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Development and application of ocean color algorithms for estimating particulate organic carbon in the Southern Ocean from satellite observations
E-Print Network (OSTI)
and C. R. McClain (1998), Ocean color chlorophyll algorithmsand C. R. McClain (1998), Ocean color chlorophyll algorithmsand M. Culver (2000), Ocean color chlorophyll a algorithms
Allison, David Benjamin
Geophys. Res. , 106 , 31489- Volk, T. , and M. I. Hoffert (waters, Biogeosciences, Volk, T. and M. I. Hoffert (1985),oceanic biological pump [Volk and Hoffert, 1985; Longhurst
Extreme wave height estimation for ocean engineering applications in the Gulf of Mexico
Recent hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico (e.g., Ivan, Dennis, Katrina, Rita and Ike) were observed to develop wave conditions that were near or exceeded the predicted 100-year conditions. As a result, many offshore facilities, as well as coastal infrastructure, which were designed to withstand the 100-year condition, were damaged. New estimates of extreme conditions, which incorporate recently observed maxima, are needed to provide better guidelines for design of coastal and offshore structures. Berek et al. (2007) have used modeled data to develop new criteria, but these estimates can be very sensitive to the data and to the statistical methods used in the development. Berek's estimates also do not cover the entire Gulf of Mexico. We have developed updated estimates of the 100-year extreme wave conditions for the entire Gulf of Mexico using a more comprehensive approach. First, the applicability of standard parametric wind models was examined and appropriate adjustments to the Rankine vortex model were developed to reduce the wind field errors during hurricane conditions. The adjusted winds reduced the error by up to 25 percent compared to the original Rankine vortex model. To obtain reliable wave data, merged wind fields were generated using the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 project modeled wind data for background wind and the parametric wind model for hurricane conditions. Next, the SWAN wave model was used for the 51-year period from 1958 to 2008 along with multiple statistical methods (Gumbel, Weibull and GEV-Generalized Extreme Value distribution). The effect of the recent hurricane season (2004-2008) shows that maximum 100-year wave height values and their distribution changes. A resampling technique (bootstrap) is used to evaluate and select the optimum statistical method to estimate more appropriate extreme wave conditions.
Jeong, Chan Kwon
Application of Oceanic Heat Content Estimation to Operational Forecasting of Recent Atlantic Category 5 Hurricanes
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Research investigating the importance of the subsurface ocean structure on tropical cyclone intensity change has been ongoing for several decades. While the emergence of altimetry-derived sea height observations from satellites dates back to the ...
Michelle Mainelli; Mark DeMaria; Lynn K. Shay; Gustavo Goni
Adjusting Internal Model Errors through Ocean State Estimation
Oceanic state estimation is a powerful tool to estimate internal model parameters simultaneously with the model�s initial conditions and surface forcing field that jointly would bring a model into consistency with time-varying large-scale ocean ...
Detlef Stammer
A Diagnostic Model for Mixed Layer Depth Estimation with Application to Ocean Station P in the Northeast Pacific
This paper presents a simple diagnostic model for estimating mixed layer depth based solely on the one-dimensional heat balance equation, the surface heat flux, and the sea surface temperature. The surface fluxes drive heating or cooling of the ...
Richard E. Thomson; Isaac V. Fine
Estimating Mixed Layer Depth from Oceanic Profile Data
Estimates of mixed layer depth are important to a wide variety of oceanic investigations including upper-ocean productivity, air�sea exchange processes, and long-term climate change. In the absence of direct turbulent dissipation measurements, ...
Production and analysis of a Southern Ocean state estimate
A modern general circulation model of the Southern Ocean with one-sixth of a degree resolution is optimized to the observed ocean in a weighted least squares sense. Convergence toward the state estimate solution is carried ...
Mazloff, Matthew R
Historical Ocean Subsurface Temperature Analysis with Error Estimates
An objective analysis of monthly ocean subsurface temperatures from 1950 to 1998 is carried out. The analysis scheme and the results with estimated analysis errors are presented.
Masayoshi Ishii; Masahide Kimoto; Misako Kachi
Sensitivity analysis, ocean state estimation and diagnostics in the California current
4.3 Physical Ocean Model Simulations . . . . . . . . . . .3 xv the California Estimating ocean states for Aprilusing the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) data
Song, Hajoon
Estimating Oceanic Turbulence Dissipation from Seismic Images
Seismic images of oceanic thermohaline finestructure record vertical displacements from internal waves and turbulence over large sections at unprecedented horizontal resolution. Where reflections follow isopycnals, their displacements can be used ...
W. Steven Holbrook; Ilker Fer; Raymond W. Schmitt; Daniel Lizarralde; Jody M. Klymak; L. Cody Helfrich; Robert Kubichek
Estimates of Cabbeling in the Global Ocean
Owing to the larger thermal expansion coefficient at higher temperatures, more buoyancy is put into the ocean by heating than is removed by cooling at low temperatures. The authors show that, even with globally balanced thermal and haline surface ...
Julian J. Schanze; Raymond W. Schmitt
Estimating the Meridional Energy Transports in the Atmosphere and Ocean
The poleward energy transports in the atmosphere�ocean system are estimated for the annual mean and the four seasons based on satellite measurements of the net radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere, atmospheric transports of energy at ...
B. C. Carissimo; A. H. Oort; T. H. Vonder Haar
Estimating Internal Wave Energy Fluxes in the Ocean
Energy flux is a fundamental quantity for understanding internal wave generation, propagation, and dissipation. In this paper, the estimation of internal wave energy fluxes u?p? from ocean observations that may be sparse in either time or depth ...
Jonathan D. Nash; Matthew H. Alford; Eric Kunze
Estimates of Power Consumed by Mixing in the Ocean Interior
Much attention has focused on the power required for driving mixing processes in the ocean interior, the thermohaline circulation, and the related meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Recent estimates range from roughly 0.5 to 2 TW (1 TW = 1 ...
Louis St. Laurent; Harper Simmons
Estimating Oceanic Heat Content Change Using Isotherms
This paper presents a new analysis of ocean heat content changes over the last 50 yr using isotherms by calculating the mean temperature above the 14�C isotherm and the depth of the 14�C isotherm as separate variables. A new quantity called the �...
Matthew D. Palmer; Keith Haines
Ocean Applicable Tools | Data.gov
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Applicable Tools Applicable Tools Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov » Communities » Ocean Available Tools Click on each link to learn more about the purpose, methodology, and application of a tool or collection of tools. Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) URL: http://www.ariesonline.org/ Purpose: ARIES was designed to make land use policy and environmental decisions easier and more effective by helping users map and quantify environmental assets and the factors that influence their value. ARIES allows users to model and quantify the impacts of landscape feature changes on the provision of ecosystem services, thereby allowing the evaluation and comparison of alternative scenarios for climate change, land use, or land
On Scatterometer Ocean Stress
Scatterometers estimate the relative atmosphere�ocean motion at spatially high resolution and provide accurate inertial-scale ocean wind forcing information, which is crucial for many ocean, atmosphere, and climate applications. An empirical ...
M. Portabella; A. Stoffelen
Impact of ECCO Ocean-State Estimates on the Initialization of Seasonal Climate Forecasts
The impact of ocean-state estimates generated by the consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) on the initialization of a coupled general circulation model (CGCM) for seasonal climate forecasts is examined. The ...
Gabriel Cazes-Boezio; Dimitris Menemenlis; Carlos R. Mechoso
Multivariate Error Covariance Estimates by Monte Carlo Simulation for Assimilation Studies in the Pacific Ocean
One of the most difficult aspects of ocean-state estimation is the prescription of the model forecast error covariances. The paucity of ocean observations limits our ability to estimate the covariance structures from model�observation ...
Anna Borovikov; Michele M. Rienecker; Christian L. Keppenne; Gregory C. Johnson
The Feasibility of Estimating Ocean Surface Currents on an Operational Basis Using Satellite Feature Tracking Methods
The feasibility of using a relatively new technique, often referred to as satellite feature tracking, for estimating ocean surface currents is described. Sequential satellite imagery is used to determine the displacements of selected ocean ...
L. C. Breaker; D. B. Rao; V. M. Krasnopolsky; X-H. Yan
Satellite Estimates of Wind Speed and Latent Heat Flux over the Global Oceans
Surface fluxes of momentum, freshwater, and energy across the air�sea interface determine oceanic circulation and its variability at all timescales. The goal of this paper is to estimate and examine some ocean surface flux variables using ...
Abderrahim Bentamy; Kristina B. Katsaros; Alberto M. Mestas-Nu�ez; William M. Drennan; Evan B. Forde; Herv� Roquet
Development and Analysis of the Systematically Merged Atlantic Regional Temperature and Salinity Climatology For Oceanic Heat Content Estimates
An oceanic climatology to calculate upper ocean thermal structure was developed for application year-round in the North Atlantic Ocean basin. The Systematically Merged Atlantic Regional Temperature and Salinity (SMARTS) Climatology is used in a ...
P. C. Meyers; L. K. Shay; J. K. Brewster
An Eddy-Permitting Southern Ocean State Estimate
An eddy-permitting general circulation model of the Southern Ocean is fit by constrained least squares to a large observational dataset during 2005�06. Data used include Argo float profiles, CTD synoptic sections, Southern Elephant Seals as ...
Matthew R. Mazloff; Patrick Heimbach; Carl Wunsch
An Observational Estimate of Inferred Ocean Energy Divergence
Monthly net surface energy fluxes (FS) over the oceans are computed as residuals of the atmospheric energy budget using top-of-atmosphere (TOA) net radiation (RT) and the complete atmospheric energy (AE) budget tendency (?AE/?t) and divergence ( ...
Kevin E. Trenberth; John T. Fasullo
New Altimetric Estimates of Mode-1 M2 Internal Tides in the Central North Pacific Ocean
New estimates of mode-1 M2 internal tide energy flux are computed from an extended Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon (T/P) altimeter dataset that includes both the original and tandem tracks, improving spatial resolution over previous ...
Zhongxiang Zhao; Matthew H. Alford
Float Observations of the Southern Ocean. Part I: Estimating Mean Fields, Bottom Velocities, and Topographic Steering
Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer (ALACE) floats are used to examine mean flow and eddy fluxes at 900-m depth in the Southern Ocean. Mean temperature and dynamic topography from float data are consistent with earlier estimates from ...
Sarah T. Gille
Local Balance and Variability of Atmospheric Heat Budget over Oceans: Observation and Reanalysis-based Estimates
We quantify systematic differences between modern observation- and reanalysis-based estimates of atmospheric heating rates and identify dominant variability modes over tropical oceans. Convergence of heat fluxes between the top of the atmosphere ...
Sun Wong; Tristan S. L�Ecuyer; William S. Olson; Xianan Jiang; Eric J. Fetzer
Reducing Orbit Error for a Better Estimate of oceanic Variability from Satellite Altimetry
The variable ocean dynamic topography is generally estimated from the satellite altimeter signal once the orbit error has been removed. To compute the orbit error, the most conventional technique is to fit a polynomial function (zeroth, first, or ...
F. Blanc; P. Y. Le Traon; S. Houry
Adjoint-Based Estimation of Eddy-Induced Tracer Mixing Parameters in the Global Ocean
Using the German Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (GECCO) synthesis framework, four separate eddy tracer mixing coefficients are adjusted jointly with external forcing fields, such as to reduce a global misfit between the model ...
Chuanyu Liu; Armin K�hl; Detlef Stammer
Estimating Surface Divergence of Ocean Eddies Using Observed Trajectories from a Surface Drifting Buoy
A method is described that estimates the time evolution of surface divergence and other secondary circulation properties of an ocean eddy. The method is novel because it is applied to the observations of a single surface drifting buoy. Surface ...
Gary B. Brassington
Estimating Meridional Energy Transports by the Atmospheric and Oceanic General Circulations Using Boundary Fluxes
The annual-mean meridional energy transport in the atmosphere�ocean system (total transport) is estimated using 4-yr mean net radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) calculated from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology ...
Y-C. Zhang; W. B. Rossow
A Comparison of Oceanic Precipitation Estimates in the Tropics and Subtropics
A number of Earth remote sensing satellites are currently carrying passive microwave radiometers. A variety of different retrieval algorithms are used to estimate surface rain rates over the ocean from the microwave radiances observed by the ...
Kenneth P. Bowman; Cameron R. Homeyer; Dalon G. Stone
Estimation of Area-Averaged Rainfall over Tropical Oceans from Microwave Radiometry: A Single Channel Approach
This paper presents a new simple retrieval algorithm for estimating area-time averaged rain rates over tropical oceans by using single channel microwave measurements from satellites. The algorithm was tested by using the Nimbus-5 Electrically ...
Kyung-Sup Shin; Phil E. Riba; Gerald R. North
Numerical and Analytical Estimates of M2 Tidal Conversion at Steep Oceanic Ridges
Numerical calculations of the rate at which energy is converted from the external to internal tides at steep oceanic ridges are compared with estimates from analytic theories. The numerical calculations are performed using a hydrostatic primitive ...
Emanuele Di Lorenzo; William R. Young; Stefan Llewellyn Smith
Continuous, Array-Based Estimates of Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport at 26.5�N
Continuous estimates of the oceanic meridional heat transport in the Atlantic are derived from the Rapid Climate Change�Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and Heatflux Array (RAPID�MOCHA) observing system deployed along 26.5�N, for the ...
W. E. Johns; M. O. Baringer; L. M. Beal; S. A. Cunningham; T. Kanzow; H. L. Bryden; J. J. M. Hirschi; J. Marotzke; C. S. Meinen; B. Shaw; R. Curry
Mooring Design Using Wave-State Estimate from the Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean Flux Station was deployed near 47�S, 140�E. The extreme wind and wave conditions at this location require appropriate mooring design, which includes dynamic fatigue analysis and static analysis. An accurate estimate of the wave ...
E. W. Schulz; M. A. Grosenbaugh; L. Pender; D. J. M. Greenslade; T. W. Trull
Error Analysis and Sampling Strategy Design for Using Fixed or Mobile Platforms to Estimate Ocean Flux
For estimating lateral flux in the ocean using fixed or mobile platforms, the authors present a method of analyzing the estimation error and designing the sampling strategy. When an array of moorings is used, spatial aliasing leads to an error in ...
Yanwu Zhang; James G. Bellingham; Yi Chao
Estimating Open-Ocean Barotropic Tidal Dissipation: The Hawaiian Ridge
The generalized inverse of a regional model is used to estimate barotropic tidal dissipation along the Hawaiian Ridge. The model, based on the linear shallow-water equations, incorporates parameterizations for the dissipation of energy via ...
Edward D. Zaron; Gary D. Egbert
Altimetry Combined with Hydrography for Ocean Transport Estimation
A method to estimate mass and heat transports across hydrographic sections using hydrography together with altimetry data in a geostrophic inverse box model is presented. Absolute surface velocities computed from Archiving, Validation, and ...
Claire Gourcuff; Pascale Lherminier; Herl� Mercier; Pierre Yves Le Traon
Estimates of Meridional Atmosphere and Ocean Heat Transports
New estimates of the poleward energy transport based on atmospheric reanalyses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction�National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP�NCAR) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ...
Kevin E. Trenberth; Julie M. Caron
The Estimated Global Ocean Wind Power Potential from QuikSCAT Observations, Accounting for Turbine
The Estimated Global Ocean Wind Power Potential from QuikSCAT Observations, Accounting for Turbine offshore turbine characteristics including hub height, usable portion of the wind speed distri- bution hemisphere extratropics, respectively, between hub heights of 10 m and 100 m. A turbine with a cut-out speed
Zender, Charles
Estimates of Surface Humidity and Latent Heat Fluxes over Oceans from SSM/I Data
Monthly averages of daily latent heat fluxes over the oceans for February and August 1988 are estimated using a stability-dependent bulk scheme. Daily fluxes are computed from daily SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager) wind speeds and EOF-...
Shu-Hsien Chou; Robert M. Atlas; Chung-Lin Shie; Joe Ardizzone
An Attempt to Estimate the Thermal Resistance of the Upper Ocean to Climatic Change
An attempt is made to estimate the thermal inertia of the upper ocean, relevant to climatic change. This is done by assuming that the annual variation in sea surface temperature (SST) can, to a first-order approximation, be described by a simple ...
H. M. Van Den Dool; J. D. Horel
Error Estimates for Ocean Surface Winds: Applying Desroziers Diagnostics to the Cross-Calibrated, Multiplatform Analysis of Wind Speed
The Desroziers diagnostics (DD) are applied to the cross-calibrated, multi-platform (CCMP) ocean surface wind data sets to estimate wind speed errors of the ECMWF background, the microwave satellite observations and the resulting CCMP analysis. ...
Ross N. Hoffman; Joseph V. Ardizzone; S. Mark Leidner; Deborah K. Smith; Robert Atlas
A Basinwide Estimate of Vertical Mixing in the Upper Pycnocline: Spreading of Bomb Tritium in the North Pacific Ocean
The vertical diffusivity KV in the upper half-kilometer of the North Pacific subtropical pycnocline is estimated from observations of the spreading rate of anthropogenic tritium. The calculation is based on approximately 300 ocean tritium ...
Dan E. Kelley; Kim A. Van Scoy
An assessment of density-based fine-scale methods for estimating diapycnal diffusivity in the Southern Ocean
Fine-scale estimates of diapycnal diffusivity ? are computed from CTD and XCTD data sampled in Drake Passage and in the eastern Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean and are compared against microstructure measurements from the same times and ...
Marina Frants; Gillian M. Damerell; Sarah T. Gille; Karen J. Heywood; Jennifer MacKinnon; Janet Sprintall
Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake, transport, and storage by the ocean
2 inventory of the Indian Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles,of carbon dioxide: Key ocean/atmosphere/land ana- lyses,in the upper Pacific Ocean, Nature, 415, 603 � 608. Mikaloff
Dynamically and Observationally Constrained Estimates of Water-Mass Distributions and Ages in the Global Ocean
A data-constrained ocean circulation model is used to characterize the distribution of water masses and their ages in the global ocean. The model is constrained by the time-averaged temperature, salinity, and radiocarbon distributions in the ocean,...
Tim DeVries; Fran�ois Primeau
The Inverse Ocean Modeling System. Part II: Applications
The Inverse Ocean Modeling (IOM) System is a modular system for constructing and running weak-constraint four-dimensional variational data assimilation (W4DVAR) for any linear or nonlinear functionally smooth dynamical model and observing array. ...
J. C. Muccino; H. Luo; H. G. Arango; D. Haidvogel; J. C. Levin; A. F. Bennett; B. S. Chua; G. D. Egbert; B. D. Cornuelle; A. J. Miller; E. Di Lorenzo; A. M. Moore; E. D. Zaron
An Observational Estimate of Volume and Freshwater Flux Leaving the Arctic Ocean through Nares Strait
The Arctic Ocean is an important link in the global hydrological cycle, storing freshwater and releasing it to the North Atlantic Ocean in a variable fashion as pack ice and freshened seawater. An unknown fraction of this return flow passes ...
Andreas M�nchow; Humfrey Melling; Kelly K. Falkner
Ensemble-Based Estimates of the Predictability of Wind-Driven Coastal Ocean Flow over Topography
The predictability of coastal ocean circulation over the central Oregon shelf, a region of strong wind-driven currents and variable topography, is studied using ensembles of 50-day primitive equation ocean model simulations with realistic ...
Sangil Kim; R. M. Samelson; Chris Snyder
An Estimate of the Lorenz Energy Cycle for the World Ocean Based on the STORM/NCEP Simulation
This paper presents an estimate of the oceanic Lorenz energy cycle derived from a simulation forced by 6-hourly fluxes obtained from NCEP�NCAR reanalysis-1. The total rate of energy generation amounts to 6.6 TW, of which 1.9 TW is generated by ...
Jin-Song von Storch; Carsten Eden; Irina Fast; Helmuth Haak; Daniel Hern�ndez-Deckers; Ernst Maier-Reimer; Jochem Marotzke; Detlef Stammer
Estimates of wind energy input to the Ekman layer in the Southern Ocean from surface drifter data
Estimates of wind energy input to the Ekman layer in the Southern Ocean from surface drifter data the contribution from the anticyclonic frequencies dominate the wind energy input. The latitudinal and seasonal variations of the wind energy input to the Ekman layer are closely related to the variations of the wind
Gille, Sarah T.
A Comparison of Southern Ocean Air�Sea Buoyancy Flux from an Ocean State Estimate with Five Other Products
The authors have intercompared the following six surface buoyancy flux estimates, averaged over the years 2005�07: two reanalyses [the recent ECMWF reanalysis (ERA-Interim; hereafter ERA), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (...
Ivana Cerove?ki; Lynne D. Talley; Matthew R. Mazloff
Estimating the Diapycnal Transport Contribution to Warm Water Volume Variations in the Tropical Pacific Ocean
Variations in the warm water volume (WWV) of the equatorial Pacific Ocean are considered a key element of the dynamics of the El Ni�o�Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. WWV, a proxy for the upper-ocean heat content, is usually defined as the ...
Jaclyn N. Brown; Alexey V. Fedorov
Estimated global ocean wind power potential from QuikSCAT observations, accounting for turbine characteristics and siting
C. S. Zender (2009), Global ocean wind power sensitivity toG. C. Johnson (2001), Ocean currents evident in satellitepower distribution over the ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 35,
Capps, Scott B; Zender, Charles S
An Unstructured Grid, Finite-Volume, Three-Dimensional, Primitive Equations Ocean Model: Application to Coastal Ocean and Estuaries
An unstructured grid, finite-volume, three-dimensional (3D) primitive equation ocean model has been developed for the study of coastal oceanic and estuarine circulation. The model consists of momentum, continuity, temperature, salinity, and ...
Changsheng Chen; Hedong Liu; Robert C. Beardsley
Turbulence Characteristics and Dissipation Estimates in the Coastal Ocean Bottom Boundary Layer from PIV Data
Turbulence characteristics in the coastal ocean bottom boundary layer are measured using a submersible Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system with a sample area of 20 � 20 cm2. Measurements are performed in the New York Bight at elevations ...
P. Doron; L. Bertuccioli; J. Katz; T. R. Osborn
Estimating the Four-Dimensional Structure of the Southern Ocean Using Satellite Altimetry
A gravest empirical mode (GEM) projection of temperature and salinity fields over the circumpolar Southern Ocean is presented and is used in combination with satellite altimetry to produce gridded, full-depth, time-evolving temperature, salinity, ...
A. J. S. Meijers; N. L. Bindoff; S. R. Rintoul
Diapycnal and isopycnal transports in the Southern Ocean estimated by a box inverse model
Quantitative descriptions of Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling and evolution into lighter mode and heavier bottom waters in the Southern Ocean are still not well constrained. Here, data from two occupations of eight hydrographic sections are ...
K. Katsumata; B. M. Sloyan; S. Masuda
Variational Estimation of the Wind Stress Drag Coefficient and the Oceanic Eddy Viscosity Profile
A variational optimal control technique is used to assimilate both meteorological and oceanographic observations into an oceanic Ekman layer model. An identical twin experiment is discussed first in which the �observations� are created by the ...
Lisan Yu; James J. O'Brien
Global Characteristics of Ocean Variability Estimated from Regional TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Measurements
Three years of altimetric data from the TOPEX/POSEIDON spacecraft have been used to study characteristics of eddy variability over the World Ocean. The nature of the variability and its spatial structure are characterized in terms of the ...
MHK Technologies/Deep Ocean Water Application Facility DOWAF | Open Energy
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Water Application Facility DOWAF Water Application Facility DOWAF < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage Deep Ocean Water Application Facility DOWAF.jpg Technology Profile Primary Organization Marc M Siah Associates Inc Technology Resource Click here OTEC Technology Type Click here OTEC - Hybrid Cycle Technology Description MOTEC systems utilize the temperature differential between the warm surface and the cold deep seawater The OTEC heat engine converts the thermal energy into usable mechanical energy which in turn is converted to electrical energy There are different types of OTEC system Technology Dimensions Device Testing Date Submitted 24:54.0 << Return to the MHK database homepage Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=MHK_Technologies/Deep_Ocean_Water_Application_Facility_DOWAF&oldid=681561
The Scientific Beaufort Equivalent Scale: Effects on Wind Statistics and Climatological Air-Sea Flux Estimates in the North Atlantic Ocean
The Beaufort equivalent scale of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), used for decades to transform marine Beaufort estimates to surface wind speeds over the oceans, contains systematic errors that depend nonlinearly on the wind speed. ...
Hans-J�rg Isemer; Lutz Hasse
Radiation and Dissipation of Internal Waves Generated by Geostrophic Motions Impinging on Small-Scale Topography: Application to the Southern Ocean
Recent estimates from observations and inverse models indicate that turbulent mixing associated with internal wave breaking is enhanced above rough topography in the Southern Ocean. In most regions of the ocean, abyssal mixing has been primarily ...
Maxim Nikurashin; Raffaele Ferrari
Normal Monthly Wind Stress Over the World Ocean with Error Estimates
Over 35 million surface observations covering the world ocean from 1870�1976 have been processed for the purpose of calculating monthly normals and standard errors of the eastward and northward components of the wind stress and work done by the ...
Sol Hellerman; Mel Rosenstein
Estimating Mitigation Potential of Agricultural Projects: an Application of
Estimating Mitigation Potential of Agricultural Projects: an Application of Estimating Mitigation Potential of Agricultural Projects: an Application of the EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Brazil-Estimating Mitigation Potential of Agricultural Projects: an Application of the EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) Agency/Company /Organization: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Sector: Energy, Land Focus Area: Agriculture Topics: Co-benefits assessment, GHG inventory, Implementation, Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Publications, Software/modeling tools User Interface: Spreadsheet Website: www.fao.org/tc/exact/ex-act-tool/en/ Country: Brazil RelatedTo: Ex Ante Appraisal Carbon-Balance Tool (EX-ACT) Cost: Free South America Coordinates: -14.235004°, -51.92528°
Ocean Terracing
Artworks can improve humanity ability to apply macro-engineering principles which skirt or correct oceanographic problems impairing the economic usefulness of coastal land, the overhead airshed, and seawater temperature and salinity stability. A new form of Art, Ocean Art, is here proposed which centers on deliberate terracing of appropriate regions of our world ocean; a proposed example of macro-engineered useful Ocean Art is the technically possible 21-st Century terracing of the Mediterranean Sea. Ocean Art is applicable worldwide to places that might be practically improved by its judicious employment. Such Ocean Art may constitute an entirely unique category of solutions to coastal disaster prevention planning.
Richard Cathcart; Alexander Bolonkin
Efficient Parameterization of the Observation Error Covariance Matrix for Square Root or Ensemble Kalman Filters: Application to Ocean Altimetry
In the Kalman filter standard algorithm, the computational complexity of the observational update is proportional to the cube of the number y of observations (leading behavior for large y). In realistic atmospheric or oceanic applications, ...
Jean-Michel Brankart; Cl�ment Ubelmann; Charles-Emmanuel Testut; Emmanuel Cosme; Pierre Brasseur; Jacques Verron
Efficient Local Error Parameterizations for Square Root or Ensemble Kalman Filters: Application to a Basin-Scale Ocean Turbulent Flow
In large-sized atmospheric or oceanic applications of square root or ensemble Kalman filters, it is often necessary to introduce the prior assumption that long-range correlations are negligible and force them to zero using a local ...
Jean-Michel Brankart; Emmanuel Cosme; Charles-Emmanuel Testut; Pierre Brasseur; Jacques Verron
Error Estimates for an Ocean General Circulation Model from Altimeter and Acoustic Tomography Data
An offline approach is proposed for the estimation of model and data error covariance matrices whereby covariance matrices of model data residuals are �matched� to their theoretical expectations using familiar least-squares methods. This ...
Dimitris Menemenlis; Michael Chechelnitsky
Estimation of Velocity from Argos-tracked Surface Drifters during OCEAN STORMS
Modern surface drifters tracked by Argos are an attractive method for measuring the spatial structure of near-surface currents. This note discusses the accuracy to which velocity can be estimated from such data, assuming perfect drifters. The ...
Eric A. D'Asaro
A Comparison of Satellite and Emnpirical Formula Techniques for Estimating Insolation over the Oceans
Surface insulation data collected during the Mixed Layer Dynamiccs Experiment are used to intercompare the satellite technique of Gautier et al. (1980) and five commonly referenced empirical formulas for estimating daily insulation over the ...
Robert Frouin; Catherine Gautier; Kristina B. Katsaros; Richard J. Lind
A Tracer-Contour Inverse Method for Estimating Ocean Circulation and Mixing
A method is developed for estimating the along-isopycnal and vertical mixing coefficients (K and D) and the absolute velocity from time-averaged hydrographic data. The method focuses directly on transports down tracer gradients on isopycnals. ...
Jan D. Zika; Trevor J. McDougall; Bernadette M. Sloyan
A Cross-calibrated, Multiplatform Ocean Surface Wind Velocity Product for Meteorological and Oceanographic Applications
The ocean surface wind mediates exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere. These air�sea exchange processes are critical for understanding and predicting atmosphere, ocean, and wave phenomena on many time and space scales. A cross-calibrated ...
Robert Atlas; Ross N. Hoffman; Joseph Ardizzone; S. Mark Leidner; Juan Carlos Jusem; Deborah K. Smith; Daniel Gombos
The Estimated Global Ocean Wind Power Potential from QuikSCAT Observations, Accounting for Turbine Characteristics and Siting
For the first time, global ocean usable wind power is evaluated for modern offshore turbine characteristics including hub height, usable portion of the wind speed distribution and siting depth. Mean wind power increases by 30%, 69 % and 73 % within the tropics and northern and southern hemisphere extratropics, respectively, between hub heights of 10 m and 100 m. A turbine with a cut-out speed of 25 m s?1 (30 m s?1) within the northern hemisphere storm track harvests between 55 % (82%) and 85% (> 98%) of available power. Within this region, a 2�3m s?1 change in cut-out speed can result in a 5�7 % change in usable power. 80 m wind power accumulates at a rate of 20�45 GW km2 m?2 per meter depth increase from the shore to the shelf break. Beyond the shelf break, wind power accumulates at a slower rate (wind power is assessed for three technology tiers: existing, planned, and future innovations. Usable percent of 80 m available global ocean wind power ranges from 0.40 % for existing to 2.73 % for future envisioned turbine specifications. Offshore wind power production is estimated using typical turbine characteristics including rotor diameter, rated power and siting density. Global offshore wind power is as much as 37 TW (50 % of onshore) and is maximized for the smallest and least powerful of the three turbine specifications evaluated. 1 1
Charles S. Zender
A fuzzy logic material selection methodology for renewable ocean energy applications.
??The purpose of this thesis is to develop a renewable ocean energy material selection methodology for use in FAU's Ocean Energy Projects. A detailed and� (more)
Welling, Donald Anthony.
Estimation of the Surface Heat Flux Response to Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies over the Global Oceans
The surface heat flux response to underlying sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (the surface heat flux feedback) is estimated using 42 yr (1956�97) of ship-derived monthly turbulent heat fluxes and 17 yr (1984�2000) of satellite-derived ...
Sungsu Park; Clara Deser; Michael A. Alexander
On the Probability and Spatial Distribution of Ocean Surface Currents
Insights into the probability distribution of ocean currents are important for various applications such as the chance to encounter extreme events, which may affect, for example, marine construction, and for estimating the energy that can be ...
Yosef Ashkenazy; Hezi Gildor
The Scripps Coupled Ocean�Atmosphere Regional (SCOAR) Model, with Applications in the Eastern Pacific Sector
A regional coupled ocean�atmosphere model is introduced. It is designed to admit the air�sea feedbacks arising in the presence of an oceanic mesoscale eddy field. It consists of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Regional Spectral ...
Hyodae Seo; Arthur J. Miller; John O. Roads
Estimating the Surface Transport of Meandering Oceanic Jet Streams from Satellite Altimetry: Surface Transport Estimates for the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension
A method has been developed to detect the location, width maximum velocity, and suffice transport of a meandering oceanic jet stream from satellite altimetry. Ale method is based on a nonlinear least squares scheme, in which Gaussian-shaped ...
Chang-Kou Tai
Wind-Generated Power Input to the Deep Ocean: An Estimate Using a 1/10� General Circulation Model
Recent studies on the wind-generated power input to the geostrophic and nongeostrophic ocean circulation components have used expressions derived from Ekman dynamics. The present work extends and unifies previous studies by deriving an expression ...
Jin-Song von Storch; Hideharu Sasaki; Jochem Marotzke
Estimate of Ocean Mixed Layer Deepening after a Typhoon Passage over the South China Sea by Using Satellite Data
The ocean responses to Typhoon Cimaron, which influenced the South China Sea (SCS) from 1 to 8 November 2006, are analyzed. Based on satellite-observed sea surface temperature (SST) and climatological temperature profiles in the SCS, mixed layer ...
Jiayi Pan; Yujuan Sun
Model Estimates of the Land and Ocean Contributions to Biospheric Carbon and Water Fluxes Using MODIS Satellite Data
Land and ocean are often treated separately in modeling studies despite their close links through the carbon, water, and energy cycles. However, biospheric models, particularly when used in conjunction with recent satellite datasets, provide a new,...
Paul B. Alton; Per E. Bodin
Regression-based estimates of the rate of accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean: A fresh look
those from repeated hydro- graphic surveys, such as might be provided by appropriately instrumented, as oceanic car- bon's natural spatial and temporal variability is larger than the expected anthropogenic
Arctic Ocean Radiative Fluxes and Cloud Forcing Estimated from the ISCCP C2 Cloud Dataset, 1983?1990
Radiative fluxes and cloud forcings for the ocean areas of the Arctic are computed from the monthly cloud product of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) for 1983?90. Spatially averaged short-wave fluxes compare well with ...
Axel J. Schweiger; Jeffrey R. Key
Essays on Nonparametric Series Estimation with Application to Financial Econometrics
This dissertation includes two essays. In the first essay, I proposed an alternative estimator for multivariate densities. This estimator can be characterized as a transformation based estimator. The first stage estimates each marginal density separately. In the second stage, the joint density of estimated marginal cumulative distribution functions (CDF) are approximated by the exponential series estimator. The final estimate is then obtained as the product of the marginal densities and the joint density estimated in the second stage. Extensive Monte Carlo studies show the proposed estimator outperforms kernel estimators in joint density and tail distribution estimation. An illustrative example on estimating the conditional copula density between S & P 500 and FTSE 100 given Hangseng and Nikkei 225 is also discussed. In the second essay, I extended the semiparametric model by Chen and Fan [X. Chen, Y. Fan, Estimation of copula-based semiparametric time series models, Journal of Econometrics 130 (2006) 307-335], and studied a class of univariate copula-based nonparametric stationary Markov models in which the copulas and the marginal distributions are estimated nonparametrically. In particular, I focused on the stationary Markov process of order 1 with continuous state space because it has the beta-mixing property for the analysis of weakly dependent processes. The copula density functions for time series models are approximated by the series estimate on sieve spaces. In this study, a finite dimensional linear space spanned by a sequence of power functions is treated as the sieve space where the estimation space of the copula density function is based. This sieve series estimator can be characterized as the exponential series estimator under mild smoothness conditions. By using the beta-mixing properties, I showed that the copula density function approximated by the exponential series estimator for stationary first-order Markov processes has the same convergence rate as the i.i.d. data. The Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed estimator outperforms the kernel estimator in the conditional density estimation, except for the Frank copula-based Markov model. In addition, the proposed estimator considerably dominates the the kernel estimator when used in the one-step-ahead forecast.
Chang, Meng-Shiuh
Application of throughfall methods to estimate dry deposition of mercury
SciTech Connect
Several dry deposition methods for Mercury (Hg) are being developed and tested in our laboratory. These include big-leaf and multilayer resistance models, micrometeorological methods such as Bowen ratio gradient approaches, laboratory controlled plant chambers, and throughfall. We have previously described our initial results using modeling and gradient methods. Throughfall may be used to estimate Hg dry deposition if some simplifying assumptions are met. We describe here the application and initial results of throughfull studies at the Walker Branch Watershed forest, and discuss the influence of certain assumptions on interpretation of the data. Throughfall appears useful in that it can place a lower bound to dry deposition under field conditions. Our preliminary throughfall data indicate net dry deposition rates to a pine canopy which increase significantly from winter to summer, as previously predicted by our resistance model. Atmospheric data suggest that rainfall washoff of fine aerosol dry deposition at this site is not sufficient to account for all of the Hg in net throughfall. Potential additional sources include dry deposited gas-phase compounds, soil-derived coarse aerosols, and oxidation reactions at the leaf surface.
Lindberg, S.E.; Owens, J.G. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Stratton, W. [Earlham Coll., Richmond, IN (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
An application of wavelet analysis to paleoproductivity records from the Southern Ocean
We have performed wavelet analysis of the paleoproductivity records from the southeastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. In particular, we have applied a continuous wavelet transform to the phosphorus-to-titanium (P/Ti) ratios obtained from the ... Keywords: Paleoproductivity records, Southern Ocean, Wavelet analysis
Asok K. Sen; Gabriel M. Filippelli; Jos�-Abel Flores
100 kW CC-OTEC Plant and Deep Ocean water Applications
Examine multiple usage of DSW Yokogawa Electric Produce & set up electricity & control system Plant the electric grid for the first time in 15 years in the world. #12;IOES (Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga Univ.) Experiments and Demonstration by IOES (Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University) 30 kW Electricity
Application of the evidence procedure to the estimation of wireless channels
We address the application of the Bayesian evidence procedure to the estimation of wireless channels. The proposed scheme is based on relevance vector machines (RVM) originally proposed by M. Tipping. RVMs allow to estimate channel parameters as well ...
Dmitriy Shutin; Gernot Kubin; Bernard H. Fleury
Estimated Global Hydrographic Variability
An estimate is made of the three-dimensional global oceanic temperature and salinity variability, omitting the seasonal cycle, both as a major descriptive element of the ocean circulation and for use in the error estimates of state estimation. ...
Ga�l Forget; Carl Wunsch
Tropical Cyclone�Induced Upper-Ocean Mixing and Climate: Application to Equable Climates
Tropical cyclones instigate an isolated blast of vigorous mixing in the upper tropical oceans, stirring warm surface water with cooler water in the thermocline. Previous work suggests that the frequency, intensity, and lifetime of these storms ...
Robert L. Korty; Kerry A. Emanuel; Jeffery R. Scott
The dynamics of internal gravity waves in the ocean: theory and applications
In this paper we consider fundamental processes of the disturbance and propagation of internal gravity waves in the ocean modeled as a vertically stratified, horizontally non-uniform, and non-stationary medium. We develop asymptotic methods for describing the wave dynamics by generalizing the spatiotemporal ray-tracing method (a geometrical optics method). We present analytical and numerical algorithms for calculating the internal gravity wave fields using actual ocean parameters such as physical characteristics of the sea water, topography of its floor, etc. We demonstrate that our mathematical models can realistically describe the internal gravity wave dynamics in the ocean. Our numerical and analytical results show that the internal gravity waves have a significant impact on underwater objects in the ocean.
Bulatov, Vitaly V
Vitaly V. Bulatov; Yuriy V. Vladimirov
Ocean Interpolation by Four-Dimensional Weighted Least Squares�Application to the Waters around Australasia
A new four-dimensional ocean interpolation system based on locally weighted least squares fitting is presented. A loess filter is used to interpolate irregularly spaced data onto a uniform grid. This involves projecting the data onto quadratic ...
K. R. Ridgway; J. R. Dunn; J. L. Wilkin
Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter Flow Measurement from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with Applications to Deep Ocean Convection
The authors present a new modality for direct measurement of ocean flow, achieved by combining the resolution and precision of an acoustic Doppler velocimeter with the mobility of an autonomous underwater vehicle. To obtain useful measurements, ...
Yanwu Zhang; Knut Streitlien; James G. Bellingham; Arthur B. Baggeroer
An Adjoint Ocean Model Using Finite Elements: An Application to the South Atlantic
A new inverse model to study the large-scale ocean circulation and its associated heat and freshwater budget is developed. The model relies on traditional assumptions of mass, heat, and salt conservation. A three-dimensional velocity field that ...
Uwe Dobrindt; Jens Schr�ter
Simulations of Cold Surges over Oceans with Application to AMTEX'75
Comparative numerical experiments and observational verifications for cold surges over the ocean are conducted using a primitive equation planetary boundary layer (PBL) model. The comparative experiments illustrate the importance of large-scale ...
Chiu-Wai Yuen
Operational Altimeter-Derived Oceanographic Information: The NORDA GEOSAT Ocean Applications Program
The U.S. Navy's GEOSAT active microwave altimeter provides detailed oceanographic and atmospheric information. It measures global oceanic wind speeds and significant wave height, sea ice edge in the polar regions, and dynamic topography related ...
Matthew Lybanon; Conrad H. Johnson; Pavel Pistek; Richard L. Crout
, accounting for turbine characteristics and siting Scott B. Capps1 and Charles S. Zender1 Received 17 June, global ocean usable wind power is evaluated for modern offshore turbine characteristics including hub, between hub heights of 10 m and 100 m. A turbine with a cutout speed of 25 m s-1 (30 m s-1 ) within
Improving Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Estimates for the Atlantic Ocean (1988�99) by a Synthesis Approach
A new daily latent and sensible flux product developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) with 1� � 1� resolution for the Atlantic Ocean (65�S�65�N) for the period from 1988 to 1999 was presented. The flux product was developed by ...
Lisan Yu; Robert A. Weller; Bomin Sun
Estimating Eddy Stresses by Fitting Dynamics to Observations Using a Residual-Mean Ocean Circulation Model and Its Adjoint
A global ocean circulation model is formulated in terms of the �residual mean� and used to study eddy�mean flow interaction. Adjoint techniques are used to compute the three-dimensional eddy stress field that minimizes the departure of the coarse-...
David Ferreira; John Marshall; Patrick Heimbach
Parameter estimation for performance models of distributed application systems
The performance engineering of distributed applications requires models that capture contention for both hardware and software resources. Layered queueing models have been proposed for modeling distributed applications but they require model parameters ...
Jerome Rolia; Vidar Vetland
A Platform-Independent Methodology for Performance Estimation of Multimedia Signal Processing Applications
A methodological framework for performance estimation of multimedia signal processing applications on different implementation platforms is presented. The methodology derives a complexity profile which is characteristic for an application, but completely ... Keywords: MPEG-4, bitstream analysis, complexity, digital signal processor, multimedia signal processing, performance estimation
Hans-Joachim Stolberg; Mladen Berekovi?; Peter Pirsch
Applications of the Bayesian approach for experimentation and estimation
A Bayesian framework for systematic data collection and parameter estimation is proposed to aid experimentalists in effectively generating and interpreting data. The four stages of the Bayesian framework are: system ...
De Man, Patrick A. P. (Patrick Antonius Petrus)
Efficient Adaptive Error Parameterizations for Square Root or Ensemble Kalman Filters: Application to the Control of Ocean Mesoscale Signals
In Kalman filter applications, an adaptive parameterization of the error statistics is often necessary to avoid filter divergence, and prevent error estimates from becoming grossly inconsistent with the real error. With the classic formulation of ...
Fine Adjustment of Large Scale Air-Sea Energy Flux Parameterizations by Direct Estimates of Ocean Heat Transport
An inverse technique is used to adjust uncertain coefficients and parameters in the bulk formulae of climatological air-sea energy fluxes in order to obtain an agreement of indirect estimates of meridional heat transport with direct estimates in ...
Hans-J�rg Isemer; J�rgen Willebrand; Lutz Hasse
Estimation of Thin Ice Thickness and Detection of Fast Ice from SSM/I Data in the Antarctic Ocean
Antarctic coastal polynyas are important areas of high sea ice production and dense water formation, and thus their detection including an estimate of thin ice thickness is essential. In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm that estimates ...
Takeshi Tamura; Kay I. Ohshima; Thorsten Markus; Donald J. Cavalieri; Sohey Nihashi; Naohiko Hirasawa
The Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems program: Understanding and managing our coastal ocean. Volume 1: Strategic summary
The proposed COPS (Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems) program is concerned with combining numerical models with observations (through data assimilation) to improve our predictive knowledge of the coastal ocean. It is oriented toward applied research and development and depends upon the continued pursuit of basic research in programs like COOP (Coastal Ocean Processes); i.e., to a significant degree it is involved with ``technology transfer`` from basic knowledge to operational and management applications. This predictive knowledge is intended to address a variety of societal problems: (1) ship routing, (2) trajectories for search and rescue operations, (3) oil spill trajectory simulations, (4) pollution assessments, (5) fisheries management guidance, (6) simulation of the coastal ocean`s response to climate variability, (7) calculation of sediment transport, (8) calculation of forces on structures, and so forth. The initial concern is with physical models and observations in order to provide a capability for the estimation of physical forces and transports in the coastal ocean. For all these applications, there are common needs for physical field estimates: waves, tides, currents, temperature, and salinity, including mixed layers, thermoclines, fronts, jets, etc. However, the intent is to work with biologists, chemists, and geologists in developing integrated multidisciplinary prediction systems as it becomes feasible to do so. From another perspective, by combining observations with models through data assimilation, a modern approach to monitoring is provided through whole-field estimation.
Not Available
Multiyear Observations of the Tropical Atlantic Atmosphere: Multidisciplinary Applications of the NOAA Aerosols and Ocean Science Expeditions
This paper gives an overview of a unique set of ship-based atmospheric data acquired over the tropical Atlantic Ocean during boreal spring and summer as part of ongoing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Aerosols and Ocean Science ...
Nicholas R. Nalli; Everette Joseph; Vernon R. Morris; Christopher D. Barnet; Walter W. Wolf; Daniel Wolfe; Peter J. Minnett; Malgorzata Szczodrak; Miguel A. Izaguirre; Rick Lumpkin; Hua Xie; Alexander Smirnov; Thomas S. King; Jennifer Wei
Application of CHL model for estimating biomass pyrolysis yield
The pyrolysis of wood biomass represents a valid technique for recovering "green" fuel from residues of forestry and other activities, in agriculture as in industry, where wood and other plant residues are available. Wood biomass is essentially a composite ... Keywords: CHL model, biogas yield, biomass, numerical analysis, pyrolysis, rate estimation
Francesco Marra
Estimation of turbulence level and scale for wind turbine applications
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
A simplified method is presented for estimating onsite turbulence variance within the wind turbine layer for horizontal wind speed. The method is based principally on estimating the probability distribution of wind speed and assigning a variance to each mean wind speed based on surface roughness estimates. The model is not proposed as an alternative to onsite measurement and analysis, but rather as an adjunct to such a program. A revision of the Kaimal neutral u-component spectrum is suggested to apply to the mix of the stabilities occurring during operational winds. Values of integral length scale calculated from data analysis are shown to contradict the length scale model implicit in turbulence power spectra. Also, these calculated values are shown to be extremely sensitive to the length of the time series and the detrending method used. The analysis and modeling are extended to the rotational frame of reference for a horizontal-axis wind turbine by modeling the ratios of harmonic spike variances (1P, 2P, etc.) in the rotational spectrum to the Eulerian turbulence variance. 15 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.
Powell, D.C.
A Surface Wind Model�Based Method to Estimate Rain-Induced Radar Path Attenuation over Ocean
The rainfall retrieved using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) depends on estimating the radar signal path-integrated attenuation using the surface reference technique (SRT). This technique assumes uniform ...
Li Li; Eastwood Im; Stephen L. Durden; Ziad S. Haddad
Theory of binless multi-state free energy estimation with applications to protein-ligand binding
Theory of binless multi-state free energy estimation with applications to protein-ligand binding Method (WHAM) is routinely used for com- puting free energies and expectations from multiple ensembles method, like WHAM, can be used not only to estimate free energies and equilibrium expectations, but also
ON CARLEMAN ESTIMATES FOR ELLIPTIC AND PARABOLIC OPERATORS. APPLICATIONS TO UNIQUE CONTINUATION AND CONTROL OF PARABOLIC EQUATIONS J´ER ^OME LE ROUSSEAU AND GILLES LEBEAU Abstract. Local and global Carleman and parabolic operators by means of semi-classical microlocal techniques. Optimality results for these estimates
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Estimating Nonparametric Random Utility Models with an Application to the Value of Time in Heterogeneous Populations
The estimation of random parameters by means of mixed logit models is now current practice for the analysis of transportation behaviour. One of the most straightforward applications is the derivation of willingness-to-pay distribution over a heterogeneous ... Keywords: B-spline, constrained optimization, mixed logit, nonparametric estimation
Fabian Bastin; Cinzia Cirillo; Philippe L. Toint
State Estimation Strategies for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Fish Tracking Applications
I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. Jun Zhou ii As the largest unexplored area on earth, the underwater world has unlimited attraction to marine scientists. Due to the complexity of the underwater environment and the limitations of human divers, underwater exploration has been facilitated by the use of submarines, Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). In recent years, use of autonomous control systems being integrated with visual sensors has increased substantially, especially in marine applications involving guidance of AUVs. In this work, autonomous fish-tracking via AUV with vision servoing control system is studied with the purpose of assisting marine biologists in gathering detailed
Jun Zhou
In-network data estimation for sensor-driven scientific applications
Sensor networks employed by scientific applications oftenneed to support localized collaboration of sensor nodes to perform in-network data processing. This includes new quantitative synthesis andhypothesis testing in near real time, as data streaming ... Keywords: in-network data estimation, sensor system programming, sensor-driven scientific applications
Nanyan Jiang; Manish Parashar
Artificial Neural Network estimation of soil erosion and nutrient concentrations in runoff from land application areas
The transport of sediment and nutrients from land application areas is an environmental concern. New methods are needed for estimating soil and nutrient concentrations of runoff from cropland areas on which manure is applied. Artificial Neural Networks ... Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Land application, Manure runoff, Nitrogen, Nutrient losses, Phosphorus, Soil erosion, Water quality
Minyoung Kim; John E. Gilley
Applications of the Generalized DDA Formalism and the Nature of Polarized Light in Deep Oceans
The first part of this study is focused on numerical studies of light scattering from a single microscopic particle using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) method. The conventional DDA formalism is generalized to two cases: (a) inelastic light scattering from a dielectric particle and (b) light scattering from a particle with magnetic permeability u /= 1. The first generalization is applied to simulations of Raman scattering from bioaerosol particles, and the second generalization is applied to confi rmation of irregular invisibility cloaks made from metamaterials. In the second part, radiative transfer in a coupled atmosphere-ocean system is solved to study the asymptotic nature of the polarized light in deep oceans. The rate at which the radiance and the polarization approach their asymptotic forms in an ideal homogeneous water body are studied. Effects of the single scattering albedo and the volume scattering function are studied. A more realistic water body with vertical pro files for oceanic optical properties determined by a Case 1 water model is then assumed to study the e ffects of wavelength, Raman scattering, and surface waves. Simulated Raman scattering patterns computed from the generalized DDA formalism are found to be sensitive to the distribution of Raman active molecules in the host particle. Therefore one can infer how the Raman active molecules are distributed from a measured Raman scattering pattern. Material properties of invisibility cloaks with a few irregular geometries are given, and field distributions in the vicinity of the cloaked particles computed from the generalized DDA formalism con rm that the designated material properties lead to invisibility. The radiative transfer model calculation in deep oceans suggest that the underwater radiance approaches its asymptotic form more quickly than the polarization does. Therefore, a vector radiative transfer solution is necessary for asymptotic light field studies. For a typical homogeneous water body whose scattering property is characterized by the Petzold phase function, a single scattering albedo of w0 > 0:8 is required in order that the asymptotic regime can be reached before there are too few photons to be detected.
You, Yu
Global Ocean Meridional Overturning
A decade-mean global ocean circulation is estimated using inverse techniques, incorporating air�sea fluxes of heat and freshwater, recent hydrographic sections, and direct current measurements. This information is used to determine mass, heat, ...
Rick Lumpkin; Kevin Speer
2644 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 46, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2008 Ocean Wavenumber Estimation From
Wavenumber Estimation From Wave-Resolving Time Series Imagery Nathaniel G. Plant, K. Todd Holland gravity wavenumbers from wave-resolving remotely sensed image sequences. Two fundamentally different approaches that utilize these data exist. A power spectral density approach identifies wavenumbers where
Haller, Merrick
ESTIMATING DENSIlY OF DOLPHIN SCHOOLS IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN BY LINE TRANSECT METHODS
METHODS RENNIE S. HOLT! ABSTRACT Data were collected from aerial and research ship surveys to estimate several years. Aerial surveys were conducted in 1977 and 1979 (Fig. 1" and nine research ship cruises were May through August. A two-engine PBY amphibious patrol bomber was used in the 1977 aerial survey (SWFC
Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications Prepared for: Building Technologies Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy Prepared by: Navigant Consulting Inc. 1801 K Street, NW Suite 500 Washington DC, 20006 September 2008 * Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications Released: September 2008 Revised: October 2008 This DOE report presents research findings for twelve different niche markets where LEDs are competing or poised to compete with traditional light sources (e.g., incandescent and fluorescent). Estimates of the energy saved due to current levels of LED market penetration as well as estimates of potential energy savings if these markets switched completely to LEDs
Application of the parametric cost estimation in the textile supply chain
In a current high competitive business environment, cost estimation is a strategic tool in order to make decisions related to products during their design and development phases. Against traditional estimation methods, that needs to wait until the technical description of the product is completed, there exist new methods allowing to estimate the cost quickly and with an acceptable accuracy. Complementarily to cost management methods (for example, standard cost management analytic or Activity-Based Costing techniques), such new cost estimation methods may shorten the design phase when the rapidity of the conception is needed. This way may be valid when there is a huge number of models, and/or high level of new design rate. This paper compares various cost estimation methods in the textile context: their advantages, drawbacks, and applicability in the product life cycle. The parametric cost estimation model is particularly suited to the earliest stage of design-to-cost approach. It is widely used in different industrial domains such as aerospace, aircraft, telecommunication and automotive industries in order to accelerate and drive the product development process. Even though the industrial contexts seem to be different, this paper shows several possibilities of application of parametric cost estimation methods in the textile and garment industries, and the procedures and tools required for their computation. Finally, this approach has been applied to estimate the unitary cost of a representative family of wool textile fabrics.
M. Camargo; B. Rabenasolo; A-m. Jolly-desodt; J-m. Castelain
Application of Smoothed Estimators in Spectrum Sensing Technique Based on Model Selection
Application of Smoothed Estimators in Spectrum Sensing Technique Based on Model Selection Bassem--In cognitive radio networks, secondary user (SU) does not have rights to transmit when the primary user (PU technique based on distribution analysis was developed for sensing the spectrum holes in the PU band
Gesbert, David
Self-adaptive methods for acoustic focusing and mode extraction in a shallow ocean waveguide
1.1 Time-reversal in the shallow ocean . . . . . .applications versus ocean acoustic SONAR and communicationsH. Schmidt, Computational Ocean Acoustics, (AIP New York,
Walker, Shane C.
VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific
organic carbon fluxes in the ocean based on the quantitativetraps for estimating upper ocean particle fluxes. Journal ofZ. , 2004. Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment (
Buesseler, K.O.
An Observing System Simulation Experiment for the Indian Ocean
An integrated in situ Indian Ocean observing system (IndOOS) is simulated using a high-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with daily mean forcing, including an estimate of subdaily oceanic variability derived from observations. The ...
Gabriel A. Vecchi; Matthew J. Harrison
Evaluation of HOAPS-3 Ocean Surface Freshwater Flux Components
Today, latent heat flux and precipitation over the global ocean surface can be determined from microwave satellite data as a basis for estimating the related fields of the ocean surface freshwater flux. The Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and ...
Axel Andersson; Christian Klepp; Karsten Fennig; Stephan Bakan; Hartmut Grassl; J�rg Schulz
Dynamics of global ocean heat transport variability
A state-of-the-art, high-resolution ocean general circulation model is used to estimate the time-dependent global ocean heat transport and investigate its dynamics. The north-south heat transport is the prime manifestation ...
Jayne, Steven Robert
The purpose of these lectures is to present elements of the equations and algorithms used in numerical models of the large-scale ocean circulation. Such models generally integrate the ocean�s primitive equations, which are based on Newton�s Laws applied to a continuum fluid under hydrostatic balance in a spherical geometry, along with linear irreversible thermodynamics and subgrid scale (SGS) parameterizations. During formulations of both the kinematics and dynamics, we highlight issues related to the use of a generalized vertical coordinate. The vertical coordinate is arguably the most critical element determining how a model is designed and applications to which a model is of use.
Stephen M. Griffies
Application of the Continuous EUR Method to Estimate Reserves in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
Reserves estimation in unconventional (low/ultra-low permeability) reservoirs has become a topic of increased interest as more of these resources are being developed, especially in North America. The estimation of reserves in unconventional reservoirs is challenging due to the long transient flow period exhibited by the production data. The use of conventional methods (i.e., Arps' decline curves) to estimate reserves is often times inaccurate and leads to the overestimation of reserves because these models are only (theoretically) applicable for the boundary-dominated flow regime. The premise of this work is to present and demonstrate a methodology which continuously estimates the ultimate recovery during the producing life of a well in order to generate a time-dependent profile of the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). The "objective" is to estimate the final EUR value(s) from several complimentary analyses. In this work we present the "Continuous EUR Method" to estimate reserves for unconventional gas reservoirs using a rate-time analysis approach. This work offers a coherent process to reduce the uncertainty in reserves estimation for unconventional gas reservoirs by quantifying "upper" and "lower" limits of EUR prior to the onset of boundary-dominated flow. We propose the use of traditional and new rate-time relations to establish the "upper" limit for EUR. We clearly demonstrate that rate-time relations which better represent the transient and transitional flow regimes (in particular the power law exponential rate decline relation) often lead to a more accurate "upper" limit for reserves estimates � earlier in the producing life of a well (as compared to conventional ("Arps") relations). Furthermore, we propose a straight line extrapolation technique to offer a conservative estimate of maximum produced gas which we use as the "lower" limit for EUR. The EUR values estimated using this technique continually increase with time, eventually reaching a maximum value. We successfully demonstrate the methodology by applying the approach to 43 field examples producing from 7 different tight sandstone and shale gas reservoirs. We show that the difference between the "upper" and "lower" limit of reserves decreases with time and converges to the "true" value of reserves during the latter producing life of a well.
Currie, Stephanie M.
Synoptic Forecasting of the Oceanic Mixed Layer Using the Navy's Operational Environmental Data Base: Present Capabilities and Future Applications
A synoptic forecast model of the oceanic mixed layer has been developed for operational use at the U.S. Navy's Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (FNOC), Monterey, Calif. The potential success of this model depends critically on the quality of ...
R. Michael Clancy; Paul J. Martin
A New Solar Radiation Penetration Scheme for Use in Ocean Mixed Layer Studies: An Application to the Black Sea Using a Fine-Resolution Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)
A 1/25� � 1/25� cos(lat) (longitude � latitude) (?3.2-km resolution) eddy-resolving Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is introduced for the Black Sea and used to examine the effects of ocean turbidity on upper-ocean circulation features ...
A. Birol Kara; Alan J. Wallcraft; Harley E. Hurlburt
Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) Power-Energy Estimation for System-on-a-chip (SoC) Applications
EmbeddedDRAM (eDRAM) power-energy estimation is presented for system-on-a-chip (SOC) applications. The main feature is the signal swing based analytic (SSBA) model, which improves the accuracy of the conventional SRAM power-energy models. The SSBA model ... Keywords: embedded DRAM, power estimation
Yong-Ha Park; Hoi-Jun Yoo; Jeonghoon Kook
Measures and techniques for effort estimation of web applications: an empirical study based on a single-company dataset
Effort estimation is a key management activity which goes on throughout a software project being fundamental for accurate project planning and for allocating resources adequately. Thus, it is important to identify techniques and measures that can support ... Keywords: effort estimation, empirical validation, size measures, web applications
Sergio Di Martino; Filomena Ferrucci; Carmine Gravino; Emilia Mendes
Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Application
Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H 2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: 2008 Update March 26, 2009 v.30.2021.052209 Prepared by: Brian D. James & Jeffrey A. Kalinoski One Virginia Square 3601 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 650 Arlington, Virginia 22201 703-243-3383 Prepared for: Contract No. GS-10F-0099J to the U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program Foreword Energy security is fundamental to the mission of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have the potential to eliminate the need for oil in the transportation sector. Fuel cell vehicles can operate on hydrogen, which can be produced domestically, emitting less greenhouse gas and pollutants than
A particle swarm algorithm with broad applicability in shape-constrained estimation
In nonparametric function estimation, the inclusion of shape constraints can confer several advantages, including improved estimation accuracy, reduced sensitivity to smoothing parameters, and control over the qualitative appearance of the estimate. ... Keywords: Density estimation, Heuristic optimization, Kernel methods, Nonparametric estimation, Regression
Mark A. Wolters
Estimation of Biomass Heat Storage Using Thermal Infrared Imagery: Application to a Walnut Orchard
NOTE Estimation of Biomass Heat Storage Using Thermalmethod to estimate tree biomass heat storage from thermalinfrared (TIR) imaging of biomass surface temperature is
Garai, Anirban; Kleissl, Jan; Llewellyn Smith, Stefan G.
Ocean Datasets | Data.gov
Ocean Datasets Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean Ocean, Coast, and Great Lakes Planning...
Impacts of Shortwave Penetration Depth on Large-Scale Ocean Circulation and Heat Transport
The impact of changes in shortwave radiation penetration depth on the global ocean circulation and heat transport is studied using the GFDL Modular Ocean Model (MOM4) with two independent parameterizations that use ocean color to estimate the ...
Colm Sweeney; Anand Gnanadesikan; Stephen M. Griffies; Matthew J. Harrison; Anthony J. Rosati; Bonita L. Samuels
Ocean Currents from Successive Satellite Images: The Reciprocal Filtering Technique
Cross-correlation analyses of successive satellite images of the ocean surface can provide estimates of surface currents by tracking features of temperature or ocean color. While the technique successfully identifies many true vectors, it also ...
Ian J. Barton
Observations of Steep Wave Statistics in Open Ocean Waters
A new wavelet analysis methodology is proposed to estimate the statistics of steep waves. The method is applied to open ocean wave height data from the Southern Ocean Waves Experiment (1992) and from a field experiment conducted at Duck, North ...
Nicholas Scott; Tetsu Hara; Edward J. Walsh; Paul A. Hwang
A Comparison of Isoconversional and Model-Fitting Approaches to Kinetic Parameter Estimation and Application Predictions
Chemical kinetic modeling has been used for many years in process optimization, estimating real-time material performance, and lifetime prediction. Chemists have tended towards developing detailed mechanistic models, while engineers have tended towards global or lumped models. Many, if not most, applications use global models by necessity, since it is impractical or impossible to develop a rigorous mechanistic model. Model fitting acquired a bad name in the thermal analysis community after that community realized a decade after other disciplines that deriving kinetic parameters for an assumed model from a single heating rate produced unreliable and sometimes nonsensical results. In its place, advanced isoconversional methods (1), which have their roots in the Friedman (2) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (3) methods of the 1960s, have become increasingly popular. In fact, as pointed out by the ICTAC kinetics project in 2000 (4), valid kinetic parameters can be derived by both isoconversional and model fitting methods as long as a diverse set of thermal histories are used to derive the kinetic parameters. The current paper extends the understanding from that project to give a better appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of isoconversional and model-fitting approaches. Examples are given from a variety of sources, including the former and current ICTAC round-robin exercises, data sets for materials of interest, and simulated data sets.
Burnham, A K
Mod`ele Probit Multivarie Ordinal Dynamique. Application `a l'estimation de la Biomasse d'un
Mod`ele Probit Multivari´e Ordinal Dynamique. Application `a l'estimation de la Biomasse d Montpellier Cedex 5, France R´esum´e La biomasse d'un individu ou d'un peuplement est difficilement mesurable- ment, permettent d'´evaluer les biomasses pour diff´erents compartiments (feuille
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
A process called ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the heat energy stored in the Earth's oceans to generate electricity.
A Climatology of Ocean�Atmosphere Heat Flux Estimates over the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea: Implications for Recent Mass Coral Bleaching Events
A regional-scale estimate of the surface heat budget of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea (10��26�S, 142��155�E) has been developed for the period 1995�2005 in the hope of understanding the trends of sea surface temperatures and the surface ...
Evan Weller; Manuel Nunez; Gary Meyers; Itsara Masiri
Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030
The United States has jurisdiction over 3.4 million square miles of ocean��?an expanse greater than the land area of all fifty states combined. This vast marine area offers researchers opportunities to investigate the ocean��?s role in an integrated Earth system, but also presents challenges to society, including damaging tsunamis and hurricanes, industrial accidents, and outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill and 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami are vivid reminders that a broad range of infrastructure is needed to advance our still-incomplete understanding of the ocean. The National Research Council (NRC)��?s Ocean Studies Board was asked by the National Science and Technology Council��?s Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology, comprised of 25 U.S. government agencies, to examine infrastructure needs for ocean research in the year 2030. This request reflects concern, among a myriad of marine issues, over the present state of aging and obsolete infrastructure, insufficient capacity, growing technological gaps, and declining national leadership in marine technological development; issues brought to the nation��?s attention in 2004 by the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. A 15-member committee of experts identified four themes that encompass 32 future ocean research questions��?enabling stewardship of the environment, protecting life and property, promoting economic vitality, and increasing fundamental scientific understanding. Many of the questions in the report (e.g., sea level rise, sustainable fisheries, the global water cycle) reflect challenging, multidisciplinary science questions that are clearly relevant today, and are likely to take decades of effort to solve. As such, U.S. ocean research will require a growing suite of ocean infrastructure for a range of activities, such as high quality, sustained time series observations or autonomous monitoring at a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. Consequently, a coordinated national plan for making future strategic investments becomes an imperative to address societal needs. Such a plan should be based upon known priorities and should be reviewed every 5-10 years to optimize the federal investment. The committee examined the past 20 years of technological advances and ocean infrastructure investments (such as the rise in use of self-propelled, uncrewed, underwater autonomous vehicles), assessed infrastructure that would be required to address future ocean research questions, and characterized ocean infrastructure trends for 2030. One conclusion was that ships will continue to be essential, especially because they provide a platform for enabling other infrastructure ��? autonomous and remotely operated vehicles; samplers and sensors; moorings and cabled systems; and perhaps most importantly, the human assets of scientists, technical staff, and students. A comprehensive, long-term research fleet plan should be implemented in order to retain access to the sea. The current report also calls for continuing U.S. capability to access fully and partially ice-covered seas; supporting innovation, particularly the development of biogeochemical sensors; enhancing computing and modeling capacity and capability; establishing broadly accessible data management facilities; and increasing interdisciplinary education and promoting a technically-skilled workforce. The committee also provided a framework for prioritizing future investment in ocean infrastructure. They recommend that development, maintenance, or replacement of ocean research infrastructure assets should be prioritized in terms of societal benefit, with particular consideration given to usefulness for addressing important science questions; affordability, efficiency, and longevity; and ability to contribute to other missions or applications. These criteria are the foundation for prioritizing ocean research infrastructure investments by estimating
National Research Council
Wind Stress Measurements from the Open Ocean
An automatic inertial dissipation system was used during three cruises of the RRS Discovery in the Southern Ocean to obtain a large dataset of open ocean wind stress estimates. The wind speed varied from near calm to 26 m s?1, and the sea-air ...
Margaret Yelland; Peter K. Taylor
Causes for Large-Scale Hydrographic Changes at the Hawaii Ocean Time Series Station
Results from Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO)�Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) global ocean state estimate, available over the 11-yr period 1992 through 2002, are compared with independent observations available ...
D. Stammer; S. Park; A. K�hl; R. Lukas; F. Santiago-Mandujano
Determining the Ocean Circulation and Improving the Geoid from Satellite Altimetry
The combined problem of determining the ocean circulation and improving the geoid from satellite altimetry is formulated and studied. Minimum variance estimation is used to form optimum estimates of the ocean topography and the geoid. These ...
John C. Marshall
Development and Application of a Physical Approach to Estimating Wind Gusts
A new wind gust estimate method (denoted WGE method) is proposed. Contrary to most techniques used in operational weather forecasting, the determination of gusts in this approach is fully based on physical considerations. The main motivation for ...
O. Brasseur
An Early Performance Evaluation of the NEXRAD Dual Polarization Radar Rainfall Estimates for Urban Flood Applications
Dual polarization radars are expected to provide better rainfall estimates than single polarization radars due to their ability to characterize hydrometeor type. The goal of this study is to evaluate single and dual polarization radar rainfall ...
Luciana K. Cunha; James A. Smith; Mary Lynn Baeck; Witold F. Krajewski
Applications of the Barnes Objective Analysis Scheme. Part II: Improving Derivative Estimates
Two recently published objective analysis schemes improve derivative estimates obtained from observed field variables. Achtemeier proposed a hybrid successive-correction scheme that uses a very low pass Gaussian weight function on the first pass ...
Stanley L. Barnes
Extension of Spherical Nonparametric Estimators to Nonisotropic Kernels: An Oceanographic Application
In a recently published paper, spherical nonparametric estimators were applied to feature-track ensembles to determine a range of statistics for the atmospheric features considered. This approach obviates the types of bias normally introduced ...
K. I. Hodges
Continental Passive Microwave-Based Rainfall Estimation Algorithm: Application to the Amazon Basin
This paper presents a new statistical algorithm to estimate rainfall over the Amazon Basin region using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). The algorithm relies on empirical relationships derived for different ...
Thiago S. Biscaro; Carlos A. Morales
Parameter Estimation for Marked Point Processes. Application to Object Extraction from Remote Sensing Images
This communication addresses the problem of estimating the parameters of a family of marked point processes. These processes are of interest in extraction of object networks from remote sensing images. They are defined from a combination of several energy ...
Florent Chatelain; Xavier Descombes; Josiane Zerubia
Ocean Map | Data.gov
Map Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean Map Gallery Planning for ocean, coastal, and Great...
Gabor Transforms on the Sphere with Applications to CMB Power Spectrum Estimation
The Fourier transform of a dataset apodised with a window function is known as the Gabor transform. In this paper we extend the Gabor transform formalism to the sphere with the intention of applying it to CMB data analysis. The Gabor coefficients on the sphere known as the pseudo power spectrum is studied for windows of different size. By assuming that the pseudo power spectrum coefficients are Gaussian distributed, we formulate a likelihood ansatz using these as input parameters to estimate the full sky power spectrum from a patch on the sky. Since this likelihood can be calculated quickly without having to invert huge matrices, this allows for fast power spectrum estimation. By using the pseudo power spectrum from several patches on the sky together, the full sky power spectrum can be estimated from full-sky or nearly full-sky observations.
Frode K. Hansen; Krzysztof M. Gorski; Eric Hivon
Estimation of fatigue and extreme load distributions from limited data with application to wind energy systems.
An estimate of the distribution of fatigue ranges or extreme loads for wind turbines may be obtained by separating the problem into two uncoupled parts, (1) a turbine specific portion, independent of the site and (2) a site-specific description of environmental variables. We consider contextually appropriate probability models to describe the turbine specific response for extreme loads or fatigue. The site-specific portion is described by a joint probability distribution of a vector of environmental variables, which characterize the wind process at the hub-height of the wind turbine. Several approaches are considered for combining the two portions to obtain an estimate of the extreme load, e.g., 50-year loads or fatigue damage. We assess the efficacy of these models to obtain accurate estimates, including various levels of epistemic uncertainty, of the turbine response.
Fitzwater, LeRoy M. (Stanford University, Stanford, CA)
The Ventilated Ocean
Adiabatic theories of ocean circulation and density structure have a long tradition, from the concept of the ventilated thermocline to the notion that deep ocean ventilation is controlled by westerly winds over the Southern Ocean. This study ...
Patrick Haertel; Alexey Fedorov
Unknown input estimation for a class of nonlinear systems and its application to automotive engine controls
System unmodeled dynamics and uncertainties are common issues in the design of model based controllers and observers. One way to deal with this is to design an unknown input observer to estimate those unknown variables. However it is not feasible, if ...
Chia-Shang Liu; Pingan He
A Bayesian approach to power-spectrum significance estimation, with application to solar neutrino data
The usual procedure for estimating the significance of a peak in a power spectrum is to calculate the probability of obtaining that value or a larger value by chance, on the assumption that the time series contains only noise (e.g. that the measurements were derived from random samplings of a Gaussian distribution). However, it is known that one should regard this P-Value approach with caution. As an alternative, we here examine a Bayesian approach to estimating the significance of a peak in a power spectrum. This approach requires that we consider explicitly the hypothesis that the time series contains a periodic signal as well as noise. The challenge is to identify a probability distribution function for the power that is appropriate for this hypothesis. We propose what seem to be reasonable conditions to require of this function, and then propose a simple function that meets these requirements. We also propose a consistency condition, and check to see that our function satisfies this condition. We find that the Bayesian significance estimates are considerably more conservative than the conventional estimates. We apply this procedure to three recent analyses of solar neutrino data: (a) bimodality of GALLEX data; (b) power spectrum analysis of Super-Kamiokande data; and (c) the combined analysis of radiochemical neutrino data and irradiance data.
P. A. Sturrock
A new class of semi-mixed effects models and its application in small area estimation
In multi-level regression, using a fixed effect for each cluster leads to models that are flexible but that have poor estimation accuracy. In small area studies, for example, fixed effects models are typically over-parameterized. Regarding region as ... Keywords: Multilevel models, Panel data analysis, Semi-mixed effects models, Semiparametric regression, Small area statistics
Mar�a Jos� Lombard�a; Stefan Sperlich
Improved Accuracy of Radar WPMM Estimated Rainfall upon Application of Objective Classification Criteria
Application of the window probability matching method to radar and rain gauge data that have been objectivelyclassified into different rain types resulted in distinctly different Ze-R relationships for the various classifications.The ...
Daniel Rosenfeld; Eyal Amitai; David B. Wolff
Energy Basics: Ocean Resources
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Tidal Energy Wave Energy...
Ocean | Open Energy Information
Jump to: navigation, search TODO: Add description Related Links List of Ocean Thermal Incentives Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleOcean&oldid273467"...
Assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a promising renewable energy technology to generate electricity and has other applications such as production of freshwater, seawater air-conditioning, marine culture and chilled-soil ...
Muralidharan, Shylesh
Mesoscale Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction
coastal ocean to strong offshore winds: With application toand R. L. Smith, 1995: Offshore wind forcing in the Gulf ofwind stress maximum and CCS SST front located roughly 200 km further offshore
Seo, Hyodae
Mesoscale coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction
Ekman Volume Fluxes for the World Ocean and Individual Ocean Basins
Monthly climatological estimates of wind stress have been used to compute Ekman volume fluxes in the world ocean. Specifically, meridional and zonal Ekman volume fluxes have been computed and from the divergence of these horizontal components, ...
Sydney Levitus
Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: Part II. Application to patients
Purpose: Current methods for estimating and reporting radiation dose from CT examinations are largely patient-generic; the body size and hence dose variation from patient to patient is not reflected. Furthermore, the current protocol designs rely on dose as a surrogate for the risk of cancer incidence, neglecting the strong dependence of risk on age and gender. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for estimating patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk from CT examinations. Methods: The study included two patients (a 5-week-old female patient and a 12-year-old male patient), who underwent 64-slice CT examinations (LightSpeed VCT, GE Healthcare) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis at our institution in 2006. For each patient, a nonuniform rational B-spine (NURBS) based full-body computer model was created based on the patient's clinical CT data. Large organs and structures inside the image volume were individually segmented and modeled. Other organs were created by transforming an existing adult male or female full-body computer model (developed from visible human data) to match the framework defined by the segmented organs, referencing the organ volume and anthropometry data in ICRP Publication 89. A Monte Carlo program previously developed and validated for dose simulation on the LightSpeed VCT scanner was used to estimate patient-specific organ dose, from which effective dose and risks of cancer incidence were derived. Patient-specific organ dose and effective dose were compared with patient-generic CT dose quantities in current clinical use: the volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDI{sub vol}) and the effective dose derived from the dose-length product (DLP). Results: The effective dose for the CT examination of the newborn patient (5.7 mSv) was higher but comparable to that for the CT examination of the teenager patient (4.9 mSv) due to the size-based clinical CT protocols at our institution, which employ lower scan techniques for smaller patients. However, the overall risk of cancer incidence attributable to the CT examination was much higher for the newborn (2.4 in 1000) than for the teenager (0.7 in 1000). For the two pediatric-aged patients in our study, CTDI{sub vol} underestimated dose to large organs in the scan coverage by 30%-48%. The effective dose derived from DLP using published conversion coefficients differed from that calculated using patient-specific organ dose values by -57% to 13%, when the tissue weighting factors of ICRP 60 were used, and by -63% to 28%, when the tissue weighting factors of ICRP 103 were used. Conclusions: It is possible to estimate patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk from CT examinations by combining a validated Monte Carlo program with patient-specific anatomical models that are derived from the patients' clinical CT data and supplemented by transformed models of reference adults. With the construction of a large library of patient-specific computer models encompassing patients of all ages and weight percentiles, dose and risk can be estimated for any patient prior to or after a CT examination. Such information may aid in decisions for image utilization and can further guide the design and optimization of CT technologies and scan protocols.
Li Xiang; Samei, Ehsan; Segars, W. Paul; Sturgeon, Gregory M.; Colsher, James G.; Toncheva, Greta; Yoshizumi, Terry T.; Frush, Donald P. [Medical Physics Graduate Program, Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 (United States); Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics Graduate Program, Department of Physics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 (United States); Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 (United States); Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 (United States); Duke Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 (United States); Duke Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 (United States); Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 (United States)
Estimation of costs for applications of remediation technologies for the Department of Energy`s Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement
The Programmatic Environmental impact Statement (PEIS) being developed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) for environmental restoration (ER) and waste management (WM) activities expected to be carried out across the DOE`s nationwide complex of facilities is assessing the impacts of removing, transporting, treating, storing, and disposing of waste from these ER and WM activities. Factors being considered include health and safety impacts to the public and to workers, impacts on the environment, costs and socio-economic impacts, and near-term and residual risk during those ER and WM operations. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the methodology developed specifically for the PEIS to estimate costs associated with the deployment and application of individual remediation technologies. These individual costs are used in developing order-of-magnitude cost estimates for the total remediation activities. Costs are developed on a per-unit-of-material-to-be-treated basis (i.e., $/m{sup 3}) to accommodate remediation projects of varying sizes. The primary focus of this cost-estimating effort was the development of capital and operating unit cost factors based on the amount of primary media to be removed, handled, and treated. The unit costs for individual treatment technologies were developed using information from a variety of sources, mainly from periodicals, EPA documentation, handbooks, vendor contacts, and cost models. The unit cost factors for individual technologies were adjusted to 1991 dollars.
Villegas, A.J.; Hansen, R.I.; Humphreys, K.K.; Paananen, J.M.; Gildea, L.F.
Age estimation in forensic sciences: Application of combined aspartic acid racemization and radiocarbon analysis
Age determination of unknown human bodies is important in the setting of a crime investigation or a mass disaster, since the age at death, birth date and year of death, as well as gender, can guide investigators to the correct identity among a large number of possible matches. Traditional morphological methods used by anthropologists to determine age are often imprecise, whereas chemical analysis of tooth dentin, such as aspartic acid racemization has shown reproducible and more precise results. In this paper we analyze teeth from Swedish individuals using both aspartic acid racemization and radiocarbon methodologies. The rationale behind using radiocarbon analysis is that above-ground testing of nuclear weapons during the cold war (1955-1963) caused an extreme increase in global levels of carbon-14 ({sup 14}C) which have been carefully recorded over time. Forty-four teeth from 41 individuals were analyzed using aspartic acid racemization analysis of tooth crown dentin or radiocarbon analysis of enamel and ten of these were split and subjected to both radiocarbon and racemization analysis. Combined analysis showed that the two methods correlated well (R2=0.66, p < 0.05). Radiocarbon analysis showed an excellent precision with an overall absolute error of 0.6 {+-} 04 years. Aspartic acid racemization also showed a good precision with an overall absolute error of 5.4 {+-} 4.2 years. Whereas radiocarbon analysis gives an estimated year of birth, racemization analysis indicates the chronological age of the individual at the time of death. We show how these methods in combination can also assist in the estimation of date of death of an unidentified victim. This strategy can be of significant assistance in forensic casework involving dead victim identification.
Alkass, K; Buchholz, B A; Ohtani, S; Yamamoto, T; Druid, H; Spalding, S L
Application of Hedonic Price Modeling to Estimate the Value of Algae Meal
High productivity rates, usage of nonproductive land, renewability and recovery of waste nutrients and potential for CO2 emission reduction represent some of the advantages that selected algae species might have over competing products. Many research studies have investigated potential usage of algae for different purposes, such as cosmetics or aquaculture; however most of the research studies have focused on the feasibility of algae as a source of second generation biodiesel and feed meal. Because of its high costs of production, using algae only for the purpose of biodiesel production might not be profitable. Thus, for global scale algae commercialization it is important that it be used as a feed meal along with being marketed to the biodiesel industry. One of the major problems faced by economists when attempting to analyze the feasibility of algae is the absence of a market for algae-based fuel and meal. Given that no market exists, prices for algae cannot be observed and realistic investment analysis becomes difficult to perform in this sector. The objective of this study is to estimate a potential price of algae meal using hedonic pricing techniques. For that purpose, twenty two different feed meals commonly having the same usage as Post Extracted Algae Residue (PEAR) are decomposed into their chemical constituents in order to calculate the market value of each characteristic. Calculated prices of these characteristics are then used to estimate the price of algae meal and compare it to different feed meals. Results suggest that algae prices are strictly variable to its chemical components across different algae types. Besides, PEAR represents a sustainable source of financial value and might be considered one of the cornerstones in making algae commercialization a feasible and profitable option.
Gogichaishvili, Ilia
Estimation and reduction of the uncertainties in chemical models: Application to hot core chemistry
It is not common to consider the role of uncertainties in the rate coefficients used in interstellar gas-phase chemical models. In this paper, we report a new method to determine both the uncertainties in calculated molecular abundances and their sensitivities to underlying uncertainties in the kinetic data utilized. The method is used in hot core models to determine if previous analyses of the age and the applicable cosmic-ray ionization rate are valid. We conclude that for young hot cores ($\\le 10^4$ yr), the modeling uncertainties related to rate coefficients are reasonable so that comparisons with observations make sense. On the contrary, the modeling of older hot cores is characterized by strong uncertainties for some of the important species. In both cases, it is crucial to take into account these uncertainties to draw conclusions from the comparison of observations with chemical models.
Wakelam, V; Herbst, E; Caselli, P; Wakelam, Valentine; Selsis, Franck; Herbst, Eric; Caselli, Paola
Valentine Wakelam; Franck Selsis; Eric Herbst; Paola Caselli
Oceanic shipping soundscapes.
Shipping and wind are key sources in the oceanic soundscape that affects marine mammal habitats. A new method of forming such soundscapes is presented. Frequency and range dependent transmission losses are precomputed from a grid of virtual sources using fast ray computations (BELLHOP) on a specified number of radial lines. Each radial line samples the bathymetry along its bearing out to a given maximum range. A shipping soundscape is then estimated by assigning a source spectral density level (dB re 1 ? Pa2/Hz) and a shipping density (number of ships per unit area per unit time) to the various grid nodes. Such density values are obtained directly from ships carrying an automatic identification system (AIS) that transmit information such as ship type
Christian de Moustier; Michael Porter
About Ocean Community | Data.gov
About Ocean Community Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean About Ocean Community This...
Ocean Technical | Data.gov
Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean Technical Community of Practice Through a variety of...
Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: 2010 Update
Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H 2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: 2010 Update September 30, 2010 Prepared by: Brian D. James, Jeffrey A. Kalinoski & Kevin N. Baum One Virginia Square 3601 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 650 Arlington, Virginia 22201 703-243-3383 Prepared under: Subcontract No. AGB-0-40628-01 to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) under Prime Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 to the U.S. Department of Energy Foreword Energy security is fundamental to the mission of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have the potential to eliminate the need for oil in the transportation sector. Fuel cell vehicles can operate on hydrogen, which can be produced domestically, emitting less greenhouse gasses and pollutants than
Directionality and Crest Length Statistics of Steep Waves in Open Ocean Waters
A new wavelet analysis methodology is applied to open ocean wave height data from the Southern Ocean Waves Experiment (1992) and from a field experiment conducted at Duck, North Carolina, in 1997 with the aim of estimating the directionality and ...
Nicholas Scott; Tetsu Hara; Paul A. Hwang; Edward J. Walsh
Enhancement of Tropical Ocean Evaporation and Sensible Heat Flux by Atmospheric Mesoscale Systems
The enhancement of monthly averaged evaporation by atmospheric mesoscale systems is estimated from long-term hourly observations of surface meteorological data from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy ...
Steven K. Esbensen; Michael J. McPhaden
Wind-Driven Cross-Equatorial Flow in the Indian Ocean
Meridional velocity, mass, and heat transport in the equatorial oceans are difficult to estimate because of the nonapplicability of the geostrophic balance. For this purpose a steady-state model is utilized in the equatorial Indian Ocean using ...
M. Dolores P�rez-Hern�ndez; Alonso Hern�ndez-Guerra; Terrence M. Joyce; Pedro V�lez-Belch�
Variability in Southern Hemisphere Ocean Circulation from the 1980s to the 2000s
Interannual-to-decadal variability of ocean circulation in the Southern Hemisphere was examined using data from the 1980s to the 2000s in a box inverse model to estimate transport across hydrographic sections and three ocean general circulation ...
K. Katsumata; S. Masuda
Ocean Energy Technologies
Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface. As the world's largest solar collectors, oceans contain thermal energy from the sun and produce mechanical energy from tides and waves. Even...
Ocean shell noises
Ocean shell noises Name: Rick A Cazzato Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Why do you here noises when you put a ocean shell to your ear? Does this happen because of...
Mixing by ocean eddies
Mesoscale eddies mix and transport tracers such as heat and potential vorticity laterally in the ocean. While this transport plays an important role in the climate system, especially in the Southern Ocean, we lack a, ...
Abernathey, Ryan (Ryan Patrick)
NOAA's Environmental Response Management Application (ERMA),...
Energy Ethics Health Law Manufacturing Ocean Research Safety States Supply Chain NOAA's Environmental Response Management Application (ERMA), Atlantic Ocean Data Tools Technical...
Weighted average least squares estimation with nonspherical disturbances and an application to the Hong Kong housing market
The recently proposed 'weighted average least squares' (WALS) estimator is a Bayesian combination of frequentist estimators. It has been shown that the WALS estimator possesses major advantages over standard Bayesian model averaging (BMA) estimators: ... Keywords: Bayesian analysis, Housing demand, Model averaging, Monte Carlo
Jan R. Magnus; Alan T. K. Wan; Xinyu Zhang
Ocean | Data.gov
Ocean Ocean Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean Welcome to our COMMUNITY This is the National Ocean Council's portal for data, information, and decision tools to support people engaged in regional marine planning for the future use of the ocean, our coasts, and the Great Lakes. Our goal is to enhance discovery of and access to data and information for planners, stakeholders, and the public. Please visit our Feedback page to tell us what would make the site most useful to you as we expand our content. Start Here! Previous Pause Next PacIOOS - Pacific Islands Voyager PacIOOS - Pacific Islands Voyager View More West Coast Governors Alliance - Regional Data Framework West Coast Governors Alliance - Regional Data Framework View More Mid-Atlantic Ocean Data Portal
ocean | OpenEI
ocean ocean Dataset Summary Description This shapefile represents the seasonal winter depth profile to reach water at a temperature of 20ºC. Source NREL Date Released October 28th, 2012 (2 years ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords depth profile hydrokinetic ocean ocean energy ocean thermal energy conversion OTEC seawater cooling thermal Data application/zip icon OTEC Seawater Cooling 20ºC Depth Profile - Winter Average (zip, 1.1 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Peer Reviewed Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period March 2009 - February 2011 License License Other or unspecified, see optional comment below Comment This GIS data was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory ("NREL"), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE"). The user is granted the right, without any fee or cost, to use, copy, modify, alter, enhance and distribute this data for any purpose whatsoever, provided that this entire notice appears in all copies of the data. Further, the user of this data agrees to credit NREL in any publications or software that incorporate or use the data. Access to and use of the GIS data shall further impose the following obligations on the User. The names DOE/NREL may not be used in any advertising or publicity to endorse or promote any product or commercial entity using or incorporating the GIS data unless specific written authorization is obtained from DOE/NREL. The User also understands that DOE/NREL shall not be obligated to provide updates, support, consulting, training or assistance of any kind whatsoever with regard to the use of the GIS data. THE GIS DATA IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL DOE/NREL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO CLAIMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOSS OF DATA OR PROFITS, WHICH MAY RESULT FROM AN ACTION IN CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS CLAIM THAT ARISES OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE ACCESS OR USE OF THE GIS DATA. The User acknowledges that access to the GIS data is subject to U.S. Export laws and regulations and any use or transfer of the GIS data must be authorized under those regulations. The User shall not use, distribute, transfer, or transmit GIS data or any products incorporating the GIS data except in compliance with U.S. export regulations. If requested by DOE/NREL, the User agrees to sign written assurances and other export-related documentation as may be required to comply with U.S. export regulations.
Transport across 48�N in the Atlantic Ocean
Transports across 48�N in the Atlantic Ocean are estimated from five repeat World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) hydrographic lines collected in this region in 1993�2000, from time-varying air�sea heat and freshwater fluxes north of 48�N, ...
Rick Lumpkin; Kevin G. Speer; K. Peter Koltermann
Velocity and Stress in the Deep-Ocean Boundary Layer
In order to predict the response of deep ocean sediments to the near-bottom currents, accurate estimates of the near-bottom velocity and the boundary shear stress are necessary. Because of the unsteady nature of deep ocean currents, dynamic ...
S. R. McLean; J. Yean
The Application of Traits-Based Assessment Approaches to Estimate the Effects of Hydroelectric Turbine Passage on Fish Populations
One of the most important environmental issues facing the hydropower industry is the adverse impact of hydroelectric projects on downstream fish passage. Fish that migrate long distances as part of their life cycle include not only important diadromous species (such as salmon, shads, and eels) but also strictly freshwater species. The hydropower reservoirs that downstream-moving fish encounter differ greatly from free-flowing rivers. Many of the environmental changes that occur in a reservoir (altered water temperature and transparency, decreased flow velocities, increased predation) can reduce survival. Upon reaching the dam, downstream-migrating fish may suffer increased mortality as they pass through the turbines, spillways and other bypasses, or turbulent tailraces. Downstream from the dam, insufficient environmental flow releases may slow downstream fish passage rates or decrease survival. There is a need to refine our understanding of the relative importance of causative factors that contribute to turbine passage mortality (e.g., strike, pressure changes, turbulence) so that turbine design efforts can focus on mitigating the most damaging components. Further, present knowledge of the effectiveness of turbine improvements is based on studies of only a few species (mainly salmon and American shad). These data may not be representative of turbine passage effects for the hundreds of other fish species that are susceptible to downstream passage at hydroelectric projects. For example, there are over 900 species of fish in the United States. In Brazil there are an estimated 3,000 freshwater fish species, of which 30% are believed to be migratory (Viana et al. 2011). Worldwide, there are some 14,000 freshwater fish species (Magurran 2009), of which significant numbers are susceptible to hydropower impacts. By comparison, in a compilation of fish entrainment and turbine survival studies from over 100 hydroelectric projects in the United States, Winchell et al. (2000) found useful turbine passage survival data for only 30 species. Tests of advanced hydropower turbines have been limited to seven species - Chinook and coho salmon, rainbow trout, alewife, eel, smallmouth bass, and white sturgeon. We are investigating possible approaches for extending experimental results from the few tested fish species to predict turbine passage survival of other, untested species (Cada and Richmond 2011). In this report, we define the causes of injury and mortality to fish tested in laboratory and field studies, based on fish body shape and size, internal and external morphology, and physiology. We have begun to group the large numbers of unstudied species into a small number of categories, e.g., based on phylogenetic relationships or ecological similarities (guilds), so that subsequent studies of a few representative species (potentially including species-specific Biological Index Testing) would yield useful information about the overall fish community. This initial effort focused on modifying approaches that are used in the environmental toxicology field to estimate the toxicity of substances to untested species. Such techniques as the development of species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) and Interspecies Correlation Estimation (ICE) models rely on a considerable amount of data to establish the species-toxicity relationships that can be extended to other organisms. There are far fewer studies of turbine passage stresses from which to derive the turbine passage equivalent of LC{sub 50} values. Whereas the SSD and ICE approaches are useful analogues to predicting turbine passage injury and mortality, too few data are available to support their application without some form of modification or simplification. In this report we explore the potential application of a newer, related technique, the Traits-Based Assessment (TBA), to the prediction of downstream passage mortality at hydropower projects.
Cada, Glenn F [ORNL; Schweizer, Peter E [ORNL
Hydropower and Ocean Energy Resources and Technologies | Department of
Hydropower and Ocean Energy Resources and Technologies Hydropower and Ocean Energy Resources and Technologies Hydropower and Ocean Energy Resources and Technologies October 7, 2013 - 9:29am Addthis Photo of water flowing from several openings in a hydropower dam. Hydropower produces 10% of the nation's energy, including power from the Ice Harbor Dam in Burbank, Washington. This page provides a brief overview of hydropower and ocean energy resources and technologies supplemented by specific information to apply these technologies within the Federal sector. Overview Hydropower has been used for centuries to power machinery, but the application most commonly associated with hydropower is electricity production through dams. Ocean energy refers to various forms of renewable energy harnessed from the ocean. There are two primary types of ocean energy: mechanical and thermal.
Estimates of Turbulence from Numerical Weather Prediction Model Output with Applications to Turbulence Diagnosis and Data Assimilation
Estimates of small-scale turbulence from numerical model output are produced from local estimates of the spatial structure functions of model variables such as the velocity and temperature. The key assumptions used are the existence of a ...
Rod Frehlich; Robert Sharman
Inversion for subbottom sound velocity profiles in the deep and shallow ocean
This thesis investigates the application of acoustic measurements in the deep and shallow ocean to infer the sound velocity profile (svp) in the seabed. For the deep water ocean, an exact method based on the Gelfand-Levitan ...
Souza, Luiz Alberto Lopes de
Ocean - Quick Reference | Data.gov
- Quick Reference - Quick Reference Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov » Communities » Ocean Quick Ref 1) Q: How do I upload metadata into Data.gov? A: Federal Agencies: Data.gov is organized into separate catalogs to provide access to three classes of published, publicly accessible federal data and related access tools and services: "raw" data, geodata and applications, each with specific distinguishing characteristics. Although the selection criteria, approval, and submission process differ by department and agency, the following highlights the Data.gov submission process. Nomination of data or application Although any individual or organization may suggest a dataset or application for promotion to Data.gov, primary responsibility rests with
A new method to estimate three-dimensional residual mean circulation in the middle atmosphere and its application to gravity-wave resolving general circulation model data
We propose a new method to estimate three-dimensional (3-d) material circulation driven by waves based on recently-derived formulas by Kinoshita and Sato that are applicable both to Rossby waves and to gravity waves. The residual mean flow is ...
Kaoru Sato; Takenari Kinoshita; Kota Okamoto
Representation Error of Oceanic Observations for Data Assimilation
A simple approach to the estimation of representation error (RE) of sea level (?), temperature (T), and salinity (S) observations for ocean data assimilation is described. It is assumed that the main source of RE is due to unresolved processes ...
Peter R. Oke; Pavel Sakov
An Assessment of Wave Observations from Ships in Southern Oceans
Observations of wind waves and swell from ship reports are investigated. Comparisons are made between estimates of wave parameters made from ships in southern oceans by calculating correlations as a function of ship separation, and analyzing the ...
A. K. Laing
Weibull Statistics of Wind Speed over the Ocean
The probability distribution of wind speed data over the world's oceans is studied using a two-parameter Weibull distribution. The parameters are estimated following a linearized least-squares approach. The seasonal and latitudinal variation are ...
Edgar G. Pavia; James J. O'Brien
The Role of Internal Tides in Mixing the Deep Ocean
Internal wave theory is used to examine the generation, radiation, and energy dissipation of internal tides in the deep ocean. Estimates of vertical energy flux based on a previously developed model are adjusted to account for the influence of ...
Louis St. Laurent; Chris Garrett
Data-Based Meridional Overturning Streamfunctions for the Global Ocean
The meridional overturning circulation for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans is computed from absolute geostrophic velocity estimates based on hydrographic data and from climatological Ekman transports. The Atlantic overturn includes the ...
Lynne D. Talley; Joseph L. Reid; Paul E. Robbins
Heat Budget of Tropical Ocean and Atmosphere
Heat budget estimates for the global tropics are derived from recent calculations of the oceanic heat budget and satellite measurements of net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. Annual mean heat export from the zone 30�N�30�S amounts to 101 ...
Stefan Hastenrath
oceans - Geodata icon | Data.gov
oceans - Geodata icon Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean...
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Draft Programmaticof ocean thermal energy conversion technology. U.S. Depart~on Ocean TherUial Energy Conversion, June 18, 1979. Ocean
Sands, M.Dale
Oceanic Heat Flux Calculation
The authors review the procedure for the direct calculation of oceanic heat flux from hydrographic measurements and set out the full �recipe� that is required.
Sheldon Bacon; Nick Fofonoff
Resources Although the potential for ocean energy technologies is believed to be very large, no comprehensive studies have been conducted to date to determine an accurate resource...
On the Heat Budget of Hydrosphere and Atmosphere in the Indian Ocean
The heat budget of the atmosphere-ocean-land system in the Indian Ocean region (30�N�30�S, 30�120�E) is studied on the basis of ocean surface heat flux calculations from long-term ship observations and satellite-derived estimates of net radiation ...
Stefan Hastenrath; Peter J. Lamb
Tropical Oceanic Response to Extratropical Thermal Forcing in a Coupled Climate Model: A Comparison between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
The tropical oceanic response to the extratropical thermal forcing is quantitatively estimated in a coupled climate model. This work focuses on comparison of the responses between the tropical Atlantic and Pacific. Under the same extratropical ...
Haijun Yang; Lu Wang
Constraining oceanic dust deposition using surface ocean dissolved Al
Iron, manganese and lead at Hawaii Ocean Time-series stationof beryllium to the oceans, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , 114,organic carbon fluxes in the ocean based on the quantitative
Han, Qin; Moore, J. Keith; Zender, Charles; Measures, Chris; Hydes, David
Ocean Health and Human Health
et al. 2002. Indicators of ocean health and human health:Nature 423:280�283. Oceans and Human Health Act. 2003. S.Editorial Guest Editorial Ocean Health and Human Health
Turbine speed control for an ocean wave energy conversion system
In this work, a hydraulic turbine speed governor is proposed in view of its application in an isolated electric generation system based on an ocean wave energy converter (WEC). The proposed strategy is based on cascade closed-loop control combined with ... Keywords: Pelton turbine, cascade control, feedforward control, ocean wave energy, speed governor
Paula B. Garcia-Rosa; Jos� Paulo V. S. Cunha; Fernando Lizarralde
Ocean General Circulation Models
1. Definition of Subject The purpose of this text is to provide an introduction to aspects of oceanic general circulation models (OGCMs), an important component of Climate System or Earth System Model (ESM). The role of the ocean in ESMs is described in Chapter XX (EDITOR: PLEASE FIND THE COUPLED CLIMATE or EARTH SYSTEM MODELING CHAPTERS). The emerging need for understanding the Earth�s climate system and especially projecting its future evolution has encouraged scientists to explore the dynamical, physical, and biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Understanding the role of these processes in the climate system is an interesting and challenging scientific subject. For example, a research question how much extra heat or CO2 generated by anthropogenic activities can be stored in the deep ocean is not only scientifically interesting but also important in projecting future climate of the earth. Thus, OGCMs have been developed and applied to investigate the various oceanic processes and their role in the climate system.
Yoon, Jin-Ho; Ma, Po-Lun
Wavenumber Spectrum of Very Short Wind Waves: An Application of Two-Dimensional Slepian Windows to Spectral Estimation
A multitaper 2D spectral estimation method is developed for increasing the degree of freedom of the estimation. The core of this method is 2D Slepian eigen windows that are optimum in the sense of minimizing the spectral leakage. Wavenumber ...
Xin Zhang
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Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Ocean Thermal Jump to: navigation, search TODO: Add description List of Ocean Thermal Incentives...
Energy Basics: Ocean Energy Technologies
The Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems program: Understanding and managing our coastal ocean. Volume 2: Overview and invited papers
This document is a compilation of summaries of papers presented at the Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems workshop. Topics include; marine forecasting, regulatory agencies and regulations, research and application models, research and operational observing, oceanic and atmospheric data assimilation, and coastal physical processes.
Major role of marine vegetation on the oceanic carbon cycle
Abstract. The carbon burial in vegetated sediments, ignored in past assessments of carbon burial in the ocean, was evaluated using a bottom-up approach derived from upscaling a compilation of published individual estimates of carbon burial in vegetated habitats (seagrass meadows, salt marshes and mangrove forests) to the global level and a top-down approach derived from considerations of global sediment balance and a compilation of the organic carbon content of vegeatated sediments. Up-scaling of individual burial estimates values yielded a total carbon burial in vegetated habitats of 111 Tmol C y ?1. The total burial in unvegetated sediments was estimated to be 126 Tg C y ?1, resulting in a bottom-up estimate of total burial in the ocean of about 244 Tg C y ?1, two-fold higher than estimates of oceanic carbon burial that presently enter global carbon budgets. The organic carbon
C. M. Duarte; J. J. Middelburg; N. Caraco
Mass Production Cost Estimation For Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systesm for Automotive Applications: 2010 Update
Fuel Cell Technologies Publication and Product Library (EERE)
This report is the fourth annual update of a comprehensive automotive fuel cell cost analysis. It contains estimates for material and manufacturing costs of complete 80 kWnet direct?hydrogen proton ex
Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: 2007 Update
This report estimates fuel cell system cost for systems produced in the years 2007, 2010, and 2015, and is the first annual update of a comprehensive automotive fuel cell cost analysis.
Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: 2008 Update
This report estimates fuel cell system cost for systems produced in the years 2006, 2010, and 2015, and is the second annual update of a comprehensive automotive fuel cell cost analysis.
Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: 2009 Update
This report is the third annual update of a comprehensive automotive fuel cell cost analysis. It contains estimates for material and manufacturing cost of complete 80 kWnet direct hydrogen proton exch
Application of an Artificial Neural Network Simulation for Top-of-Atmosphere Radiative Flux Estimation from CERES
The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) provides top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative flux estimates from shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiance measurements by applying empirical angular distribution models (ADMs) for scene ...
Konstantin Loukachine; Norman G. Loeb
Regional Parameter Estimation of the VIC Land Surface Model: Methodology and Application to River Basins in China
This paper presents a methodology for regional parameter estimation of the three-layer Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC-3L) land surface model with the goal of improving the streamflow simulation for river basins in China. This methodology is ...
Zhenghui Xie; Fei Yuan; Qingyun Duan; Jing Zheng; Miaoling Liang; Feng Chen
Application of the backward-smoothing extended Kalman filter to attitude estimation and prediction using radar observations
The Lincoln Attitude Estimation System (LAES), a new tool being developed for the Space Situational Awareness Group (SSAG) at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, integrates several existing hardware and software systems, with a ...
Volpe, Kyle Clarke
Constraining oceanic dust deposition using surface ocean dissolved Al Qin Han,1 J. Keith Moore,1; accepted 7 December 2007; published 12 April 2008. [1] We use measurements of ocean surface dissolved Al (DEAD) model to constrain dust deposition to the oceans. Our Al database contains all available
Moore, Keith
Microbial metabolism in the deep ocean
carbon flux through the ocean�s twilight zone. Science 316:sinking particle flux in the ocean�s twilight zone. LimnolRespiration in the dark ocean. Geophys Res Lett 30:doi:
Hansman, Roberta Lynn
Microbial Metabollism in the Deep Ocean
Hansman, Roberta L
Radioactive waste packages containing water and/or organic substances have the potential to radiolytically generate hydrogen and other combustible gases. Typically, the radiolytic gas generation rate is estimated from the energy deposition rate and the radiolytic gas yield. Estimation of the energy deposition rate must take into account the contributions from all radionuclides. While the contributions from non-gamma emitting radionuclides are relatively easy to estimate, an average geometry factor must be computed to determine the contribution from gamma emitters. Hitherto, no satisfactory method existed for estimating the geometry factors for a cylindrical package. In the present study, a formulation was developed taking into account the effect of photon buildup. A prototype code, called PC-CAGE, was developed to numerically solve the integrals involved. Based on the selected dimensions for a cylinder, the specified waste material, the photon energy of interest and a value for either the absorption or attenuation coefficient, the code outputs values for point and average geometry factors. These can then be used to estimate the internal dose rate to the material in the cylinder and hence to calculate the radiolytic gas generation rate. Besides the ability to estimate the rates of radiolytic gas generation, PC-CAGE can also estimate the dose received by the container material. This is based on values for the point geometry factors at the surface of the cylinder. PC-CAGE was used to calculate geometry factors for a number of cylindrical geometries. Estimates for the absorbed dose rate in container material were also obtained. The results for Ontario Power Generation's 3 m3 resin containers indicate that about 80% of the source gamma energy is deposited internally. In general, the fraction of gamma energy deposited internally depends on the dimensions of the cylinder, the material within it and the photon energy; the fraction deposited increases with increasing dimensions of the cylinder and decreases with increasing photon energy.
Husain, A.; Lewis, Brent J.
Ocean bottom seisometer
An improved ocean bottom seismometer is described comprising: a spherical-shaped main housing having a seismic acquisition portion and a ballast portion below the acquisition portion. The ballast portion controls the ascent and descent of the ocean bottom seismometer; a conical skirt fixed to the main housing elevating the main housing above a horizontal plane coincident with a base of the skirt. The skirt is capable of confining fluid under the main housing when the base rests on an ocean bottom; spherical compartments mounted inside the skirt; and a lifting hook mounted on the outside of the main housing.
Neeley, W.P.
Error Covariance Modeling in the GMAO Ocean Ensemble Kalman Filter
In practical applications of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for ocean data assimilation, the computational burden and memory limitations usually require a trade-off between ensemble size and model resolution. This is certainly true for the ...
Christian L. Keppenne; Michele M. Rienecker; Jossy P. Jacob; Robin Kovach
13.012 Hydrodynamics for Ocean Engineering, Fall 2002
Development of the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics and their simplifications for several areas of marine hydrodynamics. Application of these principles to the solution of ocean engineering problems. Topics include ...
Techet, Alexandra Hughes
Nonlinear Midlatitude Ocean Adjustment
Ocean adjustment on annual to interdecadal scales to variable forcing is considered for a more nonlinear general circulation than has previously been studied. The nature of the response is a strong function of forcing frequency and importantly ...
William K. Dewar
Carbon in Atlantic Ocean
in Atlantic Ocean About CARINA NDP-091: CARINA Data Synthesis Project The CARINA Group CARINA Cruise Summary Table and Data CARINA Data Products CARINA Database V1.2 ODV Collection...
Tropical Ocean Circulation Experiments
A primitive equation model of the equatorial Pacific Ocean was forced by realistic wind stress distributions over decades. Results were presented for a set of two experiments. In the first experiment the model was forced by an objectively ...
Mojib Latif
Modeling the Pacific Ocean
Two numerical models utilizing primitive equations (two momentum equations and a mass continuity equation) simulate the oceanography of the Pacific Ocean from 20{degrees}S to 50{degrees}N. The authors examine the abundant model data through visualization , by animating the appropriate model fields and viewing the time history of each model simulation as a color movie. The animations are used to aid understanding of ocean circulation.
Johnson, M.A.; O' Brien, J.J. (Mesoscale Air-Sea Interaction Group, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (US))
BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (Tursiops truncatus): Northern Gulf of Mexico Oceanic Stock
Thirty-eight stocks have been provisionally identified for Gulf of Mexico bottlenose dolphins (Waring et al. 2001). Gulf of Mexico inshore habitat has been separated into 33 bay, sound and estuarine stocks. Three northern Gulf of Mexico coastal stocks include nearshore waters from the shore to the 20 m isobath. The continental shelf stock encompasses waters from 20 to 200 m deep. The Gulf of Mexico oceanic stock encompasses the waters from the 200 m isobath to the seaward extent of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ; Figure 1). Both �coastal/nearshore � and �offshore � ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins (Hersh and Duffield 1990) occur in the Gulf of Mexico (LeDuc and Curry 1998). The offshore and nearshore ecotypes are genetically distinct using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers (Hoelzel et al. 1998). In the northwestern Atlantic, Torres et al. (2003) found a statistically significant break in the distribution of the ecotypes at 34 km from shore. The offshore ecotype was found exclusively seaward of 34 km and in waters deeper than 34 m. Within 7.5 km of shore, all animals were of the coastal ecotype. If the distribution of ecotypes found by Torres et al. (2003) is similar in the northern Gulf of Mexico, the oceanic stock consists of the offshore ecoptype. Based on research currently being conducted on bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as the western North Atlantic Ocean, the structure of these stocks is uncertain, but appears to be complex. The multi-disciplinary research programs conducted over the last two decades (e.g., Wells 1994) are beginning to shed light on stock structures of bottlenose dolphins, though additional analyses are needed before stock structures can be elaborated on in the Gulf of Mexico. As research is completed, it may be necessary to revise all the stocks of bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Mexico. POPULATION SIZE Estimates of abundance were derived through the application of distance sampling
Stock Definition; Geographic Range
Flexible ocean upwelling pipe
DOE Patents (OSTI)
In an ocean thermal energy conversion facility, a cold water riser pipe is releasably supported at its upper end by the hull of the floating facility. The pipe is substantially vertical and has its lower end far below the hull above the ocean floor. The pipe is defined essentially entirely of a material which has a modulus of elasticity substantially less than that of steel, e.g., high density polyethylene, so that the pipe is flexible and compliant to rather than resistant to applied bending moments. The position of the lower end of the pipe relative to the hull is stabilized by a weight suspended below the lower end of the pipe on a flexible line. The pipe, apart from the weight, is positively buoyant. If support of the upper end of the pipe is released, the pipe sinks to the ocean floor, but is not damaged as the length of the line between the pipe and the weight is sufficient to allow the buoyant pipe to come to a stop within the line length after the weight contacts the ocean floor, and thereafter to float submerged above the ocean floor while moored to the ocean floor by the weight. The upper end of the pipe, while supported by the hull, communicates to a sump in the hull in which the water level is maintained below the ambient water level. The sump volume is sufficient to keep the pipe full during heaving of the hull, thereby preventing collapse of the pipe.
Person, Abraham (Los Alamitos, CA)
NREL: Energy Analysis - Ocean Energy Results - Life Cycle Assessment
Ocean Energy Results - Life Cycle Assessment Review Ocean Energy Results - Life Cycle Assessment Review For more information, visit: Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation: Ocean Energy OpenEI: Data, Visualization, and Bibliographies Chart that shows life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for ocean power technologies. For help reading this chart, please contact the webmaster. Estimates of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of wave and tidal range technologies. Credit: Lewis, A., S. Estefen, J. Huckerby, W. Musial, T. Pontes, J. Torres-Martinez, 2011: Ocean Energy. In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press. Figure 6.11 Enlarge image
ocean energy | OpenEI Community
ocean energy ocean energy Home Kch's picture Submitted by Kch(24) Member 9 April, 2013 - 13:30 MHK Cost Breakdown Structure Draft CBS current energy GMREC LCOE levelized cost of energy marine energy MHK ocean energy The generalized Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) for marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) projects is a hierarchical structure designed to facilitate the collection and organization of lifecycle costs of any type of MHK project, including wave energy converters and current energy convertners. At a high level, the categories in the CBS will be applicable to all projects; at a detailed level, however, the CBS includes many cost categories that will pertain to one project but not others. It is expected that many of the detailed levels of the CBS will be populated with "NA" or left blank.Upload
Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations
Annual and monthly mean values of continental freshwater discharge into the oceans are estimated at 1� resolution using several methods. The most accurate estimate is based on streamflow data from the world's largest 921 rivers, supplemented with ...
Aiguo Dai; Kevin E. Trenberth
Climatic Comparisons of Estimated and Measured Winds from Ships
Wind speed records from twelve Ocean Weather Stations (OWS's) are compared to estimates from transient ships in the general vicinity of the on-station OWS position. Measured and estimated winds from transient ships within specified areas are also ...
Robert G. Quayle
Shipping source level estimation for ambient noise forecasting
The ability to accurately estimate shipping source levels from ambient noise data is an essential step towards creating a forecast model of the ocean soundscape. Source level estimates can be obtained by solving the system of linear equations
Jeffrey S. Rogers; Steven L. Means; Stephen C. Wales
Ocean energy contract list, fiscal year 1990
The purpose of the federal Ocean Energy Technology (OET) Program is to develop techniques that harness ocean energy (waves, currents, and thermal and salinity gradients) in a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable manner. The OET Program seeks to develop ocean energy technology to a point at which the commercial sector can assess whether applications of the technology are viable energy conversion alternatives or supplements to systems. The federal OET Program is conducted by DOE and is assigned to the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy. Past studies conducted by the US Department of Energy (DOE) have identified ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) as the largest potential contributor to US energy supplies from the ocean resource. As a result, of the OET Program concentrates on research to advance OTEC technology. The FY 1990 contract overview comprises a list of all subcontracts begun, ongoing, or completed during FY 1990 (October 1, 1989, through September 30, 1990). Under each managing laboratory, projects are listed alphabetically by project area and then by subcontractor name.
Task 3: PNNL Visit by JAEA Researchers to Participate in TODAM Code Applications to Fukushima Rivers and to Evaluate the Feasibility of Adaptation of FLESCOT Code to Simulate Radionuclide Transport in the Pacific Ocean Coastal Water Around Fukushima
Four JAEA researchers visited PNNL for two weeks in February, 2013 to learn the PNNL-developed, unsteady, one-dimensional, river model, TODAM and the PNNL-developed, time-dependent, three dimensional, coastal water model, FLESCOT. These codes predict sediment and contaminant concentrations by accounting sediment-radionuclide interactions, e.g., adsorption/desorption and transport-deposition-resuspension of sediment-sorbed radionuclides. The objective of the river and coastal water modeling is to simulate � 134Cs and 137Cs migration in Fukushima rivers and the coastal water, and � their accumulation in the river and ocean bed along the Fukushima coast. Forecasting the future cesium behavior in the river and coastal water under various scenarios would enable JAEA to assess the effectiveness of various on-land remediation activities and if required, possible river and coastal water clean-up operations to reduce the contamination of the river and coastal water, agricultural products, fish and other aquatic biota. PNNL presented the following during the JAEA visit to PNNL: � TODAM and FLESCOT�s theories and mathematical formulations � TODAM and FLESCOT model structures � Past TODAM and FLESCOT applications � Demonstrating these two codes' capabilities by applying them to simple hypothetical river and coastal water cases. � Initial application of TODAM to the Ukedo River in Fukushima and JAEA researchers' participation in its modeling. PNNL also presented the relevant topics relevant to Fukushima environmental assessment and remediation, including � PNNL molecular modeling and EMSL computer facilities � Cesium adsorption/desorption characteristics � Experiences of connecting molecular science research results to macro model applications to the environment � EMSL tour � Hanford Site road tour. PNNL and JAEA also developed future course of actions for joint research projects on the Fukushima environmental and remediation assessments.
Onishi, Yasuo
Estimation and Model Validation of Surface Solar Radiation and Cloud Radiative Forcing Using TOGA COARE Measurements
The Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean�Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) radiation measurements in the western Pacific warm pool are used to estimate surface solar radiation budgets and to validate radiation model ...
Ming-Dah Chou; Wenzhong Zhao
Estimating Contemporary and Future Wind-Damage Losses from Hurricanes Affecting Eglin Air Force Base, Florida
The strongest hurricanes over the North Atlantic Ocean are getting stronger, with the increase related to rising ocean temperature. Here, the authors develop a procedure for estimating future wind losses from hurricanes and apply it to Eglin Air ...
James B. Elsner; Shawn W. Lewers; Jill C. Malmstadt; Thomas H. Jagger
Estimation of Meridional Heat Flux in the North Atlantic by Inverse Methods
Hydrographic sections spanning the Atlantic Ocean at 24, 36 and 48�N are used to make an estimate of meridional heat flux in the ocean. An inverse method provides reference level velocities for geostrophic calculations, consistent with ...
Dean Roemmich
Improvement of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size Estimation Algorithms
Previous work, in which Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data from the Atlantic Ocean and east Pacific Ocean basins during 1999�2001 were used to provide objective estimates of 1-min maximum sustained surface winds, minimum sea level ...
Julie L. Demuth; Mark DeMaria; John A. Knaff
small-scale features in ocean winds. Science, 303, Chelton,of the regional coupled ocean-atmosphere model RCAO. Borealstress dependence on ocean surface velocity: implications
Ocean - Community Practice Block | Data.gov
Community Practice Block Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean...
Mesozooplankton trophic variability in a changing ocean
trends in contemporary ocean productivity. Nature 444: 752-Gyre Oscillation links ocean climate and ecosystem change.biomass from satellite ocean colour. J. Mar. Syst. 78: 18-
D�cima, Moira
Ocean Map National | Data.gov
National Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean Featured Maps The following maps are from data...
Ocean Feedback Form | Data.gov
Feedback Form Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean Comments or Suggestions Name * Email Topic...
Seawater pump study: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Program. Final report. [For ocean thermal power plants
The pumping power required to move cold seawater and warm seawater through an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) power plant is a significant portion of the plant power output; therefore, seawater pump performance, sizing, and cost information are very influential inputs into any power plant system design optimizations. The analysis and evaluation of large seawater pumping systems selected specifically for the OTEC application are provided with a view toward judging the impact of pump selection on overall OTEC power plant performance. A self-contained bulb, direct drive, axial flow pump was found to have a distinct advantage in performance and arrangement flexibility. A design of a pump operating at a net total head rise of 3.5 meters and a flow capacity of 100 m/sup 3//s is presented including pump blade geometry (profiles), pump diffuser geometry, and pump/diffuser configuration and performance. Results are presented in terms of the geometric and power requirements of several related pump designs over a range of seawater capacity from 25 m/sup 3//s to 100 m/sup 3//s. Summary analysis and evaluations include pump design weights and cost estimates.
Little, T.E.
Ocean Eddy Dynamics in a Coupled Ocean�Atmosphere Model
The role of mesoscale oceanic eddies is analyzed in a quasigeostrophic coupled ocean�atmosphere model operating at a large Reynolds number. The model dynamics are characterized by decadal variability that involves nonlinear adjustment of the ...
P. Berloff; W. Dewar; S. Kravtsov; J. McWilliams
Indian Ocean Intraseasonal Variability in an Ocean General Circulation Model
The impact of atmospheric intraseasonal variability on the tropical Indian Ocean is examined with an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The model is forced by observation-based wind stresses and surface heat fluxes from an atmospheric ...
A. Schiller; J. S. Godfrey
Steam Generator Management Program: Applicability of EDF's Steam Generator Blockage Ratio Estimation Method to Plant Shutdown Transients
Electricit� de France (EDF) has developed a technique that it uses to estimate the level of deposit buildup on steam generator tube support plates at its pressurized water reactor (PWR) units in France. The technique could potentially be of use to other PWR operators, but it needs to be carefully evaluated to determine what adaptations would be necessary to enable it to be used accurately at other plants. This report documents work undertaken by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and EDF to det...
Estimated Water Flows in 2005: United States
Flow charts depicting water use in the United States have been constructed from publicly available data and estimates of water use patterns. Approximately 410,500 million gallons per day of water are managed throughout the United States for use in farming, power production, residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Water is obtained from four major resource classes: fresh surface-water, saline (ocean) surface-water, fresh groundwater and saline (brackish) groundwater. Water that is not consumed or evaporated during its use is returned to surface bodies of water. The flow patterns are represented in a compact 'visual atlas' of 52 state-level (all 50 states in addition to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands) and one national water flow chart representing a comprehensive systems view of national water resources, use, and disposition.
Smith, C A; Belles, R D; Simon, A J
Interactions of the Tropical Oceans
The authors have investigated the interactions of the tropical oceans on interannual timescales by conducting a series of uncoupled atmospheric and oceanic general circulation experiments and hybrid-coupled model simulations. The results ...
M. Latif; T. P. Barnett
Climate and the Tropical Oceans
An attempt is made to determine the role of the ocean in establishing the mean tropical climate and its sensitivity to radiative perturbations. A simple two-box energy balance model is developed that includes ocean heat transports as an ...
Amy Clement; Richard Seager
Energy Technologies Photo of low waves in the ocean. A dock is visible in the background. Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface. As the world's largest solar...
On the Climatic Impact of Ocean Circulation
Integrations of coupled climate models with mixed-layer and fixed-current ocean components are used to explore the climatic response to varying magnitudes of ocean circulation. Four mixed-layer ocean experiments without ocean heat transports are ...
Michael Winton
Navigating oceans of data
Some science domains have the advantage that the bulk of the data comes from a single source instrument, such as a telescope or particle collider. More commonly, big data implies a big variety of data sources. For example, the Center for Coastal Margin ... Keywords: environmental data, ocean observatories, spatial-temporal data management
David Maier; V. M. Megler; Ant�nio M. Baptista; Alex Jaramillo; Charles Seaton; Paul J. Turner
An Ocean Dynamical Thermostat
The role of ocean dynamics in the regulation of tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is investigated using the Zebiak-Cane coupled occan-atmosphere model. The model is forced with a uniform heating, or cooling, varying between �40 W m?2 into ...
Amy C. Clement; Richard Seager; Mark A. Cane; Stephen E. Zebiak
Previous researchers have developed correlations between oxide electronegativity and oxide basicity. The present paper revises those correlations using a newer method of calculating electronegativity of the oxygen anion. Basicity is expressed using the Smith {alpha} parameter scale. A linear relation was found between the oxide electronegativity and the Smith {alpha} parameter, with an R{sup 2} of 0.92. An example application of this new correlation to the durability of high-level nuclear waste glass is demonstrated. The durability of waste glass was found to be directly proportional to the quantity and basicity of the oxides of tetrahedrally coordinated network forming ions.
Michael Cox (1941�1989): His Pioneering Contributions to Ocean Circulation Modeling
Michael Cox was a pioneer in the development and application of numerical models to the study of the ocean circulation. His simulation of the response of the Indian Ocean to the monsoons was one of the first applications of a numerical model to ...
Kirk Bryan
Interannual and Decadal Changes in Equatorial Wind Stress in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Eastern Ocean Coastal Response
Recently, Clarke and Lebedev showed that ?, the low-frequency eastward equatorial wind stress zonally averaged along the equator, can, in the case of the Pacific Ocean winds, be linearly estimated by ?p, the surface atmospheric pressure ...
Allan J. Clarke; Anna Lebedev
1138 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 Observational Evidence for Oceanic Controls on Hurricane Intensity
The influence of oceanic changes on tropical cyclone activity is investigated using observational estimates of sea surface temperature (SST), air�sea fluxes, and ocean subsurface thermal structure during the period 1998� 2007. SST conditions are examined before, during, and after the passage of tropical cyclones, through Lagrangian composites along cyclone tracks across all ocean basins, with particular focus on the North Atlantic. The influence of translation speed is explored by separating tropical cyclones according to the translation
Ian D. Lloyd; Gabriel A. Vecchi
A Parallel Ocean Model With Adaptive Mesh Refinement Capability For Global Ocean Prediction
An ocean model with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) capability is presented for simulating ocean circulation on decade time scales. The model closely resembles the LLNL ocean general circulation model with some components incorporated from other well known ocean models when appropriate. Spatial components are discretized using finite differences on a staggered grid where tracer and pressure variables are defined at cell centers and velocities at cell vertices (B-grid). Horizontal motion is modeled explicitly with leapfrog and Euler forward-backward time integration, and vertical motion is modeled semi-implicitly. New AMR strategies are presented for horizontal refinement on a B-grid, leapfrog time integration, and time integration of coupled systems with unequal time steps. These AMR capabilities are added to the LLNL software package SAMRAI (Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement Application Infrastructure) and validated with standard benchmark tests. The ocean model is built on top of the amended SAMRAI library. The resulting model has the capability to dynamically increase resolution in localized areas of the domain. Limited basin tests are conducted using various refinement criteria and produce convergence trends in the model solution as refinement is increased. Carbon sequestration simulations are performed on decade time scales in domains the size of the North Atlantic and the global ocean. A suggestion is given for refinement criteria in such simulations. AMR predicts maximum pH changes and increases in CO{sub 2} concentration near the injection sites that are virtually unattainable with a uniform high resolution due to extremely long run times. Fine scale details near the injection sites are achieved by AMR with shorter run times than the finest uniform resolution tested despite the need for enhanced parallel performance. The North Atlantic simulations show a reduction in passive tracer errors when AMR is applied instead of a uniform coarse resolution. No dramatic or persistent signs of error growth in the passive tracer outgassing or the ocean circulation are observed to result from AMR.
Herrnstein, A
Why Sequence Subarctic Pacific Ocean?
Sequence Subarctic Pacific Ocean? Sequence Subarctic Pacific Ocean? The subarctic Pacific Ocean is one of the areas considered particularly vulnerable to acidification, which could affect the ocean's ability to act as a carbon sink. Global warming affects the food webs and biodiversity in marine ecosystems, especially in regions known as oxygen minimum zones where key components of the global carbon cycle take place. Oxygen minimum zones are found between 200 and 1,000 meters below sea level in the subarctic Pacific, the eastern South Pacific Ocean, the northern parts of the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea, and off southwestern Africa. As global warming continues, researchers believe the oxygen levels in the oceans will decrease, a change that will extend the boundaries of the oxygen minimum
Development and Application of a Procedure to Estimate Overall Building and Ventilation Parameters from Monitored Commercial Building Energy Use
This thesis proposes and validates a simplified model appropriate for parameter identification and evaluates several different inverse parameter identification schemes suitable for use when heating and cooling data from a commercial building are available. The validation has been performed using such data generated from a detailed building simulation program for different building geometries and building mass levels in two different climatic locations. Such a synthetic evaluation will validate the model used as well as determine the best parameter identification scheme, i.e., one likely to yield the most accurate set of parameter estimates. A multistep identification scheme has been found to yield very accurate results, and a more careful evaluation has been performed in order to evaluate its accuracy and stability with synthetic data against the effects of solar energy, HVAC system operation, internal load schedule, building thermal mass and geometry, and climatic location. This method is also evaluated using data from different time periods and when utility bill data (i.e. monthly data) only is available. The model is then applied to energy use data from two buildings being monitored under the Texas LoanSTAR Program, which are in different locations and have different HVAC systems. With parameters thus determined, two energy use indices, Energy Delivery Efficiency (EDE) and Multizone Efficiency Index (MEI), are calculated to present some insights into the benefits of retrofit from a constant volume (CV) to a variable air volume (VAV) system and of continuous commissioning (CC) work done to these two buildings, respectively. Uses and limitations of EDE and MEI are also discussed. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the multistep regression approach is an accurate and practical building physical parameter determination method, and the combined use of the EDE and MEI indices calculated from these parameters can provide insights into the HVAC system, and the potential for optimizing its operation.
Deng, Song
Development and application of a procedure to estimate overall building and ventilation parameters from monitored commercial building energy use
This thesis proposes and validates a simplified model appropriate for parameter identification and evaluates several different inverse parameter identification schemes suitable for use when heating and cooling data from a commercial building are available. The validation has been performed using such data generated from a detailed building simulation program for different building geometries and building mass levels in two different climatic locations. Such a synthetic evaluation will validate the model used as well as determine the best parameter identification scheme, i.e., one likely to yield the most accurate set of parameter estimates. A multistep identification scheme has been found to yield very accurate results, and a more careful evaluation has been performed in order to evaluate its accuracy and stability with synthetic data against the effects of solar energy, HVAC system operation, internal load schedule, building then-thermal mass and geometry, and climatic location. This method is also evaluated using data from different time periods and when utility bill data (i.e. monthly data) only is available. The model is then applied to energy use data from two buildings being monitored under the Texas LoanSTAR Program, which are in different locations and have different HVAC systems. With parameters thus determined, two energy use indices, Energy Delivery Efficiency (EDE) and Multizone Efficiency Index (MEI), are calculated to present some insights into the benefits of retrofit from a constant volume (CV) to a variable air volume (VAV) system and of continuous commissioning (CC) work done to these two buildings, respectively. Uses and limitations of EDE and MEI are also discussed. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the multistep regression approach is an accurate and practical building physical parameter determination method, and the combined use of the EDE and MEI indices calculated from these parameters can provide insights into the HVAC system, and the potential for optimizing its operation.
Deng, Song Jiu
ocean energy | OpenEI
ocean energy ocean energy Dataset Summary Description This shapefile represents the seasonal winter depth profile to reach water at a temperature of 20ºC. Source NREL Date Released October 28th, 2012 (2 years ago) Date Updated Unknown Keywords depth profile hydrokinetic ocean ocean energy ocean thermal energy conversion OTEC seawater cooling thermal Data application/zip icon OTEC Seawater Cooling 20ºC Depth Profile - Winter Average (zip, 1.1 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Peer Reviewed Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period March 2009 - February 2011 License License Other or unspecified, see optional comment below Comment This GIS data was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory ("NREL"), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE"). The user is granted the right, without any fee or cost, to use, copy, modify, alter, enhance and distribute this data for any purpose whatsoever, provided that this entire notice appears in all copies of the data. Further, the user of this data agrees to credit NREL in any publications or software that incorporate or use the data. Access to and use of the GIS data shall further impose the following obligations on the User. The names DOE/NREL may not be used in any advertising or publicity to endorse or promote any product or commercial entity using or incorporating the GIS data unless specific written authorization is obtained from DOE/NREL. The User also understands that DOE/NREL shall not be obligated to provide updates, support, consulting, training or assistance of any kind whatsoever with regard to the use of the GIS data. THE GIS DATA IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL DOE/NREL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO CLAIMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOSS OF DATA OR PROFITS, WHICH MAY RESULT FROM AN ACTION IN CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS CLAIM THAT ARISES OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE ACCESS OR USE OF THE GIS DATA. The User acknowledges that access to the GIS data is subject to U.S. Export laws and regulations and any use or transfer of the GIS data must be authorized under those regulations. The User shall not use, distribute, transfer, or transmit GIS data or any products incorporating the GIS data except in compliance with U.S. export regulations. If requested by DOE/NREL, the User agrees to sign written assurances and other export-related documentation as may be required to comply with U.S. export regulations.
Steric Sea Level Trends in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Possible Evidence of Global Sea Level Rise
Thirty-year time series of hydrographic observations from Ocean Station PAPA and Line �P� are used to estimate secular trends in monthly mean steric sea level heights relative to depths of 100 and 1000 decibars in the northeast Pacific Ocean. ...
Richard E. Thomson; Susumu Tabata
Ocean Informatics Monograph. Ocean Informatics Initiative: an Ethnographic Study (2002-2006). Part 1: Report
Collaborative Care and Ocean Informatics. Proceedings of theOceanography: Probing the Oceans, 1936-1978. San Diego, CA:Collaboration: Towards an Ocean Informatics Environment.
Millerand, Florence; Baker, Karen S
Ocean Informatics Monograph. Ocean Informatics Initiative: an Ethnographic Study (2002-2006). Part 2: Appendices
Scientific Digital Delivery Ocean Informatics: Shaun HaberResearch Publications about the Ocean Informatics initiativeF. and K.S. Baker (2011). Ocean Informatics Monograph (2002-
Combined Estimation of Hydrogeologic Conceptual Model, Parameter, and Scenario Uncertainty with Application to Uranium Transport at the Hanford Site 300 Area
This report to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) describes the development and application of a methodology to systematically and quantitatively assess predictive uncertainty in groundwater flow and transport modeling that considers the combined impact of hydrogeologic uncertainties associated with the conceptual-mathematical basis of a model, model parameters, and the scenario to which the model is applied. The methodology is based on a n extension of a Maximum Likelihood implementation of Bayesian Model Averaging. Model uncertainty is represented by postulating a discrete set of alternative conceptual models for a site with associated prior model probabilities that reflect a belief about the relative plausibility of each model based on its apparent consistency with available knowledge and data. Posterior model probabilities are computed and parameter uncertainty is estimated by calibrating each model to observed system behavior; prior parameter estimates are optionally included. Scenario uncertainty is represented as a discrete set of alternative future conditions affecting boundary conditions, source/sink terms, or other aspects of the models, with associated prior scenario probabilities. A joint assessment of uncertainty results from combining model predictions computed under each scenario using as weight the posterior model and prior scenario probabilities. The uncertainty methodology was applied to modeling of groundwater flow and uranium transport at the Hanford Site 300 Area. Eight alternative models representing uncertainty in the hydrogeologic and geochemical properties as well as the temporal variability were considered. Two scenarios represent alternative future behavior of the Columbia River adjacent to the site were considered. The scenario alternatives were implemented in the models through the boundary conditions. Results demonstrate the feasibility of applying a comprehensive uncertainty assessment to large-scale, detailed groundwater flow and transport modeling and illustrate the benefits of the methodology I providing better estimates of predictive uncertiay8, quantitative results for use in assessing risk, and an improved understanding of the system behavior and the limitations of the models.
Meyer, Philip D.; Ye, Ming; Rockhold, Mark L.; Neuman, Shlomo P.; Cantrell, Kirk J.
Ocean dynamics and thermodynamics in the tropical Indo- Pacific region
II Observations of the 2004 and 2006 Indian OceanOceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .magnitudes determined from ocean-bottom pressure gauge data
Drushka, Kyla
Table 6 Typical applications of duplex stainless steels...salt evaporation equipment, desalination plants, geothermal
Table 3 Wear-, erosion-, and corrosion-resistance applications of CVD...against neutron radiation
Global Variations in Oceanic Evaporation (1958�2005): The Role of the Changing Wind Speed
Global estimates of oceanic evaporation (Evp) from 1958 to 2005 have been recently developed by the Objectively Analyzed Air�Sea Fluxes (OAFlux) project at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The nearly 50-yr time series shows that ...
Lisan Yu
Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Anomalies over the Northern Oceans: The Connection to Monthly Atmospheric Circulation
The influence of the atmospheric circulation on monthly anomalies of ocean surface latent and sensible heat fluxes is explored. The fluxes are estimated using bulk formulas applied to a set of about four decades of marine observations over 1946�...
Daniel R. Cayan
A Planetary Wave Analysis Using the Acoustic and Conventional Arrays in the 1981 Ocean Tomography Experiment
Using the maximum likelihood estimation method, quasi-geostrophic wave solutions are fitted to the observations of the 1981 Ocean Acoustic Tomography Experiment. The experiment occupied a 300 km square area centered at 26�N, 70�W over a duration ...
Ching-Sang Chiu; Yves Desaubies
The Global Zonally Integrated Ocean Circulation, 1992�2006: Seasonal and Decadal Variability
The zonally integrated meridional and vertical velocities as well as the enthalpy transports and fluxes in a least squares adjusted general circulation model are used to estimate the top-to-bottom oceanic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) ...
Carl Wunsch; Patrick Heimbach
Annual, Seasonal, and Interannual Variability of Air�Sea Heat Fluxes in the Indian Ocean
This study investigated the accuracy and physical representation of air�sea surface heat flux estimates for the Indian Ocean on annual, seasonal, and interannual time scales. Six heat flux products were analyzed, including the newly developed ...
Lisan Yu; Xiangze Jin; Robert A. Weller
The Annual Cycle of the Energy Budget. Part I: Global Mean and Land�Ocean Exchanges
The mean and annual cycle of energy flowing into the climate system and its storage, release, and transport in the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface are estimated with recent observations. An emphasis is placed on establishing internally ...
John T. Fasullo; Kevin E. Trenberth
Bayesian Retrieval of Complete Posterior PDFs of Oceanic Rain Rate from Microwave Observations
A new Bayesian algorithm for retrieving surface rain rate from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) over the ocean is presented, along with validations against estimates from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR). The ...
J. Christine Chiu; Grant W. Petty
Examples of management applications that include ocean
Changes timing of discharge-related lifecycle, changes food availability, alters sediment and organic 3 0 2 3 Blackfoot (BFT) 2 3 3 2 3 3 Goose (GSE) 3 3 3 0 3 3 Idaho Falls (IFA) 3 3 3 0 3 3 Lower was restricted to Idaho, so the watersheds that cross state boundaries are assessed only for the Idaho portion
Secular Change in Reported Surface Wind Speeds over the Ocean
The Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set reveals that mean scalar winds decreased between 1854 and 1920 and increased since World War II. The latter increase is due to a change in estimating procedure and to the growing proportion of ships ...
C. S. Ramage
The Ocean general circulation near 1000 m depth
The mean Ocean circulation near 1000 m depth is estimated with a 100 km resolution from the Argo float displacements collected before January 1 2010. After a thorough validation, the 400 000 or so displacements found in the [950, 1150] dbar layer ...
Michel Ollitrault; Alain Colin de Verdi�re
Toward an Uncertainty Budget for a Coastal Ocean Model
Estimates of three components of an uncertainty budget for a coastal ocean model in a wind-forced regime are made based on numerical simulations. The budget components behave differently in the shelf regime, inshore of the 200-m isobath, and the ...
On Meridional Heat Transports in the World Ocean
Updated estimates of meridional heat transport in the Atlantic Ocean water body derived from the surface energy badget agree with the evaluation of hydrographic sections, annual mean northward transports being about 8 and 11 � 1014 W at 30�8 and ...
Ocean Energy Technologies: The State of the Art
At present, ocean energy technologies are in various stages of development, ranging from theoretical to commercially available. Estimates made in this study indicate that these technologies are unlikely to be economical sources of power for U.S. utilities in the near term.
In Situ Data Biases and Recent Ocean Heat Content Variability
Two significant instrument biases have been identified in the in situ profile data used to estimate globally integrated upper-ocean heat content. A large cold bias was discovered in a small fraction of Argo floats along with a smaller but more ...
Josh K. Willis; John M. Lyman; Gregory C. Johnson; John Gilson
Reflection of Ocean Surface Gravity Waves from a Natural Beach
The energy of seaward and shoreward propagating ocean surface gravity waves on a natural beach was estimated with data from an army of 24 bottom-mounted pressure sensors in 13-m water depth, 2 km from the North Carolina coast. Consistent with a ...
Steve Elgar; T. H. C. Herbers; R. T. Guza
Precipitation over the Atlantic Ocean, 30�S to 70�N
New estimates of rainfall over the Atlantic Ocean between 30�S to 70�N have been constructed based an a technique that uses the present weather observations taken by ships. Annual and quarterly rainfall maps are presented. Between the equator and ...
Clive E. Dorman; Robert H. Bourke
FOAM: Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model | Argonne National Laboratory
FOAM: Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model FOAM: Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model FOAM: Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model FOAM is a fully coupled, mixed-resolution, general circulation model designed for high-throughput (simulated years per day) while still providing a good simulated mean climate and simulated variability. FOAM uses the combination of a low resolution (R15) atmosphere model, a highly efficient medium-resolution ocean model, and distributed memory parallel processing to achieve high throughput on relatively modest numbers of processors (16-64). The quality of the simulated climate compares well with higher resolution models. No flux corrections are used. FOAM's intended purpose is to study long-term natural variability in the climate system. FOAM is also well suited for paleoclimate applications. FOAM is highly
Ocean Renewable Power Company LLC | Open Energy Information
Ocean Renewable Power Company LLC Jump to: navigation, search Name Ocean Renewable Power Company LLC Place Portland, Maine Zip 4101 Sector Ocean, Renewable Energy Product Ocean...
ocean - faq right side block | Data.gov
ocean - faq right side block Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean Frequently Asked Questions...
NOS Point Forecast Guidance to Weather and Ocean Conditions ...
Point Forecast Guidance to Weather and Ocean Conditions Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities Ocean...
Pacific Ocean Contribution to the Asymmetry in Eastern Indian Ocean Variability
Variations in eastern Indian Ocean upper-ocean thermal properties are assessed for the period 1970�2004, with a particular focus on asymmetric features related to opposite phases of Indian Ocean dipole events, using high-resolution ocean model ...
Caroline C. Ummenhofer; Franziska U. Schwarzkopf; Gary Meyers; Erik Behrens; Arne Biastoch; Claus W. B�ning
Ocean Energy Program Overview, Fiscal years 1990--1991. Programs in utility technologies
The oceans are the world`s largest solar energy collector and storage system. Covering 71% of the earth`s surface, the oceans collect and store this energy as waves, currents, and thermal and salinity gradients. The purpose of the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) Ocean Energy Program is to develop techniques that harness ocean energy cost effectively and in ways that do not harm the environment. The program seeks to develop ocean energy technology to a point at which industry can accurately assess whether the applications of the technology are viable energy conversion alternatives, or supplements to current power-generating systems. In past studies, DOE identified ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), which uses the temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep water, as the most promising of the ocean energy technologies. As a result, the Ocean Energy Program has concentrated research that advances OTEC technology. The program also monitored developments in wave energy, ocean current, and salinity gradient concepts. It is not actively developing these technologies now. The mission of the Ocean Energy Program is to develop techniques to harness the vast solar energy stored in the oceans` waves, currents, and thermal and salinity gradients.
Table 8 Major markets for ABS products...Market category Applications ABS grades Major appliances Refrigerator door and food liners; crisper pans;
Table 5 Selected applications for wrought aluminum alloys...vehicles, trucks and trailers 3105 Residential siding, mobile homes, rain-carrying goods,
Arctic Ocean circulation patterns revealed by GRACE
Measurements of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) anomalies from the satellite mission GRACE, complemented by information from two ocean models, are used to investigate the variations and distribution of the Arctic Ocean mass from 2002 through 2011. The ...
Cecilia Peralta-Ferriz; James H. Morison; John M. Wallace; Jennifer A. Bonin; Jinlun Zhang
DOE-EPA Working Group on Ocean TherUial Energy Conversion,Sands, M.D. (editor) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)r:he comnercialization of ocean thermal energy conversion
The bottom of the ocean food chain
The bottom of the ocean food chain 1663 Los Alamos science and technology magazine Latest Issue:July 2013 All Issues submit The bottom of the ocean food chain Global ocean...
Strong wind forcing of the ocean
of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 107 (C2). Vanderbilt, V .in the subtropical pacific ocean. Science, 316, 1017^1021.simulations of the upper ocean's response to hurricane felix
Zedler, Sarah E.
Connecting Changing Ocean Circulation with Changing Climate
The influence of changing ocean currents on climate change is evaluated by comparing an earth system model�s response to increased CO2 with and without an ocean circulation response. Inhibiting the ocean circulation response, by specifying a ...
Michael Winton; Stephen M. Griffies; Bonita L. Samuels; Jorge L. Sarmiento; Thomas L. Fr�licher
Iron Availability in the Southern Ocean
Iron Availability in the Southern Ocean Iron Availability in the Southern Ocean Print Friday, 21 June 2013 10:08 The Southern Ocean, circling the Earth between Antarctica and the...
Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling
Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling (COSIM) Summary The COSIM project develops advanced ocean and ice models for evaluating the role of ocean and ice in high-latitude climate...
Ocean Tidal and Wave Energy
First published in 2000, the annual Renewable Energy Technical Assessment Guide (TAG-RE) provides a consistent basis for evaluating the economic feasibility of renewable generation technologies. This excerpt from the 2005 TAG-RE addresses ocean tidal and wave energy conversion technologies, which offer promise for converting the significant energy potential available in ocean tidal currents and waves to electricity in the future.
An Advanced Method to Estimate Deep Currents from Profiling Floats
Subsurface ocean currents can be estimated from the positions of drifting profiling floats that are being widely deployed for the international Argo program. The calculation of subsurface velocity depends on how the trajectory of the float while ...
Jong Jin Park; Kuh Kim; Brian A. King; Stephen C. Riser
Estimation of Mean Dynamic Height from Altimeter Profiles and Hydrography
The mean dynamic height of the ocean surface is estimated along a subsatellite track of TOPEX/Poseidon crossing the East Auckland Current system northeast of New Zealand. Repeated hydrographic surveys along the track, together with surface ...
Andrew K. Laing; Peter G. Challenor
Estimating Tropical Cyclone Intensity from Infrared Image Data
This paper describes results from a near-real-time objective technique for estimating the intensity of tropical cyclones from satellite infrared imagery in the North Atlantic Ocean basin. The technique quantifies the level of organization or ...
Miguel F. Pi�eros; Elizabeth A. Ritchie; J. Scott Tyo
Toward Estimating Climatic Trends in SST. Part II: Random Errors
Random observational errors for sea surface temperature (SST) are estimated using merchant ship reports from the International Comprehensive Ocean�Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) for the period of 1970�97. A statistical technique, semivariogram ...
Elizabeth C. Kent; Peter G. Challenor
Interpreting Conductivity Microstructure: Estimating the Temperature Variance Dissipation Rate
A simple model of the conductivity gradient spectrum is developed and used to interpret oceanic conductivity microstructure observations. A principal goal is to estimate the correction factor E for inferring the temperature variance dissipation ...
Libe Washburn; Timothy F. Duda; David C. Jacobs
Arctic Precipitation and Evaporation: Model Results and Observational Estimates
Observational estimates of precipitation and evaporation over the Arctic Ocean and its terrestrial watersheds are compared with corresponding values from the climate model simulations of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP). ...
John E. Walsh; Vladimir Kattsov; Diane Portis; Valentin Meleshko
Measurements of Ocean Surface Currents from a Moving Ship Using VHF Radar
Shore-based, high-frequency (HF) and very high frequency (VHF) radar systems for measuring ocean surface currents have been well detailed in the literature. The use of these systems has been limited to coastal ocean applications since both of the ...
Nicholas J. Peters; Richard A. Skop
Ocean Navitas | Open Energy Information
Navitas Navitas Jump to: navigation, search Name Ocean Navitas Address Nursery House Place United Kingdom Zip DN21 5BQ Sector Ocean Product Ocean Navitas was incorporated in May 2006 by experienced engineers, businessmen and sailing enthusiasts David Hunt, James McCague and Simon Condry. Website http://www.oceannavitas.com Region United Kingdom References Ocean NavitasUNIQ75db538f85b32404-ref-000014E2-QINU LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This company is listed in the Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology Database. This company is involved in the following MHK Projects: Ocean Navitas NaREC This company is involved in the following MHK Technologies: Aegir Dynamo This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it.
Ocean - FAQ | Data.gov
FAQ FAQ Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov » Communities » Ocean Frequently Asked Questions Following are some Frequently Asked Questions, we hope to add to this list as we hear from you. Questions What is Ocean.data.gov? How can I use this resource? What data can I expect to find here? Where do these data come from? Can data from State and academic sources be included in this portal? Who can suggest data and information to be included in Ocean.data.gov? Who decides what data are included? How do I get involved? How does this differ from other data efforts such as regional data portals? Where do I find information about data standards, metadata standards, and formats? Can we provide feedback about a particular dataset?
Heavy oil recovery process: Conceptual engineering of a downhole methanator and preliminary estimate of facilities cost for application to North Slope Alaska
The West Sak (Upper Cretaceous) sands, overlaying the Kuparuk field, would rank among the largest known oil fields in the US, but technical difficulties have so far prevented its commercial exploitation. Steam injection is the most successful and the most commonly-used method of heavy oil recovery, but its application to the West Sak presents major problems. Such difficulties may be overcome by using a novel approach, in which steam is generated downhole in a catalytic Methanator, from Syngas made at the surface from endothermic reactions (Table 1). The Methanator effluent, containing steam and soluble gases resulting from exothermic reactions (Table 1), is cyclically injected into the reservoir by means of a horizontal drainhole while hot produced fluids flow form a second drainhole into a central production tubing. The downhole reactor feed and BFW flow downward to two concentric tubings. The large-diameter casing required to house the downhole reactor assembly is filled above it with Arctic Pack mud, or crude oil, to further reduce heat leaks. A quantitative analysis of this production scheme for the West Sak required a preliminary engineering of the downhole and surface facilities and a tentative forecast of well production rates. The results, based on published information on the West Sak, have been used to estimate the cost of these facilities, per daily barrel of oil produced. A preliminary economic analysis and conclusions are presented together with an outline of future work. Economic and regulatory conditions which would make this approach viable are discussed. 28 figs.
Gondouin, M.
Green Ocean Wave Energy | Open Energy Information
Ocean Wave Energy Jump to: navigation, search Name Green Ocean Wave Energy Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Website http:http:www.greenoceanwa Region United States LinkedIn...
Iron Availability in the Southern Ocean Print The Southern Ocean, circling the Earth between Antarctica and the southernmost regions of Africa, South America, and Australia, is...
Energy Basics: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
The Global Impact of Ocean Nourishment
of the ocean to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide and to increase the sustainable fish catch. The present annual level of photosynthetic activity of the upper ocean is...
Thermal Energy Conversion A process called ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the heat energy stored in the Earth's oceans to generate electricity. OTEC works best when...
Atmospheric and Oceanic Simulation
Introduction It is widely recognized that internal tides have strong influence on the global thermohaline circulation, because it contribute significantly to deep ocean mixing, the essential process for the maintenance of the thermohaline circulation [Munk and Wunsch, 1998]. Internal tides generated by strong tide-topography interactions occasionally break causing intense turbulent mixing [Lien and Gregg, 2001]. Turbulent mixing may also be induced far from wave generation sites, because propagating internal tides can nonlinearly interact with the background internal waves and cascade part of their energy down to small scales where breaking can occur. The East China Sea and adjacent seas are one of the most important generation regions of internal tides, and hence the associated turbulent mixing. Indeed, using a two-dimensional analytical model, Baines [1982] predicted that the continental shelf slope in the East China Sea is the second largest generator of the M 2 internal tide amon
Niwa; Group Representative
Data Sensitivity of the ECCO State Estimate in a Regional Setting
The Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) consortium provides a framework in which the adjoint method of data assimilation is applied to a general circulation model to provide a dynamically self-consistent estimate of the ...
Elizabeth Douglass; Dean Roemmich; Detlef Stammer
Table 6 Selected applications for aluminum casting alloys...gears; jet engine compressor cases 356.0 Sand: flywheel castings; automotive transmission cases; oil pans; pump bodies. Permanent: machine tool parts;
Table 2 Applications for titanium and titanium alloys...for FGD units, nuclear waste disposal Geothermal energy Heat exchangers, evaporators, condensers, tubes Marine engineering Shipbuilding Heat exchangers, condensers, piping
Table 1 Application of sintered stainless steels...316L Photographic equipment 316L Cam cleats 304L Dishwasher components 304L Can opener gears 410L...
Table 2 Examples of applications and parts made with vacuum infusion...small aircraft Industrial Fan blades, part for fish counting unit, toilet bowl, oil
Applications: Applications: ● Telecommunications: cell / smartphone; multi-party secure phone calls; videoconferencing; Voice over IP (VoIP) ● Banking and financial transactions: ATM, debit / credit card and e-Commerce ● e-Business; e-gaming; e-books; e-music; e-movies; e-gambling ● Wireless internet ● Electronic voting ● Facility and vehicle access ● Information exchange for government/defense
Ocean Energy Technology Basics | Department of Energy
Ocean Energy Technology Basics Ocean Energy Technology Basics Ocean Energy Technology Basics August 16, 2013 - 4:18pm Addthis Text Version Photo of low waves in the ocean. A dock is visible in the background. Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface. As the world's largest solar collectors, oceans contain thermal energy from the sun and produce mechanical energy from tides and waves. Even though the sun affects all ocean activity, the gravitational pull of the moon primarily drives tides, and wind powers ocean waves. Learn more about: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Tidal Energy Wave Energy Ocean Resources Addthis Related Articles Energy Department Releases New Energy 101 Video on Ocean Power A map generated by Georgia Tech's tidal energy resource database shows mean current speed of tidal streams. The East Coast, as shown above, has strong tides that could be tapped to produce energy. | Photo courtesy of Georgia Institute of Technology
Summertime Low-Level Jets over the High-Latitude Arctic Ocean
The application of a simple analytic boundary layer model developed by Thorpe and Guymer did not produce good agreement with observational data for oceanic low-level jet observations even though this model has worked well for the predictions of ...
Douglas O. ReVelle; E. Douglas Nilsson
Use of the 3D Radon Transform to Examine the Properties of Oceanic Rossby Waves
One of the most successful applications of satellite-borne radar altimeter data over the oceans in recent years has been the extraction of information about long-wavelength baroclinic Rossby (or planetary) waves, which play a significant role in ...
Peter G. Challenor; Paolo Cipollini; David Cromwell
A New Method for the Measurement of the Optical Volume Scattering Function in the Upper Ocean
A new method to measure the optical volume scattering function (VSF) of seawater is presented. The VSF is a fundamental property used in the calculation of radiative transfer for applications as diverse as upper-ocean heating by solar radiation ...
Michael E. Lee; Marlon R. Lewis
Adjustment to Radiative Forcing in a Simple Coupled Ocean�Atmosphere Model
This study calculates the adjustment to radiative forcing in a simple model of a mixed layer ocean coupled to the overlying atmosphere. One application of the model is to calculate how dust aerosols perturb the temperature of the atmosphere and ...
R. L. Miller
for the Ocean Drilling Program Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany) Institut Français
/Canada/Chinese Taipei/Korea Consortium for Ocean Drilling Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany
Thermodynamic Analysis of Ocean Circulation
Calculating a streamfunction as function of depth and density is proposed as a new way of analyzing the thermodynamic character of the overturning circulation in the global ocean. The sign of an overturning cell in this streamfunction directly ...
J. Nycander; J. Nilsson; K. D��s; G. Brostr�m
The Oceanic Eddy Heat Transport
The rectified eddy heat transport is calculated from a global high-resolution ocean general circulation model. The eddy heat transport is found to be strong in the western boundary currents, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and the equatorial ...
Steven R. Jayne; Jochem Marotzke
Humidity Profiles over the Ocean
The distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere affects climate change through radiative balance and surface evaporation. The variabilities of atmospheric humidity profile over oceans from daily to interannual time scales were examined using ...
W. Timothy Liu; Wenqing Tang; Pearn P. Niiler
MPAS-Ocean Development Update
The Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) is a modeling framework developed jointly between NCAR and LANL, built to allow core developers to: rapidly develop new dynamical cores, and leverage improvements made to shared codes. MPAS-Ocean (MPAS-O) is a functioning ocean model capable of high resolution, or highly vairable resolution simulations. The first MPAS-O publication is expected by the end of the year.
Jacobsen, Douglas W. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ringler, Todd D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Petersen, Mark R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Jones, Philip W. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Maltrud, Mathew E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Table 3 Major application areas of porous P/M materials...refining Semiconductor Particle removal process gas Bulk gas delivery systems Purifier media retainers Analysis instruments Gas/liquid chromatography Gas sampling Sensor protection Chemical processing Catalyst recovery Process gases and liquids Fluid-bed reactor products Mineral processing Coal,...
Table 1 Commercial applications of refractory metals and alloys by industry...Rhenium, W-Re Process industries Heating and cooling coils Tantalum, Ta-Nb Shell and tube heat exchangers Tantalum Condensers Tantalum Tantalum-clad steel vessels Tantalum Distillation towers Tantalum Valves for hot sulfuric acid service Molybdenum, tantalum, Ta-Nb Expansion joints (bellows) Tantalum...
Table 9 Applications of various polymers...bins 767 aircraft acoustical tile 767 and other Boeing aircraft brackets Airbus A320 bulk cargo floor sandwich structural panels Airbus A330-340 lower wing fairings A3XX main stair case (developmental) Beluga heavy-duty entrance floor panels Dornier 328 landing flap ribs Dornier 328 ice protection...
Table 3 Some applications of investment casting...Electrical equipment Electronics, radar Guns and small armaments Hand tools Jewelry Machine tools Materials handling equipment Metal working equipment Oil well drilling and auxiliary equipment Optical equipment Packaging equipment Pneumatic and hydraulic systems Prosthetic appliances Pumps Sports gear...
Ocean Tidal Dissipation and its Role in Solar System Satellite Evolution
Magma ocean dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .of the ocean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tidally-driven flow in global satellite oceans
Chen, Erinna
An Estimate of Global Absolute Dynamic Topography
We estimate the absolute dynamic topography of the world ocean from the largest scales to a short-wavelength cutoff of about 6700 km for the period July through September 1978. The data base consisted of the time-averaged sea-surface topography ...
Chang-Kou Tai; Carl Wunsch
Genetic Programming with Dynamic Fitness for a Remote Sensing Application
The "ocean color" problem consists in evaluating ocean components concentrations (phytoplankton, sediment, yellow substance) from sunlight reflectance or luminance values at selected wavelengths in the visible band. The interest of this application increases ...
Cyril Fonlupt; Denis Robilliard
The Work Done by the Wind on the Oceanic General Circulation
A new estimate is made using altimeter data of the rate at which the wind works on the oceanic general circulation. The value of about 1 TW is lower than previously estimated and is dominated by the work done by the mean zonal wind in the ...
Carl Wunsch
Oceanic Influences on the Seasonal Cycle in Evaporation over the Indian Ocean
The annual mean and seasonal cycle in latent heating over the Indian Ocean are investigated using a simple, analytical ocean model and a 3D, numerical, ocean model coupled to a prescribed atmosphere, which permits interaction through sea surface ...
Roxana C. Wajsowicz; Paul S. Schopf
In a Perfect Ocean: The State of the Fisheries and Ecosystems in the North Atlantic Ocean
Review: In a Perfect Ocean: The State of the Fisheriesin the North Atlantic Ocean By Daniel Pauly and Jay MacleanJay Maclean. In a Perfect Ocean: The State of the Fisheries
Miller, Ryder W.
The dynamic response of oceanic hydrate deposits to ocean temperature change
during transit through the ocean water column Geophys. Res.hydrate in the world's oceans. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8,of methane hydrate in ocean sediment. Energy and Fuels, 19,
Reagan, Matthew T.
Titan's Obliquity as evidence for a subsurface ocean?
On the basis of gravity and radar observations with the Cassini spacecraft, the moment of inertia of Titan and the orientation of Titan's rotation axis have been estimated in recent studies. According to the observed orientation, Titan is close to the Cassini state. However, the observed obliquity is inconsistent with the estimate of the moment of inertia for an entirely solid Titan occupying the Cassini state. We propose a new Cassini state model for Titan in which we assume the presence of a liquid water ocean beneath an ice shell and consider the gravitational and pressure torques arising between the different layers of the satellite. With the new model, we find a closer agreement between the moment of inertia and the rotation state than for the solid case, strengthening the possibility that Titan has a subsurface ocean.
Baland, Rose-Marie; Yseboodt, Marie; Karatekin, Ozgur
Annual and Interannual Variation of the Freshwater Budget in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
Annual and interannual variations of the moisture and freshwater budgets are examined in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The seasonal moisture budget (E�P) is calculated by estimating precipitation from 11 years of outgoing ...
Jung-Moon Yoo; James A. Carton
Fitting Dynamic Models to the Geosat Sea Level Observations in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. Part I: A Free Wave Model
Free, equatorially trapped sinusoidal wave solutions to a linear model on an equatorial beta plane are used to fit the Geosat altimetric sea level observations in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. The Kalman filter technique is used to estimate the ...
Lee-Lueng Fu; Jorge Vazquez; Claire Perigaud
The role of clouds and oceans in global greenhouse warming
During the past three years we have conducted several studies using models and a combination of satellite data, in situ meteorological and oceanic data, and paleoclimate reconstructions, under the DoE program, Quantifying the Link Between Change in Radiative Balance and Atmospheric Temperature''. Our goals were to investigate effects of global cloudiness variations on global climate and their implications for cloud feedback and continue development and application of NYU transient climate/ocean models, with emphasis on coupled effects of greenhouse warming and feedbacks by both the clouds and oceans. Our original research plan emphasized the use of cloud, surface temperature and ocean data sets interpreted by focused climate/ocean models to develop a cloud radiative forcing scenario for the past 100 years and to assess the transient climate response; to narrow key uncertainties in the system; and to identify those aspects of the climate system most likely to be affected by greenhouse warming over short, medium and long time scales.
Hoffert, M.I.
Climate change in the sea: the implications of increasing the carbon dioxide inputs to the surface ocean
The oceans are estimated to be absorbing one-third of the fossil fuel carbon released into the atmosphere, a process that is expected to change ocean carbon chemistry. I will present data from the Washington coast showing ocean pH declines and changes to the shell chemistry of bivalves. I will discuss implications of carbon cycle changes for marine species, including insights from a coastal area where I have worked for more than 24 years. I will summarize what we know to date about this process of �ocean acidification�.
Pfister, Cathy [University of Chicago
NOS Point Forecast Guidance to Weather and Ocean Conditions Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov Communities ...
NREL-Ocean Energy Thermal Conversion | Open Energy Information
Ocean Energy Thermal Conversion Jump to: navigation, search Logo: NREL-Ocean Energy Thermal Conversion Name NREL-Ocean Energy Thermal Conversion AgencyCompany Organization...
M.D. (editor). 1980. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Draft1980 :. i l OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION: ENVIRONMENTALDevelopment Plan. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion. U.S. DOE
Thermal Energy Conversion Conference. Ocean Systems Branch,Thermal Energy Conversion Conference. Ocean Systems Branch,thermal energy conversion, June 18, 1979. Ocean Systems
Sands, M. D.
Mechanisms of the meridional heat transport in the Southern Ocean
atlas of the Southern Ocean, Natural Environment ResearchMHT. Keywords Southern Ocean . Meridional heat transport .1 Introduction The Southern Ocean (SO) circulation plays an
Volkov, Denis L.; Fu, Lee-Lueng; Lee, Tong
Observation of Physical Fluxes Between an Estuary and the Ocean
between the coastal ocean and a semi-enclosed estuarinebetween the coastal ocean and a semi-enclosed estuarinebetween the coastal ocean and a semi-enclosed estuarine
Stacey, Mark; Powell, Thomas
Depth profiling ambient noise in the deep ocean
Acoustic Ambient Noise in the Ocean: Spectra and Sources,"and Osterhus, S. (1999). "Ocean Ambient Sound Instrumenta Subsurface Package," J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. 16, 1118-1126.
Barclay, David Readshaw
Ocean Acidification Impacts on Shellfish Workshop: Findings and Recommendations
The�workshop�to�investigate�ocean�acidification�impacts�on�Growers�Association. � Ocean�Acidification�Impacts�on�Proceedings� Integrated�Ocean�Observing�Systems� California�
Dickson, Andrew
Ocean dynamics and thermodynamics in the tropical Indo-Ocean dynamics and thermodynamics in the tropical Indo-affect the dynam- ics and thermodynamics of the upper ocean.
Estimating the Urban Heat Island Contribution to Urban and Rural Air Temperature Differences over Complex Terrain: Application to an Arid City
This study proposes a method for estimating the canopy-layer net urban heat island (UHI) in regions with complex terrain that lack preurban observations. The approach is based on a linear relationship between the urban�rural temperature ...
Hadas Saaroni; Baruch Ziv
Predicting and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Ocean Carbon Sequestration by Direct Injection
Direct injection of CO{sub 2} into the ocean is a potentially effective carbon sequestration strategy. Therefore, we want to understand the effectiveness of oceanic injection and develop the appropriate analytic framework to allow us to compare the effectiveness of this strategy with other carbon management options. Here, after a brief review of direct oceanic injection, we estimate the effectiveness of ocean carbon sequestration using one dimensional and three dimensional ocean models. We discuss a new measure of effectiveness of carbon sequestration in a leaky reservoir, which we denote sequestration potential. The sequestration potential is the fraction of global warning cost avoided by sequestration in a reservoir. We show how these measures apply to permanent sequestration and sequestration in leaky reservoirs, such as the oceans, terrestrial biosphere, and some geologic formations. Under the assumptions of a constant cost of carbon emission and a 4% discount rate, injecting 900 m deep in the ocean avoids {approx}90% of the global warming cost associated with atmospheric emission; an injection 1700 m deep would avoid > 99 % of the global warming cost. Hence, for discount rates in the range commonly used by commercial enterprises, oceanic direct injection may be nearly as economically effective as permanent sequestration at avoiding global warming costs.
Caldeira, K; Herzog, H J; Wickett, M E
Ocean - Tools | Data.gov
Tools Tools Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov » Communities » Ocean Decision-Support Tools (DSTs): Science and information are fundamental to effective marine planning. Marine planning involves inclusive discussion and analyses of the status and potential uses of 3-dimensional areas of coastal, marine and Great Lakes ecosystems (including the water column) and their potential changes over time. Relevant spatial data and derived interpretive and analytical products (i.e. decision-support tools) help inform all phases of the marine planning process. To date, several decision-support tools have been develop to support marine planning efforts. Marine planners should carefully evaluate which tools best apply to their region or specific issue or project. Below is a list of
Approximation of Ocean Heat Storage by Ocean�Atmosphere Energy Exchange: Implications for Seasonal Cycle Mixed Layer Ocean Formulations
The approximation of ocean heat storage by the net surface energy flux and the implications for zonal mean SST simulation using mixed layer ocean formulation are examined. The analysis considers both constant and variable depth mixed layers. ...
Robert G. Gallimore; David D. Houghton
The role of clouds and oceans in global greenhouse warming. Part 1, Progress report
During the past three years we have conducted several studies using models and a combination of satellite data, in situ meteorological and oceanic data, and paleoclimate reconstructions, under the DoE program, ``Quantifying the Link Between Change in Radiative Balance and Atmospheric Temperature``. Our goals were to investigate effects of global cloudiness variations on global climate and their implications for cloud feedback and continue development and application of NYU transient climate/ocean models, with emphasis on coupled effects of greenhouse warming and feedbacks by both the clouds and oceans. Our original research plan emphasized the use of cloud, surface temperature and ocean data sets interpreted by focused climate/ocean models to develop a cloud radiative forcing scenario for the past 100 years and to assess the transient climate response; to narrow key uncertainties in the system; and to identify those aspects of the climate system most likely to be affected by greenhouse warming over short, medium and long time scales.
Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Ocean (11:670:451/16:712:552) Class website: Sakai
Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Ocean (11:670:451/16:712:552) Class website: Sakai Dr. Mark specific understanding of the physical principles used to remotely sense atmospheric and oceanic structure; pulse and Synthetic Aperture Radar modes; applications J. Wilkin Land Surface Remote Sensing M. Miller
Ocean Color Web | Data.gov
Ocean Color Web Ocean Color Web Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov » Communities » Ocean » Data Ocean Color Web Dataset Summary Description A comprehensive image analysis package for the processing, display, analysis, and quality control of ocean color data. Tags {Ocean,"water color",spectrometer,"sea viewing",MODIS,"marine biology",NASA,GSFC,"Goddard Space Flight Center"} Dataset Ratings Overall 0 No votes yet Data Utility 0 No votes yet Usefulness 0 No votes yet Ease of Access 0 No votes yet Dataset Additional Information Last Updated 15-Jan-2010 Publisher National Aeronautics and Space Administration Contact Name Contact Email email@example.com Unique Identifier NASA-1547
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion | Department of Energy
Thermal Energy Conversion Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion August 16, 2013 - 4:22pm Addthis A process called ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the heat energy stored in...
Buoyancy Arrest and Shelf�Ocean Exchange
When steady flow in a stratified ocean passes between the continental slope and open ocean, its ability to cross isobaths is potentially limited by buoyancy arrest. If the bottom Ekman transport vanishes and there are no interior stresses, then ...
K. H. Brink
Dynamic and Thermodynamic Regulation of Ocean Warming
The relative roles of clouds, surface evaporation, and ocean heat transport in limiting maximum sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western Pacific warm pool are investigated by means of simple and intermediate coupled ocean�atmosphere models. ...
Tim Li; Timothy F. Hogan; C-P. Chang
Open Ocean Energy Ltd | Open Energy Information
Energy Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Open Ocean Energy Ltd Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Website http:http:www.open-ocean-e LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No...
An Ocean Observing System for Climate
Designs and implementation are proceeding for a Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). The initial design for the ocean component of the GCOS, which is also the climate module of the GOOS, was completed ...
Worth D. Nowlin Jr.; Neville Smith; George Needler; Peter K. Taylor; Robert Weller; Ray Schmitt; Liliane Merlivat; Alain V�zina; Arthur Alexiou; Michael McPhaden; Massaaki Wakatsuchi
Assimilation of Altimeter Data into Ocean Models
The problem of assimilating satellite altimeter data into an ocean model is considered for the case in which the ocean currents are weak, so that they can be represented by a superposition of linear Rossby waves, and the altimeter measurements ...
D. J. Webb; A. Moore
A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
Development is described of a Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS)�the result of a cooperative project to collect global weather observations taken near the ocean's surface since 1854, primarily from merchant ships, into a compact and ...
Scott D. Woodruff; Ralph J. Slutz; Roy L. Jenne; Peter M. Steurer
REQUEST FOR RETIREMENT ANNUITY ESTIMATE REQUEST FOR RETIREMENT ANNUITY ESTIMATE Instructions: Please read and answer the following questions thoroughly to include checking all applicable boxes. Unanswered questions may delay processing. Print and Fax back your request form to 202.586.6395 or drop request to GM-169. The request will be assigned to your servicing retirement specialist. They will confirm receipt of your request. SECTION A Request Submitted _____________________ ______________________ ________________________ _____________________ Name (last, first, middle) Last four SSN Date of Birth ___________________________ _________________________ __________________________ Organization Office Telephone Number Fax Number
Application of the genetic algorithm to estimate the parameters related to the kinetics of the reduction of the iron ore, coal mixture
A novel methodology has been developed to calculate the kinetic parameters associated with reduction of ore-coal composite mixtures and to describe the time course of reduction of hematite to iron. The empirical parameters, namely, the three sets of activation energies and frequency factors, have been estimated by employing an evolutionary optimization tool, the genetic algorithm (GA). The model prediction matches well with the experimental literature data. The estimated activation energies are higher than the corresponding intrinsic values, indicating the role of heat transfer in the process.
Kumar, A.; Roy, G.G. [Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (India)
Agmon's type estimates of exponential behavior of solutions of systems of elliptic partial differential equations.Applications to Schr�dinger, Moisil-Theodorescu and Dirac operators
The aim of this paper is to derive Agmon's type exponential estimates for solutions of elliptic systems of partial differential equations on $\\sR^n$. We show that these estimates are related with the essential spectra of a family of associated differential operators which depend on the original operator, and with exponential weights which describe the decrease of solutions at infinity. The essential spectra of the involved operators are described by means of their limit operators. The obtained results are applied to study the problem of exponential decay of eigenfunctions of matrix Schr\\"{o}dinger, Moisil-Theodorescu, and Dirac operators.
V. Rabinovich; S. Roch
Ocean Barrier Layers� Effect on Tropical Cyclone Intensification
Improving a tropical cyclone's forecast and mitigating its destructive potential requires knowledge of various environmental factors that influence the cyclone's path and intensity. Herein, using a combination of observations and model simulations, we systematically demonstrate that tropical cyclone intensification is significantly affected by salinity-induced barrier layers, which are 'quasi-permanent' features in the upper tropical oceans. When tropical cyclones pass over regions with barrier layers, the increased stratification and stability within the layer reduce storm-induced vertical mixing and sea surface temperature cooling. This causes an increase in enthalpy flux from the ocean to the atmosphere and, consequently, an intensification of tropical cyclones. On average, the tropical cyclone intensification rate is nearly 50% higher over regions with barrier layers, compared to regions without. Our finding, which underscores the importance of observing not only the upper-ocean thermal structure but also the salinity structure in deep tropical barrier layer regions, may be a key to more skillful predictions of tropical cyclone intensities through improved ocean state estimates and simulations of barrier layer processes. As the hydrological cycle responds to global warming, any associated changes in the barrier layer distribution must be considered in projecting future tropical cyclone activity.
Balaguru, Karthik; Chang, P.; Saravanan, R.; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Xu, Zhao; Li, M.; Hsieh, J.
Transit-Time Distributions in a Global Ocean Model
Results from a simulation of the ocean �transit-time distribution� (�TTD�) for global and regional ocean surface boundary conditions are presented based on a 5000-yr integration using the Parallel Ocean Program ocean general circulation model. ...
Synte Peacock; Mathew Maltrud
Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior Ocean Energy PAGE 1 Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior Ocean Energy PAGE 1 Teacher Guide .......................................................... 2 Related National Science Standards .......................... 3 Introduction to Ocean Energy .................................. 4 Petroleum & Natural Gas ......................................... 5 Natural Oil and Gas Seeps ........................................ 7 Methane Hydrates .................................................... 8 Solar Energy .............................................................. 9 Wind Energy ........................................................... 10 Wave Energy ........................................................... 11 OTEC: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion .............
The 1981 ocean tomography experiment: Preliminary results
Preliminary results from a 1981 test ocean acoustic tomography experiment are presented. The system deployed in the southern North Atlantic
The Ocean Tomography Group; R. C. Spindel
by the following agencies: Australia/Canada/Chinese Taipei/Korea Consortium for the Ocean Drilling Program Deutsche
Constraining Oceanic dust deposition using surface 1 ocean dissolved Al 2
Constraining Oceanic dust deposition using surface 1 ocean dissolved Al 2 Qin Han, J. Keith Moore, Charles Zender, Chris Measures, David Hydes 3 Abstract 4 We use measurements of ocean surface dissolved Al and Deposition 6 (DEAD) model, to constrain dust deposition to the oceans. Our Al database contains 7 all
The CCSM4 Ocean Component
The ocean component of the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) is described, and its solutions from the twentieth-century (20C) simulations are documented in comparison with observations and those of CCSM3. The improvements to the ...
Gokhan Danabasoglu; Susan C. Bates; Bruce P. Briegleb; Steven R. Jayne; Markus Jochum; William G. Large; Synte Peacock; Steve G. Yeager
Prediction accuracy of link-quality estimators
The accuracy of link-quality estimators (LQE) is missioncritical in many application scenarios in wireless sensor networks (WSN), since the link-quality metric is used for routing decisions or neighborhood formation. Link-quality estimation must offer ...
Christian Renner; Sebastian Ernst; Christoph Weyer; Volker Turau
Transport of Freshwater by the Oceans
The global distribution of freshwater transport in the ocean is presented, based on an integration point at Bering Strait, which connects the Pacific and Atlantic oceans via the Artic Ocean. Through Bering Strait, 0.8 � 106 m3 s?1 of relatively ...
Susan E. Wijffels; Raymond W. Schmitt; Harry L. Bryden; Anders Stigebrandt
Ocean Circulation Kinetic Energy: Reservoirs, Sources,
. The coupling of the generation of different energy forms in the dynamics (in either balanced or wave motions are almost nonexistent in the ocean. www.annualreviews.org · Ocean Circulation Kinetic Energy 255 Annu.Rev.Fluid processes? Are the seemingly different dynamical ranges coupled? 2. THE OCEANIC ENERGY BUDGET We begin
Ferrari, Raffaele
Estimation of a semi-physical GLBE model using dual EnKF learning algorithm coupled with a sensor network design strategy: Application to air field monitoring
In this paper, we present the fusion of two complementary approaches for modeling and monitoring the spatio-temporal behavior of a fluid flow system. We also propose a mobile sensor deployment strategy to produce the most accurate estimate of the true ... Keywords: Air field monitoring, Grey-box modeling, Model fusion, Sensor network design
Gilles Roussel, Laurent Bourgois, Mohammed Benjelloun, Gilles Delmaire
Ocean Skeletal Structures Hypotheses and Interpretation
In this paper we discuss hypotheses on formation of ocean skeletal structures. These structures entered the ocean together with atmospheric precipitation and were assembled from fragments of skeletal structures present in clouds. We base interpretation of this phenomenon on surface tension forces between fundamental tubular blocks of the investigated structures that may also occur beneath the ocean surface. A capillary model is presented to explain formation of a network of interacting tubes. Data about the nature of ocean skeletal structures can be instrumental in modeling many processes associated with physics of the ocean.
Rantsev-Kartinov, V A
V. A. Rantsev-Kartinov; C. G. Parigger
Efficient Estimators for Quantum Instanton Evaluation of theKinetic Isotope Effects: Application to the Intramolecular HydrogenTransfer in Pentadiene
The quantum instanton approximation is used to compute kinetic isotope effects for intramolecular hydrogen transfer in cis-1,3-pentadiene. Due to the importance of skeleton motions, this system with 13 atoms is a simple prototype for hydrogen transfer in enzymatic reactions. The calculation is carried out using thermodynamic integration with respect to the mass of the isotopes and a path integral Monte Carlo evaluation of relevant thermodynamic quantities. Efficient 'virial' estimators are derived for the logarithmic derivatives of the partition function and the delta-delta correlation functions. These estimators require significantly fewer Monte Carlo samples since their statistical error does not increase with the number of discrete time slices in the path integral. The calculation treats all 39 degrees of freedom quantum-mechanically and uses an empirical valence bond potential based on a modified general AMBER force field.
Vanicek, Jiri; Miller, William H.
Estimating Mitigation Potential of Agricultural Projects: an...
Tool (EX-ACT) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Brazil-Estimating Mitigation Potential of Agricultural Projects: an Application of the...
Estimating Surface Oil Extent from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill using ASCAT Backscatter
Estimating Surface Oil Extent from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill using ASCAT Backscatter Richard Provo, UT 84602 Abstract--The damping effects of oil on capillary ocean waves alter the backscattered backscatter from the ocean surface uncontaminated by surface oil. Large differences between expected
Long, David G.
Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS)
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) was established by the Census of Marine Life program. It is an evolving strategic alliance of people and organizations sharing a vision to make marine biogeographic data, from all over the world, freely available over the World Wide Web. It is not a project or program, and is not limited to data from CoML-related projects. Any organization, consortium, project or individual may contribute. OBIS provides, on an open access basis through the World Wide Web, taxonomically and geographically resolved data on marine life and the ocean environment, interoperability with similar databases, and software tools for data exploration and analysis. The OBIS secretariat is hosted by Rutgers University, Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences. [Copied, then edited from http://www.iobis.org/about/
Improving Estimates of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Streamlines in Drake Passage
Accurately resolving the mean Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is essential for determining Southern Ocean eddy fluxes that are important to the global meridional overturning circulation. Previous estimates of the mean ACC have been limited by ...
Yueng-Djern Lenn; Teresa K. Chereskin; Janet Sprintall
Data Assimilation via Error Subspace Statistical Estimation.Part I: Theory and Schemes
A rational approach is used to identify efficient schemes for data assimilation in nonlinear ocean�atmosphere models. The conditional mean, a minimum of several cost functionals, is chosen for an optimal estimate. After stating the present goals ...
P. F. J. Lermusiaux; A. R. Robinson
A Method to Estimate Three-Dimensional Thermal Structure from Satellite Altimetry Data
A new empirical method to estimate mesoscale three-dimensional oceanic thermal structures from near-real-time satellite altimetry data is presented. The method uses a two-layer model with a novel set of empirical parameters for stratification. ...
Akiko Takano; Hidekatsu Yamazaki; Takeyoshi Nagai; Osamu Honda
An Objective Bayesian Improved Approach for Applying Optimal Fingerprint Techniques to Estimate Climate Sensitivity
A detailed reanalysis is presented of a �Bayesian� climate parameter study (as exemplified by Forest et al.) that estimates climate sensitivity (ECS) jointly with effective ocean diffusivity and aerosol forcing, using optimal fingerprints to ...
Nicholas Lewis
Underwater acoustic signal separation based on prior estimation of the channel impulse response
An underwater acoustic signals separation method based on prior information about the channel impulse response (IR) is presented. Using a sound speed profile measured in a real world environment, the IR of the ocean is estimated with normal mode theory ...
S. Bonnifay; K. Yao; C. Jutten
An objective Bayesian, improved approach for applying optimal fingerprint techniques to estimate climate sensitivity
A detailed reanalysis is presented of a �Bayesian� climate parameter study (Forest et al., 2006) that estimates climate sensitivity (ECS) jointly with effective ocean diffusivity and aerosol forcing, using optimal fingerprints to compare multi-...
Water Mass Transformations in the Southern Ocean Diagnosed from Observations: Contrasting Effects of Air�Sea Fluxes and Diapycnal Mixing
Transformation and formation rates of water masses in the Southern Ocean are estimated in a neutral-surface framework using air�sea fluxes of heat and freshwater together with in situ estimates of diapycnal mixing. The air�sea fluxes are taken ...
Gualtiero Badin; Richard G. Williams; Zhao Jing; Lixin Wu
Ensemble Single Column Modeling in the Tropics - Derivation of observed forcing data sets, estimation of observation uncertainty and application to parametrization improvements
The project was carried out in 2 distinct phases. In the first phase we established the general validity of using an ensemble approach to Single Column Modeling (SCM) using the Manus and Nauru sites. In the second phase we derived and applied an ensemble forcing derivation technique to observations. First we derived an ensemble forcing estimate for the TWP-ICE experiment and then by extended the method to provide three wet seasons of �??continuous ensemble forcing�?� for the Darwin site. The main purpose of using ensemble techniques in SCM simulation is to be able to assess how much of the overall SCM simulation error is due to model errors and how much due to errors in the forcing.
Jakob, Christian
Ocean - Regional Planning Efforts | Data.gov
Regional Planning Efforts Regional Planning Efforts Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov » Communities » Ocean Regional Planning Efforts Marine planning is a science-based process that provides transparent information about ocean use and guarantees the public and stakeholders a voice early on in decisions affecting the uses of the marine environment. It is an inclusive, bottom-up approach that gives the Federal Government, States, and Tribes, with input from local communities, stakeholders, and the public, the ability to make informed decisions on how best to optimize the use of and protect the ocean, coasts, and Great Lakes. Under the National Ocean Policy, the United States is subdivided into nine regional planning areas. Within each region, Federal, State, and Tribal
Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling (COSIM)
Earth, Space Sciences » Earth, Space Sciences » Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling (COSIM) Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling (COSIM) The COSIM project develops advanced ocean and ice models for evaluating the role of ocean and ice in high-latitude climate change and projecting the impacts of high-latitude change on regions throughout the globe. Get Expertise Phil Jones COSIM Email Matthew Hecht COSIM Email Elizabeth Hunke COSIM Email Mat Maltrud COSIM Email Bill Lipscomb COSIM Email Scott Elliott COSIM Email Todd Ringler COSIM Email We are also developing a set of next-generation ocean and ice models with variable resolution horizontal grids to focus resolution on regions of interest or regions where specific processes (like eddies) need to be resolved. Summary The COSIM project develops advanced ocean and ice models for evaluating the
Horizontal stirring in the global ocean
Horizontal mixing and the distribution of coherent structures in the global ocean are analyzed using Finite-Size Lyapunov Exponents (FSLE), computed for the surface velocity field derived from the Ocean general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (OFES). FSLEs measure horizontal stirring and dispersion; additionally, the transport barriers which organize the oceanic flow can roughly be identified with the ridges of the FSLE field. We have performed a detailed statistical study, particularizing for the behaviour of the two hemispheres and different ocean basins. The computed Probability Distributions Functions (PDFs) of FSLE are broad and asymmetric. Horizontal mixing is generally more active in the northern hemisphere than in the southern one. Nevertheless the Southern Ocean is the most active ocean, and the Pacific the less active one. A striking result is that the main currents can be classified in two 'activity classes': Western Boundary Currents, which have broad PDFs with large FSLE values, and Eas...
Hern�ndez-Carrasco, I; Hern�ndez-Garc�a, E; Turiel, A
List of Ocean Thermal Incentives | Open Energy Information
Thermal Incentives Thermal Incentives Jump to: navigation, search The following contains the list of 96 Ocean Thermal Incentives. CSV (rows 1 - 96) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active Business Energy Investment Tax Credit (ITC) (Federal) Corporate Tax Credit United States Agricultural Commercial Industrial Utility Anaerobic Digestion Biomass CHP/Cogeneration Fuel Cells Fuel Cells using Renewable Fuels Geothermal Direct Use Geothermal Electric Ground Source Heat Pumps Hydroelectric energy Landfill Gas Microturbines Municipal Solid Waste Ocean Thermal Photovoltaics Small Hydroelectric Small Wind Solar Space Heat Solar Thermal Electric Solar Thermal Process Heat Solar Water Heat Tidal Energy Wave Energy Wind energy Yes CCEF - Project 150 Initiative (Connecticut) State Grant Program Connecticut Commercial Solar Thermal Electric
Improved Turbulent Air�Sea Flux Bulk Parameters for Controlling the Response of the Ocean Mixed Layer: A Sequential Data Assimilation Approach
Bulk formulations parameterizing turbulent air�sea fluxes remain among the main sources of error in present-day ocean models. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of estimating the turbulent bulk exchange coefficients ...
Sergey Skachko; Jean-Michel Brankart; Fr�d�ric Castruccio; Pierre Brasseur; Jacques Verron
Transmission of Solar Radiation by Clouds over Snow and Ice Surfaces. Part II: Cloud Optical Depth and Shortwave Radiative Forcing from Pyranometer Measurements in the Southern Ocean
Downward solar irradiance at the sea surface, measured on several voyages of an icebreaker in the Southern Ocean, is used to infer transmittance of solar radiation by clouds. Together with surface albedo estimated from coincident hourly sea ice ...
Melanie F. Fitzpatrick; Stephen G. Warren
OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM LEG 155 SCIENTIFIC PROSPECTUS AMAZON DEEP-SEA FAN Dr. Roger D. Flood Co of Canada P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Canada B2Y4A2 Dr. Adam Klaus Staff Scientist, Leg l55 Ocean and handling. D I S C L A I M E R This publication was prepared by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A
A Simple Model of the Decadal Response of the Ocean to Stochastic Wind Forcing
A simple linear model is used to estimate the decadal response of the extratropical ocean to wind stress forcing, assuming a flat bottom, a mean state at rest, and no dissipation. The barotropic fields are governed by a time-dependent Sverdrup ...
Claude Frankignoul; Peter M�ller; Eduardo Zorita
Global Oceanic Precipitation from the MSU during 1979�91 and Comparisons to Other Climatologies
Oceanic precipitation is estimated on a 2.5� grid for the period 1979�1991 from Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) channels 1, 2, and 3 data gathered by seven separate TIROS-N satellites. Precipitation is diagnosed when cloud water and rainwater-...
Roy W. Spencer
An Evaluation of the WOTAN Technique of Inferring Oceanic Winds from Underwater Ambient Sound
The potential of the WOTAN technique to estimate oceanic winds from underwater ambient sound is thoroughly evaluated. Anemometer winds and sound spectrum levels at 11 frequencies in the range 3�25 kHz from the FASINEX Experiment are used to ...
Svein Vagle; William G. Large; David M. Farmer
The Effect of the Melting Layer on the Microwave Emission of Clouds over the Ocean
A study was carried out in order to estimate the effect of melting particles on simulated brightness temperatures at microwave frequencies between 10.7 and 85.5 GHz for precipitation over the ocean. The meteorological model framework is based on ...
P. Bauer; J. P. V. Poiares Baptista; M. de Iulis
Measurement of Ocean Wave Directional Spectra Using Doppler Side-Scan Sonar Arrays
A technique is presented for extraction of ocean wave directional spectra using Doppler side-scan sonars. Two 103-kHz steerable side-scan beams from a freely drifting subsurface platform are used to estimate horizontal water surface velocity due ...
Mark V. Trevorrow
On the World-wide Circulation of the Deeper Waters of the World Ocean
circulation of the Pacific Ocean: Flow patterns, tracers,circulation of the Indian Ocean: Flow patterns, tracers, andthe figures. Fig. 1 Pacific Ocean winds Fig. 2 Pacific Ocean
Reid, Joseph L
The Effects of Mesoscale Ocean�Atmosphere Coupling on the Large-Scale Ocean Circulation
Small-scale variation in wind stress due to ocean�atmosphere interaction within the atmospheric boundary layer alters the temporal and spatial scale of Ekman pumping driving the double-gyre circulation of the ocean. A high-resolution ...
Andrew Mc C. Hogg; William K. Dewar; Pavel Berloff; Sergey Kravtsov; David K. Hutchinson
On the Ocean�s Large-Scale Circulation near the Limit of No Vertical Mixing
By convention, the ocean�s large-scale circulation is assumed to be a thermohaline overturning driven by the addition and extraction of buoyancy at the surface and vertical mixing in the interior. Previous work suggests that the overturning ...
J. R. Toggweiler; B. Samuels
Mechanisms Governing Interannual Variability of Upper-Ocean Temperature in a Global Ocean Hindcast Simulation
The interannual variability in upper-ocean (0�400 m) temperature and governing mechanisms for the period 1968�97 are quantified from a global ocean hindcast simulation driven by atmospheric reanalysis and satellite data products. The ...
Scott C. Doney; Steve Yeager; Gokhan Danabasoglu; William G. Large; James C. McWilliams
Seasonal Variations of Upper Ocean Transport from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean via Indonesian Straits
Seasonal variations of upper-ocean mass transport between the Pacific and Indian Oceans via the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) are examined using numerical experiments with a 1�-layer, reduced-gravity model forced with specific climatological ...
James T. Potemra
Global Climate and Ocean Circulation on an Aquaplanet Ocean�Atmosphere General Circulation Model
A low-resolution coupled ocean�atmosphere general circulation model (OAGCM) is used to study the characteristics of the large-scale ocean circulation and its climatic impacts in a series of global coupled aquaplanet experiments. Three ...
Robin S. Smith; Clotilde Dubois; Jochem Marotzke
Observations and Simulations of Upper-Ocean Response to Wind Events during the Ocean Storms Experiment
The Ocean Storms dataset is used to compile observations of the oceanic response to midlatitude storms. Of particular interest are episodic mixed layer temperature cooling events whose characteristics are reviewed. The data include subsurface ...
W. G. Large; G. B. Crawford
OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM LEG 103 SCIENTIFIC PROSPECTUS GALICIA BANK Gilbert Boillot Edward L of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany
Sequestration of CO2 by Ocean Fertilization
Presentation for NETL Conference on Carbon Sequestration May 14-17, 2001 SEQUESTRATION OF CO 2 BY OCEAN FERTILIZATION Authors: Dr. Michael Markels, Jr. (email@example.com...
FOAM:The Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model
Models Performance User Resources Publications History Developer's Page FOAM The Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model cup2.jpeg (48474 bytes) Image made by Johan Kellum with Vis5D...
high wind speeds in tropical cyclones. Nature, 422, 279-283.response of the tropical cyclone and the ocean. Journal ofinteraction theory for tropical cyclones: Part i : steady-
NIST Aids the National Oceanic and Atmospheric ...
... Ocean Service, Mote Marine Laboratory, Dolphin Quest ... US Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina ... blood mercury levels to health parameters in ...
NPP Estimation for Grasslands
NPP for Grasslands NPP for Grasslands Introduction The Oak Ridge DAAC Net Primary Production (NPP) Database includes field measurements from grassland study sites worldwide. The following brief review and discussion is intended to explain the complexity of NPP estimates derived from grassland measurements. There is no single answer to the question, "What is the productivity of the ecosystem at study site A?"; rather there may be range of estimates of NPP, depending upon what data were actually collected and how these data are processed. Although some of these methods for determining NPP for grasslands may be applicable to other vegetation types (e.g., semi-deserts, tundra, or some crops), methods for forests, in particular, are significantly different. Nevertheless, it should be possible to answer the question, "Is this modelled value of NPP reasonable for this ecosystem type at this location?"
Subduction over the Southern Indian Ocean in a High-Resolution Atmosphere�Ocean Coupled Model
This study examines the subduction of the Subantarctic Mode Water in the Indian Ocean in an ocean�atmosphere coupled model in which the ocean component is eddy permitting. The purpose is to assess how sensitive the simulated mode water is to the ...
Mei-Man Lee; A. J. George Nurser; I. Stevens; Jean-Baptiste Sall�e
A Reanalysis of Ocean Climate Using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA)
This paper describes the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis of ocean climate variability. In the assimilation, a model forecast produced by an ocean general circulation model with an average resolution of 0.25� � 0.4� � 40 levels is ...
James A. Carton; Benjamin S. Giese
An Ensemble Ocean Data Assimilation System for Seasonal Prediction
A new ensemble ocean data assimilation system, developed for the Predictive Ocean Atmosphere Model for Australia (POAMA), is described. The new system is called PEODAS, the POAMA Ensemble Ocean Data Assimilation System. PEODAS is an approximate ...
Yonghong Yin; Oscar Alves; Peter R. Oke
The Volunteer Observing Ship and Future Ocean Monitoring
Widespread and sustained in situ ocean measurements are essential to an improved understanding of the state of the ocean and its role in global change. Merchant marine vessels can play a major role in ocean monitoring, yet apart from routine ...
Thomas Rossby; Gerold Siedler; Walter Zenk
Ocean Dynamics, Thermocline Adjustment, and Regulation of Tropical SST
The role of tropical Pacific ocean dynamics in regulating the ocean response to thermodynamic forcing is investigated using an ocean general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a model of the atmospheric mixed layer. It is found that the basin ...
Richard Seager; Ragu Murtugudde
Global ocean wind power sensitivity to surface layer stability
power distribution over the ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 35,of wind speed over the ocean, J. Appl. Meteorol. , 25,and heat flux over the open ocean in gale force winds, J.
for the commercialization of ocean thermal energy conversionR. E. Hathaway. Open cycle ocean thermal energy conversion.of sewage effluent in an ocean current. Inst. of Tech. ,
Effects of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition on ocean biogeochemistry
to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: Theorganic nitrogen to the oceans, Nature, 376, 243 � 246.trace species to the world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles,
Krishnamurthy, Aparna; Moore, J. Keith; Zender, Charles S; Luo, Chao
High Biomass Low Export Regimes in the Southern Ocean
Z.I. , 2004. Southern ocean iron enrichment experiment:in the surface global ocean based on Moderate-Resolutionof Geophysical Research-Oceans 110 (C7). B�, A.W.H. ,
Lam, Phoebe J.; Bishop, James K.B.
Molecular diversity and adaptations of microorganisms from the deep ocean
in the North Pacific ocean. ISME J. 3:1374-1386. DeLong, E.microbial assemblages in the ocean's interior. Science 311:J. 4:159-170. Schlitzer, R. 2010. Ocean Data View. [http://
Eloe, Emiley Ansley
Effects of Penetrative Radiation on the Upper Tropical Ocean Circulation
The effects of penetrative radiation on the upper tropical ocean circulation have been investigated with an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with attenuation depths derived from remotely sensed ocean color data. The OGCM is a reduced ...
Raghu Murtugudde; James Beauchamp; Charles R. McClain; Marlon Lewis; Antonio J. Busalacchi
The Response of Quasigeostrophic Oceanic Vortices to Tropical Cyclone Forcing
The response of quasigeostrophic (QG) oceanic vortices to tropical cyclone (TC) forcing is investigated using an isopycnic ocean model. Idealized oceanic currents and wind fields derived from observational data acquired during Hurricane Katrina ...
Benjamin Jaimes; Lynn K. Shay; George R. Halliwell
Effects of variable wind stress on ocean heat content
Ocean heat content change (ocean heat uptake) has an important role in variability of the Earth's heat balance. The understanding of which methods and physical processes control ocean heat uptake needs improvement in order ...
Klima, Kelly
Slow Instabilities in Tropical Ocean Basin�Global Atmosphere Models
The effect of ocean boundaries on instability in coupled ocean-natmosphere models is determined. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are calculated for coupled systems featuring an ocean basin bounded zonally by a flat continent. The atmosphere is ...
Anthony C. Hirst
Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University 1000 Discovery Drive College Station TX 77845-9547 USA by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as an account of work performed under the international of the National Science Foundation, the participating agencies, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., Texas A&M
Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University 1000 Discovery Drive College Station TX 77845-9547 USA, Texas A&M University, as an account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program Foundation, the participating agencies, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., Texas A&M University
Statistical mechanics and ocean circulation Rick Salmon
Statistical mechanics and ocean circulation Rick Salmon Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD equilibrium statistical mechanics based upon the conservation of energy and potential enstrophy to the mass. The equilibrium state resembles the buoyancy structure actually observed. Key words: statistical mechanics, ocean
Salmon, Rick
Upper Ocean Response to a Hurricane
The upper ocean response to a moving hurricane is studied using historical air-sea data and a three-dimensional numerical ocean model. Sea surface temperature (SST) response is emphasized. The model has a surface mixed-layer (ML) that entrains ...
James F. Price
The Parallelization of the Princeton Ocean Model
In this paper we present the parallel implementation of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) using message passing. Domain decomposition techniques are used for the horizontal discretization whereas in the vertical direction each column per grid point is ... Keywords: domain decomposition, message passing, princeton ocean model
L. A. Boukas; N. Th. Mimikou; Nikolaos M. Missirlis; G. L. Mellor; A. Lascaratos; G. Korres
The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS)
The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) is used by the U.S. Navy for depiction of three-dimensional fields of temperature and salinity over the global ocean. MODAS includes both a static climatology and a dynamic climatology. While the ...
D. N. Fox; W. J. Teague; C. N. Barron; M. R. Carnes; C. M. Lee
Internal Variability of Indian Ocean SST
A 40-yr integration of an eddy-resolving numerical model of the tropical Indian Ocean is analyzed to quantify the interannual variability that is caused by the internal variability of ocean dynamics. It is found that along the equator in the ...
Markus Jochum; Raghu Murtugudde
Ocean Motion International LLC | Open Energy Information
Ocean Motion International LLC Ocean Motion International LLC Jump to: navigation, search Name Ocean Motion International LLC Place Saulsbury, Tennessee Zip 38067 Sector Ocean Product Marine energy technology firm developing ocean/ wave powered generators. Coordinates 35.052242°, -89.083299° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":35.052242,"lon":-89.083299,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
A predictive ocean oil spill model
This is the final report of a two-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Initially, the project focused on creating an ocean oil spill model and working with the major oil companies to compare their data with the Los Alamos global ocean model. As a result of this initial effort, Los Alamos worked closely with the Eddy Joint Industry Project (EJIP), a consortium oil and gas producing companies in the US. The central theme of the project was to use output produced from LANL`s global ocean model to look in detail at ocean currents in selected geographic areas of the world of interest to consortium members. Once ocean currents are well understood this information could be used to create oil spill models, improve offshore exploration and drilling equipment, and aid in the design of semi-permanent offshore production platforms.
Sanderson, J.; Barnette, D. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Papodopoulos, P. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Schaudt, K. [Marathon Oil Co., Littleton, CO (United States); Szabo, D. [Mobil Research and Development Corp., Dallas, TX (United States)
Clean Cities: Ocean State Clean Cities coalition
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Ocean State Clean Cities Coalition Ocean State Clean Cities Coalition The Ocean State Clean Cities coalition works with vehicle fleets, fuel providers, community leaders, and other stakeholders to reduce petroleum use in transportation. Ocean State Clean Cities coalition Contact Information Wendy Lucht 401-874-2792 firstname.lastname@example.com Coalition Website Clean Cities Coordinator Wendy Lucht Photo of Wendy Lucht Wendy Lucht has worked as the Ocean State Clean Cities coordinator at the University of Rhode Island (URI) since 2008 but has worked at URI since 1999. Lucht is working to make Rhode Island the first state certified by Project Get Ready, an initiative preparing cities and states for the arrival of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). As part of this effort, Lucht is serving as chair of the fleet-acquisition committee working on
An Estimate of Equatorial Upwelling in the Pacific
Upwelling in the equatorial Pacific Ocean manifests itself by a tongue of cool water stretching from the Galapagos Islands to the date line. To estimate the rate of upwelling, the mass, heat and salt budgets of the tongue are investigated. The ...
Klaus Wyrtki
Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products
A well documented, publicly available, global data set for surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968 2007). The SOCAT gridded data is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust regularly spaced fCO2 product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet, but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address.
Sabine, Christopher [NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; Hankin, S. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Koyuk, H [Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington; Bakker, D C E [School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Pfeil, B [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen; Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway; Olsen, A [Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNIFOB AS, Bergen, Norway; Metzl, N [Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Kozyr, Alexander [ORNL; Fassbender, A [School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Manke, A [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Malczyk, J [Jetz Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University; Akl, J [CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Alin, S R [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Bellerby, R G J [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Borges, A [University of Liege, Chemical Oceanography Unit, Institut de Physique, Liege, Belgium; Boutin, J [Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Brown, P J [School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Cai, W-J [Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia; Chavez, F P [Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA; Chen, A [Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cosa, C [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Feely, R A [Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Gonzalez-Davila, M [Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,; Goyet, C [Institut de Mod�lisation et d'Analyse en G�o-Environnement et Sant�, Universit� de Perpignan; Hardman-Mountford, N [CSIRO, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Wembley, Western Australia, Australia; Heinze, C [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Hoppema, M [Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Hunt, C W [Ocean Process Analysis Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire; Hydes, D [National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK; Ishii, M [Japan Meteorological Agency, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan; Johannessen, T [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Key, R M [Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Kortzinger, A [GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany; Landschutzer, P [School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Lauvset, S K [Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Lefevre, N [Universit� Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Lenton, A [Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Lourantou, A [Universit� Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Merlivat, L [Universit� Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France; Midorikawa, T [Nagasaki Marine Observatory, Nagasaki, Japan; Mintrop, L [MARIANDA, Kiel, Germany; Miyazaki, C [Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan; Murata, A [Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan; Nakadate, A [Marine Division, Global Environment and Marine Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan; Nakano, Y [Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan; Nakaoka, S [National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan; Nojiri, Y [National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; et al.
Leading Modes of the Upper-Ocean Temperature Interannual Variability along the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean in NCEP GODAS
In this work, the authors analyze the physical mechanisms of interannual variability of the upper-ocean temperature anomaly (OTA) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, using ocean reanalysis from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)...
Zeng-Zhen Hu; Arun Kumar; Bohua Huang; Jieshun Zhu
Employing Satellite-Derived Sea Ice Concentration to Constrain Upper-Ocean Temperature in a Global Ocean GCM
The quality of Southern Ocean sea ice simulations in a global ocean general circulation model (GCM) depends decisively on the simulated upper-ocean temperature. This is confirmed by assimilating satellite-derived sea ice concentration to ...
Achim St�ssel
A Comparative Analysis of Upper-Ocean Heat Content Variability from an Ensemble of Operational Ocean Reanalyses
Ocean heat content (HC) is one of the key indicators of climate variability and also provides ocean memory critical for seasonal and decadal predictions. The availability of multiple operational ocean analyses (ORAs) now routinely produced around ...
Yan Xue; Magdalena A. Balmaseda; Tim Boyer; Nicolas Ferry; Simon Good; Ichiro Ishikawa; Arun Kumar; Michele Rienecker; Anthony J. Rosati; Yonghong Yin
l OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTOcean Thermal Energy Conversion Draft Programmatic Environ-Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion. U.S. DOE Assistant Secre-
EA-1336: Ocean Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Field Experiment...
6: Ocean Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Field Experiment, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania EA-1336: Ocean Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Field Experiment, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania...
Operated device estimation framework
Protective device estimation is a challenging task because there are numerous protective devices present in a typical distribution system. Among various protective devices, auto-reclosers and fuses are the main overcurrent protection on distribution systems. Operation of a protective device in response to a particular fault condition depends upon the protective device�s operating behavior and coordination of various such protective devices. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a protective device estimation algorithm which helps in identifying which protective devices have operated to clear a short circuit condition. The algorithm uses manufacturer�s device details, power quality data measured from substation monitoring devices and power system event features estimated using existing DFA algorithms. The proposed technique can be used to evaluate coordination of these protective devices and helps in locating a fault in a distribution system feeder. This approach is independent of feeder topology and could be readily used for any distribution system. The effectiveness of this algorithm is verified by simulated and actual test data. Suggestions are included for future research and application by electric utilities.
Rengarajan, Janarthanan
Trajectory Design and Implementation for Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Based on Ocean Model Predictions
for Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Based on OceanAUVs) � Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Evolving ocean
Ocean Energy Projects Developing On and Off America's Shores | Department
Ocean Energy Projects Developing On and Off America's Shores Ocean Energy Projects Developing On and Off America's Shores Ocean Energy Projects Developing On and Off America's Shores January 22, 2013 - 1:14pm Addthis Artist rendering of Ocean Power Technologies' proposed wave park off the coast of Oregon. | Photo courtesy of Ocean Power Technologies. Artist rendering of Ocean Power Technologies' proposed wave park off the coast of Oregon. | Photo courtesy of Ocean Power Technologies. Verdant testing its tidal energy device in New York's East River. | Photo courtesy of Verdant Power. Verdant testing its tidal energy device in New York's East River. | Photo courtesy of Verdant Power. Ocean Power Technologies wave energy device. | Photo courtesy of Ocean Power Technologies. Ocean Power Technologies wave energy device. | Photo courtesy of Ocean
A Miniature Fluorometer for Oceanographic Applications
A fluorometer intended for ocean measurements of dye patches achieves small size, low power consumption, and high sensitivity. Its performance is reported using fluorescein sodium as the fluorescent agent, although the principle is applicable to ...
Joel Wesson; Kim David Saunders; Bruce Bricker; Henry Perkins
Deep water pipe, pump, and mooring study: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion program. Final report
The ocean engineering issues affecting the design, construction, deployment, and operation of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) power plants are of key importance. This study addressed the problems associated with the conceptual design of the deep-water pipe, cold-water-pumping, and platform mooring arrangements. These subsystems fall into a natural grouping since the parameters affecting their design are closely related to each other and to the ocean environment. Analysis and evaluations are provided with a view toward judging the impact of the various subsystems on the overall plant concept and to provide an estimate of material and construction cost. Parametric data is provided that describes mooring line configurations, mooring line loads, cold water pipe configurations, and cold water pumping schemes. Selected parameters, issues, and evaluation criteria are used to judge the merits of candidate concepts over a range of OTEC plant size from 100 MWe to 1000 MWe net output power.
Little, T.E.; Marks, J.D.; Wellman, K.H.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: An overview
Ocean thermal energy conversion, or OTEC is a technology that extracts power from the ocean's natural thermal gradient. This technology is being pursued by researchers from many nations; in the United States, OTEC research is funded by the US Department of Energy's Ocean Energy Technology program. The program's goal is to develop the technology so that industry can make a competent assessment of its potential -- either as an alternative or as a supplement to conventional energy sources. Federally funded research in components and systems will help OTEC to the threshold of commercialization. This publication provides an overview of the OTEC technology. 47 refs., 25 figs.
Estimating the Surface Area of Small Rivers in the Southwestern Amazon and Their Role in CO2 Outgassing
A recent estimate of CO2 outgassing from Amazonian wetlands suggests that an order of magnitude more CO2 leaves rivers through gas exchange with the atmosphere than is exported to the ocean as organic plus inorganic carbon. However, the ...
Maria de F�tima F. L. Rasera; Maria Victoria R. Ballester; Alex V. Krusche; Cleber Salimon; Let�cia A. Montebelo; Simone R. Alin; Reynaldo L. Victoria; Jeffrey E. Richey
Impact of Geographic-Dependent Parameter Optimization on Climate Estimation and Prediction: Simulation with an Intermediate Coupled Model
Because of the geographic dependence of model sensitivities and observing systems, allowing optimized parameter values to vary geographically may significantly enhance the signal in parameter estimation. Using an intermediate atmosphere�ocean�land ...
Xinrong Wu; Shaoqing Zhang; Zhengyu Liu; Anthony Rosati; Thomas L. Delworth; Yun Liu
A key parameter that controls the crystallization of primordial oceans in large icy moons is the presence of anti-freeze compounds, which may have maintained primordial oceans over the age of the solar system. Here we investigate the influence of methanol, a possible anti-freeze candidate, on the crystallization of Titan's primordial ocean. Using a thermodynamic model of the solar nebula and assuming a plausible composition of its initial gas phase, we first calculate the condensation sequence of ices in Saturn's feeding zone, and show that in Titan's building blocks methanol can have a mass fraction of {approx}4 wt% relative to water, i.e., methanol can be up to four times more abundant than ammonia. We then combine available data on the phase diagram of the water-methanol system and scaling laws derived from thermal convection to estimate the influence of methanol on the dynamics of the outer ice I shell and on the heat transfer through this layer. For a fraction of methanol consistent with the building blocks composition we determined, the vigor of convection in the ice I shell is strongly reduced. The effect of 5 wt% methanol is equivalent to that of 3 wt% ammonia. Thus, if methanol is present in the primordial ocean of Titan, the crystallization may stop, and a sub-surface ocean may be maintained between the ice I and high-pressure ice layers. A preliminary estimate indicates that the presence of 4 wt% methanol and 1 wt% ammonia may result in an ocean of thickness at least 90 km.
Deschamps, Frederic [Institute of Geophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8092 Zurich (Switzerland); Mousis, Olivier [Universite de Franche-Comte, Institut UTINAM, CNRS/INSU, UMR 6213, 25030 Besancon Cedex (France); Sanchez-Valle, Carmen [Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8092 Zurich (Switzerland); Lunine, Jonathan I., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Rome (Italy)
Ocean Renewable Power Company | Open Energy Information
Power Company Power Company Jump to: navigation, search Name Ocean Renewable Power Company LLC Place Portland, Maine Zip 4101 Sector Ocean, Renewable Energy Product Ocean Renewable Power Company, LLC was founded in 2004 for the purpose of generating reliable, competitive, emission-free electricity from the energy resources of the oceans. Coordinates 45.511795°, -122.675629° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":45.511795,"lon":-122.675629,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Makai Ocean Engineering Inc | Open Energy Information
Makai Ocean Engineering Inc Makai Ocean Engineering Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Makai Ocean Engineering Inc Address PO Box 1206 Place Kailua Zip 96734-1206 Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Year founded 1973 Number of employees 28 Phone number 808.259.8871 Website http://www.makai.com Region United States LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This company is listed in the Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology Database. This company is involved in the following MHK Projects: Modeling the Physical and Biochemical Influence of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plant Discharges into their Adjacent Waters This company is involved in the following MHK Technologies: Deep Water Pipelines This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it.
Ocean Map Regional | Data.gov
Regional Regional Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov » Communities » Ocean Featured Maps The following maps are from data sources that are regional in scope. These are some of the data sources available in the Ocean Community that are most useful in the identified region. This includes several of the human use atlases now available. Regional/State Maps .view-map-gallery .views-row { float: inherit; margin: 0; } .map-align { float: left; margin: 0 20px; } .map-gallery-thumbnail{width:202px;height:133px;} .pane-map-gallery h2.pane-title { color: #284A78 !important; font: bold 16px Georgia,"Times New Roman",Serif !important; margin-left: 25px !important; } Oregon Submarine Cables Marine Reserves and Protected areas of Oregon
Circulation of Tritium in the Pacific Ocean
The input of bomb tritium into the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere waters has demonstrated the spread of a tracer in three dimensions in the North Pacific Ocean. Subsurface tritium maxima in middle and low latitudes clearly show the importance ...
Rana A. Fine; Joseph L. Reid; H. G�te �stlund
Ocean Radiant Heating. Part I: Optical Influences
Radiative transfer calculations are used to quantify the effects of physical and biological processes on variations in the transmission of solar radiation through the upper ocean. Results indicate that net irradiance at 10 cm and 5 m can vary by ...
J. Carter Ohlmann; David A. Siegel; Curtis D. Mobley
Velocity Probability Density Functions for Oceanic Floats
Probability density functions (PDFs) of daily velocities from subsurface floats deployed in the North Atlantic and equatorial Atlantic Oceans are examined. In general, the PDFs are approximately Gaussian for small velocities, but with significant ...
Annalisa Bracco; J. H. LaCasce; Antonello Provenzale
An Investigation of Explosively Deepening Oceanic Cyclones
The explosively deepening oceanic cyclone or �bomb,� one which has central pressure falls of 12 mb (12 h)?1 or greater, has been studied using composites constructed from North Atlantic and Pacific weather ship rawinsonde data during the period ...
Eric Rogers; Lance F. Bosart
Wavelet Transforms and Ocean Current Data Analysis
The recently advanced approach of wavelet transforms is applied to the analysis of ocean currents. The conventional analyses of time series in the frequency domain can be readily generalized to the frequency.and time domain using wavelet ...
Paul C. Liu; Gerald S. Miller
Variability of Southern Ocean Jets Near Topography
The interaction of jets with topography in the Southern Ocean is investigated using 19 years of altimetry data. In particular, the �jet jumping� mode of variability, by which two or more jets passing close to the same topographic feature show ...
Christopher C. Chapman; Rosemary Morrow
Oceanic Internal Waves Are Not Weak Waves
It is shown that the oceanic internal wave field is too energetic by roughly two orders of magnitude to be treated theoretically as an assemblage of weakly interacting waves. This may be seen both from recent weak wave theoretical calculations ...
Greg Holloway