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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
The Enterprise Model for Developing Distributed Applications
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Enterprise is a programming environment for designing, coding, debugging, testing, monitoring, profiling, and executing programs for distributed hardware. Developers using Enterprise do not deal with low-level programming details such as marshalling ...
Jonathan Schaeffer; Duane Szafron; Greg Lobe; Ian Parsons
A methodology for developing and deploying distributed applications
We describe a methodology for developing and deploying distributed Java applications using a reflective middleware system called RAFDA. We illustrate the methodology by describing how it has been used to develop a peer-to-peer infrastructure, and explain ...
Graham N. C. Kirby; Scott M. Walker; Stuart J. Norcross; Alan Dearle
A Methodology for Developing and Deploying Distributed Applications
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Abstract. We describe a methodology for developing and deploying distributed Java applications using a reflective middleware system called RAFDA. We illustrate the methodology by describing how it has been used to develop a peer-to-peer infrastructure, and explain the benefits relative to other techniques. The strengths of the approach are that the application logic can be designed and implemented completely independently of distribution concerns, easing the development task, and that this gives great flexibility to alter distribution decisions late in the development cycle. 1
Application and Prospect of Distributed Temperature Sensor in Oil-Gas Exploration Development
Obtaining temperature information is of great significance to distinguish borehole conditions, monitor oil-field performance, and optimize working system after hydrocarbon exploration and production started. Distributed temperature sensor is developed ... Keywords: distributed, temperature, sensor, application
Yang Chuan; Chen Ping; Ma Tianshou; Han Xiong
Distributed Wind Market Applications
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Distributed Wind Market Distributed Wind Market Applications T. Forsyth and I. Baring-Gould Technical Report NREL/TP-500-39851 November 2007 NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute * Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Technical Report NREL/TP-500-39851 November 2007 Distributed Wind Market Applications T. Forsyth and I. Baring-Gould Prepared under Task No. WER6.7502 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
Design and Development of a Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Distributed Sensing Applications
for various applications such as habitat monitoring, agriculture, nuclear reactor control, security, etc that draws on current protocol theories. The protocol uses a hybrid network structure to achieve scalability
Faloutsos, Christos
Smart Distribution Applications for Distributed Energy Resources
P180.014 Smart Distribution Applications for Distributed Energy Resources (070625)The factors listed below all support the proliferation of Distributed Generating (DG) units in electric utility systems. The growing rate of DG deployment suggests that alternative energy-based solutions play an increasingly important role in the smart grid and modern utility.Deregulation of the electric utility industry in some countriesEnvironmental ...
Development of Advanced Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrids for Distributed Power Market Applications
A project was initiated with Rolls-Royce PLC to assess the technical and economic feasibility of their advanced solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology and to better understand the development hurdles to achieving megawatt-scale commercial products. This effort was part of a series of projects in 2001 assessing solid oxide fuel cell technology.
SciTech Connect
Distributed wind energy systems provide clean, renewable power for on-site use and help relieve pressure on the power grid while providing jobs and contributing to energy security for homes, farms, schools, factories, private and public facilities, distribution utilities, and remote locations. America pioneered small wind technology in the 1920s, and it is the only renewable energy industry segment that the United States still dominates in technology, manufacturing, and world market share. The series of analyses covered by this report were conducted to assess some of the most likely ways that advanced wind turbines could be utilized apart from large, central station power systems. Each chapter represents a final report on specific market segments written by leading experts in this field. As such, this document does not speak with one voice but rather a compendium of different perspectives, which are documented from a variety of people in the U.S. distributed wind field.
Forsyth, T.; Baring-Gould, I.
CUMULVS: Collaborative infrastructure for developing distributed simulations
The CUMULVS software environment provides remote collaboration among scientists by allowing them to dynamically attach to, view, and steer a running simulation. Users can interactively examine intermediate results on demand, saving effort for long-running applications gone awry. In addition, it provides fault tolerance to distributed applications via user-directed checkpointing, heterogeneous task migration and automatic restart. This talk describes CUMULVS and how this tool benefits scientists developing large distributed applications.
Kohl, J.A.; Papadopoulos, P.M.; Geist, G.A. II
Development of an AutoWEP distributed hydrological model and its application to the upstream catchment of the Miyun Reservoir
Based on the physically characterized distributed hydrological modeling scheme - WEP-L - a more generalized and expandable method - AutoWEP - has been developed that is equipped with updated modules for pre-processing and automatic parameter identification. ... Keywords: AutoWEP modeling, Parameter identification, Parameter optimization, Parameter partition, Sensitivity analysis
Xiaohui Lei; Yu Tian; Weihong Liao; Wei Bai; Yang Wen Jia; Yun Zhong Jiang; Hao Wang
IntelliGrid Architecture Development for Distribution Systems
Distribution systems will ultimately implement thousands of devices in support of a variety of applications to support distribution automation as well as customer operations. However, standards necessary to enable integration of distribution equipment are not complete. This project identifies key applications and develops initial understanding of the data and behaviors of advanced distribution automation to enable full development of necessary communications standards.
Smart Distribution Applications and Technologies
In 2008, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) provided its Distribution System Simulator (DSS) software tool to the industry as open-source software called OpenDSS. One of the main purposes for making it open source was to provide a convenient platform for users to develop and test algorithms for advanced distribution automation (ADA) functions. This report describes the basics of how to apply the OpenDSS program to assess ADA algorithms that might be found in a distribution management system (DMS).
Development of an Integrated Distribution Management System
This final report details the components, functionality, costs, schedule and benefits of developing an Integrated Distribution Management System (IDMS) for power distribution system operation. The Distribution Automation (DA) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems used by electric power companies to manage the distribution of electric power to retail energy consumers are vital components of the Nation�s critical infrastructure. Providing electricity is an essential public service and a disruption in that service, if not quickly restored, could threaten the public safety and the Nation�s economic security. Our Nation�s economic prosperity and quality of life have long depended on the essential services that utilities provide; therefore, it is necessary to ensure that electric utilities are able to conduct their operations safely and efficiently. A fully integrated technology of applications is needed to link various remote sensing, communications and control devices with other information tools that help guide Power Distribution Operations personnel. A fully implemented IDMS will provide this, a seamlessly integrated set of applications to raise electric system operating intelligence. IDMS will enhance DA and SCADA through integration of applications such as Geographic Information Systems, Outage Management Systems, Switching Management and Analysis, Operator Training Simulator, and other Advanced Applications, including unbalanced load flow and fault isolation/service restoration. These apps are capable of utilizing and obtaining information from appropriately installed DER, and by integrating disparate systems, the Distribution Operators will benefit from advanced capabilities when analyzing, controlling and operating the electric system.
Schatz, Joe E.
Collaborative National Program for the Development and Performance Testing of Distributed Power Technologies with Emphasis on Combined Heat and Power Applications
A current barrier to public acceptance of distributed generation (DG) and combined heat and power (CHP) technologies is the lack of credible and uniform information regarding system performance. Under a cooperative agreement, the Association of State Energy Research and Technology Transfer Institutions (ASERTTI) and the U.S. Department of Energy have developed four performance testing protocols to provide a uniform basis for comparison of systems. The protocols are for laboratory testing, field testing, long-term monitoring and case studies. They have been reviewed by a Stakeholder Advisory Committee made up of industry, public interest, end-user, and research community representatives. The types of systems covered include small turbines, reciprocating engines (including Stirling Cycle), and microturbines. The protocols are available for public use and the resulting data is publicly available in an online national database and two linked databases with further data from New York State. The protocols are interim pending comments and other feedback from users. Final protocols will be available in 2007. The interim protocols and the national database of operating systems can be accessed at www.dgdata.org. The project has entered Phase 2 in which protocols for fuel cell applications will be developed and the national and New York databases will continue to be maintained and populated.
Soinski, Arthur; Hanson, Mark
An instrumentation and control-based approach for distributed application management and adaptation
Distributed applications are notoriously difficult to develop and manage due to their inherent dynamics and heterogeneity of component technologies and network protocols. Middleware technologies dramatically simplify the development of distributed applications, ... Keywords: control, dependency management, instrumentation, jini technology, middleware
D. Reilly; A. Taleb-Bendiab; A. Laws; N. Badr
Advanced Application Development Program Information
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Summary of the Tranmission Reliability program's Advanced Applications Research and Development activity area. This program develops and demonstrates tools to monitor and control the grid with...
Phase distribution of software development effort
Effort distribution by phase or activity is an important but often overlooked aspect compared to other steps in the cost estimation process. Poor effort allocation is among the major root causes of rework due to insufficiently resourced early activities. ... Keywords: cost estimation, development type, effort allocation, effort distribution, estimation accuracy, phase distribution
Ye Yang; Mei He; Mingshu Li; Qing Wang; Barry Boehm
Enhancing adaptability of distributed groupware applications
Distributed Groupware applications must be designed to cope with an increasingly diverse set of operational conditions. The available network bandwidth and latency, the network connectivity, the number of users, the type of devices, the system load, ... Keywords: adaptability, adaptive, adaptive layer, context awareness, groupware, mobile devices
Tebalo Tsoaeli; Judith Bishop
Java Technology : a Strategic Solution for Interactive Distributed Applications
In a world demanding the best performance from financial investments, distributed applications occupy the first place among the proposed solutions. This particularity is due to their distributed architecture which is able to acheives high performance. Currently, many research works aim to develop tools that facilitate the implementation of such applications. The urgent need for such applications in all areas pushes researchers to accelerate this process. However, the lack of standardization results in the absence of strategic decisions taken by computer science community. In this article, we argue that Java technology represents an elegant compromise ahead of the list of the currently available solutions. In fact, by promoting the independence of hardware and software, Java technology makes it possible to overcome pitfalls that are inherent to the creation of distributed applications.
Alustwani, Husam; Mostefaoui, Ahmed; Salomon, Michel
The Impact of Distributed Programming Abstractions on Application Energy Consumption
The Impact of Distributed Programming Abstractions on Application Energy Consumption Young-Woo Kwon measure and analyze the impact of distributed programming abstractions on application energy consumption future efforts in creating energy efficient distributed programming abstractions. Keywords: energy
Ryder, Barbara G.
CGI-based applications for distributed embedded systems for monitoring temperature and humidity
The paper discusses the using of Common Gateway Interface in developing web-based distributed embedded systems. It shows the tree-layer model in developing client-server applications. An example using a BECK microcontroller SC12 in application for monitoring ... Keywords: CGI, common gateway interface, distributed automation and control, distributed embedded systems, temperature and humidity measurements
Grisha Spasov; Nikolay Kakanakov
Communications Infrastructure for Distribution Applications and Automation
The purpose of this report is to determine the role that communications will play in the distribution system of the future and to define the research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) activities required to enable the communications infrastructure needed to support the future vision. The communications infrastructure needed to support the distribution system of the future must support scalability, flexibility, and interoperability for data and information exchange using standards across the entire g...
Alloy Development and Applications
... Gerald Bourne2; Joseph Jankowski2; 1Boeing; 2Colorado School of Mines; .... development of conventional superalloys has relied on the addition of heavy�...
Regulatory Considerations for Developing Distributed Generation Projects
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Regulatory Considerations for Developing Distributed Generation Regulatory Considerations for Developing Distributed Generation Projects Webinar Regulatory Considerations for Developing Distributed Generation Projects Webinar May 23, 2012 11:30AM to 1:00PM MDT The purpose of this webinar is to educate NRECA and APPA members, Tribes, and federal energy managers about a few of the regulatory issues that should be considered in developing business plans for distributed generation projects. This webinar is sponsored by the DOE Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs, DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Tribal Energy Program, Western Area Power Administration, DOE Federal Energy Management Program, DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, and the American Public Power
Regulatory Considerations for Developing Distributed Generation...
Generation Projects Webinar Regulatory Considerations for Developing Distributed Generation Projects Webinar May 23, 2012 11:30AM to 1:00PM MDT The purpose of this webinar...
Some Applications of the Fractional Poisson Probability Distribution
Physical and mathematical applications of fractional Poisson probability distribution have been presented. As a physical application, a new family of quantum coherent states has been introduced and studied. As mathematical applications, we have discovered and developed the fractional generalization of Bell polynomials, Bell numbers, and Stirling numbers. Appearance of fractional Bell polynomials is natural if one evaluates the diagonal matrix element of the evolution operator in the basis of newly introduced quantum coherent states. Fractional Stirling numbers of the second kind have been applied to evaluate skewness and kurtosis of the fractional Poisson probability distribution function. A new representation of Bernoulli numbers in terms of fractional Stirling numbers of the second kind has been obtained. A representation of Schlafli polynomials in terms of fractional Stirling numbers of the second kind has been found. A new representations of Mittag-Leffler function involving fractional Bell polynomials and fractional Stirling numbers of the second kind have been discovered. Fractional Stirling numbers of the first kind have been introduced and studied. Two new polynomial sequences associated with fractional Poisson probability distribution have been launched and explored. The relationship between new polynomials and the orthogonal Charlier polynomials has also been investigated. In the limit case when the fractional Poisson probability distribution becomes the Poisson probability distribution, all of the above listed developments and implementations turn into the well-known results of quantum optics, the theory of combinatorial numbers and the theory of orthogonal polynomials of discrete variable.
Nick Laskin
Parameter estimation for performance models of distributed application systems
The performance engineering of distributed applications requires models that capture contention for both hardware and software resources. Layered queueing models have been proposed for modeling distributed applications but they require model parameters ...
Jerome Rolia; Vidar Vetland
Applicability of the FASTBUS standard to distributed control
The new FASTBUS standard has been designed to provide a framework for distributed processing in both experimental data acquisition and accelerator control. The features of FASTBUS which support distributed control are a priority arbitration scheme which allows intercrate as well as intracrate message flow between processors and slave devices; and a high bandwidth to permit efficient sharing of the data paths by high-speed devices. Sophisticated diagnostic aids permit system-wide error checking and/or correction. Software has been developed for large distributed systems. This consists of a system data base description, and initialization algorithms to allocate address space and establish preferred message routes. A diagnostics package is also being developed, based on an independent Ethernet-like serial link. The paper describes available hardware and software, on-going developments, and current applications.
Deiss, S.R.; Downing, R.W.; Gustavson, D.B.; Larsen, R.S.; Logg, C.A.; Paffrath, L.
Composable Process Elements for Developing COTSBased Applications
Data collected from five years of developing e-service applications at USC-CSE reveals that an increasing fraction have been commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)-Based Application (CBA) projects: from 28 % in 1997 to 60 % in 2001. Data from both small and large CBA projects show that CBA effort is primarily distributed among the three activities of COTS assessment, COTS tailoring, and glue code development and integration, with wide variations in their distribution across projects. We have developed a set of data-motivated composable process elements, in terms of these three activities, for developing CBA's as well an overall decision framework for applying the process elements. We present data regarding the movement towards CBA's and effort distribution among them; we then proceed to describe the decision framework and to present a real-world example showing how it operates within the WinWin Spiral process model generator to orchestrate, execute, and adapt the process elements to changing project circumstances.
Barry Boehm; Dan Port; Ye Yang; Jesal Bhuta; Chris Abts
Property:Distributed Generation System Power Application | Open Energy
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Application Application Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Power Application" Showing 21 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Based Load +, Backup + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Based Load +, Backup + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Floyd Bennett + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Harbec Plastics + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Hudson Valley Community College + Based Load +
Radioisotopes distributed for industrial applications for Oak Ridge National Laboratory
A brief discussion is presented of the radioisotopes distributed by ORNL, available quantities, and their main areas of industrial applications. (DLC)
Lamb, E.
Advanced applications for distribution system optimization
The primary objective for distribution system operation has always been to provide acceptable voltage for all customers under all loading conditions while maintaining safe conditions for the field workforce and the general public and protecting distribution ...
R. W. Uluski
Traces generation to simulate large-scale distributed applications
In order to study the performance of scheduling algorithms, simulators of parallel and distributed applications need accurate models of the application's behavior during execution. For this purpose, traces of low-level events collected during the actual ...
Olivier Dalle; Emilio P. Mancini
Drum inspection robots: Application development
Throughout the Department of Energy (DOE), drums containing mixed and low level stored waste are inspected, as mandated by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and other regulations. The inspections are intended to prevent leaks by finding corrosion long before the drums are breached. The DOE Office of Science and Technology (OST) has sponsored efforts towards the development of robotic drum inspectors. This emerging application for mobile and remote sensing has broad applicability for DOE and commercial waste storage areas. Three full scale robot prototypes have been under development, and another project has prototyped a novel technique to analyze robotically collected drum images. In general, the robots consist of a mobile, self-navigating base vehicle, outfitted with sensor packages so that rust and other corrosion cues can be automatically identified. They promise the potential to lower radiation dose and operator effort required, while improving diligence, consistency, and documentation.
Hazen, F.B. [Fernald Environmental Restoration Management Corp., Cincinnati, OH (United States); Warner, R.D. [USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
Solar photovoltaics for development applications
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This document introduces photovoltaic technology to individuals and groups specializing in development activities. Examples of actual installations illustrate the many services supplied by photovoltaic systems in development applications, including water pumping, lighting, health care, refrigeration, communications, and a variety of productive uses. The various aspects of the technology are explored to help potential users evaluate whether photovoltaics can assist them in achieving their organizational goals. Basic system design, financing techniques, and the importance of infrastructure are included, along with additional sources of information and major US photovoltaic system suppliers.
Shepperd, L.W. [Florida Solar Energy Center, Cape Canaveral, FL (United States)] [Florida Solar Energy Center, Cape Canaveral, FL (United States); Richards, E.H. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)] [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Property:Distributed Generation System Application | Open Energy
System Application System Application Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Application" Showing 22 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/615 kW Waukesha Packaged System + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Combined Heat and Power +
A Distributed Application for Monte Carlo Simulations
The present paper implements a cluster of workstation (COW) structure and also an application that will demonstrate the advantages and benefits of such a structure. The application is a message - passing - based parallel program, which simulates in parallel ...
Nicolae Tapus; Mihai Burcea; Vlad Staicu
Application Deployment over Heterogeneous Grids using Distributed Ant
Application Deployment over Heterogeneous Grids using Distributed Ant Wojtek Goscinski and David in a secure, distributed, environment [2]. How- ever, a significant, unaddressed, challenge for Grid computing an automated applica- tion deployment system with a user-oriented approach, Distributed Ant (DistAnt) [3
Abramson, David
Property:Distributed Generation System Heating-Cooling Application | Open
Heating-Cooling Application Heating-Cooling Application Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Heating-Cooling Application" Showing 21 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Domestic Hot Water +, Space Heat and/or Cooling + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Domestic Hot Water + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Domestic Hot Water + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Space Heat and/or Cooling +, Other + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Space Heat and/or Cooling +, Domestic Hot Water + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Domestic Hot Water +, Process Heat and/or Cooling +
Guidelines for Distribution Operations Applications Using Advanced Metering Infrastructure Investments
This report is a study of how advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) systems and data can be used to benefit distribution operations and management. It includes an overview of common distribution applications and provides for each: 1) a description of how the application is commonly implemented and 2) an assessment of how AMI might be used to benefit this application. Following these assessments, a collection of case studies is provided as examples of what utilities are currently doing with AMI systems a...
Invariant generators for generalized distributions and applications
The existence of invariant generators for locally finitely generated distributions satisfying a mild compatibility condition with the symmetry algebra is proved. This is applied to regular standard Dirac reduction.
Jotz, Madeleine
A distributed object framework for pervasive computing applications
This thesis presents a new architectural abstraction for developing dynamic and adaptive software. Separating application logic from implementation mechanism provides developers with a simple API for constructing new ...
Pham, Hubert
2012 Grid Strategy: Distribution Management System (DMS) Advanced Applications for Distributed Energy Resources
This report provides an overview of the management systems and the advanced applications that utilities in the Electric Power Research Institute�s (EPRI�s) multi-year Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative are using or plan to use to manage the distribution system and to monitor and control distributed energy resources (DER). The management systems covered in this report are the distribution management system (DMS), the distributed energy resource management system (DERMS), and the demand ...
Distributed Information System Development: Review of Some ...
2 Management Issues in Distributed Information System ... creation and testing, to software's installation and maintenance-and even extends to the improvement�...
Ambidexterity in Agile Distributed Development: An Empirical Investigation
Distributed software development has become a common reality with the advent of off-shore development and the need to be close to markets. Also, the dynamic nature of the environment in which businesses operate suggests the use of agile development methods. ... Keywords: agile development, ambidexterity, distributed development, qualitative case study
Balasubramaniam Ramesh; Kannan Mohan; Lan Cao
Engineering Development & Applications - Multimedia - Argonne National
Engineering Development & Applications Engineering Development & Applications > Multimedia Multimedia Nuclear Systems Analysis Engineering Analysis Nonproliferation and National Security Detection & Diagnostic Systems Engineering Development & Applications Argonne's Nuclear Science & Technology Legacy Other Multimedia Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr Bookmark and Share Engineering Development & Applications: Multimedia Related Resources Engineering Development & Applications Click on the "Date" header to sort the videos/podcasts in chronological order (ascending or descending). You may also search for a specific keyword; click on the reset button refresh to remove the keyword filter and show again all the Videos/Podcasts.
Application Guide for the Automation of Distribution Feeder Capacitors
This fourth and final report in EPRI's capacitor reliability study deals with automating distribution capacitors. Prior reports dealt with nuisance fuse operations, operating and construction practices, and lighting protection and grounding of capacitor controllers. This guide is concerned with applying automated switched capacitors to distribution systems. Consideration is given to applications involving locally controlled capacitor banks and to systems utilizing centrally controlled, switched capacitor...
Distribution Applications of the Asset and Risk Management (ARM) Workstation
Significant opportunities exist to improve maintenance, operation, and asset utilization of distribution systems and equipment. To improve the reactive (run-to-failure) maintenance practices typically employed today, a key hurdle to overcome is the lack of needed distribution system and equipment data. This report describes approaches that enable utilities to overcome this hurdle, reduce maintenance costs, and improve operations using current and planned distribution applications of the Asset and Risk Ma...
AMO Industrial Distributed Energy: Research and Development
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
reciprocating engine systems (ARES), packaged CHP systems, high-value applications, fuel-flexible CHP, waste energy recovery systems, and demonstrations of these technologies....
Content Distribution over IP: Developments and Challenges.
??This chapter focuses on the multimedia distribution over Internet IP under the auspices of the NoE Euro-NGI research project "Routing in Overlay Networks (ROVER)". The� (more)
Popescu, Adrian; Kouvatsos, Demetres; Remondo, David
A distributed smart application for solar powered WSNs
Energy harvesting (EH) is a major step in solving the critical issue of availability of energy for sensor nodes. However, it throws many challenges. The applications built on the sensor networks powered by EH need to adapt their operations yet serve ... Keywords: distributed smart application, energy harvested wireless sensor network (EHWSN), multi-criteria optimization
T. V. Prabhakar; S. N. Akshay Uttama Nambi; R. Venkatesha Prasad; S. Shilpa; K. Prakruthi; Ignas Niemegeers
Developing object-based distributed system
The OO-action systems formalism is a recent extension of action systems towards object-orientation. An OO-action system models an object-oriented system with active objects. In this paper we make the notion of a distributed object clear within this framework. Moreover, we show how object-based distributed systems are designed stepwise within a formal framework, the re nement calculus.
Marcello M. Bonsangue; Joost N. Kok; Kaisa Sere; Turku Centre; Computer Science
Applications of Distributed Resources for Distribution Companies: Business Plans and Strategies
The impact of more widespread distributed resources (DR) will be complex and affect many business lines and disciplines within utilities. Not every DR application is going to be a good fit for a given utility or its customers; some applications could even potentially "strand" transmission and distribution (T&D) investments and increase costs to other customers. Addressing DR at a strategic level, this report examines potential DR business strategies and tactics and provides utility planners with insights...
DSS development and applications in China
This paper provides an overview of the application and development of decision support systems in China. The curriculum and research in decision support systems in major Chinese universities is introduced first, then selected recent applications of decision ... Keywords: DSS application, DSS development, Decision support systems, Emerging economies
Jun Tian; Yingluo Wang; Huaizu Li; Ling Li; Kanliang Wang
Adaptable methodology for automation application development
An adaptable methodology for automation application development (AMAAD) is introduced. This development methodology is based on the key concept that design automation (DA) applications are a subset of higher level knowledge-based engineering (KBE) applications, ... Keywords: CommonKADS, Design automation, Knowledge-based engineering, MOKA, Productivity enhancement
Christian van der Velden; Cees Bil; Xinghuo Xu
A Framework for Enabling Distributed Applications on the Internet
The last five years have seen the rapid rise in popularity of what we term internet distributed applications (IDAs). These are internet applications with which many users interact simultaneously. IDAs range from P2P file-sharing applications, to collaborative distributed computing projects, to massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs). Currently, there is no framework that combines IDAs collectively within a single context. We provide a basis for such a framework here. In considering IDAs collectively, we found that there was no generic description that had been applied to them as a group. We have therefore put forward such a description here. In our description, IDAs are functionality separated into three logic layers, which are designed and built individually. Each layer is represented by functionality on the software client running on each participating computer, which together comprise the overall IDA. The core contribution of this work is a framework, called the Internet Distributed Application Framewor...
McLaughlin, Mark Anthony
Evaluation of Distribution Analysis Software for DER Applications
The term ''Distributed energy resources'' or DER refers to a variety of compact, mostly self-contained power-generating technologies that can be combined with energy management and storage systems and used to improve the operation of the electricity distribution system, whether or not those technologies are connected to an electricity grid. Implementing DER can be as simple as installing a small electric generator to provide backup power at an electricity consumer's site. Or it can be a more complex system, highly integrated with the electricity grid and consisting of electricity generation, energy storage, and power management systems. DER devices provide opportunities for greater local control of electricity delivery and consumption. They also enable more efficient utilization of waste heat in combined cooling, heating and power (CHP) applications--boosting efficiency and lowering emissions. CHP systems can provide electricity, heat and hot water for industrial processes, space heating and cooling, refrigeration, and humidity control to improve indoor air quality. DER technologies are playing an increasingly important role in the nation's energy portfolio. They can be used to meet base load power, peaking power, backup power, remote power, power quality, as well as cooling and heating needs. DER systems, ranging in size and capacity from a few kilowatts up to 50 MW, can include a number of technologies (e.g., supply-side and demand-side) that can be located at or near the location where the energy is used. Information pertaining to DER technologies, application solutions, successful installations, etc., can be found at the U.S. Department of Energy's DER Internet site [1]. Market forces in the restructured electricity markets are making DER, both more common and more active in the distribution systems throughout the US [2]. If DER devices can be made even more competitive with central generation sources this trend will become unstoppable. In response, energy providers will be forced to both fully acknowledge the trend and plan for accommodating DER [3]. With bureaucratic barriers [4], lack of time/resources, tariffs, etc. still seen in certain regions of the country, changes still need to be made. Given continued technical advances in DER, the time is fast approaching when the industry, nation-wide, must not only accept DER freely but also provide or review in-depth technical assessments of how DER should be integrated into and managed throughout the distribution system. Characterization studies are needed to fully understand how both the utility system and DER devices themselves will respond to all reasonable events (e.g., grid disturbances, faults, rapid growth, diverse and multiple DER systems, large reactive loads). Some of this work has already begun as it relates to operation and control of DER [5] and microturbine performance characterization [6,7]. One of the most urgently needed tools that can provide these types of analyses is a distribution network analysis program in combination with models for various DER. Together, they can be used for (1) analyzing DER placement in distribution networks and (2) helping to ensure that adequate transmission reliability is maintained. Surveys of the market show products that represent a partial match to these needs; specifically, software that has been developed to plan electrical distribution systems and analyze reliability (in a near total absence of DER). The first part of this study (Sections 2 and 3 of the report) looks at a number of these software programs and provides both summary descriptions and comparisons. The second part of this study (Section 4 of the report) considers the suitability of these analysis tools for DER studies. It considers steady state modeling and assessment work performed by ORNL using one commercially available tool on feeder data provided by a southern utility. Appendix A provides a technical report on the results of this modeling effort.
Staunton, RH
Smart Distribution Applications for Distributed Energy Resources: Distribution Management System Use Cases
Technology advancements in solar photovoltaic and battery storage have driven sharp increases in their deployment by utilities, consumers, and third parties. Distributed energy resources (DERs), such as solar photovoltaic and battery storage, are often connected to the grid with a smart inverter at the distribution level, and distribution operational require�ments are being greatly impacted by their presence. Smart inverters have advanced message processing and fast power control ...
The distributed development environment for SDSS software
The authors present an integrated science software development environment, code maintenance and support system for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) now being actively used throughout the collaboration.
Berman, E.; Gurbani, V.; Mackinnon, B.; Newberg, H.; Nicinski, T.; Petravick, D.; Pordes, R.; Sergey, G.; Stoughton, C. [Fermi National Accelerator Lab., Batavia, IL (United States); Lupton, R. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Market Driven Distributed Energy Storage Requirements for Load Management Applications
Electric energy storage systems are an enabling technology that could help meet the needs of electric utility by managing peak energy demands, helping shift the peak loads to off peak hours and improving the load factor of the electric distribution system. Applications of distributed energy storage systems (DESS) could also provide power quality and reliability benefits to customers and to the electric system. EPRI collaborated with several investor owned utilities to conduct a study to understand the te...
Advanced Sensor Technology Applications for Smart Distribution Systems
The desire to operate distribution systems efficiently and reliably is causing utilities to consider methods for increasing the number of monitoring points on their distribution feeders. Traditionally, installing metering-class current transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs) on the distribution lines to monitor selected points on feeders was standard practice. Vendors have now developed high-accuracy current and voltage sensorsand some sensors that combine both measurementswhich accurately mo...
A deployed multi-agent framework for distributed energy applications
In this paper, we describe the adaptation of an open-source multi-agent platform for distributed energy applications and the trial deployment of resource-controller agents. The platform provides real-time, two-way communication and decision making between ... Keywords: applications of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, collective and emergent agent behavior, frameworks, infrastructures and environments for agent systems
Geoff James; Dave Cohen; Robert Dodier; Glenn Platt; Doug Palmer
Simplified Application of the IEC 61850 for Distributed Energy Resources
The IEC 61850 standard originally was developed for the substation automation. During the last years it was adapted for the integration of distributed energy resources into communication networks. There are however specific requirements in this new field ... Keywords: distributed energy resources, communication, IEC 61850
Heinz Frank; Sidonia Mesentean; Friederich Kupzog
Collaboration patterns in distributed software development projects
The need for educating future software engineers in the field of global software engineering is recognized by many educational institutions. In this paper we outline the characteristics of an existing global software development course run over a period ...
Igor ?avrak; Marin Orli?; Ivica Crnkovi?
Work distribution in global product development organizations
The evolution of the internet, digital design tools, and more importantly, increasing access to global markets and workforce, has increased the interest of firms in offshoring their engineering and product development ...
Tripathy, Anshuman
Microsoft SQL Azure Enterprise Application Development
Build enterprise-ready applications and projects with SQL Azure Develop large scale enterprise applications using Microsoft SQL Azure Understand how to use the various third party programs such as DB Artisan, RedGate, ToadSoft etc developed for SQL ...
Jayaram Krishnaswamy
Analysis of Hawaii Biomass Energy Resources for Distributed Energy Applications
Analysis of Hawaii Biomass Energy Resources for Distributed Energy Applications Prepared for State) concentrations on a unit energy basis for sugar cane varieties and biomass samples of Tables Table 1-A. Analyses of biomass materials found in the State of Hawaii
Small Distributed Generation Applications in the Industrial Sector: A Screening Assessment
This report documents a screening assessment of small distributed generation applications in the industrial sector.
2012 Market Report on Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications
Wind Powering America (EERE)
1 1 Wind Program 2012 Market Report on Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications Alice Orrell, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Heather Rhoads-Weaver, eFormative Options, LLC PNNL-SA-97689 2 What is "Distributed Wind"? Distributed wind is used on or near where it is generated and is... Not just small scale; could be any size turbine or array Employed by households, schools, farms, industrial facilities, municipalities Found in all 50 states and Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands A large portion of turbines installed in U.S. on a per unit basis And has been used for more than 2,000 years to pump water and grind grain Photo Credit: Tom Rivers/The (Batavia, N.Y.) Daily News Photo Credit: Gamesa 3 Benefits of Distributed Wind
Small Wind Turbine Testing and Applications Development
Small wind turbines offer a promising alternative for many remote electrical uses where there is a good wind resource. The National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory helps further the role that small turbines can play in supplying remote power needs. The NWTC tests and develops new applications for small turbines. The NWTC also develops components used in conjunction with wind turbines for various applications. This paper describes wind energy research at the NWTC for applications including battery charging stations, water desalination/purification, and health clinics. Development of data acquisition systems and tests on small turbines are also described.
Corbus, D.; Baring-Gould, I.; Drouilhet, S.; Gevorgian, V.; Jimenez, T.; Newcomb, C.; Flowers, L.
Fault-Location Application for Improving Distribution System Maintenance: Hydro-Quebec's Experiences
Hydro-Qubec has been conducting research since 2001 in the area of distribution line predictive maintenance based on the use of power quality measurements and the localization of non-permanent faults. This concept, which forms the basis of the development of an intelligent electrical line maintenance application known as MILE (French for "Maintenance Intelligente de Lignes lectriques"), originates from a generally held idea whereby the precursor signs of distribution system equipment failure can be detec...
EPRI-DOE Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission and Distribution Applications
The use of stored energy to support and optimize the electric transmission and distribution (T&D) system has been limited in the United States, but recent developments in advanced energy storage technologies and other technical, economic, and social factors suggest a promising future for energy storage. This Handbook provides an objective information resource on the leading, near-term energy storage systems and their costs and benefits for a wide range of T&D applications, including distributed generatio...
Model-based performance instrumentation of distributed applications
Problems such as inconsistent or erroneous instrumentation often plague applications whose source code ismanually instrumented during the implementation phase. Integrating performance instrumentation capabilities into theModel Driven Software Development ...
Jan Schaefer; Jeanne Stynes; Reinhold Kroeger
Application of upspray type water distribution systems in cooling towers
The efficient and uniform distribution of the warm circulating water on to the filling of cooling towers has been the continuing goal of the tower designer. The final element in the water distribution system, the sprayer, plays an important role in achieving this objective. This paper discusses the performance and operational characteristics of a sprayer utilized in counterflow towers that directs the water leaving the sprayer nozzle in an upward direction and briefly compares its performance with that of downward sprayers. The discussion also covers relative tower economics and application data of the sprayer.
Fay, H.P.; Hesse, G.
Underwater Gliders: Recent Developments and Future Applications
Underwater Gliders: Recent Developments and Future Applications (Invited Paper) R. Bachmayer, N underwater vehicles, and in particular au- tonomous underwater gliders, represent a rapidly maturing of an underwater glider system for propulsion, control, communication and sensing. A typical glider operation
Leonard, Naomi
Biotechnology development for biomedical applications.
Sandia's scientific and engineering expertise in the fields of computational biology, high-performance prosthetic limbs, biodetection, and bioinformatics has been applied to specific problems at the forefront of cancer research. Molecular modeling was employed to design stable mutations of the enzyme L-asparaginase with improved selectivity for asparagine over other amino acids with the potential for improved cancer chemotherapy. New electrospun polymer composites with improved electrical conductivity and mechanical compliance have been demonstrated with the promise of direct interfacing between the peripheral nervous system and the control electronics of advanced prosthetics. The capture of rare circulating tumor cells has been demonstrated on a microfluidic chip produced with a versatile fabrication processes capable of integration with existing lab-on-a-chip and biosensor technology. And software tools have been developed to increase the calculation speed of clustered heat maps for the display of relationships in large arrays of protein data. All these projects were carried out in collaboration with researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX.
Kuehl, Michael; Brozik, Susan Marie; Rogers, David Michael; Rempe, Susan L.; Abhyankar, Vinay V.; Hatch, Anson V.; Dirk, Shawn M.; Hedberg-Dirk, Elizabeth (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM); Sukharev, Sergei (University of Maryland, College Park, MD); Anishken, Andriy (University of Maryland, College Park, MD); Cicotte, Kirsten; De Sapio, Vincent; Buerger, Stephen P.; Mai, Junyu
2012 Market Report on Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications 2012 Market Report on Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications August 21, 2013 Coordinator: Welcome and thank you all for holding. I'd like to inform participants that your lines are in a listen only for the duration of today's conference call. If you should need the operator's assistance, please press star then 0. Today's conference is also being recorded. If anyone has any objections, you may disconnect. I would now like to turn the call over to your host, Suzanne Tegen. You may begin. Suzanne Tegen: Thank you. Hi, everyone, and welcome to our monthly Wind Powering America Webinar. Thank you for joining us. I'm Suzanne Tegen from NREL and I'm filling in for Ian Baring-Gould for this webinar. As always, we're grateful to the Department of Energy's Wind and Water
The Development of Drop Size Distributions in Light Rain
A model of rain development based on the quasi-stochastic coalescence equation and including the sedimentation of drops has been used to study the formation of drop size distributions in conditions of weak updraft. Comparisons with �box model� ...
I. Zawadzki; E. Monteiro; F. Fabry
Handbook of Energy Storage for Transmission or Distribution Applications
As a result of a recent increase of interest in and deployment of energy storage options for transmission and distribution (T&D) applications, a large body of information has accumulated, but it is often not readily available to utility engineers in a single, succinct document. Facts on technology description, status, cost and performance information, and lessons learned are often dispersed among multiple vendors and users of prototype and developmental hardware. "Apple to apple" comparative data is virt...
Development and Demonstration of DC Photovoltaic Applications
This report documents a field demonstration performed at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) as part of an Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) research project on improving the economics of photovoltaic (PV) power generation with innovative direct current (dc) applications. Unlike conventional dc uses for PV energy, this project aimed to demonstrate the powering of specific loads in grid-connected buildings without interference to the ac distribution system or other building loads.
Real-Time Middleware Concepts for Automating the Development of Distributed Embedded Control Systems
Developing distributed hard real-time applications is a complex endeavor. This paper presents two orthogonal and complementary approaches and their integration --- Giotto and the AOCS framework. Each of these approaches by itself leads to significant efficiency gains in the development of the software for embedded control systems. Giotto allows the high-level, platform independent specification of the timing behavior of possibly distributed embedded control applications with hard real-time requirements. It represents an innovative middleware concept for this category of applications which strictly separates platform-independent functionality and timing concerns from platform-dependent scheduling and communication issues. Giotto leaves open how the functionality of an application is implemented. Ideally, this should be done by reusing components 1 targeted at real-time control systems. In this spirit, the AOCS framework 2 project defines and implements a set of reusable object-orien...
T.B. Brown; T.A. Henzinger; C.M. Kirsch; A. Pasetti; W. Pree
Cost/Benefit Analysis for Smart Distribution Applications v1.0
The Cost/Benefit Analysis for Smart Distribution Applications�spreadsheet provides estimates for the financial benefits of key Advanced Distribution Automation ...
Development of a Real-Time, High-Speed Distribution Level Data Acquisition System
With the development of smart grids and the deployment of their enabling technologies, improved data acquisition will be needed at the distribution level to understand the full impact of these changes. With this in mind, NREL has developed a high-speed measurement and data collection network targeted specifically at the distribution level. This network is based around adaptable, rugged measurement devices designed for deployment at a variety of low and medium voltage locations below the sub-station. Each of these devices is capable of real-time data transmission via an Internet connection. Additionally, several analysis and visualization applications have been developed around the incoming data streams.
Bank, J.; Kroposki, B.
The 4x6 network; Distribution system applications
An earlier paper described the 4x6 network switching scheme for power delivery systems with emphasis on substations. It was shown that the 4x6 scheme requires up to 40% fewer breakers than traditional switching schemes, and is inherently more reliable. The emphasis here is on distribution system applications. It is shown that transformer nameplate capacity can be reduced up to 33% using the 4x6 switching scheme, with equal or greater reliability. Through judicious use of open circuit breakers or other methods inherent to the 4x6 concept, short-circuit levels and ampacity requirements are reduced for further economy. Also 4x6 facilitates modular construction for distribution substations, permitting use of standardized factory assembled packages of transformers and switchgear for maximum economy.
Page, R.; Nishikawara, K.; Stromotich, F. (Substation Planning Associates, West Vancouver, BC (GB))
The new FASTBUS standard has been designed to provide a framework for distributed processing in both experimental data acquisition and accelerator control. The features of FASTBUS which support distributed control are a priority arbitration scheme which allows intercrate as well as intracrate message flow between processors and slave devices; and a high bandwidth to permit efficient sharing of the data paths by highspeed devices. Sophisticated diagnostic aids permit system-wide error checking and/or correction. Software has been developed for large distributed systems. This consists of a system data base description, and inltialization algorithms to allocate address space and establish preferred message routes. A diagnostics package is also being developed, based on an independent Ethernet-like serial link. The paper describes available hardware and software, on-going developments, and current applications.
S. R. Deiss; R. W. Downing; D. B. Gustavson; R. S. Larsen; C. A. Logg; L. Paffrath
Value distribution assessment of geothermal development in Lake County, CA
A value distribution assessment is defined as the determination of the distribution of benefits and costs of a proposed or actual development, with the intent of comparing such a development with alternative plans. Included are not only the social and economic effects, but also people's perceptions of their roles and how they are affected by the proposed or actual development. Discussion is presented under the following section headings: on morality and ethics; the vanishing community; case study of pre-development planning--Lake County; methodology for research; Lake County geothermal energy resource; decision making; Planning Commission hearing; communication examples; benefit tracing; response to issues raised by the report of the State Geothermal Task Force; and, conclusions and recommendations. (JGB)
Churchman, C.W.; Nelson, H.G.; Eacret, K.
Development of drilling foams for geothermal applications
The use of foam drilling fluids in geothermal applications is addressed. A description of foams - what they are, how they are used, their properties, equipment required to use them, the advantages and disadvantages of foams, etc. - is presented. Geothermal applications are discussed. Results of industry interviews presented indicate significant potential for foams, but also indicate significant technical problems to be solved to achieve this potential. Testing procedures and results of tests on representative foams provide a basis for work to develop high-temperature foams.
McDonald, W.J.; Remont, L.J.; Rehm, W.A.; Chenevert, M.E.
Technical Assessment: Advanced Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrids for Distributed Power Market Applications
High temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs) are under intense development in the U.S., Japan, and Europe. The U.S. DOE solid energy convergence alliance (SECA) has invested in SOFC technology for distributed power markets and for future applications involving integrated coal gasification. SOFC hybrid systems which incorporate the use of small turbines or turbo-charging have potentially high efficiencies near 60% LHV. Rolls Royce, GE Power Systems, Siemens, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries are developin...
Legal, regulatory & institutional issues facing distributed resources development
This report describes legal, regulatory, and institutional considerations likely to shape the development and deployment of distributed resources. It is based on research co-sponsored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and four investor-owned utilities (Central & South West Services, Cinergy Corp., Florida Power Corporation, and San Diego Gas & Electric Company). The research was performed between August 1995 and March 1996 by a team of four consulting firms experienced in energy and utility law, regulation, and economics. It is the survey phase of a project known as the Distributed Resources Institutional Analysis Project.
The development and applications of biomarkers
This report is a compilation of submitted abstracts of scientific papers presented at the second Department of Energy-supported workshop on the use and applications of biomarkers held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, from April 26--29, 1994. The abstracts present a synopsis of the latest scientific developments in biomarker research and how these developments meet with the practical needs of the occupational physician as well as the industrial hygienist and the health physicist. In addition to considering the practical applications and potential benefits of this promising technology, the potential ethical and legal ramifications of using biomarkers to monitor workers are discussed. The abstracts further present insights on the present benefits that can be derived from using biomarkers as well as a perspective on what further research is required to fully meet the needs of the medical community.
Normandy, J.; Peeters, J. [eds.
New Developments on Metallurgy and Applications of High Strength ...
Oils & Gas Applications Oral Presentations. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ... LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF HIGH STRENGTH.
AMO Industrial Distributed Energy: Clean Energy Application Centers
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy EERE Home | Programs & Offices | Consumer Information Industrial Distributed Energy Search Search Help Industrial Distributed Energy EERE...
EPRI Pre-Conference Workshop: Active Distribution System Management for Integration of Distributed Resources Research, Development a nd Demonstration Needs
This report documents the proceedings of the EPRI Pre-Conference Workshop: Active Distribution System Management for Integration of Distributed ResourcesResearch, Development and Demonstration Needs, held December 9, 2008. This workshop presented over 20 projects related to active distribution management for distributed energy resource (DER) integration.
Gaseous Detectors: recent developments and applications
Since long time, the compelling scientific goals of future high energy physics experiments were a driving factor in the development of advanced detector technologies. A true innovation in detector instrumentation concepts came in 1968, with the development of a fully parallel readout for a large array of sensing elements - the Multiwire Proportional Chamber (MWPC), which earned Georges Charpak a Nobel prize in physics in 1992. Since that time radiation detection and imaging with fast gaseous detectors, capable of economically covering large detection volume with low mass budget, have been playing an important role in many fields of physics. Advances in photo-lithography and micro-processing techniques in the chip industry during the past decade triggered a major transition in the field of gas detectors from wire structures to Micro-Pattern Gas Detector (MPGD) concepts, revolutionizing cell size limitations for many gas detector applications. The high radiation resistance and excellent spatial and time resolution make them an invaluable tool to confront future detector challenges at the next generation of colliders. The design of the new micro-pattern devices appears suitable for industrial production. Novel structures where MPGDs are directly coupled to the CMOS pixel readout represent an exciting field allowing timing and charge measurements as well as precise spatial information in 3D. Originally developed for the high energy physics, MPGD applications has expanded to nuclear physics, UV and visible photon detection, astroparticle and neutrino physics, neutron detection and medical physics.
Maxim Titov
Program on Technology Innovation: Identification of Embedded Applications for New and Emerging Distributed Generation Technologies
Novel distributed generation (DG) technologies hold the potential of serving the needs of a variety of end-use applications, both existing as well as emerging. This report describes some of the emerging end-use applications and evaluates their potential for integration with distributed generation applications. The analysis addresses their value in terms of modularity, environmental friendliness, and favorable production economics.
2012 Market Report on U.S. Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications
At the end of 2012, U.S. wind turbines in distributed applications reached a 10-year cumulative installed capacity of more than 812 MW from more than 69,000 units across all 50 states. In 2012 alone, nearly 3,800 wind turbines totaling 175 MW of distributed wind capacity were documented in 40 states and in the U.S. Virgin Islands, with 138 MW using utility-scale turbines (i.e., greater than 1 MW in size), 19 MW using mid-size turbines (i.e., 101 kW to 1 MW in size), and 18.4 MW using small turbines (i.e., up to 100 kW in size). Distributed wind is defined in terms of technology application based on a wind project�s location relative to end-use and power-distribution infrastructure, rather than on technology size or project size. Distributed wind systems are either connected on the customer side of the meter (to meet the onsite load) or directly to distribution or micro grids (to support grid operations or offset large loads nearby). Estimated capacity-weighted average costs for 2012 U.S. distributed wind installations was $2,540/kW for utility-scale wind turbines, $2,810/kW for mid-sized wind turbines, and $6,960/kW for newly manufactured (domestic and imported) small wind turbines. An emerging trend observed in 2012 was an increased use of refurbished turbines. The estimated capacity-weighted average cost of refurbished small wind turbines installed in 2012 was $4,080/kW. As a result of multiple projects using utility-scale turbines, Iowa deployed the most new overall distributed wind capacity, 37 MW, in 2012. Nevada deployed the most small wind capacity in 2012, with nearly 8 MW of small wind turbines installed in distributed applications. In the case of mid-size turbines, Ohio led all states in 2012 with 4.9 MW installed in distributed applications. State and federal policies and incentives continued to play a substantial role in the development of distributed wind projects. In 2012, U.S. Treasury Section 1603 payments and grants and loans from the U.S. Department of Agriculture�s Rural Energy for America Program were the main sources of federal funding for distributed wind projects. State and local funding varied across the country, from rebates to loans, tax credits, and other incentives. Reducing utility bills and hedging against potentially rising electricity rates remain drivers of distributed wind installations. In 2012, other drivers included taking advantage of the expiring U.S. Treasury Section 1603 program and a prosperous year for farmers. While 2012 saw a large addition of distributed wind capacity, considerable barriers and challenges remain, such as a weak domestic economy, inconsistent state incentives, and very competitive solar photovoltaic and natural gas prices. The industry remains committed to improving the distributed wind marketplace by advancing the third-party certification process and introducing alternative financing models, such as third-party power purchase agreements and lease-to-own agreements more typical in the solar photovoltaic market. Continued growth is expected in 2013.
Orrell, Alice C.; Flowers, L. T.; Gagne, M. N.; Pro, B. H.; Rhoads-Weaver, H. E.; Jenkins, J. O.; Sahl, K. M.; Baranowski, R. E.
Applications of an electronic transformer in a power distribution system
In electrical power distribution and power electronic applications, a transformer is an indispensable component which performs many functions. At its operating frequency (60/50 Hz), it is one of the most bulky and expensive components. The concept of the electronic transformer introduced previously has shown considerable reduction in size, weight, and volume by operating at a higher frequency. In this dissertation, the concept of the electronic transformer is further extended to the auto-connected phase-shifting type to reduce harmonics generated by nonlinear loads. It is shown that with the addition of primary side and secondary side AC/AC converters achieves phase-shifting. With the addition of converters, magnetic components are operated at a higher frequency to yield a smaller size and weight. Two types of auto-connected electronic transformer configurations are explored. In the first configuration, the secondary converter is eliminated and the output is suitable for rectifier type loads such as adjustable speed drives. In the second configuration, the secondary converter is added to obtain a sinusoidal phase-shifted AC output voltage. This approach is applicable in general applications. With the proposed approaches, the th and 7th harmonic in utility line currents, generated by two sets of nonlinear loads, are subtracted within the electronic transformer, thereby reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current. The analysis and simulation results are presented. In the second part of the dissertation, the electronic transformer concept is applied to a telecommunication power supply (-48 VDC) system. The proposed approach consists of a matrix converter to convert the low frequency three-phase input AC utility to a high frequency AC output without a DC-link. The output of the matrix converter is then processed via a high frequency isolation transformer to produce -48 VDC. Digital control of the system ensures that the output voltage is regulated and the input currents are of high quality, devoid of low frequency harmonics and at near unity input power factor under varying load conditions. Due to the absence of DC-link electrolytic capacitors, the power density of the proposed rectifier is shown to be higher. Analysis, design example and experimental results are presented from a three-phase 208 V, 1.5 kW laboratory prototype converter.
Ratanapanachote, Somnida
this topic. DOE's Regional Clean Energy Application Centers (CEACs), formerly called the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Regional Application Centers (RACs), promote and assist in...
Central Energy Systems - Applications to Economic Development
The City of San Antonio's Office of Public Utilities has developed an innovative process to assess predesign energy conservation strategies for new buildings. This assessment also provides direction for the community's overall economic development objectives. The process utilizes two computer-aided programs to evaluate quickly and cost effectively the energy efficiency of new buildings. The City uses the Predesign Energy Program (PREP) to analyze efficiency in new individual buildings during the conceptual stage of design. The second program, Central Energy Systems Analysis Program (CESAP) analyzes energy efficiency for a group of buildings and determines if a new district heating and cooling (DHC) system would be a cost effective application to serve the development project's energy requirements. The combination of these programs have given the City of San Antonio the ability to: (1) help builders, owners and architects to reduce energy and construction costs; and (2) evaluate the feasibility of new district heating and cooling systems as a means to promote economic development within the City of San Antonio.
Myers, M. S.; Diserens, S. E.
Power Electronics for Distributed Energy Systems and Transmission and Distribution Applications: Assessing the Technical Needs for Utility Applications
Power electronics can provide utilities the ability to more effectively deliver power to their customers while providing increased reliability to the bulk power system. In general, power electronics is the process of using semiconductor switching devices to control and convert electrical power flow from one form to another to meet a specific need. These conversion techniques have revolutionized modern life by streamlining manufacturing processes, increasing product efficiencies, and increasing the quality of life by enhancing many modern conveniences such as computers, and they can help to improve the delivery of reliable power from utilities. This report summarizes the technical challenges associated with utilizing power electronics devices across the entire spectrum from applications to manufacturing and materials development, and it provides recommendations for research and development (R&D) needs for power electronics systems in which the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) could make a substantial impact toward improving the reliability of the bulk power system.
Tolbert, L.M.
A UI-Driven lightweight framework for developing web applications
Due to the increasing complexity of Web applications, systematic processes and supporting tools are required for the development of Web applications. In this paper, we propose a UI-driven lightweight framework for building Web applications. This framework ...
Keeyoull Lee; Sanghyun Park; Chunwoo Lee; Woosung Jung; Wookjin Lee; Byungjeong Lee; Heechern Kim; Chisu Wu
Application of Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing to Power Transmission Cables at BC Hydro
This report describes applications of distributed temperature sensing methods to underground and submarine cables at BC Hydro over a five-year period.
Distribution of Oxygen in mc-Silicon Ingots for Solar Cell Applications
May 1, 2007 ... Distribution of Oxygen in mc-Silicon Ingots for Solar Cell Applications by Marisa Di Sabatino, Eivind J. �vrelid, Espen Olsen, Thorvald A. Engh�...
An autonomic operating environment for large-scale distributed applications
This paper presents the OptimalGrid Operating Environment, and shows how it tackles the difficulty of automatically building, distributing and running connected distributed parallel programs. One of the main goals of OptimalGrid is to hide the complexity ...
Tobin J. Lehman; Robert G. Deen; James H. Kaufman
A platform for developing adaptable multicore applications
Computer systems are resource constrained. Application adaptation is a useful way to optimize system resource usage while satisfying the application performance constraints. Previous application adaptation efforts, however, were ad-hoc, time-consuming, ... Keywords: application adaptation, frequency scaling, multicore, parallelization, run-time systems
Dan Fay; Li Shang; Dirk Grunwald
Developing and evaluating distributions for probabilistic human exposure assessments
Lognormal Distributions for Water Intake by Children". Risk1998). "Lognormal Distributions for Total Water Intake andTap Water Intake by Pregnant and Lactating Women in the
Maddalena, Randy L.; McKone, Thomas E.
A software development tool for improving quality of service in distributed database systems
The Distributed Database Management Systems (DDBMS) are measured by their Quality of Service (QoS) improvements on the real world applications. To analyze the behavior of the distributed database system and to measure its quality of service performance, ...
Ismail Omar Hababeh
Grids and Clouds: Making Workflow Applications Work in Heterogeneous Distributed Environments
Scientific workflows are frequently being used to model complex phenomena, to analyze instrumental data, to tie together information from distributed sources, and to pursue other scientific endeavors. Out of necessity, these complex applications need ... Keywords: applications, cloud computing, grid computing, heterogeneous distributed environments, scientific workflows
Ewa Deelman
Some recent applications of distributed parameter systems theory-A survey
A survey of some recent applications of distributed parameter systems theory is presented. The practical areas discussed range from process control problems in an industrial plant to the identification, monitoring and control of air and water quality ... Keywords: Applications, control, distributed parameter systems, identification, optimal design, state estimation
W. H. Ray
Application of Artificial Intelligence Technique in Distributed Generation System
This paper gives a brief description of current situation of distributed generation system, and points out that microgrid can run in two kinds of operation modes. The key problems which need to be cautiously considered exist in each operation mode are ... Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Artificial neural network, Distributed generation system, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithm, Multi-agent system
Guoqing Weng; Youbing Zhang; Yi Hu
2012 Market Report on U.S. Wind Technologies in Distributed 2012 Market Report on U.S. Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications Webinar 2012 Market Report on U.S. Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications Webinar August 21, 2013 3:00PM EDT Webinar DOE will present a live webcast titled "2012 Market Report on U.S. Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications" on Wednesday, August 21, from 3:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. Alice Orrell, energy analyst at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Heather Rhoads-Weaver, principal consultant at eFormative Options, will provide a detailed overview of the Energy Department's 2012 Market Report on Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications. Jennifer Jenkins of the Distributed Wind Energy Association will provide an industry-focused update, reflecting on
50 kW Power Block for Distributed Energy Applications
Distributed energy (DE) systems have begun to make a significant impact on energy supply and will certainly affect energy needs in the future. These systems include, but are not limited to, photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines, micro-turbines, fuel ...
The Development and Application of CMSX�-10
cost-competitive gas turbine systems for base-load applications employing firing temperatures of 1427�C (2600�F) or greater. Moreover, the alloy system is also�...
2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review | Department
2 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review 2 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review 2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review The Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review included seven sessions over 2 days on June 12 - 13, 2012. Presentations are available through the individual session links. The agenda and participant list are available below. Presentations June 12 - Day 1: Session I, Session II, Session III, Session IV, Session V June 13 - Day 2: Session VI, Session VII 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Agenda 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Participant List More Documents & Publications 2013 Transmission Reliability Program Peer Review 2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review - Day 2
Development of Thin-Film Materials Technology for Energy Applications...
Development of Thin-Film Materials Technology for Energy Applications: High Temperature Superconductors, etc. Speaker(s): Ronald Reade Date: January 15, 2002 - 12:00pm Location:...
Distributed energy resources customer adoption modeling with combined heat and power applications
In this report, an economic model of customer adoption of distributed energy resources (DER) is developed. It covers progress on the DER project for the California Energy Commission (CEC) at Berkeley Lab during the period July 2001 through Dec 2002 in the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) Distributed Energy Resources Integration (DERI) project. CERTS has developed a specific paradigm of distributed energy deployment, the CERTS Microgrid (as described in Lasseter et al. 2002). The primary goal of CERTS distributed generation research is to solve the technical problems required to make the CERTS Microgrid a viable technology, and Berkeley Lab's contribution is to direct the technical research proceeding at CERTS partner sites towards the most productive engineering problems. The work reported herein is somewhat more widely applicable, so it will be described within the context of a generic microgrid (mGrid). Current work focuses on the implementation of combined heat and power (CHP) capability. A mGrid as generically defined for this work is a semiautonomous grouping of generating sources and end-use electrical loads and heat sinks that share heat and power. Equipment is clustered and operated for the benefit of its owners. Although it can function independently of the traditional power system, or macrogrid, the mGrid is usually interconnected and exchanges energy and possibly ancillary services with the macrogrid. In contrast to the traditional centralized paradigm, the design, implementation, operation, and expansion of the mGrid is meant to optimize the overall energy system requirements of participating customers rather than the objectives and requirements of the macrogrid.
Siddiqui, Afzal S.; Firestone, Ryan M.; Ghosh, Srijay; Stadler, Michael; Edwards, Jennifer L.; Marnay, Chris
2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review - Day 1
2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review - Day 2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review - Day 1 Presentations 2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review - Day 1 Presentations The Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review included seven sessions over 2 days on June 12 - 13, 2012. Presentations from Day 1 (Sessions I through V) are available below. Session I: Dan Trudnowski, Ning Zhou, Mani Venkatasubramanian Session II: Brett Amidan, Bharat Bhargava, Ning Zhou Session III: Ken Martin, Mani Venkatasubramanian Session IV: Jeff Dagle, Jim Dyer, Joe Gracia, Joe Eto Session V: Joe Eto 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Measurement-Based Stability Assessment - Dan Trudnowski, U Montana 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Mode Meter Development - Ning
DEISA--Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Applications
The paper presents an overview of the current research and achievements of the DEISA project, with a focus on the general concept of the infrastructure, the operational model, application projects and science communities, the DEISA Extreme Computing ... Keywords: DEISA, Grid computing, High performance computing, Interoperability, Security, Supercomputing, e-Infrastructures, e-Science
Wolfgang Gentzsch; Denis Girou; Alison Kennedy; Hermann Lederer; Johannes Reetz; Morris Riedel; Andreas Schott; Andrea Vanni; Mariano Vazquez; Jules Wolfrat
Practical superconductor development for electrical power applications quarterly report for the period ending December 31, 1997.
This is a multiyear experimental research program focused on improving relevant material properties of high-T{sub c} superconductors and on development of fabrication methods that can be transferred to industry for production of commercial conductors. The development of teaming relationships through agreements with industrial partners is a key element of this program. Recent work on microstructural development and current distribution in Bi-2223 powder-in-tube tapes and a novel application for high-temperature superconductors are discussed.
Developing digital cartography in rural planning applications
The main objective of the present study is to develop an efficient methodology at a reasonable cost, that will allow the use of the latest technological developments in the areas of image analysis and geographical information systems (GIS) for the generation, ... Keywords: Cartography updating, Digital aerial photogrammetry, GIS, High resolution satellite, Rural planning and development
Fernando J. Aguilar; Fernando Carvajal; Manuel A. Aguilar; Francisco Ag�era
Income distribution and the allocation of public agricultural investment in developing countries
Income distribution and the allocation of public agricultural investment in developing countries responsible for the views expressed and for any limitiations #12;1 Introduction We compare the distributional average distribution costs, encouraging the growth of a distributional network. The creation of an export
Kammen, Daniel M.
Comparison of Storage Technologies for Distributed Resource Applications
This report summarizes six electricity storage technologies by describing operating principles, technical characteristics, field experience, and capital and operating costs: o sodium sulfur (NaS) battery o polysulfide-bromine (PSB) battery ("Regensys") o vanadium redox battery (VRB) o compressed air energy storage (CAES) o flywheels electrochemical capacitors In addition, the data is used to compare storage technologies in four applications: (1) peak shaving on the customer side of the meter; (2) peak sh...
Application of an Energy Management System to a Distribution Center
Capital outlays for energy management must be economically attractive to warrant an expenditure. An energy management system has one of the most economic returns for an investment decision, if applied effectively. The Quaker Oats Company installed such a System in its Dallas Distribution Center. In one year the electric bills were reduced by a total of $17,668.91. Electric consumption (KWH) was reduced by thirty-one percent, electrical demand (KW) was reduced by thirty-six percent while plant operations expanded. This paper discusses the control strategies employed by the energy management system and provided the resultant savings that was obtained from the first year of operation.
Warnick, T.
Fair scheduling of bag-of-tasks applications using distributed Lagrangian optimization
Large scale distributed systems typically comprise hundreds to millions of entities (applications, users, companies, universities) that have only a partial view of resources (computers, communication links). How to fairly and efficiently share such resources ... Keywords: Distributed scheduling, Grid computing, Lagrangian optimization, Steady-state scheduling
R�mi Bertin, Sascha Hunold, Arnaud Legrand, Corinne Touati
Towards a distributed architecture for context-aware mobile applications in UbiComp
The applications in Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) environments must be aware of their contexts of interest and adapt to changes in them. Thus, a major research challenge in the area of UbiComp is related to context awareness. Considering the high distribution, ... Keywords: context awareness, distributed architecture, ubiquitous computing
Jo�o Lopes, Marcia Gusmao, Rodrigo Souza, Patricia Davet, Alexandre Souza, Cristiano Costa, Jorge Barbosa, Ana Pernas, Adenauer Yamin, Claudio Geyer
Application of two ant colony optimisation algorithms to water distribution system optimisation
Water distribution systems (WDSs) are costly infrastructure in terms of materials, construction, maintenance, and energy requirements. Much attention has been given to the application of optimisation methods to minimise the costs associated with such ... Keywords: Ant colony optimisation, Heuristics derived from nature, Optimisation, Water distribution systems
Aaron C. Zecchin; Angus R. Simpson; Holger R. Maier; Michael Leonard; Andrew J. Roberts; Matthew J. Berrisford
Distributed Ant: A System to Support Application Deployment in the Grid Wojtek Goscinski and David Abramson
Distributed Ant: A System to Support Application Deployment in the Grid Wojtek Goscinski and David distributed infrastructure, such as the Grid, for daily e-Science. While the computation ran for five days LCFG and SmartFrog; and research specifically directed towards configuration management within a grid
Frameworks for model-driven development of web applications
This paper describes model driven development of dynamic web application using a few different frameworks. Those are the following open source Java frameworks: Modelibra, ModelibraWicket and Wicket. Modelibra is a domain model framework. ModelibraWicket ... Keywords: application development, framework, model, web component
Vensada Okanovi?; Dzenana Donko; Tadej Mateljan
A large distributed control system using Ada in fusion research
Keywords: CORBA, application frameworks, distributed control system, levels of abstraction, object-oriented development
John P. Woodruff; Paul J. Van Arsdall
Case Studies and Methodologies for Using Distributed Energy Resources for Transmission and Distribution Support Applications
Utility transmission and distribution (T&D) systems require extensive investment for infrastructure upkeep. For some utilities, these investments may require a budget of $50 million or more annually. As much of the nation's T&D system was constructed decades ago, extensive maintenance is necessary simply to continue to operate these systems as designed. In addition, load growth over time is causing many parts of these systems to approach overloading conditions, which typically require upgrades to accommo...
DAHM: A green and dynamic web application hosting manager across geographically distributed data centers
Dynamic Application Hosting Management (DAHM) is proposed for geographically distributed data centers, which decides on the number of active servers and on the workload share of each data center. DAHM achieves cost-efficient application hosting by taking ... Keywords: Data center cost efficiency, hosting management, server management, workload management
Zahra Abbasi; Tridib Mukherjee; Georgios Varsamopoulos; Sandeep K. S. Gupta
Heat pipe technology development for high temperature space radiator applications
Technology requirements for heat pipe radiators, potentially among the lightest weight systems for space power applications, include flexible elements, and improved specific radiator performance(kg/kW). For these applications a flexible heat pipe capable of continuous operation through an angle of 180/sup 0/ has been demonstrated. The effect of bend angle on the heat pipe temperature distribution is reviewed. An analysis of lightweight membrane heat pipe radiators that use surface tension forces for fluid containment has been conducted. The design analysis of these lightweight heat pipes is described and a potential application in heat rejection systems for space nuclear power plants outlined.
Merrigan, M.A.; Keddy, E.S.; Sena, J.T.; Elder, M.G.
AAGEN SES Development Program - Application Deadline | Department of
AAGEN SES Development Program - Application Deadline AAGEN SES Development Program - Application Deadline AAGEN SES Development Program - Application Deadline December 31, 2013 8:00AM EST Course Start/End Date: The training sessions will be held each quarter, the next class will commence in April 2014, and the program will continue through March 2015. Course Type: Classroom Course Location: Washington, D.C. metro area Course Description: The Asian American Government Executives Network (AAGEN) is now accepting applications from anyone interested in this SES Development Program through December 31, 2013. This career enhancing opportunity is available to aspiring SES candidates at the GS-15 equivalent level or higher with at least one year of experience as a supervisor. Twenty applicants will be selected from the federal civil service and four
Low-Cost Hydrogen Distributed Production System Development
H{sub 2}Gen, with the support of the Department of Energy, successfully designed, built and field-tested two steam methane reformers with 578 kg/day capacity, which has now become a standard commercial product serving customers in the specialty metals and PV manufacturing businesses. We demonstrated that this reformer/PSA system, when combined with compression, storage and dispensing (CSD) equipment could produce hydrogen that is already cost-competitive with gasoline per mile driven in a conventional (non-hybrid) vehicle. We further showed that mass producing this 578 kg/day system in quantities of just 100 units would reduce hydrogen cost per mile approximately 13% below the cost of untaxed gasoline per mile used in a hybrid electric vehicle. If mass produced in quantities of 500 units, hydrogen cost per mile in a FCEV would be 20% below the cost of untaxed gasoline in an HEV in the 2015-2020 time period using EIA fuel cost projections for natural gas and untaxed gasoline, and 45% below the cost of untaxed gasoline in a conventional car. This 20% to 45% reduction in fuel cost per mile would accrue even though hydrogen from this 578 kg/day system would cost approximately $4.14/kg, well above the DOE hydrogen cost targets of $2.50/kg by 2010 and $2.00/kg by 2015. We also estimated the cost of a larger, 1,500 kg/day SMR/PSA fueling system based on engineering cost scaling factors derived from the two H{sub 2}Gen products, a commercial 115 kg/day system and the 578 kg/day system developed under this DOE contract. This proposed system could support 200 to 250 cars per day, similar to a medium gasoline station. We estimate that the cost per mile from this larger 1,500 kg/day hydrogen fueling system would be 26% to 40% below the cost per mile of untaxed gasoline in an HEV and ICV respectively, even without any mass production cost reductions. In quantities of 500 units, we are projecting per mile cost reductions between 45% (vs. HEVs) and 62% (vs ICVs), with hydrogen costing approximately $2.87/kg, still above the DOE's 2010 $2.50/kg target. We also began laboratory testing of reforming ethanol, which we showed is currently the least expensive approach to making renewable hydrogen. Extended testing of neat ethanol in micro-reactors was successful, and we also were able to reform E-85 acquired from a local fueling station for 2,700 hours, although some modifications were required to handle the 15% gasoline present in E-85. We began initial tests of a catalyst-coated wall reformer tube that showed some promise in reducing the propensity to coke with E-85. These coated-wall tests ran for 350 hours. Additional resources would be required to commercialize an ethanol reformer operating on E-85, but there is no market for such a product at this time, so this ethanol reformer project was moth-balled pending future government or industry support. The two main objectives of this project were: (1) to design, build and test a steam methane reformer and pressure swing adsorption system that, if scaled up and mass produced, could potentially meet the DOE 2015 cost and efficiency targets for on-site distributed hydrogen generation, and (2) to demonstrate the efficacy of a low-cost renewable hydrogen generation system based on reforming ethanol to hydrogen at the fueling station.
C.E. (Sandy) Thomas, Ph.D., President; Principal Investigator, and
2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review - Day 2
2 Presentations 2 Presentations 2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review - Day 2 Presentations The Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review included seven sessions over 2 days on June 12 - 13, 2012. Presentations from Day 2 (Sessions VI and VII) are available below. Session VI: Yuri Makarov, Henry Huang, Jim McCalley Session VII: Carlos Martinez, Pete Sauer, Gil Tam 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Real-Time Wide-Area Montoring Tool Based on CELL Method - Yuri Makarov, PNNL 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Modal Analysis for Grid Operations (MANGO) - Henry Huang, PNNL 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - New Security Tools for Real-Time Operations - Jim McCalley, Iowa State 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Automatic Reliability Reports
Borehole survey instrumentation development for geothermal applications
The creation and subsequent study of hot dry rock geothermal reservoirs requires sophisticated tools and instruments that can function for relatively long periods of time in the hostile downhole environment. Detection of fracture dimensions and orientation of the geothermal reservoir is critical for the successful completion of the hot dry rock energy extraction system. The development of downhole instrumentation capable of characterizing the hydraulic-fracture systems must emphasize reliability of measuring devices and electro-mechanical components to function properly at borehole temperature exceeding 275/sup 0/C and pressures of 69 MPa (10,000 psi).
Dennis, B.R.
1 Presentations 1 Presentations 2012 Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review - Day 1 Presentations The Advanced Applications Research & Development Peer Review included seven sessions over 2 days on June 12 - 13, 2012. Presentations from Day 1 (Sessions I through V) are available below. Session I: Dan Trudnowski, Ning Zhou, Mani Venkatasubramanian Session II: Brett Amidan, Bharat Bhargava, Ning Zhou Session III: Ken Martin, Mani Venkatasubramanian Session IV: Jeff Dagle, Jim Dyer, Joe Gracia, Joe Eto Session V: Joe Eto 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Measurement-Based Stability Assessment - Dan Trudnowski, U Montana 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Mode Meter Development - Ning Zhou, PNNL 2012 Advanced Applications R&D Peer Review - Oscillation Monitoring System
Developing a Strong NABI Application Webinar | Department of Energy
Developing a Strong NABI Application Webinar Developing a Strong NABI Application Webinar Developing a Strong NABI Application Webinar May 30, 2013 2:00PM EDT Webinar The Administration for Children and Families Office of Community Services (OCS) and Administration for Native Americans (ANA) invite you to participate in two pre-application webinars introducing the 2013 Native Asset Building Initiative (NABI) funding opportunity. During these webinars, you will learn: Details of the 2013 NABI funding opportunity, including application requirements and how to leverage additional funding Proven strategies to strengthen financial literacy and wealth creation among low-income Native populations How to design and manage a successful asset building project in a Native community. This webinar is the second of two webinars that offer guidance on how to
23. Gold, Raymong L. , Social Impacts of Strip Mining andPlan for Performing Social Impact Assessment: A Case Studythe Environmental and Social Impacts of Coal Development in
Churchman, C.W.
Eleven: Lake County Geothermal Energy Resource. . . .by t h e Report of t h e State Geothermal Task Force WDISTRIBUTION ASSESSMENT OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOP~NTIN LAKE
Global software development: Exploring socialization and face-to-face meetings in distributed strategic projects
Socialization is one means through which globally distributed teams (GDTs) can improve collaboration. However, harnessing socializing processes to support globally distributed collaboration is not easy. In particular, infrequent and limited face-to-face ... Keywords: Face-to-face meetings, Globally distributed teams, Socialization, Strategic software development projects
Ilan Oshri; Julia Kotlarsky; Leslie P. Willcocks
A framework for rapid development of RFID applications
Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology is considered to be the next step in the revolution in supply-chain management, retail, and beyond. To derive real benefit from RFID, a RFID application must implement functions to process the enormous ... Keywords: RFID, RFID application development framework, RFID event, contextual event
Youngbong Kim; Mikyeong Moon; Keunhyuk Yeom
Compiled MPI: Cost-Effective Exascale Applications Development
The complexity of petascale and exascale machines makes it increasingly difficult to develop applications that can take advantage of them. Future systems are expected to feature billion-way parallelism, complex heterogeneous compute nodes and poor availability of memory (Peter Kogge, 2008). This new challenge for application development is motivating a significant amount of research and development on new programming models and runtime systems designed to simplify large-scale application development. Unfortunately, DoE has significant multi-decadal investment in a large family of mission-critical scientific applications. Scaling these applications to exascale machines will require a significant investment that will dwarf the costs of hardware procurement. A key reason for the difficulty in transitioning today's applications to exascale hardware is their reliance on explicit programming techniques, such as the Message Passing Interface (MPI) programming model to enable parallelism. MPI provides a portable and high performance message-passing system that enables scalable performance on a wide variety of platforms. However, it also forces developers to lock the details of parallelization together with application logic, making it very difficult to adapt the application to significant changes in the underlying system. Further, MPI's explicit interface makes it difficult to separate the application's synchronization and communication structure, reducing the amount of support that can be provided by compiler and run-time tools. This is in contrast to the recent research on more implicit parallel programming models such as Chapel, OpenMP and OpenCL, which promise to provide significantly more flexibility at the cost of reimplementing significant portions of the application. We are developing CoMPI, a novel compiler-driven approach to enable existing MPI applications to scale to exascale systems with minimal modifications that can be made incrementally over the application's lifetime. It includes: (1) New set of source code annotations, inserted either manually or automatically, that will clarify the application's use of MPI to the compiler infrastructure, enabling greater accuracy where needed; (2) A compiler transformation framework that leverages these annotations to transform the original MPI source code to improve its performance and scalability; (3) Novel MPI runtime implementation techniques that will provide a rich set of functionality extensions to be used by applications that have been transformed by our compiler; and (4) A novel compiler analysis that leverages simple user annotations to automatically extract the application's communication structure and synthesize most complex code annotations.
Bronevetsky, G; Quinlan, D; Lumsdaine, A; Hoefler, T
Development of manufacturing technique for composite structures for robotic applications
An experimental study was performed with the aim of developing a technique for manufacturing composite parts for use in dynamic robotic applications in lieu of heavy and expensive metal parts used in conventional robotic ...
Dixon, Theresa, S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Geographic Information Systems Applications on an ATM-Based Distributed High Performance Computing System
. We present a distributed geographic information system (DGIS) built on a distributed high performance computing environment using a number of software infrastructural building blocks and computational resources interconnected by an ATM-based broadband network. Archiving, access and processing of scientific data are discussed in the context of geographic and environmental applications with special emphasis on the potential for local-area weather, agriculture, soil and land management products. Software technologies such as tiling and caching techniques can be used to optimise storage requirements and response time for applications requiring very large data sets such as multi-channel satellite data. Distributed High Performance Computing hardware technology underpins our proposed system. In particular, we discuss the capabilities of a distributed hardware environment incorporating: high bandwidth communications networks such as Telstra's Experimental Broadband Network (EBN); large capa...
November Hawick
Commercial/industrial applications spur solar development
Several large commercial buildings with solar systems are examined. The first building mentioned is the La Quinta Motor Inn located in Dallas, Texas. The system supplies approximately 90% of the hot water for the rooms and laundry. The largest solar cooling system is located in Frenchman's Reef, the Holiday Inn, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. The system was funded by a 75% grant from the Energy Research and Development Administration. In Decatur, Alabama, construction has begun on a solar heating system that will be used at a large soybean oil extraction facility. The project is also sponsored in part by ERDA. The solar panels will be used to air dry the soy beans. The largest solar-powered irrigation system is located in Gila River Ranch southwest of Phoenix, Arizona. The system includes a 50-hp pump capable of delivering up to 10,000 gallons of irrigation water per minute. It operates with 5,500 ft/sup 2/ of parabolic tracking collectors.
Comstock, W.S.
Extensible message passing application development and debugging with Python
The authors describe how they have parallelized Python, an interpreted object oriented scripting language, and used it to build an extensible message-passing C/C++ applications for the CM-5, Cray T3D, and Sun multiprocessor servers running MPI. Using a parallelized Python interpreter, it is possible to interact with large-scale parallel applications, rapidly prototype new features, and perform application specific debugging. It is even possible to write message passing programs in Python itself. The authors describe some of the tools they have developed to extend Python and applications of this approach.
Beazley, D.M. [Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Computer Science; Lomdahl, P.S. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Theoretical Div.
Development of Low Cost Sensors for Hydrogen Safety Applications
We are developing rugged and reliable hydrogen safety sensors that can be easily manufactured. Potential applications also require an inexpensive sensor that can be easily deployed. Automotive applications demand low cost, while personnel safety applications emphasize light-weight, battery-operated, and wearable sensors. Our current efforts involve developing and optimizing sensor materials for stability and compatibility with typical thick-film manufacturing processes. We are also tailoring the sensor design and size along with various packaging and communication schemes for optimal acceptance by end users.
Hoffheins, B.S.; Holmes, W., Jr.; Lauf, R.J.; Maxey, L.C.; Salter, C.; Walker, D.
Rapid development of composite applications using annotated web services
Developing service-based interactive applications is time consuming and nontrivial. Annotating web services with additional information about the user interface and behavior of the service promises to ease and accelerate the development process. In this ... Keywords: model creation, service composition, service frontends
Lars Dannecker; Marius Feldmann; Tobias Nestler; Gerald H�bsch; Uwe Jugel; Klemens Muthmann
A CACHE-BASED DATA INTENSIVE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE FOR "GRID" APPLICATIONS Brian, and are sometimes referred to as the "Data Grid". This paper explores the use of a network data cache in a Data Grid environment. 1. INTRODUCTION High-speed data streams resulting from the operation of on-line instruments
MORENA: a middleware for programming NFC-enabled Android applications as distributed object-oriented programs
NFC is a wireless technology that allows software to interact with RFID tags and that is increasingly integrated into smartphones and other mobile devices. In this paper, we present MORENA: a middleware that treats NFC-enabled programs as distributed ... Keywords: Android, RFID, mobile applications, pervasive computing
Andoni Lombide Carreton; Kevin Pinte; Wolfgang De Meuter
State-of-the-Art Assessment of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells for Distributed Power Applications
Low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell technology targeted for transportation markets has been rapidly advancing the past few years. This technology represents a potentially strategic retail access technology that could be useful in a variety of utility, commercial, and residential distributed power and retail energy service applications.
Wireless Communication for Smart Grid Applications at Distribution Level Feasibility and Requirements
Wireless Communication for Smart Grid Applications at Distribution Level Feasibility Member IEEE, and Ward Jewell, Fellow IEEE Abstract-- Smart grid technology places greater demands high importance for the smart grid. There has already been significant work done on power system
Namboodiri, Vinod
Advanced Boost System Developing for High EGR Applications
To support industry efforts of clean and efficient internal combustion engine development for passenger and commercial applications � This program focuses on turbocharger improvement for medium and light duty diesel applications, from complete system optimization percepective to enable commercialization of advanced diesel combustion technologies, such as HCCI/LTC. � Improve combined turbocharger efficiency up to 10% or fuel economy by 3% on FTP cycle at Tier II Bin 5 emission level.
Sun, Harold
Isotope Development & Production for Research and Applications (IDPRA) |
Research » Isotope Research » Isotope Development & Production for Research and Applications (IDPRA) Nuclear Physics (NP) NP Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of NP Funding Opportunities Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) News & Resources Contact Information Nuclear Physics U.S. Department of Energy SC-26/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3613 F: (301) 903-3833 E: firstname.lastname@example.com More Information » Research Isotope Development & Production for Research and Applications (IDPRA) Print Text Size: A A A RSS Feeds FeedbackShare Page The Isotope subprogram supports the production, and the development of production techniques of radioactive and stable isotopes that are in short supply for research and applications. Isotopes are high-priority
A Bivariate Mixed Distribution with a Heavy-tailed Component and its Application to Single-site Daily Rainfall Simulation
This paper presents an improved brivariate mixed distribution, which is capable of modeling the dependence of daily rainfall from two distinct sources (e.g., rainfall from two stations, two consecutive days, or two instruments such as satellite and rain gauge). The distribution couples an existing framework for building a bivariate mixed distribution, the theory of copulae and a hybrid marginal distribution. Contributions of the improved distribution are twofold. One is the appropriate selection of the bivariate dependence structure from a wider admissible choice (10 candidate copula families). The other is the introduction of a marginal distribution capable of better representing low to moderate values as well as extremes of daily rainfall. Among several applications of the improved distribution, particularly presented here is its utility for single-site daily rainfall simulation. Rather than simulating rainfall occurrences and amounts separately, the developed generator unifies the two processes by generalizing daily rainfall as a Markov process with autocorrelation described by the improved bivariate mixed distribution. The generator is first tested on a sample station in Texas. Results reveal that the simulated and observed sequences are in good agreement with respect to essential characteristics. Then, extensive simulation experiments are carried out to compare the developed generator with three other alternative models: the conventional two-state Markov chain generator, the transition probability matrix model and the semi-parametric Markov chain model with kernel density estimation for rainfall amounts. Analyses establish that overall the developed generator is capable of reproducing characteristics of historical extreme rainfall events and is apt at extrapolating rare values beyond the upper range of available observed data. Moreover, it automatically captures the persistence of rainfall amounts on consecutive wet days in a relatively natural and easy way. Another interesting observation is that the recognized �overdispersion� problem in daily rainfall simulation ascribes more to the loss of rainfall extremes than the under-representation of first-order persistence. The developed generator appears to be a sound option for daily rainfall simulation, especially in particular hydrologic planning situations when rare rainfall events are of great importance.
Li, Chao .; Singh, Vijay P.; Mishra, Ashok K.
Development of Micromachined Probes for Bio-Nano Applications
The most commonly known macro scale probing devices are simply comprised of metallic leads used for measuring electrical signals. On the other hand, micromachined probing devices are realized using microfabrication techniques and are capable of providing very fine, micro/nano scale interaction with matter; along with a broad range of applications made possible by incorporating MEMS sensing and actuation techniques. Micromachined probes consist of a well-defined tip structure that determines the interaction space, and a transduction mechanism that could be used for sensing a change, imparting external stimuli or manipulating matter. Several micromachined probes intended for biological and nanotechnology applications were fabricated, characterized and tested. Probes were developed under two major categories. The first category consists of Micro Electromagnetic Probes for biological applications such as single cell, particle, droplet manipulation and neuron stimulation applications; whereas the second category targets novel Scanning Probe topologies suitable for direct nanopatterning, variable resolution scanning probe/dip-pen nanolithography, and biomechanics applications. The functionality and versatility of micromachined probes for a broad range of micro and nanotechnology applications is successfully demonstrated throughout the five different probes/applications that were studied. It is believed that, the unique advantages of precise positioning capability, confinement of interaction as determined by the probe tip geometry, and special sensor/actuator mechanisms incorporated through MEMS technologies will render micromachined probes as indispensable tools for microsystems and nanotechnology studies.
Yapici, Murat K.
Development of the Zinc-Chloride Battery for Utility Applications
This report reviews progress in Phase 2 (April 1978-March 1980) of a program to develop the zinc-chloride battery for utility load-leveling applications. Tasks in this phase included refurbishment of a 45-kWh module to increase capacity and efficiency, cycle testing of a 1.7-kWh battery, and development of a 50-kWh module to serve as the building block for the 4-MWh battery for the Battery Energy Test Facility.
Development of a Computer Heating Monitoring System and Its Applications
This paper develops a computer heating monitoring system, introduces the components and principles of the monitoring system, and provides a study on its application to residential building heating including analysis of indoor and outdoor air temperature, heating index and energy savings. The results show that the current heating system has a great potential for energy conservation.
Chen, H.; Li, D.; Shen, L.
Development and application of centrifugal contactors in China
Compared with mixer-settlers and extraction columns, centrifugal contactors have some advantages. Since the late 1970's, a series of centrifugal contactors with rotor diameters of 10 to 550 mm have been developed and applied in some industrial fields in China. In this paper, both new improvements and applications of centrifugal contactors in China are reviewed. (authors)
Cao, Pijia; Duan, Wuhua [Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102201 (China)
Model driven middleware: A new paradigm for developing distributed real-time and embedded systems
Distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems have become critical in domains such as avionics (e.g., flight mission computers), telecommunications (e.g., wireless phone services), tele-medicine (e.g., robotic surgery), and defense applications (e.g., ... Keywords: CCM: CORBA component model, D&C: Deployment and configuration, MDM: Model driven middleware
Aniruddha Gokhale; Krishnakumar Balasubramanian; Arvind S. Krishna; Jaiganesh Balasubramanian; George Edwards; Gan Deng; Emre Turkay; Jeffrey Parsons; Douglas C. Schmidt
Development and application of NDE methods for monolithic and continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites.
Monolithic structural ceramics and continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for application in many thermally and chemically aggressive environments where structural reliability is paramount. We have recently developed advanced nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods that can detect distributed ''defects'' such as density gradients and machining-induced damage in monolithic materials, as well as delamination, porosity, and throughwall cracks, in CMC materials. These advanced NDE methods utilize (a) high-resolution, high-sensitivity thermal imaging; (b) high-resolution X-ray imaging; (c) laser-based elastic optical scattering; (d) acoustic resonance; (e) air-coupled ultrasonic methods; and (f) high-sensitivity fluorescent penetrant technology. This paper discusses the development and application of these NDE methods relative to ceramic processing and ceramic components used in large-scale industrial gas turbines and hot gas filters for gas stream particulate cleanup.
Ellingson, W. A.
Small turbines in distributed utility application: Natural gas pressure supply requirements
Implementing distributed utility can strengthen the local distribution system and help avoid or delay the expense of upgrading transformers and feeders. The gas turbine-generator set is an attractive option based on its low front-end capital cost, reliable performance at unmanned stations, and environmental performance characteristics. This report assesses gas turbine utilization issues from a perspective of fuel supply pressure requirements and discusses both cost and operational factors. A primary operational consideration for siting gas turbines on the electric distribution system is whether the local gas distribution company can supply gas at the required pressure. Currently available gas turbine engines require gas supply pressures of at least 150 pounds per square inch gauge, more typically, 250 to 350 psig. Few LDCs maintain line pressure in excess of 125 psig. One option for meeting the gas pressure requirements is to upgrade or extend an existing pipeline and connect that pipeline to a high-pressure supply source, such as an interstate transmission line. However, constructing new pipeline is expensive, and the small volume of gas required by the turbine for the application offers little incentive for the LDC to provide this service. Another way to meet gas pressure requirements is to boost the compression of the fuel gas at the gas turbine site. Fuel gas booster compressors are readily available as stand-alone units and can satisfactorily increase the supply pressure to meet the turbine engine requirement. However, the life-cycle costs of this equipment are not inconsequential, and maintenance and reliability issues for boosters in this application are questionable and require further study. These factors may make the gas turbine option a less attractive solution in DU applications than first indicated by just the $/kW capital cost. On the other hand, for some applications other DU technologies, such as photovoltaics, may be the more attractive option.
Goldstein, H.L.
Distributed processor allocation for launching applications in a massively connected processors complex
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A compute processor allocator architecture for allocating compute processors to run applications in a multiple processor computing apparatus is distributed among a subset of processors within the computing apparatus. Each processor of the subset includes a compute processor allocator. The compute processor allocators can share a common database of information pertinent to compute processor allocation. A communication path permits retrieval of information from the database independently of the compute processor allocators.
Pedretti, Kevin (Goleta, CA)
Benefits of Utilizing Advanced Metering Provided Information Support and Control Capabilities in Distribution Automation Application s
Advanced Metering systems can serve a variety of applications beyond revenue cycle services. This paper describes several distribution automation functions that can significantly benefit from integration with the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Installation of Smart Meters with two-way communications is under way at several service territories of electric utilities throughout North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. These meters could be capable of providing a variety of data representing the p...
Integrating GIS with Distributed Applications Using Dynamic Data-Sharing Mechanisms
Effective integration of a stand-alone GIS (e.g., ArcView 3.x) into a complex distributed software application requires an efficient, reliable mechanism for passing data and function requests to and from the GIS component. This paper describes the use of dynamic data-sharing and inter-process communication mechanisms to integrate GIS capability into a multi-jurisdictional distributed emergency management information system. These mechanisms include dynamic layer updates from spatial and attribute information shared via a distributed relational database across multiple sites; storage of private and shared ViewMarks to facilitate consistent GIS views; and asynchronous inter-process communication using function queuing and a data sharing library.
Burnett, Robert A. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Tzemos, Spyridon (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Stoops, LaMar R. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
Hardware support in a middleware for distributed and real-time embedded applications
One of the main challenges in the development of tools and methodologies for a multiprocessor real-time embedded system is to reuse already developed software, but at the same time obtaining low memory footprint, low energy consumption, and minimal area, ... Keywords: MPSoCs, embedded applications, energy efficiency, middleware, real-time systems
Elias T. Silva, Jr; Fl�vio R. Wagner; Edison P. Freitas; Carlos E. Pereira
Rapid application development using the Tcl/Tk language
During the last year, high level applications at CEBAF were written using the Tcl/Tk scripting language. This language is rapidly gaining in popularity, in part due to ease of constructing programs with X11 graphical user interfaces, and in part to ease of adding compiled user code for specialized purposes. Extensions to the language provide object oriented programming, which was used to develop a hierarchy of classes relevant for high level accelerator control. We describe basic language features, some 3rd party add-on packages, and local additions to the toolbox. Next we describe features of the accelerator object hierarchy, and finally describe applications written using this toolbox such as the ModelServer prototype, Slow Orbit and Energy Lock, the Linac Energy Management System, and other applications.
van Zeijts, J.
The application of AM/FM system to distribution contingency load transfer
In this paper, one of the geographic information management system (GIS) is applied to perform the automated mapping and facility management (AM/FM) of power distribution systems for contingency load transfer. Three phase load flow analysis is used to calculate the current flows of line switches by retrieving the network topology and facility attributes which have been stored in the AM/FM database. The current flows solved are then stored in the database as the attributes of line switches for load transfer analysis. When a system contingency such as fault or overload occurs, the load transfer is then executed to find the switches to be operated by the heuristic search method while subjected to the system operation rules. By the proposed method, the network topology can be easily updated and displayed in the computers by connectivity trace routine according to the switching operations. Since all the system facilities are stored in the AM/FM database according to the actual spatial coordinates, it provides practical information for the system operators and crews to allocate and operate the switches easily. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the integrated AM/FM system with application programs for distribution operation, a distribution system of Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) in Kaohsiung downtown area is selected for case study. It is found that contingency load transfer for distribution system operation can be enhanced significantly with the application of AM/FM systems significantly with the application of AM/FM systems to determine the switches to be operated and the corresponding spatial locations of the switches. The impact of load transfer to the system voltage profile and the feeder loading can also be analyzed to provide valuable information for the system operators.
Lee, T.E.; Chen, C.S.; Tzeng, Y.M.; Kang, M.S.; Lee, C.C. [National Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Kaohsiung (Taiwan, Province of China). Dept. of Electrical Engineering; Wu, J.S. [National Kaohsiung Institute of Technology (Taiwan, Province of China); Liu, T.S.S.; Chen, Y.M. [Taiwan Power Co., Taipei (Taiwan, Province of China)
Special Applications RTG Technology Program: Thermoelectric module development summary report
The primary objective of the Special Applications thermoelectric module development program is to design, develop and demonstrate the performance of a module which provides a significant thermoelectric conversion efficiency improvement over available technology for low power, relatively high voltage RTGS intended for terrestrial applications. ``Low power`` can be construed as an RTG power output of 10 watts or less, and ``high voltage`` can be considered as a load voltage of 5 volts or greater. In particular, the effort is to improve the system efficiency characteristic of the state-of-the-art bismuth telluride-based RTG system (e.g., Five-Watt RTG and Half-Watt RTG), typically 3 to 4%, to the range of 6% or better. This increase in efficiency will also permit reductions in the weight and size of RTGs in the low power range.
Brittain, W.M.
of Microgrid Distributed Energy Resource Potential Usingon Integration of Distributed Energy Resources: The CERTSof Customer Adoption of Distributed Energy Resources. �
Status Update on the Development of EPRI's Underground Distribution Systems Reference Book
EPRI is sponsoring the development of a first edition of the Underground Distribution Systems Reference Book . The book is scheduled to be published in 2009 and will join the widely used EPRI series of transmission and distribution reference books commonly known by the colors of their covers ("the red book," "the yellow book," and so on). The new reference book will provide a desk and field compendium on the general principles involved in the planning, design, manufacture, installation design, installati...
Status Update on the Development of EPRI's Underground Distribution Systems Reference Book (Bronze Book)
EPRI is developing a first edition of the Underground Distribution Systems Reference Book (Bronze Book), which is scheduled to be published in 2010. This book will join the EPRI series of Transmission and Distribution technical reference books, commonly known by the color of their covers. The book will provide a desk and field compendium on the general principles involved in the planning, design, manufacture, installation design, installation, testing, operation, and maintenance of underground distributi...
Technology Assessment of Interconnection Products for Distributed Resources: Research and Development Recommendations
A compatible and economical connection with the resident electrical power system is a key to realizing the full value of distributed generation and storage. This technology assessment looks at the status of interconnection equipment used for interconnecting distributed generation and storage with electric power systems. The assessment is intended to identify business opportunities and to provide specific research and development recommendations based on a manufacturer survey and technical assessment desc...
Development of a solar thermal receiver for high temperature applications
A thermal receiver for point focus collectors is being constructed. Its design, which is based upon experience with a commercial receiver, employs the advantages of that receiver and improves some of its features. The new receiver uses as a buffer between the cavity surface and the heat transfer fluid a thermal mass, which with a very small temperature drop penalty smooths the flux distribution to eliminate hot spots. Maximum operating temperature range was extended from 620/sup 0/C to 870/sup 0/C and receiver efficiency was improved. The design of the receiver enables significant spillage flux at the receiver to be used. Thus, lower quality optics can be employed in applications not requiring very high temperatures. Design and construction features of the receiver are presented and the testing program is described.
Bohn, M.; Bessler, G.
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
JAN26 19% JAN26 19% Distribution: OR00 Attn: h.H.M.Roth DFMusser ITMM MMMann INS JCRyan FIw(2) Hsixele SRGustavson, Document rocm Formal file i+a@mmm bav@ ~@esiaw*cp Suppl. file 'Br & Div rf's s/health (lic.only) UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION SPECIAL NUCLEAB MATERIAL LICENSE pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 1, P&t 70, "Special Nuclear Material Reg)llatiqm," a license is hereby issued a$hortztng the licensee to rekeive and possess the special nuclear material designated below; to use such special nuclear mat&ial for the purpose(s) and at the place(s) designated below; and to transfer such material to per&s authorized to receive it in accordance with the regula,tions in said Part.
Development of advanced battery systems for vehicle applications
The Advanced Battery Business Unit (ABBU) of Johnson Controls, Inc. is developing several promising advanced battery technologies including flow-through lead-acid, zinc/bromine, and nickel hydrogen. The flow-through lead-acid technology, which is being developed under Department of Energy (DOE) sponsorship, is progressing towards the fabrication of a 39 kWh battery system. Recent efforts have focused on achieving the aggressive specific energy goal of 56 Wh/kg in 12 volt module form. Recent DOE sponsored work in the zinc/bromine program has focused on the development of a proof-of concept 50 kWh electric vehicle system for a light van application. Efforts in the nickel hydrogen program have focused on reducing system cost in order to make the life-time premium market and EV market possible targets. The status and future direction of each of these programs are summarized.
Zagrodnik, J.P.; Eskra, M.D.; Andrew, M.G.; Gentry, W.O.
Diagnostics systems developments and applications for laser fusion experiments
A variety of systems are required for adequate diagnostics of laser fusion experiments. Picosecond scale temporal measurements are typically made with ultrafast streak cameras. Visible and x-ray sensitive streak cameras with resolutions of 6 psec and 15 psec, respectively, and dynamic recording range in excess of 10/sup 3/ are in regular use on experiments at Livermore. The characteristics of these cameras and their applications to target experiment diagnostics are described. The development and testing of a prototype ultrafast framing system is discussed. Because of the need for ''real time'' data acquisition, analysis, and control systems, techniques for providing directly computer interfaced image data from streak and framing cameras and optical imaging systems are being developed. The status of these developments and the characteristics of the computer interfaced data and control systems on Argus and Shiva are summarized.
Coleman, L.W.
Rapid Application Development with OpenStudio: Preprint
This paper presents several case studies of rapidly implemented, audience-specific applications for whole building energy modeling and standards analysis. By tailoring each application to the audience and the task at hand, the required learning curve for new users was greatly reduced. Each case study used OpenStudio, the U.S. Department of Energy's middleware software development kit (SDK). OpenStudio provides an easy interface to the EnergyPlus whole building simulation engine, while extending its capability and providing higher-level functionality such as software interoperability, standards, analysis, and optimization. Each case study is unique in the technology employed to interface with OpenStudio as well as the methods used for user interaction and data presentation. Four case studies are presented.
Weaver, E.; Long, N.; Fleming, K.; Schott, M.; Benne, K.; Hale, E.
Agents of responsibility--freelance web developers in web applications development
Much of the literature on responsibility in the IT field addresses the responsibilities of members of the IT profession. In this paper, we investigate to what extent the responsibilities associated with computing practitioners apply to freelance web ... Keywords: Agents of responsibility, Freelance web developers, Hacking, Responsibility, Systems, Web applications
Malik Aleem Ahmed; Jeroen Hoven
Lessons Learned from the U.S. Photovoltaic Industry and Implications for Development of Distributed Small Wind: Preprint
In recent years, advocates for the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry have developed successful strategies for marketing PV as a customer-sited energy resource. Their efforts have ranged from supporting effective Federal programs and incentives to initiating state and local efforts to remove siting barriers and industry efforts that build consumer confidence. More important, PV advocates have established relationships that define customer-sited PV as a viable and important technology. The PV industry's record of success and its persistent challenges can be instructive to the small wind industry. These industries share many characteristics in terms of system outputs, applications, economics, and industry goals. In some ways, small wind is staged for growth just as PV was a decade ago. The authors provide an examination of market development issues in these industries, including Federal policy infrastructure and incentives, state and local policy infrastructure, and business support. Subsequently, the authors provide recommendations for distributed wind development that include collaborations with the PV industry and as stand-alone small wind initiatives. In particular, the authors suggest aligning customer-sited small wind (and PV) with demand-side energy strategies and emphasizing the need to address all customer-sited renewables under a cohesive distributed generation development strategy.
Forsyth, T.; Tombari, C.; Nelson, M.
Lessons Learned from the U.S. Photovoltaic Industry and Implications for Development of Distributed Small Wind
Development of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy instrumentatin for safeguards applications
In September 2006, a Technical Meeting on Application of Laser Spectrometry Techniques in IAEA Safeguards was held at IAEA headquarters (HQ). One of the principal recommendations from this meeting was the need to 'pursue the development of novel complementary access instrumentation based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the detection of gaseous and solid signatures and indicators of nuclear fuel cycle processes and associated materials.' Pursuant to this recommendation the Department of Safeguards (SG) under the Division of Technical Support (SGTS) convened the Experts and Users Advisory Meeting on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Safeguards Applications. This meeting was held at IAEA HQ from July 7-11,2008 and hosted by the Novel Technologies Unit (NTU). The meeting was attended by 12 LIBS experts from the Czech Republic, the European Commission, France, the Republic of Korea, the United States of America, Germany, the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Canada, and Northern Ireland. After a presentation of the needs of the IAEA inspectors, the LIBS experts were in agreement that needs as presented could be partially or fully fulfilled using LIBS instrumentation. The needs of the IAEA inspectors were grouped in the following broad categories: (1) Improvements to in-field measurements/environmental sampling; (2) Monitoring status of activity in a Hot Cell; (3) Verifying status of activity at a declared facility via process monitoring; and (4) Need for pre-screening of environmental samples before analysis. Under the Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) Los Alamos National Laboratory is exploring three potential applications of LIBS for international safeguards. As part of this work, we are developing: (1) a user-friendly man-portable LIBS system to characterize samples across a wide range of elements in the periodic table from hydrogen up to heavy elements like plutonium and uranium; (2) a LIBS system that can be deployed in harsh environments such as gloveboxes and hot cells providing relative compositional analysis of process streams for example ratios like Cm/Pu and Cm/U; and (3) an inspector field deployable system that can be used to analyze the elemental composition of microscopic quantities of samples containing plutonium and uranium. In this paper we will describe our current development and performance testing results both in a fixed lab and measurements in field deployable configurations using LIBS instrumentation developed for applications to international safeguards.
Barefield Il, James E [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Clegg, Samuel M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Le, Loan A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lopez, Leon N [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Development of a Distributed Control System (DCS) for Geothermal Steamfield Operations at Kawerau, NZ
A distributed control system (DCS) has been developed for operation of the Kawerau geothermal field. The DCS functions include steam pressure control, steam flow billing, flow and pressure monitoring, remote well flow control and auto paging field operators. The system has evolved over a number of years from paper chart recorders to dataloggers to a desktop PC system to an industrial DCS.
Koorey, K.J.
Assessment of a Transportable 200-kW Fuel Cell in Rural Distributed Generation Applications: Final Report: Georgia, Colorado, Alaska
Distributed generation is particularly attractive to electric cooperatives in rural areas because of their low customer densities and the rapid load growth that often occurs at the end of long radial distribution lines. EPRI and the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) Cooperative Research Network cosponsored this project to demonstrate the use of transportable 200-kW phosphoric acid fuel cell power plants in rural distributed generation applications. This final report details the proj...
Development of Commodity Grade, Lower Cost Carbon Fiber - Commercial Applications
In pursuit of the goal to produce ultra-lightweight fuel efficient vehicles, there has been great excitement during the last few years about the potential for using carbon fiber reinforced composites in high volume applications. Currently, the greatest hurdle that inhibits wider implementation of carbon fiber composites in transportation is the high cost of the fiber when compared to other candidate materials. As part of the United States Department of Energy s FreedomCAR initiative, significant research is being conducted to develop lower cost, high volume technologies for producing carbon fiber. This paper will highlight the on-going research in this area. Through Department of Energy (DOE) sponsorship, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and its partners have been working with the US Automotive Composites Consortium (ACC) to develop technologies that would enable the production of carbon fiber at 5-7 dollars per pound. Achievement of this cost goal would allow the introduction of carbon fiber based composites into a greater number of applications for future vehicles. The approach has necessitated the development of both alternative precursors and more efficient production methods. Alternative precursors under investigation include textile grade polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and fibers from lignin-based feedstocks. Previously, as part of the research program, Hexcel Corporation developed the science necessary to allow textile grade PAN to be used as a precursor rather than typical carbon fiber grade precursors. Efforts are also underway to develop carbon fiber precursors from lignin-based feedstocks. ORNL and its partners are working on this effort with domestic pulp and paper producers. In terms of alternative production methods, ORNL has developed a microwave-based carbonization unit that can process pre-oxidized fiber at over 200 inches per minute. ORNL has also developed a new method of high speed oxidation and a new method for precursor stabilization. Additionally, novel methods of activating carbon fiber surfaces have been developed which allow atomic oxygen concentrations as high as 25-30% to be achieved rather than the more typical 4-8% achieved by the standard industrial ozone treatment.
Warren, Charles David [ORNL; Paulauskas, Felix L [ORNL; Baker, Frederick S [ORNL; Eberle, Cliff [ORNL; Naskar, Amit K [ORNL
Reference wind speed distributions and height profiles for wind turbine design and performance evaluation applications. [USA
The purpose of this report is to provide a set of reference or standard values of wind profiles, wind speed distributions and their effects on wind turbine performance for engineering design applications. Based on measured Weibull distribution parameters, representative average, low, and high variance data are given for height profiles of mean, 25 percentile, and 75 percentile wind speeds; and for wind speed probability density (velocity frequency) functions and cumulative probability (velocity duration) functions at selected heights. Results of a sensitivity analysis of the dependence of wind turbine performance parameters on cut-in speed, and rated speed for various mean wind and wind variance regimes are also presented. Wind turbine performance is expressed in terms of capacity factor (ratio of mean power output to rated power) and recovery factor (ratio of mean energy output to energy theoretically available in the wind). The representative high, mean, and low variance cases were determined from calculated Weibull distributions at 140 sites across the Continental U.S., and all of the representative functions are evaluated at mean wind speeds of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 m/s at standard 10 m level.
Justus, C.G.; Hargraves, W.R.; Mikhail, A.
Development and Evaluation of RRTMG_SW, a Shortwave Radiative Transfer Model for GCM Applications
Development and Evaluation of RRTMG_SW, Development and Evaluation of RRTMG_SW, a Shortwave Radiative Transfer Model for General Circulation Model Applications M. J. Iacono, J. S. Delamere, E. J. Mlawer, and S. A. Clough Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. Lexington, Massachusetts J.-J. Morcrette European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading, United Kingdom Y.-T. Hou National Centers for Environmental Prediction Camp Springs, Maryland Introduction The k-distribution shortwave radiation model developed for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, RRTM_SW_V2.4 (Clough et al. 2004), utilizes the discrete ordinates radiative transfer model, DISORT, for scattering calculations and 16 g-points in each of its 16 spectral bands. DISORT provides agreement with line-by-line flux calculations to within 1 Wm
PDPTA'99, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. June 28 -July 1, 1999. An Application-Centric Characterization of Distribution Techniques for
of an ongoing project for developing policy driven "smart" tools for automated distribution/load balancing of Distribution Techniques for Dynamic Adaptive Grid Hierarchies Samip Bhavsar, Mausumi Shee, and Manish Parashar partitioning and load- balancing techniques for distributed adaptive grid hierarchies that underlie adaptive
Parashar, Manish
Economic incentive of geothermal resource development for direct applications
As part of a mission-oriented program for accelerating the commercialization of geothermal energy, research is sponsored which concerns the quantitative analysis of investment decisions by industries involved in the development of geothermal resources. The results of a quick-response study conducted during the course of this research are discussed. The report specifically compares the relative investment incentive offered by two categories of geothermal ventures: (a) geothermal electric power projects; and (b) geothermal direct application projects. The attributes of discounted cash flows for several typical projects within each of the two categories are compared and, by using statistically-strong industry decision models previously developed, the likelihood of a favorable investment decision is estimated for each project.
Cassel, T.A.V.; Amundsen, C.B.
SiPM Development for Astroparticle Physics Applications
The SiPM is a novel solid state photodetector which can be operated in the single photon counting mode. It has excellent features, such as high quantum efficiency, good charge resolution, fast response, very compact size, high gain of 106, very low power consumption, immunity to the magnetic field and low bias voltage (30-70V). Drawbacks of this device currently are a large dark current, crosstalk between micropixels and relatively low sensitivity to UV and blue light. In the last few years, we have developed large size SiPMs (9 mm^2 and 25 mm^2) for applications in the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, MAGIC and CTA, and in the space-borne fluorescence telescope EUSO. The current status of the SiPM development by MPI and MEPhI will be presented.
M. Teshima; B. Dolgoshein; R. Mirzoyan; J. Nincovic; E. Popova
A model for the directional distribution of the diffuse sky radiance with an application to a CPC collector
The development of a new, semi-empirical model for the directional distribution of the diffuse radiance is reported. The proposed regression-type model, with the form of its base functions obtained from physical principles, is based on a combination of the purely physical reasoning approach and the purely empirical approach. Direct multiple-scattering calculations are circumvented through the use of the method of successive orders of scattering. The model is calibrated for the mean diffuse radiance estimated under all sky conditions reported in a large and comprehensive diffuse radiance data set. It is found that only a small increase in accuracy is gained by including higher orders of scattering, and this increase does not justify the complexity of the resulting model. Therefore, the single scattering approximation is recommended. The use of the model is illustrated in a typical application, in which the fraction of diffuse radiation intercepted by the receive of a compound parabolic concentrator is computed.
Siala, F.M.F. (Center for Solar Energy Studies, Tripoli (Libya)); Hooper, F.C. (Univ. of Toronto, Ontario (Canada))
Development of mixed-conducting ceramics for gas separation applications.
Mixed-conducting oxides are used in many applications, including fuel cells, gas separation membranes, sensors, and electrocatalysis. This paper describes mixed-conducting ceramic membranes that are being developed to selectively remove oxygen and hydrogen from gas streams in a nongalvanic mode of operation (i.e., with no electrodes or external power supply). Because of its high combined electronic/ionic conductivity and significant oxygen permeability, the mixed-conducting Sr-Fe-Co oxide (SFC) has been developed for high-purity oxygen separation and/or partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas, i.e., syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The electronic and ionic conductivities of SFC were found to be comparable in magnitude and are presented as a function of temperature. The oxygen flux through dense SFC tubes during separation of oxygen from air is compared with the oxygen flux during methane conversion. Unlike SFC, in which the ionic and electronic conductivities are nearly equivalent, BaCe{sub 0.80}Y{sub 0.20}O{sub 3} (BCY) exhibits protonic conductivity that is significantly higher than its electronic conductivity. To enhance the electronic conductivity and increase hydrogen permeation, metal powder was combined with the BCY to form a cermet membrane. Nongalvanic permeation of hydrogen through the cermet membrane was demonstrated and characterized as a function of membrane thickness. A sintering aid was developed to avoid interconnected porosity in and improve the mechanical properties of the cermet membrane.
Balachandran, U.
Development of advanced methods for planning electric energy distribution systems. Final report
An extensive search was made for the identification and collection of reports published in the open literature which describes distribution planning methods and techniques. In addition, a questionnaire has been prepared and sent to a large number of electric power utility companies. A large number of these companies were visited and/or their distribution planners interviewed for the identification and description of distribution system planning methods and techniques used by these electric power utility companies and other commercial entities. Distribution systems planning models were reviewed and a set of new mixed-integer programming models were developed for the optimal expansion of the distribution systems. The models help the planner to select: (1) optimum substation locations; (2) optimum substation expansions; (3) optimum substation transformer sizes; (4) optimum load transfers between substations; (5) optimum feeder routes and sizes subject to a set of specified constraints. The models permit following existing right-of-ways and avoid areas where feeders and substations cannot be constructed. The results of computer runs were analyzed for adequacy in serving projected loads within regulation limits for both normal and emergency operation.
Goenen, T.; Foote, B.L.; Thompson, J.C.; Fagan, J.E.
Challenges: Building Scalable and Distributed Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) for Aquatic Applications
Large-scale Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is a novel networking paradigm to explore the uninhabited and complex oceans. However, the characteristics of UWSNs, such as huge propagation delay, floating node mobility, and limited acoustic link capacity, are significantly different from ground-based wireless sensor networks and existing small scale Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs). The novel networking paradigm poses inter-disciplinary challenges that will require new technological solutions. In particular, in this technical report we adopt a top-down approach to explore the research challenges in UWSN design. Along the layered protocol stack, we roughly go down from the top application layer to the bottom physical layer. At each layer, a set of new design intricacies are studied. The conclusion is that building scalable and distributed UWSNs is a challenge that must be answered by inter-disciplinary efforts of acoustic communications, signal processing and mobile acoustic network protocol design. I.
Jun-hong Cui; Jiejun Kong; Mario Gerla; Shengli Zhou
Development and applications of clean coal fluidized bed technology
Power generation in Europe and elsewhere relies heavily on coal and coal-based fuels as the source of energy. The reliance will increase in the future due to the decreasing stability of price and security of oil supply. In other words, the studies on fluidized bed combustion systems, which is one of the clean coal technologies, will maintain its importance. The main objective of the present study is to introduce the development and the applications of the fluidized bed technology (FBT) and to review the fluidized bed combustion studies conducted in Turkey. The industrial applications of the fluidized bed technology in the country date back to the 1980s. Since then, the number of the fluidized bed boilers has increased. The majority of the installations are in the textile sector. In Turkey, there is also a circulating fluidized bed thermal power plant with a capacity of 2 x 160 MW under construction at Can in Canakkale. It is expected that the FBT has had, or will have, a significant and increasing role in dictating the energy strategies for Turkey.
Eskin, N.; Hepbasli, A. [Ege University, Izmir (Turkey). Faculty of Engineering
The development of a drug discovery virtual screening application on Taiwan unigrid
This paper describes the development of an in silico virtual screening application on Taiwan Unigrid. In silico virtual screening is one of the most promising approach to accelerate the drug development process. This pilot application implementation ...
Li-Yung Ho; Pangfeng Liu; Chien-Min Wang; Jan-Jan Wu
Development of inverse modeling techniques for geothermal applications
We have developed inverse modeling capabilities for the non-isothermal, multiphase, multicomponent numerical simulator TOUGH2 to facilitate automatic history matching and parameter estimation based on data obtained during testing and exploitation of geothermal fields. The TOUGH2 code allows one to estimate TOUGH2 input parameters based on any type of observation for which a corresponding simulation output can be calculated. In addition, a detailed residual and error analysis is performed, and the uncertainty of model predictions can be evaluated. One of the advantages of inverse modeling is that it overcomes the time and labor intensive tedium of trial- and error model calibration. Furthermore, the estimated parameters refer directly to the numerical model used for the subsequent predictions and optimization studies. This paper describes the methodology of inverse modeling and demonstrates an application of the method to data from a synthetic geothermal reservoir. We also illustrate its use for the optimization of fluid reinjection into a partly depleted reservoir.
Finsterle, S.; Pruess, K.
Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated Fuel Development for LWR Applications
The concept, fabrication, and key feasibility issues of a new fuel form based on the microencapsulated (TRISO-type) fuel which has been specifically engineered for LWR application and compacted within a SiC matrix will be presented. This fuel, the so-called fully ceramic microencapsulated fuel is currently undergoing development as an accident tolerant fuel for potential UO2 replacement in commercial LWRs. While the ability of this fuel to facilitate normal LWR cycle performance is an ongoing effort within the program, this will not be a focus of this paper. Rather, key feasibility and performance aspects of the fuel will be presented including the ability to fabricate a LWR-specific TRISO, the need for and route to a high thermal conductivity and fully dense matrix that contains neutron poisons, and the performance of that matrix under irradiation and the interaction of the fuel with commercial zircaloy clad.
Snead, Lance Lewis [ORNL; Besmann, Theodore M [ORNL; Terrani, Kurt A [ORNL; Voit, Stewart L [ORNL
Merging photovoltaic hardware development with hybrid applications in the USA
The use of multi-source power systems, ``hybrids,`` is one of the fastest growing, potentially significant markets for photovoltaic (PV) system technology today. Cost-effective applications today include remote facility power, remote area power supplies, remote home and village power, and power for dedicated electrical loads such as communications systems. This market sector is anticipated to be one of the most important growth opportunities for PV over the next five years. The US Department of Energy (USDOE) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) are currently engaged in an effort to accelerate the adoption of market-driven PV hybrid power systems and to effectively integrate PV with other energy sources. This paper provides details of this development and the ongoing hybrid activities in the United States. Hybrid systems are the primary focus of this paper.
Bower, W.
Study and Development of Anti-Islanding Control for Synchronous Machine-Based Distributed Generators: November 2001--March 2004
This report summarizes the study and development of new active anti-islanding control schemes for synchronous machine-based distributed generators, including engine generators and gas turbines.
Ye, Z.
Development and testing of a diagnostic system for intelligen distributed control at EBR-2
A diagnostic system is under development for demonstration of Intelligent Distributed Control at the Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR--II). In the first phase of the project a diagnostic system is being developed for the EBR-II steam plant based on the DISYS expert systems approach. Current testing uses recorded plant data and data from simulated plant faults. The dynamical simulation of the EBR-II steam plant uses the Babcock and Wilcox (B W) Modular Modeling System (MMS). At EBR-II the diagnostic system operates in the UNIX workstation and receives live plant data from the plant Data Acquisition System (DAS). Future work will seek implementation of the steam plant diagnostic in a distributed manner using UNIX based computers and Bailey microprocessor-based control system. 10 refs., 6 figs.
Edwards, R.M.; Ruhl, D.W.; Klevans, E.H.; Robinson, G.E.
An application of distributed approximating functional-wavelets to reactive scattering
A newly developed distributed approximating functional (DAF)-wavelet, the Dirichlet{endash}Gabor DAF-wavelet (DGDW), is applied in a calculation of the state-to-state reaction probabilities for the three-dimensional (3-D) (J=0)H+H{sub 2} reaction, using the time-independent wave-packet reactant-product decoupling (TIWRPD) method. The DGDWs are reconstructed from a rigorous mathematical sampling theorem, and are shown to be DAF-wavelet generalizations of both the sine discrete variable representation (sinc-DVR) and the Fourier distributed approximating functionals (DAFs). An important feature of the generalized sinc-DVR representation is that the grid points are distributed at equally spaced intervals and the kinetic energy matrix has a banded, Toeplitz structure. Test calculations show that, in accordance with mathematical sampling theory, the DAF-windowed sinc-DVR converges much more rapidly and to higher accuracy with bandwidth, 2W+1. The results of the H+H{sub 2} calculation are in very close agreement with the results of previous TIWRPD calculations, demonstrating that the DGDW representation is an accurate and efficient representation for use in FFT wave-packet propagation methods, and that, more generally, the theory of wavelets and related techniques have great potential for the study of molecular dynamics. {copyright} {ital 1998 American Institute of Physics.}
Wei, G.W.; Althorpe, S.C.; Kouri, D.J. [Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204-5641 (United States); Hoffman, D.K. [Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa50011 (United States)
Development of distributed ion pumps for g-2 beam vacuum system
Distributed ion pumps (DIPs) will be used for the beam vacuum system of the g-2 muon storage ring. The magnetic field intensity and alignment angle at the DIP locations are not uniform. The pumping behavior of several different ion pump elements under this non-uniform magnetic field has been studied. The results are compared with the theoretical predictions. Based on these results, the optimum design of the g-2 DIPs has been developed.
Hseuh, H.C.; Mapes, M.; Snydstrup, L.
Solartrak{trademark} controller developments for today`s applications
The SolarTrak{trademark} array tracking controller, originally developed and licensed by Sandia National Laboratories as a low-cost, high-accuracy, reliable controller for photovoltaic (PV) concentrator arrays, has undergone significant development to make tracking accessible to a much broader segment of the PV market. Hardware and software improvements (1) reduce power consumption for PV/battery- powered applications, (2) enable the controller to connect directly with low-cost, off-the-shelf, television satellite dish actuators, (3) enable on-site setup without an additional input board, (4) increase clock accuracy by providing daily and weekly adjustments to the on board clock, and (5) include a low-cost wind stow sensor. The result is a stand-alone tracking system sufficiently low cost and reliable to make 1-kW tracking systems practical for flat plate and concentrating arrays. Results of a year of testing are presented showing clock accuracy better than a minute per year can be maintained.
Maish, A.B. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); O`Neill, M. [ENTECH, Inc., Dallas-Fort Worth Airport, TX (United States); West, R. [Utility Power Group, Chatsworth, CA (United States); Shugar, D.S. [PowerLight Corp., Berkeley, CA 94710 (United States)
Development of NOx Sensors for Heavy Vehicle Applications
The primary gaseous pollutants (excluding CO{sub 2}) produced by combustion of low-sulfur diesel fuel oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (C{sub y}H{sub z}). The last two of these can be readily ameliorated by an oxidation catalyst in the O{sub 2}-rich environment of diesel exhaust but NO{sub x} can not.[1] For this reason NO{sub x} remediation strategies such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) [2, 3] and the lean NO{sub x} trap (LNT) [4, 5] are being actively pursued. The ideal implementation of these strategies would employ NO{sub x} sensors to control reagent injection in the case of SCR and trap regeneration in the case of LNT. Two different NO{sub x} sensors for this application are at or near commercialization: An amperometric NO{sub x} sensor developed by NGK [6] and a 'mixed potential' NO{sub x} sensor developed by Riken [7]. The NGK sensor works by passing the sampled exhaust through a series of two chambers. In the first chamber O{sub 2} is pumped from the exhaust and in the second, NO{sub x} is decomposed electrochemically and the current from this decomposition is measured in order to determine [NO{sub x}]. Since the NO{sub x} concentrations can be small, on the 10's of ppm levels, the currents produced by decomposing the NO{sub x} can be small and difficult to measure accurately. The Riken sensor functions by passing the exhaust over a 'conversion electrode' that converts the NO{sub x} to NO{sub 2}. This NO{sub 2} is then sensed by a mixed potential sensing element.[8-10] Researchers at Ford evaluated the NGK sensor and observed the above shortcoming (poor for low [NO{sub x}]) as well as others [11] (e.g., asymmetric response to NO vs. NO{sub 2}) and were unable to obtain samples of the Riken sensor. Therefore a CRADA was initiated between Ford an ORNL to investigate the development of NO{sub x} sensors for diesel exhaust applications.
Armstrong, T.R.; West, D. L.; Montgomery, F.C.
Note on the Use of the Inverse Gaussian Distribution for Wind Energy Applications
The inverse Gaussian distribution is suggested as an alternative to the three-parameter Weibull distribution for the description of wind speed data with low frequencies of low speeds. A comparison of the two distributions indicates a region of ...
W. E. Bardsley
Policy Building Blocks: Helping Policymakers Determine Policy Staging for the Development of Distributed PV Markets: Preprint
There is a growing body of qualitative and a limited body of quantitative literature supporting the common assertion that policy drives development of clean energy resources. Recent work in this area indicates that the impact of policy depends on policy type, length of time in place, and economic and social contexts of implementation. This work aims to inform policymakers about the impact of different policy types and to assist in the staging of those policies to maximize individual policy effectiveness and development of the market. To do so, this paper provides a framework for policy development to support the market for distributed photovoltaic systems. Next steps include mathematical validation of the framework and development of specific policy pathways given state economic and resource contexts.
Doris, E.
Leak Detection and H2 Sensor Development for Hydrogen Applications
The objectives of this report are: (1) Develop a low cost, low power, durable, and reliable hydrogen safety sensor for a wide range of vehicle and infrastructure applications; (2) Continually advance test prototypes guided by materials selection, sensor design, electrochemical R&D investigation, fabrication, and rigorous life testing; (3) Disseminate packaged sensor prototypes and control systems to DOE Laboratories and commercial parties interested in testing and fielding advanced prototypes for cross-validation; (4) Evaluate manufacturing approaches for commercialization; and (5) Engage an industrial partner and execute technology transfer. Recent developments in the search for sustainable and renewable energy coupled with the advancements in fuel cell powered vehicles (FCVs) have augmented the demand for hydrogen safety sensors. There are several sensor technologies that have been developed to detect hydrogen, including deployed systems to detect leaks in manned space systems and hydrogen safety sensors for laboratory and industrial usage. Among the several sensing methods electrochemical devices that utilize high temperature-based ceramic electrolytes are largely unaffected by changes in humidity and are more resilient to electrode or electrolyte poisoning. The desired sensing technique should meet a detection threshold of 1% (10,000 ppm) H{sub 2} and response time of {approx_equal}1 min, which is a target for infrastructure and vehicular uses. Further, a review of electrochemical hydrogen sensors by Korotcenkov et.al and the report by Glass et.al suggest the need for inexpensive, low power, and compact sensors with long-term stability, minimal cross-sensitivity, and fast response. This view has been largely validated and supported by the fuel cell and hydrogen infrastructure industries by the NREL/DOE Hydrogen Sensor Workshop held on June 8, 2011. Many of the issues preventing widespread adoption of best-available hydrogen sensing technologies available today outside of cost, derive from excessive false positives and false negatives arising from signal drift and unstable sensor baseline; both of these problems necessitate the need for unacceptable frequent calibration.
Brosha, Eric L. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Business intelligence in Chile, recommendations to develop local applications
The volume of information generated from enterprise applications is growing exponentially, and the cost of storage is decreasing rapidly. In addition, cloud-based applications, mobile devices and social networks are becoming ...
Robles, Sebastian
OPM/Web � Object-Process Methodology for Developing Web Applications
Web applications can be classified as hybrids between hypermedia and information systems. They have a relatively simple distributed architecture from the user viewpoint, but a complex dynamic architecture from the designer viewpoint. They need to respond ...
Iris Reinhartz-Berger; Dov Dori; Shmuel Katz
Lithium Ion Cell Development for Photovoltaic Energy Storage Applications
The overall project goal is to reduce the cost of home and neighborhood photovoltaic storage systems by reducing the single largest cost component �?? the energy storage cells. Solar power is accepted as an environmentally advantaged renewable power source. Its deployment in small communities and integrated into the grid, requires a safe, reliable and low cost energy storage system. The incumbent technology of lead acid cells is large, toxic to produce and dispose of, and offer limited life even with significant maintenance. The ideal PV storage battery would have the safety and low cost of lead acid but the performance of lithium ion chemistry. Present lithium ion batteries have the desired performance but cost and safety remain the two key implementation barriers. The purpose of this project is to develop new lithium ion cells that can meet PVES cost and safety requirements using A123Systems phosphate-based cathode chemistries in commercial PHEV cell formats. The cost target is a cell design for a home or neighborhood scale at <$25/kWh. This DOE program is the continuation and expansion of an initial MPSC (Michigan Public Service Commission) program towards this goal. This program further pushes the initial limits of some aspects of the original program �?? even lower cost anode and cathode actives implemented at even higher electrode loadings, and as well explores new avenues of cost reduction via new materials �?? specifically our higher voltage cathode. The challenge in our materials development is to achieve parity in the performance metrics of cycle life and high temperature storage, and to produce quality materials at the production scale. Our new cathode material, M1X, has a higher voltage and so requires electrolyte reformulation to meet the high temperature storage requirements. The challenge of thick electrode systems is to maintain adequate adhesion and cycle life. The composite separator has been proven in systems having standard loading electrodes; the challenge with this material will be to maintain proven performance when this composite is coated onto a thicker electrode; as well the high temperature storage must meet application requirements. One continuing program challenge was the lack of specific performance variables for this PV application and so the low power requirements of PHEV/EV transportation markets were again used.
Susan Babinec
Final Technical Report: Hawaii Hydrogen Center for Development and Deployment of Distributed Energy Systems
The biohydrogen team undertook a comprehensive review of the field and came to what is considered a realistic conclusion. To summarize, continued research is recommended in the fundamentals of the science related to genetic engineering and specific topics to cover knowledge gaps. In the meantime, the team also advocates continued development of related processes which can be linked to pollution control and other real world applications. The extra revenues hydrogen can provide to these multi-product systems can
Rocheleau, Richard E.
Organizational strategy development in distribution channel management using fuzzy AHP and hierarchical fuzzy TOPSIS
Distribution channel management not only consists of choosing distribution channels. In fact, probably the most difficult phase of the distribution management starts after this choice. Determining an appropriate organization strategy for distribution ... Keywords: Distribution channel management, Distribution organization, Extent analysis method, Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, Hierarchical fuzzy TOPSIS
Turan Paksoy; Nimet Yapici Pehlivan; Cengiz Kahraman
Smard Grid Software Applications for Distribution Network Load Forecasting Eugene A. Feinberg, Jun Fei
of the distribution network. Keywords: load forecasting, feeder, transformer, load pocket, SmartGrid I. INTRODUCTION
Feinberg, Eugene A.
Using Subject-Oriented Modeling to Develop Jini Applications
A major contributing factor to the complexity of creating and evolving distributed systems is the tangling of middleware-specific functionality with core business functionality in system designs. Changing middleware functionality that is entangled with ... Keywords: Model Driven Architecture, distributed computing, modeling and meta-modeling, service-oriented architecture and design, Jini, UML, OMG, middleware platforms, subject-oriented modeling, composition patterns
Gagan Tandon; Sudipto Ghosh
Developing nanotechnology for biofuel and plant science applications
This dissertation presents the research on the development of mesoporous silica based nanotechnology for applications in biofuels and plant science. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been the subject of great interest in the last two decades due to their unique properties of high surface area, tunable pore size and particle morphology. The robust nature of the silica framework is easily functionalized to make the MSNs a promising option for selective separations. Also, the independent channels that form the pores of MSN have been exploited in the use of particles as platforms for molecular delivery. Pore size and organic functionality are varied to identify the ideal adsorbent material for free fatty acids (FFAs). The resulting material is able to sequester FFAs with a high degree of selectivity from a simulated solution and microalgal oil. The recyclability and industrial implications are also explored. A continuation of the previous material, further tuning of MSN pore size was investigated. Particles with a smaller diameter selectively sequester polyunsaturated free fatty acids (PUFAs) over monounsaturated FFAs and saturated FFAs. The experimental results were verified with molecular modeling. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle materials with a pore diameter of 10 nm (MSN-10) were decorated with small gold nanoparticles. The resulting materials were shown to deliver proteins and DNA into plant cells using the biolistic method.
Valenstein, Justin
Development of Green Box sensor module technologies for rail applications
Results of a joint Sandia National Laboratories, University of New Mexico, and New Mexico Engineering Research Institute project to investigate an architecture implementing real-time monitoring and tracking technologies in the railroad industry is presented. The work, supported by the New Mexico State Transportation Authority, examines a family of smart sensor products that can be tailored to the specific needs of the user. The concept uses a strap-on sensor package, designed as a value-added component, integrated into existing industry systems and standards. Advances in sensor microelectronics and digital signal processing permit us to produce a class of smart sensors that interpret raw data and transmit inferred information. As applied to freight trains, the sensors` primary purpose is to minimize operating costs by decreasing losses due to theft, and by reducing the number, severity, and consequence of hazardous materials incidents. The system would be capable of numerous activities including: monitoring cargo integrity, controlling system braking and vehicle acceleration, recognizing component failure conditions, and logging sensor data. A cost-benefit analysis examines the loss of revenue resulting from theft, hazardous materials incidents, and accidents. Customer survey data are combined with the cost benefit analysis and used to guide the product requirements definition for a series of specific applications. A common electrical architecture is developed to support the product line and permit rapid product realization. Results of a concept validation, which used commercial hardware and was conducted on a revenue-generating train, are also reported.
Rey, D.; Breeding, R. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Hogan, J.; Mitchell, J. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States); McKeen, R.G. [New Mexico Engineering Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Brogan, J. [New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Direct methanol fuel cells: Developments for portable power and for potential transportation applications
The authors describe here results of recent efforts at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), devoted to potential application of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) as (1) portable power sources at the 50 W level, and (2) primary power sources for electric vehicles. In general, DMFC R and D efforts focus on further improvements in anode catalytic activity, fuel utilization (as related to methanol crossover) and air cathode performance in the presence of the presence of the significant flux of aqueous methanol from anode to cathode. There are significant differences between technical parameters and targets for the two different DMFC applications, which the authors have addressed. They include the lower cell temperature (about 60 C) preferred in portable power vs. operation around 100 C as target temperature for transportation applications, and the much stronger concern for cost of catalyst and any other stack materials in DMFCs developed for potential transportation applications. Most, if not all, recent DMFC work for either portable power or potential transportation applications has strongly focused on cells with polymeric (primarily PFSA) membrane electrolytes. In work at LANL, thin film catalysts bonded to the membrane, e.g., by the decal method, provided best results in terms of catalyst utilization and overall cell performance. In most tests, the single DMFC hardware consisted of uncatalyzed carbon-cloth gas-diffusion backings and graphite blocks with machined serpentine flow channels--quite similar to hardware employed in work with hydrogen/air PEFCs. However, the machined graphite hardware has recently been replaced by alternative, non-machined flow-field/bipolar plates, which enables effective air and aqueous methanol solution distribution along an active area of 50 cm{sup 2}, at a pitch per cell of 2 mm.
Ren, X.; Thomas, S.C.; Zelenay, P.; Gottesfeld, S.
STAR-Scheduler: A Batch Job Scheduler for Distributed I/O Intensive Applications
We present the implementation of a batch job scheduler designed for single-point management of distributed tasks on a multi-node compute farm. The scheduler uses the notion of a meta-job to launch large computing tasks simultaneously on many nodes from a single user command. Job scheduling on specific computing nodes is predicated on the availability of user specified data files co-located with the CPUs where the analysis is meant to take place. Large I/O intensive data analyses may thus be efficiently conducted on multiple CPUs without the limitations implied by finite LAN or WAN bandwidths. Although this Scheduler was developed specifically for the STAR Collaboration at Brookhaven National Laboratory, its design is sufficiently general, it can be adapted to virtually any other data analysis tasks carried out by large scientific collaborations.
V. Mandapaka; C. Pruneau; J. Lauret; S. Zeadally
Mandapaka, V; Lauret, J; Zeadally, S
Development of Gatorized MERL 76 for Gas Turbine Disk Applications
FOR GAS TURBINE DISK APPLICATIONS. R. H. Caless and D. F. Paulonis. Materials. Engineering. Pratt & Whitney. 400 Main Street. East Hartford,. CT 06108.
Development, Demonstration, and Field Testing of Enterprise-Wide Distributed Generation Energy Management System: Final Report
This report details progress on subcontract NAD-1-30605-1 between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and RealEnergy (RE), the purpose of which is to describe RE's approach to the challenges it faces in the implementation of a nationwide fleet of clean cogeneration systems to serve contemporary energy markets. The Phase 2 report covers: utility tariff risk and its impact on market development; the effect on incentives on distributed energy markets; the regulatory effectiveness of interconnection in California; a survey of practical field interconnection issues; trend analysis for on-site generation; performance of dispatch systems; and information design hierarchy for combined heat and power.
Greenberg, S.; Cooley, C.
T.: Web application development and quality - observations from interviews with companies in norway
Web Application Development, software quality, development practises, trade-off. In this paper we present our findings from a series of interviews with companies developing web applications, investigating how quality issues are managed when developing web applications in a rush-to-market and competitive environment. Our findings suggest that requirement practises are communication intensive, that companies perceive quality attributes related to a good user experience important, and that companies don�t have a clear trade-off situation. 1
Sven Ziemer
MetaCore: An Application Specific DSP Development System
This paper describes the MeteCore system which is an ASIP(Application-Specific Instruction set Processor) deveL opmen system targeted for DSP applications. The goal of MeteCore system is to offer an efficient design methodology meeting specifications given as a combination of perorm ance, cost and design turnaround time.
Jin-Hyuk Yang; Byonng-kbon Kim; Sang-Jun Nam; Jang-Ho Cho; Sung-Won Seo; Chang-Ho Ryu; Young-Su Kwon; Dae-Hyun Lee; Jong-Yeol Lee; Jong-Sun Kim; Hyun-Dhong Yoon; Jae-Yeol Kim; Kun-Moo Lee
Development of the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Gynecologic Applicators for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer: Historical Analysis
Purpose: To provide historical background on the development and initial studies of the gynecological (gyn) applicators developed by Dr. Gilbert H. Fletcher, a radiation oncologist and chairperson from 1948 to 1981 of the department at the M.D. Anderson Hospital (MDAH) for Cancer Research in Houston, TX, and to acknowledge the previously unrecognized contribution that Dr. Leonard G. Grimmett, a radiation physicist and chairperson from 1949 to 1951 of the physics department at MDAH, made to the development of the gynecological applicators. Methods and Materials: We reviewed archival materials from the Historical Resource Center and from the Department of Radiation Physics at University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, as well as contemporary published papers, to trace the history of the applicators. Conclusions: Dr. Fletcher's work was influenced by the work on gynecologic applicators in the 1940s in Europe, especially work done at the Royal Cancer Hospital in London. Those efforts influenced not only Dr. Fletcher's approach to the design of the applicators but also the methods used to perform in vivo measurements and determine the dose distribution. Much of the initial development of the dosimetry techniques and measurements at MDAH were carried out by Dr. Grimmett.
Yordy, John S., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (United States); Almond, Peter R. [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Delclos, Luis [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)
Benchmarking and incentive regulation of quality of service: an application to the UK electricity distribution utilities
. Regulation of Electricity Distribution The paradigm of electricity sector liberalisation systems separates the basic functions of electricity generation, transmission, distribution, and supply (or retailing). Generation plants produce electricity, which...
Giannakis, D; Jamasb, Tooraj; Pollitt, Michael G.
ePLAS Development for Jet Modeling and Applications
Plasma jets provide an alternate approach to the creation of high energy density laboratory plasmas (HEDLP). For the Plasma Liner Experiment (PLX), typically 30 partially ionized argon jets, produced with mini-rail guns, will be focused into a central volume for subsequent magnetic compression into high density plasma liners that can reach high (0.1 Mbar) peak pressures upon stagnation. The jets are typically 2.5 cm in radius traveling at Mach number 30. Ultimate success will require optimized tuning of the rail configurations, the nozzles injecting the gases, and the careful implementation of pre-ionization. The modeling of plasma jet transport is particularly challenging, due the large space (100 sq cm) and time scales (microseconds) involved. Even traditional implicit methods are insufficient, due to the usual need to track electrons explicitly on the mesh. Wall emission and chemistry must be managed, as must ionization of the jet plasma. Ions in the jets are best followed as particles to account properly for collisions upon jet merger. This Phase I Project developed the code ePLAS to attack and successfully surmount many of these challenges. It invented a new 'super implicit' electromagnetic scheme, using implicit electron moment currents that allowed for modeling of jets over multi-cm and multi-picoseconds on standard, single processor 2 GHz PCs. It enabled merger studies of two jets, in preparation for the multi-jet merger problem. The Project explored particle modeling for the ions, and prepared for the future addition of a grid-base jet ion collision model. Access was added to tabular equations of state for the study of ionization effects in merging jets. The improved code was discussed at the primary plasma meetings (IEEE and APS) during the Project period. Collaborations with National Laboratory and industrial partners were nurtured. Code improvements were made to facilitate code use. See: http://www.researchapplicationscorp.com. The ePLAS code enjoys EAR99 export control treatment, permitting distribution to most foreign countries without a license.
Dr. Rodney J. Mason
Development and validation of a smartphone heart rate acquisition application for health promotion and wellness telehealth applications
Objective. Current generation smartphones' video camera technologies enable photoplethysmographic (PPG) acquisition and heart rate (HR) measurement. The study objective was to develop an Android application and compare HRs derived from a Motorola Droid ...
Mathew J. Gregoski; Martina Mueller; Alexey Vertegel; Aleksey Shaporev; Brenda B. Jackson; Ronja M. Frenzel; Sara M. Sprehn; Frank A. Treiber
The development of an innovative bonding method for microfluidic applications
The field of microfluidics has powerful applications in low-cost healthcare diagnostics, DNA analysis, and fuel cells, among others. As the field moves towards commercialization, the ability to robustly manufacture these ...
Lustrino, Michelle E. (Michelle Elizabeth)
Emergency Incident Mapper : an emergency dispatching application developed for a rural community / Joshua Jack.
??The purpose of this thesis project was to develop a Geographic Information System (GIS) application that would increase the efficiency of a certain rural volunteer� (more)
Jack, Joshua
Application development for automated positioning of 3D-representations of a modularized product.
?? This thesis presents an application that performs positioning of modules automatically based on given data for every module, and the development of it. The� (more)
Larsson, Christian
Lipids in NanotechnologyChapter 7 Applications of Nanotechnology in Pharmaceutical Development
Lipids in Nanotechnology Chapter 7 Applications of Nanotechnology in Pharmaceutical Development Food Science Health Nutrition Biochemistry Processing eChapters Food Science & Technology Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Processing 6
Software engineering education in the era of outsourcing, distributed development, and open source software: challenges and opportunities
As software development becomes increasingly globally distributed, and more software functions are delegated to common open source software (OSS) and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, practicing software engineers face significant challenges ...
Matthew J. Hawthorne; Dewayne E. Perry
The Sensitivity of Idealized Hurricane Structure and Development to the Distribution of Vertical Levels in MM5
In the course of studying the development of hurricanes using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University�National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5), a relationship between storm intensity and the distribution of ...
Sytske K. Kimball; F. Carroll Dougherty
CHP (PX and Tariff case) Distributed Energy Resources42 Figure 10. Energy Consumption Breakdown - 1999 (TariffFigure 10. Energy Consumption Breakdown - 1999 (Tariff Case)
Overcoming Technical and Market Barriers for Distributed Wind Applications: Reaching the Mainstream; Preprint
This paper describes how the distributed wind industry must overcome hurdles including system costs and interconnection and installation restrictions to reach its mainstream market potential.
Rhoads-Weaver, H.; Forsyth, T.
Role of solid oxide fuel cell distributed generation for stationary power application.
??Based on an availabe fuel cell dyanmical model, an inportant concept feasible operating area is introduced. Fuel cell based distributed generator is studied to solve� (more)
Li, Yonghui.
The Application and Verification of ASHRAE 152-2004 (Method of Test for Determining the Design and Seasonal Efficiencies of Residential Thermal Distribution Systems) to DOE-2-1e Simulation Program
This report describes the application and verification of duct model on DOE 2.1e version 119 using ASHRAE 152-2004 (Method of Test for Determining the Design and Seasonal Efficiencies of Residential Thermal Distribution Systems). It begins with a concept of duct model which is developed by ASHRAE and shows the application and the verification of the duct model to DOE 2.1e version 119 simulation program.
Kim, S.; Haberl, J. S.
Standards application and development plan for solar thermal technologies
The Solar Energy Research Institute, at the request of DOE, is developing a Quality Assurance and Standards (QA and S) Plan for solar thermal technologies. Unlike the legislative directives concerning standards for the Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings (SHAC) programs, which required prior development of criteria, relevant legal requirements for ST involved developing sound commercial practices. Since standards development and implementation of PV and SHAC technologies were begun earlier, a lessons-learned approach is used to develop a QA and S plan for ST. Thus, the keystone of the plan is a series of functional and standards matrices, contained in this report, developed from input from ST users and from the industry that will be continually reviewed and updated as commercial aspects develop. The matrices highlight codes, standards, test methods, functions and definitions that need to be developed. They will be submitted through ANSI for development by national consensus bodies. A contingency action is proposed for standards development if specific input is lacking at the committee level or if early development of a standard would hasten commercialization or gain needed jurisdictional acceptance. Agency funding will be sought before consensus review to support development of draft standards by specialists, laboratories, and consultants where qualifying requirements apply.
Cobb, H.R.W.
Progress in Development of a Miniature Pulse Tube Cooler for Space Applications
A pulse tube cryocooler is under development for high?reliability spacecraft applications. Recent developments in the assembly and verification of a Miniature Pulse Tube Cooler (MPTC) are presented
A. S. Gibson; R. Hunt; I. Charles; L. Duband; M. R. Crook; A. H. Orlowska; T. W. Bradshaw; M. Linder
The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power system using high-temperature coal gas cleanup is one of the most promising advanced technologies for the production of electric power from coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Unlike conventional low-temperature cleanup systems that require costly heat exchangers, high-temperature coal gas cleanup systems can be operated near 482-538 �C (900-1000��F) or higher, conditions that are a closer match with the gasifier and turbine components in the IGCC system, thus resulting is a more efficient overall system. GE is developing a moving-bed, high-temperature desulfurization system for the IGCC power cycle in which zinc-based regenerable sorbents are currently being used as desulfurization sorbents. Zinc titanate and other proprietary zinc-based oxides are being considered as sorbents for use in the Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program at Tampa Electric Co.?s (TECo) Polk Power Station. Under cold startup conditions at TECo, desulfurization and regeneration may be carried out at temperatures as low as 343 �C (650 �F), hence a versatile sorbent is desirable to perform over this wide temperature range. A key to success in the development of high-temperature desulfurization systems is the matching of sorbent properties for the selected process operating conditions, namely, sustainable desulfurization kinetics, high sulfur capacity, and mechanical durability over multiple cycles. Additionally, the sulfur species produced during regeneration of the sorbent must be in a form compatible with sulfur recovery systems, such as sulfuric acid or elemental sulfur processes. The overall objective of this program is to develop regenerable sorbents for hydrogen sulfide removal from coal-derived fuel gases in the temperature range 343-538 �C (650-1000 �F). Two categories of reactor configurations are being considered: moving-bed reactors and fluidized-bed (bubbling and circulating) reactors. In addition, a cost assessment and a market plan for large-scale fabrication of sorbents were developed. As an optional task, long-term bench-scale tests of the best moving-bed sorbents were conducted. Starting from thermodynamic calculations, several metal oxides were identified for potential use as hot gas cleanup sorbents using constructed phase stability diagrams and laboratory screening of various mixed-metal oxide formulations. Modified zinc titanates and other proprietary metal oxide formulations were evaluated at the bench scale and many of them found to be acceptable for operation in the target desulfurization temperature range of 370 �C (700 �F) to 538 �C (1000 �F) and regeneration tempera-tures up to 760 �C (1400 �F). Further work is still needed to reduce the batch-to-batch repeatability in the fabrication of modified zinc titanates for larger scale applications. The information presented in this Volume 1 report contains the results of moving-bed sorbent develop-ment at General Electric?s Corporate Research and Development (GE-CRD). A separate Volume 2 report contains the results of the subcontract on fluidized-bed sorbent development at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT).
Double Auction-based Scheduling of Scientific Applications in Distributed Grid and Cloud Environments
Economy models have long been considered as a promising complement to the classical distributed resource management not only due of their dynamic and decentralized nature, but also because the concept of financial valuation of resources and services ... Keywords: Distributed Grid/Cloud computing, Double auctions, Market model, Resource management, Scheduling
Radu Prodan; Marek Wieczorek; Hamid Mohammadi Fard
Web based multilayered distributed SCADA/HMI system in refinery application
The paper describes system synthesis and architecture of a multilayered distributed SCADA/HMI system. The system is used for monitoring and control of refinery terminals for truck loading and oil products pipeline shipping. Network-centered, distributed ... Keywords: Data server, Fieldbuses, OPC protocols, Real time systems, SCADA/HMI
Adnan Salihbegovic; Vlatko Marinkovi?; Zoran Cico; Elvedin Karavdi?; Nina Delic
Experiences with distributed computation of twin primes distribution
This paper outlines experiences with development of a distributed framework designed for parallel processing of an application using idle processor time on large numbers of heterogeneous computers. The system places no requirements on the performance ...
Patrick H. Fry; Jeffrey Nesheiwat; Boleslaw K. Szymanski
Application of Distribution Transformer Thermal Life Models to Electrified Vehicle Charging Loads Using Monte-Carlo Method: Preprint
Application of Distribution Application of Distribution Transformer Thermal Life Models to Electrified Vehicle Charging Loads Using Monte-Carlo Method Preprint Michael Kuss, Tony Markel, and William Kramer Presented at the 25th World Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition Shenzhen, China November 5 - 9, 2010 Conference Paper NREL/CP-5400-48827 January 2011 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (Alliance), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Accordingly, the US Government and Alliance retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes.
Recent Developments in High Strength Steels for Energy Applications
... energy sectors which includes conventional oil/natural gas, shale gas, and wind energy. ... Development of API X70 on a Thin-Slab Casting and Rolling Mill.
Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies...
Restoration Carbon Analysis (FRCA) method, has been further refined and developed in Peru. Both spatially explicit baseline models, along with the historical trend baseline...
The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power system using high-temperature coal gas cleanup is one of the most promising advanced technologies for the production of electric power from coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Unlike conventional low-temperature cleanup systems that require costly heat exchangers, high-temperature coal gas cleanup systems can be operated near 482-538 C (900-1000 F) or higher, conditions that are a closer match with the gasifier and turbine components in the IGCC system, thus resulting is a more efficient overall system. GE is developing a moving-bed, high-temperature desulfurization system for the IGCC power cycle in which zinc-based regenerable sorbents are currently being used as desulfurization sorbents. Zinc titanate and other proprietary zinc-based oxides are being considered as sorbents for use in the Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program at Tampa Electric Co.'s (TECo) Polk Power Station. Under cold startup conditions at TECo, desulfurization and regeneration may be carried out at temperatures as low as 343 C (650 F), hence a versatile sorbent is desirable to perform over this wide temperature range. A key to success in the development of high-temperature desulfurization systems is the matching of sorbent properties for the selected process operating conditions, namely, sustainable desulfurization kinetics, high sulfur capacity, and mechanical durability over multiple cycles. Additionally, the sulfur species produced during regeneration of the sorbent must be in a form compatible with sulfur recovery systems, such as sulfuric acid or elemental sulfur processes. The overall objective of this program is to develop regenerable sorbents for hydrogen sulfide removal from coal-derived fuel gases in the temperature range 343-538 C (650-1000 F). Two categories of reactor configurations are being considered: moving-bed reactors and fluidized-bed (bubbling and circulating) reactors. In addition, a cost assessment and a market plan for large-scale fabrication of sorbents were developed. As an optional task, long-term bench-scale tests of the best moving-bed sorbents were conducted. Starting from thermodynamic calculations, several metal oxides were identified for potential use as hot gas cleanup sorbents using constructed phase stability diagrams and laboratory screening of various mixed-metal oxide formulations. Modified zinc titanates and other proprietary metal oxide formulations were evaluated at the bench scale and many of them found to be acceptable for operation in the target desulfurization temperature range of 370 C (700 F) to 538 C (1000 F) and regeneration temperatures up to 760 C (1400 F). Further work is still needed to reduce the batch-to-batch repeatability in the fabrication of modified zinc titanates for larger scale applications. The information presented in this Volume 1 report contains the results of moving-bed sorbent development at General Electric's Corporate Research and Development (GE-CRD). A separate Volume 2 report contains the results of the subcontract on fluidized-bed sorbent development at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT).
R.E Ayala; V.S. Venkataramani; Javad Abbasian; Rachid B. Slimane; Brett E. Williams; Minoo K. Zarnegar; James R. Wangerow; Andy H. Hill
Diagnosing the Intercept Parameter for Exponential Raindrop Size Distribution Based on Video Disdrometer Observations: Model Development
The exponential distribution N(D) = N0 exp(??D) with a fixed intercept parameter N0 is most commonly used to represent raindrop size distribution (DSD) in rainfall estimation and in single-moment bulk microphysics parameterization schemes. ...
Guifu Zhang; Ming Xue; Qing Cao; Daniel Dawson
Developing and improving a scanning system for dosimetric applications
Radiotherapy is nowadays one of the most used techniques for the treatment of different pathologies, particularly cancer diseases. The accuracy regarding the application of these treatments, which are planned according to patient information, depends mainly on the dosimetric measurements of absorbed dose within irradiated tissues. The present work is devoted to the study, design and construction of an original device capable of performing visible light transmission measurements in order to analyze Fricke gel dosimeters. Furthermore, a suitable bi-dimensional positioning system along with a dedicated control system and image processing software has been adapted to the dosimetric device in order to perform 2D dose mapping. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of the proposed method, therefore suggesting its potentiality for clinical applications.
Perez, P.; Galvan, V. [FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, C. Universitaria, Cordoba (X5000HUA) (Argentina); Castellanoa, G.; Valente, M. [FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, C. Universitaria, Cordoba (X5000HUA) (Argentina); CONICET Argentina. Avda. Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires ( C1033AAJ) (Argentina)
A worldwide overview of superconductivity development efforts for utility applications
The progress and prospects for the application of high temperature superconductivity to the electric power sector has been the topic of an IEA Implementing Agreement begun in 1990. The present task members are: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. As a result of the Implementing Agreement, work has been performed by the Operating Agent with the full participation of all of the member countries. This work has facilitated the exchange of information among experts in all member countries and is the basis for much of the information contained in this paper. This paper summarizes progress toward application of high temperature superconductivity to devices for use in the electric power sector such as: fault-current limiters, cables, superconducting magnetic energy Storage, rotating machinery, transformers, and flywheels incorporating magnetic bearings. Such devices are being designed, built and tested throughout the world.
Giese, R.F.
case, such as total electricity bill, electricity generationHeat and Power Applications electricity bill for electricityK$ Investment Costs Annual Electricity Bill for Purchases
SMPL : a network architecture for collaborative distributed services
This thesis proposes a network architecture, called SMPL, for the design and development of collaboration-oriented, distributed applications over the Internet. The goal of SMPL is to enable the development of applications ...
Rocha, Carols A. (Carlos Andres Rocha Penagos)
Hydrogen power park experiments in Hawai�i produced real-world data on the performance of commercialized electrochemical components and power systems integrating renewable and hydrogen technologies. By analyzing the different losses associated with the various equipment items involved, this work identifies the different improvements necessary to increase the viability of these technologies for commercial deployment. The stand-alone power system installed at Kahua Ranch on the Big Island of Hawaii required the development of the necessary tools to connect, manage and monitor such a system. It also helped the electrolyzer supplier to adapt its unit to the stand-alone power system application. Hydrogen fuel purity assessments conducted at the Hawai�i Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) fuel cell test facility yielded additional knowledge regarding fuel cell performance degradation due to exposure to several different fuel contaminants. In addition, a novel fitting strategy was developed to permit accurate separation of the degradation of fuel cell performance due to fuel impurities from other losses. A specific standard MEA and a standard flow field were selected for use in future small-scale fuel cell experiments. Renewable hydrogen production research was conducted using photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices, hydrogen production from biomass, and biohydrogen analysis. PEC device activities explored novel configurations of �traditional� photovoltaic materials for application in high-efficiency photoelectrolysis for solar hydrogen production. The model systems investigated involved combinations of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). A key result of this work was the establishment of a robust �three-stage� fabrication process at HNEI for high-efficiency CIGS thin film solar cells. The other key accomplishment was the development of models, designs and prototypes of novel �four-terminal� devices integrating high-efficiency CIGS and a-Si:H with operating features compatible with high-efficiency photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting. The objective of one activity under the hydrogen production from biomass task was to conduct parametric testing of the Pearson gasifier and to determine the effects of gasifier operating conditions on the gas yields and quality. The hydrogen yield from this gasifier was evaluated in a parametric test series over a range of residence times from 0.8 to 2.2 seconds. H2 concentrations as high as 55% (volume) were measured in the product gas at the longer residence times and this corresponds to a hydrogen yield of 90 kg per tonne of bagasse without gas upgrading. The objective of another activity was to develop hot gas clean-up capabilities for the HNEI gasifier test facility to support hydrogen-from-biomass research. The product gas stream at the outlet of the hot gas filter was characterized for concentrations of permanent gas species and contaminants. Biomass feedstock processing activity included a preliminary investigation into methods for processing sugar cane trash at the Puunene Sugar Factory on the island of Maui, Hawaii. The objective of the investigation was to explore treatment methods that would enable the successful use of cane trash as fuel for the production of hydrogen via gasification. Analyses were completed for the technical and economic feasibility of producing biofuel from photosynthetic marine microbes on a commercial scale. Results included estimates for total costs, energy efficiency, and return on investment. The biohydrogen team undertook a comprehensive review of the field and came to what is considered a realistic conclusion. To summarize, continued research is recommended in the fundamentals of the science related to genetic engineering and specific topics to cover knowledge gaps. In the meantime, the team also advocates continued development of related processes which can be linked to pollution control and other real world applications. The extra revenues hydrogen can provide to these multi-product systems can
Renewable Energy Applications for Rural Development in China
This paper provides a description of current work to promote and support the developing market for renewable (RE) and energy efficiency (EE) technologies in China. Since the signing of the US/China Protocol for Cooperation in the Fields of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technology Development and Utilization in 1995, NREL has helped to promote RE and EE technologies, specifically rural energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and renewable energy business development, in addition to more general policy and planning support. This paper focuses on NREL's work in support of the $240 million Township Electrification Program, which is providing power to over 1000 rural communities using renewable based energy sources.
Ku, J.; Baring-Gould, E. I.; Stroup, K.
Second generation (2G) technologies to fabricate high-performance superconducting wires developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) were transferred to American Superconductor via this CRADA. In addition, co-development of technologies for over a decade was done to enable fabrication of commercial high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires with high performance. The massive success of this CRADA has allowed American Superconductor Corporation (AMSC) to become a global leader in the fabrication of HTS wire and the technology is fully based on the Rolling Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates (RABiTS) technology invented and developed at ORNL.
Goyal, A.; Rupich, M. (American Superconductor Corp.)
Quasi-parallel network applications in real-time distribution management system
In modern distribution management systems (DMSs), the real-time calculation of the network's state plays an important role for the operation of the network. High sophisticated algorithms for the estimation and calculation of the system's ...
Izudin Dzafic; Hans-Theo Neisius
Networked control of distributed energy resources: application to solid oxide fuel cells
This paper presents a model-based networked control approach for managing Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) over communication networks. As a model system, we consider a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) plant that communicates with the central controller ...
Yulei Sun; Sathyendra Ghantasala; Nael H. El-Farra
Application of the Lognormal Raindrop Distribution to Differential Reflectivity Radar Measurement (ZDR)
Use of the lognormal form of raindrop size distributions in simulations of differential reflectivity (ZDR) measurements is investigated. Using two remotely measured variables and an empirical relation, the three parameters of the lognormal ...
Graham Feingold; Zev Levin
Application of three-dimensional circuit integration to global clock distribution
As the semi-conductor industry moves towards deep sub-micron designs, efficiency of chip-wide communication is becoming the limiting factor on system performance. One globally distributed signal with significant effect on ...
Salinas, Erica M. (Erica Marie), 1980-
Novel Distributed Generation Control and Dispatching System: Application Validation and Benefits Quantification
This report describes a novel control and dispatching hardware/software system for distributed generation. The system allows the connection of multiple generators at a number of sites to a utility control and monitoring system for the purpose of providing peaking power for the utility. Using distributed generation for this purpose is a potentially cost-effective solution to localized power system constraints caused by the inability to increase power transmission into an area experiencing steady growth in...
Crystallization process development and spherical agglomerates for pharmaceutical processing applications
The control of crystallization steps is essential in the production of many materials in the pharmaceutical, materials, and chemical industries. Additionally, due to increasing costs of research and development, reductions ...
Quon, Justin (Justin Louis)
and Enable Development of Fusion�s Energy Applications
Demonstrate advanced physics operation of a tokamak in steadystate with Burn � Utilize conservative expressions of all elements of Advanced Tokamak physics to produce 100-250 MW fusion power with modest energy gain (Q 2 weeks � Further develop all elements of Advanced Tokamak physics, qualifying them for an advanced performance DEMO Develop fusion�s nuclear technology � Test materials with high neutron fluence (3-6 MW-yr/m 2) with duty factor 0.3 on a year � Demonstrate Tritium self-sufficiency � Develop fusion blankets that make both tritium and electricity at 1-2 MW/m 2 neutron fluxes � Develop fusion blankets that produce hydrogen With ITER and IFMIF, provide the basis for a fusion DEMO Power Plant
R. D. Stambaugh
Development and application of tools for glycan characterization
Glycans are essential components of all living things because they function as key elements of cellular membranes and extracellular spaces by mediating cell-cell communication, transduction pathways, and cellular development, ...
Beckley, Nia (Nia S.)
Development and application of a photovoltaic financial model
Due to the relative immaturity of the solar farm industry, there are very few comprehensive financial models in use. I address this by developing a photovoltaic NPV financial model and apply the model to various base cases ...
Dietz, Brad
Aggregate Building Simulator (ABS) Methodology Development, Application, and User Manual
As the relationship between the national building stock and various global energy issues becomes a greater concern, it has been deemed necessary to develop a system of predicting the energy consumption of large groups of buildings. Ideally this system is to take advantage of the most advanced energy simulation software available, be able to execute runs quickly, and provide concise and useful results at a level of detail that meets the users needs without inundating them with data. The resulting methodology that was developed allows the user to quickly develop and execute energy simulations of many buildings simultaneously, taking advantage of parallel processing to greatly reduce total simulation times. The result of these simulations can then be rapidly condensed and presented in a useful and intuitive manner.
Dirks, James A.; Gorrissen, Willy J.
Developing Information on Energy Savings and Associated Costs and Benefits of Energy Efficient Emerging Technologies Applicable in California
future development of smart grids and distributed generationLess over-heating Enables smart grid, LEDs Currently limited
Xu, Tengfang
Development and application of a system for dynamic wildfire risk assessment in Italy
In this paper, the architecture and the application of a system designed for the assessment of the distribution of dynamic wildland fire risk over the whole Italian territory are presented. Such an assessment takes place on the basis of static information ... Keywords: Civil protection, Decision support, Forecasting, Fuel moisture model, Risk assessment, Wildfires
Paolo Fiorucci; Francesco Gaetani; Riccardo Minciardi
The application of load models of electric appliances to distribution system analysis
This paper proposes a methodology to apply the load models of key electric appliances in residential area for distribution system analysis. According to the load models, the transformer hourly loading is estimated during simulation iteration by the bus voltage and ambient temperature. A three phase load flow program is then executed to find the feeder daily profile of power consumption and system loss with the transformer hourly loading derived. Besides, the daily power consumption by each type of key appliances can also be solved. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a distribution feeder of Taipower system is selected for computer simulation to find the potential of energy conservation by controlling the feeder service voltage at substation. Moreover, the load model of air conditioners, which are temperature sensitive appliances, is also considered in the program to find the impact of ambient temperature change to the power consumption of residential distribution feeders. It is concluded that the load models of key electric appliances can provide a useful tool for distribution engineers to enhance the accuracy of system analysis to estimate the operation efficiency of distribution system in a more effective manner.
Chen, C.S.; Wu, T.H.; Lee, C.C.; Tzeng, Y.M. [National Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Kaohsiung (Taiwan, Province of China). Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Development of a High Resolution, Real Time, Distribution-Level Metering System and Associated Visualization, Modeling, and Data Analysis Functions
NREL is developing measurement devices and a supporting data collection network specifically targeted at electrical distribution systems to support research in this area. This paper describes the measurement network which is designed to apply real-time and high speed (sub-second) measurement principles to distribution systems that are already common for the transmission level in the form of phasor measurement units and related technologies.
Bank, J.; Hambrick, J.
System Impacts from Interconnection of Distributed Resources: Current Status and Identification of Needs for Further Development
This report documents and evaluates system impacts from the interconnection of distributed resources to transmission and distribution systems, including a focus on renewable distributed resource technologies. The report also identifies system impact-resolution approaches and actions, including extensions of existing approaches. Lastly, the report documents the current challenges and examines what is needed to gain a clearer understanding of what to pursue to better avoid or address system impact issues.
Basso, T. S.
Developing Virtual Reality Applications: Foundations of Effective Design
Virtual Reality systems enable organizations to cut costs and time, maintain financial and organizational control over the development process, digitally evaluate products before having them created, and allow for greater creative exploration. In this ... Keywords: Computer Graphics, User Interfaces, Virtual Reality
Alan Craig; William R. Sherman; Jeffrey D. Will
An application of a game development framework in higher education
This paper describes how a game development framework was used as a learning aid in a software engineering. Games can be used within higher education in various ways to promote student participation, enable variation in how lectures are taught, and improve ...
Alf Inge Wang; Bian Wu
Advanced Gas Turbine (AGT) powertrain system development for automotive applications
Topics covered include the AGT 101 engine test compressor design modification cold air turbine testing Mod 1 alloy turbine rotor fabrication combustion aspects regenerator development and thermal screening tests for ceramic materials. The foil gas bearings, rotor dynamics, and AGT controls and accessories are also considered.
Ten Steps to Developing Virtual Reality Applications for Engineering Education
several years to develop a series of virtual reality ( VR) based computer modules for use in undergraduate engineering education. The goals of this work have been threefold: 1. To produce modules with as much practical use to as many students as possible.
John T. Bell; H. Scott Fogler
Component Development - Advanced Fuel Cells for Transportation Applications
Report summarizes results of second phase of development of Vairex air compressor/expander for automotive fuel cell power systems. Project included optimizing key system performance parameters, as well as reducing number of components and the project cost, size and weight of the air system. Objectives were attained. Advanced prototypes are in commercial test environments.
Butler, William
NetCOPE: Platform for Rapid Development of Network Applications
Rapid development in area of network technologies and the bandwidth increase to 1Gbps or 10Gbps puts more and more requirements to devices, that have to process or analyze a network traffic. The results from numerous research works show that the performance ...
Tomas Martinek; Martin Kosek
Petascale block-structured AMR applications without distributed meta-data
Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) applications to solve partial differential equations (PDE) are very challenging to scale efficiently to the petascale regime. We describe optimizations to the Chombo AMR framework that enable it to scale efficiently to ...
Brian Van Straalen; Phil Colella; Daniel T. Graves; Noel Keen
Formal Methods Application: An Empirical Tale of Software Development
Abstract�The development of an elevator scheduling system by undergraduate students is presented. The development was performed by 20 teams of undergraduate students, divided into two groups. One group produced specifications by employing a formal method that involves only first-order logic. The other group used no formal analysis. The solutions of the groups are compared using the metrics of code correctness, conciseness, and complexity. Particular attention is paid to a subset of the formal methods group which provided a full verification of their implementation. Their results are compared to other published formal solutions. The formal methods group's solutions are found to be far more correct than the nonformal solutions. Index Terms�Formal methods, software specifications, software engineering curriculum.
Ann E. Kelley Sobel; Ieee Computer Society; Michael R. Clarkson
Accelerator Developments and their Application to Cancer Therapy
Basic phenomena in irradiations of X-ray and particle beams and comparison among various radiations are described. Total doses and fractionations for several sites in case of carbon beam are shown in comparison with X-ray and proton beam. Typical results of carbon beam treatments are shown. Original facility was too large. Then, smaller design of 2{sup nd} stage facility of carbon therapy was carried out as well as the further technical developments.
Hirao, Yasuo [Association for Nuclear Technology in Medicine, Toranomon 1-8-16, Minato-ku, Tokyo (Japan)
Development and Application of Expert Systems in Audit Services
The authors evaluate research and development in the design of expert systems for the audit domain, providing an overview of the domain of expert judgment involved in the audit process. A framework used to present and analyze work to date and to guide ... Keywords: audit complexity, audit domain, audit process, auditing, expert judgment, expert system validation, expert systems, future efforts, knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, representational forms, rule-based systems
E. L. Denna; J. V. Hansen; R. D. Meservy
Reliability Improvements from the Application of Distribution Automation Technologies - Initial Results
U.S. Department of Energy | December 2012 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. ii 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose and Scope ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background on Electric Distribution Reliability ............................................................ 2 1.3 Organization of this Report .......................................................................................... 3 2. Overview of Systems, Devices, and Expected Benefits...................................................... 4
Nonlocal approach to the analysis of the stress distribution in granular systems. II. Application to experiment
and ceramic compacts has been limited to simplified physical arguments concerning the transmission of stress within a compact, and 2 direct mapping of the den- sity distribution within a compact. The first approach is exemplified by the work of Kamm, Steinberg, and Wulff 7 who placed a thin lead grid into a cylindrical copper
Kenkre, V.M.
Guidelines for developing effective Estimation of Distribution Algorithms in solving single machine scheduling problems
The goal of this research is to deduce important guidelines for designing effective Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs). These guidelines will enhance the designed algorithms in balancing the intensification and diversification effects of EDAs. ... Keywords: Diversification, Estimation of Distribution Algorithms, Intensification, Just-in-time, Single machine scheduling problems
Shih-Hsin Chen; Min-Chih Chen; Pei-Chann Chang; Qingfu Zhang; Yuh-Min Chen
Development of Quantitative Measurement of Fuel Mass Distribution Using Planar Imaging Technique
The quantified fuel mass distribution of a spray was obtained from laser induced fluorescence images with optical patternation. In the dense spray region, however, the emitted fluorescence signal is significantly attenuated in the path of the detector ... Keywords: Imaging method, Laser induced fluorescence (LIF), Mass distribution, Signal Attenuation, Spray
H. Koh; K. Jung; Y. Yoon; K. Lee; K. -S. Jeong
Heat-pipe development for high-temperature recuperator application
Heat pipes have been developed for operation in oxidizing atmospheres at temperatures above 1100/sup 0/K. The heat pipes comprise a metallic liner and wick structure with a protective outer shell of an oxidation resistant material. The working fluids used in the heat pipes are alkali metals. A number of configurations have been evaluated, ranging from pipes using a metallic inner liner of a chemically vapor deposited (CVD) refractory metal applied to ceramic tubing, to one utilizing ferrous materials with an outer layer of a developed oxide. A promising intermediate configuration consisting of free-standing refractory tubing covered with a layered structure of fine grain, equi-axed CVD silicon carbide has also been evaluated. The test heat pipe was fabricated using low-carbon, arc-cast molybdenum tubing and a wick composed of 150 mesh molybdenum screen. Hafnium gettering was used with sodium working fluid. Assembly of the pipe was by electron beam welding. Following closure and capping of the fill tube the assembly was operated in a vacuum for several hours prior to the chemical vapor deposition of the exterior ceramic coating. After coating, the pipe was operated in air and in combustion gases for performance evaluation. The use of iron-chromium-aluminum alloys as container materials for operating in high temperature oxidizing and sulfiding gas streams has been investigated. Alloys of this type develop heavy, protective oxide surface layers when exposed to high temperature oxidizing atmospheres, and are commonly used in electrical heating elements because of their exceptional oxidation resistance.
Merrigan, M.; Dunwoody, W.; Lundberg, L.
Use case-driven component specification: a medical applications perspective to product line development
Modular and flexible software components can be useful for reuse across a class of domain-specific applications or product lines. By varying the composition of components suited to a particular product line, an assortment of applications can be developed ... Keywords: component specifications, generation of component-based systems, medical domain, software lifecycle
M. Brian Blake; Kevin Cleary; Sohan R. Ranjan; Luis Ibanez; Kevin Gary
A new end-user composition model to empower knowledge workers to develop rich internet applications
Enabling real end-user programming development is the next logical stage in the evolution of Internetwide service-based applications. Even so, the vision of end users programming their own web-based solutions has not yet materialized. This will continue ... Keywords: end-user programming, rich internet application, user-centred service-oriented architectures
David Lizcano; Fernando Alonso; Javier Soriano; Genoveva L�pez
Cross-impacts analysis development and energy policy analysis applications
Purpose of this report is to describe the cross-impact analysis process and microcomputer software developed for the Office of Policy, Planning, and Analysis (PPA) of DOE. First introduced in 1968, cross-impact analysis is a technique that produces scenarios of future conditions and possibilities. Cross-impact analysis has several unique attributes that make it a tool worth examining, especially in the current climate when the outlook for the economy and several of the key energy markets is uncertain. Cross-impact analysis complements the econometric, engineering, systems dynamics, or trend approaches already in use at DOE. Cross-impact analysis produces self-consistent scenarios in the broadest sense and can include interaction between the economy, technology, society and the environment. Energy policy analyses that couple broad scenarios of the future with detailed forecasting can produce more powerful results than scenario analysis or forecasts can produce alone.
Roop, J.M.; Scheer, R.M.; Stacey, G.S.
Estimation of fatigue and extreme load distributions from limited data with application to wind energy systems.
An estimate of the distribution of fatigue ranges or extreme loads for wind turbines may be obtained by separating the problem into two uncoupled parts, (1) a turbine specific portion, independent of the site and (2) a site-specific description of environmental variables. We consider contextually appropriate probability models to describe the turbine specific response for extreme loads or fatigue. The site-specific portion is described by a joint probability distribution of a vector of environmental variables, which characterize the wind process at the hub-height of the wind turbine. Several approaches are considered for combining the two portions to obtain an estimate of the extreme load, e.g., 50-year loads or fatigue damage. We assess the efficacy of these models to obtain accurate estimates, including various levels of epistemic uncertainty, of the turbine response.
Fitzwater, LeRoy M. (Stanford University, Stanford, CA)
Studies in ion source development for application in heavy ion fusion
Ion Sources for Heavy Ion Fusion Applications . Ph.D.Sources for Heavy Ion Fusion . Proceedings of the ParticleDevelopment for Heavy Ion Fusion. Wollnik, H. , Optics of
Kapica, Jonathan G.
Development, characterization, and application of a charged particle microbeam for radiobiological research
The goal of this work is to develop a charged-particle microbeam for use in radiobiological research at the MIT Laboratory for Accelerator Beam Applications (LABA). The purpose of this device is to precisely explore the ...
Folkert, Michael R. (Michael Ryan), 1975-
Preliminary results on the empirical applicability of the Tsallis distribution in elastic hadron scattering
We show that the proton-proton elastic differential cross section data at dip position and beyond can be quite well described by a parametrization based on the Tsallis distribution, with only five free fit parameters. Extrapolation of the results obtained at 7 TeV to large momentum transfer, suggests that hadrons may not behave as a black-disk at the asymptotic energy region.
Fagundes, D. A.; Menon, M. J.; Silva, P. V. [Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP 13083-859 Campinas, SP (Brazil)
Application of the TEMPEST computer code for simulating hydrogen distribution in model containment structures. [PWR; BWR
In this study several aspects of simulating hydrogen distribution in geometric configurations relevant to reactor containment structures were investigated using the TEMPEST computer code. Of particular interest was the performance of the TEMPEST turbulence model in a density-stratified environment. Computed results illustrated that the TEMPEST numerical procedures predicted the measured phenomena with good accuracy under a variety of conditions and that the turbulence model used is a viable approach in complex turbulent flow simulation.
Trent, D.S.; Eyler, L.L.
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION 1 A Review on Distributed Application Processing
offload computational intensive applications to remote servers by employing different cloud models SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION remote server nodes. Current offloading procedures employ Provider UMSC Universal Mobile Service Cell URL Uniform Resource Locator VM Virtual Machine Wi-Fi Wireless
Melbourne, University of
The processing rate of Savannah River Site (SRS) high-level waste decontamination processes are limited by the flow rate of the solid-liquid separation. The baseline process, using a 0.1 micron cross-flow filter, produces {approx}0.02 gpm/sq. ft. of filtrate under expected operating conditions. Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) demonstrated significantly higher filter flux for actual waste samples using a small-scale rotary filter. With funding from the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Cleanup Technology, SRNL personnel are evaluating and developing the rotary microfilter for radioactive service at SRS. The authors improved the design for the disks and filter unit to make them suitable for high-level radioactive service. They procured two units using the new design, tested them with simulated SRS wastes, and evaluated the operation of the units. Work to date provides the following conclusions and program status: (1) The authors modified the design of the filter disks to remove epoxy and Ryton{reg_sign}. The new design includes welding both stainless steel and ceramic coated stainless steel filter media to a stainless steel support plate. The welded disks were tested in the full-scale unit. They showed good reliability and met filtrate quality requirements. (2) The authors modified the design of the unit, making installation and removal easier. The new design uses a modular, one-piece filter stack that is removed simply by disassembly of a flange on the upper (inlet) side of the filter housing. All seals and rotary unions are contained within the removable stack. (3) While it is extremely difficult to predict the life of the seal, the vendor representative indicates a minimum of one year in present service conditions is reasonable. Changing the seal face material from silicon-carbide to a graphite-impregnated silicon-carbide is expected to double the life of the seal. Replacement of the current seal with an air seal could increase the lifetime to 5 years and is undergoing testing in the current work. (4) The bottom bushing showed wear due to a misalignment during the manufacture of the filter tank. Replacing the graphite bushing with a more wear resistant material such as a carbide material will increase the lifetime of the bushing. This replacement requires a more wear resistant part or coating to prevent excessive wear of the shaft. The authors are currently conducting testing with the more wear resistant bushing. (5) The project team plans to use the rotary microfilter as a filter in advance of an ion exchange process under development for potential deployment in SRS waste tank risers.
Poirier, M; David Herman, D; Samuel Fink, S
White Light Emitting Diode Development for General Illumination Applications
This report contains a summary of technical achievements during a 3-year project aimed at developing the chip and packaging technology necessary to demonstrate efficient, high flux light-emitting diode (LED) arrays using Cree's gallium nitride/silicon carbide (GaN/SiC) LED technology as the starting point. Novel chip designs and fabrication processes are described that led to high power blue LEDs that achieved 310 mW of light output at 350 mA drive current, corresponding to quantum and wall plug efficiencies of 32.5% and 26.5%, respectively. When combined with phosphor, high power white LEDs with luminous output of 67 lumens and efficacy of 57 lumens per watt were also demonstrated. Advances in packaging technology are described that enabled compact, multi-chip white LED lamp modules with 800-1000 lumens output at efficacies of up to 55 lumens per watt. Lamp modules with junction-to-ambient thermal resistance as low as 1.7 C/watt have also been demonstrated.
James Ibbetson
Concentrated purchasing patterns of plug-in vehicles may result in localized distribution transformer overload scenarios. Prolonged periods of transformer overloading causes service life decrements, and in worst-case scenarios, results in tripped thermal relays and residential service outages. This analysis will review distribution transformer load models developed in the IEC 60076 standard, and apply the model to a neighborhood with plug-in hybrids. Residential distribution transformers are sized such that night-time cooling provides thermal recovery from heavy load conditions during the daytime utility peak. It is expected that PHEVs will primarily be charged at night in a residential setting. If not managed properly, some distribution transformers could become overloaded, leading to a reduction in transformer life expectancy, thus increasing costs to utilities and consumers. A Monte-Carlo scheme simulated each day of the year, evaluating 100 load scenarios as it swept through the following variables: number of vehicle per transformer, transformer size, and charging rate. A general method for determining expected transformer aging rate will be developed, based on the energy needs of plug-in vehicles loading a residential transformer.
Kuss, M.; Markel, T.; Kramer, W.
Developing A Data Set for Modeling Distributed Resource Devices in Electric Power System Simulations
Advances in distributed resource (DR) technologies and the restructuring of the electric utility industry are encouraging increased use of DR in power systems. For DR to realize full potential, however, it must be carefully integrated into the power system. This report provides a preliminary data set of DR device characteristics for use in simulation tools to model electric power systems incorporating varying levels of distributed generation and storage.
Review of Weld Repair Options for Grade 91, Part 2: Damage Development and Distribution
This report reviews the likely creep damage distributions in weld repairs in Grade 91 steel. Information is provided in terms of the various weld metals that may be used, including nickel-based, matching P91 (B9), and standard P9 (B8) weld metals. The different damage distributions for each type, with associated implications for nondestructive evaluation, are discussed. In particular, the limitations of using surface ...
Applications of nuclear reaction analysis for determining hydrogen and deuterium distribution in metals
The use of ion beams for materials analysis has made a successful transition from the domain of the particle physicist to that of the materials scientist. The subcategory of this field, nuclear reaction analysis, is just now undergoing the transition, particularly in applications to hydrogen in materials. The materials scientist must locate the nearest accelerator, because now he will find that using it can solve mysteries that do not yield to other techniques. 9 figures
Altstetter, C.J.
Integrated Technology for Distribution Systems Applications: Survey and Testing of Voltage Detecting/Indicating Devices for AC Power Lines
This report summarizes product reviews and testing commercially available voltage-sensing devices used to detect energized electric distribution lines, with particular focus on minimum detection and indication performance. To adequately detect line energization across the entire spectrum of possible voltage levels on a power line (from 40 Vac to full line voltage), multiple devices are currently necessary. The ideal improvement to address current gaps in voltage sensing would be the development of a ...
Distributed Intelligent Agents for Decision Making at Local Distributed
Distributed Intelligent Agents for Decision Making at Local Distributed Distributed Intelligent Agents for Decision Making at Local Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Levels Speaker(s): David Cohen Date: June 3, 2005 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Peng Xu Our goals are to develop and commercialize a system of adaptive, intelligent software components which run at distributed locations (DER-level) on the energy network to improve the reliability, efficiency, and security of the U.S. electrical distribution network. We are developing GridAgents, an enabling software technology framework and platform using a distributed multi-agent systems approach for advanced communications and control capabilities (large- scale automated demand response, distribution automation control, and Microgrid control applications). For more
A Distributed Video Retrieval System Utilising Broadband Networked PC_s for Educational Applications
Conventional educational material is ever more complemented with computer-based multimedia material. In order to make this material available to teachers and students in a structured manner, we developed a multimedia database and accompanying tools for ...
Frank Van Reeth; Chris Raymaekers; Peter Trekels; Stefan Verkoyen; Eddy Flerackers
Development of a 70-kW Gas Turbine System as Prime Mover for Multiple Applications
A new, natural-gas-fueled microturbine has been developed for powering cogeneration, cooling systems, and other commercial and light-industrial applications. Compared to internal combustion (reciprocating) engines of similar size, the new microturbine offers customers attractive economics by reducing installation and maintenance costs. This report discusses market forces behind development of this technology and current performance and economics.
Development of Wind Speed Forecasting Model Based on the Weibull Probability Distribution
Wind is a variable energy source. The power output of a wind turbine generator (WTG) unit, therefore, fluctuates with wind speed variations. Accurate models reflecting the variability of wind speed is hence required in both reliability evaluation of ... Keywords: Wind Energy, Wind Speed Forecasting Model, Weibull Distribution, Maximum Likelihood Method, Time Series Model
Ruigang Wang; Wenyi Li; B. Bagen
Developing a secure distributed OSGI cloud computing infrastructure for sharing health records
Cloud Computing has become an emerging computing paradigm which brings new opportunities and challenges to overcome. While the cloud provides seemingly limitless scalability and an alternative to expensive data center infrastructure, it raises new issues ... Keywords: cloud computing, cloud security, distributed OSGi, electronic healthcare records
Sabah Mohammed; Daniel Servos; Jinan Fiaidhi
Remote three-dimensional temperature sensing using planar laser induced fluorescence : development and applications to microwave heated liquids
Microwave heating is an important technology that has been hampered in application by difficulties in measuring temperatures and temperature distributions during the microwave heating process. This thesis describes the ...
Finegan, Timothy Michael
Development and Integration of CRAFT in Distributed Energy Management system Environment
CRAFT (Customer Restoration and Fault Testing), an on-line expert system, is currently operating in the control center at Puget Sound Power & Light Company. CRAFT is tightly integrated with the energy management system (EMS) and appears as an EMS application to the dispatchers.
Empirically assessing the impact of dependency injection on the development of web service applications
Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) has been broadly conceived as the next big thing in distributed software development. The software industry has embraced SOC through Web Services -functionality that is accessible via ubiquitous protocols such as HTTP-. ... Keywords: code-first outsourcing, dependency injection, service-oriented computing, text mining, web Services
Marco Crasso; Cristian Mateo; Alejandro Zunino; Marcelo Campo
Development and Applications Of Photosensitive Device Systems To Studies Of Biological And Organic Materials
The primary focus of the grant is the development of new x-ray detectors for biological and materials work at synchrotron sources, especially Pixel Array Detectors (PADs), and the training of students via research applications to problems in biophysics and materials science using novel x-ray methods. This Final Progress Report provides a high-level overview of the most important accomplishments. These major areas of accomplishment include: (1) Development and application of x-ray Pixel Array Detectors; (2) Development and application of methods of high pressure x-ray crystallography as applied to proteins; (3) Studies on the synthesis and structure of novel mesophase materials derived from block co-polymers.
Gruner, Sol
Abstract--Distribution factors play a key role in many system security analysis and market applications. The injection shift
1 Abstract-- Distribution factors play a key role in many system security analysis and market of the other distribution factors. The line outage distribution factors (LODFs) may be computed using the ISFs distribution factors, line outage distribution factors, multiple-line outages, system security. I. INTRODUCTION
Development and Tests of a New Distributed-Memory MM5 Adjoint
Updated versions of the Tangent Linear Model (TLM) and adjoint of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University�National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) have been developed and are now available to the meteorological ...
Frank H. Ruggiero; John Michalakes; Thomas Nehrkorn; George D. Modica; Xiaolei Zou
Software component quality prediction in the legacy product development environment using Weibull and other mathematical distributions
Software component quality has a major influence in software development project performances such as lead-time, time to market and cost. It also affects the other projects within the organization, the people assigned into the projects and the organization ...
Lovre Hribar
Bechtel, together with Amax Research and Development Center (Amax R&D), has prepared this study which provides conceptual cost estimates for the production of premium quality coal-water slurry fuel (CWF) in a commercial plant. Two scenarios are presented, one using column flotation technology and the other the selective agglomeration to clean the coal to the required quality specifications. This study forms part of US Department of Energy program ?Engineering Development of Advanced Physical Fine Coal Cleaning for Premium Fuel Applications,? (Contract No. DE-AC22- 92PC92208), under Task 11, Project Final Report. The primary objective of the Department of Energy program is to develop the design base for prototype commercial advanced fine coal cleaning facilities capable of producing ultra-clean coals suitable for conversion to stable and highly loaded CWF. The fuels should contain less than 2 lb ash/MBtu (860 grams ash/GJ) of HHV and preferably less than 1 lb ash/MBtu (430 grams ash/GJ). The advanced fine coal cleaning technologies to be employed are advanced column froth flotation and selective agglomeration. It is further stipulated that operating conditions during the advanced cleaning process should recover not less than 80 percent of the carbon content (heating value) in the run-of-mine source coal. These goals for ultra-clean coal quality are to be met under the constraint that annualized coal production costs does not exceed $2.5 /MBtu ($ 2.37/GJ), including the mine mouth cost of the raw coal. A further objective of the program is to determine the distribution of a selected suite of eleven toxic trace elements between product CWF and the refuse stream of the cleaning processes. Laboratory, bench-scale and Process Development Unit (PDU) tests to evaluate advanced column flotation and selective agglomeration were completed earlier under this program with selected coal samples. A PDU with a capacity of 2 st/h was designed by Bechtel and installed at Amax R&D, Golden, Colorado by Entech Global for process evaluation tests. The tests successfully demonstrated the capability of advanced column flotation as well as selective agglomeration to produce ultra-clean coal at specified levels of purity and recovery efficiency. Test results and the experience gained during the operation of the PDU have provided valuable insights into the processes studied. Based on the design data obtained from the test work and a set of project design criteria, two sets of conceptual designs for commercial CWF production plants have been developed, one using column flotation and the other using selective agglomeration process. Using these designs, Capital as well as Operating and Maintenance (O&M) cost estimates for the plants have been compiled. These estimates have then been used to derive the annualized cost of production of premium CWF on a commercial scale. Further, a series of sensitivity analysis have been completed to evaluate the effects of variations in selected cost components and process parameters on the overall economics of premium fuel production
Disens: scalable distributed sensor network simulation
Simulation is widely used for developing, evaluating and analyzing sensor network applications, especially when deploying a large scale sensor network remains expensive and labor intensive. However, due to its computation intensive nature, existent simulation ... Keywords: distributed simulation, sensor network, simulation
Ye Wen; Rich Wolski; Gregory Moore
Development and Application of Gas Sensing Technologies to Enable Boiler Balancing
01/2004 Development and Application of Gas Sensing Technologies to Enable Boiler Balancing to monitor total NOx (0-1000 ppm), CO (0-1000 ppm) and O2 (1-15%) within the convective pass of the boiler of such sensor systems will dramatically alter how boilers are operated, since much of the emissions creation
Dutta, Prabir K.
Collaborative Development of an Augmented Reality Application for Digestive and Circulatory Systems Teaching
Augmented Reality (AR) appears as a promising technology to improve students motivation and interest and support the learning and teaching process in educational contexts. We present the collaborative development of an AR application to support the teaching ... Keywords: component, education, augmented reality, mixed reality, interactive 3D graphics, virtual learning environment (VLE), edutainment, circulatory system, digestive system
David P�rez-L�pez; Manuel Contero; Marianno Alcaniz
Development of a Beowulf-Class High Performance Computing System for Computational Science Applications
Using Beowulf cluster computing technology, the Ateneo High Performance Computing Group has developed a high performance computing system consisting of eight compute nodes. Called the AGILA HPCS this Beowulf cluster computer is designed for computational science applications. In this paper, we present the motivation for the AGILA HPCS and some results on its performance evaluation.
Rafael Salda�a; Jerrold Garcia; Felix Muga Ii; William Yu
Earth Observation application development based on the Grid oriented ESIP satellite image processing platform
Satellite images supply important information on earth surface, weather, clime, geographic areas, vegetation, and natural phenomena. Processing of satellite data requires high computation resources and flexible tools in order to search, discover, and ... Keywords: Grid application development methodology, Grid based processing, Satellite imagery, Web service composition, Workflow
Dorian Gorgan; Victor Bacu; Teodor Stefanut; Denisa Rodila; Danut Mihon
Validation of the Algorithms Developed for Preliminary Prediction of Daylight Distribution in a Toplighted Atrium
Empirically based preliminary prediction algorithms were recently developed for different atrium types under various diffuse sky conditions. In the case of toplighted atriums, these algorithms were developed to predict light levels on the horizontal floor and on the vertical wall surfaces of the atrium. However, the actual building atriums measured to assess these algorithms in a full-scale setting were four stories high or lower. This study presents an investigation of the validity of the developed algorithms using full-scale measurements in two four-sided toplighted atriums 11 and 14 stories high respectively. The measurements were made over several days in the two large atriums of the Anatole Hotel in Dallas, Texas. These data are compared with the algorithm predictions, and the usefulness of the prediction models is discussed.
Boubekri, M.; Atif, M. R.; Boyer, L. L.
The Development of a Smart Distribution Grid Testbed for Integrated Information Management Systems
This paper presents a smart distribution grid testbed to test or compare designs of integrated information management systems (I2MSs). An I2MS extracts and synthesizes information from a wide range of data sources to detect abnormal system behaviors, identify possible causes, assess the system status, and provide grid operators with response suggestions. The objective of the testbed is to provide a modeling environment with sufficient data sources for the I2MS design. The testbed includes five information layers and a physical layer; it generates multi-layer chronological data based on actual measurement playbacks or simulated data sets produced by the physical layer. The testbed models random hardware failures, human errors, extreme weather events, and deliberate tampering attempts to allow users to evaluate the performance of different I2MS designs. Initial results of I2MS performance tests showed that the testbed created a close-to-real-world environment that allowed key performance metrics of the I2MS to be evaluated.
Lu, Ning; Du, Pengwei; Paulson, Patrick R.; Greitzer, Frank L.; Guo, Xinxin; Hadley, Mark D.
FLASH Code, Development and Applications: an Open Source Tool for HEDP |
FLASH Code, Development and Applications: an Open Source Tool for HEDP FLASH Code, Development and Applications: an Open Source Tool for HEDP Event Sponsor: Computation Institute Presentation Start Date: Dec 19 2013 - 12:30pm Building/Room: SEARLE 240A, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue - This talk will be broadcast via Adobe Connect (see below) Location: University of Chicago Speaker(s): Petros Tzeferacos Speaker(s) Title: University of Chicago Host: Don Lamb In this talk I will present recent and future developments of FLASH, an open source, multi-physics, finite-volume, shock capturing code with a broad range of capabilities. The code has recently been extended to tackle high-energy physics (HEDP) problems, such as laser-driven laboratory experiments, transforming it into a powerful tool for the HEDP community, both in academia and national labs. I will discuss the implementation and
Beyond 3-D X-ray Imaging: Methodology Development and Applications in
Beyond 3-D X-ray Imaging: Methodology Development and Applications in Beyond 3-D X-ray Imaging: Methodology Development and Applications in Material Science Thursday, September 6, 2012 - 10:45am SLAC, Bldg. 137, Room 226 Yijin Liu Seminar There was a revolutionary development of X-ray imaging over the past few decades. The most substantial advancements in this field are closely related to the availability of the new generation of X-ray sources and the advanced X-ray optics. The advanced X-ray Optics along with novel methodology has made it possible to extract information that is related to different interactions between the X-rays and the specimen at very fine spatial resolution. The energy tunability of the X-rays has made it possible to combine the energy scan with imaging technique. And the brilliance of the X-ray source has made it practical for many sophisticated
Identifying gas species and their quantification is important for optimization of many industrial applications involving high temperatures, including combustion processes. CISM (Center for Industrial Sensors and Measurements) at the Ohio State University has developed CO, O{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, and CO{sub 2} sensors based on TiO{sub 2} semiconducting oxides, zirconia and lithium phosphate based electrochemical sensors and sensor arrays for high-temperature emission control. The underlying theme in our sensor development has been the use of materials science and chemistry to promote high-temperature performance with selectivity. A review article presenting key results of our studies on CO, NO{sub x}, CO{sub 2} and O{sub 2} sensors is described in: Akbar, Sheikh A.; Dutta, Prabir K. Development and Application of Gas Sensing Technologies for Combustion Processes, PowerPlant Chemistry, 9(1) 2006, 28-33.
Dutta, Prabir
Developing Market Opportunities for Flexible Rooftop Applications of PV Using Flexible CIGS Technology: Market Considerations
There has been a recent upsurge in developments for building-integrated phototovoltaics (BiPV) roof top materials based on CIGS. Several new companies have increased their presence and are looking to bring products to market for this application in 2011. For roof-top application, there are significant key requirements beyond just having good conversion efficiency. Other attributes include lightweight, as well as moisture-proof, and fully functionally reliable. The companies bringing these new BIPV/BAPV products need to ensure functionality with a rigorous series of tests, and have an extensive set of 'torture' tests to validate the capability. There is a convergence of form, aesthetics, and physics to ensure that the CIGS BiPV deliver on their promises. This article will cover the developments in this segment of the BiPV market and delve into the specific tests and measurements needed to characterize the products. The potential market sizes are evaluated and the technical considerations developed.
Sabnani, L.; Skumanich, A.; Ryabova, E.; Noufi, R.
Task 21 - Development of Systems Engineering Applications for Decontamination and Decommissioning Activities
The objectives of this task are to: Develop a model (paper) to estimate the cost and waste generation of cleanup within the Environmental Management (EM) complex; Identify technologies applicable to decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) operations within the EM complex; Develop a database of facility information as linked to project baseline summaries (PBSs). The above objectives are carried out through the following four subtasks: Subtask 1--D and D Model Development, Subtask 2--Technology List; Subtask 3--Facility Database, and Subtask 4--Incorporation into a User Model.
Erickson, T.A.
Research and Development of Information on Geothermal Direct Heat Application Projects
This is the first annual report of ICF's geothermal R&D project for the Department of Energy's Idaho Operations Office. The overall objective of this project is to compile, analyze, and report on data from geothermal direct heat application projects. Ultimately, this research should convey the information developed through DOE's and Program Opportunity Notice (PON) activities as well as through other pioneering geothermal direct heat application projects to audiences which can use the early results in new, independent initiatives. A key audience is potential geothermal investors.
Hederman, William F., Jr.; Cohen, Laura A.
Non-classical transport with angular-dependent path-length distributions. 2: Application to pebble bed reactor cores
We describe an analysis of neutron transport in the interior of model pebble bed reactor (PBR) cores, considering both crystal and random pebble arrangements. Monte Carlo codes were developed for (i) generating random realizations of the model PBR core, and (ii) performing neutron transport inside the crystal and random heterogeneous cores; numerical results are presented for two different choices of material parameters. These numerical results are used to investigate the anisotropic behavior of neutrons in each case and to assess the accuracy of estimates for the diffusion coefficients obtained with the diffusion approximations of different models: the atomic mix model, the Behrens correction, the Lieberoth correction, the generalized linear Boltzmann equation (GLBE), and the new GLBE with angular-dependent path-length distributions. This new theory utilizes a non-classical form of the Boltzmann equation in which the locations of the scattering centers in the system are correlated and the distance-to-collision is not exponentially distributed; this leads to an anisotropic diffusion equation. We show that the results predicted using the new GLBE theory are extremely accurate, correctly identifying the anisotropic diffusion in each case and greatly outperforming the other models for the case of random systems.
Richard Vasques; Edward W. Larsen
Biobased Surfactants and Detergents Synthesis, Properties, and ApplicationsChapter 4 Advances in Bioprocess Development of Rhamnolipid and Sophorolipid Production
Biobased Surfactants and Detergents Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Chapter 4 Advances in Bioprocess Development of Rhamnolipid and Sophorolipid Production Surfactants and Detergents eChapters Surfactants - Detergents Press
Development and Testing of a 6-Cylinder HCCI Engine for Distributed Generation
This paper describes the technical approach for converting a Caterpillar 3406 natural gas spark ignited engine into HCCI mode. The paper describes all stages of the process, starting with a preliminary analysis that determined that the engine can be operated by preheating the intake air with a heat exchanger that recovers energy from the exhaust gases. This heat exchanger plays a dual role, since it is also used for starting the engine. For start-up, the heat exchanger is preheated with a natural gas burner. The engine is therefore started in HCCI mode, avoiding the need to handle the potentially difficult transition from SI or diesel mode to HCCI. The fueling system was modified by replacing the natural gas carburetor with a liquid petroleum gas (LPG) carburetor. This modification sets an upper limit for the equivalence ratio at {phi} {approx} 0.4, which is ideal for HCCI operation and guarantees that the engine will not fail due to knock. Equivalence ratio can be reduced below 0.4 for low load operation with an electronic control valve. Intake boosting has been a challenge, as commercially available turbochargers are not a good match for the engine, due to the low HCCI exhaust temperature. Commercial introduction of HCCI engines for stationary power will therefore require the development of turbochargers designed specifically for this mode of operation. Considering that no appropriate off-the-shelf turbocharger for HCCI engines exists at this time, we are investigating mechanical supercharging options, which will deliver the required boost pressure (3 bar absolute intake) at the expense of some reduction in the output power and efficiency. An appropriate turbocharger can later be installed for improved performance when it becomes available or when a custom turbocharger is developed. The engine is now running in HCCI mode and producing power in an essentially naturally aspirated mode. Current work focuses on developing an automatic controller for obtaining consistent combustion in the 6 cylinders. The engine will then be tested for 1000 hours to demonstrate durability. This paper presents intermediate progress towards development of an HCCI engine for stationary power generation and next steps towards achieving the project goals.
Flowers, D L; Martinez-Frias, J; Espinosa-Loza, F; Killingsworth, N; Aceves, S M; Dibble, R; Kristic, M; Bining, A
Hydrogen storage for vehicular applications: Technology status and key development areas
The state-of-the-art of hydrogen storage technology is reviewed, including gaseous, liquid, hydride, surface adsorbed media, glass microsphere, chemical reaction, and liquid chemical technologies. The review of each technology includes a discussion of advantages, disadvantages, likelihood of success, and key research and development activities. A preferred technological path for the development of effective near-term hydrogen storage includes both cur-rent DOT qualified and advanced compressed storage for down-sized highly efficient but moderate range vehicles, and liquid storage for fleet vehicle applications. Adsorbate media are also suitable for fleet applications but not for intermittent uses. Volume-optimized transition metal hydride beds are also viable for short range applications. Long-term development of coated nanoparticulate or metal matrix high conductivity magnesium alloy, is recommended. In addition, a room temperature adsorbate medium should be developed to avoid cryogenic storage requirements. Chemical storage and oxidative schemes present serious obstacles which must be addressed for these technologies to have a future role.
Robinson, S.L.; Handrock, J.L.
Distribution Screening for Distributed Generation
As the deployment of renewable distributed generation increases, the need for traditional energy providers to interact with these resources increases. Detailed modeling and simulation of the distribution and distributed resources is a critical element to better analyze, understand and predict these interactions. EPRI has developed a tool for such analysis called OpenDSS. In addition, as part of the renewable integration program an applet was created for screening distributed generation (DG). This report ...
Regulatory Considerations for Developing Distributed Generation Projects Webinar May 23, 2012
Jay Morrison Jay Morrison Vice President, Regulatory Issues National Rural Electric Cooperative Association email@example.com Susan Kelly General Counsel, Senior Vice President American Public Power Association email@example.com DG penetration rates are increasing rapidly Careful selection of business model can maximize value for all participants by: Maximizing access to government incentives Maximize access to all available value streams for the developer, customer, and utility Minimize regulatory burdens for all parties Provide win-win-win solution 2 What size generator? What fuel or energy source? Does it include storage? Who pays the up-front cost of the generator? Who owns the generator? Who operates the generator?
Application of the Wigner�Ville Distribution to Temperature Gradient Microstructure: A New Technique to Study Small-Scale Variations
The Wigner�Ville distribution, a new tool in the time�frequency analysis of signals, is applied to temperature gradient microstructure records. In particular, the Wigner�Ville distribution is used to compute the local instantaneous and maximum ...
J�rg Imberger; Boualem Boashash
CSP 586: Software Modeling and Development with UML Jim Conallen. Building Web Applications with UML, Addison-Wesley
CSP 586: Software Modeling and Development with UML Texts Jim Conallen. Building Web Applications · UML for Web Design 3 hours Total 45 hours CSP 586: Software Modeling and Development with UML 1 of 1
Heller, Barbara
Application of commercial best practices for new technology development within the constraints of defense contract funded R&D
This thesis explores the application of commercial best practices for new technology development within the constraints of the defense contract funded research and development (R&D) environment. Key elements of successful ...
Davis, Monica K. (Monica Karin)
GIS/GPS Workshop '99: Applications and Developments for Electric Utilities
This report documents a 1999 EPRI workshop on recent geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) applications and developments relevant to electric utilities. The workshop content centered around the current state of the art in GIS and GPS technology suited to the planning, design, and management of power delivery assets. Contained in the report are the workshop agenda, lists of presenters and attendees, copies of the workshop presentations, and a summary of the group discussi...
Application of powder metallurgy techniques for the development of non-toxic ammunition. Final CRADA report
The purpose of the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., and Delta Frangible Ammunition (DFA), was to identify and evaluate composite materials for the development of small arms ammunition. Currently available small arms ammunition utilizes lead as the major component of the projectile. The introduction of lead into the environment by these projectiles when they are expended is a rapidly increasing environmental problem. At certain levels, lead is a toxic metal to the environment and a continual health and safety concern for firearm users as well as those who must conduct lead recovery operations from the environment. DFA is a leading supplier of high-density mixtures, which will be used to replace lead-based ammunition in specific applications. Current non-lead ammunition has several limitations that prevent it from replacing lead-based ammunition in many applications (such as applications that require ballistics, weapon recoil, and weapon function identical to that of lead-based ammunition). The purpose of the CRADA was to perform the research and development to identify cost-effective materials to be used in small arms ammunition that eventually will be used in commercially viable, environmentally conscious, non-lead, frangible and/or non-frangible, ammunition.
Lowden, R. [Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Kelly, R. [Delta Defense, Inc., Arlington, VA (United States)
Net Metering Policy Development and Distributed Solar Generation in Minnesota: Overview of Trends in Nationwide Policy Development and Implications of Increasing the Eligible System Size Cap
The goal of the Minnesota net metering policy is to give the maximum possible encouragement to distributed generation assets, especially solar electric systems (MN 2008). However, according to a published set of best practices (NNEC 2008) that prioritize the maximum development of solar markets within states, the Minnesota policy does not incorporate many of the important best practices that may help other states transform their solar energy markets and increase the amount of grid-connected distributed solar generation assets. Reasons cited include the low system size limit of 40kW (the best practices document recommends a 2 MW limit) and a lack of language protecting generators from additional utility fees. This study was conducted to compare Minnesota's policies to national best practices. It provides an overview of the current Minnesota policy in the context of these best practices and other jurisdictions' net metering policies, as well as a qualitative assessment of the impacts of raising the system size cap within the policy based on the experiences of other states.
Doris, E.; Busche, S.; Hockett, S.
Highlights of the solar total energy systems, distributed collector systems, and research and development projects. Semiannual review, 26-27 January 1976, Atlanta, Georgia
The highlights of the ERDA Solar Thermal Branch Semiannual Review held in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 26-27, 1976, are presented. Status and plans for Total Energy Systems, Distributed Collectors, and Research and Development Projects are reviewed. (WHK)
Latta, A.F.
Application of high-energy x-rays and pair-distribution-function analysis to nano-scale structural studies in catalysis.
We investigate the structure of supported Pt catalysts using high-energy X-ray scattering coupled with Pair-Distribution-Function (PDF) analysis. Recently, experimental approaches that enable the collection of PDF data in situ have been developed with time-resolution sufficient to study the structure of Pt nano-particles as they form. The differential PDF approach is utilized which allows the atom-atom correlations involving only Pt to be selectively recovered, enabling structural investigation of the supported particles and the mechanism of their formation. In parallel to the in situ analysis, we have examined samples prepared ex situ. Data collected on the ex situ samples show that the initial deposition of Pt{sup 4+} occurs as the PtCl{sub 6}{sup 2-} species which are retained even when annealed in an oxygen atmosphere. The Pt differential PDFs of the samples reduced in hydrogen at 200 and 500 C indicated nano-crystalline face-centered-cubic (fcc) metallic Pt particles. The ex situ reduced samples also contain a weak correlations at 2.1 {angstrom}, which we assign to Pt-O interactions between the particles and the support surface. The in situ experiments, following the reduction of Pt{sup 4+} from 0 to 227 C, indicate that the initial Pt nano-particles formed are ca. 1 nm in size, and become larger and more crystalline by 200 C. The data suggest a particle growth mechanism where the initial particles that form are small (<1 nm), then agglomerate into ensembles of many small particles and lastly anneal to form larger well-ordered particles. Lastly, we discus potential future developments in operando PDF studies, and identify opportunities for synchronous application of complementary methods.
Chupas, P. J.; Chapman, K. W.; Chen, H.; Grey, C.; X-Ray Science Division; State Univ. of New York
Distribution Network Development (DND)
... Eli Lilly and Company 40. EMC2 41. Epic Games 42. Ernst & Young 43. ExxonMobil * 44. Facebook 45. Fluor 46. GE 47. GlaxoSmithKline 48. ...
Development and Usability Evaluation of an E-learning Application Using Eye-tracking
The primary goal of this research is to use eye-tracking in the development and usability evaluation of an e-learning tool called "Problem Solving Environment for Continuous Process Design" (PSE). The PSE is meant to aid engineering students in learning the design processes of automated manufacturing systems. PSE is a user-interactive Flash application which gives the user an opportunity to virtually design an automated industrial process by manipulating the parameters associated with it. PSE is evaluated using eye-tracking experiments in which users' eye movements are tracked using camera and sensors to determine users' gaze direction and fixations. The data collected from the experiment is used to determine if use of visual cues improved the usability of the PSE. Results show that use of visual cues for gaze direction improved the usability of the PSE application, based on faster task completion times and improved navigability.
Deotale, Punit Ashok
The development of advanced lead-acid batteries for utility applications
Technical advances in lead-acid battery design have created new opportunities for battery systems in telecommunications, computer backup power and vehicle propulsion power. Now the lead-acid battery has the opportunity to become a major element in the mix of technologies used by electric utilities for several power quality and energy and resource management functions within the network. Since their introduction into industrial applications, Valve Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) batteries have received widespread acceptance and use in critical telecommunications and computer installations, and have developed over 10 years of reliable operational history. As further enhancements in performance, reliability and manufacturing processes are made, these VRLA batteries are expanding the role of battery-based energy storage systems within utility companies portfolios. This paper discusses the rationale and process of designing, optimizing and testing VRLA batteries for specific utility application requirements.
Szymborski, J. [GNB Industrial Battery Co., Lombard, IL (United States); Jungst, R.G. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Development of vanadium base alloys for fusion first-wall/blanket applications
Vanadium alloys have been identified as a leading candidate material for fusion first-wall/blanket applications. Certain vanadium alloys exhibit favorable safety and environmental characteristics, good fabricability, high temperature and heat load capability, good compatibility with liquid metals and resistance to irradiation damage effects. The current focus is on vanadium alloys with (3-5)% Cr and (3-5)% Ti with a V-4Cr-4Ti alloy as the leading candidate. Preliminary results indicate that the crack-growth rates of certain alloys are not highly sensitive to irradiation. Results from the Dynamic Helium Charging Experiment (DHCE) which simulates fusion relevant helium/dpa ratios are similar to results from neutron irradiated material. This paper presents an overview of the recent results on the development of vanadium alloys for fusion first wall/blanket applications.
Smith, D.L.; Chung, H.M.; Loomis, B.A. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Matsui, H. [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan); Votinov, S. [Bochvar Institute of Inorganic Materials (Russia); VanWitzenburg, W. [Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN), Petten (Netherlands)
Electric vehicle-intelligent energy management system for frequency regulation application using a distributed, prosumer-based grid control architecture .
??The world faces the unprecedented challenge of the need change to a new energy era. The introduction of distributed renewable energy and storage together with� (more)
Sandoval, Marcelo
Full-Spectrum Correlated-k Distribution for Shortwave Atmospheric Radiative Transfer
The full-spectrum correlated k-distribution (FSCK) method, originally developed for applications in combustion systems, is adapted for use in shortwave atmospheric radiative transfer. By weighting k distributions by the solar source function, the ...
Daniel T. Pawlak; Eugene E. Clothiaux; Michael F. Modest; Jason N. S. Cole
Under its programme of self investment Internal Research and Development (IR&D), the UK's National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) is addressing the requirement for development in technology to enable hazard characterisation for nuclear decommissioning applications. Three such examples are described here: (1) RadBall developed by the NNL (patent pending) is a deployable baseball-sized radiation mapping device which can, from a single location, locate and quantify radiation hazards. RadBall offers a means to collect information regarding the magnitude and distribution of radiation in a given cell, glovebox or room to support the development of a safe, cost effective decontamination strategy. RadBall requires no electrical supplies and is relatively small, making it easy to be deployed and used to map radiation hazards in hard to reach areas. Recent work conducted in partnership with the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) is presented. (2) HiRAD (patent pending) has been developed by the NNL in partnership with Tracerco Ltd (UK). HiRAD is a real-time, remotely deployed, radiation detection device designed to operate in elevated levels of radiation (i.e. thousands and tens of thousands of Gray) as seen in parts of the nuclear industry. Like the RadBall technology, the HiRAD system does not require any electrical components, the small dimensions and flexibility of the device allow it to be positioned in difficult to access areas (such as pipe work). HiRAD can be deployed as a single detector, a chain, or as an array giving the ability to monitor large process areas. Results during the development and deployment of the technology are presented. (3) Wireless Sensor Network is a NNL supported development project led by the University of Manchester (UK) in partnership with Oxford University (UK). The project is concerned with the development of wireless sensor network technology to enable the underwater deployment and communication of miniaturised probes allowing pond monitoring and mapping. The potential uses, within the nuclear sector alone, are both numerous and significant in terms of the proceeding effort to clean up the UK's nuclear waste legacy.
Farfan, E.; Foley, T.
The Development of Severe Accident Codes at IRSN and Their Application to Support the Safety Assessment of EPR
IRSN uses a two-tier approach for development of codes analysing the course of a hypothetical severe accident (SA) in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR): on one hand, the integral code ASTEC, jointly developed by IRSN and GRS, for fast-running and complete analysis of a sequence; on the other hand, detailed codes for best-estimate analysis of some phenomena such as ICARE/CATHARE, MC3D (for steam explosion), CROCO and TONUS. They have been extensively used to support the level 2 Probabilistic Safety Assessment of the 900 MWe PWR and, in general, for the safety analysis of the French PWR. In particular the codes ICARE/CATHARE, CROCO, MEDICIS (module of ASTEC) and TONUS are used to support the safety assessment of the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR). The ICARE/CATHARE code system has been developed for the detailed evaluation of SA consequences in a PWR primary system. It is composed of the coupling of the core degradation IRSN code ICARE2 and of the thermal-hydraulics French code CATHARE2. The CFD code CROCO describes the corium flow in the spreading compartment. Heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere and to the basemat, leading to the possible formation of an upper and lower crust, basemat ablation and gas sparging through the flow are modelled. CROCO has been validated against a wide experimental basis, including the CORINE, KATS and VULCANO programs. MEDICIS simulates MCCI (Molten-Corium-Concrete-Interaction) using a lumped-parameter approach. Its models are being continuously improved through the interpretation of most MCCI experiments (OECD-CCI, ACE...). The TONUS code has been developed by IRSN in collaboration with CEA for the analysis of the hydrogen risk (both distribution and combustion) in the reactor containment. The analyses carried out to support the EPR safety assessment are based on a CFD formulation. At this purpose a low-Mach number multi-component Navier-Stokes solver is used to analyse the hydrogen distribution. Presence of air, steam and hydrogen is considered as well as turbulence, condensation and heat transfer in the containment walls. Passive auto-catalytic recombiners are also modelled. Hydrogen combustion is afterwards analysed solving the compressible Euler equations coupled with combustion models. Examples of on-going applications of these codes to the EPR safety analysis are presented to illustrate their potentialities. (authors)
Caroli, Cataldo; Bleyer, Alexandre; Bentaib, Ahmed; Chatelard, Patrick; Cranga, Michel; Van Dorsselaere, Jean-Pierre [IRSN, 31, avenue de la Division Leclerc, BP 17 - 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex (France)
Development of Zinc/Bromine Batteries for Load-Leveling Applications: Phase 2 Final Report
This report documents Phase 2 of a project to design, develop, and test a zinc/bromine battery technology for use in utility energy storage applications. The project was co-funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Power Technologies through Sandia National Laboratories. The viability of the zinc/bromine technology was demonstrated in Phase 1. In Phase 2, the technology developed during Phase 1 was scaled up to a size appropriate for the application. Batteries were increased in size from 8-cell, 1170-cm{sup 2} cell stacks (Phase 1) to 8- and then 60-cell, 2500-cm{sup 2} cell stacks in this phase. The 2500-cm{sup 2} series battery stacks were developed as the building block for large utility battery systems. Core technology research on electrolyte and separator materials and on manufacturing techniques, which began in Phase 1, continued to be investigated during Phase 2. Finally, the end product of this project was a 100-kWh prototype battery system to be installed and tested at an electric utility.
Efficient code distribution in wireless sensor networks
The need to reprogramme a wireless sensor network may arise from changing application requirements, bug fixes, or during the application development cycle. Once deployed, it will be impractical at best to reach each individual node. Thus, a scheme is ... Keywords: code distribution, compression, reprogramming, sensor networks, string distance, wireless
Niels Reijers; Koen Langendoen
Research, Development and Demonstration of Micro-CHP System for Residential Applications
ECR International and its joint venture company, Climate Energy, are at the forefront of the effort to deliver residential-scale combined heat and power (Micro-CHP) products to the USA market. Part of this substantial program is focused on the development of a new class of steam expanders that offers the potential for significantly lower costs for small-scale power generation technology. The heart of this technology is the scroll expander, a machine that has revolutionized the HVAC refrigerant compressor industry in the last 15 years. The liquid injected cogeneration (LIC) technology is at the core of the efforts described in this report, and remains an excellent option for low cost Micro-CHP systems. ECR has demonstrated in several prototype appliances that the concept for LIC can be made into a practical product. The continuing challenge is to identify economical scroll machine designs that will meet the performance and endurance requirements needed for a long life appliance application. This report describes the numerous advances made in this endeavor by ECR International. Several important advances are described in this report. Section 4 describes a marketing and economics study that integrates the technical performance of the LIC system with real-world climatic data and economic analysis to assess the practical impact that different factors have on the economic application of Micro-CHP in residential applications. Advances in the development of a working scroll steam expander are discussed in Section 5. A rigorous analytical assessment of the performance of scroll expanders, including the difficult to characterize impact of pocket to pocket flank leakage, is presented in Section 5.1. This is followed with an FEA study of the thermal and pressure induced deflections that would result from the normal operation of an advanced scroll expander. Section 6 describes the different scroll expanders and test fixtures developed during this effort. Another key technical challenge to the development of a long life LIC system is the development of a reliable and efficient steam generator. The steam generator and support equipment development is described in Section 7. Just one year ago, ECR International announced through its joint venture company, Climate Energy, that it was introducing to the USA market a new class of Micro-CHP product using the state-of-the-art Honda MCHP gas fired internal combustion (IC) engine platform. We now have installed Climate Energy Micro-CHP systems in 20 pilot demonstration sites for the 2005/2006 heating season. This breakthrough success with IC engine based systems paves the way for future advanced steam cycle Micro-CHP systems to be introduced.
Karl Mayer
Development of seal legs for atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC) applications
The use of fly ash recycle systems with bubbling atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion systems (AFBC) requires feed systems able to meter erosive, high temperature ash at up to 15-psi back pressure. Mechanical systems providing such pressure seals are complex, space consuming, and require significant maintenance to keep them operating. This report summarizes the research and development efforts leading to the successful demonstration of a seal leg system for recycling fly ash in fluidized-bed boilers. Results of this work include correlations for designing a seal leg recycle system and the application of this feed system to the TVA 160-MW AFBC demonstration plant. 27 figs., 5 tabs.
McKinsey, R.R.
Technology Development, Evaluation, and Application (TDEA) FY 1999 Progress Report, Environment, Safety, and Health (ESH) Division
This progress report presents the results of 10 projects funded ($500K) in FY99 by the Technology Development, Evaluation, and Application (TDEA) Committee of the Environment, Safety, and Health Division. Five are new projects for this year; seven projects have been completed in their third and final TDEA-funded year. As a result of their TDEA-funded projects, investigators have published thirty-four papers in professional journals, proceedings, or Los Alamos reports and presented their work at professional meetings. Supplemental funds and in-kind contributions, such as staff time, instrument use, and work space, were also provided to TDEA-funded projects by organizations external to ESH Division.
Larry G. Hoffman
Enabling distributed petascale science.
Petascale science is an end-to-end endeavour, involving not only the creation of massive datasets at supercomputers or experimental facilities, but the subsequent analysis of that data by a user community that may be distributed across many laboratories and universities. The new SciDAC Center for Enabling Distributed Petascale Science (CEDPS) is developing tools to support this end-to-end process. These tools include data placement services for the reliable, high-performance, secure, and policy-driven placement of data within a distributed science environment; tools and techniques for the construction, operation, and provisioning of scalable science services; and tools for the detection and diagnosis of failures in end-to-end data placement and distributed application hosting configurations. In each area, we build on a strong base of existing technology and have made useful progress in the first year of the project. For example, we have recently achieved order-of-magnitude improvements in transfer times (for lots of small files) and implemented asynchronous data staging capabilities; demonstrated dynamic deployment of complex application stacks for the STAR experiment; and designed and deployed end-to-end troubleshooting services. We look forward to working with SciDAC application and technology projects to realize the promise of petascale science.
Baranovski, A.; Bharathi, S.; Bresnahan, J.; chervenak, A.; Foster, I.; Fraser, D.; Freeman, T.; Gunter, D.; Jackson, K.; Keahey, K.; Kesselman, C.; Konerding, D. E.; Leroy, N.; Link, M.; Livny, M.; Miller, N.; Miller, R.; Oleynik, G.; Pearlman, L.; Schopf, J. M.; Schuler, R.; Tierney, B.; Mathematics and Computer Science; FNL; Univ. of Southern California; Univ. of Chicago; LBNL; Univ. of Wisconsin
A Mechanistic Treatment of the Dominant Soil Nitrogen Cycling Processes: Model Development, Testing, and Application
The development and initial application of a mechanistic model (TOUGHREACT-N) designed to characterize soil nitrogen (N) cycling and losses are described. The model couples advective and diffusive nutrient transport, multiple microbial biomass dynamics, and equilibrium and kinetic chemical reactions. TOUGHREACT-N was calibrated and tested against field measurements to assess pathways of N loss as either gas emission or solute leachate following fertilization and irrigation in a Central Valley, California, agricultural field as functions of fertilizer application rate and depth, and irrigation water volume. Our results, relative to the period before plants emerge, show that an increase in fertilizer rate produced a nonlinear response in terms of N losses. An increase of irrigation volume produced NO{sub 2}{sup -} and NO{sub 3}{sup -} leaching, whereas an increase in fertilization depth mainly increased leaching of all N solutes. In addition, nitrifying bacteria largely increased in mass with increasing fertilizer rate. Increases in water application caused nitrifiers and denitrifiers to decrease and increase their mass, respectively, while nitrifiers and denitrifiers reversed their spatial stratification when fertilizer was applied below 15 cm depth. Coupling aqueous advection and diffusion, and gaseous diffusion with biological processes, closely captured actual conditions and, in the system explored here, significantly clarified interpretation of field measurements.
Riley, William; Maggi, F.; Gu, C.; Riley, W.J.; Hornberger, G.M.; Venterea, R.T.; Xu, T.; Spycher, N.; Steefel, C.; Miller, N.L.; Oldenburg, C.M.
Session: Development and application of guidelines for siting, constructing, operating and monitoring wind turbines
This session at the Wind Energy and Birds/Bats workshop consisted of two presentations followed by a discussion/question and answer period. The two papers were: 'Development and Application of USFWS Guidance for Site Evaluation, Siting, Construction, Operation and Monitoring of Wind Turbines' by Albert Manville and 'Wind Power in Washington State' by Greg Hueckel. The session provided a comparison of wind project guidelines developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in May 2003 and the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife in August 2003. Questions addressed included: is there a need or desire for uniform national or state criteria; can other states learn from Washington State's example, or from the USFWS voluntary guidelines; should there be uniform requirements/guidelines/check-lists for the siting, operation, monitoring, and mitigation to prevent or minimize avian, bat, and other wildlife impacts.
Manville, Albert; Hueckel, Greg
Development of a Hybrid Compressor/Expander Module for Automotive Fuel Cell Applications
In this program TIAX LLC conducted the development of an advanced technology compressor/expander for supplying compressed air to Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells in transportation applications. The overall objective of this program was to develop a hybrid compressor/expander module, based on both scroll and high-speed turbomachinery technologies, which will combine the strengths of each technology to create a concept with superior performance at minimal size and cost. The resulting system was expected to have efficiency and pressure delivery capability comparable to that of a scroll-only machine, at significantly reduced system size and weight when compared to scroll-only designs. Based on the results of detailed designs and analyses of the critical system elements, the Hybrid Compressor/Expander Module concept was projected to deliver significant improvements in weight, volume and manufacturing cost relative to previous generation systems.
McTaggart, Paul
Center for Fuel Cell Research and Applications development phase. Final report
The deployment and operation of clean power generation is becoming critical as the energy and transportation sectors seek ways to comply with clean air standards and the national deregulation of the utility industry. However, for strategic business decisions, considerable analysis is required over the next few years to evaluate the appropriate application and value added from this emerging technology. To this end the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) is proposing a three-year industry-driven project that centers on the creation of ``The Center for Fuel Cell Research and Applications.`` A collaborative laboratory housed at and managed by HARC, the Center will enable a core group of six diverse participating companies--industry participants--to investigate the economic and operational feasibility of proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells in a variety of applications (the core project). This document describes the unique benefits of a collaborative approach to PEM applied research, among them a shared laboratory concept leading to cost savings and shared risks as well as access to outstanding research talent and lab facilities. It also describes the benefits provided by implementing the project at HARC, with particular emphasis on HARC`s history of managing successful long-term research projects as well as its experience in dealing with industry consortia projects. The Center is also unique in that it will not duplicate the traditional university role of basic research or that of the fuel cell industry in developing commercial products. Instead, the Center will focus on applications, testing, and demonstration of fuel cell technology.
The ASME construction code books specify materials and fabrication procedures that are acceptable for pressure technology applications. However, with few exceptions, the materials properties provided in the ASME code books provide no statistics or other information pertaining to material variability. Such information is central to the prediction and prevention of failure events. Many sources of materials data exist that provide variability information but such sources do not necessarily represent a consensus of experts with respect to the reported trends that are represented. Such a need has been identified by the ASME Standards Technology, LLC and initial steps have been taken to address these needs: however, these steps are limited to project-specific applications only, such as the joint DOE-ASME project on materials for Generation IV nuclear reactors. In contrast to light-water reactor technology, the experience base for the Generation IV nuclear reactors is somewhat lacking and heavy reliance must be placed on model development and predictive capability. The database for model development is being assembled and includes existing code alloys such as alloy 800H and 9Cr-1Mo-V steel. Ownership and use rights are potential barriers that must be addressed.
Swindeman, Robert W [ORNL; Ren, Weiju [ORNL
Raftery Group NMR Probe Development Program The Raftery group has made a number of developments in NMR probes for analytical NMR applications.
Raftery Group NMR Probe Development Program The Raftery group has made a number of developments in NMR probes for analytical NMR applications. Shown below are some of the advances made over the past several years. Dual Volume Double Resonance Microcoil NMR Probe Dual Coil probe has the upper coil
Raftery, Dan
Table 6 Typical applications of duplex stainless steels...salt evaporation equipment, desalination plants, geothermal
Table 3 Wear-, erosion-, and corrosion-resistance applications of CVD...against neutron radiation
Analytical methods to evaluate flux distributions from point-focus collectors for solar furnace and dish engine applications.
This paper introduces a new analytical 'stretch' function that accurately predicts the flux distribution from on-axis point-focus collectors. Different dish sizes and slope errors can be assessed using this analytical function with a ratio of the focal length to collector diameter fixed at 0.6 to yield the maximum concentration ratio. Results are compared to data, and the stretch function is shown to provide more accurate flux distributions than other analytical methods employing cone optics.
Khalsa, Siri Sahib; Siegel, Nathan Phillip; Ho, Clifford Kuofei
Development of a Multiscale Ionized Gas (MIG) Flow Code for Plasma Applications Subrata Roy Datta V. Gaitonde
dynamics, electromagnetics, chemical kinetics and molecular physics amongst others. A finite element basedDevelopment of a Multiscale Ionized Gas (MIG) Flow Code for Plasma Applications Subrata Roy Datta V applications including space propulsion thrusters and high-speed air vehicles. These are of considerable
Roy, Subrata
Aspects of gas turbine development with emphasis on applications in South Africa are discussed. A review of developmental work in various parts of the world on coal burning turbines is presented and local efforts on conventional combustion chambers and resonant combustion systems are outlined. The possible applications of gas turbines to nuclear reactors in South Africa are also examined. (J.R.D.)
Grant, W.L.; Roux, A.J.A.
Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration
The Nature Conservancy is participating in a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to explore the compatibility of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The title of the research project is ''Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration''. The objectives of the project are to: (1) improve carbon offset estimates produced in both the planning and implementation phases of projects; (2) build valid and standardized approaches to estimate project carbon benefits at a reasonable cost; and (3) lay the groundwork for implementing cost-effective projects, providing new testing ground for biodiversity protection and restoration projects that store additional atmospheric carbon. This Technical Progress Report discusses preliminary results of the six specific tasks that The Nature Conservancy is undertaking to answer research needs while facilitating the development of real projects with measurable greenhouse gas reductions. The research described in this report occurred between April 1st and July 30th 2006. The specific tasks discussed include: Task 1: carbon inventory advancements; Task 2: emerging technologies for remote sensing of terrestrial carbon; Task 3: baseline method development; Task 4: third-party technical advisory panel meetings; Task 5: new project feasibility studies; and Task 6: development of new project software screening tool.
Bill Stanley; Sandra Brown; Patrick Gonzalez; Brent Sohngen; Neil Sampson; Mark Anderson; Miguel Calmon; Sean Grimland; Ellen Hawes; Zoe Kant; Dan Morse; Sarah Woodhouse Murdock; Arlene Olivero; Tim Pearson; Sarah Walker; Jon Winsten; Chris Zganjar
The Nature Conservancy is participating in a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to explore the compatibility of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The title of the research projects is ''Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration''. The objectives of the project are to: (1) improve carbon offset estimates produced in both the planning and implementation phases of projects; (2) build valid and standardized approaches to estimate project carbon benefits at a reasonable cost; and (3) lay the groundwork for implementing cost-effective projects, providing new testing ground for biodiversity protection and restoration projects that store additional atmospheric carbon. This Technical Progress Report discusses preliminary results of the six specific tasks that The Nature Conservancy is undertaking to answer research needs while facilitating the development of real projects with measurable greenhouse gas impacts. The specific tasks discussed include: Task 1: carbon inventory advancements; Task 2: advanced videography testing; Task 3: baseline method development; Task 4: third-party technical advisory panel meetings; Task 5: new project feasibility studies; and Task 6: development of new project software screening tool.
Bill Stanley; Sandra Brown; Ellen Hawes; Zoe Kant; Miguel Calmon; Gilberto Tiepolo
The Nature Conservancy is participating in a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to explore the compatibility of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The title of the research project is ''Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration''. The objectives of the project are to: (1) improve carbon offset estimates produced in both the planning and implementation phases of projects; (2) build valid and standardized approaches to estimate project carbon benefits at a reasonable cost; and (3) lay the groundwork for implementing cost-effective projects, providing new testing ground for biodiversity protection and restoration projects that store additional atmospheric carbon. This Technical Progress Report discusses preliminary results of the six specific tasks that The Nature Conservancy is undertaking to answer research needs while facilitating the development of real projects with measurable greenhouse gas impacts. The research described in this report occurred between July 1, 2002 and June 30, 2003. The specific tasks discussed include: Task 1: carbon inventory advancements; Task 2: remote sensing for carbon analysis; Task 3: baseline method development; Task 4: third-party technical advisory panel meetings; Task 5: new project feasibility studies; and Task 6: development of new project software screening tool.
Bill Stanley; Sandra Brown; Patrick Gonzalez; Zoe Kant; Gilberto Tiepolo; Wilber Sabido; Ellen Hawes; Jenny Henman; Miguel Calmon; Michael Ebinger
The Nature Conservancy is participating in a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to explore the compatibility of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The title of the research project is ''Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration''. The objectives of the project are to: (1) improve carbon offset estimates produced in both the planning and implementation phases of projects; (2) build valid and standardized approaches to estimate project carbon benefits at a reasonable cost; and (3) lay the groundwork for implementing cost-effective projects, providing new testing ground for biodiversity protection and restoration projects that store additional atmospheric carbon. This Technical Progress Report discusses preliminary results of the six specific tasks that The Nature Conservancy is undertaking to answer research needs while facilitating the development of real projects with measurable greenhouse gas reductions. The research described in this report occurred between April 1st , 2005 and June 30th, 2005. The specific tasks discussed include: Task 1: carbon inventory advancements; Task 2: emerging technologies for remote sensing of terrestrial carbon; Task 3: baseline method development; Task 4: third-party technical advisory panel meetings; Task 5: new project feasibility studies; and Task 6: development of new project software screening tool.
Bill Stanley; Patrick Gonzalez; Sandra Brown; Sarah Woodhouse Murdock; Jenny Henman; Zoe Kant; Gilberto Tiepolo; Tim Pearson; Neil Sampson; Miguel Calmon
Bill Stanley; Patrick Gonzalez; Sandra Brown; Jenny Henman; Zoe Kant; Sarah Woodhouse Murdock; Neil Sampson; Gilberto Tiepolo; Tim Pearson; Sarah Walker; Miguel Calmon
The Nature Conservancy is participating in a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to explore the compatibility of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The title of the research project is ''Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration''. The objectives of the project are to: (1) improve carbon offset estimates produced in both the planning and implementation phases of projects; (2) build valid and standardized approaches to estimate project carbon benefits at a reasonable cost; and (3) lay the groundwork for implementing cost-effective projects, providing new testing ground for biodiversity protection and restoration projects that store additional atmospheric carbon. This Technical Progress Report discusses preliminary results of the six specific tasks that The Nature Conservancy is undertaking to answer research needs while facilitating the development of real projects with measurable greenhouse gas reductions. The research described in this report occurred between January 1st and March 31st 2007. The specific tasks discussed include: Task 1--carbon inventory advancements; Task 2--emerging technologies for remote sensing of terrestrial carbon; Task 3--baseline method development; Task 4--third-party technical advisory panel meetings; Task 5--new project feasibility studies; and Task 6--development of new project software screening tool.
Bill Stanley; Sandra Brown; Patrick Gonzalez; Brent Sohngen; Neil Sampson; Mark Anderson; Miguel Calmon; Sean Grimland; Zoe Kant; Dan Morse; Sarah Woodhouse Murdock; Arlene Olivero; Tim Pearson; Sarah Walker; Jon Winsten; Chris Zganjar
The Nature Conservancy is participating in a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to explore the compatibility of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The title of the research project is ''Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration''. The objectives of the project are to: (1) improve carbon offset estimates produced in both the planning and implementation phases of projects; (2) build valid and standardized approaches to estimate project carbon benefits at a reasonable cost; and (3) lay the groundwork for implementing cost-effective projects, providing new testing ground for biodiversity protection and restoration projects that store additional atmospheric carbon. This Technical Progress Report discusses preliminary results of the six specific tasks that The Nature Conservancy is undertaking to answer research needs while facilitating the development of real projects with measurable greenhouse gas reductions. The research described in this report occurred between October 1st and December 31st 2006. The specific tasks discussed include: Task 1: carbon inventory advancements; Task 2: emerging technologies for remote sensing of terrestrial carbon; Task 3: baseline method development; Task 4: third-party technical advisory panel meetings; Task 5: new project feasibility studies; and Task 6: development of new project software screening tool.
The Nature Conservancy is participating in a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to explore the compatibility of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The title of the research project is ''Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration''. The objectives of the project are to: (1) improve carbon offset estimates produced in both the planning and implementation phases of projects; (2) build valid and standardized approaches to estimate project carbon benefits at a reasonable cost; and (3) lay the groundwork for implementing cost-effective projects, providing new testing ground for biodiversity protection and restoration projects that store additional atmospheric carbon. This Technical Progress Report discusses preliminary results of the six specific tasks that The Nature Conservancy is undertaking to answer research needs while facilitating the development of real projects with measurable greenhouse gas reductions. The research described in this report occurred between January 1st and March 31st 2006. The specific tasks discussed include: Task 1: carbon inventory advancements; Task 2: emerging technologies for remote sensing of terrestrial carbon; Task 3: baseline method development; Task 4: third-party technical advisory panel meetings; Task 5: new project feasibility studies; and Task 6: development of new project software screening tool.
Bill Stanley; Patrick Gonzalez; Sandra Brown; Jenny Henman; Sarah Woodhouse Murdock; Neil Sampson; Tim Pearson; Sarah Walker; Zoe Kant; Miguel Calmon
The Nature Conservancy is participating in a Cooperative Agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to explore the compatibility of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. The title of the research project is ''Application and Development of Appropriate Tools and Technologies for Cost-Effective Carbon Sequestration''. The objectives of the project are to: (1) improve carbon offset estimates produced in both the planning and implementation phases of projects; (2) build valid and standardized approaches to estimate project carbon benefits at a reasonable cost; and (3) lay the groundwork for implementing cost-effective projects, providing new testing ground for biodiversity protection and restoration projects that store additional atmospheric carbon. This Technical Progress Report discusses preliminary results of the six specific tasks that The Nature Conservancy is undertaking to answer research needs while facilitating the development of real projects with measurable greenhouse gas impacts. The research described in this report occurred between July 1, 2002 and June 30, 2003. The specific tasks discussed include: Task 1: carbon inventory advancements; Task 2: advanced videography testing; Task 3: baseline method development; Task 4: third-party technical advisory panel meetings; Task 5: new project feasibility studies; and Task 6: development of new project software screening tool.
Bill Stanley; Sandra Brown; Ellen Hawes; Zoe Kant; Miguel Calmon; Patrick Gonzalez; Brad Kreps; Gilberto Tiepolo
Advances in the remote sensing of volcanic activity and hazards, with special consideration to applications in developing countries
Applications of remote sensing for studies of volcanic activity and hazards have developed rapidly in the past 40 years. This has facilitated the observation of volcanic processes, such as ground deformation and thermal emission changes, lava flows, ...
G. G. J. Ernst; M. Kervyn; R. M. Teeuw
Development of Damage Tolerant Microstructures in Udimet 720
was developed for use in steam turbine blade applications but has recently been recognized for its .... Gamma prime morphology and distribution in four of the.
Developing Simulation Models of Open Distributed Control System by Using Object-Oriented Structual and Behavioral Patterns
An open distributed control system (DCS), which consists of many devices and an open network interconnecting them, is now used in many automation areas. For assuring the control performance under the heavy traffic on the network, the simulation of a DCS is strongly needed. For this purpose, we propose an objectoriented design pattern approach as a uniform, efficient and accurate method of modeling and simulating a DCS. Four design patterns are newly proposed. DeviceConstructor describe classes and mechanisms for uniformly structuring device models composed of many kinds of sensors and actuators. Statechart pattern defines classes and the state-transition execution mechanism for realizing the behavior of sensors and actuators in a device. While Event-Chain pattern defines classes and the event intra-device and inter-device. The systematic implementation procedures from these patterns to the executable Java code of the DCS simulation model are also discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of our approach was proved by developing the Java-based DCS modeler and simulator used in building automation area.
Toyoaki Tomura; Satoshi Kanai; Kiyoshi Uehiro
Review for the State of the Art and Application of Polymer Materials / Insulation used in Distribution Class (12 - 46 kV class) Substations
This report covers the results of a state-of-art study into distribution class (12-46 kV) polymer-based products, the technology used to manufacture them, utility experiences, field potential inspection and diagnostic technique, and utility interest for future research and development to be conducted by EPRI.
Application of Developed APCVD Transparent Conducting Oxides and Undercoat Technologies for Economical OLED Lighting
Economics is a key factor for application of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) in general lighting relative to OLED flat panel displays that can handle high cost materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or Indium zinc oxide (IZO) as the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) on display glass. However, for OLED lighting to penetrate into general illumination, economics and sustainable materials are critical. The issues with ITO have been documented at the DOE SSL R&D and Manufacturing workshops for the last 5 years and the issue is being exacerbated by export controls from China (one of the major sources of elemental indium). Therefore, ITO is not sustainable because of the fluctuating costs and the United States (US) dependency on other nations such as China. Numerous alternatives to ITO/IZO are being evaluated such as Ag nanoparticles/nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other metal oxides. Of these other metal oxides, doped zinc oxide has attracted a lot of attention over the last 10 years. The volume of zinc mined is a factor of 80,000 greater than indium and the US has significant volumes of zinc mined domestically, resulting in the ability for the US to be self-sufficient for this element that can be used in optoelectronic applications. The costs of elemental zinc is over 2 orders of magnitude less than indium, reflecting the relative abundance and availability of the elements. Arkema Inc. and an international primary glass manufacturing company, which is located in the United States, have developed doped zinc oxide technology for solar control windows. The genesis of this DOE SSL project was to determine if doped zinc oxide technology can be taken from the commodity based window market and translate the technology to OLED lighting. Thus, Arkema Inc. sought out experts, Philips Lighting, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL) and National Renewable Research Laboratories (NREL), in OLED devices and brought them into the project. This project had a clear focus on economics and the work plan focused both on doped ZnO process and OLED device structure that would be consistent with the new TCO. The team successfully made 6 inch OLEDs with a serial construction. More process development is required to optimize commercial OLED structures. Feasibility was demonstrated on two different light extraction technologies: 1/4 lambda refractive index matching and high-low-high band pass filter. Process development was also completed on the key precursors for the TCO, which are ready for pilot-plant scale-up. Subsequently, Arkema has developed a cost of ownership model that is consistent with DOE SSL R&D Manufacturing targets as outlined in the DOE SSL R&D Manufacturing 2010 report. The overall outcome of this project was the demonstration that doped zinc oxide can be used for OLED devices without a drop-off in performance while gaining the economic and sustainable benefits of a more readily available TCO. The broad impact of this project, is the facilitation of OLED lighting market penetration into general illumination, resulting in significant energy savings, decreased greenhouse emissions, with no environmental impact issues such as mercury found in Fluorescent technology. The primary objective of this project was to develop a commercially viable process for 'Substrates' (Substrate/ undercoat/ TCO topcoat) to be used in production of OLED devices (lamps/luminaries/modules). This project focused on using Arkema's recently developed doped ZnO technology for the Fenestration industry and applying the technology to the OLED lighting industry. The secondary objective was the use of undercoat technology to improve light extraction from the OLED device. In optical fields and window applications, technology has been developed to mitigate reflection losses by selecting appropriate thicknesses and refractive indices of coatings applied either below or above the functional layer of interest. This technology has been proven and implemented in the fenestration industry for more than 15 years. Successful completion of
Martin Bluhm; James Coffey; Roman Korotkov; Craig Polsz; Alexandre Salemi; Robert Smith; Ryan Smith; Jeff Stricker; Chen Xu; Jasmine Shirazi; George Papakonstantopulous; Steve Carson; Claudia Goldman; Soren Hartmann; Frank Jessen; Bianca Krogmann; Christoph Rickers; Manfred Ruske; Holger Schwab; Dietrich Bertram
Research, Development and Demonstration of Micro-CHP Systems for Residential Applications - Phase I
The objective of the Micro-CHP Phase I effort was to develop a conceptual design for a Micro-CHP system including: Defining market potential; Assessing proposed technology; Developing a proof-of-principle design; and Developing a commercialization strategy. TIAX LLC assembled a team to develop a Micro-CHP system that will provide electricity and heating. TIAX, the contractor and major cost-share provider, provided proven expertise in project management, prime-mover design and development, appliance development and commercialization, analysis of residential energy loads, technology assessment, and market analysis. Kohler Company, the manufacturing partner, is a highly regarded manufacturer of standby power systems and other residential products. Kohler provides a compellingly strong brand, along with the capabilities in product development, design, manufacture, distribution, sales, support, service, and marketing that only a manufacturer of Kohler's status can provide. GAMA, an association of appliance and equipment manufacturers, provided a critical understanding of appliance commercialization issues, including regulatory requirements, large-scale market acceptance issues, and commercialization strategies. The Propane Education & Research Council, a cost-share partner, provided cost share and aided in ensuring the fuel flexibility of the conceptual design. Micro-CHP systems being commercialized in Europe and Japan are generally designed to follow the household thermal load, and generate electricity opportunistically. In many cases, any excess electricity can be sold back to the grid (net metering). These products, however, are unlikely to meet the demands of the U.S. market. First, these products generally cannot provide emergency power when grid power is lost--a critical feature to market success in the U.S. Even those that can may have insufficient electric generation capacities to meet emergency needs for many U.S. homes. Second, the extent to which net metering will be available in the U.S. is unclear. Third, these products are typically not designed for use in households having forced hot-air heating, which is the dominant heating system in the U.S. The U.S. market will also require a major manufacturer that has the reputation and brand recognition, low-cost manufacturing capability, distribution, sales, and service infrastructure, and marketing power to achieve significant market size with a previously unknown and unproven product. History has proven time and time again that small-to-medium-size manufacturers do not have the resources and capabilities to achieve significant markets with such products. During the Phase I effort, the Team developed a conceptual design for a Micro-CHP system that addresses key DOE and U.S. market needs: (1) Provides emergency power adequate for critical household loads, with none of the key drawbacks associated with typical, low-cost emergency generators, such as liquid fuel storage, inability to power ''hard-wired'' loads, need to run temporary extension cords for plug loads, manual set up required, susceptibility to overload, and risk of failure due to lack of maintenance and infrequent operation; (2) Requires no special skills to install--plumbers, electricians and HVAC technicians will typically have all necessary skills; (3) Can be used with the major residential fuels in the U.S., including natural gas and propane, and can be easily adapted to fuel oil as well as emerging fuels as they become available; and (4) Significantly reduces household energy consumption and energy costs.
Robert A. Zogg
We present a new method for the determination of the two-dimensional (2D) projected spatial distribution of globular clusters (GCs) in external galaxies. This method is based on the K-Nearest Neighbor density estimator of Dressler, complemented by Monte-Carlo simulations to establish the statistical significance of the results. We apply this method to NGC 4261, a ''test galaxy'' where significant 2D anisotropy in the GC distribution has been reported. We confirm that the 2D distribution of GC is not azimuthally isotropic. Moreover, we demonstrate that the 2D distribution departures from the average GC radial distribution results in highly significant spiral-like or broken shell features. Overall, the same perturbations are found in ''red'' and ''blue'' GCs, but with some differences. In particular, we observe a central feature, roughly aligned with the minor axis of NGC 4261, composed of red and most luminous GCs. Blue and fainter GCs are more frequent at large radial distances and follow the spiral-like features of the overall density structure. These results suggest a complex merging history for NGC 4261.
D'Abrusco, R.; Fabbiano, G.; Zezas, A.; Mineo, S.; Fragos, T.; Kim, D.-W. [Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Strader, J. [Department of Astronomy, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824-2320 (United States); Bonfini, P. [Physics Department and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete (Greece); Luo, B. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States); King, A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester (United Kingdom)
Guidelines for Planning Interoperable Distribution Automation Systems
Fully integrated distribution automation is a relatively new challenge for the utility industry, and the full range of new capabilities it enables are not well understood. In addition, developing an overall strategy to long-term automation integration and deployment through the use of open standards adds to the challenge. These guidelines were developed to describe the overall vision of distribution automation and to assist in application of emerging open standards to the procurement and integration of a...
Abstract--Application of individual distributed generators can cause as many problems as it may solve. A better way to
, microturbines, photovoltaic, fuel cells and wind- power. Most emerging technologies such as micro of low air emissions. Diesel-fueled systems still dominate in standby and short-run applications
Systems Engineering Applications to Wind Energy Research, Design, and Development (Poster)
Over the last few decades, wind energy has evolved into a large international industry involving major players in the manufacturing, construction, and utility sectors. Coinciding with the industry's growth, significant innovation in the technology has resulted in larger turbines with lower associated costs of energy and more complex designs in all subsystems. However, as the deployment of the technology grows, and its role within the electricity sector becomes more prominent, so has the expectations of the technology in terms of performance, reliability, and cost. The industry currently partitions its efforts into separate paths for turbine design, plant design and development, grid interaction and operation, and mitigation of adverse community and environmental impacts. These activities must be integrated to meet a diverse set of goals while recognizing trade-offs between them. To address these challenges, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has embarked on the Wind Energy Systems Engineering (WESE) initiative to use methods of systems engineering in the research, design, and development of wind energy systems. Systems engineering is a field that has a long history of application to complex technical systems. The work completed to date represents a first step in understanding this potential. It reviews systems engineering methods as applied to related technical systems and illustrates how these methods can be combined in a WESE framework to meet the research, design, and development needs for the future of the industry.
Dykes, K.; Damiani, R.; Felker, F.; Graf, P.; Hand, M.; Meadows, R.; Musial, W.; Moriarty, P.; Ning, A.; Scott, G.; Sirnivas, S.; Veers, P.
Development of a Special Application Coiled Tubing Applied Plug for Geothermal Well Casing Remediation
Casing deformation in producing geothermal wells is a common problem in many geothermal fields, mainly due to the active geologic formations where these wells are typically located. Repairs to deformed well casings are necessary to keep the wells in production and to occasionally enter a well for approved plugging and abandonment procedures. The costly alternative to casing remediation is to drill a new well to maintain production and/or drill a well to intersect the old well casing below the deformation for abandonment purposes. The U.S. Department of Energy and the Geothermal Drilling Organization sponsored research and development work at Sandia National Laboratories in an effort to reduce these casing remediation expenditures. Sandia, in cooperation with Halliburton Energy Services, developed a low cost, bridge-plug-type, packer for use in casing remediation work in geothermal well environments. This report documents the development and testing of this commercially available petal-basket packer called the Special Application Coiled Tubing Applied Plug (SACTAP).
Development of Single Crystal Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamonds for Detector Applications
Diamond was studied as a possible radiation hard technology for use in future high radiation environments. With the commissioning of the LHC expected in 2010, and the LHC upgrades expected in 2015, all LHC experiments are planning for detector upgrades which require radiation hard technologies. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond has now been used extensively in beam conditions monitors as the innermost detectors in the highest radiation areas of BaBar, Belle and CDF and is installed and operational in all LHC experiments. As a result, this material is now being discussed as an alternative sensor material for tracking very close to the interaction region of the super-LHC where the most extreme radiation conditions will exist. Our work addressed the further development of the new material, single-crystal Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond, towards reliable industrial production of large pieces and new geometries needed for detector applications.
Rainer Wallny
Table 8 Major markets for ABS products...Market category Applications ABS grades Major appliances Refrigerator door and food liners; crisper pans;
Table 5 Selected applications for wrought aluminum alloys...vehicles, trucks and trailers 3105 Residential siding, mobile homes, rain-carrying goods,
Energy Storage and Distributed Resources
diagram of molecular structure, spectrocscopic data, low-swirl flame diagram of molecular structure, spectrocscopic data, low-swirl flame Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Energy Storage and Distributed Resources application/pdf icon esdr-org-chart-03-2013.pdf EETD researchers in the energy storage and distributed resources area conduct R&D and develops technologies that provide the electricity grid with significant storage capability for energy generated from renewable sources; real-time monitoring and response technologies for the "smart grid" to optimize energy use and communication between electricity providers and consumers; and technologies for improved electricity distribution reliability. Their goal is to identify and develop technologies, policies and strategies to enable a shift to renewable energy sources at $1 per watt for a
Development of Uranium Dioxide - Tungsten Cermet fuel Specimens for Thermionic Applications
The Lewis Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration initiated a project at Battelle Memorial Institute for the purpose of fabricating clad fuel pellet containment vessel assemblies. These assemblies house clad fuel pellets containing enriched fuel. Irradiation studies of these assemblies in the NASA Plum Brook Reactor will provide data required for the desigi of thermionic converter reactors being considered by NASA. Three major objectives were defined at the initiation of this project at Battelle. These were (1) to provide containment vessel assemblies for irradiation studies, (2) to identify the best fuel dispersion/cladding combination for the fueled pellets, and (3) to identify and optimize the most promising fabrication technique to the extent necessary to provide reproducible specimens. In addition to these major objectives, other goals were defined in relation to supporting studies required for the successful conclusion of this program. The approach for accomplishing these objectives involved the cooperation of various research and research support groups at Battelle. These groups contributed to the overall program by involvement in the following areas: (1) Preparation or procurement of various types of UO{sub 2} fuel particles; (2) Application of tungsten coating to the fuel particles; (3) Development of various powder-consolidation techniques for the fuel form including use of explosive methods and hot isostatic pressing; (4) Selection and evaluation of high-temperature claddings for the fuel form; (5) Development of techniques for cladding application to the fuel form; (6) Evaluation of candidate systems by thermal cycling; (7) Fabrication of irradiation containment vessels and the associated components; and (8) Conduction of appropriate supporting studies associated with welding and brazing of the containment vessel components. The objectives of this program were accomplished to the extent that two clad fuel pellet containment vessel assemblies were completed and forwarded to NASA for irradiation testing. In conjunction with this effort, a compatible fuel-cladding system was developed for the clad fuel pellet as well as a fabrication process. In addition'to the accomplishment of these major goals, other valuable information relating to the fabrication and assembly of the containment vessel components was developed.
Gripshover, P.J.; Peterson, J.H.
Abstract--Application of individual distributed generators can cause as many problems as it may solve. A better way
's and 100's of kW). The goal of this work is to accelerate realization of the many benefits offered a wide range of prime mover technologies, such as internal combustion (IC) engines, gas turbines, microturbines, photovoltaic, fuel cells and wind-power. Penetration of distributed generation across the US has
Application of partial mutual information variable selection to ANN forecasting of water quality in water distribution systems
Recent trends in the management of water supply have increased the need for modelling techniques that can provide reliable, efficient, and accurate representation of the complex, non-linear dynamics of water quality within water distribution systems. ... Keywords: Artificial neural networks, Chlorine disinfection, Chlorine residual forecasting, Input variable selection, Partial mutual information, Water quality modelling
Robert J. May; Graeme C. Dandy; Holger R. Maier; John B. Nixon
Testing the bivariate distribution of daily equity returns using copulas. An application to the Spanish stock market
The problem of the identification of dependencies between time series of equity returns is analyzed. Marginal distribution functions are assumed to be known, and a bivariate chi-square test of fit is applied in a fully parametric copula approach. Several ... Keywords: Bivariate chi-square statistic, Copulas, Daily equity returns, Risk management
Oriol Roch; Antonio Alegre
A review of the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) applications in solid unit Yijie Gao, Fernando J. Muzzio, Marianthi G. Ierapetritou
flow in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB), and the tracer was generated by activating the same kind on circulating fluidized beds (CFB), which is equivalent to a batch reactor whereas the riser part can time distribution and mixing of the gas phase in the riser of a circulating fluidized bed. Powder
Application of immune algorithm-based particle swarm optimization for optimized load distribution among cascade hydropower stations
The immune algorithm-based particle swarm optimization (IA-PSO), which is proposed by involving the immune information processing mechanism into the original particle swarm optimal algorithm, improves the ability to find the globally excellent result ... Keywords: Cascade hydropower stations, Immune algorithm, Load distribution, PSO
Anqiang Li; Liping Wang; Jiqing Li; Changming Ji
Industrial Distributed Energy: Combined Heat & Power
(DOE) (DOE) Industrial Technology Program (ITP) Industrial Distributed Energy: Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Richard Sweetser Senior Advisor DOE's Mid-Atlantic Clean Energy Application Center 32% Helping plants save energy today using efficient energy management practices and efficient new technologies Activities to spur widespread commercial use of CHP and other distributed generation solutions 10% Manufacturing Energy Systems 33% Industries of the Future R&D addressing top priorities in America's most energy-intensive industries and cross-cutting activities applicable to multiple industrial subsectors 25% Industrial Distributed Energy Industrial Technical Assistance DOE ITP FY'11 Budget: $100M Knowledge development and
The purpose of the project is to develop an electronically controlled, electrically assisted turbocharging system, e-Turbo, for application to SUV and light truck class of passenger vehicles. Earlier simulation work had shown the benefits of e-Turbo system on increasing low-end torque and improving fuel economy. This paper will present further data from the literature to show that advanced turbocharging can enable diesel engine downsizing of 10-30% with 6-17% improvement in fuel economy. This is in addition to the fuel economy benefit that a turbocharged diesel engine offers over conventional gasoline engines. E-Turbo is necessary to get acceptable driving characteristics with downsized diesel engines. As a first step towards the development of this technology for SUV/light truck sized diesel engines (4-6 litre displacement), design concepts and hardware were evaluated for a smaller engine (2 litre displacement). It was felt that design and developments issues could be minimized, the concept proven progressively on the bench, on a small engine and then applied to a large Vee engine (one on each bank). After successful demonstration of the concept, large turbomachinery could be designed and built specifically for larger SUV sized diesel engines. This paper presents the results of development of e-Turbo for a 2 litre diesel engine. A detailed comparison of several electric assist technologies including permanent magnet, six-phase induction and conventional induction motor/generator technology was done. A comparison of switched reluctance motor technology was also done although detailed design was not carried out.
Balis, C; Middlemass, C; Shahed, SM
Development of ceramic matrix composites for application in Ceramic Technology for Advanced Heat Engine program
The objectives of the program are to develop an advanced toughened silicon nitride composite and a process for near net shape part fabrication. This program was initiated in 1985. The initial phase of the program considered particulate and whisker-reinforced composites and examined the effect of TiC and SiC dispersoids on fracture toughness of Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}. The best results were obtained with whisker reinforcements. Silicon carbide whisker-reinforced Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} was selected for further development. A predictive model that relates microstructure-fracture toughness dependence developed and scrutinized in the course of these studies has shown that fracture toughness of polycrystalline ceramics could be affected by changes of grain size and shape as well as strength of intergranular bond. Accordingly, it was shown that a deflection/debonding mechanism could utilize Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} whiskers to toughen Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} body. Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}-SiC composites offer a number of distinct advantages over monolith,'' which in addition to their improved thermal shock and wear resistance (due particularly to improved conductivity and hardness), Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}-SiC composites are tailorable with respect to high-temperature properties. It was considered that in heat engine applications, Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}-SiC whisker composites, due to their higher hardness, thermal conductivity, thermal shock, and wear resistance, have a definite advantage and warrant further development. In the current program (Phase 11), 1987--1989, the properties were further improved to achieve nearly two times higher fracture toughness and considerably improved elevated temperature (1400{degrees}C) strength of the composite. These improvements were obtained through optimization of processing and modifications of composite phase assembly, primarily intergranular phase.
Buljan, S.T.; Baldoni, J.G.; Huckabee, M.L.; Neil, J.; Hefter, J. (GTE Labs., Inc., Waltham, MA (United States))
Application of NMR Methods to Identify Detection Reagents for Use in the Development of Robust Nanosensors
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying bi-molecular interactions at the atomic scale. Our NMR lab is involved in the identification of small molecules, or ligands that bind to target protein receptors, such as tetanus (TeNT) and botulinum (BoNT) neurotoxins, anthrax proteins and HLA-DR10 receptors on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer cells. Once low affinity binders are identified, they can be linked together to produce multidentate synthetic high affinity ligands (SHALs) that have very high specificity for their target protein receptors. An important nanotechnology application for SHALs is their use in the development of robust chemical sensors or biochips for the detection of pathogen proteins in environmental samples or body fluids. Here, we describe a recently developed NMR competition assay based on transferred nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (trNOESY) that enables the identification of sets of ligands that bind to the same site, or a different site, on the surface of TeNT fragment C (TetC) than a known ''marker'' ligand, doxorubicin. Using this assay, we can identify the optimal pairs of ligands to be linked together for creating detection reagents, as well as estimate the relative binding constants for ligands competing for the same site.
Cosman, M; Krishnan, V V; Balhorn, R
Development, characterization, and applications of high temperature superconductor nanobridge Josephson junctions
A well-controlled, high-yield Josephson junction process in high temperature superconductors (HTS) is necessary for the demonstration of ultra-high-speed devices and circuits which exceed the capabilities of conventional electronics. The authors developed nanobridge Josephson junctions in high quality thin-film YBaCuO with dimensions below 100 nm fabricated using electron-beam nanolithography. They characterized this Josephson junction technology for process yield, junction parameter uniformity, and overall applicability for use in high-performance circuits. To facilitate the determination of junction parameters, they developed a measurement technique based on spectral analysis in the range of 90--160 GHz of phase-locked, oscillating arrays of up to 2,450 Josephson junctions. Because of the excellent yield and uniformity of the nanobridge junctions, they successfully applied the junction technology to a wide variety of circuits. These circuits included transmission-line pulse formers and 32 and 64-bit shift registers. The 32-bit shift register was shown to operate at clock speeds near 100 GHz and is believed to be one of the faster and more complex digital circuit demonstrated to date using high temperature superconductor technology.
Wendt, J.R.; Tigges, C.P.; Hietala, V.M.; Plut, T.A. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Martens, J.S.; Char, K.; Johansson, M.E. [Conductus, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA (United States)
Compact Dielectric Wall Accelerator Development For Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy And Homeland Security Applications
Compact dielectric wall (DWA) accelerator technology is being developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The DWA accelerator uses fast switched high voltage transmission lines to generate pulsed electric fields on the inside of a high gradient insulating (HGI) acceleration tube. Its high electric field gradients are achieved by the use of alternating insulators and conductors and short pulse times. The DWA concept can be applied to accelerate charge particle beams with any charge to mass ratio and energy. Based on the DWA system, a novel compact proton therapy accelerator is being developed. This proton therapy system will produce individual pulses that can be varied in intensity, energy and spot width. The system will be capable of being sited in a conventional linac vault and provide intensity modulated rotational therapy. The status of the developmental new technologies that make the compact system possible will be reviewed. These include, high gradient vacuum insulators, solid dielectric materials, SiC photoconductive switches and compact proton sources. Applications of the DWA accelerator to problems in homeland security will also be discussed.
Chen, Y -; Caporaso, G J; Guethlein, G; Sampayan, S; Akana, G; Anaya, R; Blackfield, D; Cook, E; Falabella, S; Gower, E; Harris, J; Hawkins, S; Hickman, B; Holmes, C; Horner, A; Nelson, S; Paul, A; Pearson, D; Poole, B; Richardson, R; Sanders, D; Stanley, J; Sullivan, J; Wang, L; Watson, J; Weir, J
Development and applications of GREET 2.7 -- The Transportation Vehicle-CycleModel.
Argonne National Laboratory has developed a vehicle-cycle module for the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model. The fuel-cycle GREET model has been cited extensively and contains data on fuel cycles and vehicle operations. The vehicle-cycle model evaluates the energy and emission effects associated with vehicle material recovery and production, vehicle component fabrication, vehicle assembly, and vehicle disposal/recycling. With the addition of the vehicle-cycle module, the GREET model now provides a comprehensive, lifecycle-based approach to compare the energy use and emissions of conventional and advanced vehicle technologies (e.g., hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles). This report details the development and application of the GREET 2.7 model. The current model includes six vehicles--a conventional material and a lightweight material version of a mid-size passenger car with the following powertrain systems: internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine with hybrid configuration, and fuel cell with hybrid configuration. The model calculates the energy use and emissions that are required for vehicle component production; battery production; fluid production and use; and vehicle assembly, disposal, and recycling. This report also presents vehicle-cycle modeling results. In order to put these results in a broad perspective, the fuel-cycle model (GREET 1.7) was used in conjunction with the vehicle-cycle model (GREET 2.7) to estimate total energy-cycle results.
Burnham, A.; Wang, M. Q.; Wu, Y.
Development of improved processing and evaluation methods for high reliability structural ceramics for advanced heat engine applications Phase II. Final report
The research program had as goals the development and demonstration of significant improvements in processing methods, process controls, and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) which can be commercially implemented to produce high reliability silicon nitride components for advanced heat engine applications at temperatures to 1370{degrees}C. In Phase I of the program a process was developed that resulted in a silicon nitride - 4 w% yttria HIP`ed material (NCX 5102) that displayed unprecedented strength and reliability. An average tensile strength of 1 GPa and a strength distribution following a 3-parameter Weibull distribution were demonstrated by testing several hundred buttonhead tensile specimens. The Phase II program focused on the development of methodology for colloidal consolidation producing green microstructure which minimizes downstream process problems such as drying, shrinkage, cracking, and part distortion during densification. Furthermore, the program focused on the extension of the process to gas pressure sinterable (GPS) compositions. Excellent results were obtained for the HIP composition processed for minimal density gradients, both with respect to room-temperature strength and high-temperature creep resistance. Complex component fabricability of this material was demonstrated by producing engine-vane prototypes. Strength data for the GPS material (NCX-5400) suggest that it ranks very high relative to other silicon nitride materials in terms of tensile/flexure strength ratio, a measure of volume quality. This high quality was derived from the closed-loop colloidal process employed in the program.
Pujari, V.J.; Tracey, D.M.; Foley, M.R. [and others
Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition on Living Substrates: Development, Characterization, and Biological Applications
This dissertation proposed the idea of �plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on living substrates (PECVD on living substrates)� to bridge the gap between the thin film deposition technology and the biological and living substrates. This study focuses on the establishment of the knowledge and techniques necessary to perform �PECVD on living substrates� and contains three main aspects: development, characterization, and biological applications. First, a PECVD tool which can operate in ambient air and at low temperature was developed using a helium dielectric barrier discharge jet (DBD jet). It was demonstrated that various materials, such as polymeric, metallic, and composite films, can be readily synthesized through this technique. Second, the PMMA and copper films deposited using DBD jets were characterized. High-rate (22 nm/s), low-temperature (39 �C) PMMA deposition was achieved and the film surface morphology can be tailored by altering the discharge power. Conductive copper films with an electrical resistivity lower than 1�10-7 ohm-m were obtained through hydrogen reduction. Both PMMA and copper films can be grown on temperature-sensitive substrates, such as plastics, pork skin, and even fingernail. The electrical, optical, and imaging characterization of the DBD jets was also conducted and several new findings were reported. Multiple short-duration current pulses instead of only one broad pulse per half voltage cycle were observed when a dielectric substrate was employed. Each short-duration current pulse is induced by a leading ionization wave followed by the formation of a plasma channel. Precursor addition further changed the temporal sequence of the pulses. An increase in the power led to a mode change from a diffuse DBD jet to a concentrated one. This mode change showed significant dependence on the precursor type, tube size, and electrode configuration. These findings regarding the discharge characteristics can thus facilitate the development of DBD-jet operation strategies to improve the deposition efficacy. Finally, this technique was used to grow PMMA films onto agar to demonstrate one of its potential biological applications: sterile bandage deposition. The DBD jet with the film depositing ability enabled the surface to be not only efficiently sanitized but also protected by a coating from being reached by bacteria.
Tsai, Tsung-Chan 1982-
Study of the longitudinal distribution of power generated in a random distributed feedback Raman fibre laser with unidirectional pumping
The longitudinal distribution of the Stokes-component power in a Raman fibre laser with a random distributed feedback and unidirectional pumping is measured. The fibre parameters (linear loss and Rayleigh backscattering coefficient) are calculated based on the distributions obtained. A numerical model is developed to describe the lasing power distribution. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. (optical fibres, lasers and amplifiers. properties and applications)
Churkin, D V; El-Taher, A E; Vatnik, I D; Babin, Sergei A
The potential for distributed generation in Japanese prototype buildings: A DER-CAM analysis of policy, tariff design, building energy use, and technology development (English Version)
The August 2003 blackout of the northeastern U.S. and CANADA caused great economic losses and inconvenience to New York City and other affected areas. The blackout was a warning to the rest of the world that the ability of conventional power systems to meet growing electricity demand is questionable. Failure of large power systems can lead to serious emergencies. Introduction of on-site generation, renewable energy such as solar and wind power and the effective utilization of exhaust heat is needed, to meet the growing energy demands of the residential and commercial sectors. Additional benefit can be achieved by integrating these distributed technologies into distributed energy resource (DER) systems. This work demonstrates a method for choosing and designing economically optimal DER systems. An additional purpose of this research is to establish a database of energy tariffs, DER technology cost and performance characteristics, and building energy consumption for Japan. This research builds on prior DER studies at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and with their associates in the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) and operation, including the development of the microgrid concept, and the DER selection optimization program, the Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM). DER-CAM is a tool designed to find the optimal combination of installed equipment and an idealized operating schedule to minimize a site's energy bills, given performance and cost data on available DER technologies, utility tariffs, and site electrical and thermal loads over a test period, usually an historic year. Since hourly electric and thermal energy data are rarely available, they are typically developed by building simulation for each of six end use loads used to model the building: electric-only loads, space heating, space cooling, refrigeration, water heating, and natural-gas-only loads. DER-CAM provides a global optimization, albeit idealized, that shows how the necessary useful energy loads can be provided for at minimum cost by selection and operation of on-site generation, heat recovery, cooling, and efficiency improvements. This study examines five prototype commercial buildings and uses DER-CAM to select the economically optimal DER system for each. The five building types are office, hospital, hotel, retail, and sports facility. Each building type was considered for both 5,000 and 10,000 square meter floor sizes. The energy consumption of these building types is based on building energy simulation and published literature. Based on the optimization results, energy conservation and the emissions reduction were also evaluated. Furthermore, a comparison study between Japan and the U.S. has been conducted covering the policy, technology and the utility tariffs effects on DER systems installations. This study begins with an examination of existing DER research. Building energy loads were then generated through simulation (DOE-2) and scaled to match available load data in the literature. Energy tariffs in Japan and the U.S. were then compared: electricity prices did not differ significantly, while commercial gas prices in Japan are much higher than in the U.S. For smaller DER systems, the installation costs in Japan are more than twice those in the U.S., but this difference becomes smaller with larger systems. In Japan, DER systems are eligible for a 1/3 rebate of installation costs, while subsidies in the U.S. vary significantly by region and application. For 10,000 m{sup 2} buildings, significant decreases in fuel consumption, carbon emissions, and energy costs were seen in the economically optimal results. This was most noticeable in the sports facility, followed the hospital and hotel. This research demonstrates that office buildings can benefit from CHP, in contrast to popular opinion. For hospitals and sports facilities, the use of waste heat is particularly effective for water and space heating. For the other building types, waste heat is most effectively use
Zhou, Nan; Marnay, Chris; Firestone, Ryan; Gao, Weijun; Nishida, Masaru
The August 2003 blackout of the northeastern U.S. and CANADA caused great economic losses and inconvenience to New York City and other affected areas. The blackout was a warning to the rest of the world that the ability of conventional power systems to meet growing electricity demand is questionable. Failure of large power systems can lead to serious emergencies. Introduction of on-site generation, renewable energy such as solar and wind power and the effective utilization of exhaust heat is needed, to meet the growing energy demands of the residential and commercial sectors. Additional benefit can be achieved by integrating these distributed technologies into distributed energy resource (DER) systems. This work demonstrates a method for choosing and designing economically optimal DER systems. An additional purpose of this research is to establish a database of energy tariffs, DER technology cost and performance characteristics, and building energy consumption for Japan. This research builds on prior DER studies at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and with their associates in the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) and operation, including the development of the microgrid concept, and the DER selection optimization program, the Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM). DER-CAM is a tool designed to find the optimal combination of installed equipment and an idealized operating schedule to minimize a site's energy bills, given performance and cost data on available DER technologies, utility tariffs, and site electrical and thermal loads over a test period, usually an historic year. Since hourly electric and thermal energy data are rarely available, they are typically developed by building simulation for each of six end use loads used to model the building: electric-only loads, space heating, space cooling, refrigeration, water heating, and natural-gas-only loads. DER-CAM provides a global optimization, albeit idealized, that shows how the necessary useful energy loads can be provided for at minimum cost by selection and operation of on-site generation, heat recovery, cooling, and efficiency improvements. This study examines five prototype commercial buildings and uses DER-CAM to select the economically optimal DER system for each. The five building types are office, hospital, hotel, retail, and sports facility. Each building type was considered for both 5,000 and 10,000 square meter floor sizes. The energy consumption of these building types is based on building energy simulation and published literature. Based on the optimization results, energy conservation and the emissions reduction were also evaluated. Furthermore, a comparison study between Japan and the U.S. has been conducted covering the policy, technology and the utility tariffs effects on DER systems installations. This study begins with an examination of existing DER research. Building energy loads were then generated through simulation (DOE-2) and scaled to match available load data in the literature. Energy tariffs in Japan and the U.S. were then compared: electricity prices did not differ significantly, while commercial gas prices in Japan are much higher than in the U.S. For smaller DER systems, the installation costs in Japan are more than twice those in the U.S., but this difference becomes smaller with larger systems. In Japan, DER systems are eligible for a 1/3 rebate of installation costs, while subsidies in the U.S. vary significantly by region and application. For 10,000 m{sup 2} buildings, significant decreases in fuel consumption, carbon emissions, and energy costs were seen in the economically optimal results. This was most noticeable in the sports facility, followed the hospital and hotel. This research demonstrates that office buildings can benefit from CHP, in contrast to popular opinion. For hospitals and sports facilities, the use of waste heat is particularly effective for water and space heating. For the other building types, waste heat is most effectivel
Options for improving the load matching capability of distributed photovoltaics: Methodology and application to high-latitude data
At high latitudes, domestic electricity demand and insolation are negatively correlated on both an annual and a diurnal basis. With increasing integration of distributed photovoltaics (PV) in low-voltage distribution grids of residential areas, limits to the penetration level are set by voltage rise due to unmatched production and load. In this paper a methodology for determining the impacts of three options for increased load matching is presented and applied to high-latitude data. The studied options are PV array orientation, demand side management (DSM) and electricity storage. Detailed models for domestic electricity demand and PV output are used. An optimisation approach is applied to find an optimal distribution of PV systems on different array orientations and a best-case evaluation of DSM and a storage model are implemented. At high penetration levels, storage is the most efficient option for maximising the solar fraction, but at lower overproduction levels, the impact of DSM is equal or slightly better. An east-west orientation of PV arrays is suggested for high penetration levels, but the effect of the optimised orientation is small. Without an optimised storage operation, the overproduced power is more efficiently reduced by DSM than storage, although this is highly dependent on the applied DSM algorithm. Further research should be focused on the DSM potential and optimal operation of storage. (author)
Widen, Joakim; Waeckelgaard, Ewa [Department of Engineering Sciences, The Aangstroem Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala (Sweden); Lund, Peter D. [Advanced Energy Systems, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FI-02015 HUT, Helsinki (Finland)
Source- and Age-Resolved Mechanistic Air Quality Models: Model Development and Application in Southeast Texas
Ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) existing in the atmosphere have adverse effects to human and environment. Southeast Texas experiences high O3 and PM events due to special meteorological conditions and high emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Quantitative knowledge of the contributions of different emissions sources to O3 and PM is helpful to better understand their formation mechanisms and develop effective control strategies. Tagged reactive tracer techniques are developed and coupled into two chemical transport models (UCD/CIT model and CMAQ) to conduct source apportionment of O3, primary PM, secondary inorganic PM, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and aging distribution of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) existing in the atmosphere have adverse effects to human and environment. Southeast Texas experiences high O3 and PM events due to special meteorological conditions and high emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Quantitative knowledge of the contributions of different emissions sources to O3 and PM is helpful to better understand their formation mechanisms and develop effective control strategies. Tagged reactive tracer techniques are developed and coupled into two chemical transport models (UCD/CIT model and CMAQ) to conduct source apportionment of O3, primary PM, secondary inorganic PM, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and aging distribution of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). Models successfully reproduce the concentrations of gas phase and PM phase species. Vehicles, natural gas, industries, and coal combustion are important O3 sources. Upwind sources have non-negligible influences (20-50%) on daytime O3, indicating that regional NOx emission controls are necessary to reduce O3 in Southeast Texas. EC is mainly from diesel engines while majority of primary OC is from internal combustion engines and industrial sources. Open burning, road dust, internal combustion engines and industries are the major sources of primary PM2.5. Wildfire dominates primary PM near fire locations. Over 80% of sulfate is produced in upwind areas and coal combustion contributes most. Ammonium ion is mainly from agriculture sources. The SOA peak values can be better predicted when the emissions are adjusted by a factor of 2. 20% of the total SOA is due to anthropogenic sources. Solvent and gasoline engines are the major sources. Oligomers from biogenic SOA account for 30-58% of the total SOA, indicating that long range transport is important. PAHs from anthropogenic sources can produce 4% of total anthropogenic SOA. Wild fire, vehicles, solvent and industries are the major sources. EC and OC emitted within 0-3 hours contribute approximately 70-90% in urban Houston and about 20-40% in rural areas. Significant diurnal variations in the relative contributions to EC are predicted. Fresh particles concentrations are high at morning and early evening. The concentrations of EC and OC that spend more than 9 hours in the air are low over land but almost accounts for 100% of the total EC and OC over the ocean.
Zhang, Hongliang
Development and application of the spatially explicit load enrichment calculation tool (select) to determine potential E. coli loads in watersheds
According to the USEPA National Section 303(d) List Fact Sheet, bacterial pathogens are the leading cause of water quality impairments in Texas. The automated Spatially Explicit Load Enrichment Calculation Tool (SELECT) uses spatially variable factors such as land use, soil condition, and distance to streams to characterize pathogen sources across a watershed. The results support development of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) where bacterial contamination is of concern. SELECT calculates potential E. coli loads by distributing the contributing source populations across suitable habitats, applying a fecal production rate, and then aggregating the potential load to the subwatersheds. SELECT provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI), developed in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) within ArcGIS 9.X, where project parameters can be adjusted for various pollutant loading scenarios. A new approach for characterizing E. coli loads resulting from on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) was incorporated into the SELECT methodology. The pollutant connectivity factor (PCF) module was created to identify areas potentially contributing E. coli loads to waterbodies during runoff events by weighting the influence of potential loading, runoff potential, and travel distance. Simulation results indicate livestock and wildlife are potentially contributing large amounts of E. coli in the Lake Granbury Watershed in areas where these contributing sources are not currently monitored for E. coli. The bacterial water quality violations near Lake Granbury are most likely the result of malfunctioning OWTSs and pet waste in the runoff. The automated SELECT was verified by characterizing the potential E. coli loading in the Plum Creek Watershed and comparing to results from a prior study (Teague, 2007). The E. coli potential load for the watershed was lower than the previous study due to major differences in assumptions. Comparing the average ranked PCF estimated by physical properties of the watershed with the statistical clustering of watershed characteristics provided similar groupings. SELECT supports the need to evaluate each contributing source separately to effectively allocate site specific best management practices (BMPs). This approach can be used as a screening step for determining areas where detailed investigation is merited. SELECT in conjunction with PCF and clustering analysis can assist decision makers develop Watershed Protection Plans (WPPs) and determine TMDLs.
Riebschleager, Kendra Jean
Applications of Systems Engineering to the Research, Design, and Development of Wind Energy Systems
This paper surveys the landscape of systems engineering methods and current wind modeling capabilities to assess the potential for development of a systems engineering to wind energy research, design, and development. Wind energy has evolved from a small industry in a few countries to a large international industry involving major organizations in the manufacturing, development, and utility sectors. Along with this growth, significant technology innovation has led to larger turbines with lower associated costs of energy and ever more complex designs for all major subsystems - from the rotor, hub, and tower to the drivetrain, electronics, and controls. However, as large-scale deployment of the technology continues and its contribution to electricity generation becomes more prominent, so have the expectations of the technology in terms of performance and cost. For the industry to become a sustainable source of electricity, innovation in wind energy technology must continue to improve performance and lower the cost of energy while supporting seamless integration of wind generation into the electric grid without significant negative impacts on local communities and environments. At the same time, issues associated with wind energy research, design, and development are noticeably increasing in complexity. The industry would benefit from an integrated approach that simultaneously addresses turbine design, plant design and development, grid interaction and operation, and mitigation of adverse community and environmental impacts. These activities must be integrated in order to meet this diverse set of goals while recognizing trade-offs that exist between them. While potential exists today to integrate across different domains within the wind energy system design process, organizational barriers such as different institutional objectives and the importance of proprietary information have previously limited a system level approach to wind energy research, design, and development. To address these challenges, NREL has embarked on an initiative to evaluate how methods of systems engineering can be applied to the research, design and development of wind energy systems. Systems engineering is a field within engineering with a long history of research and application to complex technical systems in domains such as aerospace, automotive, and naval architecture. As such, the field holds potential for addressing critical issues that face the wind industry today. This paper represents a first step for understanding this potential through a review of systems engineering methods as applied to related technical systems. It illustrates how this might inform a Wind Energy Systems Engineering (WESE) approach to the research, design, and development needs for the future of the industry. Section 1 provides a brief overview of systems engineering and wind as a complex system. Section 2 describes these system engineering methods in detail. Section 3 provides an overview of different types of design tools for wind energy with emphasis on NREL tools. Finally, Section 4 provides an overview of the role and importance of software architecture and computing to the use of systems engineering methods and the future development of any WESE programs. Section 5 provides a roadmap of potential research integrating systems engineering research methodologies and wind energy design tools for a WESE framework.
Dykes, K.; Meadows, R.; Felker, F.; Graf, P.; Hand, M.; Lunacek, M.; Michalakes, J.; Moriarty, P.; Musial, W.; Veers, P.
The development and application of the Remotely Monitored Sealing Array (RMSA).
Advanced sealing technologies are often an integral part of a containment surveillance (CS) approach to detect undeclared diversion of nuclear materials. As adversarial capabilities continue to advance, the sophistication of the seal design must advance as well. The intelligent integration of security concepts into a physical technology used to seal monitored items is a fundamental requirement for secure containment. Seals have a broad range of capabilities. These capabilities must be matched appropriately to the application to establish the greatest effectiveness from the seal. However, many current seal designs and their application fail to provide the high confidence of detection and timely notification that can be appreciated with new technology. Additionally, as monitoring needs rapidly expand, out-pacing budgets, remote monitoring of low-cost autonomous sealing technologies becomes increasingly appealing. The Remotely Monitored Sealing Array (RMSA) utilizes this technology and has implemented cost effective security concepts establishing the high confidence that is expected of active sealing technology today. RMSA is a system of relatively low-cost but secure active loop seals for the monitoring of nuclear material containers. The sealing mechanism is a fiber optic loop that is pulsed using a low-power LED circuit with a coded signal to verify integrity. Battery life is conserved by the use of sophisticated power management techniques, permitting many years of reliable operation without battery replacement or other maintenance. Individual seals communicate by radio using a secure transmission protocol using either of two specially designated communication frequency bands. Signals are encrypted and authenticated by private key, established during the installation procedure, and the seal bodies feature both active and passive tamper indication. Seals broadcast to a central 'translator' from which information is both stored locally and/or transmitted remotely for review. The system is especially appropriate for nuclear material storage facilities, indoor or outdoor, enabling remote inspection of status rather than tedious individual seal verification, and without the need for interconnected cabling. A handheld seal verifier is also available for an inspector to verify any particular individual seal in close proximity. This paper will discuss the development of the RMSA sealing system, its capabilities, its application philosophy, and projected future trends.
Schoeneman, Barry Dale; Stein, Marius (Canberra, USA); Wishard, B. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria)
Staff Development Award Application Instructions The Staff Development Award Program is intended principally to assist in professional and personal
Total" column. No extra documentation is required for this line item. Ground transportation (e.g. MoX): MoX is a known fixed cost. Applicants DO NOT need to supply a copy of the MoX price list. Personal
Taylor, Jerry
Gathering of requirements on WebGIS development: the example of bikeway mapping application
The article presents results of original research concerning proposal of WebGIS application with cycling topics. The main contribution of the proposal is in gathering of user requests on content and functionality. According to focus of this application, ... Keywords: GIS, bikeway, cyclist, mapping application, requirements, usability, webGIS
Hana Kopackova; Hana Jonasova; Iva Mikesova; Jana Hejlova
Table 6 Selected applications for aluminum casting alloys...gears; jet engine compressor cases 356.0 Sand: flywheel castings; automotive transmission cases; oil pans; pump bodies. Permanent: machine tool parts;
Table 2 Applications for titanium and titanium alloys...for FGD units, nuclear waste disposal Geothermal energy Heat exchangers, evaporators, condensers, tubes Marine engineering Shipbuilding Heat exchangers, condensers, piping
Table 1 Application of sintered stainless steels...316L Photographic equipment 316L Cam cleats 304L Dishwasher components 304L Can opener gears 410L...
Table 2 Examples of applications and parts made with vacuum infusion...small aircraft Industrial Fan blades, part for fish counting unit, toilet bowl, oil
Development and Application of Advanced Models for Steam Hydrogasification: Process Design and Economic Evaluation
Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) to make additional steam foras electricity through HRSG and steam cycle in the steamof FT liquids distribution HRSG CO 2 capture Heat exchanger
Lu, Xiaoming
Applications: Applications: ● Telecommunications: cell / smartphone; multi-party secure phone calls; videoconferencing; Voice over IP (VoIP) ● Banking and financial transactions: ATM, debit / credit card and e-Commerce ● e-Business; e-gaming; e-books; e-music; e-movies; e-gambling ● Wireless internet ● Electronic voting ● Facility and vehicle access ● Information exchange for government/defense
of investment New Power Generation/Distribution EnterprisesDG Distributed Generation Disco distribution company DOEof fuel) Electricity generation, transmission, distribution
Economics is a key factor for application of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) in general lighting relative to OLED flat panel displays that can handle high cost materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or Indium zinc oxide (IZO) as the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) on display glass. However, for OLED lighting to penetrate into general illumination, economics and sustainable materials are critical. The issues with ITO have been documented at the DOE SSL R&D and Manufacturing workshops for the last 5 years and the issue is being exaserbated by export controls from China (one of the major sources of elemental indium). Therefore, ITO is not sustainable because of the fluctuating costs and the United States (US) dependency on other nations such as China. Numerous alternatives to ITO/IZO are being evaluated such as Ag nanoparticles/nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other metal oxides. Of these other metal oxides, doped zinc oxide has attracted a lot of attention over the last 10 years. The volume of zinc mined is a factor of 80,000 greater than indium and the US has significant volumes of zinc mined domestically, resulting in the ability for the US to be self-sufficient for this element that can be used in optoelectonic applications. The costs of elemental zinc is over 2 orders of magnitude less than indium, reflecting the relative abundance and availablility of the elements. Arkema Inc. and an international primary glass manufacturing company, which is located in the United States, have developed doped zinc oxide technology for solar control windows. The genesis of this DOE SSL project was to determine if doped zinc oxide technology can be taken from the commodity based window market and translate the technology to OLED lighting. Thus, Arkema Inc. sought out experts, Philips Lighting, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL) and National Renewable Research Laboratories (NREL), in OLED devices and brought them into the project. This project had a clear focus on economics and the work plan focused both on doped ZnO process and OLED device structure that would be consistent with the new TCO. The team successfully made 6 inch OLEDs with a serial construction. More process development is required to optimize commercial OLED structures. Feasibility was demonstrated on two different light extraction technologies: 1/4 lambda refractive index matching and high-low-high band pass filter. Process development was also completed on the key precursors for the TCO, which are ready for pilot-plant scale-up. Subsequently, Arkema has developed a cost of ownership model that is consistent with DOE SSL R&D Manufacturing targets as outlined in the DOE SSL R&D Manufacturing 2010 report. The overall outcome of this project was the demonstration that doped zinc oxide can be used for OLED devices without a drop-off in performance while gaining the economic and sustainable benefits of a more readily available TCO. The broad impact of this project, is the facilitation of OLED lighting market penetration into general illumination, resulting in significant energy savings, decreased greenhouse emissions, with no environmental impact issues such as mercury found in Fluorescent technology.
Gary Silverman; Bluhm, Martin; Coffey, James; Korotkov, Roman; Polsz, Craig; Salemi, Alexandre; Smith, Robert; Smith, Ryan; Stricker, Jeff; Xu,Chen; Shirazi, Jasmine; Papakonstantopulous, George; Carson, Steve Philips Lighting GmbH Goldman, Claudia; Hartmann, S�ren; Jessen, Frank; Krogmann, Bianca; Rickers, Christoph; Ruske, Manfred, Schwab, Holger; Bertram, Dietrich
Development of Nb and Alternative Material Thin Films Tailored for SRF Applications
Over the years, Nb/Cu technology, despite its shortcomings due to the commonly used magnetron sputtering, has positioned itself as an alternative route for the future of superconducting structures used in accelerators. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of energetic vacuum deposition techniques, showing promise for the production of thin films tailored for SRF applications. JLab is pursuing energetic condensation deposition via techniques such as Electron Cyclotron Resonance and High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering. As part of this project, the influence of the deposition energy on the material and RF properties of the Nb thin film is investigated with the characterization of their surface, structure, superconducting properties and RF response. It has been shown that the film RRR can be tuned from single digits to values greater than 400. This paper presents results on surface impedance measurements correlated with surface and material characterization for Nb films produced on various substrates, monocrystalline and polycrystalline as well as amorphous. A progress report on work on NbTiN and AlN based multilayer structures will also be presented.
Valente-Feliciano, A -M; Reece, C E; Spradlin, J K; Xiao, B; Zhao, X; Gu, Diefeng; Baumgart, Helmut; Beringer, Douglas; Lukaszew, Rosa
Development of practical high temperature superconducting wire for electric power applications
The technology of high temperature superconductivity has gone from beyond mere scientific curiosity into the manufacturing environment. Single lengths of multifilamentary wire are now produced that are over 200 meters long and that carry over 13 amperes at 77 K. Short-sample critical current densities approach 5 {times} 10{sup 4} A/cm{sup 2} at 77 K. Conductor requirements such as high critical current density in a magnetic field, strain-tolerant sheathing materials, and other engineering properties are addressed. A new process for fabricating round BSCCO-2212 wire has produced wires with critical current densities as high as 165,000 A/cm{sup 2} at 4.2 K and 53,000 A/cm{sup 2} at 40 K. This process eliminates the costly, multiple pressing and rolling steps that are commonly used to develop texture in the wires. New multifilamentary wires with strengthened sheathing materials have shown improved yield strengths up to a factor of five better than those made with pure silver. Many electric power devices require the wire to be formed into coils for production of strong magnetic fields. Requirements for coils and magnets for electric power applications are described.
Hawsey, R.A. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Sokolowski, R.S.; Haldar, P. [Intermagnetics General Corp., Latham, NY (United States); Motowidlo, L.R. [IGC/Advanced Superconductors, Inc., Waterbury, CT (United States)
A Review on Biomass Densification Systems to Develop Uniform Feedstock Commodities for Bioenergy Application
Developing uniformly formatted, densified feedstock from lignocellulosic biomass is of interest to achieve consistent physical properties like size and shape, bulk and unit density, and durability, which significantly influence storage, transportation and handling characteristics, and, by extension, feedstock cost and quality. A variety of densification systems are considered for producing a uniform format feedstock commodity for bioenergy applications, including (a) baler, (b) pellet mill, (c) cuber, (d) screw extruder, (e) briquette press, (f) roller press, (g) tablet press, and (g) agglomerator. Each of these systems has varying impacts on feedstock chemical and physical properties, and energy consumption. This review discusses the suitability of these densification systems for biomass feedstocks and the impact these systems have on specific energy consumption and end product quality. For example, a briquette press is more flexible in terms of feedstock variables where higher moisture content and larger particles are acceptable for making good quality briquettes; or among different densification systems, a screw press consumes the most energy because it not only compresses but also shears and mixes the material. Pretreatment options like preheating, grinding, steam explosion, torrefaction, and ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) can also help to reduce specific energy consumption during densification and improve binding characteristics. Binding behavior can also be improved by adding natural binders, such as proteins, or commercial binders, such as lignosulphonates. The quality of the densified biomass for both domestic and international markets is evaluated using PFI (United States Standard) or CEN (European Standard).
Jaya Shankar Tumuluru; Christopher T. Wright; J. Richard Hess; Kevin L. Kenney
Development of polymer concrete liners and coatings for use in geothermal applications
The results of a research and field testing program conducted by Brookhaven National Laboratory for the Geothermal Division of the US Department of Energy to develop polymer concrete (PC) liners and coatings for use in geothermal applications are presented. Whenever possible, carbon steel is used in geothermal facilities for components such as piping, well casings, and containment vessels. However carbon steel is subject to severe corrosion when exposed to some geothermal fluids and brines, leading to the use, in some cases, of very expensive high alloy steels. Results of laboratory tests done in simulated geothermal environments (pH 2 hydrochloric acid steam at 200{degree}C) have shown that PC materials can be used as liners and coatings to protect carbon steel surfaces from corrosion. In situ field testing of 8-in. (203-mm) inside diameter (ID) by 12-in. (305-mm) long spool sections and 12in. ID (305-mm) wellhead tee sections in operational geothermal facilities is currently being done to verify the laboratory test data. Economic studies have shown that the capital cost of the vessels and piping in a typical geothermal facility can be significantly reduced through the use of protective PC linings and coatings. As a result PC lined components are currently being used commercially at two geothermal sites.
Webster, R.P.; Reams, W.; Kukacka, L.E.
Novel hydrogen separation device development for coal gasification system applications. Final report
This study was undertaken for the development of a novel Electrochemical Hydrogen Separator (EHS) technology for low-cost hydrogen separation from coal derived gases. Design and operating parameter testing was performed using subscale cells (25 cm{sup 2}). High H{sub 2} purity, >99% is one of the main features of the EHS. It was found that N{sub 2}, CO{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} behave as equivalent inerts; EHS performance is not affected by the balance of feed gas containing these components. This product purity level is not sacrificed by increased H{sub 2} recovery. CO, however, does adversely affect EHS performance and therefore feed stream pretreatment is recommended. Low levels of H{sub 2}S and NH{sub 3} were added to the feed gas stream and it was verified that these impurities did not affect EHS performance. Task 2 demonstrated the scale-up to full size multi-cell module operation while maintaining a stable energy requirement. A 10-cell full-size module (1050 cm{sup 2} cell active area) was operated for over 3,800 hours and gave a stable baseline performance. Several applications for the EHS were investigated. The most economically attractive systems incorporating an EHS contain low pressure, dilute hydrogen streams, such as coal gasification carbonate fuel cell systems, hydrogen plant purification and fluid catalytic cracker units. In addition, secondary hydrogen recovery from PSA or membrane tailstreams using an EHS may increase overall system efficiency.
Not Available
EDOS: Environment for the Development and Distribution of Open Source Serge Abiteboul, Xavier Leroy, Boris Vrdoljak Ciarn Bryce
Lepied, Radu Pop, Florent Villard Eleonora Panto CSP Torino, Mandrakesoft, France Italy {slauriere,flepied,rpop,firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com Jean-Paul Smets Nexedi, France email@example.com Abstract The open-source software as packaging. It involves extensive testing and module correcting. Once the distribution is ready, it is put
Abiteboul, Serge
On Developing Distributed Middleware Services for QoS-and Criticality-Based Resource Negotiation and Adaptation
The Global Resource Management System (GRMS) provides middleware services for QoS- and criticality-based resource negotiation and adaptation across heterogeneous computing nodes and communication networks. This paper presents GRMS�s design, ... Keywords: QoS adaptation, QoS negotiation, Quality of Service, adaptive resource management, distributed resource management, middleware
J. Huang; Y. Wang; F. Cao
The CUNY Energy Institute Electrical Energy Storage Development for Grid Applications
1. Project Objectives The objectives of the project are to elucidate science issues intrinsic to high energy density electricity storage (battery) systems for smart-grid applications, research improvements in such systems to enable scale-up to grid-scale and demonstrate a large 200 kWh battery to facilitate transfer of the technology to industry. 2. Background Complex and difficult to control interfacial phenomena are intrinsic to high energy density electrical energy storage systems, since they are typically operated far from equilibrium. One example of such phenomena is the formation of dendrites. Such dendrites occur on battery electrodes as they cycle, and can lead to internal short circuits, reducing cycle life. An improved understanding of the formation of dendrites and their control can improve the cycle life and safety of many energy storage systems, including rechargeable lithium and zinc batteries. Another area where improved understanding is desirable is the application of ionic liquids as electrolytes in energy storage systems. An ionic liquid is typically thought of as a material that is fully ionized (consisting only of anions and cations) and is fluid at or near room temperature. Some features of ionic liquids include a generally high thermal stability (up to 450 �C), a high electrochemical window (up to 6 V) and relatively high intrinsic conductivities. Such features make them attractive as battery or capacitor electrolytes, and may enable batteries which are safer (due to the good thermal stability) and of much higher energy density (due to the higher voltage electrode materials which may be employed) than state of the art secondary (rechargeable) batteries. Of particular interest is the use of such liquids as electrolytes in metal air batteries, where energy densities on the order of 1-2,000 Wh / kg are possible; this is 5-10 times that of existing state of the art lithium battery technology. The Energy Institute has been engaged in the development of flow-assisted nickel zinc battery technology. This technology has the promise of enabling low-cost (batteries have only demonstrated about 400 cycles to failure.
Banerjee, Sanjoy
1. Project Objectives The objectives of the project are to elucidate science issues intrinsic to high energy density electricity storage (battery) systems for smart-grid applications, research improvements in such systems to enable scale-up to grid-scale and demonstrate a large 200 kWh battery to facilitate transfer of the technology to industry. 2. Background Complex and difficult to control interfacial phenomena are intrinsic to high energy density electrical energy storage systems, since they are typically operated far from equilibrium. One example of such phenomena is the formation of dendrites. Such dendrites occur on battery electrodes as they cycle, and can lead to internal short circuits, reducing cycle life. An improved understanding of the formation of dendrites and their control can improve the cycle life and safety of many energy storage systems, including rechargeable lithium and zinc batteries. Another area where improved understanding is desirable is the application of ionic liquids as electrolytes in energy storage systems. An ionic liquid is typically thought of as a material that is fully ionized (consisting only of anions and cations) and is fluid at or near room temperature. Some features of ionic liquids include a generally high thermal stability (up to 450 �C), a high electrochemical window (up to 6 V) and relatively high intrinsic conductivities. Such features make them attractive as battery or capacitor electrolytes, and may enable batteries which are safer (due to the good thermal stability) and of much higher energy density (due to the higher voltage electrode materials which may be employed) than state of the art secondary (rechargeable) batteries. Of particular interest is the use of such liquids as electrolytes in metal air batteries, where energy densities on the order of 1-2,000 Wh / kg are possible; this is 5-10 times that of existing state of the art lithium battery technology. The Energy Institute has been engaged in the development of flow-assisted nickel zinc battery technology. This technology has the promise of enabling low-cost (<$250 / kWh) energy storage, while overcoming the historical poor cycle-life drawback. To date, the results have been promising, with a cycle life of 1,500 cycles demonstrated in small laboratory cells � an improvement of approximately 400%. Prior state of the art nickel zinc batteries have only demonstrated about 400 cycles to failure.
Development of Liquid-Vapor Core Reactors with MHD Generator for Space Power and Propulsion Applications
Any reactor that utilizes fuel consisting of a fissile material in a gaseous state may be referred to as a gaseous core reactor (GCR). Studies on GCRs have primarily been limited to the conceptual phase, mostly due to budget cuts and program cancellations in the early 1970's. A few scientific experiments have been conducted on candidate concepts, primarily of static pressure fissile gas filling a cylindrical or spherical cavity surrounded by a moderating shell, such as beryllium, heavy water, or graphite. The main interest in this area of nuclear power generation is for space applications. The interest in space applications has developed due to the promise of significant enhancement in fuel utilization, safety, plant efficiency, special high-performance features, load-following capabilities, power conversion optimization, and other key aspects of nuclear power generation. The design of a successful GCR adapted for use in space is complicated. The fissile material studied in the pa st has been in a fluorine compound, either a tetrafluoride or a hexafluoride. Both of these molecules have an impact on the structural material used in the making of a GCR. Uranium hexafluoride as a fuel allows for a lower operating temperature, but at temperatures greater than 900K becomes essentially impossible to contain. This difficulty with the use of UF6 has caused engineers and scientists to use uranium tetrafluoride, which is a more stable molecule but has the disadvantage of requiring significantly higher operating temperatures. Gas core reactors have traditionally been studied in a steady state configuration. In this manner a fissile gas and working fluid are introduced into the core, called a cavity, that is surrounded by a reflector constructed of materials such as Be or BeO. These reactors have often been described as cavity reactors because the density of the fissile gas is low and criticality is achieved only by means of the reflector to reduce neutron leakage from the core. Still there are problems of containment since many of the proposed vessel materials such as W or Mo have high neutron cross sections making the design of a critical system difficult. There is also the possibility for a GCR to remain in a subcritical state, and by the use of a shockwave mechanism, increase the pressure and temperature inside the core to achieve criticality. This type of GCR is referred to as a shockwave-driven pulsed gas core reactor. These two basic designs were evaluated as advance concepts for space power and propulsion.
Samim Anghaie