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THE Red Bull driver saw off Hamilton, who will start in second, while his teammate Mark Webber will start 13th after a 10-place grid penalty.
IT is now a question of when, not if, Vettel wins his fourth world title this season and some Formula One fans are not happy.
VETTEL sealed a third straight win this season today in Singapore and it seems only a matter of time before he claims a fourth successive Formula One world title.
THE German world champion was made to sweat after his rivals began their qualifying laps on new super-soft tyres.
MERCEDES driver Hamilton revealed that collecting another runners-up trophy would be a "pain in the backside".
THE German recognises that a win in Singapore this weekend would take him to almost within touching distance of another world title, but says he is facing "one of the toughest races of the year."
BUTTON says that although Vettel may be winning, the racing is a lot more fun that it was during Michael Schumacher's reign as the king of Formula 1.
RED Bull hero humiliates pursuers with crushing victory at spectacular venue.
HAMILTON set the pace at a rain-lashed Spa-Francorchamps and will start tomorrow's Belgian Grand Prix in pole position.
THE Spaniard struggled as bad weather conditions made today's qualifying a lottery, but he insists he can still win tomorrow.
THE Spaniard looked in menacing form in today's practise session as he looks for a strong start to the second half of the Formula 1 season in the Belgian Grand Prix.
LOTUS state that the Finn will not be at the Spa-Francorchamps ahead of this weekend's Belgian Grand Prix "due to illness", but will be at the track for Friday's two practice sessions.
THE Englishman sealed a maiden victory with new team Mercedes yesterday, but his mind was elsewhere as he thanked the former Pussycat Dolls singer.
HAMILTON has racked up three consecutive pole positions, for the first time in his career, as the Mercedes team continues to experiment with new tyres on the track.
THE German has failed in his five previous attempts to take the chequered flag in front of his own fans and clinched the win by a single second this afternoon.
THIS Sunday's Grand Prix has already been overshadowed by exploding tyres and boycott threats, although the drivers will be feeling a lot better after today's session.
THE Grand Prix Drivers' Association last night claimed they'll pull out of the race if practice and qualifying are marred by more tyre malfunctions.
THE Englishman has revealed his fears with fellow drivers considering a boycott of this weekend's German Grand Prix.
THE British driving ace took the top spot, while his Mercedes team-mate Nico Rosberg finished second in qualifying ahead of tomorrow's race.
THE Englishman admits McLaren have no chance of winning this year's Formula One title after the team's worst race in three and a half years in Canada.
STAFF at the track have been left 'devastated' after the worker was run over by a crane, removing a car from the course.
THE German Red Bull driver was never troubled in Canada, finishing 14 seconds clear of title rival Fernando Alonso.
THE German driver followed in his father's footsteps to win the Monaco Grand Prix, despite the race suffering from a number of crashes.
THE racing legend says Nico Rosberg is more of a threat than big guns Sebastian Vittel or Fernando Alonso.
THE Mercedes driver is aiming for a hat-trick of Monaco Grand Prix crowns in the principality and looked in ominous form in today's practise session.
THE Spaniard finished nine seconds clear of Kimi Raikkonen in an incident packed Grand Prix marred by technical failures.
RED Bull have hit back at claims there's a conspiracy against Mark Webber as his wheel comes off during the weekend's F1 race in Shanghai
THE Spaniard crossed the line in Shanghai 'with plenty to spare' today and is now being touted as a contender for the Formula One championship.
THE PAST few weeks have seen Vettel ignore his orders and challenge his authority, but the Red Bull team principal has denied that he has lost control.
HAVING been betrayed by his team-mate at the Malaysian Grand Prix the Australian is unwilling to make an early commitment.
BOTH teams were criticised in the wake of the Grand Prix in Malaysia and now Lotus have added their voice to the chorus of complaints - while Sebastian Vettel remains unapologetic.
RESENTMENT is growing between Mark Webber and Sebastian Vettel and the former world champion sees parallels with his father's tragic death.
VETTEL stunned the Formula One world when he refused to support his team-mate and stole victory in Malaysia, but Red Bull believe Webber will stay on.
MCCARTHY on why we should take lessons from curling champion Eve Muirhead, who's penalty paid off.
WORLD champion at odds with Aussie ace as selfish stunt by German driver secures a controversial victory and causes huge rift in Red Bull team
THE German was admonished over the radio by his own team boss as he clinched the 27th F1 win of his career.
THE Brit finished fifth in the Australian Grand Prix, better than he had expected, but still reckons they have no chance of winning the title.
THE 33-YEAR-OLD has paid tribute to his crew after the Lotus team made a roaring start to the Formula One season in Melbourne.
THE ENGLISHMAN has taken confidence from Mercedes' positive start to the season while his former team-mate took no pleasure in hitting a career milestone 1000 career points.
THE LOTUS driver has opened the Formula One season with a win in Melbourne, ahead of Ferrari's Fernando Alonso and reigning world champion Sebastian Vettel.
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Real Time Service
Manage and coordinate projects and communicate with project participants.Windows Version 1.0.873 ... Added: 12/01/14Total Downloads13Last Week2
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Suzuki Gt185 1973-1977 (usa) parts lists
This GEAR SHIFTING fiche contains the largest amount of spare parts with forty-two listed items Stats for this page: fifty Other parts fiches. With these GT185 1973-1977 (USA) partsfiches you have access to nine hundred forty-six spares.
select a parts list from below to continue
Suzuki Gt185 1973-1977 (usa)
A cracking little two stroke twin when launched in 1973, this 21hp screamer simply trounced the competition from Honda with the CB175; by now being de-tuned for better reliability for owners who showed no mechanical sympathy, and was the equal of the Yamaha RD200. The drum brake model was the...
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A regular feature here at wmse.org, A Look Back finds us reaching into our bag of video archives, pulling something out and posting it for you to enjoy. Following the end of her longtime touring band, the Broken Singles, Sarah Borges recently released a Steve Berlin (Los Lobos) produced album titled Radio Sweetheart. Long before either… Read more »
Upcoming Events
2:00 pm
interview + acoustic in-studio: ...
interview + acoustic in-studio: ...
Feb 3 @ 2:00 pm – 2:30 pm
"Together since 2010, the band has been hailed as one of the top acts in music-rich Austin since the release of debut album Pillow Talk; their mix of folk, pop, and gypsy melodies make them... Read more »
6:00 pm
Local/Live: February 3 – Lotus Ash
Local/Live: February 3 – Lotus Ash
Feb 3 @ 6:00 pm – 7:00 pm
In late 2013, members of Maidens, Northless, and Ellis came together to bring you riffs pulling from sludge, desert rock, drone, and Eastern influences. That joining of forces is Milwaukee's Lotus Ash.
6:50 pm
UWM's Winterdances "Set and Reset"
@ Mainstage Theatre
UWM's Winterdances "Set and Reset"
@ Mainstage Theatre
Feb 5 @ 6:50 pm – Feb 8 @ 7:50 pm
"Set and Reset," the beloved work of post-modern dance by Trisha Brown, will be restaged for UWM's annual Winterdances event at the Mainstage Theatre Feb 5-8, 2015. The performance of "Set and Reset/Reset" is the focal point... Read more »
11:00 am
WMSE Presents Painted Caves, The...
@ Milwaukee Art Museum
WMSE Presents Painted Caves, The...
@ Milwaukee Art Museum
Feb 7 @ 11:00 am – 1:00 pm
WMSE is pleased to present Painted Cave at the Milwaukee Art Museum. Their performance titled, The Machine Deserves a Sacrifice. Enjoy an afternoon performance of "primitive music for modern machines." According to the Milwaukee band,... Read more »


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21 Perfect Christmas Presents for Her
Wrap up something as special as she is: chic accessories, cozy treats, and cool kitchen accoutrements.
15 Lightened-Up Desserts to Make Tonight
Enjoy sweet treats without over-indulging with these healthy desserts.
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Fashion your home for fall with these easy DIYs, perfect for cooler weather.
Scoop up amazing deals at the Country Living Fair
Join us in Rhinebeck, Columbus, or Atlanta for scads of vintage scores, plus gorgeous new jewelry, bags, dresses, and more.
Last winter, when snow netted Emily an unexpected day off, she set her sights on using a pair of yard-sale doors to fashion a sliding barn-style entrance to the home office. She balked upon discovering that "the track alone cost a couple of hundred dollars," so she substituted casters and plumbing pipes for the expensive kit.
Office doors, $78: Fifty-eight dollars' worth of hardware—including casters and plumbing pipes—transformed two salvaged $10 doors into a barn-style entry. (hardware; homedepot.com)
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Welcome, Sign In
Pisces Monthly Horoscope for December 2013
Description:In this astrological monthly forecast, Kelli Fox, The Astrologer says: "The New Moon on the 2nd signals a new chapter in your career. Set your intentions for additional responsibilities you'd like to take on over the next year." (2:01)
Source: Kelli Fox, The Astrologer
Tags: The Astrologer , TheAstrologer , astrology forecast , december 2013 horoscope


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We are locals and had been through the lobby of Embassy Suites and in the adjoining Convention Center many times, but this was our first stay. It is a great facility with excellent service by a friendly staff, with a couple of added values. We enjoyed the complimentary manager's reception which is held in the dining area evenings from 5:30-7:30. There is a wide variety of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, and a limited amount of snacks. Other appetizers are available at $6 each, so one could certainly make that a relatively inexpensive meal. The king-sized bedroom-suite was very quiet and comfortable with privacy for the adults and a sofabed if one or two kids or another couple is with them. There was a nice mini-bar area. I don't think the sheet fitted the king-size bed very well. At least it pulled away the mattress, like it was made for a queen-size bed. The atrium and the huge skylight around which the rooms are located make for an attractive property. The other value is the complimentary breakfast, one of the best we have ever had in house. Between 7:00 and 10:00 on this Saturday, you could get a cooked-to-order omelets (up to 6 at a time!) and pancakes. The line moves quickly for this, but if you can't wait, there is also a buffet table with fruit, eggs, potatoes, and other items. The staff really kept things restocked and tables clean. The fitness center is in excellent condition with several treadmills, other machines, and a nice weight set. The swimming pool and hot tub are not very spacious for the number of families that were in the hotel that weekend, but they looked clean and relaxing. There were also onsite spa services, but we did not try them. Maybe next time. We wanted a swim late on Friday night, but there were no pool towels. We checked with the desk and she promised housekeeping would bring some more. We waited, but no towels were delivered, so that was disappointing. Overall, congratulations to John Q Hammons and the Embassy Suites!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Embassy Suites St. Louis-St. Charles/Hotel & Spa is located in St. Charles, Missouri, just 20 miles from downtown St. Louis. Lambert International Airport is just ten minutes away. The hotel is connected to the expansive St. Charles Convention Center, offering large and flexible event space. The hotel also features Spa Bottanica on-site for full-service spa treatments. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Orbitz, Booking.com, Expedia, Priceline, Cheap Tickets, Hilton Hotels, Hotels.com, TripOnline SA, Odigeo and Tingo so you can book your Embassy Suites Hotel St. Louis/St. Charles reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Embassy Suites St Charles
- Embassy Suites Saint Charles
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US 5019140 A Abstract Radiation resistant composites made of adjacent layers of a microporous hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene layer and one or more supporting layers made of woven metal material or woven synthetic organic polymeric material and a microporous hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane are described. Filtration devices containing the composite are described.
Claims(14) 1. A radiation-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene composite comprising:
(a) a layer of woven metal material which has an elongation of less than 25% after 100 hours under a load of 2.0 pounds per inch, and (b) a layer of microporous hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, wherein the properties of the layers are such that the composite is capable of withstanding either (i) at least 20 pounds per square inch of pressure, or (ii) the water entry pressure of the membrane, whichever is less, for 100 hours in the Pressurization Test without rupturing. 2. A composite of claim 1 in the form of a laminate.
3. A composite of claim 1 wherein the material of the layer (a) is a woven metal screen.
4. A filtration device containing the composite of claim 1.
5. Process for preparing a laminated composite of claim 1 which comprises bonding layers (a) and (b) together with a hot melt bonding adhesive.
6. Process for irradiating an unirradiated composite of claim 1 which comprises subjecting the composite to ionizing radiation of between 0.5 to 10 Megarad.
7. A radiation resistant polytetrafluoroethylene composite comprising:
(a) a layer of an synthetic organic polymeric material having an elongation of less than 25% elongation after 100 hours under a load of 2.0 pounds per inch, and (b) a middle layer of a compliant synthetic organic polymeric material that is porous and substantially smooth, and has a basis weight of between 1 and 6 ounces per square yard, and (c) a layer of microporous hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, wherein the properties of the layers are such that the composite is capable of withstanding either (i) at least 20 pounds per square inch of pressure, or (ii) the water entry pressure of the membrane, whichever is less, for 100 hours in the Pressurization Test without rupturing. 8. A composite of claim 7 in the form of a laminate.
9. A composite of claim 7 wherein layer (a) is a woven polyester screen, layer (b) is a nonwoven of fine polyester filaments which has a basis weight of 1 to 6 ounces per square yard, and layer (c) is a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane which has a pore size of between about 0.01 to 100 micrometers and a thickness of between 2 to 250 micrometers.
10. A filtration device containing the composite of claim 7.
11. The filtration device of claim 10 wherein the device contains rounded edges so as to provide strain relief to the filtration medium.
12. The filtration device of claim 10 wherein the device contains one or more additional cross members which have rounded supporting edges so as to provide strain relief to the filtration medium.
13. Process for preparing a laminated composite of claim 7 which comprises bonding the layers together with a hot melt bonding adhesive.
14. Process for irradiating an unirradiated composite of claim 7 which comprises subjecting the laminate to ionizing radiation of between 0.5 to 10 Megarad.
Description This invention relates to microporous hydrophobic composites that can be irradiated, as for example, to sterilize them, and still maintain their integrity under conditions of pressurization. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a useful polymeric material that has found application in the construction of many devices which utilize its properties of inertness to chemical attack, hydrophobicity and biocompatibility. For example, it is used as a coating to protect chemical tanks which are used to hold corrosive chemicals; it is used as a moisture barrier in industrial applications to protect sensitive scientific instrumentation and also in rainwear garments; it is also used in biomedical applications for implantable devices such as vascular grafts and surgical patches. A particularly useful form of PTFE is microporous PTFE. There are a number of ways to make microporous PTFE. One method is by an expansion process such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,566. This patent describes a means of producing a microporous structure characterized by nodes connected by fibrils made by rapid expansion of PTFE. Another method is by a replication process such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,497,256 which describes a means of sintering PTFE particles onto a fibrous substrate. Alternatively, microporous PTFE can be made by the removal of fugitive materials after extrusion as described in claim 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,544. Microporous PTFE membranes are useful in a number of applications as either filters or venting barriers. These membranes are particularly useful materials in the design and construction of medical, pharmaceutical and other devices because they are hydrophobic materials which function as a barrier to liquid water and aqueous solutions or mixtures but because the membranes are microporous, they allow the flow of air or other gases and, if the pores are sufficiently small, they can be made to exclude microorganisms and other microscopic contaminants. These membranes and the devices constructed with these materials are commonly used in medical or pharmaceutical applications which require sterilization. There are a number of methods of sterilization which are used by manufacturers of such devices, including sterilization by steam, ethylene oxide gas, or ionizing radiation. The ionizing radiation can be of several types, such as, gamma irradiation or high energyelectron beam bombardment, among others. There are significant economic and industrial hygiene advantages to using either gamma irradiation or electronbeam bombardment. However, while these methods of sterilization are more convenient, they also can cause more damage to the materials used in the device than the other means of sterilization. Although microporous PTFE exhibits extraordinary resistance to chemical attack from a wide variety of chemical species, it has only a very limited resistance to ionizing radiation. Microporous PTFE is particularly sensitive to degradation by ionizing radiation in comparison to other polymeric materials; it is usually rated as the polymeric material most susceptible to degradation by ionizing radiation. There is a need for a method by which microporous PTFE material can be used in applications which require or prefer the use of radiation sterilization and subsequent pressurization. Specifically, the use of microporous PTFE in numerous applications is greatly limited by its marked susceptibility to the degradation of its physical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and ultimate elongation as the result of exposure to ionizing radiation. This decrease in physical properties is observed at relatively low levels of radiation; significant decreases are observed at radiation exposures of less than 0.5 Megarad. This radiation sensitivity imposes a serious limitation on the use of microporous PTFE in applications in which it is necessary for the material to withstand even relatively low levels of radiation. Gamma sterilization is generally accomplished by exposing the devices to be sterilized to 2.5 Megarad or more. An example of an application where radiation is typically encountered is medical or pharmaceutical devices which can be conveniently sterilized with ionizing radiation. It is necessary to use a dose of ionizing radiation sufficiently large to ensure that the article is completely sterile. This is commonly achieved by placing the articles to be sterilized in a shielded room with a relatively powerful irradiation source, such as a cobalt-60 source. The sources are usually of sufficient strength that the sterilization procedure can be accomplished in 60 to 120 minutes. The sterilization is normally performed after the microporous PTFE laminate has been incorporated into the device after the completion of all manufacturing steps. Another example is in space applications where the microporous PTFE is exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation for long periods of time. This susceptibility to damage by ionizing radiation is particularly acute in applications which use thin sheets of PTFE and/or microporous or expanded PTFE. In these applications because of the limited amount of polymer which is present [as compared to devices which use thick pieces (e.g., slabs or rods) of full density PTFE, the decrease in the physical properties is often prohibitively detrimental. For many years this has prevented the use of microporous PTFE materials in applications which are sterilized with ionizing radiation. This patent describes composites and devices which permit the use of thin sheets of microporous PTFE in those applications which require both sterilization with ionizing radiation and the ability to withstand sustained pressurization without rupturing or failing. Said composites and devices achieve greater than a one hundred fold increase in the useful lifetime with respect to existing laminates and devices. FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a Pressurization Test apparatus. FIG. 2 is a drawing of a device of this invention with two supporting members. FIG. 3 shows a cross sectional view of the device in FIG. 2. The composites and devices of the present invention achieve a one hundred fold increase in the useful lifetime of microporous membranes in irradiated composites and devices. Composites, as used herein, means a number of layers of material which may or may not be bonded to each other by an adhesive or other means of attachment. The present invention includes composites and devices which maintain the integrity of irradiated microporous hydrophobic membranes under conditions of pressurization. The composites contain supporting layers which prevent the transmission of excessive mechanical forces to the microporous membrane. The devices comprise the composite and means of restraint which provide strain relief at the supporting edges and the cross members to prevent the transmission of excessive mechanical forces to the membrane. The specific physical conditions which can cause the microporous membranes, and the commercially available composites containing them, to fail after exposure to ionizing radiation are 1) excessive elongation, 2) puncture on sharp protrusions and 3) concentration of stresses in limited areas. Specifically, the composites of this invention comprise two or more layers of materials. When a two layer composite is made, the composite comprises: (a) a layer of woven metal material or woven synthetic organic polymeric material having, after irradiation, an elongation of less than 25% after 100 hours under a load of 2.0 pounds per inch, and (b) a microporous hydrophobic polymeric membrane. When a three layer composite is made, the composite comprises: (a) a synthetic organic polymeric material having, after irradiation, an elongation of less than 25% after 100 hours under a load of 2.0 pounds per inch, (b) a compliant synthetic organic polymeric material, and (c) a microporous hydrophobic polymeric membrane. The properties of the various layers of the composites are such that the resulting composites are, after exposure to 5 Megarad of ionizing radiation, capable of withstanding 20 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) pressure for 100 hours in the Pressurization Test, described below. Some composites and devices, as described herein, achieve a one hundred fold increase in the useful lifetime of said irradiated microporous PTFE membranes. The devices of this invention comprise the said laminates and the means of supporting the said laminates so as to provide strain relief at the edges of the body of the device and the supporting cross members. The processes of the invention include a process for making the composites and a process for irradiating the unirradiated form of the composite. This invention comprises composites which include combinations of layers containing a microporous hydrophobic membrane, such as a microporous PTFE membrane, and includes laminates. The composites, or the devices incorporating them, can be exposed to ionizing radiation and used in applications which require that the membrane of the composite retain its integrity under brief or extended pressurization. As used herein, the words "microporous hydrophobic membrane," or variations thereof, define those materials which have a surface free energy of less than 30 dyne/cm. and have nominal pore sizes in the range of about 0.01 to 100 micrometers. Such membranes prevent the passage of liquid water but allow the passage of air and other gases. This layer of the composite of the invention preferably has a thickness of 2 to 250 micrometers. Microporous hydrophobic membranes are made from a number of materials, for example polymers such as, but not limited to, PTFE, other perfluoropolymers, polyethylene or polypropylene, or the like. Alternatively, materials which are not hydrophobic can be modified to render their surfaces hydrophobic by methods such as solvent deposition, chemical vapor deposition or plasma polymerization or deposition of a thin layer of hydrophobic material. As described previously, the composites include a number of layers arranged in a specified order; the layers may or may not be joined to each other by adhesive or other means of attachment, such as by encapsulation in the body of the device itself. The word "laminate" defines a species of composites which are joined to each other by some means of adhesion, such as hot melt bonding or solvent based adhesives. The words "combination of layers" define a species of composites in which the arrangement of the layers are maintained by other means of attachment, such as by encapsulation in the body of the device itself. The teachings of this patent apply to both laminates and unbonded combinations of layers; that is, it is obvious that improvements which are demonstrated with laminates can also be achieved with the corresponding unbonded combination of layers, and vice versa. As used herein, the words "device", "filtration device", or variations thereof, defines any means by which the composite is restrained in a part, such as a plastic or metal cylinder, for the purposes of withstanding pressure and another function, such as filtering or venting. The composite may be restrained in place by a variety of means including, but not limited to, insert molding, overmolding, clamps, glue, gasket seals, or mechanical seals, such as, O-rings. The devices may be used for filtration, or other, purposes. Composites containing microporous PTFE membranes fail when they are subjected to excessive conditions, that is, conditions which cause the materials (in particular, the microporous membrane) of construction to exceed their ultimate elongation limit and tensile strength. Exposure to ionizing radiation greatly reduces the ultimate elongation of microporous PTFE. Typically, the ultimate elongation of sheets of microporous PTFE is reduced from about 250% prior to irradiation to about 25% after exposure to 2.5 Megarad of gamma irradiation. This reduction in ultimate elongation represents the upper limit beyond which the membrane must not be stretched in the final application after exposure to ionizing radiation. Because irradiated microporous PTFE membranes are particularly susceptible to elongation failures, it is often advantageous to design in a certain margin of safety. This is demonstrated herein by testing the composites and devices at pressures two to fifty fold greater than pressures typically encountered in intravenous line administration sets. Three conditions which will cause the membrane to rupture, that is, distend beyond its elongation limit, are pressure, duration of pressurization and the constraints of construction of the device containing the membrane or laminated membrane. First, when the membrane is subjected to pressures which cause it to distend beyond its ultimate elongation limit, the membrane will rupture and the barrier to aqueous passage will be broken. Second, when a membrane is subjected to pressures which are less than the immediate rupture pressure for a sustained period of time, the membrane may eventually fail after a prolonged period of time. Third, the actual pressure which causes the membrane in a device to fail is dependent on the design and construction of the device in which the membrane is tested or used. For example, constructions in which the membrane or laminate spans a large distance will fail at lower pressures or shorter times than a construction in which the membrane or laminate spans a smaller distance. These mechanical stresses can be cumulative. For example, the combination of high pressure and large unsupported spans can cause a membrane to fail in a shorter time than if only one of the conditions existed. There are three modes of failure which are observed when microporous PTFE membranes are subjected to excessive conditions, such as the three conditions described above. First, when the membrane is pressurized across an unsupported span, the membrane may rupture in the middle of the span. This type of failure can be seen on both a macroscopic scale (greater than 1 millimeter) and on a microscopic scale (less than 1 millimeter). This type of failure will be referred to as an elongation failure. Second, the membrane may fail when the pressure of the fluid forces the membrane against a sharp edge or other irregularity in the supporting layer of the laminate. Such sharp points may be either in direct contact with the membrane or may "telegraph" indirectly through an intervening layer. This phenomenon of "telegraphing" is a special case of elongation due to localized bending strain around a sharp edge or point in the materials which contact the membrane; this type of failure will be referred to as a puncture failure. Third, the membrane may fail if a large portion of the strain is concentrated within a small portion of the membrane. In contrast, an advantageous situation is one in which there is a gradual transition from the point of support to the point of no support. This type of failure will be referred to as a strain relief failure. An example of this is the situation in which the strain due to deformation is concentrated at the perimeter at which the membrane is supported. For instance, if at the circumference where the membrane is supported across a circular aperture, there is a sharp transition from the flexible construction of the laminate to the rigid frame of the body of the device, there exists a condition which causes a localized higher concentration of strain in the membrane (due to the modulus mismatch between the rigid support and the flexible laminate support). The time dependent nature of the failure of microporous hydrophobic membranes, such as failure due to the factors described above, results from the tendency of PTFE to creep under load. All plastics are, to some extent, viscoelastic. This is reflected in the stress-strain relationships of plastic materials. Under static load, the deformation and rupture behavior of plastics at any temperatures under all types of stresses is significantly affected by the time the material is under load. Irradiated microporous PTFE membranes are particularly low in ultimate elongation and, thus, particularly susceptible to failure involving reduced creep resistance. For this reason, irradiated devices incorporating microporous PTFE membranes which will be exposed to ionizing radiation must be critically designed to minimize all stresses which impact on the membrane. For any given device and conditions of operation, there is a useful lifetime during which the microporous PTFE membrane will not fail under said conditions. When this time is exceeded by a certain amount, the membrane will eventually fail. After a device has been exposed to the levels of ionizing radiation typically employed in sterilizing procedures, this useful lifetime is significantly reduced. In some instances, the useful life is reduced to the point that the device is no longer acceptable for use in the intended service. The examples in this patent describe worst case situations in which thin, microporous PTFE membranes are exposed to both ionizing radiation and pressure and must maintain their integrity. Deficiencies in performance after exposure to ionizing radiation similar to those described above also exist with respect to microporous hydrophobic membranes other than those composed of PTFE but to a lesser degree. The laminates of the preferred embodiments, described below, disclose compositions which do not have these deficiencies. Thus, the composite comprises a microporous hydrophobic layer and one or more supporting layers which function to prevent transmission of mechanical stresses to the microporous hydrophobic layer. One such preferred composite construction comprises three layers in which the first layer prevents the excessive elongation of the composite (including the microporous hydrophobic membrane) by virtue of its stiffness and a second intermediary layer of a compliant material which prevents the transmission of forces due to the irregularities of the first layer to the third microporous membrane layer. The third layer is a microporous hydrophobic membrane. It is also advantageous if the first layer, or the construction of the device, acts to prevent the overall composite from conforming to sharp corners, such as at the rigid supporting edge of the device itself, or other areas of modulus mismatch, which would cause excessive concentrations of stresses on a small portion of the PTFE membrane. Preferably, in the three or more layered constructions of this invention, the components are: a) a woven or extruded porous sheet which has, after irradiation, an elongation of less than 25% elongation after 100 hours under a load of 2.0 pounds per inch, which serves to prevent the microporous layer from bearing excessive mechanical stresses by virtue of the stiffness that this layer contributes to the overall laminate; b) a nonwoven material, or other compliant, porous and substantially smooth material, preferably with a basis weight of between 1.0 and 6.0 ounces per square yard, which acts as a buffer layer between the layer (a) and the layer (c) by diffusing the stresses between these layers; c) a microporous hydrophobic layer, with a nominal pore size preferably between 0.01 and 100 micrometers and with a thickness preferably between 2 and 250 micrometers, which serves as a hydrophobic barrier to water, aqueous solutions and mixtures, as well as microscopic and macroscopic contamination, but allows the passage of air and other gases, and the properties of the layers are such that the laminates are, after exposure to 5 Megarad of ionizing radiation, capable of withstanding 20 psig pressure for 100 hours in the Pressurization Test, described herein, without rupturing. It is necessary that the surface of the metal or polymeric material be completely free from burrs, sharp edges on the filaments and bends of small radius. Basis weight refers to the nominal weight of a square yard of material as determined by weighing a sample of known area and dividing the weight by the area in ounces and yards, respectively. Maximum pore sizes are determined by the Bubble Point Test, as described in ASTM F-316 using methanol. The nominal pore sizes which are used to describe the membranes are approximately the pore size corresponding to the mean flow pore pressure. As a more preferred embodiment, the multilayer composite of this invention comprises at least three layers with the components arranged in this order: a) a woven polyester screen which is preferably woven from filaments which are about 125 micrometers in diameter, and is preferably of a square or twill weave pattern of about 120 filaments per inch; b) a polyester nonwoven material, which preferably is spunbonded from 3 denier or smaller filaments and preferably has a basis weight of 1 to 6 ounces per square yard; c) a microporous PTFE membrane which has a nominal pore size of 0.01 to 100 micrometers and a thickness of between 2 to 250 micrometers, and the properties of the layers are such that the composite, after exposure to 5 Megarad of ionizing radiation, is capable of withstanding 20 psig pressure for 100 hours in the Pressurization Test without rupturing. Still another embodiment is a multilayer composite comprising a microporous PTFE membrane which is supported on both sides by one or more of the previously described supporting layers. In this composite, the supporting layers are on each side of the microporous PTFE membrane and they may be identical or different. The layers of the composites may be joined together, for example, with a hot melt adhesive, such as a polyester powder, which is coated onto the layers to be laminated, then heated near or above its melt point temperature and the layers are subjected to pressure to ensure a bond is formed. This process can be accomplished in two steps: first, the (a) and (b) layers are laminated; then, subsequent layers are joined to said laminate in the same fashion. The adhesive, either hot melt or solvent, may be applied either randomly or in regular patterns. Alternatively, the layers may not be joined by adhesives but simply restrained in place by any of the methods described in the definition of devices. The present invention discloses a method of making multilayer microporous PTFE composites and devices containing such composites, for use in applications which involve exposure to ionizing radiation. Said composites and devices can be utilized in more adverse conditions (such as under higher pressure, longer periods under pressure, or after ionizing radiation, or all of the above) than existing composites or devices. Since microporous PTFE is the component of the composite most susceptible to failure due to ionizing radiation, composites or devices with improved durability can be made by observing the design criteria, described herein, which minimize the exposure of the microporous PTFE to the mechanical stresses which can cause it to fail. The composites, and devices containing the composites, of this invention will have utility in a variety of applications. The said composites and devices will be especially useful in applications which require exposure to ionizing radiation, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 Megarad. Said composites and devices are of particular utility in venting applications including, but not limited to, in-line intravenous solution filter vents, IV spike vents, transducer protectors, urine bag vents, colostomy bag vents, vented blood gas syringes, burette vents, vents for diagnostic test apparatus such as multi-well diagnostic test strips, vents on devices for chest, peritoneal or other cavity drainage, catheter vents, ear plug vents, cap vents and cell growth container vents. Said composites and devices will also find utility in applications as filter/separators including, but not limited to, respirator humidifiers, oxygenators, suction canister filters, in-line vacuum filters, air sampling filters, medical bed filters, or filters in carbon dioxide generators. The vents or filters may be of any shape; in many of the applications listed above, the membrane or laminate is commonly in the form of a flat sheet. It is also possible to apply the teachings of this patent to other shapes of microporous hydrophobic membranes and their laminates, such as cylindrical or pleated sheet configurations. Additionally, these principles of design and construction can be applied to other implantable medical devices which are subjected to pressure in their applications. Devices such as vascular grafts, patches, dental implants and wound dressings could be made to withstand higher pressures by using the principles of lamination as a method of reinforcement. Additionally, it will be obvious to one skilled in the art that the principles of construction taught in this patent can be utilized to make laminates and devices which are not subjected to ionizing radiation but are to be used at higher pressures and/or for longer periods of time than existing laminates or devices. It is also obvious that the principles explained in this patent can be used in applications where other materials require additional support to function effectively at sustained pressures or after irradiation. Such materials include, but are not limited to, full density PTFE, filled PTFE, expanded and impregnated PTFE, full density sheeting or microporous sheeting of other polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene or other fluoropolymers. Devices FIG. 2 shows a device of the invention comprising a cylindrical device (20) which restrains a circular composite (21). There are supporting cross members (22 and 22') which provide additional support across a diameter of the composite (21). The line 3--3' represents the plane of the cross section shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the device in FIG. 2 which shows the placement of the rounded edges (31 and 32) of the cross members (22 and 22') and the body of the device (34), respectively. Devices can also be constructed with various numbers of cross members to provide more support for the composites. Devices can also be constructed with a backing plate which contains circular holes of such diameter that the composite is sufficiently supported. The figure also shows a cross sectional view of the composite. The composite has a layer of screen of low elongation (35), a layer of compliant material (36) and a layer of microporous hydrophobic membrane (37). The composite is oriented with the microporous hydrophobic membrane adjacent to the pressurized fluid. The examples below illustrate composites of this invention in which the supporting layers are made from selected materials. It is obvious to one skilled in the art that other materials which possess similar properties can be used as the supporting layer or layers without departing from the spirit of this invention. For instance, other metal screens, such as those made from brass, nickel, Monel, etc., could also be used. Glass screens with the appropriate physical properties could also be used. Polymeric screens could be made from other polymers, such as polyamides, polyaramids, polyimides, or polybenzimidazoles. The compliant intermediary layer could be made of other materials, such as cellulosics, polyamides, polyimides, polyesters, polyurethanes, or polyolefins of nonwoven or other construction. The compliant layer can have a basis weight of between 1 and 15 ounces per square yard, preferably between 1 and 6 ounces per square yard. Pressurization Test The composites of this invention can conveniently be tested under conditions which simulate actual conditions of use in pressurizable devices, such as a vent which allows the passage of air and functions as an aqueous barrier. Referring to FIG. 1, the testing device comprises a hollow metal cylinder (10) which serves as a reservoir for the challenge fluid (11) which will be tested. The cylinder is constructed such that the top surface (12) is machined to accept an O-ring (13) to seal the sample laminate (14) to prevent the leakage of the test solution. The cylinder is also fitted with a means of pressurizing the solution by means of pressurized air (15) which is controlled by a regulator (16). The laminate is sealed by compressing the laminate between an O-ring (which seats against the metal cylinder) and an acrylic disk (17) with a hole in the middle (18) which is secured to the metal cylinder by means of bolts (19) or other clamping devices. The acrylic disk has been modified so that the test closely simulates the actual conditions of the device in which the laminate will ultimately be used. The acrylic material is a rigid material that simulates the actual material into which the laminate is insert molded or otherwise restrained. The acrylic disks were machined from 1/4 inch slab stock with a 3/8 inch hole drilled in the center and chamfered to an included angle of 82� and finished sanded with 600 grit paper to insure the absence of sharp edges. To simulate the actual conditions of use, the test is performed with a solution typical of those used in intravenous (IV) applications. Such a solution consists of 25% dextrose, 4% amino acids and 1% multivitamin solution. The testing procedure includes exposing the sample to 5 Megarad of ionizing radiation, mounting the sample, pressurizing the fluid to a predetermined pressure and maintaining the pressure for 100 hours or until the sample leaks, whichever comes first. The test results are expressed as the time a sample has been pressurized prior to failure, or the time of discontinuation of testing a sample which has not failed, usually 100 or 200 hours. In the following Tables, the test results are tabulated as the useful lifetimes at the various pressures at which the laminate was tested. It is also possible to use high flow membranes, that is, membranes which have water entry pressures lower than 20 psig. In these cases the laminates of this invention are useful in preventing the failure of the membrane at pressures less than the water entry pressure. A three layer laminate was made with the components in the following order: a) a woven polyester screen, manufactured by Tetko, Inc. designated as PeCap� polyester screen, product number 7-130/38. This is a square weave product that has a mesh count of 121 filaments per inch; the filaments are 135 micrometers in diameter; the screen thickness is 150 micrometers and it has a basis weight of 2.0 ounces per square yard. The openings are 130 micrometers square and the percent open area is 38%; b) A polyester nonwoven material manufactured by Reemay, Inc. designated as Reemay 2295. This is a spunbonded product made from 2.2 denier polyester filaments; it has a basis weight of 2.95 ounces per square yard; c) A microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material which has a nominal pore size of 0.02 micrometers and a thickness of between 75 and 100 micrometers, manufactured by W. L. Gore and Associates, Inc. These three layers were joined together by hot melt bonding with a low melting polyester powder manufactured by Goodyear, Inc. The powder was coated onto the layer (a), layer (b) was layered on the powdered side, then the composite was heated above the melt point of the polyester powder (120� C.), and subjected to pressure to ensure a sufficient bond between the individual layers was formed. This process was repeated, now putting the powder on the surface of layer (b) and joining layer (c) to it with heat and pressure. The laminate was tested as described in the Pressurization Test and the results are shown in Table I. A combination of two layers was made with the following components: (a) a woven screen manufactured by Tetko, Inc. which was made from 0.004 inch diameter stainless steel wire in a twill square weave pattern of 120 filaments per inch having openings of 0.0043 inches square and 26.8% open area; this material has a basis weight of approximately 18 ounces per square yard; (b) a microporous PTFE material which has a nominal pore size of 0.02 micrometers and a thickness of between 75 and 100 micrometers, manufactured by W. L. Gore and Associates, Inc. The combination of layers were restrained by the pressure of the O-ring seal used in the Pressurization Test device. This combination of layers was tested as described in the Pressurization Test and the results are shown in Table I. A combination of three layers was made with the following components: (a) a sheet of extruded screening manufactured by Conwed, Inc. characterized by a rectangular pattern of 30 by 34 strands per inch which are made from polypropylene. The two sides of the screening used herein had different degrees of smoothness. The smoother side was placed against the microporous PTFE layer; b) a polyester nonwoven material manufactured by Reemay, Inc. designated as Reemay 2295. This is a spunbonded product made from 2.2 denier polyester filaments; it has a basis weight of 2.95 ounces per square yard; c) a microporous PTFE material which has a nominal pore size of 0.02 micrometers and a thickness of between 75 and 100 micrometers, manufactured by W. L. Gore and Associates, Inc. The combination of layers were restrained by the pressure of the O-ring seal used in the Pressurization Test device. A combination of five layers which provides support on both sides of the microporous hydrophobic membrane comprises the following layers: (a) a woven material, (b) a nonwoven material, (c) a microporous PTFE membrane, (d) a nonwoven material, (e) a woven material. These materials were those described in Example 1. The microporous PTFE membrane of this construction is protected from pressurization in both directions. A combination of three layers which provides support on both sides of the microporous hydrophobic membrane comprises the following layers: (a) a woven metal material, (b) a microporous PTFE membrane, and (c) a woven metal material. These materials were those described in Example 2. The microporous PTFE membrane of this construction is protected from pressurization in both directions. The comparison example is a commercially available laminate. This laminate consists of three layers, in the following order: (a) a woven polyester screen woven from filaments of 135 micrometer diameter in a square weave pattern which has 121 filaments per inch; (b) a spunbonded polyester nonwoven material made from 2.2 denier filaments which has a basis weight of 0.75 ounces per square yard; (c) a microporous PTFE membrane which has a nominal pore size of 0.02 micrometers and a thickness of between 75 and 100 micrometers. The laminate was tested as described in the Pressurization Test and the results are shown in Table I. It is not acceptable for use in radiation sterilized applications. Table I summarizes the performance data of the above composite examples. The Table includes the comparison example as a reference point for comparing the improvement of the examples. Prior to testing, all samples were exposed to 5.0 Megarad of gamma irradiation. The numbers in the table are the average times to failure or cessation of testing (in hours) at a given pressure (in psig). Failure is defined as the time at rupture, that is, the time at which the composite no longer was a functional barrier to the solution and the solution was observed leaking through the composite in the Pressurization Test. All laminates were tested under the same conditions in the Pressurization Test. Thus, the composite data demonstrates the effects of different composite constructions. In the Table, the symbol ">" indicates that at the specified time the sample had not failed and that the test was discontinued at that point. The symbol "-" indicates that, although the laminate was not tested at that pressure, the sample had not leaked at 100 hours when tested at a higher pressure. It is obvious that, if the samples were tested at these conditions, times to failure of much greater than 100 hours would be observed. The data points shown in the Table are taken from graphs of time to rupture failure plotted against pressure. TABLE I______________________________________RESULTS OF COMPOSITES TESTINGTIME TO FAILURE (hours)Composites* 10 psig 30 psig 50 psig 70 psig______________________________________Comparison 100 1 <0.5 <0.5Example 1 -- -- >100 35Example 2 -- >200 >50 not tested______________________________________ *These laminates and combinations were tested at a 3/8 inch diameter opening. The Table indicates that irradiated composites can be substantially improved by the disclosed modifications. Table I indicates that the improvements of the two layer combination of layers, Example 2, result in a greater than one hundred-fold improvement in the useful life of the laminate at 30 psig pressure. Table I also indicates that the improvements of the three layer laminate, Example 1, result in a greater than one hundred-fold improvement in the useful life of the laminate at 50 psig pressure. Patent Citations
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BACK TO THE GRIND: This unique paperweight crafted in Rhode Island of lead-free pewter comes in a presentation box with a card explaining the odd phrase that is stamped on the front and back of the grind-shaped weight. GET IT: Online at Uncommon Goods.
"Don't Let the Bastards" Paperweight
By Kim Peiffer
Updated at 11:30 AM CST on Saturday, Feb 27, 2010


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Selection of Cd's and Compilation Cd's from 1980's groups onwards
Huge selection of cd's and odd cd singles from artists/female artists and bands from the 1980's onwards. Many compilation albums and all in excellent condition and about 100 in total. For those who have as varied taste in music as I do, then this col


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Especially in the stocks of industries you understand.
You guys get all happy when the stock pops a buck or two.It came down from 80. No deal will ever get done. Everyone kept passing up IDCC for alternatives MMI Nortel.Something is wrong with IDCC patents it would have been snapped off the market first.Dream all you want sheep. You know its true.


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5 (2) 4 (0) 3 (0) 2 (0) 1 (0) 5 stars 5/5 Stars Average score of 2 user reviews spread across 0 releases and 0 DLC
Resident Evil 5 0
Intro:Capcom has been reinventing survival-horror since the first Resident Evil (1996) popularized the genre. Many gamers would even argue that the S.T.A.R.S. Alpha team's struggle at the Spencer Mansion was the birth of the genre. Over the last decade, the series has received six canonical sequels and several "spin-offs," all of which enhance the world of Resident Evil, but are not technically accepted as part of the story.With each of the direct sequels came a deeper story and newer, more d...
0 out of 0 found this review helpful. -
Limbo 0
You know the feeling you get as you slip out of a dream with a start? That rush through darkness, like a free-fall your subconscious must end before the fall ends you? That's Limbo. As a faceless shade of a child, the player controls a hellion bent on destroying everything around him to seek out his lost sister. Or is he the one who is lost? Limbo raises a myriad of questions throughout its five or so hours. You may even be saying, "hey, I couldn't help it if I made the boy wreak all of his sur...
3 out of 3 found this review helpful.


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Horse attracted to oil tank noises???? I've been riding my new horse in the round pen and pasture a few times and decided to take her out on a trail today. It was a really short trail, and I wanted to see what she did away from the other horses. She headed out from the barn OK. She didn't like it but didn't try to turn and go back. Once we got to the actual trail though, she kept trying to turn around. She would even try to go through the woods to get back to the barn. She wasn't taking off with me and she was still listening but it was annoying. She would basicay just zigzag down the road. She wasn't hard to control though but it was annoying. Then the WEIRDEST thing happened. There is an old oil tank location down that road and it makes this hissing and click noise about every 10 seconds. She heard that an was actively looking for it. It was odd, so I let her go to it and she went as fast as she could to that tank making the noise and was looking around. Then, she had a hard time leaving the tank. It was ODD. My horses usually spook at it but it was like she wanted to be near it. She did awesome on the way home. She wasn't tryin to run home or anything, just a nice walk. How can I teach her not to be soooo barn sour? And any ideas on why she really wanted to be near that noise? Posted via Mobile Device |
Just sounds like she's a curious horse, we have a 2 year old that we call "curious george", he will go anywhere to see everything, even if the other horses thinks it's scary, just personality! :D As for being barn sour, just keep taking her on trail rides or even just leading her out of the barn yard, maybe trailer her somewhere to trails with friends? |
She heard it an immediately went to it as fast as she could after I let her. Then, she wouldn't leave it. Posted via Mobile Device |
She heard it an immediately went to it as fast as she could after I let her. Then, she wouldn't leave it. Posted via Mobile Device |
One way to help a horse be less barn sour is to NEVER go out,turn around and ride straight back. Make a loop.. around the block if you will. The other thing is that if the horse is zig zagging down the road instead of walking out, she is not moving forward and so needs to learn to move forward. Horses that do this are typically lacking in confidence and training. When the horse realizes she IS heading home, and starts to speed up, you need to turn her away from home every time she speeds up and do a circle. For a truly barn sour horse you may ride out for half an hour and take 3 hours to get back to the barn. When you get back to the barn, ride her in the arena and when you are done, do not immediately remove the tack and put her in a stall or paddock and feed her. Instead, leave her saddle on and put her up in the stall with no food and come back 15 minutes later and THEN undress her, walk her cool if she needs it and turn her out. After a half hour feed her. The object of all this is to make going back to the barn a non reward. Make going back to the barn more work and no reward. The speed and direction which a horse travels at is determined by the rider, not by the horse. If the rider cannot get the horse to do this, then there can be two issues. The horse needs more training or the rider needs more training. |
Oh and I do not know why she was attracted to the oil tank. Hopefully it was not a "love" interest! LOL |
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Steve Hackett has launched a clip from his upcoming live DVD in which he performs Genesis classic Carpet Crawlers with Ray Wilson.
Hackett was joined at London's Royal Albert Hall for a unique Genesis Revisited show by guests Roine Stolt, John Wetton and Amanda Lehmann, and his band Roger King, Gary O'Toole, Rob Townsend, Lee Pomeroy and Nad Sylvan.
The guitarist said: "It was a thrilling musical experience for all concerned with a fantastic light and visual show. Paul Green and his team filmed it brilliantly too. It's a feast for eyes, ears and all the senses."
Genesis Revisited: Live At The Royal Albert Hall will be released via Inside Out on June 30. He'll tour the UK in October with what's planned to be the last of his retrospective treks, set to include material not previously performed or recorded in his long-running Genesis Revisited project.
Live set tracklist
- Dance On A Volcano
- Dancing With The Moonlit Knight
- Fly On A Windshield
- Broadway Melody of 1974
- Carpet Crawlers (featuring Ray Wilson)
- The Return Of The Giant Hogweed (featuring Roine Stolt)
- The Musical Box
- Horizons
- Unquiet Slumbers For The Sleeprs
- In That Quiet Earth
- Afterglow
- I Know What I Like (featuring Ray Wilson)
- Firth of Fifth (featuring John Wetton)
- Ripples (featuring Amanda Lehmann)
- The Fountain of Salmacis
- Supper's Ready
- Watcher of the Skies
- Los Endos
Genesis Extended tour
Oct 21: Ipswich Regent Theatre
Oct 22: Brighton Centre
Oct 24: Nottingham Royal Concert Hall
Oct 25: Glasgow Clyde Auditorium
Oct 26: York Barbican
Oct 28: Southend Cliffs Pavilion
Oct 29: Southampton O2 Guildhall
Oct 30: Cardiff St David's Hall Nov
01: London Eventim Apollo
Nov 02: Salford The Lowry
Nov 03: Guildford G Live
Nov 04: Birmingham Symphony Hall
Steve Hackett and Ray Wilson: Carpet Crawlers
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You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your ReverbNation experience.
My song "Dance With Me" is competing in the Fiat Band Prix, please click on the link to at my Reverbnation page and download the FREE song to vote...
A good of number of people in our music industry especially those in the highlife world are complaining that recording highlife songs is now expensive than before, therefore their inability to record more highlife songs for their followers.
Last last week in edition 257 of your favourite Flex newspaper, prolific highlife artiste Adolf Tagoe put it in another context where he added that highlife is a difficult genre.
This topic provoked a discussion on Channel R`s Total Entertainment and popular Kumasi based sound engineer George Forest was called for his views as an industry player and the way forward.
During the interview, he stated categorically clear that it needs to happen as such because highlife music cannot be recorded with only computers like some engineers are doing. Unfortunately, because of the processes it goes through, it makes the recording a little expensive.
In our last interview with another highly respected highlife artiste in Ghana Oheneba Kissi, he also revealed that he is currently about to release a single track for his fans because the industry has changed.
He added "the times have changed therefore I also need to change. These days people don't buy albums so I have decided to also follow that trend by releasing singles. Moreover, it is now expensive to record highlife albums so if you are not sure of the sales, then the best one can do is to release singles to keep you relevant in the industry" Oheneba Kissi is on record to have told your most authoritative Flex newspaper in an interview.
Sound engineer George Forest who is known with some hit gospel tracks as well as highlife hit songs like Nana Acheampong`s "anka ebeye den na aye wo ya" explains why recording highlife songs might come across as being expensive. "It is just normal that a highlife song will be expensive because so many people work on the song and they all need to be paid.
For instance, you might need to bring on board professional guitarist, basist, saxophonist and even sometimes extra people to contribute on the album to make it rich.
Even these days, some of the gospel songs need these enhancements as well therefore making all sorts of recording expensive. It can only be cheap if you want to do computer recording which I think is not what some people like us want to be doing" George Forest told Adu Boahene: host of Channel R 205 Total Entertainment on 92.7.
Musicians who want quality recording should therefore check this because no quality recording in the game will be cheaper again.
Courtesy of: SAMUEL A. BAAH, FLEX NEWSPAPER
Thanks for your patience. I have been working on my new album "BACK FOREVER" for quite a while now, I am happy to announce that it is ready for the public.
I will be uploading singles and posting information about the songs all week. Blogging about it, and where to purchase the CD online. Thanks much..
Decca sets up its Decca West Africa subsidiary in Ghana, releasing over 20 records in local languages in the first year. By 1952 they had released over 100 78s and had Ghanaian artists like E.T. Mensah, the Black Beats, Onyina, the Builders Brigade, Broadway, the Red Spots and Gyasi's guitar band on their roster, plus performers from Nigeria and Sierra Leone.
In the 50s Decca set up a recording studio in Accra and was sending engineers to Lagos regularly to record. By the early 1960s Decca West Africa was selling 250,000 records a year.
With the collapse in the Ghana economy in the 1970s, Decca moved its West Africa operations to oil-rich Nigeria, setting up a studio in Lagos and a sister label, Afrodisia, managed and part-owned by oil tycoon (and later presidential candidate) Chief Moshood Abiola. When Decca fell apart in 1979 and got taken over by Polygram, the rights to the West Africa catalogue were sold to Afrodisia.
Scroll down for an E.T. Mensah track issued on the Decca West Africa label in 1953.
Courtesy: folkcatalogue's blog
I spent most of my youthful days at the Decca studio in Accra at the time. My father was the executive producer, managing all the productions and the record releases and distribution for Decca and Philips records of West Africa.. I enjoyed my days watching all the activities taking place in the studios.


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E E PeEople passing by EAlright, alright A G A and G are played Barre in Chorus We never wondered why We never wondered Verse While playing the "E" use your E G A-Fs E little finger to play E and B string Hey, people passing by on the 3 Fret GLiving anoAthFser lifeE GWorking hard tAo Fsplay their roleE GYeah yeah yeaAh Fsyeah yeah E GHey, hitting tAheFs city with a mask onE GWaiting to taAkeFs it off at homeE GReveal the persoAn Fsthat they really areE GNa na na naA nFsa na na na na E EStandard guitar tuning:EADGBENo capoChorus
PeopleE passing by EAlright, alright AWe never wondered wGhy We never wonderedVerse
Same as Above X 3 0 2 E G A-Fs E 2 0 Hey, did you ever play a role? G and A-Fs in Verse: 2 0 0 X [...] X X Special thanks to my dear friend Doss who filmed the concert in Munich! Will add solo as soon as possible.
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Day in Engineering History Archive November 5| Jan | Feb |
Mar | Apr | May |
Jun |
Note: These historical tidbits have been collected from various sources, mostly on the Internet. As detailed in
this article,
there is a lot of wrong information that is repeated hundreds of times because most websites do not validate with authoritative
sources. On RF Cafe, events with hyperlinks have been verified.
Please submit significant historical events and
dates for inclusion in these lists. I will be glad to include your name and birthday. Please do not submit your death
date ;-) A couple years ago, I began commemorating the birthdays of notable people and events with
special RF Cafe logos. Where available, I like to use images
from postage stamps from the country where the person or event occurred.November 51824: The Rensselaer School was founded in Troy, NY, becoming the first engineering college in the U.S. 1863: James Packard, of automotive fame, was born. 1879: James Clerk Maxwell, whose equations have tortured countless EE students, died at age 48. 1895: The first U.S. patent was granted to George B. Selden for the auto. 1901: Henry Ford received a patent for a motor carriage. 1906: Astronomer Fred Whipple, who proposed the "dirty snowball" model for comets, was born. 1914: Great Britain, France & Russia declared war on Turkey. 1935: Edwin Armstrong first demonstrated FM radio at a meeting of the Institute of Radio Engineers. 1935: Parker Brothers launched the game of Monopoly. 1959: The American Football League was formed. 1992: Jan Hendrik Oort, Dutch physicist and astronomer of Oort Cloud fame, died. 1992: Chemical evidence of 5,000 year old beer was found in cave in Iran.
Custom Search
More than 10,000 searchable pages indexed. Your RF Cafe
single-handedly redefining what an engineering website should be. |


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- Product Highlights
- Synergistic Three Tea Blend
- Helps Maintain a Normal Metabolism
- Supports Healthy Thermogenesis
SKU 658010112598 Quantity 60 UltraZorbe Capsules Serving Size 2 Capsules Servings Per Container 30 Directions Adults take 2 capsules per day. May take 1 capsule twice daily. Warnings Not intended for children. Ingredients …for product label information including a complete list of ingredients, click all product images above. - Product Details
Tea Trio: Synergistic Three-Tea Blend
A synergistic combination of three of the world's most health-beneficial teas: rare white tea, green tea from minimally processed Camellia leaves, and black tea derived from a delicate fermentation process.
Contains teas that have been carefully sourced and blended in a specific ratio to provide broader antioxidant protection and a more balanced range of naturally health-promoting tea bioactives than one or two alone.
Why do you need tea?
Tea has been used as a health-promoting beverage for over 5,000 years. Modern research has confirmed tea's extensive range of health benefits, including supporting antioxidant function, cardiovascular and cellular health, metabolism and energy levels. Tea leaves are phytonutrient-rich, naturally containing many health-positive characteristics, including polyphenols (especially EGCG), L-theanine and caffeine.
Why should you use Tea Trio?
Increases metabolism
Provides broad range antioxidant protection to support cardiovascular health, cellular function and longevity
Increases energy and alertness
Tea Trio Brand: Garden of Life
Price: $15.11 - Out of stock - Why SuperSupplements?
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Health Care:
Processing of Claims Resulting From the Swine Flu Program
HRD-81-33: Published: Jan 14, 1981. Publicly Released: Feb 19, 1981.
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
GAO reviewed the timeliness of the Department of Justice in processing swine flu claims and lawsuits and the adequacy of staffing and resources available to Justice to handle swine flu claims. GAO reviewed the general method for processing claims filed against the federal government, the specific method established to process claims resulting from the swine flu program, and the procedures established by Justice and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It determined from the claim files the length of elapsed time to decide claims and compiled descriptive data on the claims, such as the status of claims and the number of claims filed according to the nature of the alleged injury. GAO obtained limited information on the processing of lawsuits resulting from the swine flu program and determined Justice's role in swine flu litigation and data gathering. GAO sampled 722 swine flu claims and statistically determined the average amount of time it took to process them.
GAO found that no criteria existed to objectively assess the timeliness of swine flu claims processing; however, some claims processing procedures were identified which took a long time. GAO was unable to determine the average time it took to process lawsuits and whether they were being handled in a timely manner. Almost 4000 claims and 1000 lawsuits have been filed against the government alleging injury, death, or other damage resulting from the 45 million swine flu immunizations given under the program. Neither Justice nor HSS maintained statistics on the status of swine flu claims and lawsuits or on the nature of injuries alleged by individuals. Justice performed all the necessary fact-finding and legal analyses pursuant to claims processing and made recommendations to HHS on the action to take on claims, while HHS retained authority for determining final action to be taken on claims. It took, on the average, about 403 calendar days from the date that a claim was received by HHS to the date Justice made a recommendation on the action to take on the claim. Factors which slowed processing time were the failure or tardiness of claimants to respond to Justice's requests for information, the lack of an adequate system to follow-up on requests for information, and the lack of adequate staffing arrangements for performing medical review. Justice's efforts to develop procedures to process the claims were reasonable. If a federal mass immunization program is repeated, sufficient staff and timeframes should be established for follow-up activities.
Dec 23, 2014
Federal Food Service Operations:
Implementation of the HHS/GSA Health and Sustainability GuidelinesGAO-15-262R: Published: Dec 23, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 23, 2014.
Dec 12, 2014
Health Care:
Information on Coverage Choices for Servicemembers, Former Servicemembers, and DependentsGAO-15-4: Published: Dec 12, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 12, 2014. -
Federal Funds Aid Eligibility IT System Changes, but Implementation Challenges PersistGAO-15-169: Published: Dec 12, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 12, 2014. -
VA Health Care:
Improvements Needed in Monitoring Antidepressant Use for Major Depressive Disorder and in Increasing Accuracy of Suicide DataGAO-15-55: Published: Nov 12, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 12, 2014.
Dec 8, 2014
Bidding Results from CMS's Durable Medical Equipment Competitive Bidding ProgramGAO-15-63: Published: Nov 7, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 8, 2014.
Dec 3, 2014
Children's Health Insurance:
Cost, Coverage, and Access Considerations for Extending Federal FundingGAO-15-268T: Published: Dec 3, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 3, 2014. -
VA Health Care:
Improvements Needed to Manage Higher-Than-Expected Demand for the Family Caregiver ProgramGAO-15-245T: Published: Dec 3, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 3, 2014.
Dec 1, 2014
Private Health Insurance:
Concentration of Enrollees among Individual, Small Group, and Large Group Insurers from 2010 through 2013GAO-15-101R: Published: Dec 1, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 1, 2014.
Nov 24, 2014
Group Purchasing Organizations:
Funding Structure Has Potential Implications for Medicare CostsGAO-15-13: Published: Oct 24, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 24, 2014. -
Medicare Program Integrity:
CMS Pursues Many Practices to Address Prescription Drug Fraud, Waste, and AbuseGAO-15-66: Published: Oct 24, 2014. Publicly Released: Nov 24, 2014.
Looking for more? Browse all our products here


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Windows 10: Can Microsoft get it right this time?
Microsoft wants Windows 10 to boost its mobile play, but that's not the only battle the software giant will have to fight.
Microsoft wants Windows 10 to boost its mobile play, but that's not the only battle the software giant will have to fight.
Alibaba Group will strengthen its anti-counterfeit measures to protect the intellectual property rights of Microsoft as part of a new memorandum of understanding.
Microsoft is making more organizational changes aimed at getting more software developers to write for its platforms.
A Pacific Crest survey highlights how Microsoft stands to gain over the next three years, CIOs are seeing software price increases and decreases in maintenance and prepackaged apps are on the way.
Google is allowing users to run Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter on its cloud platform, and is now allowing them to run some of their licensed Microsoft enterprise apps on Google Cloud.
Microsoft and integrator partner Accenture have jointly funded and developed a hybrid cloud services/software bundle that will be available next year.
It's got good hardware, good software - so what does Microsoft need to do to make Lumia a success?
Microsoft is finally getting real about open-source software.
Microsoft and IBM have forged a new alliance bringing more of IBM's enterprise software and services to Azure, and Microsoft's enterprise software to IBM's cloud platforms.
Trying to build platforms that are open and partner-centric, including the recently unveiled Windows 10, is a direct response to requests from enterprise customers, according to Microsoft's VP of Windows marketing.
Microsoft has been busy forging new alliances with a variety of software vendors in recent months. But how much real substance is there in its latest partnerships?
Software as a Service offerings -- such as SalesForce.com, Office356, Microsoft Dynamics and AthenaHealth -- hold out the promise of replacing enterprise applications and serving as platforms for future development. While the promise can be fulfilled, organizations have to take some responsibility too.
Other cloud heavyweights already attached to NetBond include Salesforce.com and Microsoft Azure.
4Afrika invests in competition to improve pan-continental collaboration and help improve lifespan of African innovation centres.
World Vision Australia will be enhancing its end-to-end communication both internally and externally with Microsoft Australia's AU$4 million software donation.
Microsoft, continuing in its mobile-first, cross-platform vein, is updating its services and software for Apple's latest operating system release.
As it continues to position itself as a cloud collaboration hub, Jive has been ramping up the number of integrations and connections available on its platform.
A US judge has lifted a stay on a ruling, forcing Microsoft to hand over data it stores overseas. But the software giant said it will not comply, pending an appeal.
Chinese regulator visits Accenture's Dalian office to access Microsoft-related documents as part of an ongoing anti-monolopy investigation on the software vendor. The NYSE-listed consulting firm insists it's "not part of the antitrust probe".
Microsoft and CRM rival Salesforce.com may be poised to announce a deal certifying Salesforce apps to run on the Azure cloud.


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4 of 18 |
This app is a great one-stop shop for games about colors, letters, counting, differences, and matching. The navigation is a breeze for preschoolers, and they'll love seeing the monkey jump up and down and getting a virtual sticker when they win.
Ages 3 & up
$1.99 for Android
$0.99 for iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch
Next: Starfall Learn to Read
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Bust winter boredom with these playtime ideas.
Need ideas for what to do this weekend? We have it covered.
The Latest and Greatest Book for Kids
Search our interactive Book Finder for the top new books for kids of all ages, brought to you by the latest book in the I, Funny series, "I Totally Funniest."
Kindergarten Readiness App Wins Gold
Our Kindergarten Readiness app won the Gold Award of Excellence in the educational category at the 2014 Communicator Awards. This valuable checklist comes with games and activities to help your child practice the essential skills she needs for kindergarten. Download the Kindergarten Readiness app today!
Top 10 Wintertime Neighborhood Games
Who says you have to stay inside when the temperature drops? Snowy weather is a great excuse to round up your neighborhood for some outdoor winter fun and games.
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Looking for newly released books for your child? Try our new Book Finder tool to search for new books by age, type, and theme, and create reading lists for kids!
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We spotlight the follies and foibles of our state that will go down in history—way down.
All this, and the Legislature wasn't even in session.
We give appropriate recognition to all the people and events that have put us in the state we're in.
Behind the pine curtain of deep East Texas is a world trapped in the past and hidden from the future: lush woods, poor whites, the descendants of slaves, and an aristocracy still breathing the rarefied air of the Old South.
The pioneers who came to tame the West met their match in the land of Giant.
We just rate them. You voted for them.


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Nike Sportswear January/February 2015 Preview by Patrick Johnson 28 Comments
January 27, 2012 BY Aaron Hope / 20 c
The Nike Dunk is an institution in the sneaker world, a model that's been going strong for over a quarter-century with well over that still left in the tank. The Dunk is one of those foundational models that's seen a bit of attention stolen by the newfangled lifestyle sneakers that've come onto the scene in the past couple years, and that's where this newest custom release from Pimp My Kicks comes into play. Handcrafted by Hollywood's Oliver Moore Bootmakers, the Nike Dunk Hybrid Dress collection by PMK pairs rich mahogany and olive dress leather with black authentic alligator for a mere 5 pairs each of the 'Spy'/wingtip and 'Soldier'/captoe Highs along with the 'Tailor'/penny loafer Lows and another lowtop that echoes the 'Golf Pack' Dunk Low SB's tassled lace cover. The quality is apparent in more images you'll see after the jump, and in a world where we haven't yet seen a Dunk Bespoke experience, is it possible these are some of the nicest pairs ever created? Let us know what you think and stick with Sneaker News for more custom sneaker designs.
Additional images via Sneaker Freaker
Nike Sportswear January/February 2015 Preview by Patrick Johnson 28 Comments
Nike Dunk High CMFT "Grey Python" by Patrick Johnson 3 Comments
Comparing the Red October Nike Dunk High and Yeezy 2 by Zack Schlemmer 107 Comments
Nike and Jordan Brand 2015 BHM Release Dates by Patrick Johnson 24 Comments
Nike Dunk High CMFT "Red October" by Patrick Johnson 11 Comments


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Primula: You won't go hungry
So many restaurants and cafes - we were spoilt for choice. But we picked the Primula because it looked pretty and because we have a local cafe (in Bundanoon) called the Primula. It used to have very slow waitresses that we called the under water waitresses - because they moved so slowly.
Anyway this place was fine. We had a snack - a panino - it was huge, and tasty, cost about 4 euro. A birra and a Shirley Temple and due macchiati.
There are tables with cutlery and cloths and the other half is less formal - for snacks obviously. The coffee was good - the waiters swift and agreeable. The view was superb.
BUT - I have found there is usually a surprise whenever you go to a cafe in Italy. This surprise was when I asked for il conto the waiter just told me the cost. I asked again for il conto - one likes to check - but no. He gave me a swift glance at his pad where he had written the cost - and that was that. No il conto for us!
We reckoned 22 euro was about right so we paid up. And left a tip.
Favorite Dish: PS It has been suggested to me the reason for no bill being presented was because they might have been doing a fiddle - if it doesn't go through the till then it is not on the books and can't be taxed. But I do believe it is illegal for us as customers to leave the restaurant without an official receipt. We could have got fined. -
Osteria delle 7 pance: Out of the big crowd
A bit away from the sea quay and the big crowd, hidden behind a street crner here is this lovely resaurat, with a covered terrasse that serves typical local cuisine mostly based on seafood.
Favorite Dish: Pesce San Pietro alla Ligure -
if you don't have much time and you choose to picnic, sitting for on a small wall, like rose and I did (the pic in the intro shows the "local" where we had lunch ;-)...), in front of the small hourbour there is a bakery shop selling good cheese, vegetables, rice tarts.
and for a coffee you can sit at the Crema e Cioccolato, in piazza Colombo, near the small harbour.
- 1
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Satisfaction: Excellent
Good for: Solo
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Note: This is weird, because this is the post I wrote on my blog titled "Grateful" and yet the post I wrote AFTER that showed up here on Wellsphere with that title. I have changed the title of the subsequent post to what it should be, and is on my blog: As Sick As Our Secrets. I guess the feed got mixed up when I did 2 posts too close together!:) I was already thinking of doing a gratitude list, and then read Jeremy's awesome post. I have so much to be grateful for in my life today, even when I forget, or when I focus on minor irritations and insignificant inconveniences. Today, I'm grateful for:
G'nite. Sleep tight. :D xo, PJ |
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Cute Office Organization
Sort It Out: 21 Chic Picks For Office Organization
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Sort It Out: 21 Chic Picks For Office Organization
If you've resolved to be more organized throughout 2013, why not start with your desk? A clean and tidy workspace can make staying focused a cinch, and these stylish items are anything but stuffy. We've rounded up a mix of elegant, colorful, and playful storage options to help you keep your things in order. Take a look at our favorite office items to kick-start your most organized year yet! No, really.
Shopping Guide
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Link Love
- 12 spaces that make a case for houseplants — Domaine Home
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- Mod magazine storage ideas — Houzz
- Say farewell to boring hammocks and hello to these cool new styles — PureWow
- Mood-boosting paint hues — Real Simple
- Life-enhancing luxuries to consider adding to a remodel — Remodelista
- 7 new uses for wall hooks — HuffPost Home
Latest Home


text: Sometimes it is a challenge to keep children involved and interested when the parents have their own agenda. I think it is important to find a balance between the two. Of course, the parents are the boss in a tutoring environment, but I am the professional. I divide the lesson into sections and try to hit the interest of both student and parent while making my own content the star of the show... read more


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Now you can make ticketwood.com your premier online shop for all Universal City Invasion Del Corrido tickets March as well as for all Gibson Amphitheatre hot concerts tickets including Los Angeles Philharmonic: Vivaldi and Handel, Jose Gonzalez, Nightwish and Coachella Music Festival - Weekend One tickets or even more. Ticketwood also have Invasion Del Corrido Gibson Amphitheatre March 16 2013 tickets as well as cheap tickets to everything like California hot concerts tickets or even for NYCB Theatre at Westbury, Saban Theatre, The Mountain Winery and Valley Dale Ballroom major concerts and festivals. You are in the perfect website where to purchase Invasion Del Corrido concerts March 16 2013 in addition to where to book premium seats for Gibson Amphitheatre concerts or even to get hard to find Home Depot Center, Humphreys Concerts by the Bay and Masquerade Atlanta concerts tickets at lowest prices.
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HP ScanJet G4050 Photo Flatbed Scanner, 8.5x12.3", 4800-dpi, USB Interface, for Mac & Windows
What's Included With This Item:
- HP Scanjet G4050 Photo Scanner
- Template Kit
- USB Cable
- Power Supply Adapter/Power Cord(s)
- CDs (Include Software and User's Guide)
- Setup and Support Guide
- I.R.I.S. Registration Flyer
- HP 1 Year Warranty
Ways to Save
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Easy Returns, Fast Shipping, Trusted for over 35 years.Need help? Call 800-223-2500 212-741-0052


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New to Typophile? Accounts are free, and easy to set up.
I'd like to know if anyone can identify the font in the following two photos?
I believe they might be the same exact font, judging by the letter "E", but I am not positive. Please help.
Here is the second cover, which I believe is the same font as the first one.
I did a search on myfonts using the terms: upright script
This was on the bottom of the page: http://new.myfonts.com/fonts/itc/einhorn/
Thank you Stephen, they look very, very similar. This can be a great font for me, thank you!