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KST Coatings, A Business Unit of The Sherwin-Williams Company | Open Energy
Open Energy Info (EERE)
KST Coatings, A Business Unit of The Sherwin-Williams Company KST Coatings, A Business Unit of The Sherwin-Williams Company Jump to: navigation, search Name KST Coatings, A Business Unit of The Sherwin-Williams Company Address 101Prospect Ave NW Place Cleveland, Ohio Zip 44115 Sector Buildings, Efficiency Product Manufacturing Phone number 888-321-5665 Website http://kstcoatings.com Coordinates 41.4980731°, -81.6914371° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.4980731,"lon":-81.6914371,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Physical Aging of Arsenic Trisulfide Thick Films and Bulk Materials Rong-Ping Wang,w
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Physical Aging of Arsenic Trisulfide Thick Films and Bulk Materials Rong-Ping Wang,w Andrei Rode referred to as a physical aging phenomenon.7,8 To avoid the changes in physical properties caused by physical aging, a material with completely saturated aging should be used in chalcogenide-based devices
Chen, Ying
NREL: Energy Sciences - Chunmei Ban
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Chunmei Ban Chunmei Ban Scientist III Photo of Chunmei Ban Phone: (303) 384-6504 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com At NREL Since: 2008 Chunmei Ban graduated from Tianjin University with Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Electrochemistry, and from State University of New York at Binghamton with a Ph.D. in Chemistry. Dr. Ban joined NREL in 2008 and has focused her research on developing new materials for energy storage and conversion. She has extensive experience in synthesis of nanostructured materials, employing electrochemical analytic methods, et-situ/in-situ X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy for the investigation of electrochemical properties and structure. Her current research is focused on the synthesis and analysis of nano-materials with desirable structures
La Roca Blanca de Lhang lhang - Un santuario en Nyag rong
de Rag dmar, debido a la progresiva influencia a lo largo de los siglos de la emigraci�n de poblaci�n mi nyag pa en el Nyag rong, procedentes del norte. La predominancia del dialecto mi nyag habr�a cambiado el antiguo nombre del �rea, que era Brag... mi nyag pa shar dang lho phyogs su �phos mthus mi nyag log skad da lta�ang lus yod pa de sa gnas �dir rag dmar �go zer ba ni brag dmar �go zer ba yin/ La Roca Blanca de Lhang lhang 15 masculina(dbon brgyud) 9 . Muchos de estos centros religiosos...
Aguillar, Oriol
Limited Test Ban Treaty Signed | National Nuclear Security Administrat...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Timeline > Limited Test Ban Treaty Signed Limited Test Ban Treaty Signed August 05, 1963 Washington, DC Limited Test Ban Treaty Signed The United States, Great Britain, and the...
Effects of foam insulation ban far reaching
SciTech Connect
The government ban on urea-formaldehyde foam as an insulation material for homes is discussed. Resultant economic hardships are projected not only for the primary industry but for other industries using formaldehyde in their products. The loss of realty value for homeowners who used the foam is also a topic. Criteria for making the controversial ban are given. (PSB)
Hanson, D.J.
Senate Rejects Test Ban Treaty | National Nuclear Security Administrat...
Timeline > Senate Rejects Test Ban Treaty Senate Rejects Test Ban Treaty October 13, 1999 Washington, DC Senate Rejects Test Ban Treaty The Senate votes 48-51 to reject the...
North Slope export ban in repealed
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The U.S. Senate and House both approve a bill lifting the 20-year-old ban on exports from the North Slope. The importance of this action is described.
Motor Gasoline Outlook and State MTBE Bans
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Motor Gasoline Outlook Motor Gasoline Outlook and State MTBE Bans Tancred Lidderdale Contents 1. Summary 2. MTBE Supply and Demand 3. Ethanol Supply 4. Gasoline Supply 5. Gasoline Prices A. Long-Term Equilibrium Price Analysis B. Short-Term Price Volatility 6. Conclusion 7. Appendix A. Estimating MTBE Consumption by State 8. Appendix B. MTBE Imports and Exports 9. Appendix C. Glossary of Terms 10. End Notes 11. References 1. Summary The U.S. is beginning the summer 2003 driving season with lower gasoline inventories and higher prices than last year. Recovery from this tight gasoline market could be made more difficult by impending State bans on the blending of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) into gasoline that are scheduled to begin later this year. Three impending State bans on MTBE blending could significantly affect gasoline
The Social Costs of an MTBE Ban in California
of the Nation�s Natural Gas Demand. � Washington DC, 1999.Effects of MTBE Ban on Natural Gas Demand Ethanol Tax CreditEffects of MTBE Ban on Natural Gas Demand Ethanol Tax Credit
Rausser, Gordon C.; Adams, Gregory D.; Montgomery, W. David; Smith, Anne E.
Reports and Publications (EIA)
The U.S. is beginning the summer 2003 driving season with lower gasoline inventories and higher prices than last year. Recovery from this tight gasoline market could be made more difficult by impending State bans on the blending of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) into gasoline that are scheduled to begin later this year.
Information Center
Status and Impact of State MTBE Bans
Status and Impact of State MTBE Bans Status and Impact of State MTBE Bans Background As a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA90), the year-round use of reformulated gasoline (RFG) has been required in cities with the worst smog problems since 1995 (Figure 1). One of the requirements of RFG specified by CAAA90 is a 2- percent oxygen requirement, which is met by blending "oxygenates," 1 including methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and ethanol, into the gasoline. MTBE is the oxygenate used in almost all RFG outside of the Midwest. Ethanol is currently used in the Midwest as an oxygenate in RFG and as an octane booster and volume extender in conventional gasoline. Several years ago, MTBE was detected in water supplies scattered throughout the country, but predominantly in areas using RFG. MTBE from RFG was apparently
Canada affirms ban on discount gas exports
Canada's National Energy Board has banned discount gas export deals with California and supported Canadian producer arguments for long term contracts at stable prices. The ruling is seen as a victory by Canadian producers in a battle with the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) over gas exports and prices. It benefits Canadian producers who are members of a supply pool that provides contract gas to California. There is a $1 billion/year gas export trade flowing from Alberta to California. Several projects are under way to expand pipeline capacity and increase exports.
Not Available
Limited Test Ban Treaty Signed | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response...
Senate Rejects Test Ban Treaty | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response...
Preparations for Meeting New York and Connecticut MTBE Bans
In response to a Congressional request, EIA examined the progress being made to meet the bans on the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) being implemented in New York and Connecticut at the end of 2003.
Joanne Shore
Trading Puts and CDS on Stocks with Short Sale Ban
We focus on the short sale ban of 2008 to examine the interaction between price discovery in banned stocks and the trading of options and CDS. Within the sample of banned stocks with exchange traded options, stocks whose put-call ratios are in the top quintile underperform the middle group by 1.56 % and 2.84%, respectively, over the next two- and five-day returns. By contrast, the bottom quintile does not perform differently from the middle group. Within the sample of banned stocks with CDS traded and using their one-day percentage change in CDS spreads as a signal, we find cross-sectional predictability CDS signal for future stock returns. Again, the predictability is asymmetric, driven mostly by stocks with more positive percentage change in CDS spreads, and therefore more negative information according to the CDS market. Overall, our results confirm that in the presence of short sale ban, it takes time for the negative information contained in either the options market or the CDS market to get incorporated into stock prices.
Sophie Xiaoyan Ni; Jun Pan
City of Banning, California (Utility Company) | Open Energy Information
Banning, California (Utility Company) Banning, California (Utility Company) Jump to: navigation, search Name Banning City of Place California Utility Id 1192 Utility Location Yes Ownership M NERC Location WECC NERC WECC Yes ISO CA Yes Activity Generation Yes Activity Transmission Yes Activity Distribution Yes Activity Wholesale Marketing Yes Alt Fuel Vehicle Yes Alt Fuel Vehicle2 Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png General and Industrial Service Industrial Large General and Industrial Service TOU Industrial Low Income Qualified Baseline Service Residential Municipal Service Commercial
Gamma-Ray Bursts Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963
Lecture 18 Gamma-Ray Bursts #12;Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963 First Vela satellite pair launched and their predecessors, Vela 4, discovered the first gamma-ray bursts. The discovery was announced by Klebesadel, Strong, and Olson (ApJ, 182, 85) in 1973. #12;First Gamma-Ray Burst The Vela 5 satellites functioned from July, 1969
Harrison, Thomas
National security and the comprehensive test ban treaty
For nearly three years now, the US, UK, and USSR have been working on the draft of a treaty that would ban all nuclear explosions (both peaceful applications and weapon tests) and institute verification and monitoring provisions to ensure compliance with the treaty. The status of the draft treaty is summarized. The question, Is a CTBT really in the interest of US national security. is analyzed with arguments used by both proponents and opponents of the CTBT. It is concluded that there are arguments both for and against a CTBT, but, for those whose approach to national security can be expressed as peace through preparedness, the arguments against a CTBT appear persuasive. (LCL)
Landauer, J.K.
A chronology of Comprehensive Test Ban proposals, negotiations, and debates: 1945--1993
This document is a compilation of the comprehensive test ban proposals, negotiations and debates which took place between July, 1945 and October, 1993.
Pounds, T.J.
2 2 Preparations for Meeting New York and Connecticut MTBE Bans October 2003 Office of Oil and Gas Energy Information Administration U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or of any other organization. Contacts and Acknowledgments This report was prepared by the Office of Oil and Gas of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) under the direction of John Cook, Director, Petroleum Division. Questions concerning the report may be directed to Joanne Shore (202/586-4677),
Commentary Wireless technology in the ICU: boon or ban?
Wireless communication and data transmission are playing an increasing role in the critical care environment. Early anecdotal reports of electromagnetic interference (EMI) with intensive care unit (ICU) equipment resulted in many institutions banning these devices. An increasing literature database has more clearly defined the risks of EMI. Restrictions to the use of mobile devices are being lifted, and it has been suggested that the benefits of improved communication may outweigh the small risks. However, increased use of cellular phones and ever changing communication technologies require ongoing vigilance by healthcare device manufacturers, hospitals and device users, to prevent potentially hazardous events due to EMI. The numerous anecdotal reports of catastrophic medical equipment failure in close proximity to electromagnetic field
Aviv S Gladman; Stephen E Lapinsky
Arms Control: US and International efforts to ban biological weapons
The Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons Convention, the treaty that bans the development, production, and stockpiling and acquisition of biological weapons was opened for signature in 1972 and came into force in 1975 after being ratified by 22 governments, including the depository nations of the USA, the United Kingdom, and the former Soviet Union. In support of the Convention, the USA later established export controls on items used to make biological weapons. Further, in accordance with the 1990 President`s Enhanced Proliferation Control Initiative, actions were taken to redefine and expand US export controls, as well as to encourage multilateral controls through the Australia Group. Thus far, the Convention has not been effective in stopping the development of biological weapons. The principal findings as to the reasons of the failures of the Convention are found to be: the Convention lacks universality, compliance measures are effective, advantage of verification may outweigh disadvantages. Recommendations for mitigating these failures are outlined in this report.
Free market to be tested: Alaska oil export ban to be lifted
This article featurers a discussion of the effects of the lifting of the ban on Alaskan North Slope crude oil exports. This discussion centers on a report by the US DOE analyzing the impact of removing the crude oil export ban and takes issue with some of the findings in the report. It was concluded that the lifting of the ban will result in a rise in crude oil prices and a subsequent rise in prices to the end user. Also included in this article is refining netback data as of December 8th for the US Gulf Coast, US West Coast, Singapore, and Rotterdam. Eastern hemisphere fuel prices are also included.
Livermore scientist, engineers train to be inspectors for test ban treaty
scientist, engineers train to be inspectors for test ban treaty scientist, engineers train to be inspectors for test ban treaty organization | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > NNSA Blog > Livermore scientist, engineers train to be inspectors ... Livermore scientist, engineers train to be inspectors for test ban treaty organization
Top UN officials call on hold-out States to ratify treaty banning nuclear tests
Top UN officials call on hold-out States to ratify treaty banning nuclear tests 29 August 2011 in Kurchatov, Kazakhstan. (June 2010) 29 August 2011 Warning that voluntary moratoriums on nuclear weapon War, hundreds of nuclear weapon tests left behind a devastating legacy for local citizens
Implications of lifting the ban on the export of Alaskan crude oil
Present legislation effectively bans the export of crude oil produced in the United States. The ban has been in effect for years and is particularly stringent with respect to crude oil produced in Alaska, particularly on the North Slope. The Alaska crude export ban is specifically provided for in the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act of 1973 and in other legislation. It was imposed for two reasons. The first was to reduce US dependence on imported crude oil. The Arab oil embargo had been imposed shortly before the Act was passed and a greater measure of energy independence was considered imperative at that time. The second reason was to assure that funds expended in building an Alaskan pipeline would benefit domestic users rather than simply employed to facilitate shipments to other countries. The main objective of this report is to estimate the potential impacts on crude oil prices that would result from lifting the export ban Alaskan crude oil. The report focuses on the Japanese market and the US West Coast market. Japan is the principal potential export market for Alaskan crude oil. Exports to that market would also affect the price of Alaskan crude oil as well as crude oil and product prices on the West Coast and the volume of petroleum imported in that area. 3 figs., 8 tabs.
Thank you for your interest in Fire Prevention! Burning Ban Flags
Thank you for your interest in Fire Prevention! Burning Ban Flags Texas A&M Forest Service image to the public, a signal to stop outdoor burning and begin conserving water. They are sold on outdoor burning as a wildfire prevention tool. To support this prevention effort, TFS posts a list
Pontotoc Co. Greene Co. Hale Co. OAK GROVE C OAL D EGAS CEDAR COVE
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Pontotoc Co. Greene Co. Hale Co. OAK GROVE C OAL D EGAS CEDAR COVE COAL DEGAS
Policy issues facing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and prospects for the future
This report is divided into the following 5 sections: (1) Background; (2) Major Issues Facing Ratification of CTBT; (3) Current Status on CTBT Ratification; (4) Status of CTBT Signatories and Ratifiers; and (5) CTBT Activities Not Prohibited. The major issues facing ratification of CTBT discussed here are: impact on CTBT of START II and ABM ratification; impact of India and Pakistan nuclear tests; CTBT entry into force; and establishment of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization.
Sweeney, J.
Unvented Attic Increases Energy Efficiency and Reduces Duct Losses - Sun Lake at Banning, California
New houses in the Sun Lakes at Banning subdivision are designed by Pulte Homes with technical support from the Building Science Consortium as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America Program. These homes save their homeowners money by applying the principles of ''whole-building'' design, which considers the house as a complete system instead of separate components.
Anderson, R.; Wells, N.
Ban of DDT and subsequent recovery of Reproduction in bald eagles
Reproduction of bald eagles in northwestern Ontario declined from 1.26 young per breeding area in 1966 to a low of 0.46 in 1974 and then increased to 1.12 in 1981. Residues of DDE in addled eggs showed a significant inverse relation, confirming the effects of this toxicant on bald eagle reproduction at the population level and the effectiveness of the ban on DDT. The recovery from DDE contamination in bald eagles appears to be occurring much more rapidly than predicted.
Grier, J.W.
Machine Learning and Data Mining for Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Monitoring
The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) is gaining renewed attention in light of growing worldwide interest in mitigating risks of nuclear weapons proliferation and testing. Since the International Monitoring System (IMS) installed the first suite of sensors in the late 1990's, the IMS network has steadily progressed, providing valuable support for event diagnostics. This progress was highlighted at the recent International Scientific Studies (ISS) Conference in Vienna in June 2009, where scientists and domain experts met with policy makers to assess the current status of the CTBT Verification System. A strategic theme within the ISS Conference centered on exploring opportunities for further enhancing the detection and localization accuracy of low magnitude events by drawing upon modern tools and techniques for machine learning and large-scale data analysis. Several promising approaches for data exploitation were presented at the Conference. These are summarized in a companion report. In this paper, we introduce essential concepts in machine learning and assess techniques which could provide both incremental and comprehensive value for event discrimination by increasing the accuracy of the final data product, refining On-Site-Inspection (OSI) conclusions, and potentially reducing the cost of future network operations.
Russell, S; Vaidya, S
Near-term implications of a ban on new coal-fired power plants in the United States
Large numbers of proposed new coal power generators in the United States have been cancelled, and some states have prohibited new coal power generators. We examine the effects on the U.S. electric power system of banning the construction of coal-fired electricity generators, which has been proposed as a means to reduce U.S. CO{sub 2} emissions. The model simulates load growth, resource planning, and economic dispatch of the Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator (ISO), Inc., Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), and PJM under a ban on new coal generation and uses an economic dispatch model to calculate the resulting changes in dispatch order, CO{sub 2} emissions, and fuel use under three near-term (until 2030) future electric power sector scenarios. A national ban on new coal-fired power plants does not lead to CO{sub 2} reductions of the scale required under proposed federal legislation such as Lieberman-Warner but would greatly increase the fraction of time when natural gas sets the price of electricity, even with aggressive wind and demand response policies. 50 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.
Adam Newcomer; Jay Apt [Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty research and development FY95-96 program plan
The Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for the United States Government`s (USG) research and development (R&D) functions for monitoring nuclear explosions in the context of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This responsibility includes the November 1993 transfer of the Department of Defense`s (DoD) CTBT R&D responsibility to DOE. The DOE research program builds on the broad base of USG expertise developed historically and includes R&D for detecting, locating, identifying, and characterizing nuclear explosions in all environments. The Office of Research and Development (NN-20), within the Department of Energy`s Office of Nonproliferation and National Security, formulates and executes the efforts necessary to meet the Department`s responsibilities. The following DOE laboratories as a team will support NN-20 in implementing the program plan: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, and Sandia National Laboratories. DOE has committed to a cooperative program that draws upon the core competencies of the national laboratories and upon the strengths of other government agencies and the private sector (academia and industry). The integration of resources under a common direction will allow the program to be flexible and responsive to changing technical and policy requirements while maximizing the effectiveness of funding appropriations. DOE will develop and demonstrate appropriate technologies, algorithms, procedures, and integrated systems in a cost-effective and timely manner. The program comprises seismic, radionuclide, hydroacoustic, and infrasound monitoring; on-site inspection; space-based monitoring; and automated data processing elements.
Proceedings of the 21st Seismic Research Symposium: Technologies for Monitoring The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
These proceedings contain papers prepared for the 21st Seismic Research Symposium: Technologies for Monitoring The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, held 21-24 September 1999 in Las Vegas, Nevada. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), Department of Defense (DoD), the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Warren, N. Jill [Editor
A Discussion of Procedures and Equipment for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty On-Site Inspection Environmental Sampling and Analysis
This paper is intended to serve as a scientific basis to start discussions of the available environmental sampling techniques and equipment that have been used in the past that could be considered for use within the context of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) on-site inspections (OSI). This work contains information on the techniques, equipment, costs, and some operational procedures associated with environmental sampling that have actually been used in the past by the United States for the detection of nuclear explosions. This paper also includes a discussion of issues, recommendations, and questions needing further study within the context of the sampling and analysis of aquatic materials, atmospheric gases, atmospheric particulates, vegetation, sediments and soils, fauna, and drill-back materials.
Wogman, Ned A.; Milbrath, Brian D.; Payne, Rosara F.; Seifert, Carolyn E.; Friese, Judah I.; Miley, Harry S.; Bowyer, Ted W.; Hanlen, Richard C.; Onishi, Yasuo; Hayes, James C.; Wigmosta, Mark S.
Measurement of 37Ar to support technology for On-site Inspection under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
On-Site Inspection (OSI) is a key component of the verification regime for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Measurements of radionuclide isotopes created by an underground nuclear explosion are a valuable signature of a Treaty violation. Argon-37 is produced from neutron interaction with calcium in soil, 40Ca(n,{\\alpha})37Ar. For OSI, the 35-day half-life of 37Ar provides both high specific activity and sufficient time for completion of an inspection before decay limits sensitivity. This paper presents a low-background internal-source gas proportional counter with an 37Ar measurement sensitivity level equivalent to 45.1 mBq/SCM in whole air.
C. E. Aalseth; A. R. Day; D. A. Haas; E. W. Hoppe; B. J. Hyronimus; M. E. Keillor; E. K. Mace; J. L. Orrell; A. Seifert; V. T. Woods
George Ban-Weiss
W. Delp, Peter Ly, Hashem Akbari, and Ronnen M. Levinson. "Electricity production and cooling energy savings from installation of a building-integrated photovoltaic roof on an...
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Restaurant and Bar Owners � Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Attitudes Regarding Smoking Bans in Five Chinese Cities
Abstract: Despite the great progress made towards smoke-free environments, only 9 % of countries worldwide mandate smoke-free restaurants and bars. Smoking was generally not regulated in restaurants and bars in China before 2008. This study was designed to examine the public attitudes towards banning smoking in these places in China. A convenience sample of 814 restaurants and bars was selected in five Chinese cities and all owners of these venues were interviewed in person by questionnaire in 2007. Eighty six percent of current nonsmoking subjects had at least one-day exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at work in the past week. Only 51 % of subjects knew SHS could cause heart disease. Only 17 % and 11 % of subjects supported prohibiting smoking completely in restaurants and in bars, respectively, while their support for restricting smoking to designated areas was much higher. Fifty three percent of subjects were willing to prohibit or restrict smoking in their own venues. Of those unwilling to do so, 82 % thought smokingInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8 1521
Ruiling Liu; S. Katharine Hammond; Andrew Hyl; Mark J. Travers; Yan Yang; Yi Nan; Guoze Feng; Qiang Li; Yuan Jiang
Proceedings of the 22nd Annual DoD/DOE Seismic Research Symposium: Planning for Verification of and Compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
These proceedings contain papers prepared for the 22nd Annual DoD/DOE Seismic Research Symposium: Planning for Verification of and Compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), held 13-15 September 2000 in New Orleans, Louisiana. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), Department of Defense (DoD), US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Defense Special Weapons Agency (DSWA), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Nichols, James W., LTC [Editor
Proceedings of the Symposium on the Non-Proliferation Experiment: Results and Implications for Test Ban Treaties, Rockville, Maryland, April 19-21, 1994
To address a critical verification issue for the current Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and for a possible future Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the Department of Energy sought to measure certain differences between an underground nuclear test and a chemical test in the same geology, so that other explosions could be identified. This was done in a field experiment code-named the NonProliferation Experiment (NPE).This comprehensive experiment was designed to determine the signatures of chemical explosions for a broad range of phenomena for comparison with those of previous nuclear tests. If significant differences can be measured, then these measures can be used to discriminate between the two types of explosions. In addition, when these differences are understood, large chemical explosions can be used to seismically calibrate regions to discriminate earthquakes from explosions. Toward this end, on-site and off-site measurements of transient phenomena were made, and on-site measurements of residual effects are in progress.Perhaps the most striking result was that the source function for the chemical explosion was identical to that of a nuclear one of about twice the yield. These proceedings provide more detailed results of the experiment.
Denny, Marvin D
AHP15: Rgyal rong Tibetan Life, Language, and Folklore in Rgyas bzang Village
to prostate to them, however, Mother told me that sgom pa never asked me to prostrate when I was small. Furthermore, I was not ordered to prostrate to bla ma when they visited my home. This is because of what happened one day when I was sitting on a wool...
G.yu 'brug; Stuart, C K
Countdown on the Comprehensive Test Ban
Africa India Pakistan 3. Where are nuclear tests conducted?Pakistan, and any other would-be proliferator refrain from continuing or beginning a nuclearand Pakistan). But an agreement to stop testing nuclear
Joeck, Neil
the Nevada Test Site report that 62 radiation accidents havethe Nevada Test Site report that 62 radiation accidents have
w i l l happen to the non- proliferation regime i f a CTB istons of dynamite) Non-proliferation Treaty National Seismic
more general and vocal. The fallout from that test killed aatmospheric radioactive fallout and w i t h the massiveunderground, atmospheric fallout was virtually eliminated.
to test new designs for nuclear weapons frequency = app. 10-B) to test effects of nuclear weapons frequency = app. twice2. What states have nuclear weapons? Admitted United States
Transitioning from �Banned� Mercury Thermometers to ...
... Increased automation = decreased turn ... temperature ranges, primarily as control and safety devices. ... Site visit to a petroleum distribution center ...
... Increased automation = decreased turn ... Device loses calibration values in memory & reverts to default ... Site visit to a petroleum distribution center ...
Mine seismicity and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Surface and underground mining operations generate seismic ground motions which are created by chemical explosions and ground failures. It may come as a surprise to some that the ground failures (coal bumps, first caves, pillar collapses, rockbursts, etc.) can send signals whose magnitudes are as strong or stronger than those from any mining blast. A verification system that includes seismic, infrasound, hydroacoustic and radionuclide sensors is being completed as part of the CTBT. The largest mine blasts and ground failures will be detected by this system and must be identified as distinct from signals generated by small nuclear explosions. Seismologists will analyze the seismic records and presumably should be able to separate them into earthquake-like and non earthquake-like categories, using a variety of so-called seismic discriminants. Non-earthquake essentially means explosion- or implosion-like. Such signals can be generated not only by mine blasts but also by a variety of ground failures. Because it is known that single-fired chemical explosions and nuclear explosion signals of the same yield give very similar seismic records, the non-earthquake signals will be of concern to the Treaty verification community. The magnitude of the mine-related events is in the range of seismicity created by smaller nuclear explosions or decoupled tests, which are of particular concern under the Treaty. It is conceivable that legitimate mining blasts or some mine-induced ground failures could occasionally be questioned. Information such as shot time, location and design parameters may be all that is necessary to resolve the event identity. In rare instances where the legitimate origin of the event could not be resolved by a consultation and clarification procedure, it might trigger on On-Site Inspection (OSI). Because there is uncertainty in the precise location of seismic event as determined by the International Monitoring System (IMS), the OSI can cover an area of up to 1,000 squared kilometers. In active mining districts this area could include several different mining operations. So, an OSI could be disruptive both to the mining community and to the US Government which must host the foreign inspection team. Accordingly, it is in the best interest of all US parties to try and eliminate the possible occurrence of false alarms. This can be achieved primarily by reducing the ambiguity of mine-induced seismic signals, so that even if these remain visible to the IMS they are clearly consistent with recognizable mining patterns.
Chiappetta, F. [Blasting Analysis International, Allentown, PA (United States); Heuze, F.; Walter, W. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Hopler, R. [Powderman Consulting Inc., Oxford, MD (United States); Hsu, V. [Air Force Technical Applications Center, Patrick AFB, FL (United States); Martin, B. [Thunder Basin Coal Co., Wright, WY (United States); Pearson, C. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Stump, B. [Southern Methodist Univ., Dallas, TX (United States); Zipf, K. [Univ. of New South Wales (Australia)
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
analytical agency within the Department of Energy. ... their facilities as well, ... making changes to meet the requirements. The switchover to ethanol based-RFG,
Montgomery. �Social Cost of Imported Oil and U.S. ImportCredit Change in Re?ning Cost, Oil Import Bill, and ConsumerCredit Change in Re?ning Cost, Oil Import Bill, and Consumer
Advertising Bans and the Substitutability of Online and Offline Advertising
The authors examine whether the growth of the Internet has reduced the effectiveness of government regulation of advertising. They combine nonexperimental variation in local regulation of offline alcohol advertising with ...
Goldfarb, Avi
Gasoline Elasticity Natural Gas Supply Elasticity NaturalReduced demand for natural gas Supply of Imports Ethanol &alternative scenarios for natural gas supply and demand. By
equivalent quantity (in energy terms) since oil imports areU.S. oil imports calculated equilibrium quantity of importsworld oil price times the equilibrium quantity of imports
Science Advice to Presidents: From Test Bans to SDI
complete discussion of the fallout controversy during thethe dangers of radioactive fallout. Individual scientists,be possible to reduce fallout. . . and perhaps to eliminate
Greb, G Allen
of the world. Price of crude oil. Wellhead price of naturalfor natural gas. Supply of crude oil. Supply of natural gas.to an increased demand for crude oil. Ethanol also has lower
and W.D. Montgomery. Oil Prices, Energy Security, and Importnew equilibrium world oil price and level of U.S. imports.to estimate the changes in oil prices that would result from
Ban Chao Nen scheme gives economic boost to NW Thailand
A major hydroelectric scheme in northwest Thailand is the first of several that could be developed on the Quae Yai River. Not only will it relieve demand for fossil fuel which would otherwise have to be imported, but it will also provide irrigation and social benefits through a well ordered resettlement scheme for families displaced by the creation of a reservoir.
Bhudraja, P.S.
purchasing natural gas imports at a lower price. Natural gasin the price of natural gas imports is a net bene?t to thesocial cost of natural gas imports was consid- erably less
Pyroelectric response of ferroelectric thin films A. Sharma, Z.-G. Ban, and S. P. Alpaya)
applied electric field. It is anticipated that depoling to a polydomain state may be achieved through
Alpay, S. Pamir
Modeling hydroacoustic waveform envelopes for comprehensive test?ban treaty monitoring
Robust and accurate localization of explosion events in the oceans requires modeling signal arrival times for a number of receivers. Additional information contained in the waveform envelope may also be used to recover other source properties and reduce the probability of false alarms in nuclear explosion monitoring. The feasibility of efficient envelope modeling was investigated by comparing adiabatic normal?mode model predictions with explosion data. The kraken computer code
Yevgeniy Y. Dorfman; Jay J. Pulli
www.wpcarey.asu.edu/seid PREFACE On November 7, 2006, the voters of Arizona approved the Smoke-Free Arizona Act, listed as Proposition 201 on the November 2006 ballot. The new law (Arizona Revised Statute 36-601.01) specified that the Act was to be implemented and enforced by the Arizona Department of Health Services. The Smoke-Free Arizona Act went into effect on May 1, 2007. In December 2006, the Arizona Department of Health Services requested that the L. William Seidman Research Institute, W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University conduct a study of the economic effect of the Smoke-Free Arizona Act. This report presents the findings from that study.
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The social costs of an MTBE ban in California (Long version)
58 Natural Gas Supply andalternative scenarios for natural gas supply and demand. Bya wide range for natural gas supply and demand elasticities,
The social costs of an MTBE ban in California (Condensed version)
demand and prices. NATURAL GAS SUPPLY AND DEMAND D N = A N *= B N * P, N eN S N Natural gas supply is a function of therest of the world Supply of natural gas in region X where X
A Report on Smoking Advertising and Promotion Bans in The lslamic Republic of Iran
increase tobacco use in the Islamic Republic of Iran.The Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Health and MedicalCommittee Islamic Republic of Iran World Health Organization
World Health Organization; Ministry of Health and Medical Education Deputy of Health
Reduced incidence of admissions for myocardial infarction associated with public smoking ban: before and after study
90% of the population of Helena live in the 59601 zip code.10% remaining live in the 59602 zip code, which includes aold who resided in the 59602 zip code and were admitted to
Sargent, R P; Shepard, R M; Glantz, Stanton A. Ph.D.
Lab scientist and engineers train to be inspectors for Test Ban...
We really enjoyed the international interactions." Felske has worked for LLNL at NTS for 31 years. Before nuclear explosive testing ended, he served in the Containment...
an equivalent quantity (in energy terms), oil imports, sinceworld oil price times the equilibrium quantity of importsDG Quantity of Gasoline Figure 3: Social Cost of Higher Oil
an equivalent quantity (in energy terms), oil imports, sinceworld oil price times the equilibrium quantity of importsquantities of ethanol and MTBE were used there would be no impact on US oil
an equivalent quantity (in energy terms), oil imports, sinceworld oil price times the equilibrium quantity of importsquantities of ethanol and MTBE were used there would be no impact on US oil imports.
an equivalent quantity (in energy terms), oil imports, sinceQuantity of Gasoline Figure 3: Social Cost of Higher Oil Importsworld oil price times the equilibrium quantity of imports
Cadmium ban spurs interest in zinc-nickel coating for corrosive aerospace environments
OSHA recently reduced the permissible exposure level for cadmium. The new standard virtually outlaws cadmium production and use, except in the most cost-insensitive applications. Aerospace manufacturers, which use cadmium extensively in coatings applications because of the material's corrosion resistance, are searching for substitutes. The most promising alternative found to date is a zinc-nickel alloy. Tests show that the alloy outperforms cadmium without generating associated toxicity issues. As a result, several major manufacturing and standards organizations have adopted the zinc-nickel compound as a standard cadmium replacement. The basis for revising the cadmium PEL -- which applies to occupational exposure in industrial, agricultural and maritime occupations -- is an official OSHA determination that employees exposed to cadmium under the existing PEL face significant health risks from lung cancer and kidney damage. In one of its principal uses, cadmium is electroplated to steel, where it acts as an anticorrosive agent.
Bates, J. (Pure Coatings Inc., West Palm Beach, FL (United States))
Selling Desire and Dissatisfaction: Why Advertising should be banned From Bhutan
: Studies in Lack� (State University of New York Press, Albany, 2002) McDonald, R. (2003), Finding Happiness in Wisdom and Compassion. Journal of Bhutan Studies, 9, pp. 1-22. _________. (2004), Television, Materialism and Culture: An Exploration... commercialised force, modern media seeks new markets in order to profit from them. The extent to which any local population is genuinely enhanced in the process is a matter of serious debate. This paper considers the downside of commercial media and its...
McDonald, Ross
Technical Appendices, Refinery Modeling Task 3: SupplyStates is produced in refineries and merchant plants fromand other problems in the refinery. Separate storage tanks
22 4.4.1 RefineryStates is produced in refineries and merchant plants fromand other problems in the refinery. Separate storage tanks
An Overview of Geothermal Development in Tiwi and Mak-Ban, Philippines
Commercial-scale geothermal development in the Philippines began i n 1972 with the completion of the discovery well in the southeastern portion of Luzon Island. A second geothermal anomaly was discovered i n 1975 on the southern flank of Mt . Makiling, forty miles south of Manila. Both fields are being developed and operated by Philippine Geothermal, Inc. (PGI) , a wholly-owned subsidiary of Union Oil Company of California. Currently the Philippines ranks second worldwide in installed geothermal-powered electrical generation capacity with 443 MW and PGI has developed 440 PW of the 443 MW country total. Additional generation capacity is planned or under construction in both fields. Over 1.9 billion kilowatt-hours of electrical power have been produced to date. This represents a savings of approximately three million barrels of imported fuel oil for power generation.
Raasch, G.D.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Peter Gerstoft 1 International Data Centre Introduction to Hydroacoustics
energy the arrival time, arrival time uncertainty and SNR is extracted from the hydro_features table is ocean bottom. Usually, long range acoustic energy propagates without bottom interaction for ocean depths scattering is can also be important. Typically, ocean acoustic energy will propagate at grazing angles less
Buckingham, Michael
Metal Oxide-Graphene Nanocomposites for Li-Ion Battery
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Implications of mining practices in an open-pit gold mine for monitoring of a comprehensive test-ban treaty
This report summarizes the results of an experiment at the Gold Quarry pit, operated by the Newmont Gold Company at Carlin, NV The purpose of the experiment was to obtain local and regional seismic data, together with ``ground truth``, from conventional surface blasting activity and to use these data to help determine the effectiveness with which conventional mining blasts can be discriminated from underground nuclear explosions.
Jarpe, S.P.; Moran, B.; Goldstein, P.; Glenn, L.A.
Rapid Deployment Drilling System for on-site inspections under a Comprehensive Test Ban Preliminary Engineering Design
While not a new drilling technology, coiled-tubing (CT) drilling continues to undergo rapid development and expansion, with new equipment, tools and procedures developed almost daily. This project was undertaken to: analyze available technological options for a Rapid Deployment Drilling System (RDDS) CT drilling system: recommend specific technologies that best match the requirements for the RDDS; and highlight any areas where adequate technological solutions are not currently available. Postshot drilling is a well established technique at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Drilling provides essential data on the results of underground tests including obtaining samples for the shot zone, information on cavity size, chimney dimensions, effects of the event on surrounding material, and distribution of radioactivity.
Maurer, W.C.; Deskins, W.G.; McDonald, W.J.; Cohen, J.H. [Maurer Engineering, Inc., Houston, TX (United States); Heuze, F.E.; Butler, M.W. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
Model-based Bayesian Seismic Monitoring
for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), NET-The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test- Ban Treaty (CTBT), whichfor the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (
Arora, Nimar S.
Using ambient noise to extract coherent environmental information
for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Wefrom the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty�s (CTBT)of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the
Fried, Stephanie Evelyn
Spark Plasma Sintering of SiC-SiO
Presentation Title, Spark Plasma Sintering of SiC-SiO2 Composites with CVD SiO2 Coated SiC Powder. Author(s), Zhenhua He, Hirokazu Katsui, Rong Tu,�...
Revue d�Etudes Tib�taines
. Moscou : Nauka. Zhang Yisun 1993. Bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo, P�kin : Mi rigs dpe skrun khang LA ROCA BLANCA DE LHANG LHANG Un santuario en Nyag rong Oriol Aguilar En T�bet, el Pa�s de las Nieves, en el centro de... mi nyag pa en el Nyag rong, procedentes del norte. La predominancia del dialecto mi nyag habr�a cambiado el antiguo nombre del �rea, que era Brag dmar, en Rag dmar8. Tambi�n facilita los nombres de los diversos centros religiosos desde tiempos...
Achard, Jean-Luc
BERLINER AUSBILDUNGSBETRIEBE METALL (eine Auswahl) Fertigung und Montage
Gebäudetechnik AG Region Ost Lessingstr. 79-81 13158 Berlin 91772415 http://www.abb.de ABB Kraftwerke Berlin Gmb Kunert Markendorfer Str. 6 13439 Berlin K.A.B. Kraftwerks- und Anlagenbau GmbH (metz. Gleistechnik Gottlieb-Dunkel-Str. 50-52 12099 Berlin 6251041 http://www.thyssenkrupp.de/ KST Kraftwerks- und
Berlin,Technische Universität
Preliminary report on the implications of mining practices in an open-pit gold mine for monitoring of a comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
This report summarizes the preliminary results of an ongoing experiment at the Gold Quarry pit, operated by the Newmont Gold Company at Carlin, NV. The purpose of the experiment is to obtain local and regional seismic data together with ``ground truth``, from conventional surface blasting activity and to use these data to help determine the effectiveness with which conventional mining blasts can be discriminated from underground nuclear explosions.
Jarpe, S.P.; Goldstein, P.; Moran, B.; Glenn, L.A.
Evaluation of Traffic Data Obtained via GPS-Enabled Mobile Phones: the Mobile Century Field Experiment
Hoh, M. Gruteser, R. Herring, J. Ban, D. Work, J. Herrera,Daniel B. Work, Ryan Herring, Xuegang (Jeff) Ban, andDaniel B. Work 2 , Ryan Herring 3 , Xuegang (Je?) Ban 4 ,
Herrera, Juan C.; Work, Daniel B.; Herring, Ryan; Ban, Xuegang Jeff; Bayen, Alexandre M
Real-Time Traffic Modeling and Estimation with Streaming Probe Data using Machine Learning
40�53, 2007. [24] X. Ban, R. Herring, P. Hao, and A. Bayen.2009. [25] X. Ban, R. Herring, J. Margulici, and A. Bayen.J. Herrera, D. Work, R. Herring, X. Ban, Q. Jacobson, and A.
Herring, Ryan Jay
Science and Security in an Age of Terrorism Jerry Gilfoyle
by the US Senate. Other treaties that follow include the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT) (signed .............................................................................................................................4 B. COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY and reliable. Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty -The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty is a treaty
Gilfoyle, Jerry
Tobacco Control in Hawai'i: Progress in Paradise
Board. 1995. Smoking bill: Restaurant ban should pass. Thewill hurt more than restaurants. Star-Bulletin. (Honolulu,Council panel tucks restaurants into smoking ban. Star-
Barnes, Richard L JD; Jennifer R. McCarthy PhD; Glantz, Stanton A. Ph.D.
Influence of Regional Development Policies and Clean Technology Adoption on Future Air Pollution Exposure
ciency, bans on residential wood combustion, bans on certainban on residential wood combustion during the winter months.Generation Reduced Wood Combustion Agricultural Emissions e
recent theorems by Champion, Ban & Song and Jeyakumar & Li. 1. Introduction ... Ban & Song [1] in 2009 and Jeyakumar & Li [8] in 2009), were made in.
Los Alamos Lab: NSO: Current Readings and Reports
(pdf) Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) Congressional Research Service: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, January 28, 2009 Background and Current Developments (pdf) Top of...
Nonproliferation through delegation
of The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty. Washington,Considerations of a Nuclear- Test Ban. In Arms Control,The VELA Incident: nuclear test or meteoriod? : National
Brown, Robert Louis
Attached is the file containing the word or phrase searchers ...
... Zimbabwe, elephants, protection. * Poland, bison, protected forest area. * Paraguay, parrots, banning trade in live animals. ...
Advanced High Energy and High Power Battery Systems for Automotive Applications Khalil Amine
materials for lithium ion battery Prof. Hua Kun Liu, Dr. Zaiping Guo Mrs. Nurul Idris Nanomaterials for lithium rechargeable batteries Prof. Hua Kun Liu, Dr. Jiazhao Wang Mr. Mohammad Ismail Hydrogen storage. Rong Zeng Mr. Hao Liu Nanostructured materials for lithium ion batteries Dr. Guoxiu Wang, Prof. Chao
Levi, Anthony F. J.
Battery-Aware Power Management Based on Markovian Decision Processes
Battery-Aware Power Management Based on Markovian Decision Processes Peng Rong Massoud Pedram prong the problem of maximizing the utilization of the battery capacity of the power source for a portable electronic system under a given performance constraint. A new stochastic model of a power-managed battery
Pedram, Massoud
1 Battery-Aware Power Management Based on Markovian Decision Processes Peng Rong and Massoud Pedram the problem of maximizing capacity utilization of the battery power source in a portable electronic system under latency and loss rate constraints. First, a detailed stochastic model of a power-managed, battery
`TVLSI-00029-2003.R1 An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery
`TVLSI-00029-2003.R1 1 An Analytical Model for Predicting the Remaining Battery Capacity of Lithium-Ion Batteries Peng Rong, Student Member, IEEE and Massoud Pedram, Fellow, IEEE Abstract -- Predicting the residual energy of the battery source that powers a portable electronic device is imperative in designing
Ogmios 09
ationalis iego uesadQ. o peting Interpretations f istory: hat if they are rong? ( hibchan, osta ica) Tapani SaL inen Min rity a a es i a ciet i r il: t e rt er a a es f t e ssia e erati . Lynn Land eer Indicators of thnolinguistic itality: ase...
Ostler, Nicholas D M
A Latent Source Model to Detect Multiple Spatial Clusters with Application in a Mobile Sensor Network for Surveillance of Nuclear Materials
to have sophisticated nuclear surveillance and detection systems deployed in major cities in the U and models to provide consistent and pervasive surveillance of nuclear materials in major cities. The network Network for Surveillance of Nuclear Materials Jerry Cheng, Minge Xie, Rong Chen and Fred Roberts 1
Xie, Minge
A Latent Model to Detect Multiple Spatial Clusters with Application in a Mobile Sensor Network for Surveillance of Nuclear Materials
surveillance of nuclear materials in major cities. The network consists of a large number of vehicles on which for Surveillance of Nuclear Materials Jerry Cheng, Minge Xie, Rong Chen and Fred Roberts1 Abstract Nuclear attacks to infrastructure. To deter such threats, it becomes increasingly vital to have sophisticated nuclear surveillance
Open Access
Research article Induction of apoptosis by the retinoid inducible growth regulator RIG1 depends on the NC motif in HtTA cervical cancer cells Fu-Ming Tsai1,2, Rong-Yaun Shyu3, Su-Ching Lin1, Chang-Chieh Wu4 and
Shun-yuan Jiang; Chieh Wu; Shun-yuan Jiang
Ohio's 10th congressional district: Energy Resources | Open Energy
Ohio. Ohio. Registered Research Institutions in Ohio's 10th congressional district Case Western Reserve University's Institute for Advanced Materials The Great Lakes Insitute for Energy Innovation Registered Policy Organizations in Ohio's 10th congressional district Earth Day Coalition Policy Matters Ohio Registered Energy Companies in Ohio's 10th congressional district Acorn Technology Corporation Acrion Technologies Arisdyne Systems Bio Energy LLC Blue Spark Technologies formerly Thin Battery Technologies Inc Daylighter Daily Solar Roof Light Dodson Lindblom International Inc Energy Industries of Ohio Ferro Corporation Five Star Technologies GELcore LLC Great Lakes WIND Network Intigral JW Great Lakes Wind LLC KST Coatings, A Business Unit of The Sherwin-Williams Company
A hybrid approach of physical laws and data-driven modeling for estimation: the example of queuing networks
2012. [16] X. J. Ban, R. Herring, P. Hao and A. M. Bayen,J. Herrera, D. Work, R. Herring, X. Ban, Q. Jacobson and A.460�481, 2010. [104] R. Herring, Real-Time Traffic Modeling
Hofleitner, Aude
Shifting Attitudes Towards Tobacco Control in Tobacco Country: Tobacco Industry Political Influence and Tobacco Policy Making in South Carolina
wants smoking ban in S.C. restaurants. The State. (Columbia,economic impact of the restaurant smoking ban in the city ofInternational Society of Restaurant Association Executives.
Sullivan BA, Sarah; Barnes, Richard L JD; Glantz, Stanton A. Ph.D.
... attempt. authority. average. avert. avoid. aware. away. awkward. ayaz. azerbaijan. ba. backe. baldvin. ban. banker. bankruptcy. barents. barn. barrack ...
-News Home Help Chirac defends planned EU arms sales to China to nervous Japan
, most of them on Okinawa near Taiwan -- have agreed to work together to oppose the lifting of the ban
Optical and mechanical behavior of the optical fiber infrasound sensor
the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. The mostfrom Nuclear Ex- plosions � Part II: The Soviet Test of 30
DeWolf, Scott
Measurements of Branching Fractions and Time-Dependent CP-Violating Asymmetries B. Aubert,1
Kenna,10 D. Thiessen,10 A. Khan,11 P. Kyberd,11 L. Teodorescu,11 A. E. Blinov,12 V. E. Blinov,12 V. P,22 Q. Zeng,22 B. Spaan,23 D. Altenburg,24 T. Brandt,24 J. Brose,24 M. Dickopp,24 E. Feltresi,24 A A. Zghiche,1 E. Grauges-Pous,2 A. Palano,3 A. Pompili,3 J. C. Chen,4 N. D. Qi,4 G. Rong,4 P. Wang,4
Ford, William
State Restrictions on Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (released in AEO2006)
By the end of 2005, 25 States had barred, or passed laws banning, any more than trace levels of MTBE in their gasoline supplies, and legislation to ban MTBE was pending in 4 others. Some State laws address only MTBE; others also address ethers such as ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) and tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME). AEO2006 assumes that all State MTBE bans prohibit the use of all ethers for gasoline blending.
Mercury Thermometer Alternatives Training
... tutorials are designed for educating various industrial user groups about the upcoming and current changes that ban the use of mercury products. ...
Electric Bike Use in China and Their Impacts on the Environment, Safety, Mobility and Accessibility
benefits! and! costs! of! electric! bikes! are! relative!would! otherwise! use! if! electric! bikes! were! banned. !That! is,! if! an! electric! bike! user! would! otherwise!
Cherry, Christopher
Impact of Renewable Fuels Standard/MTBE Provisions of S. 517 Requested by Sens. Daschle & Murkowski
Additional analysis of the impact of the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) ban provisions of S. 517.
Three approaches to economical photovoltaics: conformal Cu2S, organic luminescent films, and PbSe nanocrystal superlattices
keep shale ban until fracking alternative emerges. Business-farmers see threat from fracking. The New York Times,Agbroko. S.Africa imposes fracking moratorium in karoo.
Carbone, Ian Anthony
D. J. Thouless, The Quantum Mechanics of Many-Body Systems (1962). Ba~n, Quantum Statistical Mechanics (Benjamin, I. E.IN QUANTUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS Berkeley, California
Baym, Gordon
The Stars Aligned Over the Cornfields: Tobacco Industry Political Influence and Tobacco Policy Making in Iowa 1897-2009
Banning Smoking in Restaurants. October 2, 2000. http://11, 2000. 8B. Lewis, R. Restaurant, bar owners pitch banlimits smoking in restaurants, bars. Des Moines Register. (
Epps-Johnson, BA, Tiana; Barnes, JD, Richard; Glantz, PhD, Stanton
Tobacco Control in Florida 1999-2011: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly
a Program for the Florida Restaurant Associaiton. June 14,Philip Morris. Florida Restaurant Owners Mobilize againstBan Would Hurt Bar, Restaurant Industry. September 11, 1999.
Kennedy, Allison; Sullivan, Sarah; Hendlin, Yogi; Barnes, Richard L.; Glantz, Stanton A.
70 Years of Innovations
tests? Hydrodynamics simulations on PHERMEX. Mock nuclear explosions x x 1963 GAMMA-RAY BURSTS Designed and built to warn of banned nuclear tests, our Vela satellite...
The Rise Of Public Sector Unionism In Detroit, 1947-1967.
??In 1947, the Michigan Legislature passed into law the Hutchinson Act banning strikes of state and local workers. The law provided for the termination of� (more)
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on retail sales of energy-saving light bulbs. A total of 210sales ban from November 2009. From this date 2009, all light bulbs
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Achieving California�s Land Use and Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emission Targets Under AB 32: An Exploration of Potential Policy Processes and Mechanisms
vehicles banned, increases in bioethanol fuels in Brazil andU.S. : decreased tax on bioethanol fuel; E85 blends eligible
Shaheen, Susan A.; Bejamin-Chung, Jade; Allen, Denise; Howe-Steiger, Linda
Analysis of Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards for Residential General Service Lighting in Chile
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reprocessing or uranium enrichment facilities and the U.S.that both reprocessing and uranium enrichment may be a realreprocessing or uranium enrichment�. But a NEANFZ ban could
Young-Koo, Cha; Kang, Choi; JI, Guoxing; Mack, Andrew; Pregenzer, Arian L.; Dobrovolski, Vassili
Renewable Energy: Policy & Programs Clear All Filters 2013 Ly, Peter, George Ban-Weiss, Nathan Finch, Craig Wray, Mark de Ogburn, Woody Delp, Hashem Akbari, Scott Smaby,...
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NNSA approach to assisting the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) in completing the treaty's verification system. Several...
... banned in 1996 and strict import-export and recycling ... of minor products during the gas-phase reaction of ... a) halogen in product HFC gases which is ...
Car-Free Housing Developments: Toward Sustainable Smart Growth and Urban Regeneration Through Car-Free Zoning, Car-Free Redevelopment, Pedestrian Improvement Districts, and New Urbanism
ban revitalization mechanisms, such as car-free zoning, newur- banism, car-free redevelopment, and pedestriandesired to live in a car-free project. REIM AIRPORT - MUNICH
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platforms in the Gulf of Mexico and damaged 20 others, ... Offshore Leasing Ban Lifted in Areas of Gulf of Mexico and North Aleutian Basin
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of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) whichto eliminate explosive nuclear tests anywhere on the planetman-made sources include nuclear tests, supersonic aircraft,
Matoza, Robin S.
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the chapter. Underwater nuclear tests and ship-shock trials1963 all nuclear states signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty,testing nuclear weapons underwater. The Comprehensive Test
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in Vienna, Joseph MacManus, I toured the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Organization (CTBTO), an organization responsible for monitoring globally...
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the negotiation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty and took thebegun. The non- proliferation treaty (NPT) was negotiatedtest ban treaty, nuclear non-proliferation and the use of
Hoffman, Darleane C.
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(BWC), has been in force since 1975. The BWC is the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning an entire category of weapons. It effectively prohibits the development,...
615Vet. Res. 36 (2005) 615628 INRA, EDP Sciences, 2005
, and in November 2000 with the total ban of MBM and certain types of tallow for animal feed. Despite these control
Recanati, Catherine
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Aftab Ali, Sarah Irum, Firdous Kausar, Farrukh Aslam Khan
Fast and Accurate Simulation of Biomonitoring Applications on a Wireless Body Area Network
to calculate the energy consumption. 2) Simulator Accuracy: To compare the measured and simulated power usage that the BAN simulator can predict the energy usage of the application rather accurately. In addition (BAN) provide a convenient platform for health monitoring. A typical biomonitoring application running
Plotkin, Joshua B.
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Wood CR; J�rvi L; Kouznetsov RD; Nordbo A; Joffre S; Drebs A; Vihma T; Hirsikko A; Suomi I; Fortelius C; O'Connor E; Moiseev D; Haapanala S; Moilanen J; Kangas M; Karppinen A; Vesala T; Kukkonen J
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Identify the Problem: Reduce Waste By Banning Plastic Bag Use Define Goal: Is the ban the most The 2008 EPA report asserts that while paper waste has remained relatively constant at approximately 31%, plastic waste has been rising from 0.4% in 1960 to the present value at 12%a. San Francisco sets the goal
Iglesia, Enrique
Lessons LearnedSolutions for Workplace Safety and Health David Kriebel, Molly M. Jacobs, Pia Markkanen, Joel Tickner
experts believe that oSHa's rulemaking and enforcement activities are effectively living up to the goals- ever, he surprised Task Force members by encour- aging them to pursue the ban more actively. Con- sequently, the Task Force switched gears and actively sought the ban. Despite numerous obsta- cles
Massachusetts at Lowell, University of
4 nature physics | VOL 3 | JANUARY 2007 | www.nature.com/naturephysics Seismic signature
@LDEO.columbia.edu T he Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions, whether made detonation was the first nuclear test since the CTBT Organization -- headquartered in Vienna (Austria provided excellent seismic data following the test in October 2006. The nuclear explosion in North Korea
Loss, Daniel
Proliferation of small arms and challenges to post-conflict
, Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet, and Jonathan Unger 21. The Politics of Nuclear Non-Proliferation, editedWorking Paper 2010/1 The time has come for a treaty to ban weapons in space PETER VAN NESS Canberra come for a treaty to ban weapons in space [electronic resource] / Peter Van Ness. ISBN: 9780731531622
Richner, Heinz
Syllabus_IOs_IR_444_Fall_2011.doc D. L. Tehindrazanarivelo Page 1 of 4 BOSTON UNIVERSITY GENEVA PROGRAM
as nuclear weapons states by the 45Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968. Listing them in the 46order in which into effect in 1963 25 between the USA, the USSR, and the UK. Known as the 26 Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT both these countries came to abide by its terms. 31 The concept of a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 32
Guenther, Frank
GRASPING "THE INFLUENCE OF LAW ON SEA POWER" Commander James Kraska, JAGC, U.S. Navy
Acton, Scott
An Overview of the Urban Boundary Layer Atmosphere Network in Helsinki
The Helsinki Urban Boundary-Layer Atmosphere Network (UrBAN: http://urban.fmi.fi) is a dedicated research-grade observational network where the physical processes in the atmosphere above the city are studied. Helsinki UrBAN is the most poleward intensive ...
C. R. Wood; L. J�rvi; R. D. Kouznetsov; A. Nordbo; S. Joffre; A. Drebs; T. Vihma; A. Hirsikko; I. Suomi; C. Fortelius; E. O'Connor; D. Moiseev; S. Haapanala; J. Moilanen; M. Kangas; A. Karppinen; T. Vesala; J. Kukkonen
HOSTED BY: · PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY'S CENTER FOR GLOBAL SECURITY · THE NUCLEAR the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Wednesday, December 14, 2011 10 a.m. 11:30 a.m. in the Battelle Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) Preparatory Commission in Vienna, Austria Dr. Gaya
Microsoft Word - BingQuestionOne1004.doc
Supply Impacts of an MTBE Ban Supply Impacts of an MTBE Ban September 2002 ii Energy Information Administration/Supply Impacts of An MTBE Ban Contacts This report was prepared by the Office of Oil and Gas of the Energy Information Administration. General questions concerning the report may be directed to Mary J. Hutzler (202/586-2222, email@example.com), Director, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, or Joanne Shore (202/586-4677, email@example.com), Team Leader, Petroleum Division. 1 Energy Information Administration/Supply Impacts of An MTBE Ban Supply Impacts of an MTBE Ban On June 17, 2002, Senator Jeff Bingaman, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, requested (Appendix A) that the Energy Information Administration (EIA) provide analysis of eight factors related to the Senate-passed fuels
Food Policy and Poverty in Indonesia: A General Equilibrium Analysis�, Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 49(3
Indonesia is the world�s largest importer of its staple food, rice. Since the economic crisis of 1998, rice import policy has become increasingly protectionist and since early 2004, imports have been banned. This paper uses a general equilibrium model of the Indonesian economy to analyze the effects of an import ban on rice, including its effects on poverty. The analysis recognizes 1,000 individual households. The results indicate that the rice import ban raises poverty incidence by a little less than one per cent of the population. Poverty rises in both rural and urban areas. Among farmers, only the richest gain.
Peter Warr; Sulton Mawardi; Agus Priyambada
8 results: 8 results: BibTex RIS RTF XML Sort by: Author Title Type [ Year (Desc) ] Filters: Author is George Ban-Weiss [Clear All Filters] 2013 Ly, Peter, George Ban-Weiss, Nathan Finch, Craig Wray, Mark de Ogburn, William W. Delp, Hashem Akbari, Scott Smaby, Ronnen Levinson, and Bret Gean. Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofs for sustainability and energy efficiency. Naval Facilities Engineering Command - Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center, 2013. Ban-Weiss, George, Craig P. Wray, William W. Delp, Peter Ly, Hashem Akbari, and Ronnen M. Levinson. "Electricity production and cooling energy savings from installation of a building-integrated photovoltaic roof on an office building." Energy and Buildings 56 (2013): 210-220. 2011 Sleiman, Mohamad, George Ban-Weiss, Haley E. Gilbert, David François, Paul
Evaluating electronic waste recycling systems : the influence of physical architecture on system performance
Many different forms of electronic waste recycling systems now exist worldwide, and the amount of related legislation continues to increase. Numerous approaches have been proposed including landfill bans, extended producer ...
Fredholm, Susan (Susan A.)
Architecture for ultra-low power multi-channel transmitters for Body Area Networks using RF resonators
Body Area Networks (BANs) are gaining prominence for their use in medical and sports monitoring. This thesis develops the specifications of a ultra-low power 2.4GHz transmitter for use in a Body Area Networks, taking ...
Paidimarri, Arun
R. S. Driof, Process Demlopnant Dranch, Production Division
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
S. Driof, Process Demlopnant Dranch, Production Division 7 i 7; I; " k>JSTI'IC AT TIE CifiICAL CCNSTXICTIOS COXi'O+TIO:? PIX)T PIGIT-JUL'I 31, 19% Chemico ban fouzd tw...
An offline foundation for online accountable pseudonyms
Online anonymity often appears to undermine accountability, offering little incentive for civil behavior, but accountability failures usually result not from anonymity itself but from the disposability of virtual identities. A user banned ...
Bryan Ford; Jacob Strauss
Cultured men, uncultured women : an exploration of the gendered hierarchy of taste governing Afghan radio
After years of strict bans on the media, local radio in post-Taliban Afghanistan is undergoing an intense period of reconstruction. This thesis uses a multi-sited ethnographic investigation to examine local Afghan radio's ...
Kamal, Sarah
Pretend Play of Young Children in North Tehran: A Descriptive Cultural Study of Children's Play and Maternal Values
Hafezi, P. (2010, April 28). Iran's housing prices createBBC Bews. (28 April 2008). Iran calls for ban on Barbieplay functions. Albany, NY: SUNY. Iran's brain drain. (2010,
Shahidi, Behnaz
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
Defense District 5 (PADD 5) refineries can handle the oil's relatively high specific gravity and sulfur content, and 3) because until 1995, a ban on exports limited its use in...
Assessing the Exposure and Health Risks of Secondhand Smoke in Restaurants and Bars by Workers and Patrons & Evaluating the Efficacy of Different Smoking Policies in Beijing Restaurants and Bars
Ban in Minnesota Bars and Restaurants." American Journal ofof second-hand smoke in restaurants and bars in five citiesof second-hand smoke in restaurants and bars in five cities
Liu, Ruiling
Chipping Away at Tobacco Traditions in Tobacco Country: Tobacco Industry Political Influence and Tobacco Policy Making in North Carolina 1969-2011
1,� 190. � Rawlins�W. �Restaurants�sue�board�over�smoking�444. � North�Carolina�Restaurant�and�Lodging�Association. ��Like�Ban�More�Local�Restaurants�Switching. � Winston?Salem�
Washington, Michelle; Barnes, Richard L; Glantz, Stanton
Tobacco industry litigation to deter local public health ordinances: the industry usually loses in court
9:334�8. 13 Glantz SA. Smoke-free restaurant ordinances donot affect restaurant business. Period. J Public Health12:13�20. 15 Sargent B. Restaurant group may sue city if ban
Nixon, M L; Mahmoud, L; Glantz, Stanton A. Ph.D.
In This Issue: Nuclear Non-proliferation pp. 1-9 Feature:students in non- proliferation issues and initiatives (p.Test Ban and Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaties (p. 8); and
Building Environment 68 (2013): 170-178. Ly, Peter, George Ban-Weiss, Nathan Finch, Craig Wray, Mark de Ogburn, William W. Delp, Hashem Akbari, Scott Smaby, Ronnen Levinson,...
Tobacco Industry Attempts to Subvert European Union Tobacco Advertising Legislation
60. Oxbury D. BAT Industries. April 13,1988. Philip Morris.S, Fox B, Glantz S. Tobacco industry allegations of "illegalAdvertising Ban. Tobacco Industry Litigation Reporter 1998;
Bitton, Asaf; Neuman, Mark D.; Glantz, Stanton A. Ph.D.
Microsoft Word - O470XAChg1merge.doc
attention of management for approval. 6. REFERENCES. NSO M 450.X2-1, UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING, TEST READINESS, AND THRESHOLD TEST BAN TREATY VERIFICATION, dated 5-30-07. 7....
Energy Usage Clear All Filters 2013 Ly, Peter, George Ban-Weiss, Nathan Finch, Craig Wray, Mark de Ogburn, Woody Delp, Hashem Akbari, Scott Smaby, Ronnen Levinson, and Bret Gean....
Building integrated photovoltaic BIPV roofs for sustainability and energy efficiency A1 Peter Ly A1 George Ban Weiss A1 Finch Nathan A1 Wray Craig A1 de Ogburn Mark A1 Delp Woody...
Clean Cities: Natural Gas Vehicle Technology Forum Technical...
to the published presentations, Joe Darling of NYSDOT commented on the status of LNG in New York, where use of LNG for vehicles is currently banned. An LNG Steering...
The Chlorine Debate: A Selected Bibliography
p. 1. Tyson, R. 1994. Chlorine ban is urged for USA, Canada.Sec. A, p. 1. USA Today. Chlorine targeted for cutback. 2A, p. 1. VIDEOS Planet Chlorine. 1993. Washington, D.C. :
Lewis, Deanna L.; Chepesiuk, Ron
Law as Treaties?: The Constitutionality of Congressional-Executive Agreements
of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of485. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere,Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 21 U.S.T. 483, T.I.A.S.
Yoo, John C.
Newsletter Fall 1994
The Future of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy Edited by David P.attempts to control nuclear weapons (made immediately aftera comprehensive ban o n nuclear weapons testing. I cannot be
PNNL offers 'virtual tour' of Shallow Underground Laboratory...
for the Comprehensive-Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty to basic science research such as the search for dark matter in the universe or neutrinoless double-beta decay. The virtual tour...
Environmental Challenges of Climate-Nuclear Fusion: A Case Study of India
regulatory bans on nuclear reactors or adopted policyin Deal to Build Nuclear Reactors for India, THE GUARDIAN,world/2010/mar/12/russia-india-nuclear-reactor-deal/print (
Badrinarayan, Deepa
Microsoft Word - Korea Business Case with Appendix Final fixed...
for vehicles, a ban on sales of incandescent lights, and the promotion of light emitting diode (LED) lamps (UNEP 2010). Overall, this set of measures for the development and...
Cross-functional environmental initiatives : addressing Restriction of Hazardous Substance (RoHS) technical challenges at Sun Microsystems
The European Union (EU) passed the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive, effective January 2006, banning the sale of electronics equipment containing lead and five other hazardous substances into EU countries. ...
Greenlaw, Tamara
Advancing the use of radiocarbon in studies of global and regional carbon cycling with high precision measurements of �?C in CO? from the Scripps CO? Program
of radiocarbon from nuclear tests. o Nature, 206(4988),weapons tests. After the nuclear test ban treaty in 1963, ?years ago. As the nuclear weapons tests of the 1950s and 60s
Graven, Heather Dawn
Atomic Dream
We�needed�to�do�a�nuclear�tests� DYSON,�[on�cam]�ourselves�KENNEDY,�[on�cam]�of�nuclear�tests�of�all�kinds�in�every�on�a�treaty�to�ban�all�nuclear�tests�in�the�atmosphere,�in�
Lartaud, Derek Regnault
The Ghost of the Bomb : the Bravo Medical Program, scientific uncertainty, and the legacy of U.S. Cold War science, 1954-2005
Exposure form Pacific Nuclear Test. 24 February 1994.A. Blowing on the Wind: The Nuclear Test Ban Debate, 1954 �Islanders Returning to Nuclear Test Atoll After an Exile of
Harkewicz, Laura J.
Opportunistic packet scheduling in body area networks
Significant research efforts are being devoted to Body Area Networks (BAN) due to their potential for revolutionizing healthcare practices. Energy-efficiency and communication reliability are critically important for these networks. In an experimental ...
K. Shashi Prabh; Jan-Hinrich Hauer
Regulating the Regulators: The Increased Role for the Federal Judiciary in Monitoring the Debate over Genetically Modified Crops
Links Europe's Ban on Bio-Crops With Hunger, N.Y. TIMES, MayRichmond, Genetically Modified Crops in the Philippines: Canw]hat Monsanto [a GM crop producer] wished for from
Denton, Blake
Contacts for the Assistant General Counsel for International...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
202-586-6980 JoAnn Williams 202-586-6899 Elliot Oxman 202-586-1755 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT); International Atomic Energy...
The Strategic Defense Initiative: A Critique and Primer
Administration. N P T Non-Proliferation Treaty. A treatycompliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty, among otherBan Treaty and the Non-Proliferation Treaty both call for a
Jungerman, John A
Livermore scientist, engineers train to be inspectors for test...
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). Training has been held in Austria, Jordan, South Korea and Hungary. Of the five U.S. surrogate inspectors selected for the...
Robert Harley
Anthony W., Thomas W. Kirchstetter, Anna G. Hallar, George Ban-Weiss, John P. McLaughlin, Robert A. Harley, and Melissa M. Lunden. "Optical and Physical Properties from...
Optical and Physical Properties from Primary On-Road Vehicle...
Anthony W., Thomas W. Kirchstetter, Anna G. Hallar, George Ban-Weiss, John P. McLaughlin, Robert A. Harley, and Melissa M. Lunden Secondary Title Journal of Aerosol Science...
Melissa Lunden
Full Issue
regulating commercial gun sales, banning guns in schools andso we regulate commercial gun sales. We do not want guns inthe commercial sales of firearms as such. Licensing of gun
UCLA, Law School
Heller�s Catch-22
Winkler, Adam
combined heat and power and coke ovens, and waste managementto ban the use of small-scale coke-producing facilities forcasting, Scrap preheating, Dry coke quenching Inert anodes,
Bernstein, Lenny
Impact of Limitations on Access to Oil and Natural Gas Resources in the Federal Outer Continental Shelf (released in AEO2009)
The U.S. offshore is estimated to contain substantial resources of both crude oil and natural gas, but until recently some of the areas of the lower 48 OCS have been under leasing moratoria. The Presidential ban on offshore drilling in portions of the lower 48 OCS was lifted in July 2008, and the Congressional ban was allowed to expire in September 2008, removing regulatory obstacles to development of the Atlantic and Pacific OCS.
Low Dose Radiation Research Program: Adaptive Response of Mouse Skin
Adaptive Response of Mouse Skin Epithelial Cells to Low Dose Adaptive Response of Mouse Skin Epithelial Cells to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation: Induction of NF-κB, MnSOD, 14-3-3ζ and Cyclin B1 Authors: Jian Jian Li, Kazi M. Ahmed, Ming Fan, Shaozhong Dong, Douglas R. Spitz, and Cheng-Rong Yu Institutions: Division of Molecular Radiobiology, Purdue University School of Health Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Gene expression profiles demonstrate that a group of key stress-responsive genes are associated with radiation exposure and may contribute to cellular
Características do Clima Amazônico: Aspectos Principais Carlos A. Nobre, Guillermo O. Obregón e José A. Marengo
49 a 162. 49 a 162. Características do Clima Amazônico: Aspectos Principais Carlos A. Nobre, Guillermo O. Obregón e José A. Marengo Centro de Ciências do Sistema Terrestre, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, Brasil Rong Fu Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas em Austin Austin, Texas, EUA. German Poveda Escuela de Geociencias Y Medio Ambiente, Universidade Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colômbia Este capítulo apresenta um resumo do conhecimento atual sobre as características climatológicas da Amazônia. Incertezas significativas permanecem quanto ao entendimento da dinâmica complexa do clima e variabilidade climática na região, as quais se devem, em parte, à falta de dados observacionais. A forte sazonalidade da precipitação e a transição relativamente
1988 Wet deposition temporal and spatial patterns in North America
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The focus of this report is on North American wet deposition temporal patterns from 1979 to 1988 and spatial patterns for 1988. It is the third in a series of reports that investigate the patterns of annual precipitation-weighted average concentration and annual deposition for nine ion species: hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Mosaic maps, based on surface estimation using kriging, display concentration and deposition spatial patterns of pH, hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and calcium ion species for 1988 annual, winter, and summer periods. Temporal pattern analyses use a subset of 35 sites over a 10-year (1979--1988) period and an expanded subset of 137 sites, with greater spatial coverage, over a 7-year (1982--1988) period. The 10-year period represents the longest period with wet deposition monitoring data available that has a sufficient number of sites with data of known quality to allow a descriptive summary of annual temporal patterns. Sen`s median trend estimate and Kendall`s seasonal tau (KST) test are calculated for each ion species concentration and deposition at each site in both subsets.
Simpson, J.C.; Olsen, A.R.; Bittner, E.A.
The focus of this report is on North American wet deposition temporal patterns from 1979 to 1988 and spatial patterns for 1988. It is the third in a series of reports that investigate the patterns of annual precipitation-weighted average concentration and annual deposition for nine ion species: hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Mosaic maps, based on surface estimation using kriging, display concentration and deposition spatial patterns of pH, hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and calcium ion species for 1988 annual, winter, and summer periods. Temporal pattern analyses use a subset of 35 sites over a 10-year (1979--1988) period and an expanded subset of 137 sites, with greater spatial coverage, over a 7-year (1982--1988) period. The 10-year period represents the longest period with wet deposition monitoring data available that has a sufficient number of sites with data of known quality to allow a descriptive summary of annual temporal patterns. Sen's median trend estimate and Kendall's seasonal tau (KST) test are calculated for each ion species concentration and deposition at each site in both subsets.
Material Optimization for Heterostructure Integrated Thermionic Coolers
The material figure-of-merit for conventional thermoelectrics is p meff ' '43 where p is the electron or hole mobility, meff its effective mass, and p the material thermal conductivity. From the electronic point of view, in order to optimize the cooler performance, there is a trade off between electron effective mass and its mobility. While high mobility is inherently important to facilitate electron transport in the material and reduce the Joule heating, a large effective mass is only required due to the syrnnzetry of electronic density-of-states with respect to the Fermi energy in an energy range on the order of thermal energy (ks*T) near the Fermi level. It is possible to increase this asymmetry by using doping densities so that the Fermi level is close to the bandedge. In this case there is a small number of electrons participating in the conduction and the net transport of heat is small. We clarify how this trade off is alleviated in high barrier thermionic coolers. Prospects for different material systems to realize bulk and superlattice thermionic coolers are also discussed.
Ali Shakouri; Chris Labounty
U.N. Secretary General tells NREL Clean Energy a Top Priority | OpenEI
U.N. Secretary General tells NREL Clean Energy a Top Priority U.N. Secretary General tells NREL Clean Energy a Top Priority Home > Groups > OpenEI Community Central Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(1992) Super contributor 31 August, 2011 - 14:01 imported OpenEI National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Golden, ... In a recent visit to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, the United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon affirmed that the growing clean energy to reach billions of people across the globe is the top priority. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon told researchers at NREL's Research Support Facility that NREL is playing a crucial role, through numerous U.N. partnerships, in making the world more sustainable. Ban believes that there is still much more growth needed to create a clean energy economy that will
Edward J. Balistreri Curriculum Vitae October 2012
the U.S. Dollar Depreciation Effect on Oil Prices,' Journal of Energy and Development 33(1), 49 55., Ayed Al-Qahtani, and Carol A. Dahl (2010) `Oil and petroleum product Armington elasticities: A new M. Worley (2009) `Mercury: the good, the bad, and the export ban,' Resources Policy 34(4), 195 204
Rhythmic perception and entrainment in 5-year-old children
numb pull come mud peel dark nap cool 3 cut beak chip neck nut pool lot palm tell park cod dip chill dad bean curl pork loop 4 turn pen bill dart mood lunch chart bed lid teach duck barn tick chop led ban pet...
Verney, John Parker
Kheshbn No. 1 - January 1946 - Journal
Dan na 1914 p� �Diana pa "�nba�p ? at ban *anp b? yn ptny papa . *y .0 .a p'P .anp b? yn n p n .panya DV�yaa^a bo ,p? byat�> ,p$w* bny? pny na anp nyn ni n? an IPPB- yona ta ,?
FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY Heat Engineering Laboratory
decree (440/2003) took effect, banning the use of CCA treated wood in several areas such as residential-wood in electric poles, bridges and other such targets was still allowed but became very restricted. Two years take over 50 years with an annual disposal rate of 130,000 m3 . However, the rate of disposal has
Zevenhoven, Ron
Infrared Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectrometer , A. V. Muravjovb
Spectroscopy (ICLAS) at Mid-IR (MIR, 3-5 µm wavelengths), Long-Wave IR (LWIR, 8-12 µm wavelengths of vapors that will be simple, low-power, man portable, and composed of all off-the-shelf components aerosols, drugs, and banned or invasive plants or animals. Also, biomedical breath analysis and non
Peale, Robert E.
GOVERNMENT HIGHLIGHTS A Publication of the Office of Governmental Relations
, Executive Director of the Nation~l ~Jater Resources As soci atton ; Jerry Svore, Regional Oirector 1972. R/\\HI SDr>1BS Senator Claiborne Pell, D-RI, introduced a treaty banning the use of weather modification as a defense weapon. Pell told the Senate that "Raf nmaktnq as a weapon of war may well lead
Sibille, Etienne
FOR EMERGENCY EVACUATION Henry X. Liu, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Xiaozheng He, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Jeff X. Ban, Institute, specific planning models have been developed for various evacuation scenarios, including nuclear plant
Ban, Xuegang "Jeff"
Indo-Bhutan Relations Recent Trends
occasions and significant issues. To name a few, these include the vote on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the establishment of Nuclear Weapons Free Zone in South Asia, India�s aspirations to be a permanent member of the UN Security Council...
Choden, Tashi
Putting the Genie Back in the Bottle: The Science of Nuclear Non-Proliferation
of Richmond, Virginia Outline: 1. Some Bits of History. 2. Nuclear Weapons 101. 3. The Comprehensive Test BanPutting the Genie Back in the Bottle: The Science of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Jerry Gilfoyle Physics Department, University of Richmond, Virginia Outline: 1. Some Bits of History. 2. Nuclear Weapons
Outline: 1. Some Bits of History. 2. Nuclear Weapons 101. 3. The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. 4. TestingPutting the Genie Back in the Bottle: The Science of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Jerry Gilfoyle Physics Department, University of Richmond, Virginia Outline: 1. Some Bits of History. 2. Nuclear Weapons
. Some Bits of History. 2. Nuclear Weapons 101. 3. The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. 4. Testing The TestPutting the Genie Back in the Bottle: The Science of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Jerry Gilfoyle Physics Department, University of Richmond, Virginia Outline: 1. Some Bits of History. 2. Nuclear Weapons
141A. Le Pichon et al. (eds.), Infrasound Monitoring for Atmospheric Studies, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9508-5, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010
tool during the early proliferation of nuclear weapon technologies after WWII when nuclear tests were, and nuclear testing generally went underground. Interest in infrasound as a moni- toring tool waned as interest in global seismology increased. In 1996, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) opened
Vernon, Frank
Framing robot arms control
The development of autonomous, robotic weaponry is progressing rapidly. Many observers agree that banning the initiation of lethal activity by autonomous weapons is a worthy goal. Some disagree with this goal, on the grounds that robots may equal and ... Keywords: Autonomous weapons, Machine ethics, Military robots, Moral machines, Operational morality, Robot arms control
Wendell Wallach; Colin Allen
WOSMIP II- Workshop on Signatures of Medical and Industrial Isotope Production
Medical and industrial fadioisotopes are fundamental tools used in science, medicine and industry with an ever expanding usage in medical practice where their availability is vital. Very sensitive environmental radionuclide monitoring networks have been developed for nuclear-security-related monitoring [particularly Comprehensive Test-Ban-Treaty (CTBT) compliance verification] and are now operational.
Matthews, Murray; Achim, Pascal; Auer, M.; Bell, Randy; Bowyer, Ted W.; Braekers, Damien; Bradley, Ed; Briyatmoko, Budi; Berglund, Helena; Camps, Johan; Carranza, Eduardo C.; Carty, Fitz; DeCaire, Richard; Deconninck, Benoit; DeGeer, Lars E.; Druce, Michael; Friese, Judah I.; Hague, Robert; Hoffman, Ian; Khrustalev, Kirill; Lucas, John C.; Mattassi, G.; Mattila, Aleski; Nava, Elisabetta; Nikkinin, Mika; Papastefanou, Constantin; Piefer, Gregory R.; Quintana, Eduardo; Ross, Ole; Rotty, Michel; Sabzian, Mohammad; Saey, Paul R.; Sameh, A. A.; Safari, M.; Schoppner, Michael; Siebert, Petra; Unger, Klaus K.; Vargas, Albert
www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk EPRGWORKINGPAPER
/11 Status after 9/11 CTBT Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Not supported by administration. No change. NPT Non-ProliferationPutting the Genie Back in the Bottle: Nuclear Non-Proliferation in the New Millennium G by an adversary could have a devastating influence on US security and non-proliferation. One of the highest
Kraft, Markus
Putting the Genie Back in the Bottle: Nuclear Non-Proliferation in the New
/11 CTBT Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Not supported by administration. No change. NPT Non-Proliferation influence on US security and non-proliferation. · One of the highest hurdles to obtaining a nuclear weapon Proliferation, Science and Global Security, 9, 81 (2001). #12;The Nuclear Tagging Scheme #12;Seize New
Los Alamos, NM 87545 505.663.5206 ph
First strike Sixty years ago, Albert Einstein
or military use. It is a major component of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) which has the goal acquisition of a nuclear weapon by an adversary could have a dev- astating influence on US security and non-proliferation. Enhancing nuclear weapons material security in Russia. 4. The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. 5. Other
Review Article RADIATION SHIELDING TECHNOLOGY
written in 1965. The decade of the 1970's The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 Test Ban Treaty of 1963 prevented the deployment of a nuclear rocket system and the program was ended for the non-hydrogen components. Because the hydrogen cross section increases with decreasing fast
Shultis, J. Kenneth
Bangalore, India NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Not supported by administration. No change. NPT Non-Proliferation Treaty See CTBT (more on this later). #12;The Non-Technical Challenges to Security Build alliances and treaties and deliver it? 5.0% increase 0.5% increase 0.05% increase Many non-weapons-grade nuclear materials
Udgaonkar, Jayant B.
Deutch, John
F. Calogero / Prospects of nuclear proliferation, or of transition to a nuclear-weapon-free world CIC, Cuernavaca / 02.12.2010 / page 1 / 28
Mejía-Monasterio, Carlos
Toolbox Safety Talk Asbestos Awareness
in a variety of building construction materials for insulation and as a fire-retardant. Because of its fiber, mostly in building materials, friction products, heat- resistant fabrics, packaging, gaskets, and coatings. Asbestos was largely banned in building materials by the late 1980's. When asbestos
Manning, Sturt
Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons Dr. K. Squibb
- cement kilns - iron ore sintering, steel production and scrap metal recovery #12;Polychlorinated banned in 1977 For use in: electrical capacitors and transformers (977 kg/transformer) heat exchangers: Very stable, chemically and thermally Resistant to acids and alkalis Excellent conductor of heat Low
Kane, Andrew S.
39 Recent highlights Introduction In New York on 24 September 1996 President
established nuclear powers and permanent members of the Security Council (p5) as well as Israel, the two was the first head of state to sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (ctbt) on behalf of the United nuclear test in July 1945, called Trinity, and the subsequent development and testing of nuclear weapons
Haak, Hein
The Proposed 1883 Holden Tornado Warning System
In the four years before the U.S. Army Signal Corps weather program banned the use of the word �tornado� in its forecasts starting in 1886, Sgt. John P. Finley headed up a program to document and study local storms, including tornadoes. Upon ...
Timothy A. Coleman; Kevin J. Pence
Exporting Alaskan North Slope crude oil: Benefits and costs
The Department of Energy study examines the effects of lifting the current prohibitions against the export of Alaskan North Slope (ANS) crude. The study concludes that permitting exports would benefit the US economy. First, lifting the ban would expand the markets in which ANS oil can be sold, thereby increasing its value. ANS oil producers, the States of California and Alaska, and some of their local governments all would benefit from increased revenues. Permitting exports also would generate new economic activity and employment in California and Alaska. The study concludes that these economic benefits would be achieved without increasing gasoline prices (either in California or in the nation as a whole). Lifting the export ban could have important implications for US maritime interests. The Merchant Marine Act of 1970 (known as the Jones Act) requires all inter-coastal shipments to be carried on vessels that are US-owned, US-crewed, and US-built. By limiting the shipment of ANS crude to US ports only, the export ban creates jobs for the seafarers and the builders of Jones Act vessels. Because the Jones Act does not apply to exports, however, lifting the ban without also changing US maritime law would jeopardize the jobs associated with the current fleet of Jones Act tankers. Therefore the report analyzes selected economic impacts of several maritime policy alternatives, including: Maintaining current law, which allows foreign tankers to carry oil where export is allowed; requiring exports of ANS crude to be carried on Jones Act vessels; and requiring exports of ANS crude to be carried on vessels that are US-owned and US-crewed, but not necessarily US-built. Under each of these options, lifting the export ban would generate economic benefits.
Oxidation of Mercury in Products of Coal Combustion
Heng Ban Heng Ban Principal Investigator University of Alabama at Birmingham 1150 10th Avenue South Birmingham, AL 35294-4461 205-934-0011 firstname.lastname@example.com Environmental and Water Resources OxidatiOn Of Mercury in PrOducts Of cOal cOMbustiOn Background The 2005 Clean Air Mercury Rule will require significant reductions in mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants. A variety of mercury reduction technologies are under commercial development, but an improved understanding of the fundamental chemical mechanisms that control the transformations and capture of mercury in boilers and pollution control devices is required to achieve necessary performance and cost reduction levels. Oxidized mercury is more easily captured by pollution control devices, such as Selective
44 results: 44 results: BibTex RIS RTF XML Sort by: Author Title Type [ Year (Desc) ] Filters: Author is Ronnen M. Levinson [Clear All Filters] 2013 Ban-Weiss, George, Craig P. Wray, William W. Delp, Peter Ly, Hashem Akbari, and Ronnen M. Levinson. "Electricity production and cooling energy savings from installation of a building-integrated photovoltaic roof on an office building." Energy and Buildings 56 (2013): 210-220. 2012 Levinson, Ronnen M.. The Case for Cool Roofs., 2012. 2011 Menon, Surabi, and Ronnen M. Levinson. Cool roofs and global cooling: a response to Jacobson & Ten Hoeve (2011)., 2011. Sleiman, Mohamad, George Ban-Weiss, Haley E. Gilbert, David François, Paul Berdahl, Thomas W. Kirchstetter, Hugo Destaillats, and Ronnen M. Levinson. "Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar
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Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Bahrami, Majid (Majid Bahrami) - School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University Ball, Michael O. (Michael O. Ball) - Center for Satellite and Hybrid Communication Networks & Decision and Information Technologies Department, University of Maryland at College Park Ban, Xuegang "Jeff" (Xuegang "Jeff" Ban) - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Barkan, Christopher P.L. (Christopher P.L. Barkan) - Railroad Engineering Program & Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Benoit, Anne (Anne Benoit) - Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme, Université Claude Bernard (Lyon I)
distribution is unlimited; September 2013. distribution is unlimited; September 2013. Other requests shall be referred to NAVFAC EXWC or ESTCP. TECHNICAL REPORT TR-NAVFAC-EXWC-PW-1303 SEPTEMBER 2013 BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ROOFS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY Peter Ly, NAVFAC EXWC George Ban-Weiss, LBNL Nathan Finch, NAVFAC EXWC Craig Wray, LBNL Mark de Ogburn, NAVFAC Atlantic Woody Delp, LBNL Hashem Akbari, LBNL Scott Smaby, NAVFAC EXWC Ronnen Levinson, LBNL Bret Gean, NAVFAC EXWC SEI Group, Inc. 1 BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (BIPV) ROOFS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY Energy and Water ESTCP Number: EW-200813 September 2013 Peter Ly, NAVFAC EXWC George Ban-Weiss, LBNL Nathan Finch, NAVFAC EXWC Craig Wray, LBNL Mark de Ogburn, NAVFAC Atlantic
Climate Vision: Presidential Statements
at United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon's at United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon's Climate Change Summit United Nations Headquarters New York, New York September 22, 2009 (Read the White House Press page.) PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you very much. Good morning. I want to thank the Secretary General for organizing this summit, and all the leaders who are participating. That so many of us are here today is a recognition that the threat from climate change is serious, it is urgent, and it is growing. Our generation's response to this challenge will be judged by history, for if we fail to meet it -- boldly, swiftly, and together -- we risk consigning future generations to an irreversible catastrophe. No nation, however large or small, wealthy or poor, can escape the impact of climate change. Rising sea levels threaten every coastline. More
Assessment of Summer RBOB Supply for NY & CT
Update of Summer Reformulated Gasoline Supply Update of Summer Reformulated Gasoline Supply Assessment for New York and Connecticut May 5, 2004 In October 2003, EIA published a review of the status of the methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) ban transition in New York (NY) and Connecticut (CT) 1 that noted significant uncertainties in gasoline supply for those States for the summer of 2004. To obtain updated information, EIA spoke to major suppliers to the two States over the past several months as the petroleum industry began the switch from winter- to summer-grade gasoline. As discussed on our earlier report, the NY and CT bans on MTBE mainly affect reformulated gasoline (RFG), which in recent years has been provided by domestic refineries on the East Coast (PADD 1) and imports. Our recent findings indicate that
Report of the Public Lands Committee
Perhaps the most notable event of 1992 was the passage of the long-awaited Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Act). As is described in this report, the Act in its final form is more notable for what it fails to address than for what it does address. The entire Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) chapter was eliminated by House and Senate conferees because of impasses over whether to pass a five-year ban on OCS drilling in certain areas and whether the government should buy back leases off the coasts of Alaska, Florida, and North Carolina. Also eliminated were programs for sharing federal OCS revenues with coastal governments, royalty relief for producers developing fields in more than 200 meters of water, and leasing bans on part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in northern Alaska. The Act does, however, give independent producers and estimated one billion dollars in tax breaks over the next five years as incentive to further domestic exploration.
Industry response to lead phase ''out''
The purpose of this paper is to characterize the industry response to lead phasedown (or, more aptly, lead ''phase out'') and pose implications of lead phasedown on the future of the refining industry. Over the 1976-1985 period, lead consumption has declined from about 170 to 18 billion grams. By 1987, lead consumption will decline further to 7 billion grams. Beyond 1988, lead usage will be contingent upon whether or not the EPA bans its usage in 1988. If lead is not banned by 1988, its usage will still decline to less than 3 billion grams. This dramatic decline in lead usage has created threats and opportunities for participants in the refining industry, the most important of which are discussed in this paper.
Rangnow, D.G.; Felten, J.R.
EIS-0312: Record of Decision for the 2008 Columbia Basin Fish Accord MOA with the Shoshone-Banock Tribes (11/06/08)
MOA WITH THE SHOSHONE-BANNOCK TRIBES November 6, 2008 i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1 2.0 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Litigation Leads to Collaborative Remand ....................................................... 2 2.2 Collaboration Leads to Negotiations ................................................................ 2 3.0 MUTUAL COMMITMENTS OF THE SHO-BAN MOA..................................... 4 3.1 Purpose and Principles..................................................................................... 4 3.2 Hydro Commitments.........................................................................................
Predicting the Potential Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Concentration in Electrical Equipment
Mineral oil-filled transformers and other electrical equipment manufactured before Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) were banned by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1978 sometimes contain low concentrations of PCBs. Owners of mineral oil-filled transformers whose PCB concentration is not established are permitted by the EPA to assume these units are PCB-contaminated (50-499 ppm) as long as they remain in use or are stored for reuse. Many owners would benefit from knowing the ...
Announced United States nuclear tests, July 1945--December 1990
This document lists chronologically and alphabetically by event name all nuclear tests conducted and announced by the United States from July 1945 to December 1990 with the exception of the GMX experiments. Discussion is included on test dates, test series, test yields, test locations, test types and purposes, test totals for Nevada Test Site (NTS) detection of radioactivity from NTS events, and categorization of NTS nuclear tests. Briefly discussed are agreements between the US and the Soviet Union regarding test banning. (MB)
Changes to PCB Congeners in Use
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used extensively in electrical equipment as dielectric and thermal insulating fluids from about 1929 until the mid-1970s when the U.S. government banned their use. PCBs were manufactured and sold as several commercial products called Aroclors, each having somewhat different physical, chemical, and toxicological properties. The properties of Aroclors are controlled by the distribution of the individual PCB compounds called congeners present in the commercial product. ...
KEK Preprint 2005-9 Belle Preprint 2005-16
. Kawai, 2 T. Kawasaki, 27 H. R. Khan, 44 A. Kibayashi, 44 H. Kichimi, 7 S. M. Kim, 37 K. Kinoshita, 4 S.-Z. Wang, 24 Y. Watanabe, 44 Q. L. Xie, 9 B. D. Yabsley, 48 A. Yamaguchi, 42 Y. Yamashita, 26 M. Yamauchi, 47 T. Aushev, 11 A. M. Bakich, 38 Y. Ban, 32 E. Barberio, 19 M. Barbero, 6 A. Bay, 16 U. Bitenc, 12 I
Quota and export rules cloud outlook for Russian industry
This paper reports on the Russian republic's strong assertion of control over its oil and gas production and exports which has further complicated the already muddied outlook for the world's No. 1 oil and gas producer. Decrees unveiled Nov. 15-16 by Russian President Boris Yeltsin that stripped the Soviet central government of much of its authority and accelerated economic reform included a ban on some exports of oil and tightening of controls on export deals.
Urea formaldehyde foam insulation: defusing a timebomb
With the onset of the energy crisis in the 1970's, thousands of homeowners insulated their homes with Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation (UFFI). The discovery that UFFI releases formaldehyde, a carcinogen and irritant, prompted various state and federal responses to this problem. This Note reviews those responses and concludes that a ban on the sale of UFFI, coupled with a removal and repurchase program, is the most effective solution from the standpoint of consumer health.
Fox, E.M.
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Electric lighting constitutes approximately 21-23 % of the electric grid load in the United States. The higher energy and maintenance costs of incandescent lamps, combined with the favorable economics of high-efficiency compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), are making CFLs the increasingly popular choice for both residential and commercial lighting. Utility incentive and rebate programs to stimulate CFL use and the beginnings of a ban on incandescent lamps are enhancing CFL penetration levels in these enviro...
Update of Summer Reformulated Gasoline Supply Assessment for New York and Connecticut
In October 2003, EIA published a review of the status of the methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) ban transition in New York (NY) and Connecticut (CT) that noted significant uncertainties in gasoline supply for those States for the summer of 2004. To obtain updated information, EIA spoke to major suppliers to the two States over the past several months as the petroleum industry began the switch from winter- to summer-grade gasoline.
Web Application Design Using Server-Side JavaScript
This document describes the application design philosophy for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Research & Development Web Site. This design incorporates object-oriented techniques to produce a flexible and maintainable system of applications that support the web site. These techniques will be discussed at length along with the issues they address. The overall structure of the applications and their relationships with one another will also be described. The current problems and future design changes will be discussed as well.
Hampton, J.; Simons, R.
International Politics of Bhutan
to ratify the Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Comprehensive Test Ban treaties, Bhutan has also not ratified them. Bhutan supported India�s nuclear test in 1998. Journal of Bhutan Studies 106 Conclusions In conclusion we could say that no single... characterized by its close and intimate relationship with India. It agreed to be advised by India in international affairs. A treaty to this effect was signed in 1949 (Rose 1977, 77), before the country abandoned its isolation, but took on importance only...
Galay, Karma
Ethanol Demand in United States Production of Oxygenate-limited Gasoline
Ethanol competes with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to satisfy oxygen, octane, and volume requirements of certain gasolines. However, MTBE has water quality problems that may create significant market opportunities for ethanol. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has used its Refinery Yield Model to estimate ethanol demand in gasolines with restricted use of MTBE. Reduction of the use of MTBE would increase the costs of gasoline production and possibly reduce the gasoline output of U.S. refineries. The potential gasoline supply problems of an MTBE ban could be mitigated by allowing a modest 3 vol percent MTBE in all gasoline. In the U.S. East and Gulf Coast gasoline producing regions, the 3 vol percent MTBE option results in costs that are 40 percent less than an MTBE ban. In the U.S. Midwest gasoline producing region, with already high use of ethanol, an MTBE ban has minimal effect on ethanol demand unless gasoline producers in other regions bid away the local supply of ethanol. The ethanol/MTBE issue gained momentum in March 2000 when the Clinton Administration announced that it would ask Congress to amend the Clean Air Act to provide the authority to significantly reduce or eliminate the use of MTBE; to ensure that air quality gains are not diminished as MTBE use is reduced; and to replace the existing oxygenate requirement in the Clean Air Act with a renewable fuel standard for all gasoline. Premises for the ORNL study are consistent with the Administration announcement, and the ethanol demand curve estimates of this study can be used to evaluate the impact of the Administration principles and related policy initiatives.
Hadder, G.R.
Interview of Owen Gingerich
of the bomb to Tinian to put it together before it was flown to Hiroshima; as a result he became one of the leading proponents to ban nuclear weapons; he had been to both Hiroshima and Nagasaki after the bombing; we were once in a Japanese restaurant... as supervisor; there were thirty-two of us; I got a merchant marine card as a cattleman although I had not had any farm experience; we went to Poland with some eight hundred horses in 1946, on a reconditioned liberty ship with the horses in stalls on the upper...
Gingerich, Owen
Nuclear-fuel-cycle policy and the future of nuclear power. Oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Seventh Congress, First Session, October 23, 1981
Edward Teller, Ralph Nader, and a panel from Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner, and Smith were among the 12 witnesses at this hearing on the Reagan administration's decision to eliminate the ban on plutonium reprocessing and its effect on the nuclear industry's future. Subcommittee Chairman Edward J. Markey asked for comments on safety question, recent plant cancellations, contributions that nuclear power can make in relieving oil dependence in the transportation sector, proliferation, and the inconsistency of subsidizing nuclear while imposing a free-market philosophy on solar, coal, and conservation. The testimony if followed by an appendix of additional material submitted for the record. (DCK)
With the upcoming ban on the production of R-22 in 2010, residential air-conditioning equipment will need to be redesigned with a more environmentally benign working fluid. R-410a is a strong candidate for replacing R-22. A model of an air-conditioning system with a focus on the finned-tube condenser design details using R-410a as the working fluid is developed. An optimization algorithm is implemented to find the optimal condenser design with various constraints for an efficiency figure of merit. The software developed is appropriate for engineering design use in the air-conditioning industry.
Susan W. Stewart; Kristinn A. Aspelund; Monifa F. Wright; Emma M. Sadler; Sam V. Shelton, Ph.D.
Interview with Wendy James
that is sitting over another world of creativity that is their own; the dancing is part of the non-Christian world; it was explicitly banned by the old missionaries; even now it is seen as the immoral behaviour of youth 31:49:19 In 'The Listening Ebony' I tried... essays 43:42:23 On Evans-Pritchard�s manuscripts, there is no light; Godfrey, as literary executor, swore that there was nothing in the way of academic or personal papers that came to him; various papers were physically left in the Institute, mainly...
James, Wendy
Newsfront 8-14 October 2007, Issue 37
Kathmandu l 8-14 Oct, 2007 l # 37 l Price Rs. 25 www.newsfront.com.np � nf correspondent The downslide is complete. From a national hero to South Asia's legend, GP Koirala is now counting his days since the prime minister is now looking for a... ' that parliament should declare Nepal a republic when it meets next week. UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, the United States of America, European Union and the Carter Center have expressed their disappointment over the postpone- ment of the polls, and asked key...
Ghimire, Yubaraj
Extending WS-Security to Implement Security Protocols for Web Services
Web services use tokens provided by the WS-Security standard to implement security protocols. We propose several extensions to the WS-Security standard, including name types, key and random number extensions. The extensions are used to implement existing protocols such as ISO9798, Kerberos or BAN-Lowe. The advantages of using these implementations rather than the existing, binary ones, are inherited from the advantages of using Web service technologies, such as extensibility and end-to-end security across multiple environments that do not support a connection-based communication.
Bela, Genge
NETL: Water-Energy Interface - Power Plant Water Management
Environmentally-Safe Control of Zebra Mussel Fouling - Environmentally-Safe Control of Zebra Mussel Fouling - New York State Education Department Coal-fired power plants within North America need an effective, economical, and non-polluting technique for managing infestations of zebra mussels within their facilities, particularly in cooling water intake systems. Unfortunately, due to a lack of options, many facilities have relied on the use of broad-spectrum, chemical biocides for control of these freshwater, macro-fouling mussels. Biocide treatments, such as continuous chlorination for three weeks, are widely regarded as environmentally unacceptable. Chlorine, for example, can combine with organic compounds in water resulting in the formation of trihalomethanes, dioxins, and other potentially carcinogenic substances. Because of this, there is growing concern within the power generation industry that such broad-spectrum biocides will be banned by individual states and/or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This would result in a crisis situation for the electric utility industry. Even if such an outright ban does not occur, the reduction in the use of such biocides is generally viewed by coal-fired and other power generating industries as environmentally prudent and desirable.
Large mining blasts from the Kursk Mining Region, Russia
Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) by seismic means will require identification of seismic sources at magnitude levels where industrial explosions (primarily, mining blasts) may comprise a significant fraction of the total number of events recorded, and may for some countries dominate the seismicity. Thus, data on blasting practice have both political significance for the negotiation of treaties involving seismic monitoring of nuclear tests, and operational applications in terms of establishing monitoring and inspection needs on a mine-by-mine basis. While it is generally accepted that mining explosions contribute to seismicity at lower seismic magnitudes (less than about magnitude 3.5), the rate of mining seismicity as a function of seismic magnitude is unknown for most countries outside the U.S. This results in a large uncertainty when estimating the task of discriminating nuclear explosions from chemical explosions and earthquakes, by seismic means, under a comprehensive nuclear test ban. This uncertainty directly affects estimates of seismic network enhancements required to achieve treaty verification requirements at magnitudes less than about 3.5. 24 refs., 64 figs., 11 tabs.
Leith, W. Adushkin, V.; Spivak, A.
Stratospheric ozone protection: The Montreal Protocol and Title VI of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
The stratospheric ozone layer protects the surface of the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation, which has been causally linked to skin cancer and cataracts, suppression of the human immune system, damage to crops and aquatic organisms, the formation of ground-level zone and the rapid weathering of outdoor plastics. In recent years, scientists have observed a significant deterioration of the ozone layer, particularly over the poles, but increasingly over populated regions as well. This deterioration has been attributed to the atmospheric release of certain man-made halocarbons, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Once used extensively as propellants for aerosol sprays (but generally banned for such purposes since 1978), CFCs are widely used today as refrigerants, foams and solvents. All of these chlorinated (CFC, methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride) and brominated (halon) compounds are classified for regulatory purposes as Class I substances because of their significant ozone-depleting potential. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), developed as alternatives to CFCs and halons for many different applications, have been classified for regulatory purposes as Class II substances because of their relatively less destructive impact on stratospheric ozone. This paper describes the following regulations to reduce destruction of the ozone layer: the Montreal Protocol; Title VI of the Clean air Act Amendments of 1990; Accelerated Phase-out schedules developed by the countries which signed the Montreal Protocol; Use restrictions; Recycling and Emission reduction requirements; Servicing of motor vehicle air conditions; ban on nonessential products; labeling requirements; safe alternatives. 6 refs.
Babst, C.R. III
Offshore oil: Correctness of perspective
Except for the Gulf of Mexico, the offshore oil industry has been virtually banned from the US Exclusive Economic Zone for ten years. The oil potential in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is also off limits. The Gulf of Mexico is the only place with prospects for future success and a number of companies both large and small are determined to move forward. The depressed price of oil does not encourage development but recently gas prices in the US have increased, making offshore gas development more feasible. Perhaps most significant is development and application of new technology and more intense management to make sure it works. The offshore oil companies and support industries have made significant technological advances, expending over and above the dollars paid in taxes, lease fees, and royalties. The ocean industries harbor a great reservoir of high technology knowledge. They have demonstrated the ability to successfully meet a vast array of challenges in exploring for, drilling, and producing oil and gas in extreme conditions. These facts beg the question as to the rational basis of each and every regulation and the ban on drilling.
Burns, R.F.
Regulations Related to the Outer Continental Shelf Moratoria and Implications of Not Renewing the Moratoria (released in AEO2009)
From 1982 through 2008, Congress annually enacted appropriations riders prohibiting the Minerals Management Service (MMS) of the U.S. Department of the Interior from conducting activities related to leasing, exploration, and production of oil and natural gas on much of the Federal OCS. Further, a separate executive ban (originally put in place in 1990 by President George H.W. Bush and later extended by President William J. Clinton through 2012) also prohibited leasing on the OCS, with the exception of the Western Gulf of Mexico, portions of the Central and Eastern Gulf of Mexico, and Alaska. In combination, those actions prohibited drilling along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and in portions of the central Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-432) imposed yet a third ban on drilling through 2022 on tracts in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico that are within 125 miles of Florida, east of a dividing line known as the Military Mission Line, and in the Central Gulf of Mexico within 100 miles of Florida.
PCBs may spell trouble for utility DSM
Utilities that promote lighting retrofit programs as part of a demand-side management (DSM) program any run into trouble disposing of lighting system ballasts. That's because ballast made before 1979 used polychlorinated biphenyls-better know as PCBs-as dielectric fluids in their capacitors. Because PCBs were found to be toxic, federal regulations banned their use in manufacturing after 1979. With the typical life of a lighting system ballast ranging between 10 to 25 years, many PCB-containing ballasts are ready for replacement. What's more, the growth of electric utility DSM programs over the past decade has accelerated the replacement of ballasts containing PCBs. The result is that large quantities of such ballasts are being discarded at a rate greater than if disposal were the result of ballast burnout of failure alone. Federal regulations banning PCB production also require the cleanup and disposal of existing PCB materials. The process of removing existing low-efficiency ballasts as part of DSM program is complicated by a variety of special handling, labeling, transportation, and disposal requirements and options. Of course, these complications and their associated costs affect the economics of DSM lighting retrofit programs.
Manwell, S.; Epstein, G.
Three Essays on International Agricultural Trade
There are many factors that affect international agricultural trade. One of them is international transportation costs. Another important factor is non-tariff barriers such as sanitary and phytosanitary regulations caused by animal disease outbreaks. The main purpose of this dissertation was to analyze how these factors interfere in the international agricultural trade by examining three cases. In Chapter II, a spatial price equilibrium model of the international cotton sector was utilized to evaluate the effects of the Panama Canal expansion (PCE) on the world cotton industry. Three scenarios were evaluated by reducing ocean freight rates from U.S. Gulf and Atlantic ports to Asian destinations. All scenarios suggested that cotton exports from U.S. Gulf and Atlantic ports would considerably increase. On the other hand, the West Coast ports decreased its participation in total U.S. cotton exports. Overall, total U.S. cotton exports were expected to increase due to the PCE. By using the same model which was used in Chapter II, the third chapter analyzes port improvements in Brazil. By March of 2012, the port of Salvador is expected to have undergone relevant improvements. As a result, the port of Salvador is expected to attract ocean shipping companies which are willing to export directly to Asian importing markets. Scenarios with different reductions in cotton export cost for this port were examined. In general, results indicated a shift in Brazil cotton export flows from the port of Santos to the port of Salvador as well as an increase in exports and producer revenues for the country. Finally, in Chapter IV, the impacts of the 2005 FMD outbreak on the Brazilian meat market was examined. The imposition of an import ban by Russia on Brazilian meat exports was also investigated. By using time series methods, it was found that the outbreak along with the import ban caused a temporary negative price shock to the Brazilian meat market. Export pork and export chicken prices were found to not fully recover after the removal of the import ban by Russia. On the other hand, the export beef price was indicated to undergo a complete recovery.
Costa, Rafael
32 results: 32 results: BibTex RIS RTF XML Sort by: Author Title Type [ Year (Desc) ] Filters: Author is Paul Berdahl [Clear All Filters] 2011 Sleiman, Mohamad, George Ban-Weiss, Haley E. Gilbert, David François, Paul Berdahl, Thomas W. Kirchstetter, Hugo Destaillats, and Ronnen M. Levinson. "Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar reflectance-Part I: Analysis of roofing product databases." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 (2011): 3385-3399. 2010 Levinson, Ronnen M., Hashem Akbari, Paul Berdahl, Kurt Wood, Wayne Skilton, and Jerry Petersheim. "A novel technique for the production of cool colored concrete tile and asphalt shingle roofing products." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94, no. 6 (2010): 946-954. Levinson, Ronnen M., Hashem Akbari, and Paul Berdahl. "Measuring solar
golden anniversary for space-based golden anniversary for space-based treaty verification October 22, 2013 Los Alamos celebrates 50-year anniversary of launch of first pair of 'Watchmen' LOS ALAMOS, N.M., Oct. 22, 2013-Fifty years ago this month, Los Alamos National Laboratory sensor technology lifted off into space to help verify that world Superpowers were abiding by the newly signed Limited Test Ban Treaty-a pledge by the United States, the former Soviet Union and the United Kingdom to refrain from testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, underwater or in space. "For the past 70 years, Los Alamos National Laboratory has serviced the country and provided technical solutions to the some of biggest national security challenges facing the nation," said Terry Wallace, Principal Associate Director for Global Security at Los
MRAP MRAP MONTICELLO PROJECTS FEDERAL FACILITY AGREEMENT REPORT May/June 2005 Report Period: May 1 -June 30, 2005 DOE Project Coordinator: Art Kleinrath HIGHLIGHTS DOE constmction, as identified in the Millsite Restoration Plan, was substantially completed on June 3. Seeding of disturbed areas was completed on June 15. MSG DOE completed constmction of the permeable reactive treatment cell and initiated operations in June. The cell is an enhancement to the existing pe1meable reactive ban·ier and was designed to alleviate ground water mounding. MVP Approximately one cubic yard of contaminated material was identified in a City of Monticello excavation near the golf course. This material was transferred to the Temporary Storage Facility located at the DOE Monticello Office.
Annual Energy Outlook 2001 - Legislation and Regulations
Legislation & Regulations Legislation & Regulations Nitrogen Oxide Emission Caps Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions and Diesel Fuel Quality Standards FERC Order 2000 Banning or Reducing the Use of MTBE in Gasoline Updates on State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Renewable Energy Mandates Proposed Changes to RFG Oxygen Standard FERC Order 637 Proposed Limits on Benzene in Gasoline Royalty Rules Low-Emission Vehicle Program Tier 2 Vehicle Emissions and Gasoline Sulfur Standards Appliance Efficiency Standards Petroleum Reserves Introduction Because analyses by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) are required to be policy-neutral, the projections in this Annual Energy Outlook 2001 (AEO2001) are based on Federal, State, and local laws and regulations in effect on July 1, 2000. The potential impacts of pending or
John W. Shaner, 1993 | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Office of Science (SC) Website
John W. Shaner, 1993 John W. Shaner, 1993 The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award Lawrence Award Home Nomination & Selection Guidelines Award Laureates 2000's 1990's 1980's 1970's 1960's Ceremony The Life of Ernest Orlando Lawrence Contact Information The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award U.S. Department of Energy SC-2/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-9395 E: email@example.com 1990's John W. Shaner, 1993 Print Text Size: A A A RSS Feeds FeedbackShare Page National Security: For innovative experiments on the basic properties of condensed matter important to weapons physics, for the development of the simulated explosion scaling technique important to verification of the current Threshold Test Ban Treaty and the Peaceful Nuclear Explosion
Sidney D. Drell, 2000 | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Sidney D. Drell, 2000 Sidney D. Drell, 2000 The Enrico Fermi Award Fermi Award Home Nomination & Selection Guidelines Award Laureates 2010's 2000's 1990's 1980's 1970's 1960's 1950's Ceremony The Life of Enrico Fermi Contact Information The Enrico Fermi Award U.S. Department of Energy SC-2/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-9395 E: email@example.com 2000's Sidney D. Drell, 2000 Print Text Size: A A A RSS Feeds FeedbackShare Page Citation For his major contributions to arms control and national security in studies showing that a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty is compatible with maintaining the safety and reliability of U.S. nuclear weapons; and for providing practical and innovative solutions to national security problems and nuclear weapons safety in general. He has also made major contributions
I.'!) I.'!) u .s . DEPARnIEN T OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT M ANAGEMEN T CEN TER NEPA DEIEmlINATION RECIPIENT:Gas Technology Institute PROJECf TITLE: Developing Thennal Conversion Options for Biorefinery Residues Page 1 of2 STATE: AL Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number CIO Number COP DE· FG36-01G011082 GFO-GOll082-OO3 G011082 Based on my review oBhe information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authorized under DOE Order 4SI.IA), I ban made the following detennination: ex. EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: 83.6 Siting, construction (or modification), operation, and decommissioning of facilities for indoor bench-scale research projects and conventional laboratory operations (for example, preparation of chemical standards and sample analysis);
Item Subject FAR Case
Federal Acquisition Circular (FAC) 2005-53 Item Subject FAR Case I. Equal Opportunity for Veterans 2009-007 II. Unique Procurement Instrument Identifier 2009-023 III. Uniform Suspension and Debarment Requirement 2009-036 IV. Extension of Sunset Date for Protests of Task and 2011-015 Delivery Orders V. Encouraging Contractor Policies to Ban Text Messaging 2009-028 While Driving. VI. TINA Interest Calculations 2009-034 Item I--Equal Opportunity for Veterans (FAR 2009-007) The interim rule, published September 29, 2010, is adopted as final with minor changes. A definition from the clause at FAR 52.222-35 for ``executive and senior management'' is added to FAR subpart 22.13. The interim rule implemented Department of
Microsoft Word - plume paper
Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from Individual Heavy-Duty Trucks George A. Ban-WeissP a P, Melissa M. LundenP b P, Thomas W. KirchstetterP b P, Robert A. HarleyP c, TF 1 FTP P a PUniversity of California, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740 P b PLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Atmospheric Science Dept., Berkeley, CA 94720 P c PUniversity of California, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710 Abstract Emission factors for black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN) were measured from 226 individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel-fueled trucks driving through a 1 km-long California highway tunnel in August 2006. Emission factors were based on concurrent increases in BC, PN, and COB 2
Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar
Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar reflectance-Part I: Analysis of roofing product databases Title Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar reflectance-Part I: Analysis of roofing product databases Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2011 Authors Sleiman, Mohamad, George Ban-Weiss, Haley E. Gilbert, David François, Paul Berdahl, Thomas W. Kirchstetter, Hugo Destaillats, and Ronnen M. Levinson Journal Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Volume 95 Pagination 3385-3399 Date Published 10/2011 ISSN 0927-0248 Keywords Advanced Surfaces, building technology and urban systems department, Heat Island, Heat Island Group URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.08.002 DOI 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.08.002
Microsoft Word - Strawa_JAEROSCI.doc
Optical and Physical Properties from Primary On-Road Vehicle Particle Optical and Physical Properties from Primary On-Road Vehicle Particle Emissions And Their Implications for Climate Change AW. Strawa a1 , TW. Kirchstetter b , AG. Hallar a,c , GA. Ban-Weiss d , JP. McLaughlin e , RA. Harley e , MM. Lunden b a NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 b Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Atmospheric Science Dept., Berkeley, CA 94720 c currently with Desert Research Institute, Storm Peak Laboratory, Steamboat Spring, CO 80488 d University of California, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Berkeley, CA 94720 e University of California, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract During the summers of 2004 and 2006, extinction and scattering coefficients of particle emissions inside a San Francisco Bay Area roadway tunnel were measured using a
ENER ENER GY EE RE PROJECT MANAG EMENT CENT ER NEPA DETERl\lINATION RECIPIENT:AA Solar Products PROJECT TITLE: AA Solar Tracking System Factory Page 1 of2 STATE: IL Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number em Number DE-FOA-OOOOOS2 EEOOOO119 GFO-1O-331 EE119 Based on my review of the information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Omen (authorized under DOE Order 451.1A), I ban made the following determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description : 81 .31 Relocation of machinery and equipment, such as analytical laboratory apparatus, electronic hardware, maintenance equipment, and health and safety equipment, including minor construction necessary for removal and installation, where uses of the relocated items will be similar to their former uses and consistent with the general missions of the
Department of Energy to Take Steps to Remove ENERGY STAR Label on Certain
Department of Energy to Take Steps to Remove ENERGY STAR Label on Department of Energy to Take Steps to Remove ENERGY STAR Label on Certain LG Refrigerator-Freezer Models Department of Energy to Take Steps to Remove ENERGY STAR Label on Certain LG Refrigerator-Freezer Models December 7, 2009 - 12:00am Addthis Washington, DC - The Department of Energy announced today that as part of the expanded enforcement efforts under the ENERGY STAR® program, effective January 2, 2010, certain LG French-door refrigerator-freezers are banned from using the ENERGY STAR® label that helps consumers identify energy efficient products that will reduce their energy use and save them money. DOE is proceeding with this action after multiple independent labs have confirmed that when certain LG French-door refrigerator-freezers are tested using existing DOE test procedures, they do not qualify for the ENERGY
MTBE, Oxygenates, and Motor Gasoline
MTBE, Oxygenates, and MTBE, Oxygenates, and Motor Gasoline Contents * Introduction * Federal gasoline product quality regulations * What are oxygenates? * Who gets gasoline with oxygenates? * Which areas get MTBE? * How much has been invested in MTBE production capacity? * What does new Ethanol capacity cost? * What would an MTBE ban cost? * On-line information resources * Endnotes * Summary of revisions to this analysis Introduction The blending of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) into motor gasoline has increased dramatically since it was first produced 20 years ago. MTBE usage grew in the early 1980's in response to octane demand resulting initially from the phaseout of lead from gasoline and later from rising demand for premium gasoline. The oxygenated gasoline program stimulated an
Microsoft Word - Document1
Mr. Daniel Cohen Mr. Daniel Cohen Office of the General Counsel 1000 Independence Avenue , SW Washington D.C. 20585 RE: Regulatory Reduction RFI, 76 Fed. Reg. 6123, February 3, 2011 Via Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Dear Mr Cohen , Thank you on behalf of Empire Comfort Systems for the opportunity to comment on the Regulatory Burden issue . Our company is a small company of about 260 employees located about 20 minutes east of St.Louis in Belleville , Illinois . We try to do things according to the regulations given to us and to be good citizens . We support the comments submitted by the Hearth Patio and Barbecue Association concerning the need to repeal DOE's April 16, 2010 ban on decorative vented gas fireplaces . Our company supported the law requiring energy efficiency standards for Direct Heating Equipment
EIS-0423-S1: DOE Notice of Availability of a Draft Supplemental
3-S1: DOE Notice of Availability of a Draft Supplemental 3-S1: DOE Notice of Availability of a Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement EIS-0423-S1: DOE Notice of Availability of a Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Long-Term Management and Storage of Elemental Mercury DOE announces the availability of the Draft Long-Term Management and Storage of Elemental Mercury Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (Mercury Storage SEIS, DOE/EIS-0423-S1) for public comment. As required by the Mercury Export Ban Act of 2008, DOE plans to identify a facility or facilities for the long-term management and storage of elemental mercury generated in the U.S. Subsequently, DOE identified three additional, reasonable alternative locations in the vicinity of its Waste Isolation
Environmental Energy Technologies Division News
2000: 2000: Vol. 2, No. 1 Electrochromic Window Tests in U.S. Office Show Promise CLASP Helps Developing Nations Implement Energy Standards EETD Scientists Aid Research Efforts Leading to MTBE Ban Power Outage Study Team Examines Electricity Reliability Research Highlights Sources and Credits PDF of EETD News Electrochromic Window Tests in U.S. Office Show Promise Electrochromic glazings promise to be the next major advance in energy-efficient window technology, helping to achieve the goal of transforming windows and skylights from an energy liability in buildings to an energy source for the nation's building stock. The glazing can be reversibly switched from clear to a transparent, colored state by applying a low voltage, resulting in dynamically controllable thermal and optical
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DE1'ERl\fiNATION
DE1'ERl\fiNATION DE1'ERl\fiNATION RECIPIENT:Office of Energy Development PROJECT TITLE : SEP Formula Grant for the State of Utah Page I of3 STATE: UT Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Procurement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number elD Number DE·FOA-0000643 NT43206 GF0-00432Q6.001 BaSC'd on my review ofthe information concerning tbe proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authoru£d under DOE Order 4SI.lA), I ban made the following determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Inf ormation gathering, analysis, and dissemination A1 1 Technical advice and assistance to organizations Rational for detennination: Information gathering (including. but ooliimiled 10, literature surveys, inventories, site visits, and audits), data analysis (induding, but nollimited to, computer modeling), document preparation
3-D Earth model more accurately pinpoints explosions
3-D Earth model more accurately pinpoints explosions 3-D Earth model more accurately pinpoints explosions 3-D Earth model more accurately pinpoints explosions The purpose of this model is to assist the U.S. Air Force and the international Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization with more accurately locating all types of explosions. October 25, 2013 A one-dimensional velocity profile with depth plotted within a three-dimensional Earth. The colors are compressional wave velocity in km/s. The rays are examples coming from a pseudo station at the North Pole. This model is used as the starting point to calculate the full SALSA3D velocity model. A one-dimensional velocity profile with depth plotted within a three-dimensional Earth. The colors are compressional wave velocity in km/s. The rays are examples coming from a pseudo station at the North Pole.
Microsoft PowerPoint - DOELM_Mercury_Storage.ppt
Mercury Storage Concept Mercury Storage Concept Pre-Environmental Impact Statement Grand Junction, Colorado, Scoping Meeting Information 2 Mercury Export Ban Act Passed into law in October 2008 Purpose is to prohibit the export of mercury Identifies the Department of Energy (DOE) as the agency to provide long-term storage with collaboration from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Requires: * Guidance on standards and procedures by October 1, 2009 * Facility will be constructed and operated to hazardous waste requirements * A facility be designated by January 1, 2010 * Operations to begin by January 1, 2013 3 Stockpiles of Mercury DOE stores approximately 1,200 metric tons at the Oak Ridge Reservation Department of Defense stores approximately 4,400 metric tons EPA estimates that between 7,500 and 10,000 metric
Natural Gas Weekly Update, Printer-Friendly Version
22, 2001 22, 2001 The spot price at the Henry Hub finished the week at $2.34 per MMBtu, or just 3 cents above its level the previous Friday. On the NYMEX, the futures contract for November delivery ended the week over a quarter of a dollar higher than the previous Friday, at $2.681 per MMBtu. Despite a brief 2-day cold snap, temperatures across the Lower 48 States were relatively mild. Although some unseasonably cooler temperatures were seen from the Gulf Coast into the Mid-continent, even there average temperatures for the week generally were 50 degrees or more. (See Temperature Map) (See Deviation Map) On October 12 the Coast Guard lifted the ban on liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers' use of Boston harbor to reach Distrigas of Massachusetts' import facility, helping to alleviate concerns about
Eliminating MTBE in Gasoline in 2006
02/22/2006 02/22/2006 Eliminating MTBE in Gasoline in 2006 Summary In 2005, a number of petroleum companies announced their intent to remove methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) from their gasoline in 2006. Companies' decisions to eliminate MTBE have been driven by State bans due to water contamination concerns, continuing liability exposure from adding MTBE to gasoline, and perceived potential for increased liability exposure due to the elimination of the oxygen content requirement for reformulated gasoline (RFG) included in the Energy Policy Act of 2005. EIA's informal discussions with a number of suppliers indicate that most of the industry is trying to move away from MTBE before the 2006 summer driving season. Currently, the largest use of MTBE is in RFG consumed on the East Coast outside of
u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MAN AG EMENT CENTER NEPA DETERlvITNATION
(Il) (Il) u.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MAN AG EMENT CENTER NEPA DETERlvITNATION RECIPIENT:W.R. Grace and Co Page lof2 STATE: MD PROJECT TITLE: New Reactor technology for Hydroprocessing Bio-oils to Produce Gasoline, Diesel and Jet Fuel Funding Opportunity Announcement Numbn Procurementlnstrumenl Numbu NEPA Control Number em Numbu DE·FOA-OOOO342 DE-EE()(X)4392 GF0-0004392-OO1 EE4392 Ba~d on my review oflhe information concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authoriud undu DOE O rder 4St.IA).1 ban made the (ollowing ddermination: ex, EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Information gathering (induding, but nollimiled la, literature surveys, Inventories, audits). data analysis (induding computer modeling), document preparation (sud'! as COrIceptuaJ design or feasibility studies, analytical energy supply
Lab celebrates 50 years in space
celebrates 50 years in space celebrates 50 years in space Community Connections: Our link to Northern New Mexico Communities Latest Issue:Dec. 2013 - Jan. 2014 All Issues » submit Lab celebrates 50 years in space National security missions and pure research December 1, 2013 Lab celebrates 50 years in space Lab's instruments have helped detect possible nuclear weapon detonations and led to fundamental scientific discoveries. Contacts Community Programs Office Director Kurt Steinhaus Email Editor Linda Anderman Email Not only does 2013 mark the Lab's 70th anniversary, it also marks the 50th anniversary of its first mission into space. During those five decades, it's been involved in 206 launches-only a few other organizations in the world can claim more-that began with the goal of helping monitor compliance with the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty through
NEWTON, Ask a Scientist at Argonne National Labs
Shoes and Energy Shoes and Energy Name: Steven Status: other Grade: other Location: CT Date: Winter 2011-2012 Question: A company named Athletic Propulsion Labs designed a basketball shoe that they claim makes a player jump higher. The shoe has "Load and Launch" technology built into the front sole of the shoe that is some sort of spring mechanism. The way I see it, this mechanism cannot allow a player to jump higher because only an external force can produce motion. The spring mechanism is internal to the body (including the player, shoes, socks uniform) that is launched into the air and an internal force cannot produce motion. Despite this, the shoe has been tested and found to provide additional lift. The shoe has actually been banned by the NBA because it provides an unfair advantage to players who wear them. How could this shoe possibly work?
u.s. DEPART1IENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT MANAG EM ENT CEN T ER
EERE PROJECT MANAG EERE PROJECT MANAG EM ENT CEN T ER NEPA DETER1.IINATION RECIPIENT:TEXAS COMPTROLLER OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS PROJECT TITLE: ARRA SEP CITY OF ADDISON TURBINE PROJECT Page 1 of2 STATE: TX Funding Opportunity AnDouncement Number Proc:urcmentlnstrumcnt Number NEPA Control Number CID Number DE·EEOOOO116 EEOOOO116 EE116 Based on my review oftbe informatioll concerning the proposed action, as NEPA Compliance Officer (authoriud under DOE Order 4Sl.IA), I ban made the following determination: ex, EA, EIS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: A9 Information gathering (including. but not limited to, literature surveys, inventories, audits). dala analysis (including computer modeling). document preparation (such as conceptual design or feasibility studies, analytical energy supply
204 Federal Register 204 Federal Register / Vol. 77, No. 108 / Tuesday, June 5, 2012 / Notices 20202. Email: equitycommission@ed. gov. Telephone: (202) 453-6567. John DiPaolo, Chief of Staff, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office for Civil Rights. [FR Doc. 2012-13499 Filed 6-4-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4000-01-P DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Notice of Intent To Prepare a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Long-Term Management and Storage of Elemental Mercury AGENCY: Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of intent. SUMMARY: As required by the Mercury Export Ban Act of 2008 (the Act), the Department of Energy (DOE) plans to identify a facility or facilities for the long-term management and storage of elemental mercury generated in the United States. To this end, DOE intends
B3.6 Siting/construction/operation/decommissioning of facilities for bench-scale research, conventional laboratory operations, small-scale research and development and pilot projects B3.6 Siting/construction/operation/decommissioning of facilities for bench-scale research, conventional laboratory operations, small-scale research and development and pilot projects The proposed action would involve the installation of a 5-6 kW ground mounted monopole design photovoltaic system adjacent to the security kiosk within the road shoulder at the west entrance to the Morongo Reservation (near the terminus of Morongo Road at the intersection of Hargrave Road in the incorporated City of Banning). Panels would be installed in a roadside ditch adjacent to rangelands. This size of system would account for approximately 30-40% of the energy consumption for the kiosk. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Morongo Reservation RE Technology - Solar
3-D Earth model more accurately 3-D Earth model more accurately pinpoints explosions October 25, 2013 During the Cold War, U.S. and international monitoring agencies could detect nuclear tests and measure their size. Today, they seek to pinpoint much smaller explosives tests. Under the sponsorship of the National Nuclear Security Administration's Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D, Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have partnered to develop a 3-D model of the Earth's mantle and crust called SALSA3D (Sandia-Los Alamos 3D). The purpose of this model is to assist the U.S. Air Force and the international Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) in Vienna, Austria, with more accurately locating all types of explosions. Significance of the research
to Take Steps to Remove ENERGY STAR Label on to Take Steps to Remove ENERGY STAR Label on Certain LG Refrigerator-Freezer Models Department of Energy to Take Steps to Remove ENERGY STAR Label on Certain LG Refrigerator-Freezer Models December 7, 2009 - 12:00am Addthis Washington, DC - The Department of Energy announced today that as part of the expanded enforcement efforts under the ENERGY STAR® program, effective January 2, 2010, certain LG French-door refrigerator-freezers are banned from using the ENERGY STAR® label that helps consumers identify energy efficient products that will reduce their energy use and save them money. DOE is proceeding with this action after multiple independent labs have confirmed that when certain LG French-door refrigerator-freezers are tested using existing DOE test procedures, they do not qualify for the ENERGY
Lightweight Buses With Electric Drive Improve Fuel Economy and Passenger Experience
Lightweight Buses With Electric Drive Improve Lightweight Buses With Electric Drive Improve Fuel Economy and Passenger Experience Background The standard, 40-foot diesel- powered transit bus is noisy, consumes a gallon of fuel for every three miles it travels, weighs 28,000 pounds, and contributes significantly to ur- ban air pollution. While hybrid electric buses do exist, they are very expensive, and typi- cally get just four miles to the gallon. Autokinetics and the Department of Energy Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program saw sig- nificant room for improvement in hybrid electric buses-in terms of weight and noise reduction, better fuel economy, lower cost, and rider percep- tion-using lightweight body
Building Public Trust: Appendix A
A A REMARKS BY PRESIDENT WILLIAM J. CLINTON IN ACCEPTANCE OF HUMAN RADIATION FINAL REPORT October 3, 1995 Old Executive Office Building Let me begin with a simple thank you to everyone who participated in this extraordinary project and to everyone who supported them. I want to thank Secretary O'Leary for her extraordinary devotion to this cause. And you heard in her remarks basically the way that she views this. It's a part of her ongoing commitment to finish the end of the Cold War. And perhaps no Energy Secretary has ever done as much as she has to be an advocate, whether it is for continued reforms within the Energy Department or her outspoken endorsement of the strongest possible commitment on the part of the United States to a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which I believe we will achieve next year in no small measure thanks to the support of the Secretary of Energy.
DSW customers
Customer Meetings Environmental Review-NEPA Operations & Maintenance Planning & Projects Power Marketing Rates Customer Meetings Environmental Review-NEPA Operations & Maintenance Planning & Projects Power Marketing Rates Desert Southwest Region's Customer list Use the filters above the customer list to refine your search. Click the "Clear" to reset the list. Western's full list of customers is available on the Western's Customer Web page. Customer Name Customer Type State Region Project Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Native American Tribes CA DSW PD Aguila Irrigation District Irrigation Districts AZ DSW CAP Anaheim, City of Municipalities CA DSW BC Arizona Power Authority State Agencies AZ DSW BC Arizona Public Service Company Investor-owned Utilities AZ DSW CAP Azusa, City of Municipalities CA DSW BC Banning, City of Municipalities CA DSW BC
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EERE PROJECT 'dfu'lAGEMENT CENTER
'dfu'lAGEMENT CENTER 'dfu'lAGEMENT CENTER NEPA DETERMINATION Page 1 of2 RECIPIENT:Nashua-Plainfield Community Schools; a SEP sub-recipient of the Iowa Economic STATE : fA Development Authority PROJECT TITLE : Nashua-Plainfield Community Schools Geothermal System Funding Opportunity Announcement Number Proc:urement Instrument Number NEPA Control Number em Number DE-FOA-OOOOS2 EEOOOO162 GF0-0000162-018 EE162 Based on my re view orehe information concerning the propos.ed action, as NEPA Complia nce O ffice r (authorized under DOE Order 451.1A), I ban made the (ollowing determination: ex, EA, [IS APPENDIX AND NUMBER: Description: 85.19 Ground source heat pumps The installation, modification, operation, and removal of rommercially available smalfscale ground source heat pumps to support operations in single facilities (such as a school or community center) or contiguous facilities
Los Alamos in SPACE | National Security Science Magazine | Los Alamos
Los Alamos in SPACE Los Alamos in SPACE Since the launches of the first man-made objects (Sputnik and Explorer 1) to orbit the Earth more than a half-century ago, thousands of spacecraft have been launched, many of those carrying Los Alamos sensors and instrumentation systems. Our journey began with the research and development of a two-decade-long nuclear rocket program, Project Rover. In the 1950s, Los Alamos scientists, building on their nuclear expertise, examined new methods for rocket propulsion into space. In December 1960, in the thick of the Cold War and during negotiation of the Limited Test Ban Treaty, the Atomic Energy Commission and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) first met to discuss a space-based system to detect nuclear explosions in the atmosphere and space. The nation turned to Los
66 results: 66 results: BibTex RIS RTF XML Sort by: Author Title Type [ Year (Desc) ] Filters: Author is Craig P. Wray [Clear All Filters] 2013 Rapp, Vi H., Albert Pastor-Perez, Brett C. Singer, and Craig P. Wray. Predicting Backdrafting and Spillage for Natural-Draft Gas Combustion Appliances: Validating VENT-II., 2013. Ban-Weiss, George, Craig P. Wray, William W. Delp, Peter Ly, Hashem Akbari, and Ronnen M. Levinson. "Electricity production and cooling energy savings from installation of a building-integrated photovoltaic roof on an office building." Energy and Buildings 56 (2013): 210-220. J. Chris Stratton, and Craig P. Wray. Procedures and Standards for Residential Ventilation System Commissioning: An Annotated Bibliography., 2013. 2012 J. Chris Stratton, William J. N. Turner, Craig P. Wray, and Iain S. Walker.
Bell-Bottoms and Energy Efficient Buildings | Department of Energy
Bell-Bottoms and Energy Efficient Buildings Bell-Bottoms and Energy Efficient Buildings Bell-Bottoms and Energy Efficient Buildings January 18, 2011 - 5:19pm Addthis Roland Risser Roland Risser Program Director, Building Technologies Office This is hard to admit via blog, but I must come clean. I have fallen victim to some now seemingly ridiculous trends during my life. A few of them include wearing bell-bottoms in the 70s, sporting a "Members Only" jacket in the 80s, and rocking Ray-Bans and Maui Jims in the 90s (well, technically I still wear Maui Jims). What was I thinking? This tri-fecta of bad fashion and wrong choices makes me wonder... What characteristic makes an idea or product so exceptional that people value it? What causes the popularity explosion of a YouTube video or the national obsession with a bed bug outbreak?
Northeast States Succeed in Reducing Mercury and Continue to Address Ongoing Challenges
major legislation to address mercury use in products and ultimately in solid and hazardous waste. This legislation includes bans and phase-outs on the sale of certain products, requirements for product labeling, and requirements for manufacturers to report on their use of mercury in products that are sold in the region. These laws affect a wide variety of products, including mercury thermometers, thermostats, switches and relays and products that contain these components, various measuring devices, linear and compact fluorescent bulbs, button batteries, and others. In addition to these requirements, state environmental agencies have initiated mandatory and voluntary programs for collecting certain mercury-containing products at their end-of-life. Mercury-added products that have
Regional observations of mining blasts by the GSETT-3 seismic monitoring system
The cessation of testing of any nuclear explosive devices in all environments is the goal of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. In order to assure compliance with such a treaty, an international monitoring system has been proposed. This system will include seismic, infrasound, hydroacoustic and radionuclide monitors located throughout the world. The goal of this system is the detection of any nuclear test. In preparation for this treaty, a series of monitoring system tests, focusing primarily on seismic observations, have been undertaken. The most recent of these tests, Group of Scientific Experts Technical Test Three (GSETT-3), provides valuable data for assessing future monitoring systems. During the course of this experiment, seismic events associated with earthquakes, nuclear explosions and mining explosions have been recorded. This presentation will discuss the numbers and types of mining explosions triggering the system, in a particular area. Possible implications for the mining industry will be explored.
Stump, B.W.; Pearson, D.C.
Network flow model analysis of the impact of chlorofluorocarbon phaseout on acid-grade fluorspar. Information circular/1994
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC`s) are being phased out and eventually banned under extensive international agreements because the chlorine in CFC`s is thought to deplete the Earth`s ozone layer. As a result, the fluorspar mining industry, which is the source of fluorine in fluorocarbons through intermediate hydrofluoric acid, is being affected. Concern for this impact has led the U.S. Bureau of Mines to employ its capabilities to analyze various scenarios in the evolution of CFC replacements and substitutes to determine their effect on fluorspar mining. This report utilizes a network flow model to examine the effects of proposed replacements for CFC`s, in terms of fluorine content, on fluorspar operations worldwide and on hydrofluoric acid plants in North America and Europe.
Slatnick, J.A.; Fulton, R.B.
Chlorofluorocarbon environmental issues related to conservation acquisition in commercial buildings
Recent scientific evidence strongly suggests that the release of large quantities of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases into the atmosphere will result in environmentally harmful long-term effects. Because of those effects, a massive worldwide effort is currently under way to ban their use. At request of the Bonneville Power Administration, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory conducted a literature search to identify the issues surrounding the CFC phaseout. The search was focused on how these issues impact the commercial building sector. Information was obtained that describes: How the release of CFCs into the atmosphere may affect the global environment; legislative and regulatory programs initiated to restrict CFCs; potential impacts the reduced CFC supply will have on commercial buildings; the most promising CFC substitute technologies; and the potential costs of CFC restriction. 11 refs., 2 tabs.
Marseille, T.J.; Baechler, M.C.
Future prospects for compression ignition fuel in California : fuel-related implications of possible pathways to mitigation of public health threats.
This paper documents methods and results of an investigation of the options for and year 2010 consequences of possible new limitations on the use of diesel fuel in California, USA. California's Air Resources Board will undertake a risk management process to determine steps necessary to protect the health and safety of the public from carcinogenic species resident on diesel combustion exhaust particles. Environmental activist groups continue to call for the elimination of diesel fuel in California and other populous states. It is the declared intention of CARB not to ban or restrict diesel fuel, per se, at this time. Thus, two ''mid-course'' strategies now appear feasible: (1) Increased penetration of natural gas, LPG, and possibly lower alcohols into the transportation fuels market, to the extent that some Cl applications would revert to spark-ignition (SI) engines. (2) New specifications requiring diesel fuel reformulation based on more detailed investigation of exhaust products of individual diesel fuel constituents.
Eberhardt, J. J.; Rote, D. M.; Saricks, C. L.; Stodolsky, F.
Handbook for teaching Hmongspeaking students
Refugee Children, education funds authorized under the Refugee Act of 1980. The opinions expressed herein do not, however, necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U.S. government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The document was developed at the request of the California State Department of Education Bilingual Education Office, as part of a series of handbooks for teaching language minority students. The handbook was prepared for publication with desktop publishing equipment provided under an educational grant from Apple Computer, Inc. to Folsom Cordova Unified School District. The manuscript was prepared on a Macintosh Plus, using Microsoft Word and Aldus Pagemaker, and run on a Laserwriter Plus. The cover screen is from a photograph of a paj ntaub designed and sewn in Ban Vinai refugee camp, Thailand, circa 1983; from the collection of Lue Vang. The handbook was printed by Spilman Printing Company,
Bruce Thowpaou Bliatout, Ph.D.; Bruce T. Downing, Ph.D.; Judy Lewis; Dao Yang Ph. D
On The Design Of Environmentally Benign Refrigerant Mixtures: A Mathematical Programming Approach
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) based refrigerants (such as CFC12) have found widespread uses in home refrigerators and automotive air conditioners primarily due to their nontoxic, nonflammable nature and their high overall thermodynamic efficiency. However, CFC and hydrofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants with intermediate to high ozone depletion potentials (ODP's) will be banned during the next two decades. The outcome of replacing CFC's in the vapor recompression cycle and various other processes is vital to several industries. Feasible solutions appear to include mixtures of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC's) which have the potential for matching thermodynamic properties of current working fluids while meeting several criteria for ozone depletion potential, flammability, toxicity, materials compatibility and cost. In this paper, a proof of concept study is made to show that mathematical programming can effectively be used to identify a small set of alternative refrigerant mixtures which can then be...
Amit Duvedi; Luke E.K. Achenie; Copyright Luke Achenie
Software enhancements to the IVSEM model of the CTBTO IMS.
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) developed the Integrated Verification System Evaluation Model (IVSEM) to estimate the performance of the International Monitoring System (IMS) operated by the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). IVSEM was developed in several phases between 1995 and 2000. The model was developed in FORTRAN with an IDL-based user interface and was compiled for Windows and UNIX operating systems. Continuing interest in this analysis capability, coupled with numerous advances in desktop computer hardware and software since IVSEM was written, enabled significant improvements to IVSEM run-time performance and data analysis capabilities. These improvements were implemented externally without modifying the FORTRAN executables, which had been previously verified. This paper describes the parallelization approach developed to significantly reduce IVSEM run-times and the new test setup and analysis tools developed to facilitate better IVSEM operation.
Damico, Joseph P.
Mine locations: Kazakhstan
Upon accepting this internship at Los Alamos National Laboratory, I was excited but a bit nervous because I was placed into a field I knew nothing about and did not incorporate my mechanical engineering background. However, I stayed positive and realized that experience and education can come in many forms and that this would be a once in a lifetime opportunity. The EES-II Division (which stands for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geophysics division) concentrates on several topics, including Nuclear Treaty Verification Seismology. The study of this is extremely important in order to monitor countries that have nuclear capability and make sure they follow the rules of the international comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty. Seismology is only one aspect of this monitoring and EES-II works diligently with many other groups here at Los Alamos and across the world.
Perry, Bradley A [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Tank 241-AZ-101 Mixer Pump Test Vapor Sampling and Analysis Plan
This sampling and analysis plan (SAP) identifies characterization objectives pertaining to sample collection, laboratory analytical evaluation, and reporting requirements for vapor samples obtained during the operation of mixer pumps in tank 241-AZ-101. The primary purpose of the mixer pump test (MPT) is to demonstrate that the two 300 horsepower mixer pumps installed in tank 241-AZ-101 can mobilize the settled sludge so that it can be retrieved for treatment and vitrification. Sampling will be performed in accordance with Tank 241-AZ-101 Mixer Pump Test Data Quality Objective (Banning 1999) and Data Quality Objectives for Regulatory Requirements for Hazardous and Radioactive Air Emissions Sampling and Analysis (Mulkey 1999). The sampling will verify if current air emission estimates used in the permit application are correct and provide information for future air permit applications.
This sampling and analysis plan (SAP) identifies characterization objectives pertaining to sample collection, laboratory analytical evaluation, and reporting requirements for vapor samples obtained during the operation of mixer pumps in tank 241-AZ-101. The primary purpose of the mixer pump test (MPT) is to demonstrate that the two 300 horsepower mixer pumps installed in tank 241-AZ-101 can mobilize the settled sludge so that it can be retrieved for treatment and vitrification Sampling will be performed in accordance with Tank 241-AZ-101 Mixer Pump Test Data Quality Objective (Banning 1999) and Data Quality Objectives for Regulatory Requirements for Hazardous and Radioactive Air Emissions Sampling and Analysis (Mulkey 1999). The sampling will verify if current air emission estimates used in the permit application are correct and provide information for future air permit applications.
Some field observations on OSI aerial photography scales
The US, UK and USSR are attempting to negotiate a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) in Geneva. One of the verification procedures presently proposed provides for the possibility of conducting an On-Site Inspection (OSI) if a violation is suspected. According to the terms of the draft treaty, the OSI team would be provided with either (1) stereoscopic aerial photographs with a scale of 1:2,500, or equivalent topographic maps (US version) or (2) a large scale aerial photograph (USSR version). In order to gain a better understanding of the aerial photograph issue, EG and G was asked to take stereoscopic aerial photographs of two areas at the NTS at four different scales, 1:2,500, 1:5,000, 1:10,000 and 1:25,000. The purpose of this paper is to present some field observations on the use for OSI type purposes of these different scale photos.
Geil, R.
Special Lecture in Memory of Glenn Theodore Seaborg (19 April 1912 - 25 February 1999) Glenn T. Seaborg's Multi-faceted Career
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912-1999) was a world-renowned nuclear chemist, a Nobel Laureate in chemistry in 1951, co-discoverer of plutonium and nine other transuranium elements, Chairman of the US Atomic Energy Commission from 1961-71, scientific advisor to ten US presidents, active in national and international professional societies, an advocate for nuclear power as well as for a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty, a prolific writer, an avid hiker, environmentalist, and sports enthusiast. He was known and esteemed not only by chemists and other scientists throughout the world, but also by lay people, politicians, statesmen, and students of all ages. This memorial includes a brief glimpse of Glenn Seaborg's early life and education, describes some of his major contributions to nuclear science over his long and fruitful career, and highlights his profound influence on nuclear science, both in the US and in the international community.
Paving the road to peace: John F. Kennedy's American University address
From shortly after World War 11 until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the United States and the Soviet Union were enmeshed in what came to be known historically as the Cold War. This battle characterized both the political relations and the political rhetoric between the two nations. It was during the height of the Cold War that John F. Kennedy pursued a nuclear test ban treaty with the Soviet Union. Towards this end, he delivered a commencement address at American University on June 10, 1963. This thesis analyzes the strategies used by Kennedy to achieve this goal, and approaches the address from the context of Cold War rhetoric. By responding to the constraints provided to him by the Cold War, Kennedy maximized the potential persuasiveness of his address and offered a new insight to his audiences concerning the possibility of peace between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Joyce, Kelly J
Applied antineutrino physics workshop.
This workshop is the fourth one of a series that includes the Neutrino Geophysics Conference at Honolulu, Hawaii, which I attended in 2005. This workshop was organized by the Astro-Particle and Cosmology laboratory in the recently opened Condoret building of the University of Paris. More information, including copies of the presentations, on the workshop is available on the website: www.apc.univ-paris7.fr/AAP2007/. The workshop aims at opening neutrino physics to various fields such that it can be applied in geosciences, nuclear industry (reactor and spent fuel monitoring) and non-proliferation. The workshop was attended by over 60 people from Europe, USA, Asia and Brazil. The meeting was also attended by representatives of the Comprehensive nuclear-Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The workshop also included a workshop dinner on board of a river boat sailing the Seine river.
Lund, James C.
Analytical Method for the Detection of Ozone Depleting Chemicals (ODC) in Commercial Products Using a Gas Chromatograph with an Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD)
This document describes an analytical procedure that was developed for the trace level detection of residual ozone depleting chemicals (ODC) associated with the manufacture of selected commercial products. To ensure the United States meets it obligation under the Montreal Protocol, Congress enacted legislation in 1989 to impose an excise tax on electronic goods imported into the United States that were produced with banned chemicals. This procedure was developed to technically determine if residual ODC chemicals could be detected on electronic circuit boards. The analytical method utilizes a �purge and trap� technique followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection to capture and analyze the volatile chemicals associated with the matrix. The method describes the procedure, the hardware, operating conditions, calibration, and quality control measures in sufficient detail to allow the capability to be replicated. This document corresponds to internal Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) EFL-130A, Rev 4.
Lee, Richard N.; Dockendorff, Brian P.; Wright, Bob W.
Proceedings of the Numerical Modeling for Underground Nuclear Test Monitoring Symposium
The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the state-of-the-art in numerical simulations of nuclear explosion phenomenology with applications to test ban monitoring. We focused on the uniqueness of model fits to data, the measurement and characterization of material response models, advanced modeling techniques, and applications of modeling to monitoring problems. The second goal of the symposium was to establish a dialogue between seismologists and explosion-source code calculators. The meeting was divided into five main sessions: explosion source phenomenology, material response modeling, numerical simulations, the seismic source, and phenomenology from near source to far field. We feel the symposium reached many of its goals. Individual papers submitted at the conference are indexed separately on the data base.
Taylor, S.R.; Kamm, J.R. [eds.
Arms control and nonproliferation technologies: The non-proliferation experiment. First quarter 1994
In this issue of Arms Control and Nonproliferation Technologies we present the initial findings of the recent Non-Proliferation Experiment (NPE), conducted by the Department of Energy at the Nevada Test Site. Through an introduction and pictorial walk-through, Marv Denny and Jay Zucca of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory describe the overall experiment. This is followed by scientific and technical abstracts of the complex suite of experiments and analyses, which were presented at the Symposium on Non-Proliferation Experiment Results and Implications for Test Ban Treaties, April 19--21, 1994. Questions regarding the ongoing analysis and conclusions from the NPE should be directed to Leslie Casey in the Office of Research and Development within the Office of Nonproliferation and National Security of DOE. Her phone number is 202-586-2151.
Staehle, G.; Stull, S.; Talaber, C. [eds.
Ronnen Levinson
Ronnen M. Levinson Ronnen M. Levinson Ronnen Levinson Windows and Envelope Materials Group Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road MS 90-2000 Berkeley CA 94720 Office Location: 90-2056H (510) 486-7494 email@example.com This publications database is an ongoing project, and not all Division publications are represented here yet. Publications 2013 Ban-Weiss, George, Craig P. Wray, William W. Delp, Peter Ly, Hashem Akbari, and Ronnen M. Levinson. "Electricity production and cooling energy savings from installation of a building-integrated photovoltaic roof on an office building." Energy and Buildings 56 (2013): 210-220. 2012 Levinson, Ronnen M.. The Case for Cool Roofs., 2012. Download: PDF (205.7 KB) 2011 Menon, Surabi, and Ronnen M. Levinson. Cool roofs and global cooling: a
Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofs for sustainability and energy
integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofs for sustainability and energy integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofs for sustainability and energy efficiency Title Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roofs for sustainability and energy efficiency Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2013 Authors Ly, Peter, George Ban-Weiss, Nathan Finch, Craig Wray, Mark de Ogburn, William W. Delp, Hashem Akbari, Scott Smaby, Ronnen Levinson, and Bret Gean Corporate Authors SEI Group Inc. Document Number ESTCP EW-200813 Pagination 156 pp. Date Published 09/2013 Publisher Naval Facilities Engineering Command - Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center Type Technical Report Report Number TR-NAVFAC-EXWC-PW-1303 Keywords Buildings Energy Efficiency, energy efficiency, Energy Usage, renewable energy, Renewable Energy: Policy & Programs Abstract
Fermilab | Traffic Safety at Fermilab | Resources
Resources Resources Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety: Pedestrian Safety Awareness for Families Pedestrian Safety at Crosswalks Pedestrian Safety @ Fermilab Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute Take the Share The Road Quiz DuPage County Bike Maps Kane County Bike Maps League of Illinois Bicyclists State of Illinois Regional Bike Maps Rules and regulations: Fermilab traffic rules (FESHM 9010) Fermilab Today article on traffic safety on site, March 1, 2010 Illinois Rules of the Road Illinois ban of cell phone use while driving in school and construction zones (Illinois House Bill 72, passed August 6, 2009): Traffic safety: Illinois traffic safety publications Studies on distracted driving and cell-phone use while driving: http://www.nsc.org/safety_road/Distracted_Driving/Pages/distracted_driving.aspx
The Jasons: The Secret History of Science's Postwar Elite
This book is a history/profile of the group, called Jason, of academic scientists who advise the government. The book starts where the Manhattan Project ends -- with physicists trying to decide, having let the genie out of the bottle, how to get it back in again. One result of their attempts was Jason. Jason is 30 to 50 scientists who meet for six weeks every summer to answer questions for the government -- usually for the defense department or the intelligence community -- about national security issues. They specialize in studies for the Department of Energy on the technical backing for treaties to ban the bomb. Jason is unique, not only in this country, but in the world. The book is about the group's attempts to hold onto their scientific souls, remain independent, and still stay in business.
Finkbeiner, Ann (Johns Hopkins University)
Property:EIA/861/IsoCa | Open Energy Information
IsoCa IsoCa Jump to: navigation, search Property Name ISO_CA Property Type Boolean Description Indicates that the organization conducts operations in the CA ISO region [1] References ↑ "EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - 861 Webfile Layout for 2010.doc" Pages using the property "EIA/861/IsoCa" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) 3 3 Phases Energy Services + true + C City & County of San Francisco (Utility Company) + true + City of Alameda, California (Utility Company) + true + City of Anaheim, California (Utility Company) + true + City of Azusa, California (Utility Company) + true + City of Banning, California (Utility Company) + true + City of Biggs, California (Utility Company) + true + City of Colton, California (Utility Company) + true +
Alternatives to conventional diesel fuel-some potential implications of California's TAC decision on diesel particulate.
Limitations on the use of petroleum-based diesel fuel in California could occur pursuant to the 1998 declaration by California's Air Resources Board (CARB) that the particulate matter component of diesel exhaust is a carcinogen, therefore a toxic air contaminant (TAC) subject to provisions of the state's Proposition 65. It is the declared intention of CARB not to ban or restrict diesel fuel, per se, at this time. Assuming no total ban, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) explored two feasible ''mid-course'' strategies. (1) Increased penetration of natural gas and greater gasoline use in the transportation fuels market, to the extent that some compression-ignition (CI) applications revert to spark-ignition (SI) engines. (2) New specifications requiring diesel fuel reformulation based on exhaust products of individual diesel fuel constituents. Each of these alternatives results in some degree of (conventional) diesel displacement. In the first case, diesel fuel is assumed admissible for ignition assistance as a pilot fuel in natural gas (NG)-powered heavy-duty vehicles, and gasoline demand in California increases by 32.2 million liters per day overall, about 21 percent above projected 2010 baseline demand. Natural gas demand increases by 13.6 million diesel liter equivalents per day, about 7 percent above projected (total) consumption level. In the second case, compression-ignition engines utilize substitutes for petroleum-based diesel having similar ignition and performance properties. For each case we estimated localized air emission plus generalized greenhouse gas and energy changes. Economic implications of vehicle and engine replacement were not evaluated.
Alternatives to Diesel Fuel in California - Fuel Cycle Energy and Emission Effects of Possible Replacements Due to the TAC Diesel Particulate Decision
Limitations on petroleum-based diesel fuel in California could occur pursuant to the 1998 declaration by California's Air Resources Board (CARB) that the particulate matter component of diesel exhaust is a carcinogen, therefore a toxic air contaminant (TAC) subject to the state's Proposition 65. It is the declared intention of CARB not to ban or restrict diesel fuel, per se, at this time. Assuming no total ban, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) explored two feasible ''mid-course'' strategies, each of which results in some degree of (conventional) diesel displacement. In the first case, with substantial displacement of compression ignition by spark ignition engines, diesel fuel is assumed admissible for ignition assistance as a pilot fuel in natural gas (NG)-powered heavy-duty vehicles. Gasoline demand in California increases by 32.2 million liters (8.5 million gallons) per day overall, about 21 percent above projected 2010 baseline demand. Natural gas demand increases by 13.6 million diesel liter (3.6 million gallon) equivalents per day, about 7 percent above projected (total) consumption level. In the second case, ressionignition engines utilize substitutes for petroleum-based diesel having similar ignition and performance properties. For each case we estimated localized air emission plus generalized greenhouse gas and energy changes. Fuel replacement by di-methyl ether yields the greatest overall reduction in NOx emissions, though all scenarios bring about PM10 reductions relative to the 2010 baseline, with greatest reductions from the first case described above and the least from fuel replacement by Fischer-Tropsch synthetic diesel. Economic implications of vehicle and engine replacement were not formally evaluated.
Christopher L. Saraicks; Donald M. Rote; Frank Stodolsky; James J. Eberhardt
Alternatives to diesel fuel in California - fuel cycle energy and emission effects of possible replacements due to the TAC diesel particulate decision.
Limitations on petroleum-based diesel fuel in California could occur pursuant to the 1998 declaration by California's Air Resources Board (CARB) that the particulate matter component of diesel exhaust is a carcinogen, therefore a toxic air contaminant (TAC) subject to the state's Proposition 65. It is the declared intention of CARB not to ban or restrict diesel fuel per se, at this time. Assuming no total ban, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) explored two feasible mid-course strategies, each of which results in some degree of (conventional) diesel displacement. In the first case, with substantial displacement of compression-ignition by spark-ignition engines, diesel fuel is assumed admissible for ignition assistance as a pilot fuel in natural gas (NG)-powered heavy-duty vehicles. Gasoline demand in California increases by 32.2 million liters (8.5 million gallons) per day overall, about 21% above projected 2010 baseline demand. Natural gas demand increases by 13.6 million diesel liter (3.6 million gallon) equivalents per day, about 7% above projected (total) consumption level. In the second case, compression-ignition engines utilize substitutes for petroleum-based diesel having similar ignition and performance properties. For each case the authors estimated localized air emission plus generalized greenhouse gas and energy changes. Fuel replacement by di-methyl ether yields the greatest overall reduction in NOX emissions, though all scenarios bring about PM{sub 10} reductions relative to the 2010 baseline, with greatest reductions from the first case described above and the least from fuel replacement by Fischer-Tropsch synthetic diesel. Economic implications of vehicle and engine replacement were not formally evaluated.
Saricks, C. L.; Rote, D. M.; Stodolsky, F.; Eberhardt, J. J.
Special Issue for the 9th International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere
Carbonaceous particles are a minor constituent of the atmosphere but have a profound effect on air quality, human health, visibility and climate. The importance of carbonaceous particles has been increasingly recognized and become a mainstream topic at numerous conferences. Such was not the case in 1978, when the 1st International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere (ICCPA), or ''Carbon Conference'' as it is widely known, was introduced as a new forum to bring together scientists who were just beginning to reveal the importance and complexity of carbonaceous particles in the environment. Table 1 lists the conference dates, venues in the series as well as the proceedings, and special issues resulting form the meetings. Penner and Novakov (Penner and Novakov, 1996) provide an excellent historical perspective to the early ICCPA Conferences. Thirty years later, the ninth in this conference series was held at its inception site, Berkeley, California, attended by 160 scientists from 31 countries, and featuring both new and old themes in 49 oral and 83 poster presentations. Topics covered such areas as historical trends in black carbon aerosol, ambient concentrations, analytic techniques, secondary aerosol formation, biogenic, biomass, and HULIS1 characterization, optical properties, and regional and global climate effects. The conference website, http://iccpa.lbl.gov/, holds the agenda, as well as many presentations, for the 9th ICCPA. The 10th ICCPA is tentatively scheduled for 2011 in Vienna, Austria. The papers in this issue are representative of several of the themes discussed in the conference. Ban-Weiss et al., (Ban-Weiss et al., accepted) measured the abundance of ultrafine particles in a traffic tunnel and found that heavy duty diesel trucks emit at least an order of magnitude more ultrafine particles than light duty gas-powered vehicles per unit of fuel burned. Understanding of this issue is important as ultrafine particles have been shown to adversely affect human health (Lighty et al., 2000; Pope and Dockery, 2006). Gan et al. (Gan et al., accepted) examined the indoor air quality aboard submarines and found that the diesel particulate matter concentrations exceeded the EPA 24 hour standard. Claeys et al. (Claeys et al., accepted) studied the importance and sources of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in remote marine environment during a period of high biological activity. Methanesulphonate was the major SOA compound detected and there was no evidence for SOA from isoprene. The optical properties of gasoline and diesel vehicle particulate emissions and their relative contribution to radiative forcing was studied by Strawa et al. (Strawa et al., accepted).
Strawa, A.W.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Puxbaum, H.
Skin Bleaching in Jamaica: A Colonial Legacy
Light skin color sits within a space of privilege. While this has global significance and relevance, it is particularly true in Jamaica, a former British colony. The majority of the population is of African descent, yet there is an elevation of Eurocentric values and a denigration of Afrocentric values in many facets of life, specifically in the promotion of light skin as an indicator of beauty and social status. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological and socio-cultural factors that influence the practice of skin bleaching in the postcolonial society of Jamaica. Additionally, the study outlined the nation's efforts to combat the skin-bleaching phenomenon. The naturalistic paradigm of inquiry was used to frame the study and to collect and analyze data. The sample consisted of fifteen participants�twelve participants (six males and six females) with a history of skin bleaching; a retailer of skin lightening products; a local dermatologist who has written and published in local newspapers on the practice; and a representative from the Ministry of Health who was integrally involved in the national educational efforts to ban the practice. Data came from three sources: in-depth interviews with respondents; observation of participant's skin-bleaching practices; and a review of local cultural artifacts from popular culture and the media. Data from the audio recorded and transcribed interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Some of the findings reveal that there are multiple and inconsistent definitions of bleaching; skin bleaching enjoys mixed reviews�much attributed to economic and social class distinctions; bleachers demonstrate and boast of their expertise in managing the bleaching process suggesting, that because of this expertise, they are immune to any negative side-effects of the practice; the bleaching practice was found to be intermittent, time consuming and laborious, costly and addictive; there are several motivations for the skin-bleaching practice, and these are primarily connected to issues of fashion, beauty, popularity, self-image and acceptability; there is a certain level of defiance towards the government�s efforts to ban bleaching yet an expressed sense of responsibility among bleachers. The overall findings show that there is a bias in Jamaica for light skin over dark skin and these values are taught in non-formal and informal ways from very early in life. The practice of skin bleaching is of social and public health concern, and this study has implications for national policy, practice and theory.
Robinson, Petra Alaine
Annual Energy Outlook 2000 - Legislation & Regulations
leg_reg.gif (4810 bytes) Climate Change Action Plan Comprehensive Electricity Competition Act Tier 2 Vehicle Emissions and Gasoline Sulfur Standards California Ban of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Low-Emission Vehicle Program Introduction Because analyses by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) are required to be policy-neutral, the projections in this Annual Energy Outlook 2000 (AEO2000) are based on Federal, State, and local laws and regulations in effect on July 1, 1999. The potential impacts of pending or proposed legislation, regulations, and standards and sections of existing legislation for which funds have not been appropriated are not reflected in the projections. Federal legislation incorporated in the projections includes the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, which adds 4.3 cents per gallon to the Federal tax on highway fuels [1]; the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987; the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA90); the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT); the Outer Continental Shelf Deep Water Royalty Relief Act of 1995; the Tax Payer Relief Act of 1997; and the Federal Highway Bill of 1998, which includes an extension of the ethanol tax credit. AEO2000 assumes the continuation of the ethanol tax credit through 2020.
Trends in On-Road Vehicle Emissions of Ammonia
Trends in On-Road Vehicle Emissions of Ammonia Trends in On-Road Vehicle Emissions of Ammonia Title Trends in On-Road Vehicle Emissions of Ammonia Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2008 Authors Kean, Andrew J., David Littlejohn, George Ban-Weiss, Robert A. Harley, Thomas W. Kirchstetter, and Melissa M. Lunden Journal Atmospheric Environment Abstract Motor vehicle emissions of ammonia have been measured at a California highway tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area. Between 1999 and 2006, light-duty vehicle ammonia emissions decreased by 38 ± 6%, from 640 ± 40 to 400 ± 20 mg kg-1. High time resolution measurements of ammonia made in summer 2001 at the same location indicate a minimum in ammonia emissions correlated with slower-speed driving conditions. Variations in ammonia emission rates track changes in carbon monoxide more closely than changes in nitrogen oxides, especially during later evening hours when traffic speeds are highest. Analysis of remote sensing data of Burgard et al. (Environ Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 7018-7022) indicates relationships between ammonia and vehicle model year, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Ammonia emission rates from diesel trucks were difficult to measure in the tunnel setting due to the large contribution to ammonia concentrations in a mixed-traffic bore that were assigned to light-duty vehicle emissions. Nevertheless, it is clear that heavy-duty diesel trucks are a minor source of ammonia emissions compared to light-duty gasoline vehicles.
Hole in the ozone layer?
Hole in the ozone layer? Hole in the ozone layer? Name: Kelley Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Is there really a hole in the ozone layer? Replies: That depends on what one means by a "hole". There is a thinning of the layer that is particularly severe during certain seasons at the poles. But the ozone layer is thinning most everywhere. The thinning around the south pole of earth is particularly stunning, and has been referred to as a hole even though some ozone still exists there, it is much less concentrated. As you may know, this ozone destruction is probably due to human release of pollutants such as clorofluorocarbons (CFCs) an due to natural sources such as chemicals from volcanic eruptions. CFCs are used is cooling systems such as refrigerators and air conditioning. There is an international agreement to phase out the use of these destructive chemicals but they won't be banned entirely for years for fears of losing money. Meanwhile the ozone layer thins and we are exposed to increasingly higher doses of cancer causing radiation
Measurement of Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from
Measurement of Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from Measurement of Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from Individual Heavy-Duty Trucks Title Measurement of Black Carbon and Particle Number Emission Factors from Individual Heavy-Duty Trucks Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2009 Authors Ban-Weiss, George, Melissa M. Lunden, Thomas W. Kirchstetter, and Robert A. Harley Journal Environmental Science and Technology Abstract Emission factors for black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN) were measured from 226 individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel-fueled trucks driving through a 1 km-long California highway tunnel in August 2006. Emission factors were based on concurrent increases in BC, PN, and COB2B concentrations (measured at 1 Hz) that corresponded to the passage of individual HD trucks. The distributions of BC and PN emission factors from individual HD trucks are skewed, meaning that a large fraction of pollution comes from a small fraction of the in-use vehicle fleet. The highest-emitting 10% of trucks were
S. Driof, Process Demlopnant Dranch, S. Driof, Process Demlopnant Dranch, Production Division 7 i 7; I; $ " k>JSTI'IC AT TIE Cif~iICAL CCNSTXICTIOS COXi'O+TIO:? P$IX)T PIGIT-JUL'I 31, 19% Chemico ban fouzd tw proossses, b&h involving the initial H2SOl lwc:?, sutisfoctory. On.3 process (rerun) produces a U-Cu precipitate r&ich is ralsachad; the U and Cu can ba s+paratzd by various nothods. The second process (sts~~~ise) ?rucipitn?es co?ps~ and thee uranium. &j- ditioml 1abnretorJ xork is being dona so that thase processas cm b4 coa>c'r3d uooixmically. Discussion Kcrssru. Dvshor, ?icksns, Trincs, Snrkssian, and Atkins of Chonico and %assrs. Rridf and Coddo of the AEC mt at tha Linden Pilot Plaflt m july 31 to reviaw tha most recer,t dvvnloPnant work pcrfomad by tha
Black Thunder Coal Mine and Los Alamos National Laboratory experimental study of seismic energy generated by large scale mine blasting
In an attempt to better understand the impact that large mining shots will have on verifying compliance with the international, worldwide, Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT, no nuclear explosion tests), a series of seismic and videographic experiments has been conducted during the past two years at the Black Thunder Coal Mine. Personnel from the mine and Los Alamos National Laboratory have cooperated closely to design and perform experiments to produce results with mutual benefit to both organizations. This paper summarizes the activities, highlighting the unique results of each. Topics which were covered in these experiments include: (1) synthesis of seismic, videographic, acoustic, and computer modeling data to improve understanding of shot performance and phenomenology; (2) development of computer generated visualizations of observed blasting techniques; (3) documentation of azimuthal variations in radiation of seismic energy from overburden casting shots; (4) identification of, as yet unexplained, out of sequence, simultaneous detonation in some shots using seismic and videographic techniques; (5) comparison of local (0.1 to 15 kilometer range) and regional (100 to 2,000 kilometer range) seismic measurements leading to determine of the relationship between local and regional seismic amplitude to explosive yield for overburden cast, coal bulking and single fired explosions; and (6) determination of the types of mining shots triggering the prototype International Monitoring System for the CTBT.
Martin, R.L.; Gross, D. [Thunder Basin Coal Co., Wright, WY (United States); Pearson, D.C.; Stump, B.W. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Anderson, D.P. [Southern Methodist Univ., Dallas, TX (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences
Preliminary report on the Black Thunder, Wyoming CTBT R and D experiment quicklook report: LLNL input from regional stations
This report presents a preliminary summary of the data recorded at three regional seismic stations from surface blasting at the Black Thunder Coal Mine in northeast Wyoming. The regional stations are part of a larger effort that includes many more seismic stations in the immediate vicinity of the mine. The overall purpose of this effort is to characterize the source function and propagation characteristics of large typical surface mine blasts. A detailed study of source and propagation features of conventional surface blasts is a prerequisite to attempts at discriminating this type of blasting activity from other sources of seismic events. The Black Thunder Seismic experiment is a joint verification effort to determine seismic source and path effects that result from very large, but routine ripple-fired surface mining blasts. Studies of the data collected will be for the purpose of understanding how the near-field and regional seismic waveforms from these surface mining blasts are similar to, and different from, point shot explosions and explosions at greater depth. The Black Hills Station is a Designated Seismic Station that was constructed for temporary occupancy by the Former Soviet Union seismic verification scientists in accordance with the Threshold Test Ban Treaty protocol.
Harben, P.E.; Glenn, L.A.
Xe-135 Production from Cf-252
135Xe is a good indicator that fission has occurred and is a valuable isotope that helps enforce the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Due to its rather short half life and minimal commercial interest, there are no known sources where 135Xe can be purchased. Readily available standards of this isotope for calibrating collection and analytical techniques would be very useful. 135Xe can be produced in the fissioning of actinide isotopes, or by neutron capture on 134Xe. Since the neutron capture cross section of 134Xe is 3 mB, neutron capture is a low yield, though potentially useful, production route. 135Xe is also produced by spontaneous fission of 252Cf. 252Cf has a spontaneous fission rate of about 6 x 1011 s-1g-1. The cumulative yield from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf is 4.19%; and the competing neutron capture reaction that depletes 135Xe in thermal reactor systems is negligible because the neutron capture cross-section is low for fast fission neutrons. At the INL, scientists have previously transported fission products from an electroplated 252Cf thin source for the measurement of nuclear data of short-lived fission products using a technique called He-Jet collection. We have applied a similar system to the collection of gaseous 135Xe, in order to produce valuable standards of this isotope.
C. A. McGrath; T. P. Houghton; J. K. Pfeiffer; R. K. Hague
What do people know about global climate change 1. Mental models
A set of exploratory studies and mental model interviews was conducted in order to characterize public understanding of climate change. In general, respondents regarded global warming as both bad and highly likely. Many believed that warming has already occurred. They tended to confuse stratospheric ozone depletion with the greenhouse effect and weather with climate. Automobile use, heat and emissions from industrial processes, aerosol spray cans, and pollution in general were frequently perceived as primary causes of global warming. Additionally, the [open quotes]greenhouse effect[close quotes] was often interpreted literally as the cause of a hot and steamy climate. The effects attributed to climate change often included increased skin cancer and changed agricultural yields. The mitigation and control strategies proposed by interviewees typically focused on general pollution control, with few specific links to carbon dioxide and energy use. Respondents appeared to be relatively unfamiliar with such regulatory developments as the ban on CFCs for nonessential uses. These beliefs must be considered by those designing risk communications or presenting climate-related policies to the public. 20 refs., 4 tabs.
Bostrom, A. (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)); Morgan, M.G.; Fischhoff, B.; Read, D. (Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States))
Scientific Meetings Database: A New Tool for CTBT-Related International Cooperation
The mission of international cooperation is defined in the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Ways and means of implementation were the subject of discussion during the International Cooperation Workshop held in Vienna in November 1998, and during the Regional Workshop for CTBTO International Cooperation held in Cairo, Egypt in June 1999. In particular, a database of ''Scientific and Technical Meetings Directly or Indirectly Related to CTBT Verification-Related Technologies'' was developed by the CTBTO PrepCom/PTS/International Cooperation section and integrated into the organization's various web sites in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy CTBT Research and Development Program. This database, the structure and use of which is described in this paper/presentation is meant to assist the CTBT-related scientific community in identifying worldwide expertise in the CTBT verification-related technologies and should help experts, particularly those of less technologically advanced States Signatories, to strengthen contacts and to pursue international cooperation under the Tredy regime. Specific opportunities for international cooperation, in particular those provided by active participation in the use and further development of this database, are presented in this paper and/or presentation.
Knapik, Jerzy F.; Girven, Mary L.
Great American Smokeout �
by the American Cancer Society, is an annual event that encourages smokers to quit for at least 1 day in the hope that this might challenge them to stop permanently (1). This year, GASO will be held on November 18. Major changes have occurred since the first GASO in 1977. In 1978, approximately 34 % of adults smoked; by 2009, nearly 21 % smoked (2�4). Federal laws now prohibit smoking on airlines, and 24 states and the District of Columbia have comprehensive smoking bans (3,4). The U.S. government also has added coverage of smoking cessation treatments to health plans. As of October 1, 2010, Medicaid programs are required to cover tobaccodependence treatments for pregnant women, and in 2011, cessation coverage will be provided to all federal employees, retirees, and their spouses and dependents. Despite progress, 46.6 million U.S. adults smoke, 40% of nonsmokers are exposed to secondhand smoke, and 443,000 deaths each year are attributed to smoking and secondhand smoke (3�5). Additional information and support for quitting is available online
Proceedings of the 2009 Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies
These proceedings contain papers prepared for the Monitoring Research Review 2009: Ground -Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, held 21-23 September, 2009 in Tucson, Arizona,. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States� capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Wetovsky, Marv A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Aguilar - Chang, Julio [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Anderson, Dale [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Arrowsmith, Marie [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Arrowsmith, Stephen [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Baker, Diane [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Begnaud, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Harste, Hans [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Maceira, Monica [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Patton, Howard [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Phillips, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Randall, George [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rowe, Charlotte [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Stead, Richard [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Steck, Lee [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Whitaker, Rod [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Yang, Xiaoning ( David ) [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Proceedings of the 30th Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring
These proceedings contain papers prepared for the 30th Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, held 23-25 September, 2008 in Portsmouth, Virginia. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States� capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Wetovsky, Marv A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Aguilar-chang, Julio [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Arrowsmith, Marie [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Arrowsmith, Stephen [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Baker, Diane [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Begnaud, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Harste, Hans [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Maceira, Monica [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Patton, Howard [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Phillips, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Randall, George [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Revelle, Douglas [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rowe, Charlotte [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Stead, Richard [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Steck, Lee [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Whitaker, Rod [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Yang, Xiaoning [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Participatory health impact assessment for the development of local government regulation on hazard control
The Thai Public Health Act 1992 required the Thai local governments to issue respective regulations to take control of any possible health-hazard related activities, both from commercial and noncommercial sources. Since 1999, there has been centrally decentralized of power to a new form of local government establishment, namely Sub-district Administrative Organization (SAO). The SAO is asmall-scale local governing structure while its legitimate function is for community services, including control of health impact related activities. Most elected SAO administrators and officers are new and less experience with any of public health code of practice, particularly on health-hazard control. This action research attempted to introduce and apply a participatory health impact assessment (HIA) tool for the development of SAO health-hazard control regulation. The study sites were at Ban Meang and Kok See SAOs, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, while all intervention activities conducted during May 2005-April 2006. A set of cooperative activities between researchers and community representatives were planned and organized by; surveying and identifying place and service base locally causing local environmental health problems, organizing community participatory workshops for drafting and proposing the health-hazard control regulation, and appropriate practices for health-hazard controlling measures. This action research eventually could successfully enable the SAO administrators and officers understanding of local environmental-related health problem, as well as development of imposed health-hazard control regulation for local community.
Inmuong, Uraiwan, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University (Thailand); Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand 123 Mittrapharb Road, Khon Kaen 40002 (Thailand); Rithmak, Panee, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University (Thailand); Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand 123 Mittrapharb Road, Khon Kaen 40002 (Thailand); Srisookwatana, Soomol, E-mail: email@example.com [Public Health Law Administration Center, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health (Thailand); Traithin, Nathathai, E-mail: email@example.com [Public Health Law Administration Center, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health (Thailand); Maisuporn, Pornpun, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Public Health Law Administration Center, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health (Thailand)
Demonstration of base catalyzed decomposition process, Navy Public Works Center, Guam, Mariana Islands
Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD) is a chemical dehalogenation process designed for treating soils and other substrate contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), pesticides, dioxins, furans, and other hazardous organic substances. PCBs are heavy organic liquids once widely used in industry as lubricants, heat transfer oils, and transformer dielectric fluids. In 1976, production was banned when PCBs were recognized as carcinogenic substances. It was estimated that significant quantities (one billion tons) of U.S. soils, including areas on U.S. military bases outside the country, were contaminated by PCB leaks and spills, and cleanup activities began. The BCD technology was developed in response to these activities. This report details the evolution of the process, from inception to deployment in Guam, and describes the process and system components provided to the Navy to meet the remediation requirements. The report is divided into several sections to cover the range of development and demonstration activities. Section 2.0 gives an overview of the project history. Section 3.0 describes the process chemistry and remediation steps involved. Section 4.0 provides a detailed description of each component and specific development activities. Section 5.0 details the testing and deployment operations and provides the results of the individual demonstration campaigns. Section 6.0 gives an economic assessment of the process. Section 7.0 presents the conclusions and recommendations form this project. The appendices contain equipment and instrument lists, equipment drawings, and detailed run and analytical data.
Schmidt, A.J.; Freeman, H.D.; Brown, M.D.; Zacher, A.H.; Neuenschwander, G.N.; Wilcox, W.A.; Gano, S.R. [Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA (United States)] [Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Kim, B.C.; Gavaskar, A.R. [Battelle Columbus Div., OH (United States)] [Battelle Columbus Div., OH (United States)
The Radionuclide Aerosol Sampler/Analyzer (RASA) is an automated aerosol collection and analysis system designed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in the 1990's and is deployed in several locations around the world as part of the International Monitoring System (IMS) required under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The RASA operates unattended, save for regularly scheduled maintenance, iterating samples through a three-step process on a 24-hour interval. In its 15-year history, much has been learned from the operation and maintenance of the RASA that can benefit engineering updates or future aerosol systems. On 11 March 2011, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami rocked the eastern coast of Japan, resulting in power loss and cooling failures at the Daiichi nuclear power plants in Fukushima Prefecture. Aerosol collections were conducted with the RASA in Richland, WA. We present a summary of the lessons learned over the history of the RASA, including lessons taken from the Fukushima incident, regarding the RASA IMS stations operated by the United States.
Forrester, Joel B.; Bowyer, Ted W.; Carty, Fitz; Comes, Laura; Eslinger, Paul W.; Greenwood, Lawrence R.; Haas, Derek A.; Hayes, James C.; Kirkham, Randy R.; Lepel, Elwood A.; Litke, Kevin E.; Miley, Harry S.; Morris, Scott J.; Schrom, Brian T.; Van Davelaar, Peter; Woods, Vincent T.
Worldwide health effects of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident�
This study quantifies worldwide health effects of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident on 11 March 2011. Effects are quantified with a 3-D global atmospheric model driven by emission estimates and evaluated against daily worldwide Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) measurements and observed deposition rates. Inhalation exposure, ground-level external exposure, and atmospheric external exposure pathways of radioactive iodine-131, cesium-137, and cesium-134 released from Fukushima are accounted for using a linear no-threshold (LNT) model of human exposure. Exposure due to ingestion of contaminated food and water is estimated by extrapolation. We estimate an additional 130 (15�1100) cancer-related mortalities and 180 (24�1800) cancer-related morbidities incorporating uncertainties associated with the exposure�dose and dose�response models used in the study. We also discuss the LNT model�s uncertainty at low doses. Sensitivities to emission rates, gas to particulate I-131 partitioning, and the mandatory evacuation radius around the plant are also explored, and may increase upper bound mortalities and morbidities in the ranges above to 1300 and 2500, respectively. Radiation exposure to workers at the plant is projected to result in 2 to 12 morbidities. An additional 600 mortalities have been reported due to non-radiological causes such as mandatory evacuations. Lastly, a hypothetical accident at the Diablo Canyon Power Plant in
John E. Ten Hoeve A; Mark Z. Jacobson B
Evaluation of Cavity Collapse and Surface Crater Formation at the Norbo Underground Nuclear Test in U8c, Nevada Nuclear Security Site, and the Impact on Stability of the Ground Surface
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Containment Program performed a review of nuclear test-related data for the Norbo underground nuclear test in U8c to assist in evaluating this legacy site as a test bed for application technologies for use in On-Site Inspections (OSI) under the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. This request is similar to one made for the Salut site in U8c (Pawloski, 2012b). Review of the Norbo site is complicated because the test first exhibited subsurface collapse, which was not unusual, but it then collapsed to the surface over one year later, which was unusual. Of particular interest is the stability of the ground surface above the Norbo detonation point. Proposed methods for on-site verification include radiological signatures, artifacts from nuclear testing activities, and imaging to identify alteration to the subsurface hydrogeology due to the nuclear detonation. Aviva Sussman from the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has also proposed work at this site. Both proposals require physical access at or near the ground surface of specific underground nuclear test locations at the Nevada Nuclear Security Site (NNSS), formerly the Nevada Test Site (NTS), and focus on possible activities such as visual observation, multispectral measurements, and shallow and deep geophysical surveys.
Pawloski, G A
Visual Sample Plan (VSP) Statistical Software as Related to the CTBTO�s On-Site Inspection Procedure
In the event of a potential nuclear weapons test the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) is commissioned to conduct an on-site investigation (OSI) of the suspected test site in an effort to find confirmatory evidence of the nuclear test. The OSI activities include collecting air, surface soil, and underground samples to search for indications of a nuclear weapons test - these indicators include radionuclides and radioactive isotopes Ar and Xe. This report investigates the capability of the Visual Sample Plan (VSP) software to contribute to the sampling activities of the CTBTO during an OSI. VSP is a statistical sampling design software, constructed under data quality objectives, which has been adapted for environmental remediation and contamination detection problems for the EPA, US Army, DoD and DHS among others. This report provides discussion of a number of VSP sample designs, which may be pertinent to the work undertaken during an OSI. Examples and descriptions of such designs include hot spot sampling, combined random and judgment sampling, multiple increment sampling, radiological transect surveying, and a brief description of other potentially applicable sampling methods. Further, this work highlights a potential need for the use of statistically based sample designs in OSI activities. The use of such designs may enable canvassing a sample area without full sampling, provide a measure of confidence that radionuclides are not present, and allow investigators to refocus resources in other areas of concern.
Pulsipher, Trenton C.; Walsh, Stephen J.; Pulsipher, Brent A.; Milbrath, Brian D.
Eisenhower and arms control, 1953-1961: a balance of risks
The purpose of this study is to explore the four phases in the formulation of arms control policy during the Eisenhower administration: (1) January 1953 to February 1955 was primarily devoted to determining whether arms control should be pursued at all before settling political disputes with the Soviet Union; (2) March 1955 to May 1956 involved a limited acceptance of arms control as an element of foreign policy, as well as a final shift away from the goal of disarmament and toward an emphasis on limited measures of control; (3) June 1956 until February 1958 was a time of searching for common ground on which to negotiate with the Soviets; and (4) the final phase, which began after the departure of the President's Special assistant for Disarmament, Harold Stassen, focused on the pursuit of a test ban agreement with the Soviets. This study concludes the following: contrary to traditional interpretations, arms control was pursued seriously prior to the Kennedy administration; Eisenhower was the key proponent of utilizing arms control as a vehicle for exploring an alternative to the policy of containment; and that there were three concerns that dominated his pursuit of arms control - the risk to alliance cohesion, the risk to the policy of negotiation from strength, and the risk inherent in an unverifiable treaty. Eisenhower's belief was that the risks of arms control had to be balanced against the risk inherent in the Cold War.
Appleby, C.A. Jr.
Stopping duct quacks: Longevity of residential duct sealants
Duct leakage has been identified as a major source of energy loss in residential buildings. Most duct leakage occurs at the connections to registers, plenums or branches in the duct system. At each of these connections a method of sealing the duct system is required. Typical sealing methods include tapes or mastics applied around the joints in the system. Field examinations of duct systems have shown that these seals tend to fail over time periods ranging from days to years. We have used several test methods over the last few years to evaluate the longevity of duct sealants when subjected to temperatures and pressures representative of those found in the field. Traditional cloth duct tapes have been found to significantly under-perform other sealants and have been banned from receiving duct tightness credits in California's energy code (California Energy Commission 1998). Our accelerated testing apparatus has been redesigned since its first usage for improved performance. The methodology is currently under consideration by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as a potential new test method. This report will summarize the set of measurements to date, review the status of the test apparatus and test method, and summarize the applications of these results to codes and standards.
Sherman, Max H.; Walker, Iain S.; Dickerhoff, Darryl J.
Data Quality Objectives for Tank Farms Waste Compatibility Program
There are 177 waste storage tanks containing over 210,000 m{sup 3} (55 million gal) of mixed waste at the Hanford Site. The River Protection Project (RPP) has adopted the data quality objective (DQO) process used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (EPA 1994a) and implemented by RPP internal procedure (Banning 1999a) to identify the information and data needed to address safety issues. This DQO document is based on several documents that provide the technical basis for inputs and decision/action levels used to develop the decision rules that evaluate the transfer of wastes. A number of these documents are presently in the process of being revised. This document will need to be revised if there are changes to the technical criteria in these supporting documents. This DQO process supports various documents, such as sampling and analysis plans and double-shell tank (DST) waste analysis plans. This document identifies the type, quality, and quantity of data needed to determine whether transfer of supernatant can be performed safely. The requirements in this document are designed to prevent the mixing of incompatible waste as defined in Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-303-040. Waste transfers which meet the requirements contained in this document and the Double-Shell Tank Waste Analysis Plan (Mulkey 1998) are considered to be compatible, and prevent the mixing of incompatible waste.
Proceedings of the 29th Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies
These proceedings contain papers prepared for the 29th Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, held 25-27 September, 2007 in Denver, Colorado. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Wetovsky, Marvin A. [Editor; Benson, Jody [Editor; Patterson, Eileen F. [Editor
New concepts for refrigerant leak detection and mixture measurement
Since the discovery that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) destroy the ozone layer, the need to reduce the release of these refrigerants into the environment has become critical. A total ban of ozone-depleting CFCs is expected within a few years, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and fluorocarbons (FCs) and their mixtures are expected to be used during a transition period. Several HFC and FC refrigerants are currently being considered as CFC substitutes. The electronic refrigerant leak detectors currently being considered as CFC substitutes. The electronic refrigerant leak detectors currently on the market were developed to detect CFCs and are not as sensitive to HFCs. Although incremental improvement can be made to these devices to detect HFCs, they often lead to increased false signals. Also, there is no simple device available to measure the composition of a refrigerant mixture. The authors present two new concepts to aid in the development of two portable instruments that can be used for HFC leak detection and for quantitative measurement of refrigerant mixture compositions. The development of simple, easy-to-use portable leak detectors and refrigerant mixture meters is essential to the wide use of alternative refrigerants in industry.
Chen, F.C.; Allman, S.L.; Chen, C.H.
International inspection activity impacts upon DOE safeguards requirements
The US has placed certain special nuclear materials declared excess to their strategic needs under international safeguards through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This Presidential initiative has obligated materials at several Department of Energy (DOE) facilities for these safeguards activities to demonstrate the willingness of the US to ban production or use of nuclear materials outside of international safeguards. However, IAEA inspection activities generally tend to be intrusive in nature and are not consistent with several domestic safeguards procedures implemented to reduce worker radiation exposures and increase the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of accounting for and storing of special nuclear materials. To help identify and provide workable solutions to these concerns, the Office of Safeguards and Security has conducted a program to determine possible changes to the DOE safeguards and security requirements designed to help facilities under international safeguards inspections more easily comply with domestic safeguards goals during international inspection activities. This paper will discuss the impact of international inspection activities on facility safeguards operations and departmental safeguards procedures and policies.
Zack, N.R. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Safeguards Systems Group; Crawford, D.W. [USDOE Office of Safeguards and Security, Washington, DC (United States)
Evaluation of Cavity Collapse and Surface Crater Formation at the Salut Underground Nuclear Test in U20ak, Nevada National Security Site, and the Impact of Stability of the Ground Surface
At the request of Jerry Sweeney, the LLNL Containment Program performed a review of nuclear test-related data for the Salut underground nuclear test in U20ak to assist in evaluating this legacy site as a test bed for application technologies for use in On-Site Inspections (OSI) under the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Review of the Salut site is complicated because the test experienced a subsurface, rather than surface, collapse. Of particular interest is the stability of the ground surface above the Salut detonation point. Proposed methods for on-site verification include radiological signatures, artifacts from nuclear testing activities, and imaging to identify alteration to the subsurface hydrogeologogy due to the nuclear detonation. Sweeney's proposal requires physical access at or near the ground surface of specific underground nuclear test locations at the Nevada Nuclear Test Site (NNSS, formerly the Nevada Test Site), and focuses on possible activities such as visual observation, multispectral measurements, and shallow, and deep geophysical surveys.
Infrasound Sensor Models and Evaluations
Sandia National Laboratories has continued to evaluate the performance of infrasound sensors that are candidates for use by the International Monitoring System (IMS) for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. The performance criteria against which these sensors are assessed are specified in ``Operational Manual for Infra-sound Monitoring and the International Exchange of Infrasound Data''. This presentation includes the results of efforts concerning two of these sensors: (1) Chaparral Physics Model 5; and (2) CEA MB2000. Sandia is working with Chaparral Physics in order to improve the capability of the Model 5 (a prototype sensor) to be calibrated and evaluated. With the assistance of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Sandia is also conducting tests to evaluate the performance of the CEA MB2000. Sensor models based on theoretical transfer functions and manufacturer specifications for these two devices have been developed. This presentation will feature the results of coherence-based data analysis of signals from a huddle test, utilizing several sensors of both types, in order to verify the sensor performance.
Executive Summary: Prepared by NGO Platform on Shipbreaking
The departure of the SS Norway (now SS Blue Lady, ex-France) from the port of Bremerhaven, Germany on May 23, 2005, triggered a continuing criminal offense that persists to this day, and dragged Germany into becoming a participant in violating international laws. Under the Basel Convention and its Basel Ban Amendment, and European Union law, Germany is prohibited from disposing of the SS Norway by exporting it to any country outside of the European Union and to country not members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 30 of the most industrialized nations in the world, without decontaminating the vessel of all the toxic wastes onboard. Bearing at least 1,200 tonnes of asbestos and an undetermined quantity of materials contaminated with the probable human carcinogen, polychlorinated biphenyls or PCBs, and other toxic wastes, the SS Norway poses a clear threat to human health and the environment in the Indian breaking yards where it is destined. Newly discovered evidence confirm that as far back as 2004, the owners of the SS Norway, Norwegian Cruise Lines (NCL) and its mother company, Star Cruises Ltd (SCL), made a determination to dispose of the vessel without disclosing this information to German authorities
Norwegian Cruise Lines
Impacts of Increased Access to Oil & Natural Gas Resources in the Lower 48 Federal Outer Continental Shelf (released in AEO2007)
This analysis was updated for AEO2009: Impact of Limitations on Access to Oil and Natural Gas Resources in the Federal Outer Continental ShelfThe OCS is estimated to contain substantial resources of crude oil and natural gas; however, some areas of the OCS are subject to drilling restrictions. With energy prices rising over the past several years, there has been increased interest in the development of more domestic oil and natural gas supply, including OCS resources. In the past, Federal efforts to encourage exploration and development activities in the deep waters of the OCS have been limited primarily to regulations that would reduce royalty payments by lease holders. More recently, the States of Alaska and Virginia have asked the Federal Government to consider leasing in areas off their coastlines that are off limits as a result of actions by the President or Congress. In response, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) of the U.S. Department of the Interior has included in its proposed 5-year leasing plan for 2007-2012 sales of one lease in the Mid-Atlantic area off the coastline of Virginia and two leases in the North Aleutian Basin area of Alaska. Development in both areas still would require lifting of the current ban on drilling.
The data dictionary: A view into the CTBT knowledge base
The data dictionary for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) knowledge base provides a comprehensive, current catalog of the projected contents of the knowledge base. It is written from a data definition view of the knowledge base and therefore organizes information in a fashion that allows logical storage within the computer. The data dictionary introduces two organization categories of data: the datatype, which is a broad, high-level category of data, and the dataset, which is a specific instance of a datatype. The knowledge base, and thus the data dictionary, consist of a fixed, relatively small number of datatypes, but new datasets are expected to be added on a regular basis. The data dictionary is a tangible result of the design effort for the knowledge base and is intended to be used by anyone who accesses the knowledge base for any purpose, such as populating the knowledge base with data, or accessing the data for use with automatic data processing (ADP) routines, or browsing through the data for verification purposes. For these two reasons, it is important to discuss the development of the data dictionary as well as to describe its contents to better understand its usefulness; that is the purpose of this paper.
Shepherd, E.R.; Keyser, R.G.; Armstrong, H.M. [and others
Bagless transfer at the Savannah River Site
With the end of the Cold War buildup, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex is shifting its focus from producing nuclear weapons to cleaning up, packaging, and storing excess materials and associated by-products. Old transfer and interim storage methods are now being reevaluated in the context of the recent long-term storage criteria. One of the methods used for the interim storage of plutonium/uranium products in the past involved the use of a bagout technique. In reviewing interim storage containers, it was found that the plastic bags used in this technique are not suitable for use inside long-term storage containers because they release gases that cause container pressurization and associated problems. As the DOE synthesized its long-term plutonium storage criteria, plastic bags and other organics were banned from use in future storage processes to prevent these types of problems. In response to these problems and the subsequent long-term storage criteria, the DOE sites began to pursue alternate material transferral methods.
Rogers, L.; Jones, R.H. [Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Aiken, SC (United States)
New Horizons and New Strategies in Arms Control
In the last ten years, since the break-up of the Soviet Union, remarkable progress in arms control and disarmament has occurred. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the completion of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and the Chemical Weapons Treaty (CWC) are indicative of the great strides made in the non- proliferation arena. Simultaneously, the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), the Conventional Forces Treaty in Europe (CFE), and the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties (START), all associated with US-Soviet Union (now Russia) relations have assisted in redefining European relations and the security landscape. Finally, it now appears that progress is in the offing in developing enhanced compliance measures for the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC). In sum, all of these achievements have set the stage for the next round of arms control activities, which may lead to a much broader, and perhaps more diffused multilateral agenda. In this new and somewhat unpredictable international setting, arms control and disarmament issues will require solutions that are both more creative and innovative than heretofore.
Brown, J. editor
Proceedings of the 28th Seismic Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies
These proceedings contain papers prepared for the 28th Seismic Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, held 19-21 September, 2006 in Orlando, Florida. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
NO 17 The Nuclear Debate in Pakistan
old nuclear trade ban on India by approving the Indo-US nuclear agreement. This nuclear deal has managed to end an era of nuclear trade restrictions and has opened the door for regulated proliferation. Also, the international non-proliferation system has accommodated a non-NPT state into the NPT regime. This is unprecedented and has resulted in a structural change in the international system. It is interesting to see how this deal is being viewed in Pakistan, and how the general debate on various nuclear treaties is unfolding in Pakistan. With Indian influence increasing in US policy circles, it should not be taken for granted that since Pakistan is a US ally in its war on terrorism, the latter will ignore the increasing Indian noise about the �instability � factor in the region and implicating Pakistan. Arguing that �Indian safety and success are strategic assets for the US � (Tellis 2005), India has carved out a strategic space for itself in the region, confirmed and sealed by this agreement.
Post Indo-us Deal; Rabia Akhtar
Proceedings of the 2010 Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies
These proceedings contain papers prepared for the Monitoring Research Review 2010: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, held 21-23 September, 2010 in Orlando, Florida,. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, National Science Foundation (NSF), Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Wetovsky, Marvin A. [Editor; Patterson, Eileen F. [Editor
Proceedings of the 2011 Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies
These proceedings contain papers prepared for the Monitoring Research Review 2011: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, held 13-15 September, 2011 in Tucson, Arizona. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), US Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), National Science Foundation (NSF), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States' capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Wetovsky, Marvin A. [Editor; Patterson, Eileen F. [Editor; Sandoval, Marisa N. [Editor
Proceedings of the Monterey Containment Symposium, Monterey, California, August 26-28, 1981. Volume 1
Since the Atmospheric Test Ban Treaty was signed in 1963, the United States has conducted all nuclear weapons tests underground. To meet US treaty responsibilities and to ensure public safety, the containment community must prevent any release of radioactive gases to the atmosphere. In the past two decades we have gained considerable insight into the scientific and engineering requirements for complete containment, but the papers and discussions at the Monterey Symposium indicate that a great deal remains to be done. Among papers included here, those dealing with mature topics will serve as reviews and introductions for new workers in the field. Others, representing first looks at new areas, contain more speculative material. Active research topics include propagation of stress waves in rocks, formation and decay of residual hoop stresses around a cavity, hydrofracture out of a cavity, formation of chimneys, and geologic and geophysical investigations of the Nevada Test Site. Selected papers are indexed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.
Hudson, B.C. [comp.] [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)] [comp.; Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Jones, E.M. [comp.] [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)] [comp.; Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Keller, C.E. [comp.] [Field Command (DNA), Kirtland Air Force Base, NM (United States)] [comp.; Field Command (DNA), Kirtland Air Force Base, NM (United States); Smith, C.W. [comp.] [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)] [comp.; Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Remarks re: Alaska resources conference
Alaska has an immense amount of natural gas buried beneath its North Slope. It is important to the nation's energy needs and to Alaska's need for a more diversified economy that this gas be marketed. Currently there is plenty of gas to meet America's energy needs. The lack of this one market does not foreclose the existence of other markets. A potential market lies in the Pacific Basin, in Asia. By passing legislation banning export of Alaska's North Slope oil, America has decided not to compete in Asia. These laws were passed not for the purpose of energy conservation, but to protect the status quo. The speaker stresses the need for America to decide to be competitive. That is how forces are brought together to build a gas pipeline across Alaska. Since the nine billion dollar oil pipeline was completed in 1977, more than that amount has been spent in construction, processing and drilling on the North Slope. That work has come in on time and under budget. A project is being planned that would make the 14.5 million tons of LNG available from Prudhoe Bay for export to Japan, Korea and Taiwan. The goal is to decide to do the project before starting the work.
Hickel, W.J.
Natural Gas Weekly Update
22, 2001 22, 2001 The spot price at the Henry Hub finished the week at $2.34 per MMBtu, or just 3 cents above its level the previous Friday. On the NYMEX, the futures contract for November delivery ended the week over a quarter of a dollar higher than the previous Friday, at $2.681 per MMBtu. Despite a brief 2-day cold snap, temperatures across the Lower 48 States were relatively mild. Although some unseasonably cooler temperatures were seen from the Gulf Coast into the Mid-continent, even there average temperatures for the week generally were 50 degrees or more. (See Temperature Map) (See Deviation Map) On October 12 the Coast Guard lifted the ban on liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers' use of Boston harbor to reach Distrigas of Massachusetts' import facility, helping to alleviate concerns about winter supply in New England. The spot price for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil fell by 10 percent on Tuesday, October 16, dropping to $20.05 per barrel. By Friday, WTI had recovered two thirds of the decrease, ending the week at $21.85 per barrel, or $3.77 per MMBtu.
Cisco Systems Funds "Whisker" Growth Research at the ALS
Cisco Systems Funds "Whisker" Growth Cisco Systems Funds "Whisker" Growth Research at the ALS Cisco Systems Funds "Whisker" Growth Research at the ALS Print Friday, 09 November 2012 10:06 Lead-free components have been increasingly used in electronics manufacturing since the European Union passed its 2003 Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS), which banned the use of certain hazardous materials in electrical and electronic equipment. To ensure the long-term reliability of mission-critical equipment such as networking hardware, a significant amount of research and development must be undertaken by the industry to ensure lead-free (Pb-free) metallurgies are sufficiently reliable. One of the unique reliability issues associated with electroplated Pb-free lead finishes [typically pure tin (Sn) or high-Sn alloys] is the growth of "whiskers," which is the spontaneous growth of long filament-like grains on the leads, or "legs," of electronic components. If the growth of these whiskers is not controlled, shorting between the lead can occur and thus cause system failures.
Routine inspection effort required for verification of a nuclear material production cutoff convention
On 27 September 1993, President Clinton proposed {open_quotes}... a multilateral convention prohibiting the production of highly enriched uranium or plutonium for nuclear explosives purposes or outside of international safeguards.{close_quotes} The UN General Assembly subsequently adopted a resolution recommending negotiation of a non-discriminatory, multilateral, and internationally and effectively verifiable treaty (hereinafter referred to as {open_quotes}the Cutoff Convention{close_quotes}) banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons. The matter is now on the agenda of the Conference on Disarmament, although not yet under negotiation. This accord would, in effect, place all fissile material (defined as highly enriched uranium and plutonium) produced after entry into force (EIF) of the accord under international safeguards. {open_quotes}Production{close_quotes} would mean separation of the material in question from radioactive fission products, as in spent fuel reprocessing, or enrichment of uranium above the 20% level, which defines highly enriched uranium (HEU). Facilities where such production could occur would be safeguarded to verify that either such production is not occurring or that all material produced at these facilities is maintained under safeguards.
Dougherty, D.; Fainberg, A.; Sanborn, J.; Allentuck, J.; Sun, C.
Proceedings of the 23rd Seismic Research Symposium: Worldwide Monitoring of Nuclear Explosions
These proceedings contain papers prepared for the 23rd Seismic Research Review: Worldwide Monitoring of Nuclear Explosions, held 2-5 October, 2001 in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. These papers represent the combined research related to ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and other invited sponsors. The scientific objectives of the research are to improve the United States capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions. The purpose of the meeting is to provide the sponsoring agencies, as well as potential users, an opportunity to review research accomplished during the preceding year and to discuss areas of investigation for the coming year. For the researchers, it provides a forum for the exchange of scientific information toward achieving program goals, and an opportunity to discuss results and future plans. Paper topics include: seismic regionalization and calibration; detection and location of sources; wave propagation from source to receiver; the nature of seismic sources, including mining practices; hydroacoustic, infrasound, and radionuclide methods; on-site inspection; and data processing.
Warren, N. Jill [Editor; Chavez, Francesca C. [Editor
Extreme Scale Computing to Secure the Nation
Since the dawn of modern electronic computing in the mid 1940's, U.S. national security programs have been dominant users of every new generation of high-performance computer. Indeed, the first general-purpose electronic computer, ENIAC (the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was used to calculate the expected explosive yield of early thermonuclear weapons designs. Even the U. S. numerical weather prediction program, another early application for high-performance computing, was initially funded jointly by sponsors that included the U.S. Air Force and Navy, agencies interested in accurate weather predictions to support U.S. military operations. For the decades of the cold war, national security requirements continued to drive the development of high performance computing (HPC), including advancement of the computing hardware and development of sophisticated simulation codes to support weapons and military aircraft design, numerical weather prediction as well as data-intensive applications such as cryptography and cybersecurity U.S. national security concerns continue to drive the development of high-performance computers and software in the U.S. and in fact, events following the end of the cold war have driven an increase in the growth rate of computer performance at the high-end of the market. This mainly derives from our nation's observance of a moratorium on underground nuclear testing beginning in 1992, followed by our voluntary adherence to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) beginning in 1995. The CTBT prohibits further underground nuclear tests, which in the past had been a key component of the nation's science-based program for assuring the reliability, performance and safety of U.S. nuclear weapons. In response to this change, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated the Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship (SBSS) program in response to the Fiscal Year 1994 National Defense Authorization Act, which requires, 'in the absence of nuclear testing, a progam to: (1) Support a focused, multifaceted program to increase the understanding of the enduring stockpile; (2) Predict, detect, and evaluate potential problems of the aging of the stockpile; (3) Refurbish and re-manufacture weapons and components, as required; and (4) Maintain the science and engineering institutions needed to support the nation's nuclear deterrent, now and in the future'. This program continues to fulfill its national security mission by adding significant new capabilities for producing scientific results through large-scale computational simulation coupled with careful experimentation, including sub-critical nuclear experiments permitted under the CTBT. To develop the computational science and the computational horsepower needed to support its mission, SBSS initiated the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative, later renamed the Advanced Simulation & Computing (ASC) program (sidebar: 'History of ASC Computing Program Computing Capability'). The modern 3D computational simulation capability of the ASC program supports the assessment and certification of the current nuclear stockpile through calibration with past underground test (UGT) data. While an impressive accomplishment, continued evolution of national security mission requirements will demand computing resources at a significantly greater scale than we have today. In particular, continued observance and potential Senate confirmation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) together with the U.S administration's promise for a significant reduction in the size of the stockpile and the inexorable aging and consequent refurbishment of the stockpile all demand increasing refinement of our computational simulation capabilities. Assessment of the present and future stockpile with increased confidence of the safety and reliability without reliance upon calibration with past or future test data is a long-term goal of the ASC program. This will be accomplished through significant increases in the scientific bases that underlie the computational tools. Computer codes must be de
Brown, D L; McGraw, J R; Johnson, J R; Frincke, D
The International Scientific Studies project (ISS) was initiated in early 2008 with the objective of creating a series of activities aimed at application of modern scientific methods to improve the efficiency of analysis and the quality of verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). The ISS On-Site Inspection (OSI) Invited Meeting convened on March 24, 2009 with the objectives of gaining a better understanding of the phenomenology of underground nuclear explosions (UNE) for OSI purposes and to identify areas of interest to OSI that could benefit significantly from contributions by the general scientific community. Fifteen invited experts from four countries, along with fifteen members of the OSI Division of the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) met for four days at the Vienna International Center in an informal setting to discuss the application of observational methods, geophysical techniques, radionuclide measurement methods, environmental sampling methods, drilling techniques, and information management in the context UNE phenomena and OSI implementation. The meeting began with the identification and description of two general OSI scenarios, a vertical borehole emplacement and a horizontal tunnel emplacement, that serve as general examples of past UNE testing activities that can be used as a reference to identify UNE phenomena relevant for OSI observations. A significant portion of the first day of the meeting was spent in the description of the details of these scenarios and their implications for OSI observables. This discussion then served as a foundation for the discussions of the following three days in which OSI methods and technologies were evaluated in the context of UNE phenomenology and signatures. The methods and technologies discussed included visual observation from air and ground, radiation detection from the air, ground, and subsurface, ground-based and airborne geophysical observations and analysis, collection strategies for air, water, and solid samples, drilling concepts, and aspects of data fusion, information management, and modeling and simulation. The informal setting of the meeting provided a 'brainstorming' atmosphere and participation was excellent. One important aspect of this particular group was the very wide breadth of experience and expertise represented, ranging from those sharing their knowledge of UNE testing practice, radiological measurements and sampling, and knowledge of the underground effects of UNEs, to those with extensive experience in scientific and commercial geophysical measurements and surveys, to others with rich experience gained from several OSI field exercises, including the recent OSI Integrated Field Exercise in held in Kazakhstan in September 2008. During the workshop a number of topic areas relevant to OSI, explained in the list below, were identified that will benefit from collaboration with the international scientific community. Most of the topics represent the potential for studies of long-term interest, but some topics were identified that could be addressed, either by workshop participants or others known to the participants, that could be included as abstracts for submission to the ISS meeting taking place in June 2009. Items with topics that could be covered in the June meeting are annotated in the list. The meeting ended with the general understanding that ISS will not be completed with the June 2009 Conference. Rather, the ISS is considered as a long term project sponsoring relevant ongoing international scientific initiatives to expand and improve the verification capabilities of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty.
Sweeney, J J
Lead-free solder technology transfer from ASE Americas
To safeguard the environmental friendliness of photovoltaics, the PV industry follows a proactive, long-term environmental strategy involving a life-of-cycle approach to prevent environmental damage by its processes and products from cradle to grave. Part of this strategy is to examine substituting lead-based solder on PV modules with other solder alloys. Lead is a toxic metal that, if ingested, can damage the brain, nervous system, liver and kidneys. Lead from solder in electronic products has been found to leach out from municipal waste landfills and municipal incinerator ash was found to be high in lead also because of disposed consumer electronics and batteries. Consequently, there is a movement in Europe and Japan to ban lead altogether from use in electronic products and to restrict the movement across geographical boundaries of waste containing lead. Photovoltaic modules may contain small amounts of regulated materials, which vary from one technology to another. Environmental regulations impact the cost and complexity of dealing with end-of-life PV modules. If they were classified as hazardous according to Federal or State criteria, then special requirements for material handling, disposal, record-keeping and reporting would escalate the cost of decommissioning the modules. Fthenakis showed that several of today's x-Si modules failed the US-EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) for potential leaching of Pb in landfills and also California's standard on Total Threshold Limit Concentration (TTLC) for Pb. Consequently, such modules may be classified as hazardous waste. He highlighted potential legislation in Europe and Japan which could ban or restrict the use of lead and the efforts of the printed-circuit industries in developing Pb-free solder technologies in response to such expected legislation. Japanese firms already have introduced electronic products with Pb-free solder, and one PV manufacturer in the US, ASE Americas has used a Pb-free solder exclusively in their modules since 1993. Finding a safe, reliable and cost-effective substitute for lead-containing solders is not easy. Tin/lead solder has been the standard solder technology for several decades and extensive knowledge has been gained on the practical and theoretical aspects of its use. The printed circuit and the electronics industries recently embarked on a multi-million-dollar R and D effort to develop such alternatives, focusing on material properties, manufacturing processes, cost of alloys and long-term availability and reliability. Fthenakis outlined such efforts and listed alternatives examined by the electronics industries. One of the most promising alternatives (for electronics) is the 96.5%Sn/3.5%Ag solder that ASE Americas developed and use. ASE Americas' research and independent field testing showed it is at least as reliable as the standard one. This solder is slightly more expensive than the regular Sn/Pb solder. However, to the audience gratification, Steel Heddle, a solder manufacturer, announced that they will absorb the incremental cost and will supply 96.5%Sn/3.5%Ag at the same price as the conventional Sn/Pb solder ribbon. Another issue is the low TTLC for Ag in California (i.e., 0.5 g / kg of module), but Fthenakis showed that the Sn/Ag solder will add less than 10% of this quantity (i.e., 0.05 g of Ag / kg of module). The major point made by Fthenakis was that alternatives exist that are both environmentally benign and cost-effective, and that the PV industry can only benefit by being proactive in switching to Pb-free materials, thereby exceeding the expectations of its supporters and averting potential future legislation.
Size-Resolved Particle Number and Volume Emission Factors for On-Road
Size-Resolved Particle Number and Volume Emission Factors for On-Road Size-Resolved Particle Number and Volume Emission Factors for On-Road Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles Title Size-Resolved Particle Number and Volume Emission Factors for On-Road Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2009 Authors Ban-Weiss, George, Melissa M. Lunden, Thomas W. Kirchstetter, and Robert A. Harley Journal Journal of Aerosol Science Keywords emission, motor vehicle, particle number, size distribution, tunnel Abstract Average particle number concentrations and size distributions from ~61 000 light-duty (LD) vehicles and ~2500 medium-duty (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) trucks were measured during the summer of 2006 in a San Francisco Bay area traffic tunnel. One of the traffic bores contained only LD vehicles, and the other contained mixed traffic, allowing pollutants to be apportioned between LD vehicles and diesel trucks. Particle number emission factors (particle diameter Dp > 3 nm) were found to be (3.9 ± 1.4) x 1014 and (3.3 ± 1.3) x 1015 # kg-1 fuel burned for LD vehicles and diesel trucks, respectively. Size distribution measurements showed that diesel trucks emitted at least an order of magnitude more particles for all measured sizes (10 < Dp < 290 nm) per unit mass of fuel burned. The relative importance of LD vehicles as a source of particles increased as Dp decreased. Comparing the results from this study to previous measurements at the same site showed that particle number emission factors have decreased for both LD vehicles and diesel trucks since 1997. Integrating size distributions with a volume weighting
Azimuthal variation of radiation of seismic energy from cast blasts
As part of a series of seismic experiments designed to improve the understanding of the impact of mining blasts on verifying a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, a sixteen station network of three-component seismic sensors were deployed around a large cast shot in the Black Thunder Mine. The seismic stations were placed, where possible, at a range of 2.5 kilometers with a constant inter-station spacing of 22.5 degrees. All of the data were recorded with the seismometers oriented such that the radial component pointed to the middle point of the approximately 2 kilometer long shot. High quality data were recorded at each station. Data were scaled to a range of 2.5 kilometers and the sum of the absolute value of the vertical, radial, and transverse channels computed. These observations were used to construct radiation patterns of the seismic energy propagating from the cast shot. It is obvious that cast shots do not radiate seismic energy isotropically. Most of the vertical motion occurs behind the highwall while radial and transverse components of motion are enhanced in directions parallel to the highwall. These findings have implications for local (0.1 to 15 kilometer range) and possibly for regional (100 to 2,000 kilometer range) seismic observations of cast blasting. Locally, it could be argued that peak particle velocities could be scaled not only by range but also by azimuthal direction from the shot. This result implies that long term planning of pit orientation relative to sensitive structures could mitigate problems with vibration levels from future blasting operations. Regionally, the local radiation pattern may be important in determining the magnitude of large scale cast blasts. Improving the transparency of mining operations to international seismic monitoring systems may be possible with similar considerations.
Pearson, D.C.; Stump, B.W. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Martin, R.L. [Thunder Basin Coal Co., Wright, WY (United States)
DOE program on seismic characterization for regions of interest to CTBT monitoring
The primary goal of the DOE programs on Geophysical Characterization of (1) the Middle East and North Africa (ME-NA) and (2) Southern Asia (SA) is to provide the Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFRAC) with the analytic tools and knowledge base to permit effective verification of Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) compliance in those regions. The program also aims at using these regionalizations as models for the development of a detailed prescription for seismic calibration and knowledge base compilation in areas where the US has had little or no previous monitoring experience. In any given region, the CTBT seismic monitoring system will depend heavily on a few key arrays and/or three-component stations, and it will be important to know as much as possible about the physical properties of the earth`s crust and upper mantle: (1) in the vicinity of these stations, (2) in areas of potential earthquake activity or commercial blasting in the region containing the stations, and (3) along the propagation path from the sources to the stations. To be able to discriminate between various source types, we will also need to know how well the various event characterization techniques perform when they are transported from one tectonic or geologic environment to another. The Department of Energy`s CMT R&D program plan (DOE, 1994), which includes the ME-NA and SA characterization programs, incorporates an iterative process that combines field experiments, computer modeling and data analysis for the development, testing, evaluation and modification of data processing algorithms as appropriate to achieve specific US monitoring objectives. This process will be applied to seismic event detection, location and identification.
Ryall, A.S. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Weaver, T.A. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
Mining industry and US government cooperative research: Lessons learned and benefits to mining industry
Since 1994, various mines in the US have cooperated with research scientists at the Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories to address issues related to verification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The CTBT requires that no country may conduct any nuclear explosion in the future. While the CTBT is a significant step toward reducing the global nuclear danger, verifying compliance with the treat requires that the monitoring system be able to detect, locate and identify much larger numbers of smaller amplitude seismic events than had been required previously. Large mining blasts conducted world-wide will be of sufficient amplitude to trigger the monitoring system at the lower threshold. It is therefore imperative that research into the range various blasting practices employed, the relationship of yield to seismic magnitude, and identification of anomalous blasting results be performed. This paper will describe a suite of experiments funded by the Department of Energy and conducted by the Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories in cooperation with the US mining industry. Observations of cast blasting, underground long wall generated coal bumps, stoping, and explosively induced collapse of room and pillar panels will be presented. Results of these dual use experiments which are of interest to the mining community will be discussed. These include (1) variation of amplitude of seismic energy at various azimuths from cast blasts, (2) identification of the extent of back failure following explosive removal of pillars, and (3) the use of single fired shots for calibration of the monitoring system. The wealth of information and discovery described in this paper is a direct result of mutual cooperation between the US Government and the US Mining Industry.
Pearson, D.C.; Stump, B.W.; Phillips, W.S. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Earth and Environmental Sciences Div.; Martin, R. [Thunder Basin Coal Co. (United States); Anderson, D.P. [Southern Methodist Univ., Dallas, TX (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences
The LANL/LLNL/AFTAC Black Thunder Coal Mine regional mine monitoring experiment
Cast blasting operations associated with near surface coal recovery provide relatively large explosive sources that generate regional seismograms of interest in monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This paper describes preliminary results of a series of experiments currently being conducted at the Black Thunder Coal Mine in northeast Wyoming as part of the DOE CTBT Research and Development Program. These experiments are intended to provide an integrated set of near-source and regional seismic data for the purposes of quantifying the coupling and source characterization of the explosions. The focus of this paper is on the types of data being recovered with some preliminary implications. The Black Thunder experiments are designed to assess three major questions: (1) how many mining explosions produce seismograms at regional distances that will have to be detected, located and ultimately identified by the National Data Center and what are the waveform characteristics of these particular mining explosions; (2) can discrimination techniques based on empirical studies be placed on a firm physical basis so that they can be applied to other regions where there is little monitoring experience; (3) can large scale chemical explosions (possibly mining explosions) be used to calibrate source and propagation path effects to regional stations, can source depth of burial and decoupling effects be studied in such a controlled environment? With these key questions in mind and given the cooperation of the Black Thunder Mine, a suite of experiments have been and are currently being conducted. This paper will describe the experiments and their relevance to CTBT issues.
Pearson, D.C.; Stump, B.W.; Baker, D.F.; Edwards, C.L.
Synergy of seismic, acoustic, and video signals in blast analysis
The range of mining applications from hard rock quarrying to coal exposure to mineral recovery leads to a great variety of blasting practices. A common characteristic of many of the sources is that they are detonated at or near the earth`s surface and thus can be recorded by camera or video. Although the primary interest is in the seismic waveforms that these blasts generate, the visual observations of the blasts provide important constraints that can be applied to the physical interpretation of the seismic source function. In particular, high speed images can provide information on detonation times of individuals charges, the timing and amount of mass movement during the blasting process and, in some instances, evidence of wave propagation away from the source. All of these characteristics can be valuable in interpreting the equivalent seismic source function for a set of mine explosions and quantifying the relative importance of the different processes. This paper documents work done at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and Southern Methodist University to take standard Hi-8 video of mine blasts, recover digital images from them, and combine them with ground motion records for interpretation. The steps in the data acquisition, processing, display, and interpretation are outlined. The authors conclude that the combination of video with seismic and acoustic signals can be a powerful diagnostic tool for the study of blasting techniques and seismology. A low cost system for generating similar diagnostics using consumer-grade video camera and direct-to-disk video hardware is proposed. Application is to verification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
Anderson, D.P. [Southern Methodist Univ., Dallas, TX (United States); Stump, B.W. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Weigand, J. [Vibronics Inc. (United States)
Blending Study of MgO-Based Separator Materials for Thermal Batteries
The development and testing of a new technique for blending of electrolyte-binder (separator) mixes for use in thermal batteries is described. The original method of blending such materials at Sandia involved liquid Freon TF' as a medium. The ban on the use of halogenated solvents throughout much of the Department of Energy complex required the development of an alternative liquid medium as a replacement. The use of liquid nitrogen (LN) was explored and developed into a viable quality process. For comparison, a limited number of dry-blending tests were also conducted using a Turbula mixer. The characterization of pellets made from LN-blended separators involved deformation properties at 530 C and electrolyte-leakage behavior at 400 or 500 C, as well as performance in single-cells and five-cell batteries under several loads. Stack-relaxation tests were also conducted using 10-cell batteries. One objective of this work was to observe if correlations could be obtained between the mechanical properties of the separators and the performance in single cells and batteries. Separators made using three different electrolytes were examined in this study. These included the LiCl-KCl eutectic, the all-Li LiCl-LiBr-LiF electrolyte, and the low-melting LiBr-KBr-LiF eutectic. The electrochemical performance of separator pellets made with LN-blended materials was compared to that for those made with Freon T P and, in some cases, those that were dry blended. A satisfactory replacement MgO (Marinco 'OL', now manufactured by Morton) was qualified as a replacement for the standard Maglite 'S' MgO that has been used for years but is no longer commercially available. The separator compositions with the new MgO were optimized and included in the blending and electrochemical characterization tests.
Modeling Collapse Chimney and Spall Zone Settlement as a Source of Post-Shot Subsidence Detected by Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry
Ground surface subsidence resulting from the March 1992 JUNCTION underground nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) imaged by satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) wholly occurred during a period of several months after the shot (Vincent et al., 1999) and after the main cavity collapse event. A significant portion of the subsidence associated with the small (less than 20 kt) GALENA and DIVIDER tests probably also occurred after the shots, although the deformation detected in these cases contains additional contributions from coseismic processes, since the radar scenes used to construct the deformation interferogram bracketed these two later events, The dimensions of the seas of subsidence resulting from all three events are too large to be solely accounted for by processes confined to the damage zone in the vicinity of the shot point or the collapse chimney. Rather, the subsidence closely corresponds to the span dimensions predicted by Patton's (1990) empirical relationship between spall radius and yield. This suggests that gravitational settlement of damaged rock within the spall zone is an important source of post-shot subsidence, in addition to settlement of the rubble within the collapse chimney. These observations illustrate the potential power of InSAR as a tool for Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) monitoring and on-site inspection in that the relatively broad ({approx} 100 m to 1 km) subsidence signatures resulting from small shots detonated at normal depths of burial (or even significantly overburied) are readily detectable within large geographical areas (100 km x 100 km) under favorable observing conditions. Furthermore, the present results demonstrate the flexibility of the technique in that the two routinely gathered satellite radar images used to construct the interferogram need not necessarily capture the event itself, but can cover a time period up to several months following the shot.
Foxwall, W.
from 11-14 November. Thousands of protesters took part in actions against the transport. As with previous transports, protests delayed the transport by several hours, although the massive police presence ensured that the transport eventually reached Gorleben. (577.5459) WISE Amsterdam � The idea behind transporting 12 Castor nuclear waste casks at the same time was essentially to save money. Instead of transporting 6 nuclear waste casks twice a year, the authorities decided to transport 12 casks once a year, so that the authorities �only � need to organize one massive police operation, involving around 15,000 police and border guards, per year. For the authorities, there are other advantages: �only � one international outcry per year about the repression that occurs during every transport, �only � once per year � this time conveniently after the elections � that the Gorleben transport highlights yet again the inconsistency of the consensus agreement on nuclear phaseout. And, of course, only �once � per year that protesters, despite being massively outnumbered by the police, succeed in blocking the transport, at least temporarily, in several places along its route. This time, the transport was blocked 11 times by non-violent direct actions at several locations on its route through Germany (1). The largest of these was when over 1,200 people sat down in the road for over 5 hours near Laase, on the final part of the waste convoy�s journey. And this time, police actions left 13 people seriously injured (2). Hundreds of people were arrested, of which at least 180 were detained in bad conditions for longer than German law permits (3). At one point, police took their time with processing documents � a trick to keep people detained for longer by delaying the work of the judges who needed to approve their detentions (4). The police even banned a head teacher from his own school when he pointed out that they did not have the correct papers to occupy his
Oxygen-enriched coincineration of MSW and sewage sludge: Final report
Federal regulations banning ocean dumping of sewage sludge coupled with stricter regulations on the disposal of sewage sludge in landfills have forced municipalities, especially those in the northeast United States, to consider alternate methods for disposal of this solid waste. Coincineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sludge has proven to be economically attractive for both Europe and Japan, but has not yet proven to be a viable sludge disposal technology in the United States because of a history of operational problems in existing facilities. The most prevalent problem in coincinerating MSW and a dewatered sewage sludge (15 to 25% solids) is incomplete sludge combustion. Incomplete sludge combustion is primarily a function of sludge particle size, occurring when the surface of the sludge particle dries and hardens, while the inner mass is unaffected. This phenomenon is commonly referred to in the industry as the {open_quotes}hamburger effect.{close_quotes} In an effort to promote technology development in this area, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. teamed with the US Department of Energy (DOE) through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate a new process being developed for the disposal of a dewatered sewage sludge, {open_quotes}Oxygen-Enriched Coincineration of MSW and Sewage Sludge.{close_quotes} This report provides a comprehensive summary of the pilot demonstration test program for oxygen-enriched coincineration of MSW and sewage sludge. This report describes the pilot test facility, instrumentation, and methods of data collection and data analyses; describes how the tests were executed; and discusses the test results. Recommendations for the future development of this technology in the current marketplace are also provided.
Final Long-Term Management and Storage of Elemental Mercury Environmental Impact Statement Volume 2
Pursuant to the Mercury Export Ban Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-414), DOE was directed to designate a facility or facilities for the long-term management and storage of elemental mercury generated within the United States. Therefore, DOE has analyzed the storage of up to 10,000 metric tons (11,000 tons) of elemental mercury in a facility(ies) constructed and operated in accordance with the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (74 FR 31723). DOE prepared this Final Mercury Storage EIS in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) implementing regulations (40 CFR 1500�1508), and DOE�s NEPA implementing procedures (10 CFR 1021) to evaluate reasonable alternatives for a facility(ies) for the long-term management and storage of elemental mercury. This Final Mercury Storage EIS analyzes the potential environmental, human health, and socioeconomic impacts of elemental mercury storage at seven candidate locations: Grand Junction Disposal Site near Grand Junction, Colorado; Hanford Site near Richland, Washington; Hawthorne Army Depot near Hawthorne, Nevada; Idaho National Laboratory near Idaho Falls, Idaho; Kansas City Plant in Kansas City, Missouri; Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina; and Waste Control Specialists, LLC, site near Andrews, Texas. As required by CEQ NEPA regulations, the No Action Alternative was also analyzed as a basis for comparison. DOE intends to decide (1) where to locate the elemental mercury storage facility(ies) and (2) whether to use existing buildings, new buildings, or a combination of existing and new buildings. DOE�s Preferred Alternative for the long-term management and storage of mercury is the Waste Control Specialists, LLC, site near Andrews, Texas.
Final Long-Term Management and Storage of Elemental Mercury Environmental Impact Statement Summary and Guide for Stakeholders
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: oil field or wilderness
The second session of the 100th Congress will see continued debate over the prospect of oil and gas drilling on a 19-million-acre expanse of mountains and tundra known as the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). The arctic refuge, most of which lies above the Arctic Circle, is larger than any refuges in the lower 48 states. Because of its size, the area supports a broad range of linked ecosystems. Of particular concern is the 1.5-million-acre coastal plain, which may be targeted for development. The coastal plain provides a home, at least part of the year, to Alaska's porcupine caribou. The coastal plain also supports many other forms of wildlife-including the wolf, arctic fox, brown bear, polar bear, and arctic peregrine falcon, which is listed as a threatened species. The potential effects of drilling projects extend beyond loss of wildlife; they include desecration of the land itself. Although few members of Congress deny the value of protecting the amazing variety of life on the coastal plain, some insist that limited drilling could be conducted without destroying crucial habitat. Last July, the department tentatively divided some of the targeted lands among native corporations in preparation for leasing to oil companies. In response to what was felt to be an attempt to overstep congressional authority, the House passed HR 2629, banning this kind of land deal without congressional approval. In essence, the measure reiterated congressional authority provided by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) of 1980. This act mandated the study of environmental threats and oil potential by the Department of Interior, while putting the ANWR coastal plain off-limits to development without an explicit congressional directive.
Spitler, A.
The feasibility of ethanol production in Texas
Agricultural interests across Texas are looking at the possibility of an ethanol industry in Texas. Continued conflict in the Middle East, the ban of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in California, and low commodity prices have all lead to increased interest in ethanol throughout the state of Texas. There have been several ethanol feasibility studies conducted. Most studies have been focused in other states, and only one incorporated risk on input and output prices. Very little research has been done in Texas. Previous studies are typically for a generic location and only looked at ethanol production from corn. This study looks at four different plant sizes in three different regions using corn and grain sorghum. This study incorporates risk on input prices (corn, grain sorghum, natural gas, and electricity) and the output prices of ethanol and dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). The regions that were analyzed in the study are the Texas Panhandle, the Central Texas region, and the Southeast Texas region. The results indicate that the only plants expected to generate a positive net present value (NPV) were the larger grain sorghum based plants in the Texas Panhandle. The smaller sorghum based plants in the Panhandle did not have a positive NPV. The only other plants that were close to having a positive net present value were the grain sorghum plants in the Central Texas Region. Sorghum in the Southeast Texas Region was not feasible. Using corn as the feedstock was not as feasible in any region. The results of a sensitivity analysis show that a small increase in the net income in the form of increased revenue or reduced costs would make all the plants profitable.
Herbst, Brian Keith
PCB spill response and notification requirements
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic chemicals that had become widely used in industrial applications due to their practical physical and chemical properties. Historical uses of PCBs include dielectric fluids (used in utility transformers, capacitors, etc.), hydraulic fluids, and other applications requiring stable, fire-retardant materials. Due to findings that PCBs may cause adverse health effects and due to their persistence and accumulation in the environment. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), enacted on october 11, 1976, banned the manufacture of PCBs after 1978 [Section 6(e)]. The first PCB regulations, promulgated at 40 CFR Part 761, were finalized on February 17, 1978. These PCB regulations include requirements specifying disposal methods and marking (labeling) procedures, and controlling PCB use. To assist the Department of Energy (DOE) in its efforts to comply with the TSCA statute and implementing regulations, the Office of Environmental Guidance has prepared the document ``Guidance on the Management of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).`` That document explains the requirements specified in the statute and regulations for managing PCBs including PCB use, storage, transport, and disposal. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established regulations at 40 CFR 761 Subpart G for the reporting and cleanup of spills resulting from the release of any quantity of material containing PCBs at concentrations of {ge} 50 ppm. The regulations, known collectively as the TSCA Spill Cleanup Policy, contain requirements for the notification, cleanup, decontamination verification, and recordkeeping of PCB spills. This Information Brief supplements the PCB guidance document by responding to common questions concerning PCB spill response and notification requirements. It is one of a series of Information Briefs pertinent to PCB management issues.
Inspection games in arms control
An inspection game is a mathematical model of a situation in which an inspector verifies the adherence of an inspectee to some legal obligation, such as an arms control treaty, where the inspectee may have an interest in violating that obligation. The mathematical analysis seeks to determine an optimal inspection scheme, ideally one which will induce legal behavior, under the assumption that the potential illegal action is carried out strategically; thus a non-cooperative game with two players, inspector and inspectee, is defined. Three phases of development in the application of such models to arms control and disarmament may be identified. In the first of these, roughly from 1961 through 1968, studies that focused on inspecting a nuclear test ban treaty emphasized game theory, with less consideration given to statistical aspects associated with data acquisition and measurement uncertainty. The second phase, from 1968 to about 1985, involves work stimulated by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Here, the verification principle of material accountancy came to the fore, along with the need to include the formalism of statistical decision theory within the inspection models. The third phase, 1985 to the present, has been dominated by challenges posed by such far-reaching verification agreements as the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Agreement (1NF), the Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), as well as perceived failures of the NPT system in Iraq and North Korea. In this connection, the interface between the political and technical aspects of verification is being examined from the game-theoretic viewpoint.
Rudolf Avenhaus; Morton Canty; D. Marc Kilgour; Bernhard Von Stengel; Shmuel Zamir
Final Long-Term Management and Storage of Elemental Mercury Environmental Impact Statement Volume1
Pursuant to the Mercury Export Ban Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-414), DOE was directed to designate a facility or facilities for the long-term management and storage of elemental mercury generated within the United States. Therefore, DOE has analyzed the storage of up to 10,000 metric tons (11,000 tons) of elemental mercury in a facility(ies) constructed and operated in accordance with the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (74 FR 31723).DOE prepared this Final Mercury Storage EIS in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) implementing regulations (40 CFR 1500�1508), and DOE�s NEPA implementing procedures (10 CFR 1021) to evaluate reasonable alternatives for a facility(ies) for the long-term management and storage of elemental mercury. This Final Mercury Storage EIS analyzes the potential environmental, human health, and socioeconomic impacts of elemental mercury storage at seven candidate locations:Grand Junction Disposal Site near Grand Junction, Colorado; Hanford Site near Richland, Washington; Hawthorne Army Depot near Hawthorne, Nevada; Idaho National Laboratory near Idaho Falls, Idaho;Kansas City Plant in Kansas City, Missouri; Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina; and Waste Control Specialists, LLC, site near Andrews, Texas. As required by CEQ NEPA regulations, the No Action Alternative was also analyzed as a basis for comparison. DOE intends to decide (1) where to locate the elemental mercury storage facility(ies) and (2) whether to use existing buildings, new buildings, or a combination of existing and new buildings. DOE�s Preferred Alternative for the long-term management and storage of mercury is the Waste Control Specialists, LLC, site near Andrews, Texas.
CTBT technical issues handbook
The purpose of this handbook is to give the nonspecialist in nuclear explosion physics and nuclear test monitoring an introduction to the topic as it pertains to a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The authors have tried to make the handbook visually oriented, with figures paired to short discussions. As such, the handbook may be read straight through or in sections. The handbook covers four main areas and ends with a glossary, which includes both scientific terms and acronyms likely to be encountered during CTBT negotiations. The following topics are covered: (1) Physics of nuclear explosion experiments. This is a description of basic nuclear physics and elementary nuclear weapon design. Also discussed are testing practices. (2) Other nuclear experiments. This section discusses experiments that produce small amounts of nuclear energy but differ from explosion experiments discussed in the first chapter. This includes the type of activities, such as laser fusion, that would continue after a CTBT is in force. (3) Monitoring tests in various environments. This section describes the different physical environments in which a test could be conducted (underground, in the atmosphere, in space, underwater, and in the laboratory); the sources of non-nuclear events (such as earthquakes and mining operations); and the opportunities for evasion. (4) On-site inspections. A CTBT is likely to include these inspections as an element of the verification provisions, in order to resolve the nature of ambiguous events. This chapter describes some technical considerations and technologies that are likely to be useful. (5) Selecting verification measures. This chapter discusses the uncertain nature of the evidence from monitoring systems and how compliance judgments could be made, taking the uncertainties into account. It also discusses how to allocate monitoring resources, given the likelihood of testing by various countries in various environments.
Zucca, J.J. [ed.
Solubilization of wellbore filtercakes formed from drill-in fluids
Research was performed to study the degradation of filtercakes formed by water-based drill-in fluids (DIF), primarily sized-salt (SS) and sized-calcium carbonate (SCC) DIFs. The experiments to degrade DIF filtercakes varied temperature (43?C to 71?C), drilling solids concentration (2% to 6%), and acid concentration (1.6% to 7.4%). The objective of these tests was to predict with fundamental kinetic relationships the time necessary to degrade the filtercakes. Water-based DIF filtercakes have shown promising results in determining degradation and reaction rates when exposed to hydrochloric acid treatments. Using a ceramic disk apparatus, static experiments were performed to determine the time needed for acid breakthrough and to measure polymer degradation. Further polymer degradation testing involved a well-mixed reactor. Reaction rates were estimated by using a modified chromotropic acid assay (CTA) to measure biological polymer content in conjunction with first-order kinetic equations. Experiments showed that polymer content is critical for acid cleanup fluid to penetrate filtercakes. At least 75% of polymer content in filtercakes must be degraded for breakthrough to occur. For faster acid breakthrough times, high temperature and acid concentration in combination with low drilling solids content are necessary. Comparing static systems and well-mixed systems demonstrate a considerable difference in reaction rates. The variance is caused by diffusional limitations inherent in the static system. Pulsing of acid fluid is recommended for treatment purposes so that diffusion is not a limiting factor in filtercake degradation. Using the calculated activation energy and preexponential factors, charts were created for prediction of polymer degradation in well-mixed systems. Acetone was studied as a solvent for synthetic oil-based DIFs. Concentrations of over 88% acetone in water solubilize the organic phase of synthetic oil-based DIFs. However, current bans on synthetic oil-based DIFs ceased research and directed experiments toward water-based-DIFs.
Jepson, Richard Kendall
Electricity production and cooling energy savings from installation of a
production and cooling energy savings from installation of a production and cooling energy savings from installation of a building-integrated photovoltaic roof on an office building Title Electricity production and cooling energy savings from installation of a building-integrated photovoltaic roof on an office building Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2013 Authors Ban-Weiss, George, Craig P. Wray, William W. Delp, Peter Ly, Hashem Akbari, and Ronnen M. Levinson Journal Energy and Buildings Volume 56 Pagination 210 - 220 ISSN 0378-7788 Keywords Advanced Technology Demonstration, building design, Building heat transfer, cool roof, energy efficiency, Energy Performance of Buildings, energy savings, Energy Usage, energy use, Heat Island Abstract Reflective roofs can reduce demand for air conditioning and warming of the atmosphere. Roofs can also host photovoltaic (PV) modules that convert sunlight to electricity. In this study we assess the effects of installing a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roof on an office building in Yuma, AZ. The system consists of thin film PV laminated to a white membrane, which lies above a layer of insulation. The solar absorptance of the roof decreased to 0.38 from 0.75 after installation of the BIPV, lowering summertime daily mean roof upper surface temperatures by about 5 °C. Summertime daily heat influx through the roof deck fell to ±0.1 kWh/m2from 0.3-1.0 kWh/m2. However, summertime daily heat flux from the ventilated attic into the conditioned space was minimally affected by the BIPV, suggesting that the roof was decoupled from the conditioned space. Daily PV energy production was about 25% of building electrical energy use in the summer. For this building the primary benefit of the BIPV appeared to be its capacity to generate electricity and not its ability to reduce heat flows into the building. Building energy simulations were used to estimate the cooling energy savings and heating energy penalties for more typical buildings.
The central issue addressed by this workshop was the task of making the on-site inspection (OSI) part of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification system operationally ready at entry into force of the Treaty. It is recognized, and this was emphasized by the 2008 OSI Integrated Field Exercise (IFE), that it is not possible to develop every part of the OSI regime simultaneously. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the approach to OSI readiness. The reviews of the IFE have pointed to many elements of OSI readiness that still need development. The objective of this workshop was to provide priorities for the path forward for Working Group B to consider. Several critical areas have been identified that are related to the development of OSI readiness: (1) Technology development: Priorities are radionuclide and noble gas sampling and analysis, visual observation, multispectral/infrared imaging methods, active seismic methods and the recognition of the importance of signatures. (2) Organizational development: Priorities are health and safety, the Operations Support Centre, the Equipment Storage and Maintenance Facility, information technology data flow and communications. (3) Resources: The expertise to develop key parts of the OSI regime is not available within the current OSI Division staff. To develop these aspects of the regime will require more staff or supplements to the staff with cost-free experts or other means. Aspects of the system that could benefit from more staff include radionuclide and noble gas detection methods, data flow and communications, visual observation, multispectral/infrared methods and health and safety. As the path forward, participants of this workshop recognized a need to optimize the development of OSI priorities. The outcome of this workshop is to suggest for consideration an operational approach to OSI readiness that utilizes results of an evaluation of the relative effectiveness of OSI elements versus their relative maturity. By integrating such an assessment with considerations of integrated operational capabilities and the anticipated level of inspection team self-sufficiency and measurable milestone criteria, a set of priorities for OSI development can be developed. Once these priorities have been established, the Policy Making Organs can decide upon the milestones, strategic plan and action plan to serve as guidance for implementation by the Provisional Technical Secretariat. The suggested operational approach is as follows: (1) Assess the relative effectiveness (importance) of OSI elements versus their relative maturity; (2) Determine the anticipated level of self-sufficiency; (3) Define measurable milestone criteria; and (4) Result: Milestones for OSI readiness.
Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPS) have been chosen as part of Chile's national energy efficiency action plan. As a first MEPS, the Ministry of Energy has decided to focus on a regulation for lighting that would ban the sale of inefficient bulbs, effectively phasing out the use of incandescent lamps. Following major economies such as the US (EISA, 2007) , the EU (Ecodesign, 2009) and Australia (AS/NZS, 2008) who planned a phase out based on minimum efficacy requirements, the Ministry of Energy has undertaken the impact analysis of a MEPS on the residential lighting sector. Fundacion Chile (FC) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) collaborated with the Ministry of Energy and the National Energy Efficiency Program (Programa Pais de Eficiencia Energetica, or PPEE) in order to produce a techno-economic analysis of this future policy measure. LBNL has developed for CLASP (CLASP, 2007) a spreadsheet tool called the Policy Analysis Modeling System (PAMS) that allows for evaluation of costs and benefits at the consumer level but also a wide range of impacts at the national level, such as energy savings, net present value of savings, greenhouse gas (CO2) emission reductions and avoided capacity generation due to a specific policy. Because historically Chile has followed European schemes in energy efficiency programs (test procedures, labelling program definitions), we take the Ecodesign commission regulation No 244/2009 as a starting point when defining our phase out program, which means a tiered phase out based on minimum efficacy per lumen category. The following data were collected in order to perform the techno-economic analysis: (1) Retail prices, efficiency and wattage category in the current market, (2) Usage data (hours of lamp use per day), and (3) Stock data, penetration of efficient lamps in the market. Using these data, PAMS calculates the costs and benefits of efficiency standards from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) The Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) calculation examines costs and benefits from the perspective of the individual household; and (2) The National Perspective projects the total national costs and benefits including both financial benefits, and energy savings and environmental benefits. The national perspective calculations are called the National Energy Savings (NES) and the Net Present Value (NPV) calculations. PAMS also calculate total emission mitigation and avoided generation capacity. This paper describes the data and methodology used in PAMS and presents the results of the proposed phase out of incandescent bulbs in Chile.
Letschert, Virginie E.; McNeil, Michael A.; Leiva Ibanez, Francisco Humberto; Ruiz, Ana Maria; Pavon, Mariana; Hall, Stephen
Using multicast in the global communications infrastructure for group communication
International Monitoring System (IMS) stations and the International Data Centre (IDC) of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization generate data and products that must be transmitted to one or more receivers. The application protocols used to transmit the IMS data and IDC products will be CD-x and IMS-x and the World Wide Web (WWW). These protocols use existing Internet applications and Internet protocols to send their data. The primary Internet applications in use are electronic mail (e-mail) and the file transfer protocol (ftp). The primary Internet communication protocol in use is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which provides reliable delivery to the receiver. These Internet applications and protocol provide unicast (point-to-point) communication. A message sent using unicast has a single recipient; any message intended for more than one recipient must be sent to each recipient individually. In the current design, the IDC and the National Data Centres (NDC's) provide data forwarding to the appropriate receivers. The overhead associated with using unicast to transmit messages to multiple receivers either directly or through a forwarder increases linearly with the number of receivers. In addition, using a forwarding site introduces possible delays and possible points of failure in the path to the receivers. Reliable multicast provides communication services similar to TCP but for a group of receivers. The reliable multicast protocol provides group membership services and message delivery ordering. If an IMS station were to send its data using reliable multicast instead of unicast, only sites that are members of the multicast group would receive the data at approximately the same time. This might provide an efficient means of disseminating station data or IDC data products to all receivers and eliminate or greatly reduce the need for data forwarding. Several commercial and research reliable multicast protocols exist for the Internet. Each of these protocols is designed to serve a specific community of users and applications. The author has undertaken a study to determine if reliable multicasting is appropriate for use in the Global Communication Infrastructure (GCI).
Agarwal, Deborah A.
Use of open source information and commercial satellite imagery for nuclear nonproliferation regime compliance verification by a community of academics
The proliferation of nuclear weapons is a great threat to world peace and stability. The question of strengthening the nonproliferation regime has been open for a long period of time. In 1997 the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Board of Governors (BOG) adopted the Additional Safeguards Protocol. The purpose of the protocol is to enhance the IAEA�s ability to detect undeclared production of fissile materials in member states. However, the IAEA does not always have sufficient human and financial resources to accomplish this task. Developed here is a concept for making use of human and technical resources available in academia that could be used to enhance the IAEA�s mission. The objective of this research was to study the feasibility of an academic community using commercially or publicly available sources of information and products for the purpose of detecting covert facilities and activities intended for the unlawful acquisition of fissile materials or production of nuclear weapons. In this study, the availability and use of commercial satellite imagery systems, commercial computer codes for satellite imagery analysis, Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)verification International Monitoring System (IMS), publicly available information sources such as watchdog groups and press reports, and Customs Services information were explored. A system for integrating these data sources to form conclusions was also developed. The results proved that publicly and commercially available sources of information and data analysis can be a powerful tool in tracking violations in the international nuclear nonproliferation regime and a framework for implementing these tools in academic community was developed. As a result of this study a formation of an International Nonproliferation Monitoring Academic Community (INMAC) is proposed. This would be an independent organization consisting of academics (faculty, staff and students) from both nuclear weapon states (NWS) and non-nuclear weapon states (NNWS). This community analyzes all types of unclassified publicly and commercially available information to aid in detection of violations of the non-proliferation regime. INMAC shares all of this information with the IAEA and the public. Since INMAC is composed solely by members of the academic community, this organization would not demonstrate any biases in its investigations or reporting.
Solodov, Alexander
Examination of the role of nuclear deterrence in the 21st century: a systems analysis approach
Until very recently, an evaluation of US policy regarding deterrence and the role of its nuclear weapons arsenal as a deterrent has been largely absent in the public debate. With President's Obama embrace of a goal of a future world without nuclear weapons, issues of nuclear policy and deterrence have just recently risen to the forefront of policy discussions. The traditional role of US nuclear weapons-to deter the use of nuclear weapons by other states-endures, but is no longer unique nor even predominant. In an increasingly multi-polar world, the US now faces growing risks of nuclear weapons proliferation; the spread of weapons of mass destruction generally to non-state, substate and transnational actors; cyber, space, economic, environmental and resource threats along with the application of numerous other forms of 'soft power' in ways that are inimical to national security and to global stability. What concept of deterrence should the US seek to maintain in the 21st Century? That question remains fluid and central to the current debate. Recently there has been a renewed focusing of attention on the role of US nuclear weapons and a national discussion about what the underlying policy should be. In this environment, both the United States and Russia have committed to drastic reductions in their nuclear arsenals, while still maintaining forces sufficient to ensure unacceptable consequence in response to acts of aggression. Further, the declared nuclear powers have maintained that a limited nuclear arsenal continues to provide insurance against uncertain developments in a changing world. In this environment of US and Russian stockpile reductions, all declared nuclear states have reiterated the central role which nuclear weapons continue to provide for their supreme national security interests. Given this new environment and the challenges of the next several decades, how might the United States structure its policy and forces with regard to nuclear weapons? Many competing objectives have been stated across the spectrum of political, social, and military thought. These objectives include goals of ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, recommitment to further downsizing of the nuclear arsenal, embracing a long-term goal of the elimination of nuclear weapons, limitations on both the production complex and upgrades to nuclear weapons and delivery systems, and controls and constraints to limit proliferation of nuclear materials and weapons, particularly to rogue states and terrorist groups.
Martz, Joseph C [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Stevens, Patrice A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Branstetter, Linda [SNL; Hoover, Edward [SNL; O' Brien, Kevin [SNL; Slavin, Adam [SNL; Caswell, David [STANFORD UNIV
Monitoring and managing the harvest of tegu lizards in Paraguay
Two species of tegu lizards, the black-and-white tegu (Tupinambis merianae) and the red tegu (T. rufescens), are hunted for their skins to supply the exotic leather trade. Tegu lizards were among the most exploited reptiles in the world. During the 1980s, the annual harvest averaged 1.9 million skins, and current quotas for Argentina and Paraguay are 1 million and 300,000, respectively. Commercial trade in Tupinambis is legal in these countries, and management programs require monitoring the harvest. Skins are traded according to width: class 1 (>30 cm), class 2 (>25-29 cm), class 3 (<24 cm). Management guidelines consist of the national export quota, and a ban on commerce of class 3 skins, aimed at reducing the number of subadults harvested. I studied the tegu management and monitoring program in Paraguay. I recorded snout-vent length (SVL), width, sex, and species from skins measured at check stations and in tanneries from 1991 to 1998. Comparison among field sites and tanneries allowed me to evaluate efficiency of the management guidelines and analyze harvest trends. Analyses of 8 seasons of harvest data showed a statistically significant, but slight, increase in SVL, and an increase in the proportion of males harvested for both species. The sex ratio (M: F) of harvested black-and-white tegus and red tegus varied in different years, but was generally biased toward more males. Corresponding to the general increase in skin size, the proportion of subadults in the harvest decreased during the sampling period. For black-and-white tegus, skins < 24 cm wide occurred in a higher proportion at check stations than in tanneries, presumably due to re-stretching of the skins by middlemen. Results indicate that tegu lizards are withstanding the harvest in Paraguay. There is no indication of overharvest, and no indicators of population decline. However, more field studies are needed to obtain data on hunting effort, and to assess the impact of the harvest at regional levels. Recommendations to improve the management program include the creation of a special committee involving governmental and non-governmental agencies and organizations related to the tegu trade and conservation of renewable resources.
Mieres Romero, Maria Margarita
Seismic Characterization of Coal-Mining Seismicity in Utah for CTBT Monitoring
Underground coal mining (down to {approx}0.75 km depth) in the contiguous Wasatch Plateau (WP) and Book Cliffs (BC) mining districts of east-central Utah induces abundant seismicity that is monitored by the University of Utah regional seismic network. This report presents the results of a systematic characterization of mining seismicity (magnitude {le} 4.2) in the WP-BC region from January 1978 to June 2000-together with an evaluation of three seismic events (magnitude {le} 4.3) associated with underground trona mining in southwestern Wyoming during January-August 2000. (Unless specified otherwise, magnitude implies Richter local magnitude, M{sub L}.) The University of Utah Seismograph Stations (UUSS) undertook this cooperative project to assist the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in research and development relating to monitoring the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The project, which formally began February 28, 1998, and ended September 1, 2000, had three basic objectives: (1) Strategically install a three-component broadband digital seismic station in the WP-BC region to ensure the continuous recording of high-quality waveform data to meet the long-term needs of LLNL, UUSS, and other interested parties, including the international CTBT community. (2) Determine source mechanisms--to the extent that available source data and resources allowed--for comparative seismic characterization of stress release in mines versus earthquakes in the WP-BC study region. (3) Gather and report to LLNL local information on mine operations and associated seismicity, including ''ground truth'' for significant events. Following guidance from LLNL's Technical Representative, the focus of Objective 2 was changed slightly to place emphasis on three mining-related events that occurred in and near the study area after the original work plan had been made, thus posing new targets of opportunity. These included: a magnitude 3.8 shock that occurred close to the Willow Creek coal mine in the Book Cliffs area on February 5, 1998 (UTC date), just prior to the start of this project; a magnitude 4.2 shock on March 7,2000 (UTC date), in the same area as the February 5 event; and a magnitude 4.3 shock that occurred on January 30,2000 (UTC and local date), associated with a panel collapse at the Solvay trona mine in southwestern Wyoming. This is the same mine in which an earlier collapse event of magnitude 5.2 occurred in February 1995, attracting considerable attention from the CTBT community.
Arabasz, W J; Pechmann, J C
Disposal costs for liquid PCB radioactive waste are among the highest of any category of regulated waste. The high cost is driven by the fact that disposal options are extremely limited. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) regulations require most liquids with PCBs at concentration of {ge} 50 parts-per-million to be disposed by incineration or equivalent destructive treatment. Disposal fees can be as high as $200 per gallon. This figure does not include packaging and the cost to transport the waste to the disposal facility, or the waste generator's labor costs for managing the waste prior to shipment. Minimizing the generation of liquid radioactive PCB waste is therefore a significant waste management challenge. PCB spill cleanups often generate large volumes of waste. That is because the removal of PCBs typically requires the liberal use of industrial solvents followed by a thorough rinsing process. In a nuclear facility, the cleanup process may be complicated by the presence of radiation and other occupational hazards. Building design and construction features, e.g., the presence of open grating or trenches, may also complicate cleanup. In addition to the technical challenges associated with spill cleanup, selection of the appropriate regulatory requirements and approach may be challenging. The TSCA regulations include three different sections relating to the cleanup of PCB contamination or spills. EPA has also promulgated a separate guidance policy for fresh PCB spills that is published as Subpart G of 40 CFR 761 although it is not an actual regulation. Applicability is based on the circumstances of each contamination event or situation. Other laws or regulations may also apply. Identification of the allowable regulatory options is important. Effective communication with stakeholders, particularly regulators, is just as important. Depending on the regulatory path that is taken, cleanup may necessitate the generation of large quantities of regulated waste. Allowable options must be evaluated carefully in order to reduce compliance risks, protect personnel, limit potential negative impacts on facility operations, and minimize the generation of wastes subject to TSCA. This paper will identify critical factors in selecting the appropriate TSCA regulatory path in order to minimize the generation of radioactive PCB waste and reduce negative impacts to facilities. The importance of communicating pertinent technical issues with facility staff, regulatory personnel, and subsequently, the public, will be discussed. Key points will be illustrated by examples from five former production reactors at the DOE Savannah River Site. In these reactors a polyurethane sealant was used to seal piping penetrations in the biological shield walls. During the intense neutron bombardment that occurred during reactor operation, the sealant broke down into a thick, viscous material that seeped out of the piping penetrations over adjacent equipment and walls. Some of the walls were painted with a PCB product. PCBs from the paint migrated into the degraded sealant, creating PCB 'spill areas' in some of these facilities. The regulatory cleanup approach selected for each facility was based on its operational status, e.g., active, inactive or undergoing decommissioning. The selected strategies served to greatly minimize the generation of radioactive liquid PCB waste. It is expected that this information would be useful to other DOE sites, DOD facilities, and commercial nuclear facilities constructed prior to the 1979 TSCA ban on most manufacturing and uses of PCBs.
Lowry, N.
Investigation of CTBT OSI Radionuclide Techniques at the DILUTED WATERS Nuclear Test Site
Under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), a verification regime that includes the ability to conduct an On-Site Inspection (OSI) will be established. The Treaty allows for an OSI to include many techniques, including the radionuclide techniques of gamma radiation surveying and spectrometry and environmental sampling and analysis. Such radioactivity detection techniques can provide the �smoking gun� evidence that a nuclear test has occurred through the detection and quantification of indicative recent fission products. An OSI faces restrictions in time and manpower, as dictated by the Treaty; not to mention possible logistics difficulties due to the location and climate of the suspected explosion site. It is thus necessary to have a good understanding of the possible source term an OSI will encounter and the proper techniques that will be necessary for an effective OSI regime. One of the challenges during an OSI is to locate radioactive debris that has escaped an underground nuclear explosion (UNE) and settled on the surface near and downwind of ground zero. To support the understanding and selection of sampling and survey techniques for use in an OSI, we are currently designing an experiment, the Particulate Release Experiment (PRex), to simulate a small-scale vent from an underground nuclear explosion. PRex will occur at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The project is conducted under the National Center for Nuclear Security (NCNS) funded by the National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA). Prior to the release experiment, scheduled for Spring of 2013, the project scheduled a number of activities at the NNSS to prepare for the release experiment as well as to utilize the nuclear testing past of the NNSS for the development of OSI techniques for CTBT. One such activity�the focus of this report�was a survey and sampling campaign at the site of an old UNE that vented: DILUTED WATERS. Activities at DILUTED WATERS included vehicle-based survey, in situ measurements with high-purity germanium (HPGe) and hand-held LaBr3 systems, soil sampling with a variety of tools, and laboratory gamma spectrometric analysis of those samples. A further benefit of the measurement campaign was to gain familiarity with the many logistical aspects of performing radiological field work at NNSS ahead of the PRex. Many practical lessons concerning the proper methodologies and logistics of using the surveying and sampling equipment were noted. These Lessons Learned are compiled together in Appendix A. The vehicle-based survey was successful in that it found a previously unknown hotspot (determined to be 232Th) while it demonstrated that a better method for keeping a serpentine track without staking was needed. Some of the soil sampling equipment was found to be impractical for the application, though core sampling would not be the correct way to take soil samples for a fresh vent deposit (as opposed to an old site like DILUTED WATERS). Due to the site�s age, 137Cs was the only fission radioisotope identified, though others were searched for. While not enough samples were taken and analyzed to definitively link the 137Cs to DILUTED WATERS as opposed to other NNSS activities, results were consistent with the historical DILUTED WATERS plume. MDAs were compared for soil sampling and in situ measurements.
Baciak, James E.; Milbrath, Brian D.; Detwiler, Rebecca S.; Kirkham, Randy R.; Keillor, Martin E.; Lepel, Elwood A.; Seifert, Allen; Emer, Dudley; Floyd, Michael
OSI Passive Seismic Experiment at the Former Nevada Test Site
On-site inspection (OSI) is one of the four verification provisions of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Under the provisions of the CTBT, once the Treaty has entered into force, any signatory party can request an on-site inspection, which can then be carried out after approval (by majority voting) of the Executive Council. Once an OSI is approved, a team of 40 inspectors will be assembled to carry out an inspection to ''clarify whether a nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion has been carried out in violation of Article I''. One challenging aspect of carrying out an on-site inspection (OSI) in the case of a purported underground nuclear explosion is to detect and locate the underground effects of an explosion, which may include an explosion cavity, a zone of damaged rock, and/or a rubble zone associated with an underground collapsed cavity. The CTBT (Protocol, Section II part D, paragraph 69) prescribes several types of geophysical investigations that can be carried out for this purpose. One of the methods allowed by the CTBT for geophysical investigation is referred to in the Treaty Protocol as ''resonance seismometry''. This method, which was proposed and strongly promoted by Russia during the Treaty negotiations, is not described in the Treaty. Some clarification about the nature of the resonance method can be gained from OSI workshop presentations by Russian experts in the late 1990s. Our understanding is that resonance seismometry is a passive method that relies on seismic reverberations set up in an underground cavity by the passage of waves from regional and teleseismic sources. Only a few examples of the use of this method for detection of underground cavities have been presented, and those were done in cases where the existence and precise location of an underground cavity was known. As is the case with many of the geophysical methods allowed during an OSI under the Treaty, how resonance seismology really works and its effectiveness for OSI purposes has yet to be determined. For this experiment, we took a broad approach to the definition of ''resonance seismometry''; stretching it to include any means that employs passive seismic methods to infer the character of underground materials. In recent years there have been a number of advances in the use of correlation and noise analysis methods in seismology to obtain information about the subsurface. Our objective in this experiment was to use noise analysis and correlation analysis to evaluate these techniques for detecting and characterizing the underground damage zone from a nuclear explosion. The site that was chosen for the experiment was the Mackerel test in Area 4 of the former Nevada Test Site (now named the Nevada National Security Site, or NNSS). Mackerel was an underground nuclear test of less than 20 kT conducted in February of 1964 (DOENV-209-REV 15). The reason we chose this site is because there was a known apical cavity occurring at about 50 m depth above a rubble zone, and that the site had been investigated by the US Geological Survey with active seismic methods in 1965 (Watkins et al., 1967). Note that the time delay between detonation of the explosion (1964) and the time of the present survey (2010) is nearly 46 years - this would not be typical of an expected OSI under the CTBT.
Sweeney, J J; Harben, P
The DOE Knowledge Base Mthodology for the Creation of an Optimal Spatial Tessellation
The DOE Knowledge Base is a library of detailed information whose purpose is to improve the capability of the United States National Data Center (USNDC) to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Much of the data contained by the Knowledge Base is spatial in nature, and some of it is used to improve the accuracy with which seismic locations are determined while maintaining or improving current calculational perfor- mance. In this presentation, we define and describe the methodology used to create spatial tessellations of seismic data which are utilized with a gradient-modified natural-neighbor interpolation method to evaluate travel-time corrections. The goal is to interpolate a specified correction surface, or a group of them, with prescribed accuracy and surface smoothness requirements, while minimizing the number of data points necessary to represent the surface. Maintain- ing accuracy is crucial toward improving the precision of seismic origin location. Minimizing the number of nodes in the tessellation improves calculational and data access efficiency and performance. The process requires two initialization steps and an iterated 7 step algorithm for inserting new tessellation nodes. First, M residual data from ground truth events are included in the tessellation. These data remain fixed throughout the creation of the triangular tessellation. Next, a coarse grid of nodes is laid over the region to be tessellated. The coarse grid is necessary to define the boundary of the region to be tessellated. Next the 7 step iterated algorithm is performed to add new nodes to the tessellation to ensure that accuracy and smoothness requirements are met. These steps include 1) all data points in the tessellation are linked together to form a triangular tessellation using p standard Delaunay tessellation technique; 2) all of the data points, excluding the original data and boundruy nodes, are smoothed using a length-weighted Laplacian smoother to remove poorly formed triangles; 3) all new data points are assigned corrections by performing a Non-stationary Bayesian Kriging calculation for each new triangle node; 4) all nodes that exceed surface roughness requirements are split by inserting a new node at the mid-points of the edges that share the rough nod% 5) all remaining triangle edge midpoints and centers are inte~olated using gradient-modified natural-neighbor interpolation and kriged using the Bayesian IGiging algoritlm 6) new nodes are inserted into the tessellation at all edge and triangle mid-points that exceed the specified relative error tolerance between the interpo- lated and Iaiged values, and 7) all new insertion nodes are added to the tessellations node list. Steps 1 through 7 are repeated until all relative error and surface smoothness requirements are satisfied. Results indicate that node densities in the tessellation are largest in regions of high surface curvature as expected. Generally, gradient modified natural-neighbor interpolation methods do a better job than linear natural-neighbor methods at meeting accuracy requirements which translates to fewer nodes necessary to represent the surface.
Hipp, J.R.; Moore, S.G.; Shepherd, E.; Young, C.J
The Effects of Heterogeneities on Seismic Wave Propagation in the Climax Stock
The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty requires the ability to detect low-yield (less than 150kton) nuclear events. This kind of monitoring can only be done seismically on a regional scale (within 2000km). At this level, it is difficult to distinguish between low-yield nuclear events and non-nuclear events of similar magnitude. In order to confidently identify a nuclear event, a more detailed understanding of nuclear seismic sources is needed. In particular, it is important to know the effects of local geology on the seismic signal. This study focuses on P-wave velocity in heterogeneous granitoid. The Source Physics Experiment (SPE) is currently performing low-yield tests with chemical explosives at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The exact test site was chosen to be in the Climax Stock, a cretaceous granodiorite and quartz-monzonite pluton located in Area 15 of the NNSS. It has been used in the past for the Hard Hat and Pile Driver nuclear tests, which provided legacy data that can be used to simulate wave propagation. The Climax Stock was originally chosen as the site of the SPE partly because of its assumed homogeneity. It has since been discovered that the area of the stock where the SPE tests are being performed contains a perched water table. In addition, the stock is known to contain an extensive network of faults, joints, and fractures, but the exact effect of these structural features on seismic wave velocity is not fully understood. The SPE tests are designed to seismically capture the explosion phenomena from the near- to the far-field transition of the seismic waveform. In the first SPE experiment, 100kg of chemical explosives were set off at a depth of 55m. The blast was recorded with an array of sensors and diagnostics, including accelerometers, geophones, rotational sensors, short-period and broadband seismic sensors, Continuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. Time Experiment, Time of Arrival, Velocity of Detonation, and infrasound sensors. The focus of this study is two-fold: (1) the geophone array that was focused over the SPE shot and (2) a high-resolution seismic profile that was recently acquired at the field site. The geophone array was placed radially around the SPE shot in five directions with 100m spacing and out to a distance of 2 km. The high-resolution profile was about 475m in length with station and shot spacing of 5m using a 7000lb mini-vibe as a source. In both data sets, the first arrivals will be used to develop velocity models. For the geophone array, 1-D P-wave velocity models will be developed to determine an average apparent velocity of the Climax Stock. The high-resolution data will be used to develop a 2-D P-wave velocity model along the seismic profile. This is in an effort to elucidate the water table in more detail and provide additional information on the near-surface structure. These results will be used in the overall modeling effort to fully characterize the test bed and develop a physics-based model to simulate seismic energy from the SPE events.
Hagan Webb, C., Snelson, C. M., White, R., Emmitt, R., Barker, D., Abbott, R., Bonal, N.
Primer on Use of Multi-Spectral and Infra Red Imaging for On-Site Inspections
The purpose of an On-Site Inspection (OSI) is to determine whether a nuclear explosion has occurred in violation of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and to gather information which might assist in identifying the violator (CTBT, Article IV, Paragraph 35) Multi-Spectral and Infra Red Imaging (MSIR) is allowed by the treaty to detect observables which might help reduce the search area and thus expedite an OSI and make it more effective. MSIR is permitted from airborne measurements, and at and below the surface to search for anomalies and artifacts (CTBT, Protocol, Part II, Paragraph 69b). The three broad types of anomalies and artifacts MSIR is expected to be capable of observing are surface disturbances (disturbed earth, plant stress or anomalous surface materials), human artifacts (man-made roads, buildings and features), and thermal anomalies. The purpose of this Primer is to provide technical information on MSIR relevant to its use for OSI. It is expected that this information may be used for general background information, to inform decisions about the selection and testing of MSIR equipment, to develop operational guidance for MSIR use during an OSI, and to support the development of a training program for OSI Inspectors. References are provided so readers can pursue a topic in more detail than the summary information provided here. The following chapters will provide more information on how MSIR can support an OSI (Section 2), a short summary what Multi-Spectral Imaging and Infra Red Imaging is (Section 3), guidance from the CTBT regarding the use of MSIR (Section 4), and a description of several nuclear explosion scenarios (Section 5) and consequent observables (Section 6). The remaining sections focus on practical aspects of using MSIR for an OSI, such as specification and selection of MSIR equipment, operational considerations for deployment of MISR equipment from an aircraft, and the conduct of field exercises to mature MSIR for an OSI. Finally, an appendix provides detail describing the magnitude and spatial extent of the surface shock expected from an underground nuclear explosion. If there is a seismic event or other data to suggest there has been a nuclear explosion in violation of the CTBT, an OSI may be conducted to determine whether a nuclear explosion has occurred and to gather information which may be useful in identifying the party responsible for conducting the explosion. The OSI must be conducted in the area where the event that triggered the inspection request occurred, and the inspected area must not exceed 1,000 square kilometers, or be more than 50 km on aside (CTBT Protocol, Part II, Paragraphs 2 and 3). One of the guiding principles for an inspection is that it be effective, minimally intrusive, timely, and cost-effective [Hawkins, Feb 1998]. In that context, MSIR is one of several technologies that can be used during an aircraft overflight to identify ground regions of high interest in a timely and cost-effective manner. This allows for an optimized inspection on the ground. The primary purpose for MSIR is to identify artifacts and anomalies that might be associated with a nuclear explosion, and to use the location of those artifacts and anomalies to reduce the search area that must be inspected from the ground. The MSIR measurements can have additional utility. The multi-spectral measurements of the ground can be used for terrain classification, which can aid in geological characterization of the Inspected Area. In conditions of where light smoke or haze is present, long-wave infrared imaging can provide better imaging of the ground than is possible with standard visible imagery.
Henderson, J R
A Brief Review of the Application of 14C in Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Studies
An over-arching goal of the DOE TCP program is to understand the mechanistic controls over the fate, transport, and residence time of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. Many of the modern process and modeling studies focus on seasonal to interannual variability. However, much of the carbon on the landscape and in soils is in separate reservoirs with turnover times that are multi-decadal to millennial. It is the controls on these longer term pools or reservoirs that is a critical unknown in the face of rising GHGs and climate change and uncertainties of the terrestrial biosphere as a future global sink or source of atmospheric CO{sub 2} [eg., Friedlingstein et al., 2006; Govindasamy et al., 2005; Thompson et al., 2004]. Radiocarbon measurements, in combination with other data, can provide insight into, and constraints on, terrestrial carbon cycling. Radiocarbon (t{sub 1/2} 5730yrs) is produced naturally in the stratosphere when secondary neutrons generated by cosmic rays collide with {sup 14}N atoms [Libby 1946; Arnold and Libby, 1949]. Upon formation, {sup 14}C is rapidly oxidized to CO and then to CO{sub 2}, and is incorporated into the carbon cycle. Due to anthropogenic activities, the amount of {sup 14}C in the atmosphere doubled in the mid/late 1950s and early 1960s from its preindustrial value of {sup 14}C/{sup 12}C ratio of 1.18 x 10{sup -12} [eg., Nydal and Lovseth, 1983]. Following the atmospheric weapons test ban in 1963, the {sup 14}C/{sup 12}C ratio, has decreased due to the net isotopic exchange between the ocean and terrestrial biosphere [eg., Levin and Hessheimer, 2000] and a dilution effect due to the burning of {sup 14}C-free fossil fuel carbon, the 'Suess Effect' [Suess, 1955]. In the carbon cycle literature, radiocarbon measurements are generally reported as {Delta}{sup 14}C, which includes a correction for mass dependent fractionation [Stuiver and Polach, 1977]. In the context of carbon cycle studies radiocarbon measurements can be used to determine the 'age' and rate of change of carbon stocks or as a biogeochemical tracer to elucidate processes and pathways. It is this dual nature that can be exploited across scales in space (individual plant, plot or research site, ecosystem, regional, and global) and time (days to millennia). For example, across regional scales, {Delta}{sup 14}C measurements of atmosphere CO{sub 2} can be used to attribute carbon dioxide to sources (e.g., respiration vs. fossil fuel emissions) or sinks ( e.g,. photosynthesis), which cannot be readily inferred from concentration, net flux measurements, or {delta}{sup 13}CO{sub 2} [eg. Graven et al., 2009; Levin and Hessheimer, 2000; Turnbull et al., 2007]. At smaller scales, similar analyses can be used to elucidate the source, and 'age' of the below ground component undergoing heterotrophic respiration. Net (biome or ecosystem) uptake of carbon is the difference of two large fluxes: photosynthesis and respiration. Carbon fixation by photosynthesis is, to a large extent, a single process with theoretical underpinnings. On the other-hand, net ecosystem or biome respiration integrates microbial (heterotrophic) and plant (autotrophic) respiration. Eddy covariance methods can be used to estimate bulk CO{sub 2} fluxes but they cannot discriminate the process nor the source of the respired CO{sub 2}. It is these processes that are parameterized in predictive models and contribute to the uncertainty in the climate forcing effect of the carbon cycle in the future [Friedlingstein et al., 2006; Heimann and Reichstein, 2008].
Guilderson, T; Mcfarlane, K
Geologic Assessment of the Damage Zone from the Second Test at Source Physics Experiment-Nevada (SPE-N)
The National Center for Nuclear Security (NCNS), established by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, is conducting a series of explosive tests at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS; formerly the Nevada Test Site) that are designed to increase the understanding of certain basic physical phenomena associated with underground explosions. These tests will aid in developing technologies that might be used to detect underground nuclear explosions in support of verification activities for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The initial NCNS project is a series of explosive tests, known collectively as the Source Physics Experiment at the NNSS (SPE-N), being conducted in granitic rocks at the Climax stock in northern Yucca Flat. The SPE-N test series is designed to study the generation and propagation of seismic waves. The data will be used to improve the predictive capability of calculational models for detecting and characterizing underground explosions. The first SPE-N test (SPE-N-1) was a �calibration� shot conducted in May 2011, using 100 kilograms (kg) of explosives at the depth of 54.9 meters (m) (180 feet [ft]) in the U-15n source hole. SPE-N-2 was conducted in October 2011, using 1,000 kg of explosives at the depth of 45.7 m (150 ft) in the same source hole. Following the SPE-N-2 test, the core hole U-15n#10 was drilled at an angle from the surface to intercept the SPE-N-2 shot point location to obtain information necessary to characterize the damage zone. The desire was to determine the position of the damage zone near the shot point, at least on the northeast side, where the core hole penetrated it. The three-dimensional shape and symmetry of the damage zone are unknown at this time. Rather than spherical in shape, the dimensions of the damage zone could be influenced by the natural fracture sets in the vicinity. Geologic characterization of the borehole included geophysical logging, a directional survey, and geologic description of the core to document visual evidence of damage. Selected core samples were provided to Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) for laboratory tests (to be reported by SNL). A significant natural fault zone was encountered in the U-15n#10 angle core hole between the drilled depths of 149 and 155 ft (straight-line distance or range station [RS] from the shot point of 7.5 to 5.7 m). However, several of the fractures observed in the U-15n#10 hole are interpreted as having been caused by the explosion. These fractures are characterized by a �fresh,� mechanically broken look, with uncoated and very irregular surfaces. They tend to terminate against natural fractures and have orientations that differ from the previously defined natural fracture sets. The most distant fracture from the shot point that could be interpreted as having been caused by the explosion was seen at approximately RS 10.0 m. No other possibly explosion-induced fractures are apparent above the fault, but are common starting at RS 5.4 m, which is below the fault. It is unknown how the fault zone might have affected the propagation of seismic waves or how the materials in the fault zone (altered granite, breccia, gouge) were affected by the explosion. From RS 3.3 m to the end of the recovered core at RS 1.6 m, some of the core samples are softer and lighter in color, but do not appear to be weathered. It is thought this could be indicative of the presence of distributed microfracturing.