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Has anyone replaced a bathtub with surround walls?
Can I just buy fiberglass one at Lowes or Home Depot? Are any really sturdy? Hard to get through doorways? Ours has cracked by the drain, there was little support underneath. It's a 97 Marlette, we use it as a rental so it may get a bit more wear and tear than normal(?). Thanks! |
Follow-Up Postings:
we personally have not replaced our tubs, but we have been thinking about getting a new one for the kids' bathroom. my neighbor did replace her tub, she purchased it at either lowe's or home depot, can't remember which one. the biggest problem she found when searching for tubs was that the ones at the home improvement stores have a circular cutout for an overflow drain thingy, and her mobile wasn't plumbed for an extra drain for the tub. i believe she solved the problem by purchasing a cap for the hole. if you do replace your bathtub, i would certainly recommend measuring the doorway into your bathroom so you can be certain to buy one that you can get into the room. |
Most mobile homes had the bath installed BEFORE the walls went up - and you may find it nigh unto impossible to get it out and get a new one in w/o major wall removal. Going through a mobile home building site is an amazing experience! |
"and you may find it nigh unto impossible to get it out and get a new one in w/o major wall removal." WHAT??? You DO NOT need to do MAJOR WALL REMOVAL.... please. |
gman is right..many tub & shower choices that are built for mobile homes, etc. In our area-we have a mobile home supply store which carries all replacement items for older mobiles.Check your yellow pages for this type of store in your area. I replaced both bathrooms-removed both tubs & had shower units & surrounds put in. My home is an '89. |
gman is right..many tub & shower choices that are built for mobile homes, etc. In our area-we have a mobile home supply store which carries all replacement items for older mobiles.Check your yellow pages for this type of store in your area. I replaced both bathrooms-removed both tubs & had shower units & surrounds put in. My home is an '89. |
Ours is an '88 and I know that my father replaced the tub about 10 years ago (he was renting it out and the tenanta managed to crack the tub!) with no issues. My only complaint about our tub and shower is that it isn't the same color it was! The walls look like they are yellow and I remember them certainly being cream when the place was brand new. And I don't know what the tenants put on the tub but the new one has areas that are gold looking and some that are still cream like it was. I've tried everything on it in the last 5 years with no sucess! DH and I just want to replace it because then the bathroom will have been totally remodled and well, the tub just isn't that deep! BTW~We haven't purchased ANYTHING from the manufacturer or from some mobile home supply place. We get everything from Lowe's. Sometimes its meant having to rearrange and change some things but most times we had no problems. |
My mobile home is a 1973.It had a gold tub surround fiberglass tub unit.The length was 54".I ordered a new steel tub 54" from home depot. This was a special order.It took three weeks from Crane Mfg.I used a wall tub surround, which is like plastic glued to 3/8" plywood.It has molded soad dish etc> This was much better than the old unit.It depends what you for length & depth available>I would never put a mobile home unit in again.Just bust it up in the room and take it out the door.I hope this is helpful. Cindy in Canada |
- Posted by DCINSC(email@example.com) onSun, Dec 3, 06 at 0:14
http://www.mobilehomerepair.com/BathtubReplace.html |
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I've never wanted to smell like a baby. and I hate the smell of baby powder. As a result, I was reluctant to try this one. I received this as a sample when I ordered some decants from Ebay, and was pleasantly surprised! Happily, this smells nothing like baby powder. Instead, it's a light, fresh, clean floral that is a delight to wear.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I will buy this again and again. I have the lotion, the non-alcoholic spray, I want the cologne, and I have the solid. I use sparingly, b/c I'm afraid I'll run out! It smells good and fresh to me, I hate regular perfumes, I hate florals. So this is good for me, no one has ever complimented me on it tho, so maybe it's not to other people's liking, maybe I just smell like I got fresh laundry. My hubby is the only one who compliments me on it, it is very, very light, of course I wish it were a bit stronger, but it's great anyway. Love it.
I was really excited to try this because I love the smell of baby powder, but I thought this smelled like baby aspirin/children's grape cough syrup. Maybe it would have smelled better on, but I ordered it online and didn't want to risk not being able to send it back. :(
I just bought this and I adore it! It's subtle, floral (on me anyhow) and sweet. I feel feminine when I am wearing it and know I will get a lot of use out of it. Spray perfume can be so strong, I like the idea of a solid that is less heavy, for lighter occasions, like a date, perhaps!
More reviews by perpetuallycute
I have this in the perfume solid, and I love it. It smells like pepper to me
I love the baby grace.
I have the no-alcohol version, and I seem one of the few persons, on whom this lasts. Really, it lasts all day on me.
It is very fresh and tender. I smell anise in it, but I didn't see it on the official notes list.
My mom got Baby Grace in a set of 3 from QVC with Amazing Grace and Pure Grace. She didn't like Baby, so she gave it to me. (Gee, thanks mom. lol!) The first time I tried it, I hated it. I was used to florals, and this is anything but. But the longer I wore it, the more I liked it. It's reminiscent of baby powder, but with a feminine edge. It's goes on rather strong, but mellows out after application. It's a very clean scent, perfect for every day.
This is a feminine baby powder scent. I't very nice and not overpowering. I would repurchase it again.

subset: commoncrawl


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I absolutely fell in love with this pattern when it was released. Jacket was done by August but it took me until mid-Nov to put on all the buttons (a problem I have with most patterns – final touches).
I really like the fabrics that I used which is probably why I still like the final product. I messed up by not ironing the linen enough before cutting out the pieces so it will never be completely wrinkle-free. Had some problems with the opening on the sleeves but luckily no one looks there. Also, I made things up with the buttonholes…but they work!
Can't wait to wear it again in the spring!
Outer layer – gray linen
Lining – cream/ivory bottom weight
Jan 24, 2013, 09.56 AMby frularsson
Fab blazer :) I have been looking for something like this a while. Unfortunately this pattern doesn't come in my size!
Nov 22, 2012, 04.36 AMby luna3
Thank you for the sizing info!!!
Nov 15, 2012, 01.13 PMby carlyhirsh
Love this jacket. It looks great!
Nov 15, 2012, 09.39 AMby Mary Athey
Wow!! This is the first.one.i.ve seen made up and you did a cracking job. i love everything about this x
Nov 15, 2012, 05.49 AMby luna3
Looks fabulous!!! How would you rate the sizing for this pattern? Did you cut the pattern according to your measurements and did it actually fit well?
Nov 15, 2012, 02.47 PMby carrie18584
Sizing was right on – I measure as a 38 and cut a 38 as well. The nice thing is that since the front is cross-over you can play around with button placement at the end to make it fit properly. I think I added about an inch to the amount of fabric that is overlapping on the front to tailor it more.
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The Chatata Valley Golf Club
The Chatata Valley Golf Club ladies recently held their annual Women's Club Championship. It was a close match with only three strokes separating the four winners. Kay McDaniel claimed the title of Low Gross Champion by two stokes over fellow competitor Rita Hannah. Delores Haynie finished one stroke behind Hannah for the third-place spot. Debbie Patterson took the honors of low net champion with a low net score of 70. From left are Kay McDaniel, Rita Hannah, Debbie Patterson and Delores Haynie.


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Treaty of Ankara
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2008) |
The Ankara Agreement (or the Accord of Ankara; Franklin-Bouillon Agreement; Franco-Turkish Agreement of Ankara, Turkish: Ankara Anlaşması) was signed on 20 October 1921[1] between France and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, ending the Franco-Turkish War.
The signatories were French diplomat Henry Franklin-Bouillon and the foreign minister, Yusuf Kemal Bey. Based on the terms of the agreement, the French acknowledged the end of the Franco-Turkish War and ceded large areas to Turkey. However other French units in Turkey were not affected, in return for economic concessions from Turkey. In return, the Turkish government acknowledged French imperial sovereignty over French Mandate of Syria. The treaty was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on August 30, 1926.[2]
This treaty changed the Treaty of Sèvres border between Syria and Turkey to the benefit of the latter, ceding large areas of the Aleppo and Adana vileyets to Turkey. From west to east, the cities and districts of Adana, Osmaniye, Marash, Aintab, Kilis, Urfa, Mardin, Nusaybin, and Jazirat ibn Umar were consequently ceded to Turkey.[3]
This annulment of French claims over Turkish land was later officially recognised in the Armistice of Mudanya. The new border was recognized in the subsequent Treaty of Lausanne.
- ^ "Ankara, Treaty of" in The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 423.
- ^ League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 54, pp. 178-193.
- ^ Full text of the Franco-Turkish agreement of Ankara
External links[edit]
This Turkish history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
This World War I article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- Franco-Turkish War
- World War I treaties
- 1921 in France
- 1921 in the Ottoman Empire
- Peace treaties of France
- Peace treaties of Turkey
- Treaties concluded in 1921
- Treaties of the French Third Republic
- Treaties of the Turkish War of Independence
- Adana Vilayet
- Aleppo Vilayet
- History of Ankara
- Turkish history stubs
- World War I stubs


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Hebrew Names Version (HNV) | New International Version (NIV) |
2 When the LORD spoke at the first by Hoshea, the LORD said to Hoshea, "Go, take for yourself a wife of prostitution and children of unfaithfulness; for the land commits great adultery against from the LORD." | 2 When the LORD began to speak through Hosea, the LORD said to him, "Go, take to yourself an adulterous wife and children of unfaithfulness, because the land is guilty of the vilest adultery in departing from the LORD." |
The Hebrew Names Version is in the public domain. (Hebrew Names Version - The Holy Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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Search results
Strava and GU promotion raises nearly $60k for Challenge Athletes Foundation
During the 21 days of the challenge, the Strava community ran and rode a collective distance of 10.9 ...
Posted November 13, 2014 in North America
Strava gets $18.5 million in funding, website reports
outside of the U.S.," Mark Gainey, Strava's CEO, told Re/Code Daily. "We're also seeing that people are using Strava across multiple sports, so we're exploring how to build out the service in an authentic way ...
Posted October 29, 2014 in North America
Strava updates mobile app with goal tracking, auto-pause
design at Strava. "Our data shows that members who set goals ride and run twice as often as those who ...
Posted September 18, 2014 in Product/Tech
GU Energy and Strava raise money for CAF
the ability to purchase a limited edition T shirt from Strava. All profit from the sales of the tees ...
Posted September 23, 2014 in North America
Garmin increases syncing options with Strava, MapMyFitness and Endomondo
with third-party fitness aps and websites including Strava, MapMyFitness and Endomondo. Now users can link their Garmin Connect account to their Strava account, so that activity data will be viewable on Strava ...
Posted August 4, 2014 in Product/Tech
Campagnolo creates rider club on Strava
SAN FRANCISCO (BRAIN) — Campagnolo is the latest brand to create a cycling club on Strava.com, where the component company's fans can share their ride information and socialize. Any Strava user can join the club for free from the Strava.com club directory . " ...
Posted April 15, 2014 in International
Specialized sponsors shop social platform on Strava
retailers in the U.S., Canada, the U.K. and Australia, Strava Shop Pages are custom to each retailer, ...
Posted April 3, 2014 in North America
Strava to license activity data to advocates and agencies
of traffic on various roads and trails and are viewable at labs.strava.com/heatmap . On Wednesday ...
Posted May 7, 2014 in North America
Wahoo app lets you ride Strava segments — inside
in head-to-head matchups against any rider, on any Strava segment, anywhere in the world," Wahoo said. ...
Posted October 15, 2013 in New Products
Strava updates mobile app
during Strava activites are shown in the activity feed. One-tap icons also make it easy for friends ...
Posted March 14, 2014 in Product/Tech


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A Answers (2)
Dole Nutrition Institute answeredGram-for-gram, prunes were ranked the third highest in antioxidant activity compared with 100 other fruits and vegetables -- beating out blueberries, blackberries and raspberries. A study from Oklahoma State University suggests that prunes may protect against postmenopausal bone loss, too.
Michael T. Murray, Naturopathic Medicine, answeredA healthy high-energy snack, prunes provide antioxidants, calcium, magnesium, potassium, fiber, iron, and vitamin A that may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases. For example, prunes are notorious for preventing and relieving constipation. The prune provides bulk to stool and decreases transit time. The insoluble fiber in prunes provides food for "good" bacteria in the large intestine. When the "good" bacteria use this insoluble fiber, they produce butyric acid, which is a short-chain fatty acid that is the primary fuel for intestinal cells to maintain a healthy colon. These bacteria also form other short-chain fatty acids, such as acetic and propionic acid that are used as cellular fuel in the liver and muscles.
Additionally, prunes contain a large amount of phenolic compounds (184 mg per 100 g). These compounds, mainly neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids, act as antioxidants to "bad" LDL cholesterol and thereby may act to protect the heart against disease. An investigation of the blood of 58 postmenopausal (approximately three to five years postmenopause) women who ate approximately 12 prunes per day for three months revealed the presence of enzymes and growth factors that indicated increased bone formation in their bodies. These markers were not seen in women who did not eat prunes. Furthermore, none of the women in the study suffered any negative gastrointestinal side effects. Last, a single 100 g serving of prunes fulfills the RDA requirement for boron (2 to 3 mg). Boron is a trace mineral essential for bone metabolism and is a necessary factor in preventing osteoporosis.


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Zinc sulfide (ZnS), the chief ore mineral of zinc. It is found associated with galena in most important lead-zinc deposits. The most important deposits are in the Mississippi River valley (U.S.), Poland, Belgium, and North Africa. See also sulfide mineral. Sphalerite from Baxter Springs, Kan.—Courtesy of the Ted and Elsie Boente Collection; photograph, John H. Gerard
Variants of SPHALERITE
sphalerite or blende or zincblende
This entry comes from Encyclopædia Britannica Concise.
For the full entry on sphalerite, visit Britannica.com.
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Greek Revival Floor Plans
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Classicism reigned in the mid-19th century as our country settled into independence and moved away from colonial English styles and toward the more romantic, classical styles of ancient Greece. Greek Revival residences are based on ancient temples and often feature two-story columns supporting a wide veranda. Many institutional buildings were constructed in this style, but it was also a popular residential plan, prominent on Southern plantations and throughout the Mid-Atlantic. Today, this house plan would be at home on a large country estate or formal urban lot.
The roofline of Greek Revival homes is often flat or side-gabled with a very low pitch and usually features a heavy cornice. A center front gable is almost always present and is the quintessential Greek Revival touch. In addition, a columned portico will always mark the entry and may be one or two stories with a partial or full-width colonnaded front porch. An elaborate frame often surrounds the door. Common decorative motifs are the Greek key, egg-and-dart design, or ornamental acanthus leaves.
A Greek Revival floor plan is usually rectangular. A growing family may wish to extend at the rear to add space while maintaining the classic, symmetrical façade. Another way to maintain the integrity of the Greek Revival style while increasing living space would be to build identical projecting wings at the sides.
3 Bed3 Bath3 Garage2,097 sq. ft.70' W x 59' DStarting at $900
2 Bed1 Bath0 Garage1,442 sq. ft.21' W x 50' DStarting at $690
1 Bed1 Bath2 Garage551 sq. ft.37' W x 26' DStarting at $1,100
3 Bed2 Bath2 Garage1,990 sq. ft.84' W x 63' DStarting at $770
4 Bed3 Bath2 Garage2,398 sq. ft.55' W x 48' DStarting at $995
3 Bed3 Bath2 Garage2,184 sq. ft.71' W x 58' DStarting at $900
4 Bed5 Bath3 Garage5,392 sq. ft.102' W x 90' DStarting at $3,995
3 Bed3 Bath0 Garage4,500 sq. ft.66' W x 66' DStarting at $1,400
4 Bed3 Bath2 Garage3,190 sq. ft.74' W x 84' DStarting at $1,160
3 Bed2 Bath2 Garage2,034 sq. ft.76' W x 63' DStarting at $852


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By Intern Jessica Butler in Music on Jul 23, 2012
Past BUST "Man We Love" and New Orleans DJ Rusty Lazer is in town with rapper Nicky Da B and we're ready to get groovin'. Primarily known as the live DJ and creative partner of Sissy Bounce rapper Big Freedia, Lazer also has some sweet solo spins that are worth getting familiar with. Combining an eclectic range of genres and cultures from the streets of his hometown, Lazer's sets promise everything from '50s twists to '70s soul and R&B. According to Other Music Records he "ain't for the prudes," but his jams are some of the "most infectious" in the land of dance music around.
Catch Lazer and Nicky Da B on their mini-tour (dates and info below) and listen for them on smart, sexy, funny porn magazine Candy Rain's radio show "Cock Talk." The show will be live July 24th from 8 to 10 p.m. on Newtown Radio, where Lazer will guest DJ and chat about open relationships. Plus, great tunes, call-ins, and plenty of antics along the way. Listen to past sessions of "Cock Talk" right here!
Thursday 7/26: House of Vans with King Khan and the Shrines! - Brooklyn, NY
Friday 7/27: Nicky Da B and Rusty Lazer at Ottobar - Baltimore, MD
Saturday 7/28: Nicky Da B and Rusty Lazer at Brooklyn Bowl - Brooklyn, NY
Images courtesy of DJ Rusty Lazer and Candy Rain Magazine
Tagged in: shows, rap, Nicky da B, Music, DJ Rusty Lazer, candy rain magazine
The opinions expressed on the BUST blog are those of the authors themselves and do not necessarily reflect the position of BUST Magazine or its staff.


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Posts tagged with 'collection'
Subtle beasts
7 November 2014 by Zachary
Snakes hold a universal fascination, so it is not surprising that our new 'Sssnakes Alive' exhibition at World Museum is drawing large audiences. We all know that some snake species are highly venomous, but people's fascination with snakes cannot be explained by the fear factor alone. Read more…
Drawing inspiration from the museum stores
Not all museum projects are part of a long-term plan. Some come about by chance and it was through a stroke of good luck that I was at World Museum when the Ghanaian artist and curator Atta Kwami paid a visit to the African displays in our World Cultures gallery a few months ago. On that occasion I was able to meet Atta over a coffee in the museum café to discuss his current work. Read more…
Reconnecting with the ancestors at World Museum
30 June 2014 by Zachary
As curator of the African collections at World Museum I often take groups of visitors round our World Cultures Gallery. I also take individuals and smaller groups, with special interests, behind the scenes to show them our stored collections. Many are students or scholars involved in special research projects, and although they often get excited about what they find in our collections, their interests are mostly intellectual and aesthetic. But recently I had a visit that was rather different because it was from cousins Patrice Wellesley Cole and Iva Johnson.
Magic at the museum
22 January 2014 by Zachary
World Museum is currently hosting the 'Magic Worlds' exhibition. It's a fun and child-centred look at the miraculous, fantastical, illusional and folkloric – including everything from magicians to fairytales. The exhibition got me thinking about the role that 'magic' has played in the museum collection that I curate – the African collection. It's true to say that there is a darker side to the long relationship that museums have had with all things 'magical'. Read more…


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Gary Mims
Sickels, Frei & Mims
Attorneys in Firm – 6Trial attorneys with over 100 years of combined experience and a proven track record of success representing clients suffering catastrophic injury and death from negligence in medical malpractice, products liability, auto/trucking accidents and aviation. We are a nine-lawyer firm committed to the highest standards of legal representation. We keep our caseload small, search for the very best experts, use advanced technology and exhaustively prepare your case. Our firm is your determined partner for justice.
Gary Mims began practicing law in 1980 and is known for consistent courtroom success. He is a graduate of the George Mason University School of Law and the University of Virginia. He spent 20 years as a defense lawyer before committing to representing plaintiffs. He enjoys an AV Rating from Martindale-Hubbell and is recognized in The Best Lawyers in America, Virginia Super Lawyers and ranked in the top 1% of plaintiff attorneys by Washingtonian Magazine.
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Ed Snowden tells the truth - Bilderberg - Hitlery on wealth inequality - Obesity
in Politics
Tonite (5.29.2014) we covered the truth about:
Edward Snowden who spoke with Brian Williams of NBC about blowing the whistle. Everything barry soetoro, keith alexander, john kerry and other Big Brother minions said about him was a LIE!
Bilderberg conspirators are conspiring. They are deciding how to make us more submissive to them and how to murder us more effectively.
Hitlery bewails wealth inequality. HYPOCRITE!
Obesity in the world and America. 2.1 BILLION people are obese and 100 million of those obese people live in America!
Palestinian problem - Illegal aliens - Isis lowdown - Hitlery LIES again
in Politics
Tonite (7.09.2014) we dealt with these problems:
The Palestinian problem. This round of violence was started by benny yahu and the Mossad who murdered the three edomite (jewish) teens.
The lowdown on Isis. NO legitimate Muslim freedom fighter group would call itself Isis. That is the name of an Egyptian goddess. Isis is a terrorist group created by the CIA, MI-6 and the Mossad just as al qaeda (al CIAda) was.
The illegal alien crisis. Thousands of children are illegally entering America from Central America to make barry soetoro and the democrats look bad. This will help swing votes to the GOP which will give it control of the Senate. The other scandals of the Kenya CRIME Syndicate - NSA, IRSS, Benghazi, Fast & Furious, VA and drone murders - will destroy the Dems in November. The stock market crash in October will be the icing on the cake for the GOP.
The LIES of Hitlery. Hitlery claims a judge order her to defend a rapist even though she asked to not be given the case. LIE! She worked for the Rose Law Firm, a private company. No judge in America can order a lawyer of a private firm to defend a criminal. He cannot even order a lawyer in the District Attorney's office to do that. It is the job of the DA to assign lawyers in his office to defend accused criminals who cannot afford a lawyer. Hitlery LIED again!
Visit - FreeWorldFilmWorks.com for DVDs exposing the CRIMES of Big Brother and Hitlery!
False Flag Chicago-Navy Eaesdropping-Hitlery and Bill Financial Antics
in Politics
We are going to cover the lies of Clinton crime family, and the various ways they are using to avoid their financial obligations. Also, we are going to cover the Navy's hacking into personal and other computers. Finally, we are going to cover the revelations of a Romanian hacker and the plans of the elite to pull off another false flag in the United States corporation.
Crimea - Ukraine - President Putin - Austin PD spy on children - Hitlery SICK?
in Politics
Tonite (2.28.2014) we covered:
The turmoil in Ukraine and Crimea. President Putin is acting to put out the fire of Big Brother revolution. We covered the background of the revolution in the Ukraine tying in the Arab Spring and the Syrian chemical attack. The Kenyan bastard threatened to bomb Damascus for the chem attack, but President Putin called his bluff and the bastard backed down. That angered the ROTTENshield/ROTTENfeller CRIME family who perpetrated a few terrorist attacks in Russia and threatened to attack the Winter Olympics. President Putin was too tough for the cowards so they launched the Ukraine revolution.
Austin PD to watch school children. The APD want all spy-cams in the schools to be hooked into the APD so they can watch them. In the next two decades Big Brother will require ALL spy-cams on the planet be hooked into local PDs which will be hooked into Big Brother surveillance hubs. BB will require ALL spy-cams in schools, factories, offices, businesses, stores, apartments, condos and homes to be hooked directly into the local PDs. BB will require at least one spy-cam be installed in every room on the planet, including restrooms and locker rooms. There will be NO privacy in any building. Spy-cams will be required in ALL yards, parks, streets, etc. Along with his satellite spy-cams and those in blimbs, drones, planes, light poles, etc. he will be able to watch virtually every square inch of Earth.
The question of whether or not Hitlery is so sick she will not run again for the WH in 2016.
Visit - FreeWorldFilmWorks.com
Gun registration - Sandy Hook FALSE FLAG - Pesticide use up - Hitlery
in Politics
Tonite (2.25.2014) we covered:
Gun registration in CT and the Sandy Hook FALSE FLAG.
Pesticide use 300 million pounds from 100 to 400 million.
Hitlery EXPOSED.
NSA - Hitlery - TSA - Foreign aid
in Politics
Tonight (7.31.2013) we covered the news:
The TSA got caught once again by BB media.
Hitlery is being dragged into the weiner scandal and her minions are furious. Back in 2009 she accepted the Margaret Sanger award for genocide.
The criminal conspiracy called "foreign aid."
Nazi gold.
The NSA in back in the news.
Visit - FreeWorldFilmWorks.com
For DVDs exposing the CRIMES of the NWO Gang.
Hitlery - Women's Tyranny Movement - BS & NSA
in Politics
Tonite (8.11.2013) we broke down the following stories:
Hitlery is off and running.
The fact that women CANNOT run for public office contrary to what the Women's Tyranny Movement GOONS claim. We talked about Jezebel and King Ahab.
barry soetoro PR stunt for the NSA.
Visit - FreeWorldFilmWorks.com
For DVDs exposing the CRIMES of Big Brother.
DC MK-Ultra shooting - Hitlery Liberty Medal
in Politics
Tonite (9.17.2013) we break down the latest MK-Ultra attack on the American people by the CIA.
According to Bloomberg.com in the last 30 years there have been 78 mass shootings killing 547. With the 12 Monday the total is 559. That is about 2.5 shootings a year with an average of 8 killed per shooting. During that time 559,347 were killed with guns. The number of dead by mass shootings is less than .1% It is a meaningless stat.
Yet the gun grabbers want strict gun laws to stop mass shootings and refuse to do anything about Gang shootings, and drug related shootings. They should seek long prison sentences for anyone found guilty of a Gang shooting or drug related shooting.
Hitlery got the 2013 Liberty Medal. That is a joke since she is the last woman on Earth who should get it.
Visit - FreeWorldFilmWorks.com
For DVDs exposing the CRIMES of Big Brother.
Hitlery Expose - Poppy bush
in Politics
Tonite (2.16.2014) we chatted about:
Fox aired a propaganda piece about Poppy bushka called "A bush Family Album." The super COWARD george herbert walker Poppy daddy bush who bailed out of his torpedo bomber in WWII leaving his tailgunner and com-man behind to die. What he did was a court-martial offense punishable by death. he was not prosecuted because his daddy prescott stopped any prosecution of his cowardly son. When his bomber was hit it was his job as the pilot to order his crewmen to bail out and onve they had bailed out he would then bail out. he bailed out leaving them trapped in a plane spiarling into the Pacific.
He started the Zapata Oil Co. as a front for drug smuggling in 1953 with C.I.A. agent Thomas J. Devine. He eventually became the Drug Czar of the Western Hemisphere working directly under the rottenfeller CRIME family.
We continued the expose of HITLERy clinton by her "best friend" Diane Blair.
Visit - FreeWorldFilmWorks.com for DVDs exposing the CRIMES of Big Brother.
ISIS - Hitlery smack down - 25 questions to ask politicians
in Politics
Tonite (6.27.2014) we discussed:
The rise of ISIS in Iraq.
The smackdown of hitlery by Ann Coulter.
25 questions every American should ask their politician. Here are a few of them:
1. Do you believe you are the most qualified person in America for the job you hold or ?
2. Do you believe you know what is best for the American people?
3. Do you believe the people must be told how to live because they are too ignorant to live on their own?
4. Do you believe politicians should live the lifestyle of the people they represent?
5. Do you believe there should be a limit to the amount of wealth a single individual can accumulate?
6. Do you believe there should be a limit to the amount of wealth a single corporation can accumulate?
12. Do you believe the rights, liberties, freedoms and privacy of the American people should be limited to protect them from terrorists?
13. Do you believe the U.S. military should police the world?
23. Do you believe there is a group of billionaires, millionaires, politicians, military officers and bureaucrats that are working together to create a world government and world economic system – a New World Order?
24. Would you support a movement to create a New World Order?
Visit - FreeWorldFilmWorks.com for DVDs exposing the CRIMES of Big Brother.
Hitlery LIES - Benghazi - How to win the War on Drugs - VA scandal - IRSS crime
in Politics
Tonite (6.24.2014) we covered:
The LIES of Hitlery. She claims she is NOT rich even though she and SIKO are in the top .01%! They are in the top 1/100th of the top 1%! SIKO said they go to the local grocery store on weekends and talk to people. They could rent a 2 BR apartment and live in it for one year on an income of $54,000 (the median family income in America) to see how the average American family lives. Will they ever do that? NO!!! They HATE the American suckers and LIE to them every chance they get! They laugh and mock all Americans knowing that 99% are too stupid and too gullible to see through their satanic LIES and hypocricy. Hitler Jr. also claims that she and SIKO earned every penny they have made. They earned NOTHING! Neither has ever worked a real job for even one day in their miserable, hellish nightmares existences! They are parasites who live off of gullible suckers and their billionaire masters - the ROTTENfellers, bushes and ROTTENshield CRIME family.
Hitlery was also intimimately involved in the assassination of Ambassador Stevens.
The current War on Drugs is a fake war. A real war can be won in 25 hours.
Key criminals in the VA falsified records and kept veterans waiting for critical treatment for months resulting in the deaths of dozens of vets.
IRSS claims two hard drives crashed that contained vital emails so they threw them in the trash. Tech companies can recover data from crashed hard drives with ease. The IRSS criminals destroyed incriminating evidence. The emails are also stored on servers like Yahoo, MSN, Google, etc. and can be retrieved. The NSA collects every email in the world and they can also retrieve them. The individuals who sent and received the emails also have them on their computers. The IRSS LIED and are trying to trick the GOP and WE THE PEOPLE!
Go to FreeWorldFilmWorks.com for DVDs exposing the CRIMES of Big Brother.
Benghazi - Hitlery - Saudi Arabia - Iran - Kissinger
in Politics
Tonite (1.16.2014) we covered:
The explosive report by the Senate Intelligence Committee on the murder of Ambassador Stevens by al-C.I.A.da. Hitlery is to blame and should be prosecuted for murder or criminal negligence.
Saudi complicity with the ROTTENshield/ROTTENfeller CRIME family.
Hitlery also planned to give Edomland (Israel) the "green light" to bomb Iran according to Robert Gates.
Bank of America caught spying on the "Occupy Wall Street" protestors.
Heinz Kissinger was involved in the "dirty war" in Argentina in the 60s and 70s. 9,000 journalists, labor organizers, students, nuns and other "dangerous people" were murdered,
Visit - FreeWorldFilmWorks.com - for DVDs exposing the CRIMES of Big Brother.
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text:
This stunning RUSTIC COUNTRY AUSTRALIA BARN WEDDING was submitted by the talented Sarah Osmotherly of Sugar Coated Mama in connection with my Australia Workshops and Confetti Fair!
What...SEE MORE
Tag Archives: wedding decor ideas
Party Supplies Now is an Australia based company that boasts an exciting range of party decorations and birthday party supplies that are unique and fun. Their website also features a...SEE MORE


text:
Re-Useful Centre
Action 21's Re-Useful Centre saves over 100 tonnes of donated items from landfill each year by selling second hand furniture, bikes, TVs, stereos, digiboxes , kitchenware and appliances, clothes, DVDs and books – find out more…
Shop – Donate – Buy a Bike – Collections Service – Amazon – eBay
Our projects aim to help reduce the environmental impact of the Leamington and Warwick communities and raise awareness of the benefits of sustainable living. Click to find out more:
The Bike Workshop – Skill Share – 20XX & Beyond – Dr Bike – Dobson Lane Community Allotments – School's Green Champions – East Lodge
A wide variety of roles are available at Action 21. You can build your CV, get work experience, fill your spare time, indulge a hobby, meet new people and help your local community.
We're actively seeking:
Shop Assistants – Bike Mechanics – Dismantler & Materials Separator – …click for more →


text:
Heaven Hill Distilleries, America's largest independent family-owned producer of Bourbon, invites you to historic Bardstown to visit our Bourbon Heritage Center. Knowledgeable and friendly Bourbon Hosts will take you through a working rickhouse, and you can conclude with a sampling of our fine Bourbons in a unique barrel-shaped tasting room! Three types of tours available; please see website for details.
For operating hours and additional information, please visit our website at www.BourbonHeritageCenter.com
The cost will be $8.00 per visitor over 21 years of age for the standard Mashbill Tour experience which includes the orientation film, a guided tour through a whiskey aging warehouse and an educational tasting of two super-premium Heaven Hill Bourbons. The very popular Portraits of Heaven Hill mini tour will now be offered at a $5.00 per guest charge which includes an abbreviated tour of the Bourbon Heritage Center exhibits and educational Bourbon tasting. Active military personnel will not be charged for either the standard or mini-tour with valid military ID. There will also be no entry fee to the facility for any guests wishing to visit and enjoy a self-guided viewing of the exhibits and explore the Gift Shop.
The Whiskey Connoisseur Experience is our newest tour option where your Bourbon host leads you through our gallery and touches on the history of both Bourbon and Heaven Hill Distilleries, Inc. After your short tour, join us in our private tasting room and enjoy an educational tasting of up to four of our rare and limited release bottlings. When your educational tasting is complete, don't forget to take home your complimentary tasting glass.
Cost is $15/person. Make your reservations online or call 502-337-9593
Closed on the following holidays:
Easter Sunday
Thanksgiving Day
Christmas Day
New Year's Eve
New Year's Day
1311 Gilkey Run Road
Bardstown, Kentucky 40004


text:
How To Build an Open Source House?
Re:Whatever you know, it won't be enough (274 comments)
You made a small error:
done something most people never dreams of in their entire life.
Announcing: Slashdot Deals - Explore geek apps, games, gadgets and more. (what is this?)
We are sorry to see you leave - Beta is different and we value the time you took to try it out. Before you decide to go, please take a look at some value-adds for Beta and learn more about it. Thank you for reading Slashdot, and for making the site better!
Re:Whatever you know, it won't be enough (274 comments)
You made a small error:
done something most people never dreams of in their entire life.
Ehh, really? (769 comments)
How is this article even possible? Ofcourse you use google instead of man pages.
Lets say I install a new distro, I want to set up a firewall, routing/nat/forwarding (or whatever you kids call it these days), install my specific hardware and get a weird graphic card working properly in X.
What man page do I read? The manpage for "firewall", "internet connection sharing", "xconfigurator"? Nope. I google.
Seriously, man-pages are all good and perky for the nittygritty, but finding a complete solution for the most common tasks are NOT a option. And besides, how do I "man iptables" if the package isnt even installed.
Any new user to Linux would be completely and utterly stunned by the information contained with the iptables package. I cant even make any sense out of it except for the most basic commands after 10 years (not working as a administrator, praise the lord, though).
Re:If DHT and PEX are (327 comments)
Because you cannot authenticate a user to the tracker. It makes ratios and private sites much harder to operate. DHT is more like gnutella in that sense, if you share it everyone can access it without having a good trackratio of seeding.
However, the private sites will just continue to run their own trackers I suppose, there's no problem for them todo that, however for the public large ones this could very well be the holy grail.
TPBs core problem is that they are more or less being punished for "helping" people make copyright infrigments. I dont think their charges will go away over this during the current political climate in sweden (more privacy laws, more company friendly politicans and less civil liberty). It is their intent that is the problem, and that intent is just as much now as before to help people infrige on copyright.
However I wonder just how the swedish juridicial system are going to prove that the people currently being prosecuted really are the ones behind The Pirate bay since they seem to have moved all systems and IP assets overseas. I guess we'll just stick them in jail for being pains in the ass and go back to being good pawns in the much larger conspiracy to turn the entire EU area into a padded and walled commercial zone where money rules all aspects of life.
Re:Bah! (720 comments)
From an american standpoint that is a wonderful way of WINNING in the long term. What do you think will happen when the middle east runs out and your local resources are intact?
Yeah, thats what I fear. As a peace-loving european hippy.
Re:Web form that doesn't log your domain lookup. (668 comments)
You're missing the point. Network solution's whois-server is the default in most command line tools. And most likely you're using it too?
Is it just me or has slashdot turned extra hostile the last couple of months? The trolls seems to be wakening from the winter-sleep or something...
oh yes, oh yeees. i finally reached karma: excellent.
i was hovering about ~12-15 for a couple of years, and with one of my last comments i have reached it.
i belive it has alot todo with me posting my anti usa-comments as a ac....


text:
Candidate gets the boot at Lake County building
By Carrie Napoleon Post-Tribune correspondent April 11, 2014 9:54PM
Lita Filippo | Supplied photo
Updated: May 13, 2014 6:13AM
CROWN POINT — A Democratic candidate for Lake County Commissioner on Friday was escorted by a sheriff's police officer out of the Lake County Government Center for allegedly disruptive behavior.
Lita Iatarola Filippo was ushered out of the building after about an hour of making public record requests at various offices, including the auditor, veterans' administration and commissioners.
Filippo, of Gary, is challenging two-term Commissioner Roosevelt Allan Jr. for the 1st District Democratic nomination in the May 6 primary election.
"In my heart I know what I'm doing, I'm trying to help the citizens and the people of Lake County," she said.
She said she has made repeated requests for records but is given documents that aren't what she requested.
"I'm requesting this information for the taxpayers to let them know what (officials) are doing with their money," Filippo said, accusing county workers of deliberately not filling her requests so she has to spend more time at the government center instead of campaigning.
Larry Cak, executive director of the auditor's office, disputed her account. Cak said he contacted police to have Filippo escorted out after she became disruptive.
Cak said his staff goes out of its way to fill public information requests, but Filippo doesn't understand what she's looking for and gets upset when the documentation is not what she expected.
"She thinks it's a conspiracy," he said.
Michael Wieser, director of finance in the auditor's office, said Filippo was removed from the building after displaying what he described as abusive and disruptive behavior toward the office's staff.
"Today was the straw that broke the camel's back," he said, referring to about 15 prior visits by her to the office, seeking records.
Marian Redmond-Ivey, executive secretary for the county commissioners, said she repeatedly has tried to accommodate Filippo's information requests, efforts that are often met with bullying behavior by her.
Filippo said she's frustrated about not getting the information she's looking for.
"If I get upset, it is because I feel violated as a taxpayer," she said.


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The Global Intelligence Files
On Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.
[EastAsia] Thailand Client Project
Released on 2012-10-16 17:00 GMT
Email-ID | 4216489 |
Date | 2011-10-11 00:14:44 |
From | email@example.com |
To | firstname.lastname@example.com |
List-Name | email@example.com |
Link: themeData
+ Does the country have a stable legal system and rule of law? Any major
shifts in the present conditions expected within the next ten years?
 Thailand's government is a constitutional monarchy with the
King as the head of state, and the leader of the government is the Prime
Minister. Since 1971, Thailand's government has experienced numerous
changes. Throughout all the changes, policies have remained stable as the
bureaucracy maintains continuity in policy formulation and implementation.
 Thailand's legal system combines principles of traditional
Thai and Western laws. The Constitutional Court is the highest court of
appeal, although its jurisdiction is limited to the clearly defined
constitutional issues. Its members are nominated by the Senate and
appointed by the King. The Courts of Justice have jurisdiction over
criminal and civil cases and are organized in three tiers: Courts of First
Instance, the Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court of Justice.
Administrative courts have jurisdiction over suits between private parties
and the Government, and cases in which one government entity is suing
 Topics of discussion restricted or censored in traditional
print and broadcast media are openly addressed via the internet, in
particular issues related to the monarchy.
 There are four basic codes: Civil and Commercial Code,
Criminal Code, Civil Procedure Code, and Criminal Procedure Code. In
adopting these codes early in the last century, Thailand selected features
from the two western legal systems (common law and civil law) adapting
them to the circumstances in Thailand. Decisions and rulings of the
judiciary and civil service are not binding but have considerable force as
precedents. In addition, there are the Land Code, the Revenue Code and
hundreds of special laws and regulations governing most areas of
commercial activity, many of them drafted and implemented with the
assistance of international legal advisors. The legal and accounting
professions are regulated under professional licensing systems, which
encourage high standards of service.
 Although Thai is the language of the courts, most contracts
between private parties may be executed in English or other foreign
languages, and may be governed by foreign law.
 US lawyers may be surprised by the absence of juries, no
class actions, no US-style discovery, no contingent fees, no penalty
damages (with few exceptions), and no full recovery of legal fees.
 Prior to promulgation of the Constitution of the Kingdom of
Thailand (1997), Thailand had never had a tradition nor legal precedent
for an independent agency to rule on political and legal issues. In
practice, Thailand's fifteen previous constitutions had been subservient
to code and administrative law designed by the bureaucracy to regulate
individuals in society by restricting their fundamental rights and
liberties proclaimed in the various constitutions. Thai politicians, the
military and senior civilian bureaucrats had always reserved for
themselves the power to interpret the meaning of law and the intent of the
constitution. The 1997 Constitution seeks to remedy these problems by
reversing the course of Thai constitutional law. It establishes the
constitution as the basis for all law, thereby reducing the power of
politicians and bureaucrats to subvert constitutional intent. Second, it
establishes a judicial review process independent of the executive,
legislative, and judicial branches, thereby enhancing government
accountability and the protection of civil liberties. The central
mechanism for these reforms is the Constitutional Court.
 The Constitutional Court, established on April 11, 1998 ,is
the most critical element of Thailand's political reform process. The
power to enforce adherence to constitutional reforms rests in the hands of
its 15 justices. The general public and the media have perceived the Court
to have made its decisions without undue political interference or
pressure, with three major exceptions. These were the Newin, Sanoh, and
Taksin cases, which were highly political in nature.
 There is an independent judiciary that provides a forum for
the fair settlement of disputes. A high status is attached to being a
judge, and the examinations to enter the judiciary are very difficult. The
judiciary jealously guards its independence. Government agencies may be
sued in the courts and cannot raise a defense of sovereign immunity.
However, state property is not subject to execution. There is a Thai civil
service that administers laws and regulations with a high degree of
consistency, and is largely free from political influences. Few, if any,
decisions in a normal business transaction or investment project require
going above the civil service for a political decision.
+ Is there a tradition of government succession and stable transition in
the country? If so, when will the next significant elections take place?
If not, are revolutions and coups common? Any major shifts in the present
conditions expected within the next ten years?
To date Thailand has had seventeen charters and constitutions, reflecting
a high degree of political instability. After successful coups, military
regimes have abrogated existing constitutions and promulgated interim
charters. Negotiation among politicians, men of influence and generals has
become the prime factor for restoration of temporary political stability.
Dating from 1932, Thailand has been a democratic constitutional monarchy.
The King, the world's longest-reigning monarch and highly revered by Thais
and foreigners alike, is the head of state. While it is unclear whether
the Constitution vests him with political power, by force of his
personality as well as his position, he can and quietly exerts much moral
authority. He and the institution of the monarchy are the cement that
binds the nation together despite the vagaries of coalition governments.
Historically, the most significant changes in Thai government have
generally occurred through military intervention, without seriously
disrupting the lives of Thai people.
From 1997 to 2006, the country was run under the 1997 constitution. This
was praised as being the most democratic constitution in the history of
the country, for both the participatory process in its writing and the
nature of its articles. Under the bicameral national assembly, the 200
Senate members were elected for six-year terms and were to be
non-partisan, and the 500 members of the House of Representatives were
elected for four-year terms. The 1997 constitution ensured human rights,
gender equality, free education, decentralization, an independent
judiciary and independent regulatory bodies such the Election Commission,
the Constitutional Court, the Administrative Court, the Ombudsman, the
National Human Rights Commission, the State Audit Commission and the
National Counter Corruption Commission.
Thaksin Shinawatra, founder of Shin Corporation, a large
telecommunications company, formed the Thai Rak Thai party (TRT) in 1998
and won a landslide victory in the 2001 elections, and again in the 2005
elections. Towards the end of 2005 anti-Thaksin groups grew larger in
numbers and held increasing number of protests. Despite some successes,
Thaksin was alleged of various wrongdoings, including having absolute
power, corruption, conflicts of interests, lese-majeste, violation of
human rights and using inappropriate populist policies to win the rural
poor. After the deal to sell Shin Corporation to Temasek Holdings of
Singapore without paying tax because it was sold in the stock exchange,
there were massive demonstrations, especially in Bangkok, against Thaksin.
In response, Thaksin dissolved the House of Representatives on 24 February
2006 and called new elections. An election was held on 2 April 2006. Other
major political parties boycotted and did not send members to run for the
election. As a result, the parliament did not have the complete 500
members necessary to function. On 8 May 2006 the Constitutional Court
ruled to invalidate the April elections and scheduled new elections for
October 2006. However, on 19 September 2006 the military seized power in a
bloodless coup. Thaksin was overthrown and the October 2006 election was
The 1997 constitution was abrogated by the junta, which promulgated an
interim constitution on 1 October 2006. People's lack of confidence in the
administration, the ineffective control and monitoring of state power and
the massive corruption of the government were some of the main reasons
given for the staging of the coup. Under this special one-year
administration the junta appoints the interim prime minister and 250
National Assembly members to be both the Senate and House of
Representatives. In December 2006, the appointed government was in the
process of selecting the drafting committee for the new constitution,
which is expected to be promulgated by October 2007.
Provided that no coup or revolution occurs, the next Thai general election
is required by law to take place on or before July 3, 2015.
+ What is the political and economic relationship like between the United
States for each country? Any major shifts in the present conditions
expected within the next ten years?
. Thailand is a long-time military ally and a significant trade and
economic partner. However, ties have been complicated by deep political
and economic instability in the wake of the September 2006 coup that
displaced Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. After December 2007
parliamentary elections returned many of Thaksin's supporters to power,
the U.S. government lifted the restrictions on aid imposed after the coup
and worked to restore bilateral ties. Meanwhile, street demonstrations
rocked Bangkok and two prime ministers from Thaksin-aligned parties were
forced to step down because of court decisions. A coalition of
anti-Thaksin politicians headed by Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva
assumed power in December 2008. Bangkok temporarily stabilized, but again
erupted into open conflict between the security forces and anti-government
protestors in March 2010. By May, the conflict escalated into the worst
violence in Bangkok and other cities in decades. Although the government
has remained in place, parliamentary elections are required by the end of
2011 and threaten to again spark conflict within a deeply divided society.
. Despite differences on Burma policy and human rights issues, shared
economic and security interests have long provided the basis for U.S.-Thai
cooperation. Thailand contributed troops and support for U.S. military
operations in both Afghanistan and Iraq and was designated as a major
non-NATO ally in December 2003. Thailand's airfields and ports play a
particularly important role in U.S. global military strategy, including
having served as the primary hub of the relief effort following the 2004
Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2008 Cyclone Nargis in Burma. Although the
alliance itself does not appear to be fundamentally shaken by recent
events, the reliability of Thailand as a cooperative partner is unclear in
the midst of political turmoil.
. The Pheu Thai Party, led by Yingluck Shinawatra, sister of former
prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, won a convincing majority of seats in
the July 3 election. The security dimension is one of the strongest
components of the alliance relationship and has endured through numerous
changes of government in both countries. A new government per se is
unlikely to alter the alliance. However, moving forward will require more
than just military cooperation; it also will require high-level political
dialogue on the meaning and direction of relations. This is all the more
important in the changing Asian security environment of rising powers and
an increasing number of nontraditional security threats. If the election
ushers in greater political stability in Thailand, it will facilitate that
critical dialogue.
. Under the Obama Administration, the United States has prioritized
engagement with Southeast Asia. With its favorable geographic location and
broad-based economy, Thailand has traditionally been considered among the
most likely countries to play a major leadership role in the region and
has been an aggressive advocate of increased economic integration. But
growing U.S. engagement with Indonesia and Thailand's domestic problems
appear to have dimmed the prominence of the U.S.-Thai relationship in
Southeast Asia. Thailand maintains close relations with China and is
considered by some to be a key arena of competition between Beijing and
Washington for influence.
+ Who are each country's primary trading partners?
+ Is there material regional differences found in the country, such as
tribal and religious influences? Any major shifts in the present
conditions expected within the next ten years?
Thailand is a relatively homogenous country, with an approximate
proportion of 90% of population being of the Thai ethnicity, Thai-Chinese
or assimilated Chinese. An even higher proportion of the population speaks
a Thai language. Nevertheless, there are several ethnic minorities in the
northern mountains (hill tribes) and in the southern provinces (Muslim
Malays). The most well off places in the country are the central plains
surrounding Bangkok with a predominantly Thai population, whereas the
northern mountain provinces have the highest proportion of poor people in
the whole country. These northern provinces are the main base of support
for Yingluck Shinawatra's populist Pheu Thai party, which is opposed by
the Democrats who garner most of their support in the central plains. The
southern Muslim provinces have seen a local separatist movement that has
escalated violence in recent years. Though not clear, the motives of these
separatist groups seem to be related to a need to reaffirm their Muslim
identity viz a viz the governments "Thaification" policies.
+ What is the general business structure found in each country, and, are
there families or other types of entities that control large components of
business? Any major shifts in the present conditions expected within the
next ten years?
The government has placed emphasis on attracting investment in 6 key
sectors that have been determined as key to the country's developmental
objectives. These six target industries include: agriculture and
agro-industry, alternative energy, automotive, electronics and ICT,
fashion, and value-added services including entertainment, healthcare and
 Thailand's tourism industry is its largest earner,
connecting various aspects of the economy, including the accommodation,
transport and food and beverage industries. The tourism sector saw a 50%
decrease in the number of tourists during 2009, reducing from 13-14
million visitors to 7-8 million. This is a result of the current political
turmoil and ongoing violence, in addition to the recent economic downturn.
 The Thai economy runs on a single engine: external demand. A
pick-up in sectors linked to domestic demand is needed to change this
trend, but that is unlikely in the near term.
 For family businesses, the larger the family, in particular
the more sons the founder has, the more positions within family firms are
held by family members instead of outside managers and board members. The
number of sons of the founder is pivotal. Groups that are run by larger
families (especially more sons) tend to have lower performance. These
effects are especially pronounced in groups where the founder is no longer
active and ultimate control has passed on to an heir. In almost all cases,
authority remains with males, while females provide domestic support and
personal care and have responsibility for maintaining cultural and family
 The Foreign Business Act BE 2542 in Thailand restricts
foreigners to a maximum of 49% of the issued capital in most kinds of
business operations other an than manufacturing.
 There is no compulsory corporate governance practices.
 Thailand's structural change refers to the fact that their
accumulating stocks of capital, work forces, and technologies became
discernibly less and less engaged with producing food and agrarian raw
materials, or with servicing agriculture, and more involved with industry,
especially manufacturing, and with the trade, transport, finance, and
construction related to industry.
 The Thai economy is predominantly a market-oriented, free
enterprise economy. As such, the private sector is the key player, with
the public sector performing a supporting role, such as setting rules and
regulations, maintaining law and order, and providing basic
 In the first decade of this century, agricultural products
accounted for less than ten per cent of GDP, while manufactures and
services contributed about one-third and more than half of GDP,
 Thai and Western concepts of partnership are broadly
similar. Thailand provides for three general types of partnerships:
Unregistered ordinary partnerships, in which all partners are jointly and
wholly liable for all obligations of the partnership; Registered ordinary
partnerships. If registered, the partnership becomes a legal entity,
separate and distinct from the individual partners; Limited partnerships.
Individual partner liability is restricted to the amount of capital
contributed to the partnership. Limited partnerships must be registered.
+ Is corruption common? How does "corruption" manifest itself in business?
Any major shifts in the present conditions expected within the next ten
Thailand has come a long way in terms of setting up laws and independent
bodies to combat and prevent corruption in both the public and private
sectors. However, there have been no large- scale nationwide efforts to
combat corruption.
All Thai institutions in theory have the power to function as effective
elements of the national integrity system. However, in practice, there
have been too many incidents of political intervention. Corruption is seen
as a chronic problem in Thailand. Especially in the recent past, ruling
politicians have often interfered politically in the work of these
independent bodies. In addition, the bodies lack the experience and
expertise to function according to the law and the public's expectations.
Some institutions have become stronger, but most are still in the initial
stage of development. Most independent bodies have yet to function fully
as check and balance mechanisms for the integrity system. Corrupt
practices have become much more sophisticated and complex, involving many
As decentralization efforts continue, local governments are becoming more
important entities both as pillars to counter corruption and as pillars to
be monitored for corruption. International institutions have played some
role in enhancing new anti-corruption activities and linking Thailand with
the international community. Civil society has also grown stronger and has
played important roles, together with the media, in counter-balancing the
government's administration.
Four causes of leakages of public spending due to corruption: (1)
businessmen avoiding tax obligations by forging documents with public
officials' consent; (2) many public officials' lack of experience,
rendering them unable to regulate the corrupt practices of businessmen;
(3) many public agencies' participation in the culture of receiving
under-the-table money in exchange for better services and (4) frequent
changes in laws and regulations, causing confusion for public officials.
Public officials were paid for the long-term monopoly leasing of public
contracts. In a sample group of businessmen, 63 per cent said they had had
experience in paying bribes to public agencies. The five public agencies
with the highest rate of bribery are the Customs Department, the Police
Department, the Revenue Department, the Land Department and Bangkok
Metropolitan Administration.
Many factors contribute to the decision to accept corrupt practices among
public officials, among them inappropriate laws and regulations, patronage
culture and, most important, lack of confidence in personnel evaluation
systems. These factors are closely related to political struggles within
organizations and political interference from outside organizations. Lack
of trust in the personnel evaluation system led to corrupt practices such
as buying and selling high-ranking positions, mostly those of department
heads and secretariats of agencies.
Public Sector
The 1997 constitution laid the foundation for proper check and balance
mechanisms among the pillars of the national integrity system. It
established such independent regulatory bodies as the Election Commission,
the Administrative Court, the Constitutional Court, the National Counter
Corruption Commission and the Ombudsman. Both the public and the private
sectors and civil society have taken initiatives to promote transparency
and good governance over the past 10 years.
In the same study, most of the surveyed civil servants said that when they
received gifts they considered them to be for expediting the service,
while only 25 per cent thought of them as a kind of corruption. In Bangkok
the positions would be directors of offices, centers and schools. Monetary
and non-monetary returns were tendered in exchange for these positions,
usually involving the consent of a politician, a close peer or direct
Politicians had adopted new techniques to ensure private gains while in
public positions. This included appointing only close associates to head
public agencies and independent organizations that dealt with procurement
and public contracts for long-term investments. Politicians have also been
active in amending laws and regulations to increase the power of those
over whom they have control in order to intervene legally in the
functioning of public entities, for example by ensuring that close
associates are appointed as board members of state enterprises.
In Section 70 of the constitution, civil servants, employees, staff and
public officials of the state are directed to protect the public's
interests, provide public service to the citizens and be neutral in
politics. In practice, political intervention in public agencies is
constant. Politicians build networks with high-ranking public officials
who have the authority to approve public plans and projects. At the same
time, public officials depend on politicians for promotion and advancement
in their career paths. This is due to the deep-rooted patron-client system
in Thai culture, which results in civil servants being accountable to
their boss or patron rather than to the citizens to whom they should
provide services.
Public sector agencies in Thailand are managed based on the merit system,
regulated by the Civil Service Commission and its Office. Selection of
general public servants is merit based through central exams. For
high-ranking positions, the selection process should be done openly
through recruitment and selection committees. In practice, however,
selection of high-ranking civil servants is usually influenced by the
preferences of politicians in power and in some cases by businessmen who
are influential in politics.
Business Sector
The country has laws regulating companies. For instance, the Securities
and Exchange Commission, Thailand (SEC), was founded under the Securities
and Exchange Act B.E. 2535, with a mission to perform the functions of the
capital market supervisory agency with the status of an independent state
agency. It is doubtful, however, whether this commission performs its
function independently. The case of the deal between Shin Corporation, the
firm owned by ex-Prime Minister Thaksin's family, and Temasek Holdings
raised doubts about the role of the SEC as an independent regulatory body.
The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 1999 regulates the business sector. In
addition, the Bank of Thailand also has a crucial role in regulating and
investigating the operations of the financial sector. Under the pressure
of economic globalization and forces of capitalism, state-owned
enterprises in Thailand, especially after the economic crisis, are being
privatized. However, privatization in Thailand has not been fully
implemented because state institutions still control the majority or
plurality of shares in the companies. Recently, some Thais have argued
that to privatize state-owned enterprises is to open an opportunity for
top politicians to benefit from the process through the stock market. The
case of privatizing PTT Public Company Limited, one of Fortune's 2006
Global 500, drew attention for providing benefits to members of the
executive branch rather than to the Thai people as a whole. The shares of
this company were sold out within seconds. In another case of corruption,
early in 2006 the Supreme Administrative Court ruled out the government's
action on privatizing the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand by
implying that there was conflict of interest. No member of the TRT
government took responsibility for this.
As in many other countries, structurally, shareholders of companies rarely
have the power to regulate the company's executives. Good corporate
governance is a motto of the SEC and big corporations, but for many
companies corporate governance seems to exist on paper only. Furthermore,
the responsibility in corporate governance is limited merely to the
company's shareholders, not to stakeholders.
In July 2003, Shin Corporation sued a member of an NGO who campaigned
through the media about the malpractices of politics and business
collusion, conflicts of interest and policy-based corruption involving the
company. The NGO member, who had a very small salary, was sued for many
hundreds of millions of baht. This caused widespread criticism of the
company.111 The case of an anti-telecom concession conversion also
evidenced a type of policy-based government corruption because it was
estimated that Shin Corporation would save thousands of millions of baht
for this concession conversion.112 These two cases demonstrate the lack of
accountability in the business sector as business and politics practice
collusion. The first case showed the corporation's effort to silence a
problem of its policy-based corruption and the second presented the
endeavor to gain vested interest from policy-based corruption.
Government-business relations under the TRT were very explicit. The
country's capital owners, especially core members of the TRT, used
political power to reinforce their economic power and vice versa. With the
economic power of the prime minister, as one of the richest men in the
country, and with the political power of his TRT party, having an
overwhelming majority government, business-government collusion has been
one of the major corruption problems in Thailand.
Officials at the Office of the Attorney General have complained that there
is widespread political intervention in the personnel management and
budgetary decisions of the office. In practice, attorneys have been
criticized for only being mailmen, delivering messages to the courts of
justice. Afraid of being accused of receiving money from politicians,
attorneys are quick to pass cases to courts without thorough
+ Is it possible to conduct business in the country without violating the
U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or other regulations? Any major shifts
in the present conditions expected within the next ten years?
. Regardless of whether US employees are employed under Thai law or
the law of the domicile or incorporation of their MNC employer, their acts
and omissions as directors of a Thai company are governed by Thai law.
. Generally, conduct will only be assessed by reference to Thai law
and to local standards. Even if consideration is given to the requirements
of foreign law standards of conduct and ethics, this is unlikely to have
significant persuasive influence save for exceptional situations.
. In Thailand, building a personal relationship with key decision
makers is a critical factor and negotiating a contract or transaction can
often involve meetings over a meal or a round of golf to develop and
enhance such relationships. In negotiations with government departments
and state owned enterprises (SOEs), the MNC will generally be expected
meet such expenses. There are situations where an overseas trip is also
expected, generally to inspect equipment or an existing operation. This is
considered an entirely acceptable and accepted way of doing business,
particularly where the government department or SOE is awarding a
. Thai law also permits public officials to lawfully accept some
gifts and benefits in certain circumstances. Thai companies and those from
jurisdictions not subject to EU or US style anti-corruption laws will
often have no hesitation in arranging meals, golf or such trips if it will
assist them to win the contract.
. Such expenses will arguably fall foul of the FCPA and may also
breach equivalent EU standards on inducements to obtain an undue
advantage, even if the MNC has done nothing more than pay for a meal or
round of golf. If such a claim were brought against a director who is a US
or EU national, a Thai court is likely to focus on acceptable Thai
standards of conduct and whether the director failed to meet such
standards. The probable illegality of such entertainment under EU or US
law is unlikely to be given any weight by a Thai court and may act to
strengthen the view that the director failed to meet Thai standards of
. Thailand has strengthened its anti-corruption policy in recent
years. Thailand's primary law in this sector is the Organic Act on Counter
Corruption (OACC), enacted in 1999 and amended in 2007. The OACC has been
amplified in effect by Ministerial Regulations and Notifications issued by
the NCCC.
. The National Counter Corruption Commission (NCCC) has initiated
increased investigations and obtained numerous high-profile convictions.
Thai laws do not conflict with the FCPA, but rather complement its
enforcement. Most recently, the NCCC worked closely with U.S.
investigators in connection with the GE/InVision case regarding luggage
scanners and the Green case involving the Bangkok Film Festival, with both
governments applying their laws in cooperation to thwart corruption that
extends across national borders.
. Differences, however, do exist. For example, gifts to civil
servants or officials during holidays-a long-standing Thai custom-are
acceptable under Thai law provided that they are less than THB 3,000
(approx $85) and not intended as quid pro quo for any benefit in return.
Currently, world attention has focused on Thailand's customs laws which
entitle individual officials to receive a commission on penalties for
false customs reporting/undervaluation. Parties have alleged that such
practice leads to seizure without cause.
. The FCPA makes provisions for the legality of "grease payments"
which are fees paid to government officials to expedite their performance
of duties they are legally bound to effect. This is the form of
"corruption" in most probable to be encountered in Thailand.
+ In regards to the regulatory environment, are the same regulations in
place and enforced for foreign businesses as they are for domestic
enterprises? Any major shifts in the present conditions expected within
the next ten years?
A foreigner wishing to conduct business in Thailand is subject to the
Foreign Business Act. Under the FBA, a company is considered "foreign" if
half or more of its shares are held by non-Thai natural or juristic
persons. Export of all types of goods is allowed to be conducted by a
foreigner. A foreigner cannot import goods for sale, either retail or
wholesale, as a trading company unless the company has been granted
permission by the Ministry of Commerce or its capitalization is not less
than Baht 100 million (about US$2.5 million). However, a foreigner may
import raw materials and machinery to manufacture products, which are not
covered under the Foreign Business Act.
Businesses that initiate activities falling under Lists 1, 2 and 3 of the
FBA are subject to limitations imposed by law. Business activities
indicated in List 1 of the FBA are strictly closed to foreigners.
Foreigners wishing to engage in one of the activities indicated in List 2
of the FBA must obtain permission of the Minister of Commerce with the
approval of the Cabinet; or for activities indicated in List 3 of the FBA,
permission of the Director General of the Business Development Department
with the approval of the Foreign Business Committee. Alternatively,
foreign enterprises granted promotional privileges by the Board of
Investment or the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand are generally
permitted to engage in business activities specified in Lists 2 and 3 of
the FBA in accordance with the conditions prescribed by such authorities.
The Cabinet passed significant amendments introduced by the Ministry of
Commerce in early January 2007:
o The definition of a foreign company would be modified to include
companies where more than half of the voting rights are held by
foreign nationals. (Certain restricted businesses with preferential
voting shares for foreigners would be "grandfathered in" while others
would be required to modify voting share structure.)
o Persons in violation of certain provisions of the Foreign Business Act
of 1999 would be required to alert the Director General of the
Ministry of Commerce of their offense and correct their violation
within one year.
o Fines levied for violation of certain provisions of the Foreign
Business Act would be increased
o List Three of the restricted businesses of the Foreign Business Act
would be slightly modified
. The Foreign Business Act of 1999 defines a foreign company as a
company where half or more of the shares are held by non-Thai persons or
companies. The amended version of the Foreign Business Act would expand
the definition of a foreign company to include companies where more than
half of the voting rights are held by non-Thai persons or companies. This
measure would affectively close the loophole used by many foreigners to
own less than half of the shares of a company while still effectively
controlling the company with majority voting rights.
The National Legislative Assembly in 2007 called for a more restrictive
definition of the term foreigner than the one in the 2006 ammendment of
the FBA. That amendment has been shelved, due to opposition to the measure
by the foreign business community and the threat of massive capital
flight. Nevertheless, due to the volatile nature of the Thai political
environment one cannot rule out another such move in the future.
+ Are environmental regulations in place and are such regulations properly
enforced? Any major shifts in the present conditions expected within the
next ten years?
- Officially, Thai environmental regulations are up to international
- Environmental regulations are issued under various laws including the
Enhancement and Conservation of Environmental Quality Act 1992, the
Factory Act 1992, the Energy Conservation Act 1992, the Hazardous
Substances Act 1992, the Public Health Act 1992, the Cleanliness and
Orderliness of Country Act 1992, etc. They are designed to enable the
authorities and parties concerned to comply with the laws and to implement
environmental protection activities.
- Taking environmental degradation seriously is not widespread among
either the public or private sector. Widespread corruption and prevalence
of bribery in dealings with the government, plus ignorance and lack of
power among the population have made environmental standards hard to
- Nevertheless, elements of civil society are vocal and becoming more
effective in creating public pressure for environmental awareness and
responsibility. There have been major successes for environmental
activists in Thailand and in the broader region in recent years, which may
mark the beginning of a period of stricter enforcement of environmental
- The public/government attitude toward environmental regulation is in a
transitional process of change from command and control, to supervision
and guidance (i.e., requiring environmental impact studies, prohibiting
logging, encouraging environmental services, and reporting and
occasionally prosecuting offenders). The National Environment Board
supervises the environmental policy of the country. The Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment manages environmental matters in a more
organized approach
+ Is there a tradition of capitalism and respect for private property or
are nationalizations and seizures of natural resources or foreign
companies operating in any sector common? Any major shifts in the present
conditions expected within the next ten years?
Economic fundamentals remain relatively solid, and the main challenges are
to strengthen investor confidence and move forward with structural
reforms. Undermining the country's investment climate and economic
potential, lingering political instability remains the major source of
setbacks. Corruption remains significant, both in the private and public
sectors, and is often encountered in connection with government
procurement, customs, and other business transactions.
- The Thai government might seek to participate in the ownership or
operation of a business entity. Again, it depends on the nature of the
business, such as those involving communications, radio, television,
newspapers, internet service providers, defense, national security, air,
rail and some land transportation, petroleum upstream, mineral resources,
etc. Under the Foreign Business Act, the Minister of Commerce can
regulate the operation of certain aspects of a permit holder's business
such as the ratio of capital to loans, funds brought in from overseas, the
ratio of capital of Thais to that of aliens in the business, and the ratio
of Thais to alien persons responsible for the management of the business.
- Some protection for foreign investors against government intervention
exists. The Investment Promotion Act and the Industrial Estate Act
provide that the state shall not nationalize the activities of the
promoted person. State monopolies generally exist over transport (air,
rail, and certain kinds of transport), communications, the manufacture of
arms, etc. It exercises close control over the exploration, production
and refining of petroleum, mining, and public utilities. However, in some
of these sectors
- Private property can be expropriated for public purposes in accordance
with Thai Law, which provides for due process and compensation. In
practice, this process is seldom used, and has been principally confined
to real estate owned by Thai nationals and needed for public works
projects. U.S. firms have not reported any problems with property
appropriation in Thailand.
- Sections 41 and 42 of Thailand's Constitution protect private property
rights. The state can only expropriate land pursuant to a specific law
providing for the public interest, including: national defense;
exploitation of natural resources; town and country planning; promotion
and preservation of the quality of the environment; agricultural or
industrial development; land reform; and conservation of historic sites.
The Constitution also allows for expropriation for other public interests
that are not specifically identified (KOT Constitution 2007).
- Under the Constitution and Expropriation of Immovable Property Act
(1987), the government must identify the purpose of the expropriation and
the period of time necessary to fulfill the purpose. If the property is
not used within the designated time, the state must return the property to
the owner or his or her heir (KOT Constitution 2007).
- The state must compensate landowners for takings based on market price,
manner of acquisition and economic losses suffered from the expropriation.
Other parties with interests in the land are also entitled to compensation
based on the injury suffered as a result of the
expropriation (KOT Constitution 2007).
+ How difficult is it for a U.S. company to get money in and out of each
country after investing in a country's bank or mining operations? For
example, are there repatriation limits of moving earnings? Are there
onerous taxes and regulations on earnings?
Special taxes imposed with respect to foreign trade transactions include
the following:
-Dividends distributed to foreign shareholders (whether an individual or a
juristic person) are subject to income tax in the form of a withholding
tax at the rate of 10%.
-Income derived from business carried on in Thailand by branches of
foreign companies is subject to corporate income tax at the rate of 30% of
net profits,
- The repatriation of after-tax profits of a branch office in Thailand to
the foreign parent company, or keeping such profits abroad where the
parent company has directly received a payment for goods sold or services
performed in Thailand, is subject to further income tax at the rate of 10
percent of the after-tax profits actually or deemed to be remitted.
Repatriation of assessable income from Thailand to foreign companies not
carrying on business in Thailand is subject to the following withholding
- 10 percent of dividends
- 15 percent of royalties, interest, rent, service fees or
capital gains
Regional operating headquarters (ROH) are exempted from withholding taxes
on profit repatriation.
- All foreign exchange transactions are to be conducted through commercial
banks and through authorized non-banks, namely authorized moneychangers,
authorized money transfer agents, and authorized companies that are
granted foreign exchange licenses by the Minister of Finance. Any
transactions not conducted through the above-mentioned licensees require
approval from the Competent Officer on a case-by-case basis.
- Foreign currencies can be transferred or brought into Thailand without
limit. Any person receiving foreign currencies from abroad is required to
repatriate such funds immediately and sell to an authorized bank or
deposit them in a foreign currency account with an authorized bank within
360 days of receipt, except for foreigners temporarily staying in Thailand
for not more than three months, foreign embassies, international
organizations including their staff with diplomatic privileges and
immunities, and Thai emigrants who are permanent residents abroad or
working abroad.
- Purchase of foreign currency from authorized banks is generally allowed
upon submission of documents indicating international trade and
investment. Companies in Thailand can engage in derivatives transactions
with authorized banks to hedge against foreign exchange risk provided that
supporting documents indicating future foreign currency receipts or
obligations are submitted.
- Any person bringing into or taking out of Thailand foreign currency bank
notes in an aggregate amount exceeding USD 20,000 or its equivalent must
declare to a customs officer.
+ Is STRATFOR aware of any possible changes to taxation, removing money
from the country, or any other types of capital constraints in general.
The Revenue Department is ready to cut the corporate income tax rate, though it
is also proposing a rise in the value-added tax (VAT) rate, says Satit
Rungkasiri, director-general of the department.
The department will implement the tax policies promised by the Pheu Thai Party.
The party plans to cut corporate income tax from 30 per cent to 23 per cent
immediately when it takes office. It later plans to cut the rate to 20 per cent.
The tax cut is part of the new government's efforts to lower costs for
businesses that will be affected by its minimum-wage rise policy.
Though the above cut in corporate income tax could help attracting foreign
investment, Pheu Thai has also promised to raise the daily minimum wage to
300 baht ($9.9) nationwide from January, up 35 to 90 percent from the
present minimum set in each province. Ultimately, it wants to rise the
daily minimum wage to 1,000 baht by 2020. This could lead to an incentive
towards investment in capital, due to the relative expense of hiring
Pheu Thai has also offered a starting monthly salary of 15,000 baht ($495)
for new university graduates in government jobs and state enterprises,
effective in January and up from the current 10,640 baht.
A series of populist measures based on government spending, such as
infrastructure projects, a rice price support scheme and the above
mentioned minimum wage policies can lead to exacerbated inflation in
+ What are the major security threats for foreign business travelers and
country-based nationals working in each country, to include threats posed
by terrorism, crime, political stability and war and insurgency? Any major
shifts in the present conditions expected within the next ten years?
. Current risks to Thailand's economy include an uncertain political
situation, violence in the three southernmost Muslim-majority provinces,
and the effects of the global economic downturn.
. Political turmoil has made it more difficult for Thailand to
attract foreign investment over the past three years; therefore, exports
became the primary growth engine for the economy, which made the Thai
economy vulnerable to external economic conditions. Continued political
uncertainty is one of the largest issues facing Thai- land, as the country
remains divided politically.
. Political instability has had a significant negative impact on the
economic prospects of Thailand. Major public projects have been stalled
and foreign investment has been in decline as investor confidence in
Thailand's political environment erodes.
. While the legal system operates fairly well, it can be cumbersome
and is still impacted by government corruption.
. "Thai Paradox - disconnect between more strident risk assessments
of Thailand's political environment and increasing levels of investment. A
paradox that assumed firms would avoid a violent or unstable environment
in which to place long-term investments through new facilities or
expanding production capacity.
. May's bloody crackdown took place against a backdrop of Thailand's
recent history that although plagued with violence, has been shielded from
most businesses, and their shareholders. Investor sentiment was obviously
rocked by last year's violence, the 2008's closure of Bangkok's airports
and a series of bombings that have struck or threatened Bangkok since
2007, but most business has remained insulated from the negative
commercial ramifications of Thaksin's 2003 war on drugs that saw 2,500
alleged extra-judicial killings, violence on Thailand's southern border
that has boiled on since 2004's Tak Bai massacre, and human rights abuses
including the notorious casting adrift of Rohingya refugees by the Thai
armed forces.
. Thailand continues to have one of the more liberal foreign
investment regimes in South-east Asia.
. Political Violence: The greatest security concern in Thailand is
the ongoing insurgency in the predominantly Muslim southern provinces.
Violence in the form of bombings in these provinces began this past decade
and has escalated since 2006. Although much of this violence is confined
to the southern provinces, targets in Bangkok have occasionally been hit.
Past government attempts at a conciliatory approach towards southern
insurgents have had little impact and it is expected that the violence
will persist.
. Localized election related unrest and violence cannot be ruled out.
+ Is there a presence of revolutionary or secessionist groups? If so, how
much of a risk do they pose to the government and foreign businesses and
their employees operating in the country? Any major shifts in the present
conditions expected within the next ten years?
-Ongoing violence and insurgencies that have erupted since 2003 in the
three southern border provinces, where the population comprises
predominantly Malay Muslims. Separatist movements, unjust actions by state
officials, illegal businesses and local politics are among the stated
causes of the increasing violence in the region.
- Though acts of violence are said to be perpetrated by Muslim separatist
movements, there have been no specific demands and the responsible groups
seem to be diverse and uncoordinated. The cause of this violence could be
a response to central government policies, especially Thaification. Most
of the violence has been confined to this borderland region, though there
has been at least one bomb attack in Bangkok that has been linked to this
separatist/terrorist movements.
Attached Files
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97210 | 97210_Thailand final.docx | 197.6KiB |
97211 | 97211_Thailand Main trading partners.xlsx | 41.4KiB |


text:
Dr. Sean A. Whelton, MD
Rheumatology, Georgetown University Hospital Rheumatology
- 3800 Reservoir Rd NW
Washington, DC 20007 - 1 Office Location
- (202) 444-6200
Dr. Sean A. Whelton graduated from the Tulane University School of Medicine in 1997. He works in Washington, DC and specializes in Rheumatology. Dr. Whelton is affiliated with Medstar Georgetown University Hospital.
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 18 Years
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Tulane University School of Medicine
Graduation Date: 1997
Hospital Affiliations: Medstar Georgetown University Hospital
Specialties: Rheumatology