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Mises Daily
Trade and the Rise of Freedom
[This speech was delivered at the Mises Institute's conference on "The History of Liberty."]
It is not an exaggeration to say that trade is the keystone of modern
civilization. For as Murray
Rothbard wrote: "The market economy is one vast latticework throughout the world, in which
individual, each region, each country, produces what he or it is best at, most relatively efficient
in, and
exchanges that product for the goods and services of others. Without the division of labor and
the trade
based upon that division, the entire world would starve. Coerced restraints on trade -- such as
protectionism -- cripple, hobble, and destroy trade, the source of life and
Human beings cannot truly be free unless there is a high degree of economic freedom --
freedom to collaborate and coordinate plans with other people from literally all around the world.
That is
the point of Leonard Read's famous article, "I Pencil," which describes how to produce an item as
mundane as an ordinary pencil requires the cooperation and collaboration of thousands of people
from all
around the world, all of whom possess very specific knowledge (of "time and place," as Mises
called it)
that allows them to assist in the production and marketing of pencils. The same is true, of course,
virtually everything else that is produced.
Without economic freedom -- the freedom to earn a living for oneself and one's family --
are destined to become mere wards of the state. Thus, every attempt by the state to interfere with
trade is
an attempt to deny us our freedom, to impoverish us, and to turn us into modern-day serfs.
Mises believed that trade or exchange is "the fundamental social relation" which "weaves
bond which unites men into society."(2) Man "serves in order to be served" in any trade
relationship in the
free market.(3) Mises also
distinguished between two types of social cooperation: cooperation by virtue of
private contract and coordination, and cooperation by virtue of command and subordination or
"hegemony."(4) The former
type of coordination is symmetrical and mutually advantageous, whereas the
latter is asymmetrical -- there is a commander and a commandee, and the commandees are mere
pawns in
the actions of the commanders. When people become the mere pawns of their rulers they cannot
be said
to be free. This, of course, is the kind of "cooperation" that exists at the hands of the state.
Western civilization -- like other advanced civilizations -- is the result of "achievements of
who have cooperated according to the pattern of contractual
coordination."(5) The
contractual state is
guided by such concepts as natural rights to life, liberty, and property and government under the
rule of
law. In contrast, the "hegemonic society" is a society that does not respect natural rights or the
rule of
law. All that matters are the rules, directives, and regulations issued by dictators, whether they
are called
"kings" or "congressmen." These directives may change daily, and the wards of the state must
obey. As
Mises wrote: "The wards have one freedom only: to obey without asking
Trade involves the exchange of property titles. Restrictions on free trade are therefore an
on private property itself and not "merely" a matter of "trade policy." This is why such great
liberals as Frederic Bastiat spent many years of their lives defending free trade. Bastiat, as much
anyone, understood that once one acquiesced in protectionism, then no one's property will be
safe from
myriad other governmental acts of theft. To Bastiat, protectionism and communism were
essentially the
same philosophy.
It has long been recognized by classical liberals that free trade was the most
important means of
diminishing the likelihood of war. And nothing is more destructive of human freedom than war.
always leads to a permanent enlargement of the state -- and a reduction in human freedom --
regardless of
who wins. On the eve of the French Revolution many philosophers believed that democracy
would put an
end to war, for wars were thought to be fought merely to aggrandize and enrich the rulers of
Europe. The
substitution of representative government for royal despotism was supposed to end warfare once
and for
all, for the people are not concerned about territorial acquisition through conquest. The French
proved this theory wrong, however, for under the leadership of Napoleon they "adopted the most
methods of boundless expansion and annexation . . . ."(7)
Thus, it is not democracy that is a safeguard against war but, as the British (classical)
were to recognize, it is free trade. To Richard Cobden and John Bright, the leaders of the British
Manchester School, free trade -- both domestically and internationally -- was a necessary
prerequisite for
the preservation of peace. For in a world of trade and social cooperation, there are no incentives
for war
and conquest. It is government interference with free trade that is the source of international
Indeed, naval blockades that restrict trade are the ultimate act of war, and have been for
Throughout history, restrictions on trade have proven to be impoverishing and have instigated
acts of war
motivated by territorial acquisition and plunder as alternatives to peaceful exchange as the
means of
enhancing living standards.
It is no mere coincidence that the 1999 meeting of the World Trade Organization -- a
cabal of
bureaucrats, politicians, and lobbyists which favors government-controlled trade -- was marked by
a week-long riot, protests, and violence. Whenever trade is politicized the result is inevitably
conflict that quite
often leads, eventually, to military aggression.
Mises summarized the relationship between free trade and peace most eloquently when he
What distinguishes man from animals is the insight into the advantages that can be derived from cooperation under the division of labor. Man curbs his innate instinct of aggression in order to cooperate with other human beings. The more he wants to improve his material well-being, the more he must expand the system of the division of labor. Concomitantly he must more and more restrict the sphere in which he resorts to military action. ...Such is the laissez-faire philosophy of Manchester.(8)
As Frederic Bastiat often said, if goods can't cross borders, armies will. This is a
American philosophy in that it was the position assumed by George Washington, Thomas
Jefferson, and
Thomas Paine, among others. A foreign policy based on commerce," wrote Paine in
Common Sense,
would secure for America "the peace and friendship" of the Continent and allow her to "shake
hands with
the world -- and trade in any market."(9) Paine -- the philosopher of the American
Revolution -- believed
that free trade would "temper the human mind," help people to "know and understand each
other," and
have a "civilizing effect" on everyone involved in it.(10) Trade was seen as "a pacific system, operating
unite mankind be rendering nations, as well as individuals, useful to each other. . . . War can
never be in
the interest of a trading nation."(11)
George Washington obviously agreed. "Harmony, liberal intercourse with all Nations, are
recommended by policy, humanity and interest," he stated in his September 19, 1796 Farewell
Our commercial policy "should hold an equal and impartial and; neither seeking nor granting
favours or preferences; consulting the natural course of things; deversifying by gentle means the
of Commerce, but forcing nothing . . ."(13)
The period of world history from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the
centuries was an era of growth in world trade and invention and of institutions suited to trade.
Technological innovations in shipping, such as the three-masted sail, brought the merchants of
Europe to
the far reaches of America and Asia. This vast expansion of trade greatly facilitated the
division of labor, greater specialization, and the benefits of comparative
But whenever human freedom advances, as it did with the growth of trade, state power is
threatened. So states did all they could then, as now, to restrict trade. It is the system of trade
and other governmental interferences with the free market, known as mercantilism, that Adam
railed against in The Wealth of Nations. As Rothbard has written:
Mercantilism, which reached its height in the Europe of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, was a system of statism which employed economic fallacy to build up a structure of imperial state power, as well as special subsidy and monopolistic privilege to individuals or groups favored by the state. Thus, mercantilism held that exports should be encouraged by the government and imports discouraged.(15)
Classical liberals waged an ideological war against mercantilism during the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries, and scored some major victories for freedom. The French "physiocrats," led
by Dr.
Francois Quesnay, a physician who got interested in economic topics (at a time when "physicians"
their patients with leeches and "surgery" meant the amputation of limbs). The physiocrats were
influential from the 1750s to the 1770s and were among the first laissez faire
thinkers who
contemptuously denigrated mercantilist propaganda and called for complete freedom of domestic
international trade. Their position was based on sound economics as well as Lockean notions of
rights. Quesnay wrote that "Every man has a natural right to the free exercize of his faculties
provided he
does not employ them to the injury of himself or others."(16)
When he became Finance Minister of France in 1774, Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, a
of the Austrian School, decreed freedom of import and export of grain as his first official act.
At around the same time, Adam Smith was defending trade on moral as well as economic
grounds by enunciating his doctrine of how free trade was part of the system of "natural justice."
One of
the ways he did this was to defend smugglers and the act of smuggling as a means of evading
restrictions on trade. The smuggler, explained Smith, was engaged in "productive labor" that
served his
fellow man (i.e., consumers), whereas if he is caught by the government and prosecuted, his
capital is
"absorbed either in the revenue of the state or in that of the revenue-officer," which is an
use "to the diminution of the general capital of the society. . . "(17)
The Manchester School
Despite powerful arguments in favor of free trade offered by
Quesnay, Smith, David Ricardo, and
others, England (and other countries of Europe) suffered from protectionist trade policies for the
first half
of the nineteenth century. But this situation was turned around due to the heroic and brilliant
efforts of
what came to be known as the "Manchester School," led by two British businessmen, John Bright
Richard Cobden. Thanks to Bright and Cobden Great Britain achieved complete free trade by
The British public was plundered by the mercantilist "corn laws" which placed strict
quotas on the importation of food. The laws benefited political supporters of the government
who were
engaged in farming at the expense of much higher food prices, which was especially harmful to
the poor.
Bright and Cobden formed the Anti-Corn Law League in 1839 and turned it into a well-oiled
machine with mass support, distributing literally millions of leaflets, holding conferences and
all around the country, delivering hundreds of speeches, and publishing their own newspaper,
The Irish potato famine of 1845 created great pressures for repeal of the Corn Laws,
which was
finally achieved on June 25, 1846. The elimination of all other import duties followed, and a
period of British free trade began. Richard Cobden was also influential in pushing through the
Anglo-French treaty of 1860, which lowered French tariffs and helped put that country on the
road to freer trade.
The Great Bastiat
From his home in Mugron, France, Frederic Bastiat single
handedly created a free-trade
movement in his own country that eventually spread throughout Europe. Bastiat was a
gentleman farmer
who had inherited the family estate. He was a voracious reader, and spent many years educating
in classical liberalism and in just about any other field that he could attain information about.
After some
twenty years of intense intellectual preparation, articles and books began to pour out of Bastiat
(in the
1840s). His book, Economic Sophisms, is to this day arguably the best defense of
free trade ever
published. His second book, Economic Harmonies, quickly followed, while Bastiat
published magazine
and newspapers all over France. His work was so popular and influential that it was immediately
translated into English, Spanish, Italian, and German.
Due to Bastiat's enormous influence free-trade associations, modeled after one he had
created in
France and similar to the one created by his friend, Richard Cobden, in England, began to sprout
Belgium, Italy, Sweden, Prussia, and Germany.
To Bastiat, collectivism in all its forms was immoral as well as economically destructive.
Collectivism constituted "legal plunder," and to argue against the (natural) right to private
property would
be similar to arguing that theft and slavery were "moral." The protection of private property is the
legitimate function of government, Bastiat wrote, which is why trade restrictions -- and all other
mercantilist schemes -- should be condemned. Free trade "is a question of right, of justice, of
pubic order,
of property. Because privilege, under whatever form it is manifested, implies the denial or the
scorn of
property rights." And "the right to property, once weakened in one form, would soon be attacked
in a
thousand different forms."(19)
The Struggle Against Mercantilism in
There is no clearer example of how trade restrictions are
the enemy of freedom than the
American Revolution. In the seventeenth century all European states practiced the policy of
England imposed a series of Trade and Navigation Acts on its colonies in America and elsewhere,
embodied three principles: 1) All trade between England and her colonies must be conducted by
(or English-built) vessels owned and manned by English subjects; 2) All European imports into
colonies must "first be laid on the shores of England" before being sent to the colonies so that
extra tariffs
could be placed on them; and 3) Certain products from the colonies must be exported to England
England only.
In addition, the colonists were prohibited from trading with Asia because of the East India
Company's state-chartered monopoly. There were import duties placed on all colonial imports
After the Seven Years War (known in America as the French-Indian War), England's
land holdings (Canada, India, North America to the Mississippi, most of the West Indies) became
expensive to administer and police. Consequently, the Trade and Navigation Acts were made
even more
oppressive, which imposed severe hardships on the American colonists and helped lead to
After the American Revolution trade restrictions nearly caused the New England states --
suffered disproportionately from the restrictions -- to secede from the Union. In 1807 Thomas
was president and England was once again at war with France. England declared that it would
her seamen wherever found," which included U.S. ships. After a British warship captured the
Chesapeake off Hampton Roads, Virginia, Jefferson imposed a trade embargo that made all
commerce illegal. After Jefferson left office his successor, James Madison, imposed an
Act" which allowed war-on-drugs style seizure of goods suspected to be destined for export.
This radicalized the New England secessionists, who had been plotting to secede ever
Jefferson was elected, issued a public declaration reminding the nation that "the U.S.
Constitution was a
Treaty of Alliance and Confederation" and that the central government was no more than an
of the states. Consequently, "whenever its [i.e., the Constitution's] provisions were violated, or its
original principles departed from by a majority of the states or their people, it is no longer and
instrument, but that any state is at liberty by the spirit of that contract to withdraw itself from the
The Massachusetts legislature formally condemned the embargo, demanded its repeal by
Congress, and declared that it was "not legally binding." In other words, the Massachusetts
"nullified" the law. Madison was forced to end the embargo in March of 1809.
There has always been a collection of men in America who wanted to bring the British
mercantilist system here precisely because it was so destructive of freedom. That is, they figured
to be the
"commanders" of the system and its chief beneficiaries. As John Taylor of Caroline observed,
these men
"included Hamilton and the Federalists and later, the politicians of the Era of Good Feelings in
the 1820s
who eventually became Whigs."(22) These men "sought to bring the British system
to America, along with
its national debt, political corruption, and Court party . . ."(23)
Taylor, a noted Anti-Federalist, was a lifelong critic of mercantilism and laid out his
criticisms in
his 1822 book, Tyranny Unmasked. Like Bastiat, Taylor saw protectionism as an
assault on private
property that was diametrically opposed to the freedom the American revolutionaries had fought
and died
for. The tyranny that Taylor sought to "unmask" was the collection of fables and lies that had
devised by mercantilists to promote their system of plunder. If one looks at England's mercantilist
policies, Taylor wrote, "No equal mode of enriching the party of government, and impoverishing
the party
of people, has ever been discovered."(24) He wrote of the "indissoluble conexions"
between both "the
freedom of industry and national prosperity" and also "between national distress and protecting
bounties, exclusive privileges, and heavy taxation."(25) The former produces national happiness,
the latter produces national misery, according to Taylor. In pointing out the folly of economic
Taylor asked:
Will Alabama want nothing but cotton, should that State select this species of labour for its staple? Can she eat, drink, and ride her cotton? Can she manufacture it into tools, cheese, fish, rum, wine, sugar, and tea? ...Is not Georgia a market for manufacturers, and Rhode-Island a market for cotton, in consequence of the division of labor?(26)
Many of Taylor's arguments were adopted and expanded upon by the great South
statesman John C. Calhoun during the struggle over the 1828 "Tariff of Abominations," which a
Carolina political convention voted to nullify. The confrontation between South Carolina,
which was very
heavily import dependent, as was most of the South, and the federal government over the Tariff
Abominations almost led to the state's secession some thirty years prior to the War for Southern
Independence. The federal government backed down and reduced the tariff rate in 1833.
The Northern manufacturers who wanted to impose British-style mercantilism on the
U.S. did
not give up, however; they formed the American Whig party, which advocated three mercantilist
protectionism, corporate welfare for themselves, and a central bank to pay for it all. From 1832
until 1861
the Whigs, led by Henry Clay and, later, by Abraham Lincoln, fought mightily in the political
arena to
bring seventeenth-century mercantilism to America.(27)
The Whig party died in 1852, but the Whigs simply began calling themselves
Republicans. The
tariff was the centerpiece of the Republican party platform of 1860, as it had been when the same
collection of Northern economic interests called itself "Whigs" for the previous thirty years.
By 1857 the level of tariffs had been reduced to the lowest level since 1815, according to
Taussig in his classic Tariff History of the United States.(28) But when the Republicans controlled the
White House and the Southern Democrats left the Congress the Republicans did what, as former
they had been itching to do for decades: go on a protectionist frenzy. In his First Inaugural
Lincoln stated that he had no intention to disturb slavery in the Southern states and, even if he
did, there
would be no constitutional basis for doing so. But when it came to the tariff, he promised a
invasion if tariff revenues were not collected. Unlike Andrew Jackson, he would not back down
to the
South Carolinian tariff nullifiers.
By 1862 the average tariff rate had crept up to 47.06 percent, the highest level ever, even
than the 1828 Tariff of Abominations. These high rates lasted for decades after the war.
In the nineteenth century newspapers were formally associated with one political party or
another, and many of the Republican party newspapers in 1860 were openly calling for a military
of Southern ports to keep the South from adopting free trade, which was written into the
Constitution of 1861. On March 12, 1861, for example, the New York Post
advocated that the U.S. Navy
"abolish all ports of entry" in the South.(29) On April 2, 1861 the Newark (NJ)
Daily Advertiser warned
ominously that Southerners had "apparently taken to their bosoms the liberal and popular
doctrine of free
trade" and that free trade "must operate to the serious disadvantage of the North" as "commerce
will be
largely diverted to Southern cities." The "chief instigator" of "the present troubles," South
Carolina, has
all along been "preparing the way for the adoption of free trade" and must be stopped by "the
closing of
the ports" by military force.(30)
As mentioned above, by 1860 England itself had moved to complete free trade; France
reduced her tariff rates in that very year; and Bastiat's free-trade movement was spreading
Europe. Only the Northern United States was clinging steadfastly to seventeenth-century
After the war the Northern manufacturing interests who financed and controlled the
party (i.e., the old Whigs) were firmly in control and they "ushered in a long period of high tariffs.
the tariff of 1897, protection reached an average level of 57 percent."(31) This political plunder continued
for about fifty years after the war, at which time international competition forced tariff rates
moderately. By 1913 the average tariff rate in the U.S. had declined to 29 percent.
But the same clique of Northern manufacturers was begging for "protection" and persisted
they got it when Herbert Hoover signed the Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1929, which increased the
average tariff
rate on over 800 items back up to 59.1 percent.(32) The Smoot-Hawley tariff spawned an
trade war that resulted in about a 50 percent reduction in total exports from the United States
1929 and 1932.(33) Poverty
and misery was the inevitable result. Even worse, the government responded to
these problems of its own creation with a massive increase in government intervention, which
produced even more poverty and misery and deprived Americans of more and more of their
Since the seventeenth century all the great classical liberals have defended free trade and
trade restrictions. Trade restrictions are an attack on the institution of private property, interfere
with the
international division of labor that is the source of our prosperity, and are nothing less than an
act of theft.
As Murray Rothbard remarked:
"The impetus for protectionism comes not from preposterous theories, but from the quest for coerced special privilege and restraint of trade at the expense of efficient competitors and consumers. In the host of special interests using the political process to repress and loot the rest of us, the protectionists are among the most venerable. It is high time that we get them, once and for all, off our backs, and treat them with the righteous indignation they so richly deserve."
Thomas DiLorenzo is professor of economics at Loyola College in Maryland.
Murray Rothbard, "Protectionism and the Destruction of
Prosperity," found on
Ludwig von Mises, Human Action: A Treatise on
Economics, Scholar's Edition,
(Auburn, Ala: Mises Institute, 1998), p. 195.
Ibid., p. 196.
Ibid., p. 198.
Ibid., p. 199
Ibid, p. 819.
Ibid., p. 827.
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, p. 20, in Philip S. Foner,
Complete Writings of Thomas
Paine (New York: 1954).
W.B. Allen, editor, George Washington: A Collection
(Indianapolis: LibertyClassics,
1988), p. 525.
Nathan Rosenberg and L.E. Birdzell, Jr., How the West Grew
Rich (New York:
BasicBooks, 1986), pp. 71-112.
Murray Rothbard, "Mercantilism: A Lesson for Our Times?" in his
book, The Logic of
Action II (Cheltanham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1997), p. 43,
Cited in Henry Higgs, The Physiocrats (New York:
Langland Press, 1952), p. 45.
Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1976), p. 898.
Nick Elliott, "John Bright: Voice of Victorian Liberalism," in Burton
W. Folsom, Jr.,
editor, The Industrial Revolution and Free Trade (Irvington, NY: Foundation for
Economic Education, 1996), p. 28.
Frederic Bastiat, Selected Essays on Political Economy,
George B. de Huszar, ed.
(Irvington, NY: Foundation for Economic Education, 1995), p. 111.
Samuel Eliot Morison, Henry Steele Commager, and William
Leuchtenburg, The
Growth of the American Republic (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), pp.
James Banner, To the Hartford Convention: The Federalists
and the Origins of Party
Politics in Massachusetts, 1789-1815 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), p. 301.
John Taylor, Tyranny Unmasked (Indianapolis: Liberty
Fund, 1992), p. xvi.
Ibid., p. 11.
Ibid., p. 19.
Ibid., p. 24.
Michael F. Holt, The Rise and Fall of the American Whig
Party (New York: Oxford
University Press, 19990.
Frank Taussig, A Tariff History of the United States
(New York: Putnam, 1931), p.
Howard Perkins, Northern Editorials on Secession
(Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith,
1964)p. 600.
Ibid., p. 602.
Wilson Brown and Jan Hogendorn, International Economics
(New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994), p. 188.
Ibid. p. 192.
Ibid., p. 193.
Rothbard, "Protectionism."
Note: The views expressed on Mises.org are not necessarily those of the Mises Institute.


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Burgamy helps B-Mets blast Akron
Akron, OH (WBNG Binghamton) Brian Burgamy launched a pair of three-run homers to lead the Binghamton Mets past the Akron RubberDucks in a 12-6 victory on Wednesday night at Canal Park. Burgamy set a team season-high with seven RBI to push the B-Mets to their third straight victory.
B-Mets splash the RubberDucks in doubleheader sweep
Akron, OH (WBNG Binghamton) The Binghamton Mets offense collected 22 hits, including five home runs, in two games to complete a doubleheader sweep of the Akron RubberDucks on Tuesday night at Canal Park.
RubberDucks clean-up the B-Mets in series opener
Akron, OH (WBNG Binghamton) The Binghamton Mets cut a three-run deficit down to one only to watch the Akron RubberDucks plate seven unanswered runs in a 10-2 defeat on Monday night at Canal Park.
Four-run seventh helps B-Mets snap losing skid
Binghamton (WBNG BINGHAMTON) The Binghamton Mets scored four runs in the eighth inning to break a tie game and defeat the New Britain Rock Cats, 7-3, on Sunday afternoon at NYSEG Stadium. Binghamton avoided a three-game sweep and snapped a four-game losing streak with the series finale victory.
B-Mets drop fourth straight
Binghamton (WBNG BINGHAMTON) New Britain Rock Cats utility man Eddie Rosario smashed a two-run home run to highlight a three-hit game and hand the Binghamton Mets a 6-4 loss on Saturday night at NYSEG Stadium. The B-Mets have lost four straight and seven of their last eight games.
New Britain grand slam sends B-Mets to third straight loss
Binghamton, NY (WBNG Binghamton) New Britain first baseman Kennys Vargas drove in six runs to lead the Rock Cats past the Binghamton Mets, 6-3, on Friday night at NYSEG Stadium.
Late rally comes up short for B-Mets in Altoona
Altoona, PA (WBNG Binghamton) A late rally by the Binghamton Mets fell short in an 8-5 loss to the Altoona Curve on Thursday night at Peoples Natural Gas Field.
B-Mets rally falls short in Altoona
Altoona, PA (WBNG Binghamton) The Binghamton Mets stranded the potential tying run on second base and watched their ninth-inning rally fall a run short in a 6-5 loss to the Altoona Curve on Wednesday night at Peoples Natural Gas Field.
B-Mets blast Curve to snap losing streak
Altoona, PA (WBNG Binghamton) The Binghamton Mets hammered out a season-high 19 hits in a 15-6 blowout victory over the Altoona Curve on Tuesday night at Peoples Natural Gas Field.
New Britain sweeps away B-Mets
New Britain, CT (WBNG BINGHAMTON) The Binghamton Mets concluded a frustrating weekend visit to the Constitution State with a 6-1 loss to the New Britain Rock Cats on Sunday afternoon at New Britain Stadium. The loss sealed a three-game sweep of the B-Mets in which they went a combined 3-for-30 with runners in scoring position and stranded 31 runners over three games.


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Donnie Cummings left lasting impression on many residents
Monday, July 7, 2014
The passing of a friend last week got me to thinking about important things and people in one's life. I have attended my share of wakes, burials, funeral masses, celebrations of life.
Was he a senator, representative, mayor or other public figure? Absolutely not. Cummings was a husband, father, golfer, sports fan. His job was letter carrier.
Over the succeeding years, wars, day jobs, families interfered with the band members' participation and occasionally it went into hiatus, but they were always The Spectras.
No surprises, but simple things like "be an active listener," and "it is important to reflect and respond appropriately." In closing, he used a sports analogy: "It is a team-oriented business, players must trust themselves and one another. Each player must play their position. Trust goes a long way." |


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Well, okay, maybe that's a bit dramatic, but this time of year poses a great opportunity to sneak in while your competition is shopping and nab – well, not just a cool house, but a good job as well, trust me on this. I got four of my last five jobs in December. Nobody wants to job-hunt, and hardly anybody wants to house-hunt, either. Though there's not that many open houses in Richmond this weekend, here's a chance to check out what looks like two very sweet deals. (Photo: Jeff Sandquist on flickr.)
1200 Brickyard Way #106, Richmond: 2 bedrooms/2 bathrooms, 1,419 sq ft, $489,000. Open Sunday 10:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. This condo has a view of the harbor and San Francisco, a wood-burning fireplace, granite countertops and a deck, and the condo has a pool and spa. Check out the view from this house – how could you live here and not be in a good mood gazing out at the ships bobbing in the harbor?
3153 Fairmede Drive, Richmond: 4 bedrooms/2 baths, 1,165 sq ft, $325,500. Open Sunday 1-4. One of my fellow bloggers wisely targeted properties close to malls in her open homes post, and as it happens, this one is close to the Hilltop Mall. Why in the world is it so cheap? Three words: Real Estate Owned, or to put it more bluntly, foreclosure. It's sad, especially considering that this four-bedroom house was likely inhabited by a family, but the extremely low price may well benefit some other family.


text: My husband and I are new to this- we had one experience with a second guy about a year ago that went quite well, but neither of us have been with another couple, either in this relationship or previous ones. We are very interested in this idea though, and have met some people online that are possiblities. The problem I am running up against is in his choice of the female side of the couple. I certainly am not trying to enforce that he be with someone he doesn't find attractive, but personally I am uncomfortable with him being with someone that I perceive as much more attractive than myself. With the one couple that he is trying to initiate something with, the female is much younger than me, has a much larger chest (something I have always been paranoid about), and is overall more attractive than I am. Is this weird for me to want him to be with someone a little less threatening? He thnks that I am being impossibly insecure- I disagree and think this is a normal response, especially to a new idea. Maybe once I had tried this before and knew a little bit more about how it would go, I would have an easier time letting him pick the women, but to start out with, I would like him to be a little more considerate adn let me start with a situatin I don't feel threatened by. I guess what I would like to hear from some of you is if you ever felt this way or have any rules set in place that allows each part of the couple to approve every additional person. Is this a normal response, and if not, should I just try to get over it or does this mean that I am not meant for this type of lifestyle? This is a funny situation to me because when we were jsut starting out, he was quite jelous of anyone I said two words to, and now he claims that this will not bother him at all as long as we are both in it together.


text:
The Global Intelligence Files,
files released so far...
Index pages
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The Global Intelligence Files
On Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.
ISRAEL/TURKEY/QATAR/PNA/EGYPT/US - Cairo embassy attack a "wake-up call" for Israel - Al-Jazeera
Released on 2012-10-16 17:00 GMT
Email-ID | 730650 |
Date | 2011-09-10 12:08:07 |
From | firstname.lastname@example.com |
To | email@example.com |
List-Name | firstname.lastname@example.com |
Text of report in English by Qatari government-funded aljazeera.net
website on 10 September
["Embassy Attack a Wake-Up Call for Israel" - Al Jazeera net Headline]
(Al Jazeera net) -
Protests at Israel's embassy in Cairo on Friday escalated into an attack
on the facility that brought down the Israeli flag and forced the
ambassador and his staff to flee in the middle of the night. These
dramatic events should come as a wake-up call: the Israeli government of
Binyamin Netanyahu, the prime minister, can no longer take Egypt for
Egypt's empowered and vocal public opinion since the revolution that
threw out the government of Husni Mubarak, the former president, has
changed the way Cairo does business with its presumed "peace partner".
The window of opportunity to halt the deterioration of relations is
closing fast. Do not expect relations to recover any time soon.
Israel's killing of four Egyptian security officers on the border three
weeks ago has angered Egyptians and humiliated the country's ruling
military council.
It was no coincidence that Egyptian revolutionaries who called for a day
of protest under the slogan "Correct the path" would make their way for
a second time to the Israeli embassy. Indeed, members of the public are
either unaware or have forgotten that Egypt's movement for change
started 10 years ago as a solidarity movement with the Palestinian
Intifada and against Israeli occupation. Activists at the time viewed
Mubarak's failures in domestic affairs as an extension of his defeatist
foreign policies.
Despite Mubarak's attempts to cover up Israel's 2008 war against the
Gaza Strip, and to pressure the Palestinian leadership to accept Israeli
dictates, the Netanyahu administration paid lip service to its "peace
Last year, the Israeli navy embarrassed another friendly regional power,
Turkey, when it attacked its flotilla in the Mediterranean's
international waters, killing nine Turkish activists.
The Netanyahu government has refused to apologise for the attack, and
instead warned Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the Turkish prime minister, about
the consequences of making escalatory statements.
An angered Erdogan government severed relations with Turkey's former
strategic ally and put Israel on notice.
Israel has clearly paid little attention to the fact that Turkey and
Egypt in 2011 are nothing like they were a year or a decade ago.
Netanyahu's administration seems to have ignored the facts that the
region has been transformed by the democratic change that brought
Erdogan's AK Party to the fore in Ankara, and has empowered the Egyptian
public like nothing before. Israel cannot seem to accept the idea that
it might no longer get away with humiliating its friends or foes under
the pretext of guarding Israeli security.
As it stands, Netanyahu's Israel has lost the only two significant
allies it had in the region. Its attempts to pressure Washington into
cleaning up its mess and tame its adversaries does not seem to be
helping either. Washington has also lost much of its political leverage
in Turkey and Egypt because of the public pressure in both countries.
Any more pressure by Washington would only embarrass the generals in
Turkey and the ruling military council in Egypt which are already under
tremendous pressure from their respective publics.
Even though Washington remains an important strategic ally to both
countries and commands strong military-to-military relations, it can no
longer protect Israel from popular anger. As the godfather of normalised
relations between Israel and Egypt, Washington has reacted swiftly and
angrily to the attack on the Israeli embassy in Cairo. But its mild
reactions to the Israeli attacks on the Egyptian border and the Turkish
flotilla have invoked accusations of diplomatic double standards. In the
process, the outcry has weakened Washington's leverage in the region.
The same applies to the failure this week of Barack Obama, the US
president, to prevent the Palestinians from pursuing United Nations
His threat to veto any such resolution presented to the UN Security
Council has also raised eyebrows in the Arab world, considering Obama's
failure to pressure Israel's settlement freeze in the occupied
Palestinian territories. Israel's intransigence will ultimately lead not
only to its isolation, but also to a weakened US posture in the region.
For Israel, if it truly wants to change all that, a round of apologies
may be in order. As one Western commentator put it this week: "Yes,
Israel, increasingly isolated, should do just that. An apology is the
right course and the smart course. What's good for Egypt - an apology
over lost lives - is good for Turkey, too."
Source: Aljazeera.net website, Doha, in English 10 Sep 11
BBC Mon ME1 MEEauosc 100911 pk
(c) Copyright British Broadcasting Corporation 2011


text:
- Follow HabsWorld
- Must Read
- Did you know?
- January hasn't been a kind month for Lars Eller. He has just 12 points in 44 games, his lowest PPG average of any month.
In accordance with the Canadiens' season, the winds of change are blowing, as February features a first-timer topping the HW 3 Stars. Though closely contended, David Desharnais beat out Erik Cole, Mathieu Darche, Lars Eller, Alexei Emelin, Josh Gorges, Max Pacioretty, Tomas Plekanec, Carey Price, P.K. Subban and Ryan White en route to being named the number one star for the month.
As chosen by Habsworld's readers, here are February's 3 Stars.
1 - David Desharnais (14 GP - 4 Goals - 8 Assists - 12 Points - Minus 1 Rating)
At this point, to say that Desharnais is having a breakout season would be an understatement. He has already surpassed his totals from last season (8G, 14A, 22P) and is currently on pace to top 60 points. Although many consider Desharnais' impressive totals to be a by-product of his talented linemates, one can't discredit the creativity and offensive that he provides. Nor can one not factor in Davey's contributions when considering the somewhat revived state of the powerplay, which he led with 5 powerplay points. The question remains whether he will be able to maintain this pace, but at this point in time, the future appears bright for the pocket-sized pivot.
47% of 1st Star votes, 13% of 2nd Star votes, 13% of 3rd Star votes.
2 - Max Pacioretty (14 GP - 7 Goals - 3 Assists - 10 Points - Minus 3 Rating)
Although he was narrowly edged out by his linemate, Desharnais, for top honours, Max continued his upward progression in the month of February. Leading the club in both goals (7) and shots on goal (41), Patches has begun to put up the consistent numbers that everyone has been hoping for since the blossoming power forward suited up for the Canadiens. Like Desharnais, this has been a breakout season for the young forward, and as this tumultuous season nears closer to the end, it almost appears a given that Pacioretty will be the team's first 30-goal scorer since Alexei Kovalev.
20% of 1st Star votes, 49% of 2nd Star votes, 11% of 3rd Star votes.
3 - Carey Price (5-6-1, 2.40 GAA, 0.916 SV%, 2 SO)
It grows increasingly difficult to write anything about Price that hasn't been said ad nauseam. Price is almost indisputably Montreal's most valuable player, he gives them an opportunity to win every game, and his play is rarely the reason for a loss. His calm, collected presence is invaluable in the crease, and despite his young age, he has emerged as one of Montreal's leaders. As has been the way for most of the season, Price's average statistics belie his true worth, and one must assume that he would be a legitimate Vezina candidate if he was playing for a more successful team.
16% of 1st Star votes, 13% of 2nd Star votes, 18% of 3rd Star votes.
HM - Alexei Emelin (14 GP - 1 Goal - 2 Assists - 3 Points - Minus 4 Rating)
A newcomer to this list, Alexei Emelin has had a positive impact in a season that has been noticeably deficient of bright spots. In recent years, Montreal's blue-line has been absent of a proper physical presence; this is no longer the case. If you were to poll the NHL, there is little doubt that most players are becoming aware of what awaits them should they attempt to gain the zone with their head down. Emelin led the Habs with 59 hits, which was 16 more than runner-up, Erik Cole (43), and his physical prowess didn't prove a detriment to the team, as he only compiled 8 penalty minutes. As Emelin grows increasingly comfortable on the North American ice, Canadiens' fans can be confident that they finally have a legitimate physical threat to keep the opposition honest.
9% of 1st Star votes, 9% of 2nd Star votes, 20% of 3rd Star votes.
Thanks to all that voted, and be sure to check in next month for March's 3 Stars!
Also Read
- Vote for February's 3 Stars! posted by Matt Dilworth
- HW 3 Stars - The January 2012 Edition posted by Matt Dilworth
HW Facebook | HW Twitter | HW Forums | About HW | HW Collaborators Login


text:
You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
Merry Christmas + 20 POINTS
Hi, care to be buddies? Hope you are having a good weekend.
Congratulations on posting for 1500 consecutive days, that is real dedication, helping others to save money on gas. ..Shep
A Big Congrats on reaching the 1500 Day Mark Posting, Notice you have over 10 plus years at this, Wanna be Gas Buddies
Congratulations on hitting 1500 consecutive days. Want to be Buddies?
Congratulations on Earning over 3.63 million points, fantastic achievement. you are among the few committed buddies, who have really helped others save money on gas, over the years. You just don't get anymore new cars now. LOL... I would be honored to be your buddy. Thanks. Shep
Thanks for the words silver, they do help. So far I'm doing okay. Think I might me chillin down a little, maybe that's why I chose the handle I have. lol
I don't know how much longer I'll hang in here with the dedication I've had. GB has seriously upset me. I didn't get credit for postings, news articles & forums a month ago shortly after midnight. Lost point for the day and reset my consecutive days. They won't fix it, so I'm losing interest. Hanging in there so far, maybe I'll change my outlook.
WOW!!! Congratulations on reaching 10 years!! That is amazing!
Great job for reaching 3.5 M points! Sorry there isn't a new red car icon, but this is still an awesome achievement. Keep up the great gas price posting.


text:
Contact Me
Please enter your comments for House Democratic Leader Tim Greimel in the field below.
In order to ensure your questions and concerns are forwarded to your State Representative, please provide the following information:
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Sign up for my E-newsletter Updates
Thank you for visiting my website.
I'm State Representative Tim Greimel, and I serve Michigan's 29th House District.
As your State Representative, I am committed to working on behalf of Pontiac and Auburn Hills residents to clean up state government so that it works for us. If you need assistance regarding unemployment benefits, foreclosure assistance and or any other state issue, feel free to contact me. I am here to work for you and your family.
State Representative Tim Greimel
29th House District


text:
Phone: (503) 353-5725
School Type: Regular
School Level:
Middle School
School Status: Operational
School District: North Clackamas SD 12
County: Clackamas
Location: Large Suburb (over 250,000)
Students: 675
Teachers: 42
Student-Teacher Ratio: 16.3 to 1
Lowest Grade in School: 07
Highest Grade in School: 08
Students by Grade
Grade 7: 337
Grade 8: 338
Corrections to the school database are encouraged! School Edit Form.
Rowe Middle School, OR
(< 0.1 mile) Milwaukie Elementary School, OR (0.7 miles NNW) El Puente, OR (0.7 miles NNW) Milwaukie High School, OR (0.7 miles NW) Milwaukie Academy of the Arts, OR (0.7 miles NW) |
Milwaukie Eschool, OR
(0.7 miles NW)
Campbell Elementary School, OR (0.8 miles NE) Oak Grove Elementary, OR (1 miles SW) Cascade Heights Public Charter School, OR (1.2 miles ESE) View Acres Elementary School, OR (1.2 miles SSE) |
St. John the Baptist Catholic Sch, OR
(0.9 miles NNW)
Learning Tree Day School of Oak, OR (1.4 miles S) La Salle Catholic College Prepar, OR (1.9 miles E) Christ the King Parish School, OR (2 miles ENE) Our Lady of the Lake School, OR (2.4 miles WSW) |
St. Agatha Catholic School, OR
(2.6 miles NNW)
Kindercare Learning Center #965, OR (3 miles SSW) Beautiful Savior Lutheran Presch, OR (3.2 miles ENE) Whole Child Montessori Center, OR (3.2 miles N) Lents Education Center, OR (3.3 miles NNE) |
The Demographic Data for the 1,038 Oregon cities, towns, counties, ZIP Codes and Census Designated Places (CDPs) profiled in this gazetteer is updated annually. Last Update: July 1, 2014.
The ZIP Code maps and the data regarding the number of residential and business addresses in each ZIP Code are updated four times per year. Last Update: November 1, 2014.
The information on the 59,893 Oregon Physical, Cultural and Historic Features is updated six times per year. Last Update: December 2, 2014.
The School Attendance Zone Maps for 1,206 Oregon public schools are updated four times per year. Last Update: October 6, 2014.


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Gold Member
Location: Calgary, Alberta
Joined Nov 07, 2009 at 09:07PM EST
- About
Gamer and forum troll extraordinaire (exaggerating, lulz), my uncanny ability to turn any situation against someone gets me into trouble every now and then. But, of course, I have self-restraint. :D
- Website
Recent Activity
Commented on "Milhouse Is Not A Meme"
Millhouse is a forced meme that's countered by saying he's not a meme, which in turn became a meme all in itself. Confusing, amirite?
Commented on I See What You Did There
i c wut u did thar
Hmmm… Boxxy looks like this girl in my CALM class… and sounds like her and has this annoyingly loud laugh. Coincidence?
Commented on What What (in the Butt)
Commented on Yotsuba Koiwai / 404 Girl
Hi, the only reason they use her is because it's perfect loli material, and 4chan is known for vast amounts of hidden CP.
According to ED, the original cat that was used to make the video was heavily drugged with morphine, is this a lie or an actual fact?
What is this, I don't even-
Commented on Hamster on a Piano
Hm, I did my own personal research on this meme, and I did find out that the original Hamster on a Piano video came before Parry Gripp uploaded any songs about animals. But, one of his most famous sounds "Do you Like Waffles" was released one year before, so I wouldn't rule out the possibility that he made animal songs after Hamster on a Piano was made.
Even then, he made numerous others before making his version of Hamster of a Piano using the original footage. It was disappointing that he had to take it out, but most people are too thickskulled to realize that nearly all of his videos have footage that isn't his, and is only used to accompany his songs for an added effect.
Finally, I'm pretty sure the only reason that the original maker of the video got involved was because Parry Gripp was selling the song that he created on his website, www.parrygripp.com. Selling for monetary gain must've been the only reason the lyrical version of Hamster on a Piano was removed, but the song can still be downloaded for free on his website.
I think that the possibility of fetishism occuring in this culture should be pointed out, as most people that hear the word "furry" on sites like YouTube and 4Chan immediately jump to the conclusion of a person having a fetish-like attraction to animals, therefore having a semi-connection to beastiality.
I wouldn't consider being an otaku a fad, it's more of a lifestyle/interest type thing. Also, I would take out the gaming otaku, because to be honest, that should only apply if you play nothing but japanese games. Gamers that don't play purely japanese games shouldn't be classified as an otaku, they should be classified as a gamer (or geek, if you mean to be derogatory).
Finally, I believe there is a difference between an otaku, and a psychopathic otaku (lol, those pictures that are supposed to be examples of them, particularly the anime/gaming ones). You can watch a lot of anime and be an otaku, without going to the complete extreme shown. Or, you can watch a little bit and technically not be an otaku at all.


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Dr. Melvin P. Weinstein, MD
Infectious Disease, RWJ Medical Group Infectious Diseases
- 125 Paterson St Ste 5100B
New Brunswick, NJ 08901 - 1 Office Location
- (732) 235-7060
Dr. Melvin P. Weinstein graduated from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University in 1971. He works in New Brunswick, NJ and specializes in Infectious Disease. Dr. Weinstein is affiliated with Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 44 Years
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University
Graduation Date: 1971
Hospital Affiliations: Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital
Specialties: Infectious Disease


text:
The James Plays
A co-production with the National Theatre of Scotland and Edinburgh International Festival
'Rona Munro's thrilling trilogy could be the finest history plays ever penned' Daily Telegraph
'A towering achievement. A modern classic' Evening Standard
'The most-elating things you'll see all year. Thrillingly' Independent
'Astonishing. A feast of theatrical might and blistering emotion' Daily Telegraph
'A huge theatrical event. A mighty trilogy' The Scotsman
'Unequivocally plays for today. Munro skilfully interweaves the personal and the political' Guardian
Winner of The Herald Angel Award, August 2014
Exhilarating and vividly imagined, Rona Munro's The James Plays – James I, James II and James III – bring to life three generations of Stewart kings who ruled Scotland in the tumultuous fifteenth century. Full of playful wit and boisterous theatricality, they offer a compelling narrative on culture and nationhood. Each play stands alone as a unique vision of a country tussling with its past and future. Alternatively, view them as a trilogy from just £45
Playing until 29 October in the Olivier Theatre.
View frequently asked questions about The James Plays
James I: The Key Will Keep the Lock |
James II: Day of the Innocents |
James III: The True Mirror |
£15 On Stage Seats
To book on-stage seats for any of The James Plays, please go to the show page, select dates & buy tickets, choose a date and time and then use the automated selection option.
National Theatre of Scotland is core funded by the Scottish Government


text:
Blood Ruby
I love the new art, and I am sure some are getting attached to it as well. The new lore seems to be unanimously panned. What is the best way to keep the new look for people like me while folding in the original lore for the fans if that story? I would love this to be a chapter 2, rather than a retcon.
Senior Member
Alright. In my personal opinion, Riot screwed up and they were lazy. Even with the lore rework, in no way did it need to be a retcon. Lets see what elements are 'trundle'.
Junior Member
Trundle – The Twice Cursed Troll Generations ago, a twisted necromancer known as Hakolin the Bronecrafter attempted to enslave a tribe of trolls known as the Rughosk. These trolls are considerably more genteel than their ill-mannered brethren, although still uncouth by human standards. The Rughosk fought tooth and claw againt the necromancer, ultimately driving him from their land. As a parting gift, Hakolin afflicted the trolls with a leprous disease, forever cursing the tribe. Caught forever in a hideous rotting state, the Ruhgosk endured their curse while desperately in search for a cure. They never found one. A wise Rohgosk shaman learned that he could magically bind the disease to a single troll. Provided that the troll could bear the weight of the entire tribes cure upon himself. There was no such troll, until the birth of Trundle. His ability to regenerate was so profound that it appeared as if he did not carry the disease. When he came of age, he took the curse from his tribe in a baptism of searing agony. Through the ritual, Trundle became a horrifying creature whose flash constantly sloughs off his body, only to be re-grown on an unremitting cycle. In search for a cure for himself Trundle ventured north. Eventually he came across a tribe known as the Frostguard hearing stories of the victories over evil. Seeking guidance with their leader, Lissandra fixed the curse with a spell of her own by encasing Trundle with a new skin of ice. Unfortunately this came with a price. Returning home, Trundle un-intentionally released a new curse on to his tribe bringing everything into the village into a frozen state, including his brethren . In search of finding a cure for his tribe, Trundle takes his role as a Champion in the League of Legends. 1. Keeps most of the old lore 2. Explains the new skins 3. Gives a another good reason to stay in the LoL 4. Ties in with the new champion, Lissandra. opinions?


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CustodyONLY ON 3 UPDATE: Father continues fight for son put up for adoptionSubmitted by Marcy Cuevas on Thu, 09/27/2012 - 4:07pm.READ MORE:
There are new details in the case of a father trying to get custody of the son he did not know about. As you saw ONLY ON 3 back in May, Greg Johns found out he had a son when the baby was six months old and up for adoption
Full story... » TONIGHT ONLY ON 3: Wilmington man fights for child ex never told him he hadSubmitted by WWAY on Mon, 05/21/2012 - 12:33pm.READ MORE:
A Wilmington man was shocked to find out he had a baby that had been put up for adoption. More than a year later, Greg Johns is fighting a losing battle to get custody of the now 18-month-old boy.
Full story... » |


text:
The Darby Translation (DBY) | New International Version (NIV) |
1 Thou shalt not sacrifice to Jehovah thy God an ox or sheep wherein is a defect, or anything bad; for it is an abomination to Jehovah thy God. | 1 Do not sacrifice to the LORD your God an ox or a sheep that has any defect or flaw in it, for that would be detestable to him. |
The Darby Translation is in the public domain. (The Darby Translation Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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I hope you all have a wonderful Thanksgiving! I am looking forward to spending time with friends and family, as well as cooking some of my favorite desserts!
Once Upon a Time…
There once was a women who lived in a shoe!
Some Liberace Costume Detail…
Just because!
Wellness Wednesday: Smoothie Cheat
Smoothie cheat sheet! Customize your smoothie for what your body needs!


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The Board ratified items presented to the Executive Committee.
The Board approved the appointment of Brian Burton, assistant strength and conditioning coach.
The Governors approved the activity and purchasing reports for the Springfield and West Plains campuses.
Academic appointments: Ashlea Cardin, sports medicine and athletic training; VadimPutzu, religious studies.
Unranked academic reappointment: Kathryn Patterson, clinical assistant professor, nursing; Tara Boehne, clinical assistant professor, sports medicine and athletic training; Traci Garrison, clinical instructor, sports medicine and athletic training.
Academic resignations: Melissa Hudson, agriculture; KandiahManivannan, physics, astronomy and materials science.
Academic retirement: Arden Miller, psychology; Mary Mann, childhood education and family studies; William Thomas, physics, astronomy and materials science; Donald Beisswenger, library.
Faculty leave without pay: BelaBodo, history; Bethany Walker, history.
Sabbaticals: Leslie Baynes, religious studies; BelaBodo, history; Brian Calfano, political science; Brett Garland, criminology and criminal justice; James Kaatz, political science; Gabriel Ondetti, political science; John Strong, religious studies.
Academic change-of-status: KandiahManivannan, to professor emeritus, physics, astronomy and materials science; Arden Miller, to professor emeritus, psychology; Peter Richardson, to professor emeritus, management.
Non-academic appointments: Geoffrey S. Green, membership coordinator- radio and TV, broadcast services; George O. Radier, academic advisor/retention specialist, Business Advisement Center; Lindsey Bobbitt, health careers coordinator (Grant Funded), Southwest AHEC; Richard L. Sisco, systems analyst, computer services; Brian C. Burton, assistant strength and conditioning coach, intercollegiate athletics; SonalDey, post-doctoral research assistant, physics, astronomy and material sciences; Kurtis R. Foster, English language instruction specialist, English Language Institute; Iris K. Oriaro, English language instruction specialist, English Language Institute; Stacey R. Trewatha-Bach, coordinator of public affairs-special projects, public affairs support; Tabitha Underwood, executive director - Campus Compact, Misouri Campus Compact; Crystal A. Young, English language instruction specialist, English Language Institute; Gwendolyn A. Kamerer, medical assistant, Taylor Health and Wellness Center; Nandita Nag, laboratory supervisor; physics, astronomy and material sciences; Jared Schmidt, athletics equipment stores specialist, intercollegiate athletics; Brian J. Westhues, assistant director, campus recreation-recreational sports, campus recreation.
Non-academic resignations: Julie R. Arndt, residence life, housing and dining services; Robert Easley, residence life, housing and dining services; Lindsay N. Clark, financial services; Rhett Caviel, intercollegiate athletics; Sarah J. Martin, chemistry.
Non-academic retirements: Danny Chrisman, Plaster Student Union; Thomas Lightner, international programs; Deanna G. McNeal, Taylor Health and Wellness Center; Carolyn F. Price, financial aid.
Non-academic changes-of-status: Leslie F. Champagne, to administrative assistant II, College of Education; Patrick D. Grayshaw, to director of community involvement and services volunteer programs; Jesse A. Russell, to maintenance general mechanic, facilities maintenance; Tabitha Haynes, to marketing and data and communications specialist, diversity and inclusion; Robin D. Kennedy, to video communications administrator-PharmD, College of Health and Human Services; Michael G. Hammers, to utility locate coordinator, facilities maintenance; Debra M. Horn, to academic administrative assistant II, modern and classical languages; Miriam W. Burlison, to staff emeritus, modern and classical languages; Donald L. Clark, to custodial supervisor, residence life, housing and dining services; Kristina G. Guinn, to immigration support coordinator, international services; Angela M. Strider, to coordinator residence life, housing and dining Services – facilities and operations, residence life, housing and dining services; Brian J. Hays, to distributed user support specialist, College of Natural and Applied Sciences.
President Clif Smart gave a report.
Provost Frank Einhelligalso gave a report.
Dr. Jim Baker, vice president for research, economic development and international programs, gave a written report on sponsored research activities and international programs.
Dr. Ken Coopwood, vice president for diversity and inclusion, gave a written report.
Dr. Drew Bennett, Missouri State University-West Plains chancellor, reported on activities at the West Plains campus.
Connie Morgan, chairperson of the West Plains Faculty Senate, made a report to the Board.
Darrell Hampsten, president of the West Plains Staff Senate, made a report to the Board.
Dakota Bates, president of the West Plains Student Government Association, made a report to the Board.
David Schneider, student body president, gave a report.
Dr. Dee Siscoe, vice president for student affairs, also gave a report.
Andrea Weber, Staff Senate chair, gave a written report.
Brent Dunn, vice president for university advancement, reported on development activities.
Steve Foucart, interim chief financial officer, gave a report. The Board approved a resolution authorizing and directing the issuance of not to exceed $42,000,000 principal amount of auxiliary enterprise system revenue bonds, Series 2014A, to provide funds to finance additions, renovations, extensions and improvements to the facilities of the auxiliary enterprise system of the university; prescribing the form and details of said bonds and the covenants and agreements made by the university to provide for the payment and security thereof; and prescribing other matters relating thereto.
The Board approved a revised 2014 meeting schedule for the Missouri State University Board of Governors.
The Boardheard a presentation on Higher Learning Commission (HLC) accreditation.
The next Board meeting will take place March 6-7 at the St. Louis Union Station Hotel.


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Mollys Kindheit
English Title: The Good Old Days
This page has been viewed 8 times this month, and 206 times total.
Energee Entertainment, RTV Family Entertainment AG
Katy Manning, Michelle Drake, Nicholas Mckay
Jo-Anne Boag
Shani Hatton, Gerry Travers, John Travers
Linda Curtis, Mark Poole, Kevin Roberts, Simon Hopkins
- 2001
- Energee Entertainment, RTV Family Entertainment AG
- RTV Family Entertainment AG
- Gloria und ihre Familie Episode Guide
- Cartoon Characters: Gloria Nit (Gloria Mitnixx), Beat Nit (Beat Mitnixx), Notta Nit (Notta Mitnixx), Molly Nit (Molly Mitnixx), Wazza Nit (Wazza Mitnixx), Bill, Millicent "Milly" Perfek, Rodney Perfek, Dorothy "Dotty" Perfek, Barry Perfek.
- Vocal Talent: Katy Manning (Gloria Nit, Millicent "Milly" Perfek), Michelle Drake, Nicholas Mckay.
- Directed By Jo-Anne Boag.
- Produced By Shani Hatton.
Executive Producers: Gerry Travers, John Travers. - Written By Linda Curtis, Mark Poole, Kevin Roberts, Simon Hopkins.
Additional Crew:
- Creators: Jo-Anne Boag, Linda Curtist.
Submit Additional Information:
Cartoon Summary:
Millicent is cajoled into taking Gloria and Millicent on a tour of her old holiday haunts.
Cartoon Comments:
Do you love Mollys Kindheit, or do you think it is the worst cartoon ever? Let us know what you think! Surely you have an opinion... so share what you think. Take a minute and post your own comments about this cartoon here.


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DescriptionYOU KNOW YOU'RE A CHICK IN CHARGE WHEN... You know what you want! April Wilson has never been so frustrated in her life--literally! For the past year and a half she hasn't been able to climax during sex, and she's getting desperate. At this point, she's willing to do anything to experience The Big "O" again. Anything! You know how to get it! Photographer Ben Hayes is just the man April needs. From all accounts, April's first love is now a legend in the bedroom, a true artist in all the right ways. If anybody can fix her, April knows Ben can. You keep it as long as you want! It was supposed to be simple. After a short, mutually satisfying fling, April planned to walk away, cured. Only, walking away isn't so easy. Especially since sex with Ben turns out to be so much more than just playing doctor.... |


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Finally a trend that makes us feel warm and fuzzy inside and out. Not quite a fur, not quite a shearling, these new jackets are delightfully cozy and incredibly chic. They are attentiond-grabbing statement pieces that pair as well with jeans and boots as they do with evening dresses. Make like these style-setters and try this new trend for the winter.
Topper Trend: Fuzzy Jackets
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Archive for the 'diesel' tag
Four-Links – Osborn's Oldsmobile, Randy Lanier, Perkins Plymouths, Skyline swap
* If you think the rear end of John Osborn's fiberglass-bodied Oldsmobile looked radical, check out the front end, as seen in the few photos Geoff Hacker of Forgotten Fiberglass and Sondre Kvipt of Kustomrama have managed to piece together.
* With former racing driver Randy Lanier now out of jail, Patrick George at Jalopnik took a look at both his career and the marijuana smuggling operation that financed his racing career and that led to him spending the last quarter century in jail.
(Photo from IMCDB)
* Europeans long appreciated diesel engines in their passenger cars, so a number of American carmakers, in an effort to appease their European customers, put diesel engines where we'd least expect them. Allpar has an article exploring how many Chrysler cars got fitted with oil-burners in the Fifties.
* At first glance, it looks to be a nicely restored Seventies Nissan Skyline, but as Engine Swap Depot pointed out, it not only has an RB26DETT twin-turbocharged dual overhead-camshaft straight-six from a later Nissan Skyline GT-R, it also apparently has the later Skyline's all-wheel-drive system.
* Finally, as Ryan on the Garage Journal pointed out, there's more than one use for vintage Airstream trailers. While this fella converted his into a workshop for repairing saxomophones, we car guys with limited garage space could take a lesson or two from his thoughts about the conversion.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1979 Toyota FJ45 Land Cruiser
The Toyota FJ40 Land Cruiser was once a familiar sight on ranches, trails and parking lots across the United States, but its two-door pickup sibling, the FJ45, was less well known on these shores. That explains why this particular 1979 Toyota FJ45, for sale on Hemmings.com, was imported all the way from Australia.
Equipped with Toyota's H-series, 3.6-liter, inline six-cylinder diesel, the truck delivers 151 pound-feet of torque, yet still returns a respectable 23 MPG, per the owner's description. Though the truck may need some cosmetic attention, its driveline has been restored, and maintenance has been performed regularly, meaning that this Toyota from Down Under probably still has plenty of life left in it. From the seller's description:
1979 HJ-45 RHD Landcruiser flat-deck. H Diesel engine. Clear New Mexico Title
Imported from the Malabar Plains of Australia in March of 2007. One owner in New Mexico (self) since importation. Mileage declared upon importation (not verified as pre-1980 odometers were only in the 10′s of thousand miles/kilometers) was 166,000 kilometers. I switched out the odometer to a new Toyota miles one and have since then put approximately 8,000 miles on the truck since. Truck has been kept in a garage since importation when not in use.
Truck comes with a removable rear cage with waxed canvas cover. Sides fold up. Also included are removable bed steel/wood rails. Water tank and compressed air tank underneath bed.
I have since overseen a meticulous drive-train restoration of the vehicle. Work receipts and importation paperwork supplied with sale. Work completed:
New seals on transmission. Transfer case overhauled: replaced all bearings, gaskets and seals. Replaced clutch, replaced rear crankshaft seal, flywheel resurfaced, adjusted parking brake with new parts. New slave cylinder. New starter motor + started relay installed (Aztec Auto Santa Fe).
Replaced front axle seals and knuckle gaskets/seals. Cleaned and repacked birfield joints, knuckles and wheel bearings. Replaced knuckle bearings and wheel bearings. All tie rod ends replaced and greased (Aztec Auto Santa Fe).
Brake master cylinder rebuilt, flushed and bled brake system, replaced all fuel injectors, replaced fuel filter, bled fuel lines. (Aztec Auto Santa Fe).
Replaced rear wheel bearings, packed with new grease and adjusted, broken axle/hub studs replaced, replaced inner and outer axle seals, new battery. (Aztec Auto Santa Fe).
Rebuilt rear differential: new gears, bearings and seals. Trailer light wiring installed and brake control unit. New brake drum pads installed, drum parts checked and adjusted. (Ricky Baca Santa Fe).
New glowplugs installed, new glowplug relay installed, new glowplug controller installed, reconditioned oil filter canister installed, engine valves adjusted, new valve cover gasket installed, trailer hitch custom welded and installed, new temperature sending unit installed. (Done by me personally).
Additionally, all fluids have been replaced and oil changed at regular intervals. Truck runs and drive great. Smokes while starting and until engine is warm which is totally normal for this model diesel (no emission control). Mileage is approximately 23-27 per gallon. Paint I think is original, needs attention in two spots, number one: on roof along part of gutter (this is the only place on the vehicle with a small bondo patch), number two: below driver's door, small dent with no bondo.
View past picks: Hemmings Find of the Day Archive
Find more Toyotas for sale on Hemmings.com.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1982 Mercedes-Benz 240D
Mercedes Benz built its iron-clad W123 series cars from 1975 to 1986, amassing a fleet worldwide just shy of 2.7 million vehicles. Most of those cars (about 2.4 million) were standard wheelbase sedans like this 1982 Mercedes-Benz 240D, for sale on Hemmings.com, while 199,517 were wagons and 99,884 were coupes.
Oil burners were the most popular with buyers — which included a lot of taxi and fleet operators — and the stingy 2.4-liter four in the 240D led the charge for M-B diesels powering 448,986 sedans. By 1982 however, the OM617 3-liter, five-cylinder turbodiesel was gaining ground, particularly here in the states, where it powered fully half of all Mercedes-Benzes sold.
Mercedes expected owners to get hundreds of thousands of miles out of their light diesels without a major overhaul and these cars really are reliable if properly looked after. Due to the 30 pounds of vinyl undercoating applied to the underside of every one, they're not as prone to the rust problems that plagued other cars of this vintage and, with parts still available from Mercedes-Benz dealers as well as a myriad of other sources, W123 series Benzes are endlessly rebuildable.
In traffic, W 123 diesels, even the turbodiesels, feel lazy pitted against modern fuel-injected gasoline powered vehicles with variable valve timing and five, six, seven and eight speed transmissions. But all out on the highway, the Benz's Autobahn breeding becomes very apparent: these cars seem more stable, smooth and quiet at 75 mph than at 35 mph.
This particular example, complete with a no-nonsense four-speed manual gearbox and crank windows, is located in our home state of Vermont, where W123s are quite popular. We'd want to check beneath the hood, and perhaps review the car's maintenance history, but at first glance the diesel sedan looks like it's ready for a long-distance roadtrip today. From the seller's description:
MERCEDES-BENZ: 1982 240D, dark red/tan interior, sunroof, manual trans, looks and runs like new, never seen a winter road and always lovingly maintained, $8,000.
View past picks: Hemmings Find of the Day Archive
Find more Mercedes-Benzes for sale on Hemmings.com.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1957 Flxible Starliner
It doesn't seem that vintage motorhome enthusiasts have as much of a problem with repowering their old rigs as do car collectors: After all, the whole point of owning an old motorhome is to get it out on the road and keep it running reliably in order to see the passing countryside. So it's no big deal that this 1957 Flxible Starliner for sale on Hemmings.com now gets its umph from a Cummins turbodiesel, one of a host of modern upgrades in this gizmo-laden house on wheels. From the seller's description:
What sets this apart from the few that exist, is its exceptional condition. Starliners are some of the most scarce and sought aft of all Flxibles, even more unusual is to find one with the factory raised roof and eyebrow windows. The interior has a yacht influence with white colors, radiused corners, and mahogany trim. A diesel generator, ice cold (hidden) AC, complete galley, private bathroom, and twin beds, make going to events or just camping a joy. The ride, handling and performance have to be experienced to be believed. Flxible, along with BF Goodrich developed the "Torsolastic" rubber torsion bar suspension which is used front and rear, the front being fully independent. This suspension provides an exceptionally smooth ride and spirited cornering, that does not produce sway or lean. A modern Cummins ISC turbo diesel and automatic Allison 6 speed, double overdrive transmission provide a top speed well of over 80 mph. Inspections and demo rides are encouraged and welcomed. This coach has a known history from new and is well documented.
Location: Easley, South Carolina
Status: No Longer Available
View past picks: Hemmings Find of the Day Archive
See more RVs and trailers for sale on Hemmings.com.
Four-Links – Vette in a box, Cutlass resto nightmare, twin-turbo Fox-body, diesel Fiero
* There's two sides to the old car hobby: Those who drive their cars and those who don't. On the one hand, you want to take them out and show them off. On the other hand, there's always the danger of getting a ding or scratch. Unless, that, is, you're Hank Graff, whose son recently gave him a 1954 Chevrolet Corvette displayed like a 1/18-scale model car – in a box with transparent sides.
* A less cheerful father-son old car story comes this week from AZCentral (via Jalopnik), which reported on Mario Caperon losing the 1963 Oldsmobile Cutlass convertible that he and his son were restoring. Previously stolen, a DMV error put the Cutlass back into circulation before Caperon bought it; however, a friend of the guy who it was stolen from spotted it, alerted authorities, and then ended up with it – and without having to pay Caperon for the work he and his son already put into the car.
* Knowing that Chevrolet had the Corvette ZR-1 in the works, Ford's SVO group wanted to build a car that would be half the ZR-1′s price with the ability to outrun it. The car they dreamed up looked pretty much like any other Fox-body Mustang, but concealed a twin-turbo 5.8L V-8. Reportedly, it didn't enter production because they couldn't find a transmission to hold up behind that engine. (via)
* It sounds like a tractor and it spews black smoke out the exhaust. That's because this 1988 Pontiac Fiero has been fitted with a 1.9L diesel from a 2000 Jetta TDI.
* Finally, the Renault Espace – a minivan denied to Americans but renowned in Europe – turns 30 this year.
Four-Links – mini Mercedeseseses, Cummins-powered Packard, the year they stole a Dakar car, abandoned Russian factory
* How can one man own every model Mercedes ever built? Easy: He owns every (scale) model Mercedes ever built. What's more, Mihail Neagu has taken to photographing them all, Michael Paul Smith style, and creating tiny people to populate his 1/18-scale worlds. (via)
* As we noted a few years ago, Clessie Cummins, in his efforts to get automakers to adopt diesel power, installed a Model U diesel engine into a 1920s Packard. Over at The Old Motor, Gene Herman recently posted some more information and photos of that exact diesel Packard.
* If you've been following the Dakar this year, you'll note the usual amount of misadventure. What you likely won't see, however, is the lead competitor's vehicle stolen, but that's exactly what happened in 1988, as Andy Hallbery wrote this week on Motorsport Retro.
* For a supposed abandoned Soviet-era automobile factory, the unspecified ZIS/ZIL one that English Russia recently posted photos of looks rather well kept.
* Finally, our research on opposed-piston engines this past week led us to many more examples of those strange and uncommon creatures as well as a history on the type by Edgar T. Westbury at ModelEngineNews.
Ransom Eli Olds and the supercharged two-stroke diesel
As truck manufacturers in the United States began to adopt diesel engines in the early to mid-1930s, partly thanks to the popularization efforts of Clessie Cummins, so did they also begin to realize their limitations, particularly their colossal weight and their need for efficient scavenging. Proposed fixes for those issues came from all quadrants, but few of them as illustrious as one of the pioneers of the automobile, Ransom E. Olds.
Olds, as we all know, tinkered with steam cars and gasoline cars in the 1890s, eventually leading to the formation of Oldsmobile in 1897. His time with Olds, however, proved shorter than his time with Reo, which he founded in 1904 to build cars and, later, trucks ranging in size from 1/2 ton to 4 tons and even buses. By the late 1930s, Reo's truck competition moved toward diesels, but Reo staunchly remained committed to gasoline engines through this time, which is not to say that Reo – or, at least, Olds himself – didn't at least toss around some ideas about diesel engines.
The first such idea, as we can see from Olds's patent (2099371), filed in August 1934, sought to address the weight of diesel engines by radically changing their configuration. Rather than the traditional vertical single-piston-per-cylinder configuration, Olds conceived a horizontal two-piston-per-cylinder single-crankshaft two-stroke direct-injection diesel engine that used hefty rocker arms to transfer the motion of the pistons to the crankshaft. The fuel injector would be located in the center of the cylinder, intake and exhaust ports would be located at opposite ends of the cylinders, and each pair of opposed pistons in a cylinder would be timed 15 degrees apart to keep the exhaust and intake ports opening at different times. The advantage of such a configuration, Olds argued, comes in its compactness, reduced weight, and reduced cost of manufacture:
A further advantageous feature of this invention which contributes materially to reducing the weight of the engine without sacrificing rigidity resides in the novel means provided for relieving the cylinder block and associated parts of the engine from the stresses resulting from the relatively high compression pressures developed in the cylinders.
Olds didn't assign his patent to Reo, as one would expect. Instead, he assigned it to Hill Diesel Engine Company of Lansing, a company that he bought in 1924 that built diesels for marine and generator applications. And if the opposed-piston single-crankshaft diesel configuration looks familiar, that's because it apparently originated with Sulzer Brothers, a Swiss diesel engine manufacturer that seems to have licensed the engine design (ZG9) to Hill. The same Sulzer ZG9 also apparently provided inspiration (whether licensed or not, we have yet to determine) to British firm Tilling-Stevens, which designed its own opposed-piston diesel that Rootes put into production as the TS-3, commonly known as the "Knocker," powering Commer trucks during the 1950s and 1960s.
Hill reportedly put its opposed-piston diesel into production powering generators and in other stationary applications, though whether it was purely Sulzer's design or Olds's design (and how much the two differed) we also have yet to determine.
Olds was granted his opposed-piston diesel patent in November 1937, and though he was a year retired from Reo by that time, he apparently continued to remain involved with Hill, as we see from what appears to be the last of Olds's dozens of patents. Filed in January 1939, US Patent 2230308 also depicts a diesel-type engine, but this time Olds set about improving how diesels breathe.
Instead of using an auxiliary engine pump, supercharger, or turbocharger to fill the pistons of a two-stroke diesel engine, as Olds, Sulzer and Commer specified for the opposed-piston engine, Olds believed that he could piggyback on the motion of the crankshaft with two-stage stepped pistons – one stage for normal power production, the other for compressing incoming air for a neighboring cylinder. That is, he essentially designed a built-in supercharger. "The construction is simple, avoiding the necessity of a separate supercharger and doing away with cam shaft gears, cam shafts, and cams," he wrote.
Olds, who was granted the patent in February 1941, assigned this one to himself, so presumably he had disassociated himself from Hill by this time. Despite his claimed advantages, we have yet to see any evidence of stepped-piston engines put into production.
Ransom E. Olds died in August 1950. Though it had experimented with diesel engines during Olds's time with the company, Reo didn't install diesel engines in its production trucks until the late 1950s.
Four-Links – auto shop Buick resto, 1929 L.A. auto show fire, auto advent, cross-country Cummins
* We always enjoy hearing about high school auto shop classes taking on restoration projects, like the one at Bettendorf High School in Bettendorf, Iowa, focused on teacher Joe Phillips's 1928 Buick, a car that his grandfather once owned.
* The New York Times had a brief story this week on the 1929 Los Angeles Auto Show fire that burned every car in that year's show to a crisp.
* Stefan Marjoram's back with his Auto Advent car sketch series this year.
* Clessie Cummins may not have been as successful as he imagined at getting his diesel engines under the hoods of race cars or passenger cars, but he did convince the trucking industry to switch from gasoline to diesel engines, thanks in large part to his 1932 cross-country bus trip as highlighted this week by The Old Motor.
* Finally, what the Segway could have used all along – a Vespa appearance kit.
Hemmings Find of the Day – 1982 Mercedes-Benz 300D
Mercedes-Benz diesels and turbodiesels generally have a bulletproof reputation for reliability, which is why the cars enjoy legions of fans around the world. It's not uncommon to see 300 series diesel models with 300,000 miles on them, which is one of the things that makes this 1982 Mercedes-Benz 300D sedan for sale on Hemmings.com so attractive. It has a claimed 77,000 miles on the odometer, which, by diesel standards, isn't even close to broken in. The car has reportedly led a pampered life, and its overall interior and exterior condition seem to substantiate that claim. Though not quite a concours-condition car, it appears as if this 300D is a better-than-average daily driver with decades of life left in it. From the seller's description:
My car looks just as clean as the gorgeous pictures. The body/paint/interior are all gorgeous. The mileage is an Original factory 77k Miles. Which as you all Im sure know is super rare to find and is super low mileage for these W123. There is no rust/rot on the body as you can clearly see in the pictures. The car runs/drives very nicely. It never feels like your driving a 1982. Feels a lot newer, ofcourse because of the low mileage use. You can just sit in it and when you start and drive, it feels like its only a few years old. Ive owned a lof these W123 Diesels. This is by far the smoothest/cleanest one Ive owned. I purchased it about 3 years ago, from the main family who owned it. It was an elderly gentleman, who always had it garaged. Its never seen snow or winters. The tires/brakes are in real nice shape. The Air conditioner was converted a few years back to the R134 Complete system. New ac compressor/etc. Fully converted. It was about $2500. The radio was also replaced with a more reliable clear sounding Pioneer, with all new speakers in the car since it was original from 1982. I still have the original Becker Cassette radio. The car was very well kept. In the few years Ive owned, I only babied it and barely put any miles on it. I dont have the capacity to keep anymore. Im sure the next owner will get years of fun usuge out of it. Between starting at it in the garage, with their mouth watering or driving it, and turn heads on the street. How clean and original it looks. You will be getting compliments all the time. And the color is very sheik/exotic, rather than the convetional silver and black ones.
Find more Mercedes-Benzes for sale on Hemmings.com.
Four-Links – Leno and the Shark, Cummins at Indy, Sensuous Steel, street freak Challenger
* Our Forgotten Fiberglass friend Geoff Hacker and his Renault-powered Shark fiberglass car appeared on Jay Leno's Garage this week. Worth a view.
* Cummins put together this neat timeline and history of the diesel engine manufacturer's Indy 500 involvement.
* The Old Motor this week included some photos of the Frist Center for the Visual Arts's Sensuous Steel art deco automobiles exhibit.
* Seventies street freak style has been making a comeback lately, but we'd never have expected to see this Magic Powder Dodge Challenger pop up in Japan.
* Then again, as this photo that Jesse at justacarguy turned up this week, that Challenger isn't the only muscular Mopar in the land of the rising sun.


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Free Photo Archive of over 30,000 vintage photographs. Find people and the places were they lived. Search for your surnames. Find photos of your ancestors. Make connections with genealogy cousins. Add your family's photos. |
Dvorchak Family
Dvorchak Family from Uppermiddletown, Fayette County, PA
Front row, Michael Jr., Michael Dvorchak and wife Anne, Martin, Edward
Second row, Anna, Steven, Paul, Joseph and Margaret
To make this photo larger, click on the word "original" above.