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Power Ecalene Fuels Inc PEF | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
PEF PEF Jump to: navigation, search Name Power Ecalene Fuels Inc (PEF) Place Denver, Colorado Product PEF owns patented technologis to convert syngas from different feedstock to fuels like jet fuel and ethanol. Coordinates 39.74001┬░, -104.992259┬░ Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":39.74001,"lon":-104.992259,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Neutron charge radius and the neutron electric form factor
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
For nearly forty years, the Galster parametrization has been employed to fit existing data for the neutron electric form factor, G{sub E}{sup n}, vs the square of the four-momentum transfer, Q{sup 2}. Typically this parametrization is constrained to be consistent with experimental data for the neutron charge radius. However, we find that the Galster form does not have sufficient freedom to accommodate reasonable values of the radius without constraining or compromising the fit. In addition, the G{sub E}{sup n} data are now at sufficient precision to motivate a two-parameter fit (or three parameters if we include thermal neutron data). Here we present a modified form of a two-dipole parametrization that allows this freedom and fits both G{sub E}{sup n} (including recent data at both low and high four-momentum transfer) and the charge radius well with simple, well-defined parameters. Analysis reveals that the Galster form is essentially a two-parameter approximation to the two-dipole form but becomes degenerate if we try to extend it naturally to three parameters.
Gentile, T. R. [Stop 8461, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States); Crawford, C. B. [University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (United States)
Neutron Log At Alum Area (Moos & Ronne, 2010) | Open Energy Information
Neutron Log At Alum Area (Moos & Ronne, 2010) Neutron Log At Alum Area (Moos & Ronne, 2010) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Neutron Log At Alum Geothermal Area (Moos & Ronne, 2010) Exploration Activity Details Location Alum Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Neutron Log Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Density, photo-electric factor (PEF), neutron, and gamma ray (GR) logs provided sufficient information to clearly delineate basement lithologic variations, suggesting that pulsed neutron logs may not in many cases be needed, References Daniel Moos, Joel Ronne (2010) Selecting The Optimal Logging Suite For Geothermal Reservoir Evaluation- Results From The Alum 25-29 Well, Nevada Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Neutron_Log_At_Alum_Area_(Moos_%26_Ronne,_2010)&oldid=511025"
Neutron Form Factor from Neutrino-Nucleus Coherent Elastic Scattering
E-Print Network (OSTI)
We analyze the prospect of measuring the neutron form factor of a nucleus through the detection of neutrino-nucleus coherent elastic scattering. We predict numbers of events in a liquid noble nuclear recoil detector at a stopped pion neutrino source. We discuss the precision required to distinguish between different theoretical models for the form factor.
Philip S. Amanik; Gail C. McLaughlin
A Model for Water Factor Measurements With Fission-Neutron Logging...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
A Model for Water Factor Measurements With Fission-Neutron Logging Tools (May 1983) A Model for Water Factor Measurements With Fission-Neutron Logging Tools (May 1983) A Model for...
Nodal weighting factor method for ex-core fast neutron fluence evaluation
SciTech Connect
The nodal weighting factor method is developed for evaluating ex-core fast neutron flux in a nuclear reactor by utilizing adjoint neutron flux, a fictitious unit detector cross section for neutron energy above 1 or 0.1 MeV, the unit fission source, and relative assembly nodal powers. The method determines each nodal weighting factor for ex-core neutron fast flux evaluation by solving the steady-state adjoint neutron transport equation with a fictitious unit detector cross section for neutron energy above 1 or 0.1 MeV as the adjoint source, by integrating the unit fission source with a typical fission spectrum to the solved adjoint flux over all energies, all angles and given nodal volume, and by dividing it with the sum of all nodal weighting factors, which is a normalization factor. Then, the fast neutron flux can be obtained by summing the various relative nodal powers times the corresponding nodal weighting factors of the adjacent significantly contributed peripheral assembly nodes and times a proper fast neutron attenuation coefficient over an operating period. A generic set of nodal weighting factors can be used to evaluate neutron fluence at the same location for similar core design and fuel cycles, but the set of nodal weighting factors needs to be re-calibrated for a transition-fuel-cycle. This newly developed nodal weighting factor method should be a useful and simplified tool for evaluating fast neutron fluence at selected locations of interest in ex-core components of contemporary nuclear power reactors. (authors)
Chiang, R. T. [AREVA NP Inc., 6399 San Ignacio Ave., San Jose, CA 95119 (United States)
The neutron electric form factor to Q▓ = 1.45 (GeV/c)▓
The nucleon elastic electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities needed for an understanding of nucleon and nuclear electromagnetic structure. The evolution of the Sachs electric and magnetic form factors with Q2, the square of the four-momentum transfer, is related to the distribution of charge and magnetization within the nucleon. High precision measurements of the nucleon form factors are essential for stringent tests of our current theoretical understanding of confinement within the nucleon. Measurements of the neutron form factors, in particular, those of the neutron electric form factor, have been notoriously difficult due to the lack of a free neutron target and the vanishing integral charge of the neutron. Indeed, a precise measurement of the neutron electric form factor has eluded experimentalists for decades; however, with the advent of high duty-factor polarized electron beam facilities, experiments employing polarization degrees of freedom have finally yielded the first precise measurements of this fundamental quantity. Following a general overview of the experimental and theoretical status of the nucleon form factors, a detailed description of an experiment designed to extract the neutron electric form factor from measurements of the neutron's recoil polarization in quasielastic 2H(e, e')1H scattering is presented. The experiment described here employed the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility's longitudinally polarized electron beam, a magnetic spectrometer for detection of the scattered electron, and a neutron polarimeter designed specifically for this experiment. Measurements were conducted at three Q2 values of 0.45, 1.13, and 1.45 (GeV/c)2, and the final results extracted from an analysis of the data acquired in this experiment are reported and compared with recent theoretical predictions for the nucleon form factors.
Bradley Plaster
Interpreting the Neutron's Electric Form Factor: Rest Frame Charge Distribution or Foldy Term?
The neutron's electric form factor contains vital information on nucleon structure, but its interpretation within many models has been obscured by relativistic effects. I demonstrate that, to leading order in the relativistic expansion of a constituent quark model, the Foldy term cancels exactly against a contribution to the Dirac form factor F_1 to leave intact the naive interpretation of G^n_E as arising from the neutron's rest frame charge distribution.
Nathan Isgur
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering Oak Ridge 10-24 August 2013 John M. Carpenter ANL, ORNLSNS 18 August 2013 2 Neutron Detection How does one detect a neutron? - It is...
Neutron dose per fluence and weighting factors for use at high energy accelerators
In June 2007, the United States Department of Energy incorporated revised values of neutron weighting factors into its occupational radiation protection Regulation 10 CFR Part 835 as part of updating its radiation dosimetry system. This has led to a reassessment of neutron radiation fields at high energy proton accelerators such as those at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Values of dose per fluence factors appropriate for accelerator radiation fields calculated elsewhere are collated and radiation weighting factors compared. The results of this revision to the dosimetric system are applied to americium-beryllium neutron energy spectra commonly used for instrument calibrations. A set of typical accelerator neutron energy spectra previously measured at Fermilab are reassessed in light of the new dosimetry system. The implications of this revision are found to be of moderate significance.
Cossairt, J.Donald; Vaziri, Kamran; /Fermilab
Calculation of extremity neutron fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors
Neutron fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors are calculated for three types of finger and wrist extremity phantoms: (1) the polymethyl methacrylate models specified by the U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program for Personnel Dosimetry Systems (DOELAP); (2) the tissue-and-bone phantoms suggested by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; and (3) the Radiology Support Devices (RSD) Inc. RS-122T an-n/shoulder phantom. Extremity factors are determined at shallow surface and bone levels for bare, D20moderated and polyethylene moderated 112Cf. The DOELAP free-field calibration geometry and a realistic glovebox scenario are simulated using a Monte Carlo neutron and photon transport code. Calculated DOELAP and RSD extremity fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors for the free-field calibration geometry are 1 to 9 percent lower than the calculated whole-body conversion factor. The tissue-and-bone phantoms exhibit conversion factors 1 to 10 percent greater than the whole-body factor. Glovebox fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors range from 12 percent less than to 128 percent greater than calculated free-field whole-body conversion factors. A preliminary evaluation of the application of the calculated fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion factors to Los Alamos National Laboratory extremity dosimeter correction factors is performed.
Wood-Zika, Annmarie Ruth
The neutron electric dipole form factor in the perturbative chiral quark model
We calculate the electric dipole form factor of the neutron in a perturbative chiral quark model, parameterizing CP-violation of generic origin by means of effective electric dipole moments of the constituent quarks and their CP-violating couplings to the chiral fields. We discuss the relation of these effective parameters to more fundamental ones such as the intrinsic electric and chromoelectric dipole moments of quarks and the Weinberg parameter. From the existing experimental upper limits on the neutron EDM we derive constraints on these CP-violating parameters.
Claudio Dib; Amand Faessler; Thomas Gutsche; Sergey Kovalenko; Jan Kuckei; Valery E. Lyubovitskij; Kem Pumsa-ard
Measurement of the Neutron electric form factor at Q2=0.8 2(GeV\\\\c)
Nucleon form factors allow a sensitive test for models of the nucleon. Recent experiments utilising polarisation observables have resulted, for the first time, in a model-independent determination of the neutron electric form factor GnE. This method employed an 80% longitudinally polarised, high intensity (10 uA) electon beam (883 MeV) that was quasi-elastically scattered off a liquid deuterium target in the reaction D (e, en)p. A neutron polarimeter was designed and installed to measure the ratio of transverse-to-longitudinal polarisation using neutron scattering asymmetries. This ratio allowed a determination of the neutron elastic form factor, GnE, free of the previous large systematic uncertainties associated with the deuterium wave function. The experiment took place in the A1 experimental hall at MAMI taking advantage of a high resolution magnetic spectrometer. A detailed investigation was carried out into the performance of the neutron polarimeter.
Derek Glazier
Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor at Using the Ratio Method on Deuterium
the magnetic form factor of the neutron using the 11 GeV electron beam in the upgraded CEBAF and CLAS12 to the higher Q2 that will be available with the 12-GeV upgrade of CEBAF. We will use the ratio]). With the 12-GeV upgrade of CEBAF, Gp E/Gp M and Gn M can be measured up to Q2 14 GeV2 and for Gn E up to Q2
Gilfoyle, Jerry
Measurement of the neutron magnetic form factor from inclusive quasielastic scattering of polarized electrons from polarized [sup 3]He
We report a measurement of the asymmetry in spin-dependent quasielastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from a polarized [sup 3]He target. The neutron magnetic form factor [ital G][sup [ital n
Gao, H.; Arrington, J.; Beise, E.J.; Bray, B.; Carr, R.W.; Filippone, B.W.; Lung, A.; McKeown, R.D.; Mueller, B.; Pitt, M.L. (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 (United States)); Jones, C.E. (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States)); DeSchepper, D.; Dodson, G.; Dow, K.; Ent, R.; Farkhondeh, M.; Hansen, J.; Korsch, W.; Kramer, L.H.; Lee, K.; Makins, N.; Milner, R.G.; Tieger, D.R.; Welch, T.P. (Bates Linear Accelerator Center, Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Masschusetts 02139 (United States)); Candell, E.; Napolitano, J.; Wojtsekhowski, B.B.; Tripp, C. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180 (United States)); Lorenzon, W. (TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3 (Canada))
Spallation Neutron Source Availability Top-Down Apportionment Using Characteristic Factors and Expert Opinion
Apportionment is the assignment of top-level requirements to lower tier elements of the overall facility. A method for apportioning overall facility availability requirements among systems and subsystems is presented. Characteristics that influence equipment reliability and maintainability are discussed. Experts, using engineering judgment, scored each characteristic for each system whose availability design goal is to be established. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to produce a set of weighted rankings for each characteristic for each alternative system. A mathematical model is derived which incorporates these weighting factors. The method imposes higher availability requirements on those systems in which an incremental increase in availability is easier to achieve, and lower availability requirements where greater availability is more difficult and costly. An example is given of applying this top-down apportionment methodology to the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility.
Haire, M.J.; Schryver, J.C.
First Evaluation of the Biologic Effectiveness Factors of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in a Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line
Purpose: DNA lesions produced by boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and those produced by gamma radiation in a colon carcinoma cell line were analyzed. We have also derived the relative biologic effectiveness factor (RBE) of the neutron beam of the RA-3- Argentine nuclear reactor, and the compound biologic effectiveness (CBE) values for p-boronophenylalanine ({sup 10}BPA) and for 2,4-bis ({alpha},{beta}-dihydroxyethyl)-deutero-porphyrin IX ({sup 10}BOPP). Methods and Materials: Exponentially growing human colon carcinoma cells (ARO81-1) were distributed into the following groups: (1) BPA (10 ppm {sup 10}B) + neutrons, (2) BOPP (10 ppm {sup 10}B) + neutrons, (3) neutrons alone, and (4) gamma rays ({sup 60}Co source at 1 Gy/min dose-rate). Different irradiation times were used to obtain total absorbed doses between 0.3 and 5 Gy ({+-}10%) (thermal neutrons flux = 7.5 10{sup 9} n/cm{sup 2} sec). Results: The frequency of micronucleated binucleated cells and the number of micronuclei per micronucleated binucleated cells showed a dose-dependent increase until approximately 2 Gy. The response to gamma rays was significantly lower than the response to the other treatments (p < 0.05). The irradiations with neutrons alone and neutrons + BOPP showed curves that did not differ significantly from, and showed less DNA damage than, irradiation with neutrons + BPA. A decrease in the surviving fraction measured by 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay as a function of the absorbed dose was observed for all the treatments. The RBE and CBE factors calculated from cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) and MTT assays were, respectively, the following: beam RBE: 4.4 {+-} 1.1 and 2.4 {+-} 0.6; CBE for BOPP: 8.0 {+-} 2.2 and 2.0 {+-} 1; CBE for BPA: 19.6 {+-} 3.7 and 3.5 {+-} 1.3. Conclusions: BNCT and gamma irradiations showed different genotoxic patterns. To our knowledge, these values represent the first experimental ones obtained for the RA-3 in a biologic model and could be useful for future experimental studies for the application of BNCT to colon carcinoma.
Dagrosa, Maria Alejandra, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires (Argentina); National Research Council (Argentina); Crivello, Martin [Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires(Argentina); Perona, Marina [Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires (Argentina); National Research Council (Argentina); Thorp, Silvia; Santa Cruz, Gustavo Alberto [Department of Instrumentation and Control, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Pozzi, Emiliano [Argentina Reactor, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Casal, Mariana [Institute of Oncology 'Angel H. Roffo', University of Buenos Aires (Argentina); Thomasz, Lisa; Cabrini, Romulo [Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Kahl, Steven [Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA (United States); Juvenal, Guillermo Juan [Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires (Argentina); National Research Council (Argentina); Pisarev, Mario Alberto [Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires (Argentina); National Research Council (Argentina); Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (Argentina)
A Measurement of the neutron electric form factor at very large momentum transfer using polaried electrions scattering from a polarized helium-3 target
Knowledge of the electric and magnetic elastic form factors of the nucleon is essential for an understanding of nucleon structure. Of the form factors, the electric form factor of the neutron has been measured over the smallest range in Q{sup 2} and with the lowest precision. Jefferson Lab experiment 02-013 used a novel new polarized {sup 3}He target to nearly double the range of momentum transfer in which the neutron form factor has been studied and to measure it with much higher precision. Polarized electrons were scattered off this target, and both the scattered electron and neutron were detected. G{sup n}{sub E} was measured to be 0.0242 ▒ 0.0020(stat) ▒ 0.0061(sys) and 0.0247 ▒ 0.0029(stat) ▒ 0.0031(sys) at Q{sup 2} = 1.7 and 2.5 GeV{sup 2}, respectively.
Aidan Kelleher
Neutron spectroscopic factors of 7Li and astrophysical 6Li(n,g)7Li reaction rates
Angular distributions of the 7Li(6Li,6Li)7Li elastic scattering and the 7Li(6Li,7Li_{g.s.})6Li, 7Li(6Li,7Li*_{0.48})6Li transfer reactions at Ec.m. = 23.7 MeV were measured with the Q3D magnetic spectrograph. The optical potential of 6Li+7Li was obtained by fitting the elastic scattering differential cross sections. Based on the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis, spectroscopic factors of 7Li=6Li+n were determined to be 0.73 +- 0.05 and 0.90 +- 0.09 for the ground and first exited states in 7Li, respectively. Using the spectroscopic factors, the cross sections of the 6Li(n,g)7Li direct neutron capture reactions and the astrophysical 6Li(n,g)7Li reaction rates were derived.
Jun Su; Zhihong Li; Bing Guo; Xixiang Bai; Zhichang Li; Jiancheng Liu; Youbao Wang; Gang Lian; Sheng Zeng; Baoxiang Wang; Shengquan Yan; Yunju Li; Ertao Li; Qiwen Fan; Weiping Liu
The nucleon elastic electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities needed for an understanding of nucleon and nuclear electromagnetic structure. The evolution of the Sachs electric and magnetic form factors with ...
Plaster, Bradley R. (Bradley Robert), 1976-
A measurement of the neutron magnetic form factor Gn?M? form quasi-elastic ▓[right arrow]H ([right arrow]e, e') at low Q▓
The neutron magnetic form factor GnM has been measured using the inclusive electro-disintegration 2H(e, e') of the deuteron for the first time. The longitudinally polarized electron beam of the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator ...
Meitanis, Nikolas (Nikolas C.)
Supercool Neutrons (Ultracold Neutrons)
in the USA. Why neutrons? Neutrons possess physical properties that make them valuable investigative tools Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) The world's most intense pulsed accelerator-based neutron source. High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) The highest flux reactor-based neutron source for condensed matter research
Martin, Jeff
Measurements of the Electric Form Factor of the Neutron up to Q(2)=3.4 GeV2 Using the Reaction (3)(He)over-right-arrowe((e)over-right-arrow, e ' n)pp
The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from studies of the reaction 3He?(e?,e?n)pp [superscript 3 He superscript right arrow (e superscript right arrow, e prime n) pp] in quasielastic kinematics in Hall ...
Beck, A.
Producing persistent, high-current, high-duty-factor H{sup -} beams for routine 1 MW operation of Spallation Neutron Source (invited)
Since 2009, the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has been producing neutrons with ion beam powers near 1 MW, which requires the extraction of {approx}50 mA H{sup -} ions from the ion source with a {approx}5% duty factor. The 50 mA are achieved after an initial dose of {approx}3 mg of Cs and heating the Cs collar to {approx}170 deg. C. The 50 mA normally persist for the entire 4-week source service cycles. Fundamental processes are reviewed to elucidate the persistence of the SNS H{sup -} beams without a steady feed of Cs and why the Cs collar temperature may have to be kept near 170 deg. C.
Stockli, Martin P.; Han, B. X.; Hardek, T. W.; Kang, Y. W.; Murray, S. N.; Pennisi, T. R.; Piller, C.; Santana, M.; Welton, R. [Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States)
Glossary Term - Neutron Emission
Neutron Previous Term (Neutron) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Niobe) Niobe Neutron Emission After neutron emission, an atom contains one less neutron. Neutron emission is one...
Personnel neutron dosimetry
This edited transcript of a presentation on personnel neutron discusses the accuracy of present dosimetry practices, requirements, calibration, dosemeter types, quality factors, operational problems, and dosimetry for a criticality accident. 32 figs. (ACR)
Hankins, D.
Neutron Radiography
Table 8┬Ā┬Ā┬ĀCharacteristics of neutron radiography at various neutron-energy ranges...Good discrimination between materials and ready availability
Neutron Sources
Table 1┬Ā┬Ā┬ĀCharacteristics of neutron radiography at various neutron-energy ranges...Good discrimination between materials, and ready
arXiv:nucl-ex/0107004v16Jul2001 Neutron charge form factor at large q2
factors of light nuclei, which one would want to calculate for the region covered by data, a region the cross section and where the available T20 data are not very accurate. There, the usage of A(q) leads
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Glossary Term - Neutron
Neutrino Previous Term (Neutrino) Glossary Main Index Next Term (Neutron Emission) Neutron Emission Neutron A Neutron Neutrons are uncharged particles found within atomic nuclei....
About Neutrons
Neutron Basics Neutron Basics A neutron is one of the fundamental particles that make up matter. This uncharged particle exists in the nucleus of a typical atom, along with its positively charged counterpart, the proton. Protons and neutrons each have about the same mass, and both can exist as free particles away from the nucleus. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. Find Out What a Neutron Is Youtube icon Properties of Neutrons How Can Neutrons Be Used for Research? Image of glucose movement in plants Neutron imaging techniques have been able to determine the precise movement of glucose in plants. This knowledge can help scientists better understand how biomass can be efficiently converted into fuel. Neutrons have many properties that make them ideal for certain types of
Measurement of the neutron electric to magnetic form factor ratio at Q2 = 1.58 GeV2 using the reaction 3He(e,e'n)pp
A measurement of beam helicity asymmetries in the reaction 3He(e,e'n)pp has been performed at the Mainz Microtron in quasielastic kinematics in order to determine the electric to magnetic form factor ratio of the neutron, GEn/GMn, at a four momentum transfer Q2 = 1.58 GeV2. Longitudinally polarized electrons were scattered on a highly polarized 3He gas target. The scattered electrons were detected with a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer, and the ejected neutrons with a dedicated neutron detector composed of scintillator bars. To reduce systematic errors data were taken for four different target polarization orientations allowing the determination of GEn/GMn from a double ratio. We find mu_n GEn/GMn = 0.250 +/- 0.058(stat.) +/- 0.017 (sys.).
B. S. Schlimme; P. Achenbach; C. A. Ayerbe Gayoso; J. C. Bernauer; R. B÷hm; D. Bosnar; Th. Challand; M. O. Distler; L. Doria; F. Fellenberger; H. Fonvieille; M. G¾mez RodrĒguez; P. Grabmayr; T. Hehl; W. Heil; D. Kiselev; J. Krimmer; M. Makek; H. Merkel; D. G. Middleton; U. M³ller; L. Nungesser; B. A. Ott; J. Pochodzalla; M. Potokar; S. Sßnchez Majos; M. M. Sargsian; I. Sick; S. Ŗirca; M. Weinriefer; M. Wendel; C. J. Yoon
Neutron dosimetry
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A method of measuring neutron radiation within a nuclear reactor is provided. A sintered oxide wire is disposed within the reactor and exposed to neutron radiation. The induced radioactivity is measured to provide an indication of the neutron energy and flux within the reactor.
Quinby, Thomas C. (Kingston, TN)
NIST Calibration of a Neutron Spectrometer ROSPEC
... factors [11]. ROSPEC was used to measure 2.5 MeV (deuterium- deuterium) and 14 MeV (deuterium-tritium) neutrons. As ...
A neutronic reactor is described. It has a core consisting of natural uranium and heavy water and having a K-factor greater than unity which is surrounded by a reflector consisting of natural uranium and ordinary water having a Kfactor less than unity.
Weinberg, A.M.; Vernon, H.C.
The neutronic reactor is comprised of a core consisting of natural uranium and heavy water with a K-factor greater than unity. The core is surrounded by a reflector consisting of natural uranium and ordinary water with a Kfactor less than unity. (AEC)
Vernon, H.C.; Weinberg, A.M.
... for Neutron Reaction Rate Measurements, JA Grundl, V. Spiegel, CM Eisenhauer, HT Heaton II, DM Gilliam (NBS), and J. Bigelow (ORNL), Nucl. ...
Fast neutron dosimetry
This progress report concentrates on two major areas of dosimetry research: measurement of fast neutron kerma factors for several elements for monochromatic and white spectrum neutron fields and determination of the response of thermoluminescent phosphors to various ultra-soft X-ray energies and beta-rays. Dr. Zhixin Zhou from the Shanghai Institute of Radiation Medicine, People's Republic of China brought with him special expertise in the fabrication and use of ultra-thin TLD materials. Such materials are not available in the USA. The rather unique properties of these materials were investigated during this grant period.
DeLuca, P.M. Jr.; Pearson, D.W.
Neutronic reactor
A safety rod for a nuclear reactor has an inner end portion having a gamma absorption coefficient and neutron capture cross section approximately equal to those of the adjacent shield, a central portion containing materials of high neutron capture cross section and an outer end portion having a gamma absorption coefficient at least equal to that of the adjacent shield.
Wende, Charles W. J. (West Chester, PA)
Neutron source
A neutron source which is particularly useful for neutron radiography consists of a vessel containing a moderating media of relatively low moderating ratio, a flux trap including a moderating media of relatively high moderating ratio at the center of the vessel, a shell of depleted uranium dioxide surrounding the moderating media of relatively high moderating ratio, a plurality of guide tubes each containing a movable source of neutrons surrounding the flux trap, a neutron shield surrounding one part of each guide tube, and at least one collimator extending from the flux trap to the exterior of the neutron source. The shell of depleted uranium dioxide has a window provided with depleted uranium dioxide shutters for each collimator. Reflectors are provided above and below the flux trap and on the guide tubes away from the flux trap.
Cason, J.L. Jr.; Shaw, C.B.
Neutron Thermal Cross Sections, Westcott Factors, Resonance Integrals, Maxwellian Averaged Cross Sections and Astrophysical Reaction Rates Calculated from the ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.2, JENDL-4.0, ROSFOND-2010, CENDL-3.1 and EAF-2010 Evaluated Data Libraries
We present calculations of neutron thermal cross sections, Westcott factors, resonance integrals, Maxwellian-averaged cross sections and astrophysical reaction rates for 843 ENDF materials using data from the major evaluated nuclear libraries and European activation file. Extensive analysis of newly-evaluated neutron reaction cross sections, neutron covariances, and improvements in data processing techniques motivated us to calculate nuclear industry and neutron physics quantities, produce s-process Maxwellian-averaged cross sections and astrophysical reaction rates, systematically calculate uncertainties, and provide additional insights on currently available neutron-induced reaction data. Nuclear reaction calculations are discussed and new results are presented. Due to space limitations, the present paper contains only calculated Maxwellian-averaged cross sections and their uncertainties. The complete data sets for all results are published in the Brookhaven National Laboratory report.
Pritychenko, B. [National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States)] [National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States); Mughabghab, S.F. [National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States)] [National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States)
Thermal neutron detection system
According to the present invention, a system for measuring a thermal neutron emission from a neutron source, has a reflector/moderator proximate the neutron source that reflects and moderates neutrons from the neutron source. The reflector/moderator further directs thermal neutrons toward an unmoderated thermal neutron detector.
Peurrung, Anthony J. (Richland, WA); Stromswold, David C. (West Richland, WA)
A nuclear reactor is described wherein horizontal rods of thermal- neutron-fissionable material are disposed in a body of heavy water and extend through and are supported by spaced parallel walls of graphite.
Wigner, E.P.
A neutronic reactor in which neutron moderation is achieved primarily in its reflector is described. The reactor structure consists of a cylindrical central "island" of moderator and a spherical moderating reflector spaced therefrom, thereby providing an annular space. An essentially unmoderated liquid fuel is continuously passed through the annular space and undergoes fission while contained therein. The reactor, because of its small size, is particularly adapted for propulsion uses, including the propulsion of aircraft. (AEC)
Fraas, A.P.; Mills, C.B.
A neutron source is obtained without employing any separate beryllia receptacle, as was formerly required. The new method is safer and faster, and affords a source with both improved yield and symmetry of neutron emission. A Be container is used to hold and react with Pu. This container has a thin isolating layer that does not obstruct the desired Pu--Be reaction and obviates procedures previously employed to disassemble and remove a beryllia receptacle. (AEC)
Richmond, J.L.; Wells, C.E.
Neutron range spectrometer
A neutron range spectrometer and method for determining the neutron energy spectrum of a neutron emitting source are disclosed. Neutrons from the source are colliminated along a collimation axis and a position sensitive neutron counter is disposed in the path of the collimated neutron beam. The counter determines positions along the collimation axis of interactions between the neutrons in the neutron beam and a neutron-absorbing material in the counter. From the interaction positions, a computer analyzes the data and determines the neutron energy spectrum of the neutron beam. The counter is preferably shielded and a suitable neutron-absorbing material is He-3. 1 fig.
Manglos, S.H.
ORNL Neutron Sciences
ORNL's Neutron Science Future: Integrating Neutron Scattering Across the Laboratory Greg Smith, HFIR Center for Neutron Scattering Upgrade Status and Scientific Opportunities...
A nuclear reactor for isotope production is described. This reactor is designed to provide a maximum thermal neutron flux in a region adjacent to the periphery of the reactor rather than in the center of the reactor. The core of the reactor is generally centrally located with respect tn a surrounding first reflector, constructed of beryllium. The beryllium reflector is surrounded by a second reflector, constructed of graphite, which, in tune, is surrounded by a conventional thermal shield. Water is circulated through the core and the reflector and functions both as a moderator and a coolant. In order to produce a greatsr maximum thermal neutron flux adjacent to the periphery of the reactor rather than in the core, the reactor is designed so tbat the ratio of neutron scattering cross section to neutron absorption cross section averaged over all of the materials in the reflector is approximately twice the ratio of neutron scattering cross section to neutron absorption cross section averaged over all of the material of the core of the reactor.
Precise Extraction of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor from Quasi-elastic 3He(pol)(e(pol),e') at Q^2 = 0.1-0.6 (GeV/c)^2
We have measured the transverse asymmetry A{sub T'} in the quasi-elastic {sup 3}/rvec He/(/rvec e/,e') process with high precision at Q{sup 2}-values from 0.1 to 0.6 (GeV/c){sup 2}. The neutron magnetic form factor G{sub M}{sup n} was extracted at Q{sup 2}-values of 0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c){sup 2} using a non-relativistic Faddeev calculation which includes both final-state interactions (FSI) and meson-exchange currents (MEC). Theoretical uncertainties due to the FSI and MEC effects were constrained with a precision measurement of the spin-dependent asymmetry in the threshold region of {sup 3}/rvec He/(/rvec e/,e'). We also extracted the neutron magnetic form factor G{sub M}{sup n} at Q{sup 2}-values of 0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c){sup 2} based on Plane Wave Impulse Approximation calculations.
Jens-ole Hansen; Brian Anderson; Leonard Auerbach; Todd Averett; William Bertozzi; Tim Black; John Calarco; Lawrence Cardman; Gordon Cates; Zhengwei Chai; Jiang-Ping Chen; Seonho Choi; Eugene Chudakov; Steve Churchwell; G Corrado; Christopher Crawford; Daniel Dale; Alexandre Deur; Pibero Djawotho; Dipangkar Dutta; John Finn; Haiyan Gao; Ronald Gilman; Oleksandr Glamazdin; Charles Glashausser; Walter Gloeckle; Jacek Golak; Javier Gomez; Viktor Gorbenko; F. Hersman; Douglas Higinbotham; Richard Holmes; Calvin Howell; Emlyn Hughes; Thomas Humensky; Sebastien Incerti; Piotr Zolnierczuk; Cornelis De Jager; John Jensen; Xiaodong Jiang; Cathleen Jones; Mark Jones; R Kahl; H Kamada; A Kievsky; Ioannis Kominis; Wolfgang Korsch; Kevin Kramer; Gerfried Kumbartzki; Michael Kuss; Enkeleida Lakuriqi; Meihua Liang; Nilanga Liyanage; John LeRose; Sergey Malov; Demetrius Margaziotis; Jeffery Martin; Kathy McCormick; Robert McKeown; Kevin McIlhany; Zein-Eddine Meziani; Robert Michaels; Greg Miller; Joseph Mitchell; Sirish Nanda; Emanuele Pace; Tina Pavlin; Gerassimos Petratos; Roman Pomatsalyuk; David Pripstein; David Prout; Ronald Ransome; Yves Roblin; Marat Rvachev; Giovanni Salme; Michael Schnee; Charles Seely; Taeksu Shin; Karl Slifer; Paul Souder; Steffen Strauch; Riad Suleiman; Mark Sutter; Bryan Tipton; Luminita Todor; M Viviani; Branislav Vlahovic; John Watson; Claude Williamson; H Witala; Bogdan Wojtsekhowski; Feng Xiong; Wang Xu; Jen-chuan Yeh
Neutron Repulsion
Earth is connected gravitationally, magnetically and electrically to its heat source - a neutron star that is obscured from view by waste products in the photosphere. Neutron repulsion is like the hot filament in an incandescent light bulb. Excited neutrons are emitted from the solar core and decay into hydrogen that glows in the photosphere like a frosted light bulb. Neutron repulsion was recognized in nuclear rest mass data in 2000 as the overlooked source of energy, the keystone of an arch that locked together these puzzling space-age observations: 1.) Excess 136Xe accompanied primordial helium in the stellar debris that formed the solar system (Fig. 1); 2.) The Sun formed on the supernova core (Fig. 2); 3.) Waste products from the core pass through an iron-rich mantle, selectively carrying lighter elements and lighter isotopes of each element into the photosphere (Figs. 3-4); and 4.) Neutron repulsion powers the Sun and sustains life (Figs. 5-7). Together these findings offer a framework for understanding how: a.) The Sun generates and releases neutrinos, energy and solar-wind hydrogen and helium; b.) An inhabitable planet formed and life evolved around an ordinary-looking star; c.) Continuous climate change - induced by cyclic changes in gravitational interactions of the Sun's energetic core with planets - has favored survival by adaptation.
Oliver K. Manuel
Californium Neutron Irradiation Facility
Californium Neutron Irradiation Facility. Summary: ... Cf irradiation facility (Photograph by: Neutron Physics Group). Lead Organizational Unit: pml. Staff: ...
Neutron Physics Group
... spectrum and fluencies is essential for several ... Neutron Interferometer and Optics Facility performed a ... other neutron scattering facilities depends on ...
Cold Neutron and Ultracold Neutron Sources
... Moderators Ģ Solid Methane ¢ CH 4 ¢ CD 4 ... In a cold neutron flux with a continuous spectrum, more neutrons could ... Magneto-vibrational Scatt. + ...
Chapter 13 - NEUTRON AREA DETECTORS 1. NEUTRON ...
... The neutron peak corresponds to both reaction products being entirely absorbed in the ... 6. A fission chamber is a very low efficiency neutron detector ...
A nuclear reactor which uses uranium in the form of elongated tubes as fuel elements and liquid as a coolant is described. Elongated tubular uranium bodies are vertically disposed in an efficient neutron slowing agent, such as graphite, for example, to form a lattice structure which is disposed between upper and lower coolant tanks. Fluid coolant tubes extend through the uranium bodies and communicate with the upper and lower tanks and serve to convey the coolant through the uranium body. The reactor is also provided with means for circulating the cooling fluid through the coolant tanks and coolant tubes, suitable neutron and gnmma ray shields, and control means.
Wigner, E.P.; Weinberg, A.W.; Young, G.J.
The design of control rods for nuclear reactors are described. In this design the control rod consists essentially of an elongated member constructed in part of a neutron absorbing material and having tube means extending therethrough for conducting a liquid to cool the rod when in use.
Anderson, H.L.
Methods for absorbing neutrons
A conduction cooled neutron absorber may include a metal matrix composite that comprises a metal having a thermal neutron cross-section of at least about 50 barns and a metal having a thermal conductivity of at least about 1 W/cmK. Apparatus for providing a neutron flux having a high fast-to-thermal neutron ratio may include a source of neutrons that produces fast neutrons and thermal neutrons. A neutron absorber positioned adjacent the neutron source absorbs at least some of the thermal neutrons so that a region adjacent the neutron absorber has a fast-to-thermal neutron ratio of at least about 15. A coolant in thermal contact with the neutron absorber removes heat from the neutron absorber.
Guillen, Donna P. (Idaho Falls, ID); Longhurst, Glen R. (Idaho Falls, ID); Porter, Douglas L. (Idaho Falls, ID); Parry, James R. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Neutron reflecting supermirror structure
An improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure comprising a plurality of stacked sets of bilayers of neutron reflecting materials. The improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure is adapted to provide extremely good performance at high incidence angles, i.e. up to four time the critical angle of standard neutron mirror structures. The reflection of neutrons striking the supermirror structure at a high critical angle provides enhanced neutron throughput, and hence more efficient and economical use of neutron sources.
Wood, James L. (Drayton Plains, MI)
An improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure comprising a plurality of stacked sets of bilayers of neutron reflecting materials. The improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure is adapted to provide extremely good performance at high incidence angles, i.e. up to four time the critical angle of standard neutron mirror structures. The reflection of neutrons striking the supermirror structure at a high critical angle provides enhanced neutron throughput, and hence more efficient and economical use of neutron sources. 2 figs.
Wood, J.L.
Spectrum tailoring of the neutron energy spectrum in the context of delayed neutron detection
For the purpose of measuring plutonium mass in spent fuel, a delayed neutron instrument is of particular interest since, if properly designed, the delayed neutron signal from {sup 235}U is significantly stronger than the signature from {sup 239}Pu or {sup 241}Pu. A key factor in properly designing a delayed neutron instrument is to minimize the fission of {sup 238}U. This minimization is achieved by keeping the interrogating neutron spectrum below {approx} 1 MeV. In the context of spent fuel measurements it is desirable to use a 14 MeV (deuterium and tritium) neutron generator for economic reasons. Spectrum tailoring is the term used to describe the inclusion of material between the 14 MeV neutrons and the interrogated object that lower the neutron energy through nuclear reactions and moderation. This report quantifies the utility of different material combination for spectrum tailoring.
Koehler, William E [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tobin, Steve J [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sandoval, Nathan P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Fensin, Mike L [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Measurement of the electric form factor of the neutron at low momentum transfers using a vector polarized deuterium gas target at BLAST
Elastic form factors are fundamental quantities that characterize the electromagnetic structure of the nucleon. High precision measurements of these quantities are essential in understanding the structure of hadronic matter. ...
Ziskin, Vitaliy
Neutron Scattering Facilities 1982
NEUTRON SOURCES NEUTRON SOURCES 'ü¼Types of Sources 'ü¼U.S. Sources Available for Users 'ü¼Plans for the Future 'ü¼The Neutron Scattering Society of America (NSSA) SNS/ANL School on Neutron and x-Ray Scattering, June 2011 Jim Rhyne Lujan Neutron Scattering Center Los Alamos National Lab. What do we need to do neutron scattering? * Neutron Source - produces neutrons * Diffractometer or Spectrometer - Allows neutrons to interact with sample - Sorts out discrete wavelengths by monochromator (reactor) or by time of flight (pulse source) - Detectors pick up neutrons scattered from sample * Analysis methods to determine material properties * Brain power to interpret results Sources of neutrons for scattering * Nuclear Reactor - Neutrons produced from fission of 235 U - Fission spectrum neutrons
Neutron kerma factors for H, C, N, O, and tissue in the energy range of 20 to 70 MeV
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Calculated kerma factors (kerma per unit fluence) in the energy range of 20 to 70 MeV based on nonelastic charged-particle-production cross-section data obtained from the intranuclear-cascade model of nuclear reactions are given for H, C, N, O, and tissue.
Alsmiller, R.G. Jr.; Barish, J.
Contact ORNL Neutron Sciences
Sciences Organization Charts Neutron Sciences Directorate Associate Laboratory Director for Neutron Sciences, Kelly Beierschmitt Biology and Soft Matter Division Director, Paul...
A neutron source of the antimony--beryllium type is presented. The source is comprised of a solid mass of beryllium having a cylindrical recess extending therein and a cylinder containing antimony-124 slidably disposed within the cylindrical recess. The antimony cylinder is encased in aluminum. A berylliunn plug is removably inserted in the open end of the cylindrical recess to completely enclose the antimony cylinder in bsryllium. The plug and antimony cylinder are each provided with a stud on their upper ends to facilitate handling remotely.
Reardon, W.A.; Lennox, D.H.; Nobles, R.G.
Spallation Neutron Source | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Spallation Neutron Source SNS site, Spring 2012 The 80-acre SNS site is located on the east end of the ORNL campus and is about a three-minute drive from her sister neutron...
Neutron Transversity at Jefferson Lab
Nucleon transversity and single transverse spin asymmetries have been the recent focus of large efforts by both theorists and experimentalists. On-going and planned experiments from HERMES, COMPASS and RHIC are mostly on the proton or the deuteron. Presented here is a planned measurement of the neutron transversity and single target spin asymmetries at Jefferson Lab in Hall A using a transversely polarized {sup 3}He target. Also presented are the results and plans of other neutron transverse spin experiments at Jefferson Lab. Finally, the factorization for semi-inclusive DIS studies at Jefferson Lab is discussed.
Jian-Ping Chen; Xiaodong Jiang; Jen-chieh Peng; Lingyan Zhu
Science | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron Science Neutron Science Neutron Scattering Science Neutrons are one of the fundamental particles that make up matter and have properties that make them ideal for certain types of research. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. Neutron scattering provides information about the positions, motions, and magnetic properties of solids. When a beam of neutrons is aimed at a sample, many neutrons will pass through the material. But some will interact directly with atomic nuclei and "bounce" away at an angle, like colliding balls in a game of pool. This behavior is called neutron diffraction, or neutron scattering. Using detectors, scientists can count scattered neutrons, measure their energies and the angles at which they scatter, and map their final position
ORNL neutron facilities deliver neutrons
The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) resumed full power operations on May 16, 2007. There were three experiment cycles of 23 to 25 days in FY2007 and another six are proposed for FY2008 beginning in November 2007. During FY 2007, the High Flux Isotope Reactor delivered 1178 operating hours to users. Commissioning of two SANS instruments is under way and these instruments will join the user program in 2008. The Neutron Scattering Science Advisory Committee endorsed language encouraging development of the science case for two instruments proposed for HFIR.
Ekkebus, Allen E [ORNL
A method is presented for loading and unloading rod type fuel elements of a neutronic reactor of the heterogeneous, solld moderator, liquid cooled type. In the embodiment illustrated, the fuel rods are disposed in vertical coolant channels in the reactor core. The fuel rods are loaded and unloaded through the upper openings of the channels which are immersed in the coolant liquid, such as water. Unloading is accomplished by means of a coffer dam assembly having an outer sleeve which is placed in sealing relation around the upper opening. A radiation shield sleeve is disposed in and reciprocable through the coffer dam sleeve. A fuel rod engaging member operates through the axial bore in the radiation shield sleeve to withdraw the fuel rod from its position in the reactor coolant channel into the shield, the shield snd rod then being removed. Loading is accomplished in the reverse procedure.
Wigner, E.P.; Young, G.J.
An improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure comprising a plurality of stacked sets of bilayers of neutron reflecting materials. The improved neutron reflecting supermirror structure is adapted to provide extremely good performance at high incidence angles, i.e. up to four time the critical angle of standard neutron mirror structures. The reflection of neutrons striking the supermirror structure at a high critical angle provides enhanced neutron throughput, and hence more efficient and economical use of neutron sources. One layer of each set of bilayers consist of titanium, and the second layer of each set of bilayers consist of an alloy of nickel with carbon interstitially present in the nickel alloy.
The Versatile Neutron Imaging Instrument at SNS | ORNL Neutron...
The Versatile Neutron Imaging Instrument at SNS VENUS: Neutron imaging to advance energy efficiency VENUS: Neutron imaging to advance energy efficiency. As its name indicates,...
Imaging with Scattered Neutrons
We describe a novel experimental technique for neutron imaging with scattered neutrons. These scattered neutrons are of interest for condensed matter physics, because they permit to reveal the local distribution of incoherent and coherent scattering within a sample. In contrast to standard attenuation based imaging, scattered neutron imaging distinguishes between the scattering cross section and the total attenuation cross section including absorption. First successful low-noise millimeter-resolution images by scattered neutron radiography and tomography are presented.
H. Ballhausen; H. Abele; R. Gaehler; M. Trapp; A. Van Overberghe
Directorate Organization | ORNL Neutron Sciences
ORNL Neutron Sciences Directorate The Neutron Sciences Directorate (NScD) manages and operates the Spallation Neutron Source and the High Flux Isotope Reactor, two of the world's...
This patent relates to neutronic reactors of the heterogeneous water cooled type, and in particular to a fuel element charging and discharging means therefor. In the embodiment illustrated the reactor contains horizontal, parallel coolant tubes in which the fuel elements are disposed. A loading cart containing a magnzine for holding a plurality of fuel elements operates along the face of the reactor at the inlet ends of the coolant tubes. The loading cart is equipped with a ram device for feeding fuel elements from the magazine through the inlot ends of the coolant tubes. Operating along the face adjacent the discharge ends of the tubes there is provided another cart means adapted to receive irradiated fuel elements as they are forced out of the discharge ends of the coolant tubes by the incoming new fuel elements. This cart is equipped with a tank coataining a coolant, such as water, into which the fuel elements fall, and a hydraulically operated plunger to hold the end of the fuel element being discharged. This inveation provides an apparatus whereby the fuel elements may be loaded into the reactor, irradiated therein, and unloaded from the reactor without stopping the fiow of the coolant and without danger to the operating personnel.
Ohlinger, L.A.; Wigner, E.P.; Weinberg, A.M.; Young, G.J.
Neutron streak camera
Apparatus for improved sensitivity and time resolution of a neutron measurement. The detector is provided with an electrode assembly having a neutron sensitive cathode which emits relatively low energy secondary electrons. The neutron sensitive cathode has a large surface area which provides increased sensitivity by intercepting a greater number of neutrons. The cathode is also curved to compensate for differences in transit time of the neutrons emanating from the point source. The slower speeds of the secondary electrons emitted from a certain portion of the cathode are matched to the transit times of the neutrons impinging thereupon.
Wang, C.L.
Organic metal neutron detector
A device for detection of neutrons comprises: as an active neutron sensing element, a conductive organic polymer having an electrical conductivity and a cross-section for said neutrons whereby a detectable change in said conductivity is caused by impingement of said neutrons on the conductive organic polymer which is responsive to a property of said polymer which is altered by impingement of said neutrons on the polymer; and means for associating a change in said alterable property with the presence of neutrons at the location of said device.
Butler, M.A.; Ginley, D.S.
Layered semiconductor neutron detectors
Room temperature operating solid state hand held neutron detectors integrate one or more relatively thin layers of a high neutron interaction cross-section element or materials with semiconductor detectors. The high neutron interaction cross-section element (e.g., Gd, B or Li) or materials comprising at least one high neutron interaction cross-section element can be in the form of unstructured layers or micro- or nano-structured arrays. Such architecture provides high efficiency neutron detector devices by capturing substantially more carriers produced from high energy .alpha.-particles or .gamma.-photons generated by neutron interaction.
Mao, Samuel S; Perry, Dale L
MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES: IV: Neutronics
The Department of Energy has initiated a pre-conceptual design study for the National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) and given preliminary approval for theĀ...
Instruments | Neutron Science | ORNL
NScD Careers NScD Careers Supporting Organizations Neutron Science Home | Science & Discovery | Neutron Science | Instruments SHARE Instruments at SNS and HFIR SNS Instrument Name HFIR Instrument Name 1B NOMAD - Nanoscale-Ordered Materials Diffractometer CG-1 Development Beam Line 2 BASIS - Backscattering Spectrometer CG-1D IMAGING - Neutron Imaging Prototype Facility 3 SNAP - Spallation Neutrons and Pressure Diffractometer CG-2 GP-SANS - General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer 4A MR - Magnetism Reflectometer CG-3 Bio-SANS - Biological Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument 4B LR - Liquids Reflectometer CG-4C CTAX - Cold Neutron Triple-Axis Spectrometer 5 CNCS - Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer HB-1 PTAX - Polarized Triple-Axis Spectrometer
Ultrafast neutron detector
A neutron detector of very high temporal resolution is described. It may be used to measure distributions of neutrons produced by fusion reactions that persist for times as short as about 50 picoseconds.
Procurement - ORNL Neutron Sciences
for the acquisition of goods and services for neutron scattering operations at SNS and HFIR. If you're interested in conducting business with the Neutron Sciences Directorate or...
Facilities | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Isotope Reactor. The pulsed neutron source at SNS and the continuous neutron source at HFIR complement each other well and, along with their state-of-the-art instruments, provide...
Pulsed-neutron monochromator
In one aspect, the invention is an improved pulsed-neutron monochromator of the vibrated-crystal type. The monochromator is designed to provide neutron pulses which are characterized both by short duration and high density. A row of neutron-reflecting crystals is disposed in a neutron beam to reflect neutrons onto a common target. The crystals in the row define progressively larger neutron-scattering angles and are vibrated sequentially in descending order with respect to the size of their scattering angles, thus generating neutron pulses which arrive simultaneously at the target. Transducers are coupled to one end of the crystals to vibrate them in an essentially non-resonant mode. The transducers propagate transverse waves in the crystal which progress longitudinally therein. The waves are absorbed at the undriven ends of the crystals by damping material mounted thereon. In another aspect, the invention is a method for generating neutron pulses characterized by high intensity and short duration.
Mook, H.A. Jr.
Advanced neutron absorber materials
A neutron absorbing material and method utilizing rare earth elements such as gadolinium, europium and samarium to form metallic glasses and/or noble base nano/microcrystalline materials, the neutron absorbing material having a combination of superior neutron capture cross sections coupled with enhanced resistance to corrosion, oxidation and leaching.
Branagan, Daniel J. (Idaho Falls, ID); Smolik, Galen R. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Physics @ Oxford SCATTERING NEUTRONS
1 Neutron Scattering Society of America (NSSA) Purpose and New Initiatives www.neutronscattering.org SNS/ANL School on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering June 2011 Visit us now on Facebook #12;2 What is the NSSA? NSSA is an organization of scientists and engineers with a common interest in using neutron
Herz, Laura M.
Arsenic activation neutron detector
A detector of bursts of neutrons from a deuterium-deuteron reaction includes a quantity of arsenic adjacent a gamma detector such as a scintillator and photomultiplier tube. The arsenic is activated by the 2.5-MeV neutrons to release gamma radiation which is detected to give a quantitative representation of detected neutrons.
Jacobs, E.L.
High energy neutron dosimeter
A device for measuring dose equivalents in neutron radiation fields is described. The device includes nested symmetrical hemispheres (forming spheres) of different neutron moderating materials that allow the measurement of dose equivalents from 0.025 eV to past 1 GeV. The layers of moderating material surround a spherical neutron counter. The neutron counter is connected by an electrical cable to an electrical sensing means which interprets the signal from the neutron counter in the center of the moderating spheres. The spherical shape of the device allows for accurate measurement of dose equivalents regardless of its positioning. 2 figures.
Rai, K.S.F.
A device for measuring dose equivalents in neutron radiation fields. The device includes nested symmetrical hemispheres (forming spheres) of different neutron moderating materials that allow the measurement of dose equivalents from 0.025 eV to past 1 GeV. The layers of moderating material surround a spherical neutron counter. The neutron counter is connected by an electrical cable to an electrical sensing means which interprets the signal from the neutron counter in the center of the moderating spheres. The spherical shape of the device allows for accurate measurement of dose equivalents regardless of its positioning.
Sun, Rai Ko S.F. (Albany, CA)
Mixed field dosimetry of epithermal neutron beams for boron neutron capture therapy at the MITR-II research reactor
During the past several years, there has been growing interest in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) using epithermal neutron beams. The dosimetry of these beams is challenging. The incident beam is comprised mostly of epithermal neutrons, but there is some contamination from photons and fast neutrons. Within the patient, the neutron spectrum changes rapidly as the incident epithermal neutrons scatter and thermalize, and a photon field is generated from neutron capture in hydrogen. In this paper, a method to determine the doses from thermal and fast neutrons, photons, and the B-10([ital n],[alpha])Li-7 reaction is presented. The photon and fast neutron doses are measured with ionization chambers, in realistic phantoms, using the dual chamber technique. The thermal neutron flux is measured with gold foils using the cadmium difference technique; the thermal neutron and B-10 doses are determined by the kerma factor method. Representative results are presented for a unilateral irradiation of the head. Sources of error in the method as applied to BNCT dosimetry, and the uncertainties in the calculated doses are discussed.
Rogus, R.D.; Harling, O.K.; Yanch, J.C. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States))
Spallation Neutron Source, SNS
Spallation Neutron Source Spallation Neutron Source Providing the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world... Accumulator Ring Commissioning Latest Step for Spallation Neutron Source The Spallation Neutron Source, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has passed another milestone on the way to completion this year--the commissioning of the proton accumulator ring. Brookhaven led the design and construction of the accumulator ring, which will allow an order of magnitude more beam power than any other facility in the world. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source being built in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, by the U.S. Department of Energy. The figure on the right shows a schematic of the accumulator ring and transport beam lines that are being designed and built by Brookhaven
The method and means for controlling the neutron density in a nuclear reactor is described. It describes the method and means for flattening the neutron density distribution curve across the reactor by spacing the absorbing control members to varying depths in the central region closer to the center than to the periphery of the active portion of the reactor to provide a smaller neutron reproduction ratio in the region wherein the members are inserted, than in the remainder of the reactor thereby increasing the over-all potential power output.
Young, G.J.
Imaging and Neutrons - IAN 2006 - Neutron Sciences
SNS Home Saturday, January 11, 2014 SNS Home Saturday, January 11, 2014 Go IAN 2006 Imaging and Neutrons 2006 October 23-25, 2006 Iran Thomas Auditorium Central Laboratory and Office Building Spallation Neutron Source Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Who Should Attend Synopsis Goals and Expected Outcomes Application Areas Techniques International Advisory Committee Local Organizing Committee Agenda with Presentations NEW Confirmed Speakers Frequently Asked Questions - FAQ Satellite Workshop - Progress in Electron Volt Neutron Spectroscopy eV Worshop Agenda presentations NEW Lodging, Transportation, Bus Schedule Location Directions and Map Registration CLOSED Abstracts, Posters, Contributed Talks Scholarships Sponsors Vendors May Attend Relevant Reports Important Dates Weather Attractions
The Neutron Residual Stress Mapping Facility at HFIR | ORNL Neutron...
Neutron Residual Stress Mapping Facility at HFIR Neutron Residual Stress Mapping Facility (HB-2B) Neutron Residual Stress Mapping Facility (HB-2B). The HB-2B beam port is optimized...
Neutron sources and applications
Review of Neutron Sources and Applications was held at Oak Brook, Illinois, during September 8--10, 1992. This review involved some 70 national and international experts in different areas of neutron research, sources, and applications. Separate working groups were asked to (1) review the current status of advanced research reactors and spallation sources; and (2) provide an update on scientific, technological, and medical applications, including neutron scattering research in a number of disciplines, isotope production, materials irradiation, and other important uses of neutron sources such as materials analysis and fundamental neutron physics. This report summarizes the findings and conclusions of the different working groups involved in the review, and contains some of the best current expertise on neutron sources and applications.
Price, D.L. [ed.] [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Rush, J.J. [ed.] [National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
Tailoring the Neutron Spectrum from a 14-MeV Neutron Generator to Approximate a Spontaneous-Fission Spectrum
Many applications of neutrons for non-invasive measurements began with isotopic sources such as AmBe or Cf-252. Political factors have rendered AmBe undesirable in the United States and other countries, and the supply of Cf-252 is limited and significantly increasing in price every few years. Compact and low-power deuterium-tritium (DT) electronic neutron generators can often provide sufficient flux, but the 14-MeV neutron spectrum is much more energetic (harder) than an isotopic neutron source. A series of MCNP simulations were run to examine the extent to which the 14-MeV DT neutron spectrum could be softened through the use of high-Z and low-Z materials. Some potential concepts of operation require a portable neutron generator system, so the additional weight of extra materials is also a trade-off parameter. Using a reference distance of 30 cm from the source, the average neutron energy can be lowered to be less than that of either AmBe or Cf-252, while obtaining an increase in flux at the reference distance compared to a bare neutron generator. This paper discusses the types and amounts of materials used, the resulting neutron spectra, neutron flux levels, and associated photon production.
James Simpson; David Chichester
Spallation Neutron Source
D/gim D/gim Spallation Neutron Source SNS is an accelerator-based neutron source. This one-of-a-kind facility pro- vides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world. When ramped up to its full beam power of 1.4 MW, SNS will be eight times more powerful than today's best facility. It will give researchers more detailed snapshots of the smallest samples of physical and biological materials than ever before
Industry - ORNL Neutron Sciences
Industry banner Industry banner Neutron scattering research has applications in practically every field, and neutron research at ORNL is leading to productive partnerships with the industrial and business communities. We welcome proposals for all types of research, including those involving proprietary work. Recent studies have led to discoveries with potential applications in fields such as medicine, energy, and various metals technologies. For more information, please see our recent research highlights. Research Collaborations Industry-Driven Research Benefits Plastics Manufacturing Corning uses VULCAN to test limits of ceramic material for car emission controls, filtration devices Neutrons Probe Inner Workings of Batteries Industry and Neutron Science: Working To Make a Match
Neutron-detection apparatus
An atomic fission counting apparatus used for neutron detection is provided with spirally curved electrode plates uniformly spaced apart in a circular array and coated with fissile material.
Kopp, M.K.; Valentine, K.H.
Education | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Matter Physics Neutron Scattering in Quantum Condensed Matter Physics flyer The first cyber enabled collaborative graduate course was launched in Fall semester 2012. It addresses...
Neutron Scattering Web
at neutronsources.org. The information contained here in the Neutron Scattering Web has been transferred to the new site. We will leave the current content here for...
Magnetization of neutron matter
In this paper, we compute magnetization of neutron matter at strong magnetic field using the lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) technique.
Bigdeli, M. [Department of Physics, Zanjan University, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Physics Out Loud - Neutron
Matter Previous Video (Matter) Physics Out Loud Main Index Next Video (Niobium) Niobium Neutron Karl Slifer, a physicist based at the University of New Hampshire and who conducts...
Neutron Scattering Facilities
Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA Peruvian Institute of Nuclear Energy (IPEN), Lima, Peru Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA University of...
Neutron Activation Calculator
... and incoherent scattering cross sections). Source neutrons (Ang, meV or m/s), Density (g/cm 3 or lattice), Thickness (cm). ...
Neutron Spin Filters
... many nice scientific results from the use of high intensity polarized neutrons ... Electromagnetic radiation of exactly the right energy can exert a sort of ...
Neutron Scattering Template
Acknowledgements The graphics used on the Neutron Scattering Web Pages were designed by Tami Sharley (Information and Publishing Services Division) and Jack Carpenter (Intense...
Neutrons in Biology, ORNL
Scattering Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Phone: 865.241.2897 SNS Logo HFIR Logo General Information The unique potential of neutron scattering in structural...
Scattering Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Phone: 865.576.2779 SNS Logo HFIR Logo General Information The unique potential of neutron scattering in structural...
Materials Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Phone: 865.241.5176 SNS Logo HFIR Logo General Information The unique potential of neutron scattering in structural...
ORNL Neutron Sciences Publications
at other facilties by Neutron Sciences Directorate staff. We strongly encourage SNS and HFIR users to submit citation information, including URLs, for all publications regarding...
Towards a Neutron Microscope
Towards a Neutron Microscope. Summary: ... The novel lens is a Wolter Optic similar in design to the telescope of the CHANDRA x-ray observatory. ...
NCNR Neutron Spin Filters
... be characterized either by the transmission asymmetry A ... defined to be the transmissions for neutrons ... P sub n, (solid thick line), transmission T sub n ...
Neutron detection apparatus
Kopp, Manfred K. (Oak Ridge, TN); Valentine, Kenneth H. (Lenoir City, TN)
Neutron diagnostics for mirror hybrids
Fusion-fission (FuFi) hybrids will need instrumentation to diagnose the deuteriumtritium plasma, whose 14-MeV neutron emission is the driver of the sub-critical fission core. While the fission neutron yield rate (Y{sub fi} and hence power P{sub fi}) can be monitored with standard instrumentation, fusion plasmas in hybrids require special diagnostics where the determination of Y{sub th} ({proportional_to}P{sub fu}) is a challenge. Information on Y{sub fu} is essential for assessing the fusion plasma performance which together with Y{sub fi} allows for the validation of the neutron multiplication factor (k) of the subcritical fission core. Diagnostics for hybrid plasmas are heuristically discussed with special reference to straight field line mirror (SFLM). Relevant DT plasma experience from JET and plans for ITER in the main line of fusion research were used as input. It is shown that essential SFLM plasma information can potentially be obtained with proposed instrumentation, but the state of the hybrid plasma must be predictably robust as derived from fully diagnosed dedicated experiments without interface restrictions of the hybrid application.
Kaellne, Jan; Noack, Klaus; Agren, Olov; Gorini, Giuseppe; Tardocchi, Marco; Grosso, Giovanni [Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 256, SE-751 21 Uppsala (Sweden); Universita degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Dip. di Fisica 'G. Occhialini', Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milan (Italy)
Neutrons in Soft Matter Science | Education | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Complex Materials on Mesoscopic Scales Neutron in Soft Matter Science flyer The new cyber-enabled collaborative graduate course "Neutrons in Soft Matter Science: Complex...
Neutron Science Facilities Operating Status | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron Science Facilities Operating Status High Flux Isotope Reactor The reactor is currently operating at 100% power for fuel cycle 449. Spallation Neutron Source SNS is shutdown...
Neutronic Aspects and Recent Experimental Results with ...
... Neutronic Aspects and Recent Experimental Results with Methane Moderators at IUCF Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS). ...
Neutron Diffraction @ TOPAZ
Topaz Guide Bender Topaz Guide Bender Neutron Diffraction @ TOPAZ Workshop on Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction picture 2 September 29 - October 1, 2011 * Spallation Neutron Source * Oak Ridge National Laboratory * Oak Ridge TN, USA TOPAZ 2011 Home Contacts Agenda and Important Deadlines Registration and Payment filler Workshop summary and purpose A workshop on single crystal neutron diffraction will be held at the Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). It will present invited and contributed talks to showcase cutting edge science and examples where neutron diffraction can make significant contributions; and provide training in neutron structure analysis and sample screening for the preparation of instrument beam-time proposals. TOPAZ is a high resolution wavelength-resolved Laue diffractometer with a versatile sample environment. Commissioning user experiments have demonstrated successfully the instrument capability for structural study of a vitamin B12 derivative, ion distribution in Li-ion battery materials, order and disorder in shape memory intermetallics, magnetic phase transition in multiferroic single crystal and functional thin films. The workshop is directed towards experienced neutron diffraction users and new users alike and encourages members to highlight their research and interest in structure analysis and investigation. The workshop will give opportunity to bring your own single crystal and screen sample quality and scattering power on TOPAZ @ room temperature, to evaluate data collection time and quality for an anticipated experiment. Finally, an opportunity to compose a proposal for neutron beam time (http://neutrons.ornl.gov/users/proposals.shtml) with staff will be provided in the framework of the workshop. The workshop format is well suited for researchers to contribute by showcasing their research and bring their research group or graduate student, who would like to test a single crystal sample. User access training for the ORNL neutron scattering facility will be included. It will be valid for future experiments.
NIST: NIF - Neutron Imaging Facility
... 1 above) is located at Beam Tube 2 (BT-2 ... Figure 2. Plan view of the neutron imaging facility ... still a significant amount of high energy neutrons and ...
News & Awards | Neutron Science | ORNL
Awards Events and Conferences Supporting Organizations Neutron Science Home | Science & Discovery | Neutron Science | News and Awards SHARE News and Awards 1-6 of 6 Results...
Neutron and Nano User Meeting
Home Science @ Neutron and Nano Facilities User Workshops Integrated Agendas Venue Travel Information Contacts and Sponsors Registration Talks Neutron and Nano User Meeting August...
Science @ Neutron and Nano Facilities Science @ Neutron and Nano Facilities: Complementary Techniques Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building 5200 Tuesday-Wednesday, August 13-14,...
Processed Engineered Fuels Derived From Paper and Plastics --Techno-Economic Factors and Regulatory Issues in a Competitive Market
boilers, cement kilns, and emerging gasification technologies, and concluded that co firing ASR with MSW on the performance of PEF in industrial and utility boilers is limited. Test burns of densified PEF co-fired. The same paper reported favorable results co-firing a similar paper derived fuel with coal at the Otter
Columbia University
A reactor comprising fissionable material in concentration sufficiently high so that the average neutron enengy within the reactor is at least 25,000 ev is described. A natural uranium blanket surrounds the reactor, and a moderating reflector surrounds the blanket. The blanket is thick enough to substantially eliminate flow of neutrons from the reflector.
Soodak, H.; Wigner, E.P.
Microdosimetric investigations at the fast neutron therapy facility at Fermilab
Microdosimetry was used to investigate three issues at the neutron therapy facility (NTF) at Fermilab. Firstly, the conversion factor from absorbed dose in A-150 tissue equivalent plastic to absorbed dose in ICRU tissue was determined. For this, the effective neutron kerma factor ratios, i.e., oxygen tissue equivalent plastic and carbon to A-150 tissue equivalent plastic, were measured in the neutron beam. An A-150 tissue equivalent plastic to ICRU tissue absorbed dose conversion factor of 0.92 {+-} 0.04 was determined. Secondly, variations in the radiobiological effectiveness (RBE) in the beam were mapped by determining variations in two related quantities, e{sup *} and R, with field size and depth in tissue. Maximal variation in e{sup *} and R of 9% and 15% respectively were determined. Lastly, the feasibility of utilizing the boron neutron capture reaction on boron-10 to selectively enhance the tumor dose in the NTF beam was investigated.
Langen, K.M.
Neutron Scattering Software
Software Software A new portal for neutron scattering has just been established at neutronsources.org. The information contained here in the Neutron Scattering Web has been transferred to the new site. We will leave the current content here for archival purposes but no new content will be added. We encourage everyone interested in neutron scattering to take full advantage of this exciting new resource for our community. Neutronsources.org Data Formats NeXus: Neutron and X-ray Data Format Crystallographic Binary Format (CBF/imgCIF) Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) Data Analysis and Visualization Data Analysis for Neutron Scattering Experiments (DANSE): distributed data analysis project Large Array Manipulation Program (LAMP): IDL-based data analysis and visualization
Industry and Neutron Science Industry and Neutron Science Industry and Neutron Science: Working To Make a Match "In fundamental research, we want to know everything. Industry wants to know enough to answer a question." Research Contact: Mike Crawford September 2011, Written by Deborah Counce Mike Crawford and Souleymane Diallo Mike Crawford of Dupont (right) and Souleymane Diallo, instrument scientist for the Backscattering Spectrometer at SNS, prepare a material sample for an experiment on the instrument. Industrial users are starting to eye the potential of neutron science for solving problems that can't be solved in any other way. At the same time, the SNS and HFIR neutron science facilities at ORNL are exploring ways to woo such users and to make a match of it, to the benefit of both.
Pocked surface neutron detector
The detection efficiency, or sensitivity, of a neutron detector material such as of Si, SiC, amorphous Si, GaAs, or diamond is substantially increased by forming one or more cavities, or holes, in its surface. A neutron reactive material such as of elemental, or any compound of, .sup.10 B, .sup.6 Li, .sup.6 LiF, U, or Gd is deposited on the surface of the detector material so as to be disposed within the cavities therein. The portions of the neutron reactive material extending into the detector material substantially increase the probability of an energetic neutron reaction product in the form of a charged particle being directed into and detected by the neutron detector material.
McGregor, Douglas (Whitmore Lake, MI); Klann, Raymond (Bolingbrook, IL)
Objects of various shapes, with some appreciable hydrogen content, were exposed to fast neutrons from a pulsed D-T generator, resulting in a partially-moderated spectrum of backscattered neutrons. The thermal component of the backscatter was used to form images of the objects by means of a coded aperture thermal neutron imaging system. Timing signals from the neutron generator were used to gate the detection system so as to record only events consistent with thermal neutrons traveling the distance between the target and the detector. It was shown that this time-of-flight method provided a significant improvement in image contrast compared to counting all events detected by the position-sensitive {sup 3}He proportional chamber used in the imager. The technique may have application in the detection and shape-determination of land mines, particularly non-metallic types.
Pulsed neutron detector
A pulsed neutron detector and system for detecting low intensity fast neutron pulses has a body of beryllium adjacent a body of hydrogenous material the latter of which acts as a beta particle detector, scintillator, and moderator. The fast neutrons (defined as having En>1.5 MeV) react in the beryllium and the hydrogenous material to produce larger numbers of slow neutrons than would be generated in the beryllium itself and which in the beryllium generate hellium-6 which decays and yields beta particles. The beta particles reach the hydrogenous material which scintillates to yield light of intensity related to the number of fast neutrons. A photomultiplier adjacent the hydrogenous material (scintillator) senses the light emission from the scintillator. Utilization means, such as a summing device, sums the pulses from the photo-multiplier for monitoring or other purposes.
Robertson, deceased, J. Craig (late of Albuquerque, NM); Rowland, Mark S. (Livermore, CA)
Biological effectiveness of neutron irradiation on animals and man
Neutron experiments on a highly radiosensitive in vivo system - oocytes in mice - provide new insight into the nature of the radiosensitive targets of these important cells. With the radiobiological literature as background, neutron data from animals and humans are integrated, and the controversial question of radiation protection standards for neutrons is addressed. Oocyte killing in juvenile mice by 0.43-MeV, /sup 252/Cf-fission, and 15 MeV neutrons, compared with that by /sup 60/Co gamma rays, yields unusually low neutron RBEs (relative biological effectiveness). At 0.1 rad of 0.43-MeV neutrons the RBE is only 1.8, contrasting greatly with values of 100 or more reported at low-doses for other endpoints. In mice just prior to birth, however, when oocytes are less radiosensitive, the neutron RBE is much higher, similar to values for most other mammalian endpoints. This dramatic change in neutron RBE with mouse age (occurring within 2 to 3 days) can be explained as the result of a shift from a less radiosensitive target (presumably nuclear DNA) to a much more radiosensitive one (probably the oocyte plasma membrane). Using various approaches, a value for the neutron Quality Factor (Q, a radiation protection standard) is estimated as 17 (+-100%), much lower than 100 which has been suggested. With the large uncertainty, 17 is not markedly different from the value of 10 presently in general use.
Straume, T.
Single-crystal neutron diffraction measures the elastic Bragg reflection intensities from crystals of a material, the structure of which is the subject of investigation. A single crystal is placed in a beam of neutrons produced at a nuclear reactor or at a proton accelerator-based spallation source. Single-crystal diffraction measurements are commonly made at thermal neutron beam energies, which correspond to neutron wavelengths in the neighborhood of 1 Angstrom. For high-resolution studies requiring shorter wavelengths (ca. 0.3-0.8 Angstroms), a pulsed spallation source or a high-temperature moderator (a ''hot source'') at a reactor may be used. When complex structures with large unit-cell repeats are under investigation, as is the case in structural biology, a cryogenic-temperature moderator (a ''cold source'') may be employed to obtain longer neutron wavelengths (ca. 4-10 Angstroms). A single-crystal neutron diffraction analysis will determine the crystal structure of the material, typically including its unit cell and space group, the positions of the atomic nuclei and their mean-square displacements, and relevant site occupancies. Because the neutron possesses a magnetic moment, the magnetic structure of the material can be determined as well, from the magnetic contribution to the Bragg intensities. This latter aspect falls beyond the scope of the present unit; for information on magnetic scattering of neutrons see Unit 14.3. Instruments for single-crystal diffraction (single-crystal diffractometers or SCDs) are generally available at the major neutron scattering center facilities. Beam time on many of these instruments is available through a proposal mechanism. A listing of neutron SCD instruments and their corresponding facility contacts is included in an appendix accompanying this unit.
Physics of solar neutron production: Questionable detection of neutrons
) A short introduction is given to astrophysics of neutron stars and to physics of dense matter in neutron stars. Observed properties of astro- physical objects containing neutron stars are discussed. Current scenarios regarding formation and evolution of neutron stars in those objects are presented. Physical
Share, Gerald
Versatile neutron NDA
Non-destructive analysis (NDA) of bulk samples is a major tool in international safeguards and domestic MC&A. Yet, enhancements are needed to reduce inspection time, financial cost, and radiation exposure-while improving reliability and accuracy-particularly for mixtures of fissile and fertile isotopes. Perhaps the greatest remaining direction for NDA improvement is the development of a single controllable neutron source that would add versatility and capability. One of the primary prospects is a switchable radioactive neutron source (SRNS) that has been under advanced-concept development at Argonne with DOE funding. The SRNS would be in a sealed capsule that can be remotely switched on and off, or pulsed at a controllable rate. Li({alpha}, n) or Be({alpha}, n) reactions could give a choice of sub-threshold or hard-spectrum neutrons at yields ranging from 10{sup 4}/s to more than 10{sup 8}s. The SRNS would provide improved capabilities for (1) simultaneous or alternating interrogation with fast and slow neutrons, (2) detection of the first few seconds of delayed neutrons, (3) measurements in the presence of high neutron and/or gamma background, and (4) inspection of heterogeneous materials. When the neutrons are switched off, the source would be portable with vastly reduced shielding. Proof-of-concept with a single switchable plate has been established under laboratory conditions.
DeVolpi, A.
Advanced High Temperature Reactor Neutronic Core Design
The AHTR is a 3400 MW(t) FHR class reactor design concept intended to serve as a central generating station type power plant. While significant technology development and demonstration remains, the basic design concept appears sound and tolerant of much of the remaining performance uncertainty. No fundamental impediments have been identified that would prevent widespread deployment of the concept. This paper focuses on the preliminary neutronic design studies performed at ORNL during the fiscal year 2011. After a brief presentation of the AHTR design concept, the paper summarizes several neutronic studies performed at ORNL during 2011. An optimization study for the AHTR core is first presented. The temperature and void coefficients of reactivity are then analyzed for a few configurations of interest. A discussion of the limiting factors due to the fast neutron fluence follows. The neutronic studies conclude with a discussion of the control and shutdown options. The studies presented confirm that sound neutronic alternatives exist for the design of the AHTR to maintain full passive safety features and reasonable operation conditions.
Ilas, Dan [ORNL; Holcomb, David Eugene [ORNL; Varma, Venugopal Koikal [ORNL
Eleventh DOE workshop on personnel neutron dosimetry
Since its formation, the Office of Health (EH-40) has stressed the importance of the exchange of information related to and improvements in neutron dosimetry. This Workshop was the eleventh in the series sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE). It provided a forum for operational personnel at DOE facilities to discuss current issues related to neutron dosimetry and for leading investigators in the field to discuss promising approaches for future research. A total of 26 papers were presented including the keynote address by Dr. Warren K. Sinclair, who spoke on, ``The 1990 Recommendations of the ICRP and their Biological Background.`` The first several papers discussed difficulties in measuring neutrons of different energies and ways of compensating or deriving correction factors at individual facilities. Presentations were also given by the US Navy and Air Force. Current research in neutron dosimeter development was the subject of the largest number of papers. These included a number on the development of neutron spectrometers. Selected papers were processed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.
Not Available
Hypernuclear Physics for Neutron Stars
The role of hypernuclear physics for the physics of neutron stars is delineated. Hypernuclear potentials in dense matter control the hyperon composition of dense neutron star matter. The three-body interactions of nucleons and hyperons determine the stiffness of the neutron star equation of state and thereby the maximum neutron star mass. Two-body hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions give rise to hyperon pairing which exponentially suppresses cooling of neutron stars via the direct hyperon URCA processes. Non-mesonic weak reactions with hyperons in dense neutron star matter govern the gravitational wave emissions due to the r-mode instability of rotating neutron stars.
Jurgen Schaffner-Bielich
A method is presented for preparing a neutron source from polonium-210 and substances, such as beryllium and boron, characterized by emission of neutrons upon exposure to alpha particles from the polonium. According to the invention, a source is prepared by placing powdered beryllium and a platinum foil electroplated with polonium-2;.0 in a beryllium container. The container is sealed and then heated by induction to a temperature of 450 to 1100 deg C to volatilize the polonium off the foil into the powder. The heating step is terminated upon detection of a maximum in the neutron flux level.
Birden, J.H.
Switchable radioactive neutron source device
This invention is a switchable neutron generating apparatus comprised of a pair of plates, the first plate having an alpha emitter section on it and the second plate having a target material portion on it which generates neutrons when its nuclei absorb an alpha particle. In operation, the alpha portion of the first plate is aligned with the neutron portion of the second plate to produce neutrons and brought out of alignment to cease production of neutrons. 3 figs.
Stanford, G.S.; Rhodes, E.A.; Devolpi, A.; Boyar, R.E.
PartTec PartTec ORNL, PartTec Inc. Licensing Agreement ORNL and PartTec sign licensing agreement (Front) ORNL Deputy Director for Science & Technology Thomas Zacharia and PartTec CEO Herschel Workman. (Back) Bruce Hannan (SNS), PartTec production manager Craig Kline, Rick Riedel (SNS), Jason Hodges (SNS) and Ron Cooper (SNS). The SNS guys were on the development team. Representatives from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and PartTec, an Indiana-based firm, formally signed a licensing agreement Thursday, Aug. 12, to market an advanced neutron detector system developed for the Spallation Neutron Source. The Shifting Scintillator Neutron Detector can determine the time and position of captured neutrons, which enables researchers to obtain very accurate time-of-flight measurements.
Education banner Education banner Sunil Sinha A Chat with Sunil Sinha, Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of California-San Diego and speaker at the recent CNMS-SNS Research Forum more... The purpose of the Spallation Neutron Source and the High Flux Isotope Reactor is to facilitate neutron scattering as an integral tool for scientific research and technological development across many scientific and engineering domains within the scientific, academic,and industrial communities. Coupled with this role is a recognized need to inspire, educate, and facilitate the next generation of users and hence foster enhanced use of the unique neutron scattering facilities at ORNL. This is the central theme of the education activities within the Neutron Sciences Directorate (NScD).
ORNL Neutron Sciences Instruments
Instruments banner Instruments banner ORNL Neutron Sciences Instruments SNS and HFIR provide researchers with two complementary world-class suites of neutron scattering instruments and beam lines. All the instruments are supported by a variety of sample environments and data analysis and visualization capabilities. Before submitting a proposal for a specific instrument, please contact the appropriate instrument scientist to make sure your research is feasible for that instrument. Instruments Currently Available to Users SNS Beam Line Instrument Name HFIR Beam Line Instrument Name 1B NOMAD Nanoscale-Ordered Materials Diffractometer CG-1 Development Beam Line 2 BASIS Backscattering Spectrometer CG-1D IMAGING Neutron Imaging Prototype Facility 3 SNAP Spallation Neutrons and Pressure Diffractometer CG-2 GP-SANS
Awards | Neutron Science | ORNL
| Neutron Science | News and Awards | Awards SHARE Awards for Excellence 1-2 of 2 Results ORNL team wins R&D 100 award for wavelength-shifting scintillator detector January...
Neutron personnel dosimetry
The current state-of-the-art in neutron personnel dosimetry is reviewed. Topics covered include dosimetry needs and alternatives, current dosimetry approaches, personnel monitoring devices, calibration strategies, and future developments. (ACR)
Griffith, R.V.
Neutron Scattering Science User ...
Proposals for beam time at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will be accepted via the web-based proposal system...
ORNL Neutron Sciences Users
SHUG banner SNS-HFIR User Group The SNS-HFIR User Group (SHUG) consists of all persons interested in using the neutron scattering facilities at Oak Ridge. It provides input to the...
Clifford G. Shull, Neutron Diffraction, Hydrogen Atoms, and Neutron
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Clifford Shull, Neutron Diffraction, and Neutron Scattering Clifford Shull, Neutron Diffraction, and Neutron Scattering Resources with Additional Information Clifford G. Shull was awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the development of the neutron diffraction technique". 'Professor Shull's prize was awarded for his pioneering work in neutron scattering, a technique that reveals where atoms are within a material like ricocheting bullets reveal where obstacles are in the dark. Clifford Shull Photo Courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory When a beam of neutrons is directed at a given material, the neutrons bounce off, or are scattered by, atoms in the sample being investigated. The neutrons' directions change, depending on the location of the atoms they hit, and a diffraction pattern of the atoms' positions can then be obtained.
A method of measuring the instantaneous intensity of neutron flux in the core of a nuclear reactor is described. A target gas capable of being transmuted by neutron bombardment to a product having a resonance absorption line nt a particular microwave frequency is passed through the core of the reactor. Frequency-modulated microwave energy is passed through the target gas and the attenuation of the energy due to the formation of the transmuted product is measured. (AEC)
Russell, J.T.
A method is presented for preparing a more efficient neutron source comprising inserting in a container a quantity of Po-210, inserting B powder coated with either Ag, Pt, or Ni. The container is sealed and then slowly heated to about 450 C to volatilize the Po and effect combination of the coated powder with the Po. The neutron flux emitted by the unit is moritored and the heating step is terminated when the flux reaches a maximum or selected level.
ORNL Neutron Sciences Directorate Executive Office
Neutron Sciences Directorate Executive Office Kelly Beierschmitt ORNL Associate Laboratory Director for Neutron Sciences Kelly Beierschmitt. The Neutron Sciences Directorate (NScD)...
Facilities and Capabilities | Neutron Science | ORNL
Isotope Reactor and the Spallation Neutron Source. The continuous neutron source at HFIR and the pulsed neutron source at SNS complement each other well and, along with their...
Science Education Programs | Neutron Science | ORNL
What are Neutrons Why Research with Neutrons Graduate & Post-doctoral Programs Student & Teacher Programs Science Forum Neutron Scattering Tutorials Kids' Corner News and Awards...
Polarized neutrons in RHIC
There does not appear to be any obvious way to accelerate neutrons, polarized or otherwise, to high energies by themselves. To investigate the behavior of polarized neutrons the authors therefore have to obtain them by accelerating them as components of heavier nuclei, and then sorting out the contribution of the neutrons in the analysis of the reactions produced by the heavy ion beams. The best neutron carriers for this purpose are probably {sup 3}He nuclei and deuterons. A polarized deuteron is primarily a combination of a proton and a neutron with their spins pointing in the same direction; in the {sup 3}He nucleus the spins of the two protons are opposite and the net spin (and magnetic moment) is almost the same as that of a free neutron. Polarized ions other than protons may be accelerated, stored and collided in a ring such as RHIC provided the techniques proposed for polarized proton operation can be adapted (or replaced by other strategies) for these ions. This paper discusses techniques for accelerating polarized {sup 3}He nuclei and deuterons.
Courant, E.D.
The synchronous active neutron detection system for spent fuel assay
The authors have begun to develop a novel technique for active neutron assay of fissile material in spent nuclear fuel. This approach will exploit the unique operating features of a 14-MeV neutron generator developed by Schlumberger. This generator and a novel detection system will be applied to the direct measurement of the fissile material content in spent fuel in place of the indirect measures used at present. The technique they are investigating is termed synchronous active neutron detection (SAND). It closely follows a method that has been used routinely in other branches of physics to detect very small signals in the presence of large backgrounds. Synchronous detection instruments are widely available commercially and are termed {open_quotes}lock-in{close_quotes} amplifiers. The authors have implemented a digital lock-in amplifier in conjunction with the Schlumberger neutron generator to explore the possibility of synchronous detection with active neutrons. This approach is possible because the Schlumberger system can operate at up to a 50% duty factor, in effect, a square wave of neutron yield. The results to date are preliminary but quite promising. The system is capable of resolving the fissile material contained in a small fraction of the fuel rods in a cold fuel assembly. It also appears to be quite resilient to background neutron interference. The interrogating neutrons appear to be nonthermal and penetrating. Although a significant amount of work remains to fully explore the relevant physics and optimize the instrument design, the underlying concept appears sound.
Pickrell, M.M.; Kendall, P.K.
Uncertainty evaluation of delayed neutron decay parameters
In a nuclear reactor, delayed neutrons play a critical role in sustaining a controllable chain reaction. Delayed neutronÆs relative yields and decay constants are very important for modeling reactivity control and have been studied for decades. Researchers have tried different experimental and numerical methods to assess these delayed neutron parameters. The reported parameter values vary widely, much more than the small statistical errors reported with these parameters. Interestingly, the reported parameters fit their individual measurement data well in spite of these differences. This dissertation focuses on evaluation of the errors and methods of delayed neutron relative yields and decay constants for thermal fission of U-235. Various numerical methods used to extract the delayed neutron parameter from the measured data, including Matrix Inverse, Levenberg-Marquardt, and Quasi-Newton methods, were studied extensively using simulated delayed neutron data. This simulated data was Poisson distributed around KeepinÆs theoretical data. The extraction methods produced totally different results for the same data set, and some of the above numerical methods could not even find solutions for some data sets. Further investigation found that ill-conditioned matrices in the objective function were the reason for the inconsistent results. To find a reasonable solution with small variation, a regularization parameter was introduced using a numerical method called Ridge Regression. The results from the Ridge Regression method, in terms of goodness of fit to the data, were good and often better than the other methods. Due to the introduction of a regularization number in the algorithm, the fitted result contains a small additional bias, but this method can guarantee convergence no matter how large the coefficient matrix condition number. Both saturation and pulse modes were simulated to focus on different groups. Some of the factors that affect the solution stability were investigated including initial count rate, sample flight time, initial guess values. Finally, because comparing reported delayed neutron parameters among different experiments is useless to determine if their data actually differs, methods are proposed that can be used to compare the delayed neutron data sets.
Wang, Jinkai
Much of our understanding of the atomic-scale magnetic structure and the dynamical properties of solids and liquids was gained from neutron-scattering studies. Elastic and inelastic neutron spectroscopy provided physicists with an unprecedented, detailed access to spin structures, magnetic-excitation spectra, soft-modes and critical dynamics at magnetic-phase transitions, which is unrivaled by other experimental techniques. Because the neutron has no electric charge, it is an ideal weakly interacting and highly penetrating probe of matter's inner structure and dynamics. Unlike techniques using photon electric fields or charged particles (e.g., electrons, muons) that significantly modify the local electronic environment, neutron spectroscopy allows determination of a material's intrinsic, unperturbed physical properties. The method is not sensitive to extraneous charges, electric fields, and the imperfection of surface layers. Because the neutron is a highly penetrating and non-destructive probe, neutron spectroscopy can probe the microscopic properties of bulk materials (not just their surface layers) and study samples embedded in complex environments, such as cryostats, magnets, and pressure cells, which are essential for understanding the physical origins of magnetic phenomena. Neutron scattering is arguably the most powerful and versatile experimental tool for studying the microscopic properties of the magnetic materials. The magnitude of the cross-section of the neutron magnetic scattering is similar to the cross-section of nuclear scattering by short-range nuclear forces, and is large enough to provide measurable scattering by the ordered magnetic structures and electron spin fluctuations. In the half-a-century or so that has passed since neutron beams with sufficient intensity for scattering applications became available with the advent of the nuclear reactors, they have became indispensable tools for studying a variety of important areas of modern science, ranging from large-scale structures and dynamics of polymers and biological systems, to electronic properties of today's technological materials. Neutron scattering developed into a vast field, encompassing many different experimental techniques aimed at exploring different aspects of matter's atomic structure and dynamics. Modern magnetic neutron scattering includes several specialized techniques designed for specific studies and/or particular classes of materials. Among these are magnetic reflectometry aimed at investigating surfaces, interfaces, and multilayers, small-angle scattering for the large-scale structures, such as a vortex lattice in a superconductor, and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy for glasses and polymers. Each of these techniques and many others offer exciting opportunities for examining magnetism and warrant extensive reviews, but the aim of this chapter is not to survey how different neutron-scattering methods are used to examine magnetic properties of different materials. Here, we concentrate on reviewing the basics of the magnetic neutron scattering, and on the recent developments in applying one of the oldest methods, the triple axis spectroscopy, that still is among the most extensively used ones. The developments discussed here are new and have not been coherently reviewed. Chapter 2 of this book reviews magnetic small-angle scattering, and modern techniques of neutron magnetic reflectometry are discussed in Chapter 3.
Neutronic analysis of a fusion hybrid reactor
In a PHYSOR 2010 paper(1) we introduced a fusion hybrid reactor whose fusion component is the gasdynamic mirror (GDM), and whose blanket was made of thorium - 232. The thrust of that study was to demonstrate the performance of such a reactor by establishing the breeding of uranium - 233 in the blanket, and the burning thereof to produce power. In that analysis, we utilized the diffusion equation for one-energy neutron group, namely, those produced by the fusion reactions, to establish the power distribution and density in the system. Those results should be viewed as a first approximation since the high energy neutrons are not effective in inducing fission, but contribute primarily to the production of actinides. In the presence of a coolant, however, such as water, these neutrons tend to thermalize rather quickly, hence a better assessment of the reactor performance would require at least a two group analysis, namely the fast and thermal groups. We follow that approach and write an approximate set of equations for the fluxes of these groups. From these relations we deduce the all-important quantity, k{sub eff}, which we utilize to compute the multiplication factor, and subsequently, the power density in the reactor. We show that k{sub eff} can be made to have a value of 0.99, thus indicating that 100 thermal neutrons are generated per fusion neutron, while allowing the system to function as 'subcritical.' Moreover, we show that such a hybrid reactor can generate hundreds of megawatts of thermal power per cm of length depending on the flux of the fusion neutrons impinging on the blanket. (authors)
Kammash, T. [Univ. of Michigan, NERS, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States)
Neutron lifetime measurements using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons
Our experiment using gravitationally trapped ultracold neutrons (UCN) to measure the neutron lifetime is reviewed. Ultracold neutrons were trapped in a material bottle covered with perfluoropolyether. The neutron lifetime was deduced from comparison of UCN losses in the traps with different surface-to-volume ratios. The precise value of the neutron lifetime is of fundamental importance to particle physics and cosmology. In this experiment, the UCN storage time is brought closer to the neutron lifetime than in any experiments before:the probability of UCN losses from the trap was only 1% of that for neutron beta decay. The neutron lifetime obtained,878.5+/-0.7stat+/-0.3sys s, is the most accurate experimental measurement to date.
A. P. Serebrov; V. E. Varlamov; A. G. Kharitonov; A. K. Fomin; Yu. N. Pokotilovski; P. Geltenbort; I. A. Krasnoschekova; M. S. Lasakov; R. R. Taldaev; A. V. Vassiljev; O. M. Zherebtsov
NEUTRON DETECTOR BENEFITS Portable, ... High Flux Isotope Reactor and Spallation Neutron Source. Several Homeland Security. LINKS TO ONLINE ...
Portable Neutron Sensors for Emergency Response Operations
This slide-show presents neutron measurement work, including design, use and performance of different neutron detection systems.
Mukhopadhyay, S., Maurer, R., Detweiler, R.
Final Report on Actinide Glass Scintillators for Fast Neutron Detection
This is the final report of an experimental investigation of actinide glass scintillators for fast-neutron detection. It covers work performed during FY2012. This supplements a previous report, PNNL-20854 ōInitial Characterization of Thorium-loaded Glasses for Fast Neutron Detectionö (October 2011). The work in FY2012 was done with funding remaining from FY2011. As noted in PNNL-20854, the glasses tested prior to July 2011 were erroneously identified as scintillators. The decision was then made to start from ōscratchö with a literature survey and some test melts with a non-radioactive glass composition that could later be fabricated with select actinides, most likely thorium. The normal stand-in for thorium in radioactive waste glasses is cerium in the same oxidation state. Since cerium in the 3+ state is used as the light emitter in many scintillating glasses, the next most common substitute was used: hafnium. Three hafnium glasses were melted. Two melts were colored amber and a third was clear. It barely scintillated when exposed to alpha particles. The uses and applications for a scintillating fast neutron detector are important enough that the search for such a material should not be totally abandoned. This current effort focused on actinides that have very high neutron capture energy releases but low neutron capture cross sections. This results in very long counting times and poor signal to noise when working with sealed sources. These materials are best for high flux applications and access to neutron generators or reactors would enable better test scenarios. The total energy of the neutron capture reaction is not the only factor to focus on in isotope selection. Many neutron capture reactions result in energetic gamma rays that require large volumes or high densities to detect. If the scintillator is to separate neutrons from gamma rays, the capture reactions should produce heavy particles and few gamma rays. This would improve the detection of a signal for fast neutron capture.
Bliss, Mary; Stave, Jean A.
Neutron beam characterization at the Neutron Radiography Reactor (NRAD)
The Neutron Radiography Reactor (NRAD) is a 250-kW TRIGA Reactor operated by Argonne National Laboratory and is located near Idaho Falls, Idaho. The reactor and its facilities regarding radiography are detailed in another paper at this conference; this paper summarizes neutron flux measurements and calculations that have been performed to better understand and potentially improve the neutronics characteristics of the reactor.
Imel, G.R.; Urbatsch, T.; Pruett, D.P.; Ross, J.R.
Former User Group Chair Enthusiastic About Relevance of Neutron Scattering Former User Group Chair Enthusiastic About Relevance of Neutron Scattering to Industrial Research Former User Group Chair Mike Crawford Mike Crawford, DuPont Research and Development. The drive is intensifying to encourage research partnerships between Neutron Sciences and private industry. Such partnerships, a long-term strategic goal set by the DOE's Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, will deliver industry and its technological problems to SNS and HFIR, where joint laboratory-industry teams can use the unparalleled resources available here to resolve them. "SNS is a tremendous facility. It has the potential to have a couple of thousand user visits a year and, if they build another target station in the future, you're probably talking about 4000 user visits a year,"
Contacts | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Science Points of Contact Science Points of Contact Name Research Area Doug Abernathy Wide Angular-Range Chopper Spectrometer (ARCS). Atomic-scale dynamics at thermal and epithermal energies Ke An Engineering Materials Diffractometer (VULCAN). Residual stress, deformation mechanism of materials, phase transitions/transformation, and in situ/operando neutron diffraction in material systems (e.g., working batteries). John Ankner Liquids Reflectometer (LR). Density profiles normal to the surface at liquid surfaces and liquid interfaces Bryan Chakoumakos Nuclear and magnetic crystal structure systematics and structure-property relationships among inorganic materials, powder and single-crystal neutron and x-ray diffraction methods Leighton Coates Macromolecular Neutron Diffractometer (MaNDi). Protein crystallography, biological structure and function
A method for producing neutrons is described in which there is employed a confinement zone defined between longitudinally spaced localized gradient regions of an elongated magnetic field. Changed particles and neutralizing electrons, more specifically deuterons and tritons and neutralizng electrons, are injected into the confinement field from ion sources located outside the field. The rotational energy of the parrticles is increased at the gradients by imposing an oscillating transverse electrical field thereacross. The imposition of such oscillating transverse electrical fields improves the reflection capability of such gradient fielda so that the reactive particles are retained more effectively within the zone. With the attainment of appropriate densities of plasma particles and provided that such particles are at a sufficiently high temperature, neutron-producing reactions ensue and large quantities of neutrons emerge from the containment zone. (AEC)
Imhoff, D.H.; Harker, W.H.
The invention comprises a neutron detector (50) of very high temporal resolution that is particularly well suited for measuring the fusion reaction neutrons produced by laser-driven inertial confinement fusion targets. The detector comprises a biased two-conductor traveling-wave transmission line (54, 56, 58, 68) having a uranium cathode (60) and a phosphor anode (62) as respective parts of the two conductors. A charge line and Auston switch assembly (70, 72, 74) launch an electric field pulse along the transmission line. Neutrons striking the uranium cathode at a location where the field pulse is passing, are enabled to strike the phosphor anode and produce light that is recorded on photographic film (64). The transmission line may be variously configured to achieve specific experimental goals.
Wang, Ching L. (Livermore, CA)
Personnel electronic neutron dosimeter
A personnel electronic dosimeter includes a neutron-proton and neutron-alpha converter for providing an electrical signal having a magnitude proportional to the energy of a detected proton or alpha particle produced from the converter, a pulse generator circuit for generating a pulse having a duration controlled by the weighed effect of the amplitude of the electrical signal, an oscillator enabled by the pulse for generating a train of clock pulses for a time dependent upon the pulse length, a counter for counting the clock pulses, and an indicator for providing a direct reading and aural alarm when the count indicates that the wearer has been exposed to a selected level of neutron dose equivalent.
Falk, R.B.; Tyree, W.H.
Neutron Scattering Conference Archive
Conference Archive Conference Archive A new portal for neutron scattering has just been established at neutronsources.org. The information contained here in the Neutron Scattering Web has been transferred to the new site. We will leave the current content here for archival purposes but no new content will be added. We encourage everyone interested in neutron scattering to take full advantage of this exciting new resource for our community. Neutronsources.org 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 2000 June 12-14, 2000 Workshop on "New Opportunities for Better User Group Software (NOBUGS III)" Location Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, UK Contact Mark Enderby, Daresbury Laboratory Email email@example.com URL http://nobugs.dl.ac.uk/
There does not appear to be any obvious way to accelerate neutrons, polarized or otherwise, to high energies by themselves. To investigate the behavior of polarized neutrons the authors therefore have to obtain them by accelerating them as components of heavier nuclei, and then sorting out the contribution of the neutrons in the analysis of the reactions produced by the heavy ion beams. The best neutron carriers for this purpose are probably {sup 3}He nuclei and deuterons. A polarized deuteron is primarily a combination of a proton and a neutron with their spins pointing in the same direction; in the {sup 3}He nucleus the spins of the two protons are opposite and the net spin (and magnetic moment) is almost the same as that of a free neutron. Polarized ions other than protons may be accelerated, stored and collided in a ring such as RHIC provided the techniques proposed for polarized proton operation can be adapted (or replaced by other strategies) for these ions. To accelerate polarized particles in a ring, one must make provisions for overcoming the depolarizing resonances that occur at certain energies. These resonances arise when the spin tune (ratio of spin precession frequency to orbit frequency) resonates with a component present in the horizontal field. The horizontal field oscillates with the vertical motion of the particles (due to vertical focusing); its frequency spectrum is dominated by the vertical oscillation frequency and its modulation by the periodic structure of the accelerator ring. In addition, the magnet imperfections that distort the closed orbit vertically contain all integral Fourier harmonics of the orbit frequency.
Corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coatings
A method of forming a corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coating comprising the steps of spray or deposition or sputtering or welding processing to form a composite material made of a spray or deposition or sputtering or welding material, and a neutron absorbing material. Also a corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coating comprising a composite material made of a spray or deposition or sputtering or welding material, and a neutron absorbing material.
Choi, Jor-Shan (El Cerrito, CA); Farmer, Joseph C. (Tracy, CA); Lee, Chuck K. (Hayward, CA); Walker, Jeffrey (Gaithersburg, MD); Russell, Paige (Las Vegas, NV); Kirkwood, Jon (Saint Leonard, MD); Yang, Nancy (Lafayette, CA); Champagne, Victor (Oxford, PA)
Neutron tubes - Energy Innovation Portal
A neutron generating target is positioned so that the ion beam is ... Electricity Transmission; Energy Analysis; Energy Storage; Geothermal; Hydrogen ...
The plane of polarization of a beam of polarized neutrons is changed by this invention, and the plane can be flipped back and forth quicitly in two directions in a trouble-free manner. The invention comprises a guide having a plurality of oppositely directed magnets forming a gap for the neutron beam and the gaps are spaced longitudinally in a spiral along the beam at small stepped angles. When it is desired to flip the plane of polarization the magnets are suitably rotated to change the direction of the spiral of the gaps. (AEC)
Sailor, V.L.; Aichroth, R.W.
This patent relates to a reactor and process for carrying out a controlled fast neutron chain reaction. A cubical reactive mass, weighing at least 920 metric tons, of uranium metal containing predominantly U/sup 238/ and having a U/sup 235/ content of at least 7.63% is assembled and the maximum neutron reproduction ratio is limited to not substantially over 1.01 by insertion and removal of a varying amount of boron, the reactive mass being substantially freed of moderator.
Snell, A.H.
Neutron Absorbing Alloys
The present invention is drawn to new classes of advanced neutron absorbing structural materials for use in spent nuclear fuel applications requiring structural strength, weldability, and long term corrosion resistance. Particularly, an austenitic stainless steel alloy containing gadolinium and less than 5% of a ferrite content is disclosed. Additionally, a nickel-based alloy containing gadolinium and greater than 50% nickel is also disclosed.
Mizia, Ronald E. (Idaho Falls, ID); Shaber, Eric L. (Idaho Falls, ID); DuPont, John N. (Whitehall, PA); Robino, Charles V. (Albuquerque, NM); Williams, David B. (Bethlehem, PA)
Neutronic reactor thermal shield
1. The method of operating a water-cooled neutronic reactor having a graphite moderator which comprises flowing a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide and helium, in which the helium comprises 40-60 volume percent of the mixture, in contact with the graphite moderator.
Neutron Science User Program
provides a user gateway for SNS and HFIR 11 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy #12.) ┬Ę Complementary to SNS HFIR produces the world's highest thermal neutron flux #12;13 UT-Battelle Department infrastructure (REDC, HFIR, etc.): $3B+ national asset ORNL is uniquely positioned to support advanced nuclear
A boron-10 containing reactor control element wherein the boron-10 is dispersed in a matrix material is describeri. The concentration of boron-10 in the matrix varies transversely across the element from a minimum at the surface to a maximum at the center of the element, prior to exposure to neutrons. (AEC)
Beaver, R.J.; Leitten, C.F. Jr.
Neutron proton crystallography station (PCS)
The PCS (Protein Crystallography Station) at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is a unique facility in the USA that is designed and optimized for detecting and collecting neutron diffraction data from macromolecular crystals. PCS utilizes the 20 Hz spallation neutron source at LANSCE to enable time-of-flight measurements using 0.6-7.0 {angstrom} neutrons. This increases the neutron flux on the sample by using a wavelength range that is optimal for studying macromolecular crystal structures. The diagram below show a schematic of PCS and photos of the detector and instrument cave.
Fisher, Zoe [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kovalevsky, Andrey [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Johnson, Hannah [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mustyakimov, Marat [Los Alamos National Laboratory
SNAP: the Spallation Neutrons and Pressure Diffractometer at...
Spallation Neutrons and Pressure Diffractometer at SNS Spallation Neutrons and Pressure Diffractometer. Spallation Neutrons and Pressure Diffractometer. The SNAP Diffractometer...
SNS | Spallation Neutron Source | ORNL
SNS SNS Instruments Working with SNS Contact Us User Program Manager Laura Morris Edwards 865.574.2966 Spallation Neutron Source Home | User Facilities | SNS SNS | Spallation Neutron Source SHARE SNS is an accelerator-based neutron source in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. This one-of-a-kind facility provides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development. The 80-acre SNS site is located on Chestnut Ridge and is part of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Although most people don't know it, neutron scattering research has a lot to do with our everyday lives. For example, things like medicine, food, electronics, and cars and airplanes have all been improved by neutron scattering research. Neutron research also helps scientists improve materials used in a
Coated Fiber Neutron Detector Test
Radiation portal monitors used for interdiction of illicit materials at borders include highly sensitive neutron detection systems. The main reason for having neutron detection capability is to detect fission neutrons from plutonium. The currently deployed radiation portal monitors (RPMs) from Ludlum and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) use neutron detectors based upon 3He-filled gas proportional counters, which are the most common large neutron detector. There is a declining supply of 3He in the world, and thus, methods to reduce the use of this gas in RPMs with minimal changes to the current system designs and sensitivity to cargo-borne neutrons are being investigated. Reported here are the results of tests of the 6Li/ZnS(Ag)-coated non-scintillating plastic fibers option. This testing measured the required performance for neutron detection efficiency and gamma ray rejection capabilities of a system manufactured by Innovative American Technology (IAT).
Lintereur, Azaree T.; Ely, James H.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Stromswold, David C.
Neutron electric polarizability
We use the background field method to extract the "connected" piece of the neutron electric polarizability. We present results for quenched simulations using both clover and Wilson fermions and discuss our experience in extracting the mass shifts and the challenges we encountered when we lowered the quark mass. For the neutron we find that as the pion mass is lowered below $500\\MeV$, the polarizability starts rising in agreement with predictions from chiral perturbation theory. For our lowest pion mass, $m_\\pi=320\\MeV$, we find that $\\alpha_n = 3.8(1.3)\\times 10^{-4}\\fm^3$, which is still only one third of the experimental value. We also present results for the neutral pion; we find that its polarizability turns negative for pion masses smaller than $500\\MeV$ which is puzzling.
Andrei Alexandru; Frank X. Lee
Commissioning of the new high-intensity ultracold neutron source at the Paul Scherrer Institut
Commissioning of the new high-intensity ultracold neutron (UCN) source at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) has started in 2009. The design goal of this new generation high intensity UCN source is to surpass by a factor of ~100 the current ultracold neutron densities available for fundamental physics research, with the greatest thrust coming from the search for a neutron electric dipole moment. The PSI UCN source is based on neutron production via proton induced lead spallation, followed by neutron thermalization in heavy water and neutron cooling in a solid deuterium crystal to cold and ultracold energies. A successful beam test with up to 2 mA proton beam on the spallation target was conducted recently. Most source components are installed, others being finally mounted. The installation is on the track for the first cool-down and UCN production in 2010.
Bernhard Lauss
Neutron Compound Refractive Prisms - DOE SBIR Phase II Final Report
The results of the research led to a pulsed electromagnetic periodic magnetic field array (PMF), which coupled with a pair of collimation slits, and a mechanical chopper slit, were able to deflect spin-up neutrons to a band of line-fused neutrons a focal plane heights that correspond to the time-varying magnetic field amplitude. The electromagnetic field PMF produced 5.4 pulses per minute in which each pulse was 50 msec in duration with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of 7.5 msec. The calculated 7.7 mm vertical height of the band of focused spin-up neutrons corresponded closely to the measured 7.5 mm height of the center line of the imaged band of neutrons. The band of deflected spin-up neutrons was 5 mm in vertical width and the bottom of the band was 5 mm above the surface of the PMF pole. The limited exposure time of 3 hours and the smaller 0.78 T magnetic field allowed focused and near focused neutrons of 1.8 ├?┬?├?┬? to 2.6 ├?┬?├?┬? neutrons, which were in the tails of the McClellan Nuclear Radiation Center Bay 4 Maxwell Boltzmann distribution of neutrons with peak flux at 1.1-1.2 ├?┬?├?┬?. The electromagnetic PMF was expected to produces a 2.0 T peak magnetic field amplitude, which would be operational at a higher duty factor, rather than the as built 7.5 msec FWHM with pulse repetition frequency of 5.4 pulses per minute. The fabricated pulsed electromagnetic PMF with chopper is expected to perform well on a cold, very cold or ultra cold beam line as a spectrometer or monochromator source of spin-up polarized neutron. In fact there may be a possible use of the PMF to do ultra-cold neutron trapping, see paper by A. I. Frank1, V. G. Nosov, Quantum Effects in a One-Dimensional Magnetic Gravitational Trap for Ultracold Neutrons, JETP Letters, Vol. 79, No. 7, 2004, pp. 313├?┬ó├?┬?├?┬?315. The next step is to find a cold or very cold neutron facility, where further testing or use of the pulsed magnetic field PMF can be pursued.
Dr. Jay Theodore Cremer, Jr
A novel thermal reactor was designed in which a first reflector formed from a high atomic weight, nonmoderating material is disposed immediately adjacent to the reactor core. A second reflector composed of a moderating material is disposed outwardly of the first reflector. The advantage of this novel reflector arrangement is that the first reflector provides a high slow neutron flux in the second reflector, where irradiation experiments may be conducted with a small effect on reactor reactivity.
Spinrad, B.I.
Neutron dosimetry at SLAC: Neutron sources and instrumentation
This report summarizes in detail the dosimetric characteristics of the five radioisotopic type neutron sources ({sup 238}PuBe, {sup 252}Cf, {sup 238}PuB, {sup 238}PuF{sub 4}, and {sup 238}PuLi) and the neutron instrumentation (moderated BF{sub 3} detector, Anderson-Braun (AB) detector, AB remmeter, Victoreen 488 Neutron Survey Meter, Beam Shut-Off Ionization Chamber, {sup 12}C plastic scintillator detector, moderated indium foil detector, and moderated and bare TLDs) that are commonly used for neutron dosimetry at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). 36 refs,. 19 figs.
Liu, J.C.; Jenkins, T.M.; McCall, R.C.; Ipe, N.E.
Neutron Detection Using an Embedded Sol-Gel Neutron Absorber
on sol-gel chemistry, uses metallic oxides embedded in a glass film that fission when bombarded with neutrons, producing a signature event in the ...
Review of Non-Neutron and Neutron Nuclear Data, 2004
Review articles are in preparation for the 2004 edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics dealing with the evaluation of both non-neutron and neutron nuclear data. Data on the discovery of element 110, Darmstadtium, and element 111 have been officially accepted, while data on element 118 have been withdrawn. Data to be presented include revised values for very short-lived nuclides, long-lived nuclides, and beta-beta decay measurements. There has been a reassessment of the spontaneous fission (sf) half-lives, which distinguishes between sf decay half-lives and cluster decay half-lives, and with cluster-fission decay. New measurements of isotopic abundance values for many elements will be discussed with an emphasis on the minor isotopes of interest for use in neutron activation analysis measurements. Neutron resonance integrals will be discussed emphasizing the differences between the calculated values obtained from the analytical integration over neutron resonances and the measured values in a neutron reactor-spectrum, which does not quite conform to the assumed 1/E neutron energy spectrum. The method used to determine the neutron resonance integral from measurement, using neutron activation analysis, will be discussed.
Holden, Norman E. [National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States)
Review articles are in preparation for the 2004 edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics dealing with the evaluation of both non-neutron and neutron nuclear data. Data on the discovery of element 110, Darmstadtium, and element 111 have been officially accepted, while data on element 11 8 have been withdrawn. Data to be presented include revised values for very short-lived nuclides, long-lived nuclides and beta-beta decay measurements. There has been a reassessment of the spontaneous fission (sf) half-lives, which distinguishes between sf decay half-lives and cluster decay half-lives and with cluster-fission decay. New measurements of isotopic abundance values for many elements will be discussed with an emphasis on the minor isotopes of interest for use in neutron activation analysis measurements. Neutron resonance integrals will be discussed emphasizing the differences between the calculated values obtained from the analytical integration over neutron resonances and the measured values in a neutron reactor-spectrum, which does not quite conform to the assumed 1/E neutron energy spectrum. The method used to determine the neutron resonance integral from measurement, using neutron activation analysis, will be discussed.
American Conference on Neutron Scattering 2010 - ORNL Neutron...
Update on Sample Environment Plenary Session: Thom Mason: Neutron Scattering and Energy ACNS website with Program Back to Top an error occurred while processing this directive...
Neutron Imaging by Boric Acid
In this paper a new type of passive neutron detector based on the already existing one, CR39, is described. Its operation was verified by three different neutron sources: an Americium-Beryllium (Am241-Be) source; a TRIGA type nuclear reactor; and a fast neutron reactor called TAPIRO. The obtained results, reported here, positively confirm its operation and the accountability of the new developed detecting technique.
Fabio Cardone; Giovanni Cherubini; Walter Perconti; Andrea Petrucci; Alberto Rosada
Awards 2012 | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron Source, and multiscale simulations using the computational resources at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility. This year awards were given to 68 recipients from...
Research Highlights | ORNL Neutron Sciences
reveals semiconducting phase and contributes to new understanding of iron-based superconductors Contact: Huibo Cao Neutron scattering measures samples too hot to hold Contact:...
Imaging Highlights | Neutron Science | ORNL
(3-D) neutron images have been taken of rare archaeological artifacts. Bronze and brass artifacts excavated at the ancient city of Petra, in present day Jordan, were recently...
Archeological Imaging | ORNL Neutron Sciences
NIST Center for Neutron Research
... supported by the National Science Foundation ... Spectroscopy The energy scale of neutrons ( meV ... posted some proposal statistics summarizing the ...
Science @ Neutron and Nano Facilities User Workshops Integrated Agendas Venue Travel Information Contacts and Sponsors Registration Registration is now closed Contact Al Ekkebus,...
Polytechnic Institute used small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) at the High-Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to identify these early stage aggregates in...
BASIS Highlights | ORNL Neutron Sciences
in water and other glass-forming liquids, covering six research collaborations at ORNL Neutron scattering provides window into surface interactions High-performance...
of electrons through the semiconductor. Researchers from the University of Alabama and ORNL used polarized neutrons at the MR to investigate the electronic, magnetic, and...
techniques with neutron scattering at the General-Purpose SANS instrument at the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor. The cell mimics were vesicles (hollow spheres) made of...
Research Highlights For all the latest highlights on research at HFIR and SNS, please see the links at left. Featured Research Neutron diffraction reveals semiconducting phase and...
Neutron Characterization for Additive Manufacturing
such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) shown in Fig. 1 to solve challenging problems in additive manu- facturing (AM)....
News & Events | ORNL Neutron Sciences
or your library directly. December Our Views: Bipartisan state, federal support for SNS necessary Oak Ridger, 1220 The success, thus far, of the Spallation Neutron Source...
Michael Ohl | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Michael Ohl Lead Instrument Scientist: Neutron Spin Echo Spectrometer (NSE), SNS http:www.jcns.info Education PhD in Physics, University of Augsburg, Germany Description of...
by: Agatha Bardoel Melissa Sharp and Michael Ohl at the Neutron Spin Echo Instrument at SNS. Melissa Sharp, NSE instrument scientist, and ORNL biophysicist Alex Johs at the...
Nanotechnology Highlights | Neutron Scoence | ORNL
Nanotechnology SHARE Nanotechnology Highlights 1-4 of 4 Results Neutron Imaging Explored as Complementary Technique for Improving Cancer Detection August 05, 2013 - Today's range...
Portable neutron spectrometer and dosimeter
The disclosure relates to a battery operated neutron spectrometer/dosimeter utilizing a microprocessor, a built-in tissue equivalent LET neutron detector, and a 128-channel pulse height analyzer with integral liquid crystal display. The apparatus calculates doses and dose rates from neutrons incident on the detector and displays a spectrum of rad or rem as a function of keV per micron of equivalent tissue and also calculates and displays accumulated dose in millirads and millirem as well as neutron dose rates in millirads per hour and millirem per hour.
Waechter, David A. (Los Alamos, NM); Erkkila, Bruce H. (Los Alamos, NM); Vasilik, Dennis G. (Los Alamos, NM)
Neutron Science Research Areas | ORNL
Biology and Soft Matter Chemical and Engineering Materials Quantum Condensed Matter Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Research Highlights Facilities and Capabilities...
The Cold Neutron Source core
... walls are necessary for the containment of the ... a recombination of radiolysis products is induced in ... Neutrons are produced by fission with energies ...
Centrifugal quantum states of neutrons
We propose a method for observation of the quasi-stationary states of neutrons, localized near the curved mirror surface. The bounding effective well is formed by the centrifugal potential and the mirror Fermi-potential. This phenomenon is an example of an exactly solvable "quantum bouncer" problem that could be studied experimentally. It could provide a promising tool for studying fundamental neutron-matter interactions, as well as quantum neutron optics and surface physics effects. We develop formalism, which describes quantitatively the neutron motion near the mirror surface. The effects of mirror roughness are taken into account.
V. V. Nesvizhevsky; A. K. Petukhov; K. V. Protasov; A. Yu. Voronin
Neutrons are an invaluable probe in a wide range of scientific, medical and commercial endeavors. Many of these applications require the recording of an image of the neutron signal, either in one-dimension or in two-dimensions. We summarize the reactions of neutrons with the most important elements that are used for their detection. A description is then given of the major techniques used in neutron imaging, with emphasis on the detection media and position readout principle. Important characteristics such as position resolution, linearity, counting rate capability and sensitivity to gamma-background are discussed. Finally, the application of a subset of these instruments in radiology and tomography is described.
Teacher Programs | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Diffractometer, explains neutron diffractometry to teachers participating in the STARs program. Ashfia Huq (front), instrument scientist for the SNS Powder Diffractometer, explains...
Spallation Neutron Source The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)
F/gim F/gim Spallation Neutron Source The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) gives researchers more detailed informa- tion on the structure and dynamics of physical and biological materials than ever before possible. This accelerator- based facility provides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world. Scien- tists are able to count scattered neutrons, measure their energies and the angles at which they scatter, and map their final positions. SNS enables measurements of greater sensitivity, higher speed, higher resolution, and in more complex sample environments than have been possible at existing neutron facilities. Future Growth SNS was designed from the outset to accommodate a second target station, effectively doubling the capacity of the
Neutron beam imaging at neutron spectrometers at Dhruva
A low efficiency, 2-Dimensional Position Sensitive Neutron Detector based on delay line position encoding is developed. It is designed to handle beam flux of 10{sup 6}-10{sup 7} n/cm{sup 2}/s and for monitoring intensity profiles of neutron beams. The present detector can be mounted in transmission mode, as the hardware allows maximum neutron transmission in sensitive region. Position resolution of 1.2 mm in X and Y directions, is obtained. Online monitoring of beam images and intensity profile of various neutron scattering spectrometers at Dhruva are presented. It shows better dynamic range of intensity over commercial neutron camera and is also time effective over the traditionally used photographic method.
Desai, Shraddha S.; Rao, Mala N. [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085 (India)
Electrospun Polymer Nanofiber Composite as Thermal Neutron ...
Lithium-6 isotope has a significant thermal neutron cross-section and produces high energy charged particles on thermal neutron absorption. In this researchĀ...
Competitive Asset: NIST Center for Neutron Research
... university scientists are finding neutrons essential to accomplishing ... is the most heavily used facility of its ... of the other US neutron research facilities. ...
Neutron Imaging of Hydrogen in Steels
Symposium, Applied Neutron Scattering in Engineering and Materials Science Research. Presentation Title, Neutron Imaging of Hydrogen in Steels. Author(s)Ā...
HFIR Technical Parameters | ORNL Neutron Sciences
a thorough understanding of how elements react to neutron bombardment. Facilities at HFIR Two Pneumatic Tubes: PT-1: Thermal Neutron Flux: 4 1014 n cm-2 s-1...
Data Management Practices | ORNL Neutron Sciences
to data generated from neutron scattering experiments at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Any changes to these guidelines will be...
What Can You Do With Neutrons?
the globe, including the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Today the number of active neutron users in...
Neutron Scatter Camera for Radiaton Detection - Energy ...
Patent 7,741,613: Neutron scatter camera An instrument that will directly image the fast fission neutrons from a special nuclear material source has ...
A cover device is described for the fuel element receiving tube of a neutronic reactor of the heterogeneous, water cooled type wherein said tubes are arranged in a moderator with their longitudinal axes vertical. The cover is provided with means to support a rod-type fuel element from the bottom thereof and means to lock the cover in place, the latter being adapted for remote operation. This cover device is easily removable and seals the opening in the upper end of the fuel tube against leakage of coolant.
Vernon, H.C.; Goett, J.J.
Superconductivity | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Research Highlights Research Highlights Superconductivity Neutron diffraction reveals semiconducting phase and contributes to new understanding of iron-based superconductors Contact: Huibo Cao New VULCAN tests of Japanese cable for US ITER's central magnet system (2012) Contact: Ke An ARCS maps collaborative magnetic spin behavior in iron telluride (2011) Published Work: "Unconventional Temperature Enhanced Magnetism in Fe1:1Te" Contact: Igor Zaliznyak Doug Scalapino discusses "common thread" linking unconventional superconducting materials (2011) Contact: Douglas Scalapino Materials Engineering Research at SNS Helps International Collaboration on Fusion Energy Scientists and engineers at ORNL are working with the ITER Organization and the Japanese Atomic Energy Agency to resolve issues with a critical
Fission fragment driven neutron source
Fissionable uranium formed into a foil is bombarded with thermal neutrons in the presence of deuterium-tritium gas. The resulting fission fragments impart energy to accelerate deuterium and tritium particles which in turn provide approximately 14 MeV neutrons by the reactions t(d,n).sup.4 He and d(t,n).sup.4 He.
Miller, Lowell G. (Idaho Falls, ID); Young, Robert C. (Idaho Falls, ID); Brugger, Robert M. (Columbia, MO)
Shift register neutron coincidence module
A neutron coincidence module was designed using multistage shift registers to produce the coincidence gates and a crystal controlled oscillator with variable clock outputs to change the gate lengths. The advantage of this system over the conventional, thermal-neutron coincidence gates is a decrease in deadtime by more than an order of magnitude. (auth)
Stephens, M.M.; Swansen, J.E.; East, L.V.
Physics of Neutron Star Crusts
The physics of neutron star crusts is vast, involving many different research fields, from nuclear and condensed matter physics to general relativity. This review summarizes the progress, which has been achieved over the last few years, in modeling neutron star crusts, both at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The confrontation of these theoretical models with observations is also briefly discussed.
N. Chamel; P. Haensel
Neutron Detection Efficiency of the
on improving the physical model used for neutron scattering in the resonance region. In many cases, the physical model for neutron scattering must take into account the motion of the target nuclei [2International Conference on Mathematics, Computational Methods & Reactor Physics (M&C 2009
Indications for the Nonexistence of Three-Neutron Resonances near the Physical Region
The pending question of the existence of three-neutron resonances near the physical energy region is reconsidered. Finite rank neutron-neutron forces are used in Faddeev equations, which are analytically continued into the unphysical energy sheet below the positive real energy axis. The trajectories of the three-neutron S-matrix poles in the states of total angular momenta and parity J^\\pi=1/2 +- and J^\\pi= 3/2 +- are traced out as a function of artificial enhancement factors of the neutron-neutron forces. The final positions of the S-matrix poles removing the artificial factors are found in all cases to be far away from the positive real energy axis, which provides a strong indication for the nonexistence of nearby three-neutron resonances. The pole trajectories close to the threshold E=0 are also predicted out of auxiliary generated three-neutron bound state energies using the Pad\\'e method and agree very well with the directly calculated ones.
A. Hemmdan; W. Gloeckle; H. Kamada
Neutron knockout of {sup 12}Be populating neutron-unbound states in {sup 11}Be
Neutron-unbound resonant states of {sup 11}Be were populated in neutron knockout reactions from {sup 12}Be and identified by {sup 10}Be-n coincidence measurements. A resonance in the decay-energy spectrum at 80(2) keV was attributed to a highly excited unbound state in {sup 11}Be at 3.949(2) MeV decaying to the 2{sup +} excited state in {sup 10}Be. A knockout cross section of 15(3) mb was inferred for this 3.949(2) MeV state, suggesting a spectroscopic factor near unity for this 0p3/2{sup -} level, consistent with the detailed shell model calculations.
Peters, W. A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (United States); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); Baumann, T.; Lecouey, J.-L.; Schiller, A.; Yoneda, K. [National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); Brown, B. A.; Frank, N.; Thoennessen, M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); Brown, J. [Department of Physics, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933 (United States); DeYoung, P. A.; Peaslee, G. F. [Department of Physics, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423 (United States); Finck, J. E. [Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859 (United States); Jones, K. L. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (United States); Luther, B. [Department of Physics, Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota 56562 (United States); Rogers, W. F. [Department of Physics, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, California 93108 (United States); Tostevin, J. A. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU27XH (United Kingdom)
Neutron Log | Open Energy Information
Neutron Log Neutron Log Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Technique: Neutron Log Details Activities (4) Areas (4) Regions (0) NEPA(0) Exploration Technique Information Exploration Group: Downhole Techniques Exploration Sub Group: Well Log Techniques Parent Exploration Technique: Well Log Techniques Information Provided by Technique Lithology: if used in conjunction with other logs, this technique can provide information on the rock type and the porosity Stratigraphic/Structural: Corelation of rock units Hydrological: Estimate of formation porosity Thermal: Dictionary.png Neutron Log: The neutron log responds primarily to the amount of hydrogen in the formation which is contained in oil, natural gas, and water. The amount of hydrogen can be used to identify zones of higher porosity.
Microdosimetric investigations at the Fast Neutron Therapy Facility at Fermilab
Microdosimetry was used to investigate three issues at the neutron therapy facility (NTF) at Fermilab. Firstly, the conversion factor from absorbed dose in A-150 tissue equivalent plastic to absorbed dose in ICRU tissue was determined. For this, the effective neutron kerma factor ratios, i.e. oxygen tissue equivalent plastic and carbon to A-150 tissue equivalent plastic, were measured in the neutron beam. An A-150 tissue equivalent plastic to ICRU tissue absorbed dose conversion factor of 0.92 {+-} 0.04 determined. Secondly, variations in the radiobiological effectiveness (RBE) in the beam were mapped by determining variations in two related quantities, e{sup *} and R, with field size and depth in tissue. Maximal variation in e{sup *} and R of 9% and 15% respectively were determined. Lastly, the feasibility of utilizing the boron neutron capture reaction on boron-10 to selectively enhance the tumor dose in the NTF beam was investigated. In the unmodified beam, a negligible enhancement for a 50 ppm boron loading was measured. To boost the boron dose enhancement to 3% it was necessary to change the primary proton energy from 66 MeV and to filter the beam by 90 mm of tungsten.
Fast neutron environments.
The goal of this LDRD project is to develop a rapid first-order experimental procedure for the testing of advanced cladding materials that may be considered for generation IV nuclear reactors. In order to investigate this, a technique was developed to expose the coupons of potential materials to high displacement damage at elevated temperatures to simulate the neutron environment expected in Generation IV reactors. This was completed through a high temperature high-energy heavy-ion implantation. The mechanical properties of the ion irradiated region were tested by either micropillar compression or nanoindentation to determine the local properties, as a function of the implantation dose and exposure temperature. In order to directly compare the microstructural evolution and property degradation from the accelerated testing and classical neutron testing, 316L, 409, and 420 stainless steels were tested. In addition, two sets of diffusion couples from 316L and HT9 stainless steels with various refractory metals. This study has shown that if the ion irradiation size scale is taken into consideration when developing and analyzing the mechanical property data, significant insight into the structural properties of the potential cladding materials can be gained in about a week.
Buchheit, Thomas Edward; Kotula, Paul Gabriel; Lu, Ping; Brewer, Luke N. (Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA); Goods, Steven Howard (Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA); Foiles, Stephen Martin; Puskar, Joseph David; Hattar, Khalid Mikhiel; Doyle, Barney Lee; Boyce, Brad Lee; Clark, Blythe G.
Long-Range Neutron Detection
A neutron detector designed for detecting neutron sources at distances of 50 to 100 m has been constructed and tested. This detector has a large surface area (1 m{sup 2}) to enhance detection efficiency, and it contains a collimator and shielding to achieve direction sensitivity and reduce background. An unusual feature of the detector is that it contains no added moderator, such as polyethylene, to moderate fast neutrons before they reach the {sup 3}He detector. As a result, the detector is sensitive mainly to thermal neutrons. The moderator-free design reduces the weight of the detector, making it more portable, and it also aids in achieving directional sensitivity and background reduction. Test results show that moderated fission-neutron sources of strength about 3 x 10{sup 5} n/s can be detected at a distance out to 70 m in a counting time of 1000 s. The best angular resolution of the detector is obtained at distances of 30 m or less. As the separation .distance between the source and detector increases, the contribution of scattered neutrons to the measured signal increases with a resultant decrease in the ability to detect the direction to a distant source. Applications for which the long-range detector appears to be suitable include detecting remote neutron sources (including sources in moving vehicles) and monitoring neutron storage vaults for the intrusion of humans and the effects they make on the detected neutron signal. Also, the detector can be used to measure waste for the presence of transuranic material in the presence of high gamma-ray background. A test with a neutron source (3 x 10{sup 5} n/s) in a vehicle showed that the detector could readily measure an increase in count rate at a distance of 10 m for vehicle speeds up to 35 mph (the highest speed tested). These results. indicate that the source should be detectable at this distance at speeds up to 55 mph.
AJ Peurrung; DC Stromswold; RR Hansen; PL Reeder; DS Barnett
Neutron knockout in neutral-current neutrino-oxygen interactions
The ongoing and future searches for diffuse supernova neutrinos and sterile neutrinos carried out with large water-Cherenkov detectors require a precise determination of the backgrounds, especially those involving gamma rays. Of great importance, in this context, is the process of neutron knockout through neutral-current (NC) scattering of atmospheric neutrinos on oxygen. Nuclear reinteractions of the produced neutron may in fact lead to the production of gamma rays of energies high enough to mimic the processes of interest. In this Letter, we focus on the kinematical range suitable for simulations of atmospheric-neutrino interactions and provide the neutron-knockout cross sections computed using the formalism based on realistic nuclear spectral function. The role of the strange-quark contribution to the NC axial form factor is also analyzed. Based on the available experimental information, we give an estimate of the associated uncertainty.
Artur M. Ankowski; Omar Benhar
We investigate neutrino processes for conditions reached in simulations of core-collapse supernovae. In regions where neutrino-matter interactions play an important role, matter is partially degenerate, and we extend earlier work that addressed the degenerate regime. We derive expressions for the spin structure factor in neutron matter, which is a key quantity required for evaluating rates of neutrino processes. We show that, for essentially all conditions encountered in the post-bounce phase of core-collapse supernovae, it is a very good approximation to calculate the spin relaxation rates in the nondegenerate limit. We calculate spin relaxation rates based on chiral effective field theory interactions and find that they are typically a factor of two smaller than those obtained using the standard one-pion-exchange interaction alone.
Bacca, S.; Hally, K. [TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3 (Canada); Liebendoerfer, M.; Perego, A. [Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056 Basel (Switzerland); Pethick, C. J. [Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen O (Denmark); Schwenk, A. [ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt (Germany)
Research on fusion neutron sources
The use of fusion devices as powerful neutron sources has been discussed for decades. Whereas the successful route to a commercial fusion power reactor demands steady state stable operation combined with the high efficiency required to make electricity production economic, the alternative approach to advancing the use of fusion is free of many of complications connected with the requirements for economic power generation and uses the already achieved knowledge of Fusion physics and developed Fusion technologies. 'Fusion for Neutrons' (F4N), has now been re-visited, inspired by recent progress achieved on comparably compact fusion devices, based on the Spherical Tokamak (ST) concept. Freed from the requirement to produce much more electricity than used to drive it, a fusion neutron source could be efficiently used for many commercial applications, and also to support the goal of producing energy by nuclear power. The possibility to use a small or medium size ST as a powerful or intense steady-state fusion neutron source (FNS) is discussed in this paper in comparison with the use of traditional high aspect ratio tokamaks. An overview of various conceptual designs of compact fusion neutron sources based on the ST concept is given and they are compared with a recently proposed Super Compact Fusion Neutron Source (SCFNS), with major radius as low as 0.5 metres but still able to produce several MW of neutrons in a steady-state regime.
Gryaznevich, M. P. [Tokamak Solutions UK, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OXON, OX133DB (United Kingdom)
Neutron capture therapy with deep tissue penetration using capillary neutron focusing
An improved method for delivering thermal neutrons to a subsurface cancer or tumor which has been first doped with a dopant having a high cross section for neutron capture. The improvement is the use of a guide tube in cooperation with a capillary neutron focusing apparatus, or neutron focusing lens, for directing neutrons to the tumor, and thereby avoiding damage to surrounding tissue.
Peurrung, Anthony J. (Richland, WA)
Research Highlights | Neutron Science | ORNL
Research Highlights Research Highlights Biology & Medicine Biotechnology & Energy Fundamental Physics Imaging Magnetism Materials Nanotechnology Superconductivity Facilities and Capabilities Instruments User Program Publications and Resources Science and Education News and Awards NScD Careers Supporting Organizations Neutron Science Home | Science & Discovery | Neutron Science | Research Highlights SHARE Research Highlights No current Research Highlights found. 1-10 of 43 Results Comprehensive phonon "map" offers direction for engineering new thermoelectric devices January 08, 2014 - To understand how to design better thermoelectric materials, researchers are using neutron scattering at SNS and HFIR to study how a compound known as AgSbTe2, or silver antimony telluride, is
Amorphous Silicon Based Neutron Detector
Various large-scale neutron sources already build or to be constructed, are important for materials research and life science research. For all these neutron sources, neutron detectors are very important aspect. However, there is a lack of a high-performance and low-cost neutron beam monitor that provides time and temporal resolution. The objective of this SBIR Phase I research, collaboratively performed by Midwest Optoelectronics, LLC (MWOE), the University of Toledo (UT) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), is to demonstrate the feasibility for amorphous silicon based neutron beam monitors that are pixilated, reliable, durable, fully packaged, and fabricated with high yield using low-cost method. During the Phase I effort, work as been focused in the following areas: 1) Deposition of high quality, low-defect-density, low-stress a-Si films using very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF PECVD) at high deposition rate and with low device shunting; 2) Fabrication of Si/SiO2/metal/p/i/n/metal/n/i/p/metal/SiO2/ device for the detection of alpha particles which are daughter particles of neutrons through appropriate nuclear reactions; and 3) Testing of various devices fabricated for alpha and neutron detection; As the main results: Ę High quality, low-defect-density, low-stress a-Si films have been successfully deposited using VHF PECVD on various low-cost substrates; Ę Various single-junction and double junction detector devices have been fabricated; Ę The detector devices fabricated have been systematically tested and analyzed. Ę Some of the fabricated devices are found to successfully detect alpha particles. Further research is required to bring this Phase I work beyond the feasibility demonstration toward the final prototype devices. The success of this project will lead to a high-performance, low-cost, X-Y pixilated neutron beam monitor that could be used in all of the neutron facilities worldwide. In addition, the technologies developed here could be used to develop X-ray and neutron monitors that could be used in the future for security checks at the airports and other critical facilities. The project would lead to devices that could significantly enhance the performance of multi-billion dollar neutron source facilities in the US and bring our nation to the forefront of neutron beam sciences and technologies which have enormous impact to materials, life science and military research and applications.
Xu, Liwei
POWDER: The Neutron Powder Diffractometer at HFIR | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron Powder Diffractometer Neutron Powder Diffractometer Neutron Powder Diffractometer. Neutron Powder Diffractometer. The HB-2A diffractometer is a workhorse instrument used to conduct crystal structural and magnetic structural studies of powdered and ceramic samples, particularly as a function of intensive conditions (T, P, H, etc.). Powder diffraction data collected on this instrument are ideally suited for the Rietveld method. A full range of ancillary sample environments can be used, including cryofurnaces (4-800 K), furnaces (to 1800 K), cryostats (to 0.3 K), and cryomagnets (to 7 T). The Powder Diffractometer has a Debye-Scherrer geometry. The detector bank has 44 3He tubes, each with 6' Soller collimators. A germanium wafer-stack monochromator is vertically focusing and provides one of three principal
Modulating the Neutron Flux from a Mirror Neutron Source
A 14-MeV neutron source based on a Gas-Dynamic Trap will provide a high flux of 14 MeV neutrons for fusion materials and sub-component testing. In addition to its main goal, the source has potential applications in condensed matter physics and biophysics. In this report, the author considers adding one more capability to the GDT-based neutron source, the modulation of the neutron flux with a desired frequency. The modulation may be an enabling tool for the assessment of the role of non-steady-state effects in fusion devices as well as for high-precision, low-signal basic science experiments favoring the use of the synchronous detection technique. A conclusion is drawn that modulation frequency of up to 1 kHz and modulation amplitude of a few percent is achievable. Limitations on the amplitude of modulations at higher frequencies are discussed.
Ryutov, D D
Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Division - ORNL Neutron...
develops software and hardware for the reduction and analysis of data taken on SNS and HFIR neutron scattering instruments. We work closely with the SNS and HFIR Data Acquisition...
Neutron-Anti-Neutron Oscillation: Theory and Phenomenology
The discovery of neutrino masses has provided strong hints in favor of the possibility that B-L symmetry is an intimate feature of physics beyond the standard model. I discuss how important information about this symmetry as well as other scenarios for TeV scale new physics can be obtained from the baryon number violating process, neutron-anti-neutron oscillation. This article presents an overview of different aspects of neutron-anti-neutron oscillation and is divided into the following parts : (i) the phenomenon; (ii) the physics, (iii) plausible models and (iv) applications to cosmology. In particular, it is argued how the discovery of $n-\\bar{n}$ oscillation can significantly affect our thinking about simple grand unified theory paradigms for physics beyond the standard model, elucidate the nature of forces behind neutrino mass and provide a new microphysical view of the origin of matter in the universe.
R. N. Mohapatra
Ultracold Neutron Production in a Pulsed Neutron Beam Line
We present the results of an Ultracold neutron (UCN) production experiment in a pulsed neutron beam line at the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center. The experimental apparatus allows for a comprehensive set of measurements of UCN production as a function of target temperature, incident neutron energy, target volume, and applied magnetic field. However, the low counting statistics of the UCN signal expected can be overwhelmed by the large background associated with the scattering of the primary cold neutron flux that is required for UCN production. We have developed a background subtraction technique that takes advantage of the very different time-of-flight profiles between the UCN and the cold neutrons, in the pulsed beam. Using the unique timing structure, we can reliably extract the UCN signal. Solid ortho-D$_2$ is used to calibrate UCN transmission through the apparatus, which is designed primarily for studies of UCN production in solid O$_2$. In addition to setting the overall detection efficiency in the...
Lavelle, C M; Manus, G; McChesney, P M; Salvat, D J; Shin, Y; Makela, M; Morris, C; Saunders, A; Couture, A; Young, A R; Liu, C -Y
We present the results of an Ultracold neutron (UCN) production experiment in a pulsed neutron beam line at the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center. The experimental apparatus allows for a comprehensive set of measurements of UCN production as a function of target temperature, incident neutron energy, target volume, and applied magnetic field. However, the low counting statistics of the UCN signal expected can be overwhelmed by the large background associated with the scattering of the primary cold neutron flux that is required for UCN production. We have developed a background subtraction technique that takes advantage of the very different time-of-flight profiles between the UCN and the cold neutrons, in the pulsed beam. Using the unique timing structure, we can reliably extract the UCN signal. Solid ortho-D$_2$ is used to calibrate UCN transmission through the apparatus, which is designed primarily for studies of UCN production in solid O$_2$. In addition to setting the overall detection efficiency in the apparatus, UCN production data using solid D$_2$ suggest that the UCN upscattering cross-section is smaller than previous estimates, indicating the deficiency of the incoherent approximation widely used to estimate inelastic cross-sections in the thermal and cold regimes.
C. M. Lavelle; W. Fox; G. Manus; P. M. McChesney; D. J. Salvat; Y. Shin; M. Makela; C. Morris; A. Saunders; A. Couture; A. R. Young; C. -Y. Liu
This article presents the experimental work performed in the area of neutron detector development at the Remote Sensing Laboratory¢Andrews Operations (RSL-AO) sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) in the last four years. During the 1950s neutron detectors were developed mostly to characterize nuclear reactors where the neutron flux is high. Due to the indirect nature of neutron detection via interaction with other particles, neutron counting and neutron energy measurements have never been as precise as gamma-ray counting measurements and gamma-ray spectroscopy. This indirect nature is intrinsic to all neutron measurement endeavors (except perhaps for neutron spin-related experiments, viz. neutron spin-echo measurements where one obtains ?eV energy resolution). In emergency response situations generally the count rates are low, and neutrons may be scattered around in inhomogeneous intervening materials. It is also true that neutron sensors are most efficient for the lowest energy neutrons, so it is not as easy to detect and count energetic neutrons. Most of the emergency response neutron detectors are offshoots of nuclear device diagnostics tools and special nuclear materials characterization equipment, because that is what is available commercially. These instruments mostly are laboratory equipment, and not field-deployable gear suited for mobile teams. Our goal is to design and prototype field-deployable, ruggedized, lightweight, efficient neutron detectors.
Awards 2007 | ORNL Neutron Sciences
7 7 Staff Awards: 2007 Chakoumakos elected MSA Fellow Bryan Chakoumakos Neutron scientist Bryan Chakoumakos was recently elected a fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America. A member of the Neutron Scattering Science Division, Bryan leads the Single-Crystal Diffraction Group. The group has five neutron scattering instruments in various stages of design and construction, located at HFIR and SNS. The MSA was founded in 1919 and, among other goals, encourages fundamental research on natural materials and supports education through its publications, educational grants, and courses. Pharos Neutron Detector System Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have won six R&D 100 Awards, given annually by R&D Magazine to the year's
A method is given for production-line determination of the specific neutronic reactivity of such objects as individual nuclear fuel or neutron absorber elements and is notable for rapidity and apparatus simplicity. The object is incorporated in a slightly sub-critical chain fission reactive assembly having a discrete neutron source, thereby establishing a K/sub eff/ within the crucial range of 0.95 to 0.995. The range was found to afford, uniquely, flux- transient damped response in a niatter of seconds simultaneously with acceptable analytical sensitivity. The resulting neutron flux measured at a situs spaced from both object and source within the assembly serves as a calibrable indication of said reactivity.
Dessauer, G.
Distribution of neutron resonance widths
Recent data on neutron resonance widths indicate disagreement with the Porter-Thomas distribution (PTD). I discuss the theoretical arguments for the PTD, possible theoretical modifications, and I summarize the experimantal evidence.
Hans A. Weidenmueller
Coherent control of neutron interferometry
In this thesis, several novel techniques are proposed and demonstrated for measuring the coherent properties of materials and testing aspects of quantum information processing using a single crystal neutron interferometer. ...
Pushin, Dmitry A
Education News | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Centre for Neutron Science and spokesman of the Scientific Directorate at the FRM II reactor in Munich, Richter is one in a coterie of scientists sharpening a blade of...
particles of her milk using small-angle neutron scattering at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Casein micelles, a family of related phosphorus-containing proteins, make up...
Employment Opportunities | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Open Positions Job openings in ORNL's Neutron Sciences Directorate, including SNS and HFIR, can be found at http:www.ornl.govcareers. Select "View Open Positions" in the left...
About US | ORNL Neutron Sciences
banner What's the Big Deal About Neutron Scattering? Who Conducts Research at SNS and HFIR? Why Do They Come Here? Where Are We? Oak Ridge National Laboratory is home to two of...
Spallation Neutron Source. ORNL said the Spin Echo was installed on Beam Line 15 at the SNS. Eventually, there'll be 25 research instruments of varying types and capabilities,...
News & Media - ORNL Neutron Sciences
Media banner News & Media New SNS Power Record Achieved: 1.4 MW Xiaoguang Hao Click the image to download the video. Examples of Nondestructive Examination Using Neutron Imaging...
Using MCNP for fusion neutronics.
??Any fusion reactor using tritium-deuterium fusion will be a prolific source of 14 MeV neutrons. In fact, 80% of the fusion energy will be carriedģ (more)
Wasastjerna, Frej
Neutron Science | More Science | ORNL
of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics for this groundbreaking work. Today, the laboratory is home to two of the most powerful neutron science facilities in the world-the Spallation...
Manhattan Project: Fast Neutron Experiment
An experiment to determine the cross section of uranium-235 for fast neutrons. The target is the small pile of cubes of uranium hydride. The uranium target is surrounded by larger...
Moderator materials and neutronic performance
The great variety of instruments proposed for LANSCE-II entails an equally varied set of requirements for the target stations moderators. Besides the obvious features such as intensity and pulse width of the neutron pulse, a number of more pragmatic questions have to be addressed such as fast neutron background and energy deposition in the moderators, especially at large proton beam powers such as the 1 MW proton beam power proposed for LANSCE-II.
Daemen, L.L.; Russell, G.J.; Pitcher, E.J.; Lujan, M. Jr.
A settable, viscous, putty-like shielding composition is described. It consists of an intimate admixture of a major proportion of a compound having a ratio of hydrogen atoms to all other atoms therein within the range of from 0.5: 1 to 2:l. from 0.5 to 10% by weight of boron, and a fluid resinous carrier This composition when cured is adapted to attenuate fast moving neutrons and capture slow moving neutrons.
Axelrad, I.R.
Neutron detectors comprising boron powder
High-efficiency neutron detector substrate assemblies comprising a first conductive substrate, wherein a first side of the substrate is in direct contact with a first layer of a powder material comprising .sup.10boron, .sup.10boron carbide or combinations thereof, and wherein a conductive material is in proximity to the first layer of powder material; and processes of making said neutron detector substrate assemblies.
Wang, Zhehui; Morris, Christopher; Bacon, Jeffrey Darnell; Makela, Mark F; Spaulding, Randy Jay
Neutron Imaging of Archaeological Bronzes
This article presents the initial results of 2-D and 3-D neutron imaging of bronze artifacts using the CG-1D prototype beamline at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Neutron imaging is a non-destructive technique capable of producing unprecedented three-dimensional information on archaeomaterials, including qualitative, quantitative, and visual data on impurities, composition change, voids, and c
Ryzewski, Krysta [Wayne State University, Detroit; Herringer, Susan [Brown University; Bilheux, Hassina Z [ORNL; Walker, Lakeisha MH [ORNL; Sheldon, Brian [Brown University; Voisin, Sophie [ORNL; Bilheux, Jean-Christophe [ORNL; Finocchiaro, Vincenzo [University of Messina, Messina, Italy
PROGRESS OF THE SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE PROJECT, IG-0532 PROGRESS OF THE SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE PROJECT, IG-0532 When completed, the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will be...
Publications from Research Conducted at FNPB | ORNL Neutron Sciences
for the neutron electric dipole moment experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source", University of Kentucky , (2011). Wietfeldt F. E., Greene G. L., "Colloquium: the neutron...
Neutron and X-Ray Studies of Advanced Materials IV
We propose to organize a seven-session Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray ... the advent of new powerful neutron sources such as the Spallation NeutronĀ...
Phonon Studies with Inelastic Neutron Scattering and First ...
Presentation Title, Phonon Studies with Inelastic Neutron Scattering and .... by Asynchronous In-Situ Neutron Diffraction at the Spallation Neutron Source.
NXS 2010 - Neutron Scattering School
2-26, 2010 2-26, 2010 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN NXS2010 Travel Airport Shuttles Departure Flights Schedule Participants Lectures Lecturers Lecture Notes/Videos Experiments Schedule, Desc, Groups Student Presentations ANL Facilities APS Facility ANL Map ANL Visitor's Guide ORNL Facilities HFIR Facility SNS Facility HFIR/SNS Map Access Requirements ANL ORNL Rad Worker Training Study Guide Wireless Networks ANL ORNL Safety & Security Rules ANL ORNL NSSA New Initiatives NSSA Weblink Contacts ANL ORNL 12th National School on Neutron & X-ray Scattering 2009 Neutron Scattering School participants 2010 National School Participants Students share their thoughts about NXS 2010. Purpose: The main purpose of the National School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering is to educate graduate students on the utilization of major neutron and x-ray facilities. Lectures, presented by researchers from academia, industry, and national laboratories, will include basic tutorials on the principles of scattering theory and the characteristics of the sources, as well as seminars on the application of scattering methods to a variety of scientific subjects. Students will conduct four short experiments at Argonne's Advanced Photon Source and Oak Ridge's Spallation Neutron Source and High Flux Isotope Reactor facilities to provide hands-on experience for using neutron and synchrotron sources.
ATW neutronics design studies.
The Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) concept has been proposed as a transuranics (TRU) (and long-lived fission product) incinerator for processing the 87,000 metric tonnes of Light Water Reactor used fuel which will have been generated by the time the currently deployed fleet of commercial reactors in the US reach the end of their licensed lifetime. The ATW is proposed to separate the uranium from the transuranics and fission products in the LWR used fuel, to fission the transuranics, to send the LWR and ATW generated fission products to the geologic repository and to send the uranium to either a low level waste disposal site or to save it for future use. The heat liberated in fissioning the transuranics would be converted to electricity and sold to partially offset the cost of ATW construction and operations. Options for incineration of long-lived fission products are under evaluation. A six-year science-based program of ATW trade and system studies was initiated in the US FY 2000 to achieve two main purposes: (1) ''to evaluate ATW within the framework of nonproliferation, waste management, and economic considerations,'' and (2) ''to evaluate the efficacy of the numerous technical options for ATW system configuration.'' This paper summarizes the results from neutronics and thermal/hydraulics trade studies which were completed at Argonne National Laboratory during the first year of the program. Core designs were developed for Pb-Bi cooled and Na cooled 840 MW{sub th} fast spectrum transmuter designs employing recycle. Additionally, neutronics analyses were performed at Argonne for a He cooled 600 MW{sub th} hybrid thermal and fast core design proposed by General Atomics Co. which runs critical for 3/4 and subcritical for 1/4 of its four year once-thin burn cycle. The mass flows and the ultimate loss of transuranic isotopes to the waste stream per unit of heat generated during transmutation have been calculated on a consistent basis and are compared. (Long-lived fission product incineration has not been considered in the studies reported here.)
Wade, D. C.; Yang, W. S.; Khalil, H.
Method of assaying uranium with prompt fission and thermal neutron borehole logging adjusted by borehole physical characteristics
Uranium formations are assayed by prompt fission neutron logging techniques. The uranium in the formation is proportional to the ratio of epithermal counts to thermal or eqithermal dieaway. Various calibration factors enhance the accuracy of the measurement.
Barnard, Ralston W. (Albuquerque, NM); Jensen, Dal H. (Albuquerque, NM)
Method of assaying uranium with prompt fission and thermal neutron borehole logging adjusted by borehole physical characteristics. [Patient application
Uranium formations are assayed by prompt fission neutron logging techniques. The uranium in the formation is proportional to the ratio of epithermal counts to thermal or epithermal dieaway. Various calibration factors enhance the accuracy of the measurement.
Barnard, R.W.; Jensen, D.H.
Solutions of Boltzmann`s Equation for Mono-energetic Neutrons in an Infinite Homogeneous Medium
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
Boltzman's equation is solved for the case of monoenergetic neutrons created by a plane or point source in an infinite medium which has spherically symmetric scattering. The customary solution of the diffusion equation appears to be multiplied by a constant factor which is smaller than 1. In addition to this term the total neutron density contains another term which is important in the neighborhood of the source. It varies as 1/r{sup 2} in the neighborhood of a point source. (auth)
Wigner, E. P.
Neutron Sciences - Neutron Scattering Dynamics in Polymer Family
Neutron scattering characterizes dynamics in polymer family Neutron scattering characterizes dynamics in polymer family Research Contact: Christine Gerstl December 2012, Written by Agatha Bardoel Understanding the interplay between structure and dynamics is the key to obtaining tailor-made materials. In the last few years, a large effort has been devoted to characterizing and relating the structure and dynamic properties in families of polymers with alkyl side groups. Now researchers have used quasielastic neutron scattering to investigate the hydrogen dynamics in poly(alkylene oxide)s with different side-chain lengths at temperatures below, as well as above, the glass transition. The combination of techniques and instruments used is bringing a more complete understanding of multiple contributions to system dynamics. The results
Neutronic fuel element fabrication
This disclosure describes a method for metallurgically bonding a complete leak-tight enclosure to a matrix-type fuel element penetrated longitudinally by a multiplicity of coolant channels. Coolant tubes containing solid filler pins are disposed in the coolant channels. A leak-tight metal enclosure is then formed about the entire assembly of fuel matrix, coolant tubes and pins. The completely enclosed and sealed assembly is exposed to a high temperature and pressure gas environment to effect a metallurgical bond between all contacting surfaces therein. The ends of the assembly are then machined away to expose the pin ends which are chemically leached from the coolant tubes to leave the coolant tubes with internal coolant passageways. The invention described herein was made in the course of, or under, a contract with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. It relates generally to fuel elements for neutronic reactors and more particularly to a method for providing a leak-tight metal enclosure for a high-performance matrix-type fuel element penetrated longitudinally by a multiplicity of coolant tubes. The planned utilization of nuclear energy in high-performance, compact-propulsion and mobile power-generation systems has necessitated the development of fuel elements capable of operating at high power densities. High power densities in turn require fuel elements having high thermal conductivities and good fuel retention capabilities at high temperatures. A metal clad fuel element containing a ceramic phase of fuel intimately mixed with and bonded to a continuous refractory metal matrix has been found to satisfy the above requirements. Metal coolant tubes penetrate the matrix to afford internal cooling to the fuel element while providing positive fuel retention and containment of fission products generated within the fuel matrix. Metal header plates are bonded to the coolant tubes at each end of the fuel element and a metal cladding or can completes the fuel-matrix enclosure by encompassing the sides of the fuel element between the header plates.
Korton, George (Cincinnati, OH)
BF3 Neutron Detector Tests
Radiation portal monitors used for interdiction of illicit materials at borders include highly sensitive neutron detection systems. The main reason for having neutron detection capability is to detect fission neutrons from plutonium. The currently deployed radiation portal monitors (RPMs) from Ludlum and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) use neutron detectors based upon 3He-filled gas proportional counters, which are the most common large neutron detector. There is a declining supply of 3He in the world; thus, methods to reduce the use of this gas in RPMs with minimal changes to the current system designs and detection capabilities are being investigated. Reported here are the results of tests of the efficiency of BF3 tubes at a pressure of 800 torr. These measurements were made partially to validate models of the RPM system that have been modified to simulate the performance of BF3-filled tubes. While BF3 could be a potential replacement for 3He, there are limitations to its use in deployed systems.
Kouzes, Richard T.; Ely, James H.; Lintereur, Azaree T.; Siciliano, Edward R.; Woodring, Mitchell L.
Old and new neutron stars
The youngest known radiopulsar in the rapidly spinning magnetized neutron star which powers the Crab Nebula, the remnant of the historical supernova explosion of 1054 AD. Similar neutron stars are probably born at least every few hundred years, but are less frequent than Galactic supernova explosions. They are initially sources of extreme relativistic electron and/or positron winds (approx.10/sup 38/s/sup -1/ of 10/sup 12/ eV leptons) which greatly decrease as the neutron stars spin down to become mature pulsars. After several million years these neutron stars are no longer observed as radiopulsars, perhaps because of large magnetic field decay. However, a substantial fraction of the 10/sup 8/ old dead pulsars in the Galaxy are the most probable source for the isotropically distributed ..gamma..-ray burst detected several times per week at the earth. Some old neutron stars are spun-up by accretion from companions to be resurrected as rapidly spinning low magnetic field radiopulsars. 52 references, 6 figures, 3 tables.
Ruderman, M.
Neutronic design of a fission converter-based epithermal neutron beam for neutron capture therapy
To meet the needs for neutron capture theory (NCT) irradiations, a high-intensity, high-quality fusion converter-based epithermal neutron beam has been designed for the MITR-II research reactor. This epithermal neutron beam, capable of delivering treatments in a few minutes with negligible background contamination from fast neutrons and photons, will be installed in the present thermal column and hohlraum of the 5-MW MITR-II research reactor. Spent or fresh MITR-II fuel elements will be used to fuel the converter. With a fission converter power of {approximately}80 kW using spent fuel, epithermal fluxes (1 eV < E < 10 keV) in excess of 10{sup 10} n/cm{sup 2} {center_dot} s are achievable at the target position with negligible photon and fast neutron contamination, i.e., <2 {times} 10{sup {minus}11}cGy-cm{sup 2}/n. With the currently available {sup 10}B delivery compound boronophenylalanine-fructose, average therapeutic ratios of {approximately}5 can be achieved using this beam for brain irradiations with deep effective penetration ({approximately}9.5 cm) and high dose rates of up to 400 to 600 RBE cGy/min. If NCT becomes an accepted therapy, fission converter-based beams constructed at existing reactors could meet a large fraction of the projected requirements for intense, low-background epithermal neutron beams at a relatively low cost. The results of an extensive set of neutronic design studies investigating all components of the beam are presented. These detailed studies can be useful as guidance for others who may wish to use the fission converter approach to develop epithermal beams for NCT.
Kiger, W.S. III; Sakamoto, S.; Harling, O.K. [Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA (United States)
SHARP Neutronics Expanded | Department of Energy
SHARP Neutronics Expanded SHARP Neutronics Expanded SHARP Neutronics Expanded January 29, 2013 - 1:28pm Addthis Fully heterogeneous predictions of thermal neutron flux in a hypothetical metal-oxide-fueled PWR Fully heterogeneous predictions of thermal neutron flux in a hypothetical metal-oxide-fueled PWR SHARP neutronics Module Development The SHARP neutronics module, PROTEUS, includes neutron and gamma transport solvers and cross-section processing tools as well as the capability for depletion and fuel cycle analysis. The existing high-fidelity solver package was extended to be independent of reactor technology and demonstrated with 2-D MOC and Sn method simulations of LWR core configurations. Efforts to support verification and validation of the DeCART code, used as one reference solution method by the SHARP code
Using Neutrons to Study Radioactive Materials
Symposium, Applied Neutron Scattering in Engineering and Materials Science Research ... to the unique infrastructure and specialized staff of the Nuclear Laboratory. Shielded cells enable neutron diffraction studies on highly radioactiveĀ...
Neutron Scattering Home Page (Low-Graphics)
Home Page A new portal for neutron scattering has just been established at neutronsources.org. The information contained here in the Neutron Scattering Web has been transferred to...
Neutron Imaging @ SNS (NI@SNS 2008)
Neutron Imaging at SNS Workshop (NI@SNS 2008) November 3, 2008 * Building 8600, Central Laboratory & Office Building * Oak Ridge, TN 37831 NI@SNS2008 home Neutron Imaging Agenda...
Neutron/Proton Capture Neutron/Proton Capture Beam Line 13 Fuels Discovery Fever for Fundamental Physicists Research Contact: Geoff Greene June 2011, Written by Agatha Bardoel Serpil Kucuker Dogan (left) and Matthew Musgrave prepare a helium-3 cooling cell that is used to measure the angle at which the neutron beam strikes the liquid hydrogen sample. The simplest, most sensible " Big Bang" universe, theoretical physicists believe, would be one in which equal numbers of particles and antiparticles are formed in pairs. As the universe cools, most of these particles would encounter their antiparticles, and they would annihilate. "In many ways, the most reasonable universe would be one in which there is no matter," says the University of Tennessee's Dr. Geoff Greene.
phase behavior in carbon pores phase behavior in carbon pores Neutrons measure phase behavior in pores at angstrom size Compelling new methods for assessing carbon pores for hydrogen storage in fuel cells Research Contact: Yuri Melnichenko Jan. 2012, Written by Agatha Bardoel Yuri Melnichenko and Lilin He GP-SANS instrument scientist Yuri Melnichenko (left) and postdoctoral associate Lilin He. Researchers have measured the phase behavior of green house gases in pores at the angstrom level, using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor. Yuri Melnichenko, an instrument scientist on the General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (GP-SANS) Diffractometer at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor, his postdoctoral associate Lilin He and collaborators
Atomic-Scale Behavior of "Cobalt Blue" Atomic-Scale Behavior of "Cobalt Blue" Neutron Analysis Reveals Unique Atomic-Scale Behavior of "Cobalt Blue" Research Contact: Gregory MacDougall ORNL News Release, September 2011, Media Contact: Bill Cabage Cobalt aluminate Just as cobalt blue's lustrous hue attracts artists and decorators, the antiferromagnetic properties of the responsible compound-cobalt aluminate-are attracting neutron scientists at DOE's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Studies of magnetic interactions deep within the material's atomic structure may provide clues toward the development of energy-efficient technologies. (Light sconce image courtesy of B. Jefferson Bolender. Click image for high res version.) Neutron scattering studies of "cobalt blue," a compound prized by artists
Superconductivity Highlights | Neutron Science | ORNL
Superconductivity Superconductivity SHARE Superconductivity Highlights 1-6 of 6 Results Doug Scalapino discusses "common thread" linking unconventional superconducting materials December 01, 2012 - Douglas Scalapino was the inaugural speaker for a new joint lecture series sponsored by the Spallation Neutron Source and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. New VULCAN tests of Japanese cable for US ITER's central magnet system February 01, 2012 - Neutron testing of the Japanese-made superconducting cable for the central solenoid (CS) magnetic system for US ITER begins next Tuesday, says Ke An, lead instrument scientist for the VULCAN Engineering Materials Diffractometer at the Spallation Neutron Source. ARCS maps collaborative magnetic spin behavior in iron telluride
LANSCE | Lujan Neutron Scattering Center
Department of Energy, National Office of Science Department of Energy, National Office of Science science.energy.gov Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration nnsa.energy.gov Lujan Neutron Scattering Center Logo Lujan Center Mission The Lujan Center delivers science by exploiting the unique characteristics of intense beams of pulsed neutrons for academia, national security, and industry. Lujan Center Vision The Lujan Center will operate a world class user program in the service of the nation. Lujan Center scientists will be recognized for their leadership and innovation in neutron scattering. Lujan Center at LANSCE The Lujan Center is one of five user facilities supported by the LANSCE accelerator which is stewarded. Funding to operate 10 instruments in a national user program is provided by the Department of Energy's Office of
NXS 2013 - Neutron Scattering School
5th National School on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering 5th National School on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering August 10-24, 2013 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN NXS2013 Schedule Participants Image Gallery Travel Info Thank you Lectures Lecture Notes/Videos Experiments ANL Facilities ANL Map (jpg) ANL Map (pdf) ANL Visitor's Guide ORNL Facilities HFIR Facility SNS Facility HFIR/SNS Map Wireless Networks ORNL Safety & Security Rules ORNL NSSA Weblink Contacts ANL ORNL 2013 NXS School Participants 2013 NXS Participants. NXS interveiws 2013 Click the image to download the video. Video Interviews: Participants answer questions about their experiences at NXS 2011. Your feedback about lectures and experiments is important for evaluating this year's Neutron and X-ray Scattering School and for making improvements for future participants. We sincerely hope that each of you will complete the survey by the end of the school.
HFIR History - ORNL Neutron Sciences
Home ŌĆ║ Facilities ŌĆ║ HFIR ŌĆ║ History Home ŌĆ║ Facilities ŌĆ║ HFIR ŌĆ║ History History of HFIR HFIR was constructed in the mid-1960s to fulfill a need for the production of transuranic isotopes (i.e., "heavy" elements such as plutonium and curium). Since then its mission has grown to include materials irradiation, neutron activation, and, most recently, neutron scattering. In 2007, HFIR completed the most dramatic transformation in its 40-year history. During a shutdown of more than a year, the facility was refurbished and a number of new instruments were installed, as well as a cold neutron source. The reactor was restarted in mid-May; it attained its full power of 85 MW within a couple of days, and experiments resumed within a week. Improvements and upgrades to HFIR include an overhaul of the
Magnetization of neutron star matter
The magnetization of neutron star matter in magnetic fields is studied by employing the FSUGold interaction. It is found that the magnetic susceptibilities of the charged particles (proton, electron and muon) can be larger than that of neutron. The effects of the anomalous magnetic moments (AMM) of each component on the magnetic susceptibility are examined in detail. It is found that the proton and electron AMM affect their respective magnetic susceptibility evidently in strong magnetic fields. In addition, they are the protons instead of the electrons that contribute most significantly to the magnetization of the neutron star matter in a relative weak magnetic field, and the induced magnetic field due to the magnetization can be appear to be very large. Finally, the effect of the density-dependent symmetry energy on the magnetization is discussed.
Dong, Jianmin; Gu, Jianzhong
Survey of nucleon electromagnetic form factors
There has been much activity in the measurement of the elastic electromagnetic proton and neutron form factors in the last decade, and the quality of the data has been greatly improved by performing double polarization experiments, in compar- ison with previous unpolarized data. Here we review the experimental data base in view of the new results for the proton, and neutron, obtained at MIT-Bates, MAMI, and JLab. The rapid evolution of phenomenological models triggered by these high-precision experiments will be discussed.
Perdrisat, Charles F. [William and Mary College; Punjabi, Vina A. [Norfolk State U.
A Weighted Point Model for the Thermal Neutron Multiplicity Assay of High-Mass Plutonium Samples
A weighted point model for thermal neutron multiplicity counting has been developed for the assay of impure plutonium metal samples. Weighting factors are introduced for the spontaneous fission and ({alpha},n) contributions to the doubles and triples rates to account for the variations in neutron multiplication in these samples. The weighting factors are obtained from Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNPX code, which supports the simulation of spontaneous fission sources and can tally the source and detected neutron multiplicity distributions. Systematic behavior of the weighting factors was studied as a function of sample mass and geometry. Simulations were performed to evaluate the potential accuracy of assays performed with weighted point model analysis. Comparisons with experimental data are presented. The possible use of quads rates is explored.
M.S. Krick; W.H. Geist; D.R. Mayo
Neutron Condensed Matter Science Staff Directory
Neutron Condensed Matter Science Staff Directory. Dr. Dan Neumann, Group Leader, 301-975-5252. ... Macromolecular and Microstructural Sciences. ...
Neutron Pillar Detector Fabrication - Industrial Partnerships ...
home \\ technologies \\ neutron pillar detector. Technologies: Ready-to-Sign Licenses: Software: Patents: ... Operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, ...
Introduction to Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
... Nuclear Interaction Neutrons are scattered by the nuclei. Scattering power varies ōrandomlyö from isotope to isotope. ... segment dynamics hydro gels ...
MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES: I: Radiation ...
MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES: Session I: Radiation Effects, A. Sponsored by: Jt. SMD/MSD Nuclear Materials Committee ProgramĀ...
Method and Apparatus for Detecting Neutrons - Available ...
Summary. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has developed a unique detection capability with the ability to identify thermal neutrons, which ...
MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES: II: Radiation ...
MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES: Session II: Radiation Effects, B. Sponsored by: Jt. SMD/MSD Nuclear Materials Committee ProgramĀ...
Magnetism Highlights| Neutron Science | ORNL
Magnetism Magnetism SHARE Magnetism Highlights 1-5 of 5 Results ARCS maps collaborative magnetic spin behavior in iron telluride December 01, 2011 - Researchers have long thought that magnetism and superconductivity are mutually exclusive. The former typically involves localized atomic electrons. The latter requires freely propagating, itinerant electrons. Unexpected Magnetic Excitations in Doped Insulator Surprise Researchers October 01, 2011 - When doping a disordered magnetic insulator material with atoms of a nonmagnetic material, the conventional wisdom is that the magnetic interactions between the magnetic ions in the material will be weakened. Neutron Analysis Reveals Unique Atomic-Scale Behavior of "Cobalt Blue" September 01, 2011 - Neutron scattering studies of "cobalt blue," a
Superconductivity Superconductivity Research Highlights Superconductivity Archive New Neutron Studies Support Magnetism's Role in Superconductors Recent neutron scattering experiments give strong evidence that if superconductivity is related to a material's magnetic properties, the same mechanisms are behind both copper-based, high-temperature superconductors and the newly discovered iron-based superconductors. The research was performed at SNS and HFIR and the ISIS Facility at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in England. (2010) Published Work: "Evolution of spin excitations into the superconducting state in FeTe1-xSex" Contact: Mark Lumsden Advances in Unconventional Iron-Based Superconductors The discovery of more diverse superconducting materials will lead to more
Biology & Medicine Archive Biology & Medicine Archive Research Highlights Biology & Medicine Archive Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Team Finds Structural Differences in Sindbis Virus Particles from Different Host Species (2010) Published Work: "The Structure of Sindbis Virus Produced from Vertebrate and Invertebrate Hosts as Determined by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering" Contact: Flora Meilleur Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Studies of the unique structure of synthetic molecules will help in the development of drugs that can target diseased areas of the body. This researched on dendrimers revealed how molecules function within solutions at different pH levels. (2008) Research in progress. Contact: Wei-Ren Chen "Intelligent" Polymers for Biomedical Technologies
Nuclear Physics of Neutron Stars
Understanding the equation of state (EOS) of cold nuclear matter, namely, the relation between the pressure and energy density, is a central goal of nuclear physics that cuts across a variety of disciplines. Indeed, the limits of nuclear existence, the collision of heavy ions, the structure of neutron stars, and the dynamics of core-collapse supernova, all depend critically on the equation of state of hadronic matter. In this contribution I will concentrate on the special role that nuclear physics plays in constraining the EOS of cold baryonic matter and its impact on the properties of neutron stars.
J. Piekarewicz
Selected Aspects of Neutron Decay
Precision measurements of neutron decay offer complementary access to particle physics at small distance scales or high energies. In particular they allow tests of the V-A structure of the weak interaction. Among many experimental activities which are ongoing around the world we present two new experiments which are planned or studied for the near future. While the neutron lifetime still bears significant experimental uncertainties and thus has to be studied with greatest precision the two-body decay ($n\\to H\\bar\
Stephan Paul
BS>A slow-acting shim rod for control of major variations in reactor neutron flux and a fast-acting control rod to correct minor flux variations are employed to provide a sensitive, accurate control system. The fast-acting rod is responsive to an error signal which is produced by changes in the neutron flux from a predetermined optimum level. When the fast rod is thus actuated in a given direction, means is provided to actuate the slow-moving rod in that direction to return the fast rod to a position near the midpoint of its control range. (AEC)
Crever, F.E.
Plastic neutron detectors.
This work demonstrated the feasibility and limitations of semiconducting {pi}-conjugated organic polymers for fast neutron detection via n-p elastic scattering. Charge collection in conjugated polymers in the family of substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (PPV) was evaluated using band-edge laser and proton beam ionization. These semiconducting materials can have high H/C ratio, wide bandgap, high resistivity and high dielectric strength, allowing high field operation with low leakage current and capacitance noise. The materials can also be solution cast, allowing possible low-cost radiation detector fabrication and scale-up. However, improvements in charge collection efficiency are necessary in order to achieve single particle detection with a reasonable sensitivity. The work examined processing variables, additives and environmental effects. Proton beam exposure was used to verify particle sensitivity and radiation hardness to a total exposure of approximately 1 MRAD. Conductivity exhibited sensitivity to temperature and humidity. The effects of molecular ordering were investigated in stretched films, and FTIR was used to quantify the order in films using the Hermans orientation function. The photoconductive response approximately doubled for stretch-aligned films with the stretch direction parallel to the electric field direction, when compared to as-cast films. The response was decreased when the stretch direction was orthogonal to the electric field. Stretch-aligned films also exhibited a significant sensitivity to the polarization of the laser excitation, whereas drop-cast films showed none, indicating improved mobility along the backbone, but poor {pi}-overlap in the orthogonal direction. Drop-cast composites of PPV with substituted fullerenes showed approximately a two order of magnitude increase in photoresponse, nearly independent of nanoparticle concentration. Interestingly, stretch-aligned composite films showed a substantial decrease in photoresponse with increasing stretch ratio. Other additives examined, including small molecules and cosolvents, did not cause any significant increase in photoresponse. Finally, we discovered an inverse-geometric particle track effect wherein increased track lengths created by tilting the detector off normal incidence resulted in decreased signal collection. This is interpreted as a trap-filling effect, leading to increased carrier mobility along the particle track direction. Estimated collection efficiency along the track direction was near 20 electrons/micron of track length, sufficient for particle counting in 50 micron thick films.
Wilson, Tiffany M.S; King, Michael J.; Doty, F. Patrick
Electromagnetic form factors of hadrons
A vector meson dominance model of the electromagnetic form factors of hadrons is developed which is based on the use of unstable particle propagators. Least-square fits are made to the proton, neutron, pion and kaon form factor data in both the space and time-like regions. A good fit to the low-energy nucleon form factor data is obtained using only rho, $omega$, and phi dominance, and leads to a determination of the vector meson resonance parameters in good agreement with experiment. The nucleon-vector meson coupling constants obey simple sum rules indicating that there exists no hard core contribution to the form factors within theoretical uncertainties. The prediction for the electromagnetic radii of the proton is in reasonable agreement with recent experiments. The pion and kaon charge form factors as deduced from the nucleon form factors assuming vector meson universality are compared to the data. The pion form factor agrees with the data in both the space and time-like regions. The pion charge radius is in agreement with the recent Dubna result, but the isovector P-wave pion-pion phase shift calculated from the theory disagrees with experiment. A possible contribution to the form factors from a heavy rho meson is also evaluated. (auth)
Zidell, V.S.
Theory of cooling neutron stars versus observations
We review current state of neutron star cooling theory and discuss the prospects to constrain the equation of state, neutrino emission and superfluid properties of neutron star cores by comparing the cooling theory with observations of thermal radiation from isolated neutron stars.
Yakovlev, D G; Kaminker, A D; Potekhin, A Yu
The TEMPEST II neutron thermalization code in Fortran for IBM 709 or 7090 calculates thermal neutron flux spectra based upon the Wigner-Wilkins equation, the Wilkins equation, or the Maxwellian distribution. When a neutron spectrum is obtained, TEMPEST II provides microscopic and macroscopic cross section averages over that spectrum. Equations used by the code and sample input and output data are given. (auth)
Shudde, R.H.; Dyer, J.
Measurements of the Thermal Neutron Scattering Kernel
world's most powerful neutron source, the $1.4 billion Spallation Neutron Source At 1.4MW, SNS produces. SNS will feature 24 beamlines for physics, chemistry, biology, materials research. www.sns.gov #12 ┬Ę Coproduction of epithermal, thermal and cold neutrons #12;SNS Instrument Beam Lines 1st experimentproposed 2nd
Danon, Yaron
Neutron responsive self-powered radiation detector
An improved neutron responsive self-powered radiation detector is disclosed in which the neutron absorptive central emitter has a substantially neutron transmissive conductor collector sheath spaced about the emitter and the space between the emitter and collector sheath is evacuated.
Brown, Donald P. (Richland, WA); Cannon, Collins P. (Kennewick, WA)
of Full Professor (W3 with tenure) for Precision Physics with ultra-cold Neutrons at the Institute, nuclear chemistry, as well as precision physics with ultra-cold neutrons and ion traps. We seek physics, and neutron physics. Applicants are expected to have a Ph.D. in physics, a proven first rate
Titov, Anatoly
Neutron Cross Section Measurements at the Spallation Neutron Source
With the prospect of construction of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at ORNL, and the fantastic high neutron flux, new, up to now impossible, experiments seem to be feasible in the fields of applied nuclear physics and astrophysics. These experiments will supply crucial neutron-induced cross section data for radionuclides, which are badly needed by many applied physics programs. The SNS will be uniquely suited for measuring the cross sections of interest to nuclear criticality safety, accelerator transmutation of nuclear waste (ATW), and heavy element nucleosynthesis for astrophysics. Because the sample sizes required at current facilities are usually too large for practical measurements, scarce information of these cross sections is available. Using the high neutron flux at the SNS will allow these measurements to be made with samples about 40 times smaller than at the next best facility. The large reduction in sample size at the SNS will result in orders of magnitude reduction in background from the radioactive samples and make them much easier to produce; hence, a much wider range of samples will be accessible for measurement at the SNS than at any other facility.
Guber, K.H.
An improved method is disclosed for delivering thermal neutrons to a subsurface cancer or tumor which has been first doped with a dopant having a high cross section for neutron capture. The improvement is the use of a guide tube in cooperation with a capillary neutron focusing apparatus, or neutron focusing lens, for directing neutrons to the tumor, and thereby avoiding damage to surrounding tissue. 1 fig.
Peurrung, A.J.
Neutron beam characterization measurements at the Manuel Lujan Jr. neutron scattering center
We have measured the neutron beam characteristics of neutron moderators at the Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE. The absolute thermal neutron flux, energy spectra and time emission spectra were measured for the high resolution and high intensity decoupled water, partially coupled liquid hydrogen and partially coupled water moderators. The results of our experimental study will provide an insight into aging of different target-moderator-reflector-shield components as well as new experimental data for benchmarking of neutron transport codes.
Mocko, Michal [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Muhrer, Guenter [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Daemen, Luke L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kelsey, Charles T [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Duran, Michael A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tovesson, Fredrik K [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Impact of the Revised 10 CFR 835 on the Neutron Dose Rates at LLNL
In June 2007, 10 CFR 835 [1] was revised to include new radiation weighting factors for neutrons, updated dosimetric models, and dose terms consistent with the newer ICRP recommendations. A significant aspect of the revised 10 CFR 835 is the adoption of the recommendations outlined in ICRP-60 [2]. The recommended new quantities demand a review of much of the basic data used in protection against exposure to sources of ionizing radiation. The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements has defined a number of quantities for use in personnel and area monitoring [3,4,5] including the ambient dose equivalent H*(d) to be used for area monitoring and instrument calibrations. These quantities are used in ICRP-60 and ICRP-74. This report deals only with the changes in the ambient dose equivalent and ambient dose rate equivalent for neutrons as a result of the implementation of the revised 10 CFR 835. In the report, the terms neutron dose and neutron dose rate will be used for convenience for ambient neutron dose and ambient neutron dose rate unless otherwise stated. This report provides a qualitative and quantitative estimate of how much the neutron dose rates at LLNL will change with the implementation of the revised 10 CFR 835. Neutron spectra and dose rates from selected locations at the LLNL were measured with a high resolution spectroscopic neutron dose rate system (ROSPEC) as well as with a standard neutron rem meter (a.k.a., a remball). The spectra obtained at these locations compare well with the spectra from the Radiation Calibration Laboratory's (RCL) bare californium source that is currently used to calibrate neutron dose rate instruments. The measurements obtained from the high resolution neutron spectrometer and dose meter ROSPEC and the NRD dose meter compare within the range of {+-}25%. When the new radiation weighting factors are adopted with the implementation of the revised 10 CFR 835, the measured dose rates will increase by up to 22%. The health physicists should consider this increase for any areas that have dose rates near a posting limit, such as near the 100 mrem/hr for a high radiation area, as this increase in measured dose rate may result in some changes to postings and consequent radiological controls.
Radev, R
Paramagnetic form factors from itinerant electron theory
Elastic neutron scattering experiments performed over the past two decades have provided accurate information about the magnetic form factors of paramagnetic transition metals. These measurements have traditionally been analyzed in terms of an atomic-like theory. There are, however, some cases where this procedure does not work, and there remains the overall conceptual problem of using an atomistic theory for systems where the unpaired-spin electrons are itinerant. We have recently developed computer codes for efficiently evaluating the induced magnetic form factors of fcc and bcc itinerant electron paramagnets. Results for the orbital and spin contributions have been obtained for Cr, Nb, V, Mo, Pd and Rh based on local density bands. By using calculated spin enhancement parameters, we find reasonable agreement between theory and neutron form factor data. In addition, these zero parameter calculations yield predictions for the bulk susceptibility on an absolute scale which are in reasonable agreement with experiment in all treated cases except palladium.
Cooke, J.F.; Liu, S.H.; Liu, A.J.
Fast neutron dosimetry. Progress report, 30 August 1992--1 September 1993
Research concentrated on three major areas during the last twelve months: (1) investigations of energy fluence and absorbed dose measurements using crystalline and hot pressed TLD materials exposes to ultrasoft beams of photons, (2) fast neutron kerma factor measurements for several important elements as well as NE-213 scintillation material response function determinations at the intense ``white`` source available at the WNR facility at LAMPF, and (3) kerma factor ratio determinations for carbon and oxygen to A-150 tissue equivalent plastic at the clinical fast neutron radiation facility at Harper Hospital, Detroit, MI. Progress summary reports of these efforts are given in this report.
Conversion Factor
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Conversion Factor (Btu per cubic foot) Production Marketed... 1,110 1,106 1,105 1,106 1,109 Extraction Loss ......
HFIR Experiment Facilities | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Experiment Facilities Experiment Facilities HFIR Experiment Facilities Neutron Scattering Facilities Target Positions Experiment Facilities in the Beryllium Reflector Large Removable Beryllium Facilities Small Removable Beryllium Facilities Control-Rod Access Plug Facilities Small Vertical Experiment Facilities Large Vertical Experiment Facilities Hydraulic Tube Facility Peripheral Target Positions Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) Laboratory and Pneumatic Tube Facilities Slant Engineering Facilities Gamma Irradiation Facility Quality Assurance Requirements Contact Information Neutron Scattering Facilities The fully instrumented HFIR will eventually include 15 state-of-the-art neutron scattering instruments, seven of which will be designed exclusively for cold neutron experiments, located in a guide hall south of the reactor
Dr. Andrey Podlesnyak | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Andrey Podlesnyak Andrey Podlesnyak Dr. Andrey Podlesnyak Instrument Scientist: Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS), SNS Education PhD in Physics, Institute for Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg, Russia Description of Research 2008 - present Instrument Scientist, Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer, Neutron Scattering Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory 2006 - 2008 Instrument Scientist, single crystal diffractometer E-4, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Berlin, Germany 2002 - 2006 Instrument Scientist, TOF spectrometer FOCUS, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland 2000 - 2002 Instrument Scientist, triple-axis spectrometer TASP, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland 1994 - 2000 Physicist, Institute for Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg, Russia
The Nuclear Physics of Neutron Stars
A remarkable fact about spherically-symmetric neutron stars in hydrostatic equilibrium - the so-called Schwarzschild stars - is that the only physics that they are sensitive to is the equation of state of neutron-rich matter. As such, neutron stars provide a myriad of observables that may be used to constrain poorly known aspects of the nuclear interaction under extreme conditions of density. After discussing many of the fascinating phases encountered in neutron stars, I will address how powerful theoretical, experimental, and observational constraints may be used to place stringent limits on the equation of state of neutron-rich matter.
Benchmarking a surrogate reaction for neutron capture
{sup 171,173}Yb(d,p{gamma}) reactions are measured, with the goal of extracting the neutron capture cross-section ratio as a function of the neutron energy using the external surrogate ratio method. The cross-section ratios obtained are compared to the known neutron capture cross sections. Although the Weisskopf-Ewing limit is demonstrated not to apply for these low neutron energies, a prescription for deducing surrogate cross sections is presented. The surrogate cross-section ratios deduced from the {sup 171,173}Yb(d,p{gamma}) measurements agree with the neutron capture results within 15%.
Hatarik, R.; Cizewski, J. A.; Hatarik, A. M.; O'Malley, P. D. [Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (United States); Bernstein, L. A.; Bleuel, D. L.; Burke, J. T.; Escher, J. E.; Lesher, S. R. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 (United States); Gibelin, J.; Phair, L.; Rodriguez-Vieitez, E. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Goldblum, B. L. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Nuclear Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Swan, T. [Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (United States); University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey (United Kingdom); Wiedeking, M. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)
Choppers - Instrument Support | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron Choppers Neutron Choppers The primary mission of the Neutron Chopper Team is to provide functional, reliable, safe, and operationally proven neutron chopper systems as required by the SNS instrument beam lines. Type of Choppers Activities Facilities Equipment TOP2 T0 chopper installed and operating in a CTF lower level chopper test bay. (Click for a larger picture) Chopper technician Bill Jordan recording chopper balance data. Types of Choppers Neutron choppers are rotating mechanical devices designed to block the neutron beam for some fraction of each revolution of the chopper. Our goal is to have at least three different functional classes of neutron choppers available for user experiments. Most, if not all, of these will be designed in standard forms that are interchangeable among the instruments. Most
Douglas Factors
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
The Merit Systems Protection Board in its landmark decision, Douglas vs. Veterans Administration, 5 MSPR 280, established criteria that supervisors must consider in determining an appropriate penalty to impose for an act of employee misconduct. These twelve factors are commonly referred to as ōDouglas Factorsö and have been incorporated into the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Personnel Management System and various FAA Labor Agreements.
Performance of the intense pulsed neutron source accelerator system
The Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) facility has now been operating in a routine way for outside users since November 1, 1981. From that date through December of 1982, the accelerator system was scheduled for neutron science for 4500 hours. During this time the accelerator achieved its short-term goals by delivering about 380,000,000 pulses of beam totaling over 6 x 10/sup 20/ protons. The changes in equipment and operating practices that evolved during this period of intense running are described. The intensity related instability threshold was increased by a factor of two and the accelerator beam current has been ion source limited. Plans to increase the accelerator intensity are also described. Initial operating results with a new H/sup -/ ion source are discussed.
Potts, C.; Brumwell, F.; Rauchas, A.; Stipp, V.; Volk, G.
Neutron Science In the News - 2014 | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Neutron Science In the News - 2014 Neutron Science In the News - 2014 Because some media sources archive past articles and require a subscription for access, some of the links below might not be active. If a citation listed here is no longer available, please contact the newspaper or your library directly. January Multiphysics Simulations Transmuting Designs for Safer Nuclear Power Engineering.com 1/7 Like the rest of the US's nuclear research reactors, Oak Ridge National Lab's (ORNL) high flux isotope reactor (HFIR) is moving from high-enriched uranium (HEU) fuel to low-enriched uranium (LEU). As such, the safety of the system must be assessed to incorporate the changes in fuel properties and the subsequently modified fuel plate. Due to the recent growth in multiphysics, fluid-structure dynamics
2010 Neutron Review: ORNL Neutron Sciences Progress Report
During 2010, the Neutron Sciences Directorate focused on producing world-class science, while supporting the needs of the scientific community. As the instrument, sample environment, and data analysis tools at High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR ) and Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) have grown over the last year, so has promising neutron scattering research. This was an exciting year in science, technology, and operations. Some topics discussed are: (1) HFIR and SNS Experiments Take Gordon Battelle Awards for Scientific Discovery - Battelle Memorial Institute presented the inaugural Gordon Battelle Prizes for scientific discovery and technology impact in 2010. Battelle awards the prizes to recognize the most significant advancements at national laboratories that it manages or co-manages. (2) Discovery of Element 117 - As part of an international team of scientists from Russia and the United States, HFIR staff played a pivotal role in the discovery by generating the berkelium used to produce the new element. A total of six atoms of ''ununseptium'' were detected in a two-year campaign employing HFIR and the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the heavy-ion accelerator capabilities at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. The discovery of the new element expands the understanding of the properties of nuclei at extreme numbers of protons and neutrons. The production of a new element and observation of 11 new heaviest isotopes demonstrate the increased stability of super-heavy elements with increasing neutron numbers and provide the strongest evidence to date for the existence of an island of enhanced stability for super-heavy elements. (3) Studies of Iron-Based High-Temperature Superconductors - ORNL applied its distinctive capabilities in neutron scattering, chemistry, physics, and computation to detailed studies of the magnetic excitations of iron-based superconductors (iron pnictides and chalcogenides), a class of materials discovered in 2008. This research is yielding new insights into the relationship between magnetism and superconductivity and has established several key features of this family of high-temperature superconducting (HTS ) materials: the maximum magnetic field at which they can function, the nature of the electrons involved in the superconductivity, the dependence of the properties upon chemical substitution, and the character of the magnetic fluctuations in the material. The results suggest that despite important differences between these materials and the HTS copper oxides, a universal mechanism may be responsible for the unconventional superconductivity. (4) Coal Sequestration Research: A New Home for Greenhouse Gases - One possibility for slowing down the increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) in the atmosphere is to capture the gas in natural underground features such as coal seams. Critical to the feasibility of this technology is determining how much CO{sub 2} can be stored, no method for which has been found - until now. (5) Accelerator Reliability Passes 92% - In December 2010, SNS set a new record for itself when the accelerator ran at 1 MW with 100% reliability. Target Performance Exceeds All Expectations - The mercury target used at SNS is the first of its kind. During the design and planning for SNS, many people were skeptical that the target would work. In 2010, it was confirmed that the target was working not only well but much better than anyone would have imagined. (6) Changing the World of Data Acquisition - Researchers at SNS are starting to benefit from event-based data analysis. Event data mode captures and stores an individual data set for every single neutron that strikes a detector - precisely when and where the neutron is detected. This technique provides numerous advantages over traditional methods. Event data mode allows researchers to process their data at the highest resolution possible with no loss of data. This method of data collection provides a much more efficient way for users to gather data a
Bardoel, Agatha A [ORNL; Counce, Deborah Melinda [ORNL; Ekkebus, Allen E [ORNL; Horak, Charlie M [ORNL; Nagler, Stephen E [ORNL; Kszos, Lynn A [ORNL
A nuclear reactor for the irradiation of materials designed to provide a localized area of high thermal neutron flux density in which the materials to be irradiated are inserted is described. The active portion of the reactor is comprised of a cubicle graphite moderator of about 25 feet in length along each axis which has a plurality of cylindrical channels for accommodatirg elongated tubular-shaped fuel elements. The fuel elements have radial fins for spacing the fuel elements from the channel walls, thereby providing spaces through which a coolant may be passed, and also to serve as a heatconductirg means. Ducts for accommnodating the sample material to be irradiated extend through the moderator material perpendicular to and between parallel rows of fuel channels. The improvement is in the provision of additional fuel element channels spaced midway between 2 rows of the regular fuel channels in the localized area surrounding the duct where the high thermal neutron flux density is desired. The fuel elements normally disposed in the channels directly adjacent the duct are placed in the additional channels, and the channels directly adjacent the duct are plugged with moderator material. This design provides localized areas of high thermal neutron flux density without the necessity of providing additional fuel material.
Newson, H.W.
Properties of Neutron Star Critical Collapses
Critical phenomena in gravitational collapse opened a new mathematical vista into the theory of general relativity and may ultimately entail fundamental physical implication in observations. However, at present, the dynamics of critical phenomena in gravitational collapse scenarios are still largely unknown. My thesis seeks to understand the properties of the threshold in the solution space of the Einstein field equations between the black hole and neutron star phases, understand the properties of the neutron star critical solution and clarify the implication of these results on realistic astrophysical scenarios. We develop a new set of neutron star-like initial data to establish the universality of the neutron star critical solution and analyze the structure of neutron star and neutron star-like critical collapses via the study of the phase spaces. We also study the different time scales involved in the neutron star critical solution and analyze the properties of the critical index via comparisons between neutron star and neutron star-like initial data. Finally, we explore the boundary of the attraction basin of the neutron star critical solution and its transition to a known set of non-critical fixed points.
Mew-Bing Wan
Dose factor entry and display tool for BNCT radiotherapy
A system for use in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) radiotherapy planning where a biological distribution is calculated using a combination of conversion factors and a previously calculated physical distribution. Conversion factors are presented in a graphical spreadsheet so that a planner can easily view and modify the conversion factors. For radiotherapy in multi-component modalities, such as Fast-Neutron and BNCT, it is necessary to combine each conversion factor component to form an effective dose which is used in radiotherapy planning and evaluation. The Dose Factor Entry and Display System is designed to facilitate planner entry of appropriate conversion factors in a straightforward manner for each component. The effective isodose is then immediately computed and displayed over the appropriate background (e.g. digitized image).
Wessol, Daniel E. (Bozeman, MT); Wheeler, Floyd J. (Idaho Falls, ID); Cook, Jeremy L. (Greeley, CO)
Battery Studies Battery Studies A Wealth of New Battery Research at SNS and HFIR Technical Contacts: Xun-Li Wang, Ashfia Huq, Jung-Hyun Kim October 2010, Written by Carolyn Krause Neutron scattering, capable of looking deep inside the structures of materials used in technologies such as batteries and fuel cells, is a natural tool for research in energy storage and production. Several users of neutron scattering instruments at the SNS and HFIR presented details of their energy-related research to prospective scientific facility users attending the opening session of ORNL's User Week at SNS. Most of the energy-related research reported in the session dealt with batteries for electric and hybrid electric cars. Better batteries are also needed for storing excess electricity generated by wind and solar power so
Advanced Neutron Source enrichment study
A study has been performed of the impact on performance of using low enriched uranium (20% {sup 235}U) or medium enriched uranium (35% {sup 235}U) as an alternative fuel for the Advanced Neutron Source, which is currently designed to use uranium enriched to 93% {sup 235}U. Higher fuel densities and larger volume cores were evaluated at the lower enrichments in terms of impact on neutron flux, safety, safeguards, technical feasibility, and cost. The feasibility of fabricating uranium silicide fuel at increasing material density was specifically addressed by a panel of international experts on research reactor fuels. The most viable alternative designs for the reactor at lower enrichments were identified and discussed. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to gain an understanding of the performance of the reactor at parametric values of power, fuel density, core volume, and enrichment that were interpolations between the boundary values imposed on the study or extrapolations from known technology.
Bari, R.A.; Ludewig, H.; Weeks, J.R.
Workshop on neutron capture therapy
Potentially optimal conditions for Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT) may soon be in hand due to the anticipated development of band-pass filtered beams relatively free of fast neutron contaminations, and of broadly applicable biomolecules for boron transport such as porphyrins and monoclonal antibodies. Consequently, a number of groups in the US are now devoting their efforts to exploring NCT for clinical application. The purpose of this Workshop was to bring these groups together to exchange views on significant problems of mutual interest, and to assure a unified and effective approach to the solutions. Several areas of preclinical investigation were deemed to be necessary before it would be possible to initiate clinical studies. As neither the monomer nor the dimer of sulfhydryl boron hydride is unequivocally preferable at this time, studies on both compounds should be continued until one is proven superior.
Fairchild, R.G.; Bond, V.P. (eds.)
Fast Proton Hopping in Ice Fast Proton Hopping in Ice Fast Proton Hopping in Ice (Ih) Confirmed by Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering "With these results, we have an experimental proof of fast proton hopping in ice," researcher says Research Contact: Alexander Kolesnikov June 2011, Written by Agatha Bardoel Protons (positive hydrogen ions) in an ice lattice have been "seen" to fast hop from one water molecule to another, using quasi-elastic neutron scattering at the SNS Backscattering Spectrometer, BASIS. This fundamental phenomenon that occurs at very low temperatures has important consequences for future investigations of proton conductivity in solids. The research could open the door to a new understanding of how electrolytes work in a system. Proton hopping in ice occurs when "extra" protons diffuse through
Detectors for Energy-Resolved Fast Neutron Imaging
Two detectors for energy-resolved fast-neutron imaging in pulsed broad-energy neutron beams are presented. The first one is a neutron-counting detector based on a solid neutron converter coupled to a gaseous electron multiplier (GEM). The second is an integrating imaging technique, based on a scintillator for neutron conversion and an optical imaging system with fast framing capability.
V. Dangendorf; A. Breskin; R. Chechik; G. Feldman; M. B. Goldberg; O. Jagutzki; C. Kersten; G. Laczko; I. Mor; U. Spillman; D. Vartsky
of Physics and Power Engineering (Obninsk) have proposed an accelerator based neutron source for neutron for neutron capture therapy is under construction now at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, NovosibirskAccelerator based neutron source for neutron capture therapy B. Bayanov, Yu. Belchenko, V. Belov, V
Saskatchewan, University of
Thirteenth National School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering
Spallation-Driven Cold Neutron Sources Dr. Bradley J. Micklich Senior Physicist, Physics Division physics research Want neutron wavelengths about the dimensions of interest, or neutron energies that can using an intense source of longerwavelength neutrons ┬Ł fundamental nuclear physics (neutron halflife
High precision thermal neutron detectors
Two-dimensional position sensitive detectors are indispensable in neutron diffraction experiments for determination of molecular and crystal structures in biology, solid-state physics and polymer chemistry. Some performance characteristics of these detectors are elementary and obvious, such as the position resolution, number of resolution elements, neutron detection efficiency, counting rate and sensitivity to gamma-ray background. High performance detectors are distinguished by more subtle characteristics such as the stability of the response (efficiency) versus position, stability of the recorded neutron positions, dynamic range, blooming or halo effects. While relatively few of them are needed around the world, these high performance devices are sophisticated and fairly complex; their development requires very specialized efforts. In this context, we describe here a program of detector development, based on {sup 3}He filled proportional chambers, which has been underway for some years at Brookhaven. Fundamental approaches and practical considerations are outlined that have resulted in a series of high performance detectors with the best known position resolution, position stability, uniformity of reliability over time of this type.
Radeka, V.; Schaknowski, N.A.; Smith, G.C.; and Yu, B.
Survey of neutron radiography facilities
A directory of neutron radiography facilities around the world was informally compiled about ten years ago under the auspices of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Subcommittee E7.05 (Radiology, Neutron). The work lay dormant for a number of years, but was revived in earnest in the fall of 1995. At that time, letters were mailed to all the facilities with available addresses in the original directory, requesting updated information. Additionally, information was gathered at the Second Topical meeting on neutron Radiography Facility System Design and Beam Characterization (November, 1995, Shonan Village, Japan). A second mailing was sent for final confirmation and updates in January, 1996. About 75% of the information in the directory has now been confirmed by the facility management. This paper presents a summary of the information contained in the facility directory. An electronic version of the directory in Wordperfect 6.1, uuencode, or rtf format is available by sending e-mail to the authors at imel{at}anl.gov or imel{at}baobab.cad.cea.fr. A WWW site for the directory is presently under construction.
Imel, G.R. [Centre d`Etudes de Cadarache, St. Paul lez Durance (France); McClellan, G.G. [Argonne National Lab., Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Scattering Scattering Neutron Scattering Facilities at HFIR The fully instrumented HFIR will eventually include 15 state-of-the-art neutron scattering instruments, seven of which will be designed exclusively for cold neutron experiments, located in a guide hall south of the reactor building. The currently available instruments and the status of new instruments can be found on the HFIR Instrument Systems pages. Particularly prominent in the cold neutron guide hall are the two small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments, each terminating in a 70-ft-long evacuated cylinder containing a large moveable neutron detector. In addition to the instruments, laboratories are equipped for users to prepare samples. Perhaps the most exciting development at HFIR is the successfully
Dr. Georg Ehlers - ORNL Neutron Sciences
Georg Ehlers Georg Ehlers Lead Instrument Scientist: Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS), SNS Education PhD in Experimental Condensed Matter Physics, the Hahn Meitner Institut, in Berlin, Germany Description of Research Dr. Ehlers joined the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in 2003 as the lead instrument scientist for beam line 5, the Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer (CNCS). CNCS is a high-resolution, direct geometry, cold neutron, inelastic multi-chopper spectrometer, designed to make use of neutrons with an energy of <50 meV. Before joining the SNS, Dr. Ehlers worked at the Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL), a leading European neutron research facility situated in Grenoble, France for six years. At the ILL, he was instrument-responsible for the spin-echo spectrometers IN11 and IN15, and established a strong research
A system for fast neutron radiography
A system has been designed and a neutron generator installed to perform fast neutron radiography. With this sytem, objects as small as a coin or as large as a waste drum can be radiographed. The neutron source is an MF Physics A-711 neutron generator which produces 3x10{sup 10} neutrons/second with an average energy of 14.5 MeV. The radiography system uses x-ray scintillation screens and film in commercially available cassettes. The cassettes have been modified to include a thin sheet of plastic to convert neutrons to protons through elastic scattering from hydrogen and other low Z materials in the plastic. For film densities from 1.8 to 3.0, exposures range from 1.9x10{sup 7} to 3.8x10{sup 8} n/cm{sup 2} depending on the type of screen and film.
Klann, R.T.
Tutorial on Neutron Physics in Dosimetry
Almost since the time of the discovery of the neutron more than 70 years ago, efforts have been made to understand the effects of neutron radiation on tissue and, eventually, to use neutrons for cancer treatment. In contrast to charged particle or photon radiations which directly lead to release of electrons, neutrons interact with the nucleus and induce emission of several different types of charged particles such as protons, alpha particles or heavier ions. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the neutron-nucleus interaction is necessary for dose calculations and treatment planning with the needed accuracy. We will discuss the concepts of dose and kerma, neutron-nucleus interactions and have a brief look at nuclear data needs and experimental facilities and set-ups where such data are measured.
S. Pomp
Cold neutrons trapped in external fields
The properties of inhomogeneous neutron matter are crucial to the physics of neutron-rich nuclei and the crust of neutron stars. Advances in computational techniques now allow us to accurately determine the binding energies and densities of many neutrons interacting via realistic microscopic interactions and confined in external fields. We perform calculations for different external fields and across several shells to place important constraints on inhomogeneous neutron matter, and hence the large isospin limit of the nuclear energy density functionals that are used to predict properties of heavy nuclei and neutron star crusts. We find important differences between microscopic calculations and current density functionals; in particular the isovector gradient terms are significantly more repulsive than in traditional models, and the spin-orbit and pairing forces are comparatively weaker.
S. Gandolfi; J. Carlson; Steven C. Pieper
Ferromagnetism in neutron matter and its implication for the neutron star equation of state
We investigate the possible contribution of the ferromagnetic phase of neutron matter in the neutron star interior to the star's magnetic field. We introduce a relativistic, self-consistent calculation of the ferromagnetic phase in neutron matter within the context of the relativistic mean-field approximation. The presence of the ferromagnetic phase stiffens the star's equation of state which implies a larger neutron star radius compared to the non-ferromagnetic case.
Diener, J. P. W. [Institute of Theoretical Physics, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box X1, Matieland, 7602 (South Africa); Scholtz, F. G. [Institute of Theoretical Physics, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box X1, Matieland, 7602 (South Africa); National Institute for Theoretical Physics, P.O. Box X1, Matieland, 7602 (South Africa)
1987 calibration of the TFTR neutron spectrometers
The {sup 3}He neutron spectrometer used for measuring ion temperatures and the NE213 proton recoil spectrometer used for triton burnup measurements were absolutely calibrated with DT and DD neutron generators placed inside the TFTR vacuum vessel. The details of the detector response and calibration are presented. Comparisons are made to the neutron source strengths measured from other calibrated systems. 23 refs., 19 figs., 6 tabs.
Barnes, C.W.; Strachan, J.D. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA); Princeton Univ., NJ (USA). Plasma Physics Lab.)
Experimental techniques are described for the spectral measurement of a collimated fast-neutron beam. A H/sub 2-/ filled cloud chamber, proton-recording nuclear plates, and threshold fission foils were used as neutron detectors in the measurements. As an application of these techniques, the energy distribution and absolute flux of the fast neutron beam emerging from the Los Alamos fast reactor was measured from 0.1 to 18 Mev. (D.E.B.)
Nereson, N.; Allison, E.; Carlson, J.; Norwood, P.; Squires, D.
Neutron Generators for Spent Fuel Assay
The Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) of the U.S. DOE has initiated a multi-lab/university collaboration to quantify the plutonium (Pu) mass in, and detect the diversion of pins from, spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assemblies with non-destructive assay (NDA). The 14 NDA techniques being studied include several that require an external neutron source: Delayed Neutrons (DN), Differential Die-Away (DDA), Delayed Gammas (DG), and Lead Slowing-Down Spectroscopy (LSDS). This report provides a survey of currently available neutron sources and their underlying technology that may be suitable for NDA of SNF assemblies. The neutron sources considered here fall into two broad categories. The term 'neutron generator' is commonly used for sealed devices that operate at relatively low acceleration voltages of less than 150 kV. Systems that employ an acceleration structure to produce ion beam energies from hundreds of keV to several MeV, and that are pumped down to vacuum during operation, rather than being sealed units, are usually referred to as 'accelerator-driven neutron sources.' Currently available neutron sources and future options are evaluated within the parameter space of the neutron generator/source requirements as currently understood and summarized in section 2. Applicable neutron source technologies are described in section 3. Commercially available neutron generators and other source options that could be made available in the near future with some further development and customization are discussed in sections 4 and 5, respectively. The pros and cons of the various options and possible ways forward are discussed in section 6. Selection of the best approach must take a number of parameters into account including cost, size, lifetime, and power consumption, as well as neutron flux, neutron energy spectrum, and pulse structure that satisfy the requirements of the NDA instrument to be built.
Ludewigt, Bernhard A
Superresolution of a compact neutron spectrometer at energies relevant for fusion diagnostics
The ability to achieve resolution that is better than the instrument resolution (i.e., superresolution) is well known in optics, where it has been extensively studied. Unfortunately, there are only a handful of theoretical studies concerning superresolution of particle spectrometers, even though experimentalists are familiar with the enhancement of resolution that is achievable when appropriate methods of data analysis are used, such as maximum entropy and Bayesian methods. Knowledge of the superresolution factor is in many cases important. For example, in applications of neutron spectrometry to fusion diagnostics, the temperature of a burning plasma is an important physical parameter which may be inferred from the width of the peak of the neutron energy spectrum, and the ability to determine this width depends on the superresolution factor. Kosarev has derived an absolute limit for resolution enhancement using arguments based on a well known theorem of Shannon. Most calculations of superresolution factors in the literature, however, are based on the assumption of Gaussian, translationally invariant response functions and therefore not directly applicable to neutron spectrometers which typically have response functions not satisfying these requirements. In this work, we develop a procedure that allows us to overcome these difficulties and we derive estimates of superresolution for liquid scintillator spectrometers of a type commonly used for neutron measurements. Theoretical superresolution factors are compared to experimental results.
Reginatto, M.; Zimbal, A. [Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig (Germany)
"Doublet", Neutron and Neutron stars --- An essay on Landau and Neutron stars
The concept of extremely dense matter at supra-nuclear density was first speculated by L. Landau in the beginning of 1930s when neutron was just discovered. A historical review on these issues not only explains the interaction between micro and cosmic physics, but also has profound implications for scientific innovation. It is surely meaningful in realistic physics education to look back to this history. (The review was published in Chinese.)
Renxin Xu
Investigating Microscopic Heat Transport with Neutron Scattering
In-Situ Neutron Diffraction and Crystal Plasticity Modeling of a-Uranium Ę In-Situ Studies of the ... Thermal Residual Stresses and Strains in Depleted Uranium.
Neutron Science Research from DOE Databases
(ANL), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), led pioneering advances and developed important techniques used today in neutron...
NCNR Offers Financial Assistance for Neutron Science ...
... in the environment to low-energy "cold" neutron ... available this fiscal year for first-year funding for ... Funding for additional years of multiyear projects is ...
NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) Recognition
... thank you for being here. Exxon should get the "spirit award" for being the first partner to invest in this cold neutron guide hall . . . ...
... 4 NG-7 30m SANS Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument for microstructure measurement sponsored by NIST, the Exxon Research and ...
Neutronic Characterization of the Megapie Target
The MEGAPIE project is one of the key experiments towards the feasibility of Accelerator Driven Systems. On-line operation and post-irradiation analysis will provide the scientific community with unique data on the behavior of a liquid spallation target under realistic irradiation conditions. A good neutronics performance of such a target is of primary importance towards an intense neutron source, where an extended liquid metal loop requires some dedicated verifications related to the delayed neutron activity of the irradiated PbBi. In this paper we report on the experimental characterization of the MEGAPIE neutronics in terms of the prompt neutron (PN) flux inside the target and the delayed neutron (DN) flux on the top of it. For the PN measurements, a complex detector, made of 8 microscopic fission chambers, has been built and installed in the central part of the target to measure the absolute neutron flux and its spatial distribution. Moreover, integral information on the neutron energy distribution as a function of the position along the beam axis could be extracted, providing integral constraints on the neutron production models implemented in transport codes such as MCNPX. For the DN measurement, we used a standard 3He counter and we acquired data during the start-up phase of the target irradiation in order to take sufficient statistics at variable beam power. Experimental results obtained on the PN flux characteristics and their comparison with MCNPX simulations are presented, together with a preliminary analysis of the DN decay time spectrum.
Stefano Panebianco; Olivier Bringer; Pavel Bokov; Sebastien Chabod; Frederic Chartier; Emmeric Dupont; Diane Dore; Xavier Ledoux; Alain Letourneau; Ludovic Oriol; Aurelien Prevost; Danas Ridikas; Jean-Christian Toussaint
The Neutron Imaging Diagnostic at NIF
A neutron imaging diagnostic has recently been commissioned at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). This new system is an important diagnostic tool for inertial fusion studies at the NIF for measuring the size and shape of the burning DT plasma during the ignition stage of ICF implosions. The imaging technique utilizes a pinhole neutron aperture, placed between the neutron source and a neutron detector. The detection system measures the two dimensional distribution of neutrons passing through the pinhole. This diagnostic has been designed to collect two images at two times. The long flight path for this diagnostic, 28 m, results in a chromatic separation of the neutrons, allowing the independently timed images to measure the source distribution for two neutron energies. Typically the first image measures the distribution of the 14 MeV neutrons and the second image of the 6-12 MeV neutrons. The combination of these two images has provided data on the size and shape of the burning plasma within the compressed capsule, as well as a measure of the quantity and spatial distribution of the cold fuel surrounding this core.
Merrill, F E; Buckles, R; Clark, D; Danly, C R; Drury, O B; Dzenitis, J M; Fatherly, V E; Fittinghoff, D N; Gallegos, R; Grim, G P; Guler, N; Loomis, E N; Lutz, S; Malone, R M; Martinson, D D; Mares, D; Morley, D J; Morgan, G L; Oertel, J A; Tregillis, I L; Volegov, P L; Weiss, P B; Wilde, C H
The neutron imaging diagnostic at NIF (invited)
A neutron imaging diagnostic has recently been commissioned at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). This new system is an important diagnostic tool for inertial fusion studies at the NIF for measuring the size and shape of the burning DT plasma during the ignition stage of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) implosions. The imaging technique utilizes a pinhole neutron aperture, placed between the neutron source and a neutron detector. The detection system measures the two dimensional distribution of neutrons passing through the pinhole. This diagnostic has been designed to collect two images at two times. The long flight path for this diagnostic, 28 m, results in a chromatic separation of the neutrons, allowing the independently timed images to measure the source distribution for two neutron energies. Typically the first image measures the distribution of the 14 MeV neutrons and the second image of the 6-12 MeV neutrons. The combination of these two images has provided data on the size and shape of the burning plasma within the compressed capsule, as well as a measure of the quantity and spatial distribution of the cold fuel surrounding this core.
Merrill, F. E.; Clark, D. D.; Danly, C. R.; Drury, O. B.; Fatherley, V. E.; Gallegos, R.; Grim, G. P.; Guler, N.; Loomis, E. N.; Martinson, D. D.; Mares, D.; Morley, D. J.; Morgan, G. L.; Oertel, J. A.; Tregillis, I. L.; Volegov, P. L.; Wilde, C. H.; Wilson, D. C. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544 (United States); Bower, D.; Dzenitis, J. M. [Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 (United States); and others
High-Efficiency Neutron Detection and Spectroscopy
High-Efficiency Neutron Detection and Spectroscopy. ... such as searches for WIMP dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay, and solar neutrinos. ...
Data Analysis & Visualization | Neutron Science | ORNL
Filter-Analyzer Neutron Spectrometer (FANS)
... Soc., Div. Fuel Chem ... H. Kabbour, and CC Ahn, "Hydrogen Adsorption in MOF-74 Studied by Inelastic Neutron Scattering", in Life Cycle Analysis for ...
Clifford G. Shull Fellowship | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Clifford G. Shull Fellowship Program is aimed at attracting new scientific talent to ORNL and its neutron science programs, making it possible for these outstanding new...
Dr. Christopher Stanley | ORNL Neutron Sciences
from disorder to aggregation to hydration, Graduate Course on Neutrons in Biology, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN; Jun. 4, 2012. Characterizing intrinsically disordered proteins by...
Spherical neutron generator - Energy Innovation Portal
A spherical neutron generator is formed with a small spherical target and a spherical shell RF-driven plasma ion source surrounding the target. A ...
Methods for Detecting Hydrogenous Material Using Neutron ...
Summary. The neutron spectrometer created by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) can be used by arms control and nonproliferation agents to ...
Neutron Powder Diffraction Workshop (NPD2011)
Workshop Contact Information Instructors Application Form Sample Description HB2A at HFIR POWGEN at SNS filler About the Workshop Neutron powder diffraction is a widely used...
Neutron Data Analysis & Visualization | More Science | ORNL
the data sets generated by the increasingly powerful neutron scattering instruments at HFIR and SNS grow ever more massive, the facilities' users require significant advances in...
ORNL Neutron Sciences Instrument Fact Sheets
of each neutron scattering instrument at ORNL. You can also view SNS Instrument and HFIR Instrument pages that go to the related instrument's web pages. Detailed information...
Quantum Condensed Matter Division | Neutron Science | ORNL
instruments used for diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering at both SNS and HFIR. The science conducted by our staff members emphasizes materials with emergent...
Publications and Resources | Neutron Science | ORNL
ORNL facilities by Neutron Science Directorate staff. We strongly encourage SNS and HFIR users to submit citation information, including URLs, for all publications regarding...
News Releases and Features | Neutron Science | ORNL
June 29, 2012 - Bio-SANS, the Biological Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument at HFIR recently had a detector upgrade that will provide significantly improved performance...
Breast Tissue Imaging | ORNL Neutron Sciences
the hydrogen-sensitive neutron imaging capabilities at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) to image healthy and cancerous breast tissue specimens. Working with Hassina Bilheux,...
Chemical and Engineering Materials | Neutron Science | ORNL
Materials SHARE Chemical and Engineering Materials Neutron-based research at SNS and HFIR in Chemical and Engineering Materials strives to understand the structure and dynamics...
ORNL Neutron Scattering User Meeting (ONSUM 2011)
and learning about the capabilities of neutron scattering instruments at SNS and HFIR Meeting fellow user scientists and engineers to discuss ongoing research and R&D needs...
Kids' Corner at Neutron Science | ORNL
Center at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory for use of the atomic mystery model. SNS Activity Book Check out the SNS Activity Book, with information about neutrons and why...
SNS Operations Status Update | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Home SNS Operations Status Update SNS Operations Status Update - November 29, 2012 Resumption of SNS Operations and User Program Neutron production resumed on November 29,...
SNS Instrument Systems | ORNL Neutron Sciences
instrument layout. Click for details. Instruments at the Spallation Neutron Source SNS currently has 13 instruments available for users. Each instrument is designed to complement...
Compound Refractive Lenses for Thermal Neutron Applications
This project designed and built compound refractive lenses (CRLs) that are able to focus, collimate and image using thermal neutrons. Neutrons are difficult to manipulate compared to visible light or even x rays; however, CRLs can provide a powerful tool for focusing, collimating and imaging neutrons. Previous neutron CRLs were limited to long focal lengths, small fields of view and poor resolution due to the materials available and manufacturing techniques. By demonstrating a fabrication method that can produce accurate, small features, we have already dramatically improved the focal length of thermal neutron CRLs, and the manufacture of Fresnel lens CRLs that greatly increases the collection area, and thus efficiency, of neutron CRLs. Unlike a single lens, a compound lens is a row of N lenslets that combine to produce an N-fold increase in the refraction of neutrons. While CRLs can be made from a variety of materials, we have chosen to mold Teflon lenses. Teflon has excellent neutron refraction, yet can be molded into nearly arbitrary shapes. We designed, fabricated and tested Teflon CRLs for neutrons. We demonstrated imaging at wavelengths as short as 1.26 ? with large fields of view and achieved resolution finer than 250 ?m which is better than has been previously shown. We have also determined designs for Fresnel CRLs that will greatly improve performance.
Gary, Charles K.
Quantum Condensed Matter | Neutron Science | ORNL
Quantum Condensed Matter SHARE Quantum Condensed Matter Neutron scattering is a uniquely powerful probe for measuring the structure and dynamics of condensed matter. As such it is...
Lithiated Glass Scintillating-Particle Neutron Detector
developed from glass that has been loaded with a high concentration of lithium-6, a neutron-absorbing material. A scintillating material in the form ...
Lithiated Glass Scintillating-Particle Neutron Detector ...
... ORNL invention uses a matrix material developed from glass that has been loaded with a high concentration of lithium-6, a neutron-absorbing ...
... J. Hwang, "Probing the Unusual Proton and Anion Mobility of LiBH ... Analysis of the Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectra of Electron Donor-Acceptor ...
Acknowledgement Statement for User Publications | ORNL Neutron...
with this required statement: Part of the Research conducted at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor andor Spallation Neutron Source, as appropriate was sponsored by the...
... 4 NG-7 30 m SANS Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument for microstructure measurement sponsored by NIST, the ExxonMobil Research ...
Neutron Scattering Analysis of Magnetostructural Phase ...
Experiments to observe the structural and magnetic phase transformations were performed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge NationalĀ...
MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES: III: Corrosion
Both liquid mercury and liquid lead-bismuth eutectic have been proposed as possible target materials for spallation neutron sources. During the 1950's andĀ...
International Neutron Scattering Instrumentation School (INSIS...
INSIS 2012 International Neutron Scattering Instrumentation School (INSIS) 15 - 27 July, 2012 INSIS 2012 INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati * Rome, Italy About the School How...
Experimental determination of neutron lifetimes through macroscopic neutron noise in the IPEN/MB-01 reactor
The neutron lifetimes of the core, reflector, and global were experimentally obtained through macroscopic neutron noise in the IPEN/MB-01 reactor for five levels of subcriticality. The theoretical Auto Power Spectral Densities were derived by point kinetic equations taking the reflector effect into account, and one of the approaches consider an additional group of delayed neutrons.
Gonnelli, Eduardo; Diniz, Ricardo [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP Travessa R-400, 05508-900, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Neutron flux, spectrum, and dose equivalent measurements for a 4500-W(th) /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ general purpose heat source
The total emission rate is (4.5 +- 0.4) 10/sup 7/ n/s, and the average neutron energy is (1.64 +- 0.07) MeV. The factor for converting from neutron fluence to dose equivalent for this spectrum is (3.10 +- 0.24) 10/sup -5/ mRem/n-cm/sup -2/. The factor for converting from neutron fluence to tissue absorbed dose is (3.18 +- 0.26) 10/sup -6/ mRad/n-cm/sup -2/.
Anderson, M.E.
Neutrons' view of hydrogen yields insight into HIV drug design...
Neutrons' view of hydrogen yields insight into HIV drug design ORNL-led study demonstrates relevance of neutrons in biomedical research An ORNL-led team used neutrons to study the...
IMAGING: the Neutron Imaging Prototype Facility at HFIR | ORNL...
Neutron Imaging Prototype Facility CG-1D flight tubes Neutron imaging beam line CG-1D. The CG-1D beam is used for neutron imaging measurements and can be configured for white beam...
World record neutron beam at Los Alamos National Laboratory
World record neutron beam at LANL World record neutron beam at Los Alamos National Laboratory Scientists have created the largest neutron beam ever made by a short-pulse laser,...
22.05 Neutron Science and Reactor Physics, Fall 2006
This course introduces fundamental properties of the neutron. It covers reactions induced by neutrons, nuclear fission, slowing down of neutrons in infinite media, diffusion theory, the few-group approximation, point ...
Bernard, John A.
A compact neutron generator using a field ionization source
Field ionization as a means to create ions for compact and rugged neutron sources is pursued. Arrays of carbon nano-#12;bers promise the high #12;eld-enhancement factors required for efficient field ionization. We report on the fabrication of arrays of #12;field emitters with a density up to 10{sup 6} tips/cm{sup 2} and measure their performance characteristics using electron field emission. The critical issue of uniformity is discussed, as are efforts towards coating the nano-fibers to enhance their lifetime and surface properties.
Persaud, Arun; Waldmann, Ole; Kapadia, Rehan; Takei, Kuniharu; Javey, Ali; Schenkel, Thomas
Neutron Interactions in the CUORE Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiment
Neutrinoless double beta decay (0{nu}DBD) is a lepton-number violating process that can occur only for a massive Majorana neutrino. The search for 0{nu}DBD is currently the only practical experimental way to determine whether neutrinos are identical to their own antiparticles (Majorana neutrinos) or have distinct particle and anti-particle states (Dirac neutrinos). In addition, the observation of 0{nu}DBD can provide information about the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. The Cuoricino experiment was a sensitive search for 0{nu}DBD, as well as a proof of principle for the next generation experiment, CUORE. CUORE will search for 0{nu}DBD of {sup 130}Te with a ton-scale array of unenriched TeO{sub 2} bolometers. By increasing mass and decreasing the background for 0{nu}DBD, the half-life sensitivity of CUORE will be a factor of twenty better than that of Cuoricino. The site for both of these experiments is the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, an underground laboratory with 3300 meters water equivalent rock overburden and a cosmic ray muon attenuation factor of 10{sup -6}. Because of the extreme low background requirements for CUORE, it is important that all potential sources of background in the 0{nu}DBD peak region at 2530 keV are well understood. One potential source of background for CUORE comes from neutrons, which can be produced underground both by ({alpha},n) reactions and by fast cosmic ray muon interactions. Preliminary simulations by the CUORE collaboration indicate that these backgrounds will be negligible for CUORE. However, in order to accurately simulate the expected neutron background, it is important to understand the cross sections for neutron interactions with detector materials. In order to help refine these simulations, I have measured the gamma-ray production cross sections for interactions of neutrons on the abundant stable isotopes of Te using the GEANIE detector array at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. In addition, I have used the GEANIE data to set an upper limit for the production of a 2529 keV gamma-ray from the {sup 126}Te(n,n{prime}{gamma}) reaction. This gamma-ray is a potential source of interference for the 0{nu}DBD peak. Based on this measurement, the contribution of this line to the background is expected to be negligible.
Dolinski, M J
Directional neutron detectors for use with 14 MeV neutrons :fiber scintillation methods for directional neutron detection.
Current Joint Test Assembly (JTA) neutron monitors rely on knock-on proton type detectors that are susceptible to X-rays and low energy gamma rays. We investigated two novel plastic scintillating fiber directional neutron detector prototypes. One prototype used a fiber selected such that the fiber width was less than 2.1mm which is the range of a proton in plastic. The difference in the distribution of recoil proton energy deposited in the fiber was used to determine the incident neutron direction. The second prototype measured both the recoil proton energy and direction. The neutron direction was determined from the kinematics of single neutron-proton scatters. This report describes the development and performance of these detectors.
Sunnarborg, Duane A.; Peel, Justin D.; Mascarenhas, Nicholas; Mengesha, Wondwosen
Neutronics at Wisconsin, ORNL advances ITER shielding and internationa...
Neutronics at Wisconsin, ORNL advances ITER shielding and international collaboration American Fusion News Category: U.S. ITER Link: Neutronics at Wisconsin, ORNL advances ITER...
Neutron Stress, Texture, and Phase Transformation for Industry...
NST2 Neutron Stress, Texture, and Phase Transformation for Industry April 19, 2007 Spallation Neutron Source Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Presentation PDF's & Group...
Neutrons for Materials Science and Engineering - ASM Oak Ridge...
of NST2 Attendees Click for full Size Image Welcome Overview - Michelle Buchanon Fundamentals of Neutron Scattering Research - Ian Anderson Neutron Scattering on Magnetic...
Logging Calibration Models for Fission Neutron Sondes (September...
Logging Calibration Models for Fission Neutron Sondes (September 1981) Logging Calibration Models for Fission Neutron Sondes (September 1981) Logging Calibration Models for Fission...
Neutron Diffraction in the Toolbox for Materials Science and ...
Neutron Diffraction Studies of Residual Stresses around Gouges and Gouged Dents in Pipelines Ę Neutron Diffraction Study and EVPSC Modeling of theĀ...
Applied Neutron Scattering in Engineering and Materials Science ...
Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences | ornl.gov
Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences SHARE Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences JINS is located on Chestnut Ridge within the 80-acre SNS site, part of Oak Ridge National...
Highlights from Research Conducted at ARCS | ORNL Neutron Sciences
New neutron studies support magnetism's role in superconductors Advances in unconventional iron-based superconductors Startling thermal energy behavior revealed by neutron...
Neutron Science and Supercomputing Come Together at Oak Ridge...
Neutron Science and Supercomputing Come Together at Oak Ridge National Lab (HPCWire) June 24, 2013 Next-generation neutron scattering requires next-generation data analysis...
Highlights from Research Conducted at Bio-SANS | ORNL Neutron...
Highlights from Research Conducted at Bio-SANS Neutrons help shed light on critical protein activity that protects our DNA New detector array improves neutron count capability at...
Use of Quantum Error Coding in a 4-Blade Neutron ...
Use of Quantum Error Coding in a 4-Blade Neutron Interferometer. Summary: ... Figure 1: A schematic diagram of the 5-blade neutron interferometer. ...
Portable Low Energy Neutron Source - Industrial Partnerships Office
Typically, sources of low energy neutrons are large and immobile, often filling entire rooms. A portable source of low energy neutrons would allow for accurate and ...
Workshop on Neutron Scattering Applications in Structural Biology...
Workshop on Neutron Scattering Applications in Structural Biology Workshop on Neutron Scattering Applications in Structural Biology For the fourth consecutive year, NScD and JINS...
The Extended Q-Range Small Angle Neutron Scattering ...
Abstract Scope, The Extended Q-Range Small Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer (EQ-SANS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a high intensityĀ...
Neutron Imaging for Non-Destructive Testing of Nuclear Materials
After irradiation such samples are strong ? sources themselves. At the spallation neutron source SINQ of the Paul Scherrer Institute operates a unique neutronĀ...
Industrial Applications at Small Angle Neutron Scattering and ...
... at Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Neutron Diffraction of HANARO Reactor .... Structure/Microstructure Analysis of Faulted and Modular Materials fromĀ...
Porcelain enamel neutron absorbing material
A porcelain enamel composition as a neutron absorbing material can be prepared of a major proportion by weight of a cadmium compound and a minor proportion of compound of boron, lithium and silicon. These compounds in the form of a porcelain enamel coating or layer on several alloys has been found to be particularly effective in enhancing the nuclear safety of equipment for use in the processing and storage of fissile material. The composition of the porcelain enamel coating can be tailored to match the coefficient of thermal expansion of the equipment to be coated and excellent coating adhesion can be achieved. 2 figs.
Iverson, D.C.
A method and arrangement is presented for removing a fuel element from a neutronic reactor tube through which a liquid coolant is being circulaled. The fuel element is moved into a section of the tube beyond the reactor proper, and then the coolant in the tube between the fuel element and the reactor proper is frozen, so that the fuel element may be removed from the tube without loss of the coolant therein. The method is particularly useful in the case of a liquid metal- cooled reactor.
Zinn, W.H.
Boron-Lined Neutron Detector Measurements
Radiation portal monitors used for interdiction of illicit materials at borders include highly sensitive neutron detection systems. The main reason for having neutron detection capability is to detect fission neutrons from plutonium. The currently deployed radiation portal monitors (RPMs) from Ludlum and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) use neutron detectors based upon 3He-filled gas proportional counters, which are the most common large neutron detector. There is a declining supply of 3He in the world, and thus, methods to reduce the use of this gas in RPMs with minimal changes to the current system designs and sensitivity to cargo-borne neutrons are being investigated. Four technologies have been identified as being currently commercially available, potential alternative neutron detectors to replace the use of 3He in RPMs. Reported here are the results of tests of a newly designed boron-lined proportional counter option. This testing measured the neutron detection efficiency and gamma ray rejection capabilities of a system manufactured by Reuter Stokes.
Lintereur, Azaree T.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Ely, James H.; Erikson, Luke E.; Siciliano, Edward R.
PNNL-18938 Revision Radiation portal monitors used for interdiction of illicit materials at borders include highly sensitive neutron detection systems. The main reason for having neutron detection capability is to detect fission neutrons from plutonium. The currently deployed radiation portal monitors (RPMs) from Ludlum and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) use neutron detectors based upon 3He-filled gas proportional counters, which are the most common large neutron detector. There is a declining supply of 3He in the world, and thus, methods to reduce the use of this gas in RPMs with minimal changes to the current system designs and sensitivity to cargo-borne neutrons are being investigated. Four technologies have been identified as being currently commercially available, potential alternative neutron detectors to replace the use of 3He in RPMs. Reported here are the results of tests of a newly designed boron-lined proportional counter option. This testing measured the neutron detection efficiency and gamma ray rejection capabilities of two successive prototypes of a system manufactured by GE Reuter Stokes.
Lintereur, Azaree T.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Ely, James H.; Erikson, Luke E.; Siciliano, Edward R.; Woodring, Mitchell L.
Coated semiconductor devices for neutron detection
A device for detecting neutrons includes a semi-insulated bulk semiconductor substrate having opposed polished surfaces. A blocking Schottky contact comprised of a series of metals such as Ti, Pt, Au, Ge, Pd, and Ni is formed on a first polished surface of the semiconductor substrate, while a low resistivity ("ohmic") contact comprised of metals such as Au, Ge, and Ni is formed on a second, opposed polished surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, n-type low resistivity pinout contacts comprised of an Au/Ge based eutectic alloy or multi-layered Pd/Ge/Ti/Au are also formed on the opposed polished surfaces and in contact with the Schottky and ohmic contacts. Disposed on the Schottky contact is a neutron reactive film, or coating, for detecting neutrons. The coating is comprised of a hydrogen rich polymer, such as a polyolefin or paraffin; lithium or lithium fluoride; or a heavy metal fissionable material. By varying the coating thickness and electrical settings, neutrons at specific energies can be detected. The coated neutron detector is capable of performing real-time neutron radiography in high gamma fields, digital fast neutron radiography, fissile material identification, and basic neutron detection particularly in high radiation fields.
Klann, Raymond T. (Bolingbrook, IL); McGregor, Douglas S. (Whitmore Lake, MI)
Thermostat for neutron-diffraction apparatus
This paper describes a thermostat which has been designed for neutron-diffraction studies. The thermostat does not introduce any distortions into the beam of neutrons diffracted from the specimen. The range of operating temperatures is 300-1300 degrees K and the vacuum is 10/sup -6/ torr. The thermostat permits liquid, solid, and amorphous specimens to be studied.
Kozlov, E.N.; Nikolaev, V.O.; Skovorod'ko, S.N.; Tsirkunova, S.E.
Lithium Loaded Glass Fiber Neutron Detector Tests
Radiation portal monitors used for interdiction of illicit materials at borders include highly sensitive neutron detection systems. The main reason for having neutron detection capability is to detect fission neutrons from plutonium. The currently deployed radiation portal monitors (RPMs) from Ludlum and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) use neutron detectors based upon 3He-filled gas proportional counters, which are the most common large neutron detector. There is a declining supply of 3He in the world and, thus, methods to reduce the use of this gas in RPMs with minimal changes to the current system designs and sensitivity to cargo-borne neutrons are being investigated. Four technologies have been identified as being currently commercially available, potential alternative neutron detectors to replace the use of 3He in RPMs. Reported here are the results of tests of the lithium-loaded glass fibers option. This testing measured the neutron detection efficiency and gamma ray rejection capabilities of a small system manufactured by Nucsafe (Oak Ridge, TN).
Ely, James H.; Erikson, Luke E.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Lintereur, Azaree T.; Stromswold, David C.
Thermal neutron shield and method of manufacture
A thermal neutron shield comprising concrete with a high percentage of the element Boron. The concrete is least 54% Boron by weight which maximizes the effectiveness of the shielding against thermal neutrons. The accompanying method discloses the manufacture of Boron loaded concrete which includes enriching the concrete mixture with varying grit sizes of Boron Carbide.
Brindza, Paul Daniel; Metzger, Bert Clayton
Workshop on NEUtron WAVElength Dependent Imaging
NEUtron WAVElength Dependent Imaging NEUtron WAVElength Dependent Imaging (NEUWAVE-4) Workshop October 2 - 5, 2011 Spallation Neutron Source * Oak Ridge National Laboratory * Gatlinburg, TN, USA About the Workshop Workshop Agenda Contact Information Important Dates NEUWAVE-4 Program Registration Lodging Social Events Tourist Information Organizing Committee Program Committee Workshop Flyer filler About the Workshop The Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Neutron Sciences Directorate and Energy & Environmental Sciences Directorate are pleased to host the 4th Workshop on NEUtron WAVElength Dependent Imaging (NEUWAVE-4). This meeting discusses the latest development in energy selective imaging techniques, applications and existing and future instrumentation. This meeting follows the successful meeting held in Garching, Germany (April 2008,) Abingdon, UK (June 2009,) and Hokkaido University (June 2010.)
Neutron scattering measures samples too hot to hold Neutron scattering measures samples too hot to hold Research Contact: Kenneth Kelton August 2013 Liquids and glasses can have unique optical, electronic, and structural applications but are poorly understood compared to crystalline materials, limiting the ability to take advantage of the characteristics of glasses in a range of applications. Containers can react with molten samples at high temperatures or can favor the growth of crystals over the formation of glasses. Using the chemical and isotopic sensitivity of neutron scattering to understand these disordered structures requires a new capability to hold samples in a neutron beam at high temperature without using a solid physical container. New sample environment equipment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) enables scientists to
News ŌĆ║ 2005 News News ŌĆ║ 2005 News Neutron Science In the News - 2005 December November October September August July June May April March February January John Sullivan, Associate Under Secretary, took a tour of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), October 4, 2005 John Sullivan, Associate Under Secretary, took a tour of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), October 4, 2005. Because some media sources archive past articles and require a subscription for access, some of the links below might not be active. If a citation listed here is no longer available, please contact the newspaper or your library directly. December Spallation Neutron Source Amazing Science Facts Newswise 12/22 The New Year is bringing the science community a grand present: The Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. On schedule for
Safety control circuit for a neutronic reactor
A neutronic reactor comprising an active portion containing material fissionable by neutrons of thermal energy, means to control a neutronic chain reaction within the reactor comprising a safety device and a regulating device, a safety device including means defining a vertical channel extending into the reactor from an aperture in the upper surface of the reactor, a rod containing neutron-absorbing materials slidably disposed within the channel, means for maintaining the safety rod in a withdrawn position relative to the active portion of the reactor including means for releasing said rod on actuation thereof, a hopper mounted above the active portion of the reactor having a door disposed at the bottom of the hopper opening into the vertical channel, a plurality of bodies of neutron-absorbing materials disposed within the hopper, and means responsive to the failure of the safety rod on actuation thereof to enter the active portion of the reactor for opening the door in the hopper.
Ellsworth, Howard C. (Richland, WA)
Type I Superconductivity in Neutron Stars
The magnetic structure of neutron vortices in the superfluid cores of neutron stars is determined assuming that the proton condensate forms a type I superconductor. It is shown that the entrainment currents induced by the neutron vortex circulation cause the proton superconductor to break into successive domains of normal and superconducting regions. The Gibbs free-energy is found in the case in which the normal domains form cylindrical tubes coaxial with the neutron vortex. The minimum of the energy functional corresponds to a tube radius $a\\sim 0.1-0.5 ~b$, where $b$ is the outer radius of the neutron vortex. The magnetic field within the tube is of the order of $ 5 \\times 10^{14}$ G.
D. M. Sedrakian; A. Sedrakian; G. F. Zharkov
Neutron Detection via the Cherenkov Effect
We have incorporated neutron-absorbing elements in transparent, non-scintillating glasses and used the Cherenkov effect to convert neutron-induced beta-gamma radiation directly into light. Use of the Cherenkov effect requires glasses with a high index of refraction (to lower the threshold and increase the number of Cherenkov photons), and neutron absorbers resulting in radioactive products emitting high-energy beta or gamma radiation. In this paper, we present a brief description of the requirements for developing efficient Cherenkov-based neutron detectors, show the results of measurements of the response of representative samples to a thermal neutron flux, and give the results of a calculation of the expected response of a detector to a moderated fission spectrum.
Bell, Zane W [ORNL; Boatner, Lynn A [ORNL
Axion emission from a magnetized neutron gas
By using the polarization density matrix for a neutron in a magnetic field, the axion luminosity of magnetic neutron stars that is associated with the flip of the anomalous magnetic moment of degenerate nonrelativistic neutrons is calculated. It is shown that, at values of the magnetic-field induction in the region B Greater-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 10{sup 18} G, this mechanism of axion emission is dominant in 'young' neutron stars of temperature about a few tens of MeV units. At B {approx} 10{sup 17} G, it is one of the basic mechanisms. The Fermi energy of a degenerate neutron gas in a magnetic field is found, and it is shown that there is no such mechanism of axion emission in the degenerate case.
Skobelev, V. V., E-mail: email@example.com [Moscow State Industrial University (Russian Federation)
Science Opportunities at ORNL's Neutron Sources
The Neutron Sciences Directorate at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) operates two of the world's most advanced neutron scattering research facilities: the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Our vision is to provide unprecedented capabilities for understanding structure and properties across the spectrum of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering, and to stay at the leading edge of neutron science by developing new instruments, tools, and services. This talk will provide an update on the operations of the two research facilities and highlight the significant research that is emerging. For example, scientists from ORNL are at the forefront of research on a new class of iron-based superconductors based on experiments performed at the Triple-Axis Spectrometer at HFIR and ARCS at SNS. The complementary nature of neutron and x-ray techniques will be discussed to spark discussion among attendees.
Anderson, Ian [ORNL, SNS
Neutron initiation probability in fast burst reactor
Based on the probability balance of neutron random events in multiply system, the four random process of neutron in prompt super-critical is described and then the equation of neutron initiation probability W(r,E,{Omega},t) is deduced. On the assumption of static, slightly prompt super-critical and the two factorial approximation, the formula of the average probability of 'one' neutron is derived which is the same with the result derived from the point model. The MC simulation using point model is applied in Godiva- II and CFBR-II, and the simulation result of one neutron initiation is well consistent with the theory that the initiation probability of Godiva- II inverted commas CFBR-II burst reactor are 0.00032, 0.00027 respectively on the ordinary burst operation. (authors)
Liu, X.; Du, J.; Xie, Q.; Fan, X. [Inst. of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, No.64, Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan (China)
Selection of non-destructive assay methods: Neutron counting or calorimetric assay?
The transition of DOE facilities from production to D&D has lead to more measurements of product, waste, scrap, and other less attractive materials. Some of these materials are difficult to analyze by either neutron counting or calorimetric assay. To determine the most efficacious analysis method, variety of materials, impure salts and hydrofluorination residues have been assayed by both calorimetric assay and neutron counting. New data will be presented together with a review of published data. The precision and accuracy of these measurements are compared to chemistry values and are reported. The contribution of the gamma ray isotopic determination measurement to the overall error of the calorimetric assay or neutron assay is examined and discussed. Other factors affecting selection of the most appropriate non-destructive assay method are listed and considered.
Cremers, T.L.; Wachter, J.R.
Fusion reactions with the one-neutron halo nucleus 15C
The structure of 15C, with an s1/2 neutron weakly bound to a closed-neutron shell nucleus 14C, makes it a prime candidate for a one-neutron halo nucleus. We have for the first time studied the cross section for the fusion-fission reaction 15C + 232Th at energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier and compared it to the yield of the neighboring 14C + 232Th system measured in the same experiment. At sub-barrier energies, an enhancement of the fusion yield by factors of 2-5 was observed for 15C, while the cross sections for 14C match the trends measured for 12,13C.
M. Alcorta; K. E. Rehm; B. B. Back; S. Bedoor; P. F. Bertone; C. M. Deibel; B. DiGiovine; H. Esbensen; J. P. Greene; C. R. Hoffmann; C. L. Jiang; J. C. Lighthall; S. T. Marley; R. C. Pardo; M. Paul; A. M. Rogers; C. Ugalde; A. H. Wuosmaa
Extensions of the burst generation rate method for wider application to proton/neutron-induced single event effects
The Burst Generation Rate (BGR) method, originally developed to calculate single event upset (SEU) rates in microelectronics due to neutrons and protons, has been extended for wider application, allowing cross sections for both SEU and single event latchup (SEL) to be calculated, and comparisons to be made with measured data. The method uses the Weibull fit to accurately represent the behavior of the heavy ion SEU cross section. Proton SEU cross sections in RAMs, microprocessors and FPGAs are calculated, with agreement generally to within a factor of 2--3, and similar results are obtained for neutron cross sections for both cosmic ray and fission spectra. The BGR method is also modified to calculate cross sections for proton/neutron induced SEL. Agreement is generally good for SEL for most devices, but there are also limitations, since some very modern devices are shown to have unusually high susceptibility to SEL by protons/neutrons.
Normand, E. [Boeing Information, Space and Defense Systems, Seattle, WA (United States)] [Boeing Information, Space and Defense Systems, Seattle, WA (United States)
Measurements of Accelerator-Produced Leakage Neutron and Photon Transmission through Concrete
Optimum shielding of the radiation from particle accelerators requires knowledge of the attenuation characteristics of the shielding material. The most common material for shielding this radiation is concrete, which can be made using various materials of different densities as aggregates. These different concrete mixes can have very different attenuation characteristics. Information about the attenuation of leakage photons and neutrons in ordinary and heavy concrete is, however, very limited. To increase our knowledge and understanding of the radiation attenuation in concrete of various compositions, we have performed measurements of the transmission of leakage radiation, photons and neutrons, from a Varian Clinac 2100C medical linear accelerator operating at maximum electron energies of 6 and 18 MeV. We also calculated, using Monte Carlo techniques, the leakage neutron spectra and its transmission through concrete. The results of these measurements and calculations extend the information currently available for designing shielding for medical electron accelerators. Photon transmission characteristics depend more on the manufacturer of the concrete than on the atomic composition. A possible cause for this effect is a non-uniform distribution of the high density aggregate, typically iron, in the concrete matrix. Errors in estimated transmission of photons can exceed a factor of three, depending on barrier thickness, if attenuation in high-density concrete is simply scaled from that of normal density concrete. We found that neutron transmission through the high-density concretes can be estimated most reasonably and conservatively by using the linear tenth-value layer of normal concrete if specific values of the tenth-value layer of the high-density concrete are not known. The reason for this is that the neutron transmission depends primarily on the hydrogen content of the concrete, which does not significantly depend on concrete density. Errors of factors of two to more than ten, depending on barrier thickness, in the estimated transmission of neutrons through high-density concrete can be made if the attenuation is scaled by density from normal concrete.
Nelson, Walter R
Beam characterization at the Neutron Radiography Reactor
The quality of a neutron-imaging beam directly impacts the quality of radiographic images produced using that beam. Fully characterizing a neutron beam, including determination of the beam's effective length-to-diameter ratio, neutron flux profile, energy spectrum, potential image quality, and beam divergence, is vital for producing quality radiographic images. This paper provides a characterization of the east neutron imaging beamline at the Idaho National Laboratory Neutron Radiography Reactor (NRAD). The experiments which measured the beam's effective length-to-diameter ratio and potential image quality are based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. An analysis of the image produced by a calibrated phantom measured the beam divergence. The energy spectrum measurements consist of a series of foil irradiations using a selection of activation foils, compared to the results produced by a Monte Carlo n-Particle (MCNP) model of the beamline. The NRAD has an effective collimation ratio greater than 125, a beam divergence of 0.3 +_ 0.1 degrees, and a gold foil cadmium ratio of 2.7. The flux profile has been quantified and the facility is an ASTM Category 1 radiographic facility. Based on bare and cadmium covered foil activation results, the neutron energy spectrum used in the current MCNP model of the radiography beamline over-samples the thermal region of the neutron energy spectrum.
Sarah W. Morgan; Jeffrey C. King; Chad L. Pope
Neutron Physics at NIST 8th UCN Workshop
The Neutron Scattering Society of America www.neutronscattering.org Press Release, February 4, 2008 The Neutron Scattering Society of America is pleased to announce the 2008 recipients of its 3 major prizes. The Neutron Scattering Society of America (NSSA) established the Clifford G. Shull Prize in Neutron Science
Imaging Technique for a Neutron Based Elemental Analysis Interrogation System
: ┬Ę fundamental properties of the neutron, ┬Ę neutrino physics, ┬Ę physics of nuclear fission, ┬Ę neutron neutrons because it "sees" the reactor core. It will be used for nuclear physics. Investigation of PREACTOR PIK WHAT ARE NEUTRONS NEEDED FOR If you want to see an object, you have to illuminate it
Koltick, David
Characterization of the Neutron Fields in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Radiation Calibration Laboratory Low Scatter Calibration Facility
In June 2007, the Department of Energy (DOE) revised its rule on Occupational Radiation Protection, Part 10 CFR 835. A significant aspect of the revision was the adoption of the recommendations outlined in International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Report 60 (ICRP-60), including new radiation weighting factors for neutrons, updated internal dosimetric models, and dose terms consistent with the newer ICRP recommendations. ICRP-60 uses the quantities defined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) for personnel and area monitoring including the ambient dose equivalent H*(d). A Joint Task Group of ICRU and ICRP has developed various fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients which are published in ICRP-74 for both protection and operational quantities. In February 2008, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) replaced its old pneumatic transport neutron irradiation system in the Radiation Calibration Laboratory (RCL) Low Scatter Calibration Facility (B255, Room 183A) with a Hopewell Designs irradiator model N40. The exposure tube for the Hopewell system is located close to, but not in exactly the same position as the exposure tube for the pneumatic system. Additionally, the sources for the Hopewell system are stored in Room 183A where, prior to the change, they were stored in a separate room (Room 183C). The new source configuration and revision of the 10 CFR 835 radiation weighting factors necessitate a re-evaluation of the neutron dose rates in B255 Room 183A. This report deals only with the changes in the operational quantities ambient dose equivalent and ambient dose rate equivalent for neutrons as a result of the implementation of the revised 10 CFR 835. In the report, the terms 'neutron dose' and 'neutron dose rate' will be used for convenience for ambient neutron dose equivalent and ambient neutron dose rate equivalent unless otherwise stated.
Neutrinos from Decaying Muons, Pions, Kaons and Neutrons in Gamma Ray Bursts
In the internal shock model of gamma ray bursts ultrahigh energy muons, pions, neutrons and kaons are likely to be produced in the interactions of shock accelerated relativistic protons with low energy photons (KeV-MeV). These particles subsequently decay to high energy neutrinos/antineutrinos and other secondaries. In the high internal magnetic fields of gamma ray bursts, the ultrahigh energy charged particles ($\\mu^+$, $\\pi^+$, $K^+$) lose energy significantly due to synchrotron radiations before decaying into secondary high energy neutrinos and antineutrinos. The relativistic neutrons decay to high energy antineutrinos, protons and electrons. We have calculated the total neutrino flux (neutrino and antineutrino) considering the decay channels of ultrahigh energy muons, pions, neutrons and kaons. We have shown that the total neutrino flux generated in neutron decay can be higher than that produced in $\\mu^+$ and $\\pi^+$ decay. The charged kaons being heavier than pions, lose energy slowly and their secondary total neutrino flux is more than that from muons and pions at very high energy. Our detailed calculations on secondary particle production in $p\\gamma$ interactions give the total neutrino fluxes and their flavour ratios expected on earth. Depending on the values of the parameters (luminosity, Lorentz factor, variability time, spectral indices and break energy in the photon spectrum) of a gamma ray burst the contributions to the total neutrino flux from the decay of different particles (muon, pion, neutron and kaon) may vary and they would also be reflected on the neutrino flavour ratios.
Reetanjali Moharana; Nayantara Gupta
Materials Highlights | Neutron Science | ORNL
Materials Materials SHARE Materials Highlights 1-7 of 7 Results Neutron scattering characterizes dynamics in polymer family December 01, 2012 - Understanding the interplay between structure and dynamics is the key to obtaining tailor-made materials. In the last few years, a large effort has been devoted to characterizing and relating the structure and dynamic properties in families of polymers with alkyl side groups. Theory meets experiment: structure-property relationships in an electrode material for solid-oxide fuel cells December 01, 2012 - Fuel cell technology is one potentially very efficient and environmentally friendly way to convert the chemical energy of fuels into electricity. Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can convert a wide variety of fuels with simpler, cheaper designs than those used in
POWGEN Users | ORNL Neutron Sciences
User Information User Information Announcement: POWGEN has started a new partnership with beam line 11A at the Advanced Photon Source where users can get x-ray data if they have an approved POWGEN proposal. Become a POWGEN User POWGEN Experiment Guide: A - Z POWGEN Mail In Program Guide Shipping Addresses for Samples For more detailed information, please visit the ORNL User Facilities Sample Handling and Shipping page. Non-activated samples coming to SNS: Attention: Special requirements (like refrigeration) To: Neutron Sciences User Sample IPTS # XXXX Oak Ridge National Laboratory / SNS Site Chestnut Ridge, Bldg 8920 Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Activated samples (these will also be brought to SNS but must go through check-in procedures at another on-site location): Attention: Special requirements (like refrigeration)
Biotechnology & Energy Biotechnology & Energy Neutron Imaging Reveals Lithium Distribution in Lithium-Air Electrodes Published Work: "Anomalous Discharge Product Distribution in Lithium-Air Cathodes" Contact: Jagjit Nanda Theory meets experiment: structure-property relationships in an electrode material for solid-oxide fuel cells (2012) Published Work: "Unveiling structure-property relationships in Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-#, an electrode material for symmetric solid oxide fuel cells" Contact: Ana B. Munoz-Garcia ORNL researchers probe invisible vacancies in fuel cell materials (2012) Published Work: "Probing oxygen vacancy concentration and homogeneity in solid-oxide fuel-cell cathode materials on the subunit-cell level" Contact: Albina Borisevich Studying how a protein's dynamics can take down a killer
Coal Pores: Greenhouse Gases and Coal Pores: Greenhouse Gases and Methane Energy and Environmental Solutions Under Our Feet Mix of neutron scattering techniques helps resolve critical problems of confining greenhouse gases and extracting methane Research Contact: Yuri Melnichenko August 2011, Written by Agatha Bardoel Yuri Melnichenko at the GPSANS instrument GP-SANS instrument scientist Yuri Melnichenko (left) and postdoctoral associate Lilin He. When you heat water in a kettle, you can make tea or coffee. But what happens if the vessel is sealed? Ultimately, at a temperature called the liquid-gas critical point, the density of the liquid and the vapor become identical: There is no more water, there is no more gas. What you have is a supercritical fluid. The phenomenon of liquid-liquid and liquid-gas coexistence was a
Unconventional Superconductors Unconventional Superconductors Doug Scalapino discusses "common thread" linking unconventional superconducting materials Dec 2011, Written by Deborah Counce Douglas Scalapino Professor Emeritus Douglas Scalapino. Douglas Scalapino was the inaugural speaker for a new joint lecture series sponsored by the Spallation Neutron Source and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He is Research Professor of Physics at the University of California-Santa Barbara. A leading theorist in condensed matter physics, he has been a fellow of the American Physical Society and a member of the National Academy Sciences. He has been awarded the John Bardeen Prize for theoretical work in superconductivity and the Julius Lilienfeld Prize for outstanding
BASIS Equipment | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Equipment Equipment BASIS Schematic Schematic of the SNS Backscattering Spectrometer. Helium dewer cooling a sample Helium dewer cooling a sample (bird's eye view). The heart of the work in a typical experiment is setting up the sample in the desired environment. A typical neutron sample ranging from a millimeter to a few centimeters is placed in a specialized cylindrical can and sealed. For liquids, the backscattering instrument often uses an annular can, created by placing a smaller can within a larger can and inserting the liquid sample between the two cans. This picture shows a helium dewer cooling the environment encompassing the sample can, which has been lowered into the beam from the top of the scattering tank. Crystals Crystals. The backscattering spectrometer is defined by the reflection of specific
Scientific Labs | Neutron Science | ORNL
Scientific Labs Scientific Labs SHARE SNS Scientific Labs Meilleur-lab-students-300.jpg Students in the SNS chemistry lab practice pipetting water. A new complex of laboratories is now open at SNS, providing a flexible, mobile environment where users can work efficiently. The labs, on the second floor of the SNS Central Laboratory and Office Building, are built with "green" operations in mind, as well as to optimize the available space for researchers' ever-changing scientific needs. With overhead utilities and mobile furniture, the complex's 13 labs allow staff to easily reconfigure the layout of equipment and quickly change an experiment's setup as needed. "We surveyed more than 900 users on what they needed, and they gave us a wish list," says Chrissi Schnell, the Neutron Scattering Science Division
Home ŌĆ║ Research ŌĆ║ Highlights ŌĆ║ Biology & Medicine Home ŌĆ║ Research ŌĆ║ Highlights ŌĆ║ Biology & Medicine Research Highlights Biology & Medicine New technique for improving cancer detection Contact:Maria Cekanova Neutrons help shed light on critical protein activity that protects our DNA Published Work: "A new structural framework for integrating replication protein A into DNA processing machinery" Contact: Walter Chazin SNS researchers overcome the freezing sample problem in biostudies (2012) Published Work: "Water-protein dynamic coupling and new opportunities for probing it at low to physiological temperatures in aqueous solutions" Contact: Eugene Mamontov Studying how a protein's dynamics can take down a killer (2012) Contact: Melissa Sharp Martha "cow-laborates" to help unravel protein structure in milk
Variable control of neutron albedo in toroidal fusion devices
An arrangement is provided for controlling neutron albedo in toroidal fusion devices having inboard and outboard vacuum vessel walls for containment of the neutrons of a fusion plasma. Neutron albedo material is disposed immediately adjacent the inboard wall, and is movable, preferably in vertical directions, so as to be brought into and out of neutron modifying communication with the fusion neutrons. Neutron albedo material preferably comprises a liquid form, but may also take pebble, stringer and curtain-like forms. A neutron flux valve, rotatable about a vertical axis is also disclosed.
Jassby, Daniel L. (Princeton, NJ); Micklich, Bradley J. (Princeton, NJ)
We study dynamical capture binary neutron star mergers as may arise in dense stellar regions such as globular clusters. Using general-relativistic hydrodynamics, we find that these mergers can result in the prompt collapse to a black hole or in the formation of a hypermassive neutron star, depending not only on the neutron star equation of state but also on impact parameter. We also find that these mergers can produce accretion disks of up to a tenth of a solar mass and unbound ejected material of up to a few percent of a solar mass. We comment on the gravitational radiation and electromagnetic transients that these sources may produce.
East, William E.; Pretorius, Frans [Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States)
Neutron Instruments Added at Oak Ridge
The neutron scattering facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory continue their development as new instruments are commissioned and join the user program at the Spallation Neutron Source and High Flux Isotope Reactor. More than 640 proposals were received for beam time during the January-May 2011 period on SNS and HFIR instruments with about half either being accepted or identified as alternates. The proposal call for the period June-December 2011, announced at http://neutrons.ornl.gov, will close February 23, 2011.
CRC handbook of fast neutron generators
This handbook reviews those problems and methods of science and technology where the neutrons produced in the /sup 3/H/d, n//sup 4/He and /sup 2/H/d, N//sup 3/He reactions play the main role. It also discusses possible applications of these small generators as thermal neutron sources, addresses the small accelerators as charged particle and X-ray sources, enables suitable topics to be selected for education and training and provides a wide range of experiments with the detection of neutrons and charged particles, including the study of shielding and the generator technology itself.
Csikai, G.J.
Self-regulating neutron coincidence counter
A device for accurately measuring the mass of /sup 240/Pu and /sup 239/Pu in a sample having arbitrary moderation and mixed with various contaminants. The device utilizes a thermal neutron well counter which has two concentric rings of neutron detectors separated by a moderating material surrounding the well. Neutron spectroscopic information derived by the two rings of detectors is used to measure the quantity of /sup 239/Pu and /sup 240/Pu in device which corrects for background radiation, deadtime losses of the detector and electronics and various other constants of the system.
Baron, N.
Fission barriers in neutron-proton isospin plane for heavy neutron-rich nuclei
We discuss the sensitivity of fission barrier for heavy neutron-rich nuclei to fission paths in the two dimensional neutron-proton quadrupole plane. To this end, we use the constrained Skyrme-Hartree-Fock + BCS method, and examine the difference of fission barriers obtained with three constraining operators, that is, the neutron, proton, and mass quadrupole operators. We investigate $^{220}$U, $^{236}$U, and $^{266}$U, %from proton-rich to neutron-rich uranium isotopes, that is relevant to r-process nucleosynthesis. We find that the fission barrier heights are almost the same among the three constraining operators even for neutron-rich nuclei, indicating that the usual way to calculate fission barriers with the mass quadrupole operator is well justified. We also discuss the difference between proton and neutron deformation parameters along the fission paths.
F. Minato; K. Hagino
Neutronic Design Calculations on Moderators for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) to be built at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory will provide an intense source of neutrons for a large variety of experiments. It consists of a high-energy (1-GeV) and high-power ({approximately}1-MW) proton accelerator, an accumulator ring, together with a target station and an experimental area. In the target itself, the proton beam will produce neutrons via the spallation process and these will be converted to low-energy (<2-eV) neutrons in moderators located close to the target. Current plans are to have two liquid-hydrogen (20-K) moderators and two room-temperature H{sub 2}O moderators. Extensive engineering design work has been conducted on the moderator vessels. For our studies we have produced realistic neutronic representations of these moderators. We report on neutronic studies conducted on these representations of the moderators using Monte Carlo simulation techniques.
Murphy, D.B.
┬Ł2821/2000/62#9#/092005#6#/$15.00 ┬®2000 The American Physical Society 62 092005┬Ł1 #12; II. EXPERIMENT The measurement of the neutron and the single┬Łneutron event is shown in the top panel of Fig. F. BOEHM et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW D 62 092005 092005 and # 2 are displayed. NEUTRON PRODUCTION BY COSMIC┬ŁRAY MUONS AT . . . PHYSICAL REVIEW D 62 092005 092005
Taskaev, Sergey Yur'evich
Neutron Transfer Reactions: Surrogates for Neutron Capture for Basic and Applied Nuclear Science
Neutron capture reactions on unstable nuclei are important for both basic and applied nuclear science. A program has been developed at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to study single-neutron transfer (d,p) reactions with rare isotope beams to provide information on neutron-induced reactions on unstable nuclei. Results from (d,p) studies on {sup 130,132}Sn, {sup 134}Te and {sup 75}As are discussed.
Cizewski, J. A.; Peters, W. A.; Allen, J.; Hatarik, R.; Matthews, C.; O'Malley, P. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 (United States); Jones, K. L. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 (United States); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Kozub, R. L.; Howard, J.; Patterson, N.; Paulauskas, S. V.; Rogers, J.; Sissom, D. J. [Department of Physics, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505 (United States); Pain, S. D. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 (United States); Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Adekola, A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45703 (United States); Bardayan, D. W.; Blackmon, J. C.; Liang, F.; Nesaraja, C. D.; Pittman, S. T. [Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States)] (and others)
Subcritical Neutron Multiplication Measurements of HEU Using Delayed Neutrons as the Driving Source
A new method for the determination of the multiplication of highly enriched uranium systems is presented. The method uses delayed neutrons to drive the HEU system. These delayed neutrons are from fission events induced by a pulsed 14-MeV neutron source. Between pulses, neutrons are detected within a medium efficiency neutron detector using {sup 3}He ionization tubes within polyethylene enclosures. The neutron detection times are recorded relative to the initiation of the 14-MeV neutron pulse, and subsequently analyzed with the Feynman reduced variance method to extract singles, doubles and triples neutron counting rates. Measurements have been made on a set of nested hollow spheres of 93% enriched uranium, with mass values from 3.86 kg to 21.48 kg. The singles, doubles and triples counting rates for each uranium system are compared to calculations from point kinetics models of neutron multiplicity to assign multiplication values. These multiplication values are compared to those from MC NP K-Code calculations.
Hollas, C.L.; Goulding, C.A.; Myers, W.L.
Optimization of an accelerator-based epithermal neutron source for neutron capture therapy
Nowadays at several nuclear reactors were created BNCTand intensity. Nuclear reactors as neutron source forsource based on a nuclear reactor [4]. The comparison shows
Kononov, O.E.; Kononov, V.N.; Bokhovko, M.V.; Korobeynikov, V.V.; Soloviev, A.N.; Chu, W.T.
Tritium generation and neutron measurements in Pd-Si under high deuterium gas pressure
This paper summarizes some of the methods applicable for low level tritium detection needed in the search for anomalous fusion in metal hydrides. It is also intended to further detail our tritium and neutron results that have been obtained with the Pd-Si-D system, originally presented at earlier workshops. A measure of reproducibility that was not evident in our previous work has been achieved partially due to the better detection sensitivity afforded by the use of low tritium deuterium and partially from the fact that the foil-wafer cells can be made with nearly identical electrical characteristics. This reproducibility has allowed us to narrow the optimum conditions for the experiment. While this experiment is rather different from the standard'' electrolytic cell or the Ti gas hydride experiment, similarities exist in that non equilibrium conditions are sought and the tritium generation levels are low and neutron emission is extremely weak. In contrast to many electrochemical cell experiments, the system used in these experiments is completely sealed during operation and uses no electrolyte. The major improvements to the experiment have been the use of vary low tritium deuterium for the hydriding and the replacement of the aluminum neutron counter tubes with ones of stainless steel. These changes have resulted in pronounced improvements to the detection systems since the background tritium level in the gas has been reduced by a factor of 300 and the neutron background has been decreased by a factor of 14. 16 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Claytor, T.N.; Tuggle, D.G.; Menlove, H.O.
Biology and Soft Matter | Neutron Sciences | ORNL
Biology and Soft Matter Biology and Soft Matter SHARE Biology and Soft Matter This is a time of unprecedented opportunity for using neutrons in biological and soft matter research. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has invested in two forefront neutron user facilities, the accelerator-based Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and the reactor-based High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Researchers have access to new instrumentation on some of the world's most intense neutron beam lines for studying the structure, function, and dynamics of complex systems. We anticipate that soft matter and biological sciences of tomorrow will require understanding, predicting, and manipulating complex systems to produce the new materials and products required to meet our nation's
VULCAN Research Highlights | ORNL Neutron Sciences
VULCAN Far beyond cookware: Corning Inc. uses Spallation Neutron Source's VULCAN to test limits of ceramic material for car emission controls, filtration devices ORNL team wins R&D...
International workshop on cold neutron sources
The first meeting devoted to cold neutron sources was held at the Los Alamos National Laboratory on March 5--8, 1990. Cosponsored by Los Alamos and Oak Ridge National Laboratories, the meeting was organized as an International Workshop on Cold Neutron Sources and brought together experts in the field of cold-neutron-source design for reactors and spallation sources. Eighty-four people from seven countries attended. Because the meeting was the first of its kind in over forty years, much time was spent acquainting participants with past and planned activities at reactor and spallation facilities worldwide. As a result, the meeting had more of a conference flavor than one of a workshop. The general topics covered at the workshop included: Criteria for cold source design; neutronic predictions and performance; energy deposition and removal; engineering design, fabrication, and operation; material properties; radiation damage; instrumentation; safety; existing cold sources; and future cold sources.
Russell, G.J.; West, C.D. (comps.) (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)) [comps.; Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
Determining Yankee Nuclear Power Station neutron activation
The Yankee nuclear power station located in Rowe, Massachusetts, permanently ceased power operations on February 26, 1992, after 31 yr of operation. Yankee has since initiated decommissioning planning activities. A significant component of these activities is a determination of the extent of radiological contamination of the Yankee site. Included in this effort was determination of the extent of neutron activation of plant components. This paper describes the determination of the neutron activation of the Yankee reactor vessel, associated internals, and surrounding structures. The Yankee reactor vessel is a 600-MW(thermal) stainless steel-lined, carbon steel vessel with stainless steel internal components designed by Westinghouse. The reactor vessel is surrounded and supported by a carbon steel neutron shield tank that was filled with chromated water during plant operation. A 5-ft-thick concrete biological shield wall surrounds the neutron shield tank. A project is under way to remove the reactor vessel internals from the reactor vessel.
Heider, K.J.; Morrissey, K.J. (Yankee Atomic Electric Co., Bolton, MA (United States))
Determination of thermal neutron capture gamma yields.
A method of analysing Ge(Li) thermal neutron capture gamma spectra to obtain total gamma yields has been developed. Tie method determines both the yields from the well resolved gamma peaks in a spectrum as well as the gamma ...
Harper, Thomas Lawrence
Neutron-driven gamma-ray laser
A lasing cylinder emits laser radiation at a gamma-ray wavelength of 0.87 {angstrom} when subjected to an intense neutron flux of about 400 eV neutrons. A 250 {angstrom} thick layer of Be is provided between two layers of 100 {angstrom} thick layer of {sup 57}Co and these layers are supported on a foil substrate. The coated foil is coiled to form the lasing cylinder. Under the neutron flux {sup 57}Co becomes {sup 58}Co by neutron absorption. The {sup 58}Co then decays to {sup 57}Fe by 1.6 MeV proton emission. {sup 57}Fe then transitions by mesne decay to a population inversion for lasing action at 14.4 keV. Recoil from the proton emission separates the {sup 57}Fe from the {sup 57}Co and into the Be, where Mossbauer emission occurs at a gamma-ray wavelength.
Bowman, C.D.
Aspects of a high intensity neutron source
A unique methodology for creating a neutron source model was developed for deuterons and protons incident on solid phase beryllium and lithium targets. This model was then validated against experimental results already ...
Chapman, Peter H. (Peter Henry)
Coherent control of polarized neutron interferometry
In this thesis, we describe two sets of experiments using a single crystal neutron interferometer. First, we explore applications of quantum information processing (QIP) to magnetic materials characterization using polarized ...
Abutaleb, Mohamed Osama
Simulated liquid argon interactions with neutrons
The GEANT4 physics simulation program is known to have errors in how hadronic interactions are implemented. This has the potential to cause errors in the Monte Carlos used to determine the expected neutron backgrounds in ...
Harrington, Kathleen M
Neutron Beta Decay Studies with Nab
Precision measurements in neutron beta decay serve to determine the coupling constants of beta decay and allow for several stringent tests of the standard model. This paper discusses the design and the expected performance of the Nab spectrometer.
Bae▀ler, S; Alonzi, L P; Balascuta, S; Barr¾n-Palos, L; Bowman, J D; Bychkov, M A; Byrne, J; Calarco, J R; Chupp, T; Vianciolo, T V; Crawford, C; Frle×, E; Gericke, M T; Gl³ck, F; Greene, G L; Grzywacz, R K; Gudkov, V; Harrison, D; Hersman, F W; Ito, T; Makela, M; Martin, J; McGaughey, P L; McGovern, S; Page, S; Penttilõ, S I; Po?ani?, D; Rykaczewski, K P; Salas-Bacci, A; Tompkins, Z; Wagner, D; Wilburn, W S; Young, A R
S. Bae▀ler; R. Alarcon; L. P. Alonzi; S. Balascuta; L. Barr¾n-Palos; J. D. Bowman; M. A. Bychkov; J. Byrne; J. R. Calarco; T. Chupp; T. V. Vianciolo; C. Crawford; E. Frle×; M. T. Gericke; F. Gl³ck; G. L. Greene; R. K. Grzywacz; V. Gudkov; D. Harrison; F. W. Hersman; T. Ito; M. Makela; J. Martin; P. L. McGaughey; S. McGovern; S. Page; S. I. Penttilõ; D. Po?ani?; K. P. Rykaczewski; A. Salas-Bacci; Z. Tompkins; D. Wagner; W. S. Wilburn; A. R. Young
Videos & Tutorials - Science | ORNL Neutron Sciences
and 2010 National School on Neutron & X-Ray Scattering. This annual school is hosted by ORNL and Argonne National Laboratory. Some of this material is protected by copyright....
Computer simulation of neutron capture therapy.
Analytical methods are developed to simulate on a large digital computer the production and use of reactor neutron beams f or boron capture therapy of brain tumors. The simulation accounts for radiation dose distributions ...
Olson, Arne Peter
Dr. Yuri B. Melnichenko | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Scientist: General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Spectrometer (CG-2GP-SANS), HFIR Senior Research Staff Education PhD in Polymer Physics, Institute for Macromolecular...
Research Reactors Division | ORNL Neutron Sciences
Reactors Division (RRD) is responsible for operation of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Operating at 85 MW, HFIR is the highest flux reactor-based source of neutrons for...
Radioactive Nickel-63 - ORNL Neutron Sciences
to it, Bilheux and her colleagues have been using one of the cold neutron beam lines at HFIR for imaging work. "These are not imaging beam lines," says Bilheux. "But we have been...
Research Reactors Division | Neutron Science | ORNL
is responsible for operation of the High Flux Isotope Reactor. Operating at 85 MW, HFIR is the highest flux reactor-based source of neutrons for research in the United States,...
Data Analysis & Visualization Division | Neutron Science | ORNL
SHUG Chairman's Message | ORNL Neutron Sciences Users
shall be the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) User Group, "SHUG." II. PURPOSE The purpose of the SHUG is to: Provide a formal and...
Low energy neutron-proton interactions
There have been few measurements of cross sections for neutron-proton scattering and radiative capture below 1 MeV. Those measurements which do exist are at a small number of energies and are often inconsistent with ...
Daub, Brian (Brian Hollenberg)
Characterization of a ballistic supermirror neutron guide
We describe the beam characteristics of the first ballistic supermirror neutron guide H113 that feeds the neutron user facility for particle physics PF1B of the Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble (ILL). At present, the neutron capture flux density of H113 at its 20x6cm2 exit window is 1.35x10^10/cm^2/s, and will soon be raised to above 2x10^10/cm^2/s. Beam divergence is no larger than beam divergence from a conventional Ni coated guide. A model is developed that permits rapid calculation of beam profiles and absolute event rates from such a beam. We propose a procedure that permits inter-comparability of the main features of beams emitted from ballistic or conventional neutron guides.
H. Abele; D. Dubbers; H. Haese; M. Klein; A. Knoepfler; M. Kreuz; T. Lauer; B. Maerkisch; D. Mund; V. Nesvizhevsky; A. Petoukhov; C. Schmidt; M. Schumann; T. Soldner
A lasing cylinder emits laser radiation at a gamma-ray wavelength of 0.87 .ANG. when subjected to an intense neutron flux of about 400 eV neutrons. A 250 .ANG. thick layer of Be is provided between two layers of 100 .ANG. thick layer of .sup.57 Co and these layers are supported on a foil substrate. The coated foil is coiled to form the lasing cylinder. Under the neutron flux .sup.57 Co becomes .sup.58 Co by neutron absorption. The .sup.58 Co then decays to .sup.57 Fe by 1.6 MeV proton emission. .sup.57 Fe then transitions by mesne decay to a population inversion for lasing action at 14.4 keV. Recoil from the proton emission separates the .sup.57 Fe from the .sup.57 Co and into the Be, where Mossbauer emission occurs at a gamma-ray wavelength.
Bowman, Charles D. (Los Alamos, NM)
Neutron absorbing coating for nuclear criticality control
A neutron absorbing coating for use on a substrate, and which provides nuclear criticality control is described and which includes a nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and gadolinium alloy having less than about 5% boron, by weight.
Mizia, Ronald E. (Idaho Falls, ID); Wright, Richard N. (Idaho Falls, ID); Swank, William D. (Idaho Falls, ID); Lister, Tedd E. (Idaho Falls, ID); Pinhero, Patrick J. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) Project progress report
This report discusses the following topics on the advanced neutron source: quality assurance (QA) program; reactor core development; fuel element specification; corrosion loop tests and analyses; thermal-hydraulic loop tests; reactor control concepts; critical and subcritical experiments; material data, structural tests, and analysis; cold source development; beam tube, guide, and instrument development; hot source development; neutron transport and shielding; I C research and development; facility concepts; design; and safety.
McBee, M.R.; Chance, C.M. (eds.) (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Selby, D.L.; Harrington, R.M.; Peretz, F.J. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA))
Time reversal invariance in polarized neutron decay
An experiment to measure the time reversal invariance violating (T-violating) triple correlation (D) in the decay of free polarized neutrons has been developed. The detector design incorporates a detector geometry that provides a significant improvement in the sensitivity over that used in the most sensitive of previous experiments. A prototype detector was tested in measurements with a cold neutron beam. Data resulting from the tests are presented. A detailed calculation of systematic effects has been performed and new diagnostic techniques that allow these effects to be measured have been developed. As the result of this work, a new experiment is under way that will improve the sensitivity to D to 3 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} or better. With higher neutron flux a statistical sensitivity of the order 3 {times} 10{sup {minus}5} is ultimately expected. The decay of free polarized neutrons (n {yields} p + e + {bar v}{sub e}) is used to search for T-violation by measuring the triple correlation of the neutron spin polarization, and the electron and proton momenta ({sigma}{sub n} {center_dot} p{sub p} {times} p{sub e}). This correlation changes sign under reversal of the motion. Since final state effects in neutron decay are small, a nonzero coefficient, D, of this correlation indicates the violation of time reversal invariance. D is measured by comparing the numbers of coincidences in electron and proton detectors arranged symmetrically about a longitudinally polarized neutron beam. Particular care must be taken to eliminate residual asymmetries in the detectors or beam as these can lead to significant false effects. The Standard Model predicts negligible T-violating effects in neutron decay. Extensions to the Standard Model include new interactions some of which include CP-violating components. Some of these make first order contributions to D.
Wasserman, E.G.
Neutron cross sections: Book of curves
Neuton Cross Sections: Book of Curves represents the fourth edition of what was previously known as BNL-325, Neutron Cross Sections, Volume 2, CURVES. Data is presented only for (i.e., intergrated) reaction cross sections (and related fission parameters) as a function of incident-neutron energy for the energy range 0.01 eV to 200 MeV. For the first time, isometric state production cross sections have been included. 11 refs., 4 figs.
McLane, V.; Dunford, C.L.; Rose, P.F.
Neutrons and Granite: Transport and Activation
In typical ground materials, both energy deposition and radionuclide production by energetic neutrons vary with the incident particle energy in a non-monotonic way. We describe the overall balance of nuclear reactions involving neutrons impinging on granite to demonstrate these energy-dependencies. While granite is a useful surrogate for a broad range of soil and rock types, the incorporation of small amounts of water (hydrogen) does alter the balance of nuclear reactions.
Bedrossian, P J
Neutron Science TeraGrid Gateway
The unique contributions of the Neutron Science TeraGrid Gateway (NSTG) are the connection of national user facility instrument data sources to the integrated cyberinfrastructure of the National Science FoundationTeraGrid and the development of a neutron science gateway that allows neutron scientists to use TeraGrid resources to analyze their data, including comparison of experiment with simulation. The NSTG is working in close collaboration with the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge as their principal facility partner. The SNS is a next-generation neutron source. It has completed construction at a cost of $1.4 billion and is ramping up operations. The SNS will provide an order of magnitude greater flux than any previous facility in the world and will be available to all of the nation's scientists, independent of funding source, on a peer-reviewed merit basis. With this new capability, the neutron science community is facing orders of magnitude larger data sets and is at a critical point for data analysis and simulation. There is a recognized need for new ways to manage and analyze data to optimize both beam time and scientific output. The TeraGrid is providing new capabilities in the gateway for simulations using McStas and a fitting service on distributed TeraGrid resources to improved turnaround. NSTG staff are also exploring replicating experimental data in archival storage. As part of the SNS partnership, the NSTG provides access to gateway support, cyberinfrastructure outreach, community development, and user support for the neutron science community. This community includes not only SNS staff and users but extends to all the major worldwide neutron scattering centers.
Lynch, Vickie E [ORNL; Chen, Meili [ORNL; Cobb, John W [ORNL; Kohl, James Arthur [ORNL; Miller, Stephen D [ORNL; Speirs, David A [ORNL; Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S [ORNL
Deterministic Multigroup Modeling of Thermal Effect on Neutron Scattering by Heavy Nuclides.
??The principal physical phenomenon underlying the computation of neutron spectra is the nuclear reaction in which neutrons lose or gain energy, i.e., the neutron scatteringģ (more)
Ghrayeb, Shadi
O1: Advanced Neutron Monte-Carlo Ray-Tracing Simulations Using ...
Symposium, O. Advanced Neutron and Synchrotron Studies of Materials .... Status of China Spallation Neutron Source and Perspectives of Neutron Research inĀ...
Delayed neutrons from the neutron irradiation of ▓│?U
A series of experiments was performed with the Texas A&M University Nuclear Science Center Reactor (NSCR) to verify ▓│?U delayed neutron emission rates. A custom device was created to accurately measure a sample's pneumatic flight time and the Nuclear Science Center's (NSC's) pneumatic transfer system (PTS) was redesigned to reduce a sample's pneumatic flight time from over 1,600 milliseconds to less than 450 milliseconds. Four saturation irradiations were performed at reactor powers of 100 and 200 kW for 300 seconds and one burst irradiation was performed using a $1.61 pulse producing 19.11 MW-s of energy. Experimental results agreed extremely well with those of Keepin. By comparing the first ten seconds of collected data, the first saturation irradiation deviated ~1.869% with a dead time of 2 microseconds, while the burst irradiation deviated ~0.303% with a dead time of 5 microseconds. Saturation irradiations one, three and four were normalized to the initial count rate of saturation irradiation two to determine the system reproducibility, and deviated ~0.449%, ~0.343% and ~0.389%, respectively.
Heinrich, Aaron David
Single event phenomena in atmospheric neutron environments
As integrated circuit technology achieves higher density through smaller feature sizes and as the airplane manufacturing industry integrates more sophisticated electronic components into the design of new aircraft, it has become increasingly important to evaluate the contribution of single event effects, primarily Single Event Upset (SEU), to the safety and reliability of commercial aircraft. In contrast to the effects of radiation on electronic systems in space applications for which protons and heavy ions are of major concern, in commercial aircraft applications the interactions of high energy neutrons are the dominant cause of single event effects. These high energy neutrons are produced by the interaction of solar and galactic cosmic rays, principally protons and heavy ions, in the upper atmosphere. This paper will describe direct experimental measurements of neutron-induced Single Event Effect (SEE) rates in commercial high density static random access memories in a neutron environment characteristic of that at commercial airplane altitudes. The first experimental measurements testing current models for neutron-silicon burst generation rates will be presented, as well as measurements of charge collection in silicon test structures as a function of neutron energy. These are the first laboratory SEE and charge collection measurements using a particle beam having a continuum energy spectrum and with a shape nearly identical to that observed during flight.
Gossett, C.A.; Hughlock, B.W.; Katoozi, M.; LaRue, G.S. (Boeing Defense and Space Group, Seattle, WA (United States)); Wender, S.A. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States))
Superfluidity of $?$ hyperons in neutron stars
We study the $^1S_0$ superfluidity of $\\Lambda$ hyperons in neutron star matter and neutron stars. We use the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory to calculate the properties of neutron star matter. In the RMF approach, the meson-hyperon couplings are constrained by reasonable hyperon potentials that include the updated information from recent developments in hypernuclear physics. To examine the $^1S_0$ pairing gap of $\\Lambda$ hyperons, we employ several $\\Lambda\\Lambda$ interactions based on the Nijmegen models and used in double-$\\Lambda$ hypernuclei studies. It is found that the maximal pairing gap obtained is a few tenths of a MeV. The magnitude and the density region of the pairing gap are dependent on the $\\Lambda\\Lambda$ interaction and the treatment of neutron star matter. We calculate neutron star properties and find that whether the $^1S_0 $ superfluidity of $\\Lambda$ hyperons exists in the core of neutron stars mainly depends on the $\\Lambda\\Lambda$ interaction used.
Y. N. Wang; H. Shen
Time-of-Flight Bragg Scattering from Aligned Stacks of Lipid Bilayers using the Liquids Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source
Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction experiments on aligned stacks of lipid bilayers using the horizontal Liquids Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source are reported. Specific details are given regarding the instrumental setup, data collection and reduction, phase determination of the structure factors, and reconstruction of the one-dimensional neutron scattering length density (NSLD) profile. The validity of using TOF measurements to determine the one-dimensional NSLD profile is demonstrated by reproducing the results of two well known lipid bilayer structures. The method is then applied to show how an antimicrobial peptide affects membranes with and without cholesterol.
Pan, Jianjun [ORNL; Heberle, Frederick A [ORNL; Carmichael, Justin R [ORNL; Ankner, John Francis [ORNL; Katsaras, John [ORNL
In a concerted effort supported by the National Science Foundation, the Department of Commerce, and the Department of Energy, the United States is rebuilding its leadership in neutron scattering capability through a significant investment in U.S. neutron scattering user facilities and related instrumentation. These unique facilities provide opportunities in neutron scattering to a broad community of researchers from academic institutions, federal laboratories, and industry. However, neutron scattering is often considered to be a tool for 'experts only' and in order for the U.S. research community to take full advantage of these new and powerful tools, a comprehensive education and outreach program must be developed. The workshop described below is the first step in developing a national program that takes full advantage of modern education methods and leverages the existing educational capacity at universities and national facilities. During March 27-28, 2008, a workshop entitled 'Building a Network for Neutron Scattering Education' was held in Washington, D.C. The goal of the workshop was to define and design a roadmap for a comprehensive neutron scattering education program in the United States. Successful implementation of the roadmap will maximize the national intellectual capital in neutron sciences and will increase the sophistication of research questions addressed by neutron scattering at the nation's forefront facilities. (See Appendix A for the list of attendees, Appendix B for the workshop agenda, Appendix C for a list of references. Appendix D contains the results of a survey given at the workshop; Appendix E contains summaries of the contributed talks.) The workshop brought together U.S. academicians, representatives from neutron sources, scientists who have developed nontraditional educational programs, educational specialists, and managers from government agencies to create a national structure for providing ongoing neutron scattering education. A concerted effort was made to involve representatives from historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and minority educational institutions (MEIs). The roadmap contained herein provides the path to a national infrastructure for education of students, faculty, and professional researchers who wish to make use of national neutron scattering facilities but do not have (or do not believe they have) the educational background to do so. Education of other stakeholders, including the public, students in kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12), and policy makers is also included. The opening sessions of the workshop provided the current status of neutron scattering education in North America, Europe, and Australia. National neutron sources have individually developed outreach and advertising programs aimed at increasing awareness among researchers of the potential applications of neutron scattering. However, because their principal mission is to carry out scientific research, their outreach efforts are necessarily self-limiting. The opening session was designed to build awareness that the individual programs need to be coupled with, and integrated into, a broader education program that addresses the complete range of experience, from the student to the experienced researcher, and the wide range of scientific disciplines covered by neutron scattering. Such a program must also take full advantage of existing educational programs and expertise at universities and expand them using modern distance learning capabilities, recognizing that the landscape of education is changing.
Pynn, Roger [ORNL; Baker, Shenda Mary [ORNL; Louca, Despo A [ORNL; McGreevy, Robert L [ORNL; Ekkebus, Allen E [ORNL; Kszos, Lynn A [ORNL; Anderson, Ian S [ORNL
Accelerator-based neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and method
A source for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) comprises a body of photoneutron emitter that includes heavy water and is closely surrounded in heat-imparting relationship by target material; one or more electron linear accelerators for supplying electron radiation having energy of substantially 2 to 10 MeV and for impinging such radiation on the target material, whereby photoneutrons are produced and heat is absorbed from the target material by the body of photoneutron emitter. The heavy water is circulated through a cooling arrangement to remove heat. A tank, desirably cylindrical or spherical, contains the heavy water, and a desired number of the electron accelerators circumferentially surround the tank and the target material as preferably made up of thin plates of metallic tungsten. Neutrons generated within the tank are passed through a surrounding region containing neutron filtering and moderating materials and through neutron delimiting structure to produce a beam or beams of epithermal neutrons normally having a minimum flux intensity level of 1.0.times.10.sup.9 neutrons per square centimeter per second. Such beam or beams of epithermal neutrons are passed through gamma ray attenuating material to provide the required epithermal neutrons for BNCT use.
Yoon, Woo Y. (Idaho Falls, ID); Jones, James L. (Idaho Falls, ID); Nigg, David W. (Idaho Falls, ID); Harker, Yale D. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Materials Selection for the HFIR Cold Neutron Source
In year 2002 the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) will be fitted with a source of cold neutrons to upgrade and expand its existing neutron scattering facilities. The in-reactor components of the new source consist of a moderator vessel containing supercritical hydrogen gas moderator at a temperature of 20K and pressure of 15 bar, and a surrounding vacuum vessel. They will be installed in an enlarged beam tube located at the site of the present horizontal beam tube, HB-4; which terminates within the reactor's beryllium reflector. These components must withstand exceptional service conditions. This report describes the reasons and factors underlying the choice of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy for construction of the in-reactor components. The overwhelming considerations are the need to minimize generation of nuclear heat and to remove that heat through the flowing moderator, and to achieve a minimum service life of about 8 years coincident with the replacement schedule for the beryllium reflector. 6061-T6 aluminum alloy offers the best combination of low nuclear heating, high thermal conductivity, good fabricability, compatibility with hydrogen, superior cryogenic properties, and a well-established history of satisfactory performance in nuclear environments. These features are documented herein. An assessment is given of the expected performance of each component of the cold source.
Farrell, K.
YALINA-booster subcritical assembly pulsed-neutron experiments : data processing and spatial corrections.
The YALINA-Booster experiments and analyses are part of the collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory of USA and the Joint Institute for Power & Nuclear Research - SOSNY of Belarus for studying the physics of accelerator driven systems for nuclear energy applications using low enriched uranium. The YALINA-Booster subcritical assembly is utilized for studying the kinetics of accelerator driven systems with its highly intensive D-T or D-D pulsed neutron source. In particular, the pulsed neutron methods are used to determine the reactivity of the subcritical system. This report examines the pulsed-neutron experiments performed in the YALINA-Booster facility with different configurations for the subcritical assembly. The 1141 configuration with 90% U-235 fuel and the 1185 configuration with 36% or 21% U-235 fuel are examined. The Sjoestrand area-ratio method is utilized to determine the reactivities of the different configurations. The linear regression method is applied to obtain the prompt neutron decay constants from the pulsed-neutron experimental data. The reactivity values obtained from the experimental data are shown to be dependent on the detector locations inside the subcritical assembly and the types of detector used for the measurements. In this report, Bell's spatial correction factors are calculated based on a Monte Carlo model to remove the detector dependences. The large differences between the reactivity values given by the detectors in the fast neutron zone of the YALINA-Booster are reduced after applying the spatial corrections. In addition, the estimated reactivity values after the spatial corrections are much less spatially dependent.
Cao, Y.; Gohar, Y.; Nuclear Engineering Division
Two-neutron knockout from neutron-deficient $^{34}$Ar, $^{30}$S, and $^{26}$Si
Two-neutron knockout reactions from nuclei in the proximity of the proton dripline have been studied using intermediate-energy beams of neutron-deficient $^{34}$Ar, $^{30}$S, and $^{26}$Si. The inclusive cross sections, and also the partial cross sections for the population of individual bound final states of the $^{32}$Ar, $^{28}$S and $^{24}$Si knockout residues, have been determined using the combination of particle and $\\gamma$-ray spectroscopy. Similar to the two-proton knockout mechanism on the neutron-rich side of the nuclear chart, these two-neutron removal reactions from already neutron-deficient nuclei are also shown to be consistent with a direct reaction mechanism.
Yoneda, K; Brown, B A; Campbell, C M; Cook, J M; Cottle, P D; Davies, A D; Dinca, D C; Gade, A; Glasmacher, T; Hansen, P G; Hoagland, T; Kemper, K W; Lecouey, J L; M³ller, W F; Obertelli, A; Reynolds, R R; Terry, J R; Tostevin, J A; Zwahlen, H
Neutron Scattering Experiment Automation with Python
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory currently holds the Guinness World Record as the world most powerful pulsed spallation neutron source. Neutrons scattered off atomic nuclei in a sample yield important information about the position, motions, and magnetic properties of atoms in materials. A neutron scattering experiment usually involves sample environment control (temperature, pressure, etc.), mechanical alignment (slits, sample and detector position), magnetic field controllers, neutron velocity selection (choppers) and neutron detectors. The SNS Data Acquisition System (DAS) consists of real-time sub-system (detector read-out with custom electronics, chopper interface), data preprocessing (soft real-time) and a cluster of control and ancillary PCs. The real-time system runs FPGA firmware and programs running on PCs (C++, LabView) typically perform one task such as motor control and communicate via TCP/IP networks. PyDas is a set of Python modules that are used to integrate various components of the SNS DAS system. It enables customized automation of neutron scattering experiments in a rapid and flexible manner. It provides wxPython GUIs for routine experiments as well as IPython command line scripting. Matplotlib and numpy are used for data presentation and simple analysis. We will present an overview of SNS Data Acquisition System and PyDas architectures and implementation along with the examples of use. We will also discuss plans for future development as well as the challenges that have to be met while maintaining PyDas for 20+ different scientific instruments.
Zolnierczuk, Piotr A [ORNL; Riedel, Richard A [ORNL
A Novel Detector for High Neutron Flux Measurements
Measuring alpha particles from a neutron induced break-up reaction with a mass spectrometer can be an excellent tool for detecting neutrons in a high neutron flux environment. Break-up reactions of {sup 6}Li and {sup 12}C can be used in the detection of slow and fast neutrons, respectively. A high neutron flux detection system that integrates the