text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Water-heating dehumidifier
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A water-heating dehumidifier includes a refrigerant loop including a compressor, at least one condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator including an evaporator fan. The condenser includes a water inlet and a water outlet for flowing water therethrough or proximate thereto, or is affixed to the tank or immersed into the tank to effect water heating without flowing water. The immersed condenser design includes a self-insulated capillary tube expansion device for simplicity and high efficiency. In a water heating mode air is drawn by the evaporator fan across the evaporator to produce cooled and dehumidified air and heat taken from the air is absorbed by the refrigerant at the evaporator and is pumped to the condenser, where water is heated. When the tank of water heater is full of hot water or a humidistat set point is reached, the water-heating dehumidifier can switch to run as a dehumidifier.
Tomlinson, John J. (Knoxville, TN)
Performance optimization of rotary dehumidifiers
SciTech Connect
A rotary dehumidifier consists of a rotating porous matrix made of a desiccant with mechanically supporting materials. The dehumidification performance of a rotary dehumidifier wheel depends on its rotational speed, the sorption properties of the desiccant, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the matrix, and the size of the dehumidifier. The effect of the rotational speed on the dehumidification performance of a rotary dehumidifier has been investigated by Zheng, Worek, and Novosel (1993). this paper extends that previous work and investigates the effects of desiccant sorption properties, the heat and mass transfer characteristics, and the size of the rotary dehumidifier on the dehumidification performance. The results show that the using desiccant materials in a rotary dehumidifier with different adsorption characteristics results in a wide variation in dehumidification performance. However, the maximum performance of a rotary dehumidifier occurs for a desiccant material having an isotherm shape that can be characterized to have a separation factor of 0.07. Also, as the desiccant moisture uptake increases, the dehumidifier performance also increases. However, the performance improvement for a desiccant matrix having a maximum moisture uptake of larger than 0.25 by weight is not significant. The heat and mass transfer properties and the size of rotary dehumidifier are characterized by the number of transfer units NTU. Generally, the larger the NTU, the better dehumidification performance. However, similar to the maximum moisture uptake, when the NTU is larger than 12, the performance will not improve significantly. Also, the dehumidifier with the most favorable adsorption characteristic has a slower rotational speed, which results in lower power requirements to rotate the desiccant wheel and smaller carry-over losses.
Zheng, W.; Worek, W.M. [Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Novosel, D. [Gas Research Inst., Chicago, IL (United States)
Solar powered dehumidifier apparatus
A thermally insulated light transmitting housing forms a chamber containing a desiccant and having a first gas port open to the ambient and a second gas port connected by a two way valve to a volume to be dried. Solar energy transmitted through the housing heats and dries the desiccant. The increased air pressure due to the heating of the volume to be dried causes the air from the volume to be expelled through the valve into the chamber. The desiccant is then cooled by shielding it from solar energy before the volume cools thereby increasing its moisture absorbing capacity. Then the volume is allowed to cool drawing dehumidified air through the desiccant and the valve into the volume to be dried. This cycle is then repeated.
Jebens, Robert W. (Skillman, NJ)
Building Technologies Office: Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Residential Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and Cooking Products, and Commercial Clothes Washers ANOPR Public Meeting to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and Cooking Products, and Commercial Clothes Washers ANOPR Public Meeting on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies Office: Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and Cooking Products, and Commercial Clothes Washers ANOPR Public Meeting on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and Cooking Products, and Commercial Clothes Washers ANOPR Public Meeting on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Residential Dishwashers, Dehumidifiers, and Cooking Products, and Commercial Clothes Washers ANOPR
List of Dehumidifiers Incentives | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Dehumidifiers Incentives Dehumidifiers Incentives Jump to: navigation, search The following contains the list of 159 Dehumidifiers Incentives. CSV (rows 1 - 159) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active AEP Ohio (Gas) - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program (Ohio) Utility Rebate Program Ohio Residential Building Insulation Ceiling Fan Central Air conditioners Custom/Others pending approval Dehumidifiers Duct/Air sealing Heat pumps Lighting Motors Programmable Thermostats Windows Yes Alexandria Light and Power - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program (Minnesota) Utility Rebate Program Minnesota Residential Central Air conditioners Clothes Washers Dehumidifiers Dishwasher Energy Mgmt. Systems/Building Controls Heat pumps Lighting
Dehumidifying Heat Pipes | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Dehumidifying Heat Pipes Dehumidifying Heat Pipes Dehumidifying Heat Pipes June 24, 2012 - 4:32pm Addthis In order to make a room comfortable in hot, humid climates, an air conditioner must lower the indoor humidity level as well as the air temperature. If an air conditioner fails to lower the humidity adequately, the air will be cool, but will feel uncomfortably damp. Inappropriately sized air conditioners are prone to this problem; large units quickly cool the air, but cycle off before they can properly dehumidify it. In extremely humid climates, even correctly sized air conditioning equipment could fail to maintain a home at a comfortable humidity level. One technology that addresses this problem is the dehumidifying heat pipe, a device that enables an air conditioner to dehumidify better and still
Experimental Results on Advanced Rotary Desiccant Dehumidifiers
E-Print Network (OSTI)
The Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) has developed the Cyclic Test Facility (CTF) to develop and validate analytical methods for evaluating and predicting the performance of advanced rotary dehumidifiers. This paper describes the CTF, the dehumidifiers tested at the CTF, and the analytical methods used. The results reported provide an engineering data base and a design tool for evaluating rotary dehumidifiers for desiccant cooling applications.
Barathan, D.; Parsons, J. M.; MaClaine-Cross, I.
Experimental results on advanced rotary desiccant dehumidifiers
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Bharathan, D.; Parsons, J.; Maclaine-cross, I.
Water-heating dehumidifier - Energy Innovation Portal
A water-heating dehumidifier includes a refrigerant loop including a compressor, at least one condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator including an evaporator ...
Laboratory Performance Testing of Residential Dehumidifiers
Laboratory Performance Laboratory Performance Testing of Residential Dehumidifiers Building America Stakeholders Meeting Jon Winkler March 2, 2012 2 Motivation * Solution: Performance map across a variety of operating conditions Dehumidifier Manufacturer Data ( ) in in RH T f e Performanc , = 80 F 60% RH Normalized Energy Factor Entering Drybulb Temperature (°C) Simulation Tool Input ? 3 ENERGY STAR Efficiency Criteria 1 2 3 4 0 30 60 90 120 150 Energy Factor (L/kWh) Dehumidifier Capacity (pints/day) ENERGY STAR v2.0 Efficiency Criteria Dehumidifiers Tested ENERGY STAR Products Non ENERGY STAR Products v3.0 Criteria 4 NREL Technical Report Laboratory Test Report for Six ENERGY STAR® Dehumidifiers Jon Winkler, Dane Christensen, and Jeff Tomerlin NREL/TP-5500-52791 December 2011
Dehumidifying Air for Cooling & Refrigeration: Nanotechnology Membrane-based Dehumidifier
Broad Funding Opportunity Announcement Project: Dais is developing a product called NanoAir which dehumidifies the air entering a building to make air conditioning more energy efficient. The system uses a polymer membrane that allows moisture but not air to pass through it. A vacuum behind the membrane pulls water vapor from the air, and a second set of membranes releases the water vapor outside. The membrane�s high selectivity translates into reduced energy consumption for dehumidification. Dais� design goals for NanoAir are the use of proprietary materials and processes and industry-standard installation techniques. NanoAir is also complementary to many other energy saving strategies, including energy recovery.
NREL Tests Dehumidifiers, Defines Simplified Simulation Model (Fact Sheet)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Study of residential dehumidifiers results in practical performance curves for use in whole-building simulation tools.
Not Available
Performance of cross-cooled desiccant dehumidifiers
A cross-cooled silica gel desiccant dehumidifier model was designed, built and tested. The performance of the unit was studied as a function of inlet process stream dew point, process stream and cooling stream flowrates and regeneration stream temperature and dew point. The tests were also simulated by a computer program and were compared to the experimental results.
Mei, V.C.; Lavan, Z.
Laboratory Performance Testing of Residential Dehumidifiers (Presentation)
Six residential vapor compression cycle dehumidifiers spanning the available range of capacities and efficiencies were tested in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems Laboratory. Each was tested under a wide range of indoor air conditions to facilitate the development of performance curves for use in whole-building simulation tools.
Winkler, J.
Assessment of dehumidifier geometries for desiccant cooling systems
Five dehumidifier designs are evaluated in this report - three from existing prototype cooling systems (from AiResearch, IGT, and IIT) and two (from UCLA and SERI) that have not yet been tested in a complete cooling system. The basic principles of heat and mass regenerators and the requirements of the solar cooling application have been combined to generate a list of desirable characteristics for dehumidifiers. The five designs are described and compared quantitatively; compared characteristics are related directly to the list of desirable characteristics. System performance is considered as well as isolated dehumidifier parameters. Preliminary simulations indicate that a system using the SERI dehumidifier design could achieve a design-point COP greater than unity without causing significant increases in parasitic power, system size, or system cost, compared with existing prototypes. Because of the high potential of the wound-ribbon design, it is recommended that a research program be carried out to fully characterize this type of dehumidifier.
Barlow, R.S.
Experimental study of an advanced silica gel dehumidifier
This report contains results of work done to experimentally characterize the performance of an advanced, rotary, desiccant dehumidifier and to develop and validate analytical methods for evaluating its performance in air-conditioning systems. A facility, the Cyclic Test Facility, and a test and analysis procedure were developed to evaluate the performance of the dehumidifier. A series of tests was undertaken to understand the simultaneous heat- and mass-transfer processes. An advanced dehumidifier test article was tested under cyclic operation to fully characterize its performance. Brief accounts of this facility, with its hardware and instrumentation, and detailed accounts of the test data and data reduction and analysis methods are presented. The data provide an engineering data base for evaluating rotary dehumidifiers for cooling applications. The dehumidifier's performance, as measured by the effectiveness, agreed with theory to within plus or minus 10%. 16 refs., 16 figs., 1 tab.
Bharathan, D.; Parsons, J.M.; Maclaine-cross, I.L.
A desiccant dehumidifier for electric vehicle heating
Vehicle heating requires a substantial amount of energy. Engines in conventional cars produce enough waste heat to provide comfort heating and defogging/defrosting, even under very extreme conditions. Electric vehicles (EVs), however, generate little waste heat. Using battery energy for heating may consume a substantial fraction of the energy storage capacity, reducing the vehicle range, which is one of the most important parameters in determining EV acceptability. Water vapor generated by the vehicle passengers is in large part responsible for the high heating loads existing in vehicles. In cold climates, the generation of water vapor inside the car may result in water condensation on the windows, diminishing visibility. Two strategies are commonly used to avoid condensation on windows: windows are kept warm, and a large amount of ambient air is introduced in the vehicle. Either strategy results in a substantial heating load. These strategies are often used in combination, and a trade-off exists between them. If window temperature is decreased, ventilation rate has to be increased. Reducing the ventilation rate requires an increase of the temperature of the windows to prevent condensation. An alternative solution is a desiccant dehumidifier, which adsorbs water vapor generated by the passengers. Window temperatures and ventilation rates can then be reduced, resulting in a substantially lower heating load. This paper explores the dehumidifier heating concept. The first part shows the energy savings that could be obtained by using this technology. The second part specifies the required characteristics and dimensions of the system. The results indicate that the desiccant system can reduce the steady-state heating load by 60% or more under typical conditions. The reduction in heating load is such that waste heat may be enough to provide the required heating under most ambient conditions. Desiccant system dimensions and weight appear reasonable for packaging in an EV.
Aceves, S.M.; Smith, J.R.
Performance predictions of silica-gel desiccant dehumidifiers
The analysis of a cross-cooled desiccant dehumidifier using silica gel in the form of sheets is described. This unit is the principal component of solar powered desiccant air conditioning system. The mathematical model has first been formulated describing the dynamics of the dehumidifier. The model leads to a system of nonlinear coupled heat and mass transfer equations for the sorption processes and linear heat transfer equations for the purging processes. The model accounts for the gas film resistance and for the moisture diffusion in the desiccant. The governing equations are solved by a finite difference scheme to obtain periodic steady state solutions. The accuracy of the theoretical predictions is ascertained by comparing them with the experimental results. The performance of the dehumidifier, for a chosen set of initial conditions and dehumidifier parameters, has also been given.
Mathiprakasam, B.; Lavan, Z.
Development of a solar desiccant dehumidifier. Third technical progress report
This program is aimed at the development of a solar desiccant dehumidifier featuring a rotary bed of granular silica gel and a rotary regenerator. Design, fabrication, performance, commercialization studies, and test stand development are described in detail. (WHK)
Gunderson, M.E.
Heat and mass transfer analysis of a desiccant dehumidifier matrix
This report documents the SERI Single-Blow Test Facility's design, fabrication, and testing for characterizing desiccant dehumidifiers for solar cooling applications. The first test article, a silica-gel parallel-plate dehumidifier with highly uniform passages, was designed and fabricated. Transient heat and mass transfer data and pressure drop data across the dehumidifier were obtained. Available heat and mass transfer models were extended to the parallel-place geometry, and the experimental data were compared with model predictions. Pressure drop measurements were also compared with model predictions of the fully developed laminar flow theory. The comparisons between the lumped-capacitance model and the experimental data were satisfactory. The pressure drop data compared satisfactorily with the theory (within 15%). A solid-side resistance model that is more detailed and does not assume symmetrical diffusion in particles was recommended for performance. This study has increased our understanding of the heat and mass transfer in silica gel parallel-plate dehumidifiers.
Pesaran, A.A.
Experimental Investigation of the Padding Tower for Air Dehumidifier
Air conditioning with all fresh air is founded on the principle of dehumidifying by liquid desiccant. It has the characteristics of being clean, power-saving, easy to operate, and requiring low-grade heat. It is suitable for applying waste heat, and solar power as the heat source for regeneration. Hence, this system has a great latent potential for energy savings and environmental protection. The system chooses the padding tower as a dehumidifier and regenerator, which are often used in petrochemical industry. The system chooses a padding tower as a dehumidifier, and LiCl-Water as a liquid desiccant. The vapor in the air is absorbed by the spray of the LiCl solution, and then the absorbed vapor will be released by heating the absorbent. These processes form the circle of absorptive refrigeration operating in atmospheric pressure. This paper describes studies on the theory and experiment of the padding tower of the dehumidifying air conditioning, including selecting different padding and measuring the speed of the air flow and the solution flow and the pressure drop between the layers of the padding. The experimental and computational results indicate that the design parameters of the padding tower significantly influence the characteristics of the liquid desiccant air conditioning. Of these design parameters, the framework of the padding tower, ratio of the air and the concentration of the inlet solution is largest through the tower, the temperature and effects of the dehumidifying capability of the tower.
Wang, J.; Liu, J.; Li, C.; Zhang, G.; An, S.
Performance of a cross-cooled desiccant dehumidifier prototype
The cross-cooled dehumidifier prototype was constructed in the form of a cube with a side dimension of 0.6 m. The cross-cooling was achieved by passing air through rectangular channels perpendicular to process channels which are lined with desiccant sheets consisting of 9..mu..m Syloid 63/sup TM/ silica gel held in a Teflon web. The process for the manufacture of the silica gel sheets was developed at the Illinois Institute of Technology. The dehumidifier prototype was installed in a test system that simulated the performance of a cross-cooled desiccant cooling system and monitored the performance of the prototype. The dehumidifier prototype was operated over a wide range of operating conditions which would be typically encountered in the field installation of such a system. Variables measured were the moisture cycled, cooling capacity, total cooling capacity and coefficient of performance.
Worek, W.M.; Lavan, Z.
Statistical analysis of a silica gel rotary dehumidifier
A regression analysis was conducted on experimental data obtained during the testing of a solid desiccant dehumidifier at the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI has since been renamed the National Renewable Energy Laboratory). The data obtained was studied using statistical techniques to determine the regression equation for the temperature and humidity at the processed air outlet of the dehumidifier. These variables determine the cooling capacity and efficiency (Coefficient of Performance) of any desiccant cooling cycle. The analysis is used to determine the relative impact the input parameters have on the outlet temperature and humidity.
Kini, A.; Waugaman, D.G.; Kettleborough, C.F. (Texas A and M Univ., College Station (United States))
Laboratory Test Report for Six ENERGY STAR Dehumidifiers
This report documents the measured performance of six residential ENERGY STAR vapor compression dehumidifiers. The performance of each was measured over a wide range of inlet air conditions and fit to a numerical model for capacity and efficiency. Performance curves were developed for use in EnergyPlus. Test data from all six dehumidifiers were also fit to generic performance curves. This work can be used by energy modelers and equipment manufacturers to understand how current products will operate in a wide range of environments, and to develop advanced space conditioning systems for efficient, safe, durable and healthy homes.
Winkler, J.; Christensen, D.; Tomerlin, J.
Rechargeable electric battery system
A rechargable battery, system and method for controlling its operation and the recharging thereof in order to prolong the useful life of the battery and to optimize its operation is disclosed. In one form, an electronic microprocessor is provided within or attached to the battery for receiving and processing electrical signals generated by one or more sensors of battery operational variable and for generating output signals which may be employed to control the charge of the battery and to display one or more variables concerned with the battery operation.
Lemelson, J.H.
Facility design for cyclic testing of advanced solid desiccant dehumidifiers
The development of high performance components is required to reach the goal of desiccant cooling system cost-competitiveness with conventional vapor compensation air conditioning systems. SERI has designed a laminar flow, parallel passage dehumidifier that has this potential. The goal of SERI's desiccant cooling research program is to fully characterize experimentally the performance of the parallel passage dehumidifier under a wide range of operating conditions, investigate improvements in design, and verify existing models of dehumidifier performance against experimental results. This report documents the design of the SERI Desiccant Cooling Test Facility for performing the above testing. With slight modifications, the testing can be used for testing other desiccant cooling system components. The dehumidifier processes and the parameters and variables needed to control and characterize its performance are presented. The physical layout of the test loop and instrumentation for monitoring the operating conditions and dehumidifer performance and the controls for maintaining the operating conditions are specified. The computerized data acquisition system conversion equations and an error analysis of measurement variables are also presented.
Schlepp, D.; Schultz, K.; Zangrando, F.
Analysis of a Fabric/Desiccant Window Cavity Dehumidifier
This paper presents the results of an exploratory study of a fabric/desiccant window cavity dehumidifier system for possible use in commercial buildings. The objective was to evaluate fabrics commonly used in buildings, and system concepts that employ these fabrics, which can be used to dehumidify room air. We developed a first-order energy/mass balance model to determine the performance of a window cavity dehumidifier that uses silica gel encapsulated in a fabric matrix rotating on a belt alternately through dehumidification and regeneration chambers; the modeling effort was supplemented by environmental chamber measurements of the moisture absorption characteristics of 16 fabric/desiccant combinations. We ran the model for a typical office building module, for outside air design conditions characteristic of the most difficult humidity regime in Texas. Two flow configurations, outside air and return air, were evaluated to determine the capability of such a system to dehumidify the air streams under consideration. Issues addressed included the physical limitations on the amount of desiccant that can be included in this configuration and the degree of dehumidification achievable.
Hunn, B. D.; Grasso, M. M.; Vadlamani, V.
Development of an Energy Efficient Desiccant Dehumidifier : Final Report.
Humidity control in space conditioning has received a good deal of attention in the past twenty or so years. Perhaps the most familiar application is the use of humidifiers in the winter months. Of equal concern is the use of air conditions and dehumidifiers in the summer months. High humidity levels in summer months require lower coil temperatures in order to achieve human comfort levels, and may result in significant product and property damage if humidity levels are not controlled at appropriate level. This study addresses the solid desiccant dehumidifier using IR heaters as an energy efficient desiccant dehumidifier (EEDD). The study is divided into two phases; Phase 1 -- Application assessment; and Phase 2: Prototype design, manufacture, and testing. Phase 1 addresses the total electrical energy usage by all possible applications of the EEDD and evaluates the energy performance of the EEDD in terms of its percentage energy savings compared to the conventional vapor compression cooling and also with the state-of-the-art desiccant dehumidifiers. During Phase 2, a functional EEDD prototype unit was designed and manufactured. The work of Phase 2 was divided into four tasks: Task 1, conceptual design; Task 2, mechanical (blueprint) design; Task 3, manufacture and factory testing; and Task 4, performance testing. 17 refs., 21 figs., 30 tabs.
Relwani, Suresh M.; Moschandreas, Demetrios J.
Shutdown Protection of Steam Turbines Using Dehumidified Air
EPRI research has determined that proper protection of the steam turbine during shutdown periods is essential to the prevention of damage by stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. This report provides information on both the incipient damage of improper shutdown and techniques for assessing and applying dehumidified air for shutdown protection.
Test Report for Six Test Report for Six ENERGY STAR ® Dehumidifiers Jon Winkler, Ph.D., Dane Christensen, Ph.D., and Jeff Tomerlin Technical Report NREL/TP-5500-52791 December 2011 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Laboratory Test Report for Six ENERGY STAR ® Dehumidifiers Jon Winkler, Ph.D., Dane Christensen, Ph.D., and Jeff Tomerlin Prepared under Task No. BE11.0201 Technical Report NREL/TP-5500-52791 December 2011 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
High-performance dehumidifier for solar desiccant cooling systems
An advanced-design, one-tenth-scale dehumidifier for use in residential solar desiccant-cooling systems has been built and tested. The new dehumidifier was designed using a parallel-passage geometry, where air flows through channels formed by walls coated with fine-ground silica gel desiccant. This concept has a high heat and mass transfer effectiveness and promises to double the coefficient of performance of the desiccant cooling system to 1.1 kW cooling output/kW thermal input. The parallel-passage design was found to have very low pressure drop, typically 20 Pa (.08 in. water) at design conditions. The low fan power required to drive such low pressure drop components indicates that electrical COP's in the range of 8.0 to 8.2 kW cooling output/kW electrical input are possible. Results presented include parametric studies of the effect of conditions such as temperature and humidity and design parameters such as desiccant particle size and channel spacing on dehumidifier performance.
Schlepp, D.
Development of a solar desiccant dehumidifier. Second technical progress report
Research and development of a solar desiccant dehumidifier featuring a rotary bed of granular silica gel and a rotary regenerator for air conditioning is described. The results of the system optimization studies are presented. The studies involved an extensive investigation of the energy saving potential and economic viability of the solar desiccant dehumidifier in different locations in the United States. Conventional electric vapor compression, and solar absorption and Rankine systems also were investigated for comparison. In general, it was found that the solar desiccant equipment, either by itself or in a hybrid system with an electric vapor compression air conditioner, is economically viable for all three locations considered. Substantial energy savings can be effected as well. Seal tests done at AiResearch to develop practical dynamic air seals are described. Leakage and friction tests were performed on a variety of material combinations and configurations. Dacron felt and silicone rubber were found to give an acceptable combination of leakage, friction, and cost characteristics. As part of the commercialization studies for the desiccant equipment, a questionnaire was sent to residential air conditioning equipment distributors. The results of the questionnaire are presented. The specifications and drawings for the 1.5-ton prototype are included. (WHK)
Gunderson, M.E.; Hwang, K.C.; Railing, S.M.; Rousseau, J.
Performance Test and Energy Saving Analysis of a Heat Pipe Dehumidifier
Heat pipe technology applied to ventilation, dryness, and cooling and heating radiator in a building is introduced in this paper. A new kind of heat pipe dehumidifier is designed and tested. The energy-saving ratio with the heat pipe dehumidifier ranges from 11.81% to 30.34% compared with the normal dehumidifier, according to the performance testing. The dehumidification capacity and the surface cooler power increases, but the energy saving ratio is reduced with the increase of air relative humidity, dry bulb temperature and air quantity
Zhao, X.; Li, Q.; Yun, C.
Analysis of a Flat-Plate, Liquid-Desiccant, Dehumidifier and Regenerator.
??A numerical model for isothermal and non-isothermal flat-plate liquid-desiccant dehumidifiers and regenerators was developed and implemented. The two-dimensional model takes into account the desiccant, water� (more)
Mesquita, Lucio Cesar De Souza
LiCl Dehumidifier LiBr absorption chiller hybrid air conditioning system with energy recovery
This invention relates to a hybrid air conditioning system that combines a solar powered LiCl dehumidifier with a LiBr absorption chiller. The desiccant dehumidifier removes the latent load by absorbing moisture from the air, and the sensible load is removed by the absorption chiller. The desiccant dehumidifier is coupled to a regenerator and the desiccant in the regenerator is heated by solar heated hot water to drive the moisture therefrom before being fed back to the dehumidifier. The heat of vaporization expended in the desiccant regenerator is recovered and used to partially preheat the driving fluid of the absorption chiller, thus substantially improving the overall COP of the hybrid system.
Ko, Suk M. (Huntsville, AL)
Performance predictions of silica-gel desiccant dehumidifiers. Technical report No. 3
NREL Tests Dehumidifiers, Defines Simplified Simulation Model (Fact Sheet), NREL Highlights, Research & Development, NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
residential dehumidifiers residential dehumidifiers results in practical performance curves for use in whole-building simulation tools. Dehumidifiers remove moisture from a home's indoor environment, thereby increasing occupant comfort, improving air quality, and reducing the likelihood of mold, rot, and dust mites. To help energy professionals more easily evaluate this technology for the market, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) researchers tested the efficiency and capacity of a variety of dehumidifiers and developed a generalized approach to simulate any residential dehumidifier. The test results and modeling method are documented in a new report. Typically, dehumidifiers are only rated at a single temperature and humidity, so rating data alone cannot determine whether a product will meet the moisture removal
Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries.
??With the rapid development of portable electronics, hybrid-electric and electric cars, there is great interest in utilization of sulfur as cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries.� (more)
Zhao, Yan
Cross-cooled dehumidifier model test results and computer simulations
Research on the development of a solar operated cross-cooled desiccant cooling system is described. A 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm (6'' x 6'' x 6'') cross-cooled silica gel desiccant dehumidifier model was designed, built and tested. The process of producing the silica gel sheets, the design and construction of the unit, the test setup and the test procedures are described in detail. A total of twenty tests were performed to determine the effect of inlet process stream dew point, process stream and cooling stream flowrates and regeneration stream temperature and dew point, on the performance of the unit. The test results show that the unit performance improves with increasing regeneration temperature, process stream flowrate and process air inlet dew point. The unit performance decreases with increase of the regeneration stream dew point. The results clearly show that the process stream inlet dew point is the dominating factor and that the concept of cross-cooling works very well. With moderate cross-cooling, the unit performance can increase over 50%. All tests were simulated by a computer program. The experimental and theoretical results are in very good agreement.
Mei, V.; Lavan, Z.
Convective heat and mass transfer in compact regenerative dehumidifiers
Regular-density silica gel is identified as the candidate desiccant for regenerative dehumidification of humid air operating at low-regeneration temperatures and high-process humidities. The literature on the equilibrium sorption uptake of water vapor by R. D. silica gel is reviewed in this work, and a large number of experimental sorption data is collected from various technical reports. The Dubinin-Polanyi sorption theory for microporous adsorbents is discussed and applied to the sorptive data. A graphical presentation of the experimental data establishes the characteristic curve for the sorption of water vapor on silica gel. The Dubinin-Astakhov correlation is used to represent the equilibrium sorption isotherm and values for the characteristic sorption energies are determined by curve fitting with the experimental data. An accurate, generalized isotherm equation for the sorption of water vapor on regular density silica gel is presented in the first part of this work. The second part of this work presents an analytical and experimental investigation of the transient heat and mass transfer in laminar flow of humid air over a silica gel surface. Experimental results are presented for the transient response of a parallel-plate dehumidifier matrix in single-blow type experiments.
Van den Buick, E.
Facilities for testing desiccant materials and geometries of dehumidifiers for solar-regenerated desiccant cooling systems
Four experimental test facilities for characterizing the performance of solid desiccant materials and dehumidifier matrices which have the potential to be used in solar-regenerated desiccant cooling systems are reviewed. The water equilibrium capacity and sorption rates of desiccant materials, depending on their form, can be either measured with a quartz crystal microbalance or a desiccant sorption test facility. Pressure drop, heat- and mass-transfer rates and transient equilibrium dehumidification capacity of a dehumidifier matrices are measured in a desiccant heat and mass transfer test facility. The performance and steady state dehumidification capabilities of prototype dehumidifier components under realistic conditions are measured in a desiccant cyclic test facility. The description of the test apparatus, experimental procedure, measurement errors, and typical results for the four test facilities are presented here. 15 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
Pesaran, A.A.; Bingham, C.E.
Testing of a solar powered cooling system using cross-cooled desiccant dehumidifiers
A solar powered desiccant cooling system using two fixed bed silica gel dehumidifiers has been designed, built and is being tested. The dehumidifiers, 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6 m each, are constructed of 80 channels lined with 64 m/sup 2/ of 1.5 mm thick silica gel sheets. The bed is cooled by air flowing in an equal number of perpendicular channels. Both sets of channels are two mm wide, the dehumidifiers undergo adsorption, preheating, desorption and precooling in a cyclic fashion. The cooling capacity of the experimental system is one ton at ARI design conditions. The system has a high cooling capacity, high COP, low parasitic power consumption and requires low regeneration temperatures.
Monnier, J.B.; Worek, W.M.; Lavan, Z.
Recharge Elec. Upgrade Type
battery can be plugged in to an electric outlet to be recharged. Background: PHEVs 1. How many U" cost) · Variety of upgrade packages selected--some with zero upgrades · Most popular upgrade" Price Scenario ("home recharges" only) · "Base" PHEV=$3,000 premium · Added costs for upgrades (Full
California at Davis, University of
Experimental studies of heat and mass exchange in parallel-passage rotary desiccant dehumidifiers for solar cooling applications
This report presents results of work done to experimentally characterize the performance of rotary desiccant dehumidifiers and to develop and validate analytical methods for evaluating their performance in air-conditioning systems. A facility, the Cyclic Test Facility, and a test-and-analysis procedure were developed to evaluate the performance of the rotary dehumidifiers. Experiments were performed to develop a basic understanding of the simultaneous heat- and mass-transfer processes in the dehumidifiers. Two test articles were tested under cyclic operation to characterize their performance. Detailed accounts of the Cyclic Test Facility, its hardware and instrumentation, the two test articles, and data reduction and analysis methods are provided. The data provide an engineering data base for evaluating rotary desiccant dehumidifiers for cooling applications. 46 refs., 26 figs., 3 tabs.
Lithium ion rechargeable systems studies
Lithium ion systems, although relatively new, have attracted much interest worldwide. Their high energy density, long cycle life and relative safety, compared with metallic lithium rechargeable systems, make them prime candidates for powering portable electronic equipment. Although lithium ion cells are presently used in a few consumer devices, e.g., portable phones, camcorders, and laptop computers, there is room for considerable improvement in their performance. Specific areas that need to be addressed include: (1) carbon anode--increase reversible capacity, and minimize passivation; (2) cathode--extend cycle life, improve rate capability, and increase capacity. There are several programs ongoing at Sandia National Laboratories which are investigating means of achieving the stated objectives in these specific areas. This paper will review these programs.
Levy, S.C.; Lasasse, R.R.; Cygan, R.T.; Voigt, J.A.
On the use of the parabolic concentration profile assumption for a rotary desiccant dehumidifier
The current work describes a model for a desiccant dehumidifier which uses a parabolic concentration profile assumption to model the diffusion resistance inside the desiccant particle. The relative merits of the parabolic concentration profile model compared with widely utilized rotary desiccant wheel models are discussed. The periodic steady-state parabolic concentration profile model developed is efficient and can accommodate a variety of materials. These features make it an excellent tool for design studies requiring repetitive desiccant wheel simulations. A quartic concentration profile assumption was also investigated which yielded a 2.8 percent average improvement in prediction error over the parabolic model.
Chant, E.E. [Univ. of Turabo, Gurabo (Puerto Rico); Jeter, S.M. [Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
Universal connector for rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries
In an electrical product having battery recharging means and a load adapted for energization from a battery, a battery connector is described which consists of: terminal means adapted to contact the output terminals of either a non-rechargeable battery having a first physical configuration or a rechargeable battery having a second physical configuration, the terminal means coupled to the load of the product such that the load may be energized from either the non-rechargeable battery or the rechargeable battery; circuit means coupling the terminal means and the battery recharging means, the circuit means including a switch having an open state preventing charging through the circuit means of a battery coupled to the terminal means and a closed state permitting charging through the circuit means of a battery coupled to the terminal means; and biased actuating means coupled to the switch for moving the switch between its closed and open sites, the actuating means adapted to coact with the first physical configuration of a non-rechargeable battery to move the switch against a bias to its open state and adapted to coact with the second physical configuration of a rechargeable battery to allow the switch to move with the bias to its closed state; whereby the physical configurations of a battery connected to the battery connector determines whether or not the battery will be charged.
Mundschenk, G.R.; Decker, R.C.
Self-Regulating, Nonflamable Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ...
Rechargeable lithium batteries are superior to other rechargeable batteries due to their ability to store more energy per unit size and weight and to operate at ...
Rechargeable Batteries, Photochromics, Electrochemical Lithography: From
Rechargeable Batteries, Photochromics, Electrochemical Lithography: From Rechargeable Batteries, Photochromics, Electrochemical Lithography: From Interfacial Studies to Practical Applications Speaker(s): Robert Kostecki Date: January 11, 2001 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Satkartar K. Kinney The constantly growing power requirements of portable electronic devices and the need for high-power batteries for electric vehicles have created a strong demand for new batteries or substantial improvements of existing ones. Fundamental problems associated with complex interfacial processes in batteries must be resolved to enhance battery performance and lifetime. An overview of the principles of electrode-electrolyte interfacial studies, experimental methods, recent results, and potential applications will be presented. Advanced instrumental techniques and
Comparison of the performance of open cycle air conditioners utilizing rotary desiccant dehumidifiers
This paper presents the results of an investigation of open cycle cooling systems using rotary desiccant dehumidifiers. Three systems, the ventilation, recirculation, and Dunkle cycles have been modeled. The performance of these systems coupled with an air-based solar system has been determined using TRNSYS simulations of system operation in four representative US climates. The system COP, fraction of the total cooling load met by the desiccant system, and fraction of the thermal energy provided by solar energy are compared. An assessment of the effect of climate and system parameters on the relative performance of the three system configurations is made. It is shown that in order to meet residential loads of 7 to 11 kW with a COP on the order of unity, systems with high effectiveness must be employed. These systems were also found to perform well when operated solely with a solar thermal input.
Jurinak, J.J.; Beckman, W.A.
SERI Desiccant Cooling Test Facility. Status report. Preliminary data on the performance of a rotary parallel-passage silica-gel dehumidifier
This report describes the SERI Desiccant Cooling Test Facility. The facility can test bench-scale rotary dehumidifiers over a wide range of controlled conditions. We constructed and installed in the test loop a prototype parallel-passage rotary dehumidifier that has spirally wound polyester tape coated with silica gel. The initial tests gave satisfactory results indicating that approximately 90% of the silica gel was active and the overall Lewis number of the wheel was near unity. The facility has several minor difficulties including an inability to control humidity satisfactorily and nonuniform and highly turbulent inlet velocities. To completely validate the facility requires a range of dehumidifier designs. Several choices are available including constructing a second parallel-passage dehumidifier with the passage spacing more uniform.
Schultz, K.J.
Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
In order to obviate the deficiencies of currently used electrolytes in lithium rechargeable batteries, there is a compelling need for the development of solvent-free, highly conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). The problem will be addressed by synthesizing a new class of block copolymers and plasticizers, which will be used in the formulation of highly conducting electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. The main objective of this Phase-I effort is to determine the efficacy and commercial prospects of new specifically designed SPEs for use in electric and hybrid electric vehicle (EV/HEV) batteries. This goal will be achieved by preparing the SPEs on a small scale with thorough analyses of their physical, chemical, thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties. SPEs will play a key role in the formulation of next generation lithium-ion batteries and will have a major impact on the future development of EVs/HEVs and a broad range of consumer products, e.g., computers, camcorders, cell phones, cameras, and power tools.
Robert Filler, Zhong Shi and Braja Mandal
Design and testing a solar cooling system employing liquid desiccants: Dehumidifier experiments in Colorado State University Solar House II: Final report, 1986--1987
A nominal 3-ton (10.5-kW) lithium bromide, open-cycle desiccant cooling system has been designed, installed, and operated. This experimental system dehumidifies ambient air in a packed bed utilizing an aqueous solution of lithium bromide. The absorbent solution is distributed by spray nozzles and flows countercurrent to the air. The dilute solution exiting the dehumidifier is concentrated in a packed bed regenerator by solar heated air. The strong solution is cooled by two heat exchangers before reentering the dehumidifier. Provisions to simulate conditions of high ambient humidity and temperature have been made. Experiments on the dehumidifier operating in a decoupled mode (without countercurrent regenerator operation) have been carried out. Cooling capacities in the range of 1.0--4.0 refrigeration tons have been achieved, depending upon the operating conditions. The effect of different independent variables on the capacity of the dehumidifier has been studied. An empirical equation correlating the variables have been obtained by statistical analysis of the data. The equation obtained indicates that the capacity of the dehumidifier depends strongly on the solution concentration, solution flow rate, air inlet temperature and the air humidity. Two other variables studied, the solution inlet temperature and the air flow rate, did not affect the cooling capacity greatly. The dependence of condensation rate on each of the variables is analyzed. 22 refs., 17 figs., 3 tabs.
Lenz, T.G.; Loef, G.O.G.; Patnaik, S.
Development of a solar desiccant dehumidifier. Volume 1. Summary. Volume 2. Detailed technical information. Technical progress report
Research and development work aimed at the development of a solar desiccant dehumidifier is described in detail. The system features a rotary bed of granular silica gel and a rotary regenerator. The dehumidifier can be used for air conditioning through adiabatic saturation of the process airstream. Detailed technical information is presented in the appendices: (A) management, (B) review of the literature: state-of-the-art survey and SERI meeting, (C) review of the literature: adsorbent survey, (D) design requirements and evaluation criteria, (E) design requirements and evaluation criteria, single-family house model, (F) design requirements and evaluation criteria, economic model, (G) design requirements and evaluation criteria: conventional system models for comparison, (H) candidate cooling subsystems, (I) subsystem computer model, (J) subsystem performance map, and (K) subsystem preliminary design. (WHK)
Gunderson, M.E.; Hwang, K.C.; Railing, S.M.
Survey of rechargeable battery technology
We have reviewed rechargeable battery technology options for a specialized application in unmanned high altitude aircraft. Consideration was given to all rechargeable battery technologies that are available commercially or might be available in the foreseeable future. The LLNL application was found to impose very demanding performance requirements which cannot be met by existing commercially available battery technologies. The most demanding requirement is for high energy density. The technology that comes closest to providing the LLNL requirements is silver-zinc, although the technology exhibits significant shortfalls in energy density, charge rate capability and cyclability. There is no battery technology available ``off-the-shelf` today that can satisfy the LLNL performance requirements. All rechargeable battery technologies with the possibility of approaching/meeting the energy density requirements were reviewed. Vendor interviews were carried out for all relevant technologies. A large number of rechargeable battery systems have been developed over the years, though a much smaller number have achieved commercial success and general availability. The theoretical energy densities for these systems are summarized. It should be noted that a generally useful ``rule-of-thumb`` is that the ratio of packaged to theoretical energy density has proven to be less than 30%, and generally less than 25%. Data developed for this project confirm the usefulness of the general rule. However, data shown for the silver-zinc (AgZn) system show a greater conversion of theoretical to practical energy density than would be expected due to the very large cell sizes considered and the unusually high density of the active materials.
Assessing Consumer Values and the Supply-Chain Market for the Integrated Water Heater/Dehumidifier
This paper presents a case study of the potential market for the dual-service residential integrated water heater/dehumidifier (WHD). Its principal purpose is to evaluate the extent to which this integrated appliance might penetrate the residential market sector, given current market trends, producer and consumer attributes, and technical parameters. The report's secondary purpose is to gather background information leading to a generic framework for conducting market analyses of technologies. This framework can be used to assess market readiness as well as factor preferred product attributes into the design to drive consumer demand for this product. This study also supports analysis for prototype design. A full market analysis for potential commercialization should be conducted after prototype development. The integrated WHD is essentially a heat-pump water heater (HPWH) with components and controls that allow dedicated dehumidification. Adequate residential humidity control is a growing issue for newly constructed residential homes, which are insulated so well that mechanical ventilation may be necessary to meet fresh air requirements. Leveraging its successful experience with the energy-efficient design improvement for the residential HPWH, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) Engineering Science and Technology Division's (ESTD's) Building Equipment Group designed a water-heating appliance that combines HPWH efficiency with dedicated dehumidification. This integrated appliance could be a low-cost solution for dehumidification and efficient electric water heating. ORNL is partnering with Western Carolina University, Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College, American Carolina Stamping Company, and Clemson University to develop this appliance and assess its market potential. For practical purposes, consumers are indifferent to how water is heated but are very interested in product attributes such as initial first cost, operating cost, performance, serviceability, product size, and installation costs. The principal drivers for penetrating markets are demonstrating reliability, leveraging the dehumidification attributes of the integrated WHD, and creating programs that embrace first-cost and life-cycle cost principles.
Ashdown, BG
High-Capacity Micrometer-Sized Li2S Particles as Cathode Materials for Advanced Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium-Ion Batteries Yuan Yang, Guangyuan Zheng, Sumohan Misra,§ Johanna Nelson,§ Michael F. Toney as the cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy. INTRODUCTION Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in portable electronics and are promising
Cui, Yi
ELECTRIC VEHICLE RECHARGING STATIONS Several National Laboratory contractors have asked us whether Department of Energy ("Department" or "DOE") appropriated funds may be used to...
Systems approach to rechargeable batteries
When selecting a rechargeable battery for an application, consideration must be given to the total system. Electrical load requirements, mechanical restrictions, environmental conditions, battery life, and charging must be considered to assure satisfactory battery performance. Meeting the electrical requirements involves selecting a battery that will deliver adequate voltage, run time and power. The mechanical aspects are largely a matter of resolving volume and weight. The charger must be capable of returning the battery to full charge in an allotted time. But of greater importance, the charge control method should be chosen carefully to maximize the operational life of the battery. 4 refs.
Mullersman, F.H.
Transformer Recharging with Alpha Channeling in Tokamaks
Transformer recharging with lower hybrid waves in tokamaks can give low average auxiliary power if the resistivity is kept high enough during the radio frequency (rf) recharging stage. At the same time, operation in the hot ion mode via alpha channeling increases the effective fusion reactivity. This paper will address the extent to which these two large cost saving steps are compatible. __________________________________________________
N.J. Fisch
Active time scheduling for rechargeable sensor networks
Recent progress in energy harvesting technologies made it possible to build sensor networks with rechargeable nodes which target an indefinitely long operation. In these networks, the goal of energy management is to allocate the available energy such ... Keywords: Energy harvesting, Rechargeable, Sensor network
Volodymyr Pryyma; Damla Turgut; Ladislau B�l�ni
Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries: A...
Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries: A New Synthetic Approach Technology available for licensing: New high-energy cathode materials for use in rechargeable...
High-rate capable organic radical cathodes for lithium rechargeable...
High-rate capable organic radical cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries Title High-rate capable organic radical cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries Publication Type...
Rechargeable Heat Battery's Secret Revealed: Solar Energy Capture...
Rechargeable Heat Battery Rechargeable Heat Battery's Secret Revealed Solar energy capture in chemical form makes it storable and transportable January 11, 2011 | Tags: Chemistry,...
GC GUIDANCE ON ELECTRIC VEHICLE RECHARGING STATIONS | Department...
ELECTRIC VEHICLE RECHARGING STATIONS GC GUIDANCE ON ELECTRIC VEHICLE RECHARGING STATIONS Several National Laboratory contractors have asked whether appropriated funds may be used...
Rechargeable lithium-ion cell
The invention relates to a rechargeable lithium-ion cell, a method for its manufacture, and its application. The cell is distinguished by the fact that it has a metallic housing (21) which is electrically insulated internally by two half shells (15), which cover electrode plates (8) and main output tabs (7) and are composed of a non-conductive material, where the metallic housing is electrically insulated externally by means of an insulation coating. The cell also has a bursting membrane (4) which, in its normal position, is located above the electrolyte level of the cell (1). In addition, the cell has a twisting protection (6) which extends over the entire surface of the cover (2) and provides centering and assembly functions for the electrode package, which comprises the electrode plates (8).
Bechtold, Dieter (Bad Vilbel, DE); Bartke, Dietrich (Kelkheim, DE); Kramer, Peter (Konigstein, DE); Kretzschmar, Reiner (Kelkheim, DE); Vollbert, Jurgen (Hattersheim, DE)
Improving Comfort in Hot-Humid Climates with a Whole-House Dehumidifier, Windermere, Florida (Fact Sheet)
Maintaining comfort in a home can be challenging in hot-humid climates. At the common summer temperature set point of 75 degrees F, the perceived air temperature can vary by 11 degrees F because higher indoor humidity reduces comfort. Often the air conditioner (AC) thermostat set point is lower than the desirable cooling level to try to increase moisture removal so that the interior air is not humid or "muggy." However, this method is not always effective in maintaining indoor relative humidity (RH) or comfort. In order to quantify the performance of a combined whole-house dehumidifier (WHD) AC system, researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America team Consortium of Advanced Residential Buildings (CARB) monitored the operation of two Lennox AC systems coupled with a Honeywell DH150 TrueDRY whole-house dehumidifier for a six-month period. By using a WHD to control moisture levels (latent cooling) and optimizing a central AC to control temperature (sensible cooling), improvements in comfort can be achieved while reducing utility costs. Indoor comfort for this study was defined as maintaining indoor conditions at below 60% RH and a humidity ratio of 0.012 lbm/lbm while at common dry bulb set point temperatures of 74 degrees -80 degrees F. In addition to enhanced comfort, controlling moisture to these levels can reduce the risk of other potential issues such as mold growth, pests, and building component degradation. Because a standard AC must also reduce dry bulb air temperature in order to remove moisture, a WHD is typically needed to support these latent loads when sensible heat removal is not desired.
Issue and challenges facing rechargeable thin film lithium batteries
New materials hold the key to fundamental advances in energy conversion and storage, both of which are vital in order to meet the challenge of global warming and the finite nature of fossil fuels. Nanomaterials in particular offer unique properties or combinations of properties as electrodes and electrolytes in a range of energy devices. Technological improvements in rechargeable solid-state batteries are being driven by an ever-increasing demand for portable electronic devices. Lithium batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible, lightweight design and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. We present a brief historical review of the development of lithium-based thin film rechargeable batteries highlight ongoing research strategies and discuss the challenges that remain regarding the discovery of nanomaterials as electrolytes and electrodes for lithium batteries also this article describes the possible evolution of lithium technology and evaluates the expected improvements, arising from new materials to cell technology. New active materials under investigation and electrode process improvements may allow an ultimate final energy density of more than 500 Wh/L and 200 Wh/kg, in the next 5-6 years, while maintaining sufficient power densities. A new rechargeable battery technology cannot be foreseen today that surpasses this. This report will provide key performance results for thin film batteries and highlight recent advances in their development.
Patil, Arun; Patil, Vaishali; Shin, Dong Wook; Choi, Ji-Won; Paik, Dong-Soo [Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791 (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Seok-Jin [Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791 (Korea, Republic of)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Design of an AUV recharging system
The utility of present Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) is limited by their on-board energy storage capability. Research indicates that rechargeable batteries will continue to be the AUV power source of choice for at ...
Gish, Lynn Andrew
Nanostructured, Rechargeable Solid-State Composite Batteries
Research on all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries has increased considerably in recent years due to raised concerns relating to safety hazards such as solvent leakage and flammability of liquid electrolytes used for commercial lithium-ion ...
Open cycle liquid desiccant dehumidifier and hybrid solar/electric absorption refrigeration system. Annual report, January 1993--December 1993. Calendar year 1993
This annual report presents work performed during calendar year 1993 by the Florida Solar Energy Center under contract to the US Department of Energy. Two distinctively different solar powered indoor climate control systems were analyzed: the open cycle liquid desiccant dehumidifier, and an improved efficiency absorption system which may be fired by flat plate solar collectors. Both tasks represent new directions relative to prior FSEC research in Solar Cooling and Dehumidification.
Nimmo, B.G.; Thornbloom, M.D.
Rechargeable Batteries, Photochromics, Electrochemical Lithography...
employed to explore in detail fundamental interfacial processes. Using current-sensing atomic forcemicroscopy (CSAFM), small variations in the electronic conductance of battery...
Design and simulation of lithium rechargeable batteries
Lithium -based rechargeable batteries that utilize insertion electrodes are being considered for electric-vehicle applications because of their high energy density and inherent reversibility. General mathematical models are developed that apply to a wide range of lithium-based systems, including the recently commercialized lithium-ion cell. The modeling approach is macroscopic, using porous electrode theory to treat the composite insertion electrodes and concentrated solution theory to describe the transport processes in the solution phase. The insertion process itself is treated with a charge-transfer process at the surface obeying Butler-Volmer kinetics, followed by diffusion of the lithium ion into the host structure. These models are used to explore the phenomena that occur inside of lithium cells under conditions of discharge, charge, and during periods of relaxation. Also, in order to understand the phenomena that limit the high-rate discharge of these systems, we focus on the modeling of a particular system with well-characterized material properties and system parameters. The system chosen is a lithium-ion cell produced by Bellcore in Red Bank, NJ, consisting of a lithium-carbon negative electrode, a plasticized polymer electrolyte, and a lithium-manganese-oxide spinel positive electrode. This battery is being marketed for consumer electronic applications. The system is characterized experimentally in terms of its transport and thermodynamic properties, followed by detailed comparisons of simulation results with experimental discharge curves. Next, the optimization of this system for particular applications is explored based on Ragone plots of the specific energy versus average specific power provided by various designs.
Doyle, C.M.
Battery driven vehicle and recharging system
A battery-driven car which has an electrical system including a minimum number of electric storage batteries as the power source, a high-voltage converter with a high-voltage capacitor bank for driving a direct current impulse motor combined with a generator for supplying current to motor/generator sets respectively integrated with the wheels of the vehicle to drive the same or for recharging the batteries in accordance with a microprocessor control system, the wheel-actuated generators providing recharging current for the batteries whenever the motor component is not being energized and in addition, said electrical system also including an air-driven turbine generator component for recharging the batteries when the vehicle reaches a predetermined speed in accordance with the microprocessor controls.
Arbisi, D. S.
Electrically and Hydraulically Rechargeable Zinc-air Battery
A secondary zinc air battery, which can be either eletrically or hydraulically recharged, is provided with an inventive metal ...
Recharging Energy Storage Devices and/or Supplying Electric Power
sources for emergency and other uses. Patent Gui-Jia Su. Electric Vehicle Recharging and or Supplying Electrical Power,
Rechargeable solid polymer electrolyte battery cell
A rechargeable battery cell comprising first and second electrodes sandwiching a solid polymer electrolyte comprising a layer of a polymer blend of a highly conductive polymer and a solid polymer electrolyte adjacent said polymer blend and a layer of dry solid polymer electrolyte adjacent said layer of polymer blend and said second electrode.
Skotheim, Terji (East Patchoque, NY)
Inorganic rechargeable non-aqueous cell
A totally inorganic non-aqueous rechargeable cell having an alkali or alkaline earth metal anode such as of lithium, a sulfur dioxide containing electrolyte and a discharging metal halide cathode, such as of CuCl.sub.2, CuBr.sub.2 and the like with said metal halide being substantially totally insoluble in SO.sub.2 and admixed with a conductive carbon material.
Bowden, William L. (Nashua, NH); Dey, Arabinda N. (Needham, MA)
DOE Issues Guidance on Electric Vehicle Recharging Stations | Department of
Electric Vehicle Recharging Stations Electric Vehicle Recharging Stations DOE Issues Guidance on Electric Vehicle Recharging Stations September 6, 2011 - 4:28pm Addthis The U.S. Department of Energy recently issued guidance to its national laboratory management and operating (M&O) contractors on the installation and operation of electric vehicle recharging stations at lab facilities. The guidance explains that lab contractors wishing to install electric vehicle recharging stations or make such stations available to employees and visitors have several options. Lab contractors may install such stations and seek reimbursement from the Department for their use to the extent such installation or use is reasonably required to meet fleet vehicle or demonstration project needs. In addition, lab contractors may install electric vehicle recharging
Shale recharge and production behavior of geopressured reservoirs
The reservoir simulator MUSHRM was used to study the conditions under which significant shale recharge may be expected. The calculations presented herein show that shale recharge is a strong function of the vertical shale permeability but is not greatly influenced by the shale compressibility. Significant shale recharge will occur only if the vertical shale permeability is at least of the order of 0.01 ..mu..d.
Garg, S.K.
How use nanostructured materials effectively in rechargeable lithium ...
Presentation Title, How use nanostructured materials effectively in rechargeable lithium/sulfur battery. Author(s), Sheng Shui Zhang. On-Site Speaker (Planned)�...
Structural micro-porous carbon anode for rechargeable lithium ...
A secondary battery having a rechargeable lithium-containing anode, a cathode and a separator positioned between the cathode and anode with an organic ...
Electrolyte additive for lithium rechargeable organic electrolyte battery
A large excess of lithium iodide in solution is used as an electrolyte adive to provide overcharge protection for a lithium rechargeable organic electrolyte battery.
Behl, Wishvender K. (Ocean, NJ); Chin, Der-Tau (Winthrop, NY)
Composite Electrodes for Rechargeable Llithium-Ion Batteries
Superior cost and safety features over state-of-the-art LiCoO ... Composite Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries June 2012 cse-6677082 ...
Thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries
Thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries using ceramic electrolyte and cathode materials have been fabricated by physical deposition techniques. The lithium phosphorous oxynitride electrolyte has exceptional electrochemical stability and a good lithium conductivity. The lithium insertion reaction of several different intercalation materials, amorphous V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, amorphous LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, and crystalline LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} films, have been investigated using the completed cathode/electrolyte/lithium thin-film battery.
Dudney, N.J.; Bates, J.B.; Lubben, D. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States). Solid State Div.
Thin-film Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
Thin film rechargeable lithium batteries using ceramic electrolyte and cathode materials have been fabricated by physical deposition techniques. The lithium phosphorous oxynitride electrolyte has exceptional electrochemical stability and a good lithium conductivity. The lithium insertion reaction of several different intercalation materials, amorphous V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, amorphous LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, and crystalline LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} films, have been investigated using the completed cathode/electrolyte/lithium thin film battery.
Dudney, N. J.; Bates, J. B.; Lubben, D.
Dehumidifiers | Open Energy Information
source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic SearchQuerying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook...
Design of Thermal Power Generation Device for Vehicle Recharging
With thermal power generation as the basis, vehicle heat sources (such as engine and exhaust pipe) as the carrier, and AT89C52 as the control center, this paper has designed a thermal power generation device for vehicle recharging. This device consists ... Keywords: thermal power generation, power supply for recharging, vehicle devices, design
Hong Fang
Methods of Using Alpha Channeling Together with Transformer Recharging |
Methods of Using Alpha Channeling Together with Transformer Recharging Methods of Using Alpha Channeling Together with Transformer Recharging A tokamak current can be sustained using rf waves for transformer recharging at low density and high-Z with high efficiency if the resistivity is kept high enough during the radio frequency recharging stage. At the same time, operation in the hot ion mode via alpha channeling increases the effective fusion reactivity. The two separate inventions can be made to work synergistically. Specifically, by operating the tokamak in a low-density recharge phase, the lower hybrid wave penetrates the plasma more effectively. High reactivity is obtained by operation in the hot ion mode through the alpha channeling technique. Then, by using a high temperature relaxation stage, not only is the plasma current sustained
DOE Issues Guidance on Electric Vehicle Recharging Stations DOE Issues Guidance on Electric Vehicle Recharging Stations DOE Issues Guidance on Electric Vehicle Recharging Stations September 6, 2011 - 4:28pm Addthis The U.S. Department of Energy recently issued guidance to its national laboratory management and operating (M&O) contractors on the installation and operation of electric vehicle recharging stations at lab facilities. The guidance explains that lab contractors wishing to install electric vehicle recharging stations or make such stations available to employees and visitors have several options. Lab contractors may install such stations and seek reimbursement from the Department for their use to the extent such installation or use is reasonably required to meet fleet vehicle or demonstration project needs.
Rechargeable Nano-Batteries: Lessons from In-Situ Electron ...
... considerable attention in energy storage devices due to the enhanced electrochemical reactions at ... Anode Materials for Reprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuel.
Small thin-film rechargeable cells have been fabricated with a lithium phosphorus oxyniuide electrolyte, Li metal anode, and Li{sub 1-x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} as the cathode film. The cathode films were fabricated by several different techniques resulting in both crystalline and amorphous films. These were compared by observing the cell discharge behavior. Estimates have been made for the scale-up of such a thin-film battery to meet the specifications for the electric vehicle application. The specific energy, energy density, and cycle life are expected to meet the USABC mid-term criteria. However, the areas of the thin-films needed to fabricate such a cell are very large. The required areas could be greatly reduced by operating the battery at temperatures near 100{degrees}C or by enhancing the lithium ion transport rate in the cathode material.
Dudney, N.J.; Bates, J.B.; Lubben, D.
Spinel electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries.
This paper gives a historical account of the development of spinel electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. Research in the late 1970's and early 1980's on high-temperature . Li/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} cells led to the evaluation of lithium spinels Li[B{sub 2}]X{sub 4} at room temperature (B = metal cation). This work highlighted the importance of the [B{sub 2}]X{sub 4}spinel framework as a host electrode structure and the ability to tailor the cell voltage by selection of different B cations. Examples of lithium-ion cells that operate with spinel anode/spinel cathode couples are provided. Particular attention is paid to spinels within the solid solution system Li{sub 1+x}Mn{sub 2-x}O{sub 4} (0 {le} x {le} 0.33).
Thackeray, M. M.
Broadcasting with an energy harvesting rechargeable transmitter
Abstract�In this paper, we investigate the transmission completion time minimization problem in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) broadcast channel, where the transmitter is able to harvest energy from the nature, using a rechargeable battery. The harvested energy is modeled to arrive at the transmitter during the course of transmissions. The transmitter has a fixed number of packets to be delivered to each receiver. The objective is to minimize the time by which all of the packets are delivered to their respective destinations. To this end, we optimize the transmit powers and transmission rates in a deterministic setting. We first analyze the structural properties of the optimal transmission policy in a two-user broadcast channel via the dual problem of maximizing the departure region by a fixed time
Jing Yang; Omur Ozel; Student Member; Sennur Ulukus
Rechargeable thin-film lithium batteries
Rechargeable thin-film batteries consisting of lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have recently been developed. The batteries, which are typically less than 6-{mu}m thick, can be fabricated to any specified size, large or small, onto a variety of substrates including ceramics, semiconductors, and plastics. The cells that have been investigated include Li-TiS{sub 2}, Li-V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and Li-Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5, 3.6, and 4.2, respectively. The development of these batteries would not have been possible without the discovery of a new thin-film lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride, that is stable in contact with metallic lithium at these potentials. Deposited by rf magnetron sputtering of Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4} in N{sub 2}, this material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46} and a conductivity at 25{degrees}C of 2 {mu}S/cm. The maximum practical current density obtained from the thin-film cells is limited to about 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2} due to a low diffusivity of Li{sup +} ions in the cathodes. In this work, the authors present a short review of their work on rechargeable thin-film lithium batteries.
Bates, J.B.; Gruzalski, G.R.; Dudney, N.J.; Luck, C.F.; Yu, Xiaohua
Flexographically Printed Rechargeable Zinc-based Battery for Grid Energy Storage
Rechargeable, Lithium-ion Molten Salt Battery for Highare room- temperature molten salts, which are typically
Wang, Zuoqian
Improved zinc electrode and rechargeable zinc-air battery
The invention comprises an improved rechargeable zinc-air cell/battery having recirculating alkaline electrolyte and a zinc electrode comprising a porous foam support material which carries the active zinc electrode material. 5 figs.
Ross, P.N. Jr.
Composite Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries ...
Composite Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries Technology available for licensing: Electrodes having composite xLi2M'O3(1-x)LiMO2 structures in which an...
Rechargeable lithium battery energy storage systems for vehicular applications.
??Batteries are used on-board vehicles for broadly two applications � starting-lighting-ignition (SLI) and vehicle traction. This thesis examines the suitability of the rechargeable lithium battery� (more)
Reliability of Rechargeable Batteries in a Photovoltaic Power Supply System
We investigate the reliability If a rechargeable battery acting as the energy storage component in a photovoltaic power supply system. A model system was constructed for this that includes the solar resource, the photovoltaic power supp Iy system, the rechargeable battery and a load. The solar resource and the system load are modeled as SI ochastic processes. The photovoltaic system and the rechargeable battery are modeled deterministically, imd an artificial neural network is incorporated into the model of the rechargeable battery to simulate dartage that occurs during deep discharge cycles. The equations governing system behavior are solved simultaneously in the Monte Carlo framework and a fwst passage problem is solved to assess system reliability.
Barney, P.; Jungst, R.G., Ingersoll, D.; O'Gorman, C.; Paez, T.L.; Urbina, A.
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Nanocatalytic Rechargeable Lithium Air...
Phase I objective is to fabricate a rechargeable LiAir battery cathode based on a graphene composite containing an electrocatalyst. A succinonitrile-based plastic crystal-type...
Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries: Low-Cost Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries with High Energy Density
BEEST Project: Pellion Technologies is developing rechargeable magnesium batteries that would enable an EV to travel 3 times farther than it could using Li-ion batteries. Prototype magnesium batteries demonstrate excellent electrochemical behavior; delivering thousands of charge cycles with very little fade. Nevertheless, these prototypes have always stored too little energy to be commercially viable. Pellion Technologies is working to overcome this challenge by rapidly screening potential storage materials using proprietary, high-throughput computer models. To date, 12,000 materials have been identified and analyzed. The resulting best materials have been electrochemically tested, yielding several very promising candidates.
Rechargeable thin-films batteries with lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have been fabricated and characterized. The cathodes include TiS{sub 2}, the {omega} phase of V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and the cubic spinel Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5 V, 3.7 V, and 4.2 V, respectively. The development of these robust cells, which can be cycled thousands of times, was possible because of the stability of the amorphous lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride. This material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46} and a conductivity at 25 C of 2 {mu}S/cm. Thin-film cells have been cycled at 100% depth of discharge using current densities of 2 to 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. The polarization resistance of the cells is due to the slow insertion rate of Li{sup +} ions into the cathode. Chemical diffusion coefficients for Li{sup +} ions in the three types of cathodes have been estimated from the analysis of ac impedance measurements.
Bates, J.B.; Gruzalski, G.R.; Dudney, N.J.; Luck, C.F.; Yu, X.
Rechargeable thin-film batteries consisting of lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have been fabricated and characterized. These include Li-TiS{sub 2}, Li-V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and Li-Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cells with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5 V, 3.7 V, and 4.2 V, respectively. The realization of these robust cells, which can be cycled thousands of times, was possible because of the stability of the amorphous lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride. This material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46}and a conductivity at 25 C of 2 {mu}S/cm. The thin-film cells have been cycled at 100% depth of discharge using current densities of 5 to 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. Over most of the charge-discharge range, the internal resistance appears to be dominated by the cathode, and the major source of the resistance is the diffusion of Li{sup +} ions from the electrolyte into the cathode. Chemical diffusion coefficients were determined from ac impedance measurements.
Rechargeable thin films batteries with lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have been fabricated and characterized. The cathodes include TiS{sub 2}, the {omega} phase of V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and the cubic spinel Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5 V, 3.7 V, and 4.2 V, respectively. The development of these robust cells, which can be cycled thousands of times, was possible because of the stability of the amorphous lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride. This material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46} and a conductivity at 25 C of 2 {mu}S/cm. Thin film cells have been cycled at 100% depth of discharge using current densities of 2 to 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. The polarization resistance of the cells is due to the slow insertion rate of Li{sup +} ions into the cathode. Chemical diffusion coefficients for Li{sup +} ions in the three types of cathodes have been estimated from the analysis of ac impedance measurements.
Bates, J. B.; Gruzalski, G. R.; Dudney, N. J.; Luck, C. F.; Yu, X.
Broadcasting with an Energy Harvesting Rechargeable Transmitter
In this paper, we investigate the transmission completion time minimization problem in a two-user additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) broadcast channel, where the transmitter is able to harvest energy from the nature, using a rechargeable battery. The harvested energy is modeled to arrive at the transmitter randomly during the course of transmissions. The transmitter has a fixed number of packets to be delivered to each receiver. Our goal is to minimize the time by which all of the packets for both users are delivered to their respective destinations. To this end, we optimize the transmit powers and transmission rates intended for both users. We first analyze the structural properties of the optimal transmission policy. We prove that the optimal total transmit power has the same structure as the optimal single-user transmit power. We also prove that there exists a cut-off power level for the stronger user. If the optimal total transmit power is lower than this cut-off level, all transmit power is allocated t...
Yang, Jing; Ulukus, Sennur
Polymer�Graphene Nanocomposites as Ultrafast-Charge and -Discharge Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Electroactive polymers are a new generation of 'green' cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. We have developed nanocomposites combining graphene with two promising polymer cathode materials, poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) and polyimide, to improve their high-rate performance. The polymer-graphene nanocomposites were synthesized through a simple in-situ polymerization in the presence of graphene sheets. The highly dispersed graphene sheets in the nanocomposite drastically enhanced the electronic conductivity and allowed the electrochemical activity of the polymer cathode to be efficiently utilized. This allows for ultrafast charging and discharging - the composite can deliver more than 100 mAh/g within just a few seconds.
Song, Zhiping; Xu, Terrence (Tianren); Gordin, Mikhail; Jiang, Yingbing; Bae, In-Tae; Xiao, Qiangfeng; Zhan, Hui; Liu, Jun; Wang, Donghai
New York's Energy Storage System Gets Recharged | Department of Energy
York's Energy Storage System Gets Recharged York's Energy Storage System Gets Recharged New York's Energy Storage System Gets Recharged August 2, 2010 - 1:18pm Addthis Matt Rogers, Senior Advisor to Secretary Chu, explain why grid frequency regulation matters Jonathan Silver Jonathan Silver Executive Director of the Loan Programs Office What does this mean for me? AES Storage in New York got a $17.1M conditional loan guarantee to provide a more stable transmission grid. When thinking of clean technologies, energy storage might not be the first thing to come to mind, but with a $17.1 million conditional commitment for a loan guarantee from the Department of Energy AES Energy Storage will develop a battery-based energy storage system to provide a more stable and efficient electrical grid for New York State's high-voltage transmission
Rechargeable Heat Battery's Secret Revealed: Solar Energy Capture in
Rechargeable Heat Rechargeable Heat Battery Rechargeable Heat Battery's Secret Revealed Solar energy capture in chemical form makes it storable and transportable January 11, 2011 | Tags: Chemistry, Energy Technologies, Franklin Contact: John Hules, firstname.lastname@example.com, +1 510 486 6008 2011-01-11-Heat-Battery.jpg A molecule of fulvalene diruthenium, seen in diagram, changes its configuration when it absorbs heat, and later releases heat when it snaps back to its original shape. Image: Jeffrey Grossman Broadly speaking, there have been two approaches to capturing the sun's energy: photovoltaics, which turn the sunlight into electricity, or solar-thermal systems, which concentrate the sun's heat and use it to boil water to turn a turbine, or use the heat directly for hot water or home
Key challenges in developing rechargeable magnesium batteries...
application as post lithium-ion batteries, due to the following advantages; 1) high energy density, 2) low cost and 3) intrinsic safety. If two electron and divalent Mg ion...
Rechargeable Zn-MnO sub 2 alkaline batteries
In this paper progress in the development of rechargeable alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide cells is described. The advantages and limitations of the system are evaluated. Laboratory tests run on commercial primary alkaline cells as well as model simulations of a bipolar MnO{sub 2} electrode show that the rechargeable alkaline battery may be able to compete with lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, and secondary lithium cells for low- to moderate-rate applications. However, because of this poor performance at high rates and low temperatures, the alkaline MnO{sub 2} battery is not suitable for present automotive starting applications.
Wruck, W.J.; Reichman, B.; Bullock, K.R.; Kao, W.H. (Corporate Applied Research, Johnson Controls, Inc., Milwaukee, WI (US))
Evaluation of an Ecohydrologic-Process Model Approach to Estimating Annual Mountain-Block Recharge.
??Magruder, Ian, M.S., December 2006 Geology Evaluation of an Ecohydrologic-Process Model Approach to Estimating Annual Mountain-Block Recharge Chairperson: Dr. William Woessner Regional subsurface mountain-block recharge� (more)
Magruder, Ian Auguste
Interdisciplinary Institute for Innovation Optimal Recharging Strategy for
while the Spanish government has committed to having 1 million electric or hybrid cars on Spanish roads price differentials in electricity tariffs are designed to dissuade car owners from recharging for Electric Vehicles in France Margaret Armstrong Charles El Hajj Moussa Jérôme Adnot Alain Galli Philippe
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Optimal control of batteries with fully and partially available rechargeability
Motivated by the increasing dependence of many systems on battery energy, we study the problem of optimally controlling how to discharge and recharge a non-ideal battery so as to maximize the work it can perform over a given time period and still maintain ... Keywords: Energy-aware system, Kinetic battery model, Optimal control
Tao Wang; Christos G. Cassandras
Automated Battery Swap and Recharge to Enable Persistent UAV Missions
Automated Battery Swap and Recharge to Enable Persistent UAV Missions Tuna Toksoz , Joshua Redding introduces a hardware platform for automated battery changing and charging for multiple UAV agents. The automated station holds a buffer of 8 batteries in a novel dual-drum structure that enables a "hot" battery
How, Jonathan P.
contribution contribution to friction on GaAs: An atomic force microscope study Yabing Qi, 1,2 J. Y. Park, 2 B. L. M. Hendriksen, 2 D. F. Ogletree, 2 and M. Salmeron 2,3 1 Applied Science and Technology Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 2 Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 3 Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA ͑Received 23 January 2008; revised manuscript received 11 April 2008; published 7 May 2008͒ The electronic contribution to friction at semiconductor surfaces was investigated by using a Pt-coated tip with 50 nm radius in an atomic force microscope sliding against an n-type GaAs͑100͒ substrate. The GaAs surface was covered by an approximately 1 nm thick oxide layer. Charge accumulation
Zinc electrode and rechargeable zinc-air battery
An improved zinc electrode is disclosed for a rechargeable zinc-air battery comprising an outer frame and a porous foam electrode support within the frame which is treated prior to the deposition of zinc thereon to inhibit the formation of zinc dendrites on the external surface thereof. The outer frame is provided with passageways for circulating an alkaline electrolyte through the treated zinc-coated porous foam. A novel rechargeable zinc-air battery system is also disclosed which utilizes the improved zinc electrode and further includes an alkaline electrolyte within said battery circulating through the passageways in the zinc electrode and an external electrolyte circulation means which has an electrolyte reservoir external to the battery case including filter means to filter solids out of the electrolyte as it circulates to the external reservoir and pump means for recirculating electrolyte from the external reservoir to the zinc electrode.
Ross, Jr., Philip N. (Kensington, CA)
Novel electrolyte chemistries for Mg-Ni rechargeable batteries.
Commercial hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV) serve as means to reduce the nation's dependence on oil. Current electric vehicles use relatively heavy nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) rechargeable batteries. Li-ion rechargeable batteries have been developed extensively as the replacement; however, the high cost and safety concerns are still issues to be resolved before large-scale production. In this study, we propose a new highly conductive solid polymer electrolyte for Mg-Ni high electrochemical capacity batteries. The traditional corrosive alkaline aqueous electrolyte (KOH) is replaced with a dry polymer with conductivity on the order of 10{sup -2} S/cm, as measured by impedance spectroscopy. Several potential novel polymer and polymer composite candidates are presented with the best-performing electrolyte results for full cell testing and cycling.
Garcia-Diaz, Brenda (Savannah River National Laboratory); Kane, Marie; Au, Ming (Savannah River National Laboratory)
Ionic modeling of lithium manganese spinel materials for use in rechargeable batteries
In order to understand and evaluate materials for use in Li ion rechargeable battery electrodes, we have modeled the crystal structures of various Mn oxide and Li Mn oxide compounds. We have modeled the MnO{sub 2} polymorphs and several spinels with intermediate compositions based on the amount of Li inserted into the tetrahedral site. 3-D representations of the structures provide a basis for identifying site occupancies, coordinations, Mn valence, order-disorder, and potentially new dopants for enhanced cathode behavior. XRD simulations of the crystal structures provide good agreement with observed patterns for synthesized samples. Ionic modeling of these materials consists of an energy minimization approach using Coulombic, repulsive, and van der Waals interactions. Modeling using electronic polarizabilities (shell model) allows a systematic analysis of changes in lattice energy, cell volume, and the relative stability of doped structures using ions such as Al, Ti, Ni, and Co.
Cygan, R.T.; Westrich, H.R.; Doughty, D.H.
Rechargeable battery with separate charging terminal contact ring
A generally cylindrical rechargeable battery is provided leaving a pair of power terminals for delivering energy to an energy-using device. The battery further includes a charging terminal contact spaced apart from the power terminals and extending substantially around the circumference of the battery whereby charging contact on the battery may engage a corresponding charging contact in the energy-using device to charge the battery in all rotational positions of the battery.
Beachy, R. W.
Hysteresis in Thin-Film Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Discharge - charge cycling of thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries with an amorphous or nanocrystalline LiXMn2.Y04 cathode reveals evidence for a true hysteresis in the lithium insertion reaction. This is compared with an apparent hysteresis attributed to a kinetically hindered phase transition near 3 V for batteries with either a crystalline or a nanocrystalline LiJ@Yo4 cathode.
Bates, J.B.; Dudney, N.J.; Evans, C.D.; Hart, F.X.
Estimating recharge at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: A case study
Obtaining values of net infiltration, groundwater travel time, and recharge is necessary at the Yucca Mountain site, Nevada, USA, in order to evaluate the expected performance of a potential repository as a containment system for high-level radioactive waste. However, the geologic complexities of this site, its low precipitation and net infiltration, with numerous mechanisms operating simultaneously to move water through the system, provide many challenges for the estimation of the spatial distribution of recharge. A variety of methods appropriate for arid environments has been applied, including water-balance techniques, calculations using Darcy's law in the unsaturated zone, a soil-physics method applied to neutron-hole water-content data, inverse modeling of thermal profiles in boreholes extending through the thick unsaturated zone, chloride mass balance, atmospheric radionuclides, and empirical approaches. These methods indicate that near-surface infiltration rates at Yucca Mountain are highly variable in time and space, with local (point) values ranging from zero to several hundred millimeters per year. Spatially distributed net-infiltration values average 5 mm/year, with the highest values approaching 20 mm/year near Yucca Crest. Site-scale recharge estimates range from less than 1 to about 12 mm/year. These results have been incorporated into a site-scale model that has been calibrated using these data sets that reflect infiltration processes acting on highly variable temporal and spatial scales. The modeling study predicts highly non-uniform recharge at the water table, distributed significantly differently from the non-uniform infiltration pattern at the surface.
Flint, A.; Flint, L.; Kwicklis, E.; Fabryka-Martin, J.; Bodvarsson, G.S.
Estimating recharge at yucca mountain, nevada, usa: comparison of methods
Obtaining values of net infiltration, groundwater travel time, and recharge is necessary at the Yucca Mountain site, Nevada, USA, in order to evaluate the expected performance of a potential repository as a containment system for high-level radioactive waste. However, the geologic complexities of this site, its low precipitation and net infiltration, with numerous mechanisms operating simultaneously to move water through the system, provide many challenges for the estimation of the spatial distribution of recharge. A variety of methods appropriate for and environments has been applied, including water-balance techniques, calculations using Darcy's law in the unsaturated zone, a soil-physics method applied to neutron-hole water-content data, inverse modeling of thermal profiles in boreholes extending through the thick unsaturated zone, chloride mass balance, atmospheric radionuclides, and empirical approaches. These methods indicate that near-surface infiltration rates at Yucca Mountain are highly variable in time and space, with local (point) values ranging from zero to several hundred millimeters per year. Spatially distributed net-infiltration values average 5 mm/year, with the highest values approaching 20 nun/year near Yucca Crest. Site-scale recharge estimates range from less than I to about 12 mm/year. These results have been incorporated into a site-scale model that has been calibrated using these data sets that reflect infiltration processes acting on highly variable temporal and spatial scales. The modeling study predicts highly non-uniform recharge at the water table, distributed significantly differently from the non-uniform infiltration pattern at the surface. [References: 57
Flint, A. L.; Flint, L. E.; Kwicklis, E. M.; Fabryka-Martin, J. T.; Bodvarsson, G. S.
Molten Air -- A new, highest energy class of rechargeable batteries
This study introduces the principles of a new class of batteries, rechargeable molten air batteries, and several battery chemistry examples are demonstrated. The new battery class uses a molten electrolyte, are quasi reversible, and have amongst the highest intrinsic battery electric energy storage capacities. Three examples of the new batteries are demonstrated. These are the iron, carbon and VB2 molten air batteries with respective intrinsic volumetric energy capacities of 10,000, 19,000 and 27,000 Wh per liter.
Licht, Stuart
Flexible, Thin, and Rechargeable Li-ion Battery Based on Semi ...
Symposium, Energy Storage III: Materials, Systems and Applications Symposium. Presentation Title, Flexible, Thin, and Rechargeable Li-ion Battery Based on�...
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Iron-Air Rechargeable Battery for Grid...
A Robust and Inexpensive Iron-Air Rechargeable Battery for Grid-Scale Energy Storage Lead: University of Southern California, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Sub-Awardee: Jet...
New Materials for High-Energy, Long-Life Rechargeable Batteries...
Office of Science (SC) Website
New Materials for High-Energy, Long-Life Rechargeable Batteries Basic Energy Sciences (BES) BES Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BES Funding...
High energy density, thin-lm, rechargeable lithium batteries for marine eld operations
/discharge performance of a Li-ion battery. In their model, loss of cyclable lithium ions and increase in the anode film a one-dimensional schematic of a recharge- able Li-ion battery. During discharge, lithium ions deinter in the cycle life model of rechargeable Li-ion batteries Parameter Cathode (LixCoO2) Membrane separator
Sadoway, Donald Robert
Promoting the Market for Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles: Role of Recharge Availability
Much recent attention has been drawn to providing adequate recharge availability as a means to promote the battery electric vehicle (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) market. The possible role of improved recharge availability in developing the BEV-PHEV market and the priorities that different charging options should receive from the government require better understanding. This study reviews the charging issue and conceptualizes it into three interactions between the charge network and the travel network. With travel data from 3,755 drivers in the National Household Travel Survey, this paper estimates the distribution among U.S. consumers of (a) PHEV fuel-saving benefits by different recharge availability improvements, (b) range anxiety by different BEV ranges, and (c) willingness to pay for workplace and public charging in addition to home recharging. With the Oak Ridge National Laboratory MA3T model, the impact of three recharge improvements is quantified by the resulting increase in BEV-PHEV sales. Compared with workplace and public recharging improvements, home recharging improvement appears to have a greater impact on BEV-PHEV sales. The impact of improved recharging availability is shown to be amplified by a faster reduction in battery cost.
Lin, Zhenhong [ORNL; Greene, David L [ORNL
Layered cathode materials for lithium ion rechargeable batteries
A number of materials with the composition Li.sub.1+xNi.sub..alpha.Mn.sub..beta.Co.sub..gamma.M'.sub..delta.O.sub.2-- zF.sub.z (M'=Mg,Zn,Al,Ga,B,Zr,Ti) for use with rechargeable batteries, wherein x is between about 0 and 0.3, .alpha. is between about 0.2 and 0.6, .beta. is between about 0.2 and 0.6, .gamma. is between about 0 and 0.3, .delta. is between about 0 and 0.15, and z is between about 0 and 0.2. Adding the above metal and fluorine dopants affects capacity, impedance, and stability of the layered oxide structure during electrochemical cycling.
Kang, Sun-Ho (Naperville, IL); Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL)
Resilient design of recharging station networks for electric transportation vehicles
As societies shift to 'greener' means of transportation using electricity-driven vehicles one critical challenge we face is the creation of a robust and resilient infrastructure of recharging stations. A particular issue here is the optimal location of service stations. In this work, we consider the placement of battery replacing service station in a city network for which the normal traffic flow is known. For such known traffic flow, the service stations are placed such that the expected performance is maximized without changing the traffic flow. This is done for different scenarios in which roads, road junctions and service stations can fail with a given probability. To account for such failure probabilities, the previously developed facility interception model is extended. Results show that service station failures have a minimal impact on the performance following robust placement while road and road junction failures have larger impacts which are not mitigated easily by robust placement.
Kris Villez; Akshya Gupta; Venkat Venkatasubramanian
Iron-Air Rechargeable Battery: A Robust and Inexpensive Iron-Air Rechargeable Battery for Grid-Scale Energy Storage
GRIDS Project: USC is developing an iron-air rechargeable battery for large-scale energy storage that could help integrate renewable energy sources into the electric grid. Iron-air batteries have the potential to store large amounts of energy at low cost�iron is inexpensive and abundant, while oxygen is freely obtained from the air we breathe. However, current iron-air battery technologies have suffered from low efficiency and short life spans. USC is working to dramatically increase the efficiency of the battery by placing chemical additives on the battery�s iron-based electrode and restructuring the catalysts at the molecular level on the battery�s air-based electrode. This can help the battery resist degradation and increase life span. The goal of the project is to develop a prototype iron-air battery at significantly cost lower than today�s best commercial batteries.
Battery charging control methods, electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging apparatuses and rechargeable battery systems
Battery charging control methods, electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging apparatuses and rechargeable battery systems. According to one aspect, a battery charging control method includes accessing information regarding a presence of at least one of a surplus and a deficiency of electrical energy upon an electrical power distribution system at a plurality of different moments in time, and using the information, controlling an adjustment of an amount of the electrical energy provided from the electrical power distribution system to a rechargeable battery to charge the rechargeable battery.
Tuffner, Francis K. (Richland, WA); Kintner-Meyer, Michael C. W. (Richland, WA); Hammerstrom, Donald J. (West Richland, WA); Pratt, Richard M. (Richland, WA)
Probabilistic Analysis of Rechargeable Batteries in a Photovoltaic Power Supply System
We developed a model for the probabilistic behavior of a rechargeable battery acting as the energy storage component in a photovoltaic power supply system. Stochastic and deterministic models are created to simulate the behavior of the system component;. The components are the solar resource, the photovoltaic power supply system, the rechargeable battery, and a load. Artificial neural networks are incorporated into the model of the rechargeable battery to simulate damage that occurs during deep discharge cycles. The equations governing system behavior are combined into one set and solved simultaneously in the Monte Carlo framework to evaluate the probabilistic character of measures of battery behavior.
Barney, P.; Ingersoll, D.; Jungst, R.; O'Gorman, C.; Paez, T.L.; Urbina, A.
In situ and ex situ spectroelectrochemical and X-ray absorption studies on rechargeable, chemically-modified and other MnO{sub 2} materials
A combined series of in situ and ex situ UV spectroelectrochemical and X-ray absorption studies have been made on MnO{sub 2}, chemically-modified by small amounts of Bi(III), and comparatively on other MnO{sub 2} materials such as a blank (Bi-free) and {gamma}-MnO{sub 2}. These procedures are applied in order to follow the oxidation-states of Bi and of Mn during the course of discharge and recharge of MnO{sub 2} as a battery cathode material, and the extents of rechargeability that can be achieved with such materials. Presence of Bi appears to provide a preferred ``heterogeneous`` discharge/recharge pathway involving a soluble Mn(III) intermediate, over the alternative ``electron-proton`` hopping, solid-state mechanism. From XAS results, it is concluded that presence of Bi, although not affecting the O-coordination, does influence the Mn-Mn coordination, determining the way the MnO{sub 2} coordination octahedra are connected.
Conway, B.E.; Qu, D.; McBreen, J. [Ottawa Univ., ON (Canada). Dept. of Chemistry]|[Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)
In situ X-ray absorption fine structure studies of a manganese dioxide electrode in a rechargeable MnO{sub 2}/Zn alkaline battery environment
Electronic and structural aspects of a MnO{sub 2} electrode in a rechargeable MnO{sub 2}/Zn battery environment have been investigated by in situ Mn K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The relative amplitudes of the three major Fourier transform shells of the EXAFS (extended XAFS) function of the rechargeable MnO{sub 2} electrode in the undischarged state were found to be similar to those found for ramsdellite, a MnO{sub 2} polymorph with substantial corner-sharing linkages among the basic MnO{sub 6} octahedral units. The analyses of the background-subtracted pre-edge peaks and absorption edge regions for the nominally 1-e{sup {minus}} discharged electrode were consistent with Mn{sup 3+} as being the predominant constituent species, rather than a mixture of Mn{sup 4+} and Mn{sup 2+} sites. Furthermore, careful inspection of both the XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) and EXAFS indicated that the full recharge of MnO, which had been previously discharged either by a 1- or 2-equivalent corner-sharing linkages compared to the original undischarged MnO{sub 2}.
Mo, Y.; Hu, Y.; Bae, I.T.; Miller, B.; Scherson, D.A. [Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Antonio, M.R. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Chemistry Div.
Institutional innovation in water management : the case of Mexico City's recharge wells
This thesis explores the difference in adoption patterns of water recharge well technology in Mexico City both by local entities and the central city government. The research finds that this technology, originally designed ...
Correa Ibarg�engoitia, Jos� Antonio
Amorphous Metallic Glass as New High Power and Energy Density Anodes For Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries
We have investigated the use of aluminum based amorphous metallic glass as the anode in lithium ion rechargeable batteries. Amorphous metallic glasses have no long-range ordered microstructure; the atoms are less closely ...
Meng, Shirley Y.
Energy-aware sparse approximation technique (EAST) for rechargeable wireless sensor networks
Due to non-homogeneous spread of sunlight, sensing nodes typically have non-uniform energy profiles in rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). An energy-aware work load distribution is therefore necessary for good data accuracy while ensuring an ...
Rajib Rana; Wen Hu; Chun Tung Chou
Recharging U.S. Energy Policy: Advocating for a National Renewable Portfolio Standard
Neff, Review of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Aug 2, 2005),Recharging U.S. Energy Policy: Advocating for a Nationalproposals, including the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Congress
Lunt, Robin J.
Electrically recharged battery employing a packed/spouted bed metal particle electrode
A secondary metal air cell, employing a spouted/packed metal particle bed and an air electrode. More specifically a zinc air cell well suited for use in electric vehicles which is capable of being either electrically or hydraulically recharged.
Siu, Stanley C. (Alameda, CA); Evans, James W. (Piedmont, CA); Salas-Morales, Juan (Berkeley, CA)
Theory of SEI Formation in Rechargeable Batteries: Capacity Fade, Accelerated Aging and Lifetime Prediction
Cycle life is critically important in applications of rechargeable batteries, but lifetime prediction is mostly based on empirical trends, rather than mathematical models. In practical lithium-ion batteries, capacity fade ...
Pinson, Matthew Bede
Rechargeable batteries: advances since 1977. [Collection of US patents
This book is based on US patents (including DOE patents) issued since January 1978 that deal with rechargeable batteries. It both supplies detailed technical information and can be used as a guide to the patent literature. Subjects treated are as follows: lead-acid batteries (grids, electrodes, terminals and connectors, polyolefin separators, polyvinyl chloride separators, other polymeric separators, other separators, electrolytes, venting techniques, hydrogen-oxygen recombination, general construction and fabrication), lithium batteries (metal chalcogenide cathodes, chalcogenide electrolyte compositions, chalcogenide batteries, lithium anodes, cathodes, lithium-thionyl chloride batteries, lithium-bromine batteries, electrolyte additives and other processes), sodium-sulfur batteries (general battery design, sulfur electrodes, sealing and casing design, current collectors, other processes), alkaline zinc and iron electrode batteries (silver-zinc, nickel-zinc, air-zinc, other zinc electrode processes, iron electrode batteries), zinc-halogen batteries (electrodes, electrolyte additives, other zinc-halogen batteries, zinc-manganese dioxide acid electrolyte), nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen batteries (nickel-cadmium electrodes, other processes for nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen electrodes, other processes for nickel-hydrogen batteries, other nickel-containing batteries), and other battery systems (battery systems and design, other processes). (RWR)
Graham, R.W. (ed.)
Materials issues in lithium ion rechargeable battery technology
Lithium ion rechargeable batteries are predicted to replace Ni/Cd as the workhorse consumer battery. The pace of development of this battery system is determined in large part by the availability of materials and the understanding of interfacial reactions between materials. Lithium ion technology is based on the use of two lithium intercalating electrodes. Carbon is the most commonly used anode material, while the cathode materials of choice have been layered lithium metal chalcogenides (LiMX{sub 2}) and lithium spinel-type compounds. Electrolytes may be either organic liquids or polymers. Although the first practical use of graphite intercalation compounds as battery anodes was reported in 1981 for molten salt cells and in 1983 for ambient temperature systems, it was not until Sony Energytech announced a new lithium ion intercalating carbon anode in 1990, that interest peaked. The reason for this heightened interest is that these electrochemical cells have the high energy density, high voltage and light weight of metallic lithium, but without the disadvantages of dendrite formation on charge, improving their safety and cycle life.
Doughty, D.H.
Recharge Data Package for Hanford Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Areas
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) assists CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc., in its preparation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Facility Investigation report. One of the PNNL tasks is to use existing information to estimate recharge rates for past and current conditions as well as future scenarios involving cleanup and closure of tank farms. The existing information includes recharge-relevant data collected during activities associated with a host of projects, including those of RCRA, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the CH2M HILL Tank Farm Vadose Zone Project, and the PNNL Remediation and Closure Science Project. As new information is published, the report contents can be updated. The objective of this data package was to use published data to provide recharge estimates for the scenarios being considered in the RCRA Facility Investigation. Recharge rates were estimated for areas that remain natural and undisturbed, areas where the vegetation has been disturbed, areas where both the vegetation and the soil have been disturbed, and areas that are engineered (e.g., surface barrier). The recharge estimates supplement the estimates provided by PNNL researchers in 2006 for the Hanford Site using additional field measurements and model analysis using weather data through 2006.
Fayer, Michael J.; Keller, Jason M.
Effects of Natural Recharge on Gas Composition in the Larderello - Castelnuovo Area
A study of the temporal behaviour of gas compsition in the Larderello-Castelnuovo area shows that this behaviour varies, depending on whether the wells are affected or not by natural recharge. Where no natural recharge exists, gas composition seems to be governed by chemical equilibria. The recharge water, and the steam it produces, mix with the fluid already existing in the reservoir. At Larderello (far from absorption areas) the gas composition resulting from this mixing does not undergo further changes by chemical reaction. This is due either to a lack of reactivity where there is no liquid phase or to an ineffective fluid-rock interaction. At Castelnuovo (close to absorption areas) the H{sub 2}S and CH{sub 4} contents in the gas have gradually decreased with the increase in recharge effects. The decrease in H{sub 2}S can be attributed to dissolution in liquid water and oxidation. Various hypotheses have been forwarded for the methane. The correlation existing between CH{sub 4} and N{sub 2} concentrations, even when methane decreases in the areas affected by recharge, suggests that CH{sub 4} may be governed by more than just the Fisher-Tropsch reaction.
D'Amore, Franco; Celati, Romano; Calore, Claudio; Bertrami, Rino
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Semi-Solid Rechargeable Power Sources - Taison Tan, 24M
SEMI-SOLID RECHARGEABLE POWER SOURCES: FLEXIBLE, HIGH-PERFORMANCE SEMI-SOLID RECHARGEABLE POWER SOURCES: FLEXIBLE, HIGH-PERFORMANCE STORAGE FOR VEHICLES AND GRID AT ULTRALOW COST (<$0.10/Wh) 1. Technology Summary 3. Key Personnel * 24M: T. Tan, T. Wilder * MIT : Y.-M. Chiang, W. C. Carter, A. Belcher, P. Hammond * Rutgers: G. Amatucci This project is made possible in part through generous grants from the Department of Energy ARPA-e and the Defense Department DARPA agencies. * Revolutionary Electrical Energy Storage Concept * Combines best attributes of rechargeable batteries and flow cells * Decouples energy storage from power delivery * Semi-solid Electrodes Deliver High Energy Density, Low Cost 2. Technology Impact * Reduce Greenhouse Gases * Replaces inefficient, polluting gas peakers * Zero point-of-use emissions
Rechargeable battery charger system for charging testing, rejuvenation and preventative maintenance
The present invention is directed to a method for automatically maintaining rechargeable batteries at maximum capacity and includes the steps of detecting the presence of a battery, deep discharging the battery to a predetermined level above cell reversal, recharging the battery to its rated capacity, discharging the battery at a controlled rate while measuring battery output voltage and determining whether its capacity is above or below a selected minimum, deep discharging and recharging if the battery is below the selected minimum until reversible memory effects are removed, providing a positive indication of battery failure, maintaining the full battery capacity by trickle charging, and periodically repeating the above steps to avoid onset of battery memory.
Yefsky, S.A.
Apparatus and method for recharging a string a avalanche transistors within a pulse generator
An apparatus and method for recharging a string of avalanche transistors within a pulse generator is disclosed. A plurality of amplification stages are connected in series. Each stage includes an avalanche transistor and a capacitor. A trigger signal, causes the apparatus to generate a very high voltage pulse of a very brief duration which discharges the capacitors. Charge resistors inject current into the string of avalanche transistors at various points, recharging the capacitors. The method of the present invention includes the steps of supplying current to charge resistors from a power supply; using the charge resistors to charge capacitors connected to a set of serially connected avalanche transistors; triggering the avalanche transistors; generating a high-voltage pulse from the charge stored in the capacitors; and recharging the capacitors through the charge resistors.
Fulkerson, E. Stephen (Livermore, CA)
Effect of shale-water recharge on brine and gas recovery from geopressured reservoirs
The concept of shale-water recharge has often been discussed and preliminary assessments of its significance in the recovery of geopressured fluids have been given previously. The present study uses the Pleasant Bayou Reservoir data as a base case and varies the shale formation properties to investigate their impact on brine and gas recovery. The parametric calculations, based on semi-analytic solutions and finite-difference techniques, show that for vertical shale permeabilities which are at least of the order of 10/sup -5/ md, shale recharge will constitute an important reservoir drive mechanism and will result in much larger fluid recovery than that possible in the absence of shale dewatering.
Riney, T.D.; Garg, S.K.; Wallace, R.H. Jr.
Rechargeable Lithium-Air Batteries: Development of Ultra High Specific Energy Rechargeable Lithium-Air Batteries Based on Protected Lithium Metal Electrodes
BEEST Project: PolyPlus is developing the world�s first commercially available rechargeable lithium-air (Li-Air) battery. Li-Air batteries are better than the Li-Ion batteries used in most EVs today because they breathe in air from the atmosphere for use as an active material in the battery, which greatly decreases its weight. Li-Air batteries also store nearly 700% as much energy as traditional Li-Ion batteries. A lighter battery would improve the range of EVs dramatically. Polyplus is on track to making a critical breakthrough: the first manufacturable protective membrane between its lithium�based negative electrode and the reaction chamber where it reacts with oxygen from the air. This gives the battery the unique ability to recharge by moving lithium in and out of the battery�s reaction chamber for storage until the battery needs to discharge once again. Until now, engineers had been unable to create the complex packaging and air-breathing components required to turn Li-Air batteries into rechargeable systems.
Anode Materials for Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries
This is the annual progress report for the Grant DE-FG03-00ER15035. This research is on materials for anodes and cathodes in electrochemical cells. The work is a mix of electrochemical measurements and analysis of the materials by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometry. Our materials studies on electrode materials divide into electronic studies of the valence at and around Li atoms, and the crystal structures of these materials. We are addressing the basic questions of how these change with Li concentration, and what long-term changes take place during charge/discharge cycling of the materials.
B. Fultz
This research is on materials for anodes and cathodes in electrochemical cells. The work is a mix of electrochemical measurements and analysis of the materials by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometry. At present, our experimental work involves only materials for Li storage, but we have been writing papers from our previous work on hydrogen-storage materials.
Fultz, B.
The Influence of Catalysts on Discharge and Charge Voltages of Rechargeable Li�Oxygen Batteries
This study revealed the strong influence of carbon, Au/C, and Pt/C catalysts on the charge and discharge voltages of rechargeable Li�O[subscript 2] batteries. Li�O[subscript 2] single-cell measurements showed that Au/C had ...
Gasteiger, Hubert A.
Platinum-Gold Nanoparticles: A Highly Active Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Lithium-Air Batteries
PtAu nanoparticles (NPs) were shown to strongly enhance the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in rechargeable Li?O2 cells. Li?O2 cells with PtAu/C were found to exhibit the ...
Lu, Yi-Chun
Structural micro-porous carbon anode for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
A secondary battery having a rechargeable lithium-containing anode, a cathode and a separator positioned between the cathode and anode with an organic electrolyte solution absorbed therein is provided. The anode comprises three-dimensional microporous carbon structures synthesized from polymeric high internal phase emulsions or materials derived from this emulsion source, i.e., granules, powders, etc. 6 figs.
Delnick, F.M.; Even, W.R. Jr.; Sylwester, A.P.; Wang, J.C.F.; Zifer, T.
A secondary battery having a rechargeable lithium-containing anode, a cathode and a separator positioned between the cathode and anode with an organic electrolyte solution absorbed therein is provided. The anode comprises three-dimensional microporous carbon structures synthesized from polymeric high internal phase emulsions or materials derived from this emulsion source, i.e., granules, powders, etc.
Delnick, Frank M. (Albuquerque, NM); Even, Jr., William R. (Livermore, CA); Sylwester, Alan P. (Washington, DC); Wang, James C. F. (Livermore, CA); Zifer, Thomas (Manteca, CA)
A secondary metal air cell, employing a spouted/packed metal particle bed and an air electrode, is described. More specifically a zinc air cell well suited for use in electric vehicles which is capable of being either electrically or hydraulically recharged. 5 figs.
Siu, S.C.; Evans, J.W.; Salas-Morales, J.
Phase transformations and microstructural design of lithiated metal anodes for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries
There has been great recent interest in lithium storage at the anode of Li-ion rechargeable battery by alloying with metals such as Al, Sn, and Sb, or metalloids such as Si, as an alternative to the intercalation of graphite. ...
Limthongkul, Pimpa, 1975-
Water-Heating Dehumidifier - Energy Innovation Portal
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell; Hydropower, Wave and Tidal; Industrial Technologies; Solar ... When the tank of water heater is full of hot water or a ...
Materials as a Key to Electro-Mobility with Rechargeable LI Batteries
Materials as a Key to Electro-Mobility with Rechargeable LI Batteries Materials as a Key to Electro-Mobility with Rechargeable LI Batteries Speaker(s): Martin Winter Date: February 11, 2013 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Robert Kostecki The lithium ion technology is playing a key role in the electrification of the propulsion system in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and in pure electric vehicles (EVs). The chemist and materials scientists faces this challenge, which derives from the demands for large-scale energy storage and conversion devices for electric propulsion purposes, by development and application of innovative battery components and concepts. The lithium ion battery has been introduced into the market by 1990/1991 and only by the mid 1990ies significant numbers of batteries have been produced. Within a
Method of preparation of carbon materials for use as electrodes in rechargeable batteries
A method of producing carbon materials for use as electrodes in rechargeable batteries. Electrodes prepared from these carbon materials exhibit intercalation efficiencies of .apprxeq.80% for lithium, low irreversible loss of lithium, long cycle life, are capable of sustaining a high rates of discharge and are cheap and easy to manufacture. The method comprises a novel two-step stabilization process in which polymeric precursor materials are stabilized by first heating in an inert atmosphere and subsequently heating in air. During the stabilization process, the polymeric precursor material can be agitated to reduce particle fusion and promote mass transfer of oxygen and water vapor. The stabilized, polymeric precursor materials can then be converted to a synthetic carbon, suitable for fabricating electrodes for use in rechargeable batteries, by heating to a high temperature in a flowing inert atmosphere.
Doddapaneni, Narayan (Alburquerque, NM); Wang, James C. F. (Livermore, CA); Crocker, Robert W. (Fremont, CA); Ingersoll, David (Alburquerque, NM); Firsich, David W. (Dayton, OH)
Santa Rosa Geysers Recharge Project: GEO-98-001. Final Report
The Geysers steamfields in northern Sonoma County have produced reliable ''green'' power for many years. An impediment to long-term continued production has been the ability to provide a reliable source of injection water to replace water extracted and lost in the form of steam. The steamfield operators have historcially used cooling towers to recycle a small portion of the steam and have collected water during the winter months using stream extraction. These two sources, however, could not by themselves sustain the steamfield in the long term. The Lake County Reclaimed Water Project (SEGEP) was inititated in 1997 and provides another source of steamfield replenishment water. The Santa Rosa Geysers Recharge Project provides another significant step in replenishing the steamfield. In addition, the Santa Rosa Geysers Recharge Project has been built with capacity to potentially meet virtually all injection water requirements, when combined with these other sources. Figure 2.1 graphically depicts the combination of injection sources.
Brauner, Edwin Jr.; Carlson, Daniel C.
The aligned nanorods of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} and nanoporous hollow spheres (NHS) of SnO{sub 2} and Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} were investigated as the anodes for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. The Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanorods demonstrated 1433 mAh/g reversible capacity. The NHS of SnO{sub 2} and Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} delivered 400 mAh/g and 250 mAh/g capacities respectively in multiple galvonastatic discharge-charge cycles. It was found that high capacity of NHS of metal oxides is sustainable attributed to their unique structure that maintains material integrity during cycling. The nanostructured metal oxides exhibit great potential as the new anode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries with high energy density, low cost and inherent safety.
Au, M.
Tennessee Valley Authority Smart Modal Area Recharge Terminal (SMART) Station Project
EPRI and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) collaborated to design and build solar-assisted electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, referred to as a TVA Smart Modal Area Recharge Terminal, or TVA SMART Station. These stations�which combine photovoltaic generation, EV charging, and stationary battery storage�have been deployed across the State of Tennessee. In specific, the five deployed stations provide a total of 72 kW of solar generation capacity, 36 parking spaces equipped for ...
Estimation of Groundwater Recharge at Pahute Mesa using the Chloride Mass-Balance Method
Groundwater recharge on Pahute Mesa was estimated using the chloride mass-balance (CMB) method. This method relies on the conservative properties of chloride to trace its movement from the atmosphere as dry- and wet-deposition through the soil zone and ultimately to the saturated zone. Typically, the CMB method assumes no mixing of groundwater with different chloride concentrations; however, because groundwater is thought to flow into Pahute Mesa from valleys north of Pahute Mesa, groundwater flow rates (i.e., underflow) and chloride concentrations from Kawich Valley and Gold Flat were carefully considered. Precipitation was measured with bulk and tipping-bucket precipitation gauges installed for this study at six sites on Pahute Mesa. These data, along with historical precipitation amounts from gauges on Pahute Mesa and estimates from the PRISM model, were evaluated to estimate mean annual precipitation. Chloride deposition from the atmosphere was estimated by analyzing quarterly samples of wet- and dry-deposition for chloride in the bulk gauges and evaluating chloride wet-deposition amounts measured at other locations by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. Mean chloride concentrations in groundwater were estimated using data from the UGTA Geochemistry Database, data from other reports, and data from samples collected from emplacement boreholes for this study. Calculations were conducted assuming both no underflow and underflow from Kawich Valley and Gold Flat. Model results estimate recharge to be 30 mm/yr with a standard deviation of 18 mm/yr on Pahute Mesa, for elevations >1800 m amsl. These estimates assume Pahute Mesa recharge mixes completely with underflow from Kawich Valley and Gold Flat. The model assumes that precipitation, chloride concentration in bulk deposition, underflow and its chloride concentration, have been constant over the length of time of recharge.
Cooper, Clay A [DRI] [DRI; Hershey, Ronald L [DRI] [DRI; Healey, John M [DRI] [DRI; Lyles, Brad F [DRI] [DRI
MAINTENANCE SHOP The shop manager, Clint Steffan has over 25 years experience in Electronic design, test, and repair in
MAINTENANCE SHOP The shop manager, Clint Steffan has over 25 years experience in Electronic design the capability of repairing most electronic, mechanical and electro-mechanical equipment, including refrigeration source for parts instead of buying from equipment manufacturer. Repair/recharge small refrigeration
Lajeunesse, Marc J.
Estimation of natural ground water recharge for the performance assessment of a low-level waste disposal facility at the Hanford Site
In 1994, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) initiated the Recharge Task, under the PNL Vitrification Technology Development (PVTD) project, to assist Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) in designing and assessing the performance of a low-level waste (LLW) disposal facility for the US Department of Energy (DOE). The Recharge Task was established to address the issue of ground water recharge in and around the LLW facility and throughout the Hanford Site as it affects the unconfined aquifer under the facility. The objectives of this report are to summarize the current knowledge of natural ground water recharge at the Hanford Site and to outline the work that must be completed in order to provide defensible estimates of recharge for use in the performance assessment of this LLW disposal facility. Recharge studies at the Hanford Site indicate that recharge rates are highly variable, ranging from nearly zero to greater than 100 mm/yr depending on precipitation, vegetative cover, and soil types. Coarse-textured soils without plants yielded the greatest recharge. Finer-textured soils, with or without plants, yielded the least. Lysimeters provided accurate, short-term measurements of recharge as well as water-balance data for the soil-atmosphere interface and root zone. Tracers provided estimates of longer-term average recharge rates in undisturbed settings. Numerical models demonstrated the sensitivity of recharge rates to different processes and forecast recharge rates for different conditions. All of these tools (lysimetry, tracers, and numerical models) are considered vital to the development of defensible estimates of natural ground water recharge rates for the performance assessment of a LLW disposal facility at the Hanford Site.
Rockhold, M.L.; Fayer, M.J.; Kincaid, C.T.; Gee, G.W.
Batterytechnologyforenergystoragesolutions andelectricvehicletransportsystems The Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM) is a world-class cooperative
's battery technology research program is focused on developing low cost, high power rechargeable battery and low cost Techniques ISEM's world-class industrial scale battery laboratory is equipped with facilities of electronic materials science. Setting the standard in battery research At the Australian Institute
Wollongong, University of
Novel Energy Sources -Material Architecture and Charge Transport in Solid State Ionic Materials for Rechargeable Li ion Batteries
Since its introduction in the consumer market at the beginning of 1990s by Sony Corporation �Li-ion rechargeable battery� and �LiCoO2 cathode� is an inseparable couple for highly reliable practical applications. However, a separation is inevitable as Li-ion rechargeable battery industry demand more and more from this well serving cathode. Spinel-type lithium manganate (e.g., LiMn2O4), lithium-based layered oxide materials (e.g., LiNiO2) and lithium-based olivine-type compounds (e.g., LiFePO4) are nowadays being extensively studied for application as alternate cathode materials in Li-ion rechargeable batteries. Primary goal of this project was the advancement of Li-ion rechargeable battery to meet the future demands of the energy sector. Major part of the research emphasized on the investigation of electrodes and solid electrolyte materials for improving the charge transport properties in Li-ion rechargeable batteries. Theoretical computational methods were used to select electrodes and electrolyte material with enhanced structural and physical properties. The effect of nano-particles on enhancing the battery performance was also examined. Satisfactory progress has been made in the bulk form and our efforts on realizing micro-battery based on thin films is close to give dividend and work is progressing well in this direction.
Katiyar, Ram S; G�mez, M; Majumder, S B; Morell, G; Tomar, M S; Smotkin, E; Bhattacharya, P; Ishikawa, Y
This report documents the base design for a Smart Modal Area Recharge Terminal (SMART) station. The base design is for a 10-space public vehicle charging facility, incorporating a solar photo-voltaic array/canopy with battery storage. Many of the design recommendations are based on the system design experience of Eaton Corporation in related energy applications and cover safety compliance and field integration. The design effort was conducted not only to develop a base design that can be used by other en...
A new high energy stabilized nickel-zinc rechargeable battery system for SLI and EV applications
The nickel oxide-zinc rechargeable battery system is a serious candidate for a high power economical EV battery. The introduction of a new chemistry has resulted in stabilization of the performance of the zinc anode without adversely affecting the nickel electrode. The result has been a major enhancement of the cycle life capability with retention of the remarkably high practical energy density (both gravimetric and volumetric) of the nickel-zinc system. Near term practical applications for both passenger car truck SLI batteries as well as long term deep cycle applications for electric vehicles are discussed.
Reisner, D.; Eisenberg, M.
Cathode limited charge transport and performance of thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries
Several types of thin-film rechargeable batteries based on lithium metal anodes and amorphous V{sub 2}O{sub 5} (aV{sub 2}O{sub 5}), LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, and LiCoO{sub 2} cathodes have been investigated in this laboratory. In all cases, the current density of these cells is limited by lithium ion transport in the cathodes. This paper, discusses sources of this impedance in Li-aV{sub 2}O{sub 5} and Li-LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} thin-film cells and their effect on cell performance.
Bates, J.B.; Hart, F.X.; Lubben, D.; Kwak, B.S.; van Zomeren, A.
Rechargeable zinc cell with alkaline electrolyte which inhibits shape change in zinc electrode
An improved rechargeable zinc cell is described comprising a zinc electrode and another electrode such as, for example, a nickel-containing electrode, and having an electrolyte containing KOH and a combination of KF and K[sub 2]CO[sub 3] salts which inhibits shape change in the zinc electrode, i.e., the zinc electrode exhibits low shape change, resulting in an improved capacity retention of the cell over an number of charge-discharge cycles, while still maintaining high discharge rate characteristics. 8 figures.
Adler, T.C.; McLarnon, F.R.; Cairns, E.J.
An improved rechargeable zinc cell is described comprising a zinc electrode and another electrode such as, for example, a nickel-containing electrode, and having an electrolyte containing KOH and a combination of KF and K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 salts which inhibits shape change in the zinc electrode, i.e., the zinc electrode exhibits low shape change, resulting in an improved capacity retention of the cell over an number of charge-discharge cycles, while still maintaining high discharge rate characteristics.
Adler, Thomas C. (Berkeley, CA); McLarnon, Frank R. (Orinda, CA); Cairns, Elton J. (Walnut Creek, CA)
Stable isotope and groundwater flow dynamics of agricultural irrigation recharge into groundwater resources of the Central Valley, California
Intensive agricultural irrigation and overdraft of groundwater in the Central Valley of California profoundly affect the regional quality and availability of shallow groundwater resources. In the natural state, the {delta}{sup 18}O values of groundwater were relatively homogeneous (mostly -7.0 {+-} 0.5{per_thousand}), reflecting local meteoric recharge that slowly (1-3m/yr) flowed toward the valley axis. Today, on the west side of the valley, the isotope distribution is dominated by high {sup 18}O enclosures formed by recharge of evaporated irrigation waters, while the east side has bands of low {sup 18}O groundwater indicating induced recharge from rivers draining the Sierra Nevada mountains. Changes in {delta}{sup 18}O values caused by the agricultural recharge strongly correlate with elevated nitrate concentrations (5 to >100 mg/L) that form pervasive, non-point source pollutants. Small, west-side cities dependent solely on groundwater resources have experienced increases of >1.0 mg/L per year of nitrate for 10-30 years. The resultant high nitrates threaten the economical use of the groundwater for domestic purposes, and have forced some well shut-downs. Furthermore, since >80% of modern recharge is now derived from agricultural irrigation, and because modern recharge rates are {approximately}10 times those of the natural state, agricultural land retirement by urbanization will severely curtail the current safe-yields and promote overdraft pumping. Such overdrafting has occurred in the Sacramento metropolitan area for {approximately}40 years, creating cones of depression {approximately}25m deep. Today, groundwater withdrawal in Sacramento is approximately matched by infiltration of low {sup 18}O water (-11.0{per_thousand}) away from the Sacramento and American Rivers, which is estimated to occur at 100-300m/year from the sharp {sup 18}O gradients in our groundwater isotope map.
Davisson, M.L.; Criss, R.E.
Groundwater Heat Pump with Pumping and Recharging in the Same Well in China
In China, a new-style groundwater heat pump emerged in 2000. In this system, the production well and the injection well is integrated into one well, which is divided into three parts by clapboards: a low pressure (production) space, a seals section, and a high pressure (injection) space. In contrast to a conventional groundwater heat pump, this new-style groundwater heat pump is named the Groundwater Heat Pump with Pumping and Recharging in the Same Well (GWHPPRSW). Up to now, over 180 projects have been established with a total construction area exceeding 2,500,000 m2. The well structure of GWHPPRSW is depicted. The advantages and disadvantages of the GWHPPRSW are analyzed. The differences between the Pumping & Recharging Well (PRW) and Standing Column Well (SCW) are compared in detail. Potential problems and applicability ranges are pointed out. The investigation on operational status of 11 different types of buildings equipped GWHPPRSW carried out by Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics shows that the mean operation cost per heating area of GWHPPRSW is lower than that of municipal central heating. GWHPPRSW has low initial investment, operates economically and is friendly to the environment. It is especially well suited to places with appropriate hydrogeological conditions and those with groundwater permission from the local government.
Ni, L.; Jiang, Y.; Yao, Y.; Ma, Z.
Electrochemical processes (i.e. inter-conversion between electric energy and chemical energy) are essential for rechargeable battery materials. Many
) are essential for rechargeable battery materials. Many conversions between structural phases in the electrodes rechargeable battery cell. Both sensitivity and resolution are expected to be improved significantly with our in situ Li ion motion in a battery cell during the charge/discharge process, thus to understand ionic
Weston, Ken
Simulation of Net Infiltration and Potential Recharge Using a Distributed-Parameter Watershed Model of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California
This report presents the development and application of the distributed-parameter watershed model, INFILv3, for estimating the temporal and spatial distribution of net infiltration and potential recharge in the Death Valley region, Nevada and California. The estimates of net infiltration quantify the downward drainage of water across the lower boundary of the root zone and are used to indicate potential recharge under variable climate conditions and drainage basin characteristics. Spatial variability in recharge in the Death Valley region likely is high owing to large differences in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, bedrock permeability, soil thickness, vegetation characteristics, and contributions to recharge along active stream channels. The quantity and spatial distribution of recharge representing the effects of variable climatic conditions and drainage basin characteristics on recharge are needed to reduce uncertainty in modeling ground-water flow. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, developed a regional saturated-zone ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system to help evaluate the current hydrogeologic system and the potential effects of natural or human-induced changes. Although previous estimates of recharge have been made for most areas of the Death Valley region, including the area defined by the boundary of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, the uncertainty of these estimates is high, and the spatial and temporal variability of the recharge in these basins has not been quantified.
J.A. Hevesi; A.L. Flint; L.E. Flint
Cr-Ga-N materials for negative electrodes in Li rechargeable batteries : structure, synthesis and electrochemical performance
Electrochemical performances of two ternary compounds (Cr2GaN and Cr3GaN) in the Cr-Ga-N system as possible future anode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries were studied. Motivation for this study was dealt in ...
Kim, Miso
Rechargeable lithium battery for use in applications requiring a low to high power output
Rechargeable lithium batteries which employ characteristics of thin-film batteries can be used to satisfy power requirements within a relatively broad range. Thin-film battery cells utilizing a film of anode material, a film of cathode material and an electrolyte of an amorphorus lithium phosphorus oxynitride can be connected in series or parallel relationship for the purpose of withdrawing electrical power simultaneously from the cells. In addition, such battery cells which employ a lithium intercalation compound as its cathode material can be connected in a manner suitable for supplying power for the operation of an electric vehicle. Still further, by incorporating within the battery cell a relatively thick cathode of a lithium intercalation compound, a relatively thick anode of lithium and an electrolyte film of lithium phosphorus oxynitride, the battery cell is rendered capable of supplying power for any of a number of consumer products, such as a laptop computer or a cellular telephone.
Bates, John B. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Rechargeable lithium batteries which employ characteristics of thin-film batteries can be used to satisfy power requirements within a relatively broad range. Thin-film battery cells utilizing a film of anode material, a film of cathode material and an electrolyte of an amorphous lithium phosphorus oxynitride can be connected in series or parallel relationship for the purpose of withdrawing electrical power simultaneously from the cells. In addition, such battery cells which employ a lithium intercalation compound as its cathode material can be connected in a manner suitable for supplying power for the operation of an electric vehicle. Still further, by incorporating within the battery cell a relatively thick cathode of a lithium intercalation compound, a relatively thick anode of lithium and an electrolyte film of lithium phosphorus oxynitride, the battery cell is rendered capable of supplying power for any of a number of consumer products, such as a laptop computer or a cellular telephone.
Layer cathode methods of manufacturing and materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries
A positive electrode active material for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries of general formula Li.sub.1+xNi.sub..alpha.Mn.sub..beta.A.sub..gamma.O.sub.2 and further wherein A is Mg, Zn, Al, Co, Ga, B, Zr, or Ti and 0 Kang, Sun-Ho (Naperville, IL); Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL) 2008-01-01T23:59:59.000Z
Cycle life is critically important in applications of rechargeable batteries, but lifetime prediction is mostly based on empirical trends, rather than mathematical models. In practical lithium-ion batteries, capacity fade occurs over thousands of cycles, limited by slow electrochemical processes, such as the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the negative electrode, which compete with reversible lithium intercalation. Focusing on SEI growth as the canonical degradation mechanism, we show that a simple single-particle model can accurately explain experimentally observed capacity fade in commercial cells with graphite anodes, and predict future fade based on limited accelerated aging data for short times and elevated temperatures. The theory is extended to porous electrodes, predicting that SEI growth is essentially homogeneous throughout the electrode, even at high rates. The lifetime distribution for a sample of batteries is found to be consistent with Gaussian statistics, as predicted by th...
Pinson, Matthew B
An improved rechargeable zinc cell is described comprising a zinc electrode and another electrode such as, for example, a nickel-containing electrode, and having an electrolyte containing one or more hydroxides having the formula M(OH), one or more fluorides having the formula MF, and one or more carbonates having the formula M.sub.2 CO.sub.3, where M is a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals. The electrolyte inhibits shape change in the zinc electrode, i.e., the zinc electrode exhibits low shape change, resulting in an improved capacity retention of the cell over an number of charge-discharge cycles, while still maintaining high discharge rate characteristics.
Develop safe, low-cost method of manufacturing rechargeable, high conductivity lithium batteries. Final report
The focus of much of this work is the rechargeable lithium battery, because of its high energy density, and the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE`s) for ease of fabrication and lightness of weight. The classical solid polymer electrolyte is based on the use of salts such as lithium triflate dissolved in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(propylene oxide). This specific polymer electrolyte has severe limitations. Poly(ethylene oxide) is a microcrystalline polymer at 25 C, and ion migration occurs only in the 20--30% of the material that is amorphous. Useable conductivities (10{sup {minus}5} S/cm) can be achieved only when the material is heated above 80 C. Two approaches to generate higher electrolyte conductivities at ambient temperatures are being developed. In the first, organic solvents are added to the polymer to plasticize it and dissolve the microcrystallites. This increases the conductivity but raises the possibility of fires if the battery casing ruptures during high charge or discharge conditions or when the device is punctured by impact. The alternative is to design new polymers that are good solid electrolyte media but which are completely amorphous and have low glass transition temperatures. Such a polymer is MEEP (poly[bis(methoxyethoxy)phosphazene]), first synthesized in the author`s laboratories. The main objective was to develop crosslinking methods for MEEP which could be used on a mass production scale to produce thin film rechargeable lithium batteries. A further objective was to assemble working energy storage devices to investigate the feasibility that this system could be developed commercially.
Allcock, H.R.
industry, displaying rapid growth in the wireless sensor network, portable electronics, electric vehicles,
Self-Organized Amorphous TiO2 Nanotube Arrays on Porous Ti Foam for Rechargeable Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries
Self-organized amorphous TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) were successfully fabricated on both Ti foil and porous Ti foam through electrochemical anodization techniques. The starting Ti foams were fabricated using ARCAM s Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technology. The TiO2 NTAs on Ti foam were used as anodes in lithium ion batteries; they exhibited high capacities of 103 Ahcm-2 at 10 Acm-2 and 83 Ahcm-2 at 500 Acm-2, which are two to three times higher than those achieved on the standard Ti foil, which is around 40 Ahcm-2 at 10 Acm-2 and 24 Ahcm-2 at 500 Acm-2, respectively. This improvement is mainly attributed to higher surface area of the Ti foam and higher porosity of the nanotube arrays layer grown on the Ti foam. In addition, a Na-ion half-cell composed of these NTAs anodes and Na metal showed a self-improving specific capacity upon cycling at 10 Acm-2. These results indicate that TiO2 NTAs grown on Ti porous foam are promising electrodes for Li-ion or Na-ion rechargeable batteries.
Bi, Zhonghe [ORNL; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [ORNL; Menchhofer, Paul A [ORNL; Dehoff, Ryan R [ORNL; Bridges, Craig A [ORNL; Chi, Miaofang [ORNL; Guo, Bingkun [ORNL; Sun, Xiao-Guang [ORNL; Dai, Sheng [ORNL
Within-Day Recharge of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Energy Impact of Public Charging Infrastructure
This paper examines the role of public charging infrastructure in increasing the share of driving on electricity that plug-in hybrid electric vehicles might exhibit, thus reducing their gasoline consumption. Vehicle activity data obtained from a global positioning system tracked household travel survey in Austin, Texas, is used to estimate gasoline and electricity consumptions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Drivers within-day recharging behavior, constrained by travel activities and public charger availability, is modeled. It is found that public charging offers greater fuel savings for hybrid electric vehicles s equipped with smaller batteries, by encouraging within-day recharge, and providing an extensive public charging service is expected to reduce plug-in hybrid electric vehicles gasoline consumption by more than 30% and energy cost by 10%, compared to the scenario of home charging only.
Dong, Jing [ORNL; Lin, Zhenhong [ORNL
This paper studies the role of public charging infrastructure in increasing PHEV s share of driving on electricity and the resulting petroleum use reduction. Using vehicle activity data obtained from the GPS-tracking household travel survey in Austin, Texas, gasoline and electricity consumptions of PHEVs in real world driving context are estimated. Driver s within-day recharging behavior, constrained by travel activities and public charger network, is modeled as a boundedly rational decision and incorporated in the energy use estimation. The key findings from the Austin dataset include: (1) public charging infrastructure makes PHEV a competitive vehicle choice for consumers without a home charger; (2) providing sufficient public charging service is expected to significantly reduce petroleum consumption of PHEVs; and (3) public charging opportunities offer greater benefits for PHEVs with a smaller battery pack, as within-day recharges compensate battery capacity.
CO2/oxalate Cathodes as Safe and Efficient Alternatives in High Energy Density Metal-Air Type Rechargeable Batteries
We present theoretical analysis on why and how rechargeable metal-air type batteries can be made significantly safer and more practical by utilizing CO2/oxalate conversions instead of O2/peroxide or O2/hydroxide ones, in the positive electrode. Metal-air batteries, such as the Li-air one, may have very large energy densities, comparable to that of gasoline, theoretically allowing for long range all-electric vehicles. There are, however, still significant challenges, especially related to the safety of their underlying chemistries, the robustness of their recharging and the need of supplying high purity O2 from air to the battery. We point out that the CO2/oxalate reversible electrochemical conversion is a viable alternative of the O2-based ones, allowing for similarly high energy density and almost identical voltage, while being much safer through the elimination of aggressive oxidant peroxides and the use of thermally stable, non-oxidative and environmentally benign oxalates instead.
Nemeth, Karoly
Electron holography
... An electron hologram is a fringe modulated image containing the amplitude and phase information of an electron transparent object. ...
Preliminary estimates of spatially distributed net infiltration and recharge for the Death Valley region, Nevada-California
A three-dimensional ground-water flow model has been developed to evaluate the Death Valley regional flow system, which includes ground water beneath the Nevada Test Site. Estimates of spatially distributed net infiltration and recharge are needed to define upper boundary conditions. This study presents a preliminary application of a conceptual and numerical model of net infiltration. The model was developed in studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, which is located in the approximate center of the Death Valley ground-water flow system. The conceptual model describes the effects of precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration, and redistribution of water in the shallow unsaturated zone on predicted rates of net infiltration; precipitation and soil depth are the two most significant variables. The conceptual model was tested using a preliminary numerical model based on energy- and water-balance calculations. Daily precipitation for 1980 through 1995, averaging 202 millimeters per year over the 39,556 square kilometers area of the ground-water flow model, was input to the numerical model to simulate net infiltration ranging from zero for a soil thickness greater than 6 meters to over 350 millimeters per year for thin soils at high elevations in the Spring Mountains overlying permeable bedrock. Estimated average net infiltration over the entire ground-water flow model domain is 7.8 millimeters per year. To evaluate the application of the net-infiltration model developed on a local scale at Yucca Mountain, to net-infiltration estimates representing the magnitude and distribution of recharge on a regional scale, the net-infiltration results were compared with recharge estimates obtained using empirical methods. Comparison of model results with previous estimates of basinwide recharge suggests that the net-infiltration estimates obtained using this model may overestimate recharge because of uncertainty in modeled precipitation, bedrock permeability, and soil properties for locations such as the Spring Mountains. Although this model is preliminary and uncalibrated, it provides a first approximation of the spatial distribution of net infiltration for the Death Valley region under current climatic conditions.
Hevesi, J.A.; Flint, A.L.; Flint, L.E.
Final cost reduction study for the Geysers Recharge Alternative. Volume 1
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not cost reduction opportunities exist for the Geysers Recharge Alternative as defined in the Santa Rosa Subregional Long-Term Wastewater Project EIR/EIS. The City of Santa Rosa has been directed to have a plan for reclaimed water disposal in place by 1999 which will meet future capacity needs under all weather conditions. A Draft EIR/EIS released in July 1996 and a Final EIR certified in June 1997 examine four primary alternatives plus the No Action Alternative. Two of the primary alternatives involve agricultural irrigation with reclaimed water, either in western or southern Sonoma County. Another involves increased discharge of reclaimed water into the Russian River. The fourth involves using reclaimed water to replenish the geothermal reservoir at the Geysers. The addition of this water source would enable the Geysers operators to produce more steam from the geothermal area and thereby prolong the life and economic production level of the steamfield and the geothermal power plants supplied by the steamfield. This study provides additional refined cost estimates for new scenarios which utilize an alternative pipeline alignment and a range of reclaimed water flows, which deliver less water to the Geysers than proposed in the EIR/EIS (by distributing flow to other project components). Also, electrical power rates were revised to reflect the recent changes in costs associated with deregulation of the power industry. In addition, this report provides information on sources of potential public and private funding available and future environmental documentation required if the cost reduction scenarios were to be selected by the City as part of their preferred alternative.
Electron Microprobe
Electron Microprobe. ... The JEOL JXA-8600 is a conventional hairpin filament thermal emission electron microprobe that is more than 20 years old. ...
Chemically and compositionally modified solid solution disordered multiphase nickel hydroxide positive electrode for alkaline rechargeable electrochemical cells
A high capacity, long cycle life positive electrode for use in an alkaline rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising: a solid solution nickel hydroxide material having a multiphase structure that comprises at least one polycrystalline .gamma.-phase including a polycrystalline .gamma.-phase unit cell comprising spacedly disposed plates with at least one chemical modifier incorporated around the plates, the plates having a range of stable intersheet distances corresponding to a 2.sup.+ oxidation state and a 3.5.sup.+, or greater, oxidation state; and at least one compositional modifier incorporated into the solid solution nickel hydroxide material to promote the multiphase structure.
Ovshinsky, Stanford R. (Bloomfield Hills, MI); Corrigan, Dennis (Troy, MI); Venkatesan, Srini (Southfield, MI); Young, Rosa (Troy, MI); Fierro, Christian (Troy, MI); Fetcenko, Michael A. (Rochester Hills, MI)
Analysis and performance of radial flow rotary dessicant dehumidifiers
A model is developed to predict the steady periodic performance of a radial flow desiccant wheel. The model is expressed in terms of the same dimensionless parameters that are commonly used in modeling of the conventional axial flow desiccant wheel. In addition a dimensionless geometrical ratio of the volume of the matrix to the volume of the wheel core is found to affect the performance of the wheel. A finite difference technique on staggered grid is used to discretize the governing dimensionless equations. The discretized equations are solved to predict the performance of the desiccant wheel at given values of operation parameters. A sensitivity study is carried out to investigate the effect of changing any of these parameters on the performance of the wheel. The performance of the radial flow desiccant wheel having the same values of the operation parameters.
Elsayed, M.M.; Chamkha, A.J. [Kuwait Univ., Safat (Kuwait). Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Dept.
Test and Evaluation of a Hybrid Desiccant Dehumidifier
Dehumidification technology is being investigated for potential savings in building air conditioning systems. The potential for savings lies in separating the sensible and the latent cooling loads to more efficiently address the combined conditioning needs of the space. The Munters DryCool HD combined desiccant/vapor compression system was tested in the EPRI Knoxville psychrometric chambers. The system was tested in the laboratory for a host of indoor and outdoor conditions. The system provides cooling a...
Development of a simplified model for cooling and dehumidifying coils
Precise understanding of the cooling coil in air handler units is vital to assure the proper temperature and humidity in conditioned space while minimizing the associated costs of operating the air conditioning system. Several models have been developed in the past to characterize the overall heat transfer coefficient of this component. However, these models require specific details about the coil construction which make them impractical for in-situ applications. A simplified engineering model suitable for application to existing coils in the field is therefore needed in the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) industry. The objective of this study is to develop a simplified model suitable for use with field measured data to characterize the overall heat transfer coefficient of in-situ water-to-air cooling coils. This model uses the electrical resistance analogy to treat the heat transfer process in the coil. Field measured data combined with a theoretical analysis are the basis for the development of the model. Non-linear regressions are applied to the data to trace the heat transfer behavior of the coil. The coefficients obtained from the regressions account for the physical characteristics of the coil under study as well as for the properties of the fluids involved (air and water). The calibration of these parameters to data generated by a coil manufacturer's simulation program allows the application of the resulting model to different types of cooling coils with different characteristics. Correlations are developed to predict the coefficients of the model and make it suitable for application to water cooling coils with a range of physical characteristics. The resulting model is validated by testing it on data from two different buildings at Texas excellent in both cases, predicting the thermal resistance of the coils and the return water temperature with an average deviation of 3.5% and 1.2 'F, respectively. Finally, the model is used to develop algorithms to simulate the two most common chilled water loops in buildings: the two-way valve and the blending station arrangement. These algorithms are incorporated in software developed at the Energy Systems Laboratory at Texas A&M University, College Station, which is used to simulate building heating, cooling and energy consumption based on a simplified air-side model. This addition enhances the capability of the software to simulate the response of the water-side to changes occurring in the space conditioning area, providing, in this way, a clear picture of the heat transfer phenomena that occurs in the cooling coil. The upgraded software was tested on a campus building and there was good agreement between the conditions.
Maldonado, Eliezer
BPA-Solicited Technical Review of "Echo Meadows Project Winter Artificial Recharge: Final Report for 2001 Baseline", Technical Report 2004.
The purpose of this report was to provide, at BPA's request, a technical review of interim products received for Project 2001-015-00 under contract 6925. BPA sometimes solicits technical reviews for Fish and Wildlife products or issues where outside expertise is required. External review of complex project deliverables assures BPA as a funding agency that the contractor is continuing with scientifically-credible experimental techniques envisioned in the original proposal. If the project's methodology proves feasible, there could be potential applications beyond the project area to similar situations in the Columbia Basin. The Experiment involves artificial flooding during high flow periods and a determination of the portion of the return flows that end up in the Umatilla River during low flow months and within acceptable water quality parameters (e.g., low temperature, few contaminants). Flooding could be a critical water source for aquatic organisms at times of the year when flows in the lower reaches of the Umatilla River are low and water is warmer than would be desired. The experiment was proposed to test whether 'this process, recharges the shallow aquifers of the old flood plain, for natural filtration through the alluvial soils as it returns to the Umatilla River, cleaner and cooler (about 50 degree Fahrenheit) five to six month later (about July and August) substantially cooling the river and [making it] more beneficial to anadromous [fish]'. A substantial amount of preliminary data had been collected and preliminary results were submitted in an interim report 'Echo Meadows Project Winter Artificial Recharge: Final Report for 2001 Baseline (December 2002)'. A substantial amount of addition funding was provided for the last cycle of flooding (Phases II) and final analyses of the full compliment of data collected over the life of the contract (Phase III). Third party scientific review may assist the contractor in producing a higher quality Final Report with completion of the final 2 phases of the project.
Morgan, David
Electron Transfer
3 3 Pierre Kennepohl1,2 and Edward Solomon1* 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Electron transfer, or the act of moving an electron from one place to another, is amongst the simplest of chemical processes, yet certainly one of the most critical. The process of efficiently and controllably moving electrons around is one of the primary regulation mechanisms in biology. Without stringent control of electrons in living organisms, life could simply not exist. For example, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation (to name but two of the most well-known biochemical activities) are driven by electron transfer processes. It is unsurprising, therefore, that much effort has been placed on understanding the fundamental principles that control and define the simple act of adding and/or removing electrons from chemical species.
Application: Electronics
Application: Electronics. ... Suppression of Electrical Cable Fires: Development of a Standard PVC Cable Fire Test for ISO 14520-1.. Robin, ML ...
Vanishing electronics
Engineers are reinventing electronics by building safe devices that dissolve in the body or within the environment. The technology could redefine everything from medicine to computing.
Samuel Greengard
Low cost electronic ultracapacitor interface technique to ...
... drop in battery voltage. A current limiting circuit is connected in parallel with the diode for recharging the passive energy storage device.
Power Electronics
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Power electronics (PE) play a critical role in transforming the current electric grid into the next-generation grid.� PE enable utilities to deliver power to their customers effectively while...
Flow-Assisted Alkaline Battery: Low-Cost Grid-Scale Electrical Storage using a Flow-Assisted Rechargeable Zinc-Manganese Dioxide Battery
GRIDS Project: Traditional consumer-grade disposable batteries are made of Zinc and Manganese, 2 inexpensive, abundant, and non-toxic metals. But these disposable batteries can only be used once. If they are recharged, the Zinc in the battery develops filaments called dendrites that grow haphazardly and disrupt battery performance, while the Manganese quickly loses its ability to store energy. CUNY Energy Institute is working to tame dendrite formation and to enhance the lifetime of Manganese in order to create a long-lasting, fully rechargeable battery for grid-scale energy storage. CUNY Energy Institute is also working to reduce dendrite formation by pumping fluid through the battery, enabling researchers to fix the dendrites as they�re forming. The team has already tested its Zinc battery through 3,000 recharge cycles (and counting). CUNY Energy Institute aims to demonstrate a better cycle life than lithium-ion batteries, which can be up to 20 times more expensive than Zinc-based batteries.
Electron tube
An electron tube of the present invention includes: a vacuum vessel including a face plate portion made of synthetic silica and having a surface on which a photoelectric surface is provided, a stem portion arranged facing the photoelectric surface and made of synthetic silica, and a side tube portion having one end connected to the face plate portion and the other end connected to the stem portion and made of synthetic silica; a projection portion arranged in the vacuum vessel, extending from the stem portion toward the photoelectric surface, and made of synthetic silica; and an electron detector arranged on the projection portion, for detecting electrons from the photoelectric surface, and made of silicon.
Suyama, Motohiro (Hamamatsu, JP); Fukasawa, Atsuhito (Hamamatsu, JP); Arisaka, Katsushi (Los Angeles, CA); Wang, Hanguo (North Hills, CA)
Glossary Item - Electron
Electron An Electron Electrons are negatively charged particles that surround the atom's nucleus. Electrons were discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897. Particle Data Symbol Mass...
In situ spectroscopic applications to the study of rechargeable lithium batteries. Final report
In situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR) has been employed to examine the reactivity of lithium toward polyethylene oxide (PEO) at ca. 60{degree}C. Uncertainties regarding the cleanliness of the Li surfaces were, minimized by electrodepositing a film of metallic Li directly onto a thin layer of gold (ca. 60 {Angstrom}) vapor deposited on a Ge ATR optical element during the spectroscopic measurements. The ATR/FTIR features observed upon stripping the Li layer were consistent with the formation of alkoxide-type moieties resulting from the Li-induced cleavage of the ether-type functionalities. Electronic and structural aspects of the electrochemical insertion of lithium from non-aqueous electroyltes into FeS{sub 2} have been investigated using in situ Fe K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The results obtained indicate that the incorporation of Li{sup +} in the pyrite lattice brings about a marked decrease in the amplitude of the extended XAFS (EXAFS) oscillations, particularly for shells associated with distant atoms and a rounding of the, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) region. An analysis of the EXAFS spectra yielded a value for the FeS distance of 2.29 {plus_minus} 0.02 {Angstrom}. On this basis and additional in situ room temperature {sup 57}Fe Mossbauer effect spectroscopy data for the same system it has been proposed that the electrically formed material involves a highly disordered (possibly amorphous) form of Fe{sub l-x}S (with Li+ counterbalancing the charge).
Barbour, R.; Kim, Sunghyun; Tryk, D.; Scherson, D.A. [Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States). Dept of Chemistry
S>An electronic multiplier is described for use in analog computers. Two electrical input signals are received; one controls the slope of a saw-tooth voltage wave while the other controls the time duration of the wave. A condenser and diode clamps are provided to sustain the crest voltage reached by the wave, and for storing that voltage to provide an output signal which is a steady d-c voltage.
Collier, D.M.; Meeks, L.A.; Palmer, J.P.
A pulsed electron gun capable of delivering pulses at voltages of the order of 1 mv and currents of the order of 100 amperes is described. The principal novelty resides in a transformer construction which is disposed in the same vacuum housing as the electron source and accelerating electrode structure of the gun to supply the accelerating potential thereto. The transformer is provided by a plurality of magnetic cores disposed in circumferentially spaced relation and having a plurality of primary windings each inductively coupled to a different one of the cores, and a helical secondary winding which is disposed coaxially of the cores and passes therethrough in circumferential succession. Additional novelty resides in the disposition of the electron source cathode filament input leads interiorly of the transformer secondary winding which is hollow, as well as in the employment of a half-wave filament supply which is synchronously operated with the transformer supply such that the transformer is pulsed during the zero current portions of the half-wave cycle.
Christofilos, N.C.; Ehlers, K.W.
Physics Out Loud - Electrons
Electron Scattering Previous Video (Electron Scattering) Physics Out Loud Main Index Next Video (Elementary Particles) Elementary Particles Electrons David Lawrence, a physicist,...
Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes -
Facilities > Transmission Electron Facilities > Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes FACILITIES Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes Overview Other Facilities Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes The research activities of the Corrosion and Mechanics of Materials Section are supported by complete metallography/sample preparation rooms equipped with several optical and electron microscopes: a Transmission Electron Microscope and two Scanning Electron Microscopes. Bookmark and Share Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Detail of JEOL 100CXII TEM Figure 1: Detail of JEOL 100CXII TEM. Click on image to view larger image.
Future Electronics in CNST
... Electronic Transport in Nanoscale Organic/Inorganic Devices. ... for graphene, nanophotonic, nanoplasmonic, spintronic, and other future electronics. ...
Magnetodynamics and Spin Electronics
... Spintronics exploits the interaction between electrons' spin angular momentum ... stochastic processes in the form of electron microscope images of ...
High Speed Electronics
High Speed Electronics. ... optic sampling system provides traceability for our electrical waveform measurements ... Metrology for Electronic Packaging. ...
Optically pulsed electron accelerator
An optically pulsed electron accelerator can be used as an injector for a free electron laser and comprises a pulsed light source, such as a laser, for providing discrete incident light pulses. A photoemissive electron source emits electron bursts having the same duration as the incident light pulses when impinged upon by same. The photoemissive electron source is located on an inside wall of a radiofrequency-powered accelerator cell which accelerates the electron burst emitted by the photoemissive electron source.
Fraser, J.S.; Sheffield, R.L.
An optically pulsed electron accelerator can be used as an injector for a free electron laser and comprises a pulsed light source, such as a laser, for providing discrete incident light pulses. A photoemissive electron source emits electron bursts having the same duration as the incident light pulses when impinged upon by same. The photoemissive electron source is located on an inside wall of a radio frequency powered accelerator cell which accelerates the electron burst emitted by the photoemissive electron source.
Fraser, John S. (Los Alamos, NM); Sheffield, Richard L. (Los Alamos, NM)
A battery-operated, stabilized, high-energy pulsed electron gun for the production of rare gas excimers
We report on the design of a new type of electron gun to be used for experiments of infrared emission spectroscopy of rare gas excimers. It is based on a filament heated by means of a pack of rechargeable batteries floated atop the high-voltage power supply. The filament current is controlled by a feedback circuit including a superluminescent diode decoupled from the high voltage by means of an optical fiber. Our experiment requires that the charge injection is pulsed and constant and stable in time. This electron gun can deliver several tens of nC per pulse of electrons of energy up to $100\\,$keV into the sample cell. This new design eliminates ripples in the emission current and ensures up to 12 hrs of stable performance.
Barcellan, L; Carugno, G; Galet, G; Galeazzi, G; Borghesani, A F
Studies on a novel secondary battery: MH/MnO{sub 2} rechargeable battery. 2: Characteristics of the MnO{sub 2} cathode
The characteristics of the MnO{sub 2} cathode of a MH/MnO{sub 2} battery have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, x-ray diffraction, and potentiostatic techniques. It was found that the addition of Ni(OH){sub 2} to the MnO{sub 2} can prevent overcharge of the MnO{sub 2} and decrease the imbalance of the charge/discharge states of the positive and negative electrodes, raise the working voltage of the MH/MnO{sub 2} cell, and prevent the formation of Mn{sub 3}O{sub 4}, thereby improving the rechargeability of the MnO{sub 2} electrode. The discharge mechanism is also discussed.
Xia, X.; Guo, Z. [Xinjiang Univ., Urumqi, Xinjiang (China). Dept. of Chemistry
Glossary Term - Electron Capture
Electron Electron Previous Term (Electron) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Electron Volt (eV)) Electron Volt (eV) Electron Capture After electron capture, an atom contains one less proton and one more neutron. Electron capture is one process that unstable atoms can use to become more stable. During electron capture, an electron in an atom's inner shell is drawn into the nucleus where it combines with a proton, forming a neutron and a neutrino. The neutrino is ejected from the atom's nucleus. Since an atom loses a proton during electron capture, it changes from one element to another. For example, after undergoing electron capture, an atom of carbon (with 6 protons) becomes an atom of boron (with 5 protons). Although the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus change
1984). Colson, W. B. , "Free electron laser theory," Ph.D.M. 0. , Spitzer, R. , editors, Free Electron Generators ofM.D. , Spitzer, R. , editors, Free Electron Generators of
Colson, W.B.
Electron-Ion Collisions
... Since the ions are created and excited with the same beam of electrons, by changing the electron beam energy one can selectively exclude certain ...
Free Electron Laser
Free Electron Laser Building Exterior Top Floor Control Room RF Gallery User Lab Beam Enclosure Injector Linear Accelerator Wiggler Magnet Return Line Free Electron Laser Most...
Electron Affinity Search
... Electron Affinity Search Help. Search options (step 1) (Back to search). You may search for species based on electron affinity values in two ways: ...
Analytical Electron Microscope
... a conventional parallel electron energy-loss spectrometer (EELS) to record spectra of the energy losses experienced by the beam electrons as they ...
Diamondoids Improve Electron Emitters
Diamondoids Improve Electron Emitters Diamondoids Improve Electron Emitters Print Monday, 17 September 2012 12:02 Diamondoids are nanoparticles made of only a handful of carbon...
Single Electron Coherence
... Single electron tunneling (SET) devices have the amazing property that we can measure and control the motion of electrons one-by-one. ...
The advantages and disadvantages of the electron welding of metals are briefly reviewed. Typical apparatuses used for electron welding are described. (J.S.R)
Stohr, J.-A.
Foil Electron Multiplier
Multiplier Foil Electron Multiplier An apparatus for electron multiplication by transmission that is designed with at least one foil having a front side for receiving incident...
Controlling Graphene's Electronic Structure
Controlling Graphene's Electronic Structure Print Graphene, because of its unusual electron properties, reduced dimensionality, and scale, has enormous potential for use in...
Controlling Graphene's Electronic Structure Print Wednesday, 25 April 2007 00:00 Graphene, because of its unusual electron properties, reduced dimensionality, and scale, has...
Energy Storage & Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power Electronic...
& Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power Electronics (PE) Systems Presentations Energy Storage & Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power Electronics (PE) Systems...
Electronics Stewardship and Data Center
of electronic stewardship: Procurement of environmentally preferable electronics Enable electronics power management capabilities Establish and implement policies to extend the...
Aberration Corrected Analytical Electron Microscope
... resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), where ... the beam electrons as they ... filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM ...
Electronics and Telecommunications Portal
... Quantum Electrical Measurements; Quantum Information and ... The working of countless electronic devices involves electric and magnetic ...
NIST: Ultraviolet Photoemission Electron Microscopy
Ultraviolet Photoemission Electron Microscopy. Summary: Ultraviolet photoemission electron microscopy is used to study ...
Chapter 9: Electronics
Sophisticated front-end electronics are a key part of practically all modern radiation detector systems. This chapter introduces the basic principles and their implementation. Topics include signal acquisition, electronic noise, pulse shaping (analog and digital), and data readout techniques.
Grupen, Claus; Shwartz, Boris A.
Electron Photon Absorbed Dose
... is in progress, with preliminary results obtained for both high-energy electrons (at the ... of Clinac 12 MeV, 16 MeV and 20 MeV electron beams at ...
Catalac free electron laser
A catalac free electron laser using a rf linac (catalac) which acts as a catalyst to accelerate an electron beam in an initial pass through the catalac and decelerate the electron beam during a second pass through the catalac is described. During the second pass through the catalac, energy is extracted from the electron beam and transformed to energy of the accelerating fields of the catalac to increase efficiency of the device. Various embodiments disclose the use of post linacs to add electron beam energy extracted by the wiggler and the use of supplementary catalacs to extract energy at various energy peaks produced by the free electron laser wiggler to further enhance efficiency of the catalac free electron laser. The catalac free electron laser can be used in conjunction with a simple resonator, a ring resonator, or as an amplifier in conjunction with a master oscillator laser.
Brau, C.A.; Swenson, D.A.; Boyd, T.J. Jr.
Relativistic electron beam generator
A relativistic electron beam generator for laser media excitation is described. The device employs a diode type relativistic electron beam source having a cathode shape which provides a rectangular output beam with uniform current density.
Mooney, L.J.; Hyatt, H.M.
A catalac free electron laser using a rf linac (catalac) which acts as a catalyst to accelerate an electron beam in an initial pass through the catalac and decelerate the electron beam during a second pass through the catalac. During the second pass through the catalac, energy is extracted from the electron beam and transformed to energy of the accelerating fields of the catalac to increase efficiency of the device. Various embodiments disclose the use of post linacs to add electron beam energy extracted by the wiggler and the use of supplementary catalacs to extract energy at various energy peaks produced by the free electron laser wiggler to further enhance efficiency of the catalac free electron laser. The catalac free electron laser can be used in conjunction with a simple resonator, a ring resonator or as an amplifier in conjunction with a master oscillator laser.
Brau, Charles A. (Los Alamos, NM); Swenson, Donald A. (Los Alamos, NM); Boyd, Jr., Thomas J. (Los Alamos, NM)
1977. First Operation of a Free-Electron Laser. Phys . __Radiation from a High-Gain Free-Electeon Lasee Amplifier. ~1984. Variable-Wiggler Free-Electron-Laser Oscillat.ion.
Sessler, A.M.
Foil Electron Multiplier Foil Electron Multiplier Foil Electron Multiplier An apparatus for electron multiplication by transmission that is designed with at least one foil having a front side for receiving incident particles and a back side for transmitting secondary electrons that are produced from the incident particles transiting through the foil. Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email Foil Electron Multiplier An apparatus for electron multiplication by transmission that is designed with at least one foil having a front side for receiving incident particles and a back side for transmitting secondary electrons that are produced from the incident particles transiting through the foil. The foil thickness enables the incident particles to travel through the foil and continue on
Novel synthesis process and structure refinements of Li{sub 4}Mn{sub 5}O{sub 12} for rechargeable lithium batteries
Well crystallized Li4Mn5O12 was prepared from LiOAc-Mn(NO3)2 under flowing oxygen. Rietveld refinement with XRD and neutron powder diffraction indicated that Li4Mn5O12 has cubic spinel structure in which the Li ions occupy both the tetrahedral sites 8a and part of the octahedral sites 16d but not the 16c sites, while all the Mn ions occupy the 16d sites of the space group Fd{bar 3}m. The lattice parameter was found to be sensitive to synthesis temperature owing to variation in Mn valence. Sample prepared at 500 C showed better electrode performance: a rechargeable capacity of 135 mAh/g for the cell Li/Li4Mn5O12 at cell voltages 2.5-3.6 V. It is found that Mn oxidation state in Li4Mn5O12 has a strong effect on electrode performance of Li/Li4Mn5O12 cell.
Takada, Toshimi; Hayakawa, Hiroshi; Akiba, Etsuo [National Inst. of Materials and Chemical Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan); Izumi, Fujio [National Inst. for Research in Inorganic Materials, Tsukuba (Japan); Chakoumakos, B.C. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Electronic Materials: Web resources
Jan 11, 2008 ... WEB: NETWORKS MATEC, Maricopa Community Colleges. NSF resource center focused on semiconductor and electronics education, 0, 811�...
Electron Based Techniques
Mar 5, 2013 ... Characterization of Materials through High Resolution Coherent Imaging: Electron Based Techniques Sponsored by: TMS Structural Materials�...
Electron Backscatter Diffraction
Oct 19, 2011 ... Recent Advances in Structural Characterization of Materials: Electron Backscatter Diffraction Sponsored by: MS&T Organization Program�...
Genomics of Electronic Materials
... Metamaterials; Highly correlated electron materials, eg superconductors, such as ... A near-field scanning microwave microscope for characterization ...
BNL | CFN: Electronic Nanomaterials
goals of our CFN research program in Electronic Nanomaterials involve implementing nanostructures for photovoltaic, photochemical, and electrochemical energy conversion. Our...
Auger electron spectroscopy
A review of Auger electron spectroscopy is presented. Methods, resolution, sensitivity, and uses are discussed. 30 references, 10 figures. (GHT)
Somorjai, G.A.
... DSP-based signal generator and analyzer to ... background and provide direct measurement of ... temperature electronics to drive our superconducting ...
Usage of Electronic Monograph
Usage of Electronic Monograph. The following table shows the approximate usage of the monograph since April 1998. ...
Electron beam device
This patent pertains to an electron beam device in which a hollow target is symmetrically irradiated by a high energy, pulsed electron beam about its periphery and wherein the outer portion of the target has a thickness slightly greater than required to absorb the electron beam pulse energy. (auth)
Beckner, E.H.; Clauser, M.J.
Excess electrons can be introduced into liquids by absorption of high energy radiation, by photoionization, or by photoinjection from metal surfaces. The electron's chemical and physical properties can then be measured, but this requires that the electrons remain free. That is, the liquid must be sufficiently free of electron attaching impurities for these studies. The drift mobility as well as other transport properties of the electron are discussed here as well as electron reactions, free-ion yields and energy levels, Ionization processes typically produce electrons with excess kinetic energy. In liquids during thermalization, where this excess energy is lost to bath molecules, the electrons travel some distance from their geminate positive ions. In general the electrons at this point are still within the coulombic field of their geminate ions and a large fraction of the electrons recombine. However, some electrons escape recombination and the yield that escapes to become free electrons and ions is termed G{sub fi}. Reported values of G{sub fi} for molecular liquids range from 0.05 to 1.1 per 100 eV of energy absorbed. The reasons for this 20-fold range of yields are discussed here.
Electronic collection management and electronic information services
As the life cycle of information products has become increasingly digital from �cradle to grave�, the nature of electronic information management has dramatically changed. These changes have brought new strategies and methods as well as new ...
Gladys Cotter; Bonnie Carroll; Gail Hodge; Andrea Japzon
Sensors, Electronics & Instrumentation
Sensors, Electronics & Instrumentation Sensors, Electronics & Instrumentation Sensors, Electronics & Instrumentation Express Licensing Acoustic Concentration Of Particles In Fluid Flow Express Licensing Apparatus And Method For Hydrogen And Oxygen Mass Spectrometry Of The Terrestrial Magnetosphere Express Licensing Apparatus And Method For Temperature Correction And Expanded Count Rate Of Inorganic Scintillation Detectors Express Licensing Composition and method for removing photoresist materials from electronic components Express Licensing Corrosion Test Cell For Bipolar Plates Express Licensing Cylindrical Acoustic Levitator/Concentrator Negotiable Licensing Electrochemical Apparatus with Disposable and Modifiable Parts Express Licensing Foil electron multiplier Express Licensing Hydrogen Sensor
JLAB Electron Driver Capabilities
Several schemes have been proposed for adding a positron beam option at the Continuous Electron Beam Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory (JLAB). They involve using a primary beam of electrons or gamma rays striking a target to produce a positron beam. At JLAB electron beams are produced and used in two different accelerators, CEBAF and the JLAB FEL (Free Electron Laser). Both have low emittance and energy spread. The CEBAF beam is polarized. The FEL beam is unpolarized but the injector can produce a higher current electron beam. In this paper we describe the characteristics of these beams and the parameters relevant for positron production.
Kazimi, Reza [Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606 (United States)
High brightness electron accelerator
A compact high brightness linear accelerator is provided for use, e.g., in a free electron laser. The accelerator has a first plurality of acclerating cavities having end walls with four coupling slots for accelerating electrons to high velocities in the absence of quadrupole fields. A second plurality of cavities receives the high velocity electrons for further acceleration, where each of the second cavities has end walls with two coupling slots for acceleration in the absence of dipole fields. The accelerator also includes a first cavity with an extended length to provide for phase matching the electron beam along the accelerating cavities. A solenoid is provided about the photocathode that emits the electrons, where the solenoid is configured to provide a substantially uniform magnetic field over the photocathode surface to minimize emittance of the electrons as the electrons enter the first cavity.
Sheffield, R.L.; Carlsten, B.E.; Young, L.M.
Vehicle Technologies Office: Power Electronics
Power Electronics to Power Electronics to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Power Electronics on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Power Electronics on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Power Electronics on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Power Electronics on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Power Electronics on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: Power Electronics on AddThis.com... Just the Basics Hybrid & Vehicle Systems Energy Storage Advanced Power Electronics & Electrical Machines Power Electronics Electrical Machines Thermal Control & System Integration Advanced Combustion Engines Fuels & Lubricants Materials Technologies Power Electronics The power electronics activity focuses on research and development (R&D)
Physics Out Loud - Electron Scattering
(Electromagnetic Force) Physics Out Loud Main Index Next Video (Electrons) Electrons Electron Scattering Jefferson Lab's Hall A Leader, Cynthia Keppel, explains how nuclear...
Field emission electron source
A novel field emitter material, field emission electron source, and commercially feasible fabrication method is described. The inventive field emission electron source produces reliable electron currents of up to 400 mA/cm.sup.2 at 200 volts. The emitter is robust and the current it produces is not sensitive to variability of vacuum or the distance between the emitter tip and the cathode. The novel emitter has a sharp turn-on near 100 volts.
Zettl, Alexander Karlwalter (Kensington, CA); Cohen, Marvin Lou (Berkeley, CA)
NIST Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Facility
... leading a national and international effort in electron paramagnetic resonance ... centers (molecules or atoms with unpaired electrons) are produced ...
Electronic Nanodevices Laboratory
... such as charge and energy transfer occur at ... screened for their potential integration into electronic ... of electrical transport processes in such systems. ...
Scanning Electron Microscopy
... Bob Gordon of Hitachi explains that the electrons are produced by a tungsten filament, just like in an incandescent light bulb, but since the sample ...
Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
Oct 18, 2011 ... Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Electron Beam Melting (EBM) I Sponsored by: MS&T Organization Program Organizers: Ian D. Harris, EWI;�...
Metrology Electron Microscopy
Metrology Electron Microscopy. Technical Contact: Joseph (Joe) Fu. 301-975-3795. Figure 1. SRM 484f Sample and its Micrograph. ...
Electron caustic lithography
A maskless method of electron beam lithography is described which uses the reflection of an electron beam from an electrostatic mirror to produce caustics in the demagnified image projected onto a resist-coated wafer. By varying the electron optics, e.g. via objective lens defocus, both the morphology and dimensions of the caustic features may be controlled, producing a range of bright and tightly focused projected features. The method is illustrated for line and fold caustics and is complementary to other methods of reflective electron beam lithography.
Kennedy, S. M.; Zheng, C. X.; Tang, W. X.; Paganin, D. M.; Jesson, D. E. [School of Physics, Monash University, Victoria, 3800 (Australia); Fu, J. [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800 (Australia)
Electron Beam Melting
Oct 9, 2012 ... Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Electron Beam Melting Program Organizers: Ian Harris, EWI; Ola Harrysson, North Carolina State University;�...
Free electron lasers
A review of experimental and theoretical concepts of a free electron laser is given. The possibilities of scaling these lasers to high powers are discussed. (MOW)
Brau, C.A.
Carbon Fiber Electronic Interconnects.
??Carbon fiber is an emerging material in electrical and electronics industry. It has been used as contact in many applications, such as switch, potentiometer, and� (more)
Deng, Yuliang
Recycling Electronic Waste - Website
Jun 18, 2010 ... Joined: 2/13/2007. Below is a link to a website that has articles on recycling electronic waste. http://www.scientificamerican....ectronic-waste-�...
BNL | CFN: Electron Microscopy
and chemistry at the atomic scale is crucial to modern materials science and nanotechnology. Advanced electron microscopy can provide the fundamental knowledge that will...
We report on the design of a new type of hot-filament electron gun delivering fairly high current (a few hundreds of {mu} A) at high voltage (up to 100 kV) in continuous or pulsed mode. Its novel features are that the filament is heated by means of a pack of rechargeable batteries floated atop the high-voltage power supply in order to get rid of bulky isolation transformers, and that the filament current and, hence, the electron gun current, is controlled by a feedback circuit including a superluminescent diode decoupled from the high voltage by means of an optical fiber. This electron gun is intended for general purposes, although we have especially developed it to meet the needs of our experiment on the infrared emission spectroscopy of rare gas excimers. Our experiment requires that the charge injection into the sample is pulsed and constant and stable in time. The new electron gun can deliver several tens of nC per pulse of electrons of energy up to 100 keV into the sample cell. The new design also eliminates ripples in the emission current and ensures up to 12 h of stable performance.
Barcellan, L.; Carugno, G. [INFN Section, Padua (Italy); Berto, E.; Galet, G.; Galeazzi, G. [Department of Physics, University of Padua (Italy); Borghesani, A. F. [INFN Section, Padua (Italy); CNISM Unit, Department of Physics, University of Padua (Italy)
Controlling Graphene's Electronic Structure Print Controlling Graphene's Electronic Structure Print Graphene, because of its unusual electron properties, reduced dimensionality, and scale, has enormous potential for use in ultrafast electronic transistors. It exhibits high conductivity and an anomalous quantum Hall effect (a phenomenon exhibited by certain semiconductor devices at low temperatures and high magnetic fields). Among its novel properties, graphene's electrical charge carriers (electrons and holes) move through a solid with effectively zero mass and constant velocity, like photons. Graphene's intrinsically low scattering rate from defects implies the possibility of a new kind of electronics based on the manipulation of electrons as waves rather than particles. The primary technical difficulty has been controlling the transport of electrical charge carriers through the sheet. This area of research is known as bandgap engineering. While bandgap engineering is the basis of semiconductor technology, it is only now being applied to graphene. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) at ALS Beamline 7.0.1, a team of scientists from the ALS and Germany characterized the electronic band structure and successfully controlled the gap between valence and conduction bands in a bilayer of graphene thin films deposited on a substrate of silicon carbide. This was done by doping one sheet with adsorbed potassium atoms, creating an asymmetry between the two layers.
Battery Types
...and rechargeable batteries (Table 1A battery consists of a negative electrode (anode) from which electrons
Electron Microscopy Lab
Facilities » Facilities » Electron Microscopy Lab Electron Microscopy Lab Focusing on the study of microstructures with electron and ion beam instruments, including crystallographic and chemical techniques. April 12, 2012 Transmission electron microscope Rob Dickerson examines a multiphase oxide scale using the FEI Titan 80-300 transmission electron microscope. Contact Rob Dickerson (505) 667-6337 Email Rod McCabe (505) 606-1649 Email Pat Dickerson (505) 665-3036 Email Tom Wynn (505) 665-6861 Email Dedicated to the characterization of materials through imaging, chemical, and crystallographic analyses of material microstructures in support of Basic Energy Science, Laboratory Directed Research and Development, DoD, DOE, Work for Others, nuclear energy, and weapons programs. Go to full website »
Electronic Reading Room
Electronic Reading Room - making information about the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and Privacy Act process accessible to the public electronically. Electronic Reading Room - making information about the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and Privacy Act process accessible to the public electronically. Major Information Systems - Final Opinions - [5 USC 552 (a)(2)](A) final opinions, including concurring and dissenting opinions, as well as orders, made in the adjudication of cases within the Office of Hearings and Appeals Statements of Policy and Interpretation and Administrative Staff Manuals and Instructions - [5 USC 552 (a)(2)](B) those statements of policy and interpretation which have been adopted by the agency and are not published in the Federal Register - Directives, DOE Orders, Headquarters Orders, Secretarial Notices, Technical Standards, Forms, Delegations, Electronic Library Public Reading Facilities - making information available for public inspection and copying
Electron: Cluster interactions
Beam depletion spectroscopy has been used to measure absolute total inelastic electron-sodium cluster collision cross sections in the energy range from E {approximately} 0.1 to E {approximately} 6 eV. The investigation focused on the closed shell clusters Na{sub 8}, Na{sub 20}, Na{sub 40}. The measured cross sections show an increase for the lowest collision energies where electron attachment is the primary scattering channel. The electron attachment cross section can be understood in terms of Langevin scattering, connecting this measurement with the polarizability of the cluster. For energies above the dissociation energy the measured electron-cluster cross section is energy independent, thus defining an electron-cluster interaction range. This interaction range increases with the cluster size.
Scheidemann, A.A. [Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Kresin, V.V. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Knight, W.D. [California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Electrons and Mirror Symmetry
The neutral weak force between an electron and a target particle, mediated by the Z boson, can be isolated by measuring the fractional change under a mirror reflection of the scattering probability of relativistic longitudinally polarized electrons off unpolarized targets. This technique yields neutral weak force measurements at a length scale of 1 femtometer, in contrast to high energy collider measurements that probe much smaller length scales. Study of the variation of the weak force over a range of length scales provides a stringent test of theory, complementing collider measurements. We describe a recent measurement of the neutral weak force between two electrons by the E158 experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. While the weak force between an electron and positron has been extensively studied, that between two electrons had never directly been measured. We conclude by discussing prospects for even more precise measurements at future facilities.
Kumar, Krishna (University of Massachusetts, Amherst)
Developing electronic textbooks
This paper discusses a new approach to the development of engineering education materials. The ``Electronic Textbook`` represents the logical progression of the printed textbook in the Electronic Age. The concept behind this approach is simple; to place all of the information contained in a textbook in electronic form. Currently, paper texts exist on the market with electronic supplements, however, this Electronic Textbook would include supplements fully integrated in the whole text. The computer hardware and software needed to make this advance possible have existed for nearly ten years, and they have been readily available to engineering educators and students for over three years. Computer based ``tools`` in engineering textbooks as are prevalent today range from computer styled algorithms and code snippets, to fully developed software applications with graphical user interfaces on floppy disks attached to the back covers of books. The next logical step in publishing is to dispense with the paper book entirely, by distributing textbooks via electronic media such as CD-ROM. Electronic Textbooks use the full range of multi-media technologies in the learning and teaching process including video clips, computer animations and fully functional numerical engines as integral parts of the textbook material. This is very appealing since interactive media provide teaching tools that appeal to divergent learning styles. The advantages of Electronic Textbooks lead to several challenges. Special attention must be paid to the development of user interfaces; navigation is of particular importance when non- linear exploration is encouraged. These issues are being addressed at the Sandia National Laboratories by an electronic documentation development team. This team includes experts in engineering, in human factors, and in computer hardware and software development. Guidelines for the development of electronic textbooks based on the experiences of this team are provided.
Zadoks, R.I. [Texas Univ., El Paso, TX (United States). Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Dept.; Ratner, J.A. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Rechargeable Batteries: Basics, Pitfalls, and Safe Recharging Practices
Abstract: This overview of charging methods and current battery technologies gives you a better understanding of the batteries used in portable devices. Nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH), and lithium-ion (Li+) battery chemistries are discussed. The article also describes a product that protects single-cell lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries.
unknown authors
Aerogels for electronics
In addition to their other exceptional properties, aerogels also exhibit unusual dielectric and electronic properties due to their nano-sized structures and high porosities. For example, aerogels have the lowest dielectric constants measured for a solid material (having values approaching 1.0); they have exceptionally high dielectric resistivities and strengths (i.e., ability to insulate very high voltages); they exhibit low dielectric loss at microwave frequencies; and some aerogels are electrically conductive and photoconductive. These properties are being exploited to provide the next generation of materials for energy storage, low power consumption, and ultra-fast electronics. We are working toward adapting these unusual materials for microelectronic applications, particularly, making thin aerogel films for dielectric substrates and for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. Measurements are presented in this paper for the dielectric and electronic properties of aerogels, including the dielectric constant, loss factor, dielectric and electrical conductivity, volume resistivity, and dielectric strength. We also describe methods to form and characterize thin aerogel films which are being developed for numerous electronic applications. Finally, some of the electronic applications proposed for aerogels are presented. Commercialization of aerogels for electronics must await further feasibility, prototype development, and cost studies, but they are one of the key materials and are sure to have a major impact on future electronics.
Hrubesh, L.W.
KC! /FeS 2 cell lithium-silicon magnesium oxide molten-saltmolten-salt cells Na/Na glass/Na:z.Sn-S cell Na/NazO�xA!Symposium on Molten Salts, Physical Electrochemistry
Cairns, Elton J.
October 1977-September 1978, Argonne National Lab Report 78-New York, 1976, p. 473. Argonne National Laboratory, AnnualOctober 1978-March 1979, Argonne National Lab Report No. 70-
Development of a solar-desiccant dehumidifier. Phase II. Final summary report
The solar desiccant air conditioner (SODAC), its operation, characteristics of the major components, performance at design conditions, and the control schemes for optimum operation in various climates are described for both recirculated and ventilated configurations, with greater emphasis on the recirculated configuration. The development testing and the determination of the SODAC performance in both configurations over the entire range of interfacing parameters are reported. (LEW)
Rousseau, J.
Experimental study of the heat and mass transfer in a packed bed liquid desiccant air dehumidifier
Desiccant cooling systems have the ability to provide efficient humidity and temperature control while reducing the electrical energy requirement for air conditioning as compared to a conventional system. Naturally, the desiccant air dehumidification process greatly influences the overall performance of the desiccant system. Therefore, the effects of variables such as air and desiccant flow rates, air temperature and humidity, desiccant temperature and concentration, and the area available for heat and mass transfer are of great interest. Due to the complexity of the dehumidification process, theoretical modeling relies heavily upon experimental studies. However, a limited number of experimental studies are reported in the literature. This paper presents results from a detailed experimental investigation of the heat and mass transfer between a liquid desiccant (triethylene glycol) and air in a packed bed absorption tower using high liquid flow rates. A high performance packing that combines good heat and mass transfer characteristics with low pressure drop is used. The rate of dehumidification, as well as the effectiveness of the dehumidification process are assessed based on the variables listed above. Good agreement is shown to exist between the experimental findings and predictions from finite difference modeling. In addition, a comparison between the findings in the present study and findings previously reported in the literature is made. The results obtained from this study make it possible to characterize the important variables which impact the system design.
Oeberg, V.; Goswami, D.Y. [Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)
Dynamic performance of packed-bed dehumidifiers: experimental results from the SERI desiccant test loop
Discussed are the design and construction of a desiccant test loop and results of tests with a silica-gel-packed bed. The test loop consists of two centrifugal fans, two duct heaters, a steam humidifier, 24.4m (80 ft) of 30-cm (12-in.) circular duct, instrumentation, and a test section. The loop is capable of testing adsorption and desorption modes at flow rates up to 0.340 kg/s (600 scfm) and at regeneration temperatures up to 120/sup 0/C (248/sup 0/F). Tests of a 74-cm(29-in.)-diameter, 3.2-cm(1.25-in.)-thick silica gel bed indicated that mass transfer occurs more readily in the adsorption direction than in the desorption direction. Pressure drop data indicated that the resistance of each of the two screens that hold the silica gel in place was equivalent to 2.5-cm(1-in.) of silica gel due to plugging. Results of the tests were also used to validate a SERI desiccant computer model, DESSIM.
Kutscher, C F; Barlow, R S
Development of a solar desiccant dehumidifier. Phase II. Technical progress report
The effort reported is a continuation of the development testing of the 1.5-ton solar desiccant air conditioner (SODAC) and is concerned with determination of the SODAC performance in the recirculated and ventilated mode configuration. Test data in the recirculated mode are presented. As originally conceived, the SODAC features two-speed indoor and outdoor fans to permit more efficient operation at reduced capacity. In both full-flow and half-flow cases, the experimental data are compared to computer predictions. The system and its operation are described, as are the system test facility and procedures. The system description includes the characteristics of the major components, the performance at design conditions, and the control schemes for optimum operation in various climates. (LEW)
Development of a solar-desiccant dehumidifier. Phase II second technical progress report
The solar desiccant air conditioner (SODAC) system and its operation are described, including the characteristics of the major components, the performance at design conditions, and the control schemes for optimum operation in various climates. The system uses granular silica gel as a desiccant. It may operate in either a recirculated mode (no air exchange between the outside and the conditioned space) or a ventilated mode (air exchanged between outside and conditioned space). The test data in the ventilated mode at design flow rates are presented. Data include outdoor and indoor inlet wet and dry bulb temperatures, indoor outlet dry and wet bulb temperatures, capacity, coefficient of performance, air flow rates, hot water temperature, and solar heat used. The effects of indoor, outdoor, and hot water temperatures on the capacity and coefficient of performance are shown graphically, and the recirculated and ventilated modes, performances are compared. (LEW)
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
...Transmission electron microcopy (TEM) has been used since the 1950s to obtain very high resolution images of microstructures. As TEMs were enhanced to include features such as digitally scanned point beams and energy dispersive x-ray detectors
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
...The scanning electron microscope provides a valuable combination of high resolution imaging, elemental analysis, and recently, crystallographic analysis: Imaging of features as small as sim 10 nm or less, roughly 100 times smaller than can be seen with...
What is flexible electronics?
Flexible electronics has recently attracted much attention because of their potential in providing cost-efficient solutions to large-area applications such as rollable displays and TVs, e-paper, smart sensors and transparent RFIDs. The key advantages ...
Kwang-Ting (Tim) Cheng; Tsung-Ching Huang
Free electron laser
A high gain, single-pass free electron laser formed of a high brilliance electron injector source, a linear accelerator which imparts high energy to the electron beam, and an undulator capable of extremely high magnetic fields, yet with a very short period. The electron injector source is the first stage (gap) of the linear accelerator or a radial line transformer driven by fast circular switch. The linear accelerator is formed of a plurality of accelerating gaps arranged in series. These gaps are energized in sequence by releasing a single pulse of energy which propagates simultaneously along a plurality of transmission lines, each of which feeds the gaps. The transmission lines are graduated in length so that pulse power is present at each gap as the accelerated electrons pass therethrough. The transmission lines for each gap are open circuited at their ends. The undualtor has a structure similar to the accelerator, except that the transmission lines for each gap are substantially short circuited at their ends, thus converting the electric field into magnetic field. A small amount of resistance is retained in order to generate a small electric field for replenishing the electron bunch with the energy lost as it traverses through the undulator structure.
Villa, Francesco (Alameda, CA)
Electron and laser beam welding
This book contains 22 selections. Some of the titles are: Laser welding of chandelles to the plates of the sommier employed in the nuclear power plant core; Electron beam welding of hobbing cutters; Sealing welds in electron beam welding of thick metals; Development and application of high power electron beam welding; Electron beam welding of dissimilar metals (niobium, molybdenum, porous tungsten-molybdenum); Status of electron beam welding in the United States of America; and Electron and laser beam welding in Japan.
Electronics Stewardship | Department of Energy
Electronics Electronics Stewardship Electronics Stewardship Mission The team promotes sustainable management of LM's electronic equipment by integrating the relevant requirements of Executive Order (EO) 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management, and (EO) 13514, Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance, and DOE Order 436.1, Departmental Sustainability, with LM activities, as approved by LM. The team advocates environmentally sound electronic stewardship practices. Scope The team uses a life-cycle approach to reduce the negative environmental impacts posed by electronic equipment. Established processes evaluate beneficial acquisition, use, and disposition of electronic equipment. Key Expectations Propose electronic stewardship goals/targets.
Advance Electronics | Open Energy Information
Advance Electronics Jump to: navigation, search Name Advance Electronics Place United Kingdom Zip LL14 3YR Product Develop and deliver power conditioners, transient suppressors,...
Circular free-electron laser
A high efficiency, free electron laser is described utilizing a circular relativistic electron beam accelerator and a circular whispering mode optical waveguide for guiding optical energy in a circular path in the circular relativistic electron beam accelerator such that the circular relativistic electron beam and the optical energy are spatially contiguous in a resonant condition for free electron laser operation. Both a betatron and synchrotron are disclosed for use in the present invention. A free electron laser wiggler is disposed around the circular relativistic electron beam accelerator for generating a periodic magnetic field to transform energy from the circular relativistic electron beam to optical energy.
Brau, C.A.; Kurnit, N.A.; Cooper, R.K.
Electron Physics Group Staff Page
... Electron Physics Group Staff. ... Jabez McClelland, Group Leader Jabez McClelland is the Group Leader of the CNST Electron Physics Group. ...
Electron Trapping by Molecular Vibration
Electron Trapping by Molecular Vibration Print In photoelectron spectroscopy experiments performed at the ALS, a group of researchers has found that electronic transitions normally...
A high efficiency, free electron laser utilizing a circular relativistic electron beam accelerator and a circular whispering mode optical waveguide for guiding optical energy in a circular path in the circular relativistic electron beam accelerator such that the circular relativistic electron beam and the optical energy are spatially contiguous in a resonant condition for free electron laser operation. Both a betatron and synchrotron are disclosed for use in the present invention. A free electron laser wiggler is disposed around the circular relativistic electron beam accelerator for generating a periodic magnetic field to transform energy from the circular relativistic electron beam to optical energy.
Brau, Charles A. (Los Alamos, NM); Kurnit, Norman A. (Santa Fe, NM); Cooper, Richard K. (Los Alamos, NM)
28 00 00 ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND SECURITY ELECTRONIC SECURITY SYSTEM DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION Services #12;28 00 00 ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND SECURITY August 8, 2011 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN ELECTRONIC SECURITY SYSTEM DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING GUIDE PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 NOTICE
Texas at Austin, University of
28 00 00 ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND SECURITY ELECTRONIC SECURITY SYSTEM DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION Services #12;28 00 00 ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND SECURITY May 1, 2013 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN ELECTRONIC SECURITY SYSTEM DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING GUIDE PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 NOTICE
Electron Microscopy Center
iTEAM iTEAM The in situ Transmission Electron Aberration Corrected Microscope (iTEAM) is a proposed project to develop a microscope with powerful capabilities for in situ studies of materials in their native environment. iTEAM will build on the success of the TEAM project by utilizing both spherical and chromatic aberration correction in an electron microscope to provide unprecedented capabilities to study materials in controlled environments of temperature, pressure, or fluidic states with the high-resolution in imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy typical of electron probes. The capabilities of iTEAM will lead to new ways to understand the behavior of materials in native environments, with particular relevance to major energy initiatives such as catalysis, solar conversion, fuel cells, and batteries. In addition, iTEAM will provide new capabilities to understand organic/inorganic interfaces, functionalized nanoparticles, and biomaterials under natural conditions.
>An electronic regulating system is described for controlling the electron emission of a cathode, for example, the cathode in a mass spectrometer. The system incorporates a transformer having a first secondary winding for the above-mentioned cathode and a second secondary winding for the above-mentioned cathode and a second secondary winding load by grid controlled vacuum tubes. A portion of the electron current emitted by the cathode is passed through a network which develops a feedback signal. The system arrangement is completed by using the feedback signal to control the vacuum tubes in the second secondary winding through a regulator tube. When a change in cathode emission occurs, the feedback signal acts to correct this change by adjusting the load on the transformer.
Brenholdt, I.R.
Electron launching voltage monitor
An electron launching voltage monitor measures MITL voltage using a relationship between anode electric field and electron current launched from a cathode-mounted perturbation. An electron launching probe extends through and is spaced from the edge of an opening in a first MITL conductor, one end of the launching probe being in the gap between the MITL conductor, the other end being adjacent a first side of the first conductor away from the second conductor. A housing surrounds the launching probe and electrically connects the first side of the first conductor to the other end of the launching probe. A detector detects the current passing through the housing to the launching probe, the detected current being representative of the voltage between the conductors.
Mendel, Clifford W. (Albuquerque, NM); Savage, Mark E. (Albuquerque, NM)
Acknowledgment Acknowledgment EMC Home Overview Personnel Resources Highlights Publications Visit EMC Contact Info Information for Users Becoming a User Submit a Proposal End-of-Proposal Report Acknowledgment User Training User Safety User Status Instrument Access User Committee User Meetings Data Storage Policy Visiting the EMC Instrument Calendars Info for EMC Staff SÅMM Facility TEAM Project Microscopy Links Argonne Facilities DOE/BES Facilities DOE/BES BES Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers Acknowledgment Please acknowledge your use of the EMC in your publications and presentations with the following acknowledgment statement: The electron microscopy was accomplished at the Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago Argonne, LLC.
Electronic ballast improves efficiency
As part of a DOE program, the performance of various electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps have been evaluated relative to high quality core-coil ballasts under similar ambient conditions. The results of this investigation are reported. Real energy savings can exceed 40% while comfort and quality of illumination are improved. A detailed comparison of two types of ballast is presented. Voltage effects and temperature effects as well as dimming features are discussed. Light levels, power energy consumption, and daylighting are also treated. It is concluded that, with the electronic ballast, an annual payback of $8.20/yr is possible as compared to the core-coil ballasted fluorescent lamp. Further, much greater flexibility in use is possible with the electronic ballast equipped lamp. (MJJ)
Verderber, R.R.
Electron-electron interactions in fast neutral-neutral collisions
Differential electron emission is studied for 50--500 keV H{sup +} and H atom impact on helium. Using the first Born formulation, it is shown that projectile electron-target electron interactions are expected to dominate the differential cross sections for low energy target electron emission induced by fast neutral projectile impact on any target. Measurements of the 15{degrees} electron emission were made in order to investigate this prediction. For low impact energies, a constant ratio between the hydrogen atom and proton impact cross sections was found for emitted electron velocities less than half the projectile velocity, V{sub p} But as the collision energy increased, for electron velocities less than 0.25 V{sub p}, the cross section ratio increased as the emitted electron velocity decreased. This is interpreted as a signature of projectile electron-target electron interactions becoming dominant for distant collisions between neutral particles.
DuBois, R.D. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Manson, S.T. [Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Differential electron emission is studied for 50--500 keV H[sup +] and H atom impact on helium. Using the first Born formulation, it is shown that projectile electron-target electron interactions are expected to dominate the differential cross sections for low energy target electron emission induced by fast neutral projectile impact on any target. Measurements of the 15[degrees] electron emission were made in order to investigate this prediction. For low impact energies, a constant ratio between the hydrogen atom and proton impact cross sections was found for emitted electron velocities less than half the projectile velocity, V[sub p] But as the collision energy increased, for electron velocities less than 0.25 V[sub p], the cross section ratio increased as the emitted electron velocity decreased. This is interpreted as a signature of projectile electron-target electron interactions becoming dominant for distant collisions between neutral particles.
DuBois, R.D. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)); Manson, S.T. (Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy)
Fabrication Fabrication Manufacturing Technologies Electronic Fabrication provides our cus- tomers solutions for the packaging design, production acceptable prototype fabrica- tion, or deliverable production fabrication. Capabilities * Final electronic product packaging from sketches and verbal instructions * Provide CAD drawing package after project completion if no formal prints are available * Complete system development and fab- rication through concurrent engineering * Concurrent engineering in prototype and production fabrication * Integrate commercial equipment into prototype system design * Implementation and modification of commercial equipment * Packaging of prototype into finalized product assembly Resources * Customer assistance from fabrication, to testing, to complete system installation
Packaging Packaging Manufacturing Technologies The Electronic Packaging technologies in the Thin Film, Vacuum, and Packaging Department are a resource for all aspects of microelectronic packag- ing. From design and layout to fabrication of proto- type samples, the staff offers partners the opportu- nity for concurrent engineering and development of a variety of electronic packaging concepts. This includes assistance in selecting the most appropri- ate technology for manufacturing, analysis of per- formance characteristics and development of new and unique processes. Capabilities 1. Network Fabrication * Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) * Thick Film * Thin Film 2. Packaging and Assembly * Chip Level Packaging * MEMs Packaging * Hermetic Sealing * Surface Mount Technology
Precision electron polarimetry
A new generation of precise Parity-Violating experiments will require a sub-percent accuracy of electron beam polarimetry. Compton polarimetry can provide such accuracy at high energies, but at a few hundred MeV the small analyzing power limits the sensitivity. M{\\o}ller polarimetry provides a high analyzing power independent on the beam energy, but is limited by the properties of the polarized targets commonly used. Options for precision polarimetry at ~300 MeV will be discussed, in particular a proposal to use ultra-cold atomic hydrogen traps to provide a 100\\%-polarized electron target for M{\\o}ller polarimetry.
Chudakov, Eugene A. [JLAB
Electronically configured battery pack
Battery packs for portable equipment must sometimes accommodate conflicting requirements to meet application needs. An electronically configurable battery pack was developed to support two highly different operating modes, one requiring very low power consumption at a low voltage and the other requiring high power consumption at a higher voltage. The configurable battery pack optimizes the lifetime and performance of the system by making the best use of all available energy thus enabling the system to meet its goals of operation, volume, and lifetime. This paper describes the cell chemistry chosen, the battery pack electronics, and tradeoffs made during the evolution of its design.
Kemper, D.
A graphene electron lens
An epitaxial layer of graphene was grown on a pre patterned 6H-SiC(0001) crystal. The graphene smoothly covers the hexagonal nano-holes in the substrate without the introduction of small angle grain boundaries or dislocations. This is achieved by an elastic deformation of the graphene by {approx_equal}0.3% in accordance to its large elastic strain limit. This elastic stretching of the graphene leads to a modification of the band structure and to a local lowering of the electron group velocity of the graphene. We propose to use this effect to focus two-dimensional electrons in analogy to simple optical lenses.
Gerhard, L.; Balashov, T.; Wulfhekel, W. [Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany); Moyen, E.; Ozerov, I.; Sahaf, H.; Masson, L.; Hanbuecken, M. [CINaM-CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Campus Luminy - Case 913, 18288 Marseille (France); Portail, M. [CRHEA-CNRS, Parc de Sophia - Antipolis, rue B. Gregory, 06560 Valbonne (France)
Electron Beam Powder Bed Processes
Advanced Materials, Processes and Applications for Additive Manufacturing : Electron Beam Powder Bed Processes Program Organizers: Andrzej�...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites
Laboratory Laboratory Electron Microscopy Center Argonne Home > EMC > EMC Home Overview Personnel Resources Highlights Publications Visit EMC Contact Info Information for Users Instrument Calendars Info for EMC Staff SÅMM Facility TEAM Project Microscopy Links Argonne Facilities DOE/BES Facilities DOE/BES BES Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers An Office of Science User Facility The Electron Microscopy Center (EMC) at Argonne National Laboratory develops and maintains unique capabilities for electron beam characterization and applies those capabilities to solve materials problems. The EMC staff carry out research with collaborators and users from Argonne, universities, and other laboratories. The expertise and facilities of the EMC additionally serve a group of national and international researchers. The EMC emphasizes three major areas: materials research, technique and instrumentation development, and operation as a national research facility. Research by EMC personnel includes microscopy based studies in high Tc superconducting materials, irradiation effects in metals and semiconductors, phase transformations, and processing related structure and chemistry of interfaces in thin films.
electronic reprint Crystallography
electronic reprint Journal of Applied Crystallography ISSN 0021-8898 Molsee: a Tcl/Tk-based program of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain ± all rights reserved Molsee: a Tcl/Tk-based program to control Rasmol molecules. In order to make it more user-friendly, Molsee, a Tcl/Tk-based graphical user interface front end
Luhua, Lai
Electron beam cutting
A method for the cutting of holes 20 Angstroms in diameter, or lines 20 Angstroms wide in a material having positive ionic conduction by the use of a focused electron probe is described. The holes and lines are stable under ambient conditions.
Mochel, Margaret E. (Champaign, IL); Humphreys, Colin J. (Abingdon, GB2)
Superconductivity and electron tunneling
Experiments on the tunneling of electrons through a thin dielectric layer separating two superconducting metals are reported. Data are presented for the pairs AI-Pb, Sn-Pb, and In-Sn. Particular attention is paid to the form of the tunneling current ...
S. Shapiro; P. H. Smith; J. Nicol; J. L. Miles; P. F. Strong
The electronic digital computer is designed to solve systems involving a plurality of simultaneous linear equations. The computer can solve a system which converges rather rapidly when using Von Seidel's method of approximation and performs the summations required for solving for the unknown terms by a method of successive approximations.
Stone, J.J. Jr.; Bettis, E.S.; Mann, E.R.
Calorimeter Electronics Jim Pilcher
photons to electrical signal Photons from Cerenkov radiation or scintillation Amplify the number diverse device Many sizes and shapes Much experience from years of usage and development Wide range. Pilcher9 The Physics of PMTs Design principle Amplification by electron acceleration in electric field
A method for the cutting of holes 20 Angstroms in diameter, or lines 20 Angstroms wide in a material having positive ionic conduction by the use of a focused electron probe is described. The holes and lines are stable under ambient conditions. 2 figs.
Mochel, M.E.; Humphreys, C.J.
Energy Storage & Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power Electronics
& Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power & Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power Electronics (PE) Systems Presentations Energy Storage & Power Electronics 2008 Peer Review - Power Electronics (PE) Systems Presentations The 2008 Peer Review Meeting for the DOE Energy Storage and Power Electronics Program (ESPE) was held in Washington DC on Sept. 29-30, 2008. Current and completed program projects were presented and reviewed by a group of industry professionals. The 2008 agenda was composed of 28 projects that covered a broad range of new and ongoing, state-of-the-art, energy storage and power electronics technologies, including updates on the collaborations among DOE/ESPE, CEC in California, and NYSERDA in New York. Power Electronics (PE) Systems presentations are available below. ESPE 2008 Peer Review - High Power Density Silicon Carbide Power Electronic
Towards demonstration of electron cooling with bunched electron beam
All electron cooling systems which were in operation so far employed electron beam generated with an electrostatic electron gun in DC operating mode, immersed in a longitudinal magnetic field. At low energies magnetic field is also being used to transport electron beam through the cooling section from the gun to the collector. At higher energies (few MeV), it was shown that one can have simpler electron beam transport without continuous magnetic field. Because of a rather weak magnetic field on the cathode and in the cooling section the latter approach was referred to as 'non-magnetized cooling', since there was no suppression of the transverse angular spread of the electron beam with the magnetic field in the cooling section. Such a cooler successfully operated at FNAL (2005-11) at electron beam energy of 4.3 MeV. Providing cooling at even higher energies would be easier with RF acceleration of electron beam, and thus using bunched electron beam for cooling. Significant efforts were devoted to explore various aspects of such bunched electron beam cooling as part of R and D of high-energy electron cooling for RHIC. However, experimental studies of such cooling are still lacking. Establishing this technique experimentally would be extremely useful for future high-energy applications. Presently there is an ongoing effort to build Proof-of-Principle (PoP) experiment of Coherent Electron Cooling (CEC) at RHIC, which promises to be superior to conventional electron cooling for high energies. Since the CEC experiment is based on bunched electron beam and it has sections where electron beam co-propagates with the ion beam at the same velocity, it also provides a unique opportunity to explore experimentally conventional electron cooling but for the first time with a bunched electron beam. As a result, it allows us to explore techniques needed for the high-energy electron cooling such as 'painting' with a short electron beam and control of ion beam distribution under cooling which is essential if cooling is provided in a collider. The software needed for comparison with the experiments is already developed as part of the previous high-energy electron cooling studies for RHIC. Since electron beam will be non-magnetized and there will be no magnetic field in the cooling section it will be also a first demonstration of fully non-magnetized cooling. The purpose of these studies was to explore whether we would be able to observe conventional electron cooling with parameters expected in the CEC PoP experiment. Below we summarize requirements on electron beam and cooling section needed for such demonstration.
Fedotov, A.
Electronics & Telecommunications Programs/Projects in PML
Electronics & Telecommunications Programs/Projects in PML. ... Electric Power Metrology and the Smart Grid. Electronic Kilogram. ...
An Office of Science User Facility An Office of Science User Facility The Electron Microscopy Center (EMC) at Argonne National Laboratory develops and maintains unique capabilities for electron beam characterization and applies those capabilities to solve materials problems. The EMC staff carry out research with collaborators and users from Argonne, universities, and other laboratories. The expertise and facilities of the EMC additionally serve a group of national and international researchers. The EMC emphasizes three major areas: materials research, technique and instrumentation development, and operation as a national research facility. Research by EMC personnel includes microscopy based studies in high Tc superconducting materials, irradiation effects in metals and semiconductors, phase transformations, and processing related structure and chemistry of interfaces in thin films.
SAMM SAMM EMC Home Overview Personnel Resources Highlights Publications Visit EMC Contact Info Information for Users Instrument Calendars Info for EMC Staff SÅMM Facility TEAM Project Microscopy Links Argonne Facilities DOE/BES Facilities DOE/BES BES Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers Sub-Ångstrom Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility In order to meet the scientific challenges of the future, the EMC has built a new state-of-the-art laboratory space for advanced electron microscopy. The new building has been designed to provide next- generation science with an operating environment that cannot be attained by renovating existing facilities. The EMC staff learned as much as possible from similar efforts around the world, including the SuperSTEM building at Daresbury, the Triebenberg Special Laboratory, the AML at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the new NIST building, and various facilities for nanoscience.
Electron-doping Electron-doping evolution of the low-energy spin excitations in the iron arsenide superconductor BaFe 2-x Ni x As 2 Miaoyin Wang, 1 Huiqian Luo, 2 Jun Zhao, 1 Chenglin Zhang, 1 Meng Wang, 2,1 Karol Marty, 3 Songxue Chi, 4 Jeffrey W. Lynn, 4 Astrid Schneidewind, 5,6 Shiliang Li, 2, * and Pengcheng Dai 1,2,3,† 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1200, USA 2 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China 3 Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6393, USA 4 NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA 5 Gemeinsame Forschergruppe HZB, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-14109
A method is presented for altering physical properties of certain solids, such as enhancing the usefulness of solids, in which atomic interchange occurs through a vacancy mechanism, electron irradiation, and temperature control. In a centain class of metals, alloys, and semiconductors, diffusion or displacement of atoms occurs through a vacancy mechanism, i.e., an atom can only move when there exists a vacant atomic or lattice site in an adjacent position. In the process of the invention highenergy electron irradiation produces additional vacancies in a solid over those normally occurring at a given temperature and allows diffusion of the component atoms of the solid to proceed at temperatures at which it would not occur under thermal means alone in any reasonable length of time. The invention offers a precise way to increase the number of vacancies and thereby, to a controlled degree, change the physical properties of some materials, such as resistivity or hardness.
Damask, A.C.
Power electronics reliability.
The project's goals are: (1) use experiments and modeling to investigate and characterize stress-related failure modes of post-silicon power electronic (PE) devices such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) switches; and (2) seek opportunities for condition monitoring (CM) and prognostics and health management (PHM) to further enhance the reliability of power electronics devices and equipment. CM - detect anomalies and diagnose problems that require maintenance. PHM - track damage growth, predict time to failure, and manage subsequent maintenance and operations in such a way to optimize overall system utility against cost. The benefits of CM/PHM are: (1) operate power conversion systems in ways that will preclude predicted failures; (2) reduce unscheduled downtime and thereby reduce costs; and (3) pioneering reliability in SiC and GaN.
Kaplar, Robert James; Brock, Reinhard C.; Marinella, Matthew; King, Michael Patrick; Stanley, James K.; Smith, Mark A.; Atcitty, Stanley
Electronics for Satellite Experiments
The tracking detector for the LAT science instrument on the GLAST mission is an example of a large-scale particle detection system built primarily by particle physicists for space flight within the context of a NASA program. The design and fabrication model in most ways reflected practice and experience from particle physics, but the quality assurance aspects were guided by NASA. Similarly, most of the electronics in the LAT as a whole were designed and built by staff at a particle physics lab. This paper reports on many of the challenges and lessons learned in the experience of designing and building the tracking detector and general LAT electronics for use in the NASA GLAST mission.
Johnson, Robert P.; /UC, Santa Cruz
Electronic Compact Fluorescent Lamps
This EPRI Technical Update addresses the fastest growing energy efficient light source the electronic compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). Business and technical market factors (Chapter 2) explain the past and future growth of the CFL market while emphasizing future technical improvements along with discussion of the importance of utility involvement in helping their customers make the switch from incandescent lamps to CFLs. The basic CFL technology is covered in Chapter 3 including test results for selected ...
Relativistic electron beam device
A design is given for an electron beam device for irradiating spherical hydrogen isotope bearing targets. The accelerator, which includes hollow cathodes facing each other, injects an anode plasma between the cathodes and produces an approximately 10 nanosecond, megajoule pulse between the anode plasma and the cathodes. Targets may be repetitively positioned within the plasma between the cathodes, and accelerator diode arrangement permits materials to survive operation in a fusion power source. (auth)
Freeman, J.R.; Poukey, J.W.; Shope, S.L.; Yonas, G.
Xyce parallel electronic simulator.
This document is a reference guide to the Xyce Parallel Electronic Simulator, and is a companion document to the Xyce Users' Guide. The focus of this document is (to the extent possible) exhaustively list device parameters, solver options, parser options, and other usage details of Xyce. This document is not intended to be a tutorial. Users who are new to circuit simulation are better served by the Xyce Users' Guide.
Keiter, Eric Richard; Mei, Ting; Russo, Thomas V.; Rankin, Eric Lamont; Schiek, Richard Louis; Thornquist, Heidi K.; Fixel, Deborah A.; Coffey, Todd Stirling; Pawlowski, Roger Patrick; Santarelli, Keith R.
Training Training EMC Home Overview Personnel Resources Highlights Publications Visit EMC Contact Info Information for Users Becoming a User Submit a Proposal End-of-Proposal Report Acknowledgment User Training User Safety User Status Instrument Access User Committee User Meetings Data Storage Policy Visiting the EMC Instrument Calendars Info for EMC Staff SÅMM Facility TEAM Project Microscopy Links Argonne Facilities DOE/BES Facilities DOE/BES BES Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers User Training Prior Training in Electron Microscopy: People who wish to operate TEMs must have at least one college-level course in TEM with a lab component or previous TEM experience. The college course can't be one in which TEM was just one of many topics. For researchers who lack academic training and/or practical experience in electron microscopy, we suggest the short courses in TEM at the Hooke College of Applied Sciences, and the hands-on TEM courses at Northwestern University or the University of Chicago or Northern Illinois University.
Overview Overview The mission of the Electron Microscopy Center (EMC) is to: Conduct materials research using advanced microstructural characterization methods; Maintain unique resources and facilities for scientific research for the both the Argonne National Laboratory and national scientific community. Develop and expand the frontiers of microanalysis by fostering the evolution of synergistic state-of-the-art resources in instrumentation, techniques and scientific expertise; The staff members of the EMC carry out their own research as well as participate in collaborative programs with other scientists at Argonne National Laboratory as well as researchers, educators and students worldwide. The Electron Microscopy Center (EMC) at Argonne National Laboratory develops and maintains unique capabilities for electron beam characterization and applies those capabilities to solve materials problems. The EMC staff perform collaborative research with members of other Divisions at Argonne National Laboratory and with collaborators from universities and other laboratories. The expertise and facilities of the EMC additionally serve a group of national and international researchers. The EMC emphasizes three major areas: materials research, technique and instrumentation development, and operation as a national research facility. Research by EMC personnel includes microscopy based studies in high Tc superconducting materials, irradiation effects in metals and semiconductors, phase transformations, and processing related structure and chemistry of interfaces in thin films.
Organizational Assimilation of Electronic Procurement Innovations
We investigate the assimilation of electronic procurement innovations (EPIs) and its impact on procurement productivity in buyer organizations. We identify online reverse auctions, electronic catalog management, electronic order fulfillment, and electronic ... Keywords: Electronic Procurement Innovations, It Assimilation, Productivity, Structuration Theory
Arun Rai; Paul Brown; Xinlin Tang
Single electron beam rf feedback free electron laser
A free electron laser system and electron beam system for a free electron laser which uses rf feedback to enhance efficiency are described. Rf energy is extracted from a single electron beam by decelerating cavities and energy is returned to accelerating cavities using rf returns, such as rf waveguides, rf feedthroughs, resonant feedthroughs, etc. This rf energy is added to rf klystron energy to reduce the required input energy and thereby enhance energy efficiency of the system.
Brau, C.A.; Stein, W.E.; Rockwood, S.D.
Simulation study of electron response amplification in coherent electron cooling
In Coherent Electron Cooling (CEC), it is essential to study the amplification of electron response to a single ion in the FEL process, in order to proper align the electron beam and the ion beam in the kicker to maximize the cooling effect. In this paper, we use Genesis to simulate the amplified electron beam response of single ion in FEL amplification process, which acts as Green's function of the FEL amplifier.
Hao Y.; Litvinenko, V.N.
RHIC | Electron-Ion Collider
Electron-Ion Collider A breakthrough particle accelerator could collide electrons with heavy ions or protons at nearly the speed of light to create rapid-fire, high-resolution...
Security Aspects of Electronic Voting
Security Aspects of Electronic Voting. Summary: The Help America Vote Act (HAVA) of 2002 was passed by Congress to ...
Scanning Confocal Electron Microscope (SCEM)
Transmission/Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. The SCEM enables imaging of sub-surface structures of thick, optically opaque materials, ...
Rf Feedback free electron laser
A free electron laser system and electron beam system for a free electron laser which use rf feedback to enhance efficiency. Rf energy is extracted from an electron beam by decelerating cavities and returned to accelerating cavities using rf returns such as rf waveguides, rf feedthroughs, etc. This rf energy is added to rf klystron energy to lower the required input energy and thereby enhance energy efficiency of the system.
Advanced Developments in Electron Microscopy
About this Symposium. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2011. Symposium, Advanced Developments in Electron Microscopy. Sponsorship, MS&T�...
Rf feedback free electron laser
A free electron laser system and electron beam system for a free electron laser are provided which use rf feedback to enhance efficiency. Rf energy is extracted from an electron beam by decelerating cavities and returned to accelerating cavities using rf returns such as rf waveguides, rf feedthroughs, etc. This rf energy is added to rf klystron energy to lower the required input energy and thereby enhance energy efficiency of the system.
Electronics & Telecommunications Programs and Projects
... nanostructured materials. In the phenomenon � more. Electronic Kilogram Last Updated Date: 06/25/2013 This project ...
Opening Remarks: Electronic Book Conference
... no consensus standards for electronic publishing formats, security, and retrieval. ... The Information Technology Laboratory is willing to work with the ...
Infrastructure for Integrated Electronics Design & ...
Infrastructure for Integrated Electronics Design & Manufacturing (IIEDM) Project. ... designed to support distributed supply chain integration and e ...
Transmission electron microscope CCD camera
In order to improve the performance of a CCD camera on a high voltage electron microscope, an electron decelerator is inserted between the microscope column and the CCD. This arrangement optimizes the interaction of the electron beam with the scintillator of the CCD camera while retaining optimization of the microscope optics and of the interaction of the beam with the specimen. Changing the electron beam energy between the specimen and camera allows both to be optimized.
Downing, Kenneth H. (Lafayette, CA)
Automated Electron Microscopy Film Scanner
Renewable Energy; Environmental Technologies. ... film meets high performance specifications at higher electron energies while digital cameras do not; ...
Electronic Materials: Books/Articles
FORUMS > ELECTRONIC MATERIALS: BOOKS/ARTICLES, Replies, Views, Originator, Last Post. Search Category: [ advanced search ]. rss feed. Spacer
Computing and Electronics Computer Technology
Computing and Electronics Technology Computer Technology NetworkManagementoption InformationSystemsManagementoption Computer System Technician Electronics Technology Energy Technology ace.cte.umt.edu www.cte.umt.edu Department of Applied Computing and Electronics Chair: Tom Gallagher Phone: 406.243.7814 Email: Thomas
Crone, Elizabeth
High Availability Electronics Standards
Availability modeling of the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) predicts unacceptably low uptime with current electronics systems designs. High Availability (HA) analysis is being used as a guideline for all major machine systems including sources, utilities, cryogenics, magnets, power supplies, instrumentation and controls. R&D teams are seeking to achieve total machine high availability with nominal impact on system cost. The focus of this paper is the investigation of commercial standard HA architectures and packaging for Accelerator Controls and Instrumentation. Application of HA design principles to power systems and detector instrumentation are also discussed.
Larsen, R.S.; /SLAC
Power Electronics Power Electronics The power electronics activity focuses on research and development (R&D) for flexible, integrated, modular power electronics for power conditioning and control, including a power switch stage capable of running a variety of motors and loads. Efforts are underway to reduce overall system costs for these vehicles through the elimination of additional cooling loops to keep the power electronics within their safe operation ranges. These challenges are being met within the program through research in: Silicon carbide and Gallium Nitride semiconductors, which can be operated at much higher temperatures than current silicon semiconductors; Packaging innovations for higher temperature operation; Improved thermal control technologies; and
Split-illumination electron holography
We developed a split-illumination electron holography that uses an electron biprism in the illuminating system and two biprisms (applicable to one biprism) in the imaging system, enabling holographic interference micrographs of regions far from the sample edge to be obtained. Using a condenser biprism, we split an electron wave into two coherent electron waves: one wave is to illuminate an observation area far from the sample edge in the sample plane and the other wave to pass through a vacuum space outside the sample. The split-illumination holography has the potential to greatly expand the breadth of applications of electron holography.
Tanigaki, Toshiaki; Aizawa, Shinji; Suzuki, Takahiro; Park, Hyun Soon [Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Inada, Yoshikatsu [Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Matsuda, Tsuyoshi [Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Taniyama, Akira [Corporate Research and Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0891 (Japan); Shindo, Daisuke [Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Tonomura, Akira [Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 (Japan); Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395 (Japan)
General Information for EMC Users General Information for EMC Users The Electron Microscopy Center (EMC) is an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory. It is one of three scientific user facilities for electron beam microcharacterization and one of several National User Facilities located at Argonne National Laboratory. As a scientific user facility, the EMC supports user-accessible instruments (Resources) for high spatial resolution microanalysis, field imaging, nanoscale structural characterization, nanoscale fabrication and manipulation, and unique in situ studies of materials under the influence of ion-beam irradiation. These capabilities are used in a diverse variety of research areas to address grand challenge scientific questions encompassing, for example, energy-related studies, biology, astrophysics, archaeology, superconductivity, nanotechnology, environmental engineering, tribology, and ferroelectricity. The research is performed both by users and by EMC staff. While many users work independently, the most challenging research activities require extensive contributions from EMC staff.
Electronic security device
The present invention relates to a security device having a control box (12) containing an electronic system (50) and a communications loop (14) over which the system transmits a signal. The device is constructed so that the communications loop can extend from the control box across the boundary of a portal such as a door into a sealed enclosure into which access is restricted whereby the loop must be damaged or moved in order for an entry to be made into the enclosure. The device is adapted for detecting unauthorized entries into such enclosures such as rooms or containers and for recording the time at which such entries occur for later reference. Additionally, the device detects attempts to tamper or interfere with the operation of the device itself and records the time at which such events take place. In the preferred embodiment, the security device includes a microprocessor-based electronic system (50) and a detection module (72) capable of registering changes in the voltage and phase of the signal transmitted over the loop.
Eschbach, Eugene A. (Richland, WA); LeBlanc, Edward J. (Kennewick, WA); Griffin, Jeffrey W. (Kennewick, WA)
The present invention relates to a security device having a control box containing an electronic system and a communications loop over which the system transmits a signal. The device is constructed so that the communications loop can extend from the control box across the boundary of a portal such as a door into a sealed enclosure into which access is restricted whereby the loop must be damaged or moved in order for an entry to be made into the enclosure. The device is adapted for detecting unauthorized entries into such enclosures such as rooms or containers and for recording the time at which such entries occur for later reference. Additionally, the device detects attempts to tamper or interfere with the operation of the device itself and records the time at which such events take place. In the preferred embodiment, the security device includes a microprocessor-based electronic system and a detection module capable of registering changes in the voltage and phase of the signal transmitted over the loop. 11 figs.
Eschbach, E.A.; LeBlanc, E.J.; Griffin, J.W.
NIST Electron and Optical Physics Division - 2000
... Electron Standing Waves: The electron standing waves produced by scattering of the surface state electrons from step edges and defects on Cu ...
Kk electronic A S | Open Energy Information
Kk electronic A S Jump to: navigation, search Name kk-electronic AS Place Herning, Denmark Zip DK-7400 Sector Wind energy Product Provides electronic wind turbine controllers....
We can now produce intense, coherent light at wavelengths where no conventional lasers exist. The recent successes of devices known as free-electron lasers mark a striking confluence of two conceptual developments that themselves are only a few decades old. The first of these, the laser, is a product of the fifties and sixties whose essential characteristics have made it a staple resource in almost every field of science and technology. In a practical sense, what defines a laser is its emission of monochromatic, coherent light (that is, light of a single wavelength, with its waves locked in step) at a wavelength in the infrared, visible, or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. A second kind of light, called synchrotron radiation, is a by-product of the age of particle accelerators and was first observed in the laboratory in 1947. As the energies of accelerators grew in the 1960s and 70s, intense, incoherent beams of ultraviolet radiation and x--rays became available at machines built for high-energy physics research. Today, several facilities operate solely as sources of synchrotron light. Unlike the well-collimated monochromatic light emitted by lasers, however, this incoherent radiation is like a sweeping searchlight--more accurately, like the headlight of a train on a circular track--whose wavelengths encompass a wide spectral band. Now, in several laboratories around the world, researchers have exploited the physics of these two light sources and have combined the virtues of both in a single contrivance, the free-electron laser, or FEL (1). The emitted light is laserlike in its narrow, sharply peaked spectral distribution and in its phase coherence, yet it can be of a wavelength unavailable with ordinary lasers. Furthermore, like synchrotron radiation, but unlike the output of most conventional lasers, the radiation emitted by free-electron lasers can be tuned, that is, its wavelength can be easily varied across a wide range. The promise of this new technology extends from the fields of solid-state physics, gas- and liquid-phase photochemistry, and surface catalysis to futuristic schemes for ultrahigh-energy linear accelerators.
Sessler, A.M.; Vaughan, D.
Submit an EMC Proposal Submit an EMC Proposal EMC Home Overview Personnel Resources Highlights Publications Visit EMC Contact Info Information for Users Becoming a User Submit a Proposal End-of-Proposal Report Acknowledgment User Training User Safety User Status Instrument Access User Committee User Meetings Data Storage Policy Visiting the EMC Instrument Calendars Info for EMC Staff SÅMM Facility TEAM Project Microscopy Links Argonne Facilities DOE/BES Facilities DOE/BES BES Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers Submit an EMC Proposal EMC Proposal Submission Deadline Dates for FY2014: November 1, 2013 March 7, 2014 July 11, 2014 Is your proposal a multi-facility proposal? In other words, do you intend to submit proposals to EMC and APS or CNM for your research project? If your answer is "yes," go now to the Proposal Gateway.
EMC Users Committee EMC Users Committee EMC Home Overview Personnel Resources Highlights Publications Visit EMC Contact Info Information for Users Becoming a User Submit a Proposal End-of-Proposal Report Acknowledgment User Training User Safety User Status Instrument Access User Committee User Meetings Data Storage Policy Visiting the EMC Instrument Calendars Info for EMC Staff SÅMM Facility TEAM Project Microscopy Links Argonne Facilities DOE/BES Facilities DOE/BES BES Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers EMC Users Committee An EMC Users Committee has been organized to enhance communication between the user community and the EMC. While the EMC relies on and encourages strong interaction among its users and between its staff and users, the Users Committee provides an additional formal mechanism for user input into EMC planning and operations to ensure that users' needs and concerns are addressed.
39 MacDougal Street, Third Floor * New York, New York 10012 * (212) 992-8932 * www.policyintegrity.org 39 MacDougal Street, Third Floor * New York, New York 10012 * (212) 992-8932 * www.policyintegrity.org March 21, 2011 VIA ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION Office of the General Counsel US Department of Energy Washington, DC Attention: Regulatory Burden RFI - Docket No. DOE-HQ-2011-0014-0001 Subject: Response to Request for Information on "Reducing Regulatory Burden," 76 Fed. Reg. 6123 (Feb. 3, 2011) The Institute for Policy Integrity at New York University School of Law submits the following comments to the Department of Energy ("DOE") in response to its request for comments on the formulation of a preliminary plan for retrospective analysis as required by Executive Order 13,563.
End-of-Proposal Report End-of-Proposal Report EMC Home Overview Personnel Resources Highlights Publications Visit EMC Contact Info Information for Users Becoming a User Submit a Proposal End-of-Proposal Report Acknowledgment User Training User Safety User Status Instrument Access User Committee User Meetings Data Storage Policy Visiting the EMC Instrument Calendars Info for EMC Staff SÅMM Facility TEAM Project Microscopy Links Argonne Facilities DOE/BES Facilities DOE/BES BES Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers End-of-Proposal Report In accordance with the User Agreement, please provide the EMC with the following information when your proposal expires (one year after its acceptance date or when the experiments end, whichever is sooner). A research summary/progress report using these two templates:
CM30T TEM CM30T TEM Instrument capabilities: Instrument specifications: Accelerating voltages: 100-300 kV LaB6 emitter Resolution (at 300 kV): ~ 0.25 nm point; ~ 0.14 nm line Minimum probe size: ~ 9 nm Operating modes: CTEM, CBED, SAED, light element XEDS CCD camera: 1 Mp, 14 bits, AVI capture possible at 15 fps Specimen holders: Double Tilt (+/- 60 degrees alpha, +/- 30 degrees beta): with Be cup for XEDS liquid nitrogen cooled (96 K) with Be cup heating (1270 K) Tilt/rotate (+/- 60 degrees alpha, rotation 360 degrees) Single Tilt (+/- 60 degrees alpha) Typical experiments (examples): Quantitative XEDS Morphological and diffraction contrast studies of defects In situ heating & cooling studies Electron crystallography Weak beam studies of defects This page can be downloaded here as an Adobe PDF file.
Becoming a User Becoming a User EMC Home Overview Personnel Resources Highlights Publications Visit EMC Contact Info Information for Users Becoming a User Submit a Proposal End-of-Proposal Report Acknowledgment User Training User Safety User Status Instrument Access User Committee User Meetings Data Storage Policy Visiting the EMC Instrument Calendars Info for EMC Staff SÅMM Facility TEAM Project Microscopy Links Argonne Facilities DOE/BES Facilities DOE/BES BES Electron Beam Microcharacterization Centers Procedure to Become a User at the EMC 1. Summary All users have to fulfill certain requirements before access to the EMC can be granted. The following list provides short descriptions of the requirements. Details can be found on this page and via the relevant links at the left. Register for access to Argonne's scientific user facilities (or update your user registration information).
FEI Tecnai F20ST TEM/STEM FEI Tecnai F20ST TEM/STEM Instrument capabilities: Instrument specifications: Accelerating voltages: 80-200 kV Schottky FEG emitter Resolution (at 200 kV): ~0.24 nm point; ~0.1 nm line; probe size ~0.2-1 nm Operating modes: CTEM, STEM (BF/ADF, HAADF), CBED, SAED, light element XEDS, EELS, spectrum imaging, energy-filtered imaging (EFI), Lorentz magnetic imaging (LMI), electron holographic imaging (EHI), other computationally-mediated modes. On-axis CCD camera: 16 Mp, 16 bits, 61x61 mm chip size. EMC-owned specimen holders: Double Tilt (+/- 40 degrees alpha, +/- 30 degrees beta): with Be cup for XEDS liquid nitrogen cooled (96 K) with Be cup heating (1270 K) In-plane magnetic field (tilt +/- 40 degrees alpha) Liquid He cooled (tilt +/- 40 degrees alpha, rotate 360 degrees)
An electronic integrating circuit using a transistor with a capacitor connected between the emitter and collector through which the capacitor discharges at a rate proportional to the input current at the base is described. Means are provided for biasing the base with an operating bias and for applying a voltage pulse to the capacitor for charging to an initial voltage. A current dividing diode is connected between the base and emitter of the transistor, and signal input terminal means are coupled to the juncture of the capacitor and emitter and to the base of the transistor. At the end of the integration period, the residual voltage on said capacitor is less by an amount proportional to the integral of the input signal. Either continuous or intermittent periods of integration are provided. (AEC)
Englemann, R.H.
Power electronics reliability analysis.
This report provides the DOE and industry with a general process for analyzing power electronics reliability. The analysis can help with understanding the main causes of failures, downtime, and cost and how to reduce them. One approach is to collect field maintenance data and use it directly to calculate reliability metrics related to each cause. Another approach is to model the functional structure of the equipment using a fault tree to derive system reliability from component reliability. Analysis of a fictitious device demonstrates the latter process. Optimization can use the resulting baseline model to decide how to improve reliability and/or lower costs. It is recommended that both electric utilities and equipment manufacturers make provisions to collect and share data in order to lay the groundwork for improving reliability into the future. Reliability analysis helps guide reliability improvements in hardware and software technology including condition monitoring and prognostics and health management.
Smith, Mark A.; Atcitty, Stanley
Protocols for electron dosimetry
Brief comments are made on the standardezation of electron dose calibration procedures in relation to the recommeudations made by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine 1966, The Mordic Association of Clinical Physics 1971, The Hospital Physicists Association 1971, and the ICRU 1972. Errors arising from depth-dose curves are discussed, together with those arising from the specification of beam energy using the half-value depth in water. It is recommended that the depth-dose curves (especially in the region of dose maximum) be measured for each machine, the depth of calibration be chosen as close to the maximum as possible, and the energy be determined from the established rangeenergy relationships. (UK)
De Almeida, C.E.; Almond, P.R.
Electronic distribution backup apparatus
An electric distribution backup apparatus is described comprising an electronic distributor for sequentially distributing an ignition signal to each of igniter disposed so as to correspond to respective cylinders of an engine on the basis of a reference position signal for each of the cylinders generated by a revolution sensor in accordance with the revolution of the engine and on the basis of a rotating angle signal generated by the revolution sensor. The improvement comprising: an auxiliary revolution sensor for detecting another reference position signal of each of the cylinders when the revolution sensor for generating the two signals is out of order; control means for outputting a failure judging signal in response to detection of the failure of the revolution sensor on the basis of the two signals from revolution sensor; and a pseudo reference position signal generator for generating a pseudo reference position signal in place of the reference position signal on the basis of the auxiliary reference cylinder signal.
Sasaki, S.
Pulsed electron beam precharger
Florida State University is investigating the concept of pulsed electron beams for fly ash precipitation. This report describes the results and data on three of the subtasks of this project and preliminary work only on the remaining five subtasks. Described are the modification of precharger for pulsed and DC energization of anode; installation of the Q/A measurement system; and modification and installation of pulsed power supply to provide both pulsed and DC energization of the anode. The other tasks include: measurement of the removal efficiency for monodisperse simulated fly ash particles; measurement of particle charge; optimization of pulse energization schedule for maximum removal efficiency; practical assessment of results; and measurement of the removal efficiency for polydisperse test particles. 15 figs., 1 tab. (CK)
Finney, W.C. (ed.); Shelton, W.N.
An electronic multiplier circuit is described in which an output voltage having an amplitude proportional to the product or quotient of the input signals is accomplished in a novel manner which facilitates simplicity of circuit construction and a high degree of accuracy in accomplishing the multiplying and dividing function. The circuit broadly comprises a multiplier tube in which the plate current is proportional to the voltage applied to a first control grid multiplied by the difference between voltage applied to a second control grid and the voltage applied to the first control grid. Means are provided to apply a first signal to be multiplied to the first control grid together with means for applying the sum of the first signal to be multiplied and a second signal to be multiplied to the second control grid whereby the plate current of the multiplier tube is proportional to the product of the first and second signals to be multiplied.
Thomas, R.E.
An electronic trigger circuit is described of the type where an output pulse is obtained only after an input voltage has cqualed or exceeded a selected reference voltage. In general, the invention comprises a source of direct current reference voltage in series with an impedance and a diode rectifying element. An input pulse of preselected amplitude causes the diode to conduct and develop a signal across the impedance. The signal is delivered to an amplifier where an output pulse is produced and part of the output is fed back in a positive manner to the diode so that the amplifier produces a steep wave front trigger pulsc at the output. The trigger point of the described circuit is not subject to variation due to the aging, etc., of multi-electrode tabes, since the diode circuit essentially determines the trigger point.
Russell, J.A.G.
Personnel electronic neutron dosimeter
A personnel electronic dosimeter includes a neutron-proton and neutron-alpha converter for providing an electrical signal having a magnitude proportional to the energy of a detected proton or alpha particle produced from the converter, a pulse generator circuit for generating a pulse having a duration controlled by the weighed effect of the amplitude of the electrical signal, an oscillator enabled by the pulse for generating a train of clock pulses for a time dependent upon the pulse length, a counter for counting the clock pulses, and an indicator for providing a direct reading and aural alarm when the count indicates that the wearer has been exposed to a selected level of neutron dose equivalent.
Falk, R.B.; Tyree, W.H.
Generation of attosecond electron bunches
Ultra-fast science is an important new research frontier that is driving the development of novel sources for generation of extremely short x-ray and electron pulses. Recent advances in femtosecond lasers have stimulated development of femtosecond x-ray sources that allow the study of matter at the time scale shorter than period of oscillations of atoms in molecules, {approx} 100 fs. The next breakthrough would be a source of electron pulses comparable with atomic periods {omega}{sup -1} {approx} 100 attosecond (10{sup -16} s), where {omega} is a transition frequency between atomic levels. This will open qualitatively new class of phenomena based on the interaction of atomic electrons in the medium with a collective electric field of electron pulses and not with their individual electrons. For example, one can expect coherent ionization losses that are proportional to a square number of electrons in the microbunch, phase synchronized excitation of medium followed by its relaxation with a radiation of a single-cycled optical pulse, excitation of entanglement states in the medium of atoms with few valence electrons, and possibly other new phenomena, yet to be identified. Simple estimation of coherent ionization losses shows that a 100 MeV, 100 attosecond electron pulse containing 10{sup 5} electrons will lose its total energy after propagating only {approx} 200{micro}m through liquid hydrogen. This is approximately 104 times shorter stopping range than it is for a long (on atomic scale) electron bunch.
Zholents, Alexander A.; Zolotorev, Max S.; Wan, Weishi
Cooling an electron gas using quantum dot based electronic refrigeration
of the QDR experiment have been published in: � J. R. Prance, C. G. Smith, J. P. Griffiths, S. J. Chorley, D. Anderson, G. A. C. Jones, I. Farrer, and D. A. Ritchie, Electronic refrigeration of a two- dimensional electron gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(14), 146602... for the electrochemical potential of the dot: we define �N :i,j = Ui(N)?Uj(N ? 1), where Ui(N) is the energy of the dot holding N electrons with the last electron in the ith excited state. For example, the previous definition of �N is equivalent to �N :0,0. (The...
Prance, Jonathan Robert
Interplay between electronic structure and catalytic activity in transition metal oxide model system
The efficiency of many energy storage and conversion technologies, such as hydrogen fuel cells, rechargeable metal-air batteries, and hydrogen production from water splitting, is limited by the slow kinetics of the oxygen ...
Suntivich, Jin
Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs | Department of Energy
Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs < Back Eligibility Residential Savings Category Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Program Info Funding Source Efficiency Vermont Public Benefit Fund Expiration Date 06/30/2013 State Vermont Program Type State Rebate Program Rebate Amount Clothes Washers: $40-$75 Dehumidifiers: $25 Refrigerators: $50 Pool pumps: $200 Provider Efficiency Vermont Efficiency Vermont provides financial incentives for its residential customers to install energy efficient equipment in their homes. Eligible Energy Star equipment includes dehumidifiers (seasonal rebates), refrigerators, clothes washers, and swimming pool pumps. The website provides details on eligible makes and models as well as rebate application
Electron Microscopy (EM, TEM, SEM, STEM) Information at ...
... Electron holography. Electron Microscopy of Carbon Nanotube Composites. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope. ...
Wisconsin SRF Electron Gun Commissioning
The University of Wisconsin has completed fabrication and commissioning of a low frequency (199.6 MHz) superconducting electron gun based on a quarter wave resonator (QWR) cavity. Its concept was optimized to be the source for a CW free electron laser facility. The gun design includes active tuning and a high temperature superconducting solenoid. We will report on the status of the Wisconsin SRF electron gun program, including commissioning experience and first beam measurements.
Bisognano, Joseph J. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Bissen, M. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Bosch, R. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Efremov, M. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Eisert, D. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Fisher, M. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Green, M. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Jacobs, K. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Keil, R. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Kleman, K. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Rogers, G. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Severson, M. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Yavuz, D. D. [University of Wisconsin-Madison; Legg, Robert A. [JLAB; Bachimanchi, Ramakrishna [JLAB; Hovater, J. Curtis [JLAB; Plawski, Tomasz [JLAB; Powers, Thomas J. [JLAB
Overview of Electron Microscope Interference
Power frequency magnetic fields can interfere with proper operation of electronic imaging systems. Electron microscopes are susceptible to deflection of their electron beam by an external magnetic field. This unwanted deflection can cause blurring of the image. MRI equipment is susceptible to induced voltage in the sensing coil caused by changing magnetic fields. In either case the result is degradation of the image. Magnetic field strengths that impact the images are on the same order of magnitude as th...
Ion plated electronic tube device
An electronic tube and associated circuitry which is produced by ion plating techniques. The process is carried out in an automated process whereby both active and passive devices are produced at very low cost. The circuitry is extremely reliable and is capable of functioning in both high radiation and high temperature environments. The size of the electronic tubes produced are more than an order of magnitude smaller than conventional electronic tubes.
Meek, T.T.
Vibrational and Electronic Energy Level Searches
... options based on vibrational and electronic energies are available: ... the tabulated vibrational and electronic energy level data ... All rights reserved. ...
Advances in Dielectric Materials and Electronic Devices
... Design, simulation and fabrication of electronic circuits* Emerging Electronic ... Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Thermochemical Studies of Some Novel�...
Frontiers of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
... Direct detection cameras form electron images by directly detecting high energy electrons incident on an active pixel CMOS (complementary metal ...
Diamondoid monolayers as electron emitters - Energy Innovation ...
Provided are electron emitters based upon diamondoid monolayers, preferably self-assembled higher diamondoid monolayers. High intensity electron ...
Electron-Beam Irradiation of Solar Cells
Electron-Beam Irradiation of Solar Cells. Summary: The Dosimetry Group operates a system capable of performing electron ...
Epitaxial Graphene: Designing a New Electronic Material
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2010 Electronic Materials Conference. Symposium, TMS 2010 Electronic Materials Conference. Presentation Title, Epitaxial�...
Cookson Electronics | Open Energy Information
Place Providence, Rhode Island Zip 2903 Product Rhode Island-based materials science company. The division produces PV junction boxes. References Cookson Electronics1...
NREL: Advanced Power Electronics - Webmaster
Your name: Your email address: Your message: Send Message Printable Version Advanced Power Electronics Home About the Project Technology Basics Research & Development...
Green IT 2012: Sustainable Electronics
1 DOE Sustainability Assistance Network July 19, 2012 Cate Berard Federal Electronics Challenge and EPA Jeff Eagan Office of Sustainability Support (HS-21) Green IT 2012:...
Electron Metallography of Alloy 718
Electron Metallography of Alloy 718. John F. Radavich. Emeritus Professor. Purdue University. West Lafayette, IN 47907. Abstract. Alloy 718 is unique in that it�...
A Networked Scanning Electron Microscope
Featured Overview. A New Paradigm�Multi-User Scanning Electron Microscopy. L.S. Chumbley, M. Meyer, K. Fredrickson, and F.C. Laabs. Introduction; System�...
Electron Beam Melting (EBM) II
Oct 19, 2011 ... Additive Manufacturing of Metals: Electron Beam Melting (EBM) II Sponsored by: MS&T Organization Program Organizers: Ian D. Harris, EWI;�...
Electronics, Lighting and Networks Group
Electronics, Lighting and Networks Group NOTICE Due to the current lapse of federal funding, Berkeley Lab websites are accessible, but may not be updated until Congress approves...
The ALS Gun Electronics system
The ALS Gun Electronics system has been designed to accommodate gun with a custom made socket and high speed electronics circuit which is capable of producing single and multiple electron bunches with time jitters measured at better than 50 PS. The system generates the gated RF signal at ground level before sending it up to the 120 KV-biased gun deck via a fiber optic cable. The current pulse width as a function of grid bias, using an Eimac 8847A planar triode simulating an electron gun, was measured to show the relationship between the two parameters.
Lo, C.C.
Power Electronics and Electric Machines
PEEM Activities Application Power Electronics Electric Machines Traction Drive System Inverter & Boost Converter (if needed) MotorGenerator Vehicle Power Management Bi-directional...
Genesis Electronics | Open Energy Information
Solar Product Technology company, focusing on consumer applications for solar energy and alternative energy sources. References Genesis Electronics1 LinkedIn Connections...
Ubiquitous Electronic Tagging
The automatic identification industry is growing rapidly. Tags occur in many forms and appear on everything from luggage at the airport, to dogs, trains and fresh fruit. As with many advancing technologies, there are a variety of standards that do not inter-operate and thus hinder widespread deployment. But the trend for the growth of this technology is inescapable: electronic machine-readable tags (e-tags) are becoming tiny, cheap and easy to deploy. An e-tag can now also serve as a data repository for the object that it is attached to. Imagine if every object ever processed had one or more machine-readable tags embedded into it. What applications would that enable? These tags would uniquely identify the object and be readable from a distance, not even requiring a battery. In addition to identification information, e-tags can record their history, or offer dynamic data from an embedded sensor indicating, for example, the tag's temperature. This paper examines the applications and co...
Roy Want; Daniel M. Russell
Polyplanar optical display electronics
The Polyplanar Optical Display (POD) is a unique display screen which can be used with any projection source. The prototype ten inch display is two inches thick and has a matte black face which allows for high contrast images. The prototype being developed is a form, fit and functional replacement display for the B-52 aircraft which uses a monochrome ten-inch display. In order to achieve a long lifetime, the new display uses a 100 milliwatt green solid-state laser (10,000 hr. life) at 532 nm as its light source. To produce real-time video, the laser light is being modulated by a Digital Light Processing (DLP{trademark}) chip manufactured by Texas Instruments. In order to use the solid-state laser as the light source and also fit within the constraints of the B-52 display, the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD{trademark}) circuit board is removed from the Texas Instruments DLP light engine assembly. Due to the compact architecture of the projection system within the display chassis, the DMD{trademark} chip is operated remotely from the Texas Instruments circuit board. The authors discuss the operation of the DMD{trademark} divorced from the light engine and the interfacing of the DMD{trademark} board with various video formats (CVBS, Y/C or S-video and RGB) including the format specific to the B-52 aircraft. A brief discussion of the electronics required to drive the laser is also presented.
DeSanto, L.; Biscardi, C. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States). Dept. of Advanced Technology
Electronic field permeameter
For making rapid, non-destructive permeability measurements in the field, a portable minipermeameter of the kind having a manually-operated gas injection tip is provided with a microcomputer system which operates a flow controller to precisely regulate gas flow rate to a test sample, and reads a pressure sensor which senses the pressure across the test sample. The microcomputer system automatically turns on the gas supply at the start of each measurement, senses when a steady-state is reached, collects and records pressure and flow rate data, and shuts off the gas supply immediately after the measurement is completed. Preferably temperature is also sensed to correct for changes in gas viscosity. The microcomputer system may also provide automatic zero-point adjustment, sensor calibration, over-range sensing, and may select controllers, sensors, and set-points for obtaining the most precise measurements. Electronic sensors may provide increased accuracy and precision. Preferably one microcomputer is used for sensing instrument control and data collection, and a second microcomputer is used which is dedicated to recording and processing the data, selecting the sensors and set-points for obtaining the most precise measurements, and instructing the user how to set-up and operate the minipermeameter. To provide mass data collection and user-friendly operation, the second microcomputer is preferably a lap-type portable microcomputer having a non-volatile or battery-backed CMOS memory.
Chandler, Mark A. (Madison, WI); Goggin, David J. (Austin, TX); Horne, Patrick J. (Austin, TX); Kocurek, Gary G. (Roundrock, TX); Lake, Larry W. (Austin, TX)
Influence of electron beam parameters on coherent electron cooling
Coherent electron cooling (CeC) promises to revolutionize the cooling of high energy hadron beams. The intricate dynamics of the CeC depends both on the local density and energy distribution of the beam. The variations of the local density (beam current) are inevitable in any realistic beam. Hence, in this paper we propose a novel method of beam conditioning. The conditioning provides compensation of effect from such variation by a correlated energy modulation. We use our analytical FEL model for an electron bunch with Gaussian line charge density and cosine-type energy variation along bunch. We analyze the phase variation between the electron density modulation at the exit of the FEL-amplifier and the ions inducing it in the modulator as a function of the peak current and the electron beam energy. Based on this analysis, electron bunch parameters for optimal CeC cooling are found numerically.
Wang G.; Hao, Y.; Litvinenko, V.N.; Webb, S.
ILC Electron Source Injector Simuations
As part of the global project aimed at proposing an efficient design for the ILC (International Linear Collider), we simulated possible setups for the electron source injector, which will provide insight into how the electron injector for the ILC should be designed in order to efficiently accelerate the electron beams through the bunching system. This study uses three types of software: E-Gun to simulate electron beam emission, Superfish to calculate solenoidal magnetic fields, and GPT (General Particle Tracer) to trace charged particles after emission through magnetic fields and subharmonic bunchers. We performed simulations of the electron source injector using various electron gun bias voltages (140kV - 200kV), emitted beam lengths (500ps - 1ns) and radii (7mm - 10mm), and electromagnetic field strengths of the first subharmonic buncher (5 - 20 MV/m). The results of the simulations show that for the current setup of the ILC, a modest electron gun bias voltage ({approx}140kV) is sufficient to achieve the required bunching of the beam in the injector. Extensive simulations of parameters also involving the second subharmonic buncher should be performed in order to gain more insight into possible efficient designs for the ILC electron source injector.
Lakshmanan, Manu; /Cornell U., LNS /SLAC
The electron geodesic acoustic mode
In this report, a novel new mode, named the electron geodesic acoustic mode, is presented. This mode can occur in toroidal plasmas like the conventional geodesic acoustic mode (GAM). The frequency of this new mode is much larger than that of the conventional GAM by a factor equal to the square root of the ion to electron mass ratio.
Chakrabarti, N. [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Calcutta 700 064 (India); Guzdar, P. N. [Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States); Kaw, P. K. [Institute for Plasma Research Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428 (India)
Nonlocal collisionless and collisional electron
Electron energy relaxation length is large; this allows remote plasma handling via nonlocal electron energy T T m = #12;8 Particle-in-cell simulations of Hall thruster plasma => Completely different discharge with hot cathode and plasma glow, He 1 Torr. Right: Axial profiles of the plasma potential
Kaganovich, Igor
Feasibility study for mega-electron-volt electron beam tomography
Electron beam tomography is a promising imaging modality for the study of fast technical processes. But for many technical objects of interest x rays of several hundreds of keV energy are required to achieve sufficient material penetration. In this article we report on a feasibility study for fast electron beam computed tomography with a 1 MeV electron beam. The experimental setup comprises an electrostatic accelerator with beam optics, transmission target, and a single x-ray detector. We employed an inverse fan-beam tomography approach with radiographic projections being generated from the linearly moving x-ray source. Angular projections were obtained by rotating the object.
Hampel, U. [Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden (Germany); AREVA Endowed Chair of Imaging Techniques in Energy and Process Engineering, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01062 Dresden (Germany); Baertling, Y.; Hoppe, D. [Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden (Germany); Kuksanov, N.; Fadeev, S.; Salimov, R. [Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev av. 11, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russian Federation)
Spectroscopic imaging in electron microscopy
In the scanning transmission electron microscope, multiple signals can be simultaneously collected, including the transmitted and scattered electron signals (bright field and annular dark field or Z-contrast images), along with spectroscopic signals such as inelastically scattered electrons and emitted photons. In the last few years, the successful development of aberration correctors for the electron microscope has transformed the field of electron microscopy, opening up new possibilities for correlating structure to functionality. Aberration correction not only allows for enhanced structural resolution with incident probes into the sub-angstrom range, but can also provide greater probe currents to facilitate mapping of intrinsically weak spectroscopic signals at the nanoscale or even the atomic level. In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we illustrate the power of the new generation of electron microscopes with a combination of imaging and spectroscopy. We show the mapping of elemental distributions at atomic resolution and also the mapping of electronic and optical properties at unprecedented spatial resolution, with applications ranging from graphene to plasmonic nanostructures, and oxide interfaces to biology.
Pennycook, Stephen J [ORNL; Colliex, C. [Universite Paris Sud, Orsay, France
Electronic structure and quantum conductance of molecular and nano electronics
This thesis is dedicated to the application of a large-scale first-principles approach to study the electronic structure and quantum conductance of realistic nanomaterials. Three systems are studied using Landauer formalism, ...
Li, Elise Yu-Tzu
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Number of Computers Computers Number of Rechargeable Electronic Devices Rechargeable Electronic Devices 1 to 3 4 to 8 9+ 1.50 24.20 37.50 26.60 14.20 ...
The present paper provides a possible explanation for the solar wind electron velocity distribution functions possessing asymmetric energetic tails. By numerically solving the electrostatic weak turbulence equations that involve nonlinear interactions among electrons, Langmuir waves, and ion-sound waves, it is shown that different ratios of ion-to-electron temperatures lead to the generation of varying degrees of asymmetric tails. The present finding may be applicable to observations in the solar wind near 1 AU and in other regions of the heliosphere and interplanetary space.
Yoon, Peter H.; Kim, Sunjung; Lee, Junggi; Lee, Junhyun; Park, Jongsun; Park, Kyungsun; Seough, Jungjoon [School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 446-701 (Korea, Republic of); Hong, Jinhy [Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of)
Free electron laser with masked chicane
A free electron laser (FEL) is provided with an accelerator for outputting electron beam pulses; a buncher for modulating each one of the electron beam pulses to form each pulse into longitudinally dispersed bunches of electrons; and a wiggler for generating coherent light from the longitudinally dispersed bunches of electrons. The electron beam buncher is a chicane having a mask for physically modulating the electron beam pulses to form a series of electron beam bunches for input to the wiggler. In a preferred embodiment, the mask is located in the chicane at a position where each electron beam pulse has a maximum dispersion.
Nguyen, Dinh C. (Los Alamos, NM); Carlsten, Bruce E. (Los Alamos, NM)
Power Electronics in the Healthcare Industry
This report provides utility marketing and account executives and engineering staff with fundamental information about the use of power electronics systems in the healthcare industry. Besides describing the power electronics systems currently used in electronic medical equipment, the report outlines how power electronics may provide medical equipment designers with the power electronics topologies required to design and manufacture future medical equipment.
Electronic structure of superconductivity refined
Electronic structure of superconductivity refined Electronic structure of superconductivity refined Electronic structure of superconductivity refined A team of physicists propose a new model that expands on a little understood aspect of the electronic structure in high-temperature superconductors. July 10, 2008 Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials.
electronics | OpenEI Community
603 603 Varnish cache server Home Groups Community Central Green Button Applications Developer Utility Rate FRED: FRee Energy Database More Public Groups Private Groups Features Groups Blog posts Content Stream Documents Discussions Polls Q & A Events Notices My stuff Energy blogs 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142285603 Varnish cache server electronics Home Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(2002) Super contributor 23 January, 2013 - 13:57 The Consumer Electronics Show round-up CES electronics home automation Las Vegas OpenEI Smart Grid Every January, Las Vegas hosts the Consumer Electronics Show. The CES is the world's largest technology-related trade show. The highlights of this year's show were OLED TVs, ultra-thin laptops,
Electronics Industry: Markets & Issues
Electronics Industry: Markets & Issues Electronics Industry: Markets & Issues Speaker(s): William M. Smith Date: March 17, 1998 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3148 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Richard Sextro Electronics represents a unique opportunity to get in on the beginning of an incredible growth spurt, for an already huge industry; $400 billion/year in the U.S. now, moving up by 10%-20% per year in several sectors. This is quite unlike many other U.S. industrial sectors, which often involve mature businesses requiring assistance to stay afloat. The potential for forming business partnerships with electronics firms to deal with issues in energy efficiency, water availability/quality, air quality, productivity/yield, HVAC, power quality, wastewater, air emissions, etc., is staggering. The industrys oligopic nature provides serious opportunities
Electron Trapping by Molecular Vibration Print Electron Trapping by Molecular Vibration Print In photoelectron spectroscopy experiments performed at the ALS, a group of researchers has found that electronic transitions normally thought to be forbidden can in fact be excited in conjunction with certain types of molecular vibrations. Specifically, they found that when the symmetry of a linear triatomic molecule is broken by asymmetric vibrational modes, photoelectrons can become temporarily trapped by the molecule before ultimately escaping, giving rise to a broad feature in the photoelectron spectrum known as a shape resonance. This process represents a novel type of symmetry-breaking phenomenon that has not been observed previously but appears to be widespread. Such coupling between electronic motion and nuclear motion becomes increasingly important as scientists learn more about the geometry and dynamics of novel chemical structures such as those found in nanodevices and transient chemical species, and the results have implications for studies that use photoelectron spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool.
Soy Protein Products - Electronic Version
Soybeans as Functional Foods and Ingredients is written to serve as a reference for food product developers, food technologists, nutritionists, plant breeders, academic and government professionals... Soy Protein Products - Electronic Version eChapters F
Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscopes
ScanningTransmission Electron Microscopes Nion UltraSTEM 60-100 dedicated aberration-corrected STEM for low- to mid-voltage operation and Enfina EELS Contact: Juan-Carlos Idrobo,...
Electron thermal conduction in LASNEX
This report is a transcription of hand-written notes by DM dated 29 January 1986, transcribed by SW, with some clarifying comments added and details specific to running the LASNEX code deleted. Reference to the esoteric measurement units employed in LASNEX has also been deleted by SW (hopefully, without introducing errors in the numerical constants). The report describes the physics equations only, and only of electron conduction. That is, it does not describe the numerical method, which may be finite difference or finite element treatment in space, and (usually) implicit treatment in time. It does not touch on other electron transport packages which are available, and which include suprathermal electrons, nonlocal conduction, Krook model conduction, and modifications to electron conduction by magnetic fields. Nevertheless, this model is employed for the preponderance of LASNEX simulations.
Munro, D.; Weber, S.
Repetitively pumped electron beam device
Disclosed is an apparatus for producing fast, repetitive pulses of controllable length of an electron beam by phased energy storage in a transmission line of length matched to the number of pulses and specific pulse lengths desired. 12 figs.
Schlitt, L.G.
Earth Day Electronics Recycling Collection
Earth Day Electronics Recycling Collection The U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC in collaboration with UNICOR Federal Prison Industries C E L E B R A T E E A R T H D A Y A...
Apparatus for producing fast, repetitive pulses of controllable length of an electron beam by phased energy storage in a transmission line of length matched to the number of pulses and specific pulse lengths desired.
Schlitt, Leland G. (Livermore, CA)
Controlling the Inner Electron Dance
2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 2000 Subscribe to APS News rss feed Controlling the Inner Electron Dance JANUARY 9, 2012 Bookmark and Share Linda Young Linda Young, Director of the...
Brookhaven's Laser Electron Accelerator Facility
system to study pulse radi- olysis in the country and one of the three fast- est in the world. LEAF is also the first such de- vice based on a new photocathode electron gun that...
Chirping the LCLS Electron Beam
We explore scenarios for generating a linear time-correlated energy spread in the LCLS electron bunch, prior to the undulator, that is needed for optical (x-ray) pulse compression. The correlated energy spread (`chirp') is formed by generating an energy gradient along the length of the electron bunch using RF phasing and/or longitudinal wakefields of the accelerating structures. The sign of the correlation is an important limitation. Excluding a complete re-design of the compression systems, the best possibility is to use `over-compression' to effect the required energy chirp. This is easily done with only a slight strength increase (~10 %) in the chicane bends of the second compressor. In this case, the bend-plane emittance dilution associated with the increased coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the bunch compressor may, however, significantly compromise the electron beam density. The CSR calculations for the momentary extremely short (~1 m) electron bunch during over-compressio...
P. Emma
Valence Technology Inc | Open Energy Information
Vehicles Product Valence develops and commercialises lithium phosphate rechargeable battery technologies for various uses from consumer electronics to hybrid vehicles....
Non-Cross-Linked Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Ion ...
Rechargeable lithium ion batteries for cellular phones, laptop computers and other consumer electronics; Batteries for electrically-powered vehicles;
Electron attachment to chlorofluoromethanes using the electron-swarm method
Electron attachment rate constants, as a function of pressure-reduced electric field, were measured in mixtures with nitrogen for CCl/sub 3/F, CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/, and CClF/sub 3/ using the electron swarm method. From these data total electron attachment cross sections sigma/sub a/(epsilon) as a function of electron energy epsilon were determined for the chlorofluoromethanes using the electron-swarm unfolding technique and a new set of electron energy distribution functions for N/sub 2/. For CCl/sub 3/F and CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ three maxima in sigma/sub a/(epsilon) were found at thermal energy, 0.25 and 0.75 eV and at 0.07, 0.30, and 0.93 eV, respectively. Only one pronounced maximum in sigma/sub a/(epsilon) for CClF/sub 3/ was observed at 1.4 eV. The thermal values of the attachment rate constant for CCl/sub 3/F, CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/, and CClF/sub 3/ are, respectively, 3.90 x 10/sup 8/, 4.00 x 10/sup 7/, and 6.05 x 10/sup 3/ sec/sup -1/ Torr/sup -1/. Additionally, comparisons are made between the sigma/sub a/(epsilon) calculated for these and other molecules using both the new electron energy distribution functions for N/sub 2/ and those determined earlier. Substituent effects on the number and position of negative ion states and on the magnitude of sigma/sub a/(epsilon) for the chlorofluoromethanes are discussed.
McCorkle, D.L.; Christodoulides, A.A.; Christophorou, L.G.; Szamrej, I.
Two-dimensional materials for ubiquitous electronics
Ubiquitous electronics will be a very important component of future electronics. However, today's approaches to large area, low cost, potentially ubiquitous electronic devices are currently dominated by the low mobility ...
Yu, Lili, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ECR ion source with electron gun
An Advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source having an electron gun for introducing electrons into the plasma chamber of the ion source is described. The ion source has a injection enclosure and a plasma chamber tank. The plasma chamber is defined by a plurality of longitudinal magnets. The electron gun injects electrons axially into the plasma chamber such that ionization within the plasma chamber occurs in the presence of the additional electrons produced by the electron gun. The electron gun has a cathode for emitting electrons therefrom which is heated by current supplied from an AC power supply while bias potential is provided by a bias power supply. A concentric inner conductor and outer conductor carry heating current to a carbon chuck and carbon pusher which hold the cathode in place and also heat the cathode. In the Advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source, the electron gun replaces the conventional first stage used in prior electron cyclotron resonance ion generators. 5 figures.
Xie, Z.Q.; Lyneis, C.M.
ABSTRACT: Electron Irradiation Induced Transformation of ... - TMS
Jun 27, 2007 ... Crystallochemical changes of (Pb5Ca5)(VO4)6F2 apatite under electron irradiation were examined by transmission electron microscopy.
Fundamentals of Power Electronics, Second Edition
1.1. Introduction to power processing 1.2. Some applications of power electronics 1.3. Elements of power electronics
Robert W. Erickson; Dragan Maksimovic
Correlated Electrons in Photoactive and Superconducting Materials...
the interactions between electrons. The two methods proposed leverage high-performance computing and are directly based on the many-electron Schrdinger equation that...
NIST: Electron-Impact Cross Section Database
... of molecules by electron impact. The database also includes cross sections for some atoms and energy distributions of ejected electrons for H, He ...
NIST SURF: Beamline 10: Electron beam imaging
Beamline 10: Electron beam imaging. Description: ... In its unperturbed state, the vertical electron beam size is quite small, in the order of a few 10 �m. ...
NIST Electron and Optical Physics Division - 2001
... of long standing within the Division is scanning electron microscopy with ... of magnetic structures via analysis of the spins of ejected electrons. ...
Are Electron Tweezers Possible? Apparently So.
... metallurgist Vladimir Oleshko, you might expect that a beam of focused electrons�such as that created by a transmission electron microscope (TEM ...
Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) Facility
... At these temperatures, even the heaviest atoms shed most of their electrons. ... The ions are probed with an intense electron beam, and the emitted ...
Sandia National Laboratories: Pollution Prevention: Electronics...
Stewardship As a member of the Federal Electronics Challenge (FEC), Sandia is committed to purchasing computer systems designed with the environment in mind. "Green" electronics...
Electronic circuit for measuring series connected ...
An electronic circuit for measuring voltage signals in an energy storage device is disclosed. The electronic circuit includes a plurality of energy storage cells ...
Glimpse of heavy electrons reveals "hidden order"
Glimpse of heavy electrons reveals "hidden order" Glimpse of heavy electrons reveals "hidden order" The remarkable breakthrough helps validate theory behind the observed increase...
Journal of Electronic Materials Home Page
JEM Home Page. The Journal of Electronic Materials reports on the science and technology of electronic materials while examining new applications for�...
Electron Correlation in Iron-Based Superconductors
large numbers of electrons that do not interact so strongly. Paradoxically, the high mobility and density of electrons give rise to a screening effect that reduces the...
Appliances, Lighting, Electronics, and Miscellaneous Equipment...
Appliances, Lighting, Electronics, and Miscellaneous Equipment Electricity Use in New Homes Title Appliances, Lighting, Electronics, and Miscellaneous Equipment Electricity Use in...
2000 Electronic Materials Conference: Airline Information
Sponsored by the Electronic Materials Committee of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), the 42nd Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) will be
Free-Electron Laser-Powered Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy interrogates unpaired electron spins in solids and liquids to reveal local structure and dynamics; for example, EPR has elucidated parts of the structure of protein complexes that have resisted all other techniques in structural biology. EPR can also probe the interplay of light and electricity in organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes, and the origin of decoherence in condensed matter, which is of fundamental importance to the development of quantum information processors. Like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), EPR spectroscopy becomes more powerful at high magnetic fields and frequencies, and with excitation by coherent pulses rather than continuous waves. However, the difficulty of generating sequences of powerful pulses at frequencies above 100 GHz has, until now, confined high-power pulsed EPR to magnetic fields of 3.5 T and below. Here we demonstrate that ~1 kW pulses from a free-electron laser (FEL) can power a pulsed EPR spectrometer at 240 GHz...
Takahashi, S; Edwards, D T; van Tol, J; Ramian, G; Han, S; Sherwin, M S
Electron geodesic acoustic modes in electron temperature gradient mode turbulence
In this work, the first demonstration of an electron branch of the geodesic acoustic mode (el-GAM) driven by electron temperature gradient (ETG) modes is presented. The work is based on a fluid description of the ETG mode retaining non-adiabatic ions and the dispersion relation for el-GAMs driven nonlinearly by ETG modes is derived. A new saturation mechanism for ETG turbulence through the interaction with el-GAMs is found, resulting in a significantly enhanced ETG turbulence saturation level compared to the mixing length estimate.
Anderson, Johan; Nordman, Hans [Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Goeteborg (Sweden); Singh, Raghvendra; Kaw, Predhiman [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428 (India)
Electron Trapping by Molecular Electron Trapping by Molecular Vibration Electron Trapping by Molecular Vibration Print Wednesday, 27 April 2005 00:00 In photoelectron spectroscopy experiments performed at the ALS, a group of researchers has found that electronic transitions normally thought to be forbidden can in fact be excited in conjunction with certain types of molecular vibrations. Specifically, they found that when the symmetry of a linear triatomic molecule is broken by asymmetric vibrational modes, photoelectrons can become temporarily trapped by the molecule before ultimately escaping, giving rise to a broad feature in the photoelectron spectrum known as a shape resonance. This process represents a novel type of symmetry-breaking phenomenon that has not been observed previously but appears to be widespread. Such coupling between electronic motion and nuclear motion becomes increasingly important as scientists learn more about the geometry and dynamics of novel chemical structures such as those found in nanodevices and transient chemical species, and the results have implications for studies that use photoelectron spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool.
Development of a multi-stage bubble column dehumidifier for application in a hymidification dehumidification desalination system
The Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT and KFUPM have been developing many novel desalination systems. One of the new technologies originating from the Lienhard Research Laboratory is the Humidification ...
Lam, Steven, S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Evaluation of the Extent of Electron Scattering in a Low ...
... of low vacuum scanning electron microscopes has been ... by all scanning electron microscope vendors. ... can help dissipate electrons that accumulate ...
Manasa Electronics | Open Energy Information
Manasa Electronics Manasa Electronics Jump to: navigation, search Name Manasa Electronics Place Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Zip 201 005 Sector Solar Product Ghaziabad-based manufacturer of solar PV products. Coordinates 28.673°, 77.41619° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":28.673,"lon":77.41619,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Polymer electronic devices and materials.
Polymer electronic devices and materials have vast potential for future microsystems and could have many advantages over conventional inorganic semiconductor based systems, including ease of manufacturing, cost, weight, flexibility, and the ability to integrate a wide variety of functions on a single platform. Starting materials and substrates are relatively inexpensive and amenable to mass manufacturing methods. This project attempted to plant the seeds for a new core competency in polymer electronics at Sandia National Laboratories. As part of this effort a wide variety of polymer components and devices, ranging from simple resistors to infrared sensitive devices, were fabricated and characterized. Ink jet printing capabilities were established. In addition to promising results on prototype devices the project highlighted the directions where future investments must be made to establish a viable polymer electronics competency.
Schubert, William Kent; Baca, Paul Martin; Dirk, Shawn M.; Anderson, G. Ronald; Wheeler, David Roger
Digital Networks: Electronics and Beyond
Digital Networks: Electronics and Beyond Digital Networks: Electronics and Beyond Speaker(s): Bruce Nordman Date: January 9, 2009 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 For the last five years or so, I have made digital networks my prime research focus. For the most part, this has concentrated on IT networks as with PCs and servers, and the network interfaces and network devices that enable it. I will outline how to think about networks as they collide with energy use and efficiency, and report on the several projects we have underway in this area. Networks have a unique relationship to industry standards and I will outline some of the challenges and opportunities this brings. In addition, we have the looming prospect of the networking of many non-electronic loads in buildings (particularly lighting and climate
Electron Interactions With c-C4F8
... N) Ratio of lateral electron diffusion coefficient to electron mobility ... of the slowed-down electrons by c ... via the near-zero electron attachment process ...
Direct cooled power electronics substrate
The disclosure describes directly cooling a three-dimensional, direct metallization (DM) layer in a power electronics device. To enable sufficient cooling, coolant flow channels are formed within the ceramic substrate. The direct metallization layer (typically copper) may be bonded to the ceramic substrate, and semiconductor chips (such as IGBT and diodes) may be soldered or sintered onto the direct metallization layer to form a power electronics module. Multiple modules may be attached to cooling headers that provide in-flow and out-flow of coolant through the channels in the ceramic substrate. The modules and cooling header assembly are preferably sized to fit inside the core of a toroidal shaped capacitor.
Wiles, Randy H. (Powell, TN), Wereszczak, Andrew A. (Oak Ridge, TN); Ayers, Curtis W. (Kingston, TN); Lowe, Kirk T. (Knoxville, TN)
Electronic imaging system and technique
A method and system for viewing objects obscurred by intense plasmas or flames (such as a welding arc) includes a pulsed light source to illuminate the object, the peak brightness of the light reflected from the object being greater than the brightness of the intense plasma or flame; an electronic image sensor for detecting a pulsed image of the illuminated object, the sensor being operated as a high-speed shutter; and electronic means for synchronizing the shutter operation with the pulsed light source.
Bolstad, J.O.
Bolstad, Jon O. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Electron microscopy of ceramic superconductors
The critical current Jc is at least as important as Tc (transition temperature) for applications in superconducting materials. Jc is strongly dependent on microstructure and, in consequence, electron microscopy will continue to be important in the development of practical ceramic superconductors. We will review the progress that has been made over the past year or so in studying the superconductors by electron microscopy techniques of all kinds--conventional, high resolution, analytical, etc. A thorough review is impossible but a bibliography is available, as well as two special issues of Journals. 25 refs., 9 figs.
Mitchell, T.E.; Roy, T.
Shimmed electron beam welding process
A modified electron beam welding process effects welding of joints between superalloy materials by inserting a weldable shim in the joint and heating the superalloy materials with an electron beam. The process insures a full penetration of joints with a consistent percentage of filler material and thereby improves fatigue life of the joint by three to four times as compared with the prior art. The process also allows variable shim thickness and joint fit-up gaps to provide increased flexibility for manufacturing when joining complex airfoil structures and the like.
Feng, Ganjiang (Clifton Park, NY); Nowak, Daniel Anthony (Alplaus, NY); Murphy, John Thomas (Niskayuna, NY)
About the 2004 Electronic Materials Conference: Exhibition ...
2004 Electronic Materials Conference: Exhibition & Exhibitor Information ... REGISTRATION & HOUSING INFORMATION � PERSONAL CONFERENCE�...
Publicly Submitted White Papers - Electronics and Photonics
... Components; A Transformative Approach to the Holy Grail of Chipscale Ultrafast Photonic-Electronic Integration; Accelerating ...
Electronics as material: littleBits
As the democratization of electronics gains more momentum, we are interested in thinking of electronics as material that can be combined with other traditional ones such as paper, cardboard and screws. littleBits is an opensource library of discrete ... Keywords: electronics, electronics kit, industrial design, interaction design, prototyping, sketching in hardware
Ayah Bdeir
NIST Electron and Optical Physics Division - 1998
TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 1998 - NISTIR 6268 ELECTRON AND OPTICAL PHYSICS DIVISION. Vortex structures in a rotating ...
TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 1999 - NISTIR 6438 Electron and Optical Physics Division. Soliton produced by phase-printing ...
Light modulated electron beam driven radiofrequency emitter
The disclosure relates to a light modulated electron beam-driven radiofrequency emitter. Pulses of light impinge on a photoemissive device which generates an electron beam having the pulse characteristics of the light. The electron beam is accelerated through a radiofrequency resonator which produces radiofrequency emission in accordance with the electron, hence, the light pulses.
Wilson, M.T.; Tallerico, P.J.
Secondary electron ion source neutron generator
A neutron generator employing an electron emitter, an ion source bombarded by the electrons from the electron emitter, a plasma containment zone, and a target situated between the plasma containment zone and the electron emitter. The target contains occluded deuterium, tritium, or a mixture thereof
Brainard, John P. (Albuquerque, NM); McCollister, Daryl R. (Albuquerque, NM)
Electron Microscopy of Carbon Nanotube Composites
Electron Microscopy of Carbon Nanotube Composites. Summary: Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs ...
Defect Structures and Electronic Properties of Graphene
Defect Structures and Electronic Properties of Graphene. Summary: Graphene and related materials have remarkable physical ...
Molecular image resolution in electron microscopy
In order to determine the ultimate molecular resolution attainable with a conventional electron microscope
Natsu Uyeda; Takashi Kobayashi; Eiji Suito; Yoshiyasu Harada
Transmission Line Technology for Electron Cyclotron Heating
Technical Paper / Special Issue on Electron Cyclotron Wave Physics, Technology, and Applications - Part 2
J. L. Doane; R. A. Olstad
Planar Vacuum Diode With Monoenergetic Electrons
The paper analyses volt-ampere characteristics of a planar vacuum diode with mono-energetic electrons, emitted by the cathode (an electron beam). The movement of the electron beam in the volume of the diode is described. An analytic dependence of the volt-ampere characteristics in an unlimited and limited by the field mode of the electron beam is derived.
Dimitar G. Stoyanov
Electron-acoustic vortices in multicomponent magnetoplasma
Linear and nonlinear properties of electron-acoustic waves in a multicomponent magnetoplasma comprising of cold and beam electrons and two species of thermal unmagnetized ions are investigated here. It is found that the electron beam velocity, electron Debye length, electron Larmor radius, and concentration of the cold and beam electrons affect the linear dispersion characteristics of electron-acoustic wave. It is also found that such a multicomponent plasma admits dipolar and vortex street type structures for the normalized electrostatic potential PHIgeomagnetic tail, etc. is also pointed out.
Haque, Q. [Theoretical Plasma Physics Division, PINSTECH, P. O. Nilore, Islamabad 45320 (Pakistan); Mirza, Arshad M. [Department of Physics, Theoretical Plasma Physics Group, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320 (Pakistan); Nargis, Shahida [Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320 (Pakistan)
Electron gun controlled smart structure
Disclosed is a method and system for actively controlling the shape of a sheet of electroactive material; the system comprising: one or more electrodes attached to the frontside of the electroactive sheet; a charged particle generator, disposed so as to direct a beam of charged particles (e.g. electrons) onto the electrode; a conductive substrate attached to the backside of the sheet; and a power supply electrically connected to the conductive substrate; whereby the sheet changes its shape in response to an electric field created across the sheet by an accumulation of electric charge within the electrode(s), relative to a potential applied to the conductive substrate. Use of multiple electrodes distributed across on the frontside ensures a uniform distribution of the charge with a single point of e-beam incidence, thereby greatly simplifying the beam scanning algorithm and raster control electronics, and reducing the problems associated with "blooming". By placing a distribution of electrodes over the front surface of a piezoelectric film (or other electroactive material), this arrangement enables improved control over the distribution of surface electric charges (e.g. electrons) by creating uniform (and possibly different) charge distributions within each individual electrode. Removal or deposition of net electric charge can be affected by controlling the secondary electron yield through manipulation of the backside electric potential with the power supply. The system can be used for actively controlling the shape of space-based deployable optics, such as adaptive mirrors and inflatable antennae.
Martin, Jeffrey W. (Albuquerque, NM); Main, John Alan (Lexington, KY); Redmond, James M. (Albuquerque, NM); Henson, Tammy D. (Albuquerque, NM); Watson, Robert D. (Tijeras, NM)
Quantum Phenomena Observed Using Electrons
Electron phase microscopy based on the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect principle has been used to illuminate fundamental phenomena concerning magnetism and superconductivity by visualizing quantitative magnetic lines of force. This paper deals with confirmation experiments on the AB effect, the magnetization process of tiny magnetic heads for perpendicular recording, and vortex behaviors in high-Tc superconductors.
Tonomura, Akira [Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412 (Japan); Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0395 (Japan); Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 (Japan)
Hybrid free electron laser devices
We consider hybrid free electron laser devices consisting of Cerenkov and undulator sections. We will show that they can in principle be used as segmented devices and also show the possibility of exploiting Cerenkov devices for the generation of nonlinear harmonic coherent power. We discuss both oscillator and amplifier schemes.
Asgekar, Vivek; Dattoli, G. [Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune 411007 (India); ENEA, Unita Tecnico Scientifica Technologie Fisiche, Avanzate, Centro Ricerche Frascati, C.P. 65-00044 Frascati, Rome (Italy)
Electronic properties of nanoribbon junctions
We investigate the effects of nitrogen impurities on the electronic properties of quantum dots realized in Z-shaped graphene nanoribbon junction. The system is studied using first principle calculations, based on the local spin density approximation ... Keywords: Graphene, Nanoribbon, Quantum dots
A. Le�n; Z. Barticevic; M. Pacheco
Harsh environments electronics : downhole applications.
The development and operational sustainment of renewable (geothermal) and non-renewable (fossil fuel) energy resources will be accompanied by increasingly higher costs factors: exploration and site preparation, operational maintenance and repair. Increased government oversight in the wake of the Gulf oil spill will only add to the cost burden. It is important to understand that downhole conditions are not just about elevated temperatures. It is often construed that military electronics are exposed to the upper limit in terms of extreme service environments. Probably the harshest of all service conditions for electronics and electrical equipment are those in oil, gas, and geothermal wells. From the technology perspective, advanced materials, sensors, and microelectronics devices are benefificial to the exploration and sustainment of energy resources, especially in terms of lower costs. Besides the need for the science that creates these breakthroughs - there is also a need for sustained engineering development and testing. Downhole oil, gas, and geothermal well applications can have a wide range of environments and reliability requirements: Temperature, Pressure, Vibration, Corrosion, and Service duration. All too frequently, these conditions are not well-defifined because the application is labeled as 'high temperature'. This ambiguity is problematic when the investigation turns to new approaches for electronic packaging solutions. The objective is to develop harsh environment, electronic packaging that meets customer requirements of cost, performance, and reliability. There are a number of challenges: (1) Materials sets - solder alloys, substrate materials; (2) Manufacturing process - low to middle volumes, low defect counts, new equipment technologies; and (3) Reliability testing - requirements documents, test methods and modeling, relevant standards documents. The cost to develop and sustain renewable and non-renewable energy resources will continue to escalate within the industry. Downhole electronics can provide a very cost-effective approach for well exploration and sustainment (data logging). However, the harsh environments are a 'game-changer' in terms defining materials, assembly processes and the long-term reliability of downhole electronic systems. The system-level approach will enable the integration of each of these contributors - materials, processes, and reliability - in order to deliver cost-effective electronics that meet customer requirements.
Vianco, Paul Thomas
Electron Linacs for High Energy Physics
The purpose of this article is to introduce some of the basic physical principles underlying the operation of electron linear accelerators (electron linacs). Electron linacs have applications ranging from linacs with an energy of a few MeV, such that the electrons are approximately relativistic, to future electron-positron linear colliders having a collision energy in the several-TeV energy range. For the most part, only the main accelerating linac is treated in this article.
Wilson, Perry B.; /SLAC
Composite cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries
The utility of incorporating continuous, nanoscale vanadium oxide phases within preferred domains of self-organizing copolymers was investigated towards the fabrication of composite, nanoarchitectured electrode materials ...
Olivetti, Elsa A
Advanced materials for lithium rechargeable battery.
??Due to the rapid increase in the use of portable computers, mobile phones, and electric vehicles, there is an increasing demand for larger capacity, smaller� (more)
Idris, Nurul Hayati
Spatially Resolved Porous Electrode Theory for Rechargeable ...
Symposium, Nanostructured Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and for Supercapacitors. Presentation Title, Spatially Resolved Porous Electrode Theory for�...
Design and Simulation of Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
The LiNiOiCarbon Lithium-Ion Battery," S. S. lonics, 69,238-the mid-1980's, the lithium-ion battery based on a carboncommercialization of the lithium-ion battery, several other
Nanostructured, Rechargeable Solid-State Vaccine for ...
electrolytes that conduct due to the movement of ions through voids. They act as a battery because they conduct ions but act as an insulator toward ...
High Performance Binderless Electrodes for Rechargeable ...
An electrode (110) is provided that may be used in an electrochemical device (100) such as an energy storage/discharge device, e.g., a lithium-ion battery, ...
Organic Materials for Electrodes in Rechargeable Batteries
Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage and Recovery in a Complex-Shaped Double Pipe Heat Exchanger � Sodium Sulfur (NaS) Battery Research in Korea:�...
Electroactive Polymer for Overcharge Protection in Rechargeable...
the cell materials and causes safety problems. For multi-cell battery packs designed for high voltage applications (such as EV's and HEV's), it is essential to incorporate an...
Ionic liquids for rechargeable lithium batteries
We have investigated possible anticipated advantages of ionic-liquid electrolytes for use in lithium-ion batteries. Thermal stabilities and phase behavior were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The ionic liquids studied include various imidazoliumTFSI systems, pyrrolidiniumTFSI, BMIMPF{sub 6}, BMIMBF{sub 4}, and BMIMTf. Thermal stabilities were measured for neat ionic liquids and for BMIMBF{sub 4}-LiBF{sub 4}, BMIMTf-LiTf, BMIMTFSI-LiTFSI mixtures. Conductivities have been measured for various ionic-liquid lithium-salt systems. We show the development of interfacial impedance in a Li|BMIMBF{sub 4} + LiBF{sub 4}|Li cell and we report results from cycling experiments for a Li|BMIMBF{sub 4} + 1 mol/kg LIBF{sub 4}|C cell. The interfacial resistance increases with time and the ionic liquid reacts with the lithium electrode. As expected, imidazolium-based ionic liquids react with lithium electrodes. We seek new ionic liquids that have better chemical stabilities.
Salminen, Justin; Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Kerr, John; Prausnitz,John; Newman, John
M. Armand, �Room temperature molten salts as lithium batteryZ. Suarez, �Ionic liquid (molten salt) phase organometallic
Salminen, Justin; Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Kerr, John; Prausnitz, John; Newman, John
Tutorial Luncheon: Advanced Rechargeable Batteries: A Materials ...
Batteries for these applications need to satisfy a range of requirements, including high energy density, low materials and processing costs, and avoidance of�...
to increase the battery's capacity (j n u J per unit volume.to estimate the battery capacity by relating the dischargealso the specific capacity of current battery systems. It is
Nanostructured Materials for Rechargeable Batteries and for ...
Jul 15, 2013... synthesis and application of high performance biochars with tuned porosity and surface functionality, Si and Ge nanowires, novel oxides for�...
in a Li-Li cell. 0.1 mA, 50 min -0.1 mA, 50 min E (volts)E (volts)E (Volts) E (Volts) Time (Sec) Time (Sec) Figure 16. First
Rechargeable thin-film electrochemical generator
An improved electrochemical generator is disclosed. The electrochemical generator includes a thin-film electrochemical cell which is maintained in a state of compression through use of an internal or an external pressure apparatus. A thermal conductor, which is connected to at least one of the positive or negative contacts of the cell, conducts current into and out of the cell and also conducts thermal energy between the cell and thermally conductive, electrically resistive material disposed on a vessel wall adjacent the conductor. The thermally conductive, electrically resistive material may include an anodized coating or a thin sheet of a plastic, mineral-based material or conductive polymer material. The thermal conductor is fabricated to include a resilient portion which expands and contracts to maintain mechanical contact between the cell and the thermally conductive material in the presence of relative movement between the cell and the wall structure. The electrochemical generator may be disposed in a hermetically sealed housing.
Rouillard, Roger (Beloeil, CA); Domroese, Michael K. (South St. Paul, MN); Hoffman, Joseph A. (Minneapolis, MN); Lindeman, David D. (Hudson, WI); Noel, Joseph-Robert-Gaetan (St-Hubert, CA); Radewald, Vern E. (Austin, TX); Ranger, Michel (Lachine, CA); Sudano, Anthony (Laval, CA); Trice, Jennifer L. (Eagan, MN); Turgeon, Thomas A. (Fridley, MN)
Amorphous-diamond electron emitter
An electron emitter comprising a textured silicon wafer overcoated with a thin (200 .ANG.) layer of nitrogen-doped, amorphous-diamond (a:D-N), which lowers the field below 20 volts/micrometer have been demonstrated using this emitter compared to uncoated or diamond coated emitters wherein the emission is at fields of nearly 60 volts/micrometer. The silicon/nitrogen-doped, amorphous-diamond (Si/a:D-N) emitter may be produced by overcoating a textured silicon wafer with amorphous-diamond (a:D) in a nitrogen atmosphere using a filtered cathodic-arc system. The enhanced performance of the Si/a:D-N emitter lowers the voltages required to the point where field-emission displays are practical. Thus, this emitter can be used, for example, in flat-panel emission displays (FEDs), and cold-cathode vacuum electronics.
Falabella, Steven (Livermore, CA)