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Professional Grant Opportunities
2015-2016 Awards and Grants Program
Application deadline: December 15, 2014
Lung Cancer Discovery Letter of Intent: October 1, 2014
We invite qualified scientists in all areas of lung health including risk factor research to submit an application for the 2015-2016 grant cycle and join us in our mission to save lives by improving lung health and preventing all lung diseases. The goals of the Awards and Grants Program are to:
- foster laboratory, patient-centered and social-behavioral research designed to prevent and relieve the suffering associated with all lung diseases and corresponding risk factors
- fund researchers at important crossroads of their careers to gain long-term commitment to lung disease research
The American Lung Association recently launched its Lung Force Campaign, which will unite women to stand together against lung cancer and for lung health. Consistent with this campaign's direction and emphasis we are particularly interested in proposals related to early detection, treatment and cures for lung cancer.
Learn more about the Terms and Conditions governing our Awards and Grants Program.
Grant Offerings
Program Descriptions can be accessed by clicking on grant title. Guidelines to assist in preparing an application are available as a downloadable PDF.
**Please read both of these documents before starting an application. Applicants not in compliance with requirements may be administratively withdrawn**
I. Training Awards
- Lung Health Dissertation Grant (1 grant available): $21,000/yr.
Pre-doctoral support for nurses or students with an academic career focused on the various disciplines of social science. - Senior Research Training Fellowship (8-10 grants available): $32,500/yr.
Post-doctoral support for 1st and 2nd year PhD fellows and 3rd and 4th year MD fellows in the basic sciences.
II. Independent Investigator Awards
- American Lung Association / ARTrustTM Allergic Respiratory Disease Award (2 grants available): $75,000/yr.
Supports faculty members of allergy/immunology divisions of an academic institution undertaking a project related to allergic respiratory disease. - Biomedical Research Grant (10-12 grants available): $40,000/yr.
Provides seed monies for junior investigators researching the mechanisms of lung disease and general lung biology. - Clinical Patient Care Research Grant (1-2 grants available): $40,000/yr.
Provides seed monies for junior investigators working on traditional clinical studies examining methods of improving patient care and/or treatment for lung disease. - Dalsemer Research Grant (1 grant available): $40,000/yr.
Provide seed monies for junior investigators researching interstitial lung disease. - Lung Cancer Discovery Award (5 grants available): $100,000/yr.
Supports investigators, at any level of research experience, focused on the early detection and treatments for lung cancer. Letter of Intent is due October 1, 2014. - Social-Behavioral Research Grant (1-2 grants available): $40,000/yr.
Provides seed monies for junior investigators working on epidemiological, behavioral or economic studies examining risk factors affecting lung health
To encourage research on advancing the understanding of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, the American Lung Association (ALA) has teamed up with the Alpha-1 Foundation to offer the Alpha-1 Research Grant. The objective of the Research Grant is to support clinical, laboratory, epidemiological or any other kind of research projects aimed at developing novel medical treatments, advancing current treatment options or finding a cure for Alpha-1. The Alpha-1 Research Grant is for $40,000 per year. The period of performance for this award is July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2017. A letter of intent is not required for the Alpha-1 Research Grant. All applications must be submitted electronically through proposalCENTRAL by March 4, 2015. Eligibility requirements and application instructions are available through proposalCENTRAL.
At this time we are not requesting applications for our Asthma Clinical Research Centers


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This post isn't about Lena Dunham… really. So many others, including The Frisky's own Amelia, have written about Dunham, her book, and the passages about her sister that have led to claims of molestation. But, I'm writing this because of the conversation that's currently being had about Lena Dunham, so we can't not talk about her.
The basics: Lena Dunham wrote a memoir and included bits about her relationship with her younger sister, Grace. Like the time Lena was seven and peered in one-year-old Grace's vagina. Or the other time when Grace was older and Lena would give her sister candy in exchange for kisses. And then there was the story where Lena encountered masturbating in bed at 17, alongside her sleeping sister. Those bits got a few sites screaming "child molestation!" in Lena's direction and the entire Internet has since blown up on both sides of it. But is it so crystal clear or black and white? When it comes to kids, sex, and sexuality can't it be a whole bunch of fuzzy grey? Keep reading »

subset: commoncrawl


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No arrests or summonses were reported between Aug. 12-18.
SCARBOROUGH — On a chilly day late last March, author Don Snyder got a call from a phone number he did not recognize.»
(Ed. Note: The swimming and skiing state meets weren't complete in time for this edition.»
Your editorial ("Hear no Evil") reminds me that when we oversimplify an issue, we overlook common sense.»
FALMOUTH — Police used a sting operation to arrest a man facing several complaints for home-repair fraud.»
FALMOUTH — Some people are just dog people. Laura Jill Simmons, without doubt, is one of those people.»
Arrests 7/14 at 1:46 a.m.»
PORTLAND — While a City Council committee mulls a new plan for using public space in Congress Square, the plan's backers a»
BRUNSWICK — Faith Linscott, 98, of Harpswell and Brunswick, died Sept. 17.»


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Support the green sport! ! ! Welcome to my eBa y Shop. Please add me to your list of favourite sellers and come again. Thank you for your bu...read more
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Abdolvahabkhani Family Photos
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Nugget zone foils Yellowjackets 63-47
HAWLEY — The Hawley Nuggets' zone defense kept the Perham Yellowjackets at bay as the Nuggets improved to 4-6 overall 3-1 in the Heart O' Lakes Conference with a 63-47 victory in Minnesota boys basketball action Tuesday evening.
"It was big for us to get a win in the new year," Hawley junior forward Jordan Harms said. "We're trying to get a spark. Get some wins. Get some momentum for March."
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Mon, Dec 16, 13 at 22:07
We have six strands of icicle lights. They worked fine for a week, now they won't stay on. We have 3 strands on one extension cord and 3 on the other. They trip the GFI reset button. We are in snowy Chicago. Any suggestions??? |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by christine1950 (My Page) on Tue, Dec 17, 13 at 9:39
It might be the extension cord, I would use a surge suppressor strip, that should stop the tripping of your GFI. Maybe someone with more experience can give you better advice. Christine |
- Posted by patrice607 (My Page) on Wed, Dec 18, 13 at 23:11
We'll try that. Thanks! |
DH had to do away with our GFI plug in to keep all of our outdoor lights working. We also have ten expensive cluster light sets that always blows the fuses in them so I've never really used them. I was going to donate them but DH just direct wired them and they seem to work fine now. He reassured me they would trip the breaker if there was a problem. Punk |
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The Global Intelligence Files,
files released so far...
Index pages
by Date of Document
Our Partners
Al Akhbar - Lebanon
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Asia Sentinel - Hong Kong
Bivol - Bulgaria
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Malaysia Today - Malaysia
McClatchy - United States
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Rolling Stone - United States
Russian Reporter - Russia
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Taraf - Turkey
The Hindu - India
The Yes Men - Bhopal Activists
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Community resources
courage is contagious
The Global Intelligence Files
On Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.
PP - New Hampshire sets date for presidential primary
Released on 2012-10-15 17:00 GMT
Email-ID | 914206 |
Date | 2007-11-22 00:13:15 |
From | email@example.com |
To | firstname.lastname@example.com |
New Hampshire sets date for presidential primary
Wed Nov 21, 2007 4:45pm EST
CONCORD, New Hampshire (Reuters) - New Hampshire set January 8 as the date
for its primary vote in the U.S. presidential election, ending months of
speculation on Wednesday over the timing of one of the first contests in
the 2008 race.
Iowa's nominating contest on January 3 and New Hampshire's primary kick
off state-by-state battles in which voters have an early chance to choose
the nominee from each party who will face off on the November 4, 2008,
New Hampshire Secretary of State William Gardner, who threatened to hold
the primary as early as December, made the announcement at a news
conference in Concord, the state capital.
New Hampshire allows independents -- not just registered Republicans and
Democrats -- to vote in its primary and they can chose either a Republican
or a Democratic ballot.
New Hampshire has held the nation's first presidential primary since 1920.
It passed a law in 1977 requiring a seven-day window between its vote and
any "similar" contest to avoid diluting its influence in picking
Democratic and Republican presidential nominees.
Araceli Santos
Strategic Forecasting, Inc.


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Home » Equipment » Clubs » Womens » Iron Sets » Callaway Iron Sets » Women's X Hot N14 Iron Combo Set ( PID:29667 )
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Advice, Suggestions and General Help | New Topic | Printer Friendly Version |
Wow, I forgot about General Clinton...
Posted by: tjalmy on Mar-22-13 10:07 PM (EST)
on Memorial Day. Thanks, I may have to attend the festivities in Bainbridge.
Neptune Diner vs. Brooke's? That's going to be a hard call, but we may have to check it out, and get take out from Brookes to eat on the way back south.
Thanks so much,
Overstock Outlet Foods | Paddling PFDs | Bug Shelters | Kayak/Canoe Ergometer | Heel and Pegpads� |
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Tiger Woods Wife- "I'll Bust The Windows Out Your Car"
Monique- You was messed up for treating Precious like that (lol).
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- Chris Rock Hits Up Motown For TOP FIVE Premiere! [PHOTOS]
- 46th NAACP Image Award Nominees: Beyonce, Idris Elba & More Score Nods


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If you'd like to hear more about how this product worked (or didn't) for people with hair like yours, take advantage of our network of experts and customers by posting a question. Or, if you've used the product and want to post a tip or advice, go for it.
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Posted on January 20, 2012 – 3:47 pm | Author: tolentinotown Box Busters & Ripping Retail, Hockey | 2011-12 Black Diamond Hockey, Ice Premieres, Jaromir Jagr, Upper Deck | Comments (0)
Beckett Media's Bryan Hornbeck and Andrew Tolentino tear into a box of 2011-12 Black Diamond hockey cards. How many diamonds did they dig? Watch and find out.
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Biography of Washington E. Gregg, Hon.
Hon. Washington E. Gregg. The chief executive office of any community is a responsible one and the individual occupying it has resting upon his shoulders not only the numerous burdens connected with the management of a city, but also the accountability for its commercial and moral integrity. As he is, so is his community, for


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A Pattern-Packed Manhattan Living Room
What's hot today, September 26, 2013
By Elle Decor Staff
This living room of São Paulo-based designer Sig Bergamin's apartment is located in Manhattan's West Village. The ottoman, linen-covered chairs, and velvet armchair, which has a back upholstered in a Braquenié cotton, are by Bergamin. The photograph of Gisele Bündchen is by Michel Comte; the antique bone-inlaid screen was found in India.
Love it? Click on the bottom right corner of the photo to pin it yourself!


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Carrollton Bancorp Shareholders Approve Merger Agreement Between Carrollton Bancorp And Jefferson Bancorp, Inc. And Financial Services Partners Fund, LLC
Carrollton Bancorp (NASDAQ: CRRB) today announced at a special meeting of its shareholders held on August 23, 2012 (the "Special Meeting"), Carrollton Bancorp's shareholders approved the proposal to adopt the previously announced Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 8, 2012, as amended on May 7, 2012, by and among Carrollton Bancorp, Jefferson Bancorp, Inc. and Financial Services Partners Fund I, LLC (the "Merger Agreement"). The Merger Agreement provides for the merger of Jefferson Bancorp, Inc. with and into Carrollton Bancorp, with Carrollton Bancorp continuing as the surviving corporation, and remains subject to regulatory approval and customary closing conditions. Following the merger, the combined company will operate as a one-bank holding company under the name "Carrollton Bancorp."
Shareholders owning a total of 2,043,779.06 shares voted at the Special Meeting, representing approximately 79.24% of the shares of Carrollton Bancorp's common stock outstanding as of the record date for the Special Meeting. Ninety-eight percent (98%) of those voting approved the transaction. Robert A. Altieri, President and CEO of Carrollton Bancorp stated "This was a significant step for our shareholders, customers and employees and I am extremely thankful to all for having faith in Carrollton and supporting our efforts over many years."
Kevin Cashen, President and CEO of Jefferson Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned operating subsidiary, Bay Bank, FSB, stated "We believe the combination of Carrollton Bank and Bay Bank represents a powerful combination of resources to effectively serve the Maryland banking market. The strong capital base coupled with experienced human capital focusing on building customer relationships positions us to be a significant player in the markets that we serve. We are extremely excited about our opportunity to build the Bay Bank franchise, both organically and through acquisitions, and become the premier bank in Maryland."
In addition to the approval of this transaction, the holders of a majority of shares of Carrollton Bancorp's common stock also approved, on an advisory non-binding basis, the proposal regarding certain compensation arrangements for Carrollton Bancorp's named executive officers in connection with the merger.
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Prepare or Panic?
Hearing their terrified friend talk about what was about to happen was beginning to upset the other kids, so we decided to stop talking about the "what ifs" and start working on the things we could do to be prepared. Here's what a group of tweens and one "anti-survivor island" mom came up with:
1. Hearing about electrical outages makes kids think of one thing: THE DARK. So we gathered candles, lighters and flashlights in case the lights went out. We even got crafty and covered some plates with tin foil and filled them with tea lights. (that's as crafty as I get)
2. My little Alex is a very nervous kid and the one thing that calms him down is reading…so we charged the Kindle and had him pick out his favorite books and put them in his backpack ('cuz we won't be looking for ANYTHING in the dark, remember?)
3. Max apparently has a fear of starving to death if he doesn't eat every 2 hours…so we pulled out all the "no-need-to-heat" foods, then we walked to the local store and got some simple prep foods, bottled water and of course all the fixins for s'mores!
4. Speaking of s'mores…the boys gathered a pile of kindling and firewood and put it in a plastic tub so worst case scenario, we still have dry wood for a campfire!
5. We put blankets, jammies and sleeping bags and some board games in the living room in case we need to have a PJ party.
6. We charged up the cell phones (the thought of not being able to text is worse than being without food apparently.) and even found a phone that does NOT use electric! It just plugs in to the phone jack on the wall! WHAT?
7. Finally, we all took a walk around the yard and put anything we wouldn't want to blow away in doors or tied it down.
After we were done, we all took a deep breath and acknowledged that our preparation made us all feel a lot more secure and at ease.
It's not the perfect plan, I know. Maybe we did too little, maybe we did too much, but at least we did something. We had no idea what that storm had in store for us, but my mom always told me that in any unknown, "Prepare for the worst and hope for the best."
I like that strategy and I hope that is what I taught my kids…because when it comes down to teaching our children skills and strategies for life…"panic" just is not on my list.


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Loves the star on the mountain Join Date: Dec 1998
Location: West of the original Magic Kingdom
Posts: 25,809
** Local Amusement Parks **
Click on the following links for information on theme parks and shows located in the Southern California Area ...........
* AMUSEMENT PARKS * Knotts Berry Farm - Knotts Berry Farms is well known for its delicious chicken dinners, and you don't have to enter the park to eat at the restaurant. Universal Studios Hollywood & Universal Studios Citywalk Los Angeles Zoo at Griffith Park Water Parks Info on Soak City at Knotts Berry Farm (Buena Park), Hurricane Harbor at Magic Mountain (Valencia), Raging Waters (San Dimas), and Wild Rivers (Irvine) Six Flags Magic Mountain Pirate Dinner Show, Medieval Times Dinner Show, Wax Museum, etc - The Pirate Adventure is the newest dinner show in the area. Medieval Times is a good dinner show where you cheer on your knight as you eat on the very old traditional way. SeaWorld San Diego San Diego Zoo San Diego Zoo Wild Animal Park Legoland at Carlsbad, CA ** ºoº **
DISneyland Forums DL Podcast Clip of Matterhorn Ride WDW 1999 Sequoia & Yosemite 2002 Autumn in Yosemite 2002 Wonder Cruise 2003 (lots of pics) Never lose a chance of saying a kind word. |
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Terrorism 2014-02-28
Slow death of Derna
By Aya Elbrqawi in Benghazi for Magharebia – 28/02/2014
Derna residents live a life of fear. Al-Qaeda has transformed their eastern Libya port city into a new base for its global campaign and as the prime export centre for jihadists.
Known for its long history of fierce fighters and proud tribes, Derna has faced relentless violence. Now it will not have a say in national governance because it is too unsafe to vote.
The night before last week's constituent assembly elections, six polling stations were struck by bombs. The High National Election Committee (HNEC) had rescheduled the ballot for Wednesday (February 26th), but the Derna Local Council said elections could not be held since no one was securing the polling centres.
"The government has failed in everything in Derna," a source close to the council told the Libya Herald.
In just the last few days, the Derna port suffered a grenade attack and an armed group opened fire on security guards at the university.
The city of Derna endures bombings and assassinations amidst a suspicious silence from people who fear for their lives.
It has been four months since Ansar al-Sharia officially opened their Derna branch under the slogan, "A step toward building the Islamic state". The al-Qaeda-linked group also set up new accounts on Twitter and Google Plus to promote their outreach campaigns.
Sufian al-Quma, an al-Qaeda figure and former chauffeur for Osama Bin Laden, runs a large section of the city of 90,000.
"Derna is captive to al-Qaeda," 20-year-old Murad tells Magharebia. "Assassinations and bombings have also been occurring for a while in Derna, yet the media is silent and no one speaks about it."
As to the armed Islamists, "The group doesn't want any army; rather, they want to apply Sharia as if we weren't Muslims," local resident Feras Muftah says.
Another wanted terrorist, Ahmed Boukhtala, is also operating in the area, according to local resident Abdul Rahman Nasser.
Some suggest that Boukhtala could be behind the acts of terrorism in Derna, such as the killing of several civilians in recent days, because of ties with local extremists groups.
Boukhtala is accused of several crimes, including the 2011 murder of rebel military commander Abdul Fattah Younes and the attack on the US mission in Benghazi.
"Ansar al-Sharia and the Rafallah Sahati Brigade are there also, providing support and security for the perpetrators of assassinations. Since al-Quma and these militias are in Derna, no one objected," Nasser adds.
As if the terrorist takeover of the town were not bad enough, the city's young people are also prime fodder for jihadist recruitment, especially to fight in Syria.
"It is known that most of the youth of Derna who go to Syria join either Jabhat al-Nusra or Al-Qaeda in Iraq," teacher Basma Alsultani from Derna explains.
The two sides are "now waging a bloody war against each other in Syria", she continues. "This means that the young people of Libya who we think are heroes and mujahideen fighting to liberate Syria from Bashar are now killing each other."
"It is not enough for them to kill each other here in Libya, they are also killing each other there in Syria," she adds. "What is even worse than garlic is leek. Curses of God be on those who deceive gullible youth and tell them to fight in Syria, and then use them in terrorist wars where they are killing each other."
Retired Derna resident Khairi Mozainy is angry over what the extremists have done to his city.
"Dogs of hellfire, they used verses from the Qur'an revealed against the infidels and polytheists and turned them against Muslims," he tells Magharebia.
"I ask God Almighty to guide young people who do not know right. As for their leaders, like al-Quma, the stray one and those with him, the Kharijites who are misled and misleading people, I ask God almighty, Lord of the Great Throne, to precipitate their fall," the retiree adds.
Rajab Mohamed from Derna agrees, saying: "He who kills soldiers, police and security services and every patriot in Libya and charges the State with apostasy is a Kharijite."
"They will not spare believers and their only interest is corruption in the country and killing people treacherously and vengefully," he warns. "They look like angels while harbouring hatred, treachery, and betrayal, as if people in this country were not Muslims and not Sunnis from the Umma."
Daily life in Derna is a strange mix of normal activity and stunning violence. As local resident Fathi Meftah notes, "Business and transport are ok, but then assassinations and bombings are taking place randomly and without prior warning."
According to the Derna man, citizens have a good idea what or who is behind the terrorism.
"Frankly, despite what is said about al-Qaeda in Derna, for they never claimed anything officially, it's clear that it is the Islamist movement. There is a gap between what is said and reality," he notes.
As to identifying the perpetrators of the crimes, he says: "Things are recorded 'unknown' because no one is investigating, neither the state nor the population of Derna."
"I remain at a loss of what is happening in Benghazi and Derna," he adds. "What is happening is foreign to the region. People here are good Muslims with good habits. We know each other through kinship, companionship, neighbourhood, or work. It is strange indeed," he concludes.
Things are particularly hard for Derna women. Fatima Zahra, in her 30s, says: "Almost all women in Derna became widows, and all infants are orphans."
"Next, the women of the city will have to work hard to feed their hungry sons and pay for their studies. Meanwhile the National Congress and the government are in a coma about the situation in Derna," she says.
According to attorney Hatem Ahmed, the tragedy of Derna evolved in stages. "In the beginning, the assassinations were taking place in late night and early morning hours, and away from the crowds," he explains. "The targets were limited to active members of the internal security service."
"Next, the targets expanded to include all security and military elements who were active either in the former regime or after the revolution… civilian judges, activists, and dignitaries," Ahmed continues.
But very soon, " it will be killing at peak times inside houses and the targets will be all those who don't share their beliefs," he adds.
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ولد البيضاء
One thing I ask of Derna residents is to treat Ansar of lies in the same way they treat them, act like one man. There is only one death. God will support you if you rely on Him.
نورى عبدالقادر
God's curse on them to the Judgement Day! God will severely punish these Takfirists who wreaked corruption on earth! They should be fought. Anyone who dies in this cause will be rewarded with paradise God willing! There is no power but from God!
المسلم الحق
By God, the messenger of God brought the religion of Islam to this Umma so that it will be a moderate Umma, to free slaves, eliminate slavery, oppression and injustice. We believe before any of these Takfirists that the messenger of God, peace be upon him, was sent by God to this Umma with the five pillars of Islam. Any Muslim must perform his prayers fully and better in the mosque, fast Ramadan, go to pilgrimage for those who can, offer alimonies from their own money and perform all the affairs of his life so that he can receive the blessing of God. These affairs include obeying parents, respecting the older, young, old, women, neighbour, unknown and even foreigner, grant them security and safety until they reach their destinations, sanctifying the blood of the Muslim, his properties and honour, preserving the tongue and hand, avoid doing anything contrary to the recommendations of God in His Book including drinking wine, adultery, taking money illegally, theft and other acts in addition to the principles of the great human behaviour enshrined in the true religion. Moreover, our religion was introduced to our souls and wants to make them clear of illnesses which mar their purity such as hatred, spite and gossip. It also recommends cleanliness of our clothes, houses, streets and urges us to preserve this. It also orders us consultation in all this. This is a succinct and simple display of most of what the Muslim should do. Libyans do this as much as they can beginning with purity of the personality to obeying the orders of God and abiding by His bans. So do those who kill innocent Libyans today or even innocents consider in their lives all these orders or bans? Or is He forgiving for them and inflicts a severe punishment on us? This is the reality we live bitterly and painfully every day. We ask God this is all a trial from Him, help us forbear it with patience and relief. But to see our sons coming out from among us to accuse us of apostasy and kill us in such a hideous way which isn't accepted in any religion or by reason, this is too much and amputation is necessary!
O young people, I suggest that Derna gathers one day, bear arms and kill al-Ansar. If a fighting erupts, by God, Benghazi youth will come out with them because Benghazi is fed up with mean traitors Ansar of the demon who kill from the back. We are men and up to it God willing! The revolution didn't rise for these apostates!
Gamal Oamar
The article was sealed perfectly, the coming phase (now), "it will be killing at peak times and the targets will be all those who don't share their beliefs!"
رمضان الفرجاني نعم للسلف الصالح
The prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said "Blessed be those who fight them and be killed by them!" The prophet also described them as Kharijites and hell dogs. O Lord turn their plots against them!
درناوي صح
Derna has been under the grip of terrorism ever since the first days of liberation.
زهرة النردين
There is no power but from God the greatest!
God is sufficient for me and He is the best protector against oppressors! May God protect Derna, its people and Libya!
وسام رشيد
O Lord relieve Derna from the chains of these terrorists!
علي الغرياني
What happens in Derna isn't the act of Al Qaeda or Ansar al-sharia. In my opinion, killing and criminality aren't part of the sharia of God. It is rather the law of criminals who violate the sharia of God. What was said or is said is just to mar everything Islamic. The alliance opposing Islam isn't discouraged by anything to commit such crimes. In spite of this, some people might be affiliated with some groups, allege to be Muslims but commit such acts mentioned in the article in order to distort the image of movements believing in the true religion of Islam. The religion of the noble prophet Mohamed, peace and blessings of God be upon him, was never with such morals and acts which are closer to apostasy than the humanity doctrine without religion!
احمد الأوجلي
Your opinion isn't founded. Residents of Mecca know better its roads!
Hager Walid
Conference of the oppressors and disgraceful government!
زكي زين
Assassinations in Libya take lives of people every day. All the time of the day, morning and night, men, kids and women fall victim. The government and the congress know the perpetrator. The problem is that they say we know the perpetrator but can't confront him now.
I am an ordinary young man. I am not radical and I am not a wanton. But I would like to say a word of truth. The Libyan people, with my respects to some families who understand, the Libyan people are first of all ignorant. Secondly, they are deceived. Unfortunately, they are following the media. They repeat whatever they hear like parrots. This is the truth. Instead of trying to find the truth, whatever happens, they say it is Ansar al-Sharia. Unfortunately, they use names used by the West such as "rebel, terrorist, militia, extremist, radical". They didn't think about the main target of America regardless of whether the revolution succeeded or failed. This is the first point. Second point I want to address to the media, stop dissent and defending the West! The third and last point, I ask you by God the greatest to address one question to the government: what's the reasons behind the presence of foreign security companies in some Libyans cities and what are the duties carried out by these companies? If you want to know or want to ask the Libyan government, learn a little about the duties of these security companies in the country such as Black Water company? When you learn about the issue, then you can accuse any side you want instead of the nonsense circulated by the media, the current media led by the American-Jewish system. The whole idea or the summary is that the goal of the West about Arabs after Arab revolutions is to cancel, eliminate or fight the religion of Islam. This comes through the Arab media which is considered the first agent of the West...
No one objects to implementing the sharia. But how? This is the question. Will implementing sharia will be by bearing arms against Muslims? No, this is not the legitimate way. The legitimate way is to preach with wisdom, good preaching, be patient about results of preaching as results might be late. But the most important is to persevere in preaching, think good of the people, avoid arrogance and forbear their harm. In this way and with time, the good understanding of sharia will spread among people and thus sharia will be implemented.
ولد ليبيا
God is sufficient for me and He is the best disposer of affairs against you channels and papers of dissent! Fear God about the people and Muslims! These are Muslims who believe in God and don't believe in Taghout. Their first enemy is disbelievers and thus the aides of disbelievers including apostate Arab presidents and soldiers who sold their religion for money. These are apostate disbelievers. I swear by God Who is one, they are on the right way, they're not Kharijites as you say about them. This is the Sunna of Mohamed, peace and blessings of God be upon him. As for Kharjites, they accuse of apostasy those who drink wine, unveiled women and other things. As for these people, they consider the one who drinks wine as a disobeying Muslim, these women as disobeying Muslims who need advice and guidance from the stray path to the path of light. It is God Whose help is sought! Fear God about us and about Muslim youth! Fear God and return to Him! Stretch your hands to us and be slaves of God, don't be slaves of Taghout, to liberate Jerusalem!
مصطفى موسى
Responsibility in this lies with everyone. We have to be positive in order to eliminate extremism and unjustified violence by taking to the streets and condemning it. In addition, we should fight everything contrary to Including extremism and negligence. The cause for the spread of extremist is the growth of the secular ideology. Whenever apostasy and ideas contrary to Islam spread, the Takfir movement and armed confrontation also increase. So we must all stop as one hand against disbelief, apostasy, negligence and extremism.


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I'm writing this the following day. A few hours ago, President Bush stepped out into the Rose Garden to read a short statement congratulating Obama on his historic victory. It was, dare I say it, a brave and lovely performance. Looking older than I had ever seen him before, Bush stood behind the podium and said: "It will be a stirring sight to watch President Obama, his wife, Michelle, and their beautiful girls step through the doors of the White House. I know millions of Americans will be overcome with pride at this inspiring moment that so many have awaited so long. I know Senator Obama's beloved mother and grandparents would have been thrilled to watch the child they raised ascend the steps of the Capitol—and take his oath to uphold the Constitution of the greatest nation on the face of the earth…Laura and I are looking forward to welcoming them as soon as possible."
Then Bush said, "Thank you very much," and turned and quietly walked back into the house that's been his for the past eight years. He would be on his way soon, and like most others, I would be glad to see him and his hard presidency go—though as much for his sake as for ours.
robert draper is a GQ correspondent.


text:
I am looking for some feedback regarding Apfelwein. I would prefer to use Martinelli's apple juice, but I couldn't find it in an economical size. The second best thing I could find is Mott's, but I have a question first. The recipe says to make sure the apple juice doesn't have any "additives". The ingredients list on the Mott's says "water, applejuice, and apple juice from concentrate". Is that going to work? The Martinell's ingredients list includes just "apple juice", and Martinelli's is definitely the best apple juice I've ever used (I use it in bbq contests all the time). Am I being paranoid, or would I be better off looking for another brand of apple juice?
ive used motts before and it works great. I used 8 gallons of Mott's and 4 cans of walmart frozen concentrate. I used Cuvee yeast with nutrients and energizer. It was finished fermenting in only 5 days, wow. As far as tast, its only been a week and taste great (its very dry though)
Everything you ever wanted to know about apfelwein (and probably a ton you didn't want to know) can be found here http://www.homebrewtalk.com/showthread.php?t=14860
I think by additives it means like preservatives and stuff like that. I'm using tree top from concentrate as well and starting my first batch tomorrow and I'm not worried about it.
Thanks for the reassurances. I figured I was overthinking it. I'll use the Mott's and move on. I appreciate the feedback.


text:
HOUSTON -- The Rangers had a chance to close the gap on the Astros, but couldn't hold onto a lead in the late innings on Friday night as Houston rallied for a 4-3 victory at Minute Maid Park in the opener of a three-game series.
Neal Cotts gave up a one-out, two-run home run to Robbie Grossman in the bottom of the eighth as the Astros took the lead for the first time. Grossman's fifth home run, and third hit of the game, scored Jon Singleton, who led off the inning with a single. Cotts also allowed a run-scoring double by Gregorio Petit to give the Astros a 4-2 lead.
Texas led early on a two-run, first-inning home run from J.P. Arencibia. The Rangers were trying to get to within a half game of the Astros for fourth place in the division.
The Rangers wasted little time in taking a 2-0 lead in the first inning. Arencibia's eighth home run, a deep ball to left field off left-hander Brett Oberholtzer, scored Shin-Soo Choo, who led off the game with a single.
Activated from the 15-day disabled list prior to Friday's game, catcher Geovany Soto was hitless in his first three at-bats.
Texas starter Miles Mikolas, who was working on an extended five days' rest, was hitting 96 mph, and consistently hitting mid 90s with his four-seam fastball.
In five innings, the right-hander allowed only one run -- a Chris Carter homer in the fifth -- and four hits with four strikeouts and three walks. He retired Jose Altuve, who entered the game tied for the American League lead in batting at .335, all three times he faced Houston's second baseman. Altuve left the game after five innings with discomfort in his neck.
Mikolas was sailing along with a two-run cushion until Carter hit his club-leading 25th home run with two outs in the fifth. Carter struck out in his first two at-bats against Mikolas, who threw 64 strikes out of 105 pitches.
After Carter's home run, the Astros had a mild threat. Marc Krauss followed with a double toward the right-field line that dropped in. It appeared second baseman Roughned Odor was running out to make the play, but at the last moment shied away from the ball, which dropped between Odor and right fielder Choo.
The Rangers avoided further trouble when Singleton popped out to third baseman Adrian Beltre to end the inning.
Mikolas got out of a bases-loaded jam in the second inning, getting Altuve to fly out to center fielderLeonys Martin for the third out, preserving Texas' 2-0 lead. The Astros loaded the bases after a replay challenge confirmed that Marwin Gonzalez's jersey had been hit by an inside pitch from Mikolas.
In the fourth, Mikolas struck out Gonzalez swinging for the third out with runners at first and second.
Shawn Tolleson, who relieved Mikolas for the sixth inning, got out of a jam in the inning after retiring three straight batters after allowing singles to Matt Dominguez and Grossman.
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text:
Cute and Easy to Spot Carry On Bag. I raally like the bright colors. I have a vision problem, and when I recently went to board the plane to Florida, I had to put my carry on in the shelf above my seat. There were a lot of bags in it that looked similar. My bag however was easy to pull out and spot because of the bright polka dots on it. It was very affordable. Even someone who has a low-income could afford these carry on bags.
A Great Deal. I travel on business three nights a week, this bag draws attention from everyone that sees it, and they all wants to know where did I purchase it from. The bag is large and it holds my computer, printer and much more with no problem. It would be nice if the bag offer more interior pockets for storage. I am very happy with my purchase!
Perfect fit. As a professional family entertainer, I use this bag to transport my face painting kit to parties and events. It is the perfect fit, handy side pockets, and very durable. My first bag survived about 4 years of hard wear and tear before needing replaced; not because it wasn't still doing the job, it just didn't look sharp anymore.
i would buy this product again. Lots of storage, good hanging mechanism. Only negative is that it is a little heavy before even adding items.
Hit the road to anywhere -- with everything! These travel bags show robust details, refined craftsmanship and more than a few convenient pockets. A duffle bag is a great option to the gym and a hundred other places. Plus, we offer garment bags and leather knapsacks for supreme portability. If you're into sports, check out our durable & stylish locker bags. Chic travel cases come in wheeled & upright styles for airport-friendly access. Just going on a 2-3 day trip? Then a weekender makes sense.


text:
Ladies and gentlemen, let me be very honest with you here. Every day I pick up my laptop and try to bring to you the most exclusive transfer news we can find on the internet and you reply to us with hate? We don't produce them, we just report them.
Also, for the third time this week, I'll be reporting that Arsenal are in for three more players according to The Telegraph. The transfer mill new list includes KontasManolas, William Carvalho and Luis Gustavo.
As per yesterday, Olympiacos' KontasManolas has already completed his medical at Arsenal as he is all set to join the club as Thomas Vermaelen. The 23-year-old has apparently attracted interest from not only Arsenal but Roma and Juventus as well. Olympiacos' strategic adviser Christian Karembeu revealed that Juventus had submitted a bid for the player while an English club was interested in the player as well.
William Carvalho has been linked to Arsenal all summer. Portuguese newspaper O Jogo claim that the defensive midfielder has a £34 a million release clause and that Arsenal are holding talks with the player. An Arsenal scout was also seen in the stands scouting the 22-year-old.
`Luis Gustavo has been linked to Arsenal since last summer. He ditched the Gunners to join Wolfsburg and the Brazilian is linked based on the fact that Wolfsburg got JosuhaGuilavogui from Atletico Madrid on loan.


text:
On Sat, 2013-04-06 at 03:03 +0200, Peder Hedlund wrote:
I know, that's a misunderstanding, perhaps to my broken English. But
there are two channels for stereo and for both channels the data will be
reduced (I avoid to use the word "compressed" in this context). It's
psycho-acoustic data reduction, so how can be ensured that the
psycho-acoustic effect can keep the balance between the two channels,
regarding to the recorded room?
> It's exploiting the psychoacoustical fact that the sensitivity of our
The sound of an instrument will be the same as before, but the
impression of it's position in the room might change.
> There is an extension to MP3 called MP3 surround which is able to
Dimensions are dimensions, also for sound, but a common mistake is that
people already call 2D sound 3D sound.
Linux-audio-user mailing list
LINUX® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the USA and other countries.
Linuxaudio.org logo copyright Thorsten Wilms © 2006.
Hosting provided by the Virginia Tech Department of Music and DISIS.


text:
the room was average and not that appealing. The price was a good deal. Stayed there on the outbound and on the return at the close by Hilton which is MUCH nicer.
Airport bus is only every 1/2 hr. (free).
Room faced the runway and was very noisy.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
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text:
He'll be the new backup quarterback
IRVING, Texas (AP) - Jon Kitna will be the starting quarterback
for the Dallas Cowboys in their finale Sunday if his strained
abdominal muscle heals enough.
It probably won't, though, so second-year reserve Stephen McGee
is likely to make his first career start.
Coach Jason Garrett said Monday the Cowboys still believed Kitna
gave them their best chance to beat Philadelphia. He's gone 4-5
since replacing Tony Romo.
McGee made his NFL debut Saturday night after Kitna strained an
abdominal muscle while throwing a touchdown pass during the second
quarter against Arizona. McGee rallied the Cowboys from an 11-point
deficit to a late lead, only to see Dallas lose in the final
Dallas added another quarterback Monday, signing Chris Griesen.
He most recently played in the UFL and previously played for the
Arena League team that was owned by the Cowboys.
(Copyright 2010 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


text:
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Gel Eyeliner brushes on smooth and stays moist long enough to perfect a look that is smugeproof and waterproof, featuring highly concentrated pigment that creates smooth lines and is safe for sensitive eyes.


text:
Chicago, IL (Sports Network) - Randy Wells earned his first victory in more than three months, while Geovany Soto homered and drove in two runs, as Chicago downed Houston, 5-1, in the middle test of a three-game series from Wrigley Field.
Wells (2-3) allowed five hits and one run, fanning four and walking two over six innings en route to his first positive decision since an April 4 win over Arizona.
"I thought he started to get the ball up a bit later in the outing, but it's understandable," said Cubs manager Mike Quade. "He made a lot of pitches, but I made the decision for a lot of reasons. If we get him through six, with a chance to win, with the bullpen throwing as good as they did, it seemed the right thing to do. If he can build on that, that's fantastic."
Marlon Byrd also hit a solo shot and Starlin Castro knocked in a run for the Cubs, who have taken the first two in the set after dropping six of their previous eight.
Carlos Lee finished 3-for-4 and drove in the lone run for the Astros, who have dropped four of six.
Wandy Rodriguez (6-7) took the loss despite yielding only two runs on three hits with seven strikeouts in seven full frames.
Chicago helped Wells' cause in the eighth inning, picking up three valuable insurance runs. Sergio Escalona allowed a one-out triple to Kosuke Fukudome, then Fernando Rodriquez walked Reed Johnson before Castro's single to deep third made it 3-1.
Pinch-hitter Carlos Pena drew a two-out walk to load the bases and Soto followed with another infield hit to third which brought in Johnson. Houston's Chris Johnson made a diving stop on the play, but his errant throw to first also allowed Castro to come in for a 5-1 game.
Carlos Marmol struggled once again in the ninth. He put the first two men on base via a hit and hit-by-pitch, but managed to retire the next three batters to lock down the win.
Byrd cleared the wall in left-center with two down in the second, then Chicago went up 2-0 in the fifth as Soto led off with a blast to left.
Lee knocked in Angel Sanchez with a sixth-inning single to halve Houston's deficit, but the Astros failed to make any headway in the top of the eighth despite two on and two out after pinch-hitter Matt Downs fanned swinging.
"We had to get the first guy on more," said Astros manager Brad Mills. "I know Carlos had three hits. He swung the bat pretty good and had our one RBI. (Michael) Bourn started off the game with a single. Any time you get the leadoff guy on you have to build on it, and we didn't."
CB Bucknor
Dan Iassogna
Dale Scott
Jerry Meals


text:
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Make sure to make it a combo and try one of our ice cold local craft beers to help wash down the best burger and fries in this small town.
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Sunday: Closed
Holidays: Closed Christmas, July 4th Week, Memorial day, Labor day, Thanksgiving & New Years Day
Call us at:
Copyright © Busy Bee Cafe All right reserved
Site last revised 01-18-2015


text:
Page 1 of 4
NAGPUR: Gandhi Sagar ward, represented in the last term by former mayor Archana Dehankar, is facing problem of contaminated water supply for the last one week. The scarcity of water is not new for this ward but it was resolved temporarily when Dehankar took the helm at Nagpur Municipal Corporation about three years ago.
"Since last one week, once again water related problem has come back to haunt us," said present corporator Harshala Sable. The areas getting contaminated water include Sindhi Khana (in Ganeshpeth), ESI hospital periphery, Vidarbha Bazaar and Ganesh Dwar.
Sable claimed that in the past too the residents of this ward were facing water crisis. However, the situation changed when Dehankar became the mayor. It shows water works department officials go out of their way to follow directions of office bearers while ignoring others. "They ensure adequate water supply on a phone call, without any complaints or protests," she alleged.
Residents of the ward also slammed the water works department for their double standards. "Yellowish water with the bad smell continues to be supplied to many residents. Officials who visited the area suggested the residents use the water after boiling," said a miffed Rajesh Jambhle, a resident of Sindhi Khana in Ganeshpeth. Though Sable has arranged services of a tanker for drinking water, "it is difficult to depend on it," added Narendra Uchake, a resident of Vidarbha Bazaar.
"Contamination cases have been reported on a daily basis and the civic body should immediately look into the matter as it can lead to an epidemic," said Sable.
Admitting that many areas in Gandhi Sagar ward have been experiencing severe contamination problems in recent times, Dhantoli zonal in-charge of WWD M M Waghmare said that a preliminary study had shown that there was leakage in sewage pipeline. He said pipelines and sewage drains in this part of the city wee very old and there was a possibility of sewage water entering water pipelines through leaks. "We have already taken up repair work," he added. Waghmare appealed to the residents to use water with precautions.
Stay updated on the go with Times of India News App. Click here to download it for your device.
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text:
Ellie Goulding Pauses Performance to Break Up Crowd Fight
Ellie Goulding is one tough Brit.
Ellie Goulding is one tough Brit.
Ellie Goulding and Zedd took the stage tonight at the 2014 MTV Movie Awards to perform two songs off of the 'Divergent' soundtrack: Goulding sang a stripped-down rendition of her tune 'Beating Heart,' which transitioned seamlessly into the more upbeat Zedd song 'Find You.'
Finally! 'Divergent' finally lands in multiplexes today (March 21). In this behind-the-scenes footage related to the soundtrack and the score, we learn how integral British singer Ellie Goulding, whose fingerprints are all over the music in the film, was to the process. She also helped to create heroine Tris' inner voice.
For the last night of her 11-month-long Red tour, Taylor Swift asked good friend Ellie Goulding to join her onstage.
Ellie Goulding and her pals glow in the British singer's 'Goodness Gracious' video. Literally.
Check out the 40 songs in KISS' rotation for the month of January!
If you're like us, you're wishing you were in Gulf Shores, Ala. on a sandy beach listening to quality tunes at the 2013 Hangout Festival.
In our case, we can't be in two places at the same time (drats!), but we can catch all the action at this year's Hangout festivities via livestream! Yes. Please.
This is the song I was telling you about at the end of the show.


text:
Channel 6 News - Search Results
WATERFORD -- Police say a Troy woman has been charged in a joint investigation into the possible sexual abuse of a 15-year-old.
Ashley McGivern, 21, was charged with sexual misconduct, forcible touching and endangering the welfare of a child. Authorities say the charges stem from an incident in the Village of Waterford sometime in June last year. They say McGivern engaged in sexual conduct with a 15-year-old while in a vehicle pared on 2nd Street.
McGivern was remanded to the Saratoga County Jail in lieu of $1,000 bail or $3,000 bond.


text:
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You're one step closer to paradise...
Come here to watch the surf pound the jagged black rocks at the base of the stunning point. This is not a safe place for swimming, however. Still vivid in the minds of longtime area residents is the 1946 tragedy in which 21 schoolchildren and three teachers were swept to sea by a tidal wave. COST: Free. OPEN: Daily 7am--10 pm.
Find inspiration for your journeys to Outrigger's exotic locations. Read our travel blog.


text:
Only 6% of companies suffering from catastrophic data loss survive, while 43% never reopen and 51%
close within two years.
Companies lose an average of £50,000 for every hour of downtime.
Man‐made disasters affect 10% of small businesses
Natural disasters have impacted more than 30% of all small businesses.
About 70% of all successful attacks on computer networks were carried out by employees.
Gartner 2011
Do you know how to protect your company?
You might consider creating a survey within your organisation to gauge the current level of awareness of what happens in a disaster scenario. Questions should be relevant to your business and include:
• What to do in case of comms outage?
• What do we do if the business facility is unavailable?
• What is our Business Continuity Plan? Do we have one?
• What action do we take in case of emergency?
This will help you to determine what gaps exist in your Business Continuity Planning / Disaster Recovery programme.
Now you are ready to begin creating a strategy.
• Decide who will coordinate Business Continuity within your organisation. Give them authority but make sure all staff understand their corporate responsibility and encourage continuity planning to become part of the company culture.
• Document basic organisational information that includes supplier and customer details as well as your emergency response procedures.
• Record employee information including how an event may affect certain personnel.
• Consider what to do before/during/
• Compile information on external entities such as local emergency services
Now you are ready to prepare your formal Business Continuity Plan. There are tools to help you do this such as the DSM guideline here.
All the documentation you create should be kept in a safe place to which all relevant people in the organisation have access. In order to keep the materials up-to-date, you should define responsibilities and an audit programme so the materials are reviewed and updated on a regular basis.
Try and get everyone involved by sharing information through notice boards, Intranets or even by holding a competition to enhance awareness in your organisation. Facility tours and demonstrations give employees a sense of involvement and you are more likely to get their cooperation.
Finally, carry out regular testing to ensure everybody is aware of what they should do in the event of any interruption to business as normal.
If you are just beginning, the information in this article should prove helpful in getting you started. And if your organisation has a mature Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery Plan in place, you might want to take the opportunity review and test your current procedure.
For more advice on how to protect your business in case of a disaster call Amanda on 01480 446142 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
# # #
DSM's Business Continuity Centre is the largest facility of its kind within the UK. Discreetly located on a five acre site the recovery facility provides complete Disaster Recovery solutions for corporate clients.


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Kamo (Bolshevik)
Semeno Arshakovitch Ter-Petrossian (Kamo) | |
Simon Ter-Petrossian, also known as Kamo, in 1922
Born | Semeno Aržakovitš Ter-Petrossian May 27, 1882 Gori, Georgia |
Died | July 14, 1922 Tiflis |
(aged 40)
Cause of death
Car accident |
Monuments | Monument in Puskin Gardens later removed by Joseph Stalin |
Nationality | Russian |
Other names | Kamo |
Ethnicity | Armenian |
Known for | 1907 Tiflis bank robbery |
Religion | none |
Kamo, real name Semeno Arshakovitch Ter-Petrossian (27 May 1882[a] – 14 July 1922), was an Armenian Bolshevik revolutionary from Georgia, and an early companion to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. From 1903–1912, Kamo, a master of disguise, carried out a number of militant operations on behalf of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, mostly in Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire. He is best known for his central role in the 1907 Tiflis bank robbery, organised by Bolshevik leaders to raise funds for their party activities. For his militant activities he was arrested in Berlin in 1907 but simulated insanity both in German and later Russian prisons, eventually escaping from prison and fleeing the country. He was recaptured in 1912 after another attempted armed robbery and sentenced to death. The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment as part of the celebrations of the Romanov dynasty tricentennial.
Kamo was released after the February 1917 Russian Revolution. He died in 1922 after being hit by a truck while riding a bicycle in Tiflis.[1] Kamo was buried and had a monument erected in his honor in Pushkin Gardens, near Yerevan Square, but this monument was later removed during Stalin's rule and his remains moved to another location.
Early life (1882-1902)[edit]
Semeno Aržakovitš Ter-Petrossian, later named Kamo, was born on 27 July 1882, in Gori, Georgia.[2] His parents were Armenian, and his father was a wealthy contractor.[2]
As a child, Semeno liked to get into fights with his peers and would come home beaten.[2] When he was seven, his parents gave Semeno a personal tutor who taught him how to read and write Russian.[2] Semeno's grandfather, a priest, wanted to send Semeno to the Tiflis Theological Seminary, but Semeno's mother felt he was too young to go away to school.[2] As a result, Semeno stayed at home and was enrolled in 1895 in a local Armenian school, where he remained three years, until he was expelled.[2] Semeno later recounted his experiences in the local school:
During the three years I spent at school, I not only failed to learn a single thing, but what's more, I forgot what I had learned previously. I forgot entirely how to speak Russian and I was a terrible student. In my spare time, I would go fishing or steal fruit. On a few occasions I was almost caught. But when I reached high school, I grew fond of geography and history. I loved to read about wars and heroes. I was deeply religious and sang in the church choir.[2]
After being expelled, Semeno was sent off to Tiflis to enter the Theological Seminary as his grandfather had advocated.[2] In Tiflis, Semeno met Joseph Stalin[b], who at the time was named Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili.[2] His mother was a friend of Kamo's father. Stalin was a day student at the seminary and helped Semeno prepare to enter the Seminary.[2] In 1901, Kamo was expelled from the seminary and rejoined Stalin who tried to teach him Russian and Marxism but gave up in despair. He had wanted to be an army officer but his father had just gone bankrupt, losing all control over his son.[3]
One day while Stalin was tutoring Semeno, a friend named Slushi entered the room and began to tell an anecdote.[2] Semeno tried to ask for information about who the story was about so he tried to ask his friend "Whom, Slushi, Whom?", which would have been "Komu, Slushi, komu?" in Russian, but Semeno instead said "Kamo, Slushi, Kamo?"[2] This error entertained his friends so much that afterwards he was nicknamed Kamo, a name which stuck with him for the rest of his life.[2]
Becoming a revolutionary[edit]
In 1902, Kamo joined a secret Social Democratic organization in Tiflis.[4] He was given the tasks of distributing leaflets, organizing meetings, gathering outlawed publications, and moving illegal printing presses.[5] After the Batumi uprising, Kamo was imprisoned along with Stalin.
In February 1903, the organization asked Kamo along with other revolutionaries to hand out leaflets at a local theatre. Though Kamo's colleagues did not show up to hand out leaflets, Kamo proceeded to the theater by himself and hurled 500 leaflets out of the balcony of the darkened theater before the curtain went up. He then left the theatre before the police arrived. Kamo then watched from across the street as the police proceeded to search everyone exiting the theatre and arrest suspects. Because of his daring during this episode, the revolutionary organization entrusted Kamo with more dangerous tasks.[5]
In December 1903, a gendarme stopped Kamo, searched his bag, and found outlawed revolutionary literature. Kamo was arrested and imprisoned. For his first four months in prison, Kamo was put in solitary confinement, and then moved to the general prison population. After being moved, Kamo caught malaria and as part of his therapy, was allowed to walk in the prison yard during the morning. One day while walking through the prison yard, he noticed that his guard was not looking and scaled the nearby prison wall. After escaping from the prison, Kamo quickly hailed a passing carriage and was able to meet up with fellow revolutionaries.[5] Kamo described this experience later:
I shall never forget the sensation of freedom which I experienced after scaling that wall. The sun shone, the waves sparkled, I had freedom at last. I wanted to run. Never did I experience such joy.[6]
During the 1905 revolution he never wrote anything. Instead he trained new revolutionaries. He claimed the best places to hide from the Okhrana were brothels. He had affairs with his landlady, a Jewish nurse and other women just to get money to survive. He became friends with the Georgian Bolshevik Ordzhonikidze, begging him to "become my assistant."[7] In late 1905 he fatally shot an Armenian three times for stealing money he was meant to guard.[8]
After the 1905 Russian Revolution, the Russian government demanded that all radical groups disarm. The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ("RSDLP") were split between more moderate Mensheviks who favored disarming, and the hard line Bolsheviks, who kept their weapons. State security forces then moved to confiscate Bolshevik arms and suppress the group. Kamo led the defense of the Bolshevik stronghold in Tiflis against the police and army, commanded by General Fyodor Griiazonov. On January 18/31 1906, state forces crushed the rebels in the Tiflis workers' district. Kamo was almost killed in the firefight, and was captured.[9] He was tortured by the Cossacks who nearly cut off his nose, but he said nothing. Stalin said: "He could bear any pain, an astonishing person."[10] Kamo soon escaped from prison a second time by "exchanging identity papers with an ignorant peasant." After his escape, Kamo went to the bomb factory of Leonid Krasin, a fellow Bolshevik revolutionary.[9] On July 15/28 he was present at Stalin's wedding reception.
To fund revolutionary activities, Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin endorsed the use of "expropriations", a euphemism for armed robbery of state banks.[9] Lenin instructed Stalin to create a group of expropriators that would not be directly affiliated with the Bolsheviks. He told Stalin "put at the head of the group an individual who would die rather than reveal the plan should he be arrested." Stalin appointed Kamo.[11]
Kamo's group consisted of approximately 10 people. For his band of "expropriators", Kamo recruited young Georgian women who used their looks to gain information about transfer of State Bank funds.[11]
In the fall of 1906, Maxim Litvinov was sent to the Caucasus by Krasin to work with Kamo to gain more funds for the revolutionary cause.[11] Litvinov and Kamo worked to obtain ammunition in Varna, Bulgaria that was to be smuggled into the Caucasus. The ammunition was loaded onto a small yacht called Zara. Kamo was to sail the boat back to Russia with five other sailors. Kamo acted as the ship's cook. Kamo rigged a bomb to destroy the Zara, with the detonator in his cabin, to ensure the Zara would never be captured by Russian police.
Zara ran into a storm as she was leaving Varna. Water leaked into the hull and flooded the engines. With Zara disabled, Kamo tried to detonate the bomb, but it did not explode. Instead, the Zara was stranded, without means of calling for help. After twenty hours, with the crew half-frozen and half-dead, they were found by a fishing boat. Soon after they got off, the Zara capsized. The crew all made it back to Russia separately, though most of them were arrested (but not Kamo).[12]
1907 Tiflis bank robbery[edit]
In April 1907, high ranking Bolsheviks decided that Stalin and Kamo should organize a robbery in Tiflis to obtain funds to purchase arms.[13] Through his connections, Stalin managed to discover from an old friend that there was going to be a large shipment of money by horse-drawn carriage to the Tiflis Bank on 26 June 1907.[14][15]
In preparation for the robbery, Kamo's gang smuggled bombs into Tiflis by hiding them inside a sofa.[16] Only weeks before the robbery, Kamo accidentally set off one of Krasin's bombs while trying to set the fuse.[17] The blast from the bomb severely injured Kamo's eye, leaving a permanent scar.[18][19][11] Kamo was confined to his bed for a month due to intense pain, and had not fully recovered by the time of the robbery.[18][19][11]
On the day of the robbery, the robbers all took their places in Yerevan Square dressed as peasants and waited on street corners with revolvers and grenades.[18] In contrast to the other robbers, Kamo was disguised as a cavalry captain and came to the square in a horse–drawn phaeton, a type of open carriage.[18][20]
The bank's stagecoach made its way through the crowded square at about 10:30 am. When the stagecoach was close enough, one of the robbers gave a signal to attack.[21][16][20][22][23] Once the signal was given, robbers pulled the fuses on their grenades and threw them at the carriage.[16][24] The resulting explosions killed horses and guards.[16] The robbers then began shooting at the various security men guarding the stagecoach, as well as those securing the square.[16]
Though the explosions had killed many of the guards and horses, one of the horses harnessed to the stagecoach was injured but still alive.[20][25] The bleeding animal bolted from the scene pulling the stagecoach with it.[20][25] Two of the robbers and Kamo chased after the runaway money-laden stagecoach.[14] One of the robbers threw another grenade at the escaping stagecoach killing the horse and stopping the stagecoach.[14] After the stagecoach was stopped, Kamo raced to the stopped carriage in his phaeton, firing his pistol as he drove.[20][26] Once he got to the stagecoach, other robbers who had reached the coach helped throw the money into Kamo's carriage.[26]
After securing the money, Kamo quickly rode out of the square and encountered a police carriage ridden by the deputy police chief.[26] Instead of turning away, Kamo pretended to be part of the security forces and shouted to the deputy that "the money's safe. Run to the square."[26] The deputy obeyed the apparent captain of cavalry, and it was only much later that he realized that he had been fooled by an escaping robber.[26]
Kamo then rode to the gang's headquarters where he changed out of his uniform.[26] All of the robbers quickly scattered, and none were caught in the act by the authorities[20][23]
Fifty people lay wounded in the square along with the dead humans and horses.[20][22][27] The authorities stated that only three people had died, but documents in the Okhrana archives reveal that the true number was around forty.[27]
The State Bank was not sure how much it actually lost from the robbery, but the best estimates were that around 341,000 rubles were stolen, worth approximately $3.4 million in 2008 United States Dollars.[20][27] Of the 341,000 in rubles taken, about 91,000 were in small untraceable bills, but around 250,000 rubles were in large 500-ruble notes with serial numbers known to the police.[20][27] This made them very difficult to exchange undetected.[20][27]
A large portion of the stolen money was eventually moved by Kamo, who took the money to Lenin in Finland, which was then part of the Russian Empire.[19] Kamo then spent the remaining summer months staying with Lenin at his dacha. That fall, Kamo left Finland to buy arms for future activities; he traveled to Paris, then to Belgium to buy arms and ammunition, then to Bulgaria to buy 200 detonators.[19]
Captures and trials[edit]
"[R]esigned to death, absolutely calm. On my grave there should already be grass growing six feet high. One can't escape death forever. One must die some day. But I will try my luck again. Try any way of escape. Perhaps we shall once more have the laugh over our enemies...I am in irons. Do what you like. I am ready for anything."
- Note from Kamo to fellow prisoner in 1912 while awaiting the death penalty.[28]
After his purchase in Bulgaria, Kamo traveled to Berlin and delivered a letter from Lenin to a prominent Bolshevik, Dr. Yakov Zhitomirsky, asking the doctor for medical assistance to treat Kamo's still injured eye.[19] Lenin had been hoping to help the man who had successfully executed the robbery, but unintentionally turned Kamo over to a double agent.[19] Zhitomirsky had been secretly working as an agent of the Russian government and quickly informed the Okhrana about his encounter with Kamo.[19] The Okhrana then asked the Berlin police to arrest Kamo.[19] When they did so, they found a forged Austrian passport and a suitcase with 200 detonators, which he was planning to use in another large bank robbery.[29]
After being arrested in Berlin, Kamo received a note from Krasin through his lawyer Oscar Kohn telling Kamo to feign insanity so that he would be declared unfit to stand trial.[30][31][32] To demonstrate his insanity, Kamo refused food, tore his clothes, tore out his hair, attempted suicide by hanging himself, slashed his wrists, and ate his own excrement.[31][33][34] In order to make sure that Kamo was not faking his condition, German doctors stuck pins under his nails, struck him in the back with a long needle, and burned him with hot irons, but he did not break his act.[33][35] After all of these tests, the chief doctor of the Berlin asylum wrote in June 1909 that "there is no foundation to the belief that [Kamo] is feigning insanity. He is without doubt mentally ill, is incapable of appearing before a court, or of serving sentence. It is extremely doubtful that he can completely recover."[36]
In 1909, Kamo was extradited to a Russian prison where he continued to feign insanity.[30][37] In April 1910, Kamo was tried for his role in the Tiflis robbery.[38] At trial, Kamo continued to act insane by ignoring the proceedings and instead openly feeding a pet bird that he had snuck into the proceedings in his shirt.[38] The trial was suspended while officials examined Kamo's sanity.[38][39] The court eventually found that he was sane when he committed the Tiflis robbery, but was presently mentally ill and should be confined until he recovered.[40]
In August 1911, after feigning insanity for more than three years, Kamo escaped from the psychiatric ward of the Tiflis prison by sawing through his window bars and climbing down a homemade rope.[30][41][37]
Kamo later discussed his experiences at feigning insanity for over three years:
"What can I tell you? They threw me about, hit me over the legs and the like. One of the men forced me to look into the mirror. There I saw − not the reflection of myself, but rather of some thin, ape-like man, gruesome and horrible looking, grinding his teeth. I thought to myself, 'Maybe I've really gone mad!' It was a terrible moment, but I regained my bearings and spat upon the mirror. You know I think they liked that....I thought a great deal:'Will I survive or will I really go mad?' That was not good. I did not have faith in myself, see?...[The authorities], of course, know their business, their science. But they do not know the Caucasians. Maybe every Caucasian is insane, as far as they are concerned. Well, who will drive whom mad? Nothing developed. They stuck to their guns and I to mine. In Tiflis, they didn't torture me. Apparently they thought that the Germans can make no mistakes."[42]
After escaping, Kamo met up with Lenin in Paris.[43] Kamo was distressed to hear that a "rupture had occurred" between Lenin, Bogdanov, and Krasin.[43] Kamo told Lenin about his arrest and how he had simulated insanity while in prison.[43] After leaving Paris, Kamo eventually met up with Krasin and planned another armed robbery.[30] Kamo was caught before the robbery took place and was put on trial in Tiflis for his exploits including the Tiflis bank robbery.[28][30] This time while imprisoned, Kamo did not feign insanity and was given four death sentences.[44]
Seemingly doomed to death, Kamo then had the good luck along with other prisoners to have his sentence commuted to a long prison term as part of the celebrations of the Romanov dynasty tricentennial.[30][45] Kamo was released from prison after the February Revolution in 1917.[30][46]
Later life and death[edit]
Kamo, after his release from prison and the seizing of power by the Bolsheviks, seemed bored with the new life outside of prison. Stalin introduced him to Lenin as: "The old bank robber-terrorist of the Caucasus."[47] He paced the halls of the Kremlin until he was allowed to create his own band of men who would help raid money on the other side of the Eastern Front to support the country.[48]
Having been given permission to create his own gang, Kamo would test all of his new members to make sure that they were up to the task. Kamo would test his new recruits by taking the new recruits to a forest clearing and have them be attacked by fake White army members, bound to a tree, and then put through a fake execution to test their courage.[49] Kamo said that with this test "you could be absolutely sure [your comrades] wouldn't let you down."[50] On one occasion, a recruit revealed himself to a be a spy when tested by Kamo; he was shot on the spot.[50] Kamo then cut open the man's chest and tore out the man's heart showing it to the other recruits.[50] When Lenin heard about Kamo's test, he was so disturbed that he sent a message stating that he never wanted to see him again.[49]
After the wars were over, Kamo worked in the Soviet Customs office, by some accounts because he was too unstable to work for the secret police.[30] Kamo died in a 1922 road accident when a truck hit him while he was cycling.[30] While there is no proof, some have theorized that Kamo's death was no accident, with the orders for his demise given by Stalin.[51][52]
Kamo was buried with honors and a wreath was placed on his bier with an inscription stating "To the unforgettable Kamo, from Lenin and Krupskaya."[53] Immediately after Kamo died, Stalin sent someone to collect all of Kamo's records and papers so that they would not embarrass Stalin.[53]
Ironically, Kamo, the man who had been found guilty and sentenced to death for the bloody robbery that took place in Yerevan Square, was buried and had a monument erected in his honor (replacing Pushkin's statue) in Pushkin Gardens, near Yerevan Square.[54][55] Kamo's monument was later removed during Stalin's rule and his remains moved to another location.[52]
- a There is a discrepancy among sources regarding the date of Kamo's birth due to the fact that some texts provide the date of the birth in accordance with the Old Style Julian calendar while others provide dates according to the Gregorian calendar. The Russian government used the Julian calendar until February 1918 when it switched to the Gregorian calendar by skipping thirteen days in that year so that 1 February 1918 was followed by 15 February 1918.[56] For purposes of this article, all dates are provided according to Gregorian calendar dates.
- b Stalin's original Georgian name was "Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili", but during most of his revolutionary years he went by his revolutionary nom de guerre "Koba." Stalin adopted a variety of nicknames and aliases in his life. Sometime after 1912, he began using the name Stalin, which in Russian means "of steel", as his nom de guerre. This article uses the name by which he is most commonly known to the world, "Joseph Stalin", for clarity.
- ^ Советская военная энциклопедия: "Погиб при автомобильной катастрофе."
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Shub 1960, p. 228
- ^ Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 67
- ^ Shub 1960, pp. 228–229
- ^ a b c Shub 1960, p. 229
- ^ Shub 1960, pp. 229–230
- ^ Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 104
- ^ Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 118
- ^ a b c Shub 1960, p. 230
- ^ Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 129
- ^ a b c d e Shub 1960, p. 231
- ^ Shub 1960, p. 232
- ^ Brackman 2000, p. 58
- ^ a b c Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 11
- ^ Kun 2003, pp. 77–78
- ^ a b c d e Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 8
- ^ Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 178
- ^ a b c d Sebag-Montefiore 2008, pp. 6–7
- ^ a b c d e f g h Brackman 2000, p. 60
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Brackman 2000, p. 59
- ^ Kun 2003, p. 75
- ^ a b "BOMB KILLS MANY; $170,000 CAPTURED". The New York Times (The New York Times). 1907-06-27. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
- ^ a b Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 13
- ^ Kun 2003, p. 76
- ^ a b Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 9
- ^ a b c d e f Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 12
- ^ a b c d e Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 14
- ^ a b Souvarine 2005, pp. 103
- ^ Brackman 2000, p. 61
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ulam 1998, pp. 279–280
- ^ a b Brackman 2000, p. 55
- ^ Souvarine 2005, pp. 101
- ^ a b Souvarine 2005, pp. 101–102
- ^ Shub 1960, p. 234
- ^ Shub 1960, pp. 236–37
- ^ Shub 1960, p. 237
- ^ a b Souvarine 2005, pp. 102
- ^ a b c Shub 1960, p. 238
- ^ Brackman 2000, pp. 57–58
- ^ Shub 1960, p. 239
- ^ Brackman 2000, p. 67
- ^ Shub 1960, p. 246−247
- ^ a b c Krupskaya, Nadezhda (1970). "Paris - 1909-1910". Reminiscences of Lenin. Retrieved 2010-12-10.
- ^ Shub 1960, p. 244
- ^ Shub 1960, p. 245
- ^ Shub 1960, p. 246
- ^ Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 302
- ^ Kun 2003, p. 388
- ^ a b Kun 2003, p. 389
- ^ a b c Sebag-Montefiore 2008, pp. 362
- ^ Brackman 2000, p. 33
- ^ a b Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 370
- ^ a b Shub 1960, p. 247
- ^ Sebag-Montefiore 2008, p. 15
- ^ "USSR information bulletin". USSR information bulletin 6 (52-67): 15. 1946. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
- ^ Christian, David (1997). "Introduction". Imperial and Soviet Russia: power, privilege, and the challenge of modernity. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 6. ISBN 0-312-17352-0. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
- Brackman, Roman (29 Sep 2000). "Chapter 7 – The Great Tiflis Bank Robbery". The secret file of Joseph Stalin: a hidden life. Psychology Press. pp. 58–66. ISBN 0-7146-5050-1. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
- Kun, Miklós (2003). "Chapter 5 – Why Stalin was called a "Mail-Coach Robber"". Stalin: an unknown portrait. Central European University Press. pp. 74–80. ISBN 963-9241-19-9. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
- Shub, David (July 1960). "Kamo-the Legendary Old Bolshevik of the Caucasus". Russian Review 19 (3): 227–247. JSTOR 126539.
- Sebag-Montefiore, Simon (2008). "Prologue:The Bank Robbery". Young Stalin. Random House, Inc. pp. 3–18. ISBN 1-4000-9613-8. Retrieved 2010-11-17.
- Souvarine, Boris (2005). "Chapter IV – A Professional Revoluationary". Stalin: A Critical Survey of Bolshevism. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 92–106. ISBN 1-4191-1307-0. Retrieved 2010-12-10.
- Ulam, Adam (1998). "The Years of Waiting: 1908-1917". The Bolsheviks: the intellectual and political history of the triumph of communism in Russia. Harvard University Press. pp. 279–280. ISBN 0-674-07830-6. Retrieved 2010-11-29.


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