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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Input--output capital coefficients for energy technologies. [Input-output model
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Input-output capital coefficients are presented for five electric and seven non-electric energy technologies. They describe the durable goods and structures purchases (at a 110 sector level of detail) that are necessary to expand productive capacity in each of twelve energy source sectors. Coefficients are defined in terms of 1967 dollar purchases per 10/sup 6/ Btu of output from new capacity, and original data sources include Battelle Memorial Institute, the Harvard Economic Research Project, The Mitre Corp., and Bechtel Corp. The twelve energy sectors are coal, crude oil and gas, shale oil, methane from coal, solvent refined coal, refined oil products, pipeline gas, coal combined-cycle electric, fossil electric, LWR electric, HTGR electric, and hydroelectric.
Tessmer, R.G. Jr.
Application of a Linear Input/Output Model to Tankless Water Heaters
In this study, the applicability of a linear input/output model to gas-fired, tankless water heaters has been evaluated. This simple model assumes that the relationship between input and output, averaged over both active draw and idle periods, is linear. This approach is being applied to boilers in other studies and offers the potential to make a small number of simple measurements to obtain the model parameters. These parameters can then be used to predict performance under complex load patterns. Both condensing and non-condensing water heaters have been tested under a very wide range of load conditions. It is shown that this approach can be used to reproduce performance metrics, such as the energy factor, and can be used to evaluate the impacts of alternative draw patterns and conditions.
Butcher T.; Schoenbauer, B.
An Electricity-focused Economic Input-output Model: Life-cycle Assessment and Policy Implications of Future Electricity Generation Scenarios
E-Print Network (OSTI)
chains and emission factors for the generation, transmission and distribution portions of the electricityAn Electricity-focused Economic Input-output Model: Life-cycle Assessment and Policy Implications of Future Electricity Generation Scenarios Joe Marriott Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
Comparisons of four categories of waste recycling in China's paper industry based on physical input-output life-cycle assessment model
SciTech Connect
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Using crop straws and wood wastes for paper production should be promoted. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Bagasse and textile waste recycling should be properly limited. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Imports of scrap paper should be encouraged. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Sensitivity analysis, uncertainties and policy implications are discussed. - Abstract: Waste recycling for paper production is an important component of waste management. This study constructs a physical input-output life-cycle assessment (PIO-LCA) model. The PIO-LCA model is used to investigate environmental impacts of four categories of waste recycling in China's paper industry: crop straws, bagasse, textile wastes and scrap paper. Crop straw recycling and wood utilization for paper production have small total intensity of environmental impacts. Moreover, environmental impacts reduction of crop straw recycling and wood utilization benefits the most from technology development. Thus, using crop straws and wood (including wood wastes) for paper production should be promoted. Technology development has small effects on environmental impacts reduction of bagasse recycling, textile waste recycling and scrap paper recycling. In addition, bagasse recycling and textile waste recycling have big total intensity of environmental impacts. Thus, the development of bagasse recycling and textile waste recycling should be properly limited. Other pathways for reusing bagasse and textile wastes should be explored and evaluated. Moreover, imports of scrap paper should be encouraged to reduce large indirect impacts of scrap paper recycling on domestic environment.
Liang Sai [School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Zhang, Tianzhu, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Xu Yijian [School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Beijing 100037 (China)
Comparing urban solid waste recycling from the viewpoint of urban metabolism based on physical input-output model: A case of Suzhou in China
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Impacts of solid waste recycling on Suzhou's urban metabolism in 2015 are analyzed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Sludge recycling for biogas is regarded as an accepted method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Technical levels of reusing scrap tires and food wastes should be improved. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Other fly ash utilization methods should be exploited. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Secondary wastes from reusing food wastes and sludge should be concerned. - Abstract: Investigating impacts of urban solid waste recycling on urban metabolism contributes to sustainable urban solid waste management and urban sustainability. Using a physical input-output model and scenario analysis, urban metabolism of Suzhou in 2015 is predicted and impacts of four categories of solid waste recycling on urban metabolism are illustrated: scrap tire recycling, food waste recycling, fly ash recycling and sludge recycling. Sludge recycling has positive effects on reducing all material flows. Thus, sludge recycling for biogas is regarded as an accepted method. Moreover, technical levels of scrap tire recycling and food waste recycling should be improved to produce positive effects on reducing more material flows. Fly ash recycling for cement production has negative effects on reducing all material flows except solid wastes. Thus, other fly ash utilization methods should be exploited. In addition, the utilization and treatment of secondary wastes from food waste recycling and sludge recycling should be concerned.
Liang Sai, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Zhang Tianzhu, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
Energy Input Output Calculator | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Input Output Calculator Input Output Calculator Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Energy Input-Output Calculator Agency/Company /Organization: Department of Energy Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency Resource Type: Online calculator User Interface: Website Website: www2.eere.energy.gov/analysis/iocalc/Default.aspx Web Application Link: www2.eere.energy.gov/analysis/iocalc/Default.aspx OpenEI Keyword(s): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Tools Language: English References: EERE Energy Input-Output Calculator[1] The Energy Input-Output Calculator (IO Calculator) allows users to estimate the economic development impacts from investments in alternate electricity generating technologies. About the Calculator The Energy Input-Output Calculator (IO Calculator) allows users to estimate
Using Economic Input/Output Tables to Predict a Country�s Nuclear Status
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Both nuclear power and nuclear weapons programs should have (related) economic signatures which are detectible at some scale. We evaluated this premise in a series of studies using national economic input/output (IO) data. Statistical discrimination models using economic IO tables predict with a high probability whether a country with an unknown predilection for nuclear weapons proliferation is in fact engaged in nuclear power development or nuclear weapons proliferation. We analyzed 93 IO tables, spanning the years 1993 to 2005 for 37 countries that are either members or associates of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The 2009 OECD input/output tables featured 48 industrial sectors based on International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Revision 3, and described the respective economies in current country-of-origin valued currency. We converted and transformed these reported values to US 2005 dollars using appropriate exchange rates and implicit price deflators, and addressed discrepancies in reported industrial sectors across tables. We then classified countries with Random Forest using either the adjusted or industry-normalized values. Random Forest, a classification tree technique, separates and categorizes countries using a very small, select subset of the 2304 individual cells in the IO table. A nation�s efforts in nuclear power, be it for electricity or nuclear weapons, are an enterprise with a large economic footprint -- an effort so large that it should discernibly perturb coarse country-level economics data such as that found in yearly input-output economic tables. The neoclassical economic input-output model describes a country�s or region�s economy in terms of the requirements of industries to produce the current level of economic output. An IO table row shows the distribution of an industry�s output to the industrial sectors while a table column shows the input required of each industrial sector by a given industry.
Weimar, Mark R.; Daly, Don S.; Wood, Thomas W.
SWAT 2012 Input/Output Documentation
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a comprehensive model that requires a diversity of information in order to run. Novice users may feel overwhelmed by the variety and number of inputs when they first begin to use the model. This document provides a full description of model inputs. The inputs are organized by topic and emphasis is given to differentiating required inputs from optional inputs. The first chapter focuses on assisting the user in identifying inputs that must be defined for their particular dataset. The remaining chapters list variables by file and discuss methods used to measure or calculate values for the input parameters. SWAT is a public domain model jointly developed by USDA Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, part of The Texas A&M University System. SWAT is a small watershed to river basin-scale model to simulate the quality and quantity of surface and ground water and predict the environmental impact of land use, land management practices, and climate change. SWAT is widely used in assessing soil erosion prevention and control, non-point source pollution control and regional management in watersheds. Download the SWAT model, or read more information at the SWAT website.
Arnold, J.G.; Kiniry, J.R.; Srinivasan, R.; Williams, J.R.; Haney, E.B.; Neitsch, S.L.
OECD Input-Output Tables | Open Energy Information
OECD Input-Output Tables OECD Input-Output Tables Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Input-Output Tables Agency/Company /Organization: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Topics: Co-benefits assessment, Market analysis, Co-benefits assessment, Pathways analysis Resource Type: Dataset Website: www.oecd.org/document/3/0,3343,en_2649_34445_38071427_1_1_1_1,00.html Country: Sweden, Finland, Japan, South Korea, Argentina, Australia, China, Israel, United Kingdom, Portugal, Romania, Greece, Poland, Slovakia, Chile, India, Canada, New Zealand, United States, Denmark, Norway, Spain, Austria, Italy, Netherlands, Ireland, France, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Mexico, Slovenia, South Africa, Turkey, Indonesia, Switzerland, Taiwan, Russia
STARS: Sign tracking and recognition system using input-output HMMs
STARS is a vision based real time gestural interface that allows both communicative and manipulative 3D hand gestures, which vary in motion and appearance, to control target generic personal computer applications. This input-output HMM based framework ... Keywords: Adaptive threshold model, Gesture spotting, HCI, HCRF, Hand gesture recognition, IOHMM
C. Keskin; L. Akarun
Energy conservation and power consumption analysis in China based on input-output method
To achieve the sustainable development of society, the 11th five-year plan of national economic and social development of China raised the energy-saving target of decreasing 20% energy consumption per unit GDP in 2010 than the end of 2005. Based on the ... Keywords: energy intensity, energy-saving, input-output model, power demand
He Yong-Xiu; Zhang Song-Lei; Tao Wei-Jun; Li Fu-Rong
Analytical input-output and supply chain study of China's coke and steel sectors
I design an input-output model to investigate the energy supply chain of coal-coke-steel in China. To study the demand, supply, and energy-intensity issues for coal and coke from a macroeconomic perspective, I apply the ...
Li, Yu, 1976-
Testing alternative transport pricing strategies: A CGE analysis for Belgium 1 Paper to be presented at the Conference on �Input-Output and General Equilibrium: Data, Modeling and Policy Analysis�,
The objective of the paper is to compare the effects of two alternative transport pricing rules: average cost and marginal social cost pricing. For both pricing scenarios, two alternative ways of using surpluses or financing deficits of the transport sector are used. The first is to change the marginal labour tax rate, the second way is to vary the level of social transfers. The effects of the scenarios are tested using a computable general equilibrium model for Belgium. The model is also used to analyse whether the changes in the transport accounts caused by a pricing reform are good welfare indicators. 1.
Inge Mayeres; Stef Proost
Analytical input-output and supply chain study of China's coke and steel sectors; Analytical I/O and supply chain study of China's coke and steel sectors.
??I design an input-output model to investigate the energy supply chain of coal-coke-steel in China. To study the demand, supply, and energy-intensity issues for coal� (more)
Distributed Intelligence for Constructing Economic Models
This paper presents an integrated and distributed intelligent system being capable of automatically estimating and updating large-size economic models. The input-output model of economics uses a matrix representation of a nation's or a region's economy ... Keywords: Distributed Intelligence, Economic Models, Environmental Impact Assessment, Input-Output Tables, Machine Learning, Matrix Estimation, Parallel Optimization
Ting Yu
Next generation input-output data format for HEP using Google's protocol buffers
We propose a data format for Monte Carlo (MC) events, or any structural data, including experimental data, in a compact binary form using variable-size integer encoding as implemented in the Google's Protocol Buffers package. This approach is implemented in the so-called ProMC library which produces smaller file sizes for MC records compared to the existing input-output libraries used in high-energy physics (HEP). Other important features are a separation of abstract data layouts from concrete programming implementations, self-description and random access. Data stored in ProMC files can be written, read and manipulated in a number of programming languages, such C++, Java and Python.
S. V. Chekanov
An input-output procedure for calculating economy-wide economic impacts in supply chains using homeland security consequence analysis tools.
Sandia National Laboratories has developed several models to analyze potential consequences of homeland security incidents. Two of these models (the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center Agent-Based Laboratory for Economics, N-ABLE{trademark}, and Loki) simulate detailed facility- and product-level consequences of simulated disruptions to supply chains. Disruptions in supply chains are likely to reduce production of some commodities, which may reduce economic activity across many other types of supply chains throughout the national economy. The detailed nature of Sandia's models means that simulations are limited to specific supply chains in which detailed facility-level data has been collected, but policymakers are often concerned with the national-level economic impacts of supply-chain disruptions. A preliminary input-output methodology has been developed to estimate national-level economic impacts based upon the results of supply-chain-level simulations. This methodology overcomes two primary challenges. First, the methodology must be relatively simple to integrate successfully with existing models; it must be easily understood, easily applied to the supply-chain models without user intervention, and run quickly. The second challenge is more fundamental: the methodology must account for both upstream and downstream impacts that result from supply-chain disruptions. Input-output modeling typically estimates only upstream impacts, but shortages resulting from disruptions in many supply chains (for example, energy, communications, and chemicals) are likely to have large downstream impacts. In overcoming these challenges, the input-output methodology makes strong assumptions about technology and substitution. This paper concludes by applying the methodology to chemical supply chains.
Smith, Braeton J.; Vugrin, Eric D.; Loose, Verne W.; Warren, Drake E.; Vargas, Vanessa N.
Input-output theory for waveguide QED with an ensemble of inhomogeneous atoms
We study the collective effects that emerge in waveguide quantum electrodynamics where several (artificial) atoms are coupled to a one-dimensional (1D) superconducting transmission line. Since single microwave photons can travel without loss for a long distance along the line, real and virtual photons emitted by one atom can be reabsorbed or scattered by a second atom. Depending on the distance between the atoms, this collective effect can lead to super- and subradiance or to a coherent exchange-type interaction between the atoms. Changing the artificial atoms transition frequencies, something which can be easily done with superconducting qubits (two levels artificial atoms), is equivalent to changing the atom-atom separation and thereby opens the possibility to study the characteristics of these collective effects. To study this waveguide quantum electrodynamics system, we extend previous work and present an effective master equation valid for an ensemble of inhomogeneous atoms. Using input-output theory, we compute analytically and numerically the elastic and inelastic scattering and show how these quantities reveal information about collective effects. These theoretical results are compatible with recent experimental results using transmon qubits coupled to a superconducting one-dimensional transmission line [A.F. van Loo {\\it et al.} (2013)].
Kevin Lalumi�re; Barry C. Sanders; Arjan F. van Loo; Arkady Fedorov; Andreas Wallraff; Alexandre Blais
Quality assurance with the ISFH-Input/Output-Procedure 6-year-experience with 14 solar thermal systems
an auxiliary heater supplies the consumers with warm water even in the case of failures. In order to assureQuality assurance with the ISFH-Input/Output-Procedure 6-year-experience with 14 solar thermal of standard solar thermal systems usually don't recognise failures affecting the solar yield, because
US-CERT Control System Center Input/Output (I/O) Conceputal Design
This document was prepared for the US-CERT Control Systems Center of the National Cyber Security Division (NCSD) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). DHS has been tasked under the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to coordinate the overall national effort to enhance the protection of the national critical infrastructure. Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-7 directs the federal departments to identify and prioritize critical infrastructure and protect it from terrorist attack. The US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systems Security was prepared by the NCSD to address the control system security component addressed in the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace and the National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets. The US-CERT National Strategy for Control Systems Security identified five high-level strategic goals for improving cyber security of control systems; the I/O upgrade described in this document supports these goals. The vulnerability assessment Test Bed, located in the Information Operations Research Center (IORC) facility at Idaho National Laboratory (INL), consists of a cyber test facility integrated with multiple test beds that simulate the nation's critical infrastructure. The fundamental mission of the Test Bed is to provide industry owner/operators, system vendors, and multi-agency partners of the INL National Security Division a platform for vulnerability assessments of control systems. The Input/Output (I/O) upgrade to the Test Bed (see Work Package 3.1 of the FY-05 Annual Work Plan) will provide for the expansion of assessment capabilities within the IORC facility. It will also provide capabilities to connect test beds within the Test Range and other Laboratory resources. This will allow real time I/O data input and communication channels for full replications of control systems (Process Control Systems [PCS], Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems [SCADA], and components). This will be accomplished through the design and implementation of a modular infrastructure of control system, communications, networking, computing and associated equipment, and measurement/control devices. The architecture upgrade will provide a flexible patching system providing a quick ''plug and play''configuration through various communication paths to gain access to live I/O running over specific protocols. This will allow for in-depth assessments of control systems in a true-to-life environment. The full I/O upgrade will be completed through a two-phased approach. Phase I, funded by DHS, expands the capabilities of the Test Bed by developing an operational control system in two functional areas, the Science & Technology Applications Research (STAR) Facility and the expansion of various portions of the Test Bed. Phase II (see Appendix A), funded by other programs, will complete the full I/O upgrade to the facility.
Not Available
Experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) input/output controller (IOC) application developer`s guide
This document describes the core software that resides in an Input/Output Controller (IOC), one of the major components of EPICS. The plan of the book is: EPICS overview, IOC test facilities, general purpose features, database locking - scanning - and processing, static database access, runtime database access, database scanning, record and device support, device support library, IOC database configuration, IOC initialization, and database structures. Other than the first chapter this document describes only core IOC software. Thus it does not describe other EPICS tools such as the sequencer. It also does not describe Channel Access, a major IOC component.
Kraimer, M.R.
A parallel input-output system for resolving spatial data challenges: an agent-based model case study
With recent advances in data collection technologies such as remote sensing and global positioning systems, the amount of spatial data being produced has been increasing at a staggering rate. Simultaneously, a shift is being experienced in computing ...
Eric Shook; Shaowen Wang
Regional Climate Information & Modeling
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Information & Modeling Print E-mail The specific impacts and vulnerabilities posed by climate change are largely defined by regional differences 9in things like geography,...
Performance of NMC's Regional Models
This paper details the performance characteristics of the two regional dynamical models used at the National Meteorological Center to forecast for North America. Strengths and weaknesses of these models�the limited-area fine-mesh (LFM) model and ...
Norman W. Junker; James E. Hoke; Richard H. Grumm
is a series of six region-specific adaptation tools for the coastal communities in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, and Papua New Guinea....
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License. You are free to copy and distribute-free Future? IGCC and Wind in 2040 80 4.2 Limits of Disaggregation 84 4.3 Research Questions and Contributions Commission Net System Power 24 Table 3: Electricity Mixes for top 10 electricity importers 25 Table 4
The NMC Nested Regional Spectral Model
A nested primitive equation regional spectral model is developed. The model consists of two components�a low-resolution global spectral model and a high-resolution regional spectral model. The two components have identical vertical structure and ...
Hann-Ming Henry Juang; Masao Kanamitsu
Hybrid regional air pollution models
This discussion deals with a family of air quality models for predicting and analyzing the fine particulate loading in the atmosphere, for assessing the extent and degree of visibility impairment, and for determining the potential of pollutants for increasing the acidity of soils and water. The major horizontal scales of interest are from 400km to 2000km; and the time scales may vary from several hours, to days, weeks, and a few months or years, depending on the EPA regulations being addressed. First the role air quality models play in the general family of atmospheric simulation models is described. Then, the characteristics of a well-designed, comprehensive air quality model are discussed. Following this, the specific objectives of this workshop are outlined, and their modeling implications are summarized. There are significant modeling differences produced by the choice of the coordinate system, whether it be the fixed Eulerian system, the moving Lagrangian system, or some hybrid of the two. These three systems are briefly discussed, and a list of hybrid models that are currently in use are given. Finally, the PNL regional transport model is outlined and a number of research needs are listed.
Drake, R.L.
Simulation of timed input/output automata
This Master of Engineering Thesis describes the design, implementation, and usage of the TIOA Simulator. The TIOA Simulator, along with the other components of the TIOA Toolset aims to provide a framework for developing ...
Mavrommatis, Panayiotis P
Regions in Energy Market Models
This report explores the different options for spatial resolution of an energy market model--and the advantages and disadvantages of models with fine spatial resolution. It examines different options for capturing spatial variations, considers the tradeoffs between them, and presents a few examples from one particular model that has been run at different levels of spatial resolution.
Short, W.
Distributed Processing of a Regional Prediction Model
This paper describes the parallelization of a mesoscale-cloud-scale numerical weather prediction model and experiments conducted to assess its performance. The model used is the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), a limited-area ...
Kenneth W. Johnson; Jeff Bauer; Gregory A. Riccardi; Kelvin K. Droegemeier; Ming Xue
Regional Dynamics Model (REDYN) | Open Energy Information
Regional Dynamics Model (REDYN) Regional Dynamics Model (REDYN) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: REDYN Agency/Company /Organization: Regional Dynamics Inc. Sector: Energy Phase: Determine Baseline, "Evaluate Options and Determine Feasibility" is not in the list of possible values (Bring the Right People Together, Create a Vision, Determine Baseline, Evaluate Options, Develop Goals, Prepare a Plan, Get Feedback, Develop Finance and Implement Projects, Create Early Successes, Evaluate Effectiveness and Revise as Needed) for this property., Develop Goals Topics: Market analysis, Policies/deployment programs, Co-benefits assessment, - Macroeconomic Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Desktop Application Website: www.regionaldynamics.com/
Livermore Regional Air Quality model (LIRAQ-1)
The Livermore Regional Air Quality (LIRAQ) model is an Eulerian grid model developed for use in assessing the regional air quality of a region with temporally and spatially varying meteorology in complex terrain. The first implementation of this approach is embodied in the LIRAQ-1 model and is intended for use with either simple chemical systems or relatively inert pollutants. The basic model formulation is based on the conservation of mass equation integrated vertically from the surface to the base of an inversion layer, thereby creating a single layer model with a grid structure established in the two horizontal dimensions. Surface pollutant concentrations are related to vertical average concentrations using a logarithmic profile. Atmospheric transport, inversion height, source emissions, and topography are all prescribed. Data for the San Francisco Bay Area obtained during 1973 have been used in validation studies. (auth)
MacCracken, M.C.; Grant, K.E.
Regional Economic Models, Inc. (REMI) Model | Open Energy Information
Regional Economic Models, Inc. (REMI) Model Regional Economic Models, Inc. (REMI) Model Jump to: navigation, search LEDSGP green logo.png FIND MORE DIA TOOLS This tool is part of the Development Impacts Assessment (DIA) Toolkit from the LEDS Global Partnership. Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: REMI Agency/Company /Organization: Regional Economic Models Inc. Sector: Energy Focus Area: Transportation Phase: Determine Baseline, Develop Goals Topics: Baseline projection, GHG inventory, Pathways analysis Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Desktop Application Complexity/Ease of Use: Moderate Website: www.remi.com/ Cost: Paid References: http://www.remi.com/index.php?page=overview&hl=en_US Related Tools Job and Economic Development Impact Models (JEDI) The Integrated Environmental Strategies Handbook: A Resource Guide for Air Quality Planning
A Compact Propagation Delay Model for Deep-Submicron CMOS Gates including Crosstalk
We present a compact, fully physical, analytical model for the propagation delay and the output transition time of deep-submicron CMOS gates. The model accounts for crosstalk effects, short-circuit currents, the input-output coupling capacitance and ...
J. L. Rossell�; J. Segura
Development of a Regional Climate Model of the Western Arctic
An Arctic region climate system model has been developed to simulate coupled interactions among the atmosphere, sea ice, ocean, and land surface of the western Arctic. The atmospheric formulation is based upon the NCAR regional climate model ...
Amanda H. Lynch; William L. Chapman; John E. Walsh; Gunter Weller
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Biasi...
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Biasi, Et Al., 2009) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer...
floating point values. However, to use these system calls you will need to use the mfc1 and mtc1 round down. However, for up to 20% extra credit, you can implement rounding (using the guard, round
Groppi, Christopher
ITL Bulletin Guidelines for Protecting Basic Input/Output ...
... The focus is on the key activities that organizations should carry out related to provisioning, deploying, managing, and decommissioning the system ...
??Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most important cereal crop world-wide as well as an important source of feed, fiber and biofuel. It� (more)
Mall, Tejinder K.
PDP-6 LISP Input-Output for the Dataphone
A version of LISP 1.5 for the PDP-6 Computer has been extended to include IO through the dataphone. This makes possible communication between programs running in Project MAC time sharing and LISP programs running on the ...
Martin, William A.
Regional air quality in the four corners studys region: modeling approach
A two-dimensional Eulerian air pollutant transport model was used in an air quality study of the Four Corners region conducted for the National Commission on Air Quality. The regional modeling methodology and some sample results from the regional air quality analysis are presented. One major advantage of the regional transport model that was employed is that its solution involves the calculation of transfer coefficients that relate emissions to ambient concentrations and deposition and which can be used repeatedly to evaluate alternative scenarios and regulatory policies which represent different emission source configurations. The regional transport model was used in the calculation of the concentration and deposition of SO/sub 2/, SO/sub 4/, and primary fine particulates; and these estimates were used as inputs to regional atmospheric visibility and mass budget calculations. Previous studies have shown that the methods used in the regional air quality analysis give good agreement when comparing observed and estimated values.
Nochumson, D.
NETL: Predictive Modeling and Evaluation - CMU Regional Modeling Study
Regional Source-Receptor Modeling Study Regional Source-Receptor Modeling Study The Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) [PDF-744KB] is comprised of three inter-related components: 1) ambient PM measurements, 2) source characterization, and 3) deterministic and statistical air quality modeling. This effort will permit clarification of the contribution of coal-fired power plants to fine ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm). The resources from the Department of Energy (DOE) will be leveraged with resources from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other organizations. Clarkson University (Hopke group) will apply advanced receptor models to identify the nature, location and contribution of the sources of particulate matter observed by the measurements made as part of the PAQS. Several forms of factor analysis including Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and UNMIX will be applied in order to identify the composition and contributions of the sources. Potential Source Contribution Function analysis as well as Residence Time Weighted Concentration analysis will be applied to the determination of the locations of the likely major contributing sources. The aforementioned factor analysis methods will also be applied to the spatially distributed data both on a single species and multiple species basis and to compare these results with those obtained utilizing the back-trajectory-based methods. The availability of highly time resolved data should permit greater source resolution and will be examined to determine how much increased source specificity can be obtained from the increased time resolution in the data. Assistance will be provided with the multivariate calibration that will permit the use of single-particle mass spectrometry data to estimate ambient concentrations of particulate species. These analyses should provide a better understanding of the source/receptor relationships that lead to the observed particle concentrations in the Pittsburgh area.
Temperature Trends in the NARCCAP Regional Climate Models
The skill of six regional climate models (RCMs) in reproducing short-term (24-yr), observed, near-surface temperature trends when driven by reanalysis is examined. The RCMs are part of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (...
Melissa S. Bukovsky
Regional Short-Term Energy Model (RSTEM) Overview
Reports and Publications (EIA)
The Regional Short-Term Energy Model (RSTEM) utilizes estimated econometric relationships for demand, inventories and prices to forecast energy market outcomes across key sectors and selected regions throughout the United States.
Information Center
A Regional Model Study of Synoptic Features over West Africa
Synoptic weather features over West Africa were studied in simulations by the regional simulation model (RM) at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. These pioneering simulations represent the beginning of an effort to adapt regional ...
Leonard M. Druyan; Matthew Fulakeza; Patrick Lonergan; Mahaman Saloum
NREL: Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model - Publications
Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Energy Analysis ReEDS Regional Energy Deployment System Model Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Energy Analysis ReEDS Regional Energy Deployment System Model Search More Search Options Site Map Printable Version Publications The following are publications - including technical reports, journal articles, conference papers, and posters - focusing on the Wind Deployment System (WinDS) and Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) models. Technical Reports Eurek, K.; Denholm, P.; Margolis, R.; Mowers, M. (2013). Sensitivity of Utility-Scale Solar Deployment Projections in the SunShot Vision Study to Market and Performance Assumptions. 55 pp.; NREL Report No. TP-6A20-55836. Martinez, A.; Eurek, K.; Mai, T.; Perry, A. (2013). Integrated Canada-U.S. Power Sector Modeling with the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS).
Regional Changes in Wind Energy Potential over Europe Using Regional Climate Model Ensemble Projections
The impact of climate change on wind power generation potentials over Europe is investigated by considering ensemble projections from two regional climate models (RCMs) driven by a global climate model (GCM). Wind energy density and its ...
Hanna Hueging; Rabea Haas; Kai Born; Daniela Jacob; Joaquim G. Pinto
DRI Model of the U.S. Economy -- Model Documentation:
Provides documentation on Data Resources, Inc., DRI Model of the U.S. Economy and the DRI Personal Computer Input/Output Model. It also describes the theoretical basis, structure and functions of both DRI models; and contains brief descriptions of the models and their equations.
Mathematical Modeling for Side-Blow Combustion Region in Iron ...
Presentation Title, Mathematical Modeling for Side-Blow Combustion Region in Iron Bath Reactor with H2-C Mixture Reduction. Author(s), Bo Zhang, Hong Xin.
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region...
navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Blackwell, Et Al., 2003) Exploration...
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Pritchett...
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Regional Wave Field Modeling and Array Effects
Array with Hs 7.58 m, Tp 2.22 s and DSPR 4. WEC Farm Modeling: WEC Energy Sink Definition WEC Energy Sink Definition * Currently WECs modeled in SWAN as constant...
A multi-agent model of several economic regions
This paper presents Lagom regiO: a multi-agent model of several growing economic areas in interaction. The model is part of the Lagom model family: economic multi-agent models developed to make steps toward understanding equilibrium selection and identifying ... Keywords: Economic regions, Emissions, Growing economy, Multi-agent model
Sarah Wolf, Steffen F�Rst, Antoine Mandel, Wiebke Lass, Daniel Lincke, Federico Pablo-Mart�, Carlo Jaeger
California Wintertime Precipitation Bias in Regional and Global Climate Models
In this paper, wintertime precipitation from a variety of observational datasets, regional climate models (RCMs), and general circulation models (GCMs) is averaged over the state of California and compared. Several averaging methodologies are ...
Peter Caldwell
A Bayesian Forecast Model of Australian Region Tropical Cyclone Formation
A new and potentially skillful seasonal forecast model of tropical cyclone formation [tropical cyclogenesis (TCG)] is developed for the Australian region. The model is based on Poisson regression using the Bayesian approach. Predictor combinations ...
Angelika Werner; Neil J. Holbrook
Bias Correction of Regional Climate Model Simulations in a Region of Complex Orography
This study presents a method to correct regional climate model (RCM) outputs using observations from automatic weather stations. The correction applies a nonlinear procedure, which recently appeared in the literature, to both precipitation and ...
Roger Bordoy; Paolo Burlando
Figure 6. Electricity Market Model Supply Regions
The NEMS Electricity Market Module (EMM) represents the capacity planning, dispatching, and pricing of electricity. It is composed of four submodules�electricity capacity planning, electricity fuel dispatching, load and demand electricity, and electricity finance and pricing. It includes nonutility capacity and generation, and electricity transmission and trade. A detailed description of the EMM is provided in the EIA publication, Electricity Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System 2010, DOE/EIA-M068(2010). Based on fuel prices and electricity demands provided by the other modules of the NEMS, the EMM determines the most economical way to supply electricity, within environmental and operational constraints. There are assumptions about the operations of the electricity sector and the costs of various options in each of the EMM submodules. This section describes the model parameters and assumptions used in EMM. It includes a discussion of legislation and regulations that are incorporated in EMM as well as information about the climate change action plan. The various electricity and technology cases are also described.
unknown authors
Implementation of Prognostic Cloud Scheme for a Regional Spectral Model
The purpose of this study is to develop a precipitation physics package for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) designed to improve the skill of precipitation forecasts. The package incorporates ...
Song-You Hong; Hann-Ming Henry Juang; Qingyun Zhao
Regional Models: Emerging Research Tools for Synoptic Meteorologists
Although the development of limited-area, regional-scale numerical-weather prediction models has been driven largely by the practical need to improve quantitative precipitation forecasts, a related motivation has been scientific interest in ...
Daniel Keyser; Louis W. Uccellini
Surface Boundary Conditions for Mesoscale Regional Climate Models
This paper utilizes the best available quality data from multiple sources to develop consistent surface boundary conditions (SBCs) for mesoscale regional climate model (RCM) applications. The primary SBCs include 1) fields of soil characteristic (...
Xin-Zhong Liang; Hyun I. Choi; Kenneth E. Kunkel; Yongjiu Dai; Everette Joseph; Julian X. L. Wang; Praveen Kumar
Assessment of the Value, Impact, and Validity of the Jobs and Economic Development Impacts (JEDI) Suite of Models
The Jobs and Economic Development Impacts (JEDI) models, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), use input-output methodology to estimate gross (not net) jobs and economic impacts of building and operating selected types of renewable electricity generation and fuel plants. This analysis provides the DOE with an assessment of the value, impact, and validity of the JEDI suite of models. While the models produce estimates of jobs, earnings, and economic output, this analysis focuses only on jobs estimates. This validation report includes an introduction to JEDI models, an analysis of the value and impact of the JEDI models, and an analysis of the validity of job estimates generated by JEDI model through comparison to other modeled estimates and comparison to empirical, observed jobs data as reported or estimated for a commercial project, a state, or a region.
Billman, L.; Keyser, D.
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Yellowstone Region (Laney, 2005) | Open
Laney, 2005) Laney, 2005) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer Simulations At Yellowstone Region (Laney, 2005) Exploration Activity Details Location Yellowstone Caldera Geothermal Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness useful regional reconnaissance DOE-funding Unknown Notes Localized Strain as a Discriminator of Hidden Geothermal Systems, Vasco and Foxall, 2005. Recent work has focused on (1) collaborating with Alessandro Ferretti to use Permanent Scatterer (PS) InSAR data to infer strain at depth, (2) working with Lane Johnson to develop a dynamic faulting model, and (3) acquiring InSAR data for the region surrounding the Dixie Valley fault zone in collaboration with Dr. William Foxall of LLNL. The InSAR data
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Central Nevada Seismic Zone Region
Central Nevada Seismic Zone Region Central Nevada Seismic Zone Region (Blackwell, Et Al., 2003) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer Simulations At Central Nevada Seismic Zone Region (Blackwell, Et Al., 2003) Exploration Activity Details Location Central Nevada Seismic Zone Geothermal Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Developed natural state mass and energy transport fluid flow models of generic Basin and Range systems based on Dixie Valley data that help to understand the nature of large scale constraints on the location and characteristics of the geothermal systems References D. D. Blackwell, K. W. Wisian, M. C. Richards, Mark Leidig, Richard Smith, Jason McKenna (2003) Geothermal Resource Analysis And Structure Of
A Stochastic Methodology for Regional Wind-Field Modeling
Three-dimensional, regional scale (?1000 km) air-quality simulation models require hourly inputs of U and V wind components for each vertical layer of the model and for each grid cell in the horizontal. The standard North American meteorological ...
Kenneth L. Schere; Carlie J. Coats
Regional Climate Model Projections for the State of Washington
Global climate models do not have sufficient spatial resolution to represent the atmospheric and land surface processes that determine the unique regional heterogeneity of the climate of the State of Washington. If future large-scale weather patterns interact differently with the local terrain and coastlines than current weather patterns, local changes in temperature and precipitation could be quite different from the coarse-scale changes projected by global models. Regional climate models explicitly simulate the interactions between the large-scale weather patterns simulated by a global model and the local terrain. We have performed two 100-year climate simulations using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). One simulation is forced by the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) and the second is forced by a simulation of the Max Plank Institute, Hamburg, global model (ECHAM5). The mesoscale simulations produce regional changes in snow cover, cloudiness, and circulation patterns associated with interactions between the large-scale climate change and the regional topography and land-water contrasts. These changes substantially alter the temperature and precipitation trends over the region relative to the global model result or statistical downscaling. To illustrate this effect, we analyze the changes from the current climate (1970-1999) to the mid 21st century (2030-2059). Changes in seasonal-mean temperature, precipitation, and snowpack are presented. Several climatological indices of extreme daily weather are also presented: precipitation intensity, fraction of precipitation occurring in extreme daily events, heat wave frequency, growing season length, and frequency of warm nights. Despite somewhat different changes in seasonal precipitation and temperature from the two regional simulations, consistent results for changes in snowpack and extreme precipitation are found in both simulations.
Salathe, E.; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Qian, Yun; Zhang, Yongxin
Estimating the economic and demographic impacts of solar technology commercialization on US regions
The purpose of this study is to develop a framework through which these regional economic and demographic impacts of solar technology commercialization can be analyzed. Two models comprise the basis of this framework - a national input/output model and an interregional econometric model, the National-Regional Impact Evaluation System (NRIES). These models are used to convert projected sales of solar energy systems to gross output concepts, and to evaluate the impacts associated with these sales. Analysis is provided for the nine census regions and 50 states and the District of Columbia for the years 1980 through 1990. Impacts on major economic aggregates such as output, employment, income, and population are described. The methodology used in this study is described. The economic and demographic impacts of solar technology commercialization on US regions and states are presented. The major conclusions of the study are summarized, and direction is provided for further research. Detailed tables of regional and state solar energy expenditures and their impacts appear in the Appendix.
Kort, J.R.
Regional climate change scenarios over the United States produced with a nested regional climate model
Two continuous 31/2-year-long climate simulation over the continental United States are discussed, one of present-day conditions and one for conditions under double carbon dioxide concentration, conducted with a limited area model (LAM) nested in a general circulation model (GCM). The models used are a version of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM) at rhomboidal 15 spectral resolution and the climate version of the NCAR/Penn State mesoscale model (MM4) at 60-km gridpoint spacing. For present-day conditions the model temperatures are within 1[degrees]-2[degrees]C of observations except over the Great Lakes region, where temperature is overpredicted. The CCM overpredicts precipitation throughout the continental United States (overall by about 60%) and especially over the West (by up to 300%). The nested MM4 overpredicts precipitation over the West but underpredicts it over the eastern United States. In addition, it produces a large amount of topographically and lake-induced sub-GCM grid-scale detail that compares well with available high-resolution climate data. Overall, the nested MM4 reproduces observed spatial and seasonal precipitation patterns better than the driving CCM. Doubled carbon dioxide-induced temperature change scenarios produced by the two models generally differ by less than several tenths of a degree except over the Great Lakes region where, because of the presence of the lakes in the nested model, the two model scenarios differ by more than one degree. Conversely, precipitation change scenarios from the two model simulations can locally differ in magnitude, sign, spatial, and seasonal detail. These differences are associated with topographical features in the MM4, such as the presence of steep coastal ranges in the western United States. This work illustrates the feasibility of the use of the nested modeling technique for long-term regional climate simulation. 43 refs., 19 figs., 6 tabs.
Giorgi, F.; Brodeur, C.S.; Bates, G.T. (National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States))
For RHIC's collision lattices the dominant sources of transverse non-linearities are located in the interaction regions. The field quality is available for most of the magnets in the interaction regions from the magnetic measurements, or from extrapolations of these measurements. We discuss the implementation of these measurements in the MADX models of the Blue and the Yellow rings and their impact on beam stability.
Short-Term Energy Outlook Model Documentation: Regional Residential Heating Oil Price Model
The regional residential heating oil price module of the Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) model is designed to provide residential retail price forecasts for the 4 census regions: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West.
Short-Term Energy Outlook Model Documentation: Regional Residential Propane Price Model
The regional residential propane price module of the Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) model is designed to provide residential retail price forecasts for the 4 census regions: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West.
Potential bias of model projected greenhouse warming in irrigated regions
Atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) used to project climate responses to increased CO{sub 2} generally omit irrigation of agricultural land. Using the NCAR CAM3 GCM coupled to a slab-ocean model, we find that inclusion of an extreme irrigation scenario has a small effect on the simulated temperature and precipitation response to doubled CO{sub 2} in most regions, but reduced warming by as much as 1 C in some agricultural regions, such as Europe and India. This interaction between CO{sub 2} and irrigation occurs in cases where agriculture is a major fraction of the land surface and where, in the absence of irrigation, soil moisture declines are projected to provide a positive feedback to temperature change. The reduction of warming is less than 25% of the temperature increase modeled for doubled CO{sub 2} in most regions; thus greenhouse warming will still be dominant. However, the results indicate that land use interactions may be an important component of climate change uncertainty in some agricultural regions. While irrigated lands comprise only {approx}2% of the land surface, they contribute over 40% of global food production. Climate changes in these regions are therefore particularly important to society despite their relatively small contribution to average global climate.
Lobell, D; Bala, G; Bonfils, C; Duffy, P
Forecasting the Skill of a Regional Numerical Weather Prediction Model
It is demonstrated that the skill of short-term regional numerical forecasts can be predicted on a day-to-day basis. This was achieved by using a statistical regression scheme with the model forecast errors (MFE) as the predictands and the ...
L. M. Leslie; K. Fraedrich; T. J. Glowacki
The Climatological Skill of a Regional Model over Complex Terrain
As part of an ongoing study of the regional climate and hydrology of the southwestern United States, in this paper we investigate the systematic biases of two versions of the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model (MM4). These are a standard version and one ...
Filippo Giorgi; Gary T. Bates
Reference wind farm selection for regional wind power prediction models
1 Reference wind farm selection for regional wind power prediction models Nils Siebert firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Abstract Short-term wind power forecasting is recognized today as a major requirement for a secure and economic integration of wind generation in power systems. This paper deals
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Can Regional Climate Models Represent the Indian Monsoon?
The ability of four regional climate models (RCMs) to represent the Indian monsoon was verified in a consistent framework for the period 1981�2000 using the 45-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) as ...
Philippe Lucas-Picher; Jens H. Christensen; Fahad Saeed; Pankaj Kumar; Shakeel Asharaf; Bodo Ahrens; Andrew J. Wiltshire; Daniela Jacob; Stefan Hagemann
Modeling Air�Land�Sea Interactions Using the Integrated Regional Model System in Monterey Bay, California
The air�land�sea interaction in the vicinity of Monterey Bay, California, is simulated and investigated using a new Integrated Regional Model System (I-RMS). This new model realistically resolves coastal processes and submesoscale features that ...
Yu-Heng Tseng; Shou-Hung Chien; Jiming Jin; Norman L. Miller
Regional Climate Models Add Value to Global Model Data: A Review and Selected Examples
An important challenge in current climate modeling is to realistically describe small-scale weather statistics, such as topographic precipitation and coastal wind patterns, or regional phenomena like polar lows. Global climate models simulate atmospheric ...
Frauke Feser; Burkhardt Rockel; Hans von Storch; J�rg Winterfeldt; Matthias Zahn
Trajectory Analysis and Semantic Region Modeling Using A Nonparametric Bayesian Model
We propose a novel nonparametric Bayesian model, Dual Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes (Dual-HDP), for trajectory analysis and semantic region modeling in surveillance settings, in an unsupervised way. In our approach, ...
Grimson, Eric
Model of the Regional Coupled Earth system (MORCE): Application to process and climate studies in vulnerable regions
The vulnerability of human populations and natural systems and their ability to adapt to extreme events and climate change vary with geographic regions and populations. Regional climate models (RCM), composed by an atmospheric component coupled to a ... Keywords: CORDEX, ChArMeX, Climate modeling, HyMeX, Impact studies, MORCE platform, MerMeX, Mesoscale process, Regional Earth system
Philippe Drobinski; Alesandro Anav; Cindy Lebeaupin Brossier; Guillaume Samson; Marc St�fanon; Sophie Bastin; M�lika Baklouti; Karine B�ranger; Jonathan Beuvier; Romain Bourdall�-Badie; Laure Coquart; Fabio D'Andrea; Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudr�; Fr�d�ric Diaz; Jean-Claude Dutay; Christian Ethe; Marie-Alice Foujols; Dmitry Khvorostyanov; Gurvan Madec; Martial Mancip; S�bastien Masson; Laurent Menut; Julien Palmieri; Jan Polcher; Sol�ne Turquety; Sophie Valcke; Nicolas Viovy
A model for the ATW target region fluid dynamics
In the Los Alamos National Laboratory's concept for the accelerator transmutation of waste (ATW), a lead-bismuth eutectic has been chosen as a spallation target for the proton beam. Because of the high local heat fluxes anticipated, the target is in liquid form to facilitate heat removal. The upper boundary of the target region is a hard vacuum. The primary purpose of the analysis is to determine the location of the flow boundary based on the target design parameters. This method of analysis should prove to be useful for performing preliminary scoping and design of the ATW target region's fluid dynamics. Eventually, this model should be tested against experimental data.
Rider, W.J.; Cappiello, M.W. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States))
Regional forecasting with global atmospheric models; Final report
The purpose of the project was to conduct model simulations for past and future climate change with respect to the proposed Yucca Mtn. repository. The authors report on three main topics, one of which is boundary conditions for paleo-hindcast studies. These conditions are necessary for the conduction of three to four model simulations. The boundary conditions have been prepared for future runs. The second topic is (a) comparing the atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) with observations and other GCMs; and (b) development of a better precipitation data base for the Yucca Mtn. region for comparisons with models. These tasks have been completed. The third topic is preliminary assessments of future climate change. Energy balance model (EBM) simulations suggest that the greenhouse effect will likely dominate climate change at Yucca Mtn. for the next 10,000 years. The EBM study should improve rational choice of GCM CO{sub 2} scenarios for future climate change.
Crowley, T.J.; Smith, N.R. [Applied Research Corp., College Station, TX (United States)
Regional Economic Impacts of Electric Drive Vehicles and Technologies: Case Study of the Greater Cleveland Area
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which combine desirable aspects of battery electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, offer owners the advantages of increased fuel efficiency and lower annual fuel bills without concern for dead batteries, long recharge time, or limited range. This study examines the potential regional economic impacts due to increasing electric transportation in the Greater Cleveland Area (GCA). By applying regional input-output (RIO) analysis, the study determines the imp...
Regional-Scale Climate Change: Observations and Model Simulations
This collaborative proposal addressed key issues in understanding the Earth�??s climate system, as highlighted by the U.S. Climate Science Program. The research focused on documenting past climatic changes and on assessing future climatic changes based on suites of global and regional climate models. Geographically, our emphasis was on the mountainous regions of the world, with a particular focus on the Neotropics of Central America and the Hawaiian Islands. Mountain regions are zones where large variations in ecosystems occur due to the strong climate zonation forced by the topography. These areas are particularly susceptible to changes in critical ecological thresholds, and we conducted studies of changes in phonological indicators based on various climatic thresholds.
Raymond S. Bradley; Henry F. Diaz
Turbulent convection models (TCMs) are thought to be good tools to deal with the convective overshooting in the stellar interior. However, they are too complex to be applied to calculations of stellar structure and evolution. In order to understand the physical processes of the convective overshooting and to simplify the application of TCMs, a semi-analytic solution is necessary. We obtain the approximate solution and asymptotic solution of the TCM in the overshooting region, and find some important properties of the convective overshooting. (1) The overshooting region can be partitioned into three parts: a thin region just outside the convective boundary with high efficiency of turbulent heat transfer, a power-law dissipation region of turbulent kinetic energy in the middle, and a thermal dissipation area with rapidly decreasing turbulent kinetic energy. The decaying indices of the turbulent correlations k, u{sub r}'T'-bar, and T'T'-bar are only determined by the parameters of the TCM, and there is an equilibrium value of the anisotropic degree {omega}. (2) The overshooting length of the turbulent heat flux u{sub r}'T'-bar is about 1H{sub k} (H{sub k} = |dr/dln k|). (3) The value of the turbulent kinetic energy at the convective boundary k{sub C} can be estimated by a method called the maximum of diffusion. Turbulent correlations in the overshooting region can be estimated by using k{sub C} and exponentially decreasing functions with the decaying indices.
Zhang, Q. S.; Li, Y., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 110, Kunming 650011 (China)
A database approach to information retrieval: The remarkable relationship between language models and region models
In this report, we unify two quite distinct approaches to information retrieval: region models and language models. Region models were developed for structured document retrieval. They provide a well-defined behaviour as well as a simple query language that allows application developers to rapidly develop applications. Language models are particularly useful to reason about the ranking of search results, and for developing new ranking approaches. The unified model allows application developers to define complex language modeling approaches as logical queries on a textual database. We show a remarkable one-to-one relationship between region queries and the language models they represent for a wide variety of applications: simple ad-hoc search, cross-language retrieval, video retrieval, and web search.
Hiemstra, Djoerd
Drum type fossil fueled power plant control based on fuzzy inverse MIMO model
In this paper, a new fuzzy controller is proposed based on inverse model of boiler-turbine system. Gain scheduling scheme is used to keep feedback rule as close as possible to optimal condition while generating plant Input/Output data. Interaction between ... Keywords: ANFIS, drum type fossil fueled power plant (FFPP), interaction, inverse model control, nonlinear model, robustness
Ali Ghaffari; Mansour Nikkhah Bahrami; Hesam Parsa
Defining and applying prediction performance metrics on a recurrent NARX time series model
Nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (NARMAX) models have been successfully demonstrated for modeling the input-output behavior of many complex systems. This paper deals with the proposition of a scheme to provide time series ... Keywords: NARX models, Prediction performance metrics, Recurrent radial basis function network, Time series prediction
Ryad Zemouri; Rafael Gouriveau; Noureddine Zerhouni
Natural Gas Transmission and Distribution Model of the National Energy Modeling System. Volume 1
The Natural Gas Transmission and Distribution Model (NGTDM) is the component of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) that is used to represent the domestic natural gas transmission and distribution system. The NGTDM is the model within the NEMS that represents the transmission, distribution, and pricing of natural gas. The model also includes representations of the end-use demand for natural gas, the production of domestic natural gas, and the availability of natural gas traded on the international market based on information received from other NEMS models. The NGTDM determines the flow of natural gas in an aggregate, domestic pipeline network, connecting domestic and foreign supply regions with 12 demand regions. The purpose of this report is to provide a reference document for model analysts, users, and the public that defines the objectives of the model, describes its basic design, provides detail on the methodology employed, and describes the model inputs, outputs, and key assumptions. Subsequent chapters of this report provide: an overview of NGTDM; a description of the interface between the NEMS and NGTDM; an overview of the solution methodology of the NGTDM; the solution methodology for the Annual Flow Module; the solution methodology for the Distributor Tariff Module; the solution methodology for the Capacity Expansion Module; the solution methodology for the Pipeline Tariff Module; and a description of model assumptions, inputs, and outputs.
Assessment of the Performance of CORDEX Regional Climate Models in Simulating Eastern Africa Rainfall
This study evaluates the ability of ten Regional Climate Models (RCMs) from the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) in simulating the characteristics of rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa region. The seasonal ...
Hussen Seid Endris; Philip Omondi; Suman Jain; Christopher Lennard; Bruce Hewitson; Ladislaus Chang�a; J. L. Awange; Alessandro Dosio; Patrick Ketiem; Grigory Nikulin; Hans-J�rgen Panitz; Matthias B�chner; Frode Stordal; Lukiya Tazalika
Improvement of snowpack simulations in a regional climate model
To improve simulations of regional-scale snow processes and related cold-season hydroclimate, the Community Land Model version 3 (CLM3), developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), was coupled with the Pennsylvania State University/NCAR fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). CLM3 physically describes the mass and heat transfer within the snowpack using five snow layers that include liquid water and solid ice. The coupled MM5�CLM3 model performance was evaluated for the snowmelt season in the Columbia River Basin in the Pacific Northwestern United States using gridded temperature and precipitation observations, along with station observations. The results from MM5�CLM3 show a significant improvement in the SWE simulation, which has been underestimated in the original version of MM5 coupled with the Noah land-surface model. One important cause for the underestimated SWE in Noah is its unrealistic land-surface structure configuration where vegetation, snow and the topsoil layer are blended when snow is present. This study demonstrates the importance of the sheltering effects of the forest canopy on snow surface energy budgets, which is included in CLM3. Such effects are further seen in the simulations of surface air temperature and precipitation in regional weather and climate models such as MM5. In addition, the snow-season surface albedo overestimated by MM5�Noah is now more accurately predicted by MM5�CLM3 using a more realistic albedo algorithm that intensifies the solar radiation absorption on the land surface, reducing the strong near-surface cold bias in MM5�Noah. The cold bias is further alleviated due to a slower snowmelt rate in MM5�CLM3 during the early snowmelt stage, which is closer to observations than the comparable components of MM5�Noah. In addition, the over-predicted precipitation in the Pacific Northwest as shown in MM5�Noah is significantly decreased in MM5 CLM3 due to the lower evaporation resulting from the longer snow duration.
Jin, J.; Miller, N.L.
A Global, Multi-Resolution Approach to Regional Ocean Modeling
In this collaborative research project between Pennsylvania State University, Colorado State University and Florida State University, we mainly focused on developing multi-resolution algorithms which are suitable to regional ocean modeling. We developed hybrid implicit and explicit adaptive multirate time integration method to solve systems of time-dependent equations that present two signi#12;cantly di#11;erent scales. We studied the e#11;ects of spatial simplicial meshes on the stability and the conditioning of fully discrete approximations. We also studies adaptive #12;nite element method (AFEM) based upon the Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (CVT) and superconvergent gradient recovery. Some of these techniques are now being used by geoscientists(such as those at LANL).
Du, Qiang
The 1988 and 1990 Summer Season Simulations for West Africa Using a Regional Climate Model
Simulations have been undertaken using a regional climate model (RegCM2) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research for the West African growing season (June�September) periods of 1988 and 1990. The regional climate model ...
Gregory S. Jenkins
Transient Future Climate over the Western United States Using a Regional Climate Model
Regional climate models (RCMs) have improved our understanding of the effects of global climate change on specific regions. The need for realistic forcing has led to the use of fully coupled global climate models (GCMs) to produce boundary ...
Mark A. Snyder; Lisa C. Sloan
Application of Scale-Selective Data Assimilation to Regional Climate Modeling and Prediction
A method referred to as scale-selective data assimilation (SSDA) is designed to inject the large-scale components of the atmospheric circulation from a global model into a regional model to improve regional climate simulations and predictions. ...
Shiqiu Peng; Lian Xie; Bin Liu; Fredrick Semazzi
The Impact of Spectral Nudging on Cloud Simulation with a Regional Atmospheric Model
The impact of spectral nudging on cloud simulation with a regional atmospheric model was examined. Simulated cloudiness of the Regional Model (REMO) and the Spectrally Nudged REMO (SN-REMO) were intercompared and evaluated with satellite-derived ...
Insa Meinke; Beate Geyer; Frauke Feser; Hans von Storch
A bootstrapped robust data envelopment analysis model for efficiency estimating of telecommunication companies in Iran
One of the primary concerns in measuring the relative efficiency of a telecommunication unit compared with other similar units is the uncertainty on input/output data. In this paper, a bootstrapped robust data envelopment analysis (BRDEA) model is proposed ... Keywords: Bootstrap, Data envelopment analysis, Robust optimization
S. J. Sadjadi; H. Omrani
The Scripps Coupled Ocean�Atmosphere Regional (SCOAR) Model, with Applications in the Eastern Pacific Sector
A regional coupled ocean�atmosphere model is introduced. It is designed to admit the air�sea feedbacks arising in the presence of an oceanic mesoscale eddy field. It consists of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Regional Spectral ...
Hyodae Seo; Arthur J. Miller; John O. Roads
A Split Explicit Reformulation of the Regional Numerical Weather Prediction Model of the Japan Meteorological Agency
The split explicit integration scheme for numerical weather prediction models is employed in a version of the regional numerical weather prediction model of the Japan Meteorological Agency. The finite-difference scheme of the model is designed in ...
Dean G. Duffy
Evaluation of the Surface Climatology over the Conterminous United States in the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program Hindcast Experiment Using a Regional Climate Model Evaluation System
Surface air temperature, precipitation, and insolation over the conterminous United States region from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) regional climate model (RCM) hindcast study are evaluated using the Jet ...
Jinwon Kim; Duane E. Waliser; Chris A. Mattmann; Linda O. Mearns; Cameron E. Goodale; Andrew F. Hart; Dan J. Crichton; Seth McGinnis; Huikyo Lee; Paul C. Loikith; Maziyar Boustani
Regional load curve models: specification and estimation of the DRI Model. Final report. [Forecasts of electric loads in 32 US regions
The DRI Model of hourly load curves is developed in this report. The model is capable of producing long-term forecasts for 32 US regions. These regions were created by aggregating hourly system load data from 146 electric utilities. These utilities supply approximately 95% of all electricity consumed in the continental US. The model forecasts electricity demands for each hour of the year for each of the 32 regions. Model output includes forecasts of peak demands, megawatt hour demands, load factors, and load duration curves. The DRI Model is estimated in two stages. In the first stage, for each region and month, hourly electricity demands are parameterized into load components representing the effects of lifestyles and weather on regional loads through a time-series model. In the second stage, the variation in these parameterized load components across months and regions is modeled econometrically in terms of energy prices, income levels, appliance saturation rates, and other variables. The second-stage models are essentially models of electricity demand which are estimated using estimated first-stage parameters as dependent variables, instead of observed demands. Regional price and income demand elasticities are implied by the second-stage models. Moreover, since the dependent variables refer to particular hours of the day, these estimated elasticities are hour-specific. (Since prices did not vary over the day in years when hourly load data were available, hour-to-hour, cross-price elasticities were not estimated.) Integrated system hourly load forecasts are obtained combining the influences of individual customer classes. Finally, approximate customer class hourly load shapes can be produced for each region, though these series may be useful only in research endeavors since they lack the precision available through survey methods.
Platt, H.D.; Einhorn, M.A.; Ignelzi, P.C.; Poirier, D.J.
NREL: Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model - Documentation...
Assumptions Model Parameters, Variables, and Equations Appendix Printable Version ReEDS Home Model Description Unique Value Documentation Publications NREL is a national...
Abstract: Critical Region Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Model of ...
Two distinct thermodynamic models, the modified Leung-Griffiths (MLG) model ... three iterations, the two correlations are in basic agreement except ...
Impact of Ingesting Satellite-Derived Cloud Cover into the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System
This study investigates the extent to which assimilating high-resolution remotely sensed cloud cover into the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) provides an improved regional diagnosis of downward short- and longwave surface radiation ...
Ismail Yucel; W. James Shuttleworth; R. T. Pinker; L. Lu; S. Sorooshian
Greenhouse Gas�Induced Changes in Summer Precipitation over Colorado in NARCCAP Regional Climate Models
Precipitation changes between 32-yr periods in the late twentieth and mid-twenty-first centuries are investigated using regional climate model simulations provided by the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). The ...
Michael A. Alexander; James D. Scott; Kelly Mahoney; Joseph Barsugli
Greenhouse Gas Induced Changes in Summer Precipitation over Colorado in NARCCAP Regional Climate Models
Precipitation changes between 32-year periods in the late-20th and mid-21st centuries are investigated using regional climate model simulations provided by the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). The simulations ...
Modeling Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Fiji Region as a Binary Classification Problem
This study presents a binary classification model for the prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga regions (the FST region) using the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) as a proxy of TC activity. A probit regression ...
Savin S. Chand; Kevin J. E. Walsh
Two-Year Simulation of the Great Lakes Region with a Coupled Modeling System
In this paper, we report on an experiment aimed at evaluating the feasibility of the application of our coupled regional climate modeling system to long-term climate simulations over the Great Lakes region. The simulation analyzed covers a ...
Gary T. Bates; Steven W. Hostetler; Filippo Giorgi
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Biasi, Et
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Biasi, Et Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Biasi, Et Al., 2009) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Biasi, Et Al., 2009) Exploration Activity Details Location Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness useful regional reconnaissance DOE-funding Unknown References Glenn Biasi, Leiph Preston, Ileana Tibuleac (2009) Body Wave Tomography For Regional Scale Assessment Of Geothermal Indicators In The Western Great Basin Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Modeling-Computer_Simulations_At_Northern_Basin_%26_Range_Region_(Biasi,_Et_Al.,_2009)&oldid=40142
Does Nudging Squelch the Extremes in Regional Climate Modeling?
An important question in regional climate downscaling is whether to constrain (nudge) the interior of the limited-area domain toward the larger-scale driving fields. Prior research has demonstrated that interior nudging can increase the skill of ...
Tanya L. Otte; Christopher G. Nolte; Martin J. Otte; Jared H. Bowden
Configuration and Evaluation of the WRF Model for the Study of Hawaiian Regional Climate
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model V3.3 has been configured for the Hawaiian Islands as a regional climate model for the region (HRCM). This paper documents the model configuration and presents a preliminary evaluation based on a ...
Chunxi Zhang; Yuqing Wang; Axel Lauer; Kevin Hamilton
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Biasi, Et Al.,
Biasi, Et Al., Biasi, Et Al., 2009) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Biasi, Et Al., 2009) Exploration Activity Details Location Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness useful regional reconnaissance DOE-funding Unknown References Glenn Biasi, Leiph Preston, Ileana Tibuleac (2009) Body Wave Tomography For Regional Scale Assessment Of Geothermal Indicators In The Western Great Basin Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Modeling-Computer_Simulations_At_Nw_Basin_%26_Range_Region_(Biasi,_Et_Al.,_2009)&oldid=401461" Categories: Exploration Activities DOE Funded
Modeling-Computer Simulations At U.S. West Region (Williams ...
Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Modeling-Computer Simulations At U.S. West Region (Williams & Deangelo, 2008) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL...
Modeling-Computer Simulations At U.S. West Region (Sabin, Et...
Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon Modeling-Computer Simulations At U.S. West Region (Sabin, Et Al., 2004) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL...
Regional Models of the Atmosphere in Middle Latitudes
This review describes recent development in operational and research limited-area numerical weather prediction models in middle latitudes. The current skill of limited-area models is summarized through the use of conventional measures of ...
Richard A. Anthes
Exploring Perturbed Physics Ensembles in a Regional Climate Model
Perturbed physics ensembles (PPEs) have been widely used to assess climate model uncertainties and have provided new estimates of climate sensitivity and parametric uncertainty in state-of-the-art climate models. So far, mainly global climate ...
Omar Bellprat; Sven Kotlarski; Daniel L�thi; Christoph Sch�r
NREL: Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) Models - Limitations of
Limitations of JEDI Models Limitations of JEDI Models Results are an estimate, not a precise forecast. The Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) models are input-output based models, also appropriately called calculators or screening tools. As such, they share important limitations with all models based on input-output calculation methodologies. For the interested user, the Environmental Protection Agency recently published EPA Assessing the Multiple Benefits of Clean Energy: A Resource for States1, which discusses and compares different types of models and screening tools for assessing economic impacts and jobs, including JEDI (see Chapter 5, pp. 136-142). The most important limitation to note is that JEDI results are estimates, not precise forecasts, for the following reasons.
Regional Climate Change Scenarios over the United States Produced with a Nested Regional Climate Model
In this paper two continuous 3�-year-long climate simulations over the continental United States are discussed, one for present-day conditions and one for conditions under double carbon dioxide concentration, conducted with a limited area model (...
Filippo Giorgi; Christine Shields Brodeur; Gary T. Bates
Examining Interior Grid Nudging Techniques Using Two-Way Nesting in the WRF Model for Regional Climate Modeling
This study evaluates interior nudging techniques using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for regional climate modeling over the conterminous United States (CONUS) using a two-way nested configuration. NCEP�Department of Energy ...
Jared H. Bowden; Tanya L. Otte; Christopher G. Nolte; Martin J. Otte
Regional Climate Model Projections and Uncertainties of U.S. Summer Heat Waves
Regional climate model (RCM) simulations, driven by low and high climate-sensitivity coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) under various future emissions scenarios, were compared to projected changes in heat wave characteristics. The RCM ...
Kenneth E. Kunkel; Xin-Zhong Liang; Jinhong Zhu
Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting for the Tennessee and Cumberland River Watersheds Using the NCEP Regional Spectral Model
A limited-area spectral model�the Regional Spectral Model�developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction is used to prepare daily quantitative precipitation forecasts out to 48 h for the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins in ...
Qi Mao; Stephen F. Mueller; Hann-Ming Henry Juang
A Vertically Nested Regional Numerical Weather Prediction Model with Second-Order Closure Physics
The model we describe involves a unique strategy in which a high vertical resolution grid is nested within the coarse vertical resolution grid of a regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. Physics computations performed on the high ...
Stephen D. Burk; William T. Thompson
Can a Regional Climate Model Improve the Ability to Forecast the North American Monsoon?
Global climate models are challenged to represent the North American monsoon, in terms of its climatology and interannual variability. To investigate whether a regional atmospheric model can improve warm season forecasts in North America, a ...
Christopher L. Castro; Hsin-I Chang; Francina Dominguez; Carlos Carrillo; Jae-Kyung Schemm; Hann-Ming Henry Juang
The Representation of Atmospheric Motion in Models of Regional-Scale Air Pollution
A method is developed for generating ensembles of wind fields for use in regional scale (1000 km) models of transport and diffusion. The underlying objective is a methodology for representing atmospheric motion in applied air pollution models ...
Robert G. Lamb; Saroj K. Hati
Streamflow Data from Small Basins: A Challenging Test to High-Resolution Regional Climate Modeling
Land surface models and large-scale hydrological models provide the basis for studying impacts of climate and anthropogenic changes on continental- to regional-scale hydrology. Hence, there is a need for comparison and validation of simulated ...
Kerstin Stahl; Lena M. Tallaksen; Lukas Gudmundsson; Jens H. Christensen
Addressing the Issue of Systematic Errors in a Regional Climate Model
A methodology is proposed in which a few prognostic variables of a regional climate model (RCM) are strongly constrained at certain wavelengths to what is prescribed from the bias-corrected atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM; driver ...
Vasubandhu Misra
Thermodynamics of the Madden�Julian Oscillation in a Regional Model with Constrained Moisture
To identify the main thermodynamic processes that sustain the Madden�Julian oscillation (MJO), an eddy available potential energy budget analysis is performed on a regional model simulation with moisture constrained by observations. The model ...
Samson Hagos; L. Ruby Leung; Jimy Dudhia
A One-Level, Mesoscale Model for Diagnosing Surface Winds in Mountainous and Coastal Regions
This paper describes a one-level, sigma-coordinate, mesoscale model suitable for diagnosing surface winds in mountainous and coastal regions. The model requires only modest computer resources and needs little data for initialization. Energy and ...
Clifford F. Mass; David P. Dempsey
Investigation of Wave Growth and Decay in the SWAN Model: Three Regional-Scale Applications
Wave growth and decay characteristics in a typical wave action model [Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN)] are investigated in this paper. This study is motivated by generally poor agreement between model results and measurements for a regional-...
W. Erick Rogers; Paul A. Hwang; David W. Wang
Dual Estimates of the Optimal Plan Model and Regional Market Costs: A Relationship
The relationship between linear programming dual estimates for the optimal production plan model and real regional market costs is studied. A two-stage linear programming model is necessary for exact approximation of cost allocation in analyzing with ...
Yu. M. Tsodikov; Ya. Yu. Tsodikova
An Application of an Explicit Microphysics Mesoscale Model to a Regional Icing Event
A hydrostatic regional prediction model is modified to permit the existence of both liquid and ice hydrometeors within the same grid volume. The modified model includes an efficient ice-water saturation adjustment and a simple procedure to create ...
George D. Modica; Scot T. Heckman; Roy M. Rasmussen
Comparison of Cumulus Parameterizations and Entrainment Using Domain-Mean Wind Divergence in a Regional Model
Several different cumulus parameterizations are compared in a 10-day regional model simulation over the tropical Americas in northern summer. A simple bulk diagnostic test is devised, comparing the model's preferred domain-mean wind divergence ...
Brian E. Mapes; Thomas T. Warner; Mei Xu; David J. Gochis
Simulation of Summer Monsoon Climate over East Asia with an NCAR Regional Climate Model
A summertime season climate over east Asia is simulated with a regional climate model (RegCM) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to validate the model's capability to produce the basic characteristics of monsoon ...
Yongqiang Liu; Filippo Giorgi; Warren M. Washington
A Diagnostic Analysis of a Long-Term Regional Air Pollutant Transport Model
Predicted concentrations from the Regional Air Pollutant Transport (RAPT) model are compared with the corresponding observed values of sulfate, and the results used to define strengths and weaknesses in the model formulation.
Daniel J. McNaughton; Carl M. Berkowitz; Robert C. Williams
Implementation of an Urban Parameterization Scheme into the Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM
As the nonhydrostatic regional model of the Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling in Climate Mode (COSMO-CLM) is increasingly employed for studying the effects of urbanization on the environment, the authors extend its surface-layer ...
Kristina Trusilova; Barbara Fr�h; Susanne Brienen; Andreas Walter; Val�ry Masson; Gr�goire Pigeon; Paul Becker
A Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Regional Climate Model: The Canadian RCM
A new regional climate model (RCM) is presented in this paper and its performance is investigated through a pair of 60-day simulations. This new model is based on the dynamical formulation of the Cooperative Centre for Research in Mesometeorology ...
Daniel Caya; Ren� Laprise
Large-Scale Atmospheric Forcing by Southeast Pacific Boundary Layer Clouds: A Regional Model Study
A regional model is used to study the radiative effect of boundary layer clouds over the southeast Pacific on large-scale atmosphere circulation during August�October 1999. With the standard settings, the model simulates reasonably well the large-...
Yuqing Wang; Shang-Ping Xie; Bin Wang; Haiming Xu
Modeling Regional Electricity Generation - U.S. Energy Information ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
... satisfactorily for historical 2004 and preliminary 2006 data The model is capable of capturing seasonal fluctuations Shape of load curves (max and min ...
Regional & Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program | U.S. DOE...
Office of Science (SC) Website
System Research (ASR) Program Data Management Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) Integrated Assessment of...
Regional forecasting with global atmospheric models; Third year report
This report was prepared by the Applied Research Corporation (ARC), College Station, Texas, under subcontract to Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) as part of a global climate studies task. The task supports site characterization work required for the selection of a potential high-level nuclear waste repository and is part of the Performance Assessment Scientific Support (PASS) Program at PNL. The work is under the overall direction of the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM), US Department of Energy Headquarters, Washington, DC. The scope of the report is to present the results of the third year`s work on the atmospheric modeling part of the global climate studies task. The development testing of computer models and initial results are discussed. The appendices contain several studies that provide supporting information and guidance to the modeling work and further details on computer model development. Complete documentation of the models, including user information, will be prepared under separate reports and manuals.
Crowley, T.J.; North, G.R.; Smith, N.R. [Applied Research Corp., College Station, TX (United States)
The development of a regional geomagnetic daily variation model using neural networks
The development of a regional geomagnetic daily variation model using neural networks P. R. Sutclie: 28 June 1999 / Accepted: 20 July 1999 Abstract. Global and regional geomagnetic ®eld models give the components of the geomagnetic ®eld as func- tions of position and epoch; most utilise a polynomial or Fourier
Improving the simulation of the West African Monsoon using the MIT Regional Climate Model
This paper presents an evaluation of the performance of the MIT Regional Climate Model (MRCM) in simulating the West African Monsoon. MRCM is built on Regional Climate Model Version 3 (RegCM3) but with several improvements; including coupling of ...
Eun-Soon Im; Rebecca L. Gianotti; Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
Fog Forecasting for the Southern Region: A Conceptual Model Approach
The prediction of fog occurrence, extent, duration, and intensity remains difficult despite improvements in numerical guidance and modeling of the fog phenomenon. This is because of the dependency of fog on microphysical and mesoscale processes ...
Paul J. Croft; Russell L. Pfost; Jeffrey M. Medlin; G. Alan Johnson
Regional Climate�Weather Research and Forecasting Model
The CWRF is developed as a climate extension of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) by incorporating numerous improvements in the representation of physical processes and integration of external (top, surface, lateral) forcings that are ...
Xin-Zhong Liang; Min Xu; Xing Yuan; Tiejun Ling; Hyun I. Choi; Feng Zhang; Ligang Chen; Shuyan Liu; Shenjian Su; Fengxue Qiao; Yuxiang He; Julian X. L. Wang; Kenneth E. Kunkel; Wei Gao; Everette Joseph; Vernon Morris; Tsann-Wang Yu; Jimy Dudhia; John Michalakes
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Pritchett,
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Pritchett, Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Pritchett, 2004) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Pritchett, 2004) Exploration Activity Details Location Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown References J. W. Pritchett (2004) Finding Hidden Geothermal Resources In The Basin And Range Using Electrical Survey Techniques- A Computational Feasibility Study Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Modeling-Computer_Simulations_At_Northern_Basin_%26_Range_Region_(Pritchett,_2004)&oldid=401423"
Modeling-Computer Simulations At General Us Region (Goff & Decker, 1983) |
Us Region (Goff & Decker, 1983) Us Region (Goff & Decker, 1983) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer Simulations At General Us Region (Goff & Decker, 1983) Exploration Activity Details Location General Us Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Review and identification of 24 potential sites for EGS development across the U.S., as well as modeling of the representative geologic systems in which promising EGS sites occur. References Fraser Goff, Edward R. Decker (1983) Candidate Sites For Future Hot Dry Rock Development In The United States Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Modeling-Computer_Simulations_At_General_Us_Region_(Goff_%26_Decker,_1983)&oldid=38761
Estimating the Effects on the Regional Precipitation Climate in a Semiarid Region Caused by an Artificial Lake Using a Mesoscale Model
The effects on the regional precipitation climate by the construction of an artificial lake, in a semiarid region are studied. The study is performed using a mesoscale model to identify the larger-scale meteorological conditions when ...
Leif Enger; Michael Tjernstr�m
APPENDIX B: Input/Output Matrix revised 04/24/2007
technology for distributed systems using natural gas with projected cost of $3.00/kg hydrogen at the pump assessment of Standards requirements for metallic and composite bulk storage tanks. 3 2006 2 1,3,5,6 5 1, 2 composition and issues. 4 2006 2,4,5,6 1 2 Fuel Cells F3 Provide automotive stack test data from documented
Enhanced input/output architecture for toroidally-connected distributed-memory parallel computers
This patent describes an improvement in a toroidally-connected distributed-memory parallel computer having rows and columns of processors, wherein each processor has an independent memory and is connected to four neighboring processors. It comprises: at least one common I/O channel; a buffering mechanisms, each being connected to such I/O channel and to only one corresponding processor in a given row of processors; and each such processor of the given row being connected to only one corresponding buffer mechanism in such a manner that it can access its buffer mechanism independently of the access top such buffer mechanism by the I/O channel, and independently of access to the buffer mechanisms corresponding to other processors in the given row.
Cok, R.S.
An Input-Output Analysis of the Relationships between Communications and Travel for Industry
Industrial machinery manufacturing Commercial and service industry machinery HVAC and commercial refrigeration
Lee, Taihyeong; Mokhtarian, Patricia L
An Input-Output Analysis of the Relationships Between Communications and Travel for Industry
Industrial machinery manufacturing 50 and52* 50 and52* 50 and52* Commercial and service industry machinery HVAC and commercial refrigeration
Lee, Taihyeong; Mokhtarian, Patricia L.
for Spreadsheets in Excel (sample year 1992) Industry94 Industry Category 29 Direct I-O Coefficients (97 by 94)Make of Commodities by Industries 2. The Use of Industries
Make of Commodities by Industries 2. The Use of Industriesrelationships in industry. Transportation Research A 31A(for Classification of Industries in 1997 B. Comparison of
Characterization of nonlinear input-output systems using time series analysis
Data obtained from time series analysis has been used for a number of years for the characterization and response prediction of linear systems. This paper describes a time series technique for the analysis of nonlinear systems through the use of embeddings using delay coordinates or appropriate transformations of delay coordinates (local singular value decomposition or local canonical variate analysis). Local linear approaches are used to characterize the state evolution. Application of the technique is illustrated for a single degree of freedom oscillator with nonlinear stiffness, a mechanical chaos beam, and a climatic data time series. In each application analysis from measured data is emphasized. State rank, lyapunov exponents, and expected iterated prediction errors are quantified. The technique illustrated should be useful in the analysis of many forms of experimental data, especially where the state rank is not excessively large. 8 refs., 6 figs.
Hunter, N.F.; Theiler, J.
Dialog system for automatic data input/output and processing with two BESM-6 computers
This paper presents a system for conducting experiments with fully automatic processing of data from multichannel recorders in the dialog mode. The system acquires data at a rate of 2.5 . 10/sup 3/ readings/sec, processes in real time, and outputs digital and graphical material in a multitasking environment.
Belyaev, Y.N.; Gorlov, Y.P.; Makarychev, S.V.; Monakov, A.A.; Shcherbakov, S.A.
Using input-output techniques to address economic and energy issues in Malaysia
and gas: Can the result be interpreted as a change in kWh demand? (relative change) Import matrix and natural gas? · Which sectoral splits could be relevant for energy analyses? · Is it possible to identify). · First step is the extension of row dimension by one : The new row 67 is natural gas and rox 66
PRISM 2.0: Regional Energy and Economic Model Development and Initial Application, US-REGEN Model Documentation
The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has developed a new energy-economy model of the United States under the PRISM 2.0 project called the U.S. Regional Economy, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy (US-REGEN) Model. The model combines a detailed dispatch and capacity expansion model of the United States electric sector with a high-level dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the United States economy. ...
Modeling-Computer Simulations At U.S. West Region (Laney, 2005) | Open
Modeling-Computer Simulations At U.S. West Region Modeling-Computer Simulations At U.S. West Region (Laney, 2005) Exploration Activity Details Location U.S. West Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness useful regional reconnaissance DOE-funding Unknown Notes Characterization and Conceptual Modeling of Magmatically-Heated and Deep-Circulation, High-Temperature Hydrothermal Systems in the Basin and Range and Cordilleran United States, Moore, Nash, Nemcok, Lutz, Norton, Kaspereit, Berard, van de Putte, Johnson and Deymonaz. Utilizing a wealth of formerly proprietary subsurface samples and datasets for exemplary high-temperature western U.S. geothermal systems, develop and publish detailed and refined new conceptual and numerical hydrothermal-history models of fundamental scientific import but, more importantly, of use to
Modeling regional end user price/cost relationships in a widespread interconnected power system
A combined programming and regression modeling approach is developed to analyze regional retail price/cost relationships for a widespread interconnected power system characterized by low population density and uniform (regulated) retail tariffs. The programming model is designed to calculate on the hour the delivered cost of electricity from 5 thermal power stations and one pumped storage hydrostation to end users in 8 distribution regions. A simultaneous equation regression model then analyses the link between retail prices charged end users, regional demand and supply characteristics, industry financial objectives and departures from economically efficient pricing. The electricity supply industry in Queensland Australia is used as a framework.
Tamaschke, R.; Docwra, G.; Stillman, R. [Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland (Australia)
Analysis of Regional Climate Model Results for Simulations of Future Climates
Contemporary global climate models produce results that are too coarse to provide the level of detail required to evaluate environmental, social, and economic impacts of global climate change. High-resolution limited-area models (regional climate models) nested within the global model output have been used to create physically and spatially consistent climates with high spatial resolution. This report evaluates the effectiveness of these models.
Tectonic controls on magmatism in The Geysers--Clear Lake region: Evidence from new geophysical models
In order to study magmatism and geothermal systems in the Geysers-Clear Lake region, the authors developed a detailed three-dimensional tomographic velocity model based on local earthquakes. This high-resolution model resolves the velocity structure of the crust in the region to depths of approximately 12 km. The most significant velocity contrasts in The Geysers-Clear Lake region occur in the steam production area, where high velocities are associated with a Quaternary granite pluton, and in the Mount Hannah region, where low velocities occur in a 5-km-thick section of Mesozoic argillites. In addition, a more regional tomographic model was developed using traveltimes from earthquakes covering most of northern California. This regional model sampled the whole crust, but at a lower resolution than the local model. No large silicic magma chamber is noted in either the local or regional tomographic models. A three-dimensional gravity model also has ben developed in the area of the tomographic imaging. The gravity model demonstrates that all density contrasts can be accounted for in the upper 5--7 km of the crust. Two-dimensional magnetotelluric models of data from a regional east-west profile indicate high resistivities associated with the granitic pluton in The Geysers production area and low resistivities in the low-velocity section of Mesozoic argillites near Mount Hannah. No indication of midcrustal magma bodies is present in the magnetotelluric data. The geophysical models, seismicity patterns, distribution of volcanic vents, heat flow, and other data indicate that small, young intrusive bodies that were injected along a northeast trend from The Geysers to Clear Lake probably control the thermal regime.
Stanley, W.D.; Benz, H.M.; Villasenor, A.; Rodriguez, B.D. [Geological Survey, Denver, CO (United States). Denver Federal Center] [Geological Survey, Denver, CO (United States). Denver Federal Center; Walters, M.A. [CalEnergy Corp., Ridgecrest, CA (United States)] [CalEnergy Corp., Ridgecrest, CA (United States)
Principal UncertaintiesPrincipal Uncertainties Their Representation in the Regional Portfolio ModelTheir Representation in the Regional Portfolio Model
Electricity RequirementsElectricity Requirements Council Load Forecast and Portfolio Model Range 10000 15000 and Conservation Council for the Load Forecasting Advisory Committee Friday June 27, 2008 2 Overview Electricity RequirementsElectricity Requirements 5th Plan Non-DSI Price Effects Sales Forecasts 12000 14000
Regional load-curve models: scenario and forecast using the DRI model. Final report. [Forecasts of electric power loads in 32 US regions
Regional load curve models were constructed for 32 regions that have been created by aggregating hourly load data from 146 electric utilities. These utilities supply approximately 95% of the electricity consumed in the continental US. The 32 models forecast electricity demands by hour, 8784 regional load forecasts per year. Because projections are made for each hour in the year, contemporaneous forecasts are available for peak demands, megawatt hour demands, load factors, load duration curves, and typical load shapes. The forecast scenario is described and documented in this volume and the forecast resulting from the use of this scenario is presented. The highlights of this forecast are two observations: (1) peak demands will once again become winter phenomena. By the year 2000, 18 of the 32 regions peak in a winter month as compared with the 8 winter peaking regions in 1977. In the heating season, the model is responsive to the number of heating degree-hours, the penetration rate of electric heating equipment, and the rate at which this space conditioning equipment is utilized, which itself is functionally dependent on the level of real electricity prices and real incomes. Thus, as the penetration rate of electric heating equipment increases, winter season demands grow more rapidly than demands in other seasons and peaks begin to appear in winter months; and (2) load factors begin to increase in the forecast, reversing the trend which began in the early 1960s. Nationally, load factors do not leap upwards, instead they increase gradually from .609 in 1977 to .629 in the year 2000. The improvement is more consequential in some regions, with load factors increasing, at times, by .10 or more. In some regions, load factors continue to decline.
Platt, H.D.
A multi-region nonlinear age-size structured fish population model
The goal of this paper is to present a generic multi-region nonlinear age-size structured fish population model, and to assess its mathematical well-posedness. An initial-boundary-value problem is formulated. Existence and uniqueness of a positive weak solution is proved. Eventually, a comparison result is derived: the population of all regions decreases as the mortality rate increases in at least one region.
Faugeras, Blaise
Projections of a Wetter Sahel in the Twenty-First Century from Global and Regional Models
Confident regional-scale climate change predictions for the Sahel are needed to support adaptation planning. State-of-the-art regional climate model (RCM) simulations at 90- and 30-km resolutions are run and analyzed along with output from five ...
Edward K. Vizy; Kerry H. Cook; Julien Cr�tat; Naresh Neupane
Nicaragua-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model
Nicaragua-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Nicaragua-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Jump to: navigation, search Name Nicaragua-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Agency/Company /Organization World Watch Institute Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics Background analysis, Implementation, Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Website http://www.worldwatch.org/node Country Nicaragua Central America References Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model[1] Overview "This project will design a unified low-carbon development strategy for Central America through the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency maps, followed by technical, economic, and social feasibility studies for
Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model | Open
Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Jump to: navigation, search Name Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Agency/Company /Organization World Watch Institute Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics Background analysis, Implementation, Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Website http://www.worldwatch.org/node Country Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama Central America, Central America, Central America, Central America, Central America, Central America, Central America References Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model[1] Overview "This project will design a unified low-carbon development strategy for
Honduras-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model |
Honduras-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Honduras-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Jump to: navigation, search Name Honduras-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Agency/Company /Organization World Watch Institute Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics Background analysis, Implementation, Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Website http://www.worldwatch.org/node Country Honduras Central America References Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model[1] Overview "This project will design a unified low-carbon development strategy for Central America through the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency maps, followed by technical, economic, and social feasibility studies for
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Laney, 2005) |
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Laney, 2005) Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Laney, 2005) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Laney, 2005) Exploration Activity Details Location Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes Assembling Crustal Geophysical Data for Geothermal Exploration in the Great Basin, Louie and Coolbaugh. We have compiled velocity information from sources in the literature, results of previous seismic experiments and earthquake-monitoring projects, and data donated from mining, geothermal, and petroleum companies. We also collected (May 2002 and August 2004) two
Costa Rica-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model
Costa Rica-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Costa Rica-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Jump to: navigation, search Name Costa-Rica-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Agency/Company /Organization World Watch Institute Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics Background analysis, Implementation, Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Website http://www.worldwatch.org/node Country Costa Rica Central America References Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model[1] Overview "This project will design a unified low-carbon development strategy for Central America through the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency maps, followed by technical, economic, and social feasibility studies for
Guatemala-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model
Guatemala-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Guatemala-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Jump to: navigation, search Name Guatemala-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Agency/Company /Organization World Watch Institute Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics Background analysis, Implementation, Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Website http://www.worldwatch.org/node Country Guatemala Central America References Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model[1] Overview "This project will design a unified low-carbon development strategy for Central America through the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency maps, followed by technical, economic, and social feasibility studies for
Regional Climate Change in East Asia Simulated by an Interactive Atmosphere�Soil�Vegetation Model
A regional coupled soil�vegetation�atmosphere model is used to study changes and interactions between climate and the ecosystem in East Asia due to increased atmospheric CO2. The largest simulated climate changes are due to the radiative ...
Ming Chen; David Pollard; Eric J. Barron
Coupling of Integrated Biosphere Simulator to Regional Climate Model Version 3
A description of the coupling of Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) to Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3) is presented. IBIS introduces several key advantages to RegCM3, most notably vegetation dynamics, the ...
Winter, Jonathan (Jonathan Mark)
Modeling Ozone Formation and Transport in the Cascadia Region of the Pacific Northwest
The rapidly growing Cascadia region of the Pacific Northwest, consisting of western Washington, Oregon, and southwestern British Columbia, has experienced surface ozone concentrations that exceed federally mandated standards. A modeling system ...
Mike Barna; Brian Lamb; Susan O�Neill; Hal Westberg; Cris Figueroa-Kaminsky; Sally Otterson; Clint Bowman; Jennifer DeMay
A Quasi-Lagrangian Regional Model Designed for Operational Weather Prediction
A regional numerical weather prediction model is designed using the quasi-Lagrangian method for operational forecasting of synoptic and mesoscale disturbances. The nonlinear advective terms and the total forcing experienced by a fluid parcel are ...
Mukut B. Mathur
The Soil�Precipitation Feedback: A Process Study with a Regional Climate Model
Month-long integrations with a regional climate model covering Europe and the Northern Atlantic are utilized to study the sensitivity of the summertime European precipitation climate with respect to the continental-scale soil moisture content. ...
Christoph Sch�r; Daniel L�thi; Urs Beyerle; Erdmann Heise
Investigating the Mechanisms of Diurnal Rainfall Variability Using a Regional Climate Model
This study investigates the ability of a regional climate model (RCM) to simulate the diurnal cycle of precipitation over southeast Australia, to provide a basis for understanding the mechanisms that drive diurnal variability. When compared with ...
Jason P. Evans; Seth Westra
Environment and the Lifetime of Tropical Deep Convection in a Cloud-Permitting Regional Model Simulation
By applying a cloud tracking algorithm to tropical convective systems in a simulated a regional high resolution model simulation, this study documents the environmental conditions before and after convective systems are initiated over ocean and ...
Samson Hagos; Zhe Feng; Sally McFarlane; L. Ruby Leung
Implementation of an urban parameterization scheme into the regional climate model COSMO-CLM.
As the non-hydrostatic regional climate model COSMO-CLM is increasingly employed for studying effects of urbanization on the environment we extend its surface-layer parameterization by the Town Energy Budget (TEB) parameterization (Masson 2000) ...
Operational Implementation of the Fritsch�Chappell Convective Scheme in the 24-km Canadian Regional Model
The objective and subjective evaluations that led to the implementation of the Fritsch and Chappell (FC) convective scheme in the new 24-km Canadian operational regional model are described in this study. Objective precipitation scores computed ...
St�phane B�lair; Andr� M�thot; Jocelyn Mailhot; Bernard Bilodeau; Alain Patoine; G�rard Pellerin; Jean C�t�
Assessment of Roughness Length Schemes Implemented within the Noah Land Surface Model for High Altitude Regions
Current land surface models still have difficulties with producing reliable surface heat fluxes and skin temperature (Tsfc) estimates for high altitude regions, which may be addressed via adequate parameterization of the roughness lengths for ...
Donghai Zheng; Rogier Van Der Velde; Zhongbo Su; Martijn J. Booij; Arjen Y. Hoekstra
Improving Convective Precipitation Forecasting through Assimilation of Regional Lightning Measurements in a Mesoscale Model
A technique developed for assimilating regional lightning measurements into a meteorological model is presented in this paper. The goal is to assess the effectiveness of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning information for improving the convective ...
Anastasios Papadopoulos; Themis G. Chronis; Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
A Multiscale Remote Sensing Model for Disaggregating Regional Fluxes to Micrometeorological Scales
Disaggregation of regional-scale (103 m) flux estimates to micrometeorological scales (101�102 m) facilitates direct comparison between land surface models and ground-based observations. Inversely, it also provides a means for upscaling flux-...
Martha C. Anderson; J. M. Norman; John R. Mecikalski; Ryan D. Torn; William P. Kustas; Jeffrey B. Basara
A description of the coupling of Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) to Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3) is presented. IBIS introduces several key advantages to RegCM3, most notably vegetation dynamics, the coexistence of multiple ...
Jonathan M. Winter; Jeremy S. Pal; Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
A Regional Ocean�Atmosphere Model for Eastern Pacific Climate: Toward Reducing Tropical Biases
The tropical Pacific Ocean is a climatically important region, home to El Ni�o and the Southern Oscillation. The simulation of its climate remains a challenge for global coupled ocean�atmosphere models, which suffer large biases especially in ...
Shang-Ping Xie; Toru Miyama; Yuqing Wang; Haiming Xu; Simon P. de Szoeke; R. Justin O. Small; Kelvin J. Richards; Takashi Mochizuki; Toshiyuki Awaji
Inclusion of a TKE Boundary Layer Parameterization in the Canadian Regional Finite-Element Model
The formulation of the regional model recently implemented by the Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada for its operational 48 h NWP forecasts is presented. The emphasis is put on the parameterization of the physical processes, especially ...
R. Benoit; J. C�t�; J. Mailhot
Recent Greenland Accumulation Estimated from Regional Climate Model Simulations and Ice Core Analysis
The accumulation defined as �precipitation minus evaporation� over Greenland has been simulated with the high-resolution limited-area regional climate model HIRHAM4 applied over an Arctic integration domain. This simulation is compared with a ...
K. Dethloff; M. Schwager; J. H. Christensen; S. Kiilsholm; A. Rinke; W. Dorn; F. Jung-Rothenh�usler; H. Fischer; S. Kipfstuhl; H. Miller
Mesoscale Model Simulations of Three Heavy Precipitation Events in the Western Mediterranean Region
A mesoscale numerical model with parameterized moist convection is applied to three cases involving heavy rainfall in the western Mediterranean region. Forecast precipitation fields, although not perfect when compared to the observations of ...
Romualdo Romero; Clemente Ramis; Sergio Alonso; Charles A. Doswell III; David J. Stensrud
Modeling Regional Vegetation NPP Variations and Their Relationships with Climatic Parameters in Wuhan, China
Net primary productivity (NPP) is an important component of the carbon cycle and a key indicator of ecosystem performance. The aim of this study is to construct a more accurate regional vegetation NPP estimation model and explore the relationship ...
Lunche Wang; Wei Gong; Yingying Ma; Miao Zhang
Sensitivity Study of Regional Climate Model Simulations to Large-Scale Nudging Parameters
Previous studies with nested regional climate models (RCMs) have shown that large-scale spectral nudging (SN) seems to be a powerful method to correct RCMs� weaknesses such as internal variability, intermittent divergence in phase space (IDPS), ...
Adelina Alexandru; Ramon de Elia; Ren� Laprise; Leo Separovic; S�bastien Biner
Ability to Forecast Regional Soil Moisture with a Distributed Hydrological Model Using ECMWF Rainfall Forecasts
This study mimics an online forecast system to provide nine day-ahead forecasts of regional soil moisture. It uses modified ensemble rainfall forecasts from the numerical weather prediction model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather ...
J. M. Schuurmans; M. F. P. Bierkens
Multimodel Combination by a Bayesian Hierarchical Model: Assessment of Ice Accumulation over the Oceanic Arctic Region
The performance of general circulation models (GCMs) varies across regions and periods. When projecting into the future, it is therefore not obvious whether to reject or to prefer a certain GCM. Combining the outputs of several GCMs may enhance ...
Malaak Kallache; Elena Maksimovich; Paul-Antoine Michelangeli; Philippe Naveau
Tests of a Perturbed Physics Ensemble Approach for Regional Climate Modeling
Ensemble simulations were performed with the regional climate model RegCM2 using ranges of plausible values for two parameters in the deep convection scheme. The timescale for release of convective instability was varied through a range of five ...
Zhiwei Yang; Raymond W. Arritt
By applying a cloud-tracking algorithm to tropical convective systems in a regional high-resolution model simulation, this study documents the environmental conditions before and after convective systems are initiated over ocean and land by ...
Belize-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model |
Belize-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Belize-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Jump to: navigation, search Name Belize-Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model Agency/Company /Organization World Watch Institute Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics Background analysis, Implementation, Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Website http://www.worldwatch.org/node Country Belize Central America References Low-Carbon Energy for Central America: Building a Regional Model[1] Overview "This project will design a unified low-carbon development strategy for Central America through the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency maps, followed by technical, economic, and social feasibility studies for
The 1998 Oklahoma�Texas Drought: Mechanistic Experiments with NCEP Global and Regional Models
This study presents results from mechanistic experiments to clarify the origin and maintenance of the Oklahoma�Texas (OK�TX) drought of the 1998 summer, using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global and regional models. In ...
Song-You Hong; Eugenia Kalnay
Resource Planning Model: An Integrated Resource Planning and Dispatch Tool for Regional Electric Systems
This report introduces a new capacity expansion model, the Resource Planning Model (RPM), with high spatial and temporal resolution that can be used for mid- and long-term scenario planning of regional power systems. Although RPM can be adapted to any geographic region, the report describes an initial version of the model adapted for the power system in Colorado. It presents examples of scenario results from the first version of the model, including an example of a 30%-by-2020 renewable electricity penetration scenario.
Mai, T.; Drury, E.; Eurek, K.; Bodington, N.; Lopez, A.; Perry, A.
Three papers on input-ouput [sic] energy and environmental accounting
The input-output model, a framework for national accounting and economic modeling, has been popular among regional economists for studying energy and emissions due to its focus on interindustry linkages. In a series of ...
Huang, Sonya (Sonya Y.)
Extreme Precipitation and Temperature over the U.S. Pacific Northwest: A Comparison between Observations, Reanalysis Data, and Regional Models
Extreme precipitation and temperature indices in reanalysis data and regional climate models are compared to station observations. The regional models represent most indices of extreme temperature well. For extreme precipitation, finer grid ...
Val�rie Duli�re; Yongxin Zhang; Eric P. Salath� Jr.
How Well Do Regional Climate Models Reproduce Radiation and Clouds in the Arctic? An Evaluation of ARCMIP Simulations
Downwelling radiation in six regional models from the Arctic Regional Climate Model Intercomparison (ARCMIP) project is systematically biased negative in comparison with observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) ...
Michael Tjernstr�m; Joseph Sedlar; Matthew D. Shupe
Thermodynamic Causes for Future Trends in Heavy Precipitation over Europe Based on an Ensemble of Regional Climate Model Simulations
An extreme-value analysis of projected changes in heavy precipitation is carried out for an ensemble of eight high-resolution regional climate model simulations over the European domain. The consideration of several regional climate models that ...
Christine Radermacher; Lorenzo Tomassini
Evaluation of tools for renewable energy policy analysis: The ten federal region model
The Energy Policy Act of 1992 establishes a program to support development of renewable energy technologies including a production incentive to public power utilities. Because there is a wide range of possible policy actions that could be taken to increase electric market share for renewables, modeling tools are needed to help make informed decisions regarding future policy. Previous energy modeling tools did not contain the region or infrastructure focus necessary to examine renewable technologies. As a result, the Department of Energy Office of Utility Technologies (OUT) supported the development of tools for renewable energy policy analysis. Three models were developed: The Renewable Energy Penetration (REP) model, which is a spreadsheet model for determining first-order estimates of policy effects for each of the ten federal regions; the Ten Federal Region Model (TFRM), which employs utility capacity expansion and dispatching decision; and the Region Electric Policy Analysis Model (REPAM), which was constructed to allow detailed insight into interactions between policy and technology within an individual region. These Models were developed to provide a suite of fast, personal-computer based policy analysis tools; as one moves from the REP model to the TFRM to the REPAM the level of detail (and complexity) increases. In 1993 a panel was formed to identify model strengths, weaknesses (including any potential biases) and to suggest potential improvements. The panel met in January 1994 to discuss model simulations and to deliberate regarding evaluation outcomes. This report is largely a result of this meeting. This report is organized as follows. It provides a description of the TFRM and summarizes the panel`s findings. Individual chapters examine various aspects of the model: demand and load, capacity expansion, dispatching and production costing, reliability, renewables, storage, financial and regulatory concerns, and environmental effects.
Engle, J.
11.482J / 1.285J / ESD.193J Regional Socioeconomic Impact Analysis and Modeling, Fall 2004
Reviews regional economic theories and models and provides students with experience in using alternative economic impact assessment models on microcomputers. Problem sets are oriented around infrastructure, housing, energy, ...
Polenske, Karen R.
11.482J / 1.285J / ESD.193J Regional Socioeconomic Impact Analysis and Modeling, Fall 2005
Coupling of Integrated Biosphere Simulator to Regional Climate Model version 3
Presented in this thesis is a description of the coupling of Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) to Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3), and an assessment of the coupled model (RegCM3-IBIS). RegCM3 is a 3-dimensional, ...
Introducing an Irrigation Scheme to a Regional Climate Model: A Case Study over West Africa
This article presents a new irrigation scheme and biome to the dynamic vegetation model, Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), coupled to Regional ClimateModel version 3 (RegCM3-IBIS). The new land cover allows for only the plant functional type, ...
Marc P. Marcella; Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Snow Cover in the Dudhkoshi Region of the Nepal Himalayas
In this study, a distributed biosphere hydrological model with three-layer energy-balance snow physics [an improved version of the Water and Energy Budget�based Distributed Hydrological Model (WEB-DHM-S)] is applied to the Dudhkoshi region of the ...
Maheswor Shrestha; Lei Wang; Toshio Koike; Yongkang Xue; Yukiko Hirabayashi
Integration of regional to outcrop digital data: 3D visualisation of multi-scale geological models
Multi-scale geological models contain three-dimensional, spatially referenced data, typically spanning at least six orders of magnitude from outcrop to regional scale. A large number of different geological and geophysical data sources can be combined ... Keywords: Digital geological mapping, Immersive visualisation, Terrestrial laser-scanning, User interaction, Virtual outcrop models
R. R. Jones; K. J. W. McCaffrey; P. Clegg; R. W. Wilson; N. S. Holliman; R. E. Holdsworth; J. Imber; S. Waggott
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Blackwell, Et
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Blackwell, Et Al., 2003) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Modeling-Computer Simulations At Nw Basin & Range Region (Blackwell, Et Al., 2003) Exploration Activity Details Location Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Developed natural state mass and energy transport fluid flow models of generic Basin and Range systems based on Dixie Valley data that help to
Regional load-curve models: QUERI's model long-run forecasts and sensitivity analysis. Volume 4. Final report. [Hourly demand in 32 US regions
This report presents detailed forecasts of the hourly demand for electricity in 32 regions of the US through the year 2000. The forecasts are generated by a load curve model estimated by QUERI and described in Volume II of this report. Two primary sets of input assumptions for this model are utilized: one based on DRI's macro, regional and sectoral models is called the Baseline Scenario while the other, which is a projection of historical trends, is the Extrapolation Scenario. Under both assumptions, the growth rates of electricity are forecast to slow from historical levels. Load factors are generally projected to continue to decline; most regions are forecast to remain Summer peaking but this is rather sensitive to the choice of scenario. By considering other scenarios which are small perturbations of the Baseline assumptions, elasticities of average, peak and hourly loads are calculated. Different weather assumptions are also examined for the sensitivity of the load shapes to changes in the weather.
Engle, R.F.; Granger, C.W.J.; Ramanathan, R.
Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) Model: Offshore Wind User Reference Guide
The Offshore Wind Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) model, developed by NREL and MRG & Associates, is a spreadsheet based input-output tool. JEDI is meant to be a user friendly and transparent tool to estimate potential economic impacts supported by the development and operation of offshore wind projects. This guide describes how to use the model as well as technical information such as methodology, limitations, and data sources.
Lantz, E.; Goldberg, M.; Keyser, D.
Investigation of the Summer Climate of the Contiguous United States and Mexico Using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Part I: Model Climatology (1950�2002)
Fifty-three years of the NCEP�NCAR Reanalysis I are dynamically downscaled using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to generate a regional climate model (RCM) climatology of the contiguous United States and Mexico. Data from the RAMS ...
Christopher L. Castro; Roger A. Pielke Sr.; Jimmy O. Adegoke
The research supported by DOE funding addressed the fundamental issues of understanding and modeling of hydrologic processes in relation to regional and global climate change. The emphasis of this research effort was on the application of isentropic modeling and analysis to advance the accuracy of the simulation of all aspects of the hydrologic cycle including clouds and thus the climate state regionally and globally. Simulation of atmospheric hydrologic processes by the UW hybrid isentropic coordinate models provided fundamental insight into global monsoonal circulations, and regional energy exchange in relation to the atmospheric hydrologic cycle. Inter-comparison of UW hybrid model simulations with those from the NCAR Community Climate Model and other climate and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models investigated the increased accuracies gained in modeling long-range transport in isentropic coordinates and isolated differences in modeling of the climate state. The inter-comparisons demonstrated advantages in the simulation of the transport of the hydrologic components of the climate system and provided insight into the more general problems of simulating hydrologic processes, aerosols and chemistry for climate. This research demonstrated the viability of the UW isentropic-eta model for long-term integration for climate and climate change studies and documented that no insurmountable barriers exist to simulation of climate utilizing hybrid isentropic coordinate models. The results provide impetus for continued development of hybrid isentropic coordinate models as a means to advance accuracies in the simulation of global and regional climate in relation to transport and the planetary distribution of heat sources and sinks.
Donald Johnson, Todd Schaack
Research Needs and Directions of Regional Climate Modeling Using WRF and CCSM
Climate varies across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Yet, climate modeling has long been approached using global models that can resolve only the broader scales of atmospheric processes and their interactions with land, ocean, and sea ice. Clearly, large-scale climate determines the environment for mesoscale and microscale processes that govern the weather and local climate, but, likewise, processes that occur at the regional scale may have significant impacts on the large scale circulation. Resolving such scale interactions will lead to much improved understanding of how climate both influences, and is influenced by, human activities. Since October 2003, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has supported an effort through the Opportunity Fund to develop regional climate modeling capability using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (http://www.wrf-model.org/index.php) and the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) (http://www.ccsm.ucar.edu/models), with participations by members of both the Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology and Climate and Global Dynamics Divisions. The goal is to develop a next generation community Regional Climate Model (RCM) that can address both downscaling and upscaling issues in climate modeling. Downscaling is the process of deriving regional climate information based on large-scale climate conditions. Both dynamical and statistical downscaling methods have been used to produce regional climate change scenarios; however, their resolution and physical fidelity are considered inadequate. Hence, the global change community has expressed a strong demand for improved regional climate information to explore the implications of adaptation and mitigation and assess climate change impacts (http://www.climatescience.gov/events/workshop2002/). Upscaling encapsulates the aggregate effects of small-scale physical and dynamical processes on the large-scale climate. One form of upscaling is the use of physical parameterizations such as that for deep convection. These are also considered to be inadequate, as much of the uncertainty in model sensitivity to greenhouse gases is now known to be associated with cloud parameterizations. Another form of upscaling is to explicitly include the effects of regional processes on the large-scale environment, both locally and remotely. Since their inception in the late 1980s, RCMs have been used predominantly to address downscaling issues through one-way coupling with global analyses or climate models. As part of the NCAR project, WRF has been adapted for simulating regional climate. Seasonal simulations over the U.S. have shown realistic features including the low-level jet and diurnal cycle of rainfall in the Central U.S. (Leung et al. 2005), and orographic precipitation in the western U.S. (Done et al. 2005). A WRF Regional Climate Modeling Working Group has been established to coordinate RCM research activities. To help define the next steps, a workshop on �Research Needs and Directions of Regional Climate Modeling Using WRF and CCSM� was organized to engage the regional and global climate modeling communities to: (1) define research needs for the development of a next generation community RCM based on WRF and CCSM; (2) define upscaling and downscaling research that can be addressed by RCMs; and (3) develop a plan of actions that would meet the research needs. This article summarizes the research issues and recommendations discussed at the workshop. There is no implied order in the research priorities listed below. Workshop agenda and presentations can be found at http://box.mmm.ucar.edu/events/rcm05/.
Leung, Lai R.; Kuo, Y.-H.; Tribbia, J.
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Northern Basin & Range Region (Blackwell,
Northern Basin & Northern Basin & Range Region (Blackwell, Et Al., 2003) Exploration Activity Details Location Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Developed natural state mass and energy transport fluid flow models of generic Basin and Range systems based on Dixie Valley data that help to understand the nature of large scale constraints on the location and characteristics of the geothermal systems References D. D. Blackwell, K. W. Wisian, M. C. Richards, Mark Leidig, Richard Smith, Jason McKenna (2003) Geothermal Resource Analysis And Structure Of Basin And Range Systems, Especially Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, Nevada Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Modeling-Computer_Simulations_At_Northern_Basin_%26_Range_Region_(Blackwell,_Et_Al.,_2003)&oldid=401422
Incorporating Stakeholder Decision Support Needs into an Integrated Regional Earth System Model
A new modeling effort exploring the opportunities, constraints, and interactions between mitigation and adaptation at regional scale is utilizing stakeholder engagement in an innovative approach to guide model development and demonstration, including uncertainty characterization, to effectively inform regional decision making. This project, the integrated Regional Earth System Model (iRESM), employs structured stakeholder interactions and literature reviews to identify the most relevant adaptation and mitigation alternatives and decision criteria for each regional application of the framework. The information is used to identify important model capabilities and to provide a focus for numerical experiments. This paper presents the stakeholder research results from the first iRESM pilot region. The pilot region includes the Great Lakes Basin in the Midwest portion of the United States as well as other contiguous states. This geographic area (14 states in total) permits cohesive modeling of hydrologic systems while also providing gradients in climate, demography, land cover/land use, and energy supply and demand. The results from the stakeholder research indicate that iRESM should prioritize addressing adaptation alternatives in the water resources, urban infrastructure, and agriculture sectors, such as water conservation, expanded water quality monitoring, altered reservoir releases, lowered water intakes, urban infrastructure upgrades, increased electric power reserves in urban areas, and land use management/crop selection changes. Regarding mitigation alternatives, the stakeholder research shows a need for iRESM to focus on policies affecting the penetration of renewable energy technologies, and the costs and effectiveness of energy efficiency, bioenergy production, wind energy, and carbon capture and sequestration.
Rice, Jennie S.; Moss, Richard H.; Runci, Paul J.; Anderson, K. L.; Malone, Elizabeth L.
Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System
Systematic improvements in algorithmic design of regional ocean circulation models have led to significant enhancement in simulation ability across a wide range of space/time scales and marine system types. As an example, we briefly review the Regional ... Keywords: Biogeochemical cycles, Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, Regional ocean prediction, Sea ice modeling, Split-explicit time stepping
D. B. Haidvogel; H. Arango; W. P. Budgell; B. D. Cornuelle; E. Curchitser; E. Di Lorenzo; K. Fennel; W. R. Geyer; A. J. Hermann; L. Lanerolle; J. Levin; J. C. McWilliams; A. J. Miller; A. M. Moore; T. M. Powell; A. F. Shchepetkin; C. R. Sherwood; R. P. Signell; J. C. Warner; J. Wilkin
Simulation of the Recent Multidecadal Increase of Atlantic Hurricane Activity Using an 18-km-Grid Regional Model
In this study, a new modeling framework for simulating Atlantic hurricane activity is introduced. The model is an 18-km-grid nonhydrostatic regional model, run over observed specified SSTs and nudged toward observed time-varying large-scale ...
Thomas R. Knutson; Joseph J. Sirutis; Stephen T. Garner; Isaac M. Held; Robert E. Tuleya
Simulation of Regional Climate Using a Limited Area Model Nested in a General Circulation Model
A Limited Area Model (LAM) is nested in a General Circulation Model (GCM) to simulate the January climate over the western United States. In the nesting procedure, the GCM output is used to provide the initial and lateral atmospheric boundary ...
Filippo Giorgi
Wetland model in an earth systems modeling framework for regional environmental policy analysis
The objective of this research is to investigate incorporating a wetland component into a land energy and water fluxes model, the Community Land Model (CLM). CLM is the land fluxes component of the Integrated Global Systems ...
Awadalla, Sirein Salah
Regional Modelling of the Southern African Geomagnetic Field using Harmonic Splines
Over the southern African region the geomagnetic field is weak and changes rapidly. For this area series of geomagnetic field measurements exist since the 1950s. We take advantage of the existing repeat station surveys and observatory annual means, and clean these data sets by eliminating jumps and minimising external field contributions in the original time series. This unique data set allows us to obtain a detailed view of the geomagnetic field behaviour in space and time by computing a regional model. For this, we use a system of representation similar to harmonic splines. Initially, the technique is systematically tested on synthetic data. After systematically testing the method on synthetic data, we derive a model for 1961 to 2001 that gives a detailed view of the fast changes of the geomagnetic field in this region.
Geese, Anne; Lesur, Vincent; Mandea, Mioara
Investigation of Aapprox100 mass region up to exotic with interacting boson model
Even-even nuclei in the Aapprox100 mass region are investigated within the framework of the interacting boson model-1 (IBM-1). The parametrization established on the basis of known elements is then used to predict properties of the unknown. This paper includes the predicted energy spectra and the potential energy surface obtained from the IBM-1 hamiltonian in the classical limit.
Boeyuekata, M. [Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, University of Kirikkale, 71100 Kirikkale (Turkey); Physics Department 'Galileo Galilei', Padova University, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova (Italy); Uluer, I. [Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, University of Kirikkale, 71100 Kirikkale (Turkey)
Assessment of Value Added for Surface Marine Wind Speed Obtained from Two Regional Climate Models
Hindcasts with reanalysis-driven regional climate models (RCMs) are a common tool to assess weather statistics (i.e., climate) and recent changes and trends. The capability of different state-of-the-art RCMs (with and without spectral nudging ...
J�rg Winterfeldt; Ralf Weisse
The Value of Coarse-Scale Soil Moisture Observations for Regional Surface Energy Balance Modeling
Using high-resolution (1 km) hydrologic modeling of the 575 000-km2 Red�Arkansas River basin, the impact of spatially aggregating soil moisture imagery up to the footprint scale (32�64 km) of spaceborne microwave radiometers on regional-scale ...
Wade T. Crow; Eric F. Wood
A Preliminary Synthesis of Modeled Climate Change Impacts on U.S. Regional Ozone Concentrations
This paper provides a synthesis of results that have emerged from recent modeling studies of the potential sensitivity of U.S. regional ozone (O3) concentrations to global climate change (ca. 2050). This research has been carried out under the ...
C. P. Weaver; E. Cooter; R. Gilliam; A. Gilliland; A. Grambsch; D. Grano; B. Hemming; S. W. Hunt; C. Nolte; D. A. Winner; X-Z. Liang; J. Zhu; M. Caughey; K. Kunkel; J-T. Lin; Z. Tao; A. Williams; D. J. Wuebbles; P. J. Adams; J. P. Dawson; P. Amar; S. He; J. Avise; J. Chen; R. C. Cohen; A. H. Goldstein; R. A. Harley; A. L. Steiner; S. Tonse; A. Guenther; J-F. Lamarque; C. Wiedinmyer; W. I. Gustafson; L. R. Leung; C. Hogrefe; H-C. Huang; D. J. Jacob; L. J. Mickley; S. Wu; P. L. Kinney; B. Lamb; N. K. Larkin; D. McKenzie; K-J. Liao; K. Manomaiphiboon; A. G. Russell; E. Tagaris; B. H. Lynn; C. Mass; E. Salath�; S. M. O'neill; S. N. Pandis; P. N. Racherla; C. Rosenzweig; J-H. Woo
Diagnosing Land�Atmosphere Interaction from a Regional Climate Model Simulation over West Africa
Land�atmosphere interaction at climatological time scales in a large area that includes the West African Sahel has been explicitly explored in a regional climate model (RegCM) simulation using a range of diagnostics. First, areas and seasons of ...
Bart J. J. M. van den Hurk; Erik van Meijgaard
Future climate in the Tibetan Plateau from a statistical regional climate model
We use a statistical regional climate model (STAR) to project the Tibetan Plateau (TP) climate for the period 2015-2050. Reanalysis datasets covering 1958-2001 are used as a substitute of observations and resampled by STAR to optimally fit ...
Xiuhua Zhu; Weiqiang Wang; Klaus Fraedrich
Simulation of the Arid Climate of the Southern Great Basin Using a Regional Climate Model
As part of the development effort of a regional climate model (RCM)for the southern Great Basin, this paper present savalidation analysis of the climatology generated by a high-resolution RCM driven by observations. The RCM is aversion of the ...
Filippo Giorgi; Gary T. Bates; Steven J. Nieman
A Multiyear Regional Climate Hindcast for the Western United States Using the Mesoscale Atmospheric Simulation Model
In preparation for studying the effects of increased CO2 on the hydrologic cycle in the western United States, an 8-yr hindcast was performed using a regional climate model (RCM) driven by the large-scale forcing from the NCEP�NCAR reanalysis. ...
Jinwon Kim; Jung-Eun Lee
Quantification of the Lateral Boundary Forcing of a Regional Climate Model Using an Aging Tracer
The present work introduces a new and useful tool to quantify the lateral boundary forcing of a regional climate model (RCM). This tool, an aging tracer, computes the time the air parcels spend inside the limited-area domain of an RCM. The aging ...
Philippe Lucas-Picher; Daniel Caya; S�bastien Biner; Ren� Laprise
Changes in the European Precipitation Climatologies as Derived by an Ensemble of Regional Models
This paper analyzes the changes in the precipitation climatologies of Europe for the periods 1960�90 and 2070�2100 using a heterogeneous set of regional climate models (RCMs). The authors used the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) database to define a ...
Francisco J. Tapiador; Enrique S�nchez
An Investigation of Summer Precipitation Simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model
In the present paper, a 5-yr baseline integration for the period 1987�91 was carried out over a Pan-Canadian domain to validate the performance of the third-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM). The CRCM simulated the large-scale ...
Yanjun Jiao; Daniel Caya
Assessing the Performance of Multiple Regional Climate Model Simulations for Seasonal Mountain Snow in the Upper Colorado River Basin
This study assesses the performance of the regional climate model (RCM) simulations from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) for the Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB), U.S. Rocky Mountains. The UCRB is a major ...
Nadine Salzmann; Linda O. Mearns
NREL: Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model - Unique Value of
Unique Value of ReEDS Unique Value of ReEDS Spatial Resolution and Variability Consideration The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model has singular capabilities that differentiate it from other models and that make it uniquely suitable for certain types of analyses. While ReEDS can model all types of power generators and fuels-coal, gas, nuclear, renewables-it was designed primarily to address considerations for integrating renewable electric technologies into the power grid. In particular, it was designed to address the variable resource issues associated with solar and wind power as well as the remote nature of many of the best wind resources and their need for transmission. These capabilities require the two primary structural elements of ReEDS-a multiplicity of regions and a
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Walker-Lane Transitional Zone Region
Modeling-Computer Simulations At Walker-Lane Modeling-Computer Simulations At Walker-Lane Transitional Zone Region (Laney, 2005) Exploration Activity Details Location Walker-Lane Transition Zone Geothermal Region Exploration Technique Modeling-Computer Simulations Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes Assembling Crustal Geophysical Data for Geothermal Exploration in the Great Basin, Louie and Coolbaugh. We have compiled velocity information from sources in the literature, results of previous seismic experiments and earthquake-monitoring projects, and data donated from mining, geothermal, and petroleum companies. We also collected (May 2002 and August 2004) two new crustal refraction profiles across western Nevada and the northern and central Sierra. These sections had not been well characterized previously.
Conceptual model for regional radionuclide transport from a salt dome repository: a technical memorandum
Disposal of high-level radioactive wastes is a major environmental problem influencing further development of nuclear energy in this country. Salt domes in the Gulf Coast Basin are being investigated as repository sites. A major concern is geologic and hydrologic stability of candidate domes and potential transport of radionuclides by groundwater to the biosphere prior to their degradation to harmless levels of activity. This report conceptualizes a regional geohydrologic model for transport of radionuclides from a salt dome repository. The model considers transport pathways and the physical and chemical changes that would occur through time prior to the radionuclides reaching the biosphere. Necessary, but unknown inputs to the regional model involve entry and movement of fluids through the repository dome and across the dome-country rock interface and the effect on the dome and surrounding strata of heat generated by the radioactive wastes.
Kier, R.S.; Showalter, P.A.; Dettinger, M.D.
Influence of Precipitation Assimilation on a Regional Climate Model�s Surface Water and Energy Budgets
Initialization of the moisture profiles has been used to overcome the imbalance between analysis schemes and prediction models that generates the so-called spinup problem seen in the hydrological fields. Here precipitation assimilation through ...
Ana M. B. Nunes; John O. Roads
The southwest edge of Eurasia is a tectonically and structurally complex region that includes the Caspian and Black Sea basins, the Caucasus Mountains, and the high plateaus south of the Caucasus. Using data from 25 broadband stations located in the region, new estimates of crustal and upper mantle thickness, velocity structure, and attenuation are being developed. Receiver functions have been determined for all stations. Depth to Moho is estimated using slant stacking of the receiver functions, forward modeling, and inversion. Moho depths along the Caspian and in the Kura Depression are in general poorly constrained using only receiver functions due to thick sedimentary basin sediments. The best fitting models suggest a low velocity upper crust with Moho depths ranging from 30 to 40 km. Crustal thicknesses increase in the Greater Caucasus with Moho depths of 40 to 50 km. Pronounced variations with azimuth of source are observed indicating 3D structural complexity and upper crustal velocities are higher than in the Kura Depression to the south. In the Lesser Caucasus, south and west of the Kura Depression, the crust is thicker (40 to 50 km) and upper crustal velocities are higher. Work is underway to refine these models with the event based surface wave dispersion and ambient noise correlation measurements from continuous data. Regional phase (Lg and Pg) attenuation models as well as blockage maps for Pn and Sn are being developed. Two methods are used to estimate Q: the two-station method to estimate inter-station Q and the reversed, two-station, two event method. The results are then inverted to create Lg and Pg Q maps. Initial results suggest substantial variations in both Pg and Lg Q in the region. A zone of higher Pg Q extends west from the Caspian between the Lesser and Greater Caucasus and a narrow area of higher Lg Q is observed.
Mellors, R; Gok, R; Pasyanos, M; Skobeltsyn, G; Teoman, U; Godoladze, T; Sandvol, E
Overview of Avista GHG Modeling NPCC Greenhouse Gas and the Regional Power System Conference
6/5/2013 1 Overview of Avista GHG Modeling NPCC Greenhouse Gas and the Regional Power System Natural Gas CO2 Emissions A Bridge to a Low Carbon Future, or the Future? 815 1,190 lbs/MWh Gas CCCT has ~35% of coal emissions on a per-MWh basis Gas CT has ~50% of coal emissions on a per-MWh basis 119 119
New models for region of interest reader classification analysis in chest radiographs
In several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) applications of image processing, there is no sufficiently sensitive and specific method for determining what constitutes a normal versus an abnormal classification of a chest radiograph. In the case of lung ... Keywords: 10.-v, 75.Pq, 87.85.Tu, Binary classification, Chest radiographs, Logic, set theory, and algebra, Mathematical procedures and computer techniques, Modeling biomedical systems, Pneumoconiosis, ROC analysis, Region of interest classification
M. S. Pattichis; T. Cacoullos; Peter Soliz
Improving the Noah Land Surface Model in Arid Regions with an Appropriate Parameterization of the Thermal Roughness Length
Daytime land surface temperatures in arid and semiarid regions are typically not well simulated in current land surface models (LSMs). This study first evaluates the importance of parameterizing the thermal roughness length (z0h) to model the ...
Yingying Chen; Kun Yang; Degang Zhou; Jun Qin; Xiaofeng Guo
A Comparison of Regional Isentropic-Sigma and Sigma Model Simulations of the January 1979 Chicago Blizzard
In an initial effort in regional numerical weather prediction, results from the University of Wisconsin isentropic-sigma (UW ???) hybrid model and an �identical� sigma model are compared. The two main objectives are to demonstrate the capability ...
Tom H. Zapotocny; Donald R. Johnson; Fred M. Reames
Simulations of Present and Future Climates in the Western United States with Four Nested Regional Climate Models
In this paper, the authors analyze simulations of present and future climates in the western United States performed with four regional climate models (RCMs) nested within two global ocean�atmosphere climate models. The primary goal here is to ...
P. B. Duffy; R. W. Arritt; J. Coquard; W. Gutowski; J. Han; J. Iorio; J. Kim; L.-R. Leung; J. Roads; E. Zeledon
Pacific Northwest Climate Sensitivity Simulated by a Regional Climate Model Driven by a GCM. Part I: Control Simulations
A model nesting approach has been used to simulate the regional climate over the Pacific Northwest. The present-day global climatology is first simulated using the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3) driven by observed sea surface temperature and ...
L. R. Leung; S. J. Ghan
A Numerical Modeling System of the Hydrological Cycle for Estimation of Water Fluxes in the Huaihe River Plain Region, China
To analyze the water budget under human influences in the Huaihe River plain region in China, the authors have developed a numerical modeling system that integrates water flux algorithms into a platform created by coupling a soil moisture model ...
Xi Chen; Yongqin David Chen; Zhicai Zhang
Regional Climate Model Simulations of U.S. Precipitation and Surface Air Temperature during 1982�2002: Interannual Variation
The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University�NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)-based regional climate model (CMM5) capability in simulating the interannual variations of U.S. precipitation and surface air temperature during 1982�2002 is evaluated ...
Jinhong Zhu; Xin-Zhong Liang
Assessing the Capability of a Regional-Scale Weather Model to Simulate Extreme Precipitation Patterns and Flooding in Central Texas
A regional-scale weather model is used to determine the potential for flood forecasting based on model-predicted rainfall. Extreme precipitation and flooding events are a significant concern in central Texas, due to both the high occurrence and ...
Marla R. Knebl Lowrey; Zong-Liang Yang
Final Report on Hierarchical Coupled Modeling and Prediction of Regional Climate Change in the Atlantic Sector
During the course of this project, we have accomplished the following: a) Carried out studies of climate changes in the past using a hierarchy of intermediate coupled models (Chang et al., 2008; Wan et al 2009; Wen et al., 2010a,b) b) Completed the development of a Coupled Regional Climate Model (CRCM; Patricola et al., 2011a,b) c) Carried out studies testing hypotheses testing the origin of systematic errors in the CRCM (Patricola et al., 2011a,b) d) Carried out studies of the impact of air-sea interaction on hurricanes, in the context of barrier layer interactions (Balaguru et al)
Saravanan, Ramalingam [Texas A& M University
Short-Term Energy Outlook Model Documentation: Macro Bridge Procedure to Update Regional Macroeconomic Forecasts with National Macroeconomic Forecasts
The Regional Short-Term Energy Model (RSTEM) uses macroeconomic variables such as income, employment, industrial production and consumer prices at both the national and regional1 levels as explanatory variables in the generation of the Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO). This documentation explains how national macroeconomic forecasts are used to update regional macroeconomic forecasts through the RSTEM Macro Bridge procedure.
An Integrated Computer Modeling Environment For Regional Land Use, Air Quality, And Transportation Planning
The Land Use, Air Quality, and Transportation Integrated Modeling Environment (LATIME) represents an integrated approach to computer modeling and simulation of land use allocation, travel demand, and mobile source emissions for the Albuquerque, New Mexico, area. This environment provides predictive capability combined with a graphical and geographical interface. The graphical interface shows the causal relationships between data and policy scenarios and supports alternative model formulations. Scenarios are launched from within a Geographic Information System (GIS), and data produced by each model component at each time step within a simulation is stored in the GIS. A menudriven query system is utilized to review link-based results and regional and areawide results. These results can also be compared across time or between alternative land use scenarios. Using this environment, policies can be developed and implemented based on comparative analysis, rather than on single-step future pr...
Charles Hanley Renewable; Norman L. Marshall; Charles J. Hanley; Charles J. Hanley
Water vapor transmittance models for narrow bands in the 13 to 19. mu. m spectral region
The purpose of this report is to document the development of water vapor transmittance models for narrow bands (satellite sensor channels) in the 13 to 19 ..mu..m spectral region. The models are the result of research efforts of the author in 1971-1972 while on active duty with the US Air Force at the Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC). The models were developed for application in studies involving a temperature profiling sensor system carried aboard the satellites of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), formerly DAPP. Recently, (Lovill et al., 1978; Luther et al., 1981) the models were implemented for studies concerned with methodologies to retrieve total atmospheric column ozone from measurements of newer DMSP Block 5D series satellite sensors with similar channels (see Nichols, 1975).
Weichel, R.L.
Modeling the Dynamics of Desakota Regions: Global - Local Nexus in the Taipei Metropolitan Area
Since the 1970s, Asia has experienced rapid urbanization processes, which are distinct from U.S. society, and the direction of Asian urbanization is more strongly affected by economic globalization. The desakota model, proposed by McGee and Ginsburg in 1991, focuses on how internal domestic and local forces drive the specific rural-urban transformation in Asia. However, the McGee-Ginsburg model does not emphasize the importance of globalization on Asian urbanization. To fill the gap, this study develops a GIS-based CA framework based on the desakota model to not only simulate the unique urbanization processes in Asia but also integrate the influence of globalization into Asian urban dynamics. Three approaches are developed in the CA simulation: 1) physical constraints and land-use classification from remotely sensed images in 1993, 2000, and 2008, are incorporated into micro-scale transformation; 2) population dynamics, shifts of economic activities, and foreign direct investment (FDIs), a representative of the impact of globalization, are applied for multi-scale interconnection; 3) the Monte Carlo mechanism is finally introduced to combine the above two approaches and implement the simulation process. The Taipei metropolitan area, a rapid urbanizing region that highly interacts with the global economy in Asia, is chosen to examine this model. The CA simulation model establishes a strong interaction between FDIs, an indicator representing impacts of globalization, and the dazzling Asian urban model. The combination of multi-scale economic factors and micro-scale land-use transformation also reveals how urban growth of the Taipei metropolis in recent years fits the characterization of the desakota model, and how desakota regions, the growth generators, interact with city cores. As a result, the research not only successfully links the influence of globalization with the desakota model and simulates urban dynamics of Asian cities but also provides scenarios of different FDI inputs for governments to better handle urban growth with global impacts under the deep economic recession since 2007.
Wu, Bing-Sheng
Simulation of the Stable Water Isotopes in Precipitation over South America: Comparing Regional to Global Circulation Models
A simulation of the stable water isotope cycle over South America by the regional circulation model REMOiso is discussed. The performance of the regional model, with a resolution of 0.5� (55 km), is compared to simulations by the global ...
Christophe Sturm; Georg Hoffmann; B�rbel Langmann
Nanoflare statistics in an active region 3D MHD coronal model
Context. We investigate the statistics of the spatial and temporal distribution of the coronal heating in a three-dimensional magneto- hydrodynamical (3D MHD) model. The model describes the temporal evolution of the corona above an observed active region. The model is driven by photospheric granular motions which braid the magnetic field lines. This induces currents and their dissipation heats the plasma. We evaluate the transient heating as subsequent heating events and analyze their statistics. The results are then interpreted in the context of observed flare statistics and coronal heating mechanisms. Methods. To conduct the numerical experiment we use a high order finite difference code which solves the partial differential equations for the conservation of mass, the momentum and energy balance, and the induction equation. The energy balance includes the Spitzer heat conduction and the optical thin radiative loss in the corona. Results. The temporal and spatial distribution of the Ohmic heating in the 3D M...
Bingert, Sven
Improvements to Regional Explosion Identification using Attenuation Models of the Lithosphere
Regional P/S amplitudes have been recognized as an effective discriminant between earthquakes and explosions. While closely spaced earthquake and explosions generally discriminate easily, the application of this technique to broad regions has been hampered by large variations in the amplitude of regional phases due to the attenuation structure of the crust and upper mantle. Making use of a recent P-wave and S-wave attenuation model of the lithosphere, we have found that correcting the events using our amplitude methodology significantly reduces the scattering in the earthquake population. We demonstrate an application of this technique to station NIL (Nilore, Pakistan) using broad area earthquakes and the 1998 Indian nuclear explosion recorded at the station using the Pn/Lg discriminant in the 1-2 Hz passband. We find that the explosion, which is lost in the scatter of the earthquakes in the uncorrected discriminant, clearly separates by correcting for the attenuation structure. We see a similar reduction in scatter and separation for the Pn/Sn and Pg/Lg discriminants in the same passband.
Pasyanos, M E; Walter, W R
Reverberation mapping and the disk wind model of the broad line region
Using the disk wind model of Murray et al. (1995), we calculate line profiles and frequency-resolved response functions for broad line emission from the surface of an accretion disk in an AGN in the presence of a radiatively driven wind. We find that the combined effects of the shears in the wind and in the disk itself produce anisotropic line emission which solves several well-known problems connected with disk models of the broad line region. In particular, the broadening of resonance lines such as \\Civ, \\Lya, and \\Nv\\/ can be attributed to orbital motion of the disk gas at radii as close as \\sim 10^{16}~cm in Seyferts without requiring unrealistically large emission regions in order to produce single-peaked profiles. Furthermore, the anisotropy of the line emission results in frequency-dependent response functions which are no longer red-blue symmetric so that the time delays inferred for the various red and blue components of the line agree qualitatively with recent reverberation mapping observations of N...
Chiang, J
Conceptual model for regional radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site. Final draft, technical memorandum
This technical memorandum was prepared to: (1) describe a typical basalt radionuclide repository site, (2) describe geologic and hydrologic processes associated with regional radionuclide transport in basalts, (3) define the parameters required to model regional radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site, and (4) develop a ''conceptual model'' of radionuclide transport from a basalt repository site. In a general hydrological sense, basalts may be described as layered sequences of aquifers and aquitards. The Columbia River Basalt, centered near the semi-arid Pasco Basin, is considered by many to be typical basalt repository host rock. Detailed description of the flow system including flow velocities with high-low hydraulic conductivity sequences are not possible with existing data. However, according to theory, waste-transport routes are ultimately towards the Columbia River and the lengths of flow paths from the repository to the biosphere may be relatively short. There are many physical, chemical, thermal, and nuclear processes with associated parameters that together determine the possible pattern of radionuclide migration in basalts and surrounding formations. Brief process descriptions and associated parameter lists are provided. Emphasis has been placed on the use of the distribution coefficient in simulating ion exchange. The use of the distribution coefficient approach is limited because it takes into account only relatively fast mass transfer processes. In general, knowledge of hydrogeochemical processes is primitive.
Walton, W.C.; Voorhees, M.L.; Prickett, T.A.
Recently, quasi-periodic, rapidly propagating waves have been observed in extreme ultraviolet by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument in about 10 flare/coronal mass ejection (CME) events thus far. A typical example is the 2010 August 1 C3.2 flare/CME event that exhibited arc-shaped wave trains propagating in an active region (AR) magnetic funnel with {approx}5% intensity variations at speeds in the range of 1000-2000 km s{sup -1}. The fast temporal cadence and high sensitivity of AIA enabled the detection of these waves. We identify them as fast magnetosonic waves driven quasi-periodically at the base of the flaring region and develop a three-dimensional MHD model of the event. For the initial state we utilize the dipole magnetic field to model the AR and include gravitationally stratified density at coronal temperature. At the coronal base of the AR, we excite the fast magnetosonic wave by periodic velocity pulsations in the photospheric plane confined to a funnel of magnetic field lines. The excited fast magnetosonic waves have similar amplitude, wavelength, and propagation speeds as the observed wave trains. Based on the simulation results, we discuss the possible excitation mechanism of the waves, their dynamical properties, and the use of the observations for coronal MHD seismology.
Ofman, L. [Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064 (United States); Liu, W.; Title, A.; Aschwanden, M. [Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA 94304 (United States)
Assessment of the Regional Climate Model Version 3 over the Maritime Continent Using Different Cumulus Parameterization and Land Surface Schemes
This paper describes an assessment of the Regional Climate Model, version 3 (RegCM3), coupled to two land surface schemes: the Biosphere�Atmosphere Transfer System, version 1e (BATS1e), and the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS). The model�s ...
Rebecca L. Gianotti; Dongfeng Zhang; Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
A One-Dimensional (1-D) Three-Region Model for a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Adsorber
A general one-dimensional (1-D), three-region model for a bubbling fluidized-bed adsorber with internal heat exchangers has been developed. The model can predict the hydrodynamics of the bed and provides axial profiles for all temperatures, concentrations, and velocities. The model is computationally fast and flexible and allows for any system of adsorption and desorption reactions to be modeled, making the model applicable to any adsorption process. The model has been implemented in both gPROMS and Aspen Custom Modeler, and the behavior of the model has been verified.
Lee, Andrew; Miller, David C.
Effects of Emissions Reductions on Ozone Predictions by the Regional Oxidant Model during the July 1988 Episode
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Oxidant Model, ROM2.2, was applied to a 2?10 July 1988 episode to test the regional episodic ozone response to different combinations of the across-the-board nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile ...
Shao-Hang Chu; William M. Cox
A Simplified Diagnostic Model of Orographic Rainfall for Enhancing Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates in Data-Poor Regions
An extension of Sinclair's diagnostic model of orographic precipitation (�VDEL�) is developed for use in data-poor regions to enhance rainfall estimates. This extension (VDELB) combines a 2D linearized internal gravity wave calculation with the ...
Chris Funk; Joel Michaelsen
Regional Climate Modeling for the Developing World: The ICTP RegCM3 and RegCNET
Regional climate models are important research tools available to scientists around the world, including in economically developing nations (EDNs). The Earth Systems Physics (ESP) group of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical ...
Jeremy S. Pal; Filippo Giorgi; Xunqiang Bi; Nellie Elguindi; Fabien Solmon; Sara A. Rauscher; Xuejie Gao; Raquel Francisco; Ashraf Zakey; Jonathan Winter; Moetasim Ashfaq; Faisal S. Syed; Lisa C. Sloan; Jason L. Bell; Noah S. Diffenbaugh; Jagadish Karmacharya; Abourahamane Konar�; Daniel Martinez; Rosmeri P. da Rocha; Allison L. Steiner
Considerations in the Selection of Global Climate Models for Regional Climate Projections: The Arctic as a Case Study
Climate projections at regional scales are in increased demand from management agencies and other stakeholders. While global atmosphere�ocean climate models provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate at continental scales and above,...
James E. Overland; Muyin Wang; Nicholas A. Bond; John E. Walsh; Vladimir M. Kattsov; William L. Chapman
Possibility of Skill Forecast Based on the Finite-Time Dominant Linear Solutions for a Primitive Equation Regional Forecast Model
The possibility of using forecast errors originating from the finite-time dominant linear modes for the prediction of forecast skill for a primitive equation regional forecast model is studied. This is similar to the method for skill prediction ...
Tomislava Vuki?evi?
An Assessment of Possible Climate Change in the Australian Region Based on an Intercomparison of General Circulation Modeling Results
To assist in estimating likely future climate change in the Australian region, the authors examine the results of four different general circulation modeling experiments run to assess the equilibrium impact of doubling greenhouse gases. The ...
P. H. Whetton; A. B. Pittock; M. R. Haylock; P. J. Rayner
Performance of NCEP Regional Wave Models in Predicting Peak Sea States during the 2005 North Atlantic Hurricane Season
Unprecedented numbers of tropical cyclones occurred in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in 2005. This provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of two operational regional wave forecasting models at the National ...
Yung Y. Chao; Hendrik L. Tolman
Evaluation of a Regional Atmospheric Model Using Measurements of Surface Heat Exchange Processes from a Site in Antarctica
A regional atmospheric climate model with a horizontal grid spacing of 55 km has been used to simulate the Antarctic atmosphere during an austral summer period. ECMWF reanalyses were used to force the atmospheric prognostic variables from the ...
Nicole P. M. van Lipzig; Erik van Meijgaard; Johannes Oerlemans
Development of an Antarctic Regional Climate System Model. Part I: Sea Ice and Large-Scale Circulation
A coupled atmosphere�ice regional model previously used for simulations in the Arctic has been implemented in the Antarctic. Three 14-month simulations were performed for 1988�89, with different oceanic specifications. The year 1988 was ...
David A. Bailey; Amanda H. Lynch
Customization of RegCM3 Regional Climate Model for Eastern Africa and a Tropical Indian Ocean Domain
Rainfall is a driving factor of climate in the tropics and needs to be properly represented within a climate model. This study customizes the precipitation processes over the tropical regions of eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean using the ...
Neil Davis; Jared Bowden; Fredrick Semazzi; Lian Xie; Bari? �nol
A Joint Estimate of the Precipitation Climate Signal in Europe Using Eight Regional Models and Five Observational Datasets
This paper presents an analysis of the precipitation climate signal in Europe emerging from a simulation of heterogeneous regional climate models (RCMs) using five observational datasets as the reference for present day climate conditions. ...
Francisco J. Tapiador
Data Assimilation in a Quasi-geostrophic Open-Ocean Model of the Gulf Stream Region Using the Adjoint Method
The method of adjoint data assimilation is applied in a quasi-geostrophic (QG) open-ocean model of the Gulf Stream region. The results of data assimilation experiments are presented in which simulated AXBT and satellite altimeter observations are ...
Andrew M. Moore
Regional Model Simulations of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds over the Southeast Pacific off South America. Part I: Control Experiment
A regional climate model is used to simulate boundary layer stratocumulus (Sc) clouds over the southeast Pacific off South America during August�October 1999 and to study their dynamical, radiative, and microphysical properties and their ...
Yuqing Wang; Shang-Ping Xie; Haiming Xu; Bin Wang
Operational Implementation of the ISBA Land Surface Scheme in the Canadian Regional Weather Forecast Model. Part I: Warm Season Results
The summertime improvement resulting from the operational implementation of a new surface modeling and assimilation strategy into the Canadian regional weather forecasting system is described in this study. The surface processes over land are ...
St�phane B�lair; Louis-Philippe Crevier; Jocelyn Mailhot; Bernard Bilodeau; Yves Delage
Development of New Ensemble Methods Based on the Performance Skills of Regional Climate Models over South Korea
In this paper, the prediction skills of five ensemble methods for temperature and precipitation are discussed by considering 20 yr of simulation results (from 1989 to 2008) for four regional climate models (RCMs) driven by NCEP�Department of ...
M.-S. Suh; S.-G. Oh; D.-K. Lee; D.-H. Cha; S.-J. Choi; C.-S. Jin; S.-Y. Hong
Regional Parameter Estimation of the VIC Land Surface Model: Methodology and Application to River Basins in China
This paper presents a methodology for regional parameter estimation of the three-layer Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC-3L) land surface model with the goal of improving the streamflow simulation for river basins in China. This methodology is ...
Zhenghui Xie; Fei Yuan; Qingyun Duan; Jing Zheng; Miaoling Liang; Feng Chen
Hydrological Processes in Regional Climate Model Simulations of the Central United States Flood of June�July 1993
Thirteen regional climate model (RCM) simulations of June�July 1993 were compared with each other and observations. Water vapor conservation and precipitation characteristics in each RCM were examined for a 10� � 10� subregion of the upper ...
Christopher J. Anderson; Raymond W. Arritt; Zaitao Pan; Eugene S. Takle; William J. Gutowski Jr.; Francis O. Otieno; Renato da Silva; Daniel Caya; Jens H. Christensen; Daniel L�thi; Miguel A. Gaertner; Clemente Gallardo; Filippo Giorgi; Ren� Laprise; Song-You Hong; Colin Jones; H-M. H. Juang; J. J. Katzfey; John L. McGregor; William M. Lapenta; Jay W. Larson; John A. Taylor; Glen E. Liston; Roger A. Pielke Sr.; John O. Roads
Incorporation of aqueous reaction kinetics and biodegradation into TOUGHREACT: Application of a multi-region model to hydrobiogeoChemical transport of denitrification and sulfate reduction
interplay between Bio- and Chem- Regions will be illustratedThe same A was used for Bio- and Chem- Regions. In fact,1. Concept of a Hydro-Bio-Chem Region model for resolving
Xu, Tianfu
Regional load-curve models. Volume 5. Data base. Final report
In preparing to build the models detailed in the first four volumes of the EA-1672 reports, a substantial data gathering, clean-up, and organizing effort was conducted. This volume describes that process and documents the data banks sent to EPRI. Three types of data concepts were needed to explore hourly load forecasting: hourly load, hourly weather and related socioeconomic data concepts. These materials were gathered for the project. EPRI has 32 data tapes that include hourly load and weather data for 32 regions for the period 1962 to 1977. Two other data banks, EPRIDATAA and EPRIDATAM, contain annual and monthly data respectively, gathered for use in this project. Hourly load forecasts out to the year 2000 have also been received by EPRI. DRI's forecasts are contained in the data bank FORECASTBANK. QUERI's forecasts are also available. These data series may prove useful to other researchers exploring related topics.
Mechanistic Model Simulations of the East African Climate Using NCAR Regional Climate Model: Influence of Large-Scale Orography on the Turkana Low-Level Jet
The National Center for Atmospheric Research regional climate model (RegCM) is employed to study the dynamics of the Turkana low-level jet that lies between the Ethiopian and the East African highlands, and also investigate the mechanisms ...
Matayo Indeje; Fredrick H. M. Semazzi; Lian Xie; Laban J. Ogallo
Regional Climate Model Simulation of U.S. Precipitation during 1982�2002. Part I: Annual Cycle
The fifth-generation PSU�NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)-based regional climate model (CMM5) capability in simulating the U.S. precipitation annual cycle is evaluated with a 1982�2002 continuous baseline integration driven by the NCEP�DOE second ...
Xin-Zhong Liang; Li Li; Kenneth E. Kunkel; Mingfang Ting; Julian X. L. Wang
Evaluation of Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Climate in the HIRHAM Regional Climate Model Using Automatic Weather Station Data
The 1998 annual cycle and 1991�98 summer simulations of Greenland ice sheet surface climate are made with the 0.5�-horizontal resolution HIRHAM regional climate model of the Arctic. The model output is compared with meteorological and energy ...
Jason E. Box; Annette Rinke
Development of a Regional Climate Model for U.S. Midwest Applications. Part I: Sensitivity to Buffer Zone Treatment
A regional climate model (RCM) is being developed for U.S. Midwest applications on the basis of the newly released Pennsylvania State University�NCAR Fifth-Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5), version 3.3. This study determines the optimal RCM ...
Xin-Zhong Liang; Kenneth E. Kunkel; Arthur N. Samel
Improved interval estimation of long run response from a dynamic linear model: A highest density region approach
This paper proposes a new method of interval estimation for the long run response (or elasticity) parameter from a general linear dynamic model. We employ the bias-corrected bootstrap, in which small sample biases associated with the parameter estimators ... Keywords: ARDL model, Bias-correction, Bootstrapping, Highest density region, Long run elasticity
Jae H. Kim; Iain Fraser; Rob J. Hyndman
Anthropogenic Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Asia Derived From Regional Models With Atmospheric and Aerosol Data Assimilation
A high-resolution estimate of monthly 3D aerosol solar heating rates and surface solar fluxes in Asia from 2001 to 2004 is described here. This product stems from an Asian aerosol assimilation project, in which a) the PNNL regional model bounded by the NCEP reanalyses was used to provide meteorology, b) MODIS and AERONET data were integrated for aerosol observations, c) the Iowa aerosol/chemistry model STEM-2K1 used the PNNL meteorology and assimilated aerosol observations, and d) 3D (X-Y-Z) aerosol simulations from the STEM-2K1 were used in the Scripps Monte-Carlo Aerosol Cloud Radiation (MACR) model to produce total and anthropogenic aerosol direct solar forcing for average cloudy skies. The MACR model and STEM both used the PNNL model resolution of 0.45��0.4� in the horizontal and of 23 layers in the troposphere. The 2001�2004 averaged anthropogenic all-sky aerosol forcing is ?1.3 Wm-2 (TOA), +7.3 Wm-2 (atmosphere) and ?8.6 Wm-2 (surface) averaged in Asia (60?138�E & Eq. ?45�N). In the absence of AERONET SSA assimilation, absorbing aerosol concentration (especially BC aerosol) is much smaller, giving ?2.3 Wm-2 (TOA), +4.5 Wm-2 (atmosphere) and ?6.8 Wm-2 (surface), averaged in Asia. In the vertical, monthly forcing is mainly concentrated below 600hPa with maxima around 800hPa. Seasonally, low-level forcing is far larger in dry season than in wet season in South Asia, whereas the wet season forcing exceeds the dry season forcing in East Asia. The anthropogenic forcing in the present study is similar to that in Chung et al.�s [2005] in overall magnitude but the former offers fine-scale features and simulated vertical profiles. The interannual variability of the computed anthropogenic forcing is significant and extremely large over major emission outflow areas. In view of this, the present study�s estimate is within the implicated range of the 1999 INDOEX result. However, NCAR/CCSM3�s anthropogenic aerosol forcing is much smaller than the present study�s estimate at the surface, and is outside of what the INDOEX findings can support.
Chung, Chul Eddy; Ramanathan, V.; Carmichael, Gregory; Kulkarni, S.; Tang, Youhua; Adhikary, Bhupesh; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Qian, Yun
Scale-Selective Bias Correction in a Downscaling of Global Analysis Using a Regional Model
Systematic large-scale errors are often found within the regional domain in the regional dynamical downscaling procedure. This paper proposes a method to suppress such errors using a combination of spectral tendency damping and area average ...
Hideki Kanamaru; Masao Kanamitsu
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares are the main drivers of weather in space. Understanding how these events occur and what conditions might lead to eruptive events is of crucial importance for up to date and reliable space weather forecasting. The aim of this paper is to present a numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) data-inspired model suitable for the simulation of the CME initiation and their early evolution. Starting from a potential magnetic field extrapolation of the active region (AR) NOAA 9415, we solve the full set of ideal MHD equations in a non-zero plasma-{beta} environment. As a consequence of the applied twisting motions, a force-free-magnetic field configuration is obtained, which has the same chirality as the investigated AR. We investigate the response of the solar corona when photospheric motions resembling the ones observed for AR 9415 are applied at the inner boundary. As a response to the converging shearing motions, a flux rope is formed that quickly propagates outward, carrying away the plasma confined inside the flux rope against the gravitational attraction by the Sun. Moreover, a compressed leading edge propagating at a speed of about 550 km s{sup -1} and preceding the CME is formed. The presented simulation shows that both the initial magnetic field configuration and the plasma-magnetic-field interaction are relevant for a more comprehensive understanding of the CME initiation and early evolution phenomenon.
Zuccarello, F. P.; Poedts, S. [Centre for Mathematical Plasma-Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Meliani, Z., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Observatoire de Paris, LUTh, F-92190 Meudon (France)
The Impact of Land Surface Processes on Simulations of the U.S. Hydrological Cycle: A Case Study of the 1993 Flood Using the SSiB Land Surface Model in the NCEP Eta Regional Model
This paper describes a methodology for coupling the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model (SSiB) to the regional Eta Model of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and presents the application of the coupled system in regional ...
Y. Xue; F. J. Zeng; K. E. Mitchell; Z. Janjic; E. Rogers
The Relative Importance of Oxidation Pathways and Clouds to Atmospheric Ambient Sulfate Production as Predicted by the Regional Acid Deposition Model
The development and use of a version of the Regional Acid Deposition Model/Engineering Model (RADM/FM) called the Comprehensive Sulfate Tracking Model (COMSTM) is reported. The COMSTM is used to diagnose the relative contributions of each sulfate ...
John N. McHenry; Robin L. Dennis
Nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) models are thought to be viable tools for investigating the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the coronae of solar active regions. In a series of NLFFF modeling studies, we have found that NLFFF models are successful in application to analytic test cases, and relatively successful when applied to numerically constructed Sun-like test cases, but they are less successful in application to real solar data. Different NLFFF models have been found to have markedly different field line configurations and to provide widely varying estimates of the magnetic free energy in the coronal volume, when applied to solar data. NLFFF models require consistent, force-free vector magnetic boundary data. However, vector magnetogram observations sampling the photosphere, which is dynamic and contains significant Lorentz and buoyancy forces, do not satisfy this requirement, thus creating several major problems for force-free coronal modeling efforts. In this paper, we discuss NLFFF modeling of NOAA Active Region 10953 using Hinode/SOT-SP, Hinode/XRT, STEREO/SECCHI-EUVI, and SOHO/MDI observations, and in the process illustrate three such issues we judge to be critical to the success of NLFFF modeling: (1) vector magnetic field data covering larger areas are needed so that more electric currents associated with the full active regions of interest are measured, (2) the modeling algorithms need a way to accommodate the various uncertainties in the boundary data, and (3) a more realistic physical model is needed to approximate the photosphere-to-corona interface in order to better transform the forced photospheric magnetograms into adequate approximations of nearly force-free fields at the base of the corona. We make recommendations for future modeling efforts to overcome these as yet unsolved problems.
DeRosa, Marc L.; Schrijver, Carolus J.; Aschwanden, Markus J.; Cheung, Mark C. M. [Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, 3251 Hanover St. B/252, Palo Alto, CA 94304 (United States); Barnes, Graham; Leka, K. D. [North West Research Associates, Colorado Research Associates Division, 3380 Mitchell Ln., Boulder, CO 80301 (United States); Lites, Bruce W. [High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research , P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 (United States); Amari, Tahar; Canou, Aurelien [CNRS, Centre de Physique Theorique de l'Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France); McTiernan, James M. [Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Regnier, Stephane [Mathematics Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS (United Kingdom); Thalmann, Julia K.; Wiegelmann, Thomas; Inhester, Bernd; Tadesse, Tilaye [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau (Germany); Valori, Gherardo [Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam (Germany); Wheatland, Michael S. [School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Conlon, Paul A. [Astrophysics Research Group, School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 (Ireland); Fuhrmann, Marcel [Institut fuer Physik, Universitaet Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam (Germany)
We previously found a temperature-dependent upflow in the dimming region following a coronal mass ejection observed by the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS). In this paper, we reanalyzed the observations along with previous work on this event and provided boundary conditions for modeling. We found that the intensity in the dimming region dramatically drops within 30 minutes from the flare onset, and the dimming region reaches the equilibrium stage after {approx}1 hr. The temperature-dependent upflows were observed during the equilibrium stage by EIS. The cross-sectional area of the flux tube in the dimming region does not appear to expand significantly. From the observational constraints, we reconstructed the temperature-dependent upflow by using a new method that considers the mass and momentum conservation law and demonstrated the height variation of plasma conditions in the dimming region. We found that a super-radial expansion of the cross-sectional area is required to satisfy the mass conservation and momentum equations. There is a steep temperature and velocity gradient of around 7 Mm from the solar surface. This result may suggest that the strong heating occurred above 7 Mm from the solar surface in the dimming region. We also showed that the ionization equilibrium assumption in the dimming region is violated, especially in the higher temperature range.
Imada, S.; Shimizu, T. [Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5210 (Japan); Hara, H.; Watanabe, T. [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan); Murakami, I. [National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu 509-5292 (Japan); Harra, L. K. [UCL-Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT (United Kingdom); Zweibel, E. G. [Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 475 N Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706 (United States)
An integrated modelling framework for simulating regional-scale actor responses to global change in the water domain
Within coupled hydrological simulation systems, taking socio-economic processes into account is still a challenging task. In particular, systems that aim at evaluating impacts of climatic change on large spatial and temporal scales cannot be based on ... Keywords: Actors, Climate change, Coupled simulation, Domestic water use, Framework technology, Integrated water resources management, Regional scale model, Social simulation, Water supply
R. Barthel; S. Janisch; N. Schwarz; A. Trifkovic; D. Nickel; C. Schulz; W. Mauser
Sub-national TIMES model for analyzing regional future use of Biomass and Biofuels in France and
1 Sub-national TIMES model for analyzing regional future use of Biomass and Biofuels in France Introduction Renewable energy sources such as biomass and biofuels are increasingly being seen as important of biofuels on the final consumption of energy in transport should be 10%. The long-term target is to reduce
Numerical Prediction of the 10�11 June 1985 Squall Line with the Canadian Regional Finite-Element Model
In an effort to improve operational forecasts of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), a mesoscale version of the operational Canadian Regional Finite-Element (RFE) Model with a grid size of 25 km is used to predict an intense MCS that occurred ...
St�phane B�lair; Da-Lin Zhang; Jocelyn Mailhot
Climate Change Impacts on Jordan River Flow: Downscaling Application from a Regional Climate Model
The integration of climate change projections into hydrological and other response models used for water resource planning and management is challenging given the varying spatial resolutions of the different models. In general, climate models are ...
Rana Samuels; Alon Rimmer; Andreas Hartmann; Simon Krichak; Pinhas Alpert
Structural Time Series Models and Trend Detection in Global and Regional Temperature Series
A unified statistical approach to identify suitable structural time series models for annual mean temperature is proposed. This includes a generalized model that can represent all the commonly used structural time series models for trend ...
Xiaogu Zheng; Reid E. Basher
Downscaling and Bias Correcting a Cold Season Precipitation Climatology over Coastal Southern British Columbia Using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS)
Thirty years of the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) are dynamically downscaled to an 8-km grid spacing using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to generate a climatology of glacier winter accumulation over the southern ...
B. Ainslie; P. L. Jackson
Mesoscale Atmospheric Modeling Using a High Horizontal Grid Resolution over a Complex Coastal Terrain and a Wine Region of South Africa
The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was used to assess local air circulation patterns over the wine-producing Stellenbosch region of South Africa. Numerical simulations using four nested grids (25, 5, and 1 km, and 200 m of horizontal ...
V. Bonnardot; S. Cautenet
A Spatially Distributed Model to Simulate Water, Energy, and Vegetation Dynamics Using Information from Regional Climate Models
Studies seeking to understand the impacts of climate variability and change on the hydrology of a region need to take into account the dynamics of vegetation and its interaction with the hydrologic and energy cycles. Yet, most of the hydrologic ...
M. P. Maneta; N. L. Silverman
Development of Regional Models that Use Meteorological Variables for Predicting Stripe Rust Disease on Winter Wheat
Meteorological variables can be used to predict stripe rust, a disease of wheat caused by Puccinia striiformis West., at Lind, Pullman, and Walla Walla, Washington and Pendleton, Oregon in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Regional ...
Stella Melugin Coakley; William S. Boyd; Roland F. Line
New Theoretical Model of the Complex Edge Region of Fusion Plasmas...
a high pedestal is required for copious fusion energy production in ITER or a fusion power plant, and (2) the large free energy in the pedestal region can drive instabilities...
Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 3. Southern Solar Energy Center Region
This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. Some 2000 projects are included in this compilation; most have worked, some have not. Information about all is presented to aid learning from these experiences. The four volumes in this set are arranged in state sections by geographic region, coinciding with the four Regional Solar Energy Centers. The table of contents is organized by project category so that maximum cross-referencing may be obtained. This volume includes information on the Southern Solar Energy Center Region. (WHK)
Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 4. Western Solar Utilization Network Region
This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. Some 2000 projects are included in this compilation; most have worked, some have not. Information about all is presented to aid learning from these experiences. The four volumes in this set are arranged in state sections by geographic region, coinciding with the four Regional Solar Energy Centers. The table of contents is organized by project category so that maximum cross-referencing may be obtained. This volume includes information on the Western Solar Utilization Network Region. (WHK)
Advances in Predicting Continental Low Stratus with a Regional NWP Model
In the eastern Alpine region, subinversion cloudiness associated with elevated temperature inversions is a frequent phenomenon in autumn and winter, which often persists for several days. Although the prediction of fog and low stratus by ...
Alexander Kann; Harald Seidl; Christoph Wittmann; Thomas Haiden
Implementation of an E�? Parameterization of Vertical Subgrid-Scale Mixing in a Regional Model
An E�? parameterization of subgrid-scale vertical turbulent mixing has been installed in NORAPS (Navy operational Regional Atmospheric Prediction System). The 1.5-order parameterization uses full prognostic equations for turbulence kinetic energy ...
Rolf H. Langland; Chi-Sann Liou
Modeling of Regional Hydroclimate Change over the Indian Subcontinent: Impact of the Expanding Thar Desert
The Thar Desert between northwestern India and Pakistan is the most densely populated desert region in the world, and the vast surrounding areas are affected by rapid soil degradation and vegetation loss. The impact of an expanded desert (...
Massimo Bollasina; Sumant Nigam
A Variable-Resolution Stretched-Grid General Circulation Model: Regional Climate Simulation
The development of and results obtained with a variable-resolution stretched-grid GCM for the regional climate simulation mode are presented. A global variable-resolution stretched grid used in the study has enhanced horizontal resolution over ...
Michael S. Fox-Rabinovitz; Lawrence L. Takacs; Ravi C. Govindaraju; Max J. Suarez
Towards Assessing NARCCAP Regional Climate Model Credibility for the North American Monsoon: Current Climate Simulations
We examine 17 dynamically downscaled simulations produced as part of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) for their skill in reproducing the North American Monsoon system. We focus on precipitation and the ...
Melissa S. Bukovsky; David J. Gochis; Linda O. Mearns
Observations and Numerical Model Simulations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer in the Santa Barbara Coastal Region
Observations of boundary-layer flow within the Santa Barbara region taken on 20 September 1985 revel the presence of a wide variety of flow features, including mesoscale wind vortices sea/land breezes, and thermally driven upslope/downslope ...
J. M. Wilczak; W. F. Dabberdt; R. A. Kropfli
Region-based model of tour planning applied to interactive tour generation
The paper addresses a tour planning problem, which encompasses weakly specified constraints such as different kinds of activities together with corresponding spatial assignments such as locations and regions. Alternative temporal orders of planed activities ...
Inessa Seifert
Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 1. Northeast Solar Energy Center Region
This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. Some 2000 projects are included in this compilation; most have worked, some have not. Information about all is presented to aid learning from these experiences. The four volumes in this set are arranged in state sections by geographic region, coinciding with the four Regional Solar Energy Centers. The table of contents is organized by project category so that maximum cross-referencing may be obtained. This volume includes information on the Northeast Solar Energy Center Region. (WHK).
Preliminary evaluation of techniques for transforming regional climate model output to the potential repository site in support of Yucca Mountain future climate synthesis
The report describes a preliminary evaluation of models for transforming regional climate model output from a regional to a local scale for the Yucca Mountain area. Evaluation and analysis of both empirical and numerical modeling are discussed which is aimed at providing site-specific, climate-based information for use by interfacing activities. Two semiempirical approaches are recommended for further analysis.
Church, H.W.; Zak, B.D.; Behl, Y.K.
A Regional Model Simulation of the 1991 Severe Precipitation Event over the Yangtze�Huai River Valley. Part II: Model Bias
This is the second part of a study investigating the 1991 severe precipitation event over the Yangtze�Huai River valley (YHRV) in China using both observations and regional model simulations. While Part I reported on the Mei-yu front and its ...
Wei Gong; Wei-Chyung Wang
Using a Soil Hydrology Model to Obtain Regionally Averaged Soil Moisture Values
The Soil Hydrology Model (SHM) was modified, and daily simulations of soil volumetric water content were made at 38 Oklahoma Mesonet sites for July 1997. These model results were compared with soil moisture observations made at the mesonet sites ...
Todd M. Crawford; David J. Stensrud; Toby N. Carlson; William J. Capehart
Regional Climates in the GISS Global Circulation Model: Synoptic-Scale Circulation
Model simulations of global climate change are seen as an essential component of any program at understanding human impact on the global environment. A major weakness of current general circulation models (GCMs), however, is their perceived ...
B. Hewitson; R. G. Crane
Elevated Mixed Layers in the Regional Severe Storm Environment: Conceptual Model and Case Studies
A conceptual model of the evolution of the severe local storm environment is discussed in conjunction with three case studies drawn from data obtained during the 1979 SESAME field program. The conceptual model describes how a particular ...
T. N. Carlson; S. G. Benjamin; G. S. Forbes; Y-F. Li
Toward the Use of Coupled Atmospheric and Hydrologic Models at Regional Scale
The purpose of this study is to present the possibilities offered by coupled atmospheric and hydrologic models as a new tool to validate and interpret results produced by atmospheric models. The advantages offered by streamflow observations are ...
Robert Benoit; Pierre Pellerin; Nick Kouwen; Harold Ritchie; Norman Donaldson; Paul Joe; E. D. Soulis
A Parameterization of Heterogeneous Land Surfaces for Atmospheric Numerical Models and Its Impact on Regional Meteorology
Natural land surfaces are usually heterogeneous over the resolvable scales considered in atmospheric numerical models. Therefore, model surface parameterizations that assume surface homogeneity may fail to represent the surface forcing ...
R. Avissar; R. A. Pielke
Impacts of Land Surface Model Complexity on a Regional Simulation of a Tropical Synoptic Event
A multimode Chameleon Surface Model (CHASM) with different levels of complexity in parameterizing surface energy balance is coupled to a limited-area model (DARLAM) to investigate the impacts of complexity in land surface representations on the ...
H. Zhang; J. L. McGregor; A. Henderson-Sellers; J. J. Katzfey
Initialization of Soil-Water Content in Regional-Scale Atmospheric Prediction Models
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of determining the soil-water content fields required as initial conditions for land surface components within atmospheric prediction models. This is done using a model of the hydrologic ...
Christopher B. Smith; Mercedes N. Lakhtakia; William J. Capehart; Toby N. Carlson
Surface Energy Balances of Three General Circulation Models: Implications for Simulating Regional Climate Change
We examine surface energy balances simulated by three general circulation models for current climatic boundary conditions and for an atmosphere with twice current levels of CO2. Differences between model simulations provide a measure of ...
William J. Gutowski Jr.; David S. Gutzler; Wei-Chyung Wang
Ability of a Regional-Scale Model to Predict the Genesis of Intense Mesoscale Convective Systems
This paper presents the mesoscale part of a two-part evaluation of thirty forecasts produced by a mesoscalenumerical weather prediction model (MASS 2.0). The general approach taken to evaluate the mesoscale predictivecapabilities of the model is ...
Steven E. Koch
Evaluating a biomass resource: The TVA region-wide biomass resource assessment model
Wood is an alterative fuel for electric power generation at coal-fired plants in the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) region. Short rotation wood energy crops (SRWC) could provide a source of this woody biomass. However, the economic and supply structures of SRWC markets have not been established. Establishing the likely price and supply of SRWC biomass in a region is a complex task because biomass is not an established commodity as are oil, natural gas and coal. In this study we project the cost and supply of short-rotation woody biomass for the TVA region -- a 276 county area that includes all of Tennessee and portions of 10 contiguous states in the southeastern United States. Projected prices and quantities of SRWC are assumed to be a function of the amount and quality of crop and pasture land available in a region. expected SRWC yields and production costs on differing soils and land types, and the profit that could be obtained from current conventional crop production on these same lands. Results include the supply curve of SRWC biomass that is projected to be available from the entire region, the amount and location of crop and pasture land that would be used, and the conventional agricultural crops that would be displaced as a function of SRWC production. Finally, we show the results of sensitivity analysis on the projected cost and supply of SRWC biomass. In particular, we examine the separate impacts of varying SRWC production yields.
Downing, M.; Graham, R.L.
Studies of regional-scale climate variability and change: Hidden Markov models and coupled ocean-atmosphere modes
In this project we developed further a twin approach to the study of regional-scale climate variability and change. The two approaches involved probabilistic network (PN) models (sometimes called dynamic Bayesian networks) and intermediate-complexity coupled ocean-atmosphere models (ICMs). We thus made progress in identifying the predictable modes of climate variability and investigating their impacts on the regional scale. In previous work sponsored by DOE��?s Climate Change Prediction Program (CCPP), we had developed a family of PNs (similar to Hidden Markov Models) to simulate historical records of daily rainfall, and used them to downscale seasonal predictions of general circulation models (GCMs). Using an idealized atmospheric model, we had established a novel mechanism through which ocean-induced sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies might in�?uence large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns on interannual and longer time scales; similar patterns were found in a hybrid coupled ocean��?atmosphere��?sea-ice model. In this continuation project, we built on these ICM results and PN model development to address prediction of rainfall and temperature statistics at the local scale, associated with global climate variability and change, and to investigate the impact of the latter on coupled ocean��?atmosphere modes. Our main project results consist of extensive further development of the hidden Markov models for rainfall simulation and downscaling together with the development of associated software; new intermediate coupled models; a new methodology of inverse modeling for linking ICMs with observations and GCM simulations, called empirical mode reduction (EMR); and observational studies of decadal and multi-decadal natural climate variability, informed by ICM simulations. A particularly timely by-product of this work is an extensive study of clustering of cyclone tracks in the extratropical Atlantic and the western Tropical Pacific, with potential applications to predicting landfall.
M. Ghil (UCLA), PI; S. Kravtsov (UWM); A. W. Robertson (IRI); P. Smyth (UCI)
Effect of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on Tropical Atlantic Variability: A Regional Coupled Model Study
A simplified coupled ocean�atmosphere model, where an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is fully coupled to a 2�-layer reduced-gravity ocean model (RGO) over the tropical Atlantic basin, is presented in the context of studying the role ...
Caihong Wen; Ping Chang; Ramalingam Saravanan
Comparison of Regional Clear-Sky Albedos Inferred from Satellite Observations and Model Computations
We have taken an important first step in validating climate models by comparing model and satellite inferred clear sky TOA (top-of-atmosphere) albedos. Model albodos were computed on a 1� � 1� latitude-longitude grid, allowing for variations in ...
B. P. Briegleb; P. Minnis; V. Ramanathan; E. Harrison
Global and regional aspects of tropical cyclone activity in the CMIP5 models
Tropical cyclone (TC) activity is analyzed in 14 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The global TC activity in the historical runs is compared with observations. The simulation of TC activity in the CMIP5 models is not as ...
Suzana J. Camargo
Implementation and evaluation of online gas-phase chemistry within a regional climate model (RegCM-CHEM4)
The RegCM-CHEM4 is a new online climate-chemistry model based on the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) regional climate model (RegCM4). Tropospheric gas-phase chemistry is integrated into the climate model using the condensed version of the Carbon Bond Mechanism (CBM-Z; Zaveri and Peters, 1999) with a fast solver based on radical balances. We evaluate the model over Continental Europe for two different time scales: (1) an event-based analysis of the ozone episode associated with the heat wave of August 2003 and (2) a climatological analysis of a sixyear simulation (2000-2005). For the episode analysis, model simulations show good agreement with European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) observations of hourly ozone over different regions in Europe and capture ozone concentrations during and after the August 2003 heat wave event. For long-term climate simulations, the model captures the seasonal cycle of ozone concentrations with some over prediction of ozone concentrations in non-heat wave summers. Overall, the ozone and ozone precursor evaluation shows the feasibility of using RegCM-CHEM4 for decadal-length simulations of chemistry-climate interactions.
Shalaby, A. K.; Zakey, A. S.; Tawfik, A. B.; Solmon, F.; Giorgi, Filippo; Stordal, F.; Sillman, S.; Zaveri, Rahul A.; Steiner, A. L.
A Regional Climatography of West Nile, Uganda, to Support Human Plague Modeling
The West Nile region in northwestern Uganda is a focal point for human plague, which peaks in boreal autumn and is spread by fleas that travel on rodent hosts. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is collaborating with the National ...
Andrew J. Monaghan; Katherine MacMillan; Sean M. Moore; Paul S. Mead; Mary H. Hayden; Rebecca J. Eisen
The Columbia Regional Geospatial Service Center System: A Proven Model for the United States
During the past 20 years, the role of geospatial technology in society has increased dramatically. However, the impact of these technologies in rural areas remains minimal. In Texas, a federally funded project called the Columbia Regional Geospatial ... Keywords: Distributed, Emergency, Geospatial, Response, Technology
P. R. Blackwell; Darrel McDonald
A Curvilinear Ocean Model Using a Grid Regionally Compressed in the South Indian Ocean
It is shown that a global curvilinear grid with variable resolution is an efficient way of providing a high density of grid points in a particular region. In equilibrium experiments using asynchronous time steps, this type of grid has been found ...
Ross J. Murray; C. J. C. Reason
Improvements in Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts with the Eta Regional Model at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction: The 48-km Upgrade
Since 9 June 1993, the eta coordinate regional model has been run twice daily at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP, previously the National Meteorological Center) as the NCEP's �early� operational model. Its performance is ...
Fedor Mesinger
Changes in 20th century extreme temperature and precipitation over the western United States based on observations and regional climate model simulations
Trends in extreme temperature and precipitation in two regional climate model simulations forced by two global climate models are compared with observed trends over the western United States. The observed temperature extremes show substantial and ...
Asian monsoon and the Indian Ocean dipole25,26 Models have been used to investigate the regional effect of varying
Asian monsoon and the Indian Ocean dipole25,26 . Models have been used to investigate the regional with consequences for the monsoon7,8,28 . Although models investi- gate the contrast between `off' and `on' ITF5
Burgess, Neil
Assessment of Dynamical Downscaling in Near-Surface Fields with Different Spectral Nudging Approaches Using the Nested Regional Climate Model (NRCM)
Dynamic downscaling with regional-scale climate models is used widely for increasing the spatial resolution of global-scale climate model projections. One uncertainty in generating these projections is the choice of boundary forcing applied. In ...
Jiali Wang; Veerabhadra R. Kotamarthi
A Habitat-based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region
Most previous studies on collision impacts at wind facilities have taken place at the site-specific level and have only examined small-scale influences on mortality. In this study, we examine landscape-level influences using a hierarchical spatial model combined with existing datasets and life history knowledge for: Horned Lark, Red-eyed Vireo, Mallard, American Avocet, Golden Eagle, Whooping Crane, red bat, silver-haired bat, and hoary bat. These species were modeled in the central United States within Bird Conservation Regions 11, 17, 18, and 19. For the bird species, we modeled bird abundance from existing datasets as a function of habitat variables known to be preferred by each species to develop a relative abundance prediction for each species. For bats, there are no existing abundance datasets so we identified preferred habitat in the landscape for each species and assumed that greater amounts of preferred habitat would equate to greater abundance of bats. The abundance predictions for bird and bats were modeled with additional exposure factors known to influence collisions such as visibility, wind, temperature, precipitation, topography, and behavior to form a final mapped output of predicted collision risk within the study region. We reviewed published mortality studies from wind farms in our study region and collected data on reported mortality of our focal species to compare to our modeled predictions. We performed a sensitivity analysis evaluating model performance of 6 different scenarios where habitat and exposure factors were weighted differently. We compared the model performance in each scenario by evaluating observed data vs. our model predictions using spearmans rank correlations. Horned Lark collision risk was predicted to be highest in the northwestern and west-central portions of the study region with lower risk predicted elsewhere. Red-eyed Vireo collision risk was predicted to be the highest in the eastern portions of the study region and in the forested areas of the western portion; the lowest risk was predicted in the treeless portions of the northwest portion of the study area. Mallard collision risk was predicted to be highest in the eastern central portion of the prairie potholes and in Iowa which has a high density of pothole wetlands; lower risk was predicted in the more arid portions of the study area. Predicted collision risk for American Avocet was similar to Mallard and was highest in the prairie pothole region and lower elsewhere. Golden Eagle collision risk was predicted to be highest in the mountainous areas of the western portion of the study area and lowest in the eastern portion of the prairie potholes. Whooping Crane predicted collision risk was highest within the migration corridor that the birds follow through in the central portion of the study region; predicted collision risk was much lower elsewhere. Red bat collision risk was highly driven by large tracts of forest and river corridors which made up most of the areas of higher collision risk. Silver-haired bat and hoary bat predicted collision risk were nearly identical and driven largely by forest and river corridors as well as locations with warmer temperatures, and lower average wind speeds. Horned Lark collisions were mostly influenced by abundance and predictions showed a moderate correlation between observed and predicted mortality (r = 0.55). Red bat, silver-haired bat, and hoary bat predictions were much higher and shown a strong correlations with observed mortality with correlations of 0.85, 0.90, and 0.91 respectively. Red bat collisions were influenced primarily by habitat, while hoary bat and silver-haired bat collisions were influenced mainly by exposure variables. Stronger correlations between observed and predicted collision for bats than for Horned Larks can likely be attributed to stronger habitat associations and greater influences of weather on behavior for bats. Although the collision predictions cannot be compared among species, our model outputs provide a convenient and easy landscape-level tool to quick
Forcey, Greg, M.
Regional Weather Prediction with a Model Combining Terrain-following and Isentropic Coordinates. Part I: Model Description
A short-range numerical prediction model, which is part of a real-time 3-h data assimilation and forecast system, is described. The distinguishing feature of the model is the use of terrain-following (?) coordinate surfaces in the lower ...
Rainer Bleck; Stanley G. Benjamin
Modeling Analysis of the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study
Particulate sulfate compounds account for approximately half of the particulate matter (PM) during periods of poor visibility at Big Bend National Park (BBNP). Poor visibility is associated with two distinct meteorological regimes -- one dominated by flow from Mexico during spring and summer months and another characterized by transport from regions northeast of BBNP during fall months. Accordingly, the monitoring component of BRAVO took place from July to October 1999. More than 30 sites were establishe...
A Guide for Using the Transient Ground-Water Flow Model of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California
This report is a guide for executing numerical simulations with the transient ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California using the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model, MODFLOW-2000. Model inputs, including observations of hydraulic head, discharge, and boundary flows, are summarized. Modification of the DVRFS transient ground-water model is discussed for two common uses of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system model: predictive pumping scenarios that extend beyond the end of the model simulation period (1998), and model simulations with only steady-state conditions.
Joan B. Blainey; Claudia C. Faunt, and Mary C. Hill
Simulations of present and future climates in the western U.S. with four nested regional climate models
We analyze simulations of present and future climates in the western U.S. performed with four regional climate models (RCMs) nested within two global ocean-atmosphere climate models. Our primary goal is to assess the range of regional climate responses to increased greenhouse gases in available RCM simulations. The four RCMs used different geographical domains, different increased greenhouse gas scenarios for future-climate simulations, and (in some cases) different lateral boundary conditions. For simulations of the present climate, we compare RCM results to observations and to results of the GCM that provided lateral boundary conditions to the RCM. For future-climate (increased greenhouse gas) simulations, we compare RCM results to each other and to results of the driving GCMs. When results are spatially averaged over the western U.S., we find that the results of each RCM closely follow those of the driving GCM in the same region, in both present and future climates. In present-climate simulations, the RCMs have biases in spatially-averaged simulated precipitation and near-surface temperature that seem to be very close to those of the driving GCMs. In future-climate simulations, the spatially-averaged RCM-projected responses in precipitation and near-surface temperature are also very close to those of the respective driving GCMs. Precipitation responses predicted by the RCMs are in many regions not statistically significant compared to interannual variability. Where the predicted precipitation responses are statistically significant, they are positive. The models agree that near-surface temperatures will increase, but do not agree on the spatial pattern of this increase. The four RCMs produce very different estimates of water content of snow in the present climate, and of the change in this water content in response to increased greenhouse gases.
Duffy, P B; Arritt, R W; Coquard, J; Gutowski, W; Han, J; Iorio, J; Kim, J; Leung, L R; Roads, J; Zeledon, E
Integrated Canada-U.S. Power Sector Modeling with the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS)
The electric power system in North America is linked between the United States and Canada. Canada has historically been a net exporter of electricity to the United States. The extent to which this remains true will depend on the future evolution of power markets, technology deployment, and policies. To evaluate these and related questions, we modify the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model to include an explicit representation of the grid-connected power system in Canada to the continental United States. ReEDS is unique among long-term capacity expansion models for its high spatial resolution and statistical treatment of the impact of variable renewable generation on capacity planning and dispatch. These unique traits are extended to new Canadian regions. We present example scenario results using the fully integrated Canada-U.S. version of ReEDS to demonstrate model capabilities. The newly developed, integrated Canada-U.S. ReEDS model can be used to analyze the dynamics of electricity transfers and other grid services between the two countries under different scenarios.
Martinez, A.; Eurek, K.; Mai, T.; Perry, A.
Recent Advances in Regional Climate System Modeling and Climate Change Analyses of Extreme Heat
upgrade, as compared to the MM5-NOAH, has improved snowmelt,the MM5 code includes the NOAH land surface model within of2002 were produced by MM5-NOAH and MM5-CLM (denoted as Old
Miller, Norman L.
How Well Do Large-Scale Models Reproduce Regional Hydrological Extremes in Europe?
This paper presents a new methodology for assessing the ability of gridded hydrological models to reproduce large-scale hydrological high and low flow events (as a proxy for hydrological extremes) as described by catalogues of historical droughts [...
Christel Prudhomme; Simon Parry; Jamie Hannaford; Douglas B. Clark; Stefan Hagemann; Frank Voss
Hydrologic implications of different large-scale meteorological model forcing datasets in mountainous regions
Process-based hydrologic models require extensive meteorological forcing data, including data on precipitation, temperature, shortwave and longwave radiation, humidity, surface pressure and wind speed. Observations of precipitation and temperature ...
Naoki Mizukami; Martyn Clark; Andrew Slater; Levi Brekke; Marketa Elsner; Jeffrey Arnold; Subhrendu Gangopadhyay
Prediction of Nine Explosive Cyclones over the Western Atlantic Ocean with a Regional Model
A series of 14 numerical experiments were conducted using the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model on nine cases of explosive marine cyclogenesis. The main objective was to identify key factors ...
Ying-Hwa Kuo; Simon Low-Nam
A Conterminous United States Multilayer Soil Characteristics Dataset for Regional Climate and Hydrology Modeling
Soil information is now widely required by many climate and hydrology models and soil�vegetation�atmosphere transfer schemes. This paper describes the development of a multilayer soil characteristics dataset for the conterminous United States (...
Douglas A. Miller; Richard A. White
Sensitivity of the Modeled North American Monsoon Regional Climate to Convective Parameterization
This paper documents the sensitivity of the modeled evolution of the North American monsoon system (NAMS) to convective parameterization in terms of thermodynamic and circulation characteristics, stability profiles, and precipitation. The ...
David J. Gochis; W. James Shuttleworth; Zong-Liang Yang
Stochastic Characterization of Regional Circulation Patterns for Climate Model Diagnosis and Estimation of Local Precipitation
Two statistical approaches for linking large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and daily local rainfall are applied to GCM (general circulation model) climate simulations. The ultimate objective is to simulate local precipitation associated ...
Eduardo Zorita; James P. Hughes; Dennis P. Lettemaier; Hans von Storch
A Split Quasi-Lagrangian Method for Use in a Regional Barotropic Model
An economical advection scheme with linear high-order accuracy is described. A splitting technique is not only used to solve the equations a barotropic model, but is used to split the two dimensional quasi-Lagrangian advection with one-...
Teng Jiamo
Consistency in Global Climate Change Model Predictions of Regional Precipitation Trends
Projections of human-induced climate change impacts arising from the emission of atmospheric chemical constituents such as carbon dioxide typically utilize multiple integrations (or ensembles) of numerous numerical climate change models to arrive ...
Bruce T. Anderson; Catherine Reifen; Ralf Toumi
Regional Climates in the GISS General Circulation Model: Surface Air Temperature
One of the more viable research techniques into global climate change for the purpose of understanding the consequent environmental impacts is based on the use of general circulation models (GCMs). However, GCMs are currently unable to reliably ...
Bruce Hewitson
Reproducible and Irreproducible Components in Ensemble Simulations with a Regional Climate Model
High-resolution limited-area models (LAMs) have been widely employed to downscale coarse-resolution climate simulations or objective analyses. The growing evidence that LAM climate statistics can be sensitive to initial conditions suggests that a ...
Leo Separovic; Ramon de El�a; Ren� Laprise
Uncertainty Propagation of Regional Climate Model Precipitation Forecasts to Hydrologic Impact Assessment
A Monte Carlo framework is adopted for propagating uncertainty in dynamically downscaled seasonal forecasts of area-averaged daily precipitation to associated streamflow response calculations. Daily precipitation is modeled as a mixture of two ...
Phaedon C. Kyriakidis; Norman L. Miller; Jinwon Kim
Predictability of SST in a Stochastic Climate Model and Its Application to the Kuroshio Extension Region
The influence of deterministic forcing on SST predictability is investigated in a zero-dimensional, stochastic, coupled atmosphere�ocean climate model. The SST anomaly predictability time is found to be very sensitive to the properties of the ...
Robert B. Scott; Bo Qiu
A Diagnostic Modelling Study of the Trailing Stratiform Region of a Midlatitude Squall Line
A kinematic model with continuity equations for sensible heat, water vapor, cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow, and graupel is used to determine the steady state thermodynamic and microphysical processes associated with the observed mesoscale air ...
Steven A. Rutledge; Robert A. Houze Jr.
Dynamical Downscaling of Austral Summer Climate Forecasts over Southern Africa Using a Regional Coupled Model
The prediction skill of dynamical downscaling is evaluated for climate forecasts over southern Africa using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. As a case study, forecasts for the December�February (DJF) season of ...
J. V. Ratnam; S. K. Behera; S. B. Ratna; C. J. de W. Rautenbach; C. Lennard; J.-J. Luo; Y. Masumoto; K. Takahashi; T. Yamagata
Observed Scaling in Clouds and Precipitation and Scale Incognizance in Regional to Global Atmospheric Models
We use observations of robust scaling behavior in clouds and precipitation to derive constraints on how partitioning of precipitation should change with model resolution. Our analysis indicates that 90�99% of stratiform precipitation should occur ...
Travis A. O�Brien; Fuyu Li; William D. Collins; Sara A. Rauscher; Todd D. Ringler; Mark Taylor; Samson M. Hagos; L. Ruby Leung
Modeling and design of control system for variable speed wind turbine in all operating region
In order to get the maximum power from the wind, the variable-speed wind turbine should run at different speed when wind speed changes. In this paper a control system is introduced to get this purpose base on establishing the three-mass model of the ... Keywords: doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), feed-forward compensator, loop-shaping, pitch controller, speed controller, three-mass model, wind turbine
Wu Dingguo; Wang Zhixin
Ecosystem Feedbacks to Climate Change in California: Development, Testing, and Analysis Using a Coupled Regional Atmosphere and Land Surface Model (WRF3�CLM3.5)
A regional atmosphere model [Weather Research and Forecasting model version 3 (WRF3)] and a land surface model [Community Land Model, version 3.5 (CLM3.5)] were coupled to study the interactions between the atmosphere and possible future ...
Z. M. Subin; W. J. Riley; J. Jin; D. S. Christianson; M. S. Torn; L. M. Kueppers
Final Technical Report for "Collaborative Research: Regional climate-change projections through next-generation empirical and dynamical models"
This project was a continuation of previous work under DOE CCPP funding in which we developed a twin approach of non-homogeneous hidden Markov models (NHMMs) and coupled ocean-atmosphere (O-A) intermediate-complexity models (ICMs) to identify the potentially predictable modes of climate variability, and to investigate their impacts on the regional-scale. We have developed a family of latent-variable NHMMs to simulate historical records of daily rainfall, and used them to downscale seasonal predictions. We have also developed empirical mode reduction (EMR) models for gaining insight into the underlying dynamics in observational data and general circulation model (GCM) simulations. Using coupled O-A ICMs, we have identified a new mechanism of interdecadal climate variability, involving the midlatitude oceans mesoscale eddy field and nonlinear, persistent atmospheric response to the oceanic anomalies. A related decadal mode is also identified, associated with the oceans thermohaline circulation. The goal of the continuation was to build on these ICM results and NHMM/EMR model developments and software to strengthen two key pillars of support for the development and application of climate models for climate change projections on time scales of decades to centuries, namely: (a) dynamical and theoretical understanding of decadal-to-interdecadal oscillations and their predictability; and (b) an interface from climate models to applications, in order to inform societal adaptation strategies to climate change at the regional scale, including model calibration, correction, downscaling and, most importantly, assessment and interpretation of spread and uncertainties in multi-model ensembles. Our main results from the grant consist of extensive further development of the hidden Markov models for rainfall simulation and downscaling specifically within the non-stationary climate change context together with the development of parallelized software; application of NHMMs to downscaling of rainfall projections over India; identification and analysis of decadal climate signals in data and models; and, studies of climate variability in terms of the dynamics of atmospheric flow regimes. Each of these project components is elaborated on below, followed by a list of publications resulting from the grant.
Robertson, A.W.; Ghil, M.; Kravtsov, K.; Smyth, P.J.
This project was a continuation of previous work under DOE CCPP funding in which we developed a twin approach of non-homogeneous hidden Markov models (NHMMs) and coupled ocean-atmosphere (O-A) intermediate-complexity models (ICMs) to identify the potentially predictable modes of climate variability, and to investigate their impacts on the regional-scale. We have developed a family of latent-variable NHMMs to simulate historical records of daily rainfall, and used them to downscale seasonal predictions. We have also developed empirical mode reduction (EMR) models for gaining insight into the underlying dynamics in observational data and general circulation model (GCM) simulations. Using coupled O-A ICMs, we have identified a new mechanism of interdecadal climate variability, involving the midlatitude oceans�?? mesoscale eddy field and nonlinear, persistent atmospheric response to the oceanic anomalies. A related decadal mode is also identified, associated with the oceans�?? thermohaline circulation. The goal of the continuation was to build on these ICM results and NHMM/EMR model developments and software to strengthen two key pillars of support for the development and application of climate models for climate change projections on time scales of decades to centuries, namely: (a) dynamical and theoretical understanding of decadal-to-interdecadal oscillations and their predictability; and (b) an interface from climate models to applications, in order to inform societal adaptation strategies to climate change at the regional scale, including model calibration, correction, downscaling and, most importantly, assessment and interpretation of spread and uncertainties in multi-model ensembles. Our main results from the grant consist of extensive further development of the hidden Markov models for rainfall simulation and downscaling specifically within the non-stationary climate change context together with the development of parallelized software; application of NHMMs to downscaling of rainfall projections over India; identification and analysis of decadal climate signals in data and models; and, studies of climate variability in terms of the dynamics of atmospheric flow regimes. Each of these project components is elaborated on below, followed by a list of publications resulting from the grant.
Kravtsov, S.; Robertson, A. W.; Ghil, M.; Smyth, P. J.
Discrete-Time Block Models for Transmission Line Channels: Static and Doubly Selective Cases
Most methodologies for modeling Transmission Line (TL) based channels define the input-output relationship in the frequency domain (FD) and handle the TL resorting to a two-port network (2PN) formalism. These techniques have not yet been formally mapped into a discrete-time (DT) block model, which is useful to simulate and estimate the channel response as well as to design optimal precoding strategies. TL methods also fall short when they are applied to Time Varying (TV) systems, such as the power line channel. The objective of this paper is to establish if and how one can introduce a DT block model for the Power Line Channel. We prove that it is possible to use Lifting and Trailing Zeros (L&TZ) techniques to derive a DT block model that maps the TL-based input-output description directly in the time domain (TD) block channel model. More specifically, we find an interesting relationship between the elements of an ABCD matrix, defined in the FD, and filtering kernels that allow an elegant representation of...
Galli, Stefano
Chemical-Specific Representation of Air-Soil Exchange and Soil Penetration in Regional Multimedia Models
In multimedia mass-balance models, the soil compartment is an important sink as well as a conduit for transfers to vegetation and shallow groundwater. Here a novel approach for constructing soil transport algorithms for multimedia fate models is developed and evaluated. The resulting algorithms account for diffusion in gas and liquid components; advection in gas, liquid, or solid phases; and multiple transformation processes. They also provide an explicit quantification of the characteristic soil penetration depth. We construct a compartment model using three and four soil layers to replicate with high reliability the flux and mass distribution obtained from the exact analytical solution describing the transient dispersion, advection, and transformation of chemicals in soil with fixed properties and boundary conditions. Unlike the analytical solution, which requires fixed boundary conditions, the soil compartment algorithms can be dynamically linked to other compartments (air, vegetation, ground water, surface water) in multimedia fate models. We demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the algorithms in a model with applications to benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, MTBE, TCDD, and tritium.
McKone, T.E.; Bennett, D.H.
An Efficient Approach to Modeling the Topographic Control of Surface Hydrology for Regional and Global Climate Modeling
The current generation of land-surface models used in GCMs view the soil column as the fundamental hydrologic unit. While this may be effective in simulating such processes as the evolution of ground temperatures and the growth/ablation of a ...
Marc Stieglitz; David Rind; James Famiglietti; Cynthia Rosenzweig
Lifecycle Assessment of Beijing-Area Building Energy Use and Emissions: Summary Findings and Policy Applications
input-output LCA model,� Energy Policy, In Press, Correctedmodels forecast,� Energy Policy 36, no. 5 (May 2008): 1736-input-output LCA model,� Energy Policy In Press, Corrected
Aden, Nathaniel
Thermodynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in a Regional Model with Constrained Moisture
In order to identify the main thermodynamic processes that sustain the Madden Julian Oscillation, an eddy available potential energy budget analysis is performed on a WRF simulation with moisture constrained by observations. The model realistically simulates the two MJO episodes observed during the winter of 2007-2008. The analysis shows that instabilities and damping associated with variations in diabatic heating and energy transport work in concert to provide the MJO with its observed characteristics. The results are used to construct a simplified paradigm of MJO thermodynamics. Furthermore, the effect of moisture nudging on the simulation is analyzed to understand the limitations of the model cumulus parameterization. Without moisture nudging, the parameterization fails to provide adequate low-level (upper-level) moistening during the early (late) stage of the MJO active phase. The moistening plays a critical role in providing stratiform heating variability that is an important source of eddy available potential energy for the model MJO.
Hagos, Samson M.; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Dudhia, Jimy
Borders as membranes :metaphors and models for improved policy in border regions.
Political borders are controversial and contested spaces. In an attempt to better understand movement along and through political borders, this project applied the metaphor of a membrane to look at how people, ideas, and things ''move'' through a border. More specifically, the research team employed this metaphor in a system dynamics framework to construct a computer model to assess legal and illegal migration on the US-Mexico border. Employing a metaphor can be helpful, as it was in this project, to gain different perspectives on a complex system. In addition to the metaphor, the multidisciplinary team utilized an array of methods to gather data including traditional literature searches, an experts workshop, a focus group, interviews, and culling expertise from the individuals on the research team. Results from the qualitative efforts revealed strong social as well as economic drivers that motivate individuals to cross the border legally. Based on the information gathered, the team concluded that legal migration dynamics were of a scope we did not want to consider hence, available demographic models sufficiently capture migration at the local level. Results from both the quantitative and qualitative data searches were used to modify a 1977 border model to demonstrate the dynamic nature of illegal migration. Model runs reveal that current US-policies based on neo-classic economic theory have proven ineffective in curbing illegal migration, and that proposed enforcement policies are also likely to be ineffective. We suggest, based on model results, that improvement in economic conditions within Mexico may have the biggest impact on illegal migration to the U.S. The modeling also supports the views expressed in the current literature suggesting that demographic and economic changes within Mexico are likely to slow illegal migration by 2060 with no special interventions made by either government.
Malczynski, Leonard A.; Passell, Howard David; Forster, Craig B. (University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT); Cockerill, Kristan (Cockerill Consulting, Boone, NC)
Regional residual plots for assessing the fit of linear regression models
An intuitively appealing lack-of-fit test to assess the adequacy of a regression model is introduced together with a graphical diagnostic tool. The graphical method itself includes a formal testing procedure, and, it is particularly useful to detect ... Keywords: Diagnostic tool, Graphical method, Lack-of-fit, Multiple regression
E. Deschepper; O. Thas; J. P. Ottoy
Ocean Model Diagnosis of Low-Frequency Climate Variability in the South Atlantic Region
South Atlantic Ocean variability is investigated by means of an ocean general circulation model (ORCA2), forced with the NCEP�NCAR reanalyses for the 1948�99 period. A rotated EOF analysis of the mixed layer temperature suggests a breakdown of ...
Frank Colberg; C. J. C. Reason
Assessment of Twentieth-Century Regional Surface Temperature Trends Using the GFDL CM2 Coupled Models
Historical climate simulations of the period 1861�2000 using two new Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) global climate models (CM2.0 and CM2.1) are compared with observed surface temperatures. All-forcing runs include the effects of ...
T. R. Knutson; T. L. Delworth; K. W. Dixon; I. M. Held; J. Lu; V. Ramaswamy; M. D. Schwarzkopf; G. Stenchikov; R. J. Stouffer
. Powell, Chairperson Pierre Flament Glenn S. Carter #12;© Copyright by Rebecca E. Baltes 2011 #12. Glenn Carter for serving on my committee as well as for all the help learning how to code efficiently and Background Circulation 14 2.4: Model Consistency 16 2.5: HIOG and Mamala Bay Circulation 24 Chapter 3
Luther, Douglas S.
Multiply Nested Regional Climate Simulation for Southern South America: Sensitivity to Model Resolution
Results are reported from two 5-month-long simulations for southern South America using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University�NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The periods of simulation correspond to May�September 1997 and 1998, which were ...
Maisa Rojas
Verification of an Atmospheric Mixed-Layer Model for a Coastal Region
An evaluation of the ability of an integrated (slab) marine atmospheric boundary-layer (MABL) model to predict changes in the inversion and mixed-layer temperature and humidity using data from the Los Angeles-San Diego Basin is described. The ...
K. L. Davidson; C. W. Fairall; P. Jones Boyle; G. E. Schacher
A biologically-consistent stand growth model for loblolly pine in the Piedmont physiographic region, USA
climate, nutrition and carbon cycling modules for studying the effects of a changing environment. Key words: Pinus taeda, state space,, hybrid model, carbon, climate change, forest nutrition 1. Introduction, vegetation control, or genetic improvement. In- creasingly, there is interest in predicting responses to cli
García, Oscar
Three-dimensional modeling of subionospheric VLF propagation in the presence of localized D region perturbations associated with lightning
A theoretical model of single-mode, subionospheric VLF wave propagation in the presence of localized perturbations of the nighttime D region has been developed. Such perturbations could be produced, for example, by lightning-induced electron precipitation associated with a characteristic type of phase or amplitude perturbation in VLF signals known as Trimpi events. The model assumes that the ionospheric perturbation is slowly varying in the horizontal plane and that mode-coupling is therefore negligible, and accounts for (1) effects of perturbations with finite extent in the dimension transverse to the great circle (GC) path between transmitter and receiver, and (2) effects of perturbations which lie off the GC path as well as on it. The formulation used for the numerical calculations depends significantly on the mode refractive index of the ambient Earth-ionosphere waveguide and the mode refractive index in the region of the perturbation. In the calculations values for the mode refractive index are determined from the electron-density-versus-altitude profiles of both the ambient and perturbed ionospheres. Values for changes in the amplitude and phase of a received signal were obtained from the model and compared with amplitude and phase measurements of a VLF signal received at Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the NPM transmitter (23.4 kHz) in Hawaii during energetic electron precipitation events.
Poulsen, W.L.; Bell, T.F.; Inan, U.S. (Stanford Univ., CA (United States))
PRISM 2.0: Personal Transportation Module of the U.S. Regional Economy, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy (US-REGEN) Model: A Guide to Operation and Development
The personal transportation/electric vehicle penetration module (Transportation Module) of the U.S. Regional Economy, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy (US-REGEN) integrated regional macroeconomic model is a structural economic model of personal vehicle purchase and driving behaviors that focuses on the adoption of electric vehicles. The module employs a representation of consumers� demographics, existing vehicles, vehicle choices, and preferences for vehicle characteristics to model personal vehicle ...
NREL: Water Power Research - Economic and Power System Modeling and
Economic and Power System Modeling and Analysis Economic and Power System Modeling and Analysis NREL's Economic Analysis and power system modeling integrates data from device deployment and programmatic research into deployment and scenario models to quantify the economic and societal benefits of developing cost-competitive marine and hydrokinetic systems. It also identifies policy mechanisms, market designs, and supply chain needs to support various deployment scenarios, provide information and training to potential members of the marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) industry and effectively collaborate with all associated stakeholders. JEDI Modeling NREL worked with industry members to develop and provide public access to an easy-to-use input-output model that estimates the jobs and economic development impacts (JEDI) of MHK projects in the United States. The JEDI
Summary of the GRI regional sectoral electricity model and the issues relating to those results. Occasional pub
Results are summarized for an analysis of the U.S. electric utility industry conducted as an outgrowth of the '1984 GRI Baseline Projection of U.S. Energy Supply and Demand, 1983-2010.' The GRI Regional Sectoral Electricity Model shows a potential increase in gas demand by electric utilities of over one quad by the year 2000 if gas-fired combined-cycle is used to help offset any potential shortfall in generating capacity. Key issues emerging from the study include load growth, new generating capacity, capacity utilization, fuel choice, financial performance, and electricity prices.
Hilt, R.H.; Coyne, J.M.; Makovich, L.J.
Statistical Model for Meteorological Elements Based on Local Radiosonde Measurements in Mediterranean Region
A comprehensive statistical model is developed for vertical profiles of the horizontal wind and temperature throughout the troposphere based on several-years radiosonde measurements of strong winds. The profiles measured under quite different atmospheric conditions exhibit qualitative similarity. A proper choice of the reference scales for the wind, temperature and altitude levels allow us to consider the measurement data as realizations of a random process with universal characteristics: means, the basic functions and parameters of standard distributions for transform coefficients of the Principal Component Analysis. The features of the atmospheric conditions are described by statistical characteristics of the wind-temperature ensemble of dimensional reference scales. The model can be useful for air pollution and safety in high-risk areas such as chemical and nuclear plants.
Virtser, A; Shtemler, Yu M
Regional groundwater flow and tritium transport modeling and risk assessment of the underground test area, Nevada Test Site, Nevada
The groundwater flow system of the Nevada Test Site and surrounding region was evaluated to estimate the highest potential current and near-term risk to the public and the environment from groundwater contamination downgradient of the underground nuclear testing areas. The highest, or greatest, potential risk is estimated by assuming that several unusually rapid transport pathways as well as public and environmental exposures all occur simultaneously. These conservative assumptions may cause risks to be significantly overestimated. However, such a deliberate, conservative approach ensures that public health and environmental risks are not underestimated and allows prioritization of future work to minimize potential risks. Historical underground nuclear testing activities, particularly detonations near or below the water table, have contaminated groundwater near testing locations with radioactive and nonradioactive constituents. Tritium was selected as the contaminant of primary concern for this phase of the project because it is abundant, highly mobile, and represents the most significant contributor to the potential radiation dose to humans for the short term. It was also assumed that the predicted risk to human health and the environment from tritium exposure would reasonably represent the risk from other, less mobile radionuclides within the same time frame. Other contaminants will be investigated at a later date. Existing and newly collected hydrogeologic data were compiled for a large area of southern Nevada and California, encompassing the Nevada Test Site regional groundwater flow system. These data were used to develop numerical groundwater flow and tritium transport models for use in the prediction of tritium concentrations at hypothetical human and ecological receptor locations for a 200-year time frame. A numerical, steady-state regional groundwater flow model was developed to serve as the basis for the prediction of the movement of tritium from the underground testing areas on a regional scale. The groundwater flow model was used in conjunction with a particle-tracking code to define the pathlines followed by groundwater particles originating from 415 points associated with 253 nuclear test locations. Three of the most rapid pathlines were selected for transport simulations. These pathlines are associated with three nuclear test locations, each representing one of the three largest testing areas. These testing locations are: BOURBON on Yucca Flat, HOUSTON on Central Pahute Mesa, and TYBO on Western Pahute Mesa. One-dimensional stochastic tritium transport simulations were performed for the three pathlines using the Monte Carlo method with Latin hypercube sampling. For the BOURBON and TYBO pathlines, sources of tritium from other tests located along the same pathline were included in the simulations. Sensitivity analyses were also performed on the transport model to evaluate the uncertainties associated with the geologic model, the rates of groundwater flow, the tritium source, and the transport parameters. Tritium concentration predictions were found to be mostly sensitive to the regional geology in controlling the horizontal and vertical position of transport pathways. The simulated concentrations are also sensitive to matrix diffusion, an important mechanism governing the migration of tritium in fractured carbonate and volcanic rocks. Source term concentration uncertainty is most important near the test locations and decreases in importance as the travel distance increases. The uncertainty on groundwater flow rates is as important as that on matrix diffusion at downgradient locations. The risk assessment was performed to provide conservative and bounding estimates of the potential risks to human health and the environment from tritium in groundwater. Risk models were designed by coupling scenario-specific tritium intake with tritium dose models and cancer and genetic risk estimates using the Monte Carlo method. Estimated radiation doses received by individuals from chronic exposure to tritium, and the corre
Long-Term Climate Modeling and Hydrological Response to Climate Cycles in the Yucca Mountain Region
Climate and its influence on hydrological conditions are important considerations in the evaluation of the Yucca Mountain (YM) site as a geologic repository for disposal of U.S. commercial spent nuclear fuel and defense high level radioactive wastes. This report updates previous EPRI studies (reports 1013445 and 1015045), which produced a quantitative and paleo-climate-calibrated/verified model of how climate, infiltration, and YM flow properties might appear in the future. The studies also supported ass...
Forest dynamics at regional scales: predictive models constrained with inventory data
infrequent but have extreme impacts. Models of the relationship between wind and fire events and vegetation have revealed impacts on species composition and stand biomass (Hickler et al., 2004), size structure (Liedloff and Cook, 2007; Uriarte et al., 2009... limitation, that resource use and supply are equal, birth and death rates are equal and that stems' allometry and demographic rates are as defined above, allowing predictions such as stand size distribution, canopy structure and resource use (West et al...
Lines, Emily
We use SDO/HMI and SOLIS/VSM photospheric magnetic field measurements to model the force-free coronal field above a solar active region, assuming magnetic forces dominate. We take measurement uncertainties caused by, e.g., noise and the particular inversion technique, into account. After searching for the optimum modeling parameters for the particular data sets, we compare the resulting nonlinear force-free model fields. We show the degree of agreement of the coronal field reconstructions from the different data sources by comparing the relative free energy content, the vertical distribution of the magnetic pressure, and the vertically integrated current density. Though the longitudinal and transverse magnetic flux measured by the VSM and HMI is clearly different, we find considerable similarities in the modeled fields. This indicates the robustness of the algorithm we use to calculate the nonlinear force-free fields against differences and deficiencies of the photospheric vector maps used as an input. We also depict how much the absolute values of the total force-free, virial, and the free magnetic energy differ and how the orientation of the longitudinal and transverse components of the HMI- and VSM-based model volumes compare to each other.
Thalmann, J. K.; Wiegelmann, T. [Max-Plank-Institut fuer Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau (Germany); Pietarila, A. [National Solar Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719 (United States); Sun, X., E-mail: email@example.com [W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States)
Recent Advances in Regional Climate System Modeling and ClimateChange Analyses of Extreme Heat
During the period May 2003 to May 2004, there were two CEC/PIER funded primary research activities by the Atmosphere and Ocean Sciences Group/Earth Science Division at LBNL. These activities are the implementation and testing of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Land Model (CLM) into MM5, and the analysis of extreme heat days under a new set of climate simulations. The new version of MM5,MM5-CLM, has been tested for a 90 day snowmelt period in the northwestern U.S. Results show that this new code upgrade, as compared to the MM5-NOAH, has improved snowmelt, temperature, and precipitation when compared to observations. These are due in part to a subgrid scheme,advanced snow processes, and advanced vegetation. The climate change analysis is the upper and lower IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios, representing fossil fuel intensive and energy conserving future emission scenarios, and medium and low sensitivity Global Climate Models. Results indicate that California cities will see increases in the number of heat wave and temperature threshold days from two to six times.These results may be viewed as potential outcomes based on today's decisions on emissions.
Development of a Land Surface Model Including Evaporation and Adsorption Processes in the Soil for the Land�Air Exchange in Arid Regions
A one-dimensional soil model has been developed to better predict heat and water exchanges in arid and semiarid regions. New schemes to calculate evaporation and adsorption in the soil were incorporated in the model. High performance of the model ...
Genki Katata; Haruyasu Nagai; Hiromasa Ueda; Nurit Agam; Pedro R. Berliner
Tritium transport in the NuMI decay pipe region - modeling and comparison with experimental data
The NuMI (Neutrinos at Main Injector) beam facility at Fermilab is designed to produce an intense beam of muon neutrinos to be sent to the MINOS underground experiment in Soudan, Minnesota. Neutrinos are created by the decay of heavier particles. In the case of NuMI, the decaying particles are created by interaction of high-energy protons in a target, creating mostly positive pions. These particles can also interact with their environment, resulting in production of a variety of short-lived radionuclides and tritium. In the NuMI beam, neutrinos are produced by 120 GeV protons from the Fermilab Main Injector accelerator which are injected into the NuMI beam line using single turn extraction. The beam line has been designed for 400 kW beam power, roughly a factor of 2 above the initial (2005-06) running conditions. Extracted protons are bent downwards at a 57mr angle towards the Soudan Laboratory. The meson production target is a 94 cm segmented graphite rod, cooled by water in stainless tubes on the top and bottom of the target. The target is followed by two magnetic horns which are pulsed to 200 kA in synchronization with the passage of the beam, producing focusing of the secondary hadron beam and its daughter neutrinos. Downstream of the second horn the meson beam is transported for 675 m in an evacuated 2 m diameter beam (''decay'') pipe. Subsequently, the residual mesons and protons are absorbed in a water cooled aluminum/steel absorber immediately downstream of the decay pipe. Some 200 m of rock further downstream ranges out all of the residual muons. During beam operations, after installation of the chiller condensate system in December 2005, the concentration of tritiated water in the MINOS sump flow of 177 gpm was around 12 pCi/ml, for a total of 0.010 pCi/day. A simple model of tritium transport and deposition via humidity has been constructed to aid in understanding how tritium reaches the sump water. The model deals with tritium transported as HTO, water in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced with tritium. Based on concepts supported by the modeling, a dehumidification system was installed during May 2006 that reduced the tritium level in the sump by a factor of two. This note is primarily concerned with tritium that was produced in the NuMI target pile, carried by air flow into the target hall and down the decay pipe passageway (where most of it was deposited). The air is exhausted through the existing air vent shaft EAV2 (Figure 1).
Hylen, J.; Plunkett, R.; /Fermilab
Dynamical Downscaling over the Great Lakes Basin of North America Using the WRF Regional Climate Model: The Impact of the Great Lakes System on Regional Greenhouse Warming
The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) is employed to dynamically downscale global warming projections produced using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). The analyses are focused on the Great Lakes Basin of North America and the ...
Jonathan Gula; W. Richard Peltier
Modeling Building Energy Use and HVAC Efficiency Improvements in Extreme Hot and Humid Regions
An energy analysis was performed on the Texas A & M University at Qatar building in Doha, Qatar. The building and its HVAC systems were modeled using EnergyPlus. Building chilled water and electrical data were collected to validate the computer simulation. The simulated monthly electricity consumption was within plus/minus 5 percent of the metered building data. Ninety-five percent of simulated hourly electricity data in a day were within plus/minus 10 percent of metered data. Monthly chilled water demand was within plus/minus 18 percent of measurements, and simulated monthly demand was correlated to metered monthly values with an R-squared correlation coefficient of 0.95. Once the simulation was verified with the metered data, an optimization of the building's HVAC systems was performed. Better utilizing the building's variable speed fans at part loads showed potential annual electricity savings of 16 percent over the base case, with another 22 percent savings in chilled water energy. After converting chilled water savings to equivalent chiller electricity savings, the potential utility cost savings over the base case were found to be $90,000/yr at local utility rates. Reducing outdoor air intake to ASHRAE indoor air quality minimums yielded an additional 17 percent in potential chilled water savings and brought total monetary savings over the base case to $110,000/yr. Using a dedicated outside air system to precisely control individual zone ventilation showed potential for an additional 12 percent chilled water savings and $14,000 in yearly utility savings, while also eliminating cases of under-ventilation. A hypothetical retrofit of fan powered terminal units (FPTU's) resulted in energy savings only at very low minimum flow rates, below ventilation standards. Savings were never more than 20 percent over the no-fan case. Series FPTU's showed no savings at any flow setting and negligible difference was found between ECM and SCR motor control. Finally, the dependence on climate of each improvement was studied. Simulations were run in the relatively milder climates of Houston and Phoenix and compared to those found for Doha. It was found that variable speed fan operation is a more cost effective option for milder climates, while outside air control is more cost effective in extreme hot and humid climates such as Doha. Future study is needed to make the FPTU model valid for different climates and flow ranges.
Bible, Mitchell
A multi-scale biophysical model to inform regional management of coral reefs in the western Philippines and South China Sea
The health and functioning of coral reef ecosystems worldwide is in decline, and in the face of increasing anthropogenic stress, the rate of decline of these important ecosystems is set to accelerate. Mitigation strategies at regional scales are costly, ... Keywords: CORSET, Connectivity, Coral reef, Decision support, Ecosystem model, Management, Philippines, Regional scale, South China Sea
J. Melbourne-Thomas; C. R. Johnson; P. M. Ali�o; R. C. Geronimo; C. L. Villanoy; G. G. Gurney
Investigation of the Sensitivity of Water Cycle Components Simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model to the Land Surface Parameterization, the Lateral Boundary Data, and the Internal Variability
This study investigates the sensitivity of components of the hydrological cycle simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) to lateral boundary forcing, the complexity of the land surface scheme (LSS), and the internal variability ...
Biljana Music; Daniel Caya
Verifying the Accuracy of Land Use Models Used in Transportation and Air Quality: A Case Study in the Sacramento, California Region
simulations for a future transportation plan that uses fixedfuture regional land use projections and transportationFutures for Tansportation and Land Use�Integrated Models Contrasted with �Trend Delphi� Methods: The Portland Metro Results,� Transportation
Rodier, Caroline J.
Local Mean Bias Correction in a Regional Model Downscaling: A Case Study of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon of 1998
Regional climate models used to resolve high-resolution local circulation by dynamically downscaling from a coarse-resolution analysis may have difficulty in keeping large-scale information the same as in the analysis. Such difficulty produces ...
Po-Lin Wu; Pay-Liam Lin; Hann-Ming Henry Juang
Development of an 8-Parameter Probabilistic Artificial Neural Network Model for Long-Range Monsoon Rainfall Pattern Recognition over the Smaller Scale Geographical Region -District
Attempts to recognize pattern of monsoon rainfall over the smaller scale geographical region (district) 8-Parameter Probabilistic ANN model have been developed. Eleven neurons in input layer to input eleven years rainfall data time series. Eleven neurons ...
S. Karmakar; M. K. Kowar; P. Guhathakurta
Development of a Second-Generation Regional Climate Model (RegCM2). Part I: Boundary-Layer and Radiative Transfer Processes
During the last few years the development of a second-generation regional climate modeling system (RegCM2) has been completed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Based upon the National Center for Atmospheric Research-...
Filippo Giorgi; Maria Rosaria Marinucci; Gary T. Bates
Diagnostics of Climate Model Biases in Summer Temperature and Warm-Season Insolation for the Simulation of Regional Paddy Rice Yield in Japan
This study quantifies the ranges of climate model biases in surface air temperature for July and August (summer temperature) and daily total insolation for May�October (warm-season insolation) that can give simulated regional paddy rice yields ...
Toshichika Iizumi; Motoki Nishimori; Masayuki Yokozawa
Dynamical Coupled-Channel Model of pi-N scattering in te W < 2 GeV Nucleon Resonane Region
As a first step to analyze the electromagnetic meson production reactions in the nucleon resonance region, the parameters of the hadronic interactions of a dynamical coupled-channel model, developed in {\\it Physics Reports 439, 193 (2007)}, are determined by fitting the empirical $\\pi N$ elastic scattering amplitudes of SAID up to 2 GeV. The channels included in the calculations are $\\pi N$, $\\eta N$ and $\\pi\\pi N$ which has $\\pi\\Delta$, $\\rho N$, and $\\sigma N$ resonant components. The non-resonant meson-baryon interactions of the model are derived from a set of Lagrangians by using a unitary transformation method. One or two bare excited nucleon states in each of $S$, $P$, $D$, and $F$ partial waves are included to generate the resonant amplitudes in the fits. The predicted total cross sections of $\\pi N$ reactions and $\\pi N\\rightarrow \\eta N$ reactions are in good agreement with the data. Applications of the constructed model in analyzing the electromagnetic meson production data as well as the future developments are discussed.
T.S.H. Lee; B. Julia-diaz; A. Matsuyama; T. Sato
Moisture Flux Convergence in Regional and Global Climate Models: Implications for Droughts in the Southwestern United States Under Climate Change
The water cycle of the southwestern United States (SW) is dominated by winter storms that maintain a positive annual net precipitation. Analysis of the control and future climate from four pairs of regional and global climate models (RCMs and GCMs) shows that the RCMs simulate a higher fraction of transient eddy moisture fluxes because the hydrodynamic instabilities associated with flow over complex terrain are better resolved. Under global warming, this enables the RCMs to capture the response of transient eddies to increased atmospheric stability that allows more moisture to converge on the windward side of the mountains by blocking. As a result, RCMs simulate enhanced transient eddy moisture convergence in the SW compared to GCMs, although both robustly simulate drying due to enhanced moisture divergence by the divergent mean flow in a warmer climate. This enhanced convergence leads to reduced susceptibility to hydrological change in the RCMs compared to GCMs.
Gao, Yanhong; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Salathe, E.; Dominguez, Francina; Nijssen, Bart; Lettenmaier, D. P.
Evaluation of a server-client architecture for accelerator modeling and simulation
Traditional approaches to computational modeling and simulation often utilize a batch method for code execution using file-formatted input/output. This method of code implementation was generally chosen for several factors, including CPU throughput and availability, complexity of the required modeling problem, and presentation of computation results. With the advent of faster computer hardware and the advances in networking and software techniques, other program architectures for accelerator modeling have recently been employed. Jefferson Laboratory has implemented a client/server solution for accelerator beam transport modeling utilizing a query-based I/O. The goal of this code is to provide modeling information for control system applications and to serve as a computation engine for general modeling tasks, such as machine studies. This paper performs a comparison between the batch execution and server/client architectures, focusing on design and implementation issues, performance, and general utility towards accelerator modeling demands.
Bowling, B.A.; Akers, W.; Shoaee, H.; Watson, W.; Zeijts, J. van; Witherspoon, S.
Summer Land�Atmosphere Coupling Strength over the United States: Results from the Regional Climate Model RegCM4�CLM3.5
This study investigates the land�atmosphere coupling strength during summer over the United States using the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4)�Community Land Model version 3.5 (CLM3.5). First, a 10-yr simulation driven with reanalysis ...
Rui Mei; Guiling Wang; Huanghe Gu
Development of a Second-Generation Regional Climate Model (RegCM2). Part II: Convective Processes and Assimilation of Lateral Boundary Conditions
In this paper we continue the description of a second-generation regional climate model (RegCM2) initiated in the companion paper by Giorgi et al. We first discuss the inclusion in the model of the cumulus cloud scheme developed by Grell (...
Filippo Giorgi; Maria Rosaria Marinucci; Gary T. Bates; Gerardo De Canio
Collaborative Research: Towards Advanced Understanding and Predictive Capability of Climate Change in the Arctic using a High-Resolution Regional Arctic Climate System Model
Primary activities are reported in these areas: climate system component studies via one-way coupling experiments; development of the Regional Arctic Climate System Model (RACM); and physical feedback studies focusing on changes in Arctic sea ice using the fully coupled model.
Lettenmaier, Dennis P
A Regional-Scale GIS-Based Modeling System for Evaluating the Potential Costs and Supplies of Biomass from Biomass Crops
A GIS-based modeling system was developed for analyzing the geographic variation in potential bioenergy feedstock supplies and optimal locations for siting bioenergy facilities. The modeling system is designed for analyzing individual US states but could readily be adapted to any geographic region.
Graham, R.L.; English, B.C.; Noon, C.E.; Liu, W.; Daly, M.J.; Jager, H.I.
NREL: Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) Models - Interpreting
Interpreting Results Interpreting Results Sample Results from JEDI. Download a text-version (MS Excel 44 KB) The Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) models estimate the number of jobs and economic impacts associated with power generation, fuel production, and other projects. Economic activity in input-output models is typically assessed in three categories. NREL's JEDI models classify the first category of results-on-site labor and professional services results-as dollars spent on labor from companies engaged in development and on-site construction and operation of power generation and transmission. These results include labor only-no materials. Companies or businesses that fall into this category of results include project developers, environmental and permitting consultants, road builders, concrete-pouring
A method for the assessment of site-specific economic impacts of commercial and industrial biomass energy facilities. A handbook and computer model
A handbook on ``A Method for the Assessment of Site-specific Econoomic Impacts of Industrial and Commercial Biomass Energy Facilities`` has been prepared by Resource Systems Group Inc. under contract to the Southeastern Regional Biomass Energy Program (SERBEP). The handbook includes a user-friendly Lotus 123 spreadsheet which calculates the economic impacts of biomass energy facilities. The analysis uses a hybrid approach, combining direct site-specific data provided by the user, with indirect impact multipliers from the US Forest Service IMPLAN input/output model for each state. Direct economic impacts are determined primarily from site-specific data and indirect impacts are determined from the IMPLAN multipliers. The economic impacts are given in terms of income, employment, and state and federal taxes generated directly by the specific facility and by the indirect economic activity associated with each project. A worksheet is provided which guides the user in identifying and entering the appropriate financial data on the plant to be evaluated. The WLAN multipliers for each state are included in a database within the program. The multipliers are applied automatically after the user has entered the site-specific data and the state in which the facility is located. Output from the analysis includes a summary of direct and indirect income, employment and taxes. Case studies of large and small wood energy facilities and an ethanol plant are provided as examples to demonstrate the method. Although the handbook and program are intended for use by those with no previous experience in economic impact analysis, suggestions are given for the more experienced user who may wish to modify the analysis techniques.
Collaborative Research: Towards Advanced Understanding and Predictive Capability of Climate Change in the Arctic Using a High-Resolution Regional Arctic Climate Model
The primary research task completed for this project was the development of the Regional Arctic Climate Model (RACM). This involved coupling existing atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land models using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate System Model (CCSM) coupler (CPL7). RACM is based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model, the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) ocean model, the CICE sea ice model, and the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land model. A secondary research task for this project was testing and evaluation of WRF for climate-scale simulations on the large pan-Arctic model domain used in RACM. This involved identification of a preferred set of model physical parameterizations for use in our coupled RACM simulations and documenting any atmospheric biases present in RACM.
Cassano, John [Principal Investigator
Urban Modification in a Mesoscale Model and the Effects on the Local Circulation in the Pearl River Delta Region
The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, located in the southern part of Guangdong Province in China, is one of the most rapidly developing regions in the world. The evolution of local and regional sea-breeze circulation (SBC) is believed to be ...
Jeff C. F. Lo; Alexis K. H. Lau; Fei Chen; Jimmy C. H. Fung; Kenneth K. M. Leung
Simulation of Net Infiltration and Potential Recharge Using a Distributed-Parameter Watershed Model of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California
This report presents the development and application of the distributed-parameter watershed model, INFILv3, for estimating the temporal and spatial distribution of net infiltration and potential recharge in the Death Valley region, Nevada and California. The estimates of net infiltration quantify the downward drainage of water across the lower boundary of the root zone and are used to indicate potential recharge under variable climate conditions and drainage basin characteristics. Spatial variability in recharge in the Death Valley region likely is high owing to large differences in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, bedrock permeability, soil thickness, vegetation characteristics, and contributions to recharge along active stream channels. The quantity and spatial distribution of recharge representing the effects of variable climatic conditions and drainage basin characteristics on recharge are needed to reduce uncertainty in modeling ground-water flow. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, developed a regional saturated-zone ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system to help evaluate the current hydrogeologic system and the potential effects of natural or human-induced changes. Although previous estimates of recharge have been made for most areas of the Death Valley region, including the area defined by the boundary of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, the uncertainty of these estimates is high, and the spatial and temporal variability of the recharge in these basins has not been quantified.
J.A. Hevesi; A.L. Flint; L.E. Flint
Numerical Simulation of Inter-basin Groundwater Flow into Northern Yucca Flat, Nevada National Security Site, Using the Death Valley Regional Flow System Model
Models of groundwater flow for the Yucca Flat area of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) are under development by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for corrective action investigations of the Yucca Flat-Climax Mine Corrective Action Unit (CAU). One important aspect of these models is the quantity of inter-basin groundwater flow from regional systems to the north. This component of flow, together with its uncertainty, must be properly accounted for in the CAU flow models to provide a defensible regional framework for calculations of radionuclide transport that will support determinations of the Yucca Flat-Climax Mine contaminant boundary. Because characterizing flow boundary conditions in northern Yucca Flat requires evaluation to a higher level of detail than the scale of the Yucca Flat-Climax Mine CAU model can efficiently provide, a study more focused on this aspect of the model was required.
Pohlmann Karl,Ye Ming
Directory of Energy Information Administration models, 1990
This directory revises and updates the Directory of Energy Information Administration Models, DOE/EIA-0293(89), Energy Information Administration (EIA), US Department of Energy, May 1989. The major changes are the inclusion of the Building Energy End-Use Model (BEEM-PC), Residential Energy End-Use Model (REEM-PC), the Refinery Yield Model Spreadsheet System (RYMSS-PC), and the Capital Stock Model (CAPSTOCK-PC). Also, the following models have been inactivated: Energy Disaggregated Input-Output Model (EDIO), Household Model of Energy (HOME3-PC), Commercial Sector Energy Model (CSEM-PC), Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Supply Model (OCSM), and the Stock Module of the Intermediate Future Forecasting System (STOCK). This directory contains descriptions about each basic and auxiliary model, including the title, acronym, purpose, and type, followed by more detailed information on characteristics, uses, and requirements. For developing models, limited information is provided. Sources for additional information are identified. Included in this directory are 38 EIA models active as of March 1, 1990, as well as the PC-AEO Forecasting Model Overview and the three Subsystems for the Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS) Model. Models that run on personal computers are identified by PC'' as part of the acronym.
A multiple-mode three-dimensional model of VLF propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide in the presence of localized D region disturbances
Transient localized D region disturbances, such as those associated with lightning discharges, affect the characteristics of VLF waves propagating in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. In particular, both phase and amplitude changes in the subionospheric signal can be observed at receiving sites as a result of the wave scattering that takes place in the disturbed region. In the present paper we present a multiple-mode three- dimensional model of VLF propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide in the presence of localized D region disturbances. The model takes into account great circle (GC) propagation paths with realistic ground and ionospheric conductivity changes that result in mode conversion along the path. It is assumed that conductivity changes transverse to the GC paths are negligible except in the vicinity of the D region disturbance and that mode coupling is negligible within the distributed region. This new model is applied to experimental observations and is found to be in general agreement. The diagnostics potential of the model for characterizing energetic particle precipitation events is discussed. 33 refs., 14 figs.
Poulsen, W.L.; Inan, U.S.; Bell, T.F. (Stanford Univ., CA (United States))
Volterra network modeling of the nonlinear finite-impulse reponse of the radiation belt flux
We show how a general class of spatio-temporal nonlinear impulse-response forecast networks (Volterra networks) can be constructed from a taxonomy of nonlinear autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous inputs (NAR-MAX) input-output equations, and used to model the evolution of energetic particle f uxes in the Van Allen radiation belts. We present initial results for the nonlinear response of the radiation belts to conditions a month earlier. The essential features of spatio-temporal observations are recovered with the model echoing the results of state space models and linear f nite impulse-response models whereby the strongest coupling peak occurs in the preceding 1-2 days. It appears that such networks hold promise for the development of accurate and fully data-driven space weather modelling, monitoring and forecast tools.
Taylor, M.; Daglis, I. A.; Anastasiadis, A. [Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing(ISARS), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Metaxa and Vasillis Pavlou Street, Penteli, Athens 15236 (Greece); Vassiliadis, D. [Department of Physics, Hodges Hall, PO Box 6315, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6315 (United States)
National and Regional Water and Wastewater Rates For Use in Cost-Benefit Models and Evaluations of Water Efficiency Programs
2006 California Water Rate Survey. 2006. Black & VeatchRegional Water and Wastewater Rates For Use in Cost-Benefit5 Calculated Marginal Rates for
Fisher, Diane C.; Whitehead, Camilla Dunham; Melody, Moya
A Study on the Contribution of 12 Key-Factors to the Growth Rates of the Region of the East Macedonia-Thrace EMTH by Using a Neural Network Model
This study gives a new methodological framework regarding the measuring of the contribution of some key-factors on the regional growth rate and forecasting the future development rates, based on Neural Network Models NN Models. It's a serious attempt ... Keywords: East Macedonia, Future Forecasting, Neural Networks NN, Regional Gross Domestic Product, Regional Growth Rate, Time Series
E. Stathakis; M. Hanias; P. Antoniades; L. Magafas; D. Bandekas
Some Issues in Uncertainty Quantification and Parameter Tuning: A Case Study of Convective Parameterization Scheme in the WRF Regional Climate Model
The current tuning process of parameters in global climate models is often performed subjectively, or treated as an optimization procedure to minimize the difference between model fields and observations. The later approach may be generating a set of tunable parameters that approximate the observed climate but via an unrealistic balance of physical processes and/or compensating errors over different regions in the globe. In this study, we run the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional model constrained by the reanalysis data over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) where abundant observational data from various resources are available for calibration of the input parameters and validation of the model results. Our goal is to quantify the uncertainty ranges and identify the optimal values of five key input parameters in a new Kain-Frisch (KF) convective parameterization scheme incorporated in the WRF model. A stochastic sampling algorithm, Multiple Very Fast Simulated Annealing (MVFSA), is employed to efficiently sample the input parameters in KF scheme based on the skill score so that the algorithm progressively moves toward regions of the parameter space that minimize model errors. The results based on the WRF simulations with 25-km grid spacing over the SGP show that the model bias for precipitation can be significantly reduced by using five optimal parameters identified by the MVFSA algorithm. The model performance is very sensitive to downdraft and entrainment related parameters and consumption time of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE). Simulated convective precipitation decreases as the ratio of downdraft to updraft flux increases. Larger CAPE consumption time results in less convective but more stratiform precipitation. The simulation using optimal parameters obtained by only constraining precipitation generates positive impact on the other output variables, such as temperature and wind. By using the optimal parameters obtained at 25 km simulation, both the magnitude and spatial pattern of simulated precipitation are improved at 12-km spatial resolution. The optimal parameters identified from the SGP region have also improved the simulation of precipitation when moving model domain to another region with a different climate regime (i.e. North America monsoon region). These results suggest the improvement of precipitation simulation by using the optimal parameters remains when the model domain or spatial resolution is changed.
Yang, Ben; Qian, Yun; Lin, Guang; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Zhang, Yaocun
PRISM 2.0: Estimating Energy Substitution Parameters for the U.S. Regional Economy, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy (US-REGEN) Model
Under the PRISM 2.0 Project, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) developed the U.S. Regional Economy, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy (US-REGEN) model that can assess the impact of various climate, energy, and environmental policies on the electric power sector, the energy system, and the overall U.S. economy. This model represents energy efficiency potential through elasticities of substitution between energy and capital. EPRI has contracted with M. K. Jaccard and Associates Inc. to determine ...
Modeling the Summertime Climate of Southwest Asia: The Role of Land Surface Processes in Shaping the Climate of Semiarid Regions
Presented is a study on the role of land surface processes in determining the summertime climate over the semiarid region of southwest Asia. In this region, a warm surface air temperature bias of 3.5�C is simulated in the summer by using the ...
Presented is a study on the role of land surface processes in determining the summertime climate over the semiarid region of southwest Asia. In this region, a warm surface air temperature bias of 3.5�C is simulated in the ...
Marcella, Marc P.
Development of a second-generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part I: Boundary-layer and radiative transfer processes
During the last few years the development of a second-generation regional climate modeling system (RegCM2) has been completed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Based upon the National Center for Atmospheric Research-Pennsylvania State University Mesoscale Model (MM4), RegCM2 includes improved formulations of boundary layer, radiative transfer, surface physics, cumulus convection, and time integration technique, which make it more physically comprehensive and more computationally efficient than the previous regional climate model version. This paper discusses a number of month-long simulations over the European region that were conducted to test the new RegCM2 boundary-layer parameterization (the scheme developed by Holtsag et al.) and radiative transfer formulation [the package developed for the NCAR Community Climate Model 2 (CCM2)]. Both schemes significantly affect the model precipitation, temperature, moisture, and cloudiness climatology, leading to overall more realistic results, while they do not substantially modify the model performance in simulating the aggregated characteristics of synoptic patterns. Description of the convective processes and procedures of boundary condition assimilation included in RegCM2 is presented in companion paper by Giorgi et al. 26 refs., 11 figs., 10 tabs.
Giorgi, F.; Marinucci, M.R.; Bates, G.T. (National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States))
An Empirical Model for Predicting the Decay of Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed after Landfall over the Indian Region
An empirical model for predicting the maximum surface wind speed associated with a tropical cyclone after crossing the east coast of India is described. The model parameters are determined from the database of 19 recent cyclones. The model is ...
S. K. Roy Bhowmik; S. D. Kotal; S. R. Kalsi
Influences of the Kuroshio/Oyashio Extensions on Air�Sea Heat Exchanges and Storm-Track Activity as Revealed in Regional Atmospheric Model Simulations for the 2003/04 Cold Season
Influences of oceanic fronts in the Kuroshio and Oyashio Extension (KOE) region on the overlying atmosphere are investigated by comparing a pair of atmospheric regional model hindcast experiments for the 2003/04 cold season, one with the observed ...
Bunmei Taguchi; Hisashi Nakamura; Masami Nonaka; Shang-Ping Xie
Urban Modification of Thunderstorms: An Observational Storm Climatology and Model Case Study for the Indianapolis Urban Region
A radar-based climatology of 91 unique summertime (May 2000�August 2009) thunderstorm cases was examined over the Indianapolis, Indiana, urban area. The study hypothesis is that urban regions alter the intensity and composition/structure of ...
Dev Niyogi; Patrick Pyle; Ming Lei; S. Pal Arya; Chandra M. Kishtawal; Marshall Shepherd; Fei Chen; Brian Wolfe
Importance of Regional Climate Model Grid Spacing for the Simulation of Heavy Precipitation in the Colorado Headwaters
Summer and winter daily heavy precipitation events (events above the 97.5th percentile) are analyzed in regional climate simulations with 36-, 12-, and 4-km horizontal grid spacing over the headwaters of the Colorado River. Multiscale evaluations ...
Andreas F. Prein; Gregory J. Holland; Roy M. Rasmussen; James Done; Kyoko Ikeda; Martyn P. Clark; Changhai H. Liu
Tests of an Ensemble Kalman Filter for Mesoscale and Regional-Scale Data Assimilation. Part II: Imperfect Model Experiments
In Part I of this two-part work, the feasibility of using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation through various observing system simulation experiments was demonstrated assuming a perfect forecast ...
Zhiyong Meng; Fuqing Zhang
Multi-Model Assessment of Regional Surface Temperature Trends: CMIP3 and CMIP5 20th Century Simulations
Regional surface temperature trends from the CMIP3 and CMIP5 20th century runs are compared with observations -- at spatial scales ranging from global averages to individual grid points -- using simulated intrinsic climate variability from pre-...
Thomas R. Knutson; Fanrong Zeng; Andrew T. Wittenberg
Effects of Historical Urbanization in the Brussels Capital Region on Surface Air Temperature Time Series: A Model Study
The authors examine the local impact of change in impervious surfaces in the Brussels capital region (BCR), Belgium, on trends in maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures between 1960 and 1999. Specifically, data are combined from remote sensing ...
R. Hamdi; A. Deckmyn; P. Termonia; G. R. Demar�e; P. Baguis; S. Vanhuysse; E. Wolff
Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 2. Mid-American Solar Energy Complex Region
This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. Some 2000 projects are included in this compilation; most have worked, some have not. Information about all is presented to aid learning from these experiences. The four volumes in this set are arranged in state sections by geographic region, coinciding with the four Regional Solar Energy Centers. The table of contents is organized by project category so that maximum cross-referencing may be obtained. This volume includes information on the Mid-American Solar Energy Complex Region. (WHK)
Cavity-QED models of switches for attojoule-scale nanophotonic logic
Quantum optical input-output models are described for a class of optical switches based on cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) with a single multilevel atom (or comparable bound system of charges) coupled simultaneously to several resonant field modes. A recent limit theorem for quantum stochastic differential equations is used to show that such models converge to a simple scattering matrix in a type of strong coupling limit that seems natural for nanophotonic systems. Numerical integration is used to show that the behavior of the pre-limit model approximates that of the simple scattering matrix in a realistic regime for the physical parameters, and that it is possible in the proposed cavity-QED configuration for low power optical signals to switch higher-power signals at attojoule energy scales.
Hideo Mabuchi
Electrification of Stratiform Regions in Mesoscale Convective Systems. Part II: Two-Dimensional Numerical Model Simulations of a Symmetric MCS
Model simulations of a symmetric mesoscale convective system (MCS; observations discussed in Part I) were conducted using a 2D, time-dependent numerical model with bulk microphysics. A number of charging mechanisms were considered based on ...
Terry J. Schuur; Steven A. Rutledge
Application of Turbulence Energy Models to the Computation of Tidal Currents and Mixing Intensities in Shelf Edge Regions
The major steps in the formulation of a three-dimensional shelf edge model using a sigma coordinate system in the vertical are briefly described. Vertical diffusion of momentum is parameterized using a range of turbulence closure models, and ...
Jiuxing Xing; Alan M. Davies
Modeling Global and Regional Net Primary Production under Elevated Atmospheric CO2: On a Potential Source of Uncertainty
Terrestrial ecosystem models are built, among several reasons, to explore how the Earth�s biosphere responds to climate change and to the projected continual increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Many of these models adopt the Farquhar et ...
Mustapha El Maayar; Navin Ramankutty; Christopher J. Kucharik
Observed and Modeled Greenland Ice Sheet Snow Accumulation, 1958�2003, and Links with Regional Climate Forcing
Annual and monthly snow accumulation for the Greenland Ice Sheet was derived from ECMWF forecasts [mainly 40-yr ECMWR Re-Analysis (ERA-40)] and further meteorological modeling. Modeled accumulation was validated using 58 ice core accumulation ...
Edward Hanna; Joe McConnell; Sarah Das; John Cappelen; Ag Stephens
An optimization-model-based interactive decision support system for regional energy management systems planning under uncertainty
In this study, an interactive decision support system (UREM-IDSS) has been developed based on an inexact optimization model (UREM, University of Regina Energy Model) to aid decision makers in planning energy management systems. Optimization modeling, ... Keywords: Decision making, Energy management systems, Green house gas, Interactive decision support system, Optimization, Sustainable development, Uncertainty
Y. P. Cai; G. H. Huang; Q. G. Lin; X. H. Nie; Q. Tan
Regional refining models for alternative fuels using shale and coal synthetic crudes: identification and evaluation of optimized alternative fuels. Annual report, March 20, 1979-March 19, 1980
The initial phase has been completed in the project to evaluate alternative fuels for highway transportation from synthetic crudes. Three refinery models were developed for Rocky Mountain, Mid-Continent and Great Lakes regions to make future product volumes and qualities forecast for 1995. Projected quantities of shale oil and coal oil syncrudes were introduced into the raw materials slate. Product slate was then varied from conventional products to evaluate maximum diesel fuel and broadcut fuel in all regions. Gasoline supplement options were evaluated in one region for 10% each of methanol, ethanol, MTBE or synthetic naphtha in the blends along with syncrude components. Compositions and qualities of the fuels were determined for the variation in constraints and conditions established for the study. Effects on raw materials, energy consumption and investment costs were reported. Results provide the basis to formulate fuels for laboratory and engine evaluation in future phases of the project.
Sefer, N.R.; Russell, J.A.
Applications of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) to Provide Input to Photochemical Grid Models for the Lake Michigan Ozone Study (LMOS)
In spite of ongoing control measures, episodes of elevated boundary layer ozone in violation of national ambient air quality standards continue to occur in the Lake Michigan region. The Lake Michigan Ozone Study is a multiyear effort that ...
Walter A. Lyons; Craig J. Tremback; Roger A. Pielke
The Sensitivity of Precipitation and Snowpack Simulations to Model Resolution via Nesting in Regions of Complex Terrain
This paper examines the sensitivity of regional climate simulations to increasing spatial resolution via nesting by means of a 20-yr simulation of the western United States at 40-km resolution and a 5-yr simulation at 13-km resolution for the ...
L. Ruby Leung; Yun Qian
energy policy initiatives is the lack of connectivity between the separate measurement and accounting systems that provide the basic data for modeling and analysis.
Ritschard, R.L.
Final Technical Report for Collaborative Research: Regional climate-change projections through next-generation empirical and dynamical models, DE-FG02-07ER64429
This is the final report for a DOE-funded research project describing the outcome of research on non-homogeneous hidden Markov models (NHMMs) and coupled ocean-atmosphere (O-A) intermediate-complexity models (ICMs) to identify the potentially predictable modes of climate variability, and to investigate their impacts on the regional-scale. The main results consist of extensive development of the hidden Markov models for rainfall simulation and downscaling specifically within the non-stationary climate change context together with the development of parallelized software; application of NHMMs to downscaling of rainfall projections over India; identification and analysis of decadal climate signals in data and models; and, studies of climate variability in terms of the dynamics of atmospheric flow regimes.
Smyth, Padhraic [University of California, Irvine
Incorporation of aqueous reaction kinetics and biodegradation intoTOUGHREACT: Application of a multi-region model to hydrobiogeoChemicaltransport of denitrification and sulfate reduction
The need to consider aqueous and sorption kinetics andmicrobiological processes arises in many subsurface problems. Ageneral-rate expression has been implemented into the TOUGHREACTsimulator, which considers multiple mechanisms (pathways) and includesmultiple product, Monod, and inhibition terms. This paper presents aformulation for incorporating kinetic rates among primary species intomass-balance equations. The space discretization used is based on aflexible integral finite difference approach that uses irregular griddingto model bio-geologic structures. A general multi-region model forhydrological transport interacted with microbiological and geochemicalprocesses is proposed. A 1-D reactive transport problem with kineticbiodegradation and sorption was used to test the enhanced simulator,which involves the processes that occur when a pulse of water containingNTA (nitrylotriacetate) and cobalt is injected into a column. The currentsimulation results agree very well with those obtained with othersimulators. The applicability of this general multi-region model wasvalidated by results from a published column experiment ofdenitrification and sulfate reduction. The matches with measured nitrateand sulfate concentrations were adjusted with the interficial areabetween mobile hydrological and immobile biological regions. Resultssuggest that TOUGHREACT can not only be a useful interpretative tool forbiogeochemical experiments, but also can produce insight into processesand parameters of microscopic diffusion and their interplay withbiogeochemical reactions. The geometric- and process-based multi-regionmodel may provide a framework for understanding field-scalehydrobiogeochemical heterogeneities and upscaling parameters.
Variable Density Flow Modeling for Simulation Framework for Regional Geologic CO{sub 2} Storage Along Arches Province of Midwestern United States
The Arches Province in the Midwestern U.S. has been identified as a major area for carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) storage applications because of the intersection of Mt. Simon sandstone reservoir thickness and permeability. To better understand large-scale CO{sub 2} storage infrastructure requirements in the Arches Province, variable density scoping level modeling was completed. Three main tasks were completed for the variable density modeling: Single-phase, variable density groundwater flow modeling; Scoping level multi-phase simulations; and Preliminary basin-scale multi-phase simulations. The variable density modeling task was successful in evaluating appropriate input data for the Arches Province numerical simulations. Data from the geocellular model developed earlier in the project were translated into preliminary numerical models. These models were calibrated to observed conditions in the Mt. Simon, suggesting a suitable geologic depiction of the system. The initial models were used to assess boundary conditions, calibrate to reservoir conditions, examine grid dimensions, evaluate upscaling items, and develop regional storage field scenarios. The task also provided practical information on items related to CO{sub 2} storage applications in the Arches Province such as pressure buildup estimates, well spacing limitations, and injection field arrangements. The Arches Simulation project is a three-year effort and part of the United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE)/National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) program on innovative and advanced technologies and protocols for monitoring/verification/accounting (MVA), simulation, and risk assessment of CO{sub 2} sequestration in geologic formations. The overall objective of the project is to develop a simulation framework for regional geologic CO{sub 2} storage infrastructure along the Arches Province of the Midwestern U.S.
Joel Sminchak
The Surface Energy Balance at Local and Regional Scales-A Comparison of General Circulation Model Results with Observations
Aspects of the mean monthly energy balance at continental surfaces are examined by appeal to the results of general circulation model (GCM) simulations, climatological maps of surface fluxes, and direct observations. Emphasis is placed on net ...
J. R. Garratt; P. B. Krummel; E. A. Kowalczyk
Dynamic Assimilation of MODIS-Retrieved Humidity Profiles within a Regional Model for High-Latitude Forecast Applications
A �hot start� technique is applied to the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University�National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU�NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) to dynamically assimilate cloud properties and humidity profiles retrieved from the ...
Xingang Fan; Jeffrey S. Tilley
Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Climatology in a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model: Impacts of Convective Parameterization on Systematic Biases
In an attempt to develop a better simulation of the climatology of monsoon precipitation in climate models, this paper investigates the impacts of different convective closures on systematic biases of an Indian monsoon precipitation climatology ...
P. Mukhopadhyay; S. Taraphdar; B. N. Goswami; K. Krishnakumar
The Regional Analysis System for the Operational �Early� Eta Model: Original 80-km Configuration and Recent Changes
The analysis component of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational �early� 80-km eta model, as implemented in July 1993, is described. This optimum interpolation (OI) analysis is fully multivariate for wind and ...
Eric Rogers; Dennis G. Deaven; Geoffrey S. Dimego
Pacific Northwest Climate Sensitivity Simulated by a Regional Climate Model Driven by a GCM. Part II: 2�CO2 Simulations
Global climate change due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases has stimulated numerous studies and discussions about its possible impacts on water resources. Climate scenarios generated by climate models at spatial resolutions ranging ...
Evaluation of a Conjunctive Surface�Subsurface Process Model (CSSP) over the Contiguous United States at Regional�Local Scales
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation on a Conjunctive Surface�Subsurface Process Model (CSSP) in predicting soil temperature�moisture distributions, terrestrial hydrology variations, and land�atmosphere exchanges against various in situ ...
Xing Yuan; Xin-Zhong Liang
The HAMMONIA Chemistry Climate Model: Sensitivity of the Mesopause Region to the 11-Year Solar Cycle and CO2 Doubling
This paper introduces the three-dimensional Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), which treats atmospheric dynamics, radiation, and chemistry interactively for the height range from the earth�s surface to the ...
H. Schmidt; G. P. Brasseur; M. Charron; E. Manzini; M. A. Giorgetta; T. Diehl; V. I. Fomichev; D. Kinnison; D. Marsh; S. Walters
Conceptual Model Summary Report Simulation Framework for Regional Geologic CO{sub 2} Storage Along Arches Province of Midwestern United States
A conceptual model was developed for the Arches Province that integrates geologic and hydrologic information on the Eau Claire and Mt. Simon formations into a geocellular model. The conceptual model describes the geologic setting, stratigraphy, geologic structures, hydrologic features, and distribution of key hydraulic parameters. The conceptual model is focused on the Mt. Simon sandstone and Eau Claire formations. The geocellular model depicts the parameters and conditions in a numerical array that may be imported into the numerical simulations of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) storage. Geophysical well logs, rock samples, drilling logs, geotechnical test results, and reservoir tests were evaluated for a 500,000 km{sup 2} study area centered on the Arches Province. The geologic and hydraulic data were integrated into a three-dimensional (3D) grid of porosity and permeability, which are key parameters regarding fluid flow and pressure buildup due to CO{sub 2} injection. Permeability data were corrected in locations where reservoir tests have been performed in Mt. Simon injection wells. The final geocellular model covers an area of 600 km by 600 km centered on the Arches Province. The geocellular model includes a total of 24,500,000 cells representing estimated porosity and permeability distribution. CO{sub 2} injection scenarios were developed for on-site and regional injection fields at rates of 70 to 140 million metric tons per year.
Ecosystem feedbacks to climate change in California: Development, testing, and analysis using a coupled regional atmosphere and land-surface model (WRF3-CLM3.5)
A regional atmosphere model [Weather Research and Forecasting model version 3 (WRF3)] and a land surface model [Community Land Model, version 3.5 (CLM3.5)] were coupled to study the interactions between the atmosphere and possible future California land-cover changes. The impact was evaluated on California's climate of changes in natural vegetation under climate change and of intentional afforestation. The ability of WRF3 to simulate California's climate was assessed by comparing simulations by WRF3-CLM3.5 and WRF3-Noah to observations from 1982 to 1991. Using WRF3-CLM3.5, the authors performed six 13-yr experiments using historical and future large-scale climate boundary conditions from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1). The land-cover scenarios included historical and future natural vegetation from the Mapped Atmosphere-Plant-Soil System-Century 1 (MC1) dynamic vegetation model, in addition to a future 8-million-ha California afforestation scenario. Natural vegetation changes alone caused summer daily-mean 2-m air temperature changes of -0.7 to +1 C in regions without persistent snow cover, depending on the location and the type of vegetation change. Vegetation temperature changes were much larger than the 2-m air temperature changes because of the finescale spatial heterogeneity of the imposed vegetation change. Up to 30% of the magnitude of the summer daily-mean 2-m air temperature increase and 70% of the magnitude of the 1600 local time (LT) vegetation temperature increase projected under future climate change were attributable to the climate-driven shift in land cover. The authors projected that afforestation could cause local 0.2-1.2 C reductions in summer daily-mean 2-m air temperature and 2.0-3.7 C reductions in 1600 LT vegetation temperature for snow-free regions, primarily because of increased evapotranspiration. Because some of these temperature changes are of comparable magnitude to those projected under climate change this century, projections of climate and vegetation change in this region need to consider these climate-vegetation interactions.
Subin, Z.M.; Riley, W.J.; Kueppers, L.M.; Jin, J.; Christianson, D.S.; Torn, M.S.
In this paper we show that when accurate nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) models are analyzed together with high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, we can determine the physical causes for the coronal mass ejection (CME) eruption on 2007 February 12. We compare the geometrical and topological properties of the three-dimensional magnetic fields given by both methods in their pre-eruptive phases. We arrive at a consistent picture for the evolution and eruption of the sigmoid. Both the MHD simulation and the observed magnetic field evolution show that flux cancellation plays an important role in building the flux rope. We compute the squashing factor, Q, in different horizontal maps in the domains. The main shape of the quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) is very similar between the NLFFF and MHD models. The main QSLs lie on the edge of the flux rope. While the QSLs in the NLFFF model are more complex due to the intrinsic large complexity in the field, the QSLs in the MHD model are smooth and possess lower maximum value of Q. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of hyperbolic flux tubes (HFTs) in both models in vertical cross sections of Q. The main HFT, located under the twisted flux rope in both models, is identified as the most probable site for reconnection. We also show that there are electric current concentrations coinciding with the main QSLs. Finally, we perform torus instability analysis and show that a combination between reconnection at the HFT and the resulting expansion of the flux rope into the torus instability domain is the cause of the CME in both models.
Savcheva, A.; Van Ballegooijen, A.; DeLuca, E. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Pariat, E.; Aulanier, G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Universite Paris Diderot, 92190 Meudon (France)
Determining Greenland Ice Sheet sensitivity to regional climate change: one-way coupling of a 3-D thermo-mechanical ice sheet model with a mesoscale climate model
responsible almost 40% of the ice sheet�s total dischargeCurrently, no coupled Greenland Ice Sheet model experimentaccelerated melting of Greenland ice sheet, Science, v. 313,
Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne
Finite - difference modeling of the Yucca Mountain, Nevada Area: a study of the regional water table gradients based on hydraulic conductivity contrasts
The Nevada Yucca Mountain site is being investigated to determine if it is a suitable site for the construction of a high-level nuclear waste repository. A feature of concern north of the selected site is an abrupt rise in the water table. This high gradient of 0.15 is flanked to the north by a moderate gradient of 0.015 and to the south by a very small gradient of 0.0001. Since the mechanisms creating this feature have the potential to cause changes in the position and configuration of the water table, they must be understood so risk analysis of the site may be performed. The three distinct gradient regions found at the site may be related to the Cenozoic volcanics, the Paleozoic clastic aquitard, and the Paleozoic carbonates. The large hydraulic gradient regionally corresponds with the northern limit of the Paleozoic carbonates, at the contact of the Eleana Formation, a Paleozoic aquitard. This study investigates, using finite difference modeling, the relationship between the steep hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity contrasts. The site was modeled with flow boundaries to investigate the effects of variable gradient input to the flow balance calculation. A model was run with differential volcanic hydraulic conductivity zones with regulated flow into the carbonates. Constant head boundaries were implemented in models to investigate the effect of both a confined and open carbonate zone and with vertical barriers above the argillite/carbonate contact. The results of the study found that vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity contrasts do not fully account for the steep gradients, although the vertical contrasts marginally increase the gradient from horizontal contrasts. The confined carbonate zone model produced results that do not correlate with field data. The vertical barrier model did successfully reproduce steep gradients with gradient steepness related to flow restriction. Through the use of flow boundaries the steep gradient was reproduced successfully with a contrast of 0.8 orders of magnitude by allowing flow into the carbonate zone.
Davidson, Timothy Ross
Impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on stratocumulus and precipitation in the Southeast Pacific: A regional modeling study using WRF-Chem
Cloud-system resolving simulations with the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model are used to quantify the impacts of regional anthropogenic and oceanic emissions on changes in aerosol properties, cloud macro- and microphysics, and cloud radiative forcing over the Southeast Pacific (SEP) during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) (15 Oct�Nov 16, 2008). The effects of oceanic aerosols on cloud properties, precipitation, and the shortwave forcing counteract those of anthropogenic aerosols. Despite the relatively small changes in Na concentrations (2-12%) from regional oceanic emissions, their net effect (direct and indirect) on the surface shortwave forcing is opposite and comparable or even larger in magnitude compared to those of regional anthropogenic emissions over the SEP. Two distinct regions are identified in the VOCALS-REx domain. The near-coast polluted region is characterized with strong droplet activation suppression of small particles by sea-salt particles, the more important role of the first than the second indirect effect, low surface precipitation rate, and low aerosol-cloud interaction strength associated with anthropogenic emissions. The relatively clean remote region is characterized with large contributions of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN, number concentration denoted by NCCN) and droplet number concentrations (Nd) from non-local sources (lateral boundaries), a significant amount of surface precipitation, and high aerosol-cloud interactions under a scenario of five-fold increase in anthropogenic emissions. In the clean region, cloud properties have high sensitivity (e.g., 13% increase in cloud-top height and a 9% surface albedo increase) to the moderate increase in CCN concentration (?Nccn = 13 cm-3; 25%) produced by a five-fold increase in regional anthropogenic emissions. The increased anthropogenic aerosols reduce the precipitation amount over the relatively clean remote ocean. The reduction of precipitation (as a cloud water sink) more than doubles the wet scavenging timescale, resulting in an increased aerosol lifetime in the marine boundary layer. Therefore, the aerosol impacts on precipitation are amplified by the positive feedback of precipitation on aerosol. The positive feedback ultimately alters the cloud micro- and macro-properties, leading to strong aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions. The higher sensitivity of clouds to anthropogenic aerosols over this region is also related to a 16% entrainment rate increase due to anthropogenic aerosols. The simulated aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions are stronger at night over the clean marine region, while during the day, solar heating results in more frequent decoupling, thinner clouds, reduced precipitation, and reduced sensitivity to anthropogenic emissions. The simulated high sensitivity to the increased anthropogenic emissions over the clean region suggests that the perturbation of the clean marine environment with anthropogenic aerosols may have a larger effect on climate than that of already polluted marine environments.
Yang, Qing; Gustafson, William I.; Fast, Jerome D.; Wang, Hailong; Easter, Richard C.; Wang, Minghuai; Ghan, Steven J.; Berg, Larry K.; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Morrison, H.
The Dispersion of Tracer Plumes in Mountainous Regions in Central Arizona: Comparisons between Observations and Modeling Results
A three-dimensional, time-dependent, nested-grid model is used to calculate the targeting of tracer or Seeding material over complex terrain in northern Arizona. Good agreement with measurements of SF6 tracer is reported in three case studies. ...
Roelof T. Bruintjes; Terry L. Clark; William D. Hall
Modelling regional input markets with numerous processing plants: The case of green maize for biogas production in Germany
The location of first generation processing plants for biogas using bulky inputs is a prominent example of locational decisions of plants that face high per unit transport costs of feedstock and simultaneously depend to a large extent on feedstock availability. ... Keywords: Biogas, Biomass transportation, Competitive facility location, Modelling, Transport costs
Ruth Delzeit; Wolfgang Britz; Karin Holm-M�ller
Response to CO2 Transient Increase in the GISS Coupled Model:Regional Coolings in a Warming Climate
The GISS coupled atmosphere�ocean model is used to investigate the effect of increased atmospheric CO2 by comparing a compounded 1% CO2 increase experiment with a control simulation. After 70 yr of integration, the global surface air temperature ...
Gary L. Russell; David Rind
Research on Regional Differences of Urban Resident Consumption Structure in China Based on Fuzzy Matter Element Model
Study of residents� consumption structure plays an important role in macroeconomic policy formulation. Based on per capita annual consumption expenditure of urban households, the fuzzy matter element model is used to evaluate urban resident consumption ... Keywords: comsumption structure, fuzzy matter-element, Euclid approach degree, government consumption expenditure
Hong Li; Bo Zhou
Model documentation: Natural Gas Transmission and Distribution Model of the National Energy Modeling System; Volume 1
The Natural Gas Transmission and Distribution Model (NGTDM) is a component of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) used to represent the domestic natural gas transmission and distribution system. NEMS is the third in a series of computer-based, midterm energy modeling systems used since 1974 by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and its predecessor, the Federal Energy Administration, to analyze domestic energy-economy markets and develop projections. This report documents the archived version of NGTDM that was used to produce the natural gas forecasts used in support of the Annual Energy Outlook 1994, DOE/EIA-0383(94). The purpose of this report is to provide a reference document for model analysts, users, and the public that defines the objectives of the model, describes its basic design, provides detail on the methodology employed, and describes the model inputs, outputs, and key assumptions. It is intended to fulfill the legal obligation of the EIA to provide adequate documentation in support of its models (Public Law 94-385, Section 57.b.2). This report represents Volume 1 of a two-volume set. (Volume 2 will report on model performance, detailing convergence criteria and properties, results of sensitivity testing, comparison of model outputs with the literature and/or other model results, and major unresolved issues.) Subsequent chapters of this report provide: (1) an overview of the NGTDM (Chapter 2); (2) a description of the interface between the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) and the NGTDM (Chapter 3); (3) an overview of the solution methodology of the NGTDM (Chapter 4); (4) the solution methodology for the Annual Flow Module (Chapter 5); (5) the solution methodology for the Distributor Tariff Module (Chapter 6); (6) the solution methodology for the Capacity Expansion Module (Chapter 7); (7) the solution methodology for the Pipeline Tariff Module (Chapter 8); and (8) a description of model assumptions, inputs, and outputs (Chapter 9).
Effect of Terrestrial and Marine Organic Aerosol on Regional and Global Climate: Model Development, Application, and Verification with Satellite Data
In this DOE project the improvements to parameterization of marine primary organic matter (POM) emissions, hygroscopic properties of marine POM, marine isoprene derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) emissions, surfactant effects, new cloud droplet activation parameterization have been implemented into Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 5.0), with a seven mode aerosol module from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?s Modal Aerosol Model (MAM7). The effects of marine aerosols derived from sea spray and ocean emitted biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) on microphysical properties of clouds were explored by conducting 10 year CAM5.0-MAM7 model simulations at a grid resolution 1.9�?�?�?�?�?�?�?°�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?2.5�?�?�?�?�?�?�?° with 30 vertical layers. Model-predicted relationship between ocean physical and biological systems and the abundance of CCN in remote marine atmosphere was compared to data from the A-Train satellites (MODIS, CALIPSO, AMSR-E). Model simulations show that on average, primary and secondary organic aerosol emissions from the ocean can yield up to 20% increase in Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) at 0.2% Supersaturation, and up to 5% increases in droplet number concentration of global maritime shallow clouds. Marine organics were treated as internally or externally mixed with sea salt. Changes associated with cloud properties reduced (absolute value) the model-predicted short wave cloud forcing from -1.35 Wm-2 to -0.25 Wm-2. By using different emission scenarios, and droplet activation parameterizations, this study suggests that addition of marine primary aerosols and biologically generated reactive gases makes an important difference in radiative forcing assessments. All baseline and sensitivity simulations for 2001 and 2050 using global-through-urban WRF/Chem (GU-WRF) were completed. The main objective of these simulations was to evaluate the capability of GU-WRF for an accurate representation of the global atmosphere by exploring the most accurate configuration of physics options in GWRF for global scale modeling in 2001 at a horizontal grid resolution of 1�?�?�?�?�?�?�?° x 1�?�?�?�?�?�?�?°. GU-WRF model output was evaluated using observational datasets from a variety of sources including surface based observations (NCDC and BSRN), model reanalysis (NCEP/ NCAR Reanalysis and CMAP), and remotely-sensed data (TRMM) to evaluate the ability of GU-WRF to simulate atmospheric variables at the surface as well as aloft. Explicit treatment of nanoparticles produced from new particle formation in GU-WRF/Chem-MADRID was achieved by expanding particle size sections from 8 to 12 to cover particles with the size range of 1.16 nm to 11.6 �?�?�?�?�?�?�?µm. Simulations with two different nucleation parameterizations were conducted for August 2002 over a global domain at a 4�?�?�?�?�?�?�?º by 5�?�?�?�?�?�?�?º horizontal resolution. The results are evaluated against field measurement data from the 2002 Aerosol Nucleation and Real Time Characterization Experiment (ANARChE) in Atlanta, Georgia, as well as satellite and reanalysis data. We have also explored the relationship between �?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?clean marine�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�? aerosol optical properties and ocean surface wind speed using remotely sensed data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the CALIPSO satellite and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on board the AQUA satellite. Detailed data analyses
Meskhidze, Nicholas; Zhang, Yang; Kamykowski, Daniel
Regional Residential
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
upward pressure from crude oil markets, magnified by a regional shortfall of heating oil supplies, residential prices rose rapidly to peak February 7. The problem was...
Regional Maps
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
United States Census Divisions Figure 2.Electricity Market Module (EMM)Regions Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting Figure...
National and Regional Water and Wastewater Rates For Use inCost-Benefit Models and Evaluations of Water Efficiency Programs
Calculating the benefits and costs of water conservation orefficiency programs requires knowing the marginal cost of the water andwastewater saved by those programs. Developing an accurate picture of thepotential cost savings from water conservation requires knowing the costof the last few units of water consumed or wastewater released, becausethose are the units that would be saved by increased water efficiency.This report describes the data we obtained on water and wastewater ratesand costs, data gaps we identified, and other issues related to using thedata to estimate the cost savings that might accrue from waterconservation programs. We identified three water and wastewater ratesources. Of these, we recommend using Raftelis Financial Corporation(RFC) because it: a) has the most comprehensive national coverage; and b)provides greatest detail on rates to calculate marginal rates. The figurebelow shows the regional variation in water rates for a range ofconsumption blocks. Figure 1A Marginal Rates of Water Blocks by Regionfrom RFC 2004Water and wastewater rates are rising faster than the rateof inflation. For example, from 1996 to 2004 the average water rateincreased 39.5 percent, average wastewater rate increased 37.8 percent,the CPI (All Urban) increased 20.1 percent, and the CPI (Water andSewerage Maintenance) increased 31.1 percent. On average, annualincreases were 4.3 percent for water and 4.1 percent for wastewater,compared to 2.3 percent for the All Urban CPI and 3.7 percent for the CPIfor water and sewerage maintenance. If trends in rates for water andwastewater rates continue, water-efficient products will become morevaluable and more cost-effective.
Regional and Global Data
Products > Regional/Global Products > Regional/Global Regional and Global Data Biogeochemical Dynamics Data Regional and global biogeochemical dynamics data can be used to improve our understanding of the structure and function of various ecosystems; to enable prediction across spatial and temporal scales; and to parameterize and validate terrestrial ecosystem models. The ORNL DAAC compiles, archives, and distributes more than 150 products from the following projects: Climate Collections Hydroclimatology Collections ISLSCP II Project Net Primary Productivity (NPP) River Discharge (RIVDIS) Russian Land Cover (RLC) Soil Collections Vegetation Collections Vegetation-Ecosystem Modeling (VEMAP) Climate Collections Climate collections include measured and modeled values for variables such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation, wind velocity, and
Regional Purchasing
Regional Purchasing Regional Purchasing Regional Purchasing Pursuant to Appendix M of Prime Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 between DOE/NNSA and Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS), LANS is committed to building a strong supplier base with Northern New Mexico businesses and the local Native American pueblos in the purchases of goods and services. Contact Small Business Office (505) 667-4419 Email We seek out and utilize known Northern New Mexico business as suppliers The Northern New Mexico counties included are Los Alamos Santa Fe Rio Arriba Taos Mora San Miguel Sandoval The eight regional pueblos included are Nambe Ohkay Owingeh (formerly known as San Juan) Picuris Pojoaque San Ildefonso Santa Clara Taos Tesuque When the Laboratory cannot identify regional firms, it will expand its
A Large-Droplet Mode and Prognostic Number Concentration of Cloud Droplets in the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Part I: Module Descriptions and Supercell Test Simulations
The microphysics module of the version of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) maintained at Colorado State University has undergone a series of improvements, including the addition of a large-cloud-droplet mode from 40 to 80 ?m in ...
Stephen M. Saleeby; William R. Cotton
Update and assessment of geothermal economic models, geothermal fluid flow and heat distribution models, and geothermal data bases
Numerical simulation models and data bases that were developed for DOE as part of a number of geothermal programs have been assessed with respect to their overall stage of development and usefulness. This report combines three separate studies that focus attention upon: (1) economic models related to geothermal energy; (2) physical geothermal system models pertaining to thermal energy and the fluid medium; and (3) geothermal energy data bases. Computerized numerical models pertaining to the economics of extracting and utilizing geothermal energy have been summarized and catalogued with respect to their availability, utility and function. The 19 models that are discussed in detail were developed for use by geothermal operators, public utilities, and lending institutions who require a means to estimate the value of a given resource, total project costs, and the sensitivity of these values to specific variables. A number of the models are capable of economically assessing engineering aspects of geothermal projects. Computerized simulations of heat distribution and fluid flow have been assessed and are presented for ten models. Five of the models are identified as wellbore simulators and five are described as reservoir simulators. Each model is described in terms of its operational characteristics, input, output, and other pertinent attributes. Geothermal energy data bases are reviewed with respect to their current usefulness and availability. Summaries of eight data bases are provided in catalogue format, and an overall comparison of the elements of each data base is included.
Kenkeremath, D. (ed.)
Regional Inventories
5 5 Notes: This year has not started well for gasoline inventories, with inventories being low across regions of the country. The Midwest region (PADD II) had been running lower than most regions, but began to catch up during the last week in April. Gasoline inventories ran about 9% below their 5-year average for this time of year and about 4% below where they were last year. The recent refinery problems in the Midwest, though, could erase some of that recovery. The impacts of Tosco's Wood River refinery and Marathon's St Paul refinery are not fully realized. But inventories were also precariously low along the East Coast (PADD I) and are extremely low in the Rocky Mountain region (PADD IV), although the size of this market mitigates any national impact. While the
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board Summary of the State of the Practice and State of the Art of Modeling Peak Spreading
Traffic congestion in large metropolitan areas has become so acute that many commuters are adjusting their departure and/or arrival times for work and other destinations to avoid the worst of what is now called the �peak period�. The adjustments in departure times combined with travel times that can last beyond the peak hour have led to the phenomena of peak spreading, where the peak hour demand on a particular roadway exceeds the peak hour capacity and causes demand to shift to the �shoulders � of the peak hour, or the hours adjacent to the peak hour. This situation is so pronounced in the TPB region, that most of the major freeways in the areas have peak periods that last from roughly 6 AM to 10 AM in the morning and 3 PM to 7 PM in the evening where stop and go traffic is common throughout. The Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board (TPB) engaged Vanasse Hangen Brustlin (VHB) to review and summarize the state of the practice and the state of the art with regards to modeling peak spreading at the MPO level. VHB began this effort by reviewing the recent MPO survey and following up with staff at large MPOs with characteristics similar
Documentation of the DRI Model of the US economy, December 1993
The Energy Information Administration (EIA) uses models of the US economy developed by Data Resources, Inc. (DRI) for conducting policy analyses, preparing forecasts for the Annual Energy Outlook, the Short-Term Energy Outlook, and related analyses in conjunction with EIA`s National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) and its other energy market models. Both the DRI Model of the US Economy and the DRI Personal Computer Input-Output Model (PC-IO){sup 2} were developed and are maintained by DRI as proprietary models. This report provides documentation, as required by EIA standards for the use of proprietary models; describes the theoretical basis, structure and functions of both DRI models; and contains brief descriptions of the models and their equations. Appendix A describes how the two large-scale models documented here are used to support the macroeconomic and interindustry modeling associated with the National Energy Modeling System. Appendix B is an article by Stephen McNees of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston on ``How Large are Economic Forecast Errors.`` This article assesses the forecast accuracy of a number of economic forecasting models (groups) and is attached as an independent assessment of the forecast accuracy of the DRI Model of the US Economy.
Regional long-term production modeling from a single well test, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope
Following the results from the open-hole formation pressure response test in the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well (Mount Elbert well) using Schlumberger�s Modular Dynamics Formation Tester (MDT) wireline tool, the International Methane Hydrate Reservoir Simulator Code Comparison project performed long-term reservoir simulations on three different model reservoirs. These descriptions were based on 1) the Mount Elbert gas hydrate accumulation as delineated by an extensive history-matching exercise, 2) an estimation of the hydrate accumulation near the Prudhoe Bay L-pad, and 3) a reservoir that would be down-dip of the Prudhoe Bay L-pad and therefore warmer and deeper. All of these simulations were based, in part, on the results of the MDT results from the Mount Elbert Well. The comparison group�s consensus value for the initial perme- ability of the hydrate-filled reservoir (k = 0.12 mD) and the permeability model based on the MDT history match were used as the basis for subsequent simulations on the three regional scenarios. The simulation results of the five different simulation codes, CMG STARS, HydrateResSim, MH-21 HYDRES, STOMP-HYD, and TOUGH�HYDRATE exhibit good qualitative agreement and the variability of potential methane production rates from gas hydrate reservoirs is illustrated. As expected, the pre- dicted methane production rate increased with increasing in situ reservoir temperature; however, a significant delay in the onset of rapid hydrate dissociation is observed for a cold, homogeneous reservoir and it is found to be repeatable. The inclusion of reservoir heterogeneity in the description of this cold reservoir is shown to eliminate this delayed production. Overall, simulations utilized detailed information collected across the Mount Elbert reservoir either obtained or determined from geophysical well logs, including thickness (37 ft), porosity (35%), hydrate saturation (65%), intrinsic permeability (1000 mD), pore water salinity (5 ppt), and formation temperature (3.3�3.9 ?C). This paper presents the approach and results of extrapolating regional forward production modeling from history-matching efforts on the results from a single well test.
Anderson, Brian; Kurihara, Masanori; White, Mark D.; Moridis, George J.; Wilson, Scott J.; Pooladi-Darvish, Mehran; Gaddipati, Manohar; Masuda, Yoshihiro; Collett, T. S.; Hunter, Robert B.; Narita, Hideo; Rose, Kelly K.; Boswell, Ray
A Compact Charge-Based Propagation Delay Model for Submicronic CMOS Buffers
We provide an accurate analytical expression for the propagation delay and the output transition time of submicron CMOS buffers that takes into account the short-circuit current, the input-output coupling capacitance, and the carrier velocity saturation ...
Jos� Luis Rossello; Jaume Segura
JOBS FC 1.0 (JOBS and economic impacts of Fuel Cells)
0 0 (JOBS and economic impacts of Fuel Cells)* Marianne Mintz, Argonne National Laboratory Eric Stewart and Catherine Mertes, RCF Economic & Financial Consulting May 22, 2012 *Funded by EERE-FCT Program JOBS FC uses input-output approach to model deployment 2 JOBS FC is a user-friendly spreadsheet-based tool that calculates direct, indirect and induced job creation, wages and sales resulting from FC production, installation, operation and fueling. JOBS FC uses Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II) multipliers to capture effect of expenditures on earnings, output and employment JOBS FC models gross and net jobs created by 3 technologies, 3 applications, multiple FC capacities (defaults shown) $ Jobs are created at each stage in FC
Data Assimilation of Satellite-Derived Heating Rates as Proxy Surface Wetness Data into a Regional Atmospheric Mesoscale Model. Part I: Methodology
A satellite data assimilation method is developed which incorporates satellite-observed infrared heating rates into a mesoscale atmospheric model to retrieve model soil moisture. The method builds upon previous work with the model�s surface ...
Andrew S. Jones; Ingrid C. Guch; Thomas H. Vonder Haar
ImSET 3.1: Impact of Sector Energy Technologies Model Description and User's Guide
This 3.1 version of the Impact of Sector Energy Technologies (ImSET) model represents the next generation of the previously-built ImSET model (ImSET 2.0) that was developed in 2005 to estimate the macroeconomic impacts of energy-efficient technology in buildings. In particular, a special-purpose version of the Benchmark National Input-Output (I-O) model was designed specifically to estimate the national employment and income effects of the deployment of Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)�developed energy-saving technologies. In comparison with the previous versions of the model, this version features the use of the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis 2002 national input-output table and the central processing code has been moved from the FORTRAN legacy operating environment to a modern C++ code. ImSET is also easier to use than extant macroeconomic simulation models and incorporates information developed by each of the EERE offices as part of the requirements of the Government Performance and Results Act. While it does not include the ability to model certain dynamic features of markets for labor and other factors of production featured in the more complex models, for most purposes these excluded features are not critical. The analysis is credible as long as the assumption is made that relative prices in the economy would not be substantially affected by energy efficiency investments. In most cases, the expected scale of these investments is small enough that neither labor markets nor production cost relationships should seriously affect national prices as the investments are made. The exact timing of impacts on gross product, employment, and national wage income from energy efficiency investments is not well-enough understood that much special insight can be gained from the additional dynamic sophistication of a macroeconomic simulation model. Thus, we believe that this version of ImSET is a cost-effective solution to estimating the economic impacts of the development of energy-efficient technologies.
Scott, Michael J.; Livingston, Olga V.; Balducci, Patrick J.; Roop, Joseph M.; Schultz, Robert W.
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
t 09/20/07 15:28 FAX 301 903 4656 t 09/20/07 15:28 FAX 301 903 4656 CAPITAL REGION 0 j002 SDOE F 1325.8 (8-89) EFG (0790) Energy United States Government Department of Energy Memorandum DATE. September 18, 2007 Audit Report No.: OAS-L-07-23 REPLY TO: IG-34 (A07TG036) SUBJECT: Evaluation of "The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Cyber Security Program-2007" TO: Chairman, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission The purpose of this report is to inform you of the results o Four evaluation of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (Commission) cyber security program. The evaluation was initiated in May 2007, and our fieldwork was conducted through September 2007. Our methodology is described in the attachment to this report. . INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The Commission reports that it is constantly improving thl stability, reliability, and
A Large-Droplet Mode and Prognostic Number Concentration of Cloud Droplets in the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Part II: Sensitivity to a Colorado Winter Snowfall Event
This paper is the second in a two-part series describing recent additions to the microphysics module of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) at Colorado State University. These changes include the addition of a large-cloud-droplet mode ...
Correction and commentary for "Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the regional ocean modeling system" by Haidvogel et al., J. Comp. Phys. 227, pp. 3595-3624
Although our names appear as co-authors in the above article (Haidvogel et al. (2008) [1], hereafter H2008), we were not aware of its existence until after it was published. In reading the article, we discovered that a significant portion of it (~40%, ... Keywords: Conservation and constancy preservation, Regional ocean modeling, Split-explicit time stepping, Terrain-following coordinates
Alexander F. Shchepetkin; James C. McWilliams
RHESSys: Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation System�An Object-Oriented Approach to Spatially Distributed Modeling of Carbon, Water, and Nutrient Cycling
Process-based models that can represent multiple and interacting processes provide a framework for combining field-based measurements with evolving science-based models of specific hydroecological processes. Use of these models, however, requires ...
C. L. Tague; L. E. Band
Third Northeast Regional Operational Workshop
The Third Northeast Regional Operational Workshop, focusing on hydrometeorology in the northeastern United States, was held 6-7 November 2001 in Albany, New York. Sessions covered cold season events, warm season events, modeling,and operational ...
Eugene P. Auciello
Regional Groundwater Evapotranspiration in Illinois
The role of shallow unconfined aquifers in supplying water for evapotranspiration (i.e., groundwater evaporation) is investigated in this paper. Recent results from regional land surface modeling have indicated that in shallow water table areas, ...
Pat J-F. Yeh; J. S. Famiglietti