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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Carbon Emissions: Petroleum Refining Industry
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Energy-Related Carbon Emissions for the Petroleum and Coal Products Industry, 1994. Petroleum refining is by far the largest component of the petroleum and ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Petroleum Refining Industry Petroleum Refining Industry Carbon Emissions in the Petroleum Refining Industry The Industry at a Glance, 1994 (SIC Code: 2911) Total Energy-Related Emissions: 79.9 million metric tons of carbon (MMTC) -- Pct. of All Manufacturers: 21.5% -- Nonfuel Emissions: 16.5 MMTC Total First Use of Energy: 6,263 trillion Btu -- Pct. of All Manufacturers: 28.9% Nonfuel Use of Energy Sources: 3,110 trillion Btu (49.7%) -- Naphthas and Other Oils: 1,328 trillion Btu -- Asphalt and Road Oil: 1,224 trillion Btu -- Lubricants: 416 trillion Btu Carbon Intensity: 12.75 MMTC per quadrillion Btu Energy Information Administration, "1994 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey", "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1994, and Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1998.
Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Petroleum Refining Industry
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Chemical Manufacturing and Petroleum Refining Industries.Saving Opportunities for Petroleum Refineries. An ENERGYAdministration (EIA), 2002. Petroleum Supply Annual 2001,
Worrell, Ernst; Galitsky, Christina
Table 24. Refining Industry Energy Consumption
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
- Corrections to Tables 24 to 32 - Corrections to Tables 24 to 32 Table 24. Refining Industry Energy Consumption 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2002- 2025 Carbon Dioxide Emissions 4/ (million metric tons) 190.4 185.7 188.0 191.3 207.3 215.6 220.0 222.8 225.1 226.3 228.0 230.7 234.1 237.5 238.5 239.4 239.4 238.6 240.6 240.5 242.2 244.2 245.9 246.3 246.6 1.2% Table 25. Food Industry Energy Consumption 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2002- 2025 Carbon Dioxide Emissions 3/ (million metric tons) 87.8 89.4 87.5 87.8 89.2 90.2 90.9 91.4 92.2 93.5 94.5 95.7 96.7 97.7 98.6 99.6 100.8 101.9 102.9 104.1 105.4 107.0 108.7 110.3 112.1 1.0% Table 26. Paper Industry Energy Consumption 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Global refining industry preparing for future
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
About 2.1 million b/sd of crude distillation capacity is now under construction or considered likely to be built, more than 80% of which is concentrated in Asia and the Middle East. An overview of global refining centers will illustrate technological trends and the emergence of developing economies, particularly those in the Asia/Pacific region. About 50% of the refineries in the US and Western Europe have capacities greater than 200,000 b/d. Figure 1 lists the capacities and relative conversion capabilities of the world refining centers. The paper discusses bottoms conversion, regulations, investment, grassroots plans, and refinery capacities in the US, Western Europe, Eastern Europe/FSU, Middle East, Asia/Pacific region, and South America/Caribbean.
Martin, T.W. [Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Houston, TX (United States)
Ladle Refining Furnaces for the Steel Industry
There has been a tremendous interest in the use of ladle refining furnaces in the last few years. Several units have been or are being constructed in the United States and most steel companies are seriously considering installing them. The purpose of this report is to inform the member companies of EPRI of the development and operations of ladle furnaces and to assist steel companies in determining if ladle furnaces fit their goals and which particular unit would be best for their operation. In this repo...
The US petroleum refining industry in the 1980's
SciTech Connect
As part of the EIA program on petroleum, The US Petroleum Refining Industry in the 1980's, presents a historical analysis of the changes that took place in the US petroleum refining industry during the 1980's. It is intended to be of interest to analysts in the petroleum industry, state and federal government officials, Congress, and the general public. The report consists of six chapters and four appendices. Included is a detailed description of the major events and factors that affected the domestic refining industry during this period. Some of the changes that took place in the 1980's are the result of events that started in the 1970's. The impact of these events on US refinery configuration, operations, economics, and company ownership are examined. 23 figs., 11 tabs.
Not Available
Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Petroleum RefiningIndustry
Information has proven to be an important barrier inindustrial energy efficiency improvement. Voluntary government programsaim to assist industry to improve energy efficiency by supplyinginformation on opportunities. ENERGY STAR(R) supports the development ofstrong strategic corporate energy management programs, by providingenergy management information tools and strategies. This paper summarizesENERGY STAR research conducted to develop an Energy Guide for thePetroleum Refining industry. Petroleum refining in the United States isthe largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually every economicsector, including the transport sector and the chemical industry.Refineries spend typically 50 percent of the cash operating costs (e.g.,excluding capital costs and depreciation) on energy, making energy amajor cost factor and also an important opportunity for cost reduction.The petroleum refining industry consumes about 3.1 Quads of primaryenergy, making it the single largest industrial energy user in the UnitedStates. Typically, refineries can economically improve energy efficiencyby 20 percent. The findings suggest that given available resources andtechnology, there are substantial opportunities to reduce energyconsumption cost-effectively in the petroleum refining industry whilemaintaining the quality of the products manufactured.
Solar energy and the oil refining industry
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This paper surveys process heat requirements of the major petroleum refinery processes. Previous studies have overestimated requirements for process heat at high temperatures. About 22% of the process heat in a refinery is consumed below 550/sup 0/F; 62.5% is consumed between 550/sup 0/ and 1100/sup 0/F. A refinery gets about 40% of its total energy supply, and 50% of its process heat, from natural gas and fuel oil. Technological constraints limit the use of alternatives such as coal or solar energy to processes operating below 700/sup 0/F (about 25% of process heat requirements). Curtailments of natural gas supplies and advances in bottom of the barrel oil processing technology will produce strong incentives to develop alternatives to the burning of liquid fuels for low-temperature processes. Energy from coal or solar radiation is most appropriately generated at a central facility to heat a heat transfer fluid, which is then heat exchanged with the process medium. The same process could also produce steam. The cost of installing coal-burning equipment can be up to eight times the cost of the equivalent gas or oil-burning facility. The major obstacle ot the use of coal is environmental. An analysis of a central-receiver solar system, without storage, and sized to deliver a maximum of 25% of process heat needs, indicates that 4.1% of refinery fuel needs could be displaced. For the entire industry, this is equivalent to 57,000 BPD of fuel oil. If long-term cost goals are achieved, capital expenditures to realize these savings would amount to $6.5 billion.
May, E.K.
Changing Trends in the Refining Industry (released in AEO2006)
Reports and Publications (EIA)
There have been some major changes in the U.S. refining industry recently, prompted in part by a significant decline in the quality of imported crude oil and by increasing restrictions on the quality of finished products. As a result, high-quality crudes, such as the WTI crude that serves as a benchmark for oil futures on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), have been trading at record premiums to the OPEC Basket price.
Information Center
Cogeneration handbook for the petroleum refining industry. [Contains glossary
The decision of whether to cogenerate involves several considerations, including technical, economic, environmental, legal, and regulatory issues. Each of these issues is addressed separately in this handbook. In addition, a chapter is included on preparing a three-phase work statement, which is needed to guide the design of a cogeneration system. In addition, an annotated bibliography and a glossary of terminology are provided. Appendix A provides an energy-use profile of the petroleum refining industry. Appendices B through O provide specific information that will be called out in subsequent chapters.
Fassbender, L.L.; Garrett-Price, B.A.; Moore, N.L.; Fassbender, A.G.; Eakin, D.E.; Gorges, H.A.
Energy efficiency in the South Africa crude oil refining industry drivers, barriers and opportunities.
??Includes abstract. This study has explored a range of barriers, drivers and opportunities to improving energy performance in the South African crude oil refining industry,� (more)
Bergh, Caitlin.
Federal/Industry Development of Energy-Conserving Technologies for the Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries
Argonne National Laboratory has started a program to identify future RD&D projects that (i) promise cost-effective savings of scarce fuels in the chemical and petroleum refining industries, (ii) are not likely to be pursued by industry alone. This program, sponsored by the Office of Industrial Programs of DOE, defines technology needs from an industry viewpoint, so that recommended projects will complement industry's efforts and result in technologies for which there are clearly identifiable markets. The search for RD&D projects is currently focusing in the following technology categories: (i) reduction of fouling in cooling water systems, (ii) alternatives to conventional distillation and separation, (iii) low level waste heat recovery, (iv) advanced concepts in furnaces and boilers, (v) coal utilization, and (vi) advanced concepts in conversion and processing. The future direction of the program will continue to be dictated largely by industry needs.
Alston, T. G.; Humphrey, J. L.
Aspects of Western Refining, Inc.'s Proposed Acquisition of Giant Industries, Inc.
Presentation of company-level, non-proprietary data and relevant aggregate data for U.S. refinery capacity and gasoline marketing of Western Refining and Giant Industries to inform discussions of Western Refining Inc.'s proposed acquisition of Giant Industries Inc. for a total of $1.5 billion, which was announced August 28, 2006.
Neal Davis
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
| P | P a g e MEASURING IMPROVEMENT IN THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF THE U.S. CORN REFINING INDUSTRY SPONSORED BY THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AS PART OF THE ENERGY STAR® PROGRAM GALE A. BOYD AND CHRISTIAN DELGADO DUKE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS BOX 90097, DURHAM, NC 27708 JULY 10, 2012 2 | P a g e MEASURING IMPROVEMENT IN THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF THE U.S. CORN REFINING INDUSTRY CONTENTS Figures .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Tables ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
An Assessment of carbon reduction technology opportunities in the petroleum refining industry.
The refining industry is a major source of CO{sub 2} emissions in the industrial sector and therefore in the future can expect to face increasing pressures to reduce emission levels. The energy used in refining is impacted by market dictates, crude quality, and environmental regulations. While the industry is technologically advanced and relatively efficient opportunities nevertheless exist to reduce energy usage and CO{sub 2} emissions. The opportunities will vary from refinery to refinery and will necessarily have to be economically viable and compatible with each refiner's strategic plans. Recognizing the many factors involved, a target of 15-20% reduction in CO{sub 2} emissions from the refining sector does not appear to be unreasonable, assuming a favorable investment climate.
Petrick, M.
Opportunities for Petroleum Refineries. An ENERGY STAR�and the chemical industry. Refineries spend typically 50% ofStates. Typically, refineries can economically improve
Preliminary data summary for the used-oil reclamation and re-refining industry
The summaries contain data about industrial facilities in various industries discharging pollutants in their wastewaters and considers whether the EPA should pursue regulations to control such discharges. The summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to respond to the mandate of Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act. Summaries for categories already subject to rulemaking were developed for comparison purposes. The report is part of the process by which EPA is considering what management standards may be appropriate for the recycling of used oil, in response to the requirements mandated by these Acts. The study has attempted to characterize and profile the Oil Reclaimer/Re-Refining Industry. The goals of this preliminary effort were to: conduct a literature review, perform an industry profile, site visit re-refiners, screen sample re-refiners, and develop a Preliminary Data Summary.
Troy, K.
Human Health Risk Assessment for Petroleum Refining Industry of the Remaining Air Toxics after MACT I Emissions Reductions.
??Inhalation risks on human health for hazardous air pollutants emitted from MACT I petroleum refining industry were determined using EPA HEM-3 Program. Methodology included compiling� (more)
Roa, Nadia C.
The effects of air pollution regulations on the US refining industry. Task 3
Numerous air pollution regulations affecting petroleum refineries recently have been promulgated, have been proposed, or are under consideration at the federal, state, and local level. As shown in Figure ES-1, all of these environmental regulations are intended to take effect over the relatively short time period from 1989 through 1995. In the aggregate these regulatory activities have significant implications for the US refining industry and the Nation, including: Major investment requirements; changes in industry profitability; potential closure of some refineries; and potential changes in crude oil or product import dependence. At issue is whether the cumulative effect of these regulations could so adversely affect the US refining industry that US national security would be affected. In addition to the regulations outlined in Figure ES-1, President Bush recently presented a major new plan to improve the nation`s air quality. The aspects of the President`s plan that could strongly affect US refineries are summarized below.
Analyzing the oil refining industry in developing countries: A comparative study of China and India
The oil refining industry is a critical link in the energy chain in many developing and industrialized countries, transforming crude oil into transport fuels (gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel), residual fuel oil (widely used as a fuel in industry and the electric power sector), and other products such as kerosine, frequently for lighting an cooking usages. Three to four decades ago, the demand for oil products in most developing countries was centered to a few large cities; thus, few refineries were built in these regions. But because of the astonishing economic growth in many developing nations, demand for oil products has increased rapidly. As a result, the refining industry has expanded rapidly in such countries, even in cases were there is no domestic crude oil production. Oil product demand and refinery expansion in Asian developing countries in particular have experienced significant growth. Between 1976 and 1993, oil product demand and refinery capacity in that region (excluding Japan) increased annually an average of 5.2 percent and 4.3 percent, respectively, whereas the comparable figures for the world as a whole remained virtually unchanged during the same period. The substantial gains in Asia`s crude oil production in the 1970s is believed to have facilitated this refinery expansion.
Tang, F.C.
Steam System Opportunity Assessment for the Pulp and Paper, Chemical Manufacturing, and Petroleum Refining Industries: Main Report
This report assesses steam generation and use in the pulp and paper, chemical, and petroleum refining industries, and estimates the potential for energy savings from implementation of steam system performance and efficiency improvements.
Development of a performance-based industrial energy efficiency indicator for corn refining plants.
Organizations that implement strategic energy management programs have the potential to achieve sustained energy savings if the programs are carried out properly. A key opportunity for achieving energy savings that plant managers can take is to determine an appropriate level of energy performance by comparing their plant's performance with that of similar plants in the same industry. Manufacturing facilities can set energy efficiency targets by using performance-based indicators. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its ENERGY STAR{reg_sign} program, has been developing plant energy performance indicators (EPIs) to encourage a variety of U.S. industries to use energy more efficiently. This report describes work with the corn refining industry to provide a plant-level indicator of energy efficiency for facilities that produce a variety of products--including corn starch, corn oil, animal feed, corn sweeteners, and ethanol--for the paper, food, beverage, and other industries in the United States. Consideration is given to the role that performance-based indicators play in motivating change; the steps needed to develop indicators, including interacting with an industry to secure adequate data for an indicator; and the actual application and use of an indicator when complete. How indicators are employed in the EPA's efforts to encourage industries to voluntarily improve their use of energy is discussed as well. The report describes the data and statistical methods used to construct the EPI for corn refining plants. Individual equations are presented, as are the instructions for using them in an associated Excel spreadsheet.
Boyd, G. A.; Decision and Information Sciences; USEPA
Representation of Energy Use in the Food Products Industry
Traditional representations of energy in the manufacturing sector have tended to represent energy end-uses rather than actual energy service demands. While this representation if quite adequate for understanding how energy is used today, for forecasting future technology choices it is creates a rigid representation of how future energy is used. This representation can restrict the range of technology choices considered, particularly for fuel switching and on-site conversion processes such as combined heat and power (CHP). This paper discusses the differences between energy end-uses and service demands, proposes an approach for approximating service demands and discusses the ramifications of this alternative representation to energy modeling. An example for food products manufacturing (NAICS 311) is provided as an example.
Elliott, N. R.
the paper, glass or ceramics industry) making it difficulttechnology in the ceramic manufacturing industry. industries: iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals (including fertilisers), petroleum refining, minerals (cement, lime, glass and ceramics) and
Bernstein, Lenny
The potential impact of proposed hazardous air pollutant legislation on the US refining industry. Final report, Task 9
The Administration has recently submitted a Clean Air Act Bill to Congress which would significantly modify the regulatory treatment of industrial hazardous air pollutants (air toxics). The adverse economic impacts of this legislation on the petroleum refining industry could be substantial. Depending on how EPA interprets the legislative language, the capital costs of compliance for the proposed bill could range from $1.3 to $15.0 billion. At the upper end of the range, costs of this order of magnitude would be over 2.5 times larger than the combined estimated cost of EPAs gasoline volatility (RVP) regulations and the proposed diesel sulfur content regulations. Potential compliance costs could be as much as $0.40 per barrel processed for large, complex refineries and as much as $0.50 per barrel for some small, simple refineries. For perspective, total refining costs, including a normal return on investment, are $4--5 per barrel. Because foreign refineries supplying the US will not be affected by the US air toxics regulations, US refineries may not be able to raise prices sufficiently to recover their compliance costs. For this reason, the air toxic legislation may put US refineries at an economic disadvantage relative to foreign competitors. Even under the best petroleum product market conditions, costs of $0.40 to $0.50 per barrel processed could reduce US Gulf refiner cash operating margins by as much as 29 percent. Under less favorable market conditions, such as the mid-80`s when refiners were losing money, the hazardous air pollutant regulations could greatly increase US refiner operating losses and potentially lead to closure of some marginal refineries.
Rate of Industrial Conservation - Petroleum Refining, Chemicals and Pulp and Paper Manufacture
This paper considers three related questions: 1) What are the primary economic driving forces which determine the rate of industrial energy conservation? 2) How much industrial energy conservation has been achieved over 1972-1973 levels? 3) What are the goals and expectations for decreases in industrial energy use during the next 10-20 years? The specific energy consumption (SEC) of a plant or industry, measured in BTU of fuel used/ton of product produced, can be used to monitor the energy conserved. The rate of SEC reduction is a function of five primary variables: the potential for reduction of the SEC, the unit cost of fuel, the capital available for implementation of conservation measures, the quantity of fuel available, and the availability: of equipment to implement needed conservation measures. A mathematical-economic model is proposed for the decrease in energy use, and permits calculation of dollars saved also. Conclusions from the study are: 1) Potential savings were estimated as 20-31% of 1972 levels; through 1978 a 13-20% actual reduction in energy use has been achieved. 2) The additional can be realized by; 1982 by "strong action", or by 1987 by "moderate action". To date moderate action has been taken. 3) Overall energy conservation pays out rapidly - dollars saved return dollars invested many fold!
Prengle, H. W. Jr.; Golden, S. A.
Steam System Opportunity Assessment for the Pulp and Paper, Chemical Manufacturing, and Petroleum Refining Industries: Main Report and Appendices (CD-ROM)
The main report on this CD assesses steam generation and use in the pulp and paper, chemical, and petroleum refining industries, and estimates the potential for energy savings from implementation of steam system performace and efficiency improvements. The Appendices on this CD provide supporting information for the analyses and provides and recommendations for assessing the effectiveness of the U.S. Department of Energy BestPractices Steam Program.
Roar of the Thunder Dragon: the Bhutanese Audio-visual Industry and the Shaping and Representation of Contemporary Culture
Roar of the Thunder Dragon: The Bhutanese Audio-visual Industry and the Shaping and Representation of Contemporary Culture Tshewang Dendup? A Bhutanese journalist recently remarked that these days, the phones don�t ring, they sing. And when... , through the support of the BCCI has approached the Ministry of Works and Human Settlement for the allocation of theater space in the urban areas. The MPAB has already received applications from Bumthang and Chukha. Piracy Tobgye of Mila Communications...
Dendup, Tshewang
Refining of shale oil
The refining of shale oil is reviewed to assess the current state-of-the-art, especially as to the avaiability of technology suitable for operation on a commercial scale. Oil shale retorting processes as they affect the quality of the crude shale oil for refining, exploratory research on the character and refining of shale oil, and other published refining background leading to the present status are discussed. The initial refining of shale oil requires the removal of a large concentration of nitrogen, an added step not required for typical petroleum crude oils, and recently published estimates show that the total cost of refining will be high. Specific technoloy is reported by industry to be technically proven and available for commercial-scale refining. Although the refining will be more costly than that of petroleum, the viability of a shale oil industry will also be affected greatly by the technology and costs of producing the crude shale oil, environmental costs, and future price and tax treatment, and these are outside the scope of this study of refining.
Lanning, W.C.
Refining Cups
For use with AOCS Official Method Ca-9a 52. Refining Cups Lab Supplies Lab Supplies Series Methods Refining Cup - 960 mL For use with AOCS Official Method Ca-9a 52. E5323FF88E60507DAA8DE2F0F507CB97 014 1878
Analysis of the industrial sector representation in the Fossil2 energy-economic model
The Fossil2 energy-economic model is used by the US Department of Energy (DOE) for a variety of energy and environmental policy analyses. A number of improvements to the model are under way or are being considered. This report was prepared by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to provide a clearer understanding of the current industrial sector module of Fossil2 and to explore strategies for improving it. The report includes a detailed description of the structure and decision logic of the industrial sector module, along with results from several simulation exercises to demonstrate the behavior of the module in different policy scenarios and under different values of key model parameters. The cases were run with the Fossil2 model at PNL using the National Energy Strategy Actions Case of 1991 as the point of departure. The report also includes a discussion of suggested industrial sector module improvements. These improvements include changes in the way the current model is used; on- and off-line adjustments to some of the model's parameters; and significant changes to include more detail on the industrial processes, technologies, and regions of the country being modeled. The potential benefits and costs of these changes are also discussed.
Wise, M.A.; Woodruff, M.G.; Ashton, W.B.
The Fossil2 energy-economic model is used by the US Department of Energy (DOE) for a variety of energy and environmental policy analyses. A number of improvements to the model are under way or are being considered. This report was prepared by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to provide a clearer understanding of the current industrial sector module of Fossil2 and to explore strategies for improving it. The report includes a detailed description of the structure and decision logic of the industrial sector module, along with results from several simulation exercises to demonstrate the behavior of the module in different policy scenarios and under different values of key model parameters. The cases were run with the Fossil2 model at PNL using the National Energy Strategy Actions Case of 1991 as the point of departure. The report also includes a discussion of suggested industrial sector module improvements. These improvements include changes in the way the current model is used; on- and off-line adjustments to some of the model`s parameters; and significant changes to include more detail on the industrial processes, technologies, and regions of the country being modeled. The potential benefits and costs of these changes are also discussed.
Worldwide refining
Data are presented on refining capacity by country and by company within each country. Capacity data are divided into the following processes: vacuum distillation, thermal operations, catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, catalytic hydrocracking, catalytic hydrorefining, and catalytic hydrotreating. Production capacity is divided into: alkylation/polymerization/dimerization; aromatics/isomerization; lubricants; oxygenates; hydrogen; petroleum coke; and asphalts.
Grain Refining Aluminum Alloys
He has had responsibility within Alcoa for optimizing grain refining and alloying ... of grain refinement; Methods of grain refining; Attributes of chemical inoculants�...
Bottom-up Representation of Industrial Energy Efficiency Technologies in Integrated Assessment Models for the Cement Sector
non-energy benefits, U.S. steel industry (Worrell et al.improvements in U.S. iron and steel industry (Worrell et al.for the U.S. iron and steel industry in 1994 (Figure 1).
Sathaye, J.
St. Louis, Missouri. Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU),de Beer, 1997. "Energy Efficient Technologies in Industry -and MAIN, 1993. �Energy Technology in the Cement Industrial
from refrigeration equipment used in industrial processesfrom refrigeration equipment used in industrial processesfrom refrigeration equipment used in industrial processes
Cement Industry, An Energy Perspective", U.S. Department ofCost of Conserved Final Energy (US$/GJ) Final CCE includingwithout including non-energy benefits, U.S. steel industry (
Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions.and L. Price. 1999. Energy Efficiency and Carbon DioxideGalitsky. 2004. Energy Efficiency Improvement Opportunities
oxide emission reductions in industry in the EU. Europeanissues: Annual survey of industries. Central StatisticalDesiccated coconut industry of Sri- Lanka�s opportunities
in the iron and steel industry: a global model. Energy, 30,report of the world steel industry 2005. International Irontrends in the iron and steel industry. Energy Policy, 30,
Neutral Oil Loss During Alkali Refining - ResearchGate
Neutral Oil Loss During Alkali Refining. Albert J. Dijkstra. Journal of Oil & Fat Industries (Impact ... Experiments with cotton oil and soybean o ...
Adoption of efficient end-use technologies is one of the key measures for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. How to effectively analyze and manage the costs associated with GHG reductions becomes extremely important for the industry and policy makers around the world. Energy-climate (EC) models are often used for analyzing the costs of reducing GHG emissions for various emission-reduction measures, because an accurate estimation of these costs is critical for identifying and choosing optimal emission reduction measures, and for developing related policy options to accelerate market adoption and technology implementation. However, accuracies of assessing of GHG-emission reduction costs by taking into account the adoption of energy efficiency technologies will depend on how well these end-use technologies are represented in integrated assessment models (IAM) and other energy-climate models.
Sathaye, J.; Xu, T.; Galitsky, C.
Refining and Characterization
Mar 13, 2012 ... Solar Cell Silicon: Refining and Characterization .... Silicon PV Wafers: Correlation of Mechanical Properties and Crack Propagation with�...
and power in US industry. Energy Policy, 29, pp. 1243-1254.Paris. IEA, 2004: Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Finlandand steel industry. Energy Policy, 30, pp. 827-838. Kim, Y.
in an Appliance Industry Abstract This report provides a starting point for appliance energy efficiency policy to be informed by an understanding of: the baseline rate and...
Introducing backward refinement into B
The B Method exploits a direct first-order wp predicate-transformer formulation of downward simulation to generate its proof obligations for a refinement, so B's notion of refinement is restricted to that of forward refinement. Therefore some refinements ...
Steve Dunne
Development of Bottom-up Representation of Industrial Energy Efficiency Technologies in Integrated Assessment Models for the Iron and Steel Sector
1982. Energy and the Steel Industry, Brussels, Belgium:in the Canadian Steel Industry, Ottawa, Canada: CANMET.in the Iron and Steel Industry,� in: Proceedings 1997 ACEEE
Xu, T.T.
Biocatalysis in Oil Refining
Biocatalysis in Oil Refining focuses on petroleum refining bioprocesses, establishing a connection between science and technology. The micro organisms and biomolecules examined for biocatalytic purposes for oil refining processes are thoroughly detailed. Terminology used by biologists, chemists and engineers is brought into a common language, aiding the understanding of complex biological-chemical-engineering issues. Problems to be addressed by the future R&D activities and by new technologies are described and summarized in the last chapter.
Borole, Abhijeet P [ORNL; Ramirez-Corredores, M. M. [BP Global Fuels Technology
An Exploration of Innovation and An Exploration of Innovation and Energy Efficiency in an Appliance Industry Prepared by Margaret Taylor, K. Sydny Fujita, Larry Dale, and James McMahon For the European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy March 29, 2012 ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY LBNL - 5689E An Exploration of Innovation and Energy Efficiency in an Appliance Industry Abstract This report provides a starting point for appliance energy efficiency policy to be informed by an understanding of: the baseline rate and direction of technological change of product industries; the factors that underlie the outcomes of innovation in these industries; and the ways the innovation system might respond to any given intervention. The report provides an overview of the dynamics of energy efficiency policy and innovation in the appliance
milling industry: An ENERGY STAR Guide for Energy and Plantcement mak- ing - An ENERGY STAR Guide for Energy and Plantre- fineries - An ENERGY STAR Guide for Energy and Plant
Genealogy of major U.S. refiners - Energy Information Administration
See full Genealogy of Major U.S. Refiners Previous Release Genealogy of Major U.S. Refiners Genealogy of Major U.S. Refiners Release date: September 18, 2013 figre 1. World energy consumption, 1990-2040. The structure of the U.S. petroleum refining industry has changed substantially over the past several years. In the diagram the companies shown on the right side are presently active in U.S. refining. The transactions over the past 25 years that created these companies also are shown. The transactions included here may be as little as a single refinery, or as much as all the refining assets of the parties to the transaction. Transactions that include less than all refining assets are indicated by vertical dotted lines while vertical solid lines indicate that all refining assets are included. Additionally,
Volume Refinement Fairing Isosurfaces
We propose an interpolating refinement method for two- and three-dimensional scalar fields defined on hexahedral grids. Iterative fairing of the underlying contours (isosurfaces) provides the function values of new grid points. Our method can be considered ... Keywords: adaptive mesh refinement, isosurfaces, subdivision, variational modeling, volume fairing
Martin Bertram
This chapter addresses past, ongoing, and short (to 2010) and medium-term (to 2030) future actions that can be taken to mitigate GHG emissions from the manufacturing and process industries. Globally, and in most countries, CO{sub 2} accounts for more than 90% of CO{sub 2}-eq GHG emissions from the industrial sector (Price et al., 2006; US EPA, 2006b). These CO{sub 2} emissions arise from three sources: (1) the use of fossil fuels for energy, either directly by industry for heat and power generation or indirectly in the generation of purchased electricity and steam; (2) non-energy uses of fossil fuels in chemical processing and metal smelting; and (3) non-fossil fuel sources, for example cement and lime manufacture. Industrial processes also emit other GHGs, e.g.: (1) Nitrous oxide (N{sub 2}O) is emitted as a byproduct of adipic acid, nitric acid and caprolactam production; (2) HFC-23 is emitted as a byproduct of HCFC-22 production, a refrigerant, and also used in fluoroplastics manufacture; (3) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are emitted as byproducts of aluminium smelting and in semiconductor manufacture; (4) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF{sub 6}) is emitted in the manufacture, use and, decommissioning of gas insulated electrical switchgear, during the production of flat screen panels and semiconductors, from magnesium die casting and other industrial applications; (5) Methane (CH{sub 4}) is emitted as a byproduct of some chemical processes; and (6) CH{sub 4} and N{sub 2}O can be emitted by food industry waste streams. Many GHG emission mitigation options have been developed for the industrial sector. They fall into three categories: operating procedures, sector-wide technologies and process-specific technologies. A sampling of these options is discussed in Sections 7.2-7.4. The short- and medium-term potential for and cost of all classes of options are discussed in Section 7.5, barriers to the application of these options are addressed in Section 7.6 and the implication of industrial mitigation for sustainable development is discussed in Section 7.7. Section 7.8 discusses the sector's vulnerability to climate change and options for adaptation. A number of policies have been designed either to encourage voluntary GHG emission reductions from the industrial sector or to mandate such reductions. Section 7.9 describes these policies and the experience gained to date. Co-benefits of reducing GHG emissions from the industrial sector are discussed in Section 7.10. Development of new technology is key to the cost-effective control of industrial GHG emissions. Section 7.11 discusses research, development, deployment and diffusion in the industrial sector and Section 7.12, the long-term (post-2030) technologies for GHG emissions reduction from the industrial sector. Section 7.13 summarizes gaps in knowledge.
Bernstein, Lenny; Roy, Joyashree; Delhotal, K. Casey; Harnisch, Jochen; Matsuhashi, Ryuji; Price, Lynn; Tanaka, Kanako; Worrell, Ernst; Yamba, Francis; Fengqi, Zhou; de la Rue du Can, Stephane; Gielen, Dolf; Joosen, Suzanne; Konar, Manaswita; Matysek, Anna; Miner, Reid; Okazaki, Teruo; Sanders, Johan; Sheinbaum Parado, Claudia
Optimal refinement of rule bases
This article presents a formal analysis of the rule refinement selection problem. There is no satisfactory methodical standard for the optimal refinement of rule bases. Current refinement systems select the best overall rule base refinements out of a ... Keywords: Rule base validation, complex gain calculation, conflicting and alternative rule refinements, evaluation of safety-critical knowledge bases, optimal refinement selection, rule refinement classes, subsumption and synergy
Hans-Werner Kelbassa
Adoption of efficient end-use technologies is one of the key measures for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With the working of energy programs and policies on carbon regulation, how to effectively analyze and manage the costs associated with GHG reductions become extremely important for the industry and policy makers around the world. Energy-climate (EC) models are often used for analyzing the costs of reducing GHG emissions (e.g., carbon emission) for various emission-reduction measures, because an accurate estimation of these costs is critical for identifying and choosing optimal emission reduction measures, and for developing related policy options to accelerate market adoption and technology implementation. However, accuracies of assessing of GHG-emission reduction costs by taking into account the adoption of energy efficiency technologies will depend on how well these end-use technologies are represented in integrated assessment models (IAM) and other energy-climate models. In this report, we first conduct brief overview on different representations of end-use technologies (mitigation measures) in various energy-climate models, followed by problem statements, and a description of the basic concepts of quantifying the cost of conserved energy including integrating non-regrets options. A non-regrets option is defined as a GHG reduction option that is cost effective, without considering their additional benefits related to reducing GHG emissions. Based upon these, we develop information on costs of mitigation measures and technological change. These serve as the basis for collating the data on energy savings and costs for their future use in integrated assessment models. In addition to descriptions of the iron and steel making processes, and the mitigation measures identified in this study, the report includes tabulated databases on costs of measure implementation, energy savings, carbon-emission reduction, and lifetimes. The cost curve data on mitigation measures are available over time, which allows an estimation of technological change over a decade-long historical period. In particular, the report will describe new treatment of technological change in energy-climate modeling for this industry sector, i.e., assessing the changes in costs and energy-savings potentials via comparing 1994 and 2002 conservation supply curves. In this study, we compared the same set of mitigation measures for both 1994 and 2002 -- no additional mitigation measure for year 2002 was included due to unavailability of such data. Therefore, the estimated potentials in total energy savings and carbon reduction would most likely be more conservative for year 2002 in this study. Based upon the cost curves, the rate of change in the savings potential at a given cost can be evaluated and be used to estimate future rates of change that can be the input for energy-climate models. Through characterizing energy-efficiency technology costs and improvement potentials, we have developed and presented energy cost curves for energy efficiency measures applicable to the U.S. iron and steel industry for the years 1994 and 2002. The cost curves can change significantly under various scenarios: the baseline year, discount rate, energy intensity, production, industry structure (e.g., integrated versus secondary steel making and number of plants), efficiency (or mitigation) measures, share of iron and steel production to which the individual measures can be applied, and inclusion of other non-energy benefits. Inclusion of other non-energy benefits from implementing mitigation measures can reduce the costs of conserved energy significantly. In addition, costs of conserved energy (CCE) for individual mitigation measures increase with the increases in discount rates, resulting in a general increase in total cost of mitigation measures for implementation and operation with a higher discount rate. In 1994, integrated steel mills in the U.S. produced 55.
Xu, T.T.; Sathaye, J.; Galitsky, C.
Valero Refining Company - NJ | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Valero Refining Company - NJ Valero Refining Company - NJ Jump to: navigation, search Name Valero Refining Company - NJ Place New Jersey Utility Id 56325 Utility Location Yes Ownership R Operates Generating Plant Yes Activity Retail Marketing Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png No rate schedules available. Average Rates Industrial: $0.0652/kWh References ↑ "EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Valero_Refining_Company_-_NJ&oldid=411921" Categories: EIA Utility Companies and Aliases
Profile of the chemicals industry in California: California industries of the future program
of the U.S. Chemical Industry. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence2004. Profile of the Petroleum Refining Industry inCalifornia - California Industries of the Future Program.
Galitsky, Christina; Worrell, Ernst
Industrial Industrial 8,870,422 44.3% Commercial 3,158,244 15.8% Electric Utilities 2,732,496 13.7% Residential 5,241,414 26.2% Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-176, "Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition." T e x a s L o u i s i a n a C a l i f o r n i a A l l O t h e r S t a t e s 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 30 60 90 120 Trillion Cubic Feet Industrial Billion Cubic Meters T e x a s C a l i f o r n i a F l o r i d a A l l O t h e r S t a t e s 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 30 60 90 120 Trillion Cubic Feet Electric Utilities Billion Cubic Meters N e w Y o r k C a l i f o r n i a I l l i n o i s A l l O t h e r S t a t e s 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 30 60 90 120 Trillion Cubic Feet Commercial Billion Cubic Meters I l l i n o i s C a l i f o r n i a N e w Y o r k A l l O t h e r S t a t e s 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 30 60 90 120 Trillion Cubic Feet Residential Billion Cubic Meters 11. Natural Gas Delivered to Consumers in the United States, 1996 Figure Volumes in Million Cubic Feet Energy Information Administration
Are Refiners Entering a Golden Age or a Short Cycle?
A presentation exploring the factors driving higher prices, margins, and light-heavy price differentials in today's market, and what these observations may imply about future profitability in the refining industry.
Joanne Shore
Hydrogen Piping Experience in Chevron Refining
Piping Piping Experience in Chevron Refining Ned Niccolls Materials Engineer Chevron Energy Technology Company Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop August 30-31, 2005 Outline 2 Overall perspectives from long term use of hydrogen piping in refining. Piping specifications and practices. The (few) problem areas. Related industry work: American Petroleum Institute corrosion and materials work on high temperature hydrogen attack. Overall Perspectives 3 Few problems with hydrogen piping operating at ambient to at least 800F and pressures up to at least 3000psia as long as we stay within well- defined limits H2S contamination presents many more problems, beyond the scope of this talk We will note a couple of specific vulnerabilities Refining tracks materials performance in
Leonhard (eds. ), Energy Efficiency Improvements in ElectricC. Moore, 1997. �Energy Efficiency and Advanced TechnologiesSummer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry, Washington,
Edmund G. Brown, Jr. PIER INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND
, petroleum refining, natural gas, beverage industry, water and wastewater, energy efficiency, industrial natural gas efficiency, electronics, Public Interest Energy Research crosscutting, Industrial ......................................................................................................... 8 2.0 Natural Gas
FDR3 --A Modern Refinement Checker for CSP Thomas Gibson-Robinson, Philip Armstrong,
FDR3 -- A Modern Refinement Checker for CSP Thomas Gibson-Robinson, Philip Armstrong, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. FDR3 is a complete rewrite of the CSP refinement checker FDR2, incorporating a significant number describe the new algorithm that FDR3 uses to construct its in- ternal representation of CSP processes
Oxford, University of
DOE Patents (OSTI)
This invention relates to the method of refining a liquid perfluorinated hydrocarbon oil containing fluorocarbons from 12 to 28 carbon atoms per molecule by distilling between 150 deg C and 300 deg C at 10 mm Hg absolute pressure. The perfluorinated oil is washed with a chlorinated lower aliphatic hydrocarbon, which mairtains a separate liquid phase when mixed with the oil. Impurities detrimental to the stability of the oil are extracted by the chlorinated lower aliphatic hydrocarbon. (AEC)
Linch, A.L.
energy savings with discounts rates 10%, 20% and 30% in the U.S. iron and steel industryenergy savings with discounts rates 10%, 20% and 30% in the U.S. iron and steel industry.
Developing security protocols by refinement
We propose a development method for security protocols based on stepwise refinement. Our refinement strategy guides the transformation of abstract security goals into protocols that are secure when operating over an insecure channel controlled by a Dolev-Yao-style ... Keywords: entity authentication, formal development, key establishment, security protocols, stepwise refinement
Christoph Sprenger; David Basin
Profile of the Petroleum Refining Industry in California -California Industries of the Future Program. Berkeley, CA:reflect those of the California Energy Commission, the U.S.
Minimally refined biomass fuel
A minimally refined fluid composition, suitable as a fuel mixture and derived from biomass material, is comprised of one or more water-soluble carbohydrates such as sucrose, one or more alcohols having less than four carbons, and water. The carbohydrate provides the fuel source; water solubilizes the carbohydrates; and the alcohol aids in the combustion of the carbohydrate and reduces the vicosity of the carbohydrate/water solution. Because less energy is required to obtain the carbohydrate from the raw biomass than alcohol, an overall energy savings is realized compared to fuels employing alcohol as the primary fuel.
Pearson, Richard K. (Pleasanton, CA); Hirschfeld, Tomas B. (Livermore, CA)
Weekly Refiner Net Production
Refiner Net Production Refiner Net Production (Thousand Barrels per Day) Period: Weekly 4-Week Average Download Series History Download Series History Definitions, Sources & Notes Definitions, Sources & Notes Product/Region 11/08/13 11/15/13 11/22/13 11/29/13 12/06/13 12/13/13 View History Finished Motor Gasoline 2,168 2,300 2,336 2,359 2,462 2,368 2010-2013 East Coast (PADD 1) 54 53 52 67 71 67 2010-2013 Midwest (PADD 2) 696 745 722 711 798 790 2010-2013 Gulf Coast (PADD 3) 891 916 1,010 1,053 1,011 1,021 2010-2013 Rocky Mountain (PADD 4) 260 248 245 232 279 235 2010-2013 West Coast (PADD 5) 268 338 308 296 302 255 2010-2013 Reformulated 50 49 49 49 48 49 2010-2013 Blended with Ethanol 50 49 49 49 48 49 2010-2013 Other
Silicon Production and Refining
Mar 6, 2013 ... The photovoltaic (PV) industry is in rapid growth and a large supply of solar grade silicon (SoG-Si) feedstock must be provided to response the�...
EPACT Representation
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
June 2005 June 2005 EPACT REPRESENTATION FOR COVERED AWARDS OVER $100,000 Section 2306 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, as implemented in 10 CFR, Subpart F, establishes eligibility requirements for companies to participate in certain financial assistance programs covered under Titles XX through XXIII of the EPACT. For this purpose, "company" means any business entity other than an organization of the type described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [26 U.S.C. Section 501(c)(3)]. In order for the Department of Energy (DOE) to make an award to a company under a covered program, DOE must determine that the company's participation will be in the economic interest of the United States and, if the company is not a United States-owned
Refines Efficiency Improvement
Refinery processes that convert heavy oils to lighter distillate fuels require heating for distillation, hydrogen addition or carbon rejection (coking). Efficiency is limited by the formation of insoluble carbon-rich coke deposits. Heat exchangers and other refinery units must be shut down for mechanical coke removal, resulting in a significant loss of output and revenue. When a residuum is heated above the temperature at which pyrolysis occurs (340 C, 650 F), there is typically an induction period before coke formation begins (Magaril and Aksenova 1968, Wiehe 1993). To avoid fouling, refiners often stop heating a residuum before coke formation begins, using arbitrary criteria. In many cases, this heating is stopped sooner than need be, resulting in less than maximum product yield. Western Research Institute (WRI) has developed innovative Coking Index concepts (patent pending) which can be used for process control by refiners to heat residua to the threshold, but not beyond the point at which coke formation begins when petroleum residua materials are heated at pyrolysis temperatures (Schabron et al. 2001). The development of this universal predictor solves a long standing problem in petroleum refining. These Coking Indexes have great potential value in improving the efficiency of distillation processes. The Coking Indexes were found to apply to residua in a universal manner, and the theoretical basis for the indexes has been established (Schabron et al. 2001a, 2001b, 2001c). For the first time, a few simple measurements indicates how close undesired coke formation is on the coke formation induction time line. The Coking Indexes can lead to new process controls that can improve refinery distillation efficiency by several percentage points. Petroleum residua consist of an ordered continuum of solvated polar materials usually referred to as asphaltenes dispersed in a lower polarity solvent phase held together by intermediate polarity materials usually referred to as resins. The Coking Indexes focus on the amount of these intermediate polarity species since coke formation begins when these are depleted. Currently the Coking Indexes are determined by either titration or solubility measurements which must be performed in a laboratory. In the current work, various spectral, microscopic, and thermal techniques possibly leading to on-line analysis were explored for measuring the Coking Indexes.
Refiner Wholesale Price ...........................
Prices (cents per gallon) Prices (cents per gallon) Refiner Wholesale Price ........................... 297 299 302 275 289 290 288 262 275 289 280 257 293 282 276 Gasoline Regular Grade Retail Prices Including Taxes PADD 1 .................................................... 363 366 364 355 361 350 355 331 341 355 347 327 362 349 343 PADD 2 .................................................... 355 366 369 340 350 368 352 318 334 355 346 318 357 347 338 PADD 3 .................................................... 346 353 345 326 339 336 337 307 323 341 329 305 343 330 325 PADD 4 .................................................... 322 374 358 348 323 361 362 326 322 351 348 322 351 344 337 PADD 5 .................................................... 390 413 390 384 382 390 385 355 362 384 379 356 394 378 371 U.S. Average ........................................
Gasification, polygeneration capture interest of refiners
Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants are moving into the mainstream of international refining. Such plants can turn refinery dregs into the whitest of all products--sparkling electricity--plus hydrogen and synthesis gas. Hydrogen is an indispensable element for cleaning up and improving modern fuels, while syngas is the feedstock for important finished petrochemicals and intermediaries. The status and potential of gasification technologies and projects were covered in a 3 day conference early in October in San Francisco. What made this conference different from others on the subject in the past was recognition that oil and natural gas producers and the international refining industry are becoming major power producers without government subsidies. Such projects can pass the scrutiny of lenders and the test of commerciality. They are not targeted simply for electricity, but also for production of hydrogen, steam, and petrochemical feedstock. The process objective for projects now far exceeds simple cogeneration. It`s now trigeneration, even polygeneration.
Aalund, L.R.
North Dakota Refining Capacity Study
According to a 2008 report issued by the United States Geological Survey, North Dakota and Montana have an estimated 3.0 to 4.3 billion barrels of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil in an area known as the Bakken Formation. With the size and remoteness of the discovery, the question became 'can a business case be made for increasing refining capacity in North Dakota?' And, if so what is the impact to existing players in the region. To answer the question, a study committee comprised of leaders in the region's petroleum industry were brought together to define the scope of the study, hire a consulting firm and oversee the study. The study committee met frequently to provide input on the findings and modify the course of the study, as needed. The study concluded that the Petroleum Area Defense District II (PADD II) has an oversupply of gasoline. With that in mind, a niche market, naphtha, was identified. Naphtha is used as a diluent used for pipelining the bitumen (heavy crude) from Canada to crude markets. The study predicted there will continue to be an increase in the demand for naphtha through 2030. The study estimated the optimal configuration for the refinery at 34,000 barrels per day (BPD) producing 15,000 BPD of naphtha and a 52 percent refinery charge for jet and diesel yield. The financial modeling assumed the sponsor of a refinery would invest its own capital to pay for construction costs. With this assumption, the internal rate of return is 9.2 percent which is not sufficient to attract traditional investment given the risk factor of the project. With that in mind, those interested in pursuing this niche market will need to identify incentives to improve the rate of return.
Dennis Hill; Kurt Swenson; Carl Tuura; Jim Simon; Robert Vermette; Gilberto Marcha; Steve Kelly; David Wells; Ed Palmer; Kuo Yu; Tram Nguyen; Juliam Migliavacca
Preservation of probabilistic information flow under refinement
Information flow properties, which describe confidentiality requirements, are not generally preserved under behavior refinement. This article describes a formal framework for refinement relations between nondeterministic probabilistic processes that ... Keywords: CSP, Confidentiality, Information flow property, Information theory, Process calculus, Refinement, Security
Thomas Santen
Nucleic Acid Standards - Refinement Parameters
Refinement Parameters Refinement Parameters The DNA/RNA topology and parameter files for X-PLOR are shown below. These were tested with DNA structures and with protein-DNA complexes. X-PLOR topology file X-PLOR parameter files: X-PLOR parameter file For the refinement of high resolution structures (< 1.7 Angstroms) the parameter file with distinct bond distances and bond angles for both C2'-endo and C3'-endo conformations should be considered: X-PLOR parameter file for high resolution structures "New Parameters for the Refinement of Nucleic Acid Containing Structures." Gary Parkinson, Jaroslav Vojtechovsky, Lester Clowney, Axel Brunger*, and Helen M. Berman. (1996) Acta Cryst. D 52, 57-64 Rutgers University, Department of Chemistry, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0939; *The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Molecular and
Zone refining of plutonium metal
The zone refining process was applied to Pu metal containing known amounts of impurities. Rod specimens of plutonium metal were melted into and contained in tantalum boats, each of which was passed horizontally through a three-turn, high-frequency coil in such a manner as to cause a narrow molten zone to pass through the Pu metal rod 10 times. The impurity elements Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Np, U were found to move in the same direction as the molten zone as predicted by binary phase diagrams. The elements Al, Am, and Ga moved in the opposite direction of the molten zone as predicted by binary phase diagrams. As the impurity alloy was zone refined, {delta}-phase plutonium metal crystals were produced. The first few zone refining passes were more effective than each later pass because an oxide layer formed on the rod surface. There was no clear evidence of better impurity movement at the slower zone refining speed. Also, constant or variable coil power appeared to have no effect on impurity movement during a single run (10 passes). This experiment was the first step to developing a zone refining process for plutonium metal.
Blau, M.S.
Industrial Demand Module
2 2 Industrial Demand Module The NEMS Industrial Demand Module estimates energy consumption by energy source (fuels and feedstocks) for 15 manufacturing and 6 non-manufacturing industries. The manufacturing industries are further subdivided into the energy- intensive manufacturing industries and non-energy-intensive manufacturing industries (Table 6.1). The manufacturing industries are modeled through the use of a detailed process-flow or end-use accounting procedure, whereas the non- manufacturing industries are modeled with substantially less detail. The petroleum refining industry is not included in the Industrial Demand Module, as it is simulated separately in the Petroleum Market Module of NEMS. The Industrial Demand Module calculates energy consumption for the four Census Regions (see Figure 5) and disaggregates the energy consumption
This page intentionally left blank This page intentionally left blank 51 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2011 Industrial Demand Module The NEMS Industrial Demand Module estimates energy consumption by energy source (fuels and feedstocks) for 15 manufacturing and 6 non-manufacturing industries. The manufacturing industries are further subdivided into the energy- intensive manufacturing industries and nonenergy-intensive manufacturing industries (Table 6.1). The manufacturing industries are modeled through the use of a detailed process-flow or end-use accounting procedure, whereas the non- manufacturing industries are modeled with substantially less detail. The petroleum refining industry is not included in the Industrial Module, as it is simulated separately in the Petroleum Market Module of NEMS. The Industrial Module calculates
Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky Refining District Percent ...
Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky Refining District Percent Utilization of Refinery Operable Capacity (Percent)
National oil companies' presence to hike US refining competition
This paper reports that the downstream segment of the U.S. petroleum business is virtually certain to become more competitive because of the growing presence of national oil companies in the country's refining industry. That's a forecast by New York investment firm Kidder Peabody. It cites a plan by Mexico's Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) to form a joint venture with Shell Oil Co. covering Shell's 225,000 b/d Deer Park, Tex., refinery as the latest example of national oil companies' movement into U.S. refining.
Superior refining performance beyond 2000 -- Breaking traditional paradigms
Over the last 5 years, refining companies have not performed well financially, generating returns below the cost of capital. Environmental regulations have caused the industry to invest significant amounts of capital, and while new regulations will cause the shutdown of between 500 thousand and 1.2 million barrels per day of capacity, the industry structure will remain poor and financial returns for the average player will likely be volatile, cyclical, and below the cost of capital. Based on this industry outlook, refining companies seeking superior performance will have to break the traditional paradigms and adopt world-class practices used in other industries. Changes required to significantly improve financial returns will include shifts in business strategy to accommodate growth, and development of nontraditional services, as well as initiates to dramatically reshape cost structure and improve profitability. Making the changes to become a superior performer in the refining business will require a clear vision and strong leadership at multiple levels in the organization. The transformation will also require changes in company culture and incentive plans that encourage managers to act as owners. In addition, superior performers will push accountability for results to low levels in the organization. Given the herd mentality of the oil industry, superior performers must take decisive, preemptive action to generate a substantial, competitive advantage.
Tassel, B. van [McKinsey and Co., Inc., Houston, TX (United States)
Electronic structure of superconductivity refined
Electronic structure of superconductivity refined Electronic structure of superconductivity refined Electronic structure of superconductivity refined A team of physicists propose a new model that expands on a little understood aspect of the electronic structure in high-temperature superconductors. July 10, 2008 Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials.
Economic impact of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme : evidence from the refining sector
I study the economic impact of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) on the refining industry in Europe. I contrast previous ex-ante studies with the lessons from a series of interviews I conducted with ...
Lacombe, Romain H
Reduce NOx and Improve Energy Efficiency, Software Tools for Industry, Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) (Fact Sheet)
This fact sheet describes how the Industrial Technologies Program NOx and Energy Assessment Tool (NxEAT) can help petroleum refining and chemical plants improve energy efficiency.
Vacuum State/Refiner/Location
Vacuum Vacuum State/Refiner/Location Barrels per Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Capacity Barrels per Operating Idle Operating Idle Downstream Charge Capacity Thermal Cracking Delayed Fluid Coking Visbreaking Other/Gas Calendar Day Stream Day Distillation Coking Oil Table 3. Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of January 1, 2013 (Barrels per Stream Day, Except Where Noted) ......................................................... Alabama 120,100 0 130,000 0 48,000 32,000 0 0 0 Goodway Refining LLC 4,100 0 5,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
Are Refiners Entering a Golden Age or a Short Cycle? Global Refining Strategies 2007 Barcelona, Spain
Method for refining contaminated iridium
Contaminated iridium is refined by alloying it with an alloying agent selected from the group consisting of manganese and an alloy of manganese and copper, and then dissolving the alloying agent from the formed alloy to provide a purified iridium powder.
Heshmatpour, Bahman (Waltham, MA); Heestand, Richard L. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Refining Crude Oil - Energy Explained, Your Guide To Understanding Energy -
Oil and Petroleum Products > Refining Crude Oil Oil and Petroleum Products > Refining Crude Oil Energy Explained - Home What Is Energy? Forms of Energy Sources of Energy Laws of Energy Units and Calculators Energy Conversion Calculators British Thermal Units (Btu) Degree-Days U.S. Energy Facts State and U.S. Territory Data Use of Energy In Industry For Transportation In Homes In Commercial Buildings Efficiency and Conservation Energy and the Environment Greenhouse Gases Effect on the Climate Where Emissions Come From Outlook for Future Emissions Recycling and Energy Nonrenewable Sources Oil and Petroleum Products Refining Crude Oil Where Our Oil Comes From Imports and Exports Offshore Oil and Gas Use of Oil Prices and Outlook Oil and the Environment Gasoline Where Our Gasoline Comes From Use of Gasoline Prices and Outlook
Turning industry visions into reality
This brochure outlines the activities of the Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) in the Department of Energy. OIT activities are aimed at industry adoption of energy-efficient, pollution-reducing technologies and include research and development on advanced technologies, financing, technical assistance, information dissemination, education, and bringing together industry groups, universities, National Laboratories, states, and environmentalists. OIT`s core initiative is to facilitate partnerships within seven materials and process industries: aluminum, chemicals, forest products, glass, metalcasting, petroleum refining, and steel industries.
Refinement of higher-order logic programs
A refinement calculus provides a method for transforming specifications to executable code, maintaining the correctness of the code with respect to its specification. In this paper we extend the refinement calculus for logic programs to include higher-order ...
Robert Colvin; Ian Hayes; David Hemer; Paul Strooper
Reformulated Gasoline Market Affected Refiners Differently, 1995
This article focuses on the costs of producing RFG as experienced by different types of refiners and on how these refiners fared this past summer, given the prices for RFG at the refinery gate.
John Zyren
Firing of pulverized solvent refined coal
An air-purged burner for the firing of pulverized solvent refined coal is constructed and operated such that the solvent refined coal can be fired without the coking thereof on the burner components. The air-purged burner is designed for the firing of pulverized solvent refined coal in a tangentially fired boiler.
Derbidge, T. Craig (Sunnyvale, CA); Mulholland, James A. (Chapel Hill, NC); Foster, Edward P. (Macungie, PA)
Texas Industries of the Future
The purpose of the Texas Industries of the Future program is to facilitate the development, demonstration and adoption of advanced technologies and adoption of best practices that reduce industrial energy usage, emissions, and associated costs, resulting in improved competitive performance. The bottom line for Texas industry is savings in energy and materials, cost-effective environmental compliance, increased productivity, reduced waste, and enhanced product quality. The state program leverages the programs and tools of the federal Department of Energy's Industries of the Future. At the federal level, there are nine Industries of the Future: refining, chemicals, aluminum, steel, metal casting, glass, mining, agriculture, and forest products. These industries were selected nationally because they supply over 90% of the U.S. economy's material needs and account for 75% of all energy use by U.S. industry. In Texas, three IOF sectors, chemicals, refining and forest products, account for 86% of the energy used by industry in this state.
Ferland, K.
Utah Kerosene Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners (Thousand ...
Referring Pages: Kerosene Sales for Resale Refiner Sales Volumes; Utah Kerosene Refiner Sales Volumes; Utah Sales for Resale Refiner Sales Volumes of Aviation Fuels ...
Table 40. Refiners� Operable Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation ...
Table 40. Refiners� Operable Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Capacity as of January 1, 1997 Refiner Barrels per Calendar Day Refiner Barrels per
Survey, Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department2001, Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department ofU.S. Department of Energy or the U.S. Government. References
U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Worrell, E. andDepartment of Energy, Washington, DC. Data can be accessedU.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, June 2002. Gary,
companies, e.g. BP and Exxon, have applied Hydrogen PinchAgip (Italy), BP, Chevron, Exxon (in The Netherlands and
The potential for reducing energy utilization in the refining industry
The paper first discusses energy use in petroleum refineries and CO{sub 2} emissions because of the fuels used. Then the paper looks at near-, mid-, and long-term opportunities for energy reduction. Some of the options are catalysts, cooling water recycling, steam system efficiency, and the use of coke and petroleum residues.
Petrick, M.; Pellegrino, J.
than a quarter of all crude oil in the world. The petroleumprocess various types of crude oil types from differentthe type of processed crude oil is becoming increasingly
the United States Petroleum Refining Industry William R. Morrow...
of the twelve processing units. The model is carbon and energy balanced such that crude oil inputs and major refinery sector outputs (fuels) are benchmarked to 2010 data....
boiler improvements, steam distribution, heat exchangers,pinch analysis Steam Distribution Improved insulation
conducted to develop an Energy Guide for the Petroleumenergy performance and an Energy Guide for energy and plantindustry in developing its Energy Guide. The Energy Guide is
of a strategic energy management system. Proceedings of thes Global Energy Management System (GEMS) identified over 200Management & Control Energy monitoring Site energy control systems
13% of crude capacity), ExxonMobil (11%), BP (9%), Valero (associated emissions. ExxonMobil�s Global Energy Managementefficiency by 15% at ExxonMobil refineries and chemical
fuel in furnaces. In 1998 cogeneration within the refiningair, fans, lighting, cogeneration, power generation, andPower Generation CHP (cogeneration) Gas expansion turbines
used in the refinery are refinery gas, natural gas and coke.The refinery gas and coke are by-products of the differentprocesses. The coke is mainly produced in the crackers,
The purpose of this study was to investigate zone refining techniques for the purification of plutonium metal. The redistribution of 10 impurity elements from zone melting was examined. Four tantalum boats were loaded with plutonium impurity alloy, placed in a vacuum furnace, heated to 700{degrees}C, and held at temperature for one hour. Ten passes were made with each boat. Metallographic and chemical analyses performed on the plutonium rods showed that, after 10 passes, moderate movement of certain elements were achieved. Molten zone speeds of 1 or 2 inches per hour had no effect on impurity element movement. Likewise, the application of constant or variable power had no effect on impurity movement. The study implies that development of a zone refining process to purify plutonium is feasible. Development of a process will be hampered by two factors: (1) the effect on impurity element redistribution of the oxide layer formed on the exposed surface of the material is not understood, and (2) the tantalum container material is not inert in the presence of plutonium. Cold boat studies are planned, with higher temperature and vacuum levels, to determine the effect on these factors. 5 refs., 1 tab., 5 figs.
Iowa Propane Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners (Thousand ...
Referring Pages: Iowa Propane (Consumer Grade) Refiner Sales Volumes; Iowa Sales for Resale Refiner Sales Volumes of Aviation Fuels, Kerosene, ...
Alabama Propane Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners ...
Referring Pages: Alabama Propane (Consumer Grade) Refiner Sales Volumes; Alabama Sales for Resale Refiner Sales Volumes of Aviation Fuels, Kerosene, ...
Table 5. Refiners' Total Operable Atmospheric Crude Oil ...
CORPORATION / Refiner / Location Table 5. Refiners' Total Operable Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Capacity as of January 1, 2011 Calendar Day
CORPORATION / Refiner / Location Table 5. Refiners' Total Operable Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Capacity as of January 1, 2009 Calendar Day
Rationality without representation
This dissertation is about whether and how non-representational attitudes could play a role in our theories of rationality. In Chapter 1 ('Negation, expressivism, and intentionality') I argue that the best explanation for ...
P�rez Carballo, Alejandro
Margin turnaround at hand: reprieve for US refiners
After unseasonal US gasoline price deterioration during the summer driving months, a turnaround in rack (unbranded, undelivered wholesale) prices is helping to reverse the downward trend in refining margins on the Gulf Coast. In turn, the improved margins are buoying up light crude oil prices in the US Gulf Coast and strengthening spot-market prices. A graph tracks apparent margins on four important crudes utilized on the US Gulf Coast. August 1984 saw negative margins even for heavy Venezuelan Lagunillas (15/sup 0/ API) and Mexican Maya (22/sup 0/ API), but both were again positive in September. Energy Detente refining netback data for September 1984 are presented for the US Gulf Coast, the US West Coast, Rotterdam, and Singapore. The fuel price/tax series and industrial fuel prices are presented for September 1984 for countries of the Western Hemisphere.
Metallurgical Silicon Refining by Transient Directional Solidification
Abstract Scope, Directional solidification is an essential refining step to obtain solar ... The chemical analyses of the ingots show macrosegregation of several�...
Vacuum Distillation Refining of Crude Tin - Thermodynamics ...
Presentation Title, Vacuum Distillation Refining of Crude Tin - Thermodynamics Analysis and Experiments on the Removal of Arsenic from the Crude Tin.
Thailand: Petroleum and natural gas industry profile. Export trade information
The report profiles the petroleum, natural gas, and petrochemical industries in Thailand. It covers: exploration production, consumption, trade, pipelines, industry structure, national energy policy, product marketing, refining, conservation/environmental issues, alternative energy sources, prices, transportation, and commercial opportunities.
Pneumatic conveying of pulverized solvent refined coal
A method for pneumatically conveying solvent refined coal to a burner under conditions of dilute phase pneumatic flow so as to prevent saltation of the solvent refined coal in the transport line by maintaining the transport fluid velocity above approximately 95 ft/sec.
Lennon, Dennis R. (Allentown, PA)
Refined computational models for laminated shells
This paper presents refined computational models for non homogeneous, deep, doubly curved shells. The theory is based on a kinematical approach in which the continuity conditions for displacements and shear stresses at layer interfaces and on the bounding ... Keywords: bending-torsion warping coupling, multilayered shells, piezoelectric laminates, shear-membrane refinements, stress computations, triangular C1-C1/2 finite element
M. Touratier
Umbra's system representation.
This document describes the Umbra System representation. Umbra System representation, initially developed in the spring of 2003, is implemented in Incr/Tcl using concepts borrowed from Carnegie Mellon University's Architecture Description Language (ADL) called Acme. In the spring of 2004 through January 2005, System was converted to Umbra 4, extended slightly, and adopted as the underlying software system for a variety of Umbra applications that support Complex Systems Engineering (CSE) and Complex Adaptive Systems Engineering (CASE). System is now a standard part Of Umbra 4. While Umbra 4 also includes an XML parser for System, the XML parser and Schema are not described in this document.
McDonald, Michael James
A burner for the firing of pulverized solvent refined coal is constructed and operated such that the solvent refined coal can be fired successfully without any performance limitations and without the coking of the solvent refined coal on the burner components. The burner is provided with a tangential inlet of primary air and pulverized fuel, a vaned diffusion swirler for the mixture of primary air and fuel, a center water-cooled conical diffuser shielding the incoming fuel from the heat radiation from the flame and deflecting the primary air and fuel steam into the secondary air, and a watercooled annulus located between the primary air and secondary air flows.
Lennon, Dennis R. (Allentown, PA); Snedden, Richard B. (McKeesport, PA); Foster, Edward P. (Macungie, PA); Bellas, George T. (Library, PA)
Semantic knowledge representation and analysis
Natural language is the means through which humans convey meaning to each other - each word or phrase is a label, or name, for an internal representation of a concept. This internal representation is built up from repeated ...
Kachintseva, Dina (Dina D.)
2011 Short Course Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining
Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining held at the 102nd AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo. 2011 Short Course Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Short Course Saturday April 30,
2013 Short Course Fundamentals of Edible Oil Processing and Refining
Fundamentals of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Short Course held at the 104th AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo. 2013 Short Course Fundamentals of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Fundamentals of Edible Oil Processing and Refining S
2010 Short Course Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining
Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Short Course held at the 101st AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo. 2010 Short Course Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Short Course Saturday, M
U.S. Refining Capacity Utilization
This article briefly reviews recent trends in domestic refining capacity utilization and examines in detail the differences in reported crude oil distillation capacities and utilization rates among different classes of refineries.
Tancred Lidderdale
Genealogy Of Major U.S. Refiners
A summary presentation iof mergers and acquisitions by U.S. major oil companies (including the U.S. affiliates of foreign major oil companies). The presentation focuses on petroleum refining over the last several years through late 2009.
2004: Sign of the Future for Refiners?
A presentation to the NPRA Annual Meeting discussing the major factors that drove petroleum prices, price differentials, and margins in 2004, and what this might mean for refiners as we look towards the future.
The evolution, challenges, and future of knowledge representation in product design systems
Product design is a highly involved, often ill-defined, complex and iterative process, and the needs and specifications of the required artifact get more refined only as the design process moves toward its goal. An effective computer support tool that ... Keywords: Collaborative engineering, Computational tools, Design rationale, Knowledge capture, Knowledge management, Knowledge representation, Multidisciplinary modeling, Ontology, Product design, Simulation, Systems engineering, Virtual reality
Senthil K. Chandrasegaran; Karthik Ramani; Ram D. Sriram; Imr� Horv�Th; Alain Bernard; Ramy F. Harik; Wei Gao
Genealogy of major U.S. refiners
of major U.S. refiners of major U.S. refiners 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Amoco SOHIO BP ARCO Mapco Williams Clark Refining 1/89 12/98 4/00 3/98 Orion Diamond Shamrock Ultramar k 12/96 7/03 Ultramar Diamond Shamrock (UDS) Total North America UDS 9/97 Valero Salomon (Basis) Valero Williams BP BP b BP-Husky Refining LLC (jv) Husky Huntway 5/97 6/01 9/05 Valero Premcor g Valero Valero Valero 12/01 7/94 e 12/98 f Carlyle Group y Coastal 3/03 d 12/88 a 6/01 o Sun Company Sunoco v 7/07 i 4/08 c 5/04 h Pacific Refining (jv) 12/88 r El Paso 1/04 w 10/98 m 6/00 n 9/89 t 8/94 u See notes, footnotes, and source notes below. PBF Energy 6/10 p 12/10 q 3/11 x 10/11 j 9/00 l 1/01 s Genealogy of major U.S. refiners (continued) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Gauge theory and group representations
The mathematical foundations of gauge theories based on indecomposable representations of space-time symmetry groups are investigated. In particular, twistors and singletons are given a uniform treatment as gauge theories of this type. This is a step toward geometrically unifying all representation based gauge theories. In addition, some implications with respect to the geometric construction of group representations are noted.
Nakashima, M.M.
Conceptual Design of Carbon Steels to Support Heavy Crude Refinement Using Neural Network Modeling and Evolutionary Optimization
The oil industries in the entire World and particularly in Mexico, have been taking an important relevance. There are two major challenges in this industry. The first one is the exploration and utilization of crude oil in deep sea, the second one is ... Keywords: soft computing applications, heavy crude refinement process
Luis Torres-Trevi�o; Arturo Reyes-Valdes
U.S. Crude Oil Imported Acquisition Cost by Refiners ...
Release Date: 1/2/2014: Next Release Date: 2/3/2014: Referring Pages: Refiner Acquisition Cost of Imported Crude Oil ; U.S. Refiner Acquisition Cost ...
Practical Guide to Vegetable Oil ProcessingChapter 4 Refining
Practical Guide to Vegetable Oil Processing Chapter 4 Refining Processing eChapters Processing Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 4 Refining from the book ...
Vermont Propane Retail Sales by Refiners (Thousand Gallons per Day)
Referring Pages: Propane (Consumer Grade) Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes; Vermont Propane (Consumer Grade) Refiner Sales Volumes; Vermont Sales to End Users ...
Idaho Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Retail Sales by Refiners ...
Referring Pages: Idaho Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Refiner Sales Volumes; Idaho Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes of Aviation Fuels, Kerosene, ...
Idaho Kerosene Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners (Thousand ...
Referring Pages: Idaho Kerosene Refiner Sales Volumes; Idaho Sales for Resale Refiner Sales Volumes of Aviation Fuels, Kerosene, Propane, No.1 and No. ...
Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for ...
1 Prices are not adjusted for inflation. See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 6 A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to resellers for ...
Need for refining capacity creates opportunities for producers in Middle East
Oil industry interest in refining has revived in the past few years in response to rising oil consumption. The trend creates opportunities, for countries in the Middle East, which do not own refining assets nearly in proportion to their crude oil reserved. By closing this gap between reserves and refining capacity, the countries can ease some of the instability now characteristic of the oil market. Some major oil producing countries have begun to move downstream. During the 1980s, Venezuela, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Libya, and other members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries acquired refining assets through direct total purchase or joint ventures. Nevertheless, the oil industry remains largely unintegrated, with the Middle East holding two thirds of worldwide oil reserves but only a small share downstream. As worldwide refining capacity swings from a period of surplus toward one in which the need for new capacity will be built. The paper discusses background of the situation, shrinking surplus, investment requirements, sources of capital, and shipping concerns.
Ali, M.S.S. (Bahrain National Oil Co., Awali (Bahrain))
Poultry Industry: Industry Brief
This Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Industry Brief provides an overview of the U.S. poultry industry and ways in which electric-powered processes and technologies can be used in poultry and egg production and processing. The poultry industry, which consists of poultry production for meat as well as egg production and processing, is one of the fastest growing segments of the U.S. food manufacturing industry. It is also an energy-intensive industry. In fact, a 2010 report by the USDA illustrates ...
Industries consumed more than 30% of U.S. energy in 2011 - Today ...
Biofuels: Ethanol & Biodiesel ... The mining industry produces the raw materials for virgin glass and steel, and the petroleum refining, natural gas, ...
1985 US energy industry yearbook
The annual yearbook directory designed to discuss the US petroleum industry is presented. The information is presented under the following topics: major intergrated oil companies, drilling and exploration companies, independent petroleum companies, petrochemical giants, engineering and construction companies, marketing and refining companies, and terminal companies.
Hoffman, C. (ed.)
Computer aided surface representation
The central research problem of this project is the effective representation, computation, and display of surfaces interpolating to information in three or more dimensions. If the given information is located on another surface, then the problem is to construct a surface defined on a surface''. Sometimes properties of an already defined surface are desired, which is geometry processing''. Visualization of multivariate surfaces is possible by means of contouring higher dimensional surfaces. These problems and more are discussed below. The broad sweep from constructive mathematics through computational algorithms to computer graphics illustrations is utilized in this research. The breadth and depth of this research activity makes this research project unique.
Barnhill, R.E.
Graphical Representation of Supersymmetry
A graphical representation of supersymmetry is presented. It clearly expresses the chiral flow appearing in SUSY quantities, by representing spinors by {\\it directed lines} (arrows). The chiral suffixes are expressed by the directions (up, down, left, right) of the arrows. The SL(2,C) invariants are represented by {\\it wedges}. Both the Weyl spinor and the Majorana spinor are treated. We are free from the complicated symbols of spinor suffixes. The method is applied to the 5D supersymmetry. Many applications are expected. The result is suitable for coding a computer program and is highly expected to be applicable to various SUSY theories (including Supergravity) in various dimensions.
Shoichi Ichinose
Use of geothermal heat for sugar refining. Final report, October 1, 1976--May 31, 1977
The economic and technical feasibility of applying low grade geothermal heat (less than 300/sup 0/F) in the beet sugar refining industry for both new factory construction and retrofit conversion of existing factories was assessed. The representative Holly Sugar factory at Brawley, California, was utilized as a baseline primarily because of its centralized location with respect to the known and partially developed geothermal anomalies at Brawley, East Mesa, and Heber. Nominal values for the key parameters of the sugar refining process and typical values for the geothermal fluid parameters representative of geothermal resources in areas of existing or potential future sugar factories were defined, promising points of application were identified, and conceptual designs synthesized for introducing the geothermal heat into the process. The design approaches were then quantified with capital, operating and maintenance costs, and comparative economic evaluations were made with other fuels projected to 1995. In parallel with the detailed study of process conversion to geothermal heat, the existing pattern and potential growth of the sugar refining industry was assessed to estimate the potential market for new factory construction at suitable areas, as well as the potential for retrofit conversion of existing factories. The environmental impact of other geothermal application concepts was also assessed, and expected technological or industry/government policy changes which might affect the potential for conversion to geothermal heat were identified and evaluated. Emphasis was placed on achieving results that would stimulate commercial utilization of geothermal heat for beet sugar refining and related processes.
Pearson, R.O.
Rocky Mountain area petroleum product availability with reduced PADD IV refining capacity
Studies of Rocky Mountain area petroleum product availability with reduced refining capacity in Petroleum Administration for Defense IV (PADD IV, part of the Rocky Mountain area) have been performed with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Refinery Yield Model, a linear program which has been updated to blend gasolines to satisfy constraints on emissions of nitrogen oxides and winter toxic air pollutants. The studies do not predict refinery closures in PADD IV. Rather, the reduced refining capacities provide an analytical framework for probing the flexibility of petroleum refining and distribution for winter demand conditions in the year 2000. Industry analysts have estimated that, for worst case scenarios, 20 to 35 percent of PADD IV refining capacity could be shut-down as a result of clean air and energy tax legislation. Given these industry projections, the study scenarios provide the following conclusions: The Rocky Mountain area petroleum system would have the capability to satisfy winter product demand with PADD IV refinery capacity shut-downs in the middle of the range of industry projections, but not in the high end of the range of projections. PADD IV crude oil production can be maintained by re-routing crude released from PADD IV refinery demands to satisfy increased crude oil demands in PADDs II (Midwest), III (Gulf Coast), and Washington. Clean Air Act product quality regulations generally do not increase the difficulty of satisfying emissions reduction constraints in the scenarios.
Hadder, G.R.; Chin, S.M.
Changing World Product Markets and Potential Refining Capacity ...
Changing World Product Markets and Potential Refining Capacity Increases. NPRA Annual Meeting March 2006
Minnesota, Wisconsin, North and South Dakota Refining District ...
Minnesota, Wisconsin, North and South Dakota Refining District Percent Utilization of Refinery Operable Capacity (Percent)
Refining District New Mexico Gross Inputs to Atmospheric Crude Oil ...
Refining District New Mexico Gross Inputs to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units (Thousand Barrels per Day)
Texas Inland Refining District Operable Crude Oil Distillation ...
Texas Inland Refining District Operable Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (Thousand Barrels per Calendar Day)
East Coast Refining District Operable Crude Oil Distillation ...
East Coast Refining District Operable Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (Thousand Barrels per Calendar Day)
Parallel Cell Projection Rendering of Adaptive Mesh Refinement Data
Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is a technique used in numerical simulations to automatically refine (or de-refine) certain regions of the physical domain in a finite difference calculation. AMR data consists of nested hierarchies of data grids. As AMR ... Keywords: volume rendering, adaptive mesh refinement, load balancing, multi-grid methods, parallel rendering, visualization
Gunther H. Weber; Martin Ohler; Oliver Kreylos; John M. Shalf; E. Wes Bethel; Bernd Hamann; Gerik Scheuermann
Refining District Minnesota-Wisconsin-North Dakota-South ...
Refining District Minnesota-Wisconsin-North Dakota-South Dakota Refinery Yield of Petroleum Coke (Percent)
Norwegian Silicon Refining AS | Open Energy Information
Refining AS Refining AS Jump to: navigation, search Name Norwegian Silicon Refining AS Place Oslo, Norway Zip 214 Product Oslo-based company with an upgraded metallurgical silicon (UMG) production process called the Stubergh method. Coordinates 59.91228°, 10.74998° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":59.91228,"lon":10.74998,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
1995 Reformulated Gasoline Market Affected Refiners Differently
5 Reformulated Gasoline Market Affected 5 Reformulated Gasoline Market Affected Refiners Differently by John Zyren, Charles Dale and Charles Riner Introduction The United States has completed its first summer driving season using reformulated gasoline (RFG). Motorists noticed price increases at the retail level, resulting from the increased cost to produce and deliver the product, as well as from the tight sup- ply/demand balance during the summer. This arti- cle focuses on the costs of producing RFG as experienced by different types of refiners and on how these refiners fared this past summer, given the prices for RFG at the refinery gate. RFG Regulatory Requirements The use of RFG is a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA). The CAAA cover a wide range of programs aimed at improving air qual-
Minimally refined biomass fuels: an economic shortcut
An economic shortcut can be realized if the sugars from which ethanol is made are utilized directly as concentrated aqueous solutions for fuels rather than by further refining them through fermentation and distillation steps. Simple evaporation of carbohydrate solutions from sugar cane or sweet sorghum, or from hydrolysis of starch or cellulose content of many plants yield potential liquid fuels of energy contents (on a volume basis) comparable to highly refined liquid fuels like methanol and ethanol. The potential utilization of such minimally refined biomass derived fuels is discussed and the burning of sucrose-ethanol-water solutions in a small modified domestic burner is demonstrated. Other potential uses of sugar solutions or emulsion and microemulsions in fuel oils for use in diesel or turbine engines are proposed and discussed.
Pearson, R.K.; Hirschfeld, T.B.
Introduction to Energy Savings in Process Heating for the Corn Refining
Savings in Process Heating for the Corn Savings in Process Heating for the Corn Refining Industry Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources
Metal decontamination for waste minimization using liquid metal refining technology
The current Department of Energy Mixed Waste Treatment Project flowsheet indicates that no conventional technology, other than surface decontamination, exists for metal processing. Current Department of Energy guidelines require retrievable storage of all metallic wastes containing transuranic elements above a certain concentration. This project is in support of the National Mixed Low Level Waste Treatment Program. Because of the high cost of disposal, it is important to develop an effective decontamination and volume reduction method for low-level contaminated metals. It is important to be able to decontaminate complex shapes where surfaces are hidden or inaccessible to surface decontamination processes and destruction of organic contamination. These goals can be achieved by adapting commercial metal refining processes to handle radioactive and organic contaminated metal. The radioactive components are concentrated in the slag, which is subsequently vitrified; hazardous organics are destroyed by the intense heat of the bath. The metal, after having been melted and purified, could be recycled for use within the DOE complex. In this project, we evaluated current state-of-the-art technologies for metal refining, with special reference to the removal of radioactive contaminants and the destruction of hazardous organics. This evaluation was based on literature reports, industrial experience, plant visits, thermodynamic calculations, and engineering aspects of the various processes. The key issues addressed included radioactive partitioning between the metal and slag phases, minimization of secondary wastes, operability of the process subject to widely varying feed chemistry, and the ability to seal the candidate process to prevent the release of hazardous species.
Joyce, E.L. Jr.; Lally, B. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Ozturk, B.; Fruehan, R.J. [Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
The process approach to synthesizing and analyzing of 3D representations of complex technical objects
3D-representations of complex technical objects are the basis of today's industry. The proposed technology solves tasks of increasing the accuracy and comprehension of the 3D-representations, and decreasing the time needed to synthesize ones. It bases ... Keywords: 3D-models, fuzzy sets, linguistic variables, process estimation
A. F. Pokhilko; L. E. Kamalov
A Cluster Refinement Algorithm for Motif Discovery
Finding Transcription Factor Binding Sites, i.e., motif discovery, is crucial for understanding the gene regulatory relationship. Motifs are weakly conserved and motif discovery is an NP-hard problem. We propose a new approach called Cluster Refinement ... Keywords: Transcription factor binding site, motif discovery.
Gang Li; Tak-Ming Chan; Kwong-Sak Leung; Kin-Hong Lee
Arnold Schwarzenegger REFINING ESTIMATES OF WATER-
of magnitude of waterrelated energy use do not consider energy that is produced as a byproduct of water supply decrease in a dry year. The amount of water delivered or hydropower produced depends on a number Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor REFINING ESTIMATES OF WATER- RELATED ENERGY USE IN CALIFORNIA
SEARCH NAVIGATE REFINE PERSONALIZE SAVE SEARCH OPERATORS Search using AND, OR, NOT, and SAME (same sentence) to create logical search state- ments. Nest search operators inside parentheses. Search exact Web of Science® Quick Reference Card Search over 9,200 journals from over 45 different languages
Russell, Lynn
Ontology-based automatic query refinement
The effectiveness of user query plays a vital role in retrieving highly relevant documents in keyword-based search engine. Because of the lack of domain knowledge, users tend to post very short queries, which do not express their information need ... Keywords: automatic query refinement, document retrieval, information retrieval, keywords, ontology, query expansion, retrieval relevancy, search engines, semantic search, user queries
S. Sendhilkumar; G. S. Mahalakshmi; S. N. Rajasekar
Deriving Efficient Cache Coherence Protocols Through Refinement
We address the problem of developing efficient cache coherence protocols for use in distributed systems implementing distributed shared memory (DSM) using message passing. A serious drawback of traditional approaches to this problem is that the users ... Keywords: DSM protocols, communication protocols, refinement
Ratan Nalumasu; Ganesh Gopalakrishnan
Hydrocarbon Processing`s refining processes `96
The paper compiles information on the following refining processes: alkylation, benzene reduction, benzene saturation, catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, coking, crude distillation, deasphalting, deep catalytic cracking, electrical desalting, ethers, fluid catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, hydrogenation, hydrotreating, isomerization, resid catalytic cracking, treating, and visbreaking. The application, products, a description of the process, yield, economics, installation, and licensor are given for each entry.
New Seismic Model Will Refine Hazard Analysis at U.S. Nuclear Plants |
New Seismic Model Will Refine Hazard Analysis at U.S. Nuclear New Seismic Model Will Refine Hazard Analysis at U.S. Nuclear Plants New Seismic Model Will Refine Hazard Analysis at U.S. Nuclear Plants January 31, 2012 - 2:09pm Addthis The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) released a new seismic study today that will help U.S. nuclear facilities in the central and eastern United States reassess seismic hazards. The Central and Eastern United States Seismic Source Characterization for Nuclear Facilities model and report is the culmination of a four-year effort among the participating organizations and replaces previous seismic source models used by industry and government since the late 1980s. The NRC is requesting U.S. nuclear power plants to reevaluate seismic
The polaris inter representation
The Polaris Program Manipulation System is a production quality tool for source-to-source transformations and complex analysis of Fortran code. In this paper, we describe the motivations for and the implementation of Polaris` internal representation (IR). The IR is composed of a basic abstract syntax tree on top of which exist many layers of functionality. This functionality allows complex operations on the data structure. Further, the IR is designed to enforce the consistency of the internal structure in terms of both the correctness of the data structures such as flow information. We describe how the system`s philosophies developed from its predecessor, the Delta prototyping system, and how they were implemented in Polaris` IR. We also provide a number of examples of using the Polaris system.
Faigin, K.A. [Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Weatherford, S.A.; Hoeflinger, J.P. [and others
Knowledge representation and machine translation
This paper describes a new knowledge representation called "frame knowledge representation-0" (FKR-0), and an experimental machine translation system named ATLAS/I which uses FKR-0.The purpose of FKR-0 is to stored information required for machine translation ...
Susumu Sawai; Hiromichi Fukushima; Masakatsu Sugimoto; Naoya Ukai
Industry Profile | Department of Energy
Industry Profile Industry Profile Industry Profile November 1, 2013 - 11:40am Addthis The largest energy consuming industrial sectors account for the largest share of CHP capacity; namely: Chemicals (30%), Petroleum Refining (17%), and Paper Products (14%). Other industrial sectors include: Commercial/Institutional (12%), Food (8%), Primary Metals (5%), Other Manufacturing (8%), and Other Industrial (6%). Combined heat and power (CHP)-sometimes referred to as cogeneration-involves the sequential process of producing and utilizing electricity and thermal energy from a single fuel. CHP is widely recognized to save energy and costs, while reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) and other pollutants. CHP is a realistic, near-term option for large energy efficiency improvements and significant CO2 reductions.
Dairy Industry: Industry Brief
This Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Industry Brief provides an overview of the U.S. dairy industry and ways in which electric-powered processes and technologies can be used in milk production and processing. Because of the different processes involved, the characteristics of energy consumption at milk production and processing facilities vary by facility. Most energy used in milk production is in the form of diesel fuel, followed by electricity and then by petroleum products such as gasoline an...
Parabolic refined invariants and Macdonald polynomials
A string theoretic derivation is given for the conjecture of Hausel, Letellier, and Rodriguez-Villegas on the cohomology of character varieties with marked points. Their formula is identified with a refined BPS expansion in the stable pair theory of a local root stack, generalizing previous work of the first two authors in collaboration with G. Pan. Haiman's geometric construction for Macdonald polynomials is shown to emerge naturally in this context via geometric engineering. In particular this yields a new conjectural relation between Macdonald polynomials and refined local orbifold curve counting invariants. The string theoretic approach also leads to a new spectral cover construction for parabolic Higgs bundles in terms of holomorphic symplectic orbifolds.
Wu-yen Chuang; Duiliu-Emanuel Diaconescu; Ron Donagi; Tony Pantev
Washington Refiner Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales Type
Refiner Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales Type (Dollars per Gallon Excluding Taxes) ... History; Gasoline, All Grades : Through Retail Outlets: ...
North Carolina Refiner Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales Type
Refiner Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales Type (Dollars per Gallon Excluding Taxes) Area: ... History; Gasoline, All Grades : Through Retail ...
Refining District Minnesota-Wisconsin-North Dakota-South Dakota ...
Refining District Minnesota-Wisconsin-North Dakota-South Dakota Gas Plant Production of Propane and Propylene (Thousand Barrels)
Refining District Minnesota-Wisconsin-North Dakota-South Dakota Pentanes Plus Stocks at Natural Gas Processing Plants (Thousand Barrels)
Electron Beam Cold Hearth Refinement Processing of Inconel Alloy ...
ELECTRON BEAM COLD HEARTH REFINEMENT PROCESSING OF. INCONEL" ALLOY 718 AND NIMONIC* ALLOY PK50. S. Patel+,. 1-C. Elliott+,.
P-12: Refinement of Primary and Eutectic Silicon Particles in ...
Evolution of ESR Technology and Equipment for Long Hollow Ingots Manufacture ... Phosphorus Partitioning During EAF Refining of DRI Based Steel.
LYONDELL CHEMICAL CO b Houston Refining LP..... Houston, Texas...270,200 TOTAL SA Total Petrochemicals Inc ...
Refining District Oklahoma-Kansas-Missouri Refinery and ...
Refining District Oklahoma-Kansas-Missouri Refinery and Blender Net Input of Fuel Ethanol (Thousand Barrels per Day)
Refining District Oklahoma-Kansas-Missouri Ethane-Ethylene ...
Refining District Oklahoma-Kansas-Missouri Ethane-Ethylene Stocks at Natural Gas Processing Plants (Thousand Barrels)
Action Refinement from a Logical Point of View
Action refinement provides a mechanism to design a complex reactive system hierarchically. This paper is devoted to action refinement from a logical point of view, and to combining the hierarchical implementation of a complex system with the hierarchical ... Keywords: action refinement, modal logics, reactive systems, specification, verification
Mila E. Majster-Cederbaum; Naijun Zhan; Harald Fecher
Grain Refiner for Al-Si Alloys
... the impact on castability is not well established in industries, due primarily to ... Advanced Compact Filter: ( ACF) An Efficient and Flexible Filtration Process.
New method for abbreviating the fault tree graphical representation
Fault tree analysis is being widely used for reliability and safety analysis of systems encountered in the nuclear industry and elsewhere. A disadvantage of the fault tree method is the voluminous fault tree graphical representation that conventionally results from analysis of a complex system. Previous methods for shortening the fault tree graphical representation include (1) transfers within the fault tree, and (2) the use of the SAMPLE (K out of N logic) gate, the MATRIX gate, and the SUMMATION gate. The purpose of this presentation is to introduce TABULATION gates as a method to abbreviate the fault tree graphical representation. These new gates reduce the cost of analysis and generally increase the system behavior visibility that is inherent in the fault tree technique. (auth)
Stewart, M.E.; Fussell, J.B.; Crump, R.J.
Factory Girl Literature: Sexuality, Violence, and Representation in Industrializing Korea
Asia�s Next Giant, 79. 25. South Korea as a �rich and strong234. 35. Ogle, South Korea, 107. 36. Hakch�ul literallyJongch�aek Yonguwon [Korea Institute of Criminology]. �
Barraclough, Ruth
Quantum Field Theory and Representation Theory
Quantum Field Theory and Representation Theory Peter Woit firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Mathematics Columbia University Quantum Field Theory and Representation Theory p.1 #12;Outline of the talk · Quantum Mechanics and Representation Theory: Some History Quantum Field Theory and Representation Theory
Woit, Peter
Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Characteristic Grids
I consider techniques for Berger-Oliger adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) when numerically solving partial differential equations with wave-like solutions, using characteristic (double-null) grids. Such AMR algorithms are naturally recursive, and the best-known past Berger-Oliger characteristic AMR algorithm, that of Pretorius & Lehner (J. Comp. Phys. 198 (2004), 10), recurses on individual "diamond" characteristic grid cells. This leads to the use of fine-grained memory management, with individual grid cells kept in 2-dimensional linked lists at each refinement level. This complicates the implementation and adds overhead in both space and time. Here I describe a Berger-Oliger characteristic AMR algorithm which instead recurses on null \\emph{slices}. This algorithm is very similar to the usual Cauchy Berger-Oliger algorithm, and uses relatively coarse-grained memory management, allowing entire null slices to be stored in contiguous arrays in memory. The algorithm is very efficient in both space and time. I describe discretizations yielding both 2nd and 4th order global accuracy. My code implementing the algorithm described here is included in the electronic supplementary materials accompanying this paper, and is freely available to other researchers under the terms of the GNU general public license.
Jonathan Thornburg
Immersive Representation of Building Information Model
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an emerging technology that utilizes 3D graphical representations to improve communication, collaboration, and data exchange. Immersive Visualization Environment (IVE) is another promising technology that enhances the 3D graphical representation to achieve a higher level of a sense of presence. The connection between the BIM technology that utilizes the 3D graphical representation and the IVE technology that enhances the 3D graphical representation has led many professionals to visualize BIM in immersive environments. This study is an attempt to overcome a systematic issue presented by available immersive visualization systems. The problem is that in order to visualize an information-rich BIM model from a commercial BIM application in an immersive visualization environment, the BIM model needs to pass through a tough conversion process and loss a large amount of its information. This research study utilizes the Application Programming Interface (API) of a commercially available BIM application to develop an immersive visualization environment. This approach was applied on Autodesk Navisworks software by developing a software program that utilizes Navisworks' API to control Navisworks' camera angle and generate an immersive visualization environment. A prototype of the approach was built in the Department of Construction Science at Texas A & M University and named BIM CAVE Prototype. The overall goal of this research was to prove that it is possible to transform a commercial BIM application into an immersive visualization system. A phenomenological study was utilized by interviewing subject matter experts from the construction industry. The intent of this effort was to explore and develop a phenomenological understanding of how research participants perceived the BIM CAVE system. The results show that the BIM CAVE can be considered an immersive visualization environment because it contains a majority of the immersive visualization environment features. However, a variety of technical limitations must be overcome before it can be called a fully immersive and functional visualization environment. Moreover, even though this investigation was to some extent successful, this research approach needs to be tested on other commercially available BIM applications before generalizations are made.
Nseir, Hussam
Representation of Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Modes
One of the most fundamental properties of ideal magnetohydrodynamics is the condition that plasma motion cannot change magnetic topology. The conventional representation of ideal magnetohydrodynamic modes by perturbing a toroidal equilibrium field through ? ? = ? X (xi X B) ensures that ? B � ? ? = 0 at a resonance, with ? labelling an equilibrium flux surface. Also useful for the analysis of guiding center orbits in a perturbed field is the representation ? ? = ? X ?B. These two representations are equivalent, but the vanishing of ? B � ?? at a resonance is necessary but not sufficient for the preservation of field line topology, and a indiscriminate use of either perturbation in fact destroys the original equilibrium flux topology. It is necessary to find the perturbed field to all orders in xi to conserve the original topology. The effect of using linearized perturbations on stability and growth rate calculations is discussed
Roscoe B. White
Industrial cogeneration optimization program
The purpose of this program was to identify up to 10 good near-term opportunities for cogeneration in 5 major energy-consuming industries which produce food, textiles, paper, chemicals, and refined petroleum; select, characterize, and optimize cogeneration systems for these identified opportunities to achieve maximum energy savings for minimum investment using currently available components of cogenerating systems; and to identify technical, institutional, and regulatory obstacles hindering the use of industrial cogeneration systems. The analysis methods used and results obtained are described. Plants with fuel demands from 100,000 Btu/h to 3 x 10/sup 6/ Btu/h were considered. It was concluded that the major impediments to industrial cogeneration are financial, e.g., high capital investment and high charges by electric utilities during short-term cogeneration facility outages. In the plants considered an average energy savings from cogeneration of 15 to 18% compared to separate generation of process steam and electric power was calculated. On a national basis for the 5 industries considered, this extrapolates to saving 1.3 to 1.6 quads per yr or between 630,000 to 750,000 bbl/d of oil. Properly applied, federal activity can do much to realize a substantial fraction of this potential by lowering the barriers to cogeneration and by stimulating wider implementation of this technology. (LCL)
A generic theorem prover of CSP refinement
Abstract. We describe a new tool called Csp-Prover which is an interactive theorem prover dedicated to refinement proofs within the process algebra Csp. It aims specifically at proofs for infinite state systems, which may also involve infinite non-determinism. Semantically, Csp-Prover supports both the theory of complete metric spaces as well as the theory of complete partial orders. Both these theories are implemented for infinite product spaces. Technically, Csp-Prover is based on the theorem prover Isabelle. It provides a deep encoding of Csp. The tool�s architecture follows a generic approach which makes it easy to adapt it for various Csp models besides those studied here: the stable failures model F and the traces model T. 1
Yoshinao Isobe; Markus Roggenbach
Visualization of Scalar Adaptive Mesh Refinement Data
Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is a highly effective computation method for simulations that span a large range of spatiotemporal scales, such as astrophysical simulations, which must accommodate ranges from interstellar to sub-planetary. Most mainstream visualization tools still lack support for AMR grids as a first class data type and AMR code teams use custom built applications for AMR visualization. The Department of Energy's (DOE's) Science Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET) is currently working on extending VisIt, which is an open source visualization tool that accommodates AMR as a first-class data type. These efforts will bridge the gap between general-purpose visualization applications and highly specialized AMR visual analysis applications. Here, we give an overview of the state of the art in AMR scalar data visualization research.
VACET; Weber, Gunther; Weber, Gunther H.; Beckner, Vince E.; Childs, Hank; Ligocki, Terry J.; Miller, Mark C.; Van Straalen, Brian; Bethel, E. Wes
Visualization Tools for Adaptive Mesh Refinement Data
Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is a highly effective method for simulations that span a large range of spatiotemporal scales, such as astrophysical simulations that must accommodate ranges from interstellar to sub-planetary. Most mainstream visualization tools still lack support for AMR as a first class data type and AMR code teams use custom built applications for AMR visualization. The Department of Energy's (DOE's) Science Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET) is currently working on extending VisIt, which is an open source visualization tool that accommodates AMR as a first-class data type. These efforts will bridge the gap between general-purpose visualization applications and highly specialized AMR visual analysis applications. Here, we give an overview of the state of the art in AMR visualization research and tools and describe how VisIt currently handles AMR data.
Weber, Gunther H.; Beckner, Vincent E.; Childs, Hank; Ligocki,Terry J.; Miller, Mark C.; Van Straalen, Brian; Bethel, E. Wes
Renewable Energy Project Refinement Webinar | Department of Energy
Renewable Energy Project Refinement Webinar Renewable Energy Project Refinement Webinar Renewable Energy Project Refinement Webinar May 28, 2014 11:00AM MDT Attendees will become familiar with the three components of project refinement: project financing strategies, off-taker agreements, and vendor selection. Project refinement obstacles, particularly financing, can deter the deployment of renewable energy projects on tribal lands. Attendees will learn about the financial resources and ownership options available-including venture capital and innovative financing-that can help Tribes overcome longstanding barriers and attract higher levels of private investment. Finally, attendees will learn how project refinement can accelerate renewable energy development and, with it, tribal economic and community development. There is no cost to attend the webinar, but
A CSP Account of Event-B Refinement
Event-B provides a flexible framework for stepwise system development via refinement. The framework supports steps for (a) refining events (one-by-one), (b) splitting events (one-by-many), and (c) introducing new events. In each of the steps events can moreover possibly be anticipated or convergent. All such steps are accompanied with precise proof obligations. Still, it remains unclear what the exact relationship - in terms of a behaviour-oriented semantics - between an Event-B machine and its refinement is. In this paper, we give a CSP account of Event-B refinement, with a treatment for the first time of splitting events and of anticipated events. To this end, we define a CSP semantics for Event-B and show how the different forms of Event-B refinement can be captured as CSP refinement.
Schneider, Steve; Wehrheim, Heike; 10.4204/EPTCS.55.9
Renewable Energy Financial Instruments Guidance Tool (REFINe) | Open Energy
Renewable Energy Financial Instruments Guidance Tool (REFINe) Renewable Energy Financial Instruments Guidance Tool (REFINe) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Renewable Energy Financial Instruments Guidance Tool (REFINe) Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Policy Impacts Website: web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTENERGY2/0,,contentMDK:2298 Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/renewable-energy-financial-instrument Language: English Policies: "Deployment Programs,Financial Incentives" is not in the list of possible values (Deployment Programs, Financial Incentives, Regulations) for this property. DeploymentPrograms: Training & Education Renewable Energy Financial Instruments Guidance Tool (REFINe) aims to assist policy in identifying appropriate financial instruments to scale-up
High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Grain-refined Inconel 617 ...
The Cr-depleted zone of grain-refined alloy was thicker than that of the ... Intergranular Thermal Residual Strain in Rolled and Texture-free ?-Uranium.
Table 43. Refiner Motor Gasoline Volumes by Grade, Sales Type...
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
220 Energy Information AdministrationPetroleum Marketing Annual 1998 Table 43. Refiner Motor Gasoline Volumes by Grade, Sales Type, PAD District, and State (Thousand Gallons per...
Table 44. Refiner Motor Gasoline Volumes by Formulation, Sales...
250 Energy Information AdministrationPetroleum Marketing Annual 1999 Table 44. Refiner Motor Gasoline Volumes by Formulation, Sales Type, PAD District, and State (Thousand Gallons...
Table 31. Refiner Motor Gasoline Prices by Grade, Sales Type ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration/Petroleum Marketing Monthly February 2012 76 Table 31. Refiner Motor Gasoline Prices by Grade, Sales Type, PAD District, and State
WPSR provides comprehensive crude oil and refined products ...
EIA's Weekly Petroleum Status Report (WPSR) is the most comprehensive weekly data available for U.S. crude oil and refined petroleum product balances.
Refiner Prices of Gasoline, All Grades - Sales for Resale
Refiner Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales Type ... Download Series History: Definitions, Sources & Notes: ... Alabama: 2.759: 2.740: 2.731: ...
Massachusetts Refiner Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales Type
Refiner Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales Type (Dollars per Gallon Excluding Taxes) Area: ... History; Gasoline, All Grades : Through Retail Outlets: ...
Refining District Minnesota-Wisconsin-North Dakota-South Dakota Gas Plant Production of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquid Refinery Gases (Thousand Barrels)
Refining District Oklahoma-Kansas-Missouri Natural Gas Liquids ...
Refining District Oklahoma-Kansas-Missouri Natural Gas Liquids and Liquid Refinery Gases Stocks at Natural Gas Processing Plants (Thousand Barrels)
Production, Refining and Recycling of Rare Earth Metals
This symposium is targeting on overview of the current state of the art for production, refining and recycling of the rare earth metals. In addition the symposium is�...
Rising challenges for the petroleum refiners in managing corrosion ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2014 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Materials Aspects of Corrosion and Fouling in Oil Refining and Exploration.
Refiners react to changes in the pipeline infrastructure
Petroleum pipelines have long been a critical component in the distribution of crude and refined products in the U.S. Pipelines are typically the most cost efficient mode of transportation for reasonably consistent flow rates. For obvious reasons, inland refineries and consumers are much more dependent on petroleum pipelines to provide supplies of crude and refined products than refineries and consumers located on the coasts. Significant changes in U.S. distribution patterns for crude and refined products are reshaping the pipeline infrastructure and presenting challenges and opportunities for domestic refiners. These changes are discussed.
Giles, K.A. [Barnes and Click Inc., Dallas, TX (United States)
Electron Beam Cold Hearth Refining of Investment Casting ...
Electron Beam Cold Hearth Refining of Investment Casting Superalloys in a Large Production EB Furnace. Janine C. Borofka. Axe1 Johnson Metals, Inc.
and Friedman, S. ,"Conversion of Anthraxylon - Kinetics ofiv- LBL 116807 CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF SOLVENT REFINED COALand Mechanisms of Coal Conversion to Clean Fuel,iI pre-
Tanner, K.I.
Effect of Sonotrode Design on Simultaneous Grain Refinement and ...
P-18: Phosphorus Partitioning During EAF Refining of DRI Based Steel ... P-8: Evolution of ESR Technology and Equipment for Long Hollow Ingots Manufacture.
Massachusetts Propane Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners ...
Massachusetts Propane Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners (Thousand Gallons per Day) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 ... No.1 and No. 2 ...
Copper Refining Electrolyte Purification by the Use of Molecular ...
Presentation Title, Copper Refining Electrolyte Purification by the Use of Molecular ... An Experimental Study of Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal from the�...
Studies on Refining Cobalt Salt Solution by Extraction ...
Cobalt sulfate solution was refined by PC88A levextrel Resins which produced from HPD-100 type of ethylene benzene -divinylbenzene porous adsorption resin �...
Table 40. Refiners' Total Operable Atmospheric Crude Oil ...
Table 40. Refiners' Total Operable Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Capacity as of January 1, 2005 Companies with Capacity Over 100,000 bbl/cd
Table 5. Refiners' Total Operable Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Capacity as of January 1, 2006 Companies with Capacity Over 100,000 bbl/cd
Refining District Minnesota-Wisconsin-North Dakota-South Dakota Gas Plant Production of Propane and Propylene (Thousand Barrels per Day)
Industry sector analysis, Mexico: Annual petroleum report. Export Trade Information
The comprehensive appraisal of the Mexican Petroleum industry was completed in July 1991. Some of the topics concerning the Mexican petroleum industry covered in the Annual Petroleum Report include: exploration efforts, oil reserves, pipelines, refining, finances, transportation, alternative energy sources, and others. The report also contains lists of petrochemicals produced in Mexico and extensive statistics on oil production and export prices.
Industrial Applications
Table 2 Frequently used rubber linings in other industries...Application Lining Power industry Scrubber towers Blended chlorobutyl Limestone slurry tanks Blended chlorobutyl Slurry piping Blended chlorobutyl 60 Shore A hardness natural rubber Seawater cooling water
Industrial Buildings
Industrial Industrial Industrial / Manufacturing Buildings Industrial/manufacturing buildings are not considered commercial, but are covered by the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS). See the MECS home page for further information. Commercial buildings found on a manufacturing industrial complex, such as an office building for a manufacturer, are not considered to be commercial if they have the same owner and operator as the industrial complex. However, they would be counted in the CBECS if they were owned and operated independently of the manufacturing industrial complex. Specific questions may be directed to: Joelle Michaels firstname.lastname@example.com CBECS Manager Release date: January 21, 2003 Page last modified: May 5, 2009 10:18 AM http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/data/archive/cbecs/pba99/industrial.html
Industries Affected
Table 2 Industries affected by microbiologically influenced corrosion...generation: nuclear, hydro, fossil fuel,
Comments on �Breakpoint Representation of Rainfall�
In a recent paper, Sansom presents a new representation of subhour rainfall variations as derived from pluviographs from tilting-siphon raingages. This representation is based on breakpoints where the trace changes slope abruptly. He draws on ...
Lars B�rring
Quantum Mechanics and Representation Theory Columbia University
Quantum Mechanics and Representation Theory Peter Woit Columbia University Texas Tech, November 21 2013 Peter Woit (Columbia University) Quantum Mechanics and Representation Theory November 2013 1 / 30 #12;Does Anyone Understand Quantum Mechanics? "No One Understands Quantum Mechanics" "I think
Improving Ariadne's Bundle by Following Multiple Threads in Abstraction Refinement
The authors propose a scalable abstraction-refinement method for model checking invariant properties on large sequential circuits, which is based on fine-grain abstraction and simultaneous analysis of all abstract counterexamples of the shortest length. ... Keywords: Abstraction refinement, binary decision diagram (BDD), formal verification, model checking, satisfiability (SAT)
Chao Wang; Bing Li; HoonSang Jin; G. D. Hachtel; F. Somenzi
Green Vegetable Oil ProcessingChapter 9 Physical Refining
Green Vegetable Oil Processing Chapter 9 Physical Refining Processing eChapters Processing 7E84B6524348AB59C4DF2B6D388E2582 AOCS Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 9 Physical Refining from the book ...
Refining and End Use Study of Coal Liquids
This report summarizes revisions to the design basis for the linear programing refining model that is being used in the Refining and End Use Study of Coal Liquids. This revision primarily reflects the addition of data for the upgrading of direct coal liquids.
Augmenting Counterexample-Guided Abstraction Refinement with Proof Templates
Existing software model checkers based on predicate abstraction and refinement typically perform poorly at verifying the absence of buffer overflows, with analyses depending on the sizes of the arrays checked. We observe that many of these analyses can ... Keywords: safety verification, counterexample-guided abstraction refinement, proof templates, software model checkers, predicate abstraction, buffer overflows verification, array traversal idioms, PtYasm, Verisec suite
T. E. Hart; K. Ku; A. Gurfinkel; M. Chechik; D. Lie
Hierarchical Partitioning Techniques for Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement Applications
This paper presents the design and preliminary evaluation of hierarchical partitioning and load-balancing techniques for distributed structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) applications. The overall goal of these techniques is to enable the load distribution ... Keywords: distributed computing, dynamic load balancing, hierarchical partitioning algorithm, structured adaptive mesh refinement
Xiaolin Li; Manish Parashar
Representation of Limited Rights Data and Restricted Computer...
Representation of Limited Rights Data and Restricted Computer Software Representation of Limited Rights Data and Restricted Computer Software Representation of Limited Rights Data...
Significant Properties, Authenticity, Provenance, Representation Information and OAIS Information
Provenance, Representation Information and OAIS DavidOAIS term Representation Information has been a puzzle. Thisignoring Representation Information, other than structure
Steel refining with an electrochemical cell
Apparatus is described for processing a metallic fluid containing iron oxide, container for a molten metal including an electrically conductive refractory disposed for contact with the molten metal which contains iron oxide, an electrolyte in the form of a basic slag on top of the molten metal, an electrode in the container in contact with the slag electrically separated from the refractory, and means for establishing a voltage across the refractory and the electrode to reduce iron oxide to iron at the surface of the refractory in contact with the iron oxide containing fluid. A process is disclosed for refining an iron product containing not more than about 10% by weight oxygen and not more than about 10% by weight sulfur, comprising providing an electrolyte of a slag containing one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, silica or alumina, providing a cathode of the iron product in contact with the electrolyte, providing an anode in contact with the electrolyte electrically separated from the cathode, and operating an electrochemical cell formed by the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte to separate oxygen or sulfur present in the iron product therefrom. 2 figs.
Blander, M.; Cook, G.M.
Performance evaluation of robotic knowledge representation (PERK)
In this paper, we explore some ways in which symbolic knowledge representations have been evaluated in the past and provide some thoughts on what should be considered when applying and evaluating these types of knowledge representations for real-time ... Keywords: knowledge representation, ontologies, performance metrics, real-time, robotics
Craig Schlenoff; Sebti Foufou; Stephen Balakirsky
Temporal Representation in Semantic Graphs
A wide range of knowledge discovery and analysis applications, ranging from business to biological, make use of semantic graphs when modeling relationships and concepts. Most of the semantic graphs used in these applications are assumed to be static pieces of information, meaning temporal evolution of concepts and relationships are not taken into account. Guided by the need for more advanced semantic graph queries involving temporal concepts, this paper surveys the existing work involving temporal representations in semantic graphs.
Levandoski, J J; Abdulla, G M
Computational representation of biological systems
Integration of large and diverse biological data sets is a daunting problem facing systems biology researchers. Exploring the complex issues of data validation, integration, and representation, we present a systematic approach for the management and analysis of large biological data sets based on data warehouses. Our system has been implemented in the Bioverse, a framework combining diverse protein information from a variety of knowledge areas such as molecular interactions, pathway localization, protein structure, and protein function.
Frazier, Zach; McDermott, Jason E.; Guerquin, Michal; Samudrala, Ram
Does the CO2 emission trading directive threaten the competitiveness of European industry?
, gas and water; non-metallic minerals; iron and steel; petroleum refining, coke and nuclear fuel industry refining, coke and nuclear fuels chemicals machinery and equipement, N.E.C. textile, textile sector, the loss in turnover is then the higher, the higher the four items below: 1. the cost of CO2
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Alternative Approach to Nuclear Data Representation
This paper considers an approach for representing nuclear data that is qualitatively different from the approach currently adopted by the nuclear science community. Specifically, they examine a representation in which complicated data is described through collections of distinct and self contained simple data structures. This structure-based representation is compared with the ENDF and ENDL formats, which can be roughly characterized as dictionary-based representations. A pilot data representation for replacing the format currently used at LLNL is presented. Examples are given as is a discussion of promises and shortcomings associated with moving from traditional dictionary-based formats to a structure-rich or class-like representation.
Pruet, J; Brown, D; Beck, B; McNabb, D P
Changing System Interfaces Consistently: a New Refinement Strategy for CSP B
Changing System Interfaces Consistently: a New Refinement Strategy for CSP B Steve Schneider refinement in the context of CSP B. Our motivation to include this notion of refinement within the CSP B to change the events of a CSP process and the B machines when refining a system. Notions of refinement based
Doran, Simon J.
Sanyo Chemical Industries | Open Energy Information
Chemical Industries Chemical Industries Jump to: navigation, search Name Sanyo Chemical Industries Place Tokyo, Japan Zip 103-0023 Product String representation "Sanyo is a petr ... uction process." is too long. References Sanyo Chemical Industries[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Sanyo Chemical Industries is a company located in Tokyo, Japan . References ↑ "Sanyo Chemical Industries" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Sanyo_Chemical_Industries&oldid=350614" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties
Industry @ ALS
Industry @ ALS Industry @ ALS Industry @ ALS Concrete Industry Benefits from Ancient Romans and the ALS Print Thursday, 17 October 2013 14:24 New insights into the Romans' ingenious concrete harbor structures emerging from ALS beamline research could move the modern concrete industry toward its goal of a reduced carbon footprint. Summary Slide Read more... Moving Industry Forward: Finding the Environmental Opportunity in Biochar Print Thursday, 12 September 2013 08:41 Using ALS Beamlines 10.3.2 and 8.3.2, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently investigating how biochar sorbs environmental toxins and which kinds of biochar are the most effective. The possibilities for widespread use have already launched entrepreneurial commercial ventures. Summary Slide
Three faces of US refining: Margins by gasoline customer type
While it is well known that the US gasoline market has become more volatile in recent years, it is less widely appreciated that the deeply structured, term-contract-oriented companies within the refining and marketing sectors are likely to obtain the best profit margins. This issue stratifies refining margins by class of wholesale-gasoline trade. This issue also presents the following: (a) ED refining netback data series for the US Gulf and West Coasts, Rotterdam, and Singapore as of September 8, 1989; and (b) ED fuel price/tax series for countries of the Western Hemisphere, September 1989 edition. 5 figs., 5 tabs.
Integrated process for the solvent refining of coal
A process is set forth for the integrated liquefaction of coal by the catalytic solvent refining of a feed coal in a first stage to liquid and solid products and the catalytic hydrogenation of the solid product in a second stage to produce additional liquid product. A fresh inexpensive, throw-away catalyst is utilized in the second stage hydrogenation of the solid product and this catalyst is recovered and recycled for catalyst duty in the solvent refining stage without any activation steps performed on the used catalyst prior to its use in the solvent refining of feed coal.
Garg, Diwakar (Macungie, PA)
,"Weekly Refiner Net Production"
Refiner Net Production" Refiner Net Production" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","Weekly Refiner Net Production",21,"Weekly","12/13/2013","6/4/2010" ,"Release Date:","12/18/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","12/27/2013" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_pnp_wprodr_s1_w.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_wprodr_s1_w.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration" ,"For Help, Contact:","email@example.com" ,,"(202) 586-8800",,,"12/18/2013 10:39:21 AM"
Processing factors contributing to growth and decline in the steel industry
During the second half of the twentieth century, a technological shift occurred in the steel industry. A different mix of refining and melting furnaces were used, with increasing use being made of basic oxygen and electric ...
Dufalla, Michele (Michele Helene)
Media representation of maternal neonaticide
The present research conducted a rich discourse analysis of an episode of the fictional television crime drama, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, as well as a content analysis of local and national news transcripts focusing on the representation of mothers who commit neonaticide. Both fictional and non-fictional media sources exhibited aspects of the monstrous maternal theme and the strain defense theme. The monstrous maternal theme consists of words and statements that indicate the descriptions of crime committed against the newborn as well as negative responses and reactions by others to the young mother and her crime. The strain defense theme refers to instances that discuss the internal and external strains of the young woman that may have contributed to her committing neonaticide. However, the "monstrous maternal" is the prevailing representation of mothers who commit neonaticide in both fictional and non-fictional media sources. This media representation utilizes "control talk" to separate "us" the good mothers, who abide by the cultural expectations of traditional gender roles and embrace the internal and external strains of motherhood, from "them" the criminal mothers, who fail to adhere to these role expectations of motherhood by committing neonaticide. The present research reveals that cultural stories and scripts of the monstrous maternal still exist. This contemporary folklore may serve as a form of social control to scare women into conforming to these traditional gender roles and bearing the burden of the motherhood strains, in order to avoid being branded a bad mother. Finally, the present research develops the application of General Strain Theory to explain the internal and external strains of a young woman that may contribute to her committing the criminal act of maternal neonaticide. These media representations of maternal neonaticide could impact the criminal justice system and public policy. Questions of accuracy, gendered understandings of crime and gendered understanding of appropriate punishment are areas the present research explores. Most importantly, the present research seeks to investigate the connection between legal culture in both media and professional practice - and what those connections mean for our general cultural understandings of violence and aggression in women.
Lewis, Jocelyn Renee
2012 Short Course Edible Oils Refining Update: From the Fundamentals to New Technologies
Edible Oils Refining Update: From the Fundamentals to New Technologies held at the 103rd AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo. 2012 Short Course Edible Oils Refining Update: From the Fundamentals to New Technologies Edible Oils Refining Update: From the Fund
Developing Refined Products Storage in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve |
Refined Products Storage in the Strategic Petroleum Refined Products Storage in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Developing Refined Products Storage in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve May 12, 2009 - 3:14pm Addthis Statement of David F. Johnson, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Petroleum Reserves before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate. Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, I am pleased to be here today to discuss the issue of developing refined products storage in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. As you know, the SPR was established by Congress through passage of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act in 1975 in response to the Arab oil embargoes. The primary policy of the U.S. petroleum stockpiling program has been to store crude oil. The SPR has served to protect our Nation from crude oil supply interruptions for over three
Secretary Bodman Tours Refinery and Calls for More Domestic Refining
Tours Refinery and Calls for More Domestic Tours Refinery and Calls for More Domestic Refining Capacity Secretary Bodman Tours Refinery and Calls for More Domestic Refining Capacity May 18, 2006 - 10:43am Addthis Highlights President Bush's Four-Point Plan to Combat High Energy Prices PORT ARTHUR, TX - Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman today renewed the call for expanded oil refining capacity in the United States and discussed additional steps the Department of Energy (DOE) is taking to prepare for the upcoming hurricane season. Secretary Bodman made the statements after touring the Motiva Refinery in Port Arthur, Texas. "We need a more robust energy sector; and one way to do that is to strengthen and expand our domestic oil refining capacity. We're hopeful that Motiva will continue to work to expand their capacity to 600,000
Evaluation of Electron-Beam Cold Hearth Refining (EBCHR) of ...
EVALUATION OF ELECTRON-BEAM COLD HEARTH REFINING (EBCHR) OF. VIRGIN AND REVERT IN738LC. P.N. Quested*, M. McLean* and M.R. Winstonet.
Polygons in Buildings and their Refined Side Lengths
1999. [Bro] K. Brown, Buildings, Springer, 1989. [BuBI] D.AMS, 2001. [D] M. Davis, Buildings are CAT(0), in �Geometryat Springerlink.com POLYGONS IN BUILDINGS AND THEIR REFINED
Kapovich, Michael; Leeb, Bernhard; Millson, John J.
California Total Gasoline Retail Sales by Refiners (Thousand ...
California Total Gasoline Retail Sales by Refiners (Thousand Gallons per Day) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9; 1990's ...
California Propane Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners (Thousand ...
California Propane Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners (Thousand Gallons per Day) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9; 1980's:
,"U.S. Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil"
Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description"," Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","U.S. Refiner...
Tennessee Propane Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners ...
Tennessee Propane Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners (Thousand Gallons per Day) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 ... No.1 and No. 2 ...
NETL: Oil & Natural Gas Projects 00516 North Dakota Refining...
the North Dakota Refining Capacity study is to assess the feasibility of increasing the oil refinery capacity in North Dakota, and, if possible, determine the scale of such an...
Evaluation of Cold Hearth Refined Inconel Alloy 718
refining of superalloys. This ha8 been identified as possibly the be8t way of ... thie material involving chemical and microetructural, as we11 as cl8anliness and.
I. Solvent Refined Coal II. Catalysts III. Purpose andSondreal, E.A. , "Viscosity of Coal Liquids - The Effect ofAnthraxylon - Kinetics of Coal Hydrogenation," Ind. and Eng.
Data refinement in a market research applications' data production process
In this contribution, we will show how empirically collected field data for a market research application are refined in a stepwise manner and enriched into end-user market reports and charts. The collected data are treated by selections, transformations, ...
Thomas Ruf; Thomas Kirsche
Query reformulation and refinement using NLP-based sentence clustering
We have developed an interactive query refinement tool that helps users search a knowledge base for solutions to problems with electronic equipment. The system is targeted towards non-technical users, who are often unable to formulate precise problem ...
Fr�d�ric Roulland; Aaron Kaplan; Stefania Castellani; Claude Roux; Antonietta Grasso; Karin Pettersson; Jacki O'Neill
MODIS Cloud-Top Property Refinements for Collection 6
This paper summarizes the Collection-6 refinements in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operational cloud-top properties algorithm. The focus is on calibration improvements and on cloud macrophysical properties including ...
Bryan A. Baum; W. Paul Menzel; Richard A. Frey; David C. Tobin; Robert E. Holz; Steve A. Ackerman; Andrew K. Heidinger; Ping Yang
Basics of Edible Oil Processing and Refining Short Course
Organizer: Dr. Sefa Koseoglu, Filtration and Membrane World LLC, USA. This is a must for engineers, chemists, and any other technicians who want to get a good understanding of edible oil refining/processing. ...
Michigan Total Gasoline Retail Sales by Refiners (Thousand Gallons ...
Michigan Total Gasoline Retail Sales by Refiners (Thousand Gallons per Day) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9; 1990's: 3,004.6:
South Dakota Gasoline Midgrade Bulk Sales (Volume) by Refiners ...
South Dakota Gasoline Midgrade Bulk Sales (Volume) by Refiners (Thousand Gallons per Day) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9;
Appendix: Industry Standards
Table 13 Commonly used standards and references for downstream (refining) materials...Practices for the Control
Former Corporation/Refiner Total Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Capacity
Former Corporation/Refiner Former Corporation/Refiner Total Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (bbl/cd) New Corporation/Refiner Date of Sale Table 12. Refinery Sales During 2012 Antelope Refining LLC Garco Energy LLC 3/12 Douglas, WY 3,800 Delta Air Lines/Monroe Energy LLC ConocoPhillips Company 4/12 Trainer, PA 185,000 Phillips 66 Company ConocoPhillips Company 5/12 Belle Chasse, LA 252,000 Billings, MT 59,000 Ferndale, WA 101,000 Linden, NJ 238,000 Ponca City, OK 198,400 Rodeo, CA 120,200 Sweeny, TX 247,000 Westlake, LA 239,400 Wilmington, CA 139,000 Nustar Asphalt LLC (50% Nustar Energy LP and 50% Lindsay Goldberg LLC) Nustar Energy LP/Nustar Asphalt Refining LLC 9/12 Paulsboro, NJ 70,000 Savannah, GA 28,000 Carlyle Group/Philadelphia Energy Solutions Refining and Marketing LLC Sunoco Inc./Sunoco Inc. R&M
Clustering large collection of biomedical literature based on ontology-enriched bipartite graph representation and mutual refinement strategy
In this paper we introduce a novel document clustering approach that solves some major problems of traditional document clustering approaches. Instead of depending on traditional vector space model, this approach represents a set of documents as bipartite ...
Illhoi Yoo; Xiaohua Hu
Development of a Performance-based Industrial Energy Efficiency Indicator
Corn Refining Plants Corn Refining Plants Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources Success stories Target Finder Technical documentation
Regional differences for cost of crude oil to refiners widened in ...
The cost of crude oil to refiners varies across regions based on the different types of crude oil available to refiners and transportation bottlenecks in that region.
Arkansas Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Retail Sales by Refiners (Thousand ...
Referring Pages: Arkansas Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel Refiner Sales Volumes; Arkansas Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes of Aviation Fuels, Kerosene, Propane, No.1 ...
Industrial Energy Efficiency Basics | Department of Energy
Industrial Energy Efficiency Basics Industrial Energy Efficiency Basics Industrial Energy Efficiency Basics The industrial sector is vital to the U.S. economy, but at the same time consumes the most energy in the country to manufacture products we use every day. Among the most energy-intensive industries are aluminum, chemicals, forest product, glass, metal casting, mining, petroleum refining, and steel. The energy supply chain begins with electricity, steam, natural gas, coal, and other fuels supplied to a manufacturing plant from off-site power plants, gas companies, and fuel distributors. Energy then flows to either a central energy generation utility system or is distributed immediately for direct use. Energy is then processed using a variety of highly energy-intensive systems, including steam, process heating, and
Vector Representation of Trade Cumulus Thermodynamic Fluxes
A vector representation of the BOMEX thermodynamic budget data is presented which shows graphically the relationship of the fluxes and the mean layer structure.
Alan K. Betts
On tolerances representable as $R \\circ R^-$
We give examples and counterexamples concerning varieties in which every tolerance is representable as $R \\circ R^-$, for some reflexive and admissible relation $R$.
Paolo Lipparini
On the representation by linear superpositions
In a number of papers, Y. Sternfeld investigated the problems of representation of continuous and bounded functions by linear superpositions. In particular, he proved that if such representation holds for continuous functions, then it holds for bounded ... Keywords: 26B40, 41A05, 41A63, Closed path, Linear superposition, Ridge function
Vugar E. Ismailov
Multivariate lag-windows and group representations
Symmetries of the auto-cumulant function (a generalization of the auto-covariance function) of a kth-order stationary time series are derived through a connection with the symmetric group of degree k. Using the theory of group representations, symmetries ... Keywords: 20C30, 37M10, Group representations, Higher-order spectra, Multivariate lag-windows, Symmetry group
Arthur Berg
State space representation of routing flexibility
This paper describes a state space representation for sequencing and routing flexibility in manufacturing systems. Routing flexibility is represented using five different stages as follows: (i) Precedence Graph of Operations; (ii) State Transition Graph ... Keywords: Flexible manufacturing systems, Routing flexibility, Sequencing flexibility, State space representation
Leonardo Rosa Rohde; Denis Borenstein
Embedding Defaults into Terminological Knowledge Representation Formalisms
; Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 The Representation Formalisms 5 2.1 The terminological language ALCF. 2 The Representation Formalisms First we shall briefly review the terminological language ALCF [11 logic to ALCF . Finally an example will illustrate why Reiter uses Skolemization in his semantics
Baader, Franz
MAICE: a tool for knowledge representation
In the present work the software MAICE is shown as a solution for knowledge representation. This software is a visual modeling tool which allows to represent the rules that define a given knowledge universe, independently of specific application area ... Keywords: electrical systems management, electrical transformer diagnosis, fuzzy logic, knowledge modeling, knowledge representation
Fabricio M. Oliveira; Leizer Schnitman; Herman A. Lepkison; J. F. Corr�a; Almir L. N�ri, Jr.; J. A. M. Felippe de Souza
External and mental referencing of multiple representations
This article reports on two experimental studies that investigate the impact of integration and external activity on an instructional support method that encourages learners to systematically and interactively integrate multiple representations in the ... Keywords: Cognitive load, Coherence formation, Multimedia, Multiple representations, Structure mapping, Visualizations
Daniel Bodemer; Uwe Faust
U.S. Refining Industry: Developments and Outlook, 1998-2001, The
Presented by: Neal DavisPresented to: Valve Manufacturers Association of AmericaChicago, ILAugust 10-11, 2000
Refinement and Verification of Real-Time Systems
This paper discusses highly general mechanisms for specifying the refinement of a real-time system as a collection of lower level parallel components that preserve the timing and functional requirements of the upper level specification. These mechanisms are discussed in the context of ASTRAL, which is a formal specification language for real-time systems. Refinement is accomplished by mapping all of the elements of an upper level specification into lower level elements that may be split among several parallel components. In addition, actions that can occur in the upper level are mapped to actions of components operating at the lower level. This allows several types of implementation strategies to be specified in a natural way, while the price for generality (in terms of complexity) is paid only when necessary. The refinement mechanisms are first illustrated using a simple digital circuit; then, through a highly complex phone system; finally, design guidelines gleaned from these specifications are presented.
Kolano, Paul Z; Kemmerer, Richard A; Mandrioli, Dino
Algebraic specification and program development by stepwise refinement (Extended Abstract)
. Various formalizations of the concept of "refinement step" as used in the formal development of programs from algebraic specifications are presented and compared. 1 Introduction Algebraic specification aims to provide a formal basis to support the systematic development of correct programs from specifications by means of verified refinement steps. Obviously, a central piece of the puzzle is how best to formalize concepts like "specification", "program" and "refinement step". Answers are required that are simple, elegant and general and which enjoy useful properties, while at the same time taking proper account of the needs of practice. Here I will concentrate on the last of these concepts, but first I need to deal with the other two. For "program", I take the usual approach of algebraic specification whereby programs are modelled as many-sorted algebras consisting of a collection of sets of data values together with functions over those sets. This level of abstraction is commens...
Donald Sannella
Grain Refinement in TiC-Ni3Al Composites
The Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) was to develop composites of TiC-Ni{sub 3}Al with refined grain microstructures for application in diesel engine fuel injection devices. Grain refinement is important for improved wear resistance and high strength for the applications of interest. Attrition milling effectively reduces the initial particle size and leads to a reduction of the final grain size. However, an increase in the oxygen content occurs concomitantly with the grinding operation and decreased densification of the compacts occurs during sintering.
Tiegs, T.N.
Abstract. In this talk we introduce the notion of a generalized representation of a Jordan algebra with unit which has the following properties: 1) Usual representations and Jacobson representations correspond to special cases of generalized representations. 2) Every simple Jordan algebra has infinitely many nonequivalent generalized representations. 3) There is a one-to-one correspondence between irreducible generalized representations of a Jordan algebra A and irreducible representations of a graded Lie algebra L(A) = U?1?U0?U1 corresponding to A (the Lie algebra L(A) coincides with the TKK construction when A has a unit). The latter correspondence allows to use the theory of representations of Lie algebras to study generalized representations of Jordan algebras. In particular, one can classify irreducible generalized representations of semisimple Jordan algebras and also obtain classical results about usual representations and Jacobson representations in a simple way.
Issai Kantor; Gregory Shpiz
Projected refined product balances in key Latin American countries: A preliminary examination
Over the years, the East-West Center (EWC) has developed considerable expertise in refinery modeling, especially in the area of forecasting product balances for countries, given planned capacity changes, changes in product demand, changes in crude slates, and changes in product specifications. This expertise has been applied on an ongoing basis to the major refiners in the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region, along with the US West Coast as region in its own right. Refinery modeling in these three areas has been ongoing for nearly 15 years at the Center, and the tools and information sources are now well developed. To date, the EWC has not applied these tools to Latin America. Although research on Latin America has been an ongoing area of concern at the Center in recent years, the information gathered to date is still not of the level of detail nor quality available for other areas. The modeling efforts undertaken in this report are of a ``baseline`` nature, designed to outline the major issues, attempt a first cut at emerging product balances, and, above all, to elicit commentary from those directly involved in the oil industry in the key countries modeled. Our experience in other regions has shown that it takes a few years dialogue with refiners and government planner in individual countries to develop a reliable database, as well as the insights into operational constraints and practices that make accurate modeling possible. This report is no more than a first step down the road.
Testing for Refinement in CSP Ana Cavalcanti1
Testing for Refinement in CSP Ana Cavalcanti1 and Marie-Claude Gaudel2 1 University of York Abstract. CSP is a well-established formalism for modelling and verifi- cation of concurrent reactive work on algebraic reasoning and model checking. Testing techniques based on CSP models, however, have
Department of Computing Stepwise Refinement in Event-B||CSP
in Event-B||CSP Part 1: Safety Steve Schneider, Helen Treharne and Heike Wehrheim March 12th 2011 #12;Stepwise Refinement in Event-B CSP Part 1: Safety Steve Schneider1 Helen Treharne1 Heike Wehrheim2 1, 2011 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 CSP 3 2.1 Notation
The thermal cycling, irradiation behavior, and fabrication characteristics of U are strongly dependent upon grain size; a smaller grain size yields the better properties. Grain refinement of cast U may be accomplished either by hot working in the high alpha temperature range or by heat treatment; refinement by the latter method was the object of this investigation. The variables studied were time, temperature, specimen size, multiple quenching, and alphaannealing after quenching. The results of the investigation have led to the following conclusions, within the scope of the experimental conditions. The grain size of cast U may be appreciably refined by beta-quenching. Time and temperature in the beta phase are not significant in determining the final alpha grain size. Multiple beta-quenches (two to four times) produce better grain size refinement than a single quench. Alpha-annealing after beta-quenching causes recrystallization, but does not greatly affect the grain size. Gamma-quenching is not recommended as a practical heat treatment. (auth)
Powell, G.W.; Klein, J.L.; Krashes, D.
Development via refinement in probabilistic b: foundation and case study
In earlier work, we introduced probability to the B by providing a probabilistic choice substitution and by extending B's semantics to incorporate its meaning [8]. This, a first step, allowed probabilistic programs to be written and ... Keywords: B, generalised substitutions, probability, program correctness, randomised algorithms, refinement, weakest preconditions
Thai Son Hoang; Zhendong Jin; Ken Robinson; Annabelle McIver; Carroll Morgan
Process for electroslag refining of uranium and uranium alloys
A process is described for electroslag refining of uranium and uranium alloys wherein molten uranium and uranium alloys are melted in a molten layer of a fluoride slag containing up to about 8 weight percent calcium metal. The calcium metal reduces oxides in the uranium and uranium alloys to provide them with an oxygen content of less than 100 parts per million. (auth)
Lewis, P.S. Jr.; Agee, W.A.; Bullock, J.S. IV; Condon, J.B.
Feature-oriented refinement of models, metamodels and model transformations
Done well, the blend of Model Driven Development (MDD) and Software Product Lines (SPL) offers a promising approach, mixing abstraction from MDD and variability from SPL. Although Model Driven Product Lines have flourished recently, the focus so far ... Keywords: AHEAD, XAK, metamodels, model transformations, modeling, models, refinements
Salvador Trujillo; Ander Zubizarreta; Xabier Mendialdua; Josune de Sosa
Refining image annotation using contextual relations between words
In this paper, we present a probabilistic approach to refine image annotations by incorporating semantic relations between annotation words. Our approach firstly predicts a candidate set of annotation words with confidence scores. This is achieved by ... Keywords: image annotation, normalized Google distance, semantic relation
Yong Wang; Shaogang Gong
Effects of Multiple Reductions on Grain Refinement During Hot ...
of as-cast alloy 718, a research program was initiated at the ... process design criteria for grain size refinement during primary breakdown of alloy. 718 ingot via ..... however, can and does occur during the dwell time after each strain ..... statistically ..... (1981). D. K. Matlock and D. A. Burford,. "An Experimental. Correlation.
Representation of Limited Rights Data and Restricted Computer Software Representation of Limited Rights Data and Restricted Computer Software Any data delivered under an award...
Associations and Industry - TMS
... Associations and Industry, Research Programs, ==== Basic Metallurgy ==== ... FORUMS > ASSOCIATIONS AND INDUSTRY, Replies, Views, Originator, Last�...
Industrial alliances
The United States is emerging from the Cold War era into an exciting, but challenging future. Improving the economic competitiveness of our Nation is essential both for improving the quality of life in the United States and maintaining a strong national security. The research and technical skills used to maintain a leading edge in defense and energy now should be used to help meet the challenge of maintaining, regaining, and establishing US leadership in industrial technologies. Companies recognize that success in the world marketplace depends on products that are at the leading edge of technology, with competitive cost, quality, and performance. Los Alamos National Laboratory and its Industrial Partnership Center (IPC) has the strategic goal to make a strong contribution to the nation`s economic competitiveness by leveraging the government`s investment at the Laboratory: personnel, infrastructure, and technological expertise.
Adams, K.V.
Quantization and erasures in frame representations
Frame representations, which correspond to overcomplete generalizations to basis expansions, are often used in signal processing to provide robustness to errors. In this thesis robustness is provided through the use of ...
Boufounos, Petros T., 1977-
Mental Representations Formed From Educational Website Formats
The increasing popularity of web-based distance education places high demand on distance educators to format web pages to facilitate learning. However, limited guidelines exist regarding appropriate writing styles for web-based distance education. This study investigated the effect of four different writing styles on reader�s mental representation of hypertext. Participants studied hypertext written in one of four web-writing styles (e.g., concise, scannable, objective, and combined) and were then administered a cued association task intended to measure their mental representations of the hypertext. It is hypothesized that the scannable and combined styles will bias readers to scan rather than elaborately read, which may result in less dense mental representations (as identified through Pathfinder analysis) relative to the objective and concise writing styles. Further, the use of more descriptors in the objective writing style will lead to better integration of ideas and more dense mental representations than the concise writing style.
Elizabeth T. Cady; Kimberly R. Raddatz; Tuan Q. Tran; Bernardo de la Garza; Peter D. Elgin
Review of tribological sinks in six major industries
Friction and material wear occur throughout all industries and are involved in many processes within each industry. These conditions make assessing tribological activity overall in industry very complex and expensive. Therefore, a research strategy to obtain preliminary information on only the most significant industrial tribological sinks was defined. The industries examined were selected according to both the magnitude of overall energy consumption (particularly machine drive) and the known presence of significant tribological sinks. The six industries chosen are as follows: mining, agriculture, primary metals, chemicals/refining, food, and pulp and paper. They were reviewed to identify and characterize the major tribology sinks. It was concluded that wear losses are greater than friction losses, and that reducing wear rates would improve industrial productivity.
Imhoff, C.H.; Brown, D.R.; Hane, G.J.; Hutchinson, R.A.; Erickson, R.; Merriman, T.; Gruber, T.; Barber, S.
Converting Boundary Representation Solid Models to Half-Space Representation Models for Monte Carlo Analysis
Solid modeling computer software systems provide for the design of three-dimensional solid models used in the design and analysis of physical components. The current state-of-the-art in solid modeling representation uses a boundary representation format in which geometry and topology are used to form three-dimensional boundaries of the solid. The geometry representation used in these systems is cubic B-spline curves and surfaces--a network of cubic B-spline functions in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate space. Many Monte Carlo codes, however, use a geometry representation in which geometry units are specified by intersections and unions of half-spaces. This paper describes an algorithm for converting from a boundary representation to a half-space representation.
Davis JE, Eddy MJ, Sutton TM, Altomari TJ
NETL: Gasification - Systems and Industry Analyses
E&P Technologies Gas Hydrates T&D and Refining Contacts E&P Technologies Gas Hydrates T&D and Refining Contacts Coal & Power Systems Major Demonstrations Innovations for Existing Plants Gasification Turbines Fuel Cells FutureGen Advanced Research Contacts Industrial Capture & Storage Carbon Sequestration Program Overview Core R&D Infrastructure Global Collaborations FAQs Reference Shelf Contacts Hydrogen & Clean Fuels Hydrogen-from-Coal RD&D Contacts ENERGY ANALYSIS About Us Search Products Contacts SMART GRID ANALYSIS BASELINE STUDIES NETL-RUA About NETL-RUA Research Technology Transfer Business Development Education News & Events Contacts Members Only Access TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Available Technologies How to Partner Outreach Contacts SOLICITATIONS & BUSINESS Solicitations & Funding Opps. Related Links & Forms CDP/Financial Asst. Resources Unsolicited Proposals Available NETL Property Business Alert Notification IRS Tax Credit Program NETL Business Contacts
Atlantic Basin Refining Dynamics from U.S. Perspective
��This presentation focuses on the current refining situation in the Atlantic Basin, ��This presentation focuses on the current refining situation in the Atlantic Basin, Page 1 including some discussion on how we got here, and on drivers that will influence the next 5 years. I will focus on three topics today that are critical to the petroleum product dynamics of Page 2 the Atlantic Basin over the next several years. The first is product demand growth - something that has been affected both by the recession and legislation. Next I will cover the supply situation for gasoline and distillates in the Atlantic Basin, since Europe and the U.S. are closely entwined in these markets. Last, we will visit the outlook for those drivers affecting profitability - an area of large uncertainty. I will begin today with a short discussion of important underlying long-term trends in U.S.
Post-refinement multiscale method for pin power reconstruction
The ability to accurately predict local pin powers in nuclear reactors is necessary to understand the mechanisms that cause fuel pin failure during steady state and transient operation. In the research presented here, methods are developed to improve the local solution using high order methods with boundary conditions from a low order global solution. Several different core configurations were tested to determine the improvement in the local pin powers compared to the standard techniques based on diffusion theory and pin power reconstruction (PPR). The post-refinement multiscale methods use the global solution to determine boundary conditions for the local solution. The local solution is solved using either a fixed boundary source or an albedo boundary condition; this solution is 'post-refinement' and thus has no impact on the global solution. (authors)
Collins, B.; Seker, V.; Downar, T. [Dept. of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Xu, Y. [Argonne National Laboratory (United States)
Refiner details ``best practices`` approach to catalyst selection
Catalysts are critical to hydrocarbon processing in refineries. Refiners spend millions of dollars per year on catalysts. This cost, however, pales in comparison to the impact that catalysts can have. The lost opportunity from not using the right catalyst, or an unscheduled shutdown caused by a catalyst-related problem, can be an order of magnitude higher than the cost of the catalyst itself. Chevron Products Co. has adopted a best practices approach to addressing technical and operational issues in refining. A subset of the best-practices program includes the testing, selection, and monitoring of catalysts for Chevron`s fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), catalytic reforming, and hydroprocessing units. The paper discusses these practices.
Krishna, A.S. [Chevron Products Co., El Segundo, CA (United States); Arndt, J.H. [Chevron Products Co., Richmond, CA (United States); Kuehler, C.W.; Kramer, D.C. [Chevron Research and Technology Co., Richmond, CA (United States)
This document summarizes all of the work conducted as part of the Refining and End Use Study of Coal Liquids. There were several distinct objectives set, as the study developed over time: (1) Demonstration of a Refinery Accepting Coal Liquids; (2) Emissions Screening of Indirect Diesel; (3) Biomass Gasification F-T Modeling; and (4) Updated Gas to Liquids (GTL) Baseline Design/Economic Study.
Comparing Single and Multiple Turbine Representations in a Wind Farm Simulation: Preprint
This paper compares single turbine representation versus multiple turbine representation in a wind farm simulation.
Muljadi, E.; Parsons, B.
U. S. refiners move into another challenging technical era
With the transition to unleaded gasoline scarcely behind us, another new era is dawning for the U.S. refiner. No one yet knows the exact configuration of the refinery of the future and no two refineries are likely to adapt in exactly the same way. What is certain, however, is that by the year 2000, refineries will be more technologically advanced, their products will be more environmentally acceptable, and their operators will be more highly trained. The typical U.S. refinery in the year 2000 will be located at an existing refinery site because economic and environmental considerations will make it impossible to build new grassroots capacity. As a result of the Clean Air act, the refinery of tomorrow will produce cleaner fuels The entire U.S. gasoline pool will likely be reformulated. Most of the diesel fuel pool will consist of ultralow-sulfur product. And jet fuel-which is experiencing rapid demand growth-will be an increasingly important product. Many existing refining process will remain in use, but they will be more efficient and more technologically advanced. Energy efficiency will be a primary concern, as refiners seek to combat ever-increasing crude oil costs and refinery operating expenses. The refinery of the future also will be much more environmentally acceptable. The article is a closer look at the refinery of the future.
Hall, J.R. (Ashland Oil Inc., Ashland, KY (US))
Decontamination of steel by melt refining: A literature review
It has been reported that a large amount of metal waste is produced annually by nuclear fuel processing and nuclear power plants. These metal wastes are contaminated with radioactive elements, such as uranium and plutonium. Current Department of Energy guidelines require retrievable storage of all metallic wastes containing transuranic elements above a certain level. Because of high cost, it is important to develop an effective decontamination and volume reduction method for low level contaminated metals. It has been shown by some investigators that a melt refining technique can be used for the processing of the contaminated metal wastes. In this process, contaminated metal is melted wit a suitable flux. The radioactive elements are oxidized and transferred to a slag phase. In order to develop a commercial process it is important to have information on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the removal. Therefore, a literature search was carried out to evaluate the available information on the decontamination uranium and transuranic-contaminated plain steel, copper and stainless steel by melt a refining technique. Emphasis was given to the thermodynamics and kinetics of the removal. Data published in the literature indicate that it is possible to reduce the concentration of radioactive elements to a very low level by the melt refining method. 20 refs.
Ozturk, B.; Fruehan, R.J. [Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Transforming the Freight Industry
Transforming the Freight Industry From Regulation to Icommon-carrier freight industry was Competition to backwardjourneys. When the freight industry was deregulated, it was
Regan, Amelia
Demographics and industry returns
Demographics and Industry Returns By Stefano DellaVigna andand returns across industries. Cohort size fluc- tuationspredict profitability by industry. Moreover, forecast demand
Pollet, Joshua A.; DellaVigna, Stefano
2011 Short CourseNew Technologies in Oilseed Extraction and Edible Oil Refining
New Technologies in Oilseed Extraction and Edible Oil Refining ShortCourse held at the 102nd AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo. 2011 Short CourseNew Technologies in Oilseed Extraction and Edible Oil Refining New Technologies in Oilseed Extraction
2010 Short Course New Technologies in Oilseed Extraction and Edible Oil Refining
New Technologies in Oilseed Extraction and Edible Oil Refining Short Course held at the 101st AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo. 2010 Short Course New Technologies in Oilseed Extraction and Edible Oil Refining New Technologies in Oilseed Extraction and
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - Refining the Message Initiating a National Dialogue and Educational Agenda
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells � Refining the Message Initiating aApril 1, 2005 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells � Refining the Message2002, "Fuel Choices for Fuel Cell Vehicles: Well-to-Wheels
Eggert, Anthony; Kurani, Kenneth S; Turrentine, Tom; Ogden, Joan M; Sperling, Dan; Winston, Emily
Industry Perspective
idatech.com idatech.com firstname.lastname@example.com 63065 NE 18 th Street Bend, OR 97701 541.383.3390 Industry Perspective Biogas and Fuel Cell Workshop National Renewable Energy Laboratory June 11 - 13, 2012 Mike Hicks Chairman of the Board of Directors, FCHEA Treasurer of the Board of Directors, FCS&E Engineering Manager, Technology Development & Integration, IdaTech Outline 1. Critical Factors * Fuel Purity * Fuel Cost 2. Natural Gas - The Wild Card & Competition 3. IdaTech's Experience Implementing Biofuel Critical Factor - Fuel Purity All fuel cell system OEMs have fuel purity specifications * Independent of * Raw materials or feed stocks * Manufacturing process * Depends on * Fuel processor technology * Fuel cell technology - low temp PEM versus SOFC
Single-Issue Industrial Revenue Bond Program (Missouri) | Department of
Single-Issue Industrial Revenue Bond Program (Missouri) Single-Issue Industrial Revenue Bond Program (Missouri) Single-Issue Industrial Revenue Bond Program (Missouri) < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Industrial Retail Supplier Systems Integrator Utility Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Program Info State Missouri Program Type Bond Program Provider Missouri Development Finance Board The Missouri Development Finance Board administers a Single-Issue Tax-Exempt Industrial Revenue Bond Program as well as a Taxable Industrial Revenue Bond Program. The Tax-Exempt Program finances (i) the acquisition, construction and equipping of qualified manufacturing production facilities and/or equipment, and (ii) refinances outstanding tax-exempt bonds. It
Weekly U.S. Refiner and Blender Adjusted Net Production of ...
Weekly U.S. Refiner and Blender Adjusted Net Production of Finished Motor Gasoline (Thousand Barrels per Day)
Weekly U.S. Refiner, Blender, and Gas Plant Net Production of ...
Weekly U.S. Refiner, Blender, and Gas Plant Net Production of Propane and Propylene (Thousand Barrels per Day)
Effects of Feed Quality and Product Specification Changes on Refined Product Supply
The presentation explores the implications that future feedstock changes and product specification changes may have on refined product supply.
Refinement and verification of concurrent systems specified in ObjectZ and CSP
Refinement and verification of concurrent systems specified in ObjectZ and CSP Graeme SmithZ and CSP. A common semantic basis for the two languages enables a unified method of refinement to be used, based upon CSP refinement. To enable statebased techniques to be used for the ObjectZ components
Smith, Graeme
A performance study of data layout techniques for improving data locality in refinement-based pathfinding
The widening gap between processor speed and memory latency increases the importance of crafting data structures and algorithms to exploit temporal and spatial locality. Refinement-based pathfinding algorithms, such as Classic Refinement (CR), find quality ... Keywords: Cache-conscious algorithms, classical refinement, pathfinding
Robert Niewiadomski; Jos� Nelson Amaral; Robert C. Holte
Retrenching the Purse: The Balance Enquiry Quandary, and Generalised and (1,1) Forward Refinements
Some of the success stories of model based refinement are recalled, as well as some of the annoyances that arise when refinement is deployed in the engineering of large systems. The way that retrenchment attempts to alleviate such inconveniences is briefly ... Keywords: Atomicity, Mondex Purse, Refinement, Retrenchment, Verification
Richard Banach; Czeslaw Jeske; Michael Poppleton; Susan Stepney
Third-Party Evaluation of Petro Tex Hydrocarbons, LLC, ReGen Lubricating Oil Re-refining Process
This report presents an assessment of market, energy impact, and utility of the PetroTex Hydrocarbons, LLC., ReGen process for re-refining used lubricating oil to produce Group I, II, and III base oils, diesel fuel, and asphalt. PetroTex Hydrocarbons, LLC., has performed extensive pilot scale evaluations, computer simulations, and market studies of this process and is presently evaluating construction of a 23 million gallon per year industrial-scale plant. PetroTex has obtained a 30 acre site in the Texas Industries RailPark in Midlothian Texas. The environmental and civil engineering assessments of the site are completed, and the company has been granted a special use permit from the City of Midlothian and air emissions permits for the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
Compere, A L [ORNL; Griffith, William {Bill} L [ORNL
Karlsruhe Institute for Industrial Production | Open Energy Information
Karlsruhe Institute for Industrial Production Karlsruhe Institute for Industrial Production Jump to: navigation, search Name Karlsruhe Institute for Industrial Production Place Karlsruhe, Germany Zip 76187 Product String representation "Karlsruhe-based ... tment concepts." is too long. References Karlsruhe Institute for Industrial Production[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Karlsruhe Institute for Industrial Production is a company located in Karlsruhe, Germany . References ↑ "Karlsruhe Institute for Industrial Production" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Karlsruhe_Institute_for_Industrial_Production&oldid=347948" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations
Office of Industrial Technologies: Industry partnerships
US industries are making progress in turning the vision of the future into reality: More effective competition in global markets, increased industrial efficiency, more jobs, reduced waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions (to 1990 levels), improved environment. DOE`s Office of Industrial Technologies is catalyzing and supporting industry progress in many ways. This pamphlet gives an overview of OIT.
... the industry has recently seen an increase in margins and price differentials. However views vary as to the sustainability of this profitability upswing.
From irreducible representations to locally decodable codes
A q-query Locally Decodable Code (LDC) is an error-correcting code that allows to read any particular symbol of the message by reading only q symbols of the codeword even if the codeword is adversary corrupted. In this paper we present a new approach ... Keywords: locally decodable codes, representation theory
Klim Efremenko
Multimedia event recounting with concept based representation
Multimedia event detection has drawn a lot of attention in recent years. Given a recognized event, in this paper, we conduct a pilot study of the multimedia event recounting problem, which answers the question why this video is recognized as this event, ... Keywords: multimedia event recounting, multimedia event representation, textual descriptions of video content
Qian Yu; Jingen Liu; Hui Cheng; Ajay Divakaran; Harpreet Sawhney
Next generation typeface representations: revisiting parametric fonts
Outline font technology has long been established as the standard way to represent typefaces, allowing characters to be represented independently of print size and resolution. Although outline font technologies are mature and produce results of sufficient ... Keywords: digital typography, font representation, font synthesis, parameterized fonts, parametric fonts, re-typesetting
Tamir Hassan; Changyuan Hu; Roger D. Hersch
DNA Motif Representation with Nucleotide Dependency
The problem of discovering novel motifs of binding sites is important to theunderstanding of gene regulatory networks. Motifs are generally represented by matrices (PWM orPSSM) or strings. However, these representations cannot model biological binding ... Keywords: Computing Methodologies, Pattern Recognition, Design Methodology, Pattern analysis
Francis Chin; Henry C. M. Leung
Declarative representation of programming access to ontologies
Using ontologies in software applications is a challenging task due to the chasm between the logics-based world of ontologies and the object-oriented world of software applications. The logics-based representation emphasizes the meaning of concepts and ...
Stefan Scheglmann; Ansgar Scherp; Steffen Staab
Graphical representation of generalized quantum measurements
We present graphical representation for genaralized quantum measurements (POVM). We represent POVM elements as Bloch vectors and find the conditions these vectors should satisfy in order to describe realizable physical measurements. We show how to find probability of measurement outcome in a graphical way. The whole formalism is applied to unambigous discrimination of nonorthogonal quantum states.
Pawel Kurzynski; Andrzej Grudka
Implementing the eODL graphical representation
eODL is the ITU component description language. Its current status is that it is defined textually and there are several transformations into other languages. There are also ideas about a graphical representation for eODL. In this article we present ...
Joachim Fischer; Andreas Prinz; Markus Scheidgen; Merete S. Tveit
Block-structured adaptive mesh refinement - theory, implementation and application
Structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) techniques can enable cutting-edge simulations of problems governed by conservation laws. Focusing on the strictly hyperbolic case, these notes explain all algorithmic and mathematical details of a technically relevant implementation tailored for distributed memory computers. An overview of the background of commonly used finite volume discretizations for gas dynamics is included and typical benchmarks to quantify accuracy and performance of the dynamically adaptive code are discussed. Large-scale simulations of shock-induced realistic combustion in non-Cartesian geometry and shock-driven fluid-structure interaction with fully coupled dynamic boundary motion demonstrate the applicability of the discussed techniques for complex scenarios.
Deiterding, Ralf [ORNL
Minimally refined biomass fuel. [carbohydrate-water-alcohol mixture
A minimally refined fluid composition, suitable as a fuel mixture and derived from biomass material, is comprised of one or more water-soluble carbohydrates such as sucrose, one or more alcohols having less than four carbons, and water. The carbohydrate provides the fuel source; water-solubilizes the carbohydrate; and the alcohol aids in the combustion of the carbohydrate and reduces the viscosity of the carbohydrate/water solution. Because less energy is required to obtain the carbohydrate from the raw biomass than alcohol, an overall energy savings is realized compared to fuels employing alcohol as the primary fuel.
Bethe roots and refined enumeration of alternating-sign matrices
The properties of the most probable ground state candidate for the XXZ spin chain with the anisotropy parameter equal to -1/2 and an odd number of sites is considered. Some linear combinations of the components of the considered state, divided by the maximal component, coincide with the elementary symmetric polynomials in the corresponding Bethe roots. It is proved that those polynomials are equal to the numbers providing the refined enumeration of the alternating-sign matrices of order M+1 divided by the total number of the alternating-sign matrices of order M, for the chain of length 2M+1.
A. V. Razumov; Yu. G. Stroganov
Bevill and the Aluminum Industry
... particularly the import, mining, refining and primary production of aluminum. ... Experience with Commissioning New Generation Gas Suspension Calciner.
Analysis of relative industrial performance and it's implications for gas demand
The analysis of the U.S. manufacturing sector and the opportunities it presents to the natural gas industry uses a weighted index of 11 economic/financial/market indicators to evaluate the performance of over 300 industries. Output and investment growth appear to be key determinants of industrial energy demand. Industries with high growth and investment potential over the period 1983-1993 are plastic materials and resins, aluminum rolling and drawing, motor vehicle parts, and glass products. Organic chemicals and paper mills exhibit above average potential, while petroleum refining, sugar, and primary aluminum are deemed slow growing industries.
Feldman, S.J.; Rogers, G.
The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Transformation from Dirac Representation to Foldy-Wouthuysen Representation
The paper describes conditions for transformation from the Dirac representation to the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. The necessary condition is the block-diagonal transformation of Hamiltonian relative to the upper and lower components of the wave function. The sufficient condition is the wave function transformation law described by relation (6). It has been demonstrated that the unitary transformations offered by the authors of the papers [14], [15], [16], [17] do not satisfy the sufficiency condition (6) and, hence, they are not the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformations. In applications, the matrix elements of any operator in the FW representation can be calculated, according to (6), using the normalized two-component wave functions in the Dirac representation known for the given problem.
V. P. Neznamov
Process Refinements - Reporting of Public Use of Diesel Fuel
Based on FHWA's reassessment of the reporting and attribution process and on the GAO study, several specific issues were identified. These issues were published in a Federal Register notice for public response.3 Sixteen States provided comments on the issues provided in the Federal Register. Two additional issues were also raised by commenters. The comments may be found at http://dmses.dot.gov; search for docket number FHWA-2000-7635. All of the issues are discussed below. Certain process refinements are required to address these issues; these changes are explained in the following sections. Based on FHWA's reassessment of the reporting and attribution process and on the GAO study, several specific issues were identified. These issues were published in a Federal Register notice for public response.3 Sixteen States provided comments on the issues provided in the Federal Register. Two additional issues were also raised by commenters. The comments may be found at http://dmses.dot.gov; search for docket number FHWA-2000-7635. All of the issues are discussed below. Certain process refinements are required to address these issues; these changes are explained in the following sections. Some of the issues concern the data reported by the States. Because of differences in State laws, States collect different types of data. Chapter 2 of A Guide to Reporting Highway Statistics4 provides instructions for completing Forms FHWA-551M and FHWA-556.
A Comparative Analysis of Two Land Surface Heterogeneity Representations
Two contrasting representations of land surface variability used in general circulation models (GCMS) are compared through an analysis of their corresponding surface energy balance equations. In one representation (the �mixture� approach), ...
Randal D. Koster; Max J. Suarez
String Approach to QCD Quarks in Fundamental Representations
Straightforward use of AdS/CFT correspondence can give QCD with quarks in adjoint representations. Using an asymmetric orbifold approach we obtain nonsupersymmetric QCD with four quark flavors in fundamental representations of color.
Paul H. Frampton
Architectural representation ; spatial comprehension and assessment through visualization technique
There are two distinguishable parts to this thesis. Part I is a discourse on architectural representation. It defines the theoretical boundary for Part II, research on a particular spatial representation system, physical ...
Alberto, Donald
Phasor representation for narrowband active noise control systems
The phasor representation is introduced to identify the characteristic of the active noise control (ANC) systems. The conventional representation, transfer function, cannot explain the fact that the performance will be degraded at some frequency for ...
Fu-Kun Chen; Ding-Horng Chen; Yue-Dar Jou
A verifiable SSA program representation for aggressive compiler optimization
We present a verifiable low-level program representation to embed, propagate, and preserve safety information in high perfor-mance compilers for safe languages such as Java and C#. Our representation precisely encodes safety information via static single-assignment ... Keywords: SSA formalization, check elimination, intermediate representations, proof variables, safety dependences, type systems, typeability preservation, typed intermediate languages
Vijay S. Menon; Neal Glew; Brian R. Murphy; Andrew McCreight; Tatiana Shpeisman; Ali-Reza Adl-Tabatabai; Leaf Petersen
A knowledge representation model for the nuclear power generation domain
A knowledge representation model for the nuclear power field is proposed. The model is a generalized production rule function inspired by a neural network approach that enables the representation of physical systems of nuclear power plants. The article ... Keywords: Knowledge representation, Nuclear power plant, Physical systems, Production rules
Thiago Tinoco Pires
A model of computation and representation in the brain
The brain is first and foremost a control system that is capable of building an internal representation of the external world, and using this representation to make decisions, set goals and priorities, formulate plans, and control behavior with intent ... Keywords: Brain modeling, Cognitive modeling, Human neocortex, Image processing, Knowledge representation, Perception, Reverse engineering the brain, Segmentation, Signals to symbols
James S. Albus
Bionic Inspired Information Representation for Autonomous Agents
In AI, different bionic inspired theories on memory have gained ground. On the one hand neuronal networks are often used to realize learning systems. On the other hand psychology influences engineers by introducing the models of implicit and explicit memory. While neurology leaves out the question how mental functions emerge out of the brain structure, psychology classifies information but does not make a statement on its structure. This article presents a psychoanalytic inspired approach on information representation introduced within the ARS project. A short overview on the ARS model is given and the psychoanalytic theory behind information representation is presented. The developed technical concept is introduced and a use case for testing the model is defined.
H. Zeilinger; R. Lang; B. M�ller
Representations of some quantum tori Lie subalgebras
In this paper, we define the q-analog Virasoro-like Lie subalgebras in x{sub {infinity}}=a{sub {infinity}}(b{sub {infinity}}, c{sub {infinity}}, d{sub {infinity}}). The embedding formulas into x{sub {infinity}} are introduced. Irreducible highest weight representations of A(tilde sign){sub q}, B(tilde sign){sub q}, and C(tilde sign){sub q}-series of the q-analog Virasoro-like Lie algebras in terms of vertex operators are constructed. We also construct the polynomial representations of the A(tilde sign){sub q}, B(tilde sign){sub q}, C(tilde sign){sub q}, and D(tilde sign){sub q}-series of the q-analog Virasoro-like Lie algebras.
Jiang, Jingjing [College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300 (China)] [College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300 (China); Wang, Song [Department of Mathematics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China)] [Department of Mathematics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China)
Linear Representations and Isospectrality with Boundary Conditions
We present a method for constructing families of isospectral systems, using linear representations of finite groups. We focus on quantum graphs, for which we give a complete treatment. However, the method presented can be applied to other systems such as manifolds and two-dimensional drums. This is demonstrated by reproducing some known isospectral drums, and new examples are obtained as well. In particular, Sunada's method is a special case of the one presented.
Ori Parzanchevski; Ram Band
Thermodynamic representations of ammonia and isobutane
Tables of the thermodynamic properties of ammonia and isobutane are presented for the superheated vapor and the saturated liquid and vapor states. The properties were calculated using appropriate analytical pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) representations for the fluids in the regions described. The tables cover the approximate range of values of reduced temperatures up to 1.5 and reduced pressure up to 5.
Milora, S. L.; Combs, S. K.
Magnetic monopole in the loop representation
We quantize, within the Loop Representation formalism, the electromagnetic field in the presence of a static magnetic pole. It is found that the loop-dependent physical wave functionals of the quantum Maxwell theory become multivalued, through a topological phase factor depending on the solid angle subtended at the monopole by a surface bounded by the loop. It is discussed how this fact generalizes what occurs in ordinary quantum mechanics in multiply connected spaces.
Leal, Lorenzo; Lopez, Alexander [Grupo de Campos y Particulas, Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, AP 47270, Caracas 1041-A (Venezuela); Centro de Fisica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, AP 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela, and Grupo de Campos y Particulas, Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela (Venezuela)
Aerial Scene Recognition using Efficient Sparse Representation
Advanced scene recognition systems for processing large volumes of high-resolution aerial image data are in great demand today. However, automated scene recognition remains a challenging problem. Efficient encoding and representation of spatial and structural patterns in the imagery are key in developing automated scene recognition algorithms. We describe an image representation approach that uses simple and computationally efficient sparse code computation to generate accurate features capable of producing excellent classification performance using linear SVM kernels. Our method exploits unlabeled low-level image feature measurements to learn a set of basis vectors. We project the low-level features onto the basis vectors and use simple soft threshold activation function to derive the sparse features. The proposed technique generates sparse features at a significantly lower computational cost than other methods~\\cite{Yang10, newsam11}, yet it produces comparable or better classification accuracy. We apply our technique to high-resolution aerial image datasets to quantify the aerial scene classification performance. We demonstrate that the dense feature extraction and representation methods are highly effective for automatic large-facility detection on wide area high-resolution aerial imagery.
Cheriyadat, Anil M [ORNL
Environmental Regulations and Changes in Petroleum Refining Operations
Environmental Regulations and Environmental Regulations and Changes in Petroleum Refining Operations By Tancred C.M. Lidderdale Contents * Introduction * Motor Gasoline Summer Volatility (RVP) Regulations o Table 1. Summer Volatility Regulations for Motor Gasoline o Table 2. Refinery Inputs and Production of Normal Butane o Figure 1. Refinery Inputs and Production of Normal Butane o Table 3. Price Relationship Between Normal Butane and Motor Gasoline o Table 4. Market Price Premium for Low Vapor Pressure (RVP) Gasoline * Oxygenate Content of Motor Gasoline o Figure 2. Oxygenate Content of Motor Gasoline o Table 5. Oxygenated and Conventional Motor Gasoline Price Relationship o Table 6. Reformulated and Conventional Motor Gasoline Price Relationship o Figure 3. Price Differences Between RFG or MTBE and Conventional Gasoline
Abelianization of BPS Quivers and the Refined Higgs Index
We count Higgs "phase" BPS states of general non-Abelian quiver, possibly with loops, by mapping the problem to its Abelian, or toric, counterpart and imposing Weyl invariance later. Precise Higgs index computation is particularly important for quivers with superpotentials; the Coulomb "phase" index is recently shown to miss important BPS states, dubbed intrinsic Higgs states or quiver invariants. We demonstrate how the refined Higgs index is naturally decomposed to a sum over partitions of the charge. We conjecture, and show in simple cases, that this decomposition expresses the Higgs index as a sum over a set of partition-induced Abelian quivers of the same total charge but generically of smaller rank. Unlike the previous approach inspired by a similar decomposition of the Coulomb index, our formulae compute the quiver invariants directly, and thus offer a self-complete routine for counting BPS states.
Seung-Joo Lee; Zhao-Long Wang; Piljin Yi
Fuel and oxygen addition for metal smelting or refining process
A furnace for smelting iron ore and/or refining molten iron is equipped with an overhead pneumatic lance, through which a center stream of particulate coal is ejected at high velocity into a slag layer. An annular stream of nitrogen or argon enshrouds the coal stream. Oxygen is simultaneously ejected in an annular stream encircling the inert gas stream. The interposition of the inert gas stream between the coal and oxygen streams prevents the volatile matter in the coal from combusting before it reaches the slag layer. Heat of combustion is thus more efficiently delivered to the slag, where it is needed to sustain the desired reactions occurring there. A second stream of lower velocity oxygen can be delivered through an outermost annulus to react with carbon monoxide gas rising from slag layer, thereby adding still more heat to the furnace. 7 figs.
Schlichting, M.R.
The uses of the refined matrix model recursion
We study matrix models in the {beta}-ensemble by building on the refined recursion relation proposed by Chekhov and Eynard. We present explicit results for the first {beta}-deformed corrections in the one-cut and the two-cut cases, as well as two applications to supersymmetric gauge theories: the calculation of superpotentials in N=1 gauge theories, and the calculation of vevs of surface operators in superconformal N=2 theories and their Liouville duals. Finally, we study the {beta}-deformation of the Chern-Simons matrix model. Our results indicate that this model does not provide an appropriate description of the {Omega}-deformed topological string on the resolved conifold, and therefore that the {beta}-deformation might provide a different generalization of topological string theory in toric Calabi-Yau backgrounds.
Brini, Andrea; Marino, Marcos; Stevan, Sebastien [Departement de Physique Theorique et Section de Mathematiques, Universite de Geneve, Geneve CH-1211 (Switzerland)
Influence of Alloy and Solidification Parameters on Grain Refinement in Aluminum Weld Metal due to Inoculation
The goals are: (1) Establish how much Ti/B grain refiner is need to completely refine aluminum weld metal for different alloys and different welding conditions; (2) Characterize how alloy composition and solidification parameters affect weld metal grain refinement; and (3) Apply relevant theory to understand observed behavior. Conclusions are: (1) additions of Ti/B grain refiner to weld metal in Alloys 1050, 5083, and 6082 resulted in significant grain refinement; (2) grain refinement was more effective in GTAW than LBW, resulting in finer grains at lower Ti content - reason is limited time available for equiaxed grain growth in LBW (inability to occlude columnar grain growth); (3) welding travel speed did not markedly affect grain size within GTAW and LBW clusters; and (4) application of Hunt CET analysis showed experimental G to be on the order of the critical G{sub CET}; G{sub CET} was consistently higher for GTAW than for LBW.
Schempp, Philipp [BAM, Germany; Tang, Z. [BIAS, Germany; Cross, Carl E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Seefeld, T. [BIAS, Germany; Pittner, A. [BAM, Germany; Rethmeier, M. [BAM, Germany
Technical support to the Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) demonstration projects: assessment of current research and development
A program to demonstrate Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) technology has been initiated by the US Department of Energy (DOE) in partnership with two industrial groups. Project management responsibility has been assigned to the Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) of DOE. ORO requested that the Oak Ridge National Laboratory assess current research and development (R and D) activities and develop recommendations for those activities that might contribute to successful completion of the SRC demonstration plant projects. The objectives of this final report are to discuss in detail the problem areas in SRC; to discuss the current and planned R and D investigations relevant to the problems identified; and to suggest appropriate R and D activities in support of designs for the SRC demonstration plants. Four types of R and D activities are suggested: continuation of present and planned activities; coordination of activities and results, present and proposed; extension/redirection of activities not involving major equipment purchase or modifications; and new activities. Important examples of the first type of activity include continuation of fired heater, slurry rheology, and slurry mixing studies at Ft. Lewis. Among the second type of activity, coordination of data acquisition and interpretation is recommended in the areas of heat transfer, vapor/liquid equilibria, and physical properties. Principal examples of recommendations for extension/redirection include screening studies at laboratory scale on the use of carbonaceous precoat (e.g., anthracite) infiltration, and 15- to 30-day continuous tests of the Texaco gasifier at the Texaco Montebello facility (using SRC residues).
Edwards, M.S.; Rodgers, B.R.; Brown, C.H.; Carlson, P.K.; Gambill, W.R.; Gilliam, T.M.; Holmes, J.M.; Krishnan, R.P.; Parsly, L.F.
NSLS Industrial User Program
| Industrial Program Coordinator | Publications Courtesy of The New York Times, Noah Berger The overall goal of the plan to enhance the NSLS facility's Industrial Users'...
Uranium industry annual 1997
This report provides statistical data on the U.S. uranium industry`s activities relating to uranium raw materials and uranium marketing.
Construction Industry Institute
... in one of our country's most vital industries. ... An industry-led program to disseminate practical ... fire-proofing materials, connections, and steel trusses; ...
Table 6. U.S. Refiner Motor Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales ...
17 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Petroleum Marketing Monthly February 2012 Table 6. U.S. Refiner Motor Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales Type
Real-time Imaging of the Grain Refinement Process of Aluminum ...
K2: Microstructural Development of Plutonium Alloys via Cooling Curve Analysis � K3: Preparation of High Purity Tellurium by Zone Refining Process.
Engine spray combustion modeling using unified spray model with dynamic mesh refinement.
??The primary objective of this study is to improve the spray and combustion modeling of internal combustion engines using dynamic mesh refinement. The first part� (more)
Kolakaluri, Ravi
Table 3a. Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Projected...
a. Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Projected vs. Actual" "Projected Price in Constant Dollars" " (constant dollars per barrel in ""dollar year"" specific to each...
Table 6. U.S. Refiner Motor Gasoline Prices by Grade and ...
17 U.S. Energy Information Administration/Petroleum Marketing Monthly December 2013 Table 6. U.S. Refiner Motor Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales ...
Glossary For Teachers. Energy Explained. ... Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil.
Table A2. Refiner/Reseller Prices of Aviation Fuels, Propane...
Marketing Annual 1995 467 Table A2. RefinerReseller Prices of Aviation Fuels, Propane, and Kerosene, by PAD District, 1983-Present (Cents per Gallon Excluding Taxes) -...
Marketing Annual 1999 421 Table A2. RefinerReseller Prices of Aviation Fuels, Propane, and Kerosene, by PAD District, 1983-Present (Cents per Gallon Excluding Taxes) -...
Table 47. Refiner Residual Fuel Oil and No. 4 Fuel Volumes by...
Information Administration Petroleum Marketing Annual 1996 Table 47. Refiner Residual Fuel Oil and No. 4 Fuel Volumes by PAD District (Thousand Gallons per Day) - Continued...
Information AdministrationPetroleum Marketing Annual 1999 Table 47. Refiner Residual Fuel Oil and No. 4 Fuel Volumes by PAD District (Thousand Gallons per Day) - Continued...
Industrial Applications of Renewable Resources
Archive of Industrial Applications of Renewable Resources Industrial Applications of Renewable Resources Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Industrial Applications of Renewable Resources ...
End User Functional and Performance Requirements for HTGR Energy Supply to Industrial Processes
This document specifies end user functional and performance requirements to be used in the development of the design of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) based plant supplying energy to industrial processes. These requirements were developed from collaboration with industry and HTGR suppliers and from detailed evaluation of integration of the HTGR technology in industrial processes. The functional and performance requirements specified herein are an effective representation of the industrial sector energy needs and an effective basis for developing a plant design that will serve the broadest range of industrial applications.
L.E. Demick
Climate VISION: Industry Associations
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Industry Associations Industry Associations Aluminum Aluminum Association (Coordinating aluminum industry Climate VISION activities) The Aluminum Association, Inc. is the trade association for producers of primary aluminum, recyclers and semi-fabricated aluminum products, as well as suppliers to the industry. The Association provides leadership to the industry through its programs and services which aim to enhance aluminum's position in a world of proliferating materials, increase its use as the "material of choice," remove impediments to its fullest use, and assist in achieving the industry's environmental, societal, and economic objectives. Automobile Manufacturers Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (Coordinating automobile industry Climate VISION activities) The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, Inc. is a trade association
Graphical Representation of Supersymmetry and Computer Calculation
A graphical representation of supersymmetry is presented. It clearly expresses the chiral flow appearing in SUSY quantities, by representing spinors by {\\it directed lines} (arrows). The chiral suffixes are expressed by the directions (up, down, left, right) of the arrows. The SL(2,C) invariants are represented by {\\it wedges}. We are free from the messy symbols of spinor suffixes. The method is applied to the 5D supersymmetry. Many applications are expected. The result is suitable for coding a computer program and is highly expected to be applicable to various SUSY theories (including Supergravity) in various dimensions.
Comparative Omics-Driven Genome Annotation Refinement: Application across Yersiniae
Genome sequencing continues to be a rapidly evolving technology, yet most downstream aspects of genome annotation pipelines remain relatively stable or are even being abandoned. To date, the perceived value of manual curation for genome annotations is not offset by the real cost and time associated with the process. In order to balance the large number of sequences generated, the annotation process is now performed almost exclusively in an automated fashion for most genome sequencing projects. One possible way to reduce errors inherent to automated computational annotations is to apply data from 'omics' measurements (i.e. transcriptional and proteomic) to the un-annotated genome with a proteogenomic-based approach. This approach does require additional experimental and bioinformatics methods to include omics technologies; however, the approach is readily automatable and can benefit from rapid developments occurring in those research domains as well. The annotation process can be improved by experimental validation of transcription and translation and aid in the discovery of annotation errors. Here the concept of annotation refinement has been extended to include a comparative assessment of genomes across closely related species, as is becoming common in sequencing efforts. Transcriptomic and proteomic data derived from three highly similar pathogenic Yersiniae (Y. pestis CO92, Y. pestis pestoides F, and Y. pseudotuberculosis PB1/+) was used to demonstrate a comprehensive comparative omic-based annotation methodology. Peptide and oligo measurements experimentally validated the expression of nearly 40% of each strain's predicted proteome and revealed the identification of 28 novel and 68 previously incorrect protein-coding sequences (e.g., observed frameshifts, extended start sites, and translated pseudogenes) within the three current Yersinia genome annotations. Gene loss is presumed to play a major role in Y. pestis acquiring its niche as a virulent pathogen, thus the discovery of many translated pseudogenes underscores a need for functional analyses to investigate hypotheses related to divergence. Refinements included the discovery of a seemingly essential ribosomal protein, several virulence-associated factors, and a transcriptional regulator, among other proteins, most of which are annotated as hypothetical, that were missed during annotation.
Rutledge, Alexandra C.; Jones, Marcus B.; Chauhan, Sadhana; Purvine, Samuel O.; Sanford, James; Monroe, Matthew E.; Brewer, Heather M.; Payne, Samuel H.; Ansong, Charles; Frank, Bryan C.; Smith, Richard D.; Peterson, Scott; Motin, Vladimir L.; Adkins, Joshua N.
Norm continuous unitary representations of Lie algebras of smooth sections
We give a complete description of the bounded (i.e. norm continuous) unitary representations of the Fr\\'echet-Lie algebra of all smooth sections, as well as of the LF-Lie algebra of compactly supported smooth sections, of a smooth Lie algebra bundle whose typical fiber is a compact Lie algebra. For the Lie algebra of all sections, bounded unitary irreducible representations are finite tensor products of so-called evaluation representations, hence in particular finite-dimensional. For the Lie algebra of compactly supported sections, bounded unitary irreducible (factor) representations are possibly infinite tensor products of evaluation representations, which reduces the classification problem to results of Glimm and Powers on irreducible (factor) representations of UHF C*-algebras. The key part in our proof is the classification of irreducible bounded unitary representations of Lie algebras that are the tensor product of a compact Lie algebra and a unital real continuous inverse algebra: every such representation is a finite product of evaluation representations. On the group level, our results cover in particular the bounded unitary representations of the identity component of the group of smooth gauge transformations of a principal fiber bundle with compact base and structure group, and the connected component of the group of special unitary n times n matrices with values in an involutive commutative continuous inverse algebra.
Bas Janssens; Karl-Hermann Neeb
To appear in EPTCS. A CSP account of Event-B refinement
To appear in EPTCS. A CSP account of Event-B refinement Steve Schneider Department of Computing a CSP account of Event-B refinement, with a treatment for the first time of splitting events and of anticipated events. To this end, we define a CSP seman- tics for Event-B and show how the different forms
A refinement-based compositional reasoning framework for pipelined machine verification
We present a refinement-based compositional framework for showing that pipelined machines satisfy the same safety and liveness properties as their non-pipelined specifications. Our framework consists of a set of convenient, easily applicable, and complete ... Keywords: compositional reasoning, pipelined machine verification, refinement
Panagiotis Manolios; Sudarshan K. Srinivasan
Performance characteristics of an adaptive mesh refinement calculation on scalar and vector platforms
Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is a powerful technique that reduces the resources necessary to solve otherwise intractable problems in computational science. The AMR strategy solves the problem on a relatively coarse grid, and dynamically refines it ... Keywords: IBM power3 and power4, SGI, altix, cray X1E, high end computing, hyperCLaw framework, integrated performance monitoring
Michael Welcome; Charles Rendleman; Leonid Oliker; Rupak Biswas
Public, agencies key players in L. A. refiner's program
In the middle of the world's largest gasoline market, and what is considered the most hostile environment toward refiners, Mobil Oil Corp. runs a lean, efficient, 130,000 b/d refinery. The refinery processes 13--14[degree] API San Joaquin crude oil, converting roughly 85% to gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel fuel. It also makes low-sulfur coke. Located in the Los angeles suburb of Torrance, California, the refinery is literally across the street from residential neighborhoods of medium to high-priced houses. In addition to meeting strict local, state, and federal regulations, the refinery has to make sure its neighbors are satisfied with its operations. To meet this need, the refinery operates a 24-hr hotline that community residents can call to ask questions and voice concerns. The paper discusses agency interaction, department structure, air pollutants, air permits, reporting requirements, the clean air incentives program, NO[sub x] sources, SO[sub x] sources, particulates, fugitive emissions, CO, HF, waste water, groundwater, storm water, soil treatments, and reformulation rules for diesel fuels.
Rhodes, A.K.
Refinement and Formalization of SemiFormal Use Case Descriptions
Behavioral models of computer systems are required for their synthesis, for verification and validation. The system behavior is usually described in requirements specifications. However, most specifications are provided in natural language or in a semi-formal way. Incompleteness and ambiguity inhibit their successful exploitation by tools. In this paper an approach for stepwise refinement and formalization of natural-language or semiformal descriptions is presented. Based on the structure of Use Case descriptions, the formalization of behavioral information is reached by a stepwise transformation of an input text to structured sentences with a well-defined syntax by performing linguistic analyses. The terms of the text are replaced by references to other items, i.e. of the glossary. By providing a tool-supported text output with hypertext-like navigation facilities, a verification of the result by the human experts is provided. The resulting behavioral description is suitable for a derivation of dynamic models, e.g. message-sequence charts and state diagrams.
Matthias Riebisch; Michael H�bner
US energy industry financial developments, 1993 third quarter
Based on information provided in 1993 third quarter financial disclosures, the average net income for 112 petroleum companies -- including 18 majors -- rose 13 percent between the third quarter of 1992 and the third quarter of 1993. The gain in overall petroleum income was derived from increases in refined product consumption and margins, which improved the profitability of downstream petroleum (refining, marketing and transport) operations. A 17-percent decline in crude oil prices led to reduced income for upstream (oil and gas exploration, development and production) operations. A 16-percent rise in natural gas wellhead prices only partially offset the negative effects of low crude oil prices. Electric utilities also reported improved financial results for the third quarter of 1993 as hotter summer temperatures relative to the year-earlier quarter helped boost air conditioning demand and overall electricity usage. The following points highlight third-quarter energy industry financial developments: (1) Refined product demand and margins lift downstream earnings. Petroleum product consumption rose 2 percent between the third quarter of 1992 and the third quarter of 1993. Although petroleum product prices declined in the most recent reporting period, they did not decline as much as crude oil input prices. As a consequence, refined product margins widened. (2) Lower crude oil prices reduce upstream earnings. Crude oil prices fell 17 percent between the third quarter of 1992 and the third quarter of 1993 leading to a substantial reduction in income for the major petroleum companies` upstream operations. (3) Drilling income rises with increased North American exploratory activity.
Dictionary Optimization for Block-Sparse Representations
Recent work has demonstrated that using a carefully designed dictionary instead of a predefined one, can improve the sparsity in jointly representing a class of signals. This has motivated the derivation of learning methods for designing a dictionary which leads to the sparsest representation for a given set of signals. In some applications, the signals of interest can have further structure, so that they can be well approximated by a union of a small number of subspaces (e.g., face recognition and motion segmentation). This implies the existence of a dictionary which enables block-sparse representations of the input signals once its atoms are properly sorted into blocks. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for learning a block-sparsifying dictionary of a given set of signals. We do not require prior knowledge on the association of signals into groups (subspaces). Instead, we develop a method that automatically detects the underlying block structure. This is achieved by iteratively alternating between upda...
Rosenblum, Kevin; Eldar, Yonina C
Industrial Decision Making
Domestic industrial investment has declined due to unfavorable energy prices, and external markets. Investment behavior has changed over the past few years, and will continue due to high labor costs, tight markets and an unstable U.S. economy although, freight costs, favorable exchange rates and high capacity utilization will encourage future industrial investment. Industry will eventually enter a new period of major investment. Future industrial investment will be an opportunity to influence the energy efficiency of these facilities for generations to come. Program managers must begin engaging industrial customers now, in order to exploit this unprecedented opportunity to change future energy use patterns. This paper reviews recent market trends and industrial investment decision-making. The paper will also address several important questions: � Why has industrial investment declined? � What is the outlook for industrial investment? � How can programs engage industry for future opportunities?
Elliott, R. N.; McKinney, V.; Shipley, A.
The NEMS Industrial Demand Module estimates energy consumption by energy source (fuels and The NEMS Industrial Demand Module estimates energy consumption by energy source (fuels and feedstocks) for 12 manufacturing and 6 nonmanufacturing industries. The manufacturing industries are further subdivided into the energy-intensive manufacturing industries and nonenergy-intensive manufacturing industries. The manufacturing industries are modeled through the use of a detailed process flow or end use accounting procedure, whereas the nonmanufacturing industries are modeled with substantially less detail (Table 17). The Industrial Demand Module forecasts energy consumption at the four Census region level (see Figure 5); energy consumption at the Census Division level is estimated by allocating the Census region forecast using the SEDS 27 data.
Extraction of Typographic Elements from Outline Representations of Fonts
Digital typefaces for computer graphics and multimedia applications must be capable of supporting operations such as font variations, transformations, deformations and blending. A powerful implementation of such operations must rely on the inherent typographic attributes of the typeface. However, even today's most advanced typeface representations support only geometric outline representations and basic font variations. In this paper we discuss high-level typeface representations which we term Parametric Typographic Representations (PTRs). We present an algorithm for automatically extracting typographic elements of typefaces from their outline representation, which is an essential initial step in converting typefaces from outline representations to PTRs. The extracted typographic elements include serifs, bars, stems, slants, bows, arcs, curve stems and curve bars. Most notable is the treatment of serifs, which are represented by finite-automata. The algorithm only needs to learn a ser...
Ariel Shamir; Ari Rappoport
Vector Representation as a Tool for Detecting Characteristic Uranium Peaks.
??Vector representation is found as a viable tool for identifying the presence of and determining the difference between enriched and naturally occurring uranium. This was� (more)
Forney, Anne Marie
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Carlsbad, New Mexico REPRESENTATIONS...
bottom of this page. The representations and certifications shall apply based on the dollar value of this offer and the specific solicitation provisions and instructions...
Aggregate Production Planning for Process Industries under Competition
quantities and profits for refiners and the crude oilquantities and profits for refiners and the crude oil
Karmarkar, U. S.; Rajaram, K.
Photodegradation of mutagens in solvent-refined coal liquids
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate any changes in the chemical composition and microbial mutagenicities of two representative solvent-refined coal (SRC) liquids as a function of exposure time to sunlight and air. This information was desired to assess potential health hazards arising from ground spills of these liquids during production, transport and use. Results of microbial mutagenicity assays using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, conducted after exposure, showed that the mutagenicities of both an SRC-II fuel oil blend and an SRC-I process solvent decreased continuously with exposure time to air and that the decrease was accelerated by simultaneous exposure to simulated sunlight. The liquids were exposed as thin layers supported on surfaces of glass, paper, clay or aluminum; but the type of support had little effect on the results. The contrast between these results and the reported increases of mutagenesis in organisms exposed simultaneously to coal liquids and near-ultraviolet light suggested that short-lived mutagenic intermediates, e.g., organic free radicals, were formed in the liquids during exposure to light. The highest activities of microbial mutagenicity in the SRC liquids were found in fractions rich in amino polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (amino PAH). After a 36-hour exposure of the fuel oil blend to air in the dark, the mutagenicity of its amine-rich fraction was reduced by 65%; whereas a 36-hour exposure in the light reduced the mutagenicity of this fraction by 92%. Similar rates of reduction in mutagenicity were achieved in exposures of the process solvent. The mutagenicities of other chemical fractions remained low during exposure.
Kalkwarf, D.R.; Stewart, D.L.; Pelroy, R.A.; Weimer, W.C.
RAM: a Relativistic Adaptive Mesh Refinement Hydrodynamics Code
The authors have developed a new computer code, RAM, to solve the conservative equations of special relativistic hydrodynamics (SRHD) using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) on parallel computers. They have implemented a characteristic-wise, finite difference, weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme using the full characteristic decomposition of the SRHD equations to achieve fifth-order accuracy in space. For time integration they use the method of lines with a third-order total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge-Kutta scheme. They have also implemented fourth and fifth order Runge-Kutta time integration schemes for comparison. The implementation of AMR and parallelization is based on the FLASH code. RAM is modular and includes the capability to easily swap hydrodynamics solvers, reconstruction methods and physics modules. In addition to WENO they have implemented a finite volume module with the piecewise parabolic method (PPM) for reconstruction and the modified Marquina approximate Riemann solver to work with TVD Runge-Kutta time integration. They examine the difficulty of accurately simulating shear flows in numerical relativistic hydrodynamics codes. They show that under-resolved simulations of simple test problems with transverse velocity components produce incorrect results and demonstrate the ability of RAM to correctly solve these problems. RAM has been tested in one, two and three dimensions and in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. they have demonstrated fifth-order accuracy for WENO in one and two dimensions and performed detailed comparison with other schemes for which they show significantly lower convergence rates. Extensive testing is presented demonstrating the ability of RAM to address challenging open questions in relativistic astrophysics.
Zhang, Wei-Qun; /KIPAC, Menlo Park; MacFadyen, Andrew I.; /Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study
Boundary representations and pure completely positive maps
In 2006, Arveson resolved a long-standing problem by showing that for any element $x$ of a separable self-adjoint unital subspace $S\\subseteq B(H)$, $\\|x\\|=\\sup\\|\\pi(x)\\|$, where $\\pi$ runs over the boundary representations for $S$. Here we show that "sup" can be replaced by "max". This implies that the Choquet boundary for a separable operator system is a boundary in the classical sense; a similar result is obtained in terms of pure matrix states when $S$ is not assumed to be separable. For matrix convex sets associated to operator systems in matrix algebras, we apply the above results to improve the Webster-Winkler Krein-Milman theorem.
Kleski, Craig
LR: Compact connectivity representation for triangle meshes
We propose LR (Laced Ring) - a simple data structure for representing the connectivity of manifold triangle meshes. LR provides the option to store on average either 1.08 references per triangle or 26.2 bits per triangle. Its construction, from an input mesh that supports constant-time adjacency queries, has linear space and time complexity, and involves ordering most vertices along a nearly-Hamiltonian cycle. LR is best suited for applications that process meshes with fixed connectivity, as any changes to the connectivity require the data structure to be rebuilt. We provide an implementation of the set of standard random-access, constant-time operators for traversing a mesh, and show that LR often saves both space and traversal time over competing representations.
Gurung, T; Luffel, M; Lindstrom, P; Rossignac, J
Matrix representation of the time operator
In quantum mechanics the time operator {Theta} satisfies the commutation relation [{Theta}, H]=i, and thus it may be thought of as being formally canonically conjugate to the Hamiltonian H. The time operator associated with a given Hamiltonian H is not unique because one can replace {Theta} by {Theta}+{Theta}{sub hom}, where {Theta}{sub hom} satisfies the homogeneous condition [{Theta}{sub hom}, H]= 0. To study this nonuniqueness the matrix elements of {Theta} for the harmonic-oscillator Hamiltonian are calculated in the eigenstate basis. This calculation requires the summation of divergent series, and the summation is accomplished by using zeta-summation techniques. It is shown that by including appropriate homogeneous contributions, the matrix elements of {Theta} simplify dramatically. However, it is still not clear whether there is an optimally simple representation of the time operator.
Bender, Carl M. [Department of Physics, Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 1LS (United Kingdom); Gianfreda, Mariagiovanna [Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universita del Salento and I.N.F.N. Sezione di Lecce, Via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce (Italy)
Variational estimates using a discrete variable representation
The advantage of using a discrete variable representation (DVR) is that the Hamiltonian of two interacting particles can be constructed in a very simple form. However, the DVR Hamiltonian is approximate and, as a consequence, the results cannot be considered as variational ones. We will show that the variational character of the results can be restored by performing a reduced number of integrals. In practice, for a variational description of the lowest n bound states only n(n+1)/2 integrals are necessary whereas D(D+1)/2 integrals are enough for the scattering states (D is the dimension of the S matrix). Applications of the method to the study of dimers of He, Ne and Ar, for both bound and scattering states, are presented.
Lombardi, M.; Barletta, P.; Kievsky, A. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Buonarroti 2, 56100 Pisa (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Pisa, 56100 Pisa (Italy)
Users from Industry
Users from Industry Users from Industry Users from Industry Print The Advanced Light Source (ALS) welcomes industrial users from large and small companies whose projects advance scientific knowledge, investigate the development of new products and manufacturing methods, or provide economic benefits and jobs to the economy. The nature of industrial research can be different from traditional university and government sponsored projects, so the ALS has created unique opportunities for new and existing industrial users to access our user facilities and engage in productive relationships with our scientific and engineering staff. Examples of past and current research conducted at the ALS can be viewed on the Industry @ ALS Web page. There are several modes of access; the ALS User and Scientific Support Groups are especially committed to helping new industrial users gain a foothold in our user community and welcome inquiries about how to make that happen.
Industrial | Open Energy Information
to: navigation, search Click to return to AEO2011 page AEO2011 Data From AEO2011 report . Market Trends Despite a 54-percent increase in industrial shipments, industrial energy...
America's Booming Wind Industry
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Sharing key findings from two new Energy Department reports that highlight the record growth of America's wind industry.
The Copper Industry
...These products are sold to a wide variety of industrial users. Certain mill products�??chiefly wire, cable, and most
NIST Industry Day 2012
... at www.fedbizopps.gov. Search NIST-AMD-INDUSTRY-DAY-2012 in the Quick Search engine. Deadline for registration ...
Industrial Development Projects (Montana)
This legislation authorizes municipalities and counties to issue bonds or interest coupons to finance industrial projects, including energy generation facilities.
Voronoi, Delaunay, and Block-Structured Mesh Refinement for Solution of the Shallow-Water Equations on the Sphere
Alternative meshes of the sphere and adaptive mesh refinement could be immensely beneficial for weather and climate forecasts, but it is not clear how mesh refinement should be achieved. A finite-volume model that solves the shallow-water ...
Hilary Weller; Henry G. Weller; Aim� Fournier
Transforming the Oil Industry into the Energy Industry
innovation and lets industry pick winning technologies. TheTransforming the Oil Industry intothe Energy Industry BY DANIEL SPERLING AND SONIA YEH A C C E
Sperling, Daniel; Yeh, Sonia
From Industry Protection to Industry Promotion: IT Policy in Brazil
Brazilian banking automation industry. Science, TechnologyBrazilian liberalisation of the IT industry on technologicalWorking paper. Computer Industry Almanac, Inc. (1999).
Botelho, Antonio Jose Junqueira; Dedrick, Jason; Kraemer, Kenneth L.; Tigre, Paulo Bastos
,"U.S. Aviation Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes"
Aviation Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes" Aviation Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","U.S. Aviation Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes",2,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1983" ,"Release Date:","12/2/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","1/2/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_cons_refoth_c_nus_eppv_mgalpd_m.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_refoth_c_nus_eppv_mgalpd_m.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration" ,"For Help, Contact:","firstname.lastname@example.com"
,"Aviation Gasoline Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes"
Aviation Gasoline Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes" Aviation Gasoline Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","Aviation Gasoline Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes",60,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1983" ,"Release Date:","12/2/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","1/2/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_cons_refoth_a_eppv_vtr_mgalpd_m.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_refoth_a_eppv_vtr_mgalpd_m.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration"
,"U.S. Sales to End Users, Total Refiner Motor Gasoline Sales Volumes"
Users, Total Refiner Motor Gasoline Sales Volumes" Users, Total Refiner Motor Gasoline Sales Volumes" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","Products for Refiner Gasoline Volumes",1,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1983" ,"Data 2","by Grade",3,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1983" ,"Data 3","by Formulation",3,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1994" ,"Release Date:","12/2/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","1/2/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_cons_refmg_d_nus_vtr_mgalpd_m.xls"
,"U.S. Residual Fuel Oil Refiner Sales Volumes"
Refiner Sales Volumes" Refiner Sales Volumes" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","U.S. Residual Fuel Oil Refiner Sales Volumes",2,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1983" ,"Release Date:","12/2/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","1/2/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_cons_refres_c_nus_eppr_mgalpd_m.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_refres_c_nus_eppr_mgalpd_m.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration" ,"For Help, Contact:","firstname.lastname@example.com"
Influence of Aluminum Content on Grain Refinement and Strength of AZ31 Magnesium GTA Weld Metal
The goal is to characterize the effect of Al content on AZ31 weld metal, the grain size and strength, and examine role of Al on grain refinement. The approach is to systematically vary the aluminum content of AZ31 weld metal, Measure average grain size in weld metal, and Measure cross-weld tensile properties and hardness. Conclusions are that: (1) increased Al content in AZ31 weld metal results in grain refinement Reason: higher undercooling during solidification; (2) weld metal grain refinement resulted in increased strength & hardness Reason: grain boundary strengthening; and (3) weld metal strength can be raised to wrought base metal levels.
Babu, N. Kishore [Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology; Cross, Carl E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
,"U.S. Motor Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes"
Refiner Sales Volumes" Refiner Sales Volumes" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","U.S. Motor Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes",6,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1983" ,"Release Date:","12/2/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","1/2/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_cons_refmg_c_nus_epm0_mgalpd_m.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_refmg_c_nus_epm0_mgalpd_m.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration" ,"For Help, Contact:","email@example.com"
Industry - ORNL Neutron Sciences
Industry banner Industry banner Neutron scattering research has applications in practically every field, and neutron research at ORNL is leading to productive partnerships with the industrial and business communities. We welcome proposals for all types of research, including those involving proprietary work. Recent studies have led to discoveries with potential applications in fields such as medicine, energy, and various metals technologies. For more information, please see our recent research highlights. Research Collaborations Industry-Driven Research Benefits Plastics Manufacturing Corning uses VULCAN to test limits of ceramic material for car emission controls, filtration devices Neutrons Probe Inner Workings of Batteries Industry and Neutron Science: Working To Make a Match
Expanded bag of words representation for object classification
Currently, the bag of visual words (BOW) representation has received wide applications in object categorization. However, the BOW representation ignores the dependency relationship among visual words, which could provide informative knowledge to understand ... Keywords: bag of words, object classification, query expansion, spatial correlation
Tinglin Liu; Jing Liu; Qinshan Liu; Hanqing Lu
Texas Tech University Knowledge Representation Group Reasoning about agents intentions
1 Texas Tech University Knowledge Representation Group Reasoning about agents intentions Justin Blount and Michael Gelfond October 17, 2011 #12;2 Texas Tech University Knowledge Representation Group) and a rational agents response to the failure of a plan to achieve its goal. #12;3 Texas Tech University
Zhang, Yuanlin
Texas Tech University Knowledge Representation Group Modular Action Language ALM
1 Texas Tech University Knowledge Representation Group Modular Action Language ALM Michael Gelfond and Daniela Inclezan Computer Science Department Texas Tech University February 11, 2010 #12;2 Texas Tech for specifying such diagrams. #12;3 Texas Tech University Knowledge Representation Group Action Languages and ASP
First�Order Representations of Discrete Linear MultidimensionalSystems
The classical local state�space models for discrete multidimensional linear systems, as proposed by Roesser or Fornasini and Marchesini, require causality of the resulting transfer matrices. We consider a generalization comprising non-causal ... Keywords: (Laurent) polynomial matrices, behavior, first�, input�, kernel and image representation, linear fractional transformation, minimality, order representation, output structure, properness
Eva Zerz
On Kusuoka Representation of Law Invariant Risk Measures
In this paper we discuss representations of law invariant coherent risk measures in a form of integrals of the average value-at-risk measures. We show that such an integral representation exists iff the dual set of the considered risk measure is generated ... Keywords: Fenchel-Moreau theorem, average value-at-risk, coherent risk measures, comonotonic risk measures, law invariance
Alexander Shapiro
Extremal Properties of Bases for Representations of Semisimple Lie Algebras
Let \\cal L be a complex semisimple Lie algebra with specified Chevalley generators. Let V be a finite dimensional representation of \\cal L with weight basis \\cal B. The supporting graph P of \\cal ... Keywords: irreducible representations, semisimple Lie algebras, supporting graphs
Robert G. Donnelly
Mixture representations for the reliability of consecutive-k systems
In this paper, we obtain representations for the reliability of consecutive type systems as a mixture of the reliability of order statistics whenever the systems consist of exchangeable components. The representations enable us to compute the reliability ... Keywords: Consecutive k-out-of- n system, Consecutive k-within-m-out-of-n system, Maximal signature, Minimal signature, Order statistics, System reliability, System signature
Serkan Ery?Lmaz
Learning parts-based representation for face transition
This paper proposes to learn parts-based face representation from real face samples and then applies it to face transition. It differs from previous works in two aspects. First, we learn flexible face decomposition from real faces unsupervisedly instead ... Keywords: constrained em algorithm, face synthesis, face transition, parts-based representation
Xiong Li; Liwei Wang; Huanxi Liu; Yuncai Liu
Non-linear image representation based on IDP with NN
In this paper is offered a method for non-linear still image representation based on pyramidal decomposition with a neural network. This approach is developed by analogy with the hypothesis for the way humans do image recognition using consecutive approximations ... Keywords: neural networks, non-linear image representation, pyramidal decomposition
Roumen Kountchev; Stuart Rubin; Mariofanna Milanova; Vladimir Todorov; Roumiana Kountcheva
Hooks generate the representation ring of the symmetric group
We prove that the representation ring of the symmetric group on $n$ letters is generated by the exterior powers of its natural $(n-1)$-dimensional representation. The proof we give illustrates a strikingly simple formula due to Y. Dvir. We provide an application and investigate a possible generalization of this result to some other reflection groups.
Marin, Ivan
Preservice teachers' knowledge of linear functions within multiple representation modes
This study examines preservice teachers� knowledge in the case of linear functions. Teachers� knowledge in general consists of their subject matter knowledge and their pedagogical content knowledge. In this study, teachers� subject matter knowledge is examined by looking at their ability to adapt to different representation modes. The framework for subject matter content knowledge consists of five components: (1) flexibility across formal mathematical symbolisms; (2) flexibility between visual and algebraic representations; (3) flexibility within visual representations; (4) flexibility with real-life situations, and (5) procedural skills. In terms of pedagogical content knowledge, two aspects were examined across five corresponding components. These two aspects were knowledge of students� conceptions and misconceptions, and teachers� teaching strategies. The primary source of data for the study was from two tests and six interviews. The results showed preservice teachers performed poorly in terms of representation flexibility. Furthermore, most of the preservice teachers had limited knowledge of the nature and sources of students� mistakes as well as effective teaching strategies to help students with their misconceptions. In terms of knowledge structure, representation flexibility was found to be significant in both CK and PCK compared to procedural skills. Moreover, the representational flexibility in terms of CK seemed to strongly predict the overall PCK performance. Representational flexibility seemed to be related to the use of instructional representations. Overall, there was a strong relationship between various components of CK and PCK.
You, Zhixia
Tradeo s in the Intensional Representation of Lambda Terms
Tradeo#11;s in the Intensional Representation of Lambda Terms Chuck Liang 1 and Gopalan Nadathur 2 depend on the implementation of an intensional view of the terms of suitable typed lambda calculi. Re#12: the de Bruijn representation of bound variables, the explicit encoding of substitutions in terms
Nadathur, Gopalan
MRM: A matrix representation and mapping approach for knowledge acquisition
Knowledge acquisition plays a critical role in constructing a knowledge-based system (KBS). It is the most time-consuming phase and has been recognized as the bottleneck of KBS development. This paper presents a matrix representation and mapping (MRM) ... Keywords: General sorting, Knowledge acquisition, Knowledge-based systems, Matrix representation and mapping, Rule generation
Chun-Hsien Chen; Zhiming Rao
Representation-independent manipulations with Dirac matrices and spinors
Dirac matrices, also known as gamma matrices, are defined only up to a similarity transformation. Usually, some explicit representation of these matrices is assumed in order to deal with them. In this article, we show how it is possible to proceed without any such assumption. Various important identities involving Dirac matrices and spinors have been derived without assuming any representation at any stage.
Palash B. Pal
US Energy Industry Financial Developments, 1993 fourth quarter, April 1994
This report traces key financial trends in the US energy industry for the fourth quarter of 1993. Financial data (only available for publicly-traded US companies) are included in two broad groups -- fossil fuel production and rate-regulated electric utilities. All financial data are taken from public sources such as energy industry corporate reports and press releases, energy trade publications, and The Wall Street Journal`s Earnings Digest; return on equity is calculated from data available from Standard and Poor`s Compustat data service. Since several major petroleum companies disclose their income by lines of business and geographic area, these data are also presented in this report. Although the disaggregated income concept varies by company and is not strictly comparable to corporate income, relative movements in income by lines of business and geographic area are summarized as useful indicators of short-term changes in the underlying profitability of these operations. Based on information provided in 1993 fourth quarter financial disclosures, the net income for 82 petroleum companies -- including 18 majors -- was unchanged between the fourth quarter of 1992 and the fourth quarter of 1993. An 18-percent decline in crude oil prices resulted in a deterioration of the performance of upstream (oil and gas production) petroleum companies during the final quarter of 1993. However, prices for refined products fell much less than the price of crude oil, resulting in higher refined product margins and downstream (refining, marketing and transport) petroleum earnings. An increase in refined product demand also contributed to the rise in downstream income.
Industry response to lead phase ''out''
The purpose of this paper is to characterize the industry response to lead phasedown (or, more aptly, lead ''phase out'') and pose implications of lead phasedown on the future of the refining industry. Over the 1976-1985 period, lead consumption has declined from about 170 to 18 billion grams. By 1987, lead consumption will decline further to 7 billion grams. Beyond 1988, lead usage will be contingent upon whether or not the EPA bans its usage in 1988. If lead is not banned by 1988, its usage will still decline to less than 3 billion grams. This dramatic decline in lead usage has created threats and opportunities for participants in the refining industry, the most important of which are discussed in this paper.
Rangnow, D.G.; Felten, J.R.
Two direct coal liquids were evaluated by linear programming analysis to determine their value as petroleum refinery feedstock. The first liquid, DL1, was produced from bitiuminous coal using the Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc.(HTI) two-stage hydrogenation process in Proof of Concept Run No.1, POC-1. The second liquid, DL2,was produced from sub-bituminous coal using a three-stage HTI process in Proof of Concept Run No. 2, POC-2; the third stage being a severe hydrogenation process. A linear programming (LP) model was developed which simulates a generic 150,000 barrel per day refinery in the Midwest U.S. Data from upgrading tests conducted on the coal liquids and related petroleum fractions in the pilot plant testing phase of the Refining and End Use Study was inputed into the model. The coal liquids were compared against a generic petroleum crude feedstock. under two scenarios. In the first scenario, it was assumed that the refinery capacity and product slate/volumes were fixed. The coal liquids would be used to replace a portion of the generic crude. The LP results showed that the DL1 material had essentially the same value as the generic crude. Due to its higher quality, the DL2 material had a value of approximately 0.60 $/barrel higher than the petroleum crude. In the second scenario, it was assumed that a market opportunity exists to increase production by one-third. This requires a refinery expansion. The feedstock for this scenario could be either 100% petroleum crude or a combination of petroleum crude and the direct coal liquids. Linear programming analysis showed that the capital cost of the refinery expansion was significantly less when coal liquids are utilized. In addition, the pilot plant testing showed that both of the direct coal liquids demonstrated superior catalytic cracking and naphtha reforming yields. Depending on the coal liquid flow rate, the value of the DL1 material was 2.5-4.0 $/barrel greater than the base petroleum crude, while the DL2 material was 3.0-4.0 /barrel higher than the crude. Co-processing the coal liquids with lower quality, less expensive petroleum crudes that have higher sulfur, resid and metals contents was also examined. The coal liquids have higher values under this scenario, but the values are dependent on the prices of the alternative crudes.
Uranium industry annual 1998
The Uranium Industry Annual 1998 (UIA 1998) provides current statistical data on the US uranium industry`s activities relating to uranium raw materials and uranium marketing. It contains data for the period 1989 through 2008 as collected on the Form EIA-858, ``Uranium Industry Annual Survey.`` Data provides a comprehensive statistical characterization of the industry`s activities for the survey year and also include some information about industry`s plans and commitments for the near-term future. Data on uranium raw materials activities for 1989 through 1998, including exploration activities and expenditures, EIA-estimated reserves, mine production of uranium, production of uranium concentrate, and industry employment, are presented in Chapter 1. Data on uranium marketing activities for 1994 through 2008, including purchases of uranium and enrichment services, enrichment feed deliveries, uranium fuel assemblies, filled and unfilled market requirements, and uranium inventories, are shown in Chapter 2. The methodology used in the 1998 survey, including data edit and analysis, is described in Appendix A. The methodologies for estimation of resources and reserves are described in Appendix B. A list of respondents to the ``Uranium Industry Annual Survey`` is provided in Appendix C. The Form EIA-858 ``Uranium Industry Annual Survey`` is shown in Appendix D. For the readers convenience, metric versions of selected tables from Chapters 1 and 2 are presented in Appendix E along with the standard conversion factors used. A glossary of technical terms is at the end of the report. 24 figs., 56 tabs.
Uranium industry annual 1994
The Uranium Industry Annual 1994 (UIA 1994) provides current statistical data on the US uranium industry`s activities relating to uranium raw materials and uranium marketing during that survey year. The UIA 1994 is prepared for use by the Congress, Federal and State agencies, the uranium and nuclear electric utility industries, and the public. It contains data for the 10-year period 1985 through 1994 as collected on the Form EIA-858, ``Uranium Industry Annual Survey.`` Data collected on the ``Uranium Industry Annual Survey`` (UIAS) provide a comprehensive statistical characterization of the industry`s activities for the survey year and also include some information about industry`s plans and commitments for the near-term future. Where aggregate data are presented in the UIA 1994, care has been taken to protect the confidentiality of company-specific information while still conveying accurate and complete statistical data. A feature article, ``Comparison of Uranium Mill Tailings Reclamation in the United States and Canada,`` is included in the UIA 1994. Data on uranium raw materials activities including exploration activities and expenditures, EIA-estimated resources and reserves, mine production of uranium, production of uranium concentrate, and industry employment are presented in Chapter 1. Data on uranium marketing activities, including purchases of uranium and enrichment services, and uranium inventories, enrichment feed deliveries (actual and projected), and unfilled market requirements are shown in Chapter 2.
Users from Industry Print Users from Industry Print The Advanced Light Source (ALS) welcomes industrial users from large and small companies whose projects advance scientific knowledge, investigate the development of new products and manufacturing methods, or provide economic benefits and jobs to the economy. The nature of industrial research can be different from traditional university and government sponsored projects, so the ALS has created unique opportunities for new and existing industrial users to access our user facilities and engage in productive relationships with our scientific and engineering staff. Examples of past and current research conducted at the ALS can be viewed on the Industry @ ALS Web page. There are several modes of access; the ALS User and Scientific Support Groups are especially committed to helping new industrial users gain a foothold in our user community and welcome inquiries about how to make that happen.
Tobacco Industry Involvement in Colorado
Accessed May 25, 2004) Industry Summary. 1992 (est. ).11 May 2004) Tobacco Industry Involvement in Colorado Pageor (800) LUNG-USA. Tobacco Industry Involvement in Colorado
Landman, BA, Anne; Bialick, Peter
For Industry | ornl.gov
R&D accelerates battery technology | More news Home | Connect with ORNL | For Industry For Industry | For Industry SHARE There are a few different way of "working" with...
Enzo-P / Cello: scalable adaptive mesh refinement for astrophysics and cosmology
Cello is a highly-scalable object-oriented adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) framework currently under development. While Cello is expected to be usable within multiple scientific problem domains, we specifically target specialized requirements of astrophysics ...
James Bordner; Michael L. Norman
Healthful LipidsChapter 3 Production, Processing and Refining of Oils
Healthful Lipids Chapter 3 Production, Processing and Refining of Oils Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry AOCS Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 3 Production, Processing an
Fats and Oils Handbook (Nahrungsfette und �le)Chapter 7 Refining
Fats and Oils Handbook (Nahrungsfette und �le) Chapter 7 Refining Food Science Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Food Science & Technology Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Press Downloadable pdf of Chap
Process for solvent refining of coal using a denitrogenated and dephenolated solvent
A process is disclosed for the solvent refining of non-anthracitic coal at elevated temperatures and pressure in a hydrogen atmosphere using a hydrocarbon solvent which before being recycled in the solvent refining process is subjected to chemical treatment to extract substantially all nitrogenous and phenolic constituents from the solvent so as to improve the conversion of coal and the production of oil in the solvent refining process. The solvent refining process can be either thermal or catalytic. The extraction of nitrogenous compounds can be performed by acid contact such as hydrogen chloride or fluoride treatment, while phenolic extraction can be performed by caustic contact or contact with a mixture of silica and alumina.
Garg, Diwakar (Macungie, PA); Givens, Edwin N. (Bethlehem, PA); Schweighardt, Frank K. (Allentown, PA)
Table 3b. Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Projected...
b. Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil, Projected vs. Actual" "Projected Price in Nominal Dollars" " (nominal dollars per barrel)" ,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,20...
Indiana No. 2 Fuel Oil Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners ...
Indiana No. 2 Fuel Oil Wholesale/Resale Volume by Refiners (Thousand Gallons per Day) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 ... No.1 and ...
A Refined Gomory-Chv�tal Closure for Polytopes in the Unit Cube
Mar 23, 2012 ... A Refined Gomory-Chv�tal Closure for Polytopes in the Unit Cube. Juliane Dunkel(juliane ***at*** mit.edu) Andreas S. Schulz(schulz ***at***�...
Performance Profiles Table Browser: T-28. U.S. Petroleum Refining ...
Biofuels: Ethanol & Biodiesel ... Less: Cost of Raw Materials Input To Refining. 170,591 227,622 301,165 343,689 357,559 494,471 309,878 Net ...
- W 73.5 See footnotes at end of table. A2. RefinerReseller Prices of Aviation Fuels, Propane, and Kerosene, by PAD District, 1983-Present Energy Information Administration ...
Error Characteristics of Two Grid Refinement Approaches in Aquaplanet Simulations: MPAS-A and WRF
This study compares the error characteristics associated with two grid refinement approaches including global variable resolution and nesting for high-resolution regional climate modeling. The global variable-resolution model, Model for Prediction ...
Samson Hagos; Ruby Leung; Sara A. Rauscher; Todd Ringler
Croatian refiner meets waste water treatment standards, reduces fines
A new approach to waste water treatment at a refinery in Croatia produces effluent that not only meets the region`s regulations for disposal into the Adriatic Sea, but also surpasses the refinery`s specifications for recycling process water. Key to the dramatic reduction in pollutants was the installation of a Sandfloat unit developed by Krofta Engineering Corp. The Sandfloat unit is a dissolved air flotation clarifier that combines flocculation, flotation, and multilayer filtration to produce high-quality effluent. In fact, the effluent from the unit has a lower hydrocarbon concentration than water from the underground wells that supply process water to the refinery. While similar systems have been used for decades in industrial applications, this is the first time a Sandfloat unit has been installed in an oil refinery. The article describes the problem, refinery operations, treatment costs, and effluent recycling.
Meier, A.L. [Krofta Engineering Corp., Lenox, MA (United States); Nikolic, O. [INA Oil Refinery, Rijeka (Croatia)
PIA - Industry Interactive Procurement System (IIPS) | Department...
Industry Interactive Procurement System (IIPS) PIA - Industry Interactive Procurement System (IIPS) PIA - Industry Interactive Procurement System (IIPS) PIA - Industry Interactive...
Refine your search Select options from the menu on the left hand
://psu.summon.serialssolutions.comhttp://psu.summon.serialssolutions.com F I N A L LY : RESEARCH AS EASYAS 1-2-3 #12;1 Enter search term into search box. 2 Refine results relevant articles were published in that year. Include or Exclude subject terms from your searchRefine your search Select options from the menu on the left hand side of the results screen
Yener, Aylin
Sum-of-Gaussians representation of sunshape
The angular distribution of sunlight reaching the earth varies considerably because of interaction with the atmosphere. Five typical sunshapes, chosen from the widest to the narrowest shape in the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory data, are approximated by a sum of six Gaussian distributions. In many applications sunshapes are convolved with error-cone distributions that represent a statistical description of uncertainties encountered in an optical concentrating system. Sunshape convolution with a series of circular-normal error cones indicates that the effective sunshape is well represented by analytic convolution between the error cone and the sum of Gaussians. This analytic convolution can replace the more costly (in time and computer storage) numerical methods for convolving the error cone and the experimental sunshape distribution. Results of both calculation methods are found to be consistent when the dispersion of the error cone is greater than 0.0012. A simple prescription indicates how each of the analytic representations may be transformed to approximate sunshapes appropriate for slightly different atmospheric conditions. The analytic form of the effective sunshape is given as a sum of six elliptic-normal distributions when the error cone is an elliptic-normal distribution.
Vittitoe, C.N.; Biggs, F.
Microsoft PowerPoint - genealogy of major US refiners (00 to 09).ppt
Of Major U.S. Refiners Of Major U.S. Refiners 2001 2004 2005 2006 2000 2002 Diamond Shamrock Ultramar j 6/01 12/01 9/97 12/96 Total North America Valero Salomon (Basis) Huntway Valero Valero Ultramar Diamond Shamrock (UDS) UDS 5/97 Notes, footnotes, and source notes are at the bottom of these figures. 2003 Clark Refining g 9/05 Valero Valero 3/98 Mapco Williams Williams Companies d 3/03 d Premcor h 1/89 4/00 12/98 BP America BP Amoco ARCO BP America SOHIO BP America b Sun Company Sunoco r 1/04 o El Paso 1/01 Pacific Refining (jv) Coastal Orion Valero 7/03 6/01 o El Paso 12/88 n 2007 2008 2009 BP-Husky Refining LLC (jv) Husky 7/07 i 4/08 c 10/98 l 8/94 q 9/89 p 12/88 a 7/94 e 12/98 f 6/00 m 9/00 k 5/04 g Holly 6/03 s 6/09 t 12/09 u Holly Genealogy Of Major U.S. Refiners (continued) 2001 2004 2005 2006 2000 2002 2003 2007 2008 2009 1/98 USX (Marathon) 10/98 y Ashland Marathon Lyondell
Development of miscella refining process for cottonseed oil-isopropyl alcohol system: laboratory-scale evaluations
A technologically feasible cottonseed oil-isopropyl alcohol (IPA) miscella refining process was developed to produce high quality cottonseed oil. Individual steps necessary to refine cottonseed oil-IPA miscella were determined and improved. These were: 1) homogenization of the cottonseed oil-IPA miscella with caustic solution; 2) centrifugation; 3) separation of miscella layers; 4) desolventization, 5) water washing and drying; and 6) bleaching. In neutralization, the miscella was mixed with 20 Be' caustic solution (50% excess) by using a Sonolator for 15 times. The refined oils from both the bottom and top layers were water washed using 12.5% and 20% (w/w) hot water, respectively. The water washing efficiently recovered the oil from the top layer miscella and reduced the soap and phosphorus content. The water washed and dried oils from the bottom and top layers were treated with 0.5% and 4% (w/w) acid activated bleaching clay, respectively. Good quality refined and bleached oil was obtained. However, the quality of the bleached oil produced from bottom layer was better than that from the top layer. Comparative experiments with both IPA and hexane systems showed that the new refining process developed in this study could produce a higher quality refined oil from the cottonseed oil-IPA miscella than from the cottonseed oil-hexane miscella.
Chau, Chi-Fai
Industrial | OpenEI
Industrial Industrial Dataset Summary Description The Industrial Assessment Centers (IAC) Database is a collection of all the publicly available data from energy efficiency assessments conducted by IACs at small and medium-sized industrial facilities. Source Department of Energy Industrial Assessment Centers Date Released September 20th, 2012 (2 years ago) Date Updated September 20th, 2012 (2 years ago) Keywords assessment energy efficiency Industrial manufacturing small and medium-sized Data application/vnd.ms-excel icon copy_of_iac_database.xls (xls, 28.7 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Standards Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Daily Time Period License License Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and Licence (PDDL) Comment Rate this dataset
Industrial Partnerships Office
Industrial Partnerships Office 6/13 Richard Rankin Director----Roger Werne Deputy Director-----Yvonne King Administrator Nina Potter Manager Intellectual Property
Industrial Waste Generation
9) Page 2 of 7 Industrial Waste Generation Work with Engineered Nanomaterials Power Consumption Historical Contamination (groundwater, soil) Hazardous Waste Generation Atmospheric...
Construction Industry Software
... Translates a CIS/2 (CIMsteel Integration Standards) file into a 3D interactive VRML model of a steel structure or an IFC (Industry Foundation Classes ...
Search - Industrial Partnerships Office
Industrial Partnerships Office P.O. Box 808, L-795 Livermore, CA 94551 Phone: (925) 422-6416 Fax: (925) 423-8988 Operated by Lawrence Livermore ...
Technologies - Industrial Partnerships Office
Energy, Utilities, & Power Systems. Industrial Partnerships Office P.O. Box 808, L-795 Livermore, CA 94551 Phone: (925) 422-6416 Fax: (925) 423-8988
Industrial Energy Efficiency Assessments
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Assessments Lynn Price Staff Scientist China Energy Group Energy Analysis Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Industrial Energy Efficiency Assessments - Definition and overview of key components - International experience - Chinese situation and recommendations - US-China collaboration Industrial Energy Efficiency Assessments - Analysis of the use of energy and potential for energy efficiency in an industrial facility * Current situation * Recommendations for improving energy efficiency * Cost-benefit analysis of recommended options * An action plan for realizing potential savings Types of Industrial Energy Efficiency Assessments - Preliminary or walk-through - Detailed or diagnostic Audit criteria
OpenEI - Industrial
renewable energy consumption (in quadrillion btu) for electricity generation in the United States by energy use sector (commercial, industrial and electric power) and by...
Dynamic explicitly specified behaviors in distributed agent-based industrial solutions
Currently, the manufacturing domain is primarily characterized by the flexibility, adaptability and robustness of the production system. The manufacturing flow processes lead to shorter cycle times to efficiently meet customer needs. Mentioned features ... Keywords: Agents, Architectures, Behavior, Events, Industry automation, Knowledge representation, Knowledge transfer, Manufacturing
Miloslav Radakovi?; Marek Obitko; Vladim�r Ma?�k
Recent developments: Industry briefs
This article is the `Industry Briefs` portion of the March 1992 `Recent Developments` section of Nuexco. Specific issues mentioned are: (1) closure of Yankee Rowe, (2) steam-generator tube plugging at Trojan, (3) laser enrichment in South Africa, (4) the US uranium industry, (5) planning for two nuclear units in Taiwan, and (6) the establishment of a Czech/French joint venture.
Geothermal industry assessment
An assessment of the geothermal industry is presented, focusing on industry structure, corporate activities and strategies, and detailed analysis of the technological, economic, financial, and institutional issues important to government policy formulation. The study is based principally on confidential interviews with executives of 75 companies active in the field. (MHR)
The Institute for Public Representation, on behalf of the Potomac
The Institute for Public Representation, on behalf of the Potomac The Institute for Public Representation, on behalf of the Potomac Riverkeeper, Inc., the Patuxent Riverkeeper, and the Anacostia Riverkeeper at Earth Conservation Corps Comments on Department of Energy's Special Environmental Analysis Regarding Operatio The Institute for Public Representation, on behalf of the Potomac Riverkeeper, Inc., the Patuxent Riverkeeper, and the Anacostia Riverkeeper at Earth Conservation Corps Comments on Department of Energy's Special Environmental Analysis Regarding Operatio Docket No. EO-05-01. Order No. 202-07-02: The Institute for Public Representation, on behalf of the Potomac Riverkeeper, Inc., the Patuxent Riverkeeper, and the Anacostia Riverkeeper at Earth Conservation Corps, submits the following comments on the Department of Energy's November
An Overview of Geometry Representation in Monte Carlo Codes
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Geometry Representation Geometry Representation in Monte Carlo Codes R.P. Kensek, * B.C. Franke, * T.W. Laub * , L.J. Lorence, * M. R. Martin, * S. Warren † * Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 1179, Albuquerque, NM 87185 † Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Geometry representations in production Monte Carlo radiation transport codes used for linear-transport simulations are traditionally limited to combinatorial geometry (CG) topologies. While CG representations of input geometries are efficient to query, they are difficult to construct. In the Integrated-TIGER-Series (ITS) Monte Carlo code suite, a new approach for radiation transport geometry engines has been implemented that allows for Computer Aided Design (CAD), facetted approximations, and other geometry types to simultaneously define an input geometry.
Representation Error of Oceanic Observations for Data Assimilation
A simple approach to the estimation of representation error (RE) of sea level (?), temperature (T), and salinity (S) observations for ocean data assimilation is described. It is assumed that the main source of RE is due to unresolved processes ...
Peter R. Oke; Pavel Sakov
Semantic representation of digital ink in the classroom learning partner
The research presented in this thesis addresses a critical issue in the introduction of new tablet-PC-based educational technology in the classroom: interpretation and semantic representation of digital ink. The teaching ...
Rbeiz, Michel A
Stimulus Simplification and Object Representation: A Modeling Study
Tsunoda et al. (2001) recently studied the nature of object representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex using a combination of optical imaging and extracellular recordings. In particular, they examined IT neuron ...
Knoblich, Ulf
The Role of Knowledge in Visual Shape Representation
This report shows how knowledge about the visual world can be built into a shape representation in the form of a descriptive vocabulary making explicit the important geometrical relationships comprising objects' shapes. ...
Saund, Eric
An Alternate Graphical Representation of Periodic table of Chemical Elements
Periodic table of chemical elements symbolizes an elegant graphical representation of symmetry at atomic level and provides an overview on arrangement of electrons. It started merely as tabular representation of chemical elements, later got strengthened with quantum mechanical description of atomic structure and recent studies have revealed that periodic table can be formulated using SO(4,2)* SU(2) group. IUPAC, the governing body in Chemistry, doesn't approve any periodic table as a standard periodic table. The only specific recommendation provided by IUPAC is that the periodic table should follow the 1 to 18 group numbering. In this technical paper, we describe a new graphical representation of periodic table, referred as 'Circular form of Periodic table'. The advantages of circular form of periodic table over other representations are discussed along with a brief discussion on history of periodic tables.
Mohd Abubakr
Efficient representation of linguistic knowledge for continuous speech understanding
This paper describes a linguistic knowledge representation technique suitable for reducing analysis time and memory requirements in a parser for continuous speech. Parsing speech, having to process a lattice of word hypotheses instead of a string of ...
P. Baggia; E. Gerbino; E. Giachin; C. Rullent
Karhunen-Loeve representation of stochastic ocean waves
A new stochastic representation of a seastate is developed based on the Karhunen�Loeve spectral decomposition of stochastic signals and the use of Slepian prolate spheroidal wave functions with a tunable bandwidth parameter. ...
Sclavounos, Paul D.
A computational approach to custom data representation for hardware accelerators
This thesis details the application of computational methods to the problem of determining custom data representations when building hardware accelerators for numerical computations. A majority of scientific applications which require hardware ...
Adam B. Kinsman
Adinkras: A Graphical Technology for Supersymmetric Representation Theory
We present a symbolic method for organizing the representation theory of one-dimensional superalgebras. This relies on special objects, which we have called adinkra symbols, which supply tangible geometric forms to the still-emerging mathematical basis underlying supersymmetry.
Michael Faux; S. J. Gates Jr
Containing the opposition : selective representation in Jordan and Turkey
How does elite manipulation of election mechanisms affect the representation of political regime opponents? While the spread of elections has reached all the continents, the number of actual democracies has not increased ...
Wakeman, Raffaela Lisette
Magic Wand Approach to Representation of Personal Technologies
This paper considers and analysis the idea of magic wand as approach to representation new technologies, their implementability, application and use in different object domain. Magic wand approach in its currently implementable form is suggested to be ...
Victor Malyshkin
Evaluating the DSM Potential for Industrial Electrotechnologies and Management Practices
In an effort to help balance load requirements and generating capacity, Houston Lighting & Power Company (HL&P) contracted with SRI International (SRI) to identify existing and emerging electrotechnologies and management practices (technologies) for possible inclusion in an industrial demand side management (DSM) program. This paper outlines the procedures used to evaluate technologies that may impact oil refining, pulp & paper production, and 26 major chemical processes of industrial customers within HL&P's service area. Each technology was reviewed with regard to its electricity requirements and applicability to various industries. In addition, each technology's basic principles, existing industrial applications, possible new applications, product or process limitations, and representative economics were investigated. Where applicable, concerns other than economic attractiveness such as environmental issues, worker safety, and product quality were identified. Additional information was also obtained from preliminary efforts to project the commercial penetration of each of these technologies. Factors affecting commercial penetration include the existing level of market penetration, fuel prices, electricity prices, capital investment requirements, perceived risk, and internal hurdles rates for investment. In order to fully determine which of these technologies should be included in an industrial DSM program, various HL&P industrial customers were interviewed with regard to their knowledge and/or acceptance levels of selected electrotechnologies and management practices. This enabled HL&P to better understand the specific needs of industrial customers within their service area. This survey data, along with the information provided by SRI and other sources, formed the basis for initial selection of technologies to include in an industrial DSM program. The value of encouraging HL&P's industrial customers to use any of these technologies will be compared to DSM programs for other customer classes, as well as more traditional generating resource options, before the final selection of electrotechnologies and management practices is made.
Harrell, P. J.; Pavone, A.
Industry and Neutron Science Industry and Neutron Science Industry and Neutron Science: Working To Make a Match "In fundamental research, we want to know everything. Industry wants to know enough to answer a question." Research Contact: Mike Crawford September 2011, Written by Deborah Counce Mike Crawford and Souleymane Diallo Mike Crawford of Dupont (right) and Souleymane Diallo, instrument scientist for the Backscattering Spectrometer at SNS, prepare a material sample for an experiment on the instrument. Industrial users are starting to eye the potential of neutron science for solving problems that can't be solved in any other way. At the same time, the SNS and HFIR neutron science facilities at ORNL are exploring ways to woo such users and to make a match of it, to the benefit of both.
Uranium industry annual 1996
The Uranium Industry Annual 1996 (UIA 1996) provides current statistical data on the US uranium industry`s activities relating to uranium raw materials and uranium marketing. The UIA 1996 is prepared for use by the Congress, Federal and State agencies, the uranium and nuclear electric utility industries, and the public. Data on uranium raw materials activities for 1987 through 1996 including exploration activities and expenditures, EIA-estimated reserves, mine production of uranium, production of uranium concentrate, and industry employment are presented in Chapter 1. Data on uranium marketing activities for 1994 through 2006, including purchases of uranium and enrichment services, enrichment feed deliveries, uranium fuel assemblies, filled and unfilled market requirements, uranium imports and exports, and uranium inventories are shown in Chapter 2. A feature article, The Role of Thorium in Nuclear Energy, is included. 24 figs., 56 tabs.
Uranium industry annual 1995
The Uranium Industry Annual 1995 (UIA 1995) provides current statistical data on the U.S. uranium industry`s activities relating to uranium raw materials and uranium marketing. The UIA 1995 is prepared for use by the Congress, Federal and State agencies, the uranium and nuclear electric utility industries, and the public. It contains data for the period 1986 through 2005 as collected on the Form EIA-858, ``Uranium Industry Annual Survey``. Data collected on the ``Uranium Industry Annual Survey`` provide a comprehensive statistical characterization of the industry`s plans and commitments for the near-term future. Where aggregate data are presented in the UIA 1995, care has been taken to protect the confidentiality of company-specific information while still conveying accurate and complete statistical data. Data on uranium raw materials activities for 1986 through 1995 including exploration activities and expenditures, EIA-estimated reserves, mine production of uranium, production of uranium concentrate, and industry employment are presented in Chapter 1. Data on uranium marketing activities for 1994 through 2005, including purchases of uranium and enrichment services, enrichment feed deliveries, uranium fuel assemblies, filled and unfilled market requirements, uranium imports and exports, and uranium inventories are shown in Chapter 2. The methodology used in the 1995 survey, including data edit and analysis, is described in Appendix A. The methodologies for estimation of resources and reserves are described in Appendix B. A list of respondents to the ``Uranium Industry Annual Survey`` is provided in Appendix C. For the reader`s convenience, metric versions of selected tables from Chapters 1 and 2 are presented in Appendix D along with the standard conversion factors used. A glossary of technical terms is at the end of the report. 14 figs., 56 tabs.
Enhanced representation and multi-task learning for image annotation
In this paper we propose a novel biased random sampling strategy for image representation in Bag-of-Words models. We evaluate its impact on the feature properties and the ranking quality for a set of semantic concepts and show that it improves performance ... Keywords: Bag-of-Words representation, Biased random sampling, Image classification, Image ranking, ImageCLEF, Multi task learning, Multiple kernel learning, Mutual information
Alexander Binder; Wojciech Samek; Klaus-Robert M�Ller; Motoaki Kawanabe
Reliance Industries Limited Solar Group | Open Energy Information
Reliance Industries Limited Solar Group Reliance Industries Limited Solar Group Jump to: navigation, search Name Reliance Industries Limited Solar Group Place Bangalore, Karnataka, India Zip 560076 Sector Solar Product String representation "Reliance solar, ... n solar energy." is too long. Coordinates 12.97092°, 77.60482° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":12.97092,"lon":77.60482,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Joint Center for Housing Studies Harvard University Refinance and the Accumulation of Home Equity Wealth
may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including � notice, is given to the source. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and not those of Freddie Mac, the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, or of any of the persons or organizations providing support to the Joint Center for Housing Spending financed by home equity extraction helps smooth household consumption and bolster the economy in economic downturns, but may reduce wealth accumulation. We use American Housing Survey (AHS) data to provide cross-sectional, longitudinal and cohort group analysis of the accumulation of home equity, the change in aggregate leverage, and the likelihood of mortgage refinance for the period of 1985 to 2001. We find that homeowners who are African-American or lower income tend to have less home equity and higher aggregate leverage than others, and they are less likely to take advantage of refinance during our sample period; over 30 years, the failure to refinance to a lower interest rate reduces aggregate wealth by $22 billion for each group. Further, the decision to refinance is a rational response to changes in market conditions, as the likelihood of refinance is positively tied to interest rate reduction and home value increase. 1
Frank E. Nothaft; Yan Chang; Frank E. Nothaft; Deputy Chief; Economist Freddie; Mac Yan Chang
Jun Wang Physicist, Industrial Program Coordinator Phone: 344-2661 Email: email@example.com Jun Wang is an Industrial Program Coordinator in the Photon Science Directorate at Brookhaven National Laboratory. She is working closely with industrial researchers as well as beamline staff to identify and explore new opportunities in industrial applications using synchrotron radiation. She has been leading the industrial research program including consultation, collaboration and outreach to the industrial user groups. Before joining BNL in 2008, Jun Wang was a Lead Scientist for a high-resolution high throughput powder diffraction program at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). As a Physicist at BNL, her research focuses on materials structure determination and evolution. Her expertise covers wide range x-ray techniques such as thin film x-ray diffraction and reflectivity, powder diffraction, small angle x-ray scattering, protein solution scattering and protein crystallography, as well as x-ray imaging. Currently she is the project leader of a multi-million dollar project on transmission x-ray microscopy recently funded by the U.S. DOE and the spokesperson for this new imaging beamline at the NSLS. She has also been collaborating with universities and industries for several projects on energy research at the NSLS.
Solar energy industry survey
This report describes the results of a survey of companies in the solar energy industry. The general objective of the survey was to provide information to help evaluate the effectiveness of technology transfer mechanisms for the development of the solar industry. The specific objectives of the survey included: (1) determination of the needs of the solar industry; (2) identification of special concerns of the solar industry; and (3) determination of the types of technology transfer mechanisms that would be most helpful to the solar industry in addressing these needs and concerns. The major focus was on technical problems and developments, but institutional and marketing considerations were also treated. The majority of the sample was devoted to the solar heating and cooling (SHAC) component of the industry. However, a small number of photovoltaic (PV), wind, and power generation system manufacturers were also surveyed. Part I discusses the methodology used in the selection, performance, and data reduction stages of the survey, comments on the nature of the responses, and describes the conclusions drawn from the survey. The latter include both general conclusions concerning the entire solar industry, and specific conclusions concerning component groups, such as manufacturers, architects, installers, or dealers. Part II consists of tabulated responses and non-attributed verbatim comments that summarize and illustrate the survey results.
Industrial Sector Energy Demand: Revisions for Non-Energy-Intensive Manufacturing (released in AEO2007)
For the industrial sector, EIAs analysis and projection efforts generally have focused on the energy-intensive industriesfood, bulk chemicals, refining, glass, cement, steel, and aluminumwhere energy cost averages 4.8 percent of annual operating cost. Detailed process flows and energy intensity indicators have been developed for narrowly defined industry groups in the energy-intensive manufacturing sector. The non-energy-intensive manufacturing industries, where energy cost averages 1.9 percent of annual operating cost, previously have received somewhat less attention, however. In AEO2006, energy demand projections were provided for two broadly aggregated industry groups in the non-energy-intensive manufacturing sector: metal-based durables and other non-energy-intensive. In the AEO2006 projections, the two groups accounted for more than 50 percent of the projected increase in industrial natural gas consumption from 2004 to 2030.
Industrial process surveillance system
A system and method for monitoring an industrial process and/or industrial data source. The system includes generating time varying data from industrial data sources, processing the data to obtain time correlation of the data, determining the range of data, determining learned states of normal operation and using these states to generate expected values, comparing the expected values to current actual values to identify a current state of the process closest to a learned, normal state; generating a set of modeled data, and processing the modeled data to identify a data pattern and generating an alarm upon detecting a deviation from normalcy.
Gross, Kenneth C. (Bolingbrook, IL); Wegerich, Stephan W. (Glendale Heights, IL); Singer, Ralph M. (Naperville, IL); Mott, Jack E. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Industrial Process Surveillance System
Gross, Kenneth C. (Bolingbrook, IL); Wegerich, Stephan W (Glendale Heights, IL); Singer, Ralph M. (Naperville, IL); Mott, Jack E. (Idaho Falls, ID)
A system and method are disclosed for monitoring an industrial process and/or industrial data source. The system includes generating time varying data from industrial data sources, processing the data to obtain time correlation of the data, determining the range of data, determining learned states of normal operation and using these states to generate expected values, comparing the expected values to current actual values to identify a current state of the process closest to a learned, normal state; generating a set of modeled data, and processing the modeled data to identify a data pattern and generating an alarm upon detecting a deviation from normalcy. 96 figs.
Gross, K.C.; Wegerich, S.W.; Singer, R.M.; Mott, J.E.
Fewer Steps to Higher Octane Gasoline in Petroleum Refining | U.S. DOE
Fewer Steps to Higher Octane Gasoline in Petroleum Refining Fewer Steps to Higher Octane Gasoline in Petroleum Refining Basic Energy Sciences (BES) BES Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BES Funding Opportunities Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (BESAC) News & Resources Contact Information Basic Energy Sciences U.S. Department of Energy SC-22/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3081 F: (301) 903-6594 E: firstname.lastname@example.com More Information » July 2013 Fewer Steps to Higher Octane Gasoline in Petroleum Refining A novel metal-organic framework (MOF) efficiently separates higher octane components from the low value ones, offering great potential for significant cost reduction in gasoline production. Print Text Size: A A A Subscribe FeedbackShare Page
,"Conventional Gasoline Sales to End Users, Total Refiner Sales Volumes"
Conventional Gasoline Sales to End Users, Total Refiner Sales Volumes" Conventional Gasoline Sales to End Users, Total Refiner Sales Volumes" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","Conventional Gasoline Sales to End Users, Total Refiner Sales Volumes",60,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1994" ,"Release Date:","12/2/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","1/2/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_cons_refmg_a_epm0u_vtr_mgalpd_m.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_refmg_a_epm0u_vtr_mgalpd_m.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration"
,"U.S. Reformulated Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes"
Reformulated Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes" Reformulated Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","U.S. Reformulated Gasoline Refiner Sales Volumes",6,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1994" ,"Release Date:","12/2/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","1/2/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_cons_refmg_c_nus_epm0r_mgalpd_m.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_refmg_c_nus_epm0r_mgalpd_m.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration" ,"For Help, Contact:","email@example.com"
DOE - Office of Legacy Management -- National Smelting and Refining Co - OH
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
Smelting and Refining Co - Smelting and Refining Co - OH 20 FUSRAP Considered Sites Site: NATIONAL SMELTING & REFINING CO. (OH.20) Eliminated from consideration under FUSRAP Designated Name: Not Designated Alternate Name: None Location: 6800 Grand Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio OH.20-1 Evaluation Year: 1993 OH.20-2 Site Operations: No indication of other test operations using very limited quantities of slag material. OH.20-1 Site Disposition: Eliminated - Potential for contamination considered remote based upon limited scope of activities at the site OH.20-2 Radioactive Materials Handled: Yes Primary Radioactive Materials Handled: Uranium - No Indication of Anything But Trace Amounts Handled OH.20-1 Radiological Survey(s): None Indicated Site Status: Eliminated from consideration under FUSRAP
,"No. 2 Distillate Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes"
Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes" Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","No. 2 Distillate Sales to End Users Refiner Sales Volumes",60,"Monthly","9/2013","1/15/1983" ,"Release Date:","12/2/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","1/2/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_cons_refoth_a_epd2_vtr_mgalpd_m.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_refoth_a_epd2_vtr_mgalpd_m.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration" ,"For Help, Contact:","email@example.com"
The Impact of Environmental Compliance Costs on U.S. Refining Profitability
The Impact of Environmental Compliance Costs on U.S. Refining Profitability October 1997 Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Markets and End Use U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization. Energy Information Administration/The Impact of Environmental Compliance Costs on U.S. Refining Profitability ii Contacts The Impact of Environmental Compliance Costs on U.S. Refining Profitability was prepared in the Office of Energy Markets and End Use of the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy under the general direction of W. Calvin
Overview of Eulerian Methods and Block Adaptive Mesh Refinement Techniques at Sandia
Crawford, D.A. et al. 1 Crawford, D.A. et al. 1 Overview of Eulerian Methods and Block Adaptive Mesh Refinement Techniques at Sandia D. A. Crawford* and D. M. Hensinger* * Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. Multi-material shock-physics Eulerian codes have undergone several generations of refinement in as many decades at Sandia. The widely used code, CTH, can trace its lineage to the one- and two-dimensional codes CHARTD and CSQ. An adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) strategy has been implemented in CTH, providing improved performance and memory utilization and evidence of improved scaling for large problems. The ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) code ALEGRA combines the multi- material shock physics capabilities found in CTH with a finite element