text:
TOTVS 1Q13: +15.2% In Maintenance Fee Revenue
SÃO PAULO, May 2, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- TOTVS S.A. (BM&FBOVESPA: TOTS3), the leader in the development and marketing of integrated enterprise management software, as well as the provision of related services in Brazil and Latin America, today announces its results for the first quarter of 2013 (1Q13). The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting practices adopted in Brazil, which are in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
Highlights of the period:
- Net Revenue : R$374.2 million in 1Q13 (+6.6% vs. 1Q12) and R$1,437.1 million in the LTM (+8.4% vs. LTM-1Q12). Excluding the social security (INSS) contribution, Net Revenue came to R$381.6 million in 1Q13 (+8.7% vs. 1Q12) and R$1,467.9 million in the LTM (+10.8% vs. LTM-1Q12) .
- Recurring Revenue: R$224.4 million in 1Q13 (+13.8% vs. 1Q12) and R$839.3 million in the LTM (+11.4% vs. LTM-1Q12), both excluding the social security (INSS) contribution.
- Net License Fee Revenue : R$82.7 million in 1Q13 (-3.7% vs. 1Q12) and R$326.3 million in the LTM (+4.6% vs. LTM-1Q12). Excluding the social security (INSS) contribution, this line totaled R$84.3 million in 1Q13 (-1.7% vs. 1Q12) and R$333.1 million in the LTM (+6.8% vs. LTM-1Q12) .
- Net Service Revenue : R$105.7 million in 1Q13 (+5.2% vs. 1Q12) and R$420.1 million in the LTM (+9.3% vs. LTM-1Q12). Excluding the social security (INSS) contribution, this line totaled R$107.3 million in 1Q13 (+6.8% vs. 1Q12) and R$427.9 million in the LTM (+11.4% vs. LTM-1Q12) .
- Net Maintenance Revenue : R$185.9 million in 1Q13 (+12.8% vs. 1Q12) and R$690.7 million in the LTM (+9.8% vs. LTM-1Q12). Excluding the social security (INSS) contribution, this line totaled R$189.9 million in 1Q13 (+15.2% vs. 1Q12) and R$706.9 million in the LTM (+12.4% vs. LTM-1Q12) .
- EBITDA: R$97.5 million in 1Q13 (+5.9% vs. 1Q12) and R$383.4 million in the LTM (+16.4% vs. LTM-1Q12).
- EBITDA Margin: Consolidated EBITDA Margin of 26.1% in 1Q13 (-10 bps vs. 1Q12) and 26.7% in the LTM (+180 bps vs. LTM-1Q12) .
- Net Income: R$51.9 million in 1Q13 (+4.0%. vs. 1Q12) and R$209.122 million in the LTM (+12.6% vs. LTM-1Q12) .
For further information, please visit: www.totvs.com/ir.
Conference call in English 12:00 p.m. ( Brasilia)Webcast: www.totvs.com/ir Phone: +1 (412) 317-6776Access code: TOTVSReplay: +1 (412) 317-0088 (access code 10027556), available until May 10, 2013 or at: www.totvs.com/ir
IR Contacts Alexandre DinkelmannInvestor Relations Officer Phone: +55 (11) 2099-7105 / 7097/7773 email@example.com SOURCE TOTVS S.A.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
Action Alerts PLUS
Jim Cramer and Stephanie Link reveal their investment tactics while giving advanced notice before every trade.
Product Features:
- $2.5+ million portfolio
- Large-cap and dividend focus
- Intraday trade alerts from Cramer
Quant Ratings
Access the tool that DOMINATES the Russell 2000 and the S&P 500.
Product Features:
- Buy, hold, or sell recommendations for over 4,300 stocks
- Unlimited research reports on your favorite stocks
- A custom stock screener
Stocks Under $10
Jim Cramer's protégé, David Peltier, uncovers low dollar stocks with extraordinary upside potential that are flying under Wall Street's radar.
Product Features:
- Model portfolio
- Stocks trading below $10
- Intraday trade alerts
Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
Dividend Stock Advisor
Jim Cramer's protégé, David Peltier, identifies the best of breed dividend stocks that will pay a reliable AND significant income stream.
Product Features:
- Diversified model portfolio of dividend stocks
- Updates with exact steps to take - BUY, HOLD, SELL
Trifecta Stocks
Every recommendation goes through 3 layers of intense scrutinyquantitative, fundamental and technical analysisto maximize profit potential and minimize risk.
Product Features:
- Model Portfolio
- Intra Day Trade alerts
- Access to Quant Ratings
Options Profits
Our options trading pros provide over 100 monthly option trading ideas and strategies to help you become a well-seasoned trader.
Product Features:
- Actionable options commentary and news
- Real-time trading community


text:
Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
Sort by: Date | Rating | Most Helpful
"Needs more sweetness, it's just a little to "flour like". I also found that the second round of bake time is a bit too short- i would go with 8-10 min. Other wise it's a bit too soft and not as snappy as biscotti should be. Good flavor and gives a great base for options."
"Wonderful! i made this as a cake with cream cheese icing for my mom's birthday- and we all loved it!! For nutrition reasons- i subed the butter with fat free sour cream- and the result was terrific. I agree with Syrinx, the directions don't mention what to do with the eggs- so i also added them to the liquid ingredients. I also reccomend addin..."
"We loved this! I don't fry- so i just butterflied the shrimp and pan sauteed them until done. I also don't keep mayo around, so i subbed fat free sour cream (which doesn't have much flavor as it is) for the right consistency and it worked very well. I would cut down on the mayo/ sour cream just a bit. However, it reminded us every bit of the r..."
"I made this last night after watching Rachel make it a while back. And we LOOOOVED it! It is an interesting and hearty fish dish. My changes were minor, but a little bit healthier and more economical. Instead of Italian sausage, i browned lean turkey sausage and added Italian spice blend and fennel seeds. I also used a drained can of fire roa..."
"DELISH! This was so easy! I just threw everything (including the chicken uncooked) into the crockpot- set it- and let it cook. I made this for myself (a single grad student) and was able to eat off of this for nearly a week! To make it even easier, i just used a frozen veggie mix, and fat free milk. AWESOME recipe!! thanks sooo much for post..."
"These are sooo wonderfully easy, it's incredible!! I love that you are able to sneek in a "veggie" and there is such little prep work. This recipe makes for a great go-to, inexpensive, quick, and great fluffy texture. NOTE: this recipe also works great for cookies. They don't spread out much so you can fit a ton on one cookie sheet. Optional..."
"THESE ARE WONDERFUL! easy, inexpensive (i had everything in my pantryalready) and healthy. By using skim milk, heart smart bisquick, and splenda, these are little healthy nuggests of goodness. Sneeky too, you would never guess they are so lean. I'm always on the look out for recipes with low sugar content and little or no added fat- this fits ..."
"These muffins just really lacked a certain "something". More mango- more sweetness, more of anything. However- i really really appreciate the healthful additions of the whole wheat flour, wheat germ, and minimal use of added fats. With a bit of tweaking, (,aybe honey for sweetness and grated ginger for zing) this recipe could be wonderful. A g..."
"these cookies are one of my favorite go to's! The options are really endless. I used dried cranberries instead of dates, but almost any dried chopped fruit would work. To lower the carbohydrate factor, i used a combo of oats and puffed brown rice cereal (easy to find near the natural cerals- even at wal-mart!). everytime i make these, they dis..."
"I made this one night to go along with fish tacos. It's a really good thing that this was so low fat, because my B.F. began eating it with a spoon! I didn't mention that it wasn't made with avocados, but he couldn't stop raving on and on about how great my guac had turned out. You gotta try it, no one will ever guess your healthy secret! NOTE:..."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The amnion is derived from the embryo and forms as early as eight days after fertilization, when the fate of cells has yet to be determined, and serves to protect the developing fetus. According to the researchers' studies using placentas from full-term pregnancies, amniotic epithelial cells have many of the telltale surface markers that define embryonic stem cells, and also express the Oct-4 and nanog genes that are known to be required for self-renewal and pluripotency ?the ability to develop into any type of cell.
Yet the authors are careful to point out that despite their remarkable similarities to embryonic stem cells, amniotic epithelial cells are not stem cells per se, because they can't grow indefinitely. This may be due to the fact that these amnion-derived cells do not express a certain enzyme, called telomerase, that is important for normal DNA and chromosome replication, and by extension, ultimately, cell division.
"Perhaps it's to their advantage that the amnion epithelial cells lack telomerase expression, because telomerase is associated with many cancers and one of the main concerns about stem cell therapies is that transplanted stem cells would replicate in the recipient to form tumors," noted Toshio Miki, M.D., Ph.D., first author of the paper and an instructor in the department of pathology at the School of Medicine.
To help determine if amnion-derived cells that are delivered directly to tissues would cause tumors, the researchers conducted studies in immune system-deficient mice and found no evidence that tumors had developed seven months after the cells were injected into multiple sites.
While amniotic epithelial cells do not share the same capacity for unlimited replication as do embryonic stem cells, they still can double in population size about 20 times over without needing another cell type serving as a feeder cell layer. This is significant, because to
Source:University of Pittsburgh Medical Center


text:
Kelsey Romanowski is used to the nightly pricks in her finger to check her blood sugar. The Neuqua Valley High School sophomore was diagnosed with Type I diabetes when she was 4 years old. Keeping her blood sugar in range is a constant battle.
"My daughter's pancreas doesn't work," said her mother, Cindy, recognizing that people often confuse Type I diabetes with Type 2.
In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin whereas in Type 2 diabetes the body does not use insulin properly.
While Kelsey was diagnosed very young, it hasn't kept her from leading an active life riding horses, rock climbing, and eating anything she wants as long as she does it in moderation. But it has meant the constant checking of her blood sugar, about every two hours, since there is no cure for the disease.
Because of that, Kelsey rarely spends the night at a friend's house, and if she does, she usually stays up all night.
"No one wants that responsibility if she crashes during the night," said Cindy, understanding the challenge. "This is not typical, but this is our normal. We do what we have do to and don't think about it. We would go crazy if we did think about it."
The 15-year-old hopes one thing will help life seem more normal. She is raising $6,500 to receive a diabetes alert dog, which would be trained via scent to know 20 minutes before Kelsey's blood sugar goes out of range. The dog will come from Heads Up Hounds in Nebraska.
Kelsey read about the diabetes alert dogs and researched the possibility of getting one. She chose Heads Up Hounds in Nebraska because the business uses rescue dogs rather than a breeder.
"It's another tool for us," Cindy said of getting the dog.
The canine that Kelsey will eventually receive will be trained to know her scent and alert her when her blood sugar is out of range. That hopefully will mean no more trips to the hospital.
"My mom won't have to look over my shoulder," Kelsey said. "The dog will go with me everywhere."
For Kelsey, it means greater independence as she looks forward to college in a few years.
They have entered into a contract for the dog, costing $6,500 (the price has since gone up to $7,500). And because their insurance has denied paying for the dog, the family is fundraising to raise the rest of the funds. They have $2,200 already collected.
According to Jamie Cook, the director of client and shelter relations, the typical cost of a medical alert dog is upwards of $20,000, but by using shelter dogs rather than purebreds, they can bring the cost down.
"We start with dogs who are adults," said Cook of saving on the costs of having to raise a puppy into adulthood. "It's a lot easier to fundraise for $7,500 (than $20,000)."
The dogs are trained using scent from the person they will be helping. It takes about four months to train each dog. At any one time, Heads Up Hounds has six dogs undergoing training, and in the past year, they placed 13 dogs.
"My life is 24/7 dogs," Cook said, acknowledging that the dogs live at her family's home. "There are dogs everywhere, and I'm never not working. When I get burned out, I get a message from a family saying this is the first time their kid hasn't had to have their finger pricked 15 times in a day."
She knows she is helping to change a child's perspective on having diabetes, too.
"I save a dog's life," Cook said. "I save a kid's life. They get a best friend, and there is something about the disease that isn't painful but is happy."
Tags: Good CauseWhat: Garage sale and T-shirt sale to offset the cost of a diabetes alert dog for Kelsey Romanowski.
When: 2 to 8 p.m. Aug. 2; 7:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Aug. 7 and 8
Where: 1139 Lakeside Court, Naperville
Contact: Email firstname.lastname@example.com to donate items for the garage sale
For more information: Visit www.youcaring.com/kelseysdiabeticalertdog
Heads up Hounds: Learn more at www.headsuphounds.com


text:
Document - USA: Further information: Kimberly Rivera to be sentenced on 29 April
Further information on UA: 263/12 Index: AMR 51/013/2013 USA Date: 12 March 2013
URGENT ACTION KIMBERLY RIVERA TO BE SENTENCED ON 29 APRIL A plea agreement has been reached between US servicewoman Kimberly Rivera's lawyers and the military authorities. A hearing to determine the length of her sentence will take place on 29 April at Fort Carson, Colorado. Private First Class (PFC) Kimberly Rivera has been detained by the US military authorities since 20 September 2012, when she was arrested for desertion from the army. Kimberly Rivera had left the army without authorization while on leave from deployment to Iraq in early 2007, and went to Canada after deciding that morally she could no longer participate in the war in Iraq or any other conflict. In Canada she applied for protection as a refugee, but was deported in September 2012 after her application was rejected on appeal.
At the hearing on 29 April, a military judge will hear arguments regarding the length of confinement that Kimberly Rivera will face. The judge then will have the opportunity to decide whether she will receive either the amount of imprisonment specified in the sealed plea agreement or a lesser sentence.
After this, Fort Carson Commander Major General Joseph Anderson will decide whether to approve the sentence, or suspend all or part of it. Letters from the public could help to persuade him to show leniency.
Kimberly Rivera spoke out publicly about her objection to the conflict in Iraq while she was in Canada. During the attempt to stop her deportation, her lawyer submitted evidence to show that service personnel in similar situations who speak out publicly in this way have been treated more harshly than those who do not, on their return to the USA.
Please write immediately in English or your own language: Urging the authorities to release PFC Kimberly Rivera immediately and unconditionally, as she is a prisoner of conscience, jailed for her conscientious objection to participation in the armed conflict in Iraq.
PLEASE SEND APPEALS BEFORE 23 APRIL 2013 TO: Commander, Fort Carson Major General Joseph Anderson Public Affairs Office 1626 Ellis Street Ste. 200, Bldg.118 Fort Carson, CO 80913, USA Fax: +1 719 526 1021 Salutation: Dear Major General Anderson
Secretary of Defense The Honorable Chuck Hagel Office of the Secretary of Defense 1000 Defense Pentagon Washington, DC 20301-1400 USA Fax: +1 703 571 8951 Salutation: Dear Secretary of Defense
And copies to: Kimberly Rivera's attorney James M Branum PO Box 721016 Oklahoma City, OK 73172 USA Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Also send copies to diplomatic representatives accredited to your country.
Please check with your section office if sending appeals after the above date. This is the third update of UA 263/12. Further information: http://amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/098/2012/en
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Amnesty International believes the right to refuse to perform military service for reasons of conscience is part of freedom of thought, conscience and religion, as recognised in Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Amnesty International considers a conscientious objector to be any person who, for reasons of conscience or profound conviction, refuses to perform service in the armed forces. This can include refusal to participate in a particular war because one disagrees with its aims or the manner in which it is being waged, even if one does not oppose taking part in all wars.
Wherever such a person is detained or imprisoned solely for actions taken in consequence of these beliefs, Amnesty International considers that person to be a prisoner of conscience. Amnesty International also considers conscientious objectors to be prisoners of conscience if they are imprisoned for leaving the armed forces without authorization for reasons of conscience, if they have first taken reasonable steps to secure release from military obligations, or if it was in practice impossible for them to do so.
Name: Kimberly Rivera Gender m/f: f
Further information on UA: 263/12 Index: AMR 51/013/2013 Issue Date: 12 March 2013


text:
A Sure Foundation
A Sure Foundation is the radio ministry of Pastor David Rosales and Calvary Chapel Chino Valley. He can be heard weekdays on radio stations around the United States. To find a radio station near you, click here. We also archive previous messages right here so you can listen on demand.
Message Archives
Contact A Sure Foundation
Sign up for the A Sure Foundation Newsletter
Pastor David on Instagram
Pastor David on YouTube
Pastor David on Vimeo


text:
Thank you for visiting theday.com
To continue reading up to 10 premium articles per month, you must register, or get...
$1 for 12 weeks
Already registered on theday.com? Login.
Not registered on theday.com? Register.
No, thank you.
Published 11/07/2012 12:00 AM
Updated November 07. 2012 9:23AM
New London's four starting wide receivers - Caleb Camacho, Sam Miranda, Niko Ramos and Jose Garcia - all excel at their position and share a common Puerto Rican background.
Jim Buonocore on New London-Ledyard
Tommie Major on being a Whaler
Ledyard's Perry twins
Whalers QB Ackee Barber: new school, new position
Shoe change benefits Ledyard kicker
Buonocore and Mignault reflect on rivalry
Winter storm warning for most of Connecticut; 5 to 10 inches of snow predicted along shore
Downtown New London comes alive with Hygienic Art XXXVI show
VIDEO: Brooklyn warehouse fire raised to 7 alarms as more than 250 firefighters battle flames, smoke
First-time mothers celebrate with their babies after completing Nurse-Family Partnership program
UPDATED: Whitney Houston's daughter found unresponsive in tub Saturday
UPDATED: Islamic State group militants claim to behead Japanese journalist in online video
More than 250 firefighters battle seven-alarm warehouse blaze in Brooklyn
Swiss police: 4 dead after avalanche hits group of skiers
Dazzling Big Bang 'discovery' goes poof
Norwich looks for real estate help
Blizzard time lapse: drifting snow in Waterford
Highlights: New London 72, Ledyard 70
UConn scholarship a dream come true for Cespedes
Blizzard time lapse: downtown New London
Full Game: New London 72, Ledyard 70
A chance to answer my fans
New London Police union asks for ouster of police community relations member over letter
Malloy tours snow-shrouded Stonington
Submarines that go nowhere
Best Market in Montville closes suddenly


text:
World » More
U.S. » More
Business » More
Tech » More
Markets » More
Market Data
Your Money » More
Opinion » More
Life & Culture » More
N.Y. » More
Real Estate » More
Management » More
Your email has been sent.
An error has occured and your email has not been sent. Please try again.
Chart available at Market Data Center
NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 26: An NYPD car sits on 8th avenue following road closures on January 26, 2015 in New York City. New York, and much of the Northeast, is bracing for a major winter storm which is expected to bring blizzard conditions and 10 to 30 inches of snow to the area. (Photo by Alex Trautwig/Getty Images)
Content engaging our readers now, with additional prominence accorded if the story is rapidly gaining attention. Our WSJ algorithm comprises 30% page views, 20% Facebook, 20% Twitter, 20% email shares and 10% comments.
Subscriber Content Read Preview
Show 5 More
Show Fewer


text:
11.276 Wörter (≈ etwa eine Stunde)
"I can't see you!" said Oliver. "You're not there." Reece only wanted to be friends; but when Oliver snubbed him, he found a surprising way to get revenge. A thought-provoking book for readers of 9 and over.
Sprache: Englisch
Geschrieben in: 2013
Veröffentlicht: 2013-02-11
Wortanzahl: 11.276 Wörter (≈ etwa eine Stunde)
Tags: school story, chapter book, younger readers, making friends
Emma Laybourn lives in the north of England. She has had seven children's books published in traditional form, as well as over thirty stories in women's magazines. Her website at www.megamousebooks.com contains free children's online stories, ebooks and printable puzzles.


text:
Sort of online gaming sesh
Posted 14 February 2014 - 01:12 PM
It took a while due to work, and one living in South Americaa nd being five hours behind us.
The game went really well and we all enjoyed it.
A couple of things came up.
Spell cards - these were open rather than hidden.
Peeking top cards - if somone played a character such as the Sage, or had an object, follower or spell that allows this ability, all other players will know.
Does anyone have any suggestions on getting around this?
We do plan to have another sesh some time in the future.
Posted 15 February 2014 - 04:36 PM
The only way I can think of at the moment would be private messaging the secret info to the player who needs to know it from the person who has the board and cards, that means only two people would know about it at least.
an option for characters like the spy could be to replace the top of deck checking ability with the ability of the prophetess to discard a drawn card and draw a new one, would change who these characters played but give them powers that stay similar in feel without making the abilities a party ability.
Posted 15 February 2014 - 10:02 PM
Posted 16 February 2014 - 07:22 AM
You could always have one party in the game that doesn't play but keeps tabs on everyone's stuff. It wouldn't be the most fun role but everyone could take turns. He would be similar to the GM in he knows all and can private message between the players that need to know certain cards. Just a thought.
I thought this as well and suggested this but one friend showed concern that I, the board owner, would miss out on the gaming fun.
I think my friends and I need to agree on some house rules if all are playing as characters.


text:
All Experts
Showing 2 of 2 results
- Kazakhstan (1)
- Kyrgyz Republic (1)
- Tajikistan (2)
- Turkmenistan (1)
- Uzbekistan (1)
Sort By:
- Alphabetical
- Job Title
Saroj Kumar Jha
Saroj Kumar Jha is the World Bank Regional Director for Central Asia, based in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Job Title: World Bank Regional Director for Central Asia
Language: Hindi, Arabic, French, Maithili, Oriya, Urdu
Patricia Veevers-Carter
Patricia Veevers-Carter is the World Bank Country Manager for Tajikistan based in Dushanbe.
Job Title: World Bank Country Manager for Tajikistan
Language: Dutch, English, Spanish, French, German, Arabic


text: KFOX14 - kfoxtv.com - Search Results The following is an archived video story. The text content of that video story is available below for reference. The original video has been deleted and is no longer available. A man is stabbed in central El Paso By: Sarai BejaranoEL PASO, Texas - Two men were assaulted at a house party in central El Paso Saturday morning. According to the El Paso Police Department, they were notified about an altercation at 100 block of N. Seville Drive at 12:30 a.m. Gang investigators responded to the scene to assist police. Their investigation revealed that the issue began when people at the party brought up the issue of a gang membership. That is when the two men were assaulted. A 33-year-old man was stabbed two times and the other man who is said to be 19 years-old was attacked by several people and was left with facial fractures.Both men received non-life-threatening injuries and were taken to a local hospital. No arrests have been made. Anyone who has any information regarding this incident is asked to call police at 915-832-4400 or to remain anonymous and possibly qualify for a cash reward you may contact Crime Stoppers of El Paso at 915-566-8477.


text:
quote:in food processor, I just put all the ingredients in at the beginning, before processing. Process long time, til creamy smooth, tilting and shaking as necessary. (Added almost 1/4 tsp Black Pepper, tonight, just to see, but can't tell much difference...I think it's just fine, without it.) Tip: Cayenne & Cumin taste better when fresh, so if the lid won't close, you might want to get fresh jar of Cayenne.
quote:Tahini is a sesame seed paste. It is not "optional" in hummus...it is a main ingredient.
quote:Dare I say it...peanut butter is a decent substitute.
quote:.peanut butter is a decent substitute.


text:
Join Us in Continuing the Conversation on America's Great Outdoors
Last week, President Barack Obama announced the Administration's action plan, under the America's Great Outdoors initiative, to achieve lasting conservation of the outdoor spaces that power our nation's economy, shape our culture, and build our outdoor traditions. This initiative seeks to reinvigorate our approach to conservation and reconnect Americans, especially young people, with the lands and waters that are used for farming and ranching, hunting and fishing, and for families to spend quality time together. Recognizing that many of these places and resources are under intense pressure, the President established the America's Great Outdoors Initiative last April to work with the American people in developing a conservation and recreation agenda that makes sense for the 21st century.
This report is the product of 51 listening sessions across the nation—21 specifically with young people—consisting of more than 10,000 participants spanning all ages and backgrounds, plus more than 100,000 comments from citizens across the nation sharing with us your priorities for the lands and waters that you know best. We built this plan with your input and your involvement doesn't stop there.
On March 3, 2011, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lisa Jackson and I will continue the conversation by hosting the first America's Great Outdoors live chat. You can join by video before the chat or by Facebook during the chat. You can post your YouTube video questions by responding to the video above, or by sending your questions to email@example.com. To submit by Facebook during the live chat, sign on to our Facebook chat application on Thursday March 3rd at 4:30 pm (EST).
We look forward to talking to you!
Nancy Sutley is Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality
White House Blogs
- The White House Blog
- Middle Class Task Force
- Council of Economic Advisers
- Council on Environmental Quality
- Council on Women and Girls
- Office of Intergovernmental Affairs
- Office of Management and Budget
- Office of Public Engagement
- Office of Science & Tech Policy
- Office of Urban Affairs
- Open Government
- Faith and Neighborhood Partnerships
- Social Innovation and Civic Participation
- US Trade Representative
- Office National Drug Control Policy
- AIDS Policy
- Blueprint for an America Built to Last
- Civil Rights
- Defense
- Disabilities
- Economy
- Education
- Energy and Environment
- Equal Pay
- Ethics
- Faith Based
- Fiscal Responsibility
- Foreign Policy
- Grab Bag
- Health Care
- Homeland Security
- Immigration
- Innovation Fellows
- Inside the White House
- Middle Class Security
- Open Government
- Poverty
- Rural
- Seniors and Social Security
- Service
- Social Innovation
- State of the Union
- Taxes
- Technology
- Urban Policy
- Veterans
- Violence Prevention
- White House Internships
- Women
- Working Families
- Additional Issues


text:
Already a Bloomberg.com user?
Sign in with the same account.
Don't have an account? Sign up.
Help! I can't access my account.
Rob Atkinson is Founder and President of The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, a Washington, DC-based think tank. He is also author of The Past and Future of America's Economy: Long Waves of Innovation that Drive Cycles of Growth.  His focus is on IT and innovation and policy to support them. Devon Swezey is Project Director at The Breakthrough Institute and co-author of "Rising Tigers, Sleeping Giant"
©2015 Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved. Made in NYC Ad Choices


text:
Naperville School District 203 officials reiterated Monday night that no recommendation on a cell tower proposal will come before the board until at least September.
In the meantime, five residents of District 203 urged the School Board on Monday to stop any move to allow a cellular company to build on school property and focus on the safety and education of students.
Superintendent Dan Bridges said administrators are in a fact-finding phase and will continue to gather as much information as possible. Bridges told School Board members not to expect any until formal recommendation until September.
Until then, the district will continue to gather as much information as possible on the subject.
School Board President Jackie Romberg admitted the process has been very slow and deliberate.
"We owe it to the community to explore both sides," Romberg said.
Last November, National Wireless and AT&T approached District 203 for permission to erect a 100-foot pole near the water tower behind Lincoln Junior High in Naperville and a 75-foot pole at the front of Kennedy Junior High School in Lisle.
The 40- by 40-foot fenced space at Lincoln would include the tower as well as a small building to house equipment. At Kennedy, the tower would look like a flag pole surrounded by a 19- by 19-foot brick stand, where the equipment would be locked.
The tower at Lincoln could generate $3,000 a month with an annual 2.5 percent annual escalator clause with revenues totaling $1.2 million after 25 years, according to district reports. At Kennedy, the lease could be $2,500 month with an annual 2.5 percent annual escalator clause. If the district collected monthly payments, the total revenue after 25 years would be $1 million.
The opposition to the cellular towers is building, according to Lisle resident Ken Banas.
Banas and Sudha Srinivas, who also addressed the board Monday, were among the residents who spoke out against a cell tower proposal on Lisle Park District property that the district opted not to pursue.
Srinivas said cellular towers are not aligned to the core values and vision of the school district.
Banas asked board members to think about the ramifications of a student diagnosed with cancer and the lawsuits that could ensue.
He also suggested the board forgo the plan now to avoid wasting the administration's time and energy on studying every aspect of the subject.
Betsy DeLange, who lives in the Knolls of Huntington subdivision, said her neighborhood opposes the plan.
She said it is not about the aesthetics or the fear of falling property values, but more of a safety issue.
"Do we want to put our children at risk?" DeLange said.
Charles Brown urged the board to be careful of which studies it considers and look at which organization funded the work.
Rodd Elges said if money was the big issue facing the board, then he would do everything in his power to help the district find new revenue sources or get involved with a referendum.
"I'd rather raises taxes than put children at risk," Elges said.
Tags: Naperville School District 203


text:
New American Standard (NAS) | New International Version (NIV) |
29 In his days Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt went up to the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates. And King Josiah went to meet him, and when Pharaoh Neco saw him he killed him at Megiddo. | 29 While Josiah was king, Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt went up to the Euphrates River to help the king of Assyria. King Josiah marched out to meet him in battle, but Neco faced him and killed him at Megiddo. |
New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, California. All rights reserved. (New American Standard Version - Holy Bible) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


text:
Upgrade to the Flash 9 viewer for enhanced content, including the ability to browse & search through your favorite titles.
Click here to learn more!
"You don't have to agree with Said to admire him....His voice...is deep, rich and courageous in what is often a scripted and dishonest international dispute."—The New York Times Book Review
Soon after the Oslo accords were signed in September 1993 by Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization, Edward Said predicted that they would not lead to real peace. In this collection of essays, most written for Arab and European newspapers, Said uncovers the political mechanism—its strategy, personalities, and alliances—that advertises reconciliation in the Middle East while keeping peace out of the picture.
Said argues that the imbalance in power that forces Palestinians and Arab states to accept the concessions of the United States and Israel prohibits real negotiations and promotes the second-class treatment of Palestinians. His essays document what has really gone on in the occupied territories since the signing. They report worsening conditions for the Palestinian people, critique Yasir Arafat's self-interested and oppressive leadership, denounce Israel's refusal to recognize Palestine's past, and—in essays new to this edition—address the failed Camp David summit and the resulting unrest.
In this unflinching cry for civic justice and self-determination, Said promotes not a political agenda but a transcendent alternative: the peaceful coexistence of Arabs and Jews enjoying equal rights and shared citizenship.
"A powerful ground-level perspective on one of the greatest tragedies of our time."—Kirkus Reviews


text:
If you've ever had trouble finding a pair of sunglasses you like, Ray-Ban may have the solution to your picky problem.
They've just launched "Ray-Ban Remix" a new feature that lets you customize a pair of their iconic glasses to your content. Want mirrored lenses with tortoise shell frames and black matte legs? You can have them! I'm not sure why you'd want them, but you can have them. Once you've remixed your pair you can also engrave them with almost whatever you want (swears will be censored).


text:
South African anti-apartheid hero Nelson Mandela has now spent a month in the hospital.
As visitors from around the world share an outpouring of love and support for South Africa's first democratically elected president, there has also been a question of what his legacy will mean for both South Africa and the world.
Albany Law School Dean Penelope "Penny" Andrews grew up and began studying law in apartheid South Africa before coming to the U.S. in the 1980's.
The new book, After Mandela: The Struggle for Freedom in Post-Apartheid South Africa, provides a sobering portrait of a country caught between a democratic future and a political meltdown. Douglas Foster, a leading South Africa authority with early, unprecedented access to President Zuma and to the next generation in the Mandela family, traces the nation's entire post-apartheid arc.


text:
Crime In Stereo – Takbir lyrics
I am the twenty-two year war of the third Intifada.
I am the faithful, the grateful suicide bomber.
A daily hajj to a dead end job.
Brave to give faith to the non-believers.
We'll work.
We'll make it work.
We'll make them all believers.
A daily hajj to a dead end job.
Allahu Akbar.
The next world awaits.
Lyrics taken from http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/c/crime_in_stereo/takbir.html


text:
( Kerri Westenberg, MCT / December 9, 2011 )
Distance from Baltimore: 970 miles, about a two-hour flight Why it's hot: Pick an island - any island - from the Abacos to the Exumas to Grand Bahama, to name just a few. With average temperatures in the mid-70s, it doesn't matter which you choose. On Grand Bahama Island, nature lovers can enjoy scuba diving or hiking in Lucayan National Park. In Nassau, check out the historic downtown and straw market. Don't miss: The Atlantis Resort's Marine Habitat. It's one of the largest collections of marine life and aquarium exhibits in the world. With 14 lagoons and more than 50,000 aquatic animals, guests can explore caves, coral formations, and underwater ruins that highlight their occupants, including sea lions, barracudas, eels, alligators and more. Information: Visit www.bahamas.com or for more information about the Atlantis Resort, go to atlantis.com.


text:
Reviewed Marshmallow Crispy Treats
Aug 11, 2013 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"Made these with my daughter after we watched the show this morning. We love them with the extra marshmallows stirred in at the end.....it's great to have little blobs of marshmallow throughout!!!! And that little bit of extra salt really brings out the yumminess! Thanks for making ordinary rice Krispy treat extraordinary!!!!""


text:
South Union Street, Dundee DD1 4BY
Interactive map
When planning a leisure break, you want to see and do as much as you can in the time you have with your family and friends.
The map below shows places of interest you may want to visit during your stay at West Park.
Property Search Results
Showing 1 properties from 1 results.
Dundee Train Station
Railway Station


text:
Corel PaintShop Pro
A newer version of Corel PaintShop Pro is available.
Or, Learn More About Corel PaintShop ProOutstanding
Full user review
"Love It So Far"
So far this program seem to work pretty well. I can't say it's better than Photoshop Extended but it's not taking no back seat either. Got loads and tools to work with. Have to get use to learning the Photo Re-sizer in this program unlike a lot of the other programs of this type I use but I think this is something I can work around. Even the factory presets are pretty good and being able to add things such as the Butterflies and all is just another reason this program stands out and this is what I look for when choosing Photo Editors.
None I seen so far.
It's not Photoshop Extended but with this in mind I can say it's a pretty fair Editor at a price that's way below the pricy Photoshop Extended. For me it gets the job done or at least take my Photos to yet another level when leaving Photoshop Extended and every little bit does help when you are really into Photo Editing like myself. Like any program you put out on the market it has it's hits and misses and for me it has more hits than misses.


text:
The Global Intelligence Files,
files released so far...
Index pages
by Date of Document
Our Partners
Al Akhbar - Lebanon
Al Masry Al Youm - Egypt
Asia Sentinel - Hong Kong
Bivol - Bulgaria
Carta Capital - Brazil
CIPER - Chile
Dawn Media - Pakistan
L'Espresso - Italy
La Repubblica - Italy
La Jornada - Mexico
La Nacion - Costa Rica
Malaysia Today - Malaysia
McClatchy - United States
Nawaat - Tunisia
NDR/ARD - Germany
Owni - France
Pagina 12 - Argentina
Philip Dorling - Fairfax media contributor - Australia
Plaza Publica - Guatemala
Publica - Brazil
Publico.es - Spain
Rolling Stone - United States
Russian Reporter - Russia
Ta Nea - Greece
Taraf - Turkey
The Hindu - India
The Yes Men - Bhopal Activists
Sunday Star-Times - New Zealand
Community resources
courage is contagious
The Global Intelligence Files
On Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.
[OS] EGYPT/IRAN - Wednesday's papers: Threats surround Iran's nuclear program, constitutional amendments 'insufficient'
Released on 2012-10-12 10:00 GMT
Email-ID | 175088 |
Date | 2011-11-09 20:55:00 |
From | email@example.com |
To | email@example.com |
List-Name | email@example.com |
constitutional amendments 'insufficient'
Ali Abdel Mohsen
Wed, 09/11/2011 - 13:39
The fourth day of Eid proves to be somewhat of a slow news day, as
indicated by the lack of focus in the headlines of the nation's leading
publications, several of which feature soccer and film stories on their
front pages.
State-owned Al-Ahram leads with foreign news, its red headline proclaiming
"warnings of war approach Iran." The corresponding report details the
ongoing controversy regarding Iran's attempts to develop a nuclear
program, which, according to Al-Ahram "has threatened the entire region
with war." This comes following the publication of an International Atomic
Energy Agency confirming that Iran does indeed possess "military aspects
which will facilitate its procurement of nuclear weapons in the near
Ahram reports that the Israeli government's initial reaction to the
confirmation was to initiate a "military option," despite a statement by
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu - published in the following paragraph
of the article - in which he announced, "War is not a walk in the park ...
we have not decided on engaging in any military operation yet." Israeli
Minister of Foerign Affairs Avigdor Lieberman has called for "stricter
sanctions" to be imposed on Iran, specifically on its oil industries and
its central bank.
Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has responded to the unfolding
controversy by reasoning that "Iran does not need a nuclear bomb to
destroy the United States," and warned that America would "regret" any
attack waged against his country. He also pointed out the "obnoxiousness"
and "hypocrisy" of the American government's regulation of Iran's nuclear
ambitions while they continued to possess "thousand of nuclear warheads."
Al-Ahram's second lead story follows the headline "New, stringent, Arab
League policies against Assad's regime." the paper claims it has obtained
"exclusive" information the Arab League has informed the National Syrian
Opposition Council that league members will vote on new policies next
Saturday, "in light of the [ruling] regime's lack of commitment to the ...
agreed upon plan." Secretary General of the Arab League Nabil al-Araby is
scheduled to meet with a delegation of the Syrian Opposition Council
"within two days" to further discuss the plan, as well as the current
situation in Syria.
Al-Ahram's sister publication, state-run Al-Akhbar, leads with local news,
but gives more space to foreign affairs, specifically, the Syrian army's
"invasion" of the country's fourth-largest city, Hama. Below the paper's
coverage of the growing crisis between Iran and Israel - identical to
Al-Ahram's report - Al-Akhbar reports on the "Islamists and Muslim
Brotherhood Parties' rejection of al-Selmy's document," referring to the
list of "constitutional principles" written by Deputy Prime Minister Ali
al-Selmy. The coalition of parties has scheduled a press conference on
Wednesday, during which representatives will state all the reasons they
find Selmy's amendments insufficient, as explained in Al-Akhbar's report
by Ayman Nour, founder of the Al-Ghad Al-Gedeed (New Tomorrow) Party.
Meanwhile, independent dailies are more concerned with parliamentary
election news. The Higher Electoral Committee's announcement that "the
general prosecution will supervise investigations into any individual
accused of violating election regulations," makes Al-Dostour's headline.
Al-Shorouk focuses on the same committee's decision that there will be "no
penalty, or punishment, for judges refusing to supervise the parliamentary
elections." Both papers report that the committee will review the final
list of candidates on Friday, while the voter registration process for
Egyptians living abroad is set to begin Wednesday.
Al-Shorouk also leads with a report on the "Friday of the One Demand"
protest, scheduled for 18 November, which, according to the headline, has
"not received unanimous support from political forces." The paper claims
that the National Movement for Change as well as the Free Egyptian and
Egyptian Democratic parties have all announced their rejection of the
protest, while the Popular Coalition and the Dignity parties are still
"studying the matter" and will announce their decision within a few days'
time. The protest has been called for by a number of Islamic parties, in
response to the aforementioned constitutional amendments.
Leftist party paper Al-Wafd leads with a claim by sources within the
General Monetary Investigation that former First Lady Suzanne Mubarak
managed to "hide 80 percent of the Mubarak's fortune in the accounts of
relatives," before they could be frozen by authorities. The paper quotes
the anonymous source, who breaks down the fortune in question as
including, among other things, 20 companies and 15 villas, as well as a
large percentage of shares owned by Alaa and Gamal Mubarak in companies in
Cyprus and the Cayman Islands. Al-Wafd describes the former first lady's
actions as money laundering.
"American warns its expatriates from traveling to Egypt or residing in it
during the elections," reads the headline on independent daily Al-Tahrir's
front page. The United States Foreign Ministry has released a memo
advising its citizens to avoid Egypt until March 2012, the paper reports,
citing the general turbulence and instability of "the previous 9 months."
Al-Tahrir points out that this is only the most recent in a line of
several similar memos released by the US government in the past few
Al-Tahrir's report comes with a picture of perturbed-looking Obama, which
perhaps would have been more appropriate for the news item featured on
most of the days' front pages - Obama's embarrassing conversation with
French President Nicolas Sarkozy, in which the two leaders were overheard
complaining about Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. In a private
conversation, mistakenly broadcast to an audience of international
journalists at last week's G20 summit in Cannes, Sarkozy told Obama "I
cannot bear Netanyahu, he's a liar," to which Obama remarked that he had
to deal with the Israeli leader every day.
Siree Allers
Junior Tactical Analyst
221 W. 6th Street, Suite 400
Austin, TX 78701


text:
Eric The Moose
Senior Member
Because I played a game against someone who was really good with him. Here's a screenshot of the scoreboard. Nerf all of his abilities.
Your moms OP
good one rekitsu
Report Rekitsu for trolling.
Junior Member
Counter him with Teemo's cuteness
CCC Powerhead
CC him!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Shen Jing Ping
Interesting point, OP. I support this thread.
kavinh the third
had a game where this kass was literally a 1 man army he had 2/3 of the kills on his team he had a score like 25/4/10 funny thing is that after a while and we all caught up to his level we ended up killing him horribly. he even died to super minions cause he couldn't take one on.


text:
سلمى ·̮·̮'Twitter Statistics
Tracking since October 20, 2013
حساب متنوع .اكتب ما يروق لي .واقتبس ماهو رائع. واتابع كل ماهو جميل ~سبحان الله وبحمده سبحان الله العظيم~
You are on سلمى ·̮·̮''s Twitter stats page
We track these Twitter stats since October 20, 2013 . You can see how many followers سلمى ·̮·̮' lost or gained and what the prediction is for tomorrow or the next 15 days, together with all kinds of other stats like rank compared to all Twitter users, tweets etc.
Why don't you give it a try and compare سلمى ·̮·̮' to yourself ? Or if you are سلمى ·̮·̮' get even more feature rich & up-to-date stats with Premium & Pro Twitter Stats.
Twitter Counter is the #1 Twitter stats site powered by Twitter. It all started in June 12, 2008 and we grew rather rapidly because of our Twitter Counter badge. The button is a nice small image that shows your visitors how many followers you have on Twitter. Within a year the button was on many many blogs around the world and we displayed more than 100 million buttons in one month. We track follower stats for over 94 million users now.
"I just unlocked the 6-month graphs on Twitter Counter.
Find out more http://twittercounter.com/pages/you via @TheCounter #paidwithatweet"


text:
Loading stream...
Now Playing
Connect with Us
Podcasts & RSS Feeds
All Content |
View all podcasts & RSS feeds |
Most Active Stories
New England News
6:00 pm
Fri August 3, 2012
Massachusetts Governor Signs Bathroom Bill into Law
A new law gives people with medical conditions access to employee-only bathrooms at Massachusetts businesses if no public restrooms are available.
Gov. Deval Patrick this week signed the so-called restroom access bill. Massachusetts joins a dozen other states with similar laws.
The law's supporters say people with inflammatory bowel diseases need immediate access to a bathroom.
Only people with a doctor's note will be allowed access to employee-only facilities under the law.
The law requires only businesses with three or more employees to give people access to their facilities.
About 30,000 Massachusetts residents suffer from inflammatory bowel diseases.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
Related Content:
New England News


text:
October 1st at 5:30
Film & Media Studies Studio
315 Wilson Hall
Interested in a career in Film, Television, Entertainment, or Media? Accomplished industry professionals & members of DAEMA (Dartmouth Alumni in Entertainment & Media Association) will be visiting for an informal Q&A about careers in the business:
For more information on DAEMA, please visit www.dartmouthentertainment.org.
See you there!


text: ————————————————————————————— GRATZ v. BOLLINGER & GRUTTER v. BOLLINGER THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ADMISSIONS CASES A JURIST ONLINE SYMPOSIUMJOIN THE SYMPOSIUM! LOOKING AHEAD: THE FUTURE OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AFTER GRUTTER AND GRATZ Professor Susan Low Bloch Georgetown University Law Center CLICK FOR PRINTER FRIENDLY VERSION On June 23, 2003, the United States Supreme Court issued two extremely significant affirmative action cases. In one, Grutter v. Bollinger, the Court upheld the admissions program of the University of Michigan Law School. In the other, Gratz v. Bollinger, the Court found unconstitutional the admissions program of the Undergraduate School of the University of Michigan. This note will examine the Court's opinions in these two cases and will then assess their significance. Let's start with some context. The Supreme Court first addressed the issue of "affirmative action" or "benign discrimination" programs[1] in 1978 in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke[2]. In that landmark case, Allan Bakke, a rejected white applicant, was challenging the University of California at Davis' admission policy of reserving 16 of its 100 seats in the medical school class for certain minority students. In a very confusing set of six opinions, four Justices concluded that the program was constitutional[3]; four others held that it violated federal law[4]; and Justice Louis Powell alone said that consideration of race was not necessarily unconstitutional but that quotas were[5]. The result in the case, with Justice Powell's opinion controlling the outcome, was that there were five Justices who said race could be considered in school admissions, but also five Justices who struck down the particular program at issue."[6] For the next seventeen years, the Court debated about the appropriate standard by which to assess the constitutionality of these affirmative action programs. Finally, in 1995, in a 5-4 decision in Adarand v. Pena[7], the Court held that strict scrutiny was the appropriate standard for all governmental programs based on race, including those designed to help, not hinder, unrepresented minorities[8]. As is well-known, under strict scrutiny, those defending a program against an equal protection challenge must show that the program is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling government interest[9]. But until the Michigan cases, the Court had not had an opportunity to explain what strict scrutiny means in the context of affirmative action programs[10]. Would it be as strict as the scrutiny utilized to judge programs that disadvantage minorities so that, in the words of the late Gerald Gunther, it will be "strict in name but fatal in fact?" [11] Or would the standard applied to these "benign discrimination" programs be less strict? In Justice Sandra Day O'Connor's concurrence in Adarand, she specifically noted that in the context of affirmative action or benign discrimination, strict scrutiny would not necessarily be fatal[12]: Strict scrutiny is the proper standard for analysis of all racial classifications whether imposed by a federal, state or local actor. .. [But] it is not true that strict scrutiny is strict in theory but fatal in fact. The government is not disqualified from acting in response to the unhappy persistence of both the practice and the lingering effects of racial discrimination against minority groups in this country[13].Finally in 2003, the Michigan cases presented the Court with its first opportunity to address the question of the constitutionality of affirmative action programs in higher education since Bakke, as well as the first opportunity to apply the strict scrutiny test mandated by Adarand. As noted, there were in fact two different University of Michigan programs under attack: Barbara Grutter v. Lee Bollinger[14] challenged the law school's admissions program[15] and Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hamacher v. Lee Bollinger[16] challenged the undergraduate school's admissions program[17]. The University defended both programs by arguing that they were designed to achieve a diverse student body with students from a wide variety of social, ethnic, and racial backgrounds[18]. The opponents argued that this was not a compelling interest. But the Court, in an opinion by Justice O'Connor, made the very significant decision that the University's desire to achieve diversity in its student body was in fact a compelling governmental interest, relying heavily on the reasoning of Justice Powell's lone opinion in Bakke[19]. The Court then went on to find, 5-4, that the law school's nuanced, holistic consideration of race was sufficiently narrowly tailored to be constitutional[20]. The Court noted that "narrow tailoring does not require exhaustion of every conceivable race-neutral alternative. Nor does it require a university to choose between maintaining a reputation for excellence and fulfilling a commitment to provide educational opportunities to members of all racial groups."[21] The Court rejected the Bush Administration's argument that the law school's desire to achieve a "critical mass" of minority students was "a disguised quota."[22] Thus, the Court concluded that the law school program is constitutional[23]. But in the undergraduate case, the Court decided 6-3, in an opinion by Chief Justice Rehnquist, that the undergraduate system was not sufficiently narrowly tailored. The Court objected to the point system which had a scale of 1-150 points, gave 20 points to an applicant if he or she was a member of an underrepresented race - specifically African American, Hispanic, or Native American - and automatically admitted anyone with 100 or more points[24]. The problem with the point system, in the view of the six in the majority, was that it was too formulaic, failed to make the individualized assessments the law school made, and thus was not narrowly tailored[25]. In light of this result, the University has said that it will revise its undergraduate program to make it a more individualized assessment - not an easy task given that it receives more than 25,000 applications for 5,000 spots[26]. I was not surprised by the decision - in fact, I had predicted it. At a symposium in March 2003, I said I thought that Justice O'Connor would want to find one of the two programs constitutional[27]. As noted, Justice O'Connor had said earlier in Adarand that strict scrutiny, applied to affirmative action programs, need not necessarily be fatal and the Michigan cases gave her a chance to find one that could survive. Of the two programs, the law school program was the better crafted - after all, it was designed by law professors who were well aware of Supreme Court precedent. I did wonder if the Court might find that the idea of "critical mass" was too close to a quota, but, as noted, it didn't. And I wondered if the lack of a termination date would be a problem. But Justice O'Connor simply introduced her own idea that she expected that these programs will no longer be necessary in 25 years. As she expressed it: "We take the Law School at its word that it would 'like nothing better than to find a race-neutral admissions formula' and will terminate its race-conscious admissions program as soon as practicable. ... It has been 25 years since Justice Powell first approved the use of race to further an interest in student body diversity in the context of higher education. Since that time, the number of minority applicants with high grades and test scores has indeed increased. ... We expect that 25 years from now, the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary to further the interest approved today."[28] One of the striking features of these two Michigan cases is that they generated a total of thirteen opinions - six opinions in the law school case and seven in the undergraduate case. All nine justices wrote his or her own opinion in at least one of the cases; some of the Justices wrote separately in both cases. It was almost like the early days of seriatim opinions from the Court. Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote the principal dissenting opinion in the law school case, joined by all the dissenters - Justices Kennedy, Scalia, and Thomas. He accused the majority of improperly applying the strict scrutiny test and showing too much deference to the University's decisions: "Although the Court recites the language of our strict scrutiny analysis, its application of that review is unprecedented in its deference."[29] Justice Kennedy agreed, calling the law school's use of "critical mass" a disguised quota[30]. Justice Thomas wrote an impassioned dissent in the law school case, in which Justice Scalia joined. His opinion was 31 pages long, almost as long as Justice O'Connor's majority opinion. After quoting Frederick Douglass and accusing the majority of responding to "a faddish slogan of the cognoscenti"[31] in order to achieve what he derisively called "racial aesthetics,"[32] Thomas concluded that Michigan had shown "no compelling interest in having a law school at all, much less an elite one."[33] Since many graduates leave the state, Thomas opined, the "Law School's decision to be an elite institution does little to advance the welfare of the people of Michigan or any cognizable interest of the State of Michigan,"[34] obviously totally dismissing the judgment of the state's elected officials over all these years. He rejected racial preferences as destructive[35] and stigmatizing [36]. In his view, such preferences are unconstitutional now and will still be unconstitutional 25 years from now. In fact, he put his own "spin" on Justice O'Connor's 25 year statement, saying that the majority was giving universities a "25-year license to violate the Constitution"[37] and that he "agree[d] with the Court's holding that racial discrimination in higher education will be illegal in 25 years,"[38] not exactly what the Court said, as Justice Ginsburg pointed out in her concurrence[39]. Justice Scalia also wrote his own dissent in the law school case, in which Justice Thomas joined. He agreed with Justice Thomas that Michigan did not have a compelling interest in using racial preferences to seek diversity; in his view, if Michigan would simply stop being an elite institution that emphasized grades and high LSATs, it could have a more diverse class without preferences[40]. Scalia also predicted that these two cases would generate considerable future litigation, with the courts asked to decide whether a particular program was more like the constitutionally acceptable law school program or like the unconstitutional undergraduate program[41]. Justice Ginsburg wrote both a concurring opinion in the law school case and a dissent in the undergraduate case. In the law school case, her concurrence, joined by Justice Breyer, clarified the fact that, in her view, Justice O'Connor's proposed 25 year sunset idea was based on a "hope, but not [a firm] forecast,"[42] that such preferences will no longer be needed in 25 years. In Justice Ginsburg's dissent in the undergraduate case, in which she was joined by Justice Souter, she said she would have upheld the number-based program because it was open and honest, a system she preferred over one operated with "winks, nods, and disguises."[43] Justice Stevens, joined by Justice Souter, would have found that the named plaintiffs in the undergraduate case, Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hamacher, had no standing to challenge the undergraduate program[44]. Obviously, the majority disagreed and reached the merits[45]. The Michigan cases are significant for several reasons. First, they will affect all public higher education in the country. Second, because of federal laws, they will also impact all private institutions that receive federal funding[46]. Third, they will affect the military academies and the Court was clearly impressed by the amicus brief of many former military leaders who argued that it was "essential" to have affirmative action in both the military academies and the best schools' ROTC programs so as to get a sufficient number of well-educated minority officers in the military[47]. Fourth, the decision will affect private corporations who want a diverse workforce and many of the Fortune 500 filed amicus briefs on the side of the University [48]. Indeed, Justice O'Connor's majority opinion in Grutter was notable in its reliance on and quotations from the many amicus briefs filed in the case, especially those from the Fortune 500 and the retired military officials [49]. Finally, in addition to influencing all the admission policies of all institutions of higher education, the decisions are likely to have a significant impact on the appointment of any new Justice to the Supreme Court. Determining a nominee's views on affirmative action will now be at least as important as his or her views on abortion. The appointment process will be particularly intense if the vacancy is Justice O'Connor's seat, since she has been the key vote in both the affirmative action and the abortion cases. Fifty years after Brown v. Board of Education, our country is still struggling with the aftermath of years of slavery and segregation. In a 1986 speech to the Second Circuit Judicial Conference, Justice Thurgood Marshall, the man who brought us the Brown case, urged Americans to "face the simple fact that there are groups in every community which are daily paying the cost of the history of American injustice. The argument against affirmative action is ... an argument in favor of leaving that cost to lie where it falls. Our fundamental sense of fairness, particularly as it is embodied in the guarantee of equal protection under the laws, requires us," Marshall said, "to make an effort to see that those costs are shared equitably while we continue to work for the eradication of the consequences of discrimination. Otherwise," Marshall concluded, "we must admit to ourselves that so long as the lingering effects of inequality are with us, the burden will [unfairly] be borne by those who are least able to pay."[50] By approving the constitutionality of some enlightened methods designed to diversify higher education and mitigate the ill effects of chronic discrimination, the United States Supreme Court has, this year, given force and volume to Justice Marshall's warning. How long his clarion cry will be heard will depend significantly on upcoming appointments to the Supreme Court. Stay tuned. [1] The term "affirmative action" was first used by President John F. Kennedy when he created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1961 and required that projects receiving federal funds take "affirmative action" to ensure that employment decisions are free from racial discrimination. Exec. Order No. 10925, 26 Fed. Reg. 1977 (March 6, 1961). Slowly, the idea of affirmative action evolved to encompass programs that actively sought to increase the participation of racial minorities. For example, in 1965 pursuant to the authorization of Executive Order 11246, the Department of Labor established the Office of Federal Contract Compliance which required contractors to demonstrate proactive plans to ensure the inclusion of minorities in their workforce before the awarding of government contracts. In 1970, the Labor Department required employers with fifty or more employees and $50,000 in government business to develop "specific goals and timetables" to correct for the under utilization of minority workers. For a history of these efforts, See Albert G. Mosley & Nicholas Capaldi, Affirmative Action: Social Justice or Unfair Preference (1996); Laurence H. Tribe, American Constitutional Law, vol. II, s. 16 (3d ed. 2000). The term "benign discrimination" seems to have been used by the Court for the first time in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978). [2] Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978). Prior to Bakke, the Court seemed to want to let the issue percolate among the lower courts. See E.g., Johnson v. Comm. on Examinations, 407 U.S. 915 (1972) (denying certiorari in a case challenging the Arizona State Bar's reconsideration and admission to the bar of failing minority applicants while denying admission to white applicants with higher scores); Defunis v. Odegaard, 416 U.S. 312 (1974) (granting certiorari but then dismissing as moot a case challenging the constitutionality of the admission program of the University of Washington Law School on the ground that it favored some minority applicants; case dismissed as moot because by the date of oral argument, plaintiff was in his final quarter of law school (having been admitted pursuant to a court order) and the school conceded that he would be permitted to finish that quarter regardless of the Court's ruling). [3] Justices Brennan, White, Marshall and Blackmun concluded that race may be used as a factor in admissions decisions and that overcoming substantial chronic minority under-representation in the medical profession is an acceptable justification for such preferences. 438 U.S. at 325-26. [4] Justice Stevens, Chief Justice Burger, Justice Stewart and Justice Rehnquist believed that it was not necessary to decide, in this case, whether race could ever constitutionally be a factor in admissions decisions because the admission policy at issue here violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §2000a). 438 U.S. at 411-12. [5] 438 US at 319, 320. [6] 438 U.S. at 271 (Powell, J. , announcing opinion of the Court): "For the reasons stated in the following opinion, I believe that so much of the judgment of the California court as holds petitioner's special admissions program unlawful and directs that respondent to be admitted to the Medical School must be affirmed. For the reasons expressed in a separate opinion, my Brothers THE CHIEF JUSTICE, Mr. Justice STEWART, Mr. Justice REHNQUIST and Mr. Justice STEVENS concur in this judgment. I also conclude for the reasons stated in the following opinion that the portions of the court's judgment enjoining petitioner from according any consideration to race in its admissions process must be reversed. For reasons expressed in separate opinions, my Brothers Mr. Justice BRENNAN, Mr. Justice WHITE, Mr. Justice MARSHALL, and Mr. Justice BLACKMUN concur in this judgment. Affirmed in part and reversed in part." [7] Adarand v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995). [8] Adarand overruled the 1990 case of Metro Broadcasting v. FCC, 497 U.S. 547 (1990) where the Court, also by a 5-4 vote in an opinion by Justice William Brennan, had held that affirmative action programs adopted by the federal government should be judged by the more lenient standard of intermediate scrutiny. [9] Adarand at 227. Earlier, in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469 (1989), the Court held that affirmative action programs adopted by state and local governments should be judged by a strict scrutiny standard. Metro Broadcasting had distinguished federal programs from stat and local programs and held that federal programs should be judged according to the more lenient standard of intermediate scrutiny. Adarand overruled that aspect of Metro Broadcasting and decided that all government programs, including those adopted by the federal government, should be judged by strict scrutiny. See Laurence H. Tribe, American Constitutional Law, vol. II, § 16 (3d ed. 2000); Isaac Simon, Constitutional Theory Building in the Context of the Fourteenth Amendment: The History of Affirmative Action, 23 Chicano-Latino L. Rev. 113, (2002). [10] The Adarand case went up and down the federal judiciary several times, receiving Supreme Court scrutiny two more times, but on none of these trips did the Court reach the issue on the merits. See Adarand Constructors v. Slater, 528 U.S. 216 (2000)(reversing 10th circuit's decision that Adarand's appeal was moot); Adarand Constructors v. Mineta, 532 U.S. 941 (2001) (dismissing the writ as improvidently granted). [11] Gerald Gunther, The Supreme Court, 1971 Term--Foreword: In Search of Evolving Doctrine on a Changing Court: A Model for a Newer Equal Protection, 86 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 8 (1972). [12] Adarand, 515 U.S. at 202 (O'Connor concurring). [13] Id. Interestingly, Justice Kennedy did not join this part of O'Connor's opinion, but did join the rest of it. [14] Grutter v. Bollinger, No. 02-241 (S. Ct. Jun. 23, 2003). . [15] Grutter v. Bollinger, 137 F.Supp. 2d. 821 (E.D. Mich. 2001) (The District Court ruled in favor of petitioners and held that the law school's consideration of race and ethnicity in its admissions decisions violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1965 because seeking to achieve student diversity was not a compelling government al interest and that, in any event, the law school's policy was not narrowly tailored to further such an objective), reversed by Grutter v. Bollinger, 288 F.3d 732 (6th Cir. 2002) ( Law school's admission policy was valid because it was narrowly tailored to serve a compelling interest in achieving a diverse student body). [16] Gratz v. Bollinger, No. 02-516 (S. Ct. Jun. 23, 2003). [17] After Gratz and Hamacher filed their suit against President Bollinger for discrimination in the undergraduate admissions program and the University sought to justify its program as an effort to get a diverse student body, a group of prospective minority applicants to the University sought to intervene to justify the program as one to remedy past discrimination. The District Court denied the motion in Gratz v. Bollinger, 183 F.R.D. 209 (E.D. Mich 1998), but the Sixth Circuit reversed. Grutter v Bollinger, 188 F.3d 394 (6th Cir. 1999), on consolidated appeal with the law school case. After this preliminary skirmishing, both parties moved for summary judgment. In Gratz v Bollinger, 122 F.Supp.2d 811, (E.D. Mich, 2000), the District Court held that the University could consider race as a factor in student selection in order to further the objective of obtaining diversity in the student body. However, the University's past (1995-1998) practice of reserving some seats for minorities and using separate scoring grids for white and minority applicants was an unconstitutional quota and violated the equal protection rights of the white applicants. Its revised program that began in 1999 was sufficiently narrowly tailored to be constitutional. Thus, the Court granted Plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment with respect to the admissions programs in existence from 1995 through 1998, and granted University Defendants' motion for summary judgment with respect to the admissions programs for 1999 and 2000. Thereafter, in Gratz v Bollinger, 135 F.Supp.2d 790 (E.D.Mich. 2001), the Court considered Defendant-Intervenors' argument that the admissions programs passed constitutional muster as narrowly tailored means of remedying past and current discrimination by the University. Although the University had never claimed that the admissions programs were implemented to remedy past discrimination, the Sixth Circuit, in allowing Defendant-Intervenors to join this action, found it persuasive "that the University is unlikely to present evidence of past discrimination by the University itself or of the disparate impact of some current admissions criteria, and that these may be important and relevant factors in determining the legality of a race-conscious admissions policy." 188 F.3d at 401. The District Court interpreted that statement to require that the Defendant-Intervenors be given the opportunity to prove that remedying discrimination was the "actual" purpose behind the admissions programs. The District Court then found that Defendant-Intervenors failed to present sufficient evidence to create a genuine issue of material fact in support of their claim and granted summary judgment to the Plaintiffs. In Gratz v. Bollinger, 277 F.3d 803 (6th Cir. 2001) the Court of Appeals consolidated the appeals for both the law school and the undergraduate cases involving both the original defendants and the intervening defendants and held a hearing en banc on December 6, 2001. On May 14, 2002, in Grutter v. Bollinger 288 F.3d 732, the Sixth Circuit issued an opinion in the law school case but never issued a decision on the merits in Gratz. On December 2, 2002, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in the law case as well as the undergraduate case, notwithstanding no decision by the Sixth Circuit. Gratz v. Bollinger, 123 S.Ct. 602 (Mem). The Supreme Court heard arguments in both cases on April 1, 2003 and decided both on June 23, 2003. [18] Grutter v. Bollinger, No. 02-241 (J. O'Connor quoting Brief for Respondents Bollinger at App. 10) ("Seeking to 'admit a group of students who individually and collectively are among the most capable,' the Law School looks for individuals with 'substantial promise for success in law school' and 'a strong likelihood of succeeding in the practice of law and contributing in diverse ways to the well-being of others.' App. 110. More broadly, the Law School seeks 'a mix of students with varying backgrounds and experiences who will respect and learn from each other'. Ibid." [19] Id. at 13. The Court found it unnecessary to decide whether Justice Powell's opinion is binding under the rationale of Marks v. United States, 430 U.S. 188 (1977) at 193, noting that the Marks inquiry had "baffled and divided the lower courts that have considered it," id. at 13, and that the majority here was independently concluding that diversity was in fact a compelling governmental interest. Ibid. [20] Gratz v. Bollinger, No. 02-516 (S. Ct. Jun. 23, 2003). [21] Id. At 57. In the opinions of Justices Scalia and Thomas, writing in dissent, the University did have to choose between being committed to excellence and seeking a diverse student body. See infra at notes 31-41 [22] U.S.Amicus. Brief Jan. 17 2003, Brief for United States as Amicus Curiae Supporting Petitioner (No. 02-516) ( " Not only does the Equal Protection Clause require the government to consider and employ efficacious race-neutral alternatives, but it also demands that any use of race be otherwise carefully calibrated and narrowly tailored. Efforts to use quotas to achieve predetermined levels of racial participation are the very antithesis of such narrow tailoring. However, respondents' admissions policy uses disguised quotas to ensure that each entering class includes a predetermined "critical mass" of certain racial minorities. This Court has repeatedly condemned quotas as unconstitutional, and respondents cannot escape the reach of those cases by pursuing a purportedly flexible, slightly amorphous "critical mass" in lieu of the kind of rigid numerical quotes struck down by the Court in Bakke. In practice, respondents' pursuit of a "critical mass" operates no differently than more rigid quotas. Any variations in results from year to year owe more to respondents' inability to predict acceptance rates and total admissions with unfailing accuracy than to any inherent flexibility in the quotas".) [23] Voting with the majority were Justices Ruth Ginsburg, David Souter, Stephen Breyer, and John Paul Stevens. Dissenting were Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Justices Clarence Thomas, Anthony Kennedy, and Antonin Scalia. [24] An applicant can score a maximum of 150 points. Each application receives points based on high school grade point average, standardized test scores, academic quality of an applicant's high school, strength or weakness of high school curriculum, in-state residency, alumni relationship, personal essay, and personal achievement or leadership. Up to 110 points can be assigned for academic performance, and up to 40 points can be assigned for the other, nonacademic factors. Michigan residents, for example, receive 10 points, and children of alumni receive 4. Admissions counselors can assign an outstanding essay up to 3 points and can award up to 5 points for an applicant's personal achievement, leadership or public service. An applicant automatically receives a 20 point bonus if he or she possesses any one of the following "miscellaneous" factors: membership in an underrepresented minority group; attendance at a predominantly minority or disadvantaged high school; or recruitment for athletics. Only one such 20 point bonus can be given per applicant. The resulting number is treated according to the following admissions dispositions: 100-150 (admit); 95-99 (admit or postpone); 90-94 (postpone or admit); 75-89 (delay or postpone); 74 and below (delay or reject). [25] Gratz v. Bollinger, No. 02-516 (S. Ct. Jun. 23, 2003) at 14. ("We find that the University's policy, which automatically distributes 20 points, or one-fifth of the points needed to guarantee admission, to every single "underrepresented minority" applicant solely because of race, is not narrowly tailored to achieve the interest in educational diversity that respondents claim justifies their program.") The six in the majority were Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justices Kennedy, Scalia, Thomas, O'Connor, and Breyer. Dissenting were Justices Ginsburg, Souter, and Stevens. As noted infra at , Justice Breyer only concurred in the judgment. He did not join the majority opinion. See Gratz, No. 02-516 (J. Breyer concurring in judgment) ("I concur in the judgment of the Court though I do not join its opinion.") [26] In an interview on June 23rd, 2003 with University of Michigan President, Mary Sue Coleman, CNN Anchor Judy Woodroof asked Coleman what effect she thought the Supreme Court's ruling would have on Michigan's undergraduate admissions policy. Coleman responded with " Well, what we may do is to fashion our undergraduate policy along the lines of the law school policy, which the Court said is fine and said that the law school policy is constitutional. And what that means is, it's a more individualized attention to every single applicants€¦ we believe that we can do this in a way that the Court has found constitutional. And our other policy, the earlier one that the Court struck down, was a screening device, because we get so many applications. So what we may have to do is to have more admissions counselors, hire more people for the undergraduate admissions, do more intensive work. ¦And I want to let students know that now we'll be looking, using a slightly different policy but we're going to giver every application a fair look." [27] See transcript of American University Symposium of March 2003- Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education (on file with author). [28] Grutter v. Bollinger, No. 02-241 (S.Ct. June 23, 2003) at 64. [29] Id. at 72 ( Rehnquist, dissenting) [30] Id. at 87 ("The dissenting opinion by THE CHIEF JUSTICE, which I join in full, demonstrates beyond question why the concept of critical mass is a delusion used by the Law School to mask its attempt to make race an automatic factor in most instances and to achieve numerical goals indistinguishable from quotas."). [31] Id. at 104, 105. (Thomas, J. Dissenting) [32] Id. at 113. [33] Id. at 118. (emphasis in original). [34] Id. at 121. [35] ld. At 110. (citing Adarand Construction v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200, 240 (1995) (Thomas, J., Concurring in part and concurring in judgment). ("Purchased at the price of immeasurable human suffering, the equal protection principle reflects our Nation's understanding that such classifications ultimately have a destructive impact on the individual and our society."). [36] Id. at 144, 145. ("When blacks take positions in the highest places of government, industry, or academia, it is an open question today whether their skin color played a part in their advancement. The question itself is the stigma - because either racial discrimination did play a role, in which case the person may be deemed "otherwise unqualified," or it did not, in which case asking the question itself unfairly marks those blacks who would succeed without discrimination.") [37] Id. at 140. [38] Id. [39] See infra. [40] Id. at 99 (Scalia, J. concurring in part and dissenting in part.) ("I also join Parts I through VII of JUSTICE THOMAS's opinion. I find particularly unanswerable his central point: that the allegedly "compelling state interest" at issue here is not the incremental "educational benefit" that emanates from the fabled "critical mass" of minority students, but rather Michigan's interest in maintaining a "prestige" law school whose normal admissions standards disproportionately exclude blacks and other minorities. If that is a compelling state interest everything is."). [41] Id. at 100, 101. [42] Id. at 69. (Ginsburg, J., concurring) [43] Gratz v. Bollinger, No. 02-516 (S. Ct. June 23, 2003) at 32. (Ginsburg, J. Dissenting) [44] Id. (Stevens, J. dissenting). Justice Stevens argued that neither of the two named petitioners had standing in this suit. After being denied admission to the University of Michigan, both Gratz and Hamacher enrolled in, and have since graduated from, other universities. In his complaint, Hamacher alleged that he intended to apply to transfer to the University of Michigan if the discriminatory admissions program was eliminated. Justice Stevens contended that the use of race in the undergraduate transfer admissions differs from its use of race in the undergraduate freshman admissions, so Hamacher lacks standing to represent absent class members challenging the latter. Although Hamacher's graduation from another university does not destroy any standing he may have had at the filing of this action, Hamacher did not actually apply for admission as a transfer student, which Stevens argued makes his claim of future injury at best 'conjectural or hypothetical' rather than 'real and immediate.' [45] Gratz v. Bollinger, No. 02-516 (Rehnquist, J., writing for the majority). The majority rejected Justice Stevens' contention that, because Hamacher did not actually apply for admission as a transfer student, his future injury claim was conjectural or hypothetical rather than real and immediate. The majority said that the "injury in fact" necessary to establish standing in this type of case is the denial of equal treatment resulting from the obstacle, not the ultimate inability to obtain the benefit. In such a case, the majority indicated that to establish standing, a party need only demonstrate that he is able and ready to perform and that a discriminatory policy prevents him from doing so on an equal basis. Because Hamacher demonstrated that he was "able and ready" to apply as a transfer student should the University cease to use race in undergraduate admissions, he therefore had standing to seek prospective relief with respect to the University's continued use of race in undergraduate admissions. The majority also rejected Justice Stevens' contention that the use of race in the undergraduate transfer admissions differed from the University's use of race in its freshmen admissions and that Hamacher lacked standing to represent absent class members challenging the latter. It noted that the criteria used to determine whether a transfer applicant will contribute to diversity are identical to those used to evaluate freshmen applicants. Because of this, Hamacher's personal stake, in view of both his past injury and the potential injury he faced at the time of certification, demonstrated that he could maintain the action. [46] As Justice O'Connor specifically noted in her majority opinion in Grutter, not only did the law school program satisfy the Equal Protection Clause challenge, it also survived the challenges under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1965 and 42 USC 1981, since the prohibitions in both of these statutes are co-extensive with the Equal Protection Clause. Grutter v. Bollinger, 02-241 (S.Ct. June 23, 2003) at 65. Conversely, in the undergraduate case, the Court held that because the program violated the Equal Protection Clause, it also violated Title VI and 42 U.S.C. 1981. [47] Amicus.Brief Feb 21, 2003, Consolidated Brief of Lt. Gen. Julius W. Becton, Jr., Adm. Dennis Blair, Maj. Gen. Charles Bolden, H (NO. 02-241, 02-516) [48] Amicus.Brief Feb 24, 2003, Motion for leave to file Amicus Curiae Brief and Brief of Exxon Mobil Corporation; Brief of Amici Curiae 65 Leading American Businesses in Support of Respondents; Amicus Brief of General Motors Corporation as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents; Brief of Amici Curiae Media Companies in Support of Respondents, (No. 02-241). [49] See Grutter v. Bollinger, No. 02-241 (S. Ct. June 23, 2003) at 18-20. [50] Annual Judicial Conference Second Judicial Circuit of the United States, 115 F.R.D. 349 (1986). Susan Low Bloch is a professor at Georgetown University Law Center, where she teaches Constitutional Law. September 5, 2003


text:
I just thought it would be cool for everyone to show what they got. Maybe it will give others ideas of what they want or like, and might start up some cool convo's.
A person who owns a firearm is a free man,A person who dosen't is a slave to there Country.Think about it.
Join FirearmsTalk.com Today - It's Free!
Are you a firearms enthusiast? Then we hope you will join the community. You will gain access to post, create threads, private message, upload images, join groups and more. Firearms Talk is owned and operated by fellow firearms enthusiasts. We strive to offer a non-commercial community to learn and share information.
Join FirearmsTalk.com Today! - Click Here
Lucky!! I'm extremely jealous, the only pic that I have at the moment is of my .223, I'll have some more next week after my trip though..
They are missing bayonets?
Just finished this one:
Yeah, sweet huh?
pretty much
Here ya go
DON'T BUY DELL!!!!! BEWARE!!! The toes you step on today may be connected to the ass you kiss tomorrow. PM Tango about his upcoming SHARTFOO courses.


text:
The information in this article applies to:
The label that displays my Living Area has disappeared. How can I restore its display?
There are two reasons why the Living Area label in a plan might not display. The first is that the label exists, but is turned off; the second reason is that the label was deleted.
If the Living Area label still does not display, it may have been deleted. If this is the case, it can be restored in one of two ways.
If you still can't recover the Living Area label, save the plan; close Chief Architect; and then reopen the program and try the above steps again.
Finally, you can also place a text object and insert the Living Area macro into it.


text:
Mia Wasikowska Latest to Join Richard Ayoade's 'The Double'
Casting Couch By Nathan Adams on February 1, 2012 | Comments (1)The last time we heard about director Richard Ayoade's follow-up to his quirky and likable teen drama Submarine, we were hit with the news that Jesse Eisenberg had been cast in the lead. The Double is based on a Fyodor Dostoyevsky novella called "The Double: A Petersburg Poem," which is a trippy tale about an average Joe who's being followed around by his exact double, an evil doppelganger intent on ruining his life. Eisenberg, of course, is playing the lead and the lead's evil twin, which is exciting in itself; but now that THR is reporting that up-and-coming young actress Mia Wasikowska is also joining the cast, my excitement surrounding this one has, well, doubled. Seeing as this is less a direct adaptation of Dostoyevsky's novella and more a work written by Ayoade and Avi Korine that's inspired by the original story, it's hard to say what role Wasikowska will actually be playing in the film. But seeing as she's a major actress, I guess we can infer that it's going to be a large one? What THR does seem to know for sure is that Ayoade promises that his film is "funny, frightening and dream-like" and it will "reflect on loneliness and our need to love and be loved." Sounds like The Double is going to share some themes with Submarine. Is this the first glimpse we're going to get at Ayoade the auteur? Couple this onscreen duo with the satiric wit that Ayoade displayed in his first film, […]
Richard Ayoade Has Cast Jesse Eisenberg Twice for 'The Double'
Casting Couch By Nathan Adams on August 5, 2011 | Comments (2)The Double has only just been announced, and already there's a lot to like about this project. Directed by Richard Ayoade, starring Jesse Eisenberg, and adapted from a novella by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, this is a project with a pretty strong pedigree. If you've never heard of Ayoade, he's not only one of the stars of the BBC comedy series The IT Crowd, he's also the director of the feature film Submarine, which got a limited release in the United States earlier this year and probably didn't get seen by enough people. It was a quirky look at a coming of age young man, kind of in the vein of a Harold and Maude or a Rushmore. Fyodor Dostoyevsky is the challenging but rewarding Russian author whose work you've probably been assigned and hopefully didn't avoid at some point in your academic career. This film will be adapted from his novella "The Double: A Petersburg Poem", which is either a surreal story where its main character is followed around by an exact double of himself that tries to ruin his life, or a look at the schizophrenic breakdown of a man who is hallucinating that an exact double of himself is following him around and ruining his life. And Jesse Eisenberg, well hell, you know who he is. He will most likely be doing his usual, nervous and neurotic shtick for this film, but this time doubly so. Looks like it might be time to call up his old co-worker Armie […]
Neil Miller
Scott Beggs
Rob Hunter
Kate Erbland
Christopher Campbell


text:
The Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac refinancing program for homeowners who owe more than their properties are worth needs to expand again to cover more borrowers, the secretary of Housing and Urban Development and Senate Democrats said today.
The Home Affordable Refinance Program, known as HARP, reduces some fees and waives risk for lenders who refinance loans that they service for borrowers with less than 20 percent equity in their homes. Homeowners with more equity should be allowed to participate and risk should be waived for lenders who refinance loans now handled by other servicers, HUD Secretary Shaun Donovan said today in Washington.
"A homeowner who actually has more equity in their home is, if anything, a lower-risk borrower relative to those borrowers who would be underwater in their loans," Donovan said at a hearing of the Senate Banking Committee. "There's a good economic case for doing this. It's also a question of fairness."
Calibrating foreclosure-prevention programs so that servicers and borrowers will take advantage of them has been a struggle for regulators and the administration of President Barack Obama. HARP was started with a goal of reaching 5 million borrowers. As of April, 1.1 million borrowers had been helped.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency, the independent agency overseeing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, in January unveiled a set of changes to the program, including allowing borrowers to qualify no matter how much their loans exceed the value of their homes, waiving some fees, and promising lenders a break from the warranties they sign when they originate certain loans.
Impact Awaited
The impact of those changes, which went into effect in March for most lenders, is unclear. The largest mortgage servicers said they received 750,000 applications for the updated program, known as HARP 2.0, Donovan said.
Still, a Federal Reserve survey of loan officers released last week found that almost half said their banks had "very little participation in HARP."
Senator Robert Menendez, a New Jersey Democrat, said he and California Democrat Barbara Boxer would soon introduce a bill to expand HARP to as many as 17.5 million more borrowers. The bill would streamline refinancing for borrowers with more than 20 percent equity and would encourage competition among lenders by waiving warranties when they refinance loans. Borrowers end up paying higher fees when they must refinance through the lender who services the loan, Menendez said.
Some of those changes could be made administratively by the FHFA, Donovan said. Still, "to eliminate legal uncertainty," Congress should also pass legislation mandating the revisions, he said.
More Buyback Demands
It is unclear how far FHFA will be willing to go to amend the program. Giving a break from warranties in HARP 2.0 was an about-face for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The taxpayer-owned companies can revoke their guarantees for even minor infractions and force lenders to buy back loans deemed defective. The companies have increased buyback demands as they aggressively work to control costs.
Obama will talk about the need to expand refinancing efforts during a visit to Nevada this week, Donovan said.
"There's a real urgency here because interest rates today are at the lowest level they've ever been," Donovan said. "All expectations are that this window of record-low interest rates may not last a significant period of time."
To contact the reporter on this story: Clea Benson in Washington at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Maura Reynolds at firstname.lastname@example.com