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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency
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Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency Title Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number...
Costs and benefits of energy efficiency improvements in ceiling fans
SciTech Connect
Ceiling fans contribute significantly to residential electricity consumption, especially in developing countries with warm climates. The paper provides analysis of costs and benefits of several options to improve the efficiency of ceiling fans to assess the global potential for electricity savings and green house gas (GHG) emission reductions. Ceiling fan efficiency can be cost-effectively improved by at least 50% using commercially available technology. If these efficiency improvements are implemented in all ceiling fans sold by 2020, 70 terawatt hours per year could be saved and 25 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) emissions per year could be avoided, globally. We assess how policies and programs such as standards, labels, and financial incentives can be used to accelerate the adoption of efficient ceiling fans in order to realize potential savings.
Shah, Nihar; Sathaye, Nakul; Phadke, Amol; Letschert, Virginie [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States). Environmental Energy Technology Division] [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States). Environmental Energy Technology Division
title Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy...
Fan Energy Efficiency year month keywords bottom up Ceiling fan Celing Fans efficiency energy efficiency Financial incentives Market Transformation residential Standards and...
Ceiling Fan | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Ceiling Fan Jump to: navigation, search TODO: Add description List of Ceiling Fan Incentives Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleCeilingFan&oldid267151"...
Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan...
Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit Framework Document-Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-STD-0045 Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and...
Development of a High Efficiency Ceiling Fan
E-Print Network (OSTI)
The potential of ceiling fans to improve comfort during the cooling season is well documented (Rohles et al.. 1983; Fairey et al.. 1986). There are at least two cases: In the first where air conditioning is unavailable, adding ceiling fans may significantly improve building comfort and health although actually increasing energy use. However, the more common circumstance is where ceiling fans are used with the objective of providing a higher cooling system thermostat set point with acceptable comfort. Fans can also potentially avoid the use of air conditioning during "swing" seasons. Although studies commonly suggest a 2-6OF increase in the thermostat set point, data from 386 surveyed Central Florida households suggests that although fans are used an average of 13.4 hours per day, no statistically valid difference can be observed in thermostat settings between households using fans and those without them (James et al., 1996). Part of this may be due to the lack of sufficiently wide air distribution coverage within rooms (Rohles et al, 1983; Sonne and Parker, 1998). Studies touting potential cooling savings of up to 40% have usually been sponsored by fan manufacturers (eg. A.D. Little, 1981). These often make unrealistic assumptions such as presuming that occupants are within four feet of a fan with only one fan in use and a 6�F elevation of the thermostat setting. An environmental chamber study by Consumer Reports showed that the long-reported de-stratification benefits when heating are largely unsubstantiated (Consumer Reports. 1993). Thus. benefits from ceiling fans are only to reduce cooling needs and this is completely contingent on sufficient changes in interior comfort to warrant raising of the cooling thermostat. Two other factors must be taken into account in assessing the benefits of fans: their actual energy use and the added internal heat gains produced by the fans during operation. The measured electrical demand of ceiling fans varies between 5 and 115 Watts depending on model and speed selection. A power demand of 40 W at medium speed is probably typical (Chandra, 1985). Thus, a fan used for six months of the year would use 175 kwh. With 4.3 ceiling fans in an average Florida home, this amounts to about 800 kwh of fan energy consumption --about 5% of total electricity use. Also, all of the energy use of fans is eventually converted to heat within the home which must eventually be removed by ventilation air or the cooling system.
Parker, D. S.; Callahan, M. P.; Sonne, J. K.; Su, G. H.; Hibbs, B. D.
Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit use in the U.S. Results of a Survey on Amazon Mechanical Turk
Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit use in the U.S. �Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit use in the U.S. �fans and ceiling fan light kits in the United States (
Kantner, Colleen L.S.
Intellect, LLC (2011). Ceiling fan consumer survey data fromconsumption from ceiling fans. 5 References Amazon.com. (January/February 2001). Ceiling fans: Fulfilling the energy
Characteristics of Residential Housing Units by Ceiling Fans, 2001
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
A reporting of the number of housing units using ceiling fans in U.S. households as reported in the 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Survey
Table 1. Household Characteristics by Ceiling Fans, 2001
List of Ceiling Fan Incentives | Open Energy Information
Fan Incentives Fan Incentives Jump to: navigation, search The following contains the list of 99 Ceiling Fan Incentives. CSV (rows 1 - 99) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active AEP Ohio (Electric) - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program (Ohio) Utility Rebate Program Ohio Residential Building Insulation Ceiling Fan Central Air conditioners Custom/Others pending approval Duct/Air sealing Heat pumps Lighting Motors Programmable Thermostats Windows Yes AEP Ohio (Gas) - Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Program (Ohio) Utility Rebate Program Ohio Residential Building Insulation Ceiling Fan Central Air conditioners Custom/Others pending approval Dehumidifiers Duct/Air sealing Heat pumps Lighting Motors Programmable Thermostats
Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit Framework Document�Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-STD-0045
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
This memo provides an overview of communications made to DOE staff on the subject of possible changes to standards and test procedures for ceiling fans and ceiling fan light kits.
air conditioning .31 � 3.7 � Impact of ceiling fans on air conditioningowners increased the air conditioning thermostat temperature
How Has a Ceiling Fan Affected the Way You Heat and Cool Your Home? |
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Has a Ceiling Fan Affected the Way You Heat and Cool Your Home? Has a Ceiling Fan Affected the Way You Heat and Cool Your Home? How Has a Ceiling Fan Affected the Way You Heat and Cool Your Home? September 23, 2010 - 7:30am Addthis On Monday, Chris told you about his new ceiling fan and how it's changed the way he cools his home. In warm weather, ceiling fans cool people (not rooms) by producing a wind-chill effect-which is why you should turn off fans when you leave the room. A ceiling fan allows you to raise the thermostat setting about 4°F with no reduction in comfort. Ceiling fans don't just cool in the summer; you can also reverse the direction in the winter to provide an updraft and force warm air down into the room. How has a ceiling fan affected the way you heat and cool your home? Each Thursday, you have the chance to share your thoughts on a question
Redesign of ceiling fan - adapted to the Scandinavian market.
?? The master degree thesis project, at Halmstad University, was made in cooperation with Hunter Fan, one of the leading fan companies on the American� (more)
Eliasson, Anna
Stay Cool for Less Money with a Ceiling Fan | Department of Energy
Stay Cool for Less Money with a Ceiling Fan Stay Cool for Less Money with a Ceiling Fan Stay Cool for Less Money with a Ceiling Fan May 12, 2009 - 5:00am Addthis Allison Casey Senior Communicator, NREL After a few late snowstorms here in Colorado, I am more than ready to turn off the heat and enjoy some warm spring weather. We haven't had any heat waves here yet, but many of you have already been trying to stay cool; our friends in Washington, D.C. were sweltering (by comparison) in 90+°F weather just a couple short weeks ago! Whether you're still anticipating snow or have broken out the sandals and tank tops, you may be starting to think about keeping your summer cooling costs down. One easy way to keep cool while saving money is using a ceiling fan. Did you know that a ceiling fan could allow you to raise the thermostat
Demonstration of Intelligent Control and Fan Improvements in Computer Room
Demonstration of Intelligent Control and Fan Improvements in Computer Room Demonstration of Intelligent Control and Fan Improvements in Computer Room Air Handlers Title Demonstration of Intelligent Control and Fan Improvements in Computer Room Air Handlers Publication Type Report Refereed Designation Unknown LBNL Report Number LBNL-6007E Year of Publication 2012 Authors Coles, Henry C., Steve E. Greenberg, and Corrine Vita Document Number LBNL-6007E Date Published 12/2012 Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley, CA Keywords air distribution, building technology and urban systems department, computer room air handler, crah control, data center, data center crah, ec fan, ecm, ecm fan, fan speed control, high tech and industrial systems group, plug fan, variable frequency drive, vfd, wireless control Abstract
Fans for Cooling | Department of Energy
Fans for Cooling Fans for Cooling Fans for Cooling May 30, 2012 - 7:46pm Addthis Ceiling fans circulate air in a room to help keep occupants cool. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto/jimkruger Ceiling fans circulate air in a room to help keep occupants cool. | Photo courtesy of ©iStockphoto/jimkruger What does this mean for me? You may be able to keep your home cool with energy-efficient and well-placed fans. Fans are less expensive to operate than air conditioners. Circulating fans include ceiling fans, table fans, floor fans, and fans mounted to poles or walls. These fans create a wind chill effect that will make you more comfortable in your home, even if it's also cooled by natural ventilation or air conditioning. Ceiling Fans Ceiling fans are considered the most effective of these types of fans,
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Upcoming emissions regulations (Tiers 3, 4a and 4b) are imposing significantly higher heat loads on the cooling system than lesser regulated machines. This work was a suite of tasks aimed at reducing the parasitic losses of the cooling system, or improving the design process through six distinct tasks: 1. Develop an axial fan that will provide more airflow, with less input power and less noise. The initial plan was to use Genetic Algorithms to do an automated fan design, incorporating forward sweep for low noise. First and second generation concepts could not meet either performance or sound goals. An experienced turbomachinery designer, using a specialized CFD analysis program has taken over the design and has been able to demonstrate a 5% flow improvement (vs 10% goal) and 10% efficiency improvement (vs 10% goal) using blade twist only. 2. Fan shroud developments, using an 'aeroshroud' concept developed at Michigan State University. Performance testing at Michigan State University showed the design is capable of meeting the goal of a 10% increase in flow, but over a very narrow operating range of fan performance. The goal of 10% increase in fan efficiency was not met. Fan noise was reduced from 0 to 2dB, vs. a goal of 5dB at constant airflow. The narrow range of fan operating conditions affected by the aeroshroud makes this concept unattractive for further development at this time 3. Improved axial fan system modeling is needed to accommodate the numbers of cooling systems to be redesigned to meet lower emissions requirements. A CFD fan system modeling guide has been completed and transferred to design engineers. Current, uncontrolled modeling practices produce flow estimates in some cases within 5% of measured values, and in some cases within 25% of measured values. The techniques in the modeling guide reduced variability to the goal of + 5% for the case under study. 4. Demonstrate the performance and design versatility of a high performance fan. A 'swept blade mixed flow' fan was rapid prototyped from cast aluminum for a performance demonstration on a small construction machine. The fan was mounted directly in place of the conventional fan (relatively close to the engine). The goal was to provide equal airflow at constant fan speed, with 75% of the input power and 5 dB quieter than the conventional fan. The result was a significant loss in flow with the prototype due to its sensitivity to downstream blockage. This sensitivity to downstream blockage affects flow, efficiency, and noise all negatively, and further development was terminated. 5. Develop a high efficiency variable speed fan drive to replace existing slipping clutch style fan drives. The goal for this task was to provide a continuously variable speed fan drive with an efficiency of 95%+ at max speed, and losses no greater than at max speed as the fan speed would vary throughout its entire speed range. The process developed to quantify the fuel savings potential of a variable speed fan drive has produced a simple tool to predict the fuel savings of a variable speed drive, and has sparked significant interest in the use of variable speed fan drive for Tier 3 emissions compliant machines. The proposed dual ratio slipping clutch variable speed fan drive can provide a more efficient system than a conventional single ratio slipping clutch fan drive, but could not meet the established performance goals of this task, so this task was halted in a gate review prior to the start of detailed design. 6. Develop a cooling system air filtration device to allow the use of automotive style high performance heat exchangers currently in off road machines. The goal of this task was to provide a radiator air filtration system that could allow high fin density, louvered radiators to operate in a find dust application with the same resistance to fouling as a current production off-road radiator design. Initial sensitivity testing demonstrated that fan speed has a significant impact on the fouling of radiator cores due to fine dusts, so machines equipped with continuously variabl
Ronald Dupree
Introduction of a Cooling Fan Efficiency Index
�C �F Cooling Effect (?t eq ) �C �F Fan Power, W (P f ) Cooling-Fan Efficiency (CFE) �C/W �F/Wand B. Jones. 1983. Ceiling fans as extenders of the summer
Schiavon, Stefano; Melikov, Arsen
Microsoft Word - Control_and_Fan_Improvements_in_CRAHs.doc
07E 07E Demonstration of Intelligent Control and Fan Improvements in Computer Room Air Handlers Henry Coles and Steve Greenberg, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Corinne Vita, Vigilent Environmental Energy Technologies Division November 2012 DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe
??The Fan Assessment Numeration System (FANS) is an improved air velocity traverse method for measuring in situ fan performance. The FANS has been widely used,� (more)
Lopes, Igor Moreira
Turning on the Fan and Turning off the A/C | Department of Energy
Turning on the Fan and Turning off the A/C Turning on the Fan and Turning off the A/C Turning on the Fan and Turning off the A/C September 20, 2010 - 3:00pm Addthis As part of some recent money- and energy-savings improvements I've been making to my home, a couple of weeks ago I installed a ceiling fan in my main living room. Chris Stewart Senior Communicator at DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory As part of some recent money- and energy-savings improvements I've been making to my home, a couple of weeks ago I installed a ceiling fan in my main living room. Part of my research led me to understand how ceiling fans are considered the most effective fans compared among table fans, floor fans, and fans mounted to poles or walls because they effectively circulate the air in a room to create a draft throughout the room.
PCS Nitrogen: Combustion Fan System Optimization Improves Performance and Saves Energy at a Chemical Plant
This U.S. Department of Energy Industrial Technologies Program case study describes how, in 2003, PCS Nitrogen, Inc., improved the efficiency of the combustion fan on a boiler at the company's chemical fertilizer plant in Augusta, Georgia. The project saved $420,000 and 76,400 million British thermal units (MBtu) per year. In addition, maintenance needs declined, because there is now less stress on the fan motor and bearings and less boiler feed water usage. This project was so successful that the company has implemented more efficiency improvements that should result in energy cost savings of nearly $1 million per year.
Not Available
Improving Control of a Dual-Duct Single-Fan Variable Air Volume Systems
This paper discusses improved control strategies for dual-duct single-fan variable air volume (VAV) systems. Common control strategy for supply air volume modulation is evaluated, and an improved air volume control strategy that maintains separate cold and hot air duct static pressure set points is presented. The paper also explores the interactions between the cold and hot deck temperatures and duct static pressures, and discusses the impact of non-ideal deck temperature settings on duct static pressures and overall system energy consumption. To compensate the negative impact of non-ideal cold and hot deck temperature set points, the authors propose using real-time duct static pressure readings as feedback signals to fine-tune the deck temperature set points. These new control schemes can reduce simultaneous cooling and heating while reducing fan power consumption.
Wei, G.; Martinez, J.; Minihan, T.; Brundidge, T.; Claridge, D. E.; Turner, W. D.
Ceiling and Visibility Forecasts via Neural Networks
Statistical postprocessing of numerical model output can improve forecast quality, especially when model output is combined with surface observations. In this article, the development of nonlinear postprocessors for the prediction of ceiling and ...
Caren Marzban; Stephen Leyton; Brad Colman
Investigation of performance improvements including application of inlet guide vanes to a cross-flow fan .
??The inherent characteristics of a cross-flow fan allowing for easy thrust vectoring as well as potential airfoil boundary layer control make it an attractive propulsive� (more)
Cordero, Samuel F.
THE WORLD'S Biggest Fan Collection
WORLD'S Biggest Fan Collection WORLD'S Biggest Fan Collection If you only know the Big Ass Fan Company as the preeminent designer and manufacturer of high volume, low speed fans for factories and cows, it's time you get to know us better. While we continue to lead the way in industrial and agricultural air movement, we've also refined these designs to bring the same innovation and benefits of our famous fans to circulate an ocean of air in sound-sensitive commercial spaces and homes. And when our customers said they wanted something for smaller spaces, we listened - and we think you'll like the results. We've got you covered - ceiling to floor, wall to door! Features New patented airfoil system uses 10 Powerfoil airfoils, winglets and patent-pending AirFence(tm) technology to increase
Improve the Energy Efficiency of Fan Systems, Software Tools for Industry, Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) (Fact Sheet)
This fact sheet describes how the Industrial Technologies Program Fan System Assessment Tool (FSAT) can help quantify energy consumption and savings opportunities in industrial fan systems.
Measured Natural Cooling Enhancement of a While House Fan
An experimental study was carried out in the summer of 1991 to investigate the natural cooling potential of use of a whole house fan in Central Florida's hot and humid climate. The residential building, in Cocoa Beach, FL, is typical of much of the existing housing stock in Florida: a concrete block structure with R-11 ceiling insulation. The building was ventilated with all windows open during the three month summer test period (June- August). Air temperatures and relative humidity inside the home interior along with exterior meteorological conditions (insolation, wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity) were scanned every five seconds with integrated averages recorded on a multi-channel data logger every 15- minutes. The house was naturally ventilated during the first half of summer. After a significant period of pre-retrofit summer data had been collected characterizing the building's thermal response, a 24" whole house fan was installed. The house was then force ventilated during evening hours for the remainder of the summer to establish potential of whole-house fans to improve interior comfort conditions. The electrical consumption of the fan was measured at both available fan speeds. Measurements revealed that the building interior was 3 - 6�F cooler during the evening hours after the whole house fan was operated. However, data also showed that nighttime humidity levels rose: relative humidity increased from 74% to 83% during the nighttime period where fan-powered ventilation was used. Using the data results, an analysis was performed using Orlando, Florida TMY data to see how limits to whole house ventilation based on humidity and temperature conditions would affect the potential of such a cooling strategy.
Parker, D. S.
Rui Fan
Rui Fan Rui Fan 1 Cyclotron Road MS 90-4000 Berkeley CA 94720 Office Location: 90-2087 (510) 486-6305 firstname.lastname@example.com Vision & Mission Organization Awards Fellowship Staff Services...
List of Whole House Fans Incentives | Open Energy Information
Whole House Fans Incentives Whole House Fans Incentives Jump to: navigation, search The following contains the list of 26 Whole House Fans Incentives. CSV (rows 1 - 26) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active Alliant Energy Interstate Power and Light (Gas and Electric) - Farm Equipment Energy Efficiency Incentives (Iowa) Utility Rebate Program Iowa Agricultural Agricultural Equipment Ceiling Fan Clothes Washers Custom/Others pending approval Dishwasher Doors Heat recovery Lighting Motor VFDs Motors Refrigerators Water Heaters Windows Whole House Fans Room Air Conditioners Ground Source Heat Pumps Yes Alliant Energy Interstate Power and Light - Farm Equipment Energy Efficiency Incentives (Minnesota) Utility Rebate Program Minnesota Agricultural Agricultural Equipment
Max Tech and Beyond: Maximizing Appliance and Equipment Efficiency by Design
lighting, improved fan blade design with proper balance, andDesign Options .. 21 Ceiling Fans and10W [2]. A design option for ceiling fans in large, open
Desroches, Louis-Benoit
Save Energy with Axial Fans
There are several ways to save energy in wet cooling towers and air cooled heat exchangers using axial fans. This paper will discuss ways to improve fan system efficiency in wet and dry towers both during the design phase and after installation by specifying energy efficient equipment. Variable pitch fan versus fixed pitch fan operation is discussed in terms of energy savings and means of control. The areas of interest to wet cooling tower users would be the influence on fan diameter and operating point on horsepower, how and when are velocity recovery stacks effective, the effect of varying fan speed to improve efficiency, and tip clearance effects. The areas of interest to dry tower (air cooled heat exchanger) users would be the effect of inlet losses, approach velocity losses, and losses due to air recirculation.
Monroe, R. C.
FANS - Control
... If set to H+ and a magnet controller is connected, you are ... Typically motors 3, 4, 5, and 6 are fixed for FANS operation A fixed motor will not be ...
ZHAOSHENG FAN Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 Phone: (630) 252-1566; email: email@example.com EDUCATION Ph.D., Soil Physics, 2007, North Dakota...
Fan Dai
Fan Dai Fan Dai China Energy Group Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road MS 90R2002 Berkeley CA 94720 Office Location: 90-2117S (510) 486-4000 email@example.com Fan Dai is a Ph.D. Candidate in Environmental Policy at the College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, and a LL.M. Candidate at Berkeley School of Law, University of California. Fan's research during her stay in LBNL's China Energy Group focuses on Energy Efficiency Governance, U.S.-China Clean Energy Partnership, the Carbon Cap-and-Trade Program in California and what China can learn from California's program. Prior to LBNL, she interned at the China National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation (NCSC), China Youth Action Climate Network (CYCAN), and China State Forestry
Performance Assessment of Photovoltaic Attic Ventilator Fans
Controlling summer attic heat gain is important to reducing air conditioning energy use in homes in hot-humid climates. Both heat transfer through ceilings and t attic duct systems can make up a large part of peak cooling demand, Attic ventilation has long been identified as a method to abate such heat gains. We present test results from using the photovoltaic (PV) attic ventilator fans in a test home to assess impact on attic and cooling energy performance.
Parker, D. S.; Sherwin, J. R.
Museum Fan Downloads
Museum Fan Downloads Participate with us Participate Share your Stories Museum Fan Downloads invisible utility element Museum Fan Downloads Help the Bradbury Science Museum by...
Fan Mei | BNL
Fan Mei Postdoctoral Research Associate Fan is currently working as a postdoctoral research associate with Jian Wang, investigating aerosol microphysical properties in three recent...
Improved recovery from Gulf of Mexico reservoirs. Volume I (of 4): Task 1, conduct research on mud-rich submarine fans. Final report, February 14, 1995--October 13, 1996
The objective for this portion of the research involved conducting field studies and laboratory investigations to develop and refine models for mud-rich submarine fan architectures used by seismic analysis and reservoir engineers. These research aspects have been presented in two papers as follows: (1) Bouma, A.H., {open_quotes}Review of Fine-Grained Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems{close_quotes}; (2) Kirkova, J.T. and Lorenzo, J.M., {open_quotes}Synthetic Seismic Modeling of Measured Submarine Fans Sections, Case Study of the Tanqua Complex, Karoo, South Africa{close_quotes} The {open_quotes}Review of Fine-Grained Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems{close_quotes} by Arnold Bouma discusses research targeted toward stimulating an increase in oil and gas recovery by developing new and improved geological understanding. The {open_quotes}Synthetic Seismic Modeling of Measured Submarine Fan Sections, Case Study of the Tanqua Complex, Karoo, South Africa{close_quotes} by J.T. Kirkova and J.M. Lorenso discusses the limitations of verticle resolution and how this affects the interpretation and characterization of submarine fan complexes.
Kimbrell, W.C.; Bassiouni, Z.A.; Bourgoyne, A.T.
The Lillehammer Submarine Fan Complex.
??Abstract The Lillehammer Submarine Fan Complex is a mixed mud/sand rich turbidite fan system. The fan complex was deposited in the Neoproterozoic Hedmark rift basin� (more)
Skaten, Maren Kristin M�llerup
Nien-fan Zhang
Nien-fan Zhang. Technical Areas of Research and Consulting: Statistical process control Time series analysis and forecasting. Awards: ...
Fan Energy Savings Decisions
Axial fans are used for thousands of industrial applications consuming millions of kilowatts daily. The decision that saves dollars is to either automatically change fan speed or change blade pitch to save up to 50 percent of consumed power over a fixed pitch, constant speed fan. A discussion of the merits of each type is presented with actual test results.
Fan blade development. Final report Sep 81-Sep 82
The objective of this program was to develop an improved fan blade that could be utilized in place of the current steel fan blade on the Pedal Ventilator Kit (PVK). The goals of the program were to reduce both the unit cost and weight of the fan while maintaining its effectiveness and reliability. A value analysis study was conducted on the fan blade to determine material/design revisions that offered potential manufacturing economies. Based on the conclusions of the study, two designs were chosen for fabrication. The two fan designs were constructed and tested. As a result of the performance testing, one fan blade emerged as the optimum design. Fifteen fan blades of the optimum design were constructed for FEMA inspection and distribution. Preliminary specifications were generated for the fan blade assembly. in addition, production cost estimates based on a procurement of 100,000 units were formulated for FEMA budgetary purposes.
Buday, J.M.
CALIFORNIA ENERGY Integrated Ceiling Research Report
for advanced ceiling systems that: · Provides excellent lighting and daylighting quality, thermal comfort McConocha of Federated Departments, JimVan Dame of My-Lite Daylighting Systems and Products, Doug Departments, JimVan Dame of My-Lite Daylighting Systems and Products, Doug Gehring of Celotex, Ivan Johnson
??The use of velocity traverses to measure in-situ air flow rate of ventilation fans can be subject to significant errors. The Fan Assessment Numeration System� (more)
Morello, Gabriela Munhoz
Modeling thermal comfort with radiant floors and ceilings
limits for heated ceilings. ASHRAE Transactions 86(2): 141-Radiation and discomfort. ASHRAE Journal Griffiths, I. S.active human sub- jects. ASHRAE Transactions 74: 131 -143.
Fan Repair Guideline
The successful repair of a fan component is affected by a number of different factors. These include correctly assessing the root cause of failure, determining the best repair option, implementation of proper repair procedures, and compliance with applicable codes and standards. However, in many situations the proper solution is not clearly evident. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance in the area of induced draft / forced draft fan repair. Specifically, this document deals with the repair...
CFD Simulation and Analysis of the Combined Evaporative Cooling and Radiant Ceiling Air-conditioning System
Due to such disadvantages as large air duct and high energy consumption of the current all- outdoor air evaporative cooling systems used in the dry region of Northwest China, as well as the superiority of the ceiling cooling system in improving thermal comfort and saving energy, a combined system is presented in this paper. It combines an evaporative cooling system with ceiling cooling, in which the evaporative cooling system handles the entire latent load and one part of the sensible loads, and the ceiling cooling system deals with the other part of sensible loads in the air-conditioned zone, so that the condensation on radiant panels and the insufficiency of cooling capacity can be avoided. The cooling water at 18? used in the cooling coils of ceiling cooling system can be ground water, tap water or the cooled water from cooling towers in the summer. This new air-conditioning system and existing all- outdoor air evaporative cooling system are applied to a project in the city of Lanzhou. Energy consumption analysis of the building is carried out using the energy consumption code. Velocity and temperature distribution in the air-conditioned zone is computed using CFD. According to the results, the energy consumption and indoor human thermal comfort of both systems are then compared. It is concluded that the new system occupies less building space, reduces energy consumption, improves indoor human thermal comfort and saves initial investment.
Xiang, H.; Yinming, L.; Junmei, W.
Reduced Worker Exposure and Improved Energy Efficiency in Industrial Fume-Hoods
on the two successful designs: a fan powered airvest with anhose. The fan powered airvest design with an electricalwith an improved design and appropriate fan selection. An
Gadgil, A.J.
Smart Fan Modules And System
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A fan module including: two or more individual fans, each fan having an air movement means and a motor engaged with the air movement means for accelerating air entering each of the two or more individual fans; a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature associated with the two or more fans and for outputting a first signal corresponding to the temperature; rotational speed sensor for outputting a second signal corresponding to a rotational speed of each of the two or more fans; and a processor for receiving the first and second signals and controlling the two or more individual fans based on the first and second signals. A fan module including: two or more individual fans, each fan having an air movement means and a motor engaged with the air movement means for accelerating air entering each of the two or more individual fans; a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature associated with the two or more fans and for outputting a first signal corresponding to the temperature; rotational speed sensor for outputting a second signal corresponding to a rotational speed of each of the two or more fans; and a processor for receiving the first and second signals and controlling the two or more individual fans based on the first and second signals.
Cipolla, Thomas M. (Katonah, NY); Kaufman, Richard I. (Somers, NY); Mok, Lawrence S. (Brewster, NY)
Evaluation of the cooling fan efficiency index.
Evaluation of the Cooling Fan Efficiency indexfor a desk fan anda computer fan Stefano Schiavon 1,2,* , M. Sc. PhD
with four cooling fans of different designs available on thedesign, installation, and use, the performance of cooling fans
Transmission of sound through suspended ceilings from HVAC terminal units
An ASHRAE project to investigate factors determining the sound pressure levels in rooms below ceilings concealing air?terminal units has been completed. Four terminal units installed close to the six ceiling types used were the major noise sources. They were supplemented by two simulators powered by loudspeakers.Sound power was measured for each device in the 156 cubic meter test room in its reverberant condition. The levels in the room were measured for each combination of source and ceiling tile. Sound pressure level was measured as a function of distance from two sources in the room below. The main intent of the project was to validate ARI Standard 885 which provides a calculation method for such situations. Differences among ceiling types were less than expected; leakage around the edges of each panel is a dominant transmission path. Ceiling attenuations at low frequencies were found to depend on the area of the lower face of the units. Sound levels in the room were essentially uniform when the source was above the ceiling. The decay of sound with distance from the sources below the ceiling was found to depend on the inverse of the room reverberation time.
Alf Warnock
Remote Cloud Ceiling Assessment Using Data-Mining Methods
Data-mining methods are applied to numerical weather prediction (NWP) output and satellite data to develop automated algorithms for the diagnosis of cloud ceiling height in regions where no local observations are available at analysis time. A ...
Richard L. Bankert; Michael Hadjimichael; Arunas P. Kuciauskas; William T. Thompson; Kim Richardson
Sinewave parameter estimation using the fast fan-chirp transform
Sinewave analysis/synthesis has long been an important tool for audio analysis, modification and synthesis. The recently introduced fan-chirp Transform (FChT) [2,3] has been shown to improve the fidelity of sinewave parameter ...
Dunn, Robert B.
Topography based fan control for heavy trucks; Topografibaserad kylfl�ktstyrning f�r tunga fordon.
?? This thesis is a study of how cooling fan control can be improved by using road topography information. Two such controllers are presented, one� (more)
Lerede, Niclas
Commercial Air Barrier Requirements for Insulated Ceilings - Code Notes |
Air Barrier Requirements for Insulated Ceilings - Code Notes Air Barrier Requirements for Insulated Ceilings - Code Notes The 2009 International Energy Conservation Code requires openings in the building envelope to be sealed to prevent air leakage into and out of the space, including an air barrier at insulation installations. Publication Date: Wednesday, June 22, 2011 cn_commercial_air_barrier_requirements_for_insulated_ceilings.pdf Document Details Prepared by: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy Building Energy Codes Program Focus: Compliance Building Type: Commercial Code Referenced: ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 2009 IECC Document type: Code Notes Target Audience: Architect/Designer Builder Code Official Contractor Engineer Contacts Web Site Policies U.S. Department of Energy USA.gov Last Updated: Thursday, September 20, 2012 - 17:25
The Internet World of Fan Fiction.
??Fan fiction, the most popular creative outlet for fans, allows the amateur writer an opportunity to be published and receive immediate feedback from peers. As� (more)
Herzing, Melissa Jean
Data Mining Numerical Model Output for Single-Station Cloud-Ceiling Forecast Algorithms
Accurate cloud-ceiling-height forecasts derived from numerical weather prediction (NWP) model data are useful for aviation and other interests where low cloud ceilings have an impact on operations. A demonstration of the usefulness of data-mining ...
Richard L. Bankert; Michael Hadjimichael
Measurement of Absorption in Rooms with Sound Absorbing Ceilings
Serious difficulties have been encountered in attempts to measure the absorption coefficients of sound absorbing ceilings in large offices. An analysis of the sound field is made and it is concluded (1) that the reverberation time formula is usually invalid if the absorption is concentrated on one surface of the room
J. R. Power
Best Practice for Energy Efficient Cleanrooms: Fan-FilterUnits
The HVAC systems in cleanrooms may use 50 percent or more of the total cleanroom energy use. Fan energy use accounts for a significant portion (e.g., over 50%) of the HVAC energy use in cleanrooms such as ISO Classes 3, 4, or 5. Three types of air-handling systems for recirculating airflows are commonly used in cleanrooms: (1) fan-tower systems with pressurized plenum, (2) ducted HEPA systems with distributed-fans, and (3) systems with fan-filter units. Because energy efficiency of the recirculation systems could vary significantly from system type to system type, optimizing aerodynamic performance in air recirculation systems appears to be a useful approach to improve energy efficiency in cleanrooms. Providing optimal airflows through careful planning, design and operation, including air change rate, airflow uniformity, and airflow speed, is important for controlling particle contamination in cleanrooms. In practice, the use of fan-filter units (FFUs) in the air-handling system is becoming more and more popular because of this type of system may offer a number of advantages. Often modular and portable than traditional recirculation airflow systems, FFUs are easier to install, and can be easily controlled and monitored to maintain filtration performance. Energy efficiency of air handling systems using fan-filter units can, however, be lower than their counterparts and may vary significantly from system to system because of the difference in energy performance, airflow paths, and the operating conditions of FFUs.
Xu, Tengfang
Induced draft fan innovation for heat recovery steam generators
A first of its kind, induced draft (ID) heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) have been in service at a cogeneration facility since 1991. A preliminary engineering study considered a forced draft (FD) fan to supply combustion air to the HRSG duct burners (when the combustion turbine (CT) is out of service) as a traditional design; however, the study indicated that the FD fan may require the HRSG duct burner to be shut off following a CT trip and re-ignited after the FD fan was in service. Although the induced draft HRSG design cost more than the FD fan design, the induced draft design has improved the cogeneration facility's steam generation reliability by enabling the HRSG to remain in service following a CT trip. This paper briefly summarizes the preliminary engineering study that supported the decision to select the ID fan design. The paper also discusses the control system that operates the fresh-air louvers, duct burners, HRSG, and ID fan during a CT trip. Startup and operating experiences are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the design. Lessons learned are also summarized for input into future induced draft HRSG designs.
Beasley, O.W.; Hutchins, E.C. (Oklahoma Gas and Electric Co., Oklahoma City, OK (United States)); Predick, P.R.; Vavrek, J.M. (Sargent and Lundy, Chicago, IL (United States))
Solar passive ceiling system. Final report. [Passive solar heating system with venetian blind reflectors and latent heat storage in ceiling
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The construction of a 1200 square foot building, with full basement, built to be used as a branch library in a rural area is described. The primary heating source is a passive solar system consisting of a south facing window system. The system consists of: a set of windows located in the south facing wall only, composed of double glazed units; a set of reflectors mounted in each window which reflects sunlight up to the ceiling (the reflectors are similar to venetian blinds); a storage area in the ceiling which absorbs the heat from the reflected sunlight and stores it in foil salt pouches laid in the ceiling; and an automated curtain which automatically covers and uncovers the south facing window system. The system is totally passive and uses no blowers, pumps or other active types of heat distribution equipment. The building contains a basement which is normally not heated, and the north facing wall is bermed four feet high around the north side.
Schneider, A.R.
Sound maintenance practices protect fan investments
Since underground coal miners depend on axial fans, lack of maintenance could prove costly. A number of pre-emptive actions that can help keep fans running at optimal performance can also be taken. 2 photos.
Bauer, M.
design and modiftcation. Spe cial blading and fan construction for use under corrosive conditions this will be kept fairly constant by air or water cooling during noral op eration. Since the fan will be designed. Volume control on a single inlet fan can be accomplished with a variable inlet #12;vane, designed
Columbia University
An integral model for turbulent flame radial lengths under a ceiling.
?? An analytical study using an integral model for turbulent flame radial lengths under a ceiling is presented. Dimensionless equations give results in terms of� (more)
Ding, Haiwen
Performance Analysis of Dual-Fan, Dual-Duct Constant Volume Air-Handling Units
Dual-fan, dual-duct air-handling units introduce outside air directly into the cooling duct and use two variable speed devices to independently maintain the static pressure of the hot and the cold air ducts. Analytical models have been developed to compare fan power and thermal energy consumption of dualfan, dual-duct constant volume air-handling units with single-fan, dual-duct constant volume airhandling units. This study shows that the dual-fan, dual-duct system uses less fan power and less thermal energy during winter, and uses more thermal energy during summer. Thermal energy performance can be significantly improved if the thermal energy penalty can be decreased or eliminated.
Joo, I. S.; Liu, M.
Knowing fans, knowing music : an exploration of fan interaction on Twitter
know many local Ritter fans yet� 26 She responded about aI see you're a Buffy fanare you also a Browncoat? : )�The term Browncoats refers to fans of the short-lived sci-fi
McCollum, Nick
Active Noise Control of a Radial Fan.
??This thesis work aims at investigating the use of an active noise control (ANC) system on a radial fan. This was done by studying the� (more)
Murthy, Muddala
Submitting Organization Hongyou Fan Sandia National Laboratories
&24; 2007 R&D 100 Award Entry Form &24; Submitting Organization Hongyou Fan Sandia National Laboratories Advanced Materials Laboratory 1001 University Boulevard SE Albuquerque, NM...
Advanced Energy-Efficient Filtration: Fan Filter Unit
Efficient Fan- Filter Units, Proceedings of SEMI TechnicalFor Evaluating Fan-Filter Unit Performance � Applications inPerformance of Fan-Filter Units, Version 1.2 (2004, public
Cleanrooms: Energy Efficient Fan- Filter Units, ProceedingsStandard Method For Evaluating Fan-Filter Unit Performance �Energy Performance of Fan-Filter Units, Version 1.2 (2004,
Best Practice for Energy Efficient Cleanrooms: Fan-Filter Units
control F iltra ti on ? Fan Efficiency ? Right Sizing ?Energy Performance of Fan-Filte r Units, Version 1.3 (2005),RP36.1 (Draft). Testing Fan-Filter Units. Draft Recommended
Estimate of Technical Potential for Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards in 13 Major World Economies
exchangers, improved fan blade design and motor efficiency,blade design), which is used in most efficient ceiling fansfans. Sathaye (2012) found that efficient blade design can
Letschert, Virginie
Nakul Sathaye Clear All Filters 2013 Sathaye, Nakul, Amol Phadke, Nihar Shah, and Virginie E. Letschert. Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency...
Nihar Shah, and Virginie E. Letschert. Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency., 2013. Park, Won Young, Amol Phadke, and Nihar Shah. "Efficiency...
Root-Cause Failure Analysis: Fossil-Fired Power Plant Draft Fans
This report describes the collection and analysis of fan-related outage data for 61 large fossil fuel steam power plants. The outage causes are ranked in terms of their impact on production, and a systematic search for generic root causes is described. Recommendations are made for short-term corrective measures and for longer-term research efforts to significantly improve fan system reliability.
Operation and Maintenance Guidelines for Draft Fans
The reliability, efficiency, and safety of draft fans in fossil fuel power plants depend on effective operating and maintenance practices. These guidelines systematically present state-of-the-art techniques that utility personnel can use in operation, maintenance, troubleshooting, inspection, and weld repair of major fan components and auxiliary systems.
The Effect of Inlet Flow Profile Distortion on Fan Performance
Performance tests on fans for utility and industrial applications are based on codes that expect a relatively uniform velocity profile at the fan inlet. Unfortunately, when fans scaled up from the ideal model fans are installed in actual utility and industrial applications, non-uniform or distorted flow patterns often occur at the inlet of the fan. This project sought to determine and, if possible, quantify the effect on fan performance of distorted inlet flow profiles. A second goal was to determine whe...
Fan-fold shielded electrical leads
Disclosed are fan-folded electrical leads made from copper cladded Kapton, for example, with the copper cladding on one side serving as a ground plane and the copper cladding on the other side being etched to form the leads. The Kapton is fan folded with the leads located at the bottom of the fan-folds. Electrical connections are made by partially opening the folds of the fan and soldering, for example, the connections directly to the ground plane and/or the lead. The fan folded arrangement produces a number of advantages, such as electrically shielding the leads from the environment, is totally non-magnetic, and has a very low thermal conductivity, while being easy to fabricate. 3 figs.
Rohatgi, R.R.; Cowan, T.E.
Fan-folded electrical leads made from copper cladded Kapton, for example, with the copper cladding on one side serving as a ground plane and the copper cladding on the other side being etched to form the leads. The Kapton is fan folded with the leads located at the bottom of the fan-folds. Electrical connections are made by partially opening the folds of the fan and soldering, for example, the connections directly to the ground plane and/or the lead. The fan folded arrangement produces a number of advantages, such as electrically shielding the leads from the environment, is totally non-magnetic, and has a very low thermal conductivity, while being easy to fabricate.
Rohatgi, Rajeev R. (Mountain View, CA); Cowan, Thomas E. (Livermore, CA)
Characterization of air recirculation in multiple fan ventilation systems.
??Booster fans, large underground fans, can increase the volumetric efficiency of ventilation systems by helping to balance the pressure and quantity distribution throughout a mine,� (more)
Wempen, Jessica Michelle
An Automated, Observations-Based System for Short-Term Prediction of Ceiling and Visibility
Several methods of generating very short term (0�6 h) probabilistic forecasts of ceiling and visibility are investigated: 1) an observations-based (OBS-based) system in which potential predictors consist of weather observations from a network of ...
Robert L. Vislocky; J. Michael Fritsch
Aircraft Icing Environment in Low Ceiling Conditions near Washington, D.C.
Radiosonde temperature and humidity data were used to deduce the vertical distribution of clouds and aircraft icing conditions near Washington, D.C. when low ceilings occurred with surface temperatures near freezing. Twenty-three soundings from ...
Nathaniel B. Guttman; Richard K. Jeck
A Fuzzy Logic�Based Analog Forecasting System for Ceiling and Visibility
WIND-3 is an application for aviation weather forecasting that uses the analog method to produce deterministic predictions of cloud ceiling height and horizontal visibility at airports. For data, it uses historical and current airport ...
Bjarne Hansen
Cloud Signals from Lidar and Rotating Beam Ceilometer Compared with Pilot Ceiling
Cloud signals from a vertically pointing, range-corrected ruby lidar and a rotating beam ceilometer showed excellent agreement in the height at which peak signal occurred. However, pilot reports of ceiling were at significantly lower altitude ...
W. L. Eberhard
Short-Term Probabilistic Forecasts of Ceiling and Visibility Utilizing High-Density Surface Weather Observations
An automated statistical system that utilizes regional high-density surface observations to forecast low ceiling and visibility events in the upper Midwest is presented. The system is based solely upon surface observations as predictors, ...
Stephen M. Leyton; J. Michael Fritsch
between the cooling effect (measured with a thermal manikin)output is the body cooling effect [5]. Thermal manikins withThermal manikins can be used to measure the fan cooling
Advanced Manufacturing Office: Training: Fan Systems
the tool and presents the basics-and the benefits-of using it to target opportunities for energy savings in your plant. Fan System Assessment - self-paced workshop Availability:...
Laugh out loud in real life : women's humor and fan identity; Women's humor and fan identity.
??The emerging field of fan studies has, until recently, been defined only by the research that has taken place within it. Almost universally, this research� (more)
Klink, Madeline LeNore
Fanning the Flames of Romance: An Exploration of Fan Fiction and the Romance Novel.
??Fan fiction and romance novels constitute two bodies of romantic literature being produced for and by women within dramatically different environments. The purpose of this� (more)
Morrissey, Katherine
Fan System Assessment - End User Training | Department of Energy
Fan System Assessment - End User Training Fan System Assessment - End User Training Fan System Assessment - End User Training December 18, 2013 7:30AM to 4:30PM EST Boise, Idaho Optimizing industrial fan systems can take on many forms, but any fan optimization project must meet the needs of the process. This self-paced workshop highlights the benefits of fan system optimization and examines fan system performance characteristics and practical issues concerning measurement data. The session introduces the FSAT software. This powerful analysis software helps you quantify the potential benefits of configuring fan systems for optimal performance, calculate the amount of energy use by your fan system, and estimate fan system efficiency. Learn how the software works, what data is required for FSAT, and how to interpret assessment
Cooling with a Whole House Fan | Department of Energy
Cooling with a Whole House Fan Cooling with a Whole House Fan Cooling with a Whole House Fan May 30, 2012 - 6:54pm Addthis Whole house fan installed as part of a home retrofit project in California. | Photo courtesy of Lieko Earle, NREL. Whole house fan installed as part of a home retrofit project in California. | Photo courtesy of Lieko Earle, NREL. What does this mean for me? A whole-house fan may be sufficient to cool your house, at least for part of the year. In many climates, a whole-house fan can save you money and maintain comfort during the cooling season. How does it work? A whole-house fan works by pulling air in through windows and exhausting it through the attic and roof. Whole house cooling using a whole house fan can substitute for an air conditioner most of the year in most climates. Whole house fans combined
Channel complex architecture of fine-grained submarine fans at the base-of-slope
The fan-valley or upper fan channel connects the submarine canyon on the outer shelf-upper slope to the basin proper. It is an erosionally-formed channel that is a conduit for sediment transported to the basin. The valley may widen where it enters the base-of-slope area. Most of the density flows are much smaller than the initial flow and therefore will not occupy the entire width of the upper fan channel. Smaller individual channels will be constructed resulting in a massive fill comprised of amalgamated sandstones. Sand-rich levees and overbank deposits flank each channel. Channel switching may take place toward locations with a slightly steeper gradient. These switches most likely result from irregular flow successions and different flow sizes. Erosion between successive channels is common, removing part of the channel fill and levee-overbank deposits. This results in a disorderly distribution of low-permeability barriers creating local obstruction to connectivity. A study of the sedimentological architecture of the updip mid-fan channel complex was conducted on cliff sections of the Permian Tanqua Karoo subbasin in South Africa, and in Big Rock Quarry in North Little Rock, Arkansas. Seismic records of the base-of-slope of the Mississippi Fan show a widening pattern, and of the Bryant Canyon Fan Complex south of the Sigsbee Escarpment the channel complexity. Integration of seismic data in outcrop observations improves our understanding of the complexity of many good reservoir sands, typically overlain by slope shales.
Bouma, A.H. [Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States); Gwang, H. [Kunsan National Univ. (Korea, Democratic People`s Republic of); Van Antwerepen, O. [Univ. of Port Elizabeth (South Africa)] [and others
An Innovative Method for Dynamic Characterization of Fan Filter Unit Operation.
Filtration: Fan filter units. Final Report, LawrencePerformance of Fan Filter Units, Version 1.3. � BerkeleyEfficient Fan filter units,� Proceedings of Semiconductor
Uranium-series comminution ages of continental sediments: Case study of a Pleistocene alluvial fan
of a stream-dominated alluvial fan, San Joaquin valley,on Quaternary fluvial fans, San Joaquin Basin, California,M. , (Eds), Alluvial Fans: Geomorphology, Sedimentology,
Lee, Victoria E.
Parametric System Curves: Correlations Between Fan Pressure Rise and Flow for Large Commercial Buildings
Filter Pressure Loss Model for Fan Energy Calculation in Air2010. �Selecting Efficient Fans�. ASHRAE Journal, Vol. 52,Equipment: Chapter 20 � Fans�. Atlanta, GA: American Society
Sherman, Max
Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating. ASHRAE. 1987.Efficient Filtration: Fan filter units. Final Report,Energy Performance of Fan Filter Units, Version 1.3. �
Coarse-clastic turbidite sedimentation : the neoproterozoic Imsdalen submarine fan complex, Hedmark Basin, South Norway.
??The Imsdalen Submarine Fan Complex is a gravel and coarse sand dominated turbidite fan system. The fan complex was deposited in the Neoproterozoic Hedmark rift� (more)
Stalsberg, Martin
Estimation of Channel Impulse Response Using Modified Ceiling Bounce Model in Non-Directed Indoor Optical Wireless Systems
In this paper a modification to the traditional Ceiling bounce model is proposed for use with non-directed indoor optical wireless systems which takes into account the transceiver separation distances as well as their actual positions while computing ... Keywords: Diffuse indoor optical systems, Indoor channel impulse response, Modified Ceiling bounce model
K. Smitha; Arumugam Sivabalan; Joseph John
Fan-less long range alpha detector
A fan-less long range alpha detector which operates by using an electrical field between a signal plane and the surface or substance to be monitored for air ions created by collisions with alpha radiation. Without a fan, the detector can operate without the possibility of spreading dust and potential contamination into the atmosphere. A guard plane between the signal plane and the electrically conductive enclosure and maintained at the same voltage as the signal plane, reduces leakage currents. The detector can easily monitor soil, or other solid or liquid surfaces.
MacArthur, Duncan W. (Los Alamos, NM); Bounds, John A. (Los Alamos, NM)
A fan-less long range alpha detector is disclosed which operates by using an electrical field between a signal plane and the surface or substance to be monitored for air ions created by collisions with alpha radiation. Without a fan, the detector can operate without the possibility of spreading dust and potential contamination into the atmosphere. A guard plane between the signal plane and the electrically conductive enclosure and maintained at the same voltage as the signal plane, reduces leakage currents. The detector can easily monitor soil, or other solid or liquid surfaces. 2 figures.
MacArthur, D.W.; Bounds, J.A.
Fan Blade Fracture in a Welded Assembly - Programmaster.org
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2013. Symposium, Failure Analysis and Prevention. Presentation Title, Fan Blade Fracture in a�...
Numerical studies on the transient behaviour of a fire plume and ceiling jet
Transient behaviour of a thermally induced fire plume and ceiling jet is predicted using the field modelling technique. In the field model, the k-@e model is used to simulate the turbulent air flow. The traditional wall-function approach is applied to ...
W.K Chow
Polaris: getting accurate indoor orientations for mobile devices using ubiquitous visual patterns on ceilings
Ubiquitous computing applications commonly use digital compass sensors to obtain orientation of a device relative to the magnetic north of the earth. However, these compass readings are always prone to significant errors in indoor environments due to ... Keywords: ceiling pictures, digital compass, orientation
Zheng Sun; Aveek Purohit; Shijia Pan; Frank Mokaya; Raja Bose; Pei Zhang
Laboratory evaluation of fan/filter units' aerodynamic and energy performance
such as motor types, fan wheels, design, and orientations ofventilation system design, testing of fans and ventilation
Xu, Tengfang; Jeng, Ming-Shan
Imbalance of CPU temperatures in a blade system and its impact for power consumption of fans
We are now developing a new metric of data center power efficiency to fairly evaluate the contribution of each improvement for power efficiency. In order to develop it, we built a testbed of a data center and measured power consumption of each components ... Keywords: CPU temperature, Data center, Fan speed, Power consumption, Power efficiency
Yuetsu Kodama; Satoshi Itoh; Toshiyuki Shimizu; Satoshi Sekiguchi; Hiroshi Nakamura; Naohiko Mori
Evaluation of ASD Systems for Electric Arc Furnace and Argon Oxygen Decarburization Refiner Baghouse Fans
An adjustable speed drive (ASD) offers opportunities to operate dust collection fans in a more energy efficient manner. This report focuses on the system requirements and provides a method for successfully applying ASDs to dust extraction baghouse systems in a steel melting and refining application in order to realize full energy savings and operational improvements.
TR-034 Geomorphology March 2006 Coastal fan destabilization
the watershed boundary). 3.0 STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To evaluate fans from a broad range of coastal conditionsTR-034 Geomorphology March 2006 Coastal fan destabilization and forest management by T.H. Millard Columbia V9L 1V2 Citation: Millard, T.H., D.J. Wilford and M.E. Oden. 2006. Coastal fan destabilization
Recent Sediments of the Monterey Deep-Sea Fan
T Or THE MONTEREV DEEP SEA FAN PLAlE Conpl1.d and ren1our.dO F THE MONTEREY DEEP- SEA FAN by P a t Wilde Berkeley,of segmented alluvial fans in w e s t e r n F r e s n o
Wilde, Pat
High Efficiency Fans and High Efficiency Electrical Motors
Replacing nominal efficient electrical motors with premium efficiency can save on electrical power costs in cotton gins. Connected horsepower load on industrial air fans is approximately 60% of the total horsepower in a typical cotton gin. By replacing old inefficient centrifugal fans with new higher efficiency fans, additional power savings can be achieved.
Breedlove, C. W.
Data Linking with Ontology Alignment Zhengjie Fan
Data Linking with Ontology Alignment Zhengjie Fan INRIA & LIG 655, avenue de l'Europe, Montbonnot data on the web, so that users can share information semantically. Then, linking isolated data sets to to be compared, so that it enhances the accuracy of the linking process. I propose a data linking method
Lattice congruences, fans and Hopf algebras
We give a unified explanation of the geometric and algebraic properties of two well-known maps, one from permutations to triangulations, and another from permutations to subsets. Furthermore we give a broad generalization of the maps. Specifically for ... Keywords: Malvenuto-Reutenauer Hopf algebra, coexter group, fan poset, hyperplane arrangement, pattern avoidance, permutohedron, poset of regions, weak order
Nathan Reading
Modeling of Electronically Commutated Motor Controlled Fan-powered Terminal Units
Empirical models of airflow and power consumption were developed for series and parallel variable air volume fan powered terminal units (FPTUs). An experimental setup and test procedure were developed to test the terminal units over typical operating ranges. The terminal units in this study used either an 8 in. (20.32 cm) or a 12 in. (30.48 cm) primary air inlet. All terminal units utilized electronically commutated motor (ECM) controllers. Data collected were compared against previous data collected for silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) units. Generalized models were developed for both series and parallel units, and compared against models developed for SCR units. In addition to the performance modeling, power factor and power quality data were also collected for each terminal unit. The power quality analysis included recording and analyzing harmonic distortion for current, voltage, and power up to the 25th harmonic. The total harmonic distortion (THD) was also recorded and presented. For the series terminal units, models were developed for fan airflow, fan power, and primary airflow. The models for fan airflow all had R2 values above 0.987. The models for fan power all had R2 values above 0.968. The models for primary airflow all had R2 values above 0.895. For the parallel terminal units, models were developed for leakage, fan airflow, fan power, and primary airflow. All of the leakage models had R2 values above 0.826. All of the fan airflow models had R2 values above 0.955. All of the fan power models had R2 values above 0.922. All of the primary airflow models had R2 values above 0.872. The real power THD was below 1.5 percent for both series and parallel FPTUs. The current THD ranged from 84 percent to 172 percent for series FPTUs and from 83 percent to 183 percent for parallel FPTUs. The voltage THD was below 1.4 percent for both series and parallel FPTUs. The performance models developed will help improve the accuracy of building energy simulation programs for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems utilizing ECM controlled FPTUs. Increasing the accuracy of these simulations will allow HVAC system designers to better optimize their designs for specific building types in a wide variety of climates.
Edmondson, Jacob Lee
Analysing International Sports Fan Motivations and Constraints: The Case of Japanese International Sports Fan Tourists and Rugby World Cup Fan Tourists.
??The scale of professional sports leagues and mega sports events has expanded recently. Many sports fans travel to foreign countries to watch international events featuring� (more)
Nishio, Tatsuru
HVAC Fans and Dampers Maintenance Guide
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems serve an important function in nuclear power plants because these systems are responsible for maintaining many environmental conditions throughout the facility. Failure of these components can induce undesirable radiological conditions and stressful working conditions, and can compromise the life of qualified equipment. Some HVAC fan and damper failures are preventable by monitoring operating parameters and performing recommended maintenance activ...
Nonlinear fan instability of electromagnetic waves
This paper studies the linear and nonlinear stages of the fan instability, considering electromagnetic waves of the whistler frequency range interacting resonantly with energetic electron fluxes in magnetized plasmas. The main attention is paid to determine the wave-particle interaction processes that can lead to the excitation of intense electromagnetic waves by nonequilibrium particle distributions involving suprathermal tails, and to explain under what conditions and through what mechanisms they can occur, develop, and saturate. This paper presents and discusses two main processes: (i) the linear fan instability and (ii) the nonlinear process of dynamical resonance merging, which can significantly amplify the energy carried by linearly destabilized waves after they saturate due to particle trapping. This study consists of (i) determining analytically and numerically, for parameters typical of space and laboratory plasmas, the linear growth rates of whistlers excited by suprathermal particle fluxes through the fan instability, as well as the corresponding thresholds and the physical conditions at which the instability can appear, (ii) building a theoretical self-consistent 3D model and a related numerical code for describing the nonlinear evolution of the wave-particle system, and (iii) performing numerical simulations to reveal and characterize the nonlinear amplification process at work, its conditions of development, and its consequences, notably in terms of electromagnetic wave radiation. The simulations show that when the waves have reached sufficient energy levels owing to the linear fan instability, they saturate by trapping particles and due to the complex dynamics of these particles in the electromagnetic fields, the resonant velocities' domains of the waves overlap and merge, meanwhile a strong increase of the wave energy occurs.
Krafft, C. [Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex (France) and University Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France); Volokitin, A. [Space Research Institute (IKI), 117997, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow (Russian Federation)
Mass and fans in attached sunspaces
The effect of thermal storage mass on the performance of an attached sunspace is investigated for a particular design in Boston. Mass in the sunspace and in the adjoining building are compared. Performance is evaluated in terms of temperature conditions in the sunspace and delivery of useful solar heat to the adjoining building. The dependence of the results on the manner of heat delivery is studied. Both natural convection and fan-forced air flow are included.
Jones, R.W.; McFarland, R.D.; Lazarus, G.S.
Nonhydrostatic, Mesobeta-Scale Model Simulations of Cloud Ceiling and Visibility for an East Coast Winter Precipitation Event
Experiments are described that provide an example of the baseline skill level for the numerical prediction of cloud ceiling and visibility, where application to aviation-system safety and efficiency is emphasized. Model simulations of a light, ...
Mark T. Stoelinga; Thomas T. Warner
Use of fan rig data for the understanding and prediction of fan broadband noise and noise changes due to a variable area nozzle.
??This thesis presents the results of the research component of this EngD, entitled Use of fan rig data for the understanding and prediction of fan� (more)
Deane, Eugene Pio
An Aerodynamic Design Technique For Optimizing Fan Blade Spacing
INTRODUCTION Aerodynamic shape optimization involves designing the most efficient shapes of bodies that move through fluids. An optimization algorithm perturbs the shape of an airfoil until it finds the shape which best exhibits a given design objective. For an inverse design technique, this objective is a prescribed aerodynamic distribution, usually the surface pressure distribution. Liebeck pressure distributions [1], for example, have been demonstrated to generate airfoils with high lift to drag ratios. When designing fans, consideration must be given not only to the shape of the fan blades, but also to the distance separating the fan blades. This spacing is defined by the pitch/chord ratio t/l, where the pitch, t, is the distance between fan blades, and the chord, l, is the length of each fan blade. In this work, an inverse algorithm is developed, then used to design fan blade shapes and to find the optimal blade spacing. T. Rogalsky; R.W. Derksen; Rt N; Rt N; S. Kocabiyik 1999-01-01T23:59:59.000Z
T. Rogalsky; R.W. Derksen; Rt N; Rt N; S. Kocabiyik
Development of In-Situ Fan Curve Measurement with One Airflow Measurement
Fan airflow is the key parameter for air volume tracking control in variable air volume systems. One of the airflow measurement methods is to determine airflow using the fan speed, fan head, and fan curve. Both fan speed and fan head can be measured accurately. Therefore, the accuracy of the fan airflow depends on the accuracy of the fan curve. An experimental method has been developed to determine the in-situ fan curve with only one airflow measurement. This paper presents the theoretical background, experimental procedures, and verification results.
Liu, G.; Joo, I. S.; Song, L.; Liu, M.
Stratigraphic evolution and characteristics of lobes : a high-resolution study of Fan 3, Tanqua Karoo, South Africa.
??Fan 3 is one of four basin-floor fans that form part of the Tanqua Karoo Fan Complex in South Africa. It can be subdivided into� (more)
Neethling, J. M.
Effect of baselevel change on floodplain and fan sediment storage and ephemeral tributary channel morphology, Navarro River, California
CHANGE ON FLOODPLAIN AND FAN SEDIMENT STORAGE AND EPHEMERALaffects floodplain and fan sediment storage and smalllowered baselevel on floodplain and fan sediment storage and
Florsheim, Joan L; Mount, Jeffrey F.; Rutten, Luke T.
Field Study of Exhaust Fans for Mitigating Indoor Air Quality Problems: Final Report to Bonneville Power Administration
Using Mechanical Ventilation Exhaust Fans Air-to-Air Heatexpected from exhaust fan A-I Infiltration contribution toIndoor Air Quality -- Exhaust Fan Mitigation" Final Report
Grimsrud, David T.
Active control of fan noise and vortex shedding.
??[Truncated abstract] The subject of fan noise generating mechanisms and its control has been studied intensively over the past few decades as a result of� (more)
Wong, Yee-Jun
Optimization of Active Noise Control for Small Axial Cooling Fans.
??Previous work has shown that active noise control is a feasible solution to attenuate tonal noise radiated by small axial cooling fans, such as those� (more)
Monson, Brian B 1979-
Supply Fan Control for Constant Air Volume Air Handling Units
Since terminal boxes do not have a modulation damper in constant volume (CV) air handling unit (AHU) systems, zone reheat coils have to be modulated to maintain the space temperature with constant supply airflow. This conventional control sequence causes a significant amount of reheat and constant fan power under partial load conditions. Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) can be installed on these constant air volume systems. The fan speed can be modulated based on the maximum zone load. This paper present the procedure to control the supply fan speed and analyzes the thermal performance and major fan energy and thermal energy savings without expensive VAV retrofit through the actual system operation.
Cho, Y.; Wang, G.; Liu, M.
Water-side Economizer for Non-Fan Cooling Systems
changes to the commercial provisions of the 2012 IECC: Water-side Economizer for Non-Fan Cooling Systems R Hart Pacific Northwest National Laboratory January 2013 Proposal...
Cooling Tower Fan Motor Power Optimization Study
Cooling towers are in use at more than 200 major electric generating plants in the United States, representing approximately 800 units and a total of more than 210,000 MW. The auxiliary power consumed by cooling tower fan motors can significantly reduce the net power output of steam-cycle power plants. Cooling tower specifications are established by the economic and operational requirements of maximum unit load and the most demanding environmental conditions expected in the tower�s locale. Since power pl...
Standard Methods of Characterizing Performance of Fan Filter Units, Version 3.0
power input to operate the FFU at certain airflow conditions, including fan motor, controller, and transformerpower supply to the fan motor, speed control and display device, transformer,power demand shall include fan motor, speed control and display device, transformer,
power for fan motor, controller, and accessories such as transformerpower demand shall include fan motor, speed control and display device, transformer,power demand shall include the fan, frequency drive motor, speed control device, transformer
that is affected by fan-wheel design, air-path and size,by- 4-ft) fan filter units with various design, operation,differential � the design and control schemes of fan filter
Development of a Fan-Filter Unit Test Standard, Laboratory Validations, and its Applications across Industries
Energy Performance of Fan-Filter Units, Version 1.3 (2005).Energy Performance of Fan-Filter Units, Version 2.0 (2006).Evaluation of Fan-filter Units� Aerodynamic and Energy
Toward green systems for cleanrooms: Energy efficient fan-filter units
M. and F. Tsau. 2002. Fan-Filter Unit (FFU) Test Procedures.Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating, Air MovementTest Procedure For Fan-Filter Units (not published). [6] Xu,
Jeng, Ming-Shan; Xu, Tengfang; Lan, Chao-Ho
Energy Performance of Fan-Filter Units, Version 1.3 (2005).Energy Performance of Fan-Filter Units, Version 2.0 (2006).Laboratory Evaluation of Fan-filter Units� Aerodynamic and
Jeng, M.S. , F. Tsau. 2002. Fan-Filter Unit (FFU) TestLaboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Rating, Air MovementTest Procedure For Fan-Filter Units (not published). Xu,
Efficient Filtration: Fan-filter Units. Final Report,Xu. 2007. �The Development of Fan Filter Unit with Flow Rate2007. �Performance of Large Fan Filter Units for Cleanroom
�Starring� Madhuri as Durga: The Madhuri Dixit Temple and Performative Fan-Bhakti of Pappu Sardar
Devotion and Defiance in Fan Activity. � In Ravi Vasudevan,Temple and Performative Fan-Bhakti of Pappu Sardar / 415Temple and Performative Fan-Bhakti of Pappu Sardar Shalini
Kakar, Shalini
Residential Energy Consumption Survey - U.S. Energy Information ...
WINDOW OR CEILING FAN BLACK AND WHITE TELEVISION SET COLOR TELEVISION SET IF "YES" FOR WINDOW OR CEILING FAN, ASK: 89. How many window or ceiling fans do you use here
Fan System Effects: How Fan Ductwork Design Impacts Overall System Efficiency and What the Approach Should be for Optimization
"In order to establish the aerodynamic performance characteristics of a custom fan or even a line of fans, the accepted practice of the industry is to carry out testing on a scale model in a laboratory to develop its fan performance curve. Then by applying affinity laws in conjunction with very specific rules that address scaling issues, the performance characteristics of geometrically similar fans can be predicted. These affinity laws (frequently referred to as fan laws) also allow the performance of fans operating at different speeds or handling gases at different density values to be accurately predicted. However, it is often found that even fans with well defined and pedigreed performance curves are unable to meet their performance expectations once they are installed on the systems for which they have been sold. This is primarily due to the adverse aerodynamic impact of the inlet or outlet connections on the performance capacity of the fan and thus on the overall system efficiency. The general term for design conditions at inlets or outlets of fans that cause deficient aerodynamic performance is �system effects�. The characteristics of fan system effects are that they reduce fan capacity and are both velocity and geometry dependent. On the inlet side of a fan, this generally characterizes itself by a flow pattern that is highly non?uniform. On the discharge side, the high and low velocity flow streams leaving the fan may simply be prevented from redeveloping a uniform flow profile and normal static pressure conversion before encountering a disturbance. The term can also apply to system elements such as silencers, elbows and transitions. For these components, the actual pressure drop across them may be significantly higher than their calculated or rated values if the velocity profile of the entering flow is skewed or non?uniform. For either case (fan connection or system component), the result is that additional power will be required to address the flow rate required by the system. In many instances, system designers are simply unfamiliar with the importance of understanding system effects as it pertains to new fan selections and the attendant power requirements. At a minimum, a reasonable approach for new fan projects should be to establish the theoretical system effect of connection designs by using a recognized document such as Air Movement and Control Association Publication 201. The objective should be to first minimize their impact through appropriate connection design modifications in conjunction with potential fan inlet and outlet re?orientation. Once the system effects are minimized, the residual value should be applied to the fan performance specification in order to ensure that the fan is selected for the required aerodynamic capacity. For system components, an approach that has proved to be of significant value is to predict the flow pattern using computation fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling tools and in this process, the design can be tweaked until the designer finds the overall pressure drops of a system are minimized to the greatest practical extent. Similarly, CFD can be used to predict the flow profile at a fan inlet to ensure that it is as uniform as practically possible. This paper reviews the concept of system effects from the perspective of fan power requirements and provides a methodology for approaching system design from the perspective of optimizing fan energy use while achieving the required system capacity."
Martin, V.
Fan-speed-aware scheduling of data intensive jobs
As server processor power densities increase, the cost of air cooling also grows resulting from higher fan speeds. Our measurements show that vibrations induced by fans in high-end servers and its rack neighbors cause a dramatic drop in hard disk bandwidth, ... Keywords: cooling, disk i/o, energy, thermal, vibration
Christine S. Chan; Yanqin Jin; Yen-Kuan Wu; Kenny Gross; Kalyan Vaidyanathan; Tajana `imuni Rosing
Choosing the right boiler air fans at Weston 4
When it came to choosing the three 'big' boiler air fans - forced draft, induced draft and primary air, the decision revolved around efficiency. The decision making process for fan selection for the Western 4 supercritical coal-fired plant is described in this article. 3 photos.
Spring, N.
Control system for heat exchangers fans in a refrigeration system
The paper presents a method for controlling evaporator and condenser fans in a refrigeration system. The refrigeration system includes a refrigerant circuit defined by a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator. The system includes ... Keywords: controlling, fan, refrigeration system, variable frequency drive unit
Cristian Iosifescu; Valeriu Damian; C?lin Ciufudean
Design and Specification Guidelines for Large Draft Fans and Systems
Design shortcomings in draft fans and related air-gas systems can cause fan failure and costly outages of large fossil fuel power plants. These guidelines will help engineers and manufacturers achieve a better understanding of the design features needed to minimize such failures.
Condition Monitoring of Fans With Rolling Element Bearings
Data on high-frequency vibration caused by the impacts of bearing pits and spalls can help utilities schedule equipment maintenance. One data collection technique, developed through long-term monitoring of combustion air axial fans at the Pennsylvania Electric Company Homer City station, helps plant personnel anticipate failures of draft fan antifriction bearings by several months.
Fan Foundation Systems--Analysis and Design Guidelines
Dynamic analysis is the most effective tool for determining the root causes of excessive fan vibration. This study demonstrated the importance of using such analysis in conjunction with a "total systems" approach that considers how the properties of all major fan system components, including foundation, piles, and soil conditions, contribute to vibration.
Hot Air Stratification of Ceiling Air Supply in a Large Space Building
The effects of different states of air supply and airflow patterns on temperature gradient distribution are calculated and analyzed with the help of FFSV3.0 software, using the LB models and LES and RANS methods. An experimental study with upper supply and upper return air flow was performed in normal airflow room. The results were compared with numerical simulation results and were found to agree well. Information on delaminating laws, and measurements of the relationship of delaminating heights and air supply temperature and velocity is also presented. According to the simulation results, a formula that avoids hot air delaminating in ceiling air supply is derived, which can guide engineering design.
Wang, H.; Wang, Z.; Liu, C.
Method for fabricating fan-fold shielded electrical leads
Fan-folded electrical leads made from copper cladded Kapton, for example, with the copper cladding on one side serving as a ground plane and the copper cladding on the other side being etched to form the leads. The Kapton is fan folded with the leads located at the bottom of the fan-folds. Electrical connections are made by partially opening the folds of the fan and soldering, for example, the connections directly to the ground plane and/or the lead. The fan folded arrangement produces a number of advantages, such as electrically shielding the leads from the environment, is totally non-magnetic, and has a very low thermal conductivity, while being easy to fabricate. 3 figures.
Feedback Applications in Active Noise Control for Small Axial Cooling Fans.
??Feedback active noise control (ANC) has been applied as a means of attenuating broadband noise from a small axial cooling fan. Such fans are used� (more)
Green, Matthew J 1978-
The effect of fan and heat sink design on heat removal from microprocessor chips.
??Air flow and heat removal characteristics for fan/heat sink designs used to cool Pentium class processors were analyzed. Five designs were tested for fan speed,� (more)
Baltrip, Kedra G
Aerodynamic Experiments on a Ducted Fan in Hover and Edgewise Flight.
??Ducted fans and ducted rotors have been integrated into a wide range of aerospace vehicles, including manned and unmanned systems. Ducted fans offer many potential� (more)
Myers, Leighton
Exact solutions to combinatorial optimizations and the traveling baseball fan problem.
?? The traveling baseball fan problem is an extension of the classic traveling salesman problem, in which a sports fan wishes to travel to the� (more)
Terrell, Neal D.
Il fenomeno dei fan nel mercato della musica. Analisi netnografica dei seguaci italiani di Bruce Springsteen.
??Lo studio ha ad oggetto la comunit� dei fan italiani di Bruce Springsteen. Dopo aver analizzato la letteratura e descritto il fenomeno dei fan e� (more)
Gallo, Sara
Review: The Dragon & The Elephant: Agricultural and Rural Reforms in China and India edited by Ashok Gulati and Shenggen Fan
Ashok Gulati and Shenggen Fan (Eds. ) Reviewed by VarinderIndia Gulati, Ashok and Fan, Shenggen (Eds. ). The Dragon &
Jain, Varinder
2007 R&D 100 Award Entry Form Submitting Organization Hongyou Fan Sandia National Laboratories Advanced Materials Laboratory 1001 University Boulevard SE Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA 505-272-7128 (phone) 505-272-7336 (fax) email@example.com AFFIRMATION: I affirm that all information submitted as a part of, or supplemental to, this entry is a fair and accurate represen- tation of this product. Submitter's signature_______________________________ Earl Stromberg Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Mail Zone 2893 PO Box 748 Fort Worth, TX 76101, USA 817-763-7376 (phone) 817-762-6911 (fax) firstname.lastname@example.com Self-Assembling Process for Fabricating Tailored Thin Films This simple, economical nanotechnology coating process enables the development of nanoparticle thin films
The Fan Observatory Bench Optical Spectrograph (FOBOS)
The Fan Observatory Bench Optical Spectrograph (FOBOS) is intended for single-object optical spectroscopy at moderate resolution (R~1500-3000) using a fiber-fed, bench-mounted design to maintain stability. Whenever possible, the instrument uses off-the-shelf components to maintain a modest cost. FOBOS supports Galactic astronomy projects that require consistently well-measured (~5 km/sec) radial velocities for large numbers of broadly distributed and relatively bright (Vdesign was optimized for use in the range 470-670 nm. Test data indicate that the instrument is stable and capable of measuring radial velocities with precision better than 3 km/sec at a resolution of R~1500 with minimal calibration overhead.
Jeffrey D. Crane; Steven R. Majewski; Richard J. Patterson; Michael F. Skrutskie; Elena Y. Adams; Peter M. Frinchaboy
Flow and heat transfer due to a buoyant ceiling jet turning downward at a corner
An experimental investigation has been carried out on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a horizontal buoyant ceiling jet that turns downward at a corner to yield a vertical negatively buoyant wall flow. In this study, a two-dimensional jet of heated air is discharged adjacent to the lower surface of an isothermal horizontal plate. An isothermal vertical plate is attached at the other end of the horizontal surface, making a right angle corner. The vertical penetration distance of the resulting downward flow is measured and is related to the inflow conditions, particularly to the temperature and velocity at the jet discharge. This penetration distance is found to increase as the distance between the discharge location and the corner is reduced and also as the relative buoyancy level in the inlet flow is decreased. Velocity and temperature measurements are also carried out over the flow region. These indicate that the ceiling flow separates from the horizontal surface just before reaching the corner and then reattaches itself to the vertical wall at a finite distance vertically below the corner. The local surface heat flux measurements show a minimum in the heat transfer rate before the turn, along with a recovery in the heat transfer rate after the turn and the existence of a small recirculation zone near the corner. The net entrainment into the flow and heat transfer rate to the solid boundaries are also measured and correlated with the jet discharge conditions. 22 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.
Kapoor, K.; Jaluria, Y. [Rutgers - State Univ. of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (United States)
Royal Pacific: Order (2013-SE-33004) | Department of Energy
various basic models of medium base compact fluorescent lamps, ceiling fans, ceiling fan light kits, and illuminated exit signs comply with the applicable energy conservation...
Particle trajectories and acceleration during 3D fan reconnection
Context. The primary energy release in solar flares is almost certainly due to magnetic reconnection, making this a strong candidate as a mechanism for particle acceleration. While particle acceleration in 2D geometries has been widely studied, investigations in 3D are a recent development. Two main classes of reconnection regimes at a 3D magnetic null point have been identified: fan and spine reconnection Aims. Here we investigate particle trajectories and acceleration during reconnection at a 3D null point, using a test particle numerical code, and compare the efficiency of the fan and spine regimes in generating an energetic particle population. Methods. We calculated the time evolution of the energy spectra. We discuss the geometry of particle escape from the two configurations and characterise the trapped and escaped populations. Results. We find that fan reconnection is less efficent than spine reconnection in providing seed particles to the region of strong electric field where acceleration is possible. The establishment of a steady-state spectrum requires approximately double the time in fan reconnection. The steady-state energy spectrum at intermediate energies (protons 1 keV to 0.1 MeV) is comparable in the fan and spine regimes. While in spine reconnection particle escape takes place in two symmetric jets along the spine, in fan reconnection no jets are produced and particles escape in the fan plane, in a ribbon-like structure.
S. Dalla; P. K. Browning
Improved Improved cache performance in Monte Carlo transport calculations using energy banding A. Siegel a , K. Smith b , K. Felker c,∗ , P . Romano b , B. Forget b , P . Beckman c a Argonne National Laboratory, Theory and Computing Sciences and Nuclear Engineering Division b Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering c Argonne National Laboratory, Theory and Computing Sciences Abstract We present an energy banding algorithm for Monte Carlo (MC) neutral parti- cle transport simulations which depend on large cross section lookup tables. In MC codes, read-only cross section data tables are accessed frequently, ex- hibit poor locality, and are typically much too large to fit in fast memory. Thus, performance is often limited by long latencies to RAM, or by off-node communication latencies when the data footprint is very large and must be decomposed on
Property:Building/SPElectrtyUsePercCirculationFans | Open Energy
SPElectrtyUsePercCirculationFans SPElectrtyUsePercCirculationFans Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. Circulation fans Pages using the property "Building/SPElectrtyUsePercCirculationFans" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) S Sweden Building 05K0001 + 18.6715328229 + Sweden Building 05K0002 + 0.0 + Sweden Building 05K0003 + 3.84924044288 + Sweden Building 05K0004 + 13.5679722118 + Sweden Building 05K0005 + 10.115947775 + Sweden Building 05K0006 + 10.4348038368 + Sweden Building 05K0007 + 3.09034005771 + Sweden Building 05K0008 + 1.5024342653 + Sweden Building 05K0009 + 13.4365662073 + Sweden Building 05K0010 + 0.0 + Sweden Building 05K0011 + 2.75323793817 + Sweden Building 05K0012 + 15.8993705073 + Sweden Building 05K0013 + 1.11354848212 +
Property:Building/SPElectrtyUsePercFans | Open Energy Information
SPElectrtyUsePercFans SPElectrtyUsePercFans Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. Fans Pages using the property "Building/SPElectrtyUsePercFans" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) S Sweden Building 05K0001 + 7.29539104961 + Sweden Building 05K0002 + 16.7673965927 + Sweden Building 05K0003 + 27.9131959869 + Sweden Building 05K0004 + 12.2479817873 + Sweden Building 05K0005 + 29.1925346224 + Sweden Building 05K0006 + 15.8653423601 + Sweden Building 05K0007 + 12.809449974 + Sweden Building 05K0008 + 22.2979541594 + Sweden Building 05K0009 + 22.7088540206 + Sweden Building 05K0010 + 13.3738132017 + Sweden Building 05K0011 + 25.1040933765 + Sweden Building 05K0012 + 22.6542018423 + Sweden Building 05K0013 + 24.3166483485 +
Acceptance test procedure MICON software exhaust fan control modifications
This acceptance test verifies the MICON program changes for the new automatic transfer switch ATS-2 alarms, the Closed Loop Cooling isolator status, the CB-3 position alarm, and the alarms for the new emergency fan damper backup air compressor.
Searching optimal shapes for blades of a fan
A nonlinear differential equation about optimal shapes for blades of a fan. A boundary value differential problem from engineering, geometrical or physical bonds. A relation between linear profiles and constant speed along the side under flow.
Gianluca Argentini
Developing a Standard Test Method for Characterizing Fan-filter...
Developing a Standard Test Method for Characterizing Fan-filter Units Used in Industries Speaker(s): Tim Xu Date: July 21, 2008 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of...
Variable Speed Fan Retrofits for Computer Room Air Conditioners
Variable-Speed Fan Retrofits for Computer-Room Air Conditioners Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program Technology Case Study Bulletin By...
Use of VFDs on Asphalt Plant Induced Draft Fans
Studies of 10 asphalt plants in the Intermountain Region have identified average ID fan energy savings of 68% by controlling airflow using Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) on the fan motors in place of damper control (inlet or outlet). Average paybacks were 3-5 years before utility incentives. In the 10 plants evaluated, the ID fans accounted for as much as 30% of the total plant electrical consumption. In the majority of these plants the outlet dampers were typically 50%-60% closed. Fan motors ranged from 200 Hp to 500 Hp. With approximately 3,600 existing asphalt plants in operation across the United States, a large opportunity for retrofits exists. Working with manufacturers and owners, a new standard can be established for installing VFDs on all plants.
Anderson, G. R.; Case, P. L.; Lowery, J.
Crossover distributions at the edge of the rarefaction fan
We consider the weakly asymmetric limit of simple exclusion process with drift to the left, starting from step Bernoulli initial data with $\\rho_-fan. We study the fluctuations of the process observed along slopes in the fan, which are given by the Hopf--Cole solution of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation, with appropriate initial data. For slopes strictly inside the fan, the initial data is a Dirac delta function and the one point distribution functions have been computed in [Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 64 (2011) 466-537] and [Nuclear Phys. B 834 (2010) 523-542]. At the edge of the rarefaction fan, the initial data is one-sided Brownian. We obtain a new family of crossover distributions giving the exact one-point distributions of this process, which converge, as $T\
Ivan Corwin; Jeremy Quastel
A Tip Driven Fan Based on SERAPHIM Technology
SERAPHIM technology appears capable of efficiently driving a tip driven fan. If the motor is powered using an inverter and resonant circuit, the size and weight could be considerably below that of a comparable rotary electric motor.
Visualization of heat transport using dimensionless heatfunction for natural convection and conduction in an enclosure with thick solid ceiling
A conjugate conduction-(natural)convection problem is numerically studied in order to present the application of dimensionless heatfunction for entire computational domain including solid and fluid regions in an enclosure with thick solid ceiling. The ... Keywords: Conjugate heat transfer, Dimensionless heatfunction, Heat transport, Heatline, Natural convection
Moghtada Mobedi; Hakan F. Oztop
Designing Axial Flow Fan for Flow and Noise
A comprehensive finite element methodology is developed to predict the compressible flow performance of a non-symmetric 7-blade axial flow fan, and to quantify the source strength and sound pressure levels at any location in the system. The acoustic and flow performances of the fan are predicted simultaneously using a computational aero-acoustic technique combining transient flow analysis and noise propagation. The calculated sound power levels compare favorably with the measured sound power data per AMCA 300-96 code.
Subrata Roy; Phillip Cho; Fred P�ri�; International Off-highway
Calendar Year 2008 Program Benefits for ENERGY STAR Labeled Products
fans CFL Commercial dishwasher Commercial fryers Commercialwashers Residential dishwashers Residential light fixturesCeiling Fans � Commercial Dishwashers � Commercial Hot Food
Homan, GregoryK
Modelling the architecture of distal sand-rich lobe deposits : an example from Fan 2, Skoorsteenberg Formation, Tanqua Karoo, South Africa.
??Fan 2, one of five submarine fan systems of the Tanqua fan complex in the south-western Karoo Basin, South Africa, is subdivided into Lower, Middle� (more)
Steyn, Rochelle
Economic Recovery of Oil Trapped at Fan Margins Using Hig Angle Wells Multiple Hydraulic Fractures
The Yowlumne field is a giant field in the southern San Joaquin basin, Kern County, California. It is a deep (13,000 ft) waterflood operation that produces from the Miocene- aged Stevens Sand. The reservoir is interpreted as a layered, fan-shaped, prograding turbidite complex containing several lobe-shaped sand bodies that represent distinct flow units. A high ultimate recovery factor is expected, yet significant quantities of undrained oil remain at the fan margins. The fan margins are not economic to develop using vertical wells because of thinning pay, deteriorating rock quality, and depth. This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting the northeast distal fan margin through the use of a high- angle well completed with multiple hydraulic- fracture treatments. A high-angle well offers greater pay exposure than can be achieved with a vertical well. Hydraulic-fracture treatments will establish vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. The equivalent production rate and reserves of three vertical wells are anticipated at a cost of approximately two vertical wells. The near-horizontal well penetrated the Yowlumne sand; a Stevens sand equivalent, in the distal fan margin in the northeast area of the field. The well was drilled in a predominately westerly direction towards the interior of the field, in the direction of improving rock quality. Drilling and completion operations proved to be very challenging, leading to a number of adjustments to original plans. Hole conditions resulted in obtaining less core material than desired and setting intermediate casing 1200 ft too high. The 7 in. production liner stuck 1000 ft off bottom, requiring a 5 in. liner to be run the rest of the way. The cement job on the 5 in. liner resulted in a very poor bond, which precluded one of three hydraulic fracture treatments originally planned for the well. Openhole logs confirmed most expectations going into the project about basic rock properties: the formation was shaly with low porosities, and water saturations were in line with expectations, including the presence of some intervals swept out by the waterflood. High water saturations at the bottom of the well eliminated one of the originally planned hydraulic fracture treatments. Although porosities proved to be low, they were more uniform across the formation than expected. Permeabilities of the various intervals continue to be evaluated, but appear to be better than expected from the porosity log model derived in Budget Period One. The well was perforated in all pay sections behind the 5 in. liner. Production rates and phases agree nicely with log calculations, fractional flow calculations, and an analytical technique used to predict the rate performance of the well.
Laue, M.L.
Photo of the Week: Fan-tastic | Department of Energy
Fan-tastic Fan-tastic Photo of the Week: Fan-tastic August 17, 2012 - 10:30am Addthis In Jonesboro, Arkansas, a Nordex USA employee stands between utility-scale components that will eventually make up a completed wind turbine. Under the Recovery Act, Nordex USA received a tax credit to assist in the creation of the Jonesboro manufacturing facility, which opened in October 2010. | Photo courtesy of Nordex USA. In Jonesboro, Arkansas, a Nordex USA employee stands between utility-scale components that will eventually make up a completed wind turbine. Under the Recovery Act, Nordex USA received a tax credit to assist in the creation of the Jonesboro manufacturing facility, which opened in October 2010. | Photo courtesy of Nordex USA. Sarah Gerrity Sarah Gerrity Multimedia Editor, Office of Public Affairs
Cooling Tower Energy Conservation Through Hydraulic Fan Drives
Many companies offer gearboxes, shafts, and couplings for cooling tower fan drives, with little or no innovation. These companies have traditionally been purchased with an emphasis on cost and not "Return on Investment!" In the past, when energy conservation or "Return on Investment" was emphasized, the only alternative was to add an expensive frequency inverter for variable speed control. This meant expensive rewiring, placing additional controls in an already crowded control room, or constructing a special building for them. However, with H.E.M.'s patented Hydraulic Fan Drive, one receives variable speed control and more efficiency for approximately the price of a mechanical drive. The new, more efficient Hydraulic Drive allows for a variable speed control and the ability to sense water temperature to control fan speed.
Dickerson, J.
Spatial and Microphysical Characteristics of Low-Ceiling, Temperature-Inverted Clouds in Warm Overrunning and Freezing-Rain Conditions: A Case Study
In-flight microphysical measurements in classical freezing-rain conditions were used to study the vertical and horizontal characteristics of the precipitation and associated low-ceiling, stratiform clouds, which are usually present as overcast in ...
Richard K. Jeck
operation at low fan speeds (LBL design) and operation --continuously design in the heat exchangers exhaust fans onDesign The basic objective of this project, to study the effects of exhaust fan
Field testing of component-level model-based fault detection methods for mixing boxes and VAV fan systems
precluded testing the fan based on design data. Since thisStatic Pressure (inWg) fan CFM SF-SP SF-SP-Design-Sim time (supply fan pressure rise) SF- DP SF-DP-Design-simulated D.
Xu, Peng; Haves, Philip
measurement of airflow rate. Supply fan speed (0-1) SA S.A.Supply Fan test S.B.Fan pressure rise calibration SF-DP-Simulated Pressure
Blue fan palm distribution and seed removal patterns in three desert oases of northern Baja California, Mexico
DOI 10.1007/s11258-009-9682-4 Blue fan palm distribution anddistribution patterns of the blue fan palm, Brahea armata,i) the levels of blue fan palm seed removal by vertebrates
Wehncke, Elisabet V.; L�pez-Medell�n, Xavier; Ezcurra, Exequiel
Experimental Evaluation of Installed Cooking Exhaust Fan Performance
Experimental Evaluation of Installed Cooking Exhaust Fan Performance Experimental Evaluation of Installed Cooking Exhaust Fan Performance Title Experimental Evaluation of Installed Cooking Exhaust Fan Performance Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-4183E Year of Publication 2010 Authors Singer, Brett C., William W. Delp, and Michael G. Apte Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley Keywords airflow & pollutant transport group, cooktop, energy analysis and environmental impacts department, gas burners, indoor air quality, indoor environment department, kitchen, nitrogen dioxide, oven, pollutant emissions, range hood, residential, source control, task ventilation, technology, sustainability and impact assessment group Abstract The installed performance of cooking exhaust fans was evaluated through residential field experiments conducted on a sample of 15 devices varying in design and other characteristics. The sample included two rear downdraft systems, two under-cabinet microwave over range (MOR) units, three different installations of an under-cabinet model with grease screens across the bottom and no capture hood, two devices with grease screens covering the bottom of a large capture hood (one under-cabinet, one wall-mount chimney), four under-cabinet open hoods, and two open hoods with chimney mounts over islands. Performance assessment included measurement of airflow and sound levels across fan settings and experiments to quantify the contemporaneous capture efficiency for the exhaust generated by natural gas cooking burners. Capture efficiency is defined as the fraction of generated pollutants that are removed through the exhaust and thus not available for inhalation of household occupants. Capture efficiency (CE) was assessed for various configurations of burner use (e.g. single front, single back, combination of one front and one back, oven) and fan speed setting. Measured airflow rates were substantially lower than the levels noted in product literature for many of the units. This shortfall was observed for several units costing in excess of $1000. Capture efficiency varied widely (from <5% to roughly 100%) across devices and across conditions for some devices. As expected, higher capture efficiencies were achieved with higher fan settings and the associated higher air flow rates. In most cases, capture efficiencies were substantially higher for rear burners than for front burners. The best and most consistent performance was observed for open hoods that covered all cooktop burners and operated at higher airflow rates. The lowest capture efficiencies were measured when a front burner was used with a rear backdraft system or with lowest fan setting for above the range systems that do not cover the front burners.
Miscellaneous electricity use in U.S. homes
for clotheswasher and dishwasher motors, color televisions,Recorder Ceiling Fan Dishwasher Motor Clotheswasher Motor
Sanchez, Marla C.; Koomey, Jonathan G.; Moezzi, Mithra M.; Meier, Alan; Huber, Wolfgang
Income Tax Deduction for Solar-Powered Roof Vents or Fans (Indiana...
1232012 References DSIRE1 Summary Indiana allows taxpayers to take a deduction on solar-powered roof fans (or vent, also sometimes called an attic fan) installed in a home...
Income Tax Deduction for Solar-Powered Roof Vents or Fans
Indiana allows taxpayers to take a deduction on solar-powered roof fans (or vent, also sometimes called an attic fan) installed in a home that the taxpayer owns or leases. The deduction is for 50%...
Laugh out loud in real life : women's humor and fan identity
The emerging field of fan studies has, until recently, been defined only by the research that has taken place within it. Almost universally, this research focuses on self-identified fans. However, scholars are beginning ...
Experimental investigation of a six inch diameter, four inch span cross-flow fan .
??Investigations into the use of a cross-flow fan as a potential source of propulsion and lift have arisen due to the cross-flow fan's geometry, light� (more)
Ulvin, Jessica M.
An Initial Study on Applying Active Noise Control to an Insulated Box Fan Used in Ventilation System Applications.
??In many different applications and buildings fans are used to remove unwanted and used air. These fans often generate broadband and tonal noise. Commonly, passive� (more)
Larsson, Martin; Johansson, Sven; Muddala, S.M.; Gafar, A.E.; H�kansson, Lars; Tarkka, Juhani
A satisfiability algorithm for constant depth boolean circuits with unbounded fan-in gates
Boolean Circuits with Unbounded Fan-In Gates A dissertationAC 0 by allowing unbounded fan-in M OD m 1 , . . . , M OD mSince each gate in ? has fan-in at most k and ? has depth D
Matthews, William Grant
Fan Aerodynamic Performance Guarantees: Do Your Policies, Procedures and Penalties Provide Adequate Certainty?
With few exceptions, fan vendors do not provide a written guarantee regarding aerodynamic performance. Some fan vendors even go so far as to state in their terms and conditions of sale that fan performance is not guaranteed unless it is specifically reque
Kaufman, S. G.; Martin, V.; Falk, M. A.
Acceptance test report MICON software exhaust fan control modifications
This report documents the results the acceptance test HNF-4108 which verifies the MICON program changes for the new automatic transfer switch ATS-2 alarms, the Closed Loop Cooling isolator status, the CB-3 position alarm, the alarms for the new emergency fan damper backup air compressor, and the generator sequencer logic.
Performance of ECM controlled VAV fan powered terminal units
Empirical performance models of fan airflow, primary airflow and power consumption were developed for series and parallel variable air volume fan powered terminal units. An experimental setup and test procedure were created to test the terminal units at typical design pressures and airflows. Each terminal unit observed in this study used an 8 in (20.3 cm) primary air inlet. Two fan motor control methods were considered. The primary control of interest was the electronically commutated motor (ECM) controller. Data collected were compared with previous research regarding silicon rectified control (SCR) units. Generalized models were developed for both series and parallel terminal units. Coefficients for performance models were then compared with comparable SCR controlled units. Non-linear statistical modeling was performed using SPSS software (2008). In addition to airflow and power consumption modeling, power quality was also quantified. Relationships between real power (watts) and apparent power (VA) were presented as well as harmonic frequencies and total harmonic distortion. Power quality was recorded for each ECM controlled terminal unit tested. Additional tests were also made to SCR controlled terminal units used in previous research (Furr 2006). The airflow and power consumption performance models had an R2 equal to 0.990 or greater for every terminal unit tested. An air leakage model was employed to account for leakage in the parallel designed VAV terminal units when the internal fan was turned off. For the leakage model, both ECM and SCR controlled units achieved an R2 greater than or equal to 0.918.
Cramlet, Andrew Charles
The Forming of AISI 409 sheets for fan blade manufacturing
The necessity of adapting the standardized fan models to conditions of higher temperature has emerged due to the growth of concern referring to the consequences of the gas expelling after the Mont Blanc tunnel accident in Italy and France, where even though, with 100 fans in operation, 41 people died. The objective of this work is to present an alternative to the market standard fans considering a new technology in constructing blades. This new technology introduces the use of the stainless steel AISI 409 due to its good to temperatures of gas exhaust from tunnels in fire situation. The innovation is centered in the process of a deep drawing of metallic sheets in order to keep the ideal aerodynamic superficies for the fan ideal performance. Through the impression of circles on the sheet plane it is shown, experimentally, that, during the pressing process, the more deformed regions on the sheet plane of the blade can not reach the deformation limits of the utilized sheet material.
Foroni, F. D.; Menezes, M. A.; Moreira Filho, L. A. [ITA - Aeronautic Technological Institute, IEM, Praca Mal. Eduardo Gomes, 50 - Vila das Acacias - S. J. Campos, Brasil - CEP 1228-900 (Brazil)
The installed performance of cooking exhaust fans was evaluated through residential field experiments conducted on a sample of 15 devices varying in design and other characteristics. The sample included two rear downdraft systems, two under-cabinet microwave over range (MOR) units, three different installations of an under-cabinet model with grease screens across the bottom and no capture hood, two devices with grease screens covering the bottom of a large capture hood (one under-cabinet, one wall-mount chimney), four under-cabinet open hoods, and two open hoods with chimney mounts over islands. Performance assessment included measurement of airflow and sound levels across fan settings and experiments to quantify the contemporaneous capture efficiency for the exhaust generated by natural gas cooking burners.Capture efficiency is defined as the fraction of generated pollutants that are removed through the exhaust and thus not available for inhalation of household occupants. Capture efficiency (CE) was assessed for various configurations of burner use (e.g., single front, single back, combination of one front and one back, oven) and fan speed setting. Measured airflow rates were substantially lower than the levels noted in product literature for many of the units. This shortfall was observed for several units costing in excess of $1000. Capture efficiency varied widely (from<5percent to roughly 100percent) across devices and across conditions for some devices. As expected, higher capture efficiencies were achieved with higher fan settings and the associated higher air flow rates. In most cases, capture efficiencies were substantially higher for rear burners than for front burners. The best and most consistent performance was observed for open hoods that covered all cooktop burners and operated at higher airflow rates. The lowest capture efficiencies were measured when a front burner was used with a rear backdraft system or with lowest fan setting for above the range systems that do not cover the front burners.
Singer, Brett C.; Delp, William W.; Apte, Michael G.
Energy Efficient Single Stack Exhaust Fan Systems (E3S3F)
This paper first investigates the fan energy performance of a constant air volume exhaust system. Two single stack energy efficient exhaust fan systems (E3S3F) are presented. The E3S3F-I has the static pressure sensor located at the inlet of the exhaust fan. It has been found to consume up to 15% less fan power than conventional constant air volume exhaust systems. The E3S3F-II uses a variable speed device to maintain the static pressure at the entrance of the stack. It consumes up to 60% less fan power than conventional constant volume exhaust systems.
Wang, G.; Liu, M.
Variable-Speed Fan Variable-Speed Fan Retrofits for Computer-Room Air Conditioners Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program Technology Case Study Bulletin By Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Steve Greenberg September 2013 2 Contacts Steve Greenberg Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road, 90R3111 Berkeley, California 94720 (510) 486-6971 email@example.com For more information on FEMP, please contact: Will Lintner, P.E., CEM Federal Energy Management Program U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave. S.W. Washington, D. C. 20585-0121 (202) 586-3120 email@example.com 3 Acknowledgements EPRI: Dennis Symanski, Brian Fortenbery Synapsense: Garret Smith, Patricia Nealon Vigilent: Corinne Vita
The installed performance of cooking exhaust fans was evaluated through residential field experiments conducted on a sample of 15 devices varying in design and other characteristics. The sample included two rear downdraft systems, two under-cabinet microwave over range (MOR) units, three different installations of an under-cabinet model with grease screens across the bottom and no capture hood, two devices with grease screens covering the bottom of a large capture hood (one under-cabinet, one wall-mount chimney), four under-cabinet open hoods, and two open hoods with chimney mounts over islands. Performance assessment included measurement of airflow and sound levels across fan settings and experiments to quantify the contemporaneous capture efficiency for the exhaust generated by natural gas cooking burners.Capture efficiency is defined as the fraction of generated pollutants that are removed through the exhaust and thus not available for inhalation of household occupants. Capture efficiency (CE) was assessed for various configurations of burner use (e.g., single front, single back, combination of one front and one back, oven) and fan speed setting. Measured airflow rates were substantially lower than the levels noted in product literature for many of the units. This shortfall was observed for several units costing in excess of $1000. Capture efficiency varied widely (fromfan settings and the associated higher air flow rates. In most cases, capture efficiencies were substantially higher for rear burners than for front burners. The best and most consistent performance was observed for open hoods that covered all cooktop burners and operated at higher airflow rates. The lowest capture efficiencies were measured when a front burner was used with a rear backdraft system or with lowest fan setting for above the range systems that do not cover the front burners.
Generator Fan/Blower Design, Inspection, and Maintenance
Turbo-generator rotor cooling fans and blowers are highly stressed components of a generator rotor. As such, their failures can result in expensive damages and extended outages. This best practices document provides guidelines that help plant managers understand potential failure mechanisms and their root causes, anticipate issues before failures occur, and prepare inspection and contingency plans.The guidelines are applicable to both nuclear and fossil turbo-generator rotors. Both axial ...
Savings in electric cooling energy by the use of a whole-house fan. Final report
Hour-by-hour cooling performances of a typical ranch house, with and without the use of a whole-house fan, were compared for the climate conditions throughout the contiguous United States. The comparative analyses were made by the use of NBSWHF, a modified version of NBSLD, to simulate the complex thermal coupling of whole-house-fan ventilated attic space. The calculations were performed for two operational modes: a cyclic fan mode and a stepwise continuous mode.
Kusuda, T.; Bean, J.W.
Effect of building airtightness and fan size on the performance of mechanical ventilation systems in new U.S. houses: a critique of ASHRAE standard 62.2-2003
Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization. Americanof Building Envelopes by the Fan Pressurization Method.Dominated by Strong Exhaust Fan. ASHRAE Transactions. Vol
Roberson, J.
distribution, duct design, system curve, fans, leakage iiifan pressure rise and flow measurements over a range of operating conditions. During design,
filter unit (FFU), energy efficiency, green system, electricToward Green Systems for Cleanrooms: Energy Efficient Fan-energy efficient models; Market transformation toward �green�
NIST Test Fans the Flames for High-Rise Fire Safety
... Once the fires were under way, a variety of ventilation tests were conducted. For example, in one test, a large fan was placed at the front door to ...
Toward Green Systems for Cleanrooms: Energy Efficient Fan-FFU), energy efficiency, green system, electric power use,are challenges and benefits in green designs that integrate
Fallout fans: Negotiations over text integrity in the age of the active audience.
??This study investigated how fans and producers of media texts negotiate text integrity, which is defined as an ideal about the validity, wholeness, and truth� (more)
Milner, Ryan M.
??This effort focuses on measuring and predicting the discrete-frequency and broadband noise radiated by diesel engine cooling fans. Unsteady forces developed by the interaction of� (more)
Kim, Geon-Seok
A Real Reflection of How I Write: Young Adult Female Authors Seizing Agency Through Fan Fiction.
??This research project examines ""fan fiction"" (stories based upon existing texts such as movies, books, and video games) written by a young adult female and� (more)
Coleman, Susanna
Failure of a Fan Hub Blade Made of an A713 Al-Zn Alloy
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2012. Symposium, Failure Analysis and Prevention. Presentation Title, Failure of a Fan Hub Blade�...
Error Sensor Placement for Active Control of an Axial Cooling Fan.
??Recent experimental achievements in active noise control (ANC) for cooling fans have used near-field error sensors whose locations are determined according to a theoretical condition� (more)
Shafer, Benjamin M 1979-
??Ducted fan based vertical lift systems are excellent candidates to be in the group of the next generation vertical lift vehicles, with many potential applications� (more)
Akturk, Ali
??Controllability and stability of ducted fan air vehicles is a challenging problem due to their complex nonlinear aerodynamics and dynamic behavior. At the same time,� (more)
Ozdemir, Gurbuz
Perimeter fan performance in forced draught air-cooled steam condensers.
??ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Axial flow fan arrays form part of air-cooled steam condensers in direct drycooled power plants. This dissertation investigates the performance of axial flow� (more)
Van der Spuy, Sybrand Johannes
Arbitrary surface flank milling of fan, compressor, and impeller blades
It is generally conceived that a blade surface is flank millable if it can be closely approximated by a ruled surface; otherwise the slow machining process of point milling has to be employed. However, the authors have now demonstrated that the ruled surface criterion for flank milling is neither necessary nor sufficient. Furthermore, many complex arbitrary surfaces typical of the blades in fans, axial compressors, and centrifugal impellers in aviation gas turbines are actually closely flank millable and can be rendered exactly flank millable with one or more passes per surface often without sacrificing, indeed usually with gain, in performance.
Wu, C.Y. [Pratt and Whitney Canada Incorporated, Longueuil, Quebec, (Canada). Design Engineering
Skill of a Ceiling and Visibility Local Ensemble Prediction System (LEPS) according to Fog-Type Prediction at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport
A specific event, called a low-visibility procedure (LVP), has been defined when visibility is under 600 m and/or the ceiling is under 60 m at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris, France, to ensure air traffic safety and to reduce the economic ...
Stevie Roquelaure; Robert Tardif; Samuel Remy; Thierry Bergot
This study is a statistical analysis of the sandstone distribution within the Arkansas Jackfork Group which is a passive margin fan complex. Passive margin fan systems are typically associated with long fluvial transport, fed by deltas, wide shelf, efficient basin transport, that result in a bypassing system. Passive margin fans are generally fine-grained, mud rich, and well sorted. These fans can be separated into three units (upper, middle, and lower fan) based on their location within the fan and how the sediments are deposited. Five outcrops from the Arkansas Jackfork Group have been chosen for this study and each were divided into different facies dependent on sandstone percentages in certain bed sets. The amount of sandstone for each facies was calculated and a statistical approximation for each outcrop was determined. Sandstone distribution curves were made for each outcrop to show a graphic representation of how the sandstone is dispersed. After analyzing different upper, middle, and lower fan outcrops, it is clear there is an obvious change in the sandstone percentage and distribution. The upper fan deposit has an overall sandstone percentage of approximately 77.5% and is deposited in beds that are mainly amalgamated; 10-30m thick. Sandstone is deposited moderately even and is quite concentrated throughout the exposure. The middle fan outcrops contain approximately 72.6% sandstone and show similar patterns, except that the amalgamated sandstone beds are not as thick, 5-15m and contain more shale in between layers. As expected the lower fan outcrop is completely different in both sandstone percentage and distribution. The lower fan has approximately 65.4% sandstone. The distribution of sandstone is more concentrated in each of the individual units, or systems, but the overall complex has two systems separated by a massive marine shale bed, 33.5 m, that contains virtually no sand.
Mack, Clayton P.
Improving air handler efficiency in houses
of different blade design and fan to housing clearances forimprovements, such as fan blade and cabinet design are hardequipment design (not putting large fans in small cabinets).
Walker, Iain S.
Inlet swirl distortion effects on the generation and propagation of fan rotor shock noise
A body-force-based fan model for the prediction of multiple-pure-tone noise generation is developed in this thesis. The model eliminates the need for a full-wheel, three-dimensional unsteady RANS simulation of the fan blade ...
Defoe, Jeff (Jeffrey James)
Impact-resistant boron/aluminum composites for large fan blades
Blade-like specimens were subjected to static ballistic impact testing to determine their relative FOD impact resistance levels. It was determined that a plus or minus 15 deg layup exhibited good impact resistance. The design of a large solid boron/aluminum fan blade was conducted based on the FOD test results. The CF6 fan blade was used as a baseline for these design studies. The solid boron/aluminum fan blade design was used to fabricate two blades. This effort enabled the assessment of the scale up of existing blade manufacturing details for the fabrication of a large B/Al fan blade. Existing CF6 fan blade tooling was modified for use in fabricating these blades.
Oller, T.L.; Salemme, C.T.; Bowden, J.H.; Doble, G.S.; Melnyk, P.
A passive margin-type submarine fan complex, Permian Ecca Group, South Africa
A submarine fan complex, comprising five arenaceous fan systems separated by basinal shale units, occurs in the southwestern part of the intracratonic Karoo basin in South Africa. Although basin development is related to a subduction zone bordering the palaeo-Pacific ocean to the south of Gondwanaland and the evolution of the Cape Fold Belt, the entire Lower Permian Ecca Group basin-fill succession reflects depositional characteristics of a passive-margin setting. The submarine fan complex, 250 m thick, originated from sediments supplied by Mississippi-type deltas dominating the Ecca coastline. The fine grain-size and low sand/shale ratio of the submarine fan and deltaic deposits reflect the maturity of the ancient river systems. Outcrops of the fan complex are well exposed and cover an area of 650 km{sup 2}. The strata are not affected by folding, and deep erosion allows three-dimensional viewing of mid-fan to outer-fan deposits. Features of interest include stacked lobe deposits displayed along 2.5 km of a 60 m high cliff section, and a transverse cliff section through channel-fill deposits 500 m wide. Paleocurrent directions reveal that each sequence had its own main source area located to the northwest and south of its present geographic location. The cyclic nature of the fan complex is attributed to relative sea-level changes; deposition took place on the basin floor in water depths that do not exceed 500 m. Shoaling of the basin to wave base depths is reflected in the pro-delta and delta front deposits overlying the uppermost fan sequence. Major factors in controlling direction of fan progradation were delta switching and basin floor topography.
Wickens, H.D. (SOEKOR-Pty. Ltd., Parow (South Africa)); Bouma, A.H. (Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge (United States))
Energy Saver Blog | Department of Energy
September 27, 2010 September 27, 2010 Going Green: Traveling in an Environmentally Responsible Manner How to mitigate your environmental impact when you travel. September 23, 2010 How Has a Ceiling Fan Affected the Way You Heat and Cool Your Home? A ceiling fan allows you to raise the thermostat setting about 4°F with no reduction in comfort. September 21, 2010 Fall Is a Great Time for Energy Awareness Heating and cooling account for roughly 43% of an average home's energy use, so as the weather changes, how you use and save much of the energy for your home will obviously change as well. September 20, 2010 Turning on the Fan and Turning off the A/C As part of some recent money- and energy-savings improvements I've been making to my home, a couple of weeks ago I installed a ceiling fan in my
Fan-shaped and toric textures of mesomorphic oxadiazoles
When a family of non symmetrical heterocycled compounds is investigated, a variety of mesophases can be observed with rather different features. Here we report the behaviour of seven different members among a family of such materials, that consists of mesomorphic oxadiazole compounds. In two of these compounds, the optical microscope investigation shows very interesting behaviours. In their smectic phases, fan-shaped and toric textures, sometimes with periodic instability, are observed. Moreover, the nematic phase displays a texture transition. Texture transitions have been previously observed only inside the nematic phase of some compounds belonging to the families of the oxybenzoic and cyclohexane acids. In these two oxadiazole compounds we can observe what we define as a "toric nematic phase", heating the samples from the smectic phase. The toric nematic texture disappears as the sample is further heated, changing into a smooth texture.
A. Sparavigna; A. Mello; B. Montrucchio
TF30 third-stage composite fan blade service program. Final technical report 1 Jul 1970--31 Dec 1977. [BORSIC/aluminum
The successful application of advanced composites as the structural material for aircraft jet engine rotating parts will significantly reduce engine weight and improve engine performance characteristics. To solve the component design, manufacturing, and quality assurance problems associated with such an application, a program was conducted to design and develop BORSIC/Aluminum third-stage fan blades, which would operate satisfactorily in the TF30-P-7 or P-9 engine models. Program objectives successfully were to improve the existing design of a composite material fan blade, manufacture the blade, and demonstrate its quality by bench and engine environment testing. The scope of the program required to meet these objectives included establishing design and fabrication procedures, developing special tooling, evaluating current nondestructive inspection techniques and adapting these techniques to composite materials, establishing quality assurance criteria, and developing comprehensive bench and engine environment test programs to adequately demonstrate fan-blade quality. During the program, several sets of BORSIC/Aluminum blades weighing 40 percent less than comparable TF30 bill of material titanium blades were successfully produced and tested. On the basis of extensive test program, and with the establishment of quality control criteria and repair procedures, the blades were deemed acceptable for evaluation in a flight program. During the total program, 246 engine-configuration blades were manufactured and non-destructively inspected; with an overall acceptance rate of 92.3%.
Randall, D.G.
Property:Building/SPBreakdownOfElctrcityUseKwhM2Fans | Open Energy
Fans Fans Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. Fans Pages using the property "Building/SPBreakdownOfElctrcityUseKwhM2Fans" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) S Sweden Building 05K0001 + 5.21311928139 + Sweden Building 05K0002 + 18.5995610535 + Sweden Building 05K0003 + 20.3514016294 + Sweden Building 05K0004 + 8.08671679198 + Sweden Building 05K0005 + 16.0166245259 + Sweden Building 05K0006 + 10.358795651 + Sweden Building 05K0007 + 8.3953561818 + Sweden Building 05K0008 + 9.28527472527 + Sweden Building 05K0009 + 12.8398873749 + Sweden Building 05K0010 + 20.0966982674 + Sweden Building 05K0011 + 6.90408963585 + Sweden Building 05K0012 + 8.60719192175 + Sweden Building 05K0013 + 16.7539365907 +
Property:Building/SPBreakdownOfElctrcityUseKwhM2CirculationFans | Open
CirculationFans CirculationFans Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. Circulation fans Pages using the property "Building/SPBreakdownOfElctrcityUseKwhM2CirculationFans" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) S Sweden Building 05K0001 + 13.3422495258 + Sweden Building 05K0002 + 0.0 + Sweden Building 05K0003 + 2.80646609789 + Sweden Building 05K0004 + 8.95823904901 + Sweden Building 05K0005 + 5.55016340076 + Sweden Building 05K0006 + 6.81308969891 + Sweden Building 05K0007 + 2.02541916787 + Sweden Building 05K0008 + 0.625641025641 + Sweden Building 05K0009 + 7.59721281624 + Sweden Building 05K0010 + 0.0 + Sweden Building 05K0011 + 0.757191316527 + Sweden Building 05K0012 + 6.04077487892 + Sweden Building 05K0013 + 0.767224182906 +
Quiet Computing with BSD: Fan control with sysctl hw.sensors.
We will discuss the topic of fan control and introduce sysctl-based interfacing with the fancontrolling capabilities of microprocessor system hardware monitors on OpenBSD. The discussed prototype implementation reduces the noise and power-consumption characteristics in fans of personal computers, especially of those PCs that are designed from off-the-shelf components. We further argue that our prototype is easier, robuster and more intuitive to use compared to solutions available elsewhere. 1.
Constantine A. Murenin; Raouf Boutaba
Application of Adjustable Speed Drives to Induced Draft Fans at NSP-SHERCO Power Plant
Induced draft (ID) fans on power boilers control the flow of flue gasses from the boiler to the atmosphere-and their smooth operation is essential to the efficient operation of any generating station. Adjustable speed drive (ASD) control of an electric motor ID fan can provide significant energy savings while increasing the accuracy and precision of boiler draft and fuel gas flow regulation. This study quantified the energy savings and identified other benefits of applying ASDs to four existing electric-...
Generation of fan-states of radiation field in a cavity
A scheme of generating recently introduced fan-states | \\alpha, 2k>_F (\\alpha is complex, k=1,2,3,...) is proposed basing on a \\Lambda-type atom-cavity field interaction. We show that with suitable atomic preparations and measurements a passage of a sequence of N atoms through a cavity may transform an initial field coherent state | \\alpha> to a fan-state | \\alpha, 2k>_F with k=2^{N-2}.
Nguyen Ba An; Truong Minh Duc
Engine having hydraulic and fan drive systems using a single high pressure pump
An engine comprises a hydraulic system attached to an engine housing that includes a high pressure pump and a hydraulic fluid flowing through at least one passageway. A fan drive system is also attached to the engine housing and includes a hydraulic motor and a fan which can move air over the engine. The hydraulic motor includes an inlet fluidly connected to the at least one passageway.
Bartley, Bradley E. (Manito, IL); Blass, James R. (Bloomington, IL); Gibson, Dennis H. (Chillicothe, IL)
Limit processes for TASEP with shocks and rarefaction fans
We consider the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) with two-sided Bernoulli initial condition, i.e., with left density rho_- and right density rho_+. We consider the associated height function, whose discrete gradient is given by the particle occurrences. Macroscopically one has a deterministic limit shape with a shock or a rarefaction fan depending on the values of rho_{+/-}. We characterize the large time scaling limit of the fluctuations as a function of the densities rho_{+/-} and of the different macroscopic regions. Moreover, using a slow decorrelation phenomena, the results are extended from fixed time to the whole space-time, except along the some directions (the characteristic solutions of the related Burgers equation) where the problem is still open. On the way to proving the results for TASEP, we obtain the limit processes for the fluctuations in a class of corner growth processes with external sources, of equivalently for the last passage time in a directed percolation model with two-sided boundary conditions. Additionally, we provide analogous results for eigenvalues of perturbed complex Wishart (sample covariance) matrices.
Ivan Corwin; Patrik L. Ferrari; Sandrine P�ch�
... Numeric NUMCFAN,How many ceiling fans does your household use,3,27,Numeric USECFAN,How often is the most-used ceiling fan used,3,28,Numeric SWIMPOOL,Does ...
Page not found | Department of Energy
11 - 720 of 21,429 results. Download Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit Framework Document-Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-STD-0045 This memo provides...
Disclosure of Permitted Communication Concerning Fossil Fuel...
Document -- Docket No. EERE-2011-BT-CE-0077 Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit Framework Document-Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-STD-0045 Docket...
Disclosure of Permitted Communication Concerning Regional Standards...
No. EERE-2010-BT-STD-0031; RIN 1904-AB96 Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit Framework Document-Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-STD-0045...
A substantial fraction of HVAC energy use in large commercial buildings is due to fan operation. Fan energy use depends in part on the relationship between system pressure drop and flow through the fan, which is commonly called a "system curve." As a step toward enabling better selections of air-handling system components and analyses of common energy efficiency measures such as duct static pressure reset and duct leakage sealing, this paper shows that a simple four-parameter physical model can be used to define system curves. Our model depends on the square of the fan flow, as is commonly considered. It also includes terms that account for linear-like flow resistances such as filters and coils, and for supply duct leakage when damper positions are fixed or are changed independently of static pressure or fan flow. Only two parameters are needed for systems with variable-position supply dampers (e.g., VAV box dampers modulating to control flow). For these systems, reducing or eliminating supply duct leakage does not change the system curve. The parametric system curve may be most useful when applied to field data. Non-linear techniques could be used to fit the curve to fan pressure rise and flow measurements over a range of operating conditions. During design, when measurements are unavailable, one could use duct design calculation tools instead to determine the coefficients.
Sherman, Max; Wray, Craig
Applicability of fan spray nozzles to stripping insoluble gases from viscous liquids
Fan spray nozzle stripping appears to be a practical technique for separating dilute volatile solutes from nonvolatile solvents. In particular this technique can be used to strip molecular tritium and tritium fluoride at extremely small concentration (in the parts per million range) from molten salts used as blanket materials in a fusion reactor. Under adjusted operating conditions of the fan spray as it leaves the nozzle, a high percentage of the theoretically maximum achievable stripping would take place from the expanding sheet of the fan spray as it leaves the nozzle and before it breaks up. Although the only available experimental data are for aqueous solutions, a new theoretical analysis of the fan spray sheet demonstrates the applicability of this technique to nonaqueous liquids. The equation derived from this analysis relates the theoretically achievable mass transfer efficiency to the properties of the liquid flowing through the fan spray nozzle and to the operating conditions of the nozzle. Any fluid with viscosity higher than or equal to that of water would be expected to follow this equation as long as a fan-shaped sheet is formed under the operating conditions of the nozzle.
Tseng, H.H.; Johnson, E.F.
The noise power spectrum in CT with direct fan beam reconstruction
The noise power spectrum (NPS) is a useful metric for understanding the noise content in images. To examine some unique properties of the NPS of fan beam CT, the authors derived an analytical expression for the NPS of fan beam CT and validated it with computer simulations. The nonstationary noise behavior of fan beam CT was examined by analyzing local regions and the entire field-of-view (FOV). This was performed for cases with uniform as well as nonuniform noise across the detector cells and across views. The simulated NPS from the entire FOV and local regions showed good agreement with the analytically derived NPS. The analysis shows that whereas the NPS of a large FOV in parallel beam CT (using a ramp filter) is proportional to frequency, the NPS with direct fan beam FBP reconstruction shows a high frequency roll off. Even in small regions, the fan beam NPS can show a sharp transition (discontinuity) at high frequencies. These effects are due to the variable magnification and therefore are more pronounced as the fan angle increases. For cases with nonuniform noise, the NPS can show the directional dependence and additional effects.
Baek, Jongduk; Pelc, Norbert J. [Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States) and Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States)
Minnesota | Department of Energy
equipment includes a variety of appliances, central air conditioning, heat pumps, boilers, furnaces, water heaters, lighting, ceiling fans, insulation, programmable...
Although furnaces, air conditioners and heat pumps have become significantly more efficient over the last couple of decades, residential air handlers have typical efficiencies of only 10% to 15% due to poor electric motor performance and aerodynamically poor fans and fan housings. Substantial increases in performance could be obtained through improved air handler design and construction. A prototype residential air handler intended to address these issues has recently been developed. The prototype and a standard production fan were tested in a full-scale duct system and test chamber at LBNL specifically designed for testing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. The laboratory tests compared efficiency, total airflow, sensitivity to duct system flow resistance, and the effects of installation in a smaller cabinet. The test results showed that the prototype air handler had about twice the efficiency of the standard air handler (averaged over a wide range of operating conditions) and was less sensitive to duct system flow resistance changes. The performance of both air handlers was significantly reduced by reducing the clearance between the air handler and cabinet it was placed in. These test results showed that in addition to the large scope for performance improvement, air handler fans need to be tested in the cabinets they operate in.
Characteristics of some submarine fan channels, Permian Ecca Group, South Africa
The vary well exposed submarine fan complex in the southwestern part of the Karoo basin permits close examination of channel-fills and in places their associated overbank deposits. The complex comprises five arenaceous fan systems some of which attain 60 m in thickness. The fans are vertically stacked and separated by basinal shale deposits; each system with its own direction of growth. The association of channelized sandstone bodies and thin-bedded sandstone and shale packages in an updip position from predominantly stacked lobe deposits suggest preservation of middle fan settings. A 500 m wide, 20 m thick channel-fill consisting massive amalgamated sandstone beds occupying the channel thalweg occurs in a setting dominated by thin-bedded, ripple-laminated sandstone and shale. Gradual thinning of the channel-fill beds toward the channel edges, lack of internal lateral accretion, and a high width to depth ratio suggests a low sinuous to straight channel. The channel-fill is capped by an abandonment facies characterized by ripple-laminated sandstone and shale. Stacked, laterally offset channel-fill deposits with highly erosional contacts and typical well-bedded overbank deposits form channel-overbank complexes and characterize the mid-fan region of the uppermost fan system. Palaeocurrent directions and gradual diminishing of bed-thickness away from the generally massively bedded, amalgamated channel-fill sandstones confirm a simultaneous channel/overbank origin for these deposits. Levee morphology has not been recognized. Both examples of channel-fills cited reveal part of the complexity of the channelized portions of submarine fans and hence the implications thereof in exploring for hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Bouma, A.H. (Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge (United States)); Dev Wickens, H. (Soekor, Parow (South Africa))
Modeling of ECM Controlled Series Fan-powered VAV Terminal Units
Semi-empirical models for series fan-powered variable air volume terminal units (FPTUs) were developed based on models of the primary, plenum, fan airflow and the fan power consumption. The experimental setups and test procedures were developed respectively for primary, plenum and fan airflow to test each component of the FPTUs at typical design pressures and airflows. Two sizes of the terminal units from three manufacturers were used in this study. All of the FPTUs were equipped with electronically commutated motors (ECM). Data provided by the models were compared against the data from previous experiments to prove the models� validity. Regression modeling was performed by using SigmaStat. The model of primary airflow had an R2 above 0.948 for all the terminal units evaluated while the plenum airflow model had an R2 above 0.99. For all the terminal units, the R2 of the fan airflow model was ranged from 0.973 to 0.998. Except for one fan, the fan power consumption model was able to characterize the power performance and had an R2 above 0.986. By combining the airflow and power models, the model for series FPTU was developed. Verification was made to prove the FPTU model�s validity by comparing the measured and predicted data of airflow and power consumption. Correction factors were used in the primary airflow model to compensate for the difference caused by large measurement errors and the system effects. The predicted values were consistent with measurements and no offset was needed in the primary airflow model. Generally, the newly established model was able to describe the airflow performance as well as power consumption of series FPTUs without adding complexity.
Yin, Peng
Improving air handler efficiency in residential HVAC applications
of different blade design and fan to housing clearances forimprovements, such as fan blade and cabinet design are hardaerodynamic fan blade and housing design? � To investigate
Walker, Iain S.; Mingee, Michael D.; Brenner, Douglas E.
Fans Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .expected from heat exchangers Ventilation expected fromventilation supplied by heat exchanger and exhaust flow. .
P.C. Weaver
Caratterizzazione del rumore generato dal fan di motori aeronautici e Metodo inverso per la ricostruzione della sorgente.
??Il seguente lavoro tratta una procedura per la ricostruzione della sorgente acustica del fan di un motore turbofan per uso aeronautico mediante metodo inverso. Tale� (more)
House Fly Ceiling
NA Date: NA Question: We are a public library and have had a question regarding house flies. The question is "How high in the atmosphere can a house fly, fly? Replies:...
Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: Change version for use alongside status version provides appropriate solution where ceiling effects occur. Diabetes Care
(DTSQc) evaluated in insulin glargine trials shows greater responsiveness to improvements than the original DTSQ
Clare Bradley; Rosalind Plowright; John Stewart; John Valentine
Predicting of fan speed for energy saving in HVAC system based on adaptive network based fuzzy inference system
In this paper, a HVAC (heating, ventilating and air-conditioning) system has two different zones was designed and fan motor speed to minimize energy consumption of the HVAC system was controlled by a conventional (proportional-integral-derivative) PID ... Keywords: ANFIS, Air flow control, Energy saving, Fan motor speed predicting, HVAC system, PID control, Temperature control
Servet Soyguder; Hasan Alli
Appliances and Commercial Equipment Standards
Ceiling Fans Energy Conservation Standards Ceiling Fans Energy Conservation Standards Sign up for e-mail updates on regulations for this and other products The Department of Energy (DOE) is considering establishing energy conservation standards for residential ceiling fans. There are currently federal design standards and test procedures for ceiling fans, but no energy conservation standards. Recent Updates | Public Meeting Information | Submitting Public Comments | Milestones and Documents | Related Rulemakings | Statutory Authority | Contact Information Recent Updates DOE published a request for information regarding energy conservation standards for ceiling fans. 78 FR 62494 (October 22, 2013). Public Meeting Information No public meeting is scheduled at this time. Submitting Public Comments
Software Verification and Validation Test Report for the HEPA filter Differential Pressure Fan Interlock System
The HEPA Filter Differential Pressure Fan Interlock System PLC ladder logic software was tested using a Software Verification and Validation (V&V) Test Plan as required by the ''Computer Software Quality Assurance Requirements''. The purpose of his document is to report on the results of the software qualification.
Power Reduction Scheme of Fans in a Blade System by Considering the Imbalance of CPU Temperatures
In order to develop a data center power efficiency index, we built a test bed of a data center and measured power components and environmental variables in some detail, including the power consumption and temperature of each node, rack and air conditioning ... Keywords: Data center, Power consumption, Power efficiency, CPU temperature, Fan speed
Automated Aspect Recommendation through Clustering-Based Fan-in Analysis
Identifying code implementing a crosscutting concern (CCC) automatically can benefit the maintainability and evolvability of the application. Although many approaches have been proposed to identify potential aspects, a lot of manual work is typically ... Keywords: ranking metric, automated aspect recommendation, clustering-based fan-in analysis, crosscutting concern, refactorable aspects, aspect mining, method clusters, lexical based clustering
Danfeng Zhang; Yao Guo; Xiangqun Chen
Engineering Task Plan for Hepa Filter Differential Pressure (DP) Fan Interlock Upgrades
This document provides a plan for installation of Differential Pressure (DP) fan interlocks on the primary ventilation systems in selected Tank Farm facilities. This plan contains the engineering tasks required for installation and is summarized by the Acceptance for Beneficial Use list. Individuals responsible for each task are identified and scheduled accordingly.
Fan to parallel beam conversion in CAT by rubber sheet transformation
A technique for converting fan-beam projections to parallel-beam projections for use in computed tomography is presented. The problem is approached by use of a rubber sheet transformation. Since the data is discretized, an interpolation step is necessary. For densely sampled data this approach appears satisfactory and a significant reduction in photon noise is observable in computer simulations.
Wecksung, G.W.; Kruger, R.P.; Morris, R.A.
Experimental Modal Analysis on a Rotating Fan Using Tracking-CSLDV
Continuous Scan Laser Doppler Vibrometry (CSLDV) modifies the traditional mode of operation of a vibrometer by sweeping the laser measurement point continuously over the structure while measuring, enabling one to measure spatially detailed mode shapes quickly and minimizing the inconsistencies that can arise if the structure or test conditions change with time. When a periodic scan path is employed, one can decompose the measurement into the response that would have been measured at each point traversed by the laser and obtain the structure's mode shapes and natural frequencies using conventional modal analysis software. In this paper, continuous-scan vibrometry is performed on a rotating fan, using computer controlled mirrors to track the rotating fan blades while simultaneously sweeping the measurement point over the blades. This has the potential to circumvent the difficulty of attaching contact sensors such as strain gauges, which might modify the structure and invalidate the results. In this work, impact excitation was used to excite a 3-blade fan rotating at various speeds, and the blades were scanned with a cloverleaf pattern that captured the bending of all three blades simultaneously. Some specialized signal processing is helpful in minimizing the effect of rotation frequency harmonics in the measurements, and specific scan strategies are needed to avoid those frequencies, both of these issues are discussed in the paper. While noise in the laser vibrometer does pose some difficulty, the results show that several modes could be extracted and that the tracking-CSLDV results agree with measurements obtained from the parked fan.
Gasparoni, Andrea; Castellini, Paolo; Tomasini, Enrico P. [Dipartimento di Meccanica, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona (Italy); Allen, Matthew S.; Yang Shifei; Sracic, Michael W. [Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 535 Engineering Research Building, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (United States)
Development of a Laboratory Verified Single-Duct VAV System Model with Fan Powered Terminal Units Optimized Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Single Duct Variable Air Volume (SDVAV) systems use series and parallel Fan Powered Terminal Units to control the air flow in conditioned spaces. This research developed a laboratory verified model of SDVAV systems that used series and parallel fan terminal units where the fan speeds were controlled by either Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) or Electronically Commutated Motors (ECM) motors. As part of the research, the model was used to compare the performance of the systems and to predict the harmonics generated by ECM systems. All research objectives were achieved. The CFD model, which was verified with laboratory measurements, showed the potential to identify opportunities for improvement in the design of the FPTU and accurately predicted the static pressure drop as air passed through the unit over the full operating range of the FPTU. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of typical a FPTU were developed and used to investigate opportunities for optimizing the design of FPTUs. The CFD model identified key parameters required to conduct numerical simulations of FPTU and some of the internal components used to manufacture the units. One key internal component was a porous baffle used to enhance mixing when primary air and induced air entered the mixing chamber. The CFD analysis showed that a pressure-drop based on face velocity model could be used to accurately predict the performance of the FPTU. The SDVAV simulation results showed that parallel FPTUs used less energy overall than series systems that used SCR motors as long as primary air leakage was not considered. Simulation results also showed that series ECM FPTUs used about the same amount of energy, within 3 percent, of parallel FPTU even when leakage was not considered. A leakage rate of 10 percent was enough to reduce the performance of the parallel FPTU to the level of the series SCR system and the series ECM FPTUs outperformed the parallel FPTUs at all weather locations used in the study.
Davis, Michael A.
Improving the Energy Performance of Data Centers
air distribution design and the fan parameters associatedfan energy than the baseline case, as the economizer designtower fans. ENERGY SIMULATION METHOD Each design scenario
Horvath, A; Shehabi, Arman
Moving air for comfort
to facilitate the design layout of fans in accordance withCeiling fans in open office space Figure 7 Design office inapproximately 30-70 W/fan. In the design, they were assumed
Arens, Edward; Turner, Stephen; Zhang, Hui; Paliaga, Gwelen
Memorandum Memorializing Ex Parte Communication, DOE impending determination of coverage for commercial and industrial fans, blowers, and fume hoods.
The meeting was requested by AMCA International to introduce the association�s leadership, standards, and experience in developing fan standards to DOE; to learn more about the DOE process for...
Guidelines for Induced Flue Gas Recirculation: Volume 1: Reducing Air/Gas System Resistance and Enhancing Fan Capacity
This document guides users through a logical sequence, or "road map," of activities and decisions for optimizing solutions for fans, ducts, and related equipment in fossil plant combustion air and gas systems.
HEPA Filter Differential Pressure Fan Interlock System Functional Requirements and Technical Design Criteria
Double-shell tanks (DSTs) and Double Contained Receiver Tanks (DCRTs) are actively ventilated, along with certain single-shell tanks (SSTs) and other RPP facilities. The exhaust air stream on a typical primary ventilation system is drawn through two stages of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration to ensure confinement of airborne radioactive materials. Active ventilation exhaust stacks require a stack CAM interlock to detect releases from postulated accidents, and to shut down the exhaust fan when high radiation levels are detected in the stack airstream. The stack CAM interlock is credited as a mitigating control to stop continued unfiltered radiological and toxicological discharges from the stack, which may result from an accident involving failure of a HEPA filter. This document defines the initial technical design baseline for a HEPA filter AP fan interlock system.
Science on Saturday attracts science fans of all ages | Princeton Plasma
Science on Saturday attracts science fans of all ages Science on Saturday attracts science fans of all ages By Jeanne Jackson DeVoe January 28, 2013 Tweet Widget Facebook Like Google Plus One Joshua E. G. Peek, a Hubble Fellow at Columbia University's Department of Astronomy and son of PPPL physicist and former director Robert Goldston, discusses "Outer Space!" (Photo by Elle Starkman/PPPL Office of Communications) Joshua E. G. Peek, a Hubble Fellow at Columbia University's Department of Astronomy and son of PPPL physicist and former director Robert Goldston, discusses "Outer Space!" Gallery: High school senior Varuni Bewtra comes to the lectures to learn about possible careers in science. (Photo by Photo by Jeanne Jackson DeVoe/PPPL Office of Communications) High school senior Varuni Bewtra comes to the lectures to learn about
Architectural characteristics of fine-grained submarine fans: A model applicable to the Gulf of Mexico
Submarine fan deposits in the Gulf of Mexico, modern and ancient, fall in the category of fine-grained, low overall sand/shale ratio basin-floor fans. Models published over the years that have been applied to both exploration and production are based on sand-rich fans, most of which were deposited in active margin settings. These models should not be used for the Gulf of Mexico or any other deep water system with similar basinal settings. Observations from the excellent outcrops of the Permian Tanqua Karoo in southwestern South Africa, together with information from the modern Mississippi Fan, and the Jackfork turbidites in Arkansas, enable the construction of a model that addresses the architecture of both the macro and meso-scale depositional features of fine-grained turbidite systems. At the entrance to the basin floor the conduit, carved out across the slope, may start to widen. Most of the density flows moving through do not necessarily occupy the conduit`s entire width. The result is a complex of laterally and vertically stacked channel fills and associated levee-overbank deposits with a good degree of connectivity. The channel fills are mostly massive, whereas the levee deposits are low-contrast, low-resistivity thin-bedded sandstones and shales with high permeability. Such sandstones can be potentially very productive. The channels gradually become smaller and as their influence on directing the heads of turbidity currents decreases, oblong sheet sands are deposited, each having a very large width to thickness ratio and a high sand/shale ratio. The vertical stacking patterns within these sheet sands commonly display lateral offset of individual beds or groups of beds, and therefore form a distinct reservoir type with varying internal fluid-flow characteristics.
Bouma, A.H.; Coleman, J.H. [Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States); DeV Wickens, H. [and others
Design, testing and two-dimensional flow modeling of a multiple-disk fan
A multiple-disk Tesla type fan has been designed, tested and analyzed two-dimensionally using the conservation of angular momentum principle. Experimental results showed that such multiple-disk fans exhibited exceptionally low performance characteristics, which could be attributed to the low viscosity, tangential nature of the flow, and large mechanical energy losses at both suction and discharge sections that are comparable to the total input power. By means of theoretical analysis, local and overall shearing stresses on the disk surfaces have been determined based on tangential and radial velocity distributions of the air flow of different volume flow rates at prescribed disk spaces and rotational speeds. Then the total power transmitted by rotating disks to air flow, and the power acquired by the air flow in the gap due to transfer of angular momentum have been obtained by numerically integrating shearing stresses over the disk surfaces. Using the measured shaft and hydraulic powers, these quantities were utilized to evaluate mechanical energy losses associated with the suction and discharge sections of the fan. (author)
Engin, Tahsin; Oezdemir, Mustafa; Cesmeci, Sevki [Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sakarya, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Sakarya (Turkey)
Random fan-out state induced by site-random interlayer couplings
We study the low-temperature properties of a classical Heisenberg model with site-random interlayer couplings on the cubic lattice. This model is introduced as a simplified effective model of Sr(Fe{sub 1-x}Mn{sub x})O{sub 2}, which was recently synthesized. In this material, when x=0.3, ({pi}{pi}{pi}) and ({pi}{pi}0) mixed ordering is observed by neutron diffraction measurements. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we find an exotic bulk spin structure that explains the experimentally obtained results. We name this spin structure the ''random fan-out state.'' The mean-field calculations provide an intuitive understanding of this phase being induced by the site-random interlayer couplings. Since Rietveld analysis assuming the random fan-out state agrees well with the neutron diffraction pattern of Sr(Fe{sub 0.7}Mn{sub 0.3})O{sub 2}, we conclude that the random fan-out state is reasonable for the spin-ordering pattern of Sr(Fe{sub 0.7}Mn{sub 0.3})O{sub 2} at the low-temperature phase.
Tamura, Ryo; Kawashima, Naoki; Yamamoto, Takafumi; Tassel, Cedric; Kageyama, Hiroshi [Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581 (Japan); Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyouku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
Standard practice for examination of fiberglass reinforced plastic fan blades using acoustic emission
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) fan blades of the type used in industrial cooling towers and heat exchangers. 1.2 This practice uses simulated service loading to determine structural integrity. 1.3 This practice will detect sources of acoustic emission in areas of sensor coverage that are stressed during the course of the examination. 1.4 This practice applies to examinations of new and in-service fan blades. 1.5 This practice is limited to fan blades of FRP construction, with length (hub centerline to tip) of less than 3 m [10 ft], and with fiberglass content greater than 15 % by weight. 1.6 AE measurements are used to detect emission sources. Other nondestructive examination (NDE) methods may be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDE methods are beyond the scope of this practice. 1.7 Units�The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as sta...
American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia
High-amplitude reflection packets (HARPs) of the Mississippi Fan, Gulf of Mexico
Examination of seismic data from the deep-water Gulf of Mexico reveals the presence of High-Amplitude Reflection Packets (HARPs). An analog study conducted by the Ocean Drilling Program Leg 155 identified and described Amazon Fan HARPs as a stacked, relatively unconfined series of graded turbidites overlain by a channel-levee. HARP seismic facies thin laterally and onlap antecedent bathymetry (preexisting submarine topography). HARP areal extent is controlled by antecedent bathymetry and turbidity flow sediment volumes. Mississippi Fan HARP deposition can be described by three depositional models: the "avulsion" model, the "fill and spill" model, and the "transition" model. The "avulsion" depositional model, developed by Flood et al. (1991), describes avulsion of submarine channel-levees by turbidity flows. Subsequent turbidity flows exit the channel-levee at the avulsion point and are deposited as unchannelized HARPs. The "fill and spill" model, developed by Satterfield and Behrens (1990), describes turbidite deposition in the Gulf of Mexico salt province. Initial stages of the "fill and spill" model accurately describe the seismic geometries of HARPs confined by adjacent salt structures. The "transition" model was developed in this study to describe the Gulf of Mexico HARP seismic geometries seen in the transition zone from the salt province to the abyssal plain. The HARPs described by the "transition" model contain an upslope segment confined by salt structures and a downslope segment confined by antecedent bathymetry. Utilizing seismic data from the Gulf of Mexico and core and well-log data from the Amazon Fan, this study has determined that HARPs and related channel-levees have hydrocarbon play potential. HARP sheet sands, internal HARP channel fill, overlying channel-levee fill, and overbank levee sands are potential reservoir units. Detrital carbonate and hemipelagic shale source rocks are in place in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico. In addition, structurally derived migration pathways combine with percolation as potential migration processes. This study integrates identification and description of HARP seismic facies relationships, current and newly developed depositional models, interpretation of stratigraphic controls, HARP internal reservoir architecture, and determination of HARP hydrocarbon potential in order to predict HARP deposition in the Mississippi Fan and other mud-rich fans worldwide.
Francis, Jason Michael
Active Noise Control of a Two-Fan Exhaust-Mounted Array Using Near-Field Control Sources and Error Sensors.
??Multiple fans are sometimes used in an array configuration to cool various types of electronic equipment. In addition to adding another noise source, using two� (more)
Rust, Ryan Leonard 1982-
Reason and reaction: The dual route of decision making process on social media usage: The case of hospitality brand fan pages.
??A new phenomenon on Facebook, resulting from social media revolution, is the emergence of numerous Facebook fan pages. This form of online brand community is� (more)
Manthiou, Aikaterini
Busemann functions and the speed of a second class particle in the rarefaction fan
In this paper we will show how the results found in Cator and Pimentel 2009, about the Busemann functions in last-passage percolation, can be used to calculate the asymptotic distribution of the speed of a single second class particle starting from an arbitrary deterministic configuration which has a rarefaction fan, in either the totally asymetric exclusion process, or the Hammersley interacting particle process. The method will be to use the well known last-passage percolation description of the exclusion process and of the Hammersley process, and then the well known connection between second class particles and competition interfaces.
Eric Cator; Leandro P. R. Pimentel
Strategy for the Operation of Cooling Towers with variable Speed Fans
Within the SPS Cooling Water Project at CERN aimed at the reduction of water consumption, this primary open cooling loop will be closed and all the primary cooling circuit components will be upgraded to the new required duty and brought to the necessary safety and operability standards. In particular the tower fans will be fitted with variable frequency drives to replace the existing two speed motors. This paper presents a study to optimize the operation of SPS cooling towers taking into account outdoor conditions (wet and dry bulb temperatures) and the entirety of the primary circuit in which they will operate.
I�igo-Golf�n, J
Buildings Energy Data Book: 2.6 Residential Home Improvement
Buildings Energy Data Book (EERE)
4 4 2007 and 2009 Do-It-Yourself Home Improvements, by Project ($2010) Total Mean Total Mean Projects Expenditures Expenditures Projects Expenditures Expenditures Repair/Improvement (thousand) ($million) ($) (thousand) ($million) ($) Room Additions, Alterations, and Remodelings Kitchen Bathroom Bedroom Other Systems and Equipment Plumbing (Pipes and Fixtures) Electrical System HVAC Appliance/Major Equipment Exterior Additions and Replacements Roof Siding Windows/Doors Interior Additions and Replacements Insulation Flooring/Paneling/Ceiling Other Interior Disaster Repair Other Additions and Replacements (1) Total Note(s): Source(s): 1) Other additions and replacements include porches, carports, swimming pools and other major improvements or repairs to lot or yard. Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, The Remodeling market in Transition, 2009, Table A.2, p. 30 for 2007; Joint Center for Housing
3 3 2007 and 2009 Professional Home Improvements, by Project ($2010) Total Mean Total Mean Projects Expenditures Expenditures Projects Expenditures Expenditures Repair/Improvement (thousand) ($million) ($) (thousand) ($million) ($) Room Additions, Alterations, and Remodelings Kitchen Bathroom Bedroom Other Systems and Equipment Plumbing (Pipes and Fixtures) Electrical System HVAC Appliance/Major Equipment Exterior Additions and Replacements Roof Siding Windows/Doors Interior Additions and Replacements Insulation Flooring/Paneling/Ceiling Other Interior Disaster Repair Other Additions and Replacements (1) Total Note(s): Source(s): 1) Other additions and replacements include porches, carports, swimming pools and other major improvements or repairs to lot or yard. Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, The Remodeling Market in Transition, 2009, Table A.2, p. 30 for 2007; Joint Center for Housing
2 2 2007 Professional and Do-It-Yourself Improvements, by Project ($2010) Total Mean Total Mean Projects Expenditures Expenditures Projects Expenditures Expenditures Repair/Improvement (thousand) ($million) ($) (thousand) ($million) ($) Room Additions, Alterations, and Remodelings Kitchen Bathroom Bedroom Other Systems and Equipment Plumbing (Pipes and Fixtures) Electrical System HVAC Appliance/Major Equipment Exterior Additions and Replacements Roof Siding Windows/Doors Interior Additions and Replacements Insulation Flooring/Paneling/Ceiling Other Interior Disaster Repair Other Additions and Replacements (1) Total (2) Note(s): Source(s): 1) Other additions and replacements include porches, carports, swimming pools and other major improvements or repairs to lot or yard. 2)Total expenditures (professional installation plus do-it-yourself installation) are $1.8 billion higher compared to Table 2.6.1. This
FANS - Principle
... detecting all scattered neutrons with energy Ef energies, with moderate ... which changes to optimize intensity during the ...
FANS - Overview
... Pyrolytic Graphite [PG(002)], Without small shield: 2.5 meV ? E ? 25.0 meV With small shield: 3.7 meV ? E ? 45.0 meV. ...
Energy-Efficiency Improvement Opportunities for the Textile Industry
The design of the fan and its blade type can affectefficiency The key to any design is proper fan selection.design of FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) fan impellers
Hasanbeigi, Ali
Influence of provenance on detrital and diagenetic mineralogy of small tertiary fans in southwestern Montana
In the North Boulder River basin in southwestern Montana, alluvial fans of the Renova (Oligocene-Miocene) and the Sixmile Creek (Miocene) Formations were deposited on the flanks of north-south-trending uplifts that also supplied the detritus. The Elkhorn Mountain volcanics (78 m.y.) overlying the Boulder batholith make up the western highlands, a small patch of Precambrian Belt Group rocks occur in the southwest and Paleozoic siliciclastic and carbonate rocks forming the eastern margin. The fan sediments thus allow adequate control for studying the influence of source rocks on detrital and diagenetic mineralogy. Modal analysis of 6228 grains in 31 thin sections shows a decrease of VRF away from the igneous sources (37% to 1% in a north-south transect; 37% to 7% in a west-east transect) along with an increase in quartz (8% to 24% and 3% to 13%) and plagioclase (2% to 16% and 2% to 10%); orthoclase abundance is low except in the southwest. Volcanic ash and glass shards are found in the younger sediments in the northern part of the basin. Their data show a positive correlation between the abundance of orthoclase and kaolinite (north-south transect); between SRF and carbonate cement (west-east transect) and between glass shards and smectite (both north-south and west-east transects). They infer that the diagenetic mineralogy of these sands was controlled essentially by the detrital particles, which were strongly controlled by source rocks in this area.
Olson, J.; Basu, A.
Correlation efficiency as a tool to establish depositional subenvironments in submarine fans
Depositional units in submarine fan systems commonly are too large to be entirely or sufficiently exposed in an outcrop to properly identify. Channel fills can be massive, bedded, or any combination thereof. The layering can be horizontal or inclined. Typical bedded series can be thick or thin bedded, or a combination with or without a certain cyclicity. Occurrence of sedimentary structures is not yet a decisive interpretation characteristic. At the present, the Lower Permian Skoorsteenberg Formation of the Southwest Karoo in South Africa may be the best example of long, nontilted, outcrops where entire subenvironments can be observed. Using that knowledge, outcrop information from several areas, and ideas from the literature, we attempted correlations in two spillways in the Jackfork Group in Arkansas. A layer-by-layer correlation failed, even after small layer package could be established using an occasional thick shale break, a major slump, or a very thick massive sandstone layer for dividing both sides of the spillway. A [open quotes]semi-logarithmic[close quotes] display of measured thickness provides patterns of variations in layer thickness that normally are sufficiently typical to use as a correlation tool between both sides. This is not a foolproof system and one should consider additional parameters, such as location within the entire fan system. However, the degree of correlatibility helps identify or suggest depositional environments.
Bouma, A.H.; Cook, T.W. (Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)); Devries, M.B. (Exxon Exploration Company, Houston, TX (United States))
Ceiling Fan Light Kits Ceiling Fan Light Kits Sign up for e-mail updates on regulations for this and other products The Department of Energy (DOE) has regulated the energy efficiency level of ceiling fan light kits since 2007. Ceiling fan light kits are used to provide light from a ceiling fan. The kit can be attached to the ceiling fan prior to or after the time of retail sale. The current standard will save approximately 4.6 quads of energy and result in approximately $53.2 billion in energy bill savings for products shipped from 2007-2031. The standard will avoid about 240 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions, equivalent to the annual greenhouse gas emissions of 47 million automobiles. Recent Updates | Standards | Test Procedures | Waiver, Exception, and Exemption Information | Statutory Authority | Historical Information | Contact Information
Ceiling Fans Ceiling Fans Sign up for e-mail updates on regulations for this and other products The Department of Energy (DOE) has had the authority to regulate the energy efficiency level of ceiling fan since 2005. A ceiling fan is a "nonportable device that is suspended from a ceiling for circulating air via the rotation of fan blades" (42 U.S.C. 6291(49)). The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) amended the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA) setting standards for ceiling fans. DOE will conduct an analysis of energy, emission and cost reductions when it reviews these standards in future rulemakings. Recent Updates | Standards | Test Procedures | Waiver, Exception, and Exemption Information | Statutory Authority | Historical Information | Contact Information
41 - 1250 of 26,777 results. 41 - 1250 of 26,777 results. Download DOE F 2050.2 PATENT ASSIGNMENT FORM http://energy.gov/cio/downloads/doe-f-20502 Download Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit Framework Document-Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-STD-0045 This memo provides an overview of communications made to DOE staff on the subject of possible changes to standards and test procedures for ceiling fans and ceiling fan light kits. http://energy.gov/gc/downloads/record-communication-concerning-ceiling-fan-and-ceiling-fan-light-kit-framework Download Application for Presidential permit OE Docket No. PP-230-4 International Transmission Company: Comments and Supplemental Documents ITC (Letter from New York Transmission Owners dated 12-12-11) http://energy.gov/oe/downloads/application-presidential-permit-oe-docket-no-pp-230-4-international-transmission-26
as sizing a fan to deliver the design ventilation rate (fans and natural infiltration, in order to properly designfans should be as small as necessary to deliver the effective design
The velocity pattern of a fan loop structure within a solar active region over the temperature range 0.15-1.5 MK is derived using data from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board the Hinode satellite. The loop is aligned toward the observer's line of sight and shows downflows (redshifts) of around 15 km s{sup -1} up to a temperature of 0.8 MK, but for temperatures of 1.0 MK and above the measured velocity shifts are consistent with no net flow. This velocity result applies over a projected spatial distance of 9 Mm and demonstrates that the cooler, redshifted plasma is physically disconnected from the hotter, stationary plasma. A scenario in which the fan loops consist of at least two groups of 'strands'-one cooler and downflowing, the other hotter and stationary-is suggested. The cooler strands may represent a later evolutionary stage of the hotter strands. A density diagnostic of Mg VII was used to show that the electron density at around 0.8 MK falls from 3.2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 9} cm{sup -3} at the loop base, to 5.0 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 8} cm{sup -3} at a projected height of 15 Mm. A filling factor of 0.2 is found at temperatures close to the formation temperature of Mg VII (0.8 MK), confirming that the cooler, downflowing plasma occupies only a fraction of the apparent loop volume. The fan loop is rooted within a so-called outflow region that displays low intensity and blueshifts of up to 25 km s{sup -1} in Fe XII {lambda}195.12 (formed at 1.5 MK), in contrast to the loop's redshifts of 15 km s{sup -1} at 0.8 MK. A new technique for obtaining an absolute wavelength calibration for the EIS instrument is presented and an instrumental effect, possibly related to a distorted point-spread function, that affects velocity measurements is identified.
Young, P. R. [College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 (United States); O'Dwyer, B.; Mason, H. E. [Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA (United Kingdom)
7 7 2009 Home Improvement Spending by Household Income ($2010) Income Under $40,000 $40-79,999 $80-119,999 120,000 and Over Note(s): Source(s): 13,005 4,097 16,531 67,731 Home improvements include room additions, remodeling, replacements of household systems and appliances, porches and garages, additions and replacements of roofing, siding, window/doors, insulation, flooring/paneling/ceiling, and disaster repairs. Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, A New Decade of Growth for Remodeling, 2011, Table A-3, pg. 29; EIA, Annual Energy Review 2010, Oct. 2011, Appendix D, p. 353 for GDP and price deflators. 23,178 6,545 6,841 44,772 14,051 4,299 9,189 39,505 (thousand) (thousand) ($) ($million) 24,675 6,113 5,697 34,825 Number of Homeowners Average Total Homeowners
A high-resolution 2-DH numerical scheme for process-based modeling of 3-D turbidite fan stratigraphy
A generic three-dimensional process-based model is presented, aimed at simulation of the construction of turbidite fan stratigraphy by low-density turbidity current events. It combines theoretical formulations on density flow and sediment transport of ... Keywords: MacCormack scheme, Operator splitting, Shock-capturing technique, Stratigraphic modeling, Turbidite reservoirs, Turbidity currents
Remco M. Groenenberg; Kees Sloff; Gert Jan Weltje
Towards a syntactic signature for domain models: proposed descriptive metrics for visualizing the entity fan-out frequency distribution
The main objective of this paper is to find a minimal set of measures that allow the immediate, intuitive characterisation and visualization of the syntactic structure of models covering a particular application domain. The measures are validated ... Keywords: case measures, enterprise models, entity fan-out distribution, metrics, model analysis, model complexity, modelling
Jean-Paul van Belle
Study of the Effects of Ambient Conditions Upon the Performance of Fan Powered, Infrared Natural Gas Burners
The objective of this investigation was to characterize the operation of a fan-powered, infrared burner (IR burner) at various gas compositions and ambient conditions, develop numerical model to simulate the burner performances, and provide design guidelines for appliances containing PIR burners for satisfactory performance.
Clark Atlanta University
Optimized Fan Control In Variable Air Volume HVAC Systems Using Static Pressure Resets: Strategy Selection and Savings Analysis
The potential of static pressure reset (SPR) control to save fan energy in variable air volume HVAC systems has been well documented. Current research has focused on the creation of reset strategies depending on specific system features. As the commissioning process has begun to require the prediction of savings, knowledge of the extent to which various SPR control strategies impact fan energy has become increasingly important. This research aims to document existing SPR control strategies and utilize building data and simulation to estimate fan energy use. A comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to SPR control was performed and the results were organized into a top-down flow chart tool. Based on the type of feedback available from a particular system, or lack thereof, this tool will facilitate the selection of a SPR control strategy. A field experiment was conducted on a single duct variable air volume system with fixed discharge air temperature and static pressure setpoints. Finally, an air-side model of the experimental system was created using detailed building design information and calibrated using field measurements. This model was used to estimate the fan energy required to supply the trended airflow data using fixed static pressure (FSP) and SPR control based on zone demand, system demand, and outside air temperature. While utilizing trend data from November 1, 2008 to February 12, 2009, the FSP control of the experimental system was used as the baseline for ranking the energy savings potential of nine different forms of duct static pressure control. The highest savings (73-74%) were achieved using zonal demand based SPR control. System demand based SPR control yielded savings ranging from 59 to 76%, which increased when the duct sensor was positioned near the fan discharge and under similar zone load conditions. The outside air temperature based SPR control yielded savings of 65% since the experimental system supplied primarily perimeter zones. Finally, increasing the FSP setpoint from 2 to 3 inWG increased fan energy by 45%, while decreasing the setpoint from 2 to 1 inWG decreased fan energy by 41%.
Kimla, John
The paper discusses the benefits of having a consistent testing method to characterize aerodynamic and energy performance of FFUs. It presents evaluation methods of laboratory-measured performance of ten relatively new, 1220 mm x 610 mm (or 4 ft x 2 ft) fan-filter units (FFUs), and includes results of a set of relevant metrics such as energy performance indices (EPI) based upon the sample FFUs tested. This paper concludes that there are variations in FFUs' performance, and that using a consistent testing and evaluation method can generate compatible and comparable FFU performance information. The paper also suggests that benefits and opportunities exist for our method of testing FFU energy performance to be integrated in future recommended practices.
Sand-rich submarine fans, Mio-Pliocene of Santa Monica Basin, offshore California: Untapped exploration targets
Santa Monica Basin lies directly west of Los Angeles Basin, one of the world's most prolific oil provinces. Published literature suggests that Santa Monica Basin was starved of coarse clastics during the late Miocene through Pliocene. However, seismic sequence stratigraphy indicates that deposition of sand-rich fans alternated with mixed-load systems throughout the Delmontian and Repettian stages. Seismic sequences and facies are calibrated to seismic and well data from Beta Oil Field, in San Pedro Basin to the south. Eustasy evidently played a dominant role in controlling sedimentation. Variations in tan lithology, thickness, and basinward extent correspond to worldwide changes in sea level. Regional erosion surfaces apparently signify drops in sea level. Overlying thick seismic packages display hummocky to chaotic seismic facies separated by high- to low-amplitude continuous reflections. These configurations are interpreted as inner- to mid-fan channels separated by overbank deposits in sand-rich lowstand fans. High-amplitude basinwide reflections bound the tops of the sand-rich intervals, and likely represent condensed sections formed during sea-level rises. Thin seismic intervals above the condensed sections display downlap, and are interpreted as interbedded sandstones and shales of prograding highstand fans. Sediment input to Santa Monica Basin, based on seismic-facies and isochron patterns, was predominantly from the (present-day) north, with subordinate input from the east. High-amplitude eustatic variations dominated deposition and sequence development even in this tectonically active basin Previously unidentified sand-rich fans are present, and have not been drilled.
May, J.A.; McMillen, K.J.
Detroit Public Lighting Department - Residential Energy Wise...
Multi-Family Residential, Residential Eligible Technologies Ceiling Fan, Lighting, LED Lighting Active Incentive Yes Implementing Sector Utility Energy Category Energy...
Orange County - OCHEEP! (Florida) | Open Energy Information
CaulkingWeather-stripping, Ceiling Fan, Central Air conditioners, DuctAir sealing, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Heat pumps, Lighting, Programmable Thermostats,...
Alliant Energy Interstate Power and Light - Farm Equipment Energy...
Equipment, Ceiling Fan, Clothes Washers, CustomOthers pending approval, Dishwasher, Energy Mgmt. SystemsBuilding Controls, Equipment Insulation, Heat recovery, Lighting,...
Nihar Shah
techno-economic analysis efforts in support of the Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative, including analyses on Room ACs, Ceiling Fans, TVs,...
Standby power use: How big is the problem? What policies and technical solutions can address it?
as clothes washers, dishwashers, and room air conditioners.clothes washers, dishwashers, microwaves, ceiling fans withthe end of 2003. The dishwasher test procedure has already
Energy efficiency standards for residential and commercial equipment: Additional opportunities
washer Dishwashing Dishwasher Lighting Torchiere Spacea higher-efficiency dishwasher. ** This category does notPool pump Ceiling fan Dishwasher Torchiere Refrigerator Room
Rosenquist, Greg; McNeil, Michael; Iyer, Maithili; Meyers, Steve; McMahon, Jim
List of Building Insulation Incentives | Open Energy Information
Program (Ohio) Utility Rebate Program Ohio Residential Building Insulation Ceiling Fan Central Air conditioners CustomOthers pending approval DuctAir sealing Heat pumps...
List of Compressed air Incentives | Open Energy Information
Energy Efficiency Incentive Program (Texas) Local Grant Program Texas Commercial Ceiling Fan Central Air conditioners Chillers Comprehensive MeasuresWhole Building Compressed air...
certain lighting system components, but with only minor exceptions (torchieres, ceiling fan light kits, exit signs, traffic signals, and metal halide lamp fixtures), has not...
Purchase energy-saving products | ENERGY STAR
Room AC Calculator Lighting Products Light Fixture & Ceiling Fan Calculator Light Bulb Calculator Includes: CFLs Residential Light Fixtures Office Equipment Products...
Missouri River Energy Services (23 Member Cooperatives) - Residential...
Rebate Program Rebate Amount Ceiling Fan: 25 Clothes Washer: 50 Decorative Light String: 3.50string (6 string limit) Dehumidifier: 10 Dishwasher: 25 Refrigerator: 50...
ection C: OTHER APPLIANCES
C-4b USECFAN Thinking about the ceiling fan [If NUMCFAN>1 that you use the most], how often is this fan used during the summer months? Is it . . .
J.L. Liscum-Powell, S.D. Pautz, C.R. Drumm, W.C. Fan, W.J. Bohnhoff...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
of the Ceptre Code to Cable SGEMP Problems J.L. Liscum-Powell, * S.D. Pautz, * C.R. Drumm, * W.C. Fan, * W.J. Bohnhoff, * L.J. Lorence * * Sandia National Laboratories,...
An automated fault detection and diagnosis tool for HVAC systems is being developed, based on an integrated, life-cycle, approach to commissioning and performance monitoring. The tool uses component-level HVAC equipment models implemented in the SPARK equation-based simulation environment. The models are configured using design information and component manufacturers' data and then fine-tuned to match the actual performance of the equipment by using data measured during functional tests of the sort using in commissioning. This paper presents the results of field tests of mixing box and VAV fan system models in an experimental facility and a commercial office building. The models were found to be capable of representing the performance of correctly operating mixing box and VAV fan systems and detecting several types of incorrect operation.
Performance Optimization of a Fan System- Overcoming Impacts of Modified Design Criteria Due to Regulatory Requirements and Changed Operating Conditions
The Louisiana Pacific mill in Tomahawk Wisconsin manufactures oriented-strand board. Several large induced-draft fans and combustion-air blowers were operating inefficiently at this mill. This case study highlights a systems approach that was applied to address fan inefficiency. Energy savings from optimizing the system are estimated to be 338 kW, nearly half of the original measured input power of 678 kW. The project is currently being implemented and will have a payback period of less than 8 months. The opportunities here are typical of opportunities thought to exist in most industrial plants. In this case, process needs changed due to environmental regulations and change of location, but the system did not, leading to low overall system efficiency.
Wroblewski, R. G.; Preis, F.; Smith, R.
GOTHIC Analysis of Containment Fan Cooler Unit (CFCU) Cooling Water Response Following a LOCA with Loss of Offsite Power
This report presents a simplified method to predict the thermal hydraulic status of a containment fan cooling system under a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) with loss of off-site power (LOOP). GOTHIC 5.0c, a general purpose thermal hydraulics computer program for analysis of nuclear power plants and confinements buildings, has been used for the calculation, and the results have been compared with those from RETRAN.
Final Report Independent Verification Survey of the High Flux Beam Reactor, Building 802 Fan House Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York
On May 9, 2011, ORISE conducted verification survey activities including scans, sampling, and the collection of smears of the remaining soils and off-gas pipe associated with the 802 Fan House within the HFBR (High Flux Beam Reactor) Complex at BNL. ORISE is of the opinion, based on independent scan and sample results obtained during verification activities at the HFBR 802 Fan House, that the FSS (final status survey) unit meets the applicable site cleanup objectives established for as left radiological conditions.
Evan Harpeneau
Home Energy Saver
Polls Polls Poll questions What kind of energy improvements have you done on your home? If you have a ceiling fan, how many hours per day do you use it? (average summer and winter) Have you tried LED lights in your home? What is your experience using spray foam insulation? How often do you use a home clothesdryer (rather than air drying)? Do you think your home's energy efficiency influences its resale value? More ... Poll questions What kind of energy improvements have you done on your home? If you have a ceiling fan, how many hours per day do you use it? (average summer and winter) Have you tried LED lights in your home? What is your experience using spray foam insulation? How often do you use a home clothesdryer (rather than air drying)? Do you think your home's energy efficiency influences its resale value?
Ultrabroadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier using a fan-out periodically poled crystal with spectral spatial dispersion
Based on the full two-dimensional characteristics of the quasi-phase-matched fan-out periodically poled crystal, a scalable and engineerable scheme for ultrabroadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification is proposed, which can significantly broaden the gain bandwidth by the spatial separation of different frequency components of the signal pulse and manipulation of the distribution of the pump beam along the fan-out direction of the crystal. The theoretical analysis shows that the signal pulse can be amplified with minimal spectrum narrowing, and the initial spectrum can be broadened considerably if needed. Based on this scheme, using a fan-out periodically poled 5% mol MgO-doped congruent lithium niobate with a configuration of 5x0.5x5 mm{sup 3} and two pump beams, the 3.3-{mu}m middle-infrared ultrabroadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier is designed. The numerical computation results confirm that the -3 dB gain bandwidth of this amplifier exceeds 320 nm and can be further broadened.
Chen Liezun; Wang Youwen [Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); Department of Physics and Electronic Information Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008 (China); Wen Shuangchun; Fan Dianyuan [Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); You Kaiming [Department of Physics and Electronic Information Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008 (China); Qian Liejia [Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China)
Economic Recovery of Oil Trapped at Fan Margins Using High Angle Wells Multiple Hydraulic Fractures
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. A high-angle well will be drilled in the fan-margin portion of a slope-basin clastic reservoir and will be completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. Geologic modeling, reservoir characterization, and fine-grid reservoir simulation will be used to select the well location and orientation. Design parameters for the hydraulic-fracture treatments will be determined, in part, by fracturing an existing test well. Fracture azimuth will be predicted by passive seismic monitoring of a fracture-stimulation treatment in the test well using logging tools in an offset well.
Mike L. Laue
Impacts of Static Pressure Reset on VAV System Air Leakage, Fan Power and Thermal Energy - Part I: Theoretical Model and Simulation
As for a variable air volume (VAV) system, the air duct static pressure is a typical control variable maintained by modulating supply fan speed. The static pressure equals to the summation of the duct pressure loss downstream of the sensor to the terminal box and box inlet static pressure. Typically, the air duct static pressure is set as a constant set point based on the system design information and sensor location. However, under partial load conditions, the terminal box dampers have to be closed more since either required airflow is less than the design airflow which directly leads to much less pressure loss. Thus the static pressure set point should be reset lower in order to reduce fan power, avoid noise at terminal box dampers and box damper malfunction due to excessive pressure. Different static pressure reset schedules are reviewed and compared, considering the influence of outside air temperature on the building load, availability of the VAV box damper positions, the airflow ratio based static pressure reset has also applicable advantages over the existing constant static pressure set point and two typical reset methods. This paper present the theoretical models to express the impacts of static pressure reset on fan airflow, fan head, air leakage, fan power and thermal energy for both pressure independent and pressure dependent boxes. The impacts are also demonstrated using the parametric analysis and numerical results to show the benefits of the static pressure reset including reducing fan power, cooling energy and heating energy.
Liu, M.; Feng, J.; Wang, Z.; Wu, L.; Zheng, K.; Pang, W.
Adaptive planning using megavoltage fan-beam CT for radiation therapy with testicular shielding
This study highlights the use of adaptive planning to accommodate testicular shielding in helical tomotherapy for malignancies of the proximal thigh. Two cases of young men with large soft tissue sarcomas of the proximal thigh are presented. After multidisciplinary evaluation, preoperative radiation therapy was recommended. Both patients were referred for sperm banking and lead shields were used to minimize testicular dose during radiation therapy. To minimize imaging artifacts, kilovoltage CT (kVCT) treatment planning was conducted without shielding. Generous hypothetical contours were generated on each 'planning scan' to estimate the location of the lead shield and generate a directionally blocked helical tomotherapy plan. To ensure the accuracy of each plan, megavoltage fan-beam CT (MVCT) scans were obtained at the first treatment and adaptive planning was performed to account for lead shield placement. Two important regions of interest in these cases were femurs and femoral heads. During adaptive planning for the first patient, it was observed that the virtual lead shield contour on kVCT planning images was significantly larger than the actual lead shield used for treatment. However, for the second patient, it was noted that the size of the virtual lead shield contoured on the kVCT image was significantly smaller than the actual shield size. Thus, new adaptive plans based on MVCT images were generated and used for treatment. The planning target volume was underdosed up to 2% and had higher maximum doses without adaptive planning. In conclusion, the treatment of the upper thigh, particularly in young men, presents several clinical challenges, including preservation of gonadal function. In such circumstances, adaptive planning using MVCT can ensure accurate dose delivery even in the presence of high-density testicular shields.
Yadav, Poonam [Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); School of Advance Sciences, Vellore Institue of Technology University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu (India); Kozak, Kevin [Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); Tolakanahalli, Ranjini [Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); Ramasubramanian, V. [School of Advance Sciences, Vellore Institue of Technology University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu (India); Paliwal, Bhudatt R. [Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); University of Wisconsin, Riverview Cancer Centre, Wisconsin Rapids, WI (United States); Welsh, James S. [Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); Rong, Yi, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI (United States); University of Wisconsin, Riverview Cancer Centre, Wisconsin Rapids, WI (United States)
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. A high-angle well will be drilled in the fan-margin portion of a slope-basin clastic reservoir and will be completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. Geologic modeling, reservoir characterization, and fine-grid reservoir simulation will be used to select the well location and orientation. Design parameters for the hydraulic-fracture treatments will be determined, in part, by fracturing an existing test well. Fracture azimuth will be predicted by passive seismic monitoring of a fracture-stimulation treatment in the test well using logging tools in an offset well. The long radius, near horizontal well was drilled during the first quarter of 1996. Well conditions resulted in the 7 in. production liner sticking approximately 900 ft off bottom. Therefore, a 5 in. production liner was necessary to case this portion of the target formation. Swept-out sand intervals and a poor cement bond behind the 5 in. liner precluded two of the three originally planned hydraulic fracture treatments. As a result, all pay intervals behind the 5 in. liner were perforated and stimulated with a non-acid reactive fluid. Following a short production period, the remaining pay intervals in the well (behind the 7 in. liner) were perforated. The well was returned to production to observe production trends and pressure behavior and assess the need to stimulate the new perforations.
SSEELLFF--CCHHEECCKK HHOOMMEE IINNVVEENNTTOORRYY Name: _____________________________ Address: ___________________________________ Phone: _________________________
Ceiling Fan Lighting 60 Watt 75 Watt 100 Watt Fluorescent * CFLs #12;Exhaust Fans/Vents: (Exhaust fans and vents are designed to remove hot air and moisture from the interior of the home) How many of the following exhaust fans/vents in your home? Appliances/Electronics Appliances: Please circle and fill in all
Kammen, Daniel M.
Can combining economizers with improved filtration save energy and protect equipment in data centers?
be relatively minor. Building design fan curves indicate ausing fan curves specific to the HVAC design at the dataFan power requirements were calculated, using the mechanical design
Shehabi, Arman
Improving Steam System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry, Second Edition (Book) (Revised)
Improving Steam System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry was developed for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), formerly the Industrial Technologies Program. AMO undertook this project as a series of sourcebook publications. Other topics in this series include: compressed air systems, pumping systems, fan systems, process heating and motor and drive systems. For more information about program resources, see AMO in the Where to Find Help section of this publication.
Comparing Two Types of Magnetically- Coupled Adjustable Speed Drives with Variable Frequency Drives in Pump and Fan Applications
This paper presents the results from laboratory tests on MagnaDrive Corporations fixed-magnet magnetically-coupled adjustable speed drive (MC-ASD) and Coyote Electronics electromagnetic MC-ASD as compared to a typical variable frequency drive (VFD) for typical fan and pump loads. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of using mechanical MC-ASD versus VFDs and it provides field experience with VFDs in refrigerated warehouses as well as the fixed magnet MC-ASD in wastewater and other field applications. Laboratory tests for a 50 hp fan retrofit showed electronic VFD savings at 62%, the MagnaDrive Coupling at 39% and PAYBACK Drive at 46%. At $0.06/kWh and list prices, the simple payback for the VFD is 2.4 years, the MagnaDrive is 4.6 years and the PAYBACK is 1.9 years. MagnaDrive has models from 25 to 500 hp while PAYBACK has models from 3 to 200 hp. Contractors to the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance have helped to install VFDs for about 300 evaporator fans in over two dozen refrigerated warehouses and to install fixed-magnet MC-ASDs in about 50 applications with about half of these controlling wastewater pumps. The Alliance has no particular field experience with the electcromagnetic coupling. The primary advantages of magnetically coupled adjustable speed drives (MC-ASD) over VFDs come from reduced maintenance, resistance to dirty environments, separation of load vibration from the motor, and less stringent requirements for precise shaft alignment. Field experience indicates reductions in noise and repairs from vibration loads, tolerance of poor electrical power quality, and ease of installation are often more important than energy savings. The MC-ASDs are being used where VFDs have not survived or are considered too complicated.
Anderson, K. J.; Chvala, W. D.
A LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP 1050 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW
A LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP A LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP 1050 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW Seventh Floor Washington, DC 20007 (202) 298-1800 Phone (202) 338-2416 Fax MEMORANDUM TO: DOE Office of General Counsel FROM: Doug Smith DATE: August 29, 2013 RE: Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit Framework Document-Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-STD-0045 This memo provides an overview of communications made to DOE staff on the subject of possible changes to standards and test procedures for ceiling fans and ceiling fan light kits. The communications occurred at a meeting held at 10:30 a.m. on August 20, 2013, following the close of the comment period on the initial framework document for ceiling fans and light kits. The meeting attendees included:
Impacts of Static Pressure Reset on VAV System Air Leakage, Fan Power and Thermal Energy - Part 2: Case Demonstration for a Typical Climate System
In Part 1 of this paper, the theoretical models, integrating the fan airflow, fan head, air leakage factors, are developed to analyze the impacts of the static pressure reset on both pressure dependent and pressure independent terminal boxes. In this part, a simulated air handling unit (AHU) system in Omaha NE is used to demonstrate the energy savings performance in one typical climate year. This AHU system has a static pressure reset system and two constant static pressure systems, one having pressure dependent terminal boxes and one having pressure independent terminal boxes. These simulated systems were compared mainly on the basis of fan power energy consumption and thermal energy consumption in totally a year. The example presents a good agreement with the theoretical model and simulation results. It was also shown that static pressure reset provides a promising and challenging way for the energy performance in VAV system.
Liu, M.; Zheng, K.; Wu, L.; Wang, Z.; Johnson, C.
Forecast-Based Decision Support for San Francisco International Airport: A NextGen Prototype System That Improves Operations during Summer Stratus Season
During summer, marine stratus encroaches into the approach to San Francisco International Airport (SFO) bringing low ceilings. Low ceilings restrict landings and result in a high number of arrival delays, thus impacting ...
Reynolds, David W.
During summer, marine stratus encroaches into the approach to San Francisco International Airport (SFO) bringing low ceilings. Low ceilings restrict landings and result in a high number of arrival delays, thus impacting the National Air Space (NAS). These ...
David W. Reynolds; David A. Clark; F. Wesley Wilson; Lara Cook
Available Technologies: Ventilation Controller for Improved Indoor ...
Iain Walker and colleagues at Berkeley Lab have developed a dynamic control system for whole-house ventilation fans that provides maximal air quality while reducing ...
NREL Develops Diagnostic Test Cases To Improve Building Energy Simulation Programs (Fact Sheet), Building America: Technical Highlight, Building Technologies Program (BTP)
Develops Develops Diagnostic Test Cases To Improve Building Energy Simulation Programs The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Residential and Commercial Buildings research groups developed a set of diagnostic test cases for building energy simulations. Eight test cases were developed to test surface conduction heat transfer algorithms of building envelopes in building energy simulation programs. These algorithms are used to predict energy flow through external opaque surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors. The test cases consist of analyti- cal and vetted numerical heat transfer solutions that have been available for decades, which increases confidence in test results. NREL researchers adapted these solutions for comparisons with building energy simulation results.
ITP's Top Low- or No-Cost Improvements
ITP's Top Low- or No-Cost ITP's Top Low- or No-Cost Improvements Michael B. Muller Rutgers University Keith A. Woodbury, Ph.D. University of Alabama Kelly Kissock Ph.D., P.E. University of Dayton Michael B Muller * Mechanical Engineer * Developed and maintains IAC database * Qualified Specialist and Energy Expert in - Steam, Pumps, Fans, & Process Heating * Has conducted multiple ESA, IAC, and similar style industrial energy assessments. Topics to be Covered: * Overview of: - Low/No Cost Improvements - ITP Assessments Specific LNC Improvements resulting from: * IAC Assessments * ESA: Steam * ESA: Compressed Air (Keith A. Woodbury) * ESA: Process Heating (Dr. Kelly Kissock) Why are these Opportunities Missed? * Perceived Safety/Avoiding Risk
Improving the Prediction of the East Asian Summer Monsoon: New Approaches Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, and Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for
Improving the Prediction of the East Asian Summer Monsoon: New Approaches KE FAN Nansen, in final form 28 March 2012) ABSTRACT East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) prediction is difficult because of the summer monsoon's weak and unstable linkage with El Nin~oSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) interdecadal
Reserve growth through geological characterization of heterogeneous reservoirs - an example from mud-rich submarine fan reservoirs of Permian Spraberry Trend, west Texas
Tight, naturally fractured Permian submarine fan reservoirs in the Midland basin contained more than 10.5 billion bbl of oil at discovery. Ultimate recovery is estimated to average 7% of the original oil in place. At abandonment 4 billion bbl of nonresidual mobile oil will remain in untapped or poorly drained reservoir compartments. This unproduced mobile oil is the target for Spraberry reserve growth through strategic infill drilling. Mid-fan facies of three separate submarine fans are productive in the Shackelford and Preston waterflood units (SPWU) in the central Spraberry Trend. Braided to meandering paleodip-oriented channels are flanked by levees which grade into upward-coarsening, unconfined distal fan sediment. Facies boundaries compartmentalize the reservoir, providing for interwell, stratigraphic entrapment of oil. Field-wide heterogeneity is pronounced. Stacking of channels in the upper Spraberry in the eastern half of the SPWU results in a dip-oriented belt of better reservoir quality. Wells completed in this axis have produced two to six times the amount of oil produced from wells located off of the depo-axis. Although fractures are important in early production, the contribution of matrix porosity is critical throughout the life of the reservoir. Current economics dictate that reserve growth might best be attained by siting new strategic infill wells in depositional axes and by selective recompletions of existing wells in areas of poorer reservoir quality for bypassed oil in undrained reservoir compartments.
Tyler, N.; Gholston, J.C.
Structure function of the nucleus in the perturbative QCD with $N_c\\to\\infty$ (BFKL pomeron fan diagrams)
Equation for the sum of BFKL pomeron fan diagrams is rederived by direct summation and solved numerically for rapidities $y\\leq 50$. At high rapidities y>20 the resulting cross-sections for the scattering of a longitudinally polarized $q\\bar q$ pair on the nucleus cease to depend on its transverse dimension and tend to a constant limit 0.1768 $R_A^2$, which corresponds to scattering of a colour dipole on a black disk. Thus the unitarity is restored and the singularity in the j plane is reduced to a simple pole at j=1.The nuclear structure function at small x behaves as $Q^2\\ln(1/x)$. The found gluon density has a soliton-like form in the $\\log k$ space: its form is close to Gaussian, independent of rapidity, the centermoving towards higher $\\log k$ with a nearly constant velocity as rapidity increases.
M. A. Braun
Memory Controller Policies for DRAM Power Management Xiaobo Fan Carla S. Ellis Alvin R. Lebeck
to transition back to active. Energy e ciency can be improved by placing the chips in a lower power state when spent in the current power state before a transition to a lower state is made. We refer management policies. #12;Power State Power Time Transition mW nS Active Pa = 300 tacc=60 Standby Ps = 180
Lebeck, Alvin R.
to transition back to active. Energy efficiency can be improved by placing the chips in a lower power state when spent in the current power state before a transition to a lower state is made. We refer management policies. #12; Power State Power Time Transition (mW) (nS) Active Pa = 300 tacc=60 Standby Ps
Refractory Improvement
Refractory Improvement Refractory Improvement NETL Office of Research and Development Project Number: FWP-2012.03.03 Task 2 Project Description Industry would like gasifier on-line availability of 85-95% for utility applications and 95% for applications such as chemical production. Gasification facilities' are currently unable to meet these requirements, which have created a potential roadblock to widespread acceptance and commercialization of gasification technologies. Refractory liners and syngas coolers are among key components of the gasification process previously identified as negatively impacting gasifier availability. Ash originating from impurities in the gasifier's carbon feedstock is the root cause of many problems impacting gasifier RAM (Reliability Availability Maintainability). At the high temperatures of gasification, ash changes to liquid, gas, and solid phases which wear down refractory materials and can cause fouling, either of which can lead to unplanned shutdowns for system repair, replacement, or cleaning.
Molten carbonate fuel cell product design improvement
Drawing on the manufacture, field test, and post-test experience of the sixteen Santa Clara Demonstration Project (SCDP) stacks, ERC is finalizing the next generation commercial entry product design. The second generation cells are 50% larger in area, 40% lighter on equal geometric area basis, and 30% thinner than the earlier design. These improvements have resulted in doubling of the full-height stack power. A low-cost and high-strength matrix has also been developed for improving product ruggedness. The low-cost advanced cell design incorporating these improvements has been refined through six short stack tests. Power production per cell of two times the SCDP maximum power operation, over ten thermal cycles, and overall operating flexibility with respect to load and thermal changes have been demonstrated in these short stack tests. An internally insulated stack enclosure has been designed and fabricated to eliminate the need for an inert gas environment during operation. ERC has acquired the capability for testing 400kW full-height direct fuel ceil (DFC) stack and balance-of-plant equipment. With the readiness of the power plant test facility, the cell package design, and the stack module, full-height stack testing has begun. The first full- height stack incorporating the post-SCDP second generation design was completed. The stack reached a power level of 253 kW, setting a world record for the highest power production from the advanced fuel cell system. Excellent performance uniformity at this power level affirmed manufacturing reproducibility of the components at the factory. This unoptimized small size test has achieved pipeline natural gas to DC electricity conversion efficiency of 47% (based on lower heating value - LHV) including the parasitic power consumed by the BOP equipment; that should translate to more than 50% efficiency in commercial operation, before employing cogeneration. The power plant system also operated smoothly. With the success of this test confirming the full-height stack basic design and with the completion of SCDP stacks post-test feedback, manufacture of the full-height stack representing the commercial prototype design has been completed and system demonstration is planned to start in the first quarter of 1999. These developments as well as manufacturing advances are discussed in this report.
P. Voyentzie; T. Leo; A. Kush; L. Christner; G. Carlson; C. Yuh
Efficiency of a liquid desiccant dehumidification system regenerated by using solar collectors/regenerators with photovoltaic fans
A hybrid solar dehumidification air-conditioning system was used to study the absorption of water vapor from moist air by contacting the air with aqueous solutions that contained from 90 to 94% triethylene glycol (TEG). For the packings of 2-inch polypropylene Jaeger Tri-Packs, which have a surface-to-volume ratio of 157 m{sup 2}/m{sup 3} (48 ft{sup 2}/ft{sup 3}), the efficiency of dehumidification can reach 93.3%. The environmental air was introduced into the dehumidifier cocurrently flowing with the liquid desiccant, and the liquid desiccant was sprayed on the top of the packing material. The air-to-liquid mass flow ratio was controlled in a range of 0.46 to 1.36. As the moisture was absorbed from air by the TEG solution, the solution was diluted. The regeneration of the solution was carried out in 20-piece (38.8 m{sup 2}) basin-type solar collectors/regenerators whose regeneration coefficients of performance are above 0.2. Air generated by photovoltaic fans was blown into the solar collectors/regenerators and carried away the water vapor from the evaporation of the aqueous desiccant solution. On the basis of the experimental results, the system performance is acceptable for most applications.
Tsair-Wang Chung; Wei-Yih Wu; Wen-Jih Yan; Ching-Lin Huang [Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan (China)
U.S. Building-Sector Energy Efficiency Potential
More operation improved fan and pump design; Reduced standbymotors; improved fan and pump design; Reduced standby power
Brown, Rich
Building Design and Operation for Improving Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Buildings in a Hot-Humid Climate
The goal of this research was to develop new techniques for designing and operating unconditioned buildings in a hot-humid climate that could contribute to an improvement of thermal performance and comfort condition. The recommendations proposed in this research will also be useful for facility managers on how to maintain unconditioned buildings in this climate. This study investigated two unconditioned Thai Buddhist temples located in the urban area of Bangkok, Thailand. One is a 100-year-old, high-mass temple. The other is a 5-year-old, lower-mass temple. The indoor measurements revealed that the thermal condition inside both temples exceed the ASHRAE-recommended comfort zone. Surprisingly, the older temple maintained a more comfortable indoor condition due to its thermal inertia, shading, and earth contacts. A baseline thermal and airflow model of the old temple was established using a calibrated computer simulation method. To accomplish this, HEATX, a 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, was coupled with the DOE-2 thermal simulation program. HEATX was used to calculate the airflow rate and the surface convection coefficients for DOE-2, and DOE-2 was used to provide physical input variables to form the boundary conditions for HEATX. In this way calibrated DOE-2/CFD simulation model was accomplished, and the baseline model was obtained. To investigate an improved design, four design options were studied: 1) a reflective or low-solar absorption roof, 2) R-30 ceiling insulation, 3) shading devices, and 4) attic ventilation. Each was operated using three modes of ventilation. The low-absorption roof and the R-30 ceiling insulation options were found to be the most effective options, whereas the shading devices and attic ventilation were less effective options, regardless of which ventilation mode was applied. All design options performed much better when nighttime-only ventilation was used. Based on this analysis, two prototype temples was proposed (i.e., low-mass and high-mass temples). From the simulation results of the two prototypes, design and operation guidelines are proposed, which consist of: 1) increased wall and ceiling insulation, 2) white-colored, low-absorption roof, 3) slab-on-ground floor, 4) shading devices, 5) nighttime-only ventilation, 6) attic ventilation, and 7) wider openings to increase the natural ventilation air flow windows, wing walls, and vertical fins.
Sreshthaputra, Atch
Ventilation Controller for Improved Indoor Air Quality
Iain Walker and colleagues at Berkeley Lab have developed a dynamic control system for whole-house ventilation fans that provides maximal air quality while reducing by 18-44% the energy spent on ventilation. The system, the Residential Integrated ...
Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities for the U.S. Iron and Steel Industry An ENERGY STAR(R) Guide for Energy and Plant Managers
The design of the fan and its blade type can affectEfficiency. The key to any design is proper fan selection.
Worrell, Ernst
Improving Ventilation and Saving Energy: Laboratory Study in a Modular
Improving Ventilation and Saving Energy: Laboratory Study in a Modular Improving Ventilation and Saving Energy: Laboratory Study in a Modular Classroom Test Bed Title Improving Ventilation and Saving Energy: Laboratory Study in a Modular Classroom Test Bed Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2005 Authors Apte, Michael G., Ian S. Buchanan, David Faulkner, William J. Fisk, Chi-Ming Lai, Michael Spears, and Douglas P. Sullivan Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Abstract The primary goals of this research effort were to develop, evaluate, and demonstrate a practical HVAC system for classrooms that consistently provides classrooms with the quantity of ventilation in current minimum standards, while saving energy, and reducing HVAC-related noise levels. This research was motivated by several factors, including the public benefits of energy efficiency, evidence that many classrooms are under-ventilated, and public concerns about indoor environmental quality in classrooms. This project involved the installation and verification of the performance of an Improved Heat Pump Air Conditioning (IHPAC) system, and its comparison, a standard HVAC system having an efficiency of 10 SEER. The project included the verification of the physical characteristics suitable for direct replacement of existing 10 SEER systems, quantitative demonstration of improved energy efficiency, reduced acoustic noise levels, quantitative demonstration of improved ventilation control, and verification that the system would meet temperature control demands necessary for the thermal comfort of the occupants. Results showed that the IHPAC met these goals. The IHPAC was found to be a direct bolt-on replacement for the 10 SEER system. Calculated energy efficiency improvements based on many days of classroom cooling or heating showed that the IHPAC system is about 44% more efficient during cooling and 38% more efficient during heating than the 10 SEER system. Noise reduction was dramatic, with measured A-weighed sound level for fan only operation conditions of 34.3 dB(A), a reduction of 19 dB(A) compared to the 10 SEER system. Similarly, the IHPAC stage-1 and stage-2 compressor plus fan sound levels were 40.8 dB(A) and 42.7 dB(A), reductions of 14 and 13 dB(A), respectively. Thus, the IHPAC is 20 to 35 times quieter than the 10 SEER systems depending upon the operation mode. The IHPAC system met the ventilation requirements and was able to provide consistent outside air supply throughout the study. Indoor CO2 levels with simulated occupancy were maintained below 1000 ppm. Finally temperature settings were met and controlled accurately. The goals of the laboratory testing phase were met and this system is ready for further study in a field test of occupied classrooms
Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Petroleum Refining Industry
fuel in furnaces. In 1998 cogeneration within the refiningair, fans, lighting, cogeneration, power generation, andPower Generation CHP (cogeneration) Gas expansion turbines
Worrell, Ernst; Galitsky, Christina
DOE Solar Decathlon: Product Directory
Fixed Lighting Plug-In Lighting MechanicalHVAC Air-to-Air Heat Pump Air-to-Water Heat Pump Absorption chiller Ceiling Fans Centralized Ventilation Systems Dehumidifier...
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
... Q Q Q Q Q NF Other Appliances Automobile BlockEngine Battery Heater ... 0.5 0.3 Q 0.1 Q 37.2 Ceiling Fans...
HKC-US: Order (2013-SE-33002) | Department of Energy
civil penalty after finding HKC-US had failed to certify that one basic model of ceiling fan light kit complies with the applicable energy conservation standards. The Order adopted...
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
by an individual cutting the ceiling (for installation of equipment such as an exhaust fan) in an area of high contamination. It must be emphasized that the estimates of...
All General Counsel Reports | Department of Energy
August 21, 2013 August 21, 2013 MEMORANDUM OF EX PARTE COMMUNICATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY The presentation delivered at the 2013 Export Control Coordinators Organization Training addressed changes that were made to the September 2011 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) to update regulations relating to Assistance to Foreign Atomic Energy Activities and the July 2013 Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (SNOPR) (RIN 1994-AA02). August 20, 2013 Record of Communication Concerning Ceiling Fan and Ceiling Fan Light Kit Framework Document-Docket No. EERE-2012-BT-STD-0045 This memo provides an overview of communications made to DOE staff on the subject of possible changes to standards and test procedures for ceiling fans and ceiling fan light kits. August 19, 2013
Anaheim Public Utilities - Residential Home Efficiency Rebate Program |
Residential Home Efficiency Rebate Residential Home Efficiency Rebate Program Anaheim Public Utilities - Residential Home Efficiency Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Low-Income Residential Multi-Family Residential Residential Savings Category Heating & Cooling Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Appliances & Electronics Home Weatherization Commercial Weatherization Sealing Your Home Ventilation Manufacturing Commercial Lighting Lighting Windows, Doors, & Skylights Maximum Rebate Air Duct Repair: $300 Ceiling Fan: 3 fans Program Info State California Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Refrigerator: $50 Refrigerator Recycling: $50 Dishwasher: $50 Room A/C: $50 Central A/C: $100/ton High Performance windows: $1/sq ft Air Duct Repair: 50% of repair cost Ceiling Fan: $20 Whole House Fan: $100
Proctor Engineering Group, Ltd. (PEG) and Carrier-Aeroseal LLP performed an investigation of opportunities for improving air conditioning and heating system performance in existing light commercial buildings. Comprehensive diagnostic and improvement tools were created to address equipment performance parameters (including airflow, refrigerant charge, and economizer operation), duct-system performance (including duct leakage, zonal flows and thermal-energy delivery), and combustion appliance safety within these buildings. This investigation, sponsored by the National Energy Technology Laboratory, a division of the U.S. Department of Energy, involved collaboration between PEG and Aeroseal in order to refine three technologies previously developed for the residential market: (1) an aerosol-based duct sealing technology that allows the ducts to be sealed remotely (i.e., without removing the ceiling tiles), (2) a computer-driven diagnostic and improvement-tracking tool for residential duct installations, and (3) an integrated diagnosis verification and customer satisfaction system utilizing a combined computer/human expert system for HVAC performance. Prior to this work the aerosol-sealing technology was virtually untested in the light commercial sector--mostly because the savings potential and practicality of this or any other type of duct sealing had not been documented. Based upon the field experiences of PEG and Aeroseal, the overall product was tailored to suit the skill sets of typical HVAC-contractor personnel.
Abram Conant; Mark Modera; Joe Pira; John Proctor; Mike Gebbie
FANS - Sample Change
... result of neutrons with incident energies higher than ... between the sample position and the detector bank. ... 60 to 300 seconds per energy point and ...
... for Autocorrelated Data Advances in Statistics ... Section of Bayesian Statistical Science of American ... Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation ...
FANS - Changing Monochromators
... designed to maintain high neutron intensity for all incident energies: Copper [Cu ... Thus if one observes strong peaks at high energy transfer, these ...
... This is achieved by placing a cadmium shield between the sample position and the detector bank. In order to place the ...
Effect of a Radiant Panel Cooling System on Indoor Air Quality of a Conditioned Space
This paper discusses the effect of a radiant cooling panel system on an indoor air quality (IAQ) of a conditioned space. In this study, ceiling radiant cooling panel, mechanical ventilation with fan coil unit (FCU) and 100% fresh air are used. Temperature sensors are located at different locations inside the conditioned space in order to sense dry bulb temperatures, relative humidity to compare it with standard ASHRAE comfort values. The present investigation indicates that the radiant cooling system not only improves the indoor air quality but also reduces the building energy consumption in the conditioned space.
Mohamed, E.; Abdalla, K. N.
TV Energy Consumption Trends and Energy-Efficiency Improvement Options
The SEAD initiative aims to transform the global market by increasing the penetration of highly efficient equipment and appliances. SEAD is a government initiative whose activities and projects engage the private sector to realize the large global energy savings potential from improved appliance and equipment efficiency. SEAD seeks to enable high-level global action by informing the Clean Energy Ministerial dialogue as one of the initiatives in the Global Energy Efficiency Challenge. In keeping with its goal of achieving global energy savings through efficiency, SEAD was approved as a task within the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) in January 2010. SEAD partners work together in voluntary activities to: (1) ?raise the efficiency ceiling? by pulling super-efficient appliances and equipment into the market through cooperation on measures like incentives, procurement, awards, and research and development (R&D) investments; (2) ?raise the efficiency floor? by working together to bolster national or regional policies like minimum efficiency standards; and (3) ?strengthen the efficiency foundations? of programs by coordinating technical work to support these activities. Although not all SEAD partners may decide to participate in every SEAD activity, SEAD partners have agreed to engage actively in their particular areas of interest through commitment of financing, staff, consultant experts, and other resources. In addition, all SEAD partners are committed to share information, e.g., on implementation schedules for and the technical detail of minimum efficiency standards and other efficiency programs. Information collected and created through SEAD activities will be shared among all SEAD partners and, to the extent appropriate, with the global public.As of April 2011, the governments participating in SEAD are: Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. More information on SEAD is available from its website at http://www.superefficient.org/.
Park, Won Young; Phadke, Amol; Shah, Nihar; Letschert, Virginie
Modeling Building Energy Use and HVAC Efficiency Improvements in Extreme Hot and Humid Regions
An energy analysis was performed on the Texas A & M University at Qatar building in Doha, Qatar. The building and its HVAC systems were modeled using EnergyPlus. Building chilled water and electrical data were collected to validate the computer simulation. The simulated monthly electricity consumption was within plus/minus 5 percent of the metered building data. Ninety-five percent of simulated hourly electricity data in a day were within plus/minus 10 percent of metered data. Monthly chilled water demand was within plus/minus 18 percent of measurements, and simulated monthly demand was correlated to metered monthly values with an R-squared correlation coefficient of 0.95. Once the simulation was verified with the metered data, an optimization of the building's HVAC systems was performed. Better utilizing the building's variable speed fans at part loads showed potential annual electricity savings of 16 percent over the base case, with another 22 percent savings in chilled water energy. After converting chilled water savings to equivalent chiller electricity savings, the potential utility cost savings over the base case were found to be $90,000/yr at local utility rates. Reducing outdoor air intake to ASHRAE indoor air quality minimums yielded an additional 17 percent in potential chilled water savings and brought total monetary savings over the base case to $110,000/yr. Using a dedicated outside air system to precisely control individual zone ventilation showed potential for an additional 12 percent chilled water savings and $14,000 in yearly utility savings, while also eliminating cases of under-ventilation. A hypothetical retrofit of fan powered terminal units (FPTU's) resulted in energy savings only at very low minimum flow rates, below ventilation standards. Savings were never more than 20 percent over the no-fan case. Series FPTU's showed no savings at any flow setting and negligible difference was found between ECM and SCR motor control. Finally, the dependence on climate of each improvement was studied. Simulations were run in the relatively milder climates of Houston and Phoenix and compared to those found for Doha. It was found that variable speed fan operation is a more cost effective option for milder climates, while outside air control is more cost effective in extreme hot and humid climates such as Doha. Future study is needed to make the FPTU model valid for different climates and flow ranges.
Bible, Mitchell
Diamondoids Improve Electron Emitters
Diamondoids Improve Electron Emitters Diamondoids Improve Electron Emitters Print Monday, 17 September 2012 12:02 Diamondoids are nanoparticles made of only a handful of carbon...
Study of the effects of ambient conditions upon the performance of fan powdered, infrared, natural gas burners. Quarterly technical progress report, January 1, 1996--March 31, 1996
The objective of this investigation is to characterize the operation of fan powered infrared burner (PER) at various gas compositions and ambient conditions and develop design guidelines for appliances containing PER burners for satisfactory performance. During this past quarter, a porous radiant burner testing facility consisting of a commercial deep-fat fryer, an FTIR based spectral radiance measurement system, a set of flue gas analysis components, and a fuel gas mixing station was constructed. The measurement capabilities of the system were tested using methane and the test results were found to be consistent with the literature. Various gas mixtures were tested. Results indicated that the stability limits of the burner and emissions vary with fuel gas composition and air/fuel ratio. However, the maximum radiant efficiency of the burner remained constant. Results obtained from this study can be useful to develop optimum design guidelines for PER burner manufacturers.
Bai, T.; Yeboah, Y.D.; Sampath, R.
Improving Building Comfort and Energy Savings of the McKenzie Airport Terminal by Maintaining and Improving Pneumatic Control Systems
McKenzie Airport Terminal is located at Easterwood Airport, which is owned and operated by Texas A&M University. It was built in 1988. Most all HVAC equipment, which includes boiler, chiller, pumps, AHUs and exhaust fans, due to lack of maintenance, had some form of deteriorated controls, components, and operational function. For example, most of pneumatic controls were failed due to bad components, wrong settings, and disconnection before the Continuous CommissioningR (CCSM). This caused humid and hot problems of the building, and wasted energy. After maintaining and improving the pneumatic controls, the boiler and hot water pump is now turned off when outside air temperature is higher than 80�F. The chiller is now shut off when the outside air temperature is below 55 �F, and the economizers activate to maintain discharge air temperature when the outside air temperature is below 60 �F. The building comfort in temperature and relative humidity (RH) is improved after CCSM. For example, average space temperature of the building was above 75 �F most of the time before CCSM and is now 73 �F after CCSM. The relative humidity in the baggage claim area was 70% before CCSM and is now 55% after CCSM. The annual savings of electricity for chiller and natural gas for boiler are $5,040 and $12,090 respectively. The total annual energy savings are $17,130.
Liu, C.; Bruner, H. L.; Deng, S.; Brundidge, T.; Turner, W. D.; Claridge, D. E.
Improving Relocatable Classroom HVAC For Improved IEQ And Energy...
Improving Relocatable Classroom HVAC For Improved IEQ And Energy Efficiency Title Improving Relocatable Classroom HVAC For Improved IEQ And Energy Efficiency Publication Type...
Improved Perturbation Theory for Improved Lattice Actions
We study a systematic improvement of perturbation theory for gauge fields on the lattice; the improvement entails resumming, to all orders in the coupling constant, a dominant subclass of tadpole diagrams. This method, originally proposed for the Wilson gluon action, is extended here to encompass all possible gluon actions made of closed Wilson loops; any fermion action can be employed as well. The effect of resummation is to replace various parameters in the action (coupling constant, Symanzik coefficients, clover coefficient) by ``dressed'' values; the latter are solutions to certain coupled integral equations, which are easy to solve numerically. Some positive features of this method are: a) It is gauge invariant, b) it can be systematically applied to improve (to all orders) results obtained at any given order in perturbation theory, c) it does indeed absorb in the dressed parameters the bulk of tadpole contributions. Two different applications are presented: The additive renormalization of fermion masses, and the multiplicative renormalization Z_V (Z_A) of the vector (axial) current. In many cases where non-perturbative estimates of renormalization functions are also available for comparison, the agreement with improved perturbative results is significantly better as compared to results from bare perturbation theory.
M. Constantinou; H. Panagopoulos; A. Skouroupathis
Your Improvement Suggestions Requested
... Once you have joined, click on the Subgroup tab and chose Improvement Day 2010. By E-mail. If you can't create a LinkedIn ...
Agricultural Improvement Loan Program
The Agricultural Improvement Loan Program is administered by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture through the Minnesota Rural Finance Authority (RFA) and provides loans to farmers for...
Red River Stream Improvement Final Design Nez Perce National Forest.
This report details the final stream improvement design along the reach of Red River between the bridge below Dawson Creek, upstream for approximately 2 miles, Idaho County, Idaho. Geomorphic mapping, hydrologic profiles and cross-sections were presented along with existing fish habitat maps in the conceptual design report. This information is used to develop a stream improvement design intended to improve aquatic habitat and restore riparian health in the reach. The area was placer mined using large bucket dredges between 1938 and 1957. This activity removed most of the riparian vegetation in the stream corridor and obliterated the channel bed and banks. The reach was also cut-off from most valley margin tributaries. In the 50 years since large-scale dredging ceased, the channel has been re-established and parts of the riparian zone have grown in. However, the recruitment of large woody debris to the stream has been extremely low and overhead cover is poor. Pool habitat makes up more than 37% of the reach, and habitat diversity is much better than the project reach on Crooked River. There is little large woody debris in the stream to provide cover for spawning and juvenile rearing, because the majority of the woody debris does not span a significant part of the channel, but is mainly on the side slopes of the stream. Most of the riparian zone has very little soil or subsoil left after the mining and so now consists primarily of unconsolidated cobble tailings or heavily compacted gravel tailings. Knapweed and lodgepole pine are the most successful colonizers of these post mining landforms. Tributary fans which add complexity to many other streams in the region, have been isolated from the main reach due to placer mining and road building.
Watershed Consulting, LLC
Economic recovery of oil trapped at fan margins using high angle wells and multiple hydraulic fractures. Quarterly report, July 1--September 30, 1997
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. A high-angle well will be drilled in the fan-margin portion of a slope-basin clastic reservoir and will be completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. Geologic modeling, reservoir characterization, and fine-grid reservoir simulation will be used to select the well location and orientation. Design parameters for the hydraulic-fracture treatments will be determined, in part, by fracturing an existing test well. Fracture azimuth will be predicted by passive seismic monitoring of a fracture-stimulation treatment in the test well using logging tools in an offset well. The long radius, near horizontal well has been drilled. After pumping a remedial cement squeeze, all pay behind the 5 in. liner was perforated and stimulated. Once wellwork is complete for the existing perforations, a hydraulic fracture treatment will be pumped through a short interval of clustered perforations in the 7 in. liner. Following this frac, all pay behind the 7 in. liner will be perforated and completion operations will be final.
Improved plug valve
An improved plug valve wherein a novel shape for the valve plug and valve chamber provide mating surfaces for improved wear characteristics is described. The novel shape of the valve plug is a frustum of a body of revolution of a curve known as a tractrix, a solid shape otherwise known as a pseudosphere.
Wordin, J.J.
Improved wire chamber
An improved gas mixture for use with proportional counter devices, such as Geiger-Mueller tubes and drift chambers. The improved gas mixture provides a stable drift velocity while eliminating wire aging caused by prior art gas mixtures. The new gas mixture is comprised of equal parts argon and ethane gas and having approximately 0.25% isopropyl alcohol vapor. 2 figs.
Atac, M.
Measurement, Analysis, and Improvement
6 Measurement, Analysis, and Improvement Process 11_0304 Page 1 of 6 6 Measurement, Analysis, and Improvement Process 11_0304 Page 1 of 6 EOTA - Business Process Document Title: Measurement, Analysis, and Improvement Process Document Number: P-006 Rev 11_0304 Document Owner: Elizabeth Sousa Backup Owner: Melissa Otero Approver(s): Melissa Otero Parent Document: Q-001, Quality Manual Notify of Changes: EOTA Employees Referenced Document(s): P-008 Corrective-Preventive Action Process, P-004 Business System Management Review and REG-003 Records Register P-006 Measurement, Analysis, and Improvement Process 11_0304 Page 2 of 6 Revision History: Rev. Description of Change A Initial Release 08_0416 Changed verbiage in Step 6 to, "CAR/PAR/IO using P-008, Corrective-Preventive Action & Improvement Opportunity"
Milestone Plan Process Improvement
Milestone Plan Process Improvement Milestone Plan Process Improvement Milestone Plan Process Improvement Background In response to our community's concern over the milestone plan (MP) process within the system, the STRIPES Project Office initiated an in-depth evaluation of the required steps and issues surrounding this process. We concluded that the MP process could be improved for most users by tuning the system configuration. With the approval of both the STRIPES Executive Steering Committee and the STRIPES Project Office, we launched the MP Process Improvement Initiative. After many meetings with members of the STRIPES Team and Working Group, we are ready to "go-live" with this initiative. On October 1 st , 2012 the new MP process will be implemented for use by most field offices.
Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Oportunities for the Concrete Industry
as pumps, fans, and compressors; and controls). A systemsuser of motors (for compressors). For a more detailedoften less than one year. Compressor Facts Air receivers can
Kermeli, Katerina
NREL Develops Diagnostic Test Cases to Improve Building Energy Simulation Programs (Fact Sheet)
This technical highlight describes NREL research to develop a set of diagnostic test cases for building energy simulations in order to achieve more accurate energy use and savings predictions. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Residential and Commercial Buildings research groups developed a set of diagnostic test cases for building energy simulations. Eight test cases were developed to test surface conduction heat transfer algorithms of building envelopes in building energy simulation programs. These algorithms are used to predict energy flow through external opaque surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors. The test cases consist of analytical and vetted numerical heat transfer solutions that have been available for decades, which increases confidence in test results. NREL researchers adapted these solutions for comparisons with building energy simulation results. Testing the new cases with EnergyPlus identified issues with the conduction finite difference (CondFD) heat transfer algorithm in versions 5 and 6. NREL researchers resolved these issues for EnergyPlus version 7. The new test cases will help users and developers of EnergyPlus and other building energy tools to identify and fix problems associated with solid conduction heat transfer algorithms of building envelopes and their boundary conditions. In the long term, improvements to software algorithms will result in more accurate energy use and savings predictions. NREL researchers plan to document the set of test cases and make them available for future consideration by validation standards such as ASHRAE Standard 140: Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer Programs. EnergyPlus users will also have access to the improved CondFD model in version 7 after its next scheduled release.
A BEMS-Assisted Commissioning Tool to Improve the Energy Performance of HVAC Systems
The evolving capabilities of Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) offer new opportunities to automate some parts of the commissioning process and can generate benefits over the entire life of a building. These benefits include a reduction of process cost and manual effort on site, improved quality assurance process and the adoption of automated energy audit capabilities to improve overall building performance. This paper presents the concept for a new automated commissioning tool that verifies and optimizes the performance of building HVAC systems using the capabilities of BEMS. The tool is applicable mainly to commercial and institutional buildings. In its simplest form, the tool monitors building control data and stores it in a structured database to be used online or upon request. Data resulting from standardized test procedures invoked manually or automatically are also stored in the database. A reasoning algorithm performs an intelligent analysis of the monitored data and also performs additional automated commissioning of HVAC components and systems, identifying faults, diagnosing them, and evaluating the potential energy efficiency improvements. The process is completed by sending detailed comprehensive reports to the user. This paper also includes an example showing how an automated BEMS-assisted commissioning tool can potentially be applied to improve the energy performance of variable-air-volume fan systems.
Choiniere, D.; Corsi, M.
Cycle Chemistry Improvement Program
The purity of water and steam is central to ensuring fossil plant component availability and reliability. This report, which describes formal cycle chemistry improvement programs at nine utilities, will assist utilities in achieving significant operation and maintenance cost reductions.
An Improved Humidity Sensor
A common feature of all capacitance humidity sensors is their undesirable hysteresis effect due to the unequal adsorption and desorption of water vapor on the surfaces of their dielectric porous materials. To eliminate this error, an improved ...
Shixuan Pang; Hartmut Gra�l; Horst J�ger
Surveillance Guides - Continous Improvement
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT 1.0 Objective The objective of this surveillance is to verify that contractor personnel are effectively managing environment, safety, and health issues in a manner that fosters continuous improvement. The activities included in this surveillance help the Facility Representative determine whether safety issues identified through internal contractor, and external DOE or Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board evaluation programs are resolved consistent with the level of safety importance. 2.0 References 2.1 DOE O 414.1, Quality Assurance 2.2 DOE O 232.1, Occurrence Reporting and Processing of Operations Information 2.3 DOE-STD-1045-93, Guide to Good Practices for Notifications and Investigations of Abnormal Events 2.4 48 CFR 1970.5204, Department of Energy Acquisition
Improved energy sealing capability
In response to the need for tapping national energy resources, an improved high temperature sealing material has been developed through the sponsorship of the Department of Energy. Parker Seal was selected as one of the technology transferees from L'Garde Inc. and has optimized this transferred technology for further improved performance capabilities and acceptable plant processing. This paper summarizes Parker Seal's testing and evaluation efforts on L'Garde's Y267 transferred technology for a new geothermal and stream service material. This new product, Parker's E962-85 is described in this paper.
Barsoumian, Jerry L.
Improving Ventilation and Saving Energy: Laboratory Study in aModular Classroom Test Bed
The primary goals of this research effort were to develop, evaluate, and demonstrate a practical HVAC system for classrooms that consistently provides classrooms with the quantity of ventilation in current minimum standards, while saving energy, and reducing HVAC-related noise levels. This research was motivated by several factors, including the public benefits of energy efficiency, evidence that many classrooms are under-ventilated, and public concerns about indoor environmental quality in classrooms. This project involved the installation and verification of the performance of an Improved Heat Pump Air Conditioning (IHPAC) system, and its comparison, a standard HVAC system having an efficiency of 10 SEER. The project included the verification of the physical characteristics suitable for direct replacement of existing 10 SEER systems, quantitative demonstration of improved energy efficiency, reduced acoustic noise levels, quantitative demonstration of improved ventilation control, and verification that the system would meet temperature control demands necessary for the thermal comfort of the occupants. Results showed that the IHPAC met these goals. The IHPAC was found to be a direct bolt-on replacement for the 10 SEER system. Calculated energy efficiency improvements based on many days of classroom cooling or heating showed that the IHPAC system is about 44% more efficient during cooling and 38% more efficient during heating than the 10 SEER system. Noise reduction was dramatic, with measured A-weighed sound level for fan only operation conditions of 34.3 dB(A), a reduction of 19 dB(A) compared to the 10 SEER system. Similarly, the IHPAC stage-1 and stage-2 compressor plus fan sound levels were 40.8 dB(A) and 42.7 dB(A), reductions of 14 and 13 dB(A), respectively. Thus, the IHPAC is 20 to 35 times quieter than the 10 SEER systems depending upon the operation mode. The IHPAC system met the ventilation requirements and was able to provide consistent outside air supply throughout the study. Indoor CO2 levels with simulated occupancy were maintained below 1000 ppm. Finally temperature settings were met and controlled accurately. The goals of the laboratory testing phase were met and this system is ready for further study in a field test of occupied classrooms.
Apte, Michael G.; Buchanan, Ian S.; Faulkner, David; Fisk,William J.; Lai, Chi-Ming; Spears, Michael; Sullivan, Douglas P.
In continuing the development of energy efficiency standards, consideration has turned to air handlers used for heating and air conditioning of consumer residences. These air handlers have typical efficiencies of about 10% to 15% due to poor electric motor performance and aerodynamically poor fans and fan housings. This study was undertaken to examine some of these performance issues, under carefully controlled laboratory conditions, to support potential regulatory changes. In addition, this study examined the performance of a prototype air handler fan assembly that offers the potential for substantial increases in performance. This prototype and a standard production fan were tested in a full-scale duct system and test chamber at LBNL which was specifically designed for testing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. The laboratory tests compared efficiency, total airflow, sensitivity to duct system flow resistance, and the effects of installation in a smaller cabinet. The test results showed that, averaged over a wide range of operating conditions, the prototype air handler had about twice the efficiency of the standard air handler and was less sensitive to duct system flow resistance changes. The performance of both air handlers was significantly reduced by reducing the space between the air handler and the cabinet it was installed in. Therefore any fan rating needs to be performed using the actual cabinet it will be used in.
9 results: 9 results: BibTex RIS RTF XML Sort by: Author Title Type [ Year (Desc) ] Filters: Author is Nihar Shah [Clear All Filters] 2013 Shah, Nihar, Paul Waide, and Amol Phadke. Cooling the Planet: Opportunities for Deployment of Superefficient Room Air Conditioners., 2013. Park, Won Young, Amol Phadke, Nihar Shah, and Virginie E. Letschert. "Efficiency Improvement Opportunities in TVs: Implications for Market Transformation Programs." Energy Policy 59 (2013): 361-372. Sathaye, Nakul, Amol Phadke, Nihar Shah, and Virginie E. Letschert. Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency., 2013. Park, Won Young, Amol Phadke, and Nihar Shah. "Efficiency Improvement Opportunities for Personal Computer Monitors: Implications for Market Transformation Programs." Energy Efficiency 6 (2013): 545-569.
Improved vortex reactor system
An improved vortex reactor system for affecting fast pyrolysis of biomass and Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) feed materials comprising: a vortex reactor having its axis vertically disposed in relation to a jet of a horizontally disposed steam ejector that impels feed materials from a feeder and solids from a recycle loop along with a motive gas into a top part of said reactor.
Diebold, James P. (Lakewood, CO); Scahill, John W. (Evergreen, CO)
Air Leakage of US Homes: Regression Analysis and Improvements from Retrofit
Leakage of US Homes: Regression Analysis and Improvements from Retrofit Leakage of US Homes: Regression Analysis and Improvements from Retrofit Title Air Leakage of US Homes: Regression Analysis and Improvements from Retrofit Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-5966E Year of Publication 2012 Authors Chan, Wanyu R., Jeffrey Joh, and Max H. Sherman Date Published 08/2012 Keywords air infiltration, blower door, fan pressurization measurements, retrofit, weatherization Abstract LBNL Residential Diagnostics Database (ResDB) contains blower door measurements and other diagnostic test results of homes in United States. Of these, approximately 134,000 single-family detached homes have sufficient information for the analysis of air leakage in relation to a number of housing characteristics. We performed regression analysis to consider the correlation between normalized leakage and a number of explanatory variables: IECC climate zone, floor area, height, year built, foundation type, duct location, and other characteristics. The regression model explains 68% of the observed variability in normalized leakage. ResDB also contains the before and after retrofit air leakage measurements of approximately 23,000 homes that participated in weatherization assistant programs (WAPs) or residential energy efficiency programs. The two types of programs achieve rather similar reductions in normalized leakage: 30% for WAPs and 20% for other energy programs.
Variations in erosion and deposition for the last fifty years (based on estimates from 137Cs profiles) on surfaces (Late Pleistocene to Late Holocene in age) making up the Fortymile Wash alluvial fan south of Yucca Mountain, is a function of surface age and of desert pavement development or absence. For purposes of comparing erosion and deposition, the surfaces can be examined as three groups: (1) Late Pleistocene surfaces possess areas of desert pavement development with thin Av or sandy A horizons, formed by the trapping capabilities of the pavements. These zones of deposition are complemented by coppice dune formation on similar parts of the surface. Areas on the surface where no pavement development has occurred are erosional in nature with 0.0 +/- 0.0 cm to 1.5 +/- 0.5 cm of erosion occurring primarily by winds blowing across the surface. Overall these surfaces may show either a small net depositional gain or small erosional loss. (2) Early Holocene surfaces have no well-developed desert pavements, but may have residual gravel deposits in small areas on the surfaces. These surfaces show the most consistent erosional surface areas on which it ranges from 1.0 +/-.01 cm to 2.0+/- .01 cm. Fewer depositional forms are found on this age of surface so there is probably a net loss of 1.5 cm across these surfaces. (3) The Late Holocene surfaces show the greatest variability in erosion and deposition. Overbank deposition during floods cover many edges of these surfaces and coppice dune formation also creates depositional features. Erosion rates are highly variable and range from 0.0 +/- 0.0 to a maximum of 2.0+/-.01. Erosion occurs because of the lack of protection of the surface. However, the common areas of deposition probably result in the surface having a small net depositional gain across these surfaces. Thus, the interchannel surfaces of the Fortymile Wash fan show a variety of erosional styles as well as areas of deposition. The fan, therefore, is a dynamic system that primarily responds to the incising of the channels into the upper fan surface, and the development of protecting desert pavements with time.
C. Harrington; R. Kelly; K.T. Ebert
Electricity and Natural Gas Efficiency Improvements for Residential Gas
and Natural Gas Efficiency Improvements for Residential Gas and Natural Gas Efficiency Improvements for Residential Gas Furnaces in the U.S. Title Electricity and Natural Gas Efficiency Improvements for Residential Gas Furnaces in the U.S. Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-59745 Year of Publication 2006 Authors Lekov, Alexander B., Victor H. Franco, Stephen Meyers, James E. McMahon, Michael A. McNeil, and James D. Lutz Document Number LBNL-59745 Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley Abstract This paper presents analysis of the life-cycle costs for individual households and the aggregate energy and economic impacts from potential energy efficiency improvements in U.S. residential furnaces. Most homes in the US are heated by a central furnace attached to ducts for distributing heated air and fueled by natural gas. Electricity consumption by a furnace blower is significant, comparable to the annual electricity consumption of a major appliance. Since the same blower unit is also used during the summer to circulate cooled air in centrally air conditioned homes, electricity savings occur year round. Estimates are provided of the potential electricity savings from more efficient fans and motors. Current regulations require new residential gas-fired furnaces (not including mobile home furnaces) to meet or exceed 78% annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE), but in fact nearly all furnaces sold are at 80% AFUE or higher. The possibilities for higher fuel efficiency fall into two groups: more efficient non-condensing furnaces (81% AFUE) and condensing furnaces (90-96% AFUE). There are also options to increase the efficiency of the furnace blower. This paper reports the projected national energy and economic impacts of requiring higher efficiency furnaces in the future. Energy savings vary with climate, with the result that condensing furnaces offer larger energy savings in colder climates. The range of impacts for a statistical sample of households and the percent of households with net savings in life cycle cost are shown. Gas furnaces are somewhat unusual in that the technology does not easily permit incremental change to the AFUE above 80%. Achieving significant energy savings requires use of condensing technology, which yields a large efficiency gain (to 90% or higher AFUE), but has a higher cost. With respect to electricity efficiency design options, the ECM has a negative effect on the average LCC. The current extra cost of this technology more than offsets the sizable electricity savings.
Analyses to Verify and Improve the Accuracy of the Manufactured Home Energy Audit (MHEA)
A series of analyses were performed to determine the reasons that the Manufactured Home Energy Audit (MHEA) over predicted space-heating energy savings as measured in a recent field test and to develop appropriate corrections to improve its performance. The study used the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Building Energy Simulation Test (BESTEST) to verify that MHEA accurately calculates the UA-values of mobile home envelope components and space-heating energy loads as compared with other, well-accepted hourly energy simulation programs. The study also used the Procedures for Verification of RESNET Accredited HERS Software Tools to determine that MHEA accurately calculates space-heating energy consumptions for gas furnaces, heat pumps, and electric-resistance furnaces. Even though MHEA's calculations were shown to be correct from an engineering point of view, three modifications to MHEA's algorithms and use of a 0.6 correction factor were incorporated into MHEA to true-up its predicted savings to values measured in a recent field test. A simulated use of the revised version of MHEA in a weatherization program revealed that MHEA would likely still recommend a significant number of cost-effective weatherization measures in mobile homes (including ceiling, floor, and even wall insulation and far fewer storm windows). Based on the findings from this study, it was recommended that a revised version of MHEA with all the changes and modifications outlined in this report should be finalized and made available to the weatherization community as soon as possible, preferably in time for use within the 2009 Program Year.
Ternes, Mark P [ORNL; Gettings, Michael B [ORNL
Fan-beam Reconstruction Methods
In a previous paper a technique was developed for finding reconstruction algorithms for arbitrary ray-sampling schemes. The resulting algorithms use a general linear operator, the kernel of which depends on the details ...
Horn, Berthold K.P.
Operations Improvement Surveys
Exxon Chemical Company developed unique site-wide energy optimization technology in the mid1970's. This technology was applied by means of site energy surveys which were carried out at every major Exxon facility throughout the world during the 1976-1981 timeframe. The first 20% of energy savings, versus the 1972 reference, had already been captured or was in progress via conventional energy conservation methods. The site energy surveys identified attractive investments to save a second 20% of energy use. In early 1982, Exxon Corp. started to apply this same technology to its major facilities to define attractive NO INVESTMENT and LOW INVESTMENT operational improvement savings which could be implemented quickly. This presentation covers Exxon's approach to site energy optimization and the Operations Improvement Survey Program. The Program has identified at many sites, an average of 5% reduction in today's energy costs at No/Low investment plus additional savings in the feedstock and energy supply areas.
Guide, J. J.; O'Brien, W. J.
Improved solar heating systems
An improved solar heating system is described in which the incident radiation of the sun is absorbed on collector panels, transferred to a storage unit and then distributed as heat for a building and the like. The improvement is obtained by utilizing a storage unit comprising separate compartments containing an array of materials having different melting points ranging from 75 to 180/sup 0/F. The materials in the storage system are melted in accordance with the amount of heat absorbed from the sun and then transferred to the storage system. An efficient low volume storage system is provided by utilizing the latent heat of fusion of the materials as they change states in storing ad releasing heat for distribution.
Schreyer, J.M.; Dorsey, G.F.
Improved collecting apparatus
An improved collecting apparatus for small aquatic or airborne organisms such as plankton, larval fish, insects, etc. The improvement constitutes an apertured removal container within which is retained a collecting bag, and which is secured at the apex of a conical collecting net. Such collectors are towed behind a vessel or vehicle with the open end of the conical net facing forward for trapping the aquatic or airborne organisms within the collecting bag, while allowing the water or air to pass through the apertures in the container. The container is readily removable from the collecting net whereby the collecting bag can be quickly removed and replaced for further sample collection. The collecting bag is provided with means for preventing the bag from being pulled into the container by the water or air following therethrough.
Duncan, C.P.
Improving PPM Using Dictionaries
We propose a method to improve traditional character-based PPM text compression algorithms. Consider a text file as a sequence of alternating words and non-words, the basic idea of our algorithm is to encode non-words and prefixes of words using character-based context models and encode suffixes of words using dictionary models. By using dictionary models, the algorithm can encode multiple characters as a whole, and thus enhance the compression efficiency. The advantages of the proposed algorithm are: 1) it does not require any text preprocessing; 2) it does not need any explicit codeword to identify switch between context and dictionary models; 3) it can be applied to any character-based PPM algorithms without incurring much additional computational cost. Test results show that significant improvements can be obtained over character-based PPM, especially in low order cases.
Hu, Yichuan; Zhang,; Khan, Farooq; Li, Ying
Membranes Improve Insulation Efficiency
It has been determined from extensive tests involving test models and home attics that loose fill and fiber batt insulation does not function as expected by the industry. The reason for this deficiency is current test methods do not accurately predict the magnitude of air infiltration into fiber insulation as used in home attics, radiant heat infiltration into the insulation during summer, or radiant heat loss through the insulation during winter conditions. The use of (1) moisture permeable membranes over the insulation, and (2) layered membranes between fiber batts to form closed cells in the insulation both dramatically improve the efficiency of the fiber insulation. The efficiency of this insulation will be improved to an even greater degree if these membranes reflect radiant heat as well as reduce convection air currents. Extensive tests have also been conducted which show that if moisture permeable membranes are used over fiber insulation, the moisture content of the insulation will be reduced.
Bullock, C. A.
Improving Floating Point Compression
Improving Improving Floating Point Compression through Binary Masks Leonardo A. Bautista Gomez Argonne National Laboratory Franck Cappello Argonne National Laboratory Abstract-Modern scientific technology such as particle accel- erators, telescopes and supercomputers are producing extremely large amounts of data. That scientific data needs to be processed using systems with high computational capabilities such as supercomputers. Given that the scientific data is increasing in size at an exponential rate, storing and accessing the data is becoming expensive in both, time and space. Most of this scientific data is stored using floating point representation. Scientific applications executed in supercomputers spend a large amount of CPU cycles reading and writing floating point values, making data compression techniques an interesting way to increase computing efficiency.
A power plant for nuclear reactors is designed for improved cycle efficiency. In addition to the usual heat exchanger for heat transfer from gaseous reactor coolant to water for vaporization, a second heat exchanger is provided between the first heat exchanger and a point betwveen the intermediate- pressure and low-pressure turbine stages. In this way, interstage reheating of the steam is obtained without passage of the steam back to the first heat exchanger. (D.L.C.) Research Reactors
Peters, M.C.
An improved vortex reactor system is described for affecting fast pyrolysis of biomass and Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) feed materials comprising: a vortex reactor having its axis vertically disposed in relation to a jet of a horizontally disposed steam ejector that impels feed materials from a feeder and solids from a recycle loop along with a motive gas into a top part of said reactor. 12 figs.
Diebold, J.P.; Scahill, J.W.
NETL: Power Plant Improvement Initiative
PPII Major Demonstrations Power Plant Improvement Initiative (PPII) The Power Plant Improvement Initiative (PPII) was established in October 2000 to further the commercial-scale...
Microsoft Word - FOR WEB - HKC 33002 NPCP
HKC-US, LLC HKC-US, LLC (ceiling fan light kits) ) ) ) ) ) Case Number: 2013-SE-33002 NOTICE OF PROPOSED CIVIL PENALTY Date issued: July 11, 2013 Number of alleged violations: 304 (1 basic model; 304 days) Maximum possible assessment: $60,800 Proposed civil penalty: $6,500 The U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") Office of the General Counsel, Office of Enforcement, alleges that HKC-US, LLC ("HKC") has violated certain provisions of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, 42 U.S.C. § 6291 et seq. ("the Act"), and 10 C.F.R. § 429.12. Specifically, DOE alleges: 1. HKC has manufactured 1 a variety of ceiling fan light kits, including the ceiling fan light kit packaged with Harbor Breeze Wakefield 49009 (Lowe's Item #3311111).
41 - 26850 of 29,416 results. 41 - 26850 of 29,416 results. Article Stay Cool for Less Money with a Ceiling Fan Whether you're still anticipating snow or have broken out the sandals and tank tops, you may be starting to think about keeping your summer cooling costs down. One easy way to keep cool while saving money is using a ceiling fan. http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/stay-cool-less-money-ceiling-fan Article Landscaping with an Eye To Energy Efficiency Properly planned out landscaping can help shave the peaks and valleys off of the most intense weather your home is exposed to. http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/landscaping-eye-energy-efficiency Article Tax Credits for Your Energy-Efficient Purchases Energy tax credits available for your energy-efficient purchases. http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/tax-credits-your-energy-efficient-purchases
A scale model study of displacement ventilation with chilled ceilings
Displacement ventilation is a form of air-conditioning which provides good air quality and some energy savings. The air quality is better than for a conventional mixed ventilation system. The maximum amount of cooling that ...
Holden, Katherine J. A. (Katherine Joan Adrienne)
Improved cycling cryopump
The present invention is designed to achieve continuous high efficiency cryopumping of a vacuum vessel by improving upon and combining in a novel way the cryopumping in a novel way the cryopumping methods. The invention consists of a continuous operation cryopump, with movable louvres, with a high efficiency pumping apparatus. The pumping apparatus includes three cryogenic tubes. They are constructed of a substance of high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum and their exterior surfaces are cryogenic condensing surfaces. Through their interior liquid or gaseous helium from two reservoirs can be made to flow, alternately promoting extreme cooling or allowing some warming.
Batzer, T.H.; Call, W.R.
Polymer flood filtration improvement
A process of recovery of hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation (wherein an aqueous liquid is injected into an injection well and hydrocarbons are produced from a production well, wherein at least a portion of the aqueous liquid is thickened with an organic polymer, and wherein an aqueous mixture containing the organic polymer is filtered prior to injection of the polymer) is affected by adding an amount of a surfactant to the aqueous mixture containing the polymer prior to filtration and sufficient to improve filterability. Filterability is further enhanced by addition of an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant and/or an alcohol. 6 claims.
Ferrell, H.H.; Conley, D.; Casad, B.M.; Stokke, O.M.
Improved ion source
A magnetic filter for an ion source reduces the production of undesired ion species and improves the ion beam quality. High-energy ionizing electrons are confined by the magnetic filter to an ion source region, where the high-energy electrons ionize gas molecules. One embodiment of the magnetic filter uses permanent magnets oriented to establish a magnetic field transverse to the direction of travel of ions from the ion source region to the ion extraction region. In another embodiment, low energy 16 eV electrons are injected into the ion source to dissociate gas molecules and undesired ion species into desired ion species,
Leung, K.N.; Ehlers, K.W.
Improved ion detector
An improved ion detector device of the ionization detection device chamber type comprises an ionization chamber having a central electrode therein surrounded by a cylindrical electrode member within the chamber with a collar frictionally fitted around at least one of the electrodes. The collar has electrical contact means carried in an annular groove in an inner bore of the collar to contact the outer surface of the electrode to provide electrical contact between an external terminal and the electrode without the need to solder leads to the electrode.
Tullis, A.M.
30 results: 30 results: BibTex RIS RTF XML Sort by: Author Title Type [ Year (Desc) ] Filters: Author is Amol Phadke [Clear All Filters] 2013 Shah, Nihar, Paul Waide, and Amol Phadke. Cooling the Planet: Opportunities for Deployment of Superefficient Room Air Conditioners., 2013. Park, Won Young, Amol Phadke, Nihar Shah, and Virginie E. Letschert. "Efficiency Improvement Opportunities in TVs: Implications for Market Transformation Programs." Energy Policy 59 (2013): 361-372. de la du Can, Stephane Rue, Amol Phadke, Greg Leventis, and Anand R. Gopal. A Global Review of Incentive Programs to Accelerate Energy-Efficient Appliances and Equipment., 2013. Sathaye, Nakul, Amol Phadke, Nihar Shah, and Virginie E. Letschert. Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency., 2013.
Towards improved CZT crystals.
Past experimental efforts to improve CZT crystals for gamma spectrometer applications have been focused on reducing micron-scale defects such as tellurium inclusions and precipitates. While these micron-scale defects are important, experiments have shown that the micron-scale variations in transport can be caused by the formation and aggregation of atomic-scale defects such as dislocations and point defect clusters. Moreover, dislocation cells have been found to act as nucleation sites that cause the formation of large precipitates. To better solve the uniformity problem of CZT, atomic-scale defects must be understood and controlled. To this end, we have begun to develop an atomistic model that can be used to reveal the effects of small-scale defects and to guide experiments for reducing both atomic- and micron-scale (tellurium inclusions and precipitates) defects. Our model will be based upon a bond order potential (BOP) to enable large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of material structures at a high-fidelity level that was not possible with alternative methods. To establish how BOP improves over existing approaches, we report here our recent work on the assessment of two representative literature CdTe interatomic potentials that are currently widely used: the Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential and the Tersoff-Rockett (TR) potential. Careful examinations of phases, defects, and surfaces of the CdTe system were performed. We began our study by using both potentials to evaluate the lattice constants and cohesive energies of various Cd, Te, and CdTe phases including dimer, trimer, chain, square, rhomboid, tetrahedron, diamond-cubic (dc), simple-cubic (sc), body-centered-cubic (bcc), face-centered cubic (fcc), hexagonal-close-packed (hcp), graphite-sheet, A8, zinc-blende (zb), wurtzite (wz), NaCl, CsCl, etc. We then compared the results with our calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) quantum mechanical method. We also evaluated the suitability of the two potentials to predict the surface reconstructions and surface energies, various defect configurations and defect energies (interstitials and voids), elastic constants, and melting temperatures of different phases. We found that both potentials predicted incorrect energy trends as compared with those predicted by the DFT method. Most seriously, both potentials predicted incorrect lowest energy phases. These studies clearly showed that the existing potentials are not sufficient for correctly predicting the charge transport properties of CdTe demonstrating the need for a new potential. We anticipate that our BOP method will overcome this problem and will accelerate the discovery of a synthesis approach to produce improved CZT crystals.
Zimmerman, Jonathan A.; Ward, Donald K.; Doty, F. Patrick; Wong, Bryan Matthew; Zhou, Xiao Wang
Pulsing solenoid improvement
A control system improvement is disclosed. A high speed air bleed path and a low speed air bleed path respectively bleed air into the high speed and low speed fuel circuits of a carburetor through either fuel circuit at any one time. A solenoid responsive to a control signal opens and closes the air bleed to control the quantity of air bled into the high speed and low speed circuits. The solenoid includes an isolator for isolating the high speed air bleed path from the low speed air bleed path to prevent cross flow of air from one air bleed path to the other. Cross flow of air between the paths adversely affects the degree of control over the delivery of fuel through the high speed and low speed fuel circuits.
Tipton, L.J.
Electronic ballast improves efficiency
As part of a DOE program, the performance of various electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps have been evaluated relative to high quality core-coil ballasts under similar ambient conditions. The results of this investigation are reported. Real energy savings can exceed 40% while comfort and quality of illumination are improved. A detailed comparison of two types of ballast is presented. Voltage effects and temperature effects as well as dimming features are discussed. Light levels, power energy consumption, and daylighting are also treated. It is concluded that, with the electronic ballast, an annual payback of $8.20/yr is possible as compared to the core-coil ballasted fluorescent lamp. Further, much greater flexibility in use is possible with the electronic ballast equipped lamp. (MJJ)
Verderber, R.R.
Improved steamflood analytical model
The Jeff Jones steamflood model incorporates oil displacement by steam as described by Myhill and Stegemeier, and a three-component capture factor based on empirical correlations. The main drawback of the model however is the unsatisfactory prediction of the oil production peak: usually significantly lower than the actual. Our study focuses on improving this aspect of the Jeff Jones model. In our study, we simulated the production performance of a 5-spot steamflood pattern unit and compared the results against those based on the Jeff Jones model. Three reservoir types were simulated using 3-D Cartesian black oil models: Hamaca (9�?°API), San Ardo (12�?°API) and that based on the SPE fourth comparative solution project (14�?°API). In the first two field cases, a 45x23x8 model was used that represented 1/8 of a 10-acre 5-spot pattern unit, using typical rock and reservoir fluid properties. In the SPE project case, three models were used: 23x12x12 (2.5 ac), 31x16x12 (5 ac) and 45x23x8 (10 ac), that represented 1/8 of a 5-spot pattern unit. To obtain a satisfactory match between simulation and Jeff Jones analytical model results of the start and height of the production peak, the following refinements to the Jeff Jones model were necessary. First, the dimensionless steam zone size AcD was modified to account for decrease in oil viscosity during steamflood and its dependence on the steam injection rate. Second, the dimensionless volume of displaced oil produced VoD was modified from its square-root format to an exponential form. The modified model gave very satisfactory results for production performance up to 20 years of simulated steamflood, compared to the original Jeff Jones model. Engineers will find the modified model an improved and useful tool for prediction of steamflood production performance.
Chandra, Suandy
Energy Optimization (Electric) - Residential Efficiency Program |
Energy Optimization (Electric) - Residential Efficiency Program Energy Optimization (Electric) - Residential Efficiency Program Energy Optimization (Electric) - Residential Efficiency Program < Back Eligibility Multi-Family Residential Residential Savings Category Home Weatherization Commercial Weatherization Heating & Cooling Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Appliances & Electronics Heat Pumps Commercial Lighting Lighting Water Heating Windows, Doors, & Skylights Maximum Rebate Ceiling Fans: 4 Smart Power Strip: 2 Pipe Wrap: 10 ln. ft. CFL Bulbs: 12 Refrigerator Recycling: 2 Program Info State Michigan Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount CFL Bulbs: Varies by retailer Ceiling Fan: $15 CFL Fixture: $15 LED Fixture/Downlight Kit: $20 LED Light Bulbs: $10 Smart Power Strip: $20 Room Air Conditioners: $20
2006 Draft Rulemaking Activities Data Sheets
2006 DRAFT RULEMAKING 2006 DRAFT RULEMAKING ACTIVITIES DATA SHEETS APPLIANCE STANDARDS BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY October 2005 1 Table of Contents (alphabetical order) Product Rulemaking Page Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps less than 65 kBtu/hr, 3-Phase (Commercial) Standards 1 Automatic Ice Makers (Commercial) Standards 2 Battery Chargers and External Power Supplies Determination 3 Battery Chargers and External Power Supplies Test Procedure 4 Ceiling Fans and Ceiling Fan Light Kits Standards 5 Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps (Residential) Standards 9 Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps (Residential) Test Procedure 10 Certain Incandescent Reflector Lamps (ER/BR) Coverage 11 Clothes Dryers (Residential) Standards 12
Maintenance Work Management Improvement: Improving Culture and Work Process
EPRI's Plant Maintenance Optimization (PMO) mission is to develop and demonstrate products and services for improved use of power plant maintenance resources and increased profitability. Based on a series of work management improvement projects, EPRI plans to develop a best practices guideline. As part of this effort, this document details how to improve fossil power plant work culture and work processes.
Estimate of Cost-Effective Potential for Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards in 13 Major World Economies Energy Savings, Environmental and Financial Impacts
percent and a four-blade fan design. The baseline price isThe three design options we evaluated are: 1. Improved fan
Letschert, Virginie E.
Refines Efficiency Improvement
Refinery processes that convert heavy oils to lighter distillate fuels require heating for distillation, hydrogen addition or carbon rejection (coking). Efficiency is limited by the formation of insoluble carbon-rich coke deposits. Heat exchangers and other refinery units must be shut down for mechanical coke removal, resulting in a significant loss of output and revenue. When a residuum is heated above the temperature at which pyrolysis occurs (340 C, 650 F), there is typically an induction period before coke formation begins (Magaril and Aksenova 1968, Wiehe 1993). To avoid fouling, refiners often stop heating a residuum before coke formation begins, using arbitrary criteria. In many cases, this heating is stopped sooner than need be, resulting in less than maximum product yield. Western Research Institute (WRI) has developed innovative Coking Index concepts (patent pending) which can be used for process control by refiners to heat residua to the threshold, but not beyond the point at which coke formation begins when petroleum residua materials are heated at pyrolysis temperatures (Schabron et al. 2001). The development of this universal predictor solves a long standing problem in petroleum refining. These Coking Indexes have great potential value in improving the efficiency of distillation processes. The Coking Indexes were found to apply to residua in a universal manner, and the theoretical basis for the indexes has been established (Schabron et al. 2001a, 2001b, 2001c). For the first time, a few simple measurements indicates how close undesired coke formation is on the coke formation induction time line. The Coking Indexes can lead to new process controls that can improve refinery distillation efficiency by several percentage points. Petroleum residua consist of an ordered continuum of solvated polar materials usually referred to as asphaltenes dispersed in a lower polarity solvent phase held together by intermediate polarity materials usually referred to as resins. The Coking Indexes focus on the amount of these intermediate polarity species since coke formation begins when these are depleted. Currently the Coking Indexes are determined by either titration or solubility measurements which must be performed in a laboratory. In the current work, various spectral, microscopic, and thermal techniques possibly leading to on-line analysis were explored for measuring the Coking Indexes.
Roadway Improvement Project Cost Allocation
Roadway Improvement Project Cost Allocation CTS 21st Annual Transportation Research Conference costs #12;Potential Applications · Roadway Project Feasibility Studies Identified potential roadway infrastructure improvement Documentation of estimated project costs Determine property assessments
Minnesota, University of
Heavy Vehicle Systems Optimization 2003 Annual Progress Report
... 55 A. Cooling Fan and System Performance and Efficiency Improvements Caterpillar Incorporated; R.L....
Project Performance Summaries Power Plant Improvement Initiative (PPII) Project Performance Summaries Project Performance Summaries are written after project completion. These...
Market Incentives to Improve Cybersecurity
Page 1. Market Incentives to Improve Cybersecurity Herb Lin ... threaten critical societal functions. � Regulation that imposes best practices on system ...
Managing Energy Efficiency Improvement
In 1991, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) introduced �Eco- Efficiency� as a management strategy to link financial and environmental performance to create more value with less ecological impact. Based on this strategy, CETAC-WEST (Canadian Environmental Technology Advancement Corporation - West), in mid-2000, introduced a practical approach to eco-efficiency to Western Canada's upstream oil and gas sector. The CETAC-WEST Eco-Efficiency Program, focused primarily on sour gas processing facilities, has developed methods and programs to identify opportunities for energy conservation and GHG reductions. The program outlined in this paper consists of four interrelated phases that are used to identify and track efficiency opportunities as well as promote the use of energy efficient methodologies and technologies. If, as program results suggest, 15% to 20% of the gas that is now consumed at by plant operations can be saved through efficiencies, it would save $500 to $700 million worth of gas for sale on the market. Although this small Pilot Program in the gas processing sector has surfaced major opportunities, there are significantly greater opportunities in other sectors with high GHG emissions intensity, such as sweet gas processing, conventional oil, heavy oil and oil sands. Capturing these opportunities will require a carefully considered strategy. This strategy should include, in addition to commitments for expanding the scope of the current Program, sustained leadership by industry champions and by governments - all aimed at changing the operating mode and improving the culture in the oil and gas industry.
Almaguer, J.
An improved process of bonding aluminum to aluminum without fusion by ultrasonic vibrations plus pressure is described. The surfaces to be bonded are coated with an aqueous solution of alkali metal stearate prior to assembling for bonding. (AEC) O H19504 Present information is reviewed on steady state proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of blood cells in mammals. Data are cited from metabolic tracer studies, autoradiographic studies, cytologic studies, studies of hematopoietic response to radiation injuries, and computer analyses of blood cell production. A 3-step model for erythropoiesis and a model for granulocyte kinetics are presented. New approaches to the study of lymphocytopoiesis described include extracorporeal blood irradiation to deplete lymphocytic tissue without direct injury to the formative tissues as a means to study the stressed system, function control, and rates of proliferation. It is pointed out that present knowledge indicates that lymphocytes comprise a mixed family, with diverse life spans, functions, and migration patterns with apparent aimless recycling from modes to lymph to blood to nodes that has not yet been quantitated. Areas of future research are postulated. (70 references.) (C.H.)
Padgett, E.V. Jr.; Warf, D.H.
Lake Improvement District Law and County Lake Improvement Program
Lake Improvement District Law and County Lake Improvement Program Lake Improvement District Law and County Lake Improvement Program (Minnesota) Lake Improvement District Law and County Lake Improvement Program (Minnesota) < Back Eligibility Utility Fed. Government Commercial Agricultural Investor-Owned Utility State/Provincial Govt Industrial Construction Municipal/Public Utility Local Government Residential Installer/Contractor Rural Electric Cooperative Tribal Government Low-Income Residential Schools Retail Supplier Institutional Multi-Family Residential Systems Integrator Fuel Distributor Nonprofit General Public/Consumer Transportation Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Minnesota Program Type Siting and Permitting Lake Improvement Districts may be established by county boards in order to
An Improved Algorithm for the Solution of the Entire Regulation Path ...
for example, [1, 2, 3, 4] and those that are designed specifically for linear kernel: ...... [13] R. Fan, P. Chen, and C. Lin, �Working set selection using second order�...
Estimates of achievable potential for electricity efficiency improvements in U.S. residences
U.S. DOE, Dec 1990). (9) Dishwashers: DOE Level 3 standardFuture Standard DOE 5 Dishwasher DOE 3 Cooking Furnace FansClotheswasher Clothesdryer Dishwasher Cooking Notes: (1)
Brown, Richard
51 - 24360 of 29,416 results. 51 - 24360 of 29,416 results. Rebate Income Tax Deduction for Energy-Efficient Products This incentive is available for dishwashers, clothes washers, air conditioners, ceiling fans, compact fluorescent light bulbs, dehumidifiers, programmable thermostats or refrigerators that meet or... http://energy.gov/savings/income-tax-deduction-energy-efficient-products Rebate Kenergy- Commercial and Industrial Rebate Program Kenergy offers commercial and industrial customers rebates for energy-efficient lighting and other energy efficient improvements. Customers can receive rebates of $350 per kilowatt of energy... http://energy.gov/savings/kenergy-commercial-and-industrial-rebate-program Rebate Local Option- Property Tax Exemption for Renewable Energy New Hampshire allows cities and towns to offer an exemption from
Microsoft Word - FANLBNL ReportDraft12102012.docx
LBNL Report Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency Nakul Sathaye, Amol Phadke**, Nihar Shah, Virginie Letschert ** Corresponding author: email@example.com Environmental Energy Technologies Division October 2012 This work was funded by the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, and administered by the U.S. Department of Energy in support of the Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) initiative through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231 Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States
Nanolubricants to Improve Chiller Performance
Nanolubricants to Improve Chiller Nanolubricants to Improve Chiller Performance Mark Kedzierski NIST email@example.com 301 975 5282 April 3, 2013 2 | Building Technologies Office eere.energy.gov Purpose & Objectives Problem Statement: Enabling technology for improving the efficiency of chillers that cool large buildings with nanolubricants. (Nanolubricants are not currently used in chillers.) Develop fundamental understanding of how nanolubricants enhance refrigerant/nanolubricant. What nanoparticle size,
Improving Building Control and System Operation Through the Continuous Commissioning� Process: A Case Study
Utilization of the Continuous Commissioning� process is presented in the case of the Consolidated Mission Support Center office building at Travis Air Force Base in Travis, California. The CC� process was applied to the building in early 2003. The examination of the heating, ventilating, and airconditioning (HVAC) and control systems revealed several areas where considerable improvement could be made, including air handling unit (AHU) operational parameters, terminal box and water loop operation, and Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) functionality. It also aided in the identification of mechanical systems needing repair. The optimization of the HVAC systems and advanced utilization of the EMCS reduced the combined heating and cooling energy consumption by 26% without capital intensive upgrades. Cooling energy decreased by 10%, heating energy was cut by over 40%, and fan power decreased by 28%. A hidden benefit to the implementation of the CC� process is the reduction in the human capital required to operate the building. Prior to commissioning, significant time was spent changing system operating setpoints in an attempt to save energy. These efforts are no longer required.
Redmann, N.; Liu, M.
NETL: Turbine Projects - Efficiency Improvement
Efficiency Improvemenet Turbine Projects Efficiency Improvemenet Advanced Hot Section Materials and Coatings Test Rig DataFact Sheets System Study for Improved Gas Turbine...
Technology Deployment Matrix Improvements - Updates
Laboratory September 15, 2011 2 | Interagency Technology Deployment Working Group eere.energy.gov Technology Deployment Matrix Improvement Efforts 1. Develop criteria for...
Improve energy performance | ENERGY STAR
track, and benchmark Improve energy performance ENERGY STAR industrial partnership Energy guides Energy efficiency and air regulation Plant energy auditing Industrial...
Improved MK42 Melting Model
An improved Mark 42 melting model has been defined for establishing confinement protection limits (CPLs). This report describes the new melting model and its application in computing CPLs.
Tudor, A.A.
Evaluation of design options for improving the energy efficiency of an environmentally safe domestic refrigerator-freezer
In order to reduce greenhouse emissions from power plants and respond to regulatory actions arising from the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA), several design options were investigated for improving the energy efficiency of a conventionally designed, domestic refrigerator-freezer. The options, such as improved cabinet insulation and high-efficiency compressor and fans, were incorporated into a prototype refrigerator-freezer cabinet and refrigeration system to produce a unit that is superior from an environmental viewpoint due to its lower energy consumption and the use of refrigerant HFC-134a as a replacement for CFC-12. Baseline energy performance of the original 1993 production refrigerator-freezer, along with cabinet heat load and compressor calorimeter test results, were extensively documented to provide a firm basis for experimentally measured energy savings. A detailed refrigerator system computer model was used to evaluate the energy savings for several design modifications that, collectively, could achieve a targeted energy consumption of 1.00 kWh/d for a 20 ft{sup 3} (570 l) top-mount, automatic-defrost, refrigerator-freezer. The energy consumption goal represents a 50% reduction in the 1993 NAECA standard for units of this size. Following the modeling simulation, laboratory prototypes were fabricated and tested to experimentally verify the analytical results and aid in improving the model in those areas where discrepancies occurred. While the 1.00 kWh/d goal was not achieved with the modifications, a substantial energy efficiency improvement of 22% (1.41 kWh/d) was demonstrated using near-term technologies. It is noted that each improvement exacts a penalty in terms of increased cost or system complexity/reliability. Further work on this project will analyze cost-effectiveness of the design changes and investigate alternative, more-elaborate, refrigeration system changes to further reduce energy consumption.
Vineyard, E.A.; Sand, J.R. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Bohman, R.H.
Feasibility of an appliance energy testing and labeling program for Sri Lanka
A feasibility study evaluated the costs and benefits of establishing a program for testing, labeling and setting minimum efficiency standards for appliances and lighting in Sri Lanka. The feasibility study included: refrigerators, air-conditioners, flourescent lighting (ballasts & CFls), ceiling fans, motors, and televisions.
Biermayer, Peter; Busch, John; Hakim, Sajid; Turiel, Issac; du Pont, Peter; Stone, Chris
Million U.S. Housing Units Total...............................
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
... 25.8 23.8 0.7 0.5 Q 0.6 Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan Used All Summer... 18.7 13.5 1.0 1.0 2.1 1.1...
" Million Housing Units, Final...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
"4 or More",27.4,2.4,0.9,2.8,2.9,3.7,4.2,5.4,5.1 "Frequency of Most-Used" "Ceiling Fan Use" "All Summer",30.4,3.1,1.2,2.9,3,4.7,4.8,5.8,4.9 "Quite a Bit",21.2,2.6,0.9,2.5,2.2...
" Million Housing Units, Final"
"4 or More",27.4,2.6,5.2,5.7,4,3.3,2.2,4.4,2 "Frequency of Most-Used" "Ceiling Fan Use" "All Summer",30.4,4.8,7,5.9,4.2,2.9,2,3.6,3.4 "Quite a Bit",21.2,3.3,4.6,3.9,3.1,2...
"Table HC15.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Four Most...
3,12.3,0.4,1.2,1,0.9 "4 or More",25.8,0.7,2.7,3.2,1.9 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,1.1,0.9,0.9,2.1 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,1,1.1,1.2,1.7 "Used...
"4 or More",27.4,4.4,9.4,4.8,4.8,3.9 "Frequency of Most-Used" "Ceiling Fan Use" "All Summer",30.4,6.5,10.3,5.1,4.8,3.6 "Quite a Bit",21.2,4.9,6.8,3.6,3.5,2.3...
"Table HC10.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by U.S. Census...
3,12.3,1.8,3.4,5.3,1.8 "4 or More",25.8,2.8,6.1,13.2,3.8 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,3.5,4.9,6,4.4 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.1,4.1,5.8,3.2 "Used...
... 25.8 1.4 5.0 4.8 5.7 8.9 Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan Used All Summer... 18.7 2.3 4.6 4.9 4.3 2.6...
"Table HC12.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Midwest Census...
3,12.3,3.4,2.3,1.1 "4 or More",25.8,6.1,3.7,2.3 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,4.9,3.4,1.5 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,4.1,3,1.1 "Used Only a Few...
"Table HC7.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Household...
"4 or More",25.8,2.8,5.8,5.5,3.8,7.9,1.4,5.1 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,4.2,4.9,4.1,2.1,3.4,2.4,6.3 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.4,3.8,3.3...
"Table HC8.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Urban/Rural...
3,12.3,5,2.1,2.6,2.6 "4 or More",25.8,8.6,4.7,6.7,5.8 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,7.1,3.2,4.3,4.1 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,6.3,2.8,3.4,3.7 "Used...
Table HC6.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Number of Household...
... 25.8 4.1 9.3 4.7 4.5 3.2 Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan Used All Summer... 18.7 4.7 6.0 2.9 2.9...
... 25.8 2.8 5.8 5.5 3.8 7.9 1.4 5.1 Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan Used All Summer... 18.7 4.2 4.9 4.1 2.1 3.4 2.4 6.3...
"Table HC14.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by West Census...
3,12.3,1.8,0.7,1.1 "4 or More",25.8,3.8,1.6,2.2 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,4.4,1.4,2.9 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.2,1,2.2 "Used Only a Few...
" Million U.S. Housing Units"
"4 or More",25.8,2.6,1.5,2.8,2.5,3.7,4.3,5.6,2.8 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,2.6,1.2,2.4,2.2,3.5,2.5,3,1.3 "Used Quite a...
... 25.8 2.6 1.5 2.8 2.5 3.7 4.3 5.6 2.8 Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan Used All Summer... 18.7 2.6 1.2 2.4 2.2 3.5...
"4 or More",27.4,3.3,0.8,0.3,0.5,2.5,0.7,1.1,0.7 "Frequency of Most-Used" "Ceiling Fan Use" "All Summer",30.4,3.1,0.6,0.3,0.3,2.5,0.8,1.1,0.7 "Quite a Bit",21.2,3.7,1,0.3,0.7...
More",27.4,4,1.9,0.5,0.2,"Q",1.3,0.9,0.5,2.1,1.9,0.2 "Frequency of Most-Used" "Ceiling Fan Use" "All Summer",30.4,5,2.3,0.7,0.3,0.4,1.6,1,0.6,2.7,2.1,0.6 "Quite a...
Preliminary Release: August 19, 2011",,,,,,,,,,,,,"Released:...
"4 or More",27.4,6.4,9.9,3.6,7.2,0.3 "Frequency of Most-Used" "Ceiling Fan Use" "All Summer",30.4,7,11.2,3.9,7.7,0.6 "Quite a Bit",21.2,7.5,6.6,2.6,3.6,0.8 "Only...
3,13.6,1.9,3.4,6,2.3 "4 or More",27.4,3.3,5.4,14.7,4 "Frequency of Most-Used" "Ceiling Fan Use" "All Summer",30.4,3.1,6.1,16.2,5 "Quite a Bit",21.2,3.7,5.4,8,4.1 "Only A Few...
"Table HC13.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by South Census...
3,12.3,5.3,2.7,1,1.6 "4 or More",25.8,13.2,6.2,2.3,4.7 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,6,3.6,1,1.3 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,5.8,3.2,0.9,1.6 "Used Only...
"Table HC3.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied...
"4 or More",25.8,23.7,22.1,0.6,"Q","Q",0.6 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,14.7,12.3,0.8,"Q",0.3,1 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,13,11.1,0.7,0.4...
"Table HC11.10 Home Appliances Usage Indicators by Northeast...
3,12.3,1.8,1.3,0.5 "4 or More",25.8,2.8,2.3,0.5 "Use of Most-Used Ceiling Fan" "Used All Summer",18.7,3.5,2.6,0.9 "Used Quite a Bit",16.2,3.1,2.4,0.7 "Used Only a...
or More",27.4,5.4,3.6,1.2,0.6,0.4,1.5,1.8,0.7,0.7,0.5 "Frequency of Most-Used" "Ceiling Fan Use" "All Summer",30.4,6.1,3.9,1.3,0.9,0.4,1.3,2.2,0.7,0.9,0.6 "Quite a...
"4 or More",27.4,24.5,1,0.5,0.4,1 "Frequency of Most-Used" "Ceiling Fan Use" "All Summer",30.4,22.2,1.4,1.4,2.8,2.6 "Quite a Bit",21.2,15.5,1.2,1.2,2.4,0.9...
improve | OpenEI Community
improve improve Home Dc's picture Submitted by Dc(15) Member 17 September, 2013 - 12:39 Are you willing to reply to a text message once a day with information about your comfort level at your indoor location? building comfort design improve incentive indoor message sms text Yes 60% (3 votes) No 0% (0 votes) Maybe if I had an incentive 20% (1 vote) Maybe if my reply is confidential and anonymous 0% (0 votes) Maybe if the data will be used to improve building design 20% (1 vote) Total votes: 5 Buildings account for roughly 40% of all U.S. energy use (70% of all electricity): residential buildings account for 22% of all U.S. energy use and commercial buildings account for 18% of all U.S. energy use[i]. There is an unanswered need for information about buildings in use and how building design affects building occupant comfort, productivity, and, by
An Improved Raindrop Chemistry Spectrometer
A spectrometer allowing size-fractional chemical analysis of raindrops has been described previously by the authors. Modifications to this raindrop chemistry spectrometer now allow improved performance in windy conditions. Instrument ...
Stuart G. Bradley; Stephen J. Adams; C. David Stow; Stephen J. de Mora
Heat Rate Improvement Reference Manual
Performance optimization of fossil power plants is a high priority within the electric utilities in the new competitive environment. This manual can help utility engineers establish a heat rate improvement program.
Improved electrolytes for fuel cells
Present day fuel cells based upon hydrogen and oxygen have limited performance due to the use of phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. Improved performance is desirable in electrolyte conductivity, electrolyte management, oxygen solubility, and the kinetics of the reduction of oxygen. Attention has turned to fluorosulfonic acids as additives or substitute electrolytes to improve fuel cell performance. The purpose of this project is to synthesize and electrochemically evaluate new fluorosulfonic acids as superior alternatives to phosphoric acid in fuel cells. (VC)
Gard, G.L.; Roe, D.K.
2011 Heat Rate Improvement Conference
With the rising cost of fuel and the strong possibility of CO2 emissions regulations and limitations in the near future, utilities and power generation companies are focusing on power plant heat rate and performance. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) 17th Heat Rate Improvement Conference is the latest in a series of meetings designed to assist attendees in addressing problems with power plant performance and in identifying cost-effective solutions for achieving and sustaining heat rate improve...
Butler Rural Electric Cooperative - Energy Efficiency Improvement...
Energy Efficiency Improvement Loan Program Butler Rural Electric Cooperative - Energy Efficiency Improvement Loan Program Eligibility Residential Savings For Home Weatherization...
Efficiency Improvement Opportunities for Personal Computer Monitors...
Efficiency Improvement Opportunities for Personal Computer Monitors: Implications for Market Transformation Programs Title Efficiency Improvement Opportunities for Personal...
Improving the efficiency of residential air-distribution systems in California, Phase 1
This report describes the results of the first phase of a multiyear research project. The project`s goal is to investigate ways to improve the efficiency of air-distribution systems in detached, single-family residences in California. First-year efforts included: A survey of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) contractors in California. A 31-house field study of distribution-system performance based on diagnostic measurements. Development of an integrated air-flow and thermal-simulation tool for investigating residential air-distribution system performance. Highlights of the field results include the following: Building envelopes for houses built after 1979 appear to be approximately 30% tighter. Duct-system tightness showed no apparent improvement in post-1979 houses. Distribution-fan operation added an average of 0.45 air changes per hour (ACH) to the average measured rate of 0.24 ACH. The simulation tool developed is based on DOE-2 for the thermal simulations and on MOVECOMP, an air-flow network simulation model, for the duct/house leakage and flow interactions. The first complete set of simulations performed (for a ranch house in Sacramento) indicated that the overall heating-season efficiency of the duct systems was approximately 65% to 70% and that the overall cooling-season efficiency was between 60% and 75%. The wide range in cooling-season efficiency reflects the difference between systems with attic return ducts and those with crawl-space return ducts, the former being less efficient. The simulations also indicated that the building envelope`s UA-value, a measurement of thermoconductivity, did not have a significant impact on the overall efficiency of the air-distribution system.
Modera, M.; Dickerhoff, D.; Jansky, R.; Smith, B.
Improving Ventilation and Saving Energy: Final Report on Indoor Environmental Quality and Energy Monitoring in Sixteen Relocatable Classrooms
An improved HVAC system for portable classrooms was specified to address key problems in existing units. These included low energy efficiency, poor control of and provision for adequate ventilation, and excessive acoustic noise. Working with industry, a prototype improved heat pump air conditioner was developed to meet the specification. A one-year measurement-intensive field-test of ten of these IHPAC systems was conducted in occupied classrooms in two distinct California climates. These measurements are compared to those made in parallel in side by side portable classrooms equipped with standard 10 SEER heat pump air conditioner equipment. The IHPAC units were found to work as designed, providing predicted annual energy efficiency improvements of about 36 percent to 42 percent across California's climate zones, relative to 10 SEER units. Classroom ventilation was vastly improved as evidenced by far lower indoor minus outdoor CO2 concentrations. TheIHPAC units were found to provide ventilation that meets both California State energy and occupational codes and the ASHRAE minimum ventilation requirements; the classrooms equipped with the 10 SEER equipment universally did not meet these targets. The IHPAC system provided a major improvement in indoor acoustic conditions. HVAC system generated background noise was reduced in fan-only and fan and compressor modes, reducing the nose levels to better than the design objective of 45 dB(A), and acceptable for additional design points by the Collaborative on High Performance Schools. The IHPAC provided superior ventilation, with indoor minus outdoor CO2 concentrations that showed that the Title 24 minimum ventilation requirement of 15 CFM per occupant was nearly always being met. The opposite was found in the classrooms utilizing the 10 SEER system, where the indoor minus outdoor CO2 concentrations frequently exceeded levels that reflect inadequate ventilation. Improved ventilation conditions in the IHPAC lead to effective removal of volatile organic compounds and aldehydes, on average lowering the concentrations by 57 percent relative to the levels in the 10 SEER classrooms. The average IHPAC to 10 SEER formaldehyde ratio was about 67 percent, indicating only a 33 percent reduction of this compound in indoor air. The IHPAC thermal control system provided less variability in occupied classroom temperature than the 10 SEER thermostats. The average room temperatures in all seasons tended to be slightly lower in the IHPAC classrooms, often below the lower limit of the ASHRAE 55 thermal comfort band. State-wide and national energy modeling provided conservative estimates of potential energy savings by use of the IHPAC system that would provide payback a the range of time far lower than the lifetime of the equipment. Assuming electricity costs of $0.15/kWh, the perclassroom range of savings is from about $85 to $195 per year in California, and about $89 to $250 per year in the U.S., depending upon the city. These modelsdid not include the non-energy benefits to the classrooms including better air quality and acoustic conditions that could lead to improved health and learning in school. Market connection efforts that were part of the study give all indication that this has been a very successful project. The successes include the specification of the IHPAC equipment in the CHPS portable classroom standards, the release of a commercial product based on the standards that is now being installed in schools around the U.S., and the fact that a public utility company is currently considering the addition of the technology to its customer incentive program. These successes indicate that the IHPAC may reach its potential to improve ventilation and save energy in classrooms.
Michael G. Apte, Bourassa Norman, David Faulkner, Alfred T. Hodgson,; Toshfumi Hotchi, Michael Spears, Douglas P. Sullivan, and Duo Wang; Apte, Michael; Apte, Michael G.; Norman, Bourassa; Faulkner, David; Hodgson, Alfred T.; Hotchi, Toshfumi; Spears, Michael; Sullivan, Douglas P.; Wang, Duo
An Improved Tissue Culture System
Improved Improved Tissue Culture System for Embryogenic Callus Production and Plant Regeneration in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Jason N. Burris & David G. J. Mann & Blake L. Joyce & C. Neal Stewart Jr. Published online: 10 October 2009 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. 2009 Abstract The increased emphasis on research of dedicated biomass and biofuel crops begs for biotechnology method improvements. For switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), one limitation is inefficient tissue culture and transformation systems. The objectives of this study were to investigate the utility of a new medium described here, LP9, for the production and maintenance of switchgrass callus and its regeneration, which also enables genetic transformation. LP9 medium is not based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, the basal medium that all published switchgrass transformation has been
HVAC Improvements for Existing Houses
HVAC Improvements for Existing Houses HVAC Improvements for Existing Houses Speaker(s): Chryséis Bovagnet Date: September 5, 2002 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Many older houses in the US are either not well designed from a thermal point of view or have HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems in need of repairs or improvements. The building envelopes tend to have poor insulation and lots of leakage, and the HVAC systems are inefficient. The cooling/heating equipment is often located outside of the conditioned space (e.g. in attics or crawlspaces) with ducts that leak and have poor insulation, which cause energy loss and bad occupant comfort on peak days or in extreme climates. We developed a series of retrofits that will allow us to reduce the energy consumption of residential HVAC
Waste Management Process Improvement Project
The Bechtel Hanford-led Environmental Restoration Contractor team's Waste Management Process Improvement Project is working diligently with the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Richland Operations Office to improve the waste management process to meet DOE's need for an efficient, cost-effective program for the management of dangerous, low-level and mixed-low-level waste. Additionally the program must meet all applicable regulatory requirements. The need for improvement was highlighted when a change in the Groundwater/Vadose Zone Integration Project's waste management practices resulted in a larger amount of waste being generated than the waste management organization had been set up to handle.
Atwood, J.; Borden, G.; Rangel, G. R.
Photovoltaic Cz Silicon Module Improvements
Work focused on reducing the cost per watt of Cz silicon photovoltaic modules under Phase II of Siemens Solar Industries' DOE/NREL PVMaT 4A subcontract is described in this report. New module designs were deployed in this phase of the contract, improvements in yield of over 10% were realized, and further implementation of Statistical Process Control was achieved during this phase. Module configurations representing a 12% cost reduction per watt were implemented in small scale production under Phase II of this contract. Yield improvements are described in detail, yield sensitivity to wafer thickness is quantified, and the deployment of SPC in critical process steps is reported here.
Jester, T. L.
Zymomonas with improved xylose utilization
Strains of Zymomonas were engineered by introducing a chimeric xylose isomerase gene that contains a mutant promoter of the Z. mobilis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. The promoter directs increased expression of xylose isomerase, and when the strain is in addition engineered for expression of xylulokinase, transaldolase and transketolase, improved utilization of xylose is obtained.
Viitanen, Paul V. (West Chester, PA); Tao, Luan (Havertown, PA); Zhang, Yuying (New Hope, PA); Caimi, Perry G. (Kennett Square, PA); McCutchen, Carol M. (Wilmington, DE); McCole, Laura (East Fallowfield, PA); Zhang, Min (Lakewood, CO); Chou, Yat-Chen (Lakewood, CO); Franden, Mary Ann (Centennial, CO)
Improved photovoltaic cells and electrodes
Improved photovoltaic cells and electrodes for use therein, particularly electrodes employing amorphous silicon or polyacetylene coating are produced by a process which includes filling pinholes or porous openings in the coatings by electrochemical oxidation of selected monomers to deposit insulating polymer in the openings.
Skotheim, T.A.
An improved slicer for Java
We present an improved slicing algorithm for Java. The best algorithm known so far, first presented in [11], is not always precise if nested objects are used as actual parameters. The new algorithm presented in this paper always generates correct and ... Keywords: Java, object trees, static program slicing
Christian Hammer; Gregor Snelting
fan and compressor modes, reducing the nose levels to better than the designfan and compressor modes, reducing the nose levels to better than the designfan; of these, system noise and thermostat/control design
Apte, Michael; Michael G. Apte, Bourassa Norman, David Faulkner, Alfred T. Hodgson,; Toshfumi Hotchi, Michael Spears, Douglas P. Sullivan, and Duo Wang
ENERGY STAR Certified Homes, Version 3 (Rev. 07) Inspection Checklists...
surfaces, regardless of slope (e.g., cathedral ceilings, tray ceilings, conditioned attic roof decks, flat ceilings, sloped ceilings), must meet the requirements for ceilings. 11....
Emerging Grid Reliability Improvement Technologies
The initial phase of a planned comprehensive Eastern Interconnection (EI) segmentation study is complete. As part of the preparations for completion of the EI study, and to carry out a similar effort for the Western Interconnection (WI), it was necessary to first investigate the potential of other technologies to compete with segmentation. This report discusses emerging grid reliability improvement technologies, providing a perspective on the pros and cons of segmentation, the grid shock absorber concept...
Research highlights potential for improved solar cells
Potential for improved solar cells Research highlights potential for improved solar cells Research has shown that carrier multiplication is a real phenomenon in tiny semiconductor...
Improving the Performance of Lithium Manganese Phosphate
Improving the Performance of Lithium Manganese Phosphate Title Improving the Performance of Lithium Manganese Phosphate Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2009...
Improving Forecasting: A plea for historical retrospectives
Improving Forecasting: A plea for historical retrospectives Title Improving Forecasting: A plea for historical retrospectives Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication...
Improving Ventilation and Saving Energy: Relocatable Classroom...
Improving Ventilation and Saving Energy: Relocatable Classroom Field Study Interim Report Title Improving Ventilation and Saving Energy: Relocatable Classroom Field Study Interim...
Improvements in solid desiccant cooling
The DINC (Direct-Indirect Evaporative Cooling) cycle was proposed in 1986 by Texas A and M researchers. The idea was to combine the benefits of direct and indirect evaporative cooling with desiccant dehumidifying using a rotating solid silica-gel dehumidifier. Recent parametric studies completed for the Texas Energy Research in Applications Program have developed a computer design for a nominal 3-ton system that would minimize the energy consumption (both thermal and electric) while maintaining a sensible heat ratio of 75% or less. That optimum design for the original 1986 DINC cycle was modified to improve its energy efficiency. The modifications described in this paper were: (1) staging the desiccant regeneration air and (2) recirculation of the primary air to the secondary side of the indirect evaporative cooling. Computer simulations were run to study the effect of the modifications on the performance of the system. American Refrigeration Institute (AIR) standard conditions (Ambient air at 35C, 40% R.H. and Room air at 26.7C, 50% R.H.) were used for all the modifications. Results were also compared to the familiar Pennington (ventilation) cycle. The study indicated that recirculating the indirect evaporative cooler air only degenerated the performance. However, staging a portion of the regeneration air could improve the thermal coefficient of Performance by 25% over the non-staged DINC cycle. Compared to a similar staged-regeneration Pennington cycle it is a 16% improvement in thermal COP and the sensible heat ratio was 70%.
Waugaman, D.; Kini, A.; Kettleborough, C.F. (Texas A and M Univ., College Station (United States))
NIST 'Hybrid Metrology' Method Could Improve Computer ...
NIST 'Hybrid Metrology' Method Could Improve Computer Chips. From NIST Tech Beat: September 5, 2012. ...
Commissioning Building Systems for Improved Energy ...
Commissioning Building Systems for Improved Energy Performance Project. Summary: NIST will advance commercial building ...
Automate feeders to improve reliability
Pacific Gas and Electric Co. (PG and E) improved system reliability and saved money with an alarm and control system for substation distribution switches using remote control by standard telephone-communication links. The method is especially well suited for urban and suburban areas with independent telephone and power systems. The automated systems can also add capability to areas now limited by the emergency capability. The primary distribution alarm and control system has both a substation and a field switch element. Photographs accompanying the description help to explain how the controls work. 7 figures. (DCK)
Improving Energy Efficiency of Auxiliaries
The summaries of this report are: Economics Ultimately Dictates Direction; Electric Auxiliaries Provide Solid Benefits. The Impact on Vehicle Architecture Will be Important; Integrated Generators With Combined With Turbo Generators Can Meet the Electrical Demands of Electric Auxiliaries; Implementation Will Follow Automotive 42V Transition; Availability of Low Cost Hardware Will Slow Implementation; Industry Leadership and Cooperation Needed; Standards and Safety Protocols Will be Important. Government Can Play an Important Role in Expediting: Funding Technical Development; Incentives for Improving Fuel Economy; Developing Standards, Allowing Economy of Scale; and Providing Safety Guidelines.
Carl T. Vuk
Directions for improved fusion reactors
Conceptual fusion reactor studies over the past 10 to 15 years have projected systems that may be too large, complex, and costly to be of commercial interest. One main direction for improved fusion reactors points towards smaller, higher-power-density approaches. First-order economic issues (i.e., unit direct cost and cost of electricity) are used to support the need for more compact fusion reactors. A generic fusion physics/engineering/costing model is used to provide a quantiative basis for these arguments for specific fusion concepts.
Krakowski, R.A.; Miller, R.L.; Delene, J.G.
Improved intake air filtration systems
This report comprises the results of a project sponsored by the Pipeline Research Committee of the American Gas Association (Improved Intake Air Filtration Systems). The quality of the inlet air consumed by pipeline gas turbines plays a significant role in the performance, maintenance, and economy of turbine operations. The airborne contaminants may cause degradation of compressor blades and hot gas path components, primarily by erosion, corrosion, and fouling. Machines in the pipeline fleet have a typical average loss of 3.5% in output, chiefly caused by fouling of the gas turbine compressor. It also showed that: Air contamination could be significantly reduced by the use of more efficient air filtration systems, especially through the reduction of the quantity of smaller particles ingested.'' Filters which incorporated electrostatically charged fibers (achieved through the use of triboelectric [TE] effects) offered the most promising means for developing an improvement over paper media. The purpose of this program was to validate the use of new technology for self-cleaning air inlet filtration on gas turbine pumping applications. An approach utilizing triboelectrification of fabric filters was examined by testing to determine the penetration (efficiency), cleanability, pressure drop vs flow, and dust-holding capacity of seven pairs of filter cartridges: six fabric and one paper.
Lawson, C.C. (Lawson (Calvin C.), North Wildwood, NJ (United States))
Green Cooling: Improving Chiller Efficiency
1 1 Green Cooling: Improving Chiller Efficiency This new chiller simulation module being developed by Building Performance Assurance Project members will help building managers compare optimal and actual chiller efficiency. Chillers are the single largest energy consumers in commercial buildings. These machines create peaks in electric power consumption, typically during summer afternoons. In fact, 23% of electricity generation is associated with powering chillers that use CFCs and HCFCs, ozone-depleting refrigerants. Satisfying the peak demand caused by chillers forces utilities to build new power plants. However, because chiller plants run the most when the weather is hot and very little at other times, their load factors - and hence the utilities' load factors (the percentage of time the
IMPROVE and Other National Programs
Atmospheric deposition is the result of air pollution gases and aerosols leaving the atmosphere as �dry � or �wet � deposition. Little is known about just how much pollution is deposited onto soils, lakes and streams. To determine the extent and trends of forest exposure to air pollution, various types of monitoring have been conducted. In this study, we evaluate data from different rural air monitoring programs to determine whether or not they may have wider applications in resource monitoring and protection. This report analyzes location-specific data collected by three national programs: The CASTNET (NDDN) Network supported by the Environmental Protection Agency, the IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) network supported by federal land managers, and the NADP/NTN program supported by many agencies.
United States; Forest Service; Karl Zeller; Debra Youngblood Harrington; Richard Fisher; Evgeny Donev Abstract; Karl Harrington; Debra Youngblood Fisher; Richard Donev; Evgeny Determining
Improvements of biomass deconstruction enzymes
Sandia National Laboratories and DSM Innovation, Inc. collaborated on the investigation of the structure and function of cellulases from thermophilic fungi. Sandia's role was to use its expertise in protein structure determination and X-ray crystallography to solve the structure of these enzymes in their native state and in their substrate and product bound states. Sandia was also tasked to work with DSM to use the newly solved structure to, using computational approaches, analyze enzyme interactions with both bound substrate and bound product; the goal being to develop approaches for rationally designing improved cellulases for biomass deconstruction. We solved the structures of five cellulases from thermophilic fungi. Several of these were also solved with bound substrate/product, which allowed us to predict mutations that might enhance activity and stability.
Sale, K. L.
Hadronic Screening in Improved Taste
We present our results on meson and nucleon screening masses in finite temperature two flavour QCD using smeared staggered valence quarks and staggered thin-link sea quarks with different lattice spacings and quark masses. We investigate optimization of smearing by observing its effects on the infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) components of gluon and quark fields. The application of smearing to screening at finite temperature also provides a transparent window into the mechanism of the interplay of smearing and chiral symmetry. The improved hadronic operators show that above the finite temperature cross over, T_c, screening masses are consistent with weak-coupling predictions. There is also evidence for a rapid opening up of a spectral gap of the Dirac operator immediately above T_c.
Sourendu Gupta; Nikhil Karthik
Catalysts for improved fuel processing
This report covers our technical progress on fuel processing catalyst characterization for the specific purpose of hydrogen production for proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells. These development efforts support DOE activities in the development of compact, transient capable reformers for on-board hydrogen generation starting from candidate fuels. The long-term objective includes increased durability and lifetime, in addition to smaller volume, improved performance, and other specifications required meeting fuel processor goals. The technical barriers of compact fuel processor size, transient capability, and compact, efficient thermal management all are functions of catalyst performance. Significantly, work at LANL now tests large-scale fuel processors for performance and durability, as influenced by fuels and fuel constituents, and complements that testing with micro-scale catalyst evaluation which is accomplished under well controlled conditions.
Borup, R.L.; Inbody, M.A. [and others
Improved correlations for retrograde gases
Three correlations for retrograde gases have been developed. First, a correlation was developed that relates the composition of a retrograde gas-condensate mixture at any depletion stage to the composition at its dew point pressure. This correlation is as accurate as previous correlations, and in addition, to the composition, it includes the trends for molecular weight of heptanes plus fraction (A4WC7+), specific gravity of heptanes plus fraction (SGC7+), gas produced (GP) and fraction of liquid (FL). Second, a correlation to describe the molar distribution Of C7+ of a gas-condensate mixture as a function of carbon number (CN), the C6 mole fraction and the properties Of C7+ has been developed. For comparison, the Ahmed, et aL, and Whitson methods were evaluated using a data base of 52 extended (from C]5+ and up) retrograde gascondensate samples. The evaluation of the Ahmed, et al. and Whitson methods showed that both methods are better than the new method. The Ahmed, et aL method does a better overall job than the Vvlhitson method. Comparing the relative error, Ahmed, et al. method had an error of 20.6 percent, and Whitson's method had an error of 25.1 percent. Third, a new and improved retrograde dew point pressure correlation has been developed. The new dew point correlation is an improvement of the Kennedy-Nemeth dew point correlation. Contrary to the Kennedy-Nemeth correlation, temperature is not included in the new correlation. The new dew point correlation is based on composition and the C7+ properties, molecular weight and specific gravity of the heptanes plus fraction.
Crogh, Arne
Final Report: Fan Filter Unit Project
61684 61684 Demonstration of Advanced Filtration Technologies: Developing Energy-rebate Criteria through Performing Standard Laboratory Tests and Statistical Analyses Final Report (LBNL- 61684) To California Energy Commission 2007 Tengfang Xu and Duo Wang 2 Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government and California Energy Commission. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor California Energy Commission, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (
Thermal Biology 31:53�9. ASHRAE. 2004. ANSI/ASHRAE Standardand field measurements. ASHRAE Transactions 99(2):733�49.system in office building. ASHRAE Transactions 104(1):1153�
of the cooling effect measured with the thermal manikin andThe mea- sured cooling effect with the thermal manikin isby a thermal manikin to quantify the cooling effects of air
Filter-Analyzer Neutron Spectrometer (FANS)
... Soc., Div. Fuel Chem ... H. Kabbour, and CC Ahn, "Hydrogen Adsorption in MOF-74 Studied by Inelastic Neutron Scattering", in Life Cycle Analysis for ...