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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) population characteristics and recruitment in two Nebraska Sandhill lakes.
ABSTRACTCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) are a non-native fish in the United States. Due to their prolific nature, they may have detrimental effects on fish and waterfowl communities, including those of Nebraska Sandhill A sandhill is an ecological community type found in many parts of the world. Sandhills in the coastal plain of North America
This xeric fire-maintained ecosystem features very short fire return intervals, one to five years. lakes. Information regarding population structure, age, and growth of common carp in Nebraska Sandhill lakes is lacking. We examined adult common carp populations from Marsh and Pelican lakes on the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge Valentine National Wildlife Refuge is located in the U.S. state of Nebraska and includes 19,131 acres (77.42 km²). The refuge protects a portion of the largest remaining area of tall and mid grass prairie remaining in the U.S. . We described size and age structure, growth, and recruitment patterns for these two populations. Age-frequency histograms revealed consistent recruitment of common carp through age 7 in Marsh Lake but inconsistent recruitment in Pelican Lake. Common carp growth was initially faster in Pelican Lake than in Marsh Lake, likely because of a less dense carp population in Pelican Lake. Pelican Lake contains northern pike (Esox lucius) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), top-level piscivores, while Marsh Lake contains no predatory fish species. The absence of top-level piscivores preying on age-0 common carp may have led to the denser population in Marsh Lake. Further research is recommended to understand fully the role of common carp in Sandhill lake communities.
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) have been introduced into many water bodies throughout the world, including Europe, Australia, and North America (Vooren 1972, Shearer and Mulley 1978, Mills et al. 1993). The wide distribution and successful introductions of common carp are largely due to their tolerance of varying environmental conditions (Forester and Lawrence 1978). Their ability to thrive in new water bodies has caused many ecosystem management problems. Common carp can affect the abiotic aspects of aquatic communities substantially. For example, common carp have been shown to increase turbidity turbidity /tur·bid·i·ty/ (ter-bid´i-te) cloudiness; disturbance of solids (sediment) in a solution, so that it is not clear.tur´bid
The cloudiness or lack of transparency of a solution. , total phosphorus, and ammonia concentrations (Lougheed et al. 1998, Angeler et al. 2002). Also, high population abundances have been positively correlated with increases in chlorophyll a levels, increased nitrogen concentrations, and an increased amount of suspended solids (Angeler et al. 2002, Parkos et al. 2003).
Common carp can also have detrimental effects on the biotic potential of aquatic ecosystems directly and indirectly through their feeding and spawning habits (Zambrano and Hinojosa 1999). Common carp can reduce abundances of submerged macrophytes and macroinvertebrates (Crivelli 1983, Parkos et al. 2003). As a result, common carp can thus affect the abundance of recreational fish species and waterfowl that depend on macrophytes and macroinvertebrates for food and cover at various life stages (Forester and Lawrence 1978).
Because common carp can have substantial impacts on aquatic ecosystems, understanding basic population characteristics is a necessary first step to determine appropriate management strategies. This information, however, is lacking for populations in Nebraska Sandhill lakes. Therefore, our objective was to describe the size and age structure, growth, and recruitment patterns of common carp in Marsh and Pelican lakes, Nebraska.
Marsh Lake and Pelican Lake are located in Cherry County, Nebraska Cherry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska. It was named for Lt. Samuel A. Cherry, a popular Army officer who was stationed at Fort Niobrara and who had been killed in South Dakota in 1881. As of 2000, the population is 6,148. , on the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge. Marsh Lake has a surface area of 907 ha, and mean and maximum depths of 1.8 m and 2.6 m. Pelican Lake covers 332 ha, and has mean and maximum depths of 1.2 m and 1.9 m (Paukert and Willis 2000). Marsh Lake had lower aquatic macrophyte mac·ro·phyte
A macroscopic plant.
macro·phytic adj. coverage (14% coverage of emergent and submergent vegetation), while Pelican Lake had moderate aquatic macrophyte coverage (37% total coverage; Paukert and Willis 2000). Both fish communities were simple but quite different--Marsh Lake contained no top-level piscivores while Pelican Lake did. In addition to common carp, Marsh Lake primarily contained black bullhead (Ameiurus melas), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Pelican Lake contained northern pike (Esox lucius), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), yellow perch, bluegill bluegill: see sunfish.
Popular game fish (Lepomis macrochirus) and one of the best-known sunfishes throughout its original range, the freshwater habitats of the central and southern U.S. It has been introduced throughout the western U.S. (Lepomis macrochirus), and black bullhead.
Common carp were sampled from Marsh Lake in April of 2006 using modified fyke fyke
A long, bag-shaped fishing net held open by hoops.
[Dutch fuik, from Middle Dutch fke.] nets (160mm bar mesh, 1.1- by 1.5-m frames, and 22-m leads), while carp in Pelican Lake were collected with pulsed-DC (200-250 V, 3-6 A) boat electrofishing in July of 2006. Total length (mm) and weight (g) were recorded, and length-frequency histograms were generated to describe common carp population size structure in each lake. We then calculated proportional stock density (PSD; percentage of 28-cm and longer fish that also exceeded 41 cm) and relative stock density of preferred-length fish (RSD-P; the percentage of 28-cm and longer fish that also exceeded 53 cm) to quantify size structure (Gabelhouse 1984). The 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PSD and RSD-P were calculated as suggested by Gustafson (1988). Catch per unit effort (CPUE CPUE Catch Per Unit Effort (fishing industry) ), an index of population abundance, was calculated as the mean number of fish _> stock length (i.e., 28 cm) captured per net night or per hour of electrofishing (Hubert 1996).
Asteriscus otoliths, the only validated aging structure for common carp (Brown et al. 2004), were removed from common carp to determine age and growth. Otoliths were mounted in epoxy and sectioned transversely through the nucleus using a low-speed Isomet saw. Two independent readers determined age in years with the aid of a microscope. Discrepancies in age assignments were resolved by examining the otoliths in unison. Age-frequency histograms were created to describe the age structure and assess recruitment patterns in both lakes. Growth was described as mean length by cohort at time of capture and von Bertalanffy growth parameters were determined for each population (Van Den Avyle and Hayward 1999).
Reproductive status and sex of pre-spawn common carp from Marsh Lake was recorded by determining sexual maturity through direct examination of gonads. We determined 50% maturity at length and age using probit In probability theory and statistics, the probit function is the inverse cumulative distribution function (CDF), or quantile function associated with the standard normal distribution. analysis (Welch and Foucher 1988). Reproductive characteristics were not recorded from carp from Pelican Lake because they were sampled post-spawn (i.e., July).
A total of 560 common carp was sampled from Marsh Lake and mean CPUE was 2.6 stock-length fish/trap net night. Total length ranged from 87 mm to 709 mm. The size structure was dominated by smaller individuals between 80 mm and 140 mm (Fig. 1). Proportional stock density was 51 (95% CI = [+ or -] 20) and RSD-P was 23 (95% CI = [+ or -] 16). Marsh Lake demonstrated relatively consistent recruitment through age 7 as no missing year classes were detected (Fig. 2). An abundant 2005 cohort dominated the sample (n=281). Growth of common carp in Marsh Lake was slow (Fig. 3). The yon Bertalanffy growth coefficient (K) was 0.173 and ultimate length ([L.sub.inf]) was 709 mm.
We observed 100 percent maturity for common carp of both sexes in Marsh Lake by 360 mm. The 50% total length at maturity (both sexes combined) was 312 mm (PROBIT, [chi square] = 40.27, P < 0.0001) and the 50% age at maturity was 3.4 years (PROBIT, [chi square] = 31.43, P < 0.0001). The smallest mature male was 171 mm while the smallest mature female was 348 mm.
A total of 63 common carp was collected from Pelican Lake and mean CPUE was 12.2 stock-length fish/hour electrofishing. Total length ranged from 90 mm to 865 ram. The size structure of common carp in Pelican Lake was dominated by individuals 600 mm and longer (Fig. 1). Proportional stock density for Pelican Lake was 98 (95% CI TM [+ or -] 6) and RSD-P was 96 (95% CI = [+ or -] 7). The Pelican Lake population exhibited erratic recruitment with several missing year classes not included or not sampled. The population sample was dominated by the age-4 and -5 cohorts (2001 and 2002 year classes), with a maximum observed age of 16 years (Fig. 2). Growth was rapid up to age 4, where they reached asymptotic lengths (Fig. 3). The von Bertalanffy growth coefficient (K) was 0.295 and [L.sub.inf] was 758 mm in Pelican Lake. Common carp exceeded 600 mm by age 4. We were unable to analyze maturity of common carp from Pelican Lake because they were collected after spawning.
Common carp population samples from our two study lakes were obtained with different gears and at different times of year, which may preclude direct comparisons between the two samples. However, while we suspect that length-related differences may occur between gears, the use of distinct gears does not explain the difference in recruitment patterns observed in the two lakes. The Pelican Lake population demonstrated erratic recruitment while common carp in Marsh Lake showed consistent recruitment, suggesting that carp recruitment patterns in Nebraska Sandhill lakes may be influenced by factors specific to individual lakes.
Phelps (2006) found that common carp recruitment patterns in 18 eastern South Dakota lakes exhibited highly synchronous, erratic recruitment, presumably pre·sum·a·ble
That can be presumed or taken for granted; reasonable as a supposition: presumable causes of the disaster. due to large-scale climatic factors.
We did not determine population abundance for common carp in our two study lakes. However, Pelican Lake likely had only a moderate population abundance based on the mean CPUE of 12.2 stock-length fish/hour of electrofishing. Paukert and Willis (2000) collected common carp by electrofishing in nine Sandhill lakes, and four had a mean CPUE that exceeded the value for Pelican Lake, maximum CPUE was 77.1 stock-length fish/hr at Home Valley Lake. We had no comparison data for trap-net CPUE, so we cannot assess population abundance of common carp in Marsh Lake based on that index.
Pelican Lake had a 71-cm (28-in) maximum length limit for northern pike in an attempt to increase the abundance of large piscivores and reduce common carp abundance. Sammons et al. (1994) found that northern pike preyed on common carp in midsummer and winter in a South Dakota glacial lake and DeBates (2003) found that pike in Pelican Lake preyed upon age-0 carp in September and October. Furthermore, Pelican Lake has a 38-cm (15-in) minimum length limit for largemouth bass, another piscivore A Piscivore is a carnivorous animal which lives on eating fish.
Some animals, like the sea lion, or alligator, are not completely piscivores, while others, like the Aquatic Genet, are strictly dependent on fish for food. . The common carp population in Pelican Lake was characterized by larger, older, and faster-growing individuals than that of Marsh Lake, which lacked top-level piscivores. A lower overall population abundance in a predator-dominated fish community likely explains the faster growth of common carp in Pelican Lake. In contrast, the common carp in Marsh Lake had no predators; thus, the slower growth rate suggests a population with density-dependent growth.
Population characteristics differed in the two populations examined during this study; therefore, common carp recruitment patterns and factors influencing recruitment patterns in Nebraska Sandhill lakes may need to be assessed on a lake-by-lake basis. Given the substantial influence that this organism can have on entire aquatic ecosystems, we recommend further research to better understand population characteristics of common carp.
We thank J. Klammer (Nebraska Game and Parks Commission The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) is a public agency of the government of the State of Nebraska in the United States. The commission is charged with stewardship of the state's fish, wildlife, state park, and outdoor recreation resources. ) for assistance with the common carp electrofishing survey. D. Hartman and the Valentine State Fish Hatchery hatchery
a commercial establishment dedicated to the hatching of bird eggs to provide day old chicks and poults to the poultry industry.
hatchery liquid
the contents of unfertilized eggs. Used in petfood manufacture. provided housing and logistic support. M. Lindvall and Valentine National Wildlife Refuge provided access to study lakes. C. Hoagstrom, E. Lorenzen, J. Rydell, and C. Symens provided field and laboratory assistance. Partial funding for this project was provided by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-118-R.
Angeler, D. G., M. Alvarez-Cobelas, S. Sanchez-Carrillo, and M. A. Rodrigo. 2002. Assessment of exotic fish impacts on water quality and zooplankton zooplankton: see marine biology.
Small floating or weakly swimming animals that drift with water currents and, with phytoplankton, make up the planktonic food supply on which almost all oceanic organisms ultimately depend (see in a degraded semi-arid floodplain floodplain, level land along the course of a river formed by the deposition of sediment during periodic floods. Floodplains contain such features as levees, backswamps, delta plains, and oxbow lakes. wetland. Aquatic Sciences- Research Across Boundaries 64:76-86.
Brown, P., C. Green, K. P. Sivakumaran, D. Stoessel, and A. Giles. 2004. Validating otolith otolith /oto·lith/ (o´to-lith) statolith.
1. Any of numerous minute calcareous particles found in the inner ear of certain lower vertebrates and in the statocysts of many annuli an·nu·li
A plural of annulus. for annual age determination of common carp. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133:190-196.
Crivelli, A. J. 1983. The destruction of aquatic vegetation by carp. Hydrobiologia 106:37-41.
DeBates, T. J. 2003. Role of largemouth bass and northern pike piscivory in structuring fish communities in Nebraska Sandhill lakes. Master' Thesis. South Dakota State University South Dakota State University, at Brookings; land-grant support; coeducational; chartered 1883 as Dakota Agricultural College, opened 1884. In 1907 it became South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, and in 1964 its present name was adopted. , Brookings.
Forester, T. S., and J. M. Lawrence. 1978. Effects of grass carp and carp on populations of bluegill and largemouth bass in ponds. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107:172-175.
Gabelhouse, D. W., Jr. 1984. A length-categorization system to assess fish stocks. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 4:273-285.
Gustafson, K.A. 1988. Approximating confidence intervals for indices of fish population size structure. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 8:139-141.
Hubert, W.A. 1996. Passive capture techniques.
Pages 157-181 in B. R. Murphy and D. W. Willis (eds.), Fisheries techniques, second edition. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.
Lougheed, V. L., B. Crosbie, and P. Chow-Fraser. 1998. Predictions on the effect of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exclusion on water quality, zooplankton, and submergent macrophytes in a Great Lakes wetland. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:1189-1197.
Mills, E. L., J. H. Leach, J. T. Carlton, and C. L. Secor. 1993. Exotic species in the Great Lakes: a history of biotic biotic /bi·ot·ic/ (bi-ot´ik)
1. pertaining to life or living matter.
2. pertaining to the biota.
1. Relating to life or living organisms. crises and anthropogenic introductions. Journal of Great Lakes Research 19:1-54.
Parkos, J. J., V. J. Santucci, and D. H. Wahl. 2003. Effects of adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on multiple trophic trophic /tro·phic/ (tro´fik) (trof´ik) pertaining to nutrition.
Of, relating to, or characterized by nutrition. levels in shallow mesocosms. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60:182-192.
Paukert, C. P., and D. W. Willis. 2000. Factors affecting panfish n. 1. Any of numerous small food fishes; especially those not available on the market.
2. Any of numerous small food fishes taken with hook and line.
Noun 1. populations in Sandhill lakes. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-118-R, Completion Report, Lincoln.
Phelps, Q. E. 2006. Population dynamics of common carp in eastern South Dakota glacial lakes. Master's Thesis. South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota Brookings is a city in Brookings County, South Dakota, USA. Brookings is the fifth largest city in South Dakota, with a population of 18,504 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Brookings County,GR6 .
Sammons, S. M., C. G. Scalet, and R. M. Neumann. 1994. Seasonal and size-related changes in the diet of northern pike from a shallow prairie lake. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 9:321-329.
Shearer, K. D. and J. C. Mulley. 1978. The introduction and distribution of the carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, in Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5:551-563.
Van Den Avyle, M. J. and R. S. Hayward. 1999. Dynamics of exploited fish populations. Pages 127-166 in C. C. Kohler and W. A. Hubert (eds.), Inland fisheries management in North America, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.
Vooren, C. M. 1972. Ecological aspects of the introduction of fish species into natural habitats in Europe, with special reference to the Netherlands. Journal of Fish Biology 4:565-584.
Welch, D. W. and R. P. Foucher. 1988. A maximum likelihood methodology for estimating length-at-maturity with application to Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) population dynamics. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:333-343.
Zambrano, L. and D. Hinojosa. 1999. Direct and indirect effects of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on macrophyte and benthic ben·thos
1. The collection of organisms living on or in sea or lake bottoms.
2. The bottom of a sea or lake.
[Greek. communities in experimental shallow ponds in central Mexico. Hydrobiologia 408:131-138.
David P. Coulter (1), Jeffrey C. Jolley *, Kris R. Edwards (2), and David W. Willis
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences
South Dakota State University
Brookings, South Dakota 57007
(1) Biology Department Central Michigan University Central Michigan University, at Mount Pleasant, Mich.; coeducational; est. 1892 as a normal school, became Central State Teachers College in 1927, achieved university status in 1959. The university maintains a forest that is used for botanical and biological research. , Brooks Hall 217, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
(2) South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks, 20641 SD Hwy 1806, Fort Pierre, SD 57332, USA
* Corresponding author: email@example.com, (605) 688-6121, fax (605) 688-4515


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Acritas' Fifth Annual Global Elite Law Firm Brand Index
This year's Index shows some dramatic changes in the brand strength of the world's largest law firms.
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10 Kansas Jayhawks (29-2)
@Missouri Tigers (22-9)
Saturday, March 05
Mizzou Arena
Attendance: 15,061
10 Kansas
Columbia, MO (Sports Network) - Marcus Morris scored 21 points and pulled down 10 rebounds, as the second-ranked Kansas Jayhawks won the Big 12 Conference regular season title outright with a 70-66 victory over the 22nd-ranked Missouri Tigers.
Thomas Robinson added 15 points and 13 boards for the Jayhawks (29-2, 14-2 Big 12), who clinched at least a share of their seventh straight Big 12 Conference regular season crown with a win over Texas A&M on Wednesday.
Tyrel Reed and Markieff Morris donated 11 and 10 points, respectively, for Kansas, which will be the No. 1 seed in the upcoming Big 12 Tournament.
Laurence Bowers finished with 22 points and 10 rebounds for the Tigers (22-9, 8-8), who came into the game with a 17-0 record at home this season. Marcus Denmon tallied 19 points in defeat.
"We can't let it be a carryover," Bowers said. "We played with super energy tonight. We did some good things but we also couldn't make a shot. We didn't capitalize on their turnovers. We have to go into Kansas City with the mind set that this could be our last game (against a Big 12 opponent)."
Bowers made a layup to start the second half, giving the Tigers a 33-32 lead. But Kansas took control with seven straight points to grab a 39-33 edge on Markieff Morris' free throw.
Holding a 41-37 lead moments later, the Jayhawks created some distance with a 9-2 flurry. Robinson tallied five points during the stretch, which Marcus Morris capped with a layup for a 50-39 margin with 8 1/2 minutes to play.
Robinson added a pair of tip-ins with four minutes remaining to give Kansas a 63-48 lead. It seemed all but over until Missouri ripped off 11 straight points to get within four, 63-59, on Denmon's trey with 1:32 left.
Reed made a three of his own at the other end, then went 3-of-4 from the foul line to give the Jayhawks a 69-62 edge. It remained a two-possession game the rest of the way.
"We didn't panic, and guys took care of the ball better and made some free throws, made some shots," Reed said.
The Jayhawks scored the first seven points of the game, but turnovers prevented the visitors from pulling away. Reed's turnover 3 1/2 minutes in proved to be the first of 14 first-half Kansas turnovers.
Missouri used a 10-0 run moments later to grab a 14-11 edge. The Jayhawks, though, responded with a 19-6 surge to take a 30-20 lead on Marcus Morris' three-point play with four minutes remaining.
The back-and-forth battle continued as the Tigers ended the half on an 11-2 burst to cut the gap to 32-31 at the half.
Mark Whitehead, Terry Oglesby, Kevin Mathis


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Who do you think looks best today? (5 photos)
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WHAT SHE WORE At The Lego Movie screening, Banks wore a beaded David Koma minidress. She accessorized with Jack Vartanian rings, a Rauwolf clutch, and Jimmy Choo laser-cut shoes.Read MoreLess


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I have an application which adds a w2d resource to an existing dwf. The w2d contains 1 text object only. This has worked well for a number of years but now Design Review 2012 is out, and it doesn't show the text object. It is in there somewhere because the text search facility in DR2012 finds it, so either it can't draw it properly or there is something fundamentally wrong with what I have been doing all this time.
Has anyone else experienced this?
I have attached a very simple VC8 project which demonstrates the problem. It expects c:\test.dwf to exist, this file is also in the zip, it just needs to be put in c:\. It will add a w2d and save a new c:\test1.dwf. Up to and including Design Review 2011 it looks fine, but not 2012.
If anyone has time to have a look and see what they think, I'd be very grateful.
Solved! Go to Solution.
Solved! by wube. See the answer in context.
The text is set transparent in your project. Please set the text color as (0, 0, 255, 255).
Thank you for your question.
I am investigating it. I will reply you once I complete investigation.
The text is set transparent in your project. Please set the text color as (0, 0, 255, 255).
Thank you very much for picking that up. Can I ask, how come it only started going wrong in 2012? Is transparency a new feature?
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Re: Mama Bear
A frightening likeness! (jk mom...) Excellent job.
Re: Nobodys' child
This is probably my favorite. Awesome art style.
It is pretty cute, although I agree, it might be too cute for guys to wear.
Re: Meowbot 3000
This is awesome!
Re: Time-Outs (Resub)
I love the statement, and it made me smile. Can I ask what he's doing with his hands? Should I never let my son go to the corner?
This is honestly an idea that I never thought of. Nice work!
Heh, simple design. Nice.
rngo219 wrote:awesomeee
Thanks. =) I just wanted to say that this shirt isn't as sad as you may believe. That isn't a roast chicken there. It's a tofu turkey (or a "tofurkey, if you will). The egg baby is just a bit confused.
Re: llo evolution.
Only Edgar could find a way to make an amoeba engaging.
Re: Welfare-Motherhood
*giggles* I'll take 2!!!
Re: Compassion, come all.
This sits a little weird on the shirt (I think it'd look way better bigger, and for that you might want to try Threadless when the 60 day hold is up) but I -really- like the style on this. With a bit of practice in the shirt medium (I presume you're new to it?) you could pump out some killer stuff... definitely hope to see more from you in the future
You are GREAT! I loved your entry last week, and this week's even better!
Re: What Would Romulus Wear
As promised, an all text entry. At least I'm true to my word .
I don't know why, but this entry speaks to me (that's a good thing)
ilstu99 wrote:I love the statement, and it made me smile. Can I ask what he's doing with his hands? Should I never let my son go to the corner?
Best left to the imagination....
Nicely drawn and interesting idea.
If I could vote, I would. This is by far my favorite shirt in this comp. The colors are excellent, the concept is solid and funny, and the style is appealing and more sophisticated than most of the clip-art looking stuff. Great job. I hope it wins.
Like it better, GMV.
I'm glad to see an edgar shirt up in the standings but I am a little sad it is this one, his other designs have so much going on, and not that I don't appreciate simplicity, this design is not overall complex, moreso the idea is good
Re: Leaving The Nest
Even momma bird has to put her foot down and kick out the lazy freeloaders
Re: Mother Nature Nurtures
Hey, this is my second try at designing after failing miserably the first time. The shirt depicts mother nature knitting sweaters for all her little woodland creatures. Thanks to AttilaTheMom for thinking of this idea (a vote for this entry is a vote for a free shirt for her) : ) Thanks
Re: Your Eggo Is Preggo
I love how all of the people who like this shirt can't vote ;-)
Re: If all your friends...
This reminds me of a pharmaceutical commercial. ;-) Clever idea, i like it.
Re: Where is little humphry?
It's too bad this isn't getting more votes. It's my personal favorite
Re: Mom Spit - all purpose cleaner
I love it!!! The colors are perfect, the style fits with the idea so well!
northcutt wrote:Hey, this is my second try at designing after failing miserably the first time. The shirt depicts mother nature knitting sweaters for all her little woodland creatures. Thanks to AttilaTheMom for thinking of this idea (a vote for this entry is a vote for a free shirt for her) : ) Thanks
llo I'll vote for that!
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Re: Picky eaters
Re: Smokin' Hot Mom (resub)
I thought guns violated the PG-13 rule. Or can they be shown in a non-violent way (like this one)?
Re: Maternal Love?
This is my first ever entry. Please be kind. And, if you are not kind, at least be funny... p.s. You know you want this shirt....
Re: Can you tell the difference?
I would so wear this if I was preggers!
Re: Kiwi Breakfast For Two
Fantastic! GMV
Re: Her Motherly Nature
This is a beautiful design - original, creative, and a perfect representation of the subject. I would probably never wear this and my mom probably wouldn't either (she doesn't wear t-shirts), but I will vote for and buy this shirt because it is simply the best entry in the Derby. Great job!
And you're back in the hotness this AM
If anything, Mommy Dearest made me APPRECIATE my mother more than any other movie or reference ever! Not that she needs a reason to be appreciated, but seriously, when you're ticked off at your mom for some silly reason, go watch the movie and then call mom and say you're sorry!
beautiful composition and even better detail, well done
mr edgar gettin some love, amoeba style!
Hey ilstu99, Yeah it is a Momma bird and her baby, I hope you like it, thanks for looking. Cheers Wil
yep, what they said, i like
I'm not sure if you need the text, but I think it adds to the humor. With the text, I'd buy one. Without the text, I'd pass.
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In what is a welcome aberration of sorts, the Secunderabad railway police doggedly pursued a case of rape of a minor by a 40-year-old history-sheeter, securing a conviction for the accused
The conviction rate in cases of crime — rapes in particular — is abysmal in the country, with investigators and prosecutors blaming several factors for the predicament.
In this backdrop, the Government Railway Police (GRP) of Secunderabad securing conviction for a 40-year-old man, who sexually assaulted a minor, within 13 months of the crime being reported has assumed significance.
From ensuring that the 'panch' witnesses did not turn hostile to corroborative forensic evidence, investigators took several precautions to prove the accused was guilty.
The 15-year-old girl from Warangal district had come to Hyderabad last April in search of livelihood.
The girl, who had arrived at the Secunderabad railway station, was waiting at a platform when accused P. Jayaraj approached her.
Posing as a railway official, Jayaraj asked her for her ticket. He tore it off and asked her to follow him. Jayaraj took her to a secluded place on the railway yard and violated her.
In a considerable number of cases, the 'panch witnesses' – in whose presence physical evidence is gathered and statements of the accused recorded — turn hostile in the court, resulting in the acquittal of the accused. Hence, selection of the panch witnesses becomes crucial.
Investigators in this case chose two staffers of a Vijaya Dairy outlet, who deposed without any deviation.
A crucial evidence was the video footage recorded by the surveillance cameras, which showed the accused ushering the teenager to the yard from the platform.
Secunderabad railway police Inspector N. Ashok Kumar, who probed the case, presented the visuals before the court.
The victim's swabs sent to forensic laboratory, which confirmed presence of the spermatozoa of the accused whose sample too was collected. This turned out to be key forensic evidence.
While the investigators carefully gathered evidence, the victim complained to the magistrate in the court that the advocate of the accused was pressurising her to withdraw the case.
A tent house worker, who saw the accused along with the teenager outside the railway station, was also cited as witness.
Jayaraj, who was already facing a murder case and several burglary cases, allegedly intimidated the worker but the latter stuck to his version in the court. All these points became irrefutable evidence against him resulting in his conviction.
Keywords: rape, forensic evidence, panch witness, Government Railway Police, GRP, Secunderabad, surveillance cameras, on the watch


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Sun, Mar 15, 09 at 8:15
my wisteria vine is 11+ yrs old(bought it at reputable garden center-since lost tag)...i can't wrap my fingers around its trunk anymore, as trunk is larger than most of my ornamental trees. it has never bloomed! for the most part i'm keeping it contained in size no more than 6-8' from the main trunk. it would be a tree form now if i didn't have it so close to my garage.. last few years in mid summer(when i see again it has not bloomed)i prune it back -similar to climbing roses leaving 4-6 leaf buds on the laterals.3 yrs ago i root pruned with a spade about 1 1/2' from trunk and down about 1'., 2 yrs ago i tried high phosphurus fertilizer, ...tried everything the last few years---no blooms! same story-beautiful healthy foilage. i'm very discouraged...of course its too early to tell this year yet-but anyone have any ideas? |
Follow-Up Postings:
http://www.torontobotanicalgarden.ca/mastergardener/WisteriaBloom.shtml This site describes root pruning, which sometimes shocks a Wisteria into blooming. |
- Posted by dimples31312 z8Guyton,GA (My Page) on Tue, Mar 17, 09 at 8:48
Hey, Have not been on the vine forum in a while. I have a wisteria around 20 years old. It has never bloomed and I can not kill it! I tried the shock thing years ago. Did not work. My DH calls it the plant from Hel*. I read somewhere it may be a male plant and will not bloom. Not sure? Anyway Good Luck, Dorothy P.S. Even tried Roundup for vines And It Lives! |
I was about to post a similiar question...the wisteria's I have (one white one purple) were potted from the beginning. One on my deck has remained small and has never flowered, the other in the same size pot on a lower patio area, apparently busted through the pot and grew into the ground below the bricks it sits on...It also has never bloomed. It is however MUCH larger. Is there any one with more info other than root pruning? any special fertilizer? anything? |
- Posted by arctictropical Z4 (My Page) on Wed, Apr 1, 09 at 12:37
Wow! It sounds like you are doing everything! Is it getting enough sunlight? I have heard you might strike the trunk in several areas hard with a garden hose or something to further shock or stress the plant which may help. Who knows! You may give up and pull the thing out and replace it with an American variety like 'Blue Moon' that blooms on new wood, and blooms early. I bought a one gallon plant that had blossoms on it. At three years it was growing over the top of my garden bench arbor with lots of beautiful blossoms. Kevin |
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High Sugar Diet During Pregnancy Affects Unborn Female Fetuses More Than Male Fetuses
During the study, researchers gave female fetuses of mice the equivalent of 26 teaspoons of fructose solution per day. Fructose is a natural sugar found in honey, fruits and some vegetables. It was found that those with a high sugary diet had smaller placentas than those on a low sugar diet.
Lead author of the study, Dr. Mark Vickers said, "The findings highlighted the effects of a 'marked increase' in sugar consumption by pregnant women. There has been a marked increase in the consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages and foods, particularly among women of reproductive age."


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How is it that something can be so incredibly large and minutely small at the same time? If you're as fascinated by natural science as I am, then you're likely also watching Neil deGrasse Tyson's reboot of the 'Cosmos' series. Maybe it makes you think about planets, our solar system, or maybe our galaxy. You may have thought about it in the opposite direction, in the context of atoms, neutrons, electrons, and protons. Regardless of which direction you go, there always seems to be something bigger or something smaller. Not surprisingly, this concept rings true for many things.
I am always thinking about how to describe the magnitude of unstructured data to people that are not familiar with the subject. It occurred to me that unstructured data can be compared to something immense that all of us are familiar with – our galaxy, the Milky Way. The Milky Way contains somewhere between 200-800 billion stars and planets, and is just one of an estimated 176 billion galaxies (that we know of).1
To be conservative, let's imagine every Fortune 500 company has just 1 Petabyte of data. Combined, that would be 1.3337887e+12 files (1.34 Trillion). That is almost twice the number of stars and planets in the Milky Way Galaxy at the high end of current estimates. No matter how you slice it, that's a lot of files.
Trying to imagine that number of stars is entertaining, but trying to imagine getting control of that may files is not nearly as amusing.
What's holding all these stars and planets together in the Milky Way is a huge black hole at the center. That's just about how people view Active Directory in their galaxy of files – the force holding it all together that seems like a huge black hole. The galaxy is massive, complex, and always changing. Scientists use the most sophisticated and well-constructed tools and methodologies to understand the critical forces governing the behavior of all that stuff. But most folks find themselves trying to manage their unstructured data with the basic tools that come with the operating systems and methods that are on par with spreadsheet macros. You might as well try to find the secrets of the night sky with a magnifying glass.
Back to the original question: How can something so large be so small at the same time? The Fortune 500 is a galaxy's worth of unstructured data. But that's just a drop in the bucket when you think about all the unstructured data that's out there. And we're only talking about what's been identified so far. We know our customers are finding more data every time they go looking for it. People think every file they make is so small, but each file is another star or planet in the galaxy their organization is building up.
InfoSec Institute's proprietary CISSP certification courseware materials are always up to date and synchronized with the latest ISC2 exam objectives. Our industry leading course curriculum combined with our award-winning CISSP training provided by expert instructors delivers the platform you need in order to pass the CISSP exam with flying colors. You will leave the InfoSec Institute CISSP Boot Camp with the knowledge and domain expertise to successfully pass the CISSP exam the first time you take it. Some benefits of the CISSP Boot Camp are:
- Dual Certification - CISSP and ISSEP/ISSMP/ISSAP
- We have cultivated a strong reputation for getting at the secrets of the CISSP certification exam
- Our materials are always updated with the latest information on the exam objectives: This is NOT a Common Body of Knowledge review-it is intense, successful preparation for CISSP certification.
- We focus on preparing you for the CISSP certification exam through drill sessions, review of the entire Common Body of Knowledge, and practical question and answer scenarios, all following a high-energy seminar approach.
It's fine to tickle your interest in the stars by taking a little telescope into your backyard. But when you're going to get serious about understanding a problem this large and trying to gain control over it, you better make sure you are ready for the type of investment that can handle billions and billions of points in your sky.
Adam Laub is Vice President, Marketing at STEALTHbits Technologies.


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So are there any entusiasts on here? I have a nazi coin/ medal or whatever. i want to identify but am having difficulty finding out what it is. If anyone could translate also, that would be nice.
Its a coin that says "Gruppe Franken 1938 Kampftage der SA". I dont have a picture right now, but i can get a cell phone pic if anyone wants to see
One other thing, are there any good places to get a good price for nazi armbands?
thanks guys!


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reviews & comments (2)
This was not nearly as good as other brown soda bread recipes I have tried. We found it dry and boring. The Brown Soda Bread from Bon Appetit, May 1996 is much better.
This is a very straightforward, easy recipe for Irish Brown Soda Bread. It tastes absolutely wonderful, and is a wonderful compliment for a light supper. Wholemeal flour can be ordered online through FoodIreland.com. This bread can easily be baked while you get the rest of the meal ready.


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Sophie!
Facts about Sophie
- Breed: Dogue de Bordeaux
- Color: Red/Golden/Orange/Chestnut
- Age: Senior
- Size: Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
- Sex: Female
Sophie's Info...
I am already spayed, housetrained, purebred, up to date with shots, good with kids, and good with dogs.
Hi! my name is Sophie and if you are looking for a gentle, sweet, and funny Dogue de Bordeaux to add to your life I am right here.
The best home for me is one that is committed to me, mellow, super loving and ready to let me be your shadow and best friend.
I am 9 years young and about 95lbs and super cute.
I have been spayed, chipped and current with my vaccines.
Big Bully Rescue
or to apply, please go to the website at:
download the app and send it to Big Bully and a represenative will call you if there is a possible match and we will then have our meet and greet.
Other Pets at Big Bully Rescue
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Sophie, a Phoenix Dogue de Bordeaux dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Dogue de Bordeaux for sale in Phoenix, or seeking a Dogue de Bordeaux dog from a breeder in Phoenix.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in Phoenix already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a Phoenix breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even Dogue de Bordeaux breeders who help with Dogue de Bordeaux rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in Phoenix paves the way for another one to be saved.


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Parents can go to the program's website and/or facebook page to get daily math questions emailed to them. Check out this great program.
After reading the instructions, go to our "shortcuts" section to access the parent portal.
Want to get a free pass to Six Flags? Just READ all about it! Reading logs are due back to school NO LATER than February 22nd, unless otherwise noted by your classroom teacher.
The Genesis Parents Module is a safe, secure way to view your child's school records for the current school year. You will have access to: grades, report cards, and daily attendance records.
Click on the bold text to read about the wonderful programs that our town's library has to offer:
Park Avenue Elementary School is dedicated to raising awareness and stopping bullying. Our District Anti-Bullying Coordinator is Mr. John Brovak at 732-761-2152 and PAE's Anti-Bullying Specialist is Guidance Counselor, Miss Nicole Funaro (732)761-2110. Click on the bold text for more details.
3:00 PM - 4:00 PM Student Council Meeting


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My DSL router box is at 192.168.1.1, and it is my gateway to the Internet. My ISP gives me a Class B IP address, and since I don't run bind, ...
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- 04-16-2006 #1
gateway for PPP to Ethernet
I'm running pppd from /etc/inittab, listening to /dev/ttyS0. I want my PDA to be able to reach the Internet. ppp0 is at 10.10.10.1 and the PDA is at 10.10.10.200. I can change these to 192.168.1.* if it would help. The PDA does support PPP and lets me specify DNS IPs (again, my ISP's Class B servers), but doesn't let me provide a gateway IP. I tried using ms-dns options with pppd, but it won't take them, so DNS servers are hard-coded in the PDA's PPP config.
What should I do to set up a routing table so that the PDA will be able to reach the Internet?


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Welcome to the Official Website of the Indiana University Accounting Club!
Our Objective
"To provide Accounting Club members with every possible opportunity to grow professionally, to network, to gain information, to receive support, and to acquire the necessary tools to succeed."
Interested in joining the Accounting Club?
Please fill out the 2014-2015 Membership application as well as making a payment through paypal.
Both of these actions can be completed below. Before becoming an official member please feel free to attend any of our events in order to see if our club is right for you.
Not an Accounting Major?
No problem! We welcome and encourage any IUS School of Business student to attend our events and become involved.