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The Holy Sonnets of John Donne, Op. 35
The Holy Sonnets of John Donne, Op. 35 composed by Benjamin Britten (1913-1976). For Piano, Voice (High Voice). Boosey & Hawkes Voice. 40 pages. Boosey & Hawkes #M060014475. Published by Boosey & Hawkes (HL.48008926).
Contents: Oh my blacke Soule • Batter my Heart • O might those Sighes and Teares • Oh, to vex me • What if this present • Since she whom I loved • At the round Earth's imagined corners • Thou hast made me • Death, be not proud.
- Since She Whom I Loved
- Oh My Blacke Soule
- Batter My Heart
- O Might Those Sighes and Teares
- Oh, to Vex Me
- What If This Present
- At the Round Earth's Imagined Corners
- Thou Hast Made Me
- Death, Be Not Proud
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The Holy Sonnets of John Donne, Op. 35
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This is why people should take professional training.Is pointing a gun at a BG an acceptable violation of safety rules?
"Never point the gun at anything you are not willing to destroy." - Is pointing a firearm at a BG whom you are fully prepared to destroy a violation of the safety rule? NO !!!!

subset: commoncrawl


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Deltoid Tattoo by Yomico Moreno
Tattoo // Monday, September 05, 2011
Yomico Moreno did this impressive deltoid exposure tattoo on the body of David Arguello, done in Caracas, Venezuela earlier this year. Looks almost too real. Great work.
Openings, closing, and ongoing
Every image in one place
Current Issue
On sale now at newsstands or on screen
To officially kick off the new year, we are proud to announce the February 2015 issue with cover artist Sage Vaughn. The Los Angeles-based Vaughn has long been a friend of the magazine, and with his upcoming exhibition at Judith Charles in NYC coming up this Spring, it was time to sit down and talk to artist about the new transformations in his work. That's right, we are taking a walk into the Garden.


text: Silver Cleaning Cloth by Tales From The Earth £4$7.63€5.26$6.69 In stock £1.75$3.33€2.30$2.93 mainland UK delivery - Order now and receive this item on or before Tuesday 3 February £1.75$3.33€2.30$2.93 mainland UK deliveryEstimated delivery: 2-5 days £8.70$16.59€11.45$14.56 Express Next Day 1pm - Order now and receive this item on or before Thursday 29 January Express delivery available £14.70$28.04€19.35$24.61 Saturday delivery - Order now and receive this item on or before Saturday 31 January International delivery available quantity by Tales From The Earth Location: London, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller Silver Valentines Heart Necklace With Choc... £50$95.39€65.83$83.71 Happiness Bangle £42$80.13€55.30$70.32 Silver Christening Bootie Charm Necklace £50$95.39€65.83$83.71 Circle Of Life Silver Necklace £65$124.01€85.58$108.82 Love, Laughter And Adventure Silver Necklace £65$124.01€85.58$108.82 Best Friends Bangle £42$80.13€55.30$70.32 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS DELIVERY RETURNS ask seller a question Taking care of your silver purchase and keeping tarnishing at bay is easy with Tales From The Earth silver cleaning cloth. Humidity and chemicals in the air, as well as perspiration, can cause silver to tarnish. It's a natural process. Cleaning your silver jewellery and keepsakes regularly with a silver cloth is an easy way to avoid tarnishing, but wearing your jewellery often can help as well. It's important to apply make-up, perfume, body lotion or hairspray before you put on your jewellery - this will help maintain its lustre and sparkling shine - and always remember to take your silver jewellery off before showering or swimming. made from: Perfect to give with any gift or jewellery made from sterling silver. dimensions: Silver cleaning cloth by Tales From The Earth 17.7 x 12.7 cm. product code: 130676 This product is dispatched to you by Tales From The Earth. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item on or before price Standard Delivery Tuesday 3 February £1.75$3.33€2.30$2.93 Two Day Delivery Friday 30 January £5.70$10.87€7.50$9.54 Express Next Day Thursday 29 January £6.70$12.78€8.82$11.21 Express Next Day 1pm Thursday 29 January £8.70$16.59€11.45$14.56 Saturday Delivery Saturday 31 January £14.70$28.04€19.35$24.61 NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Highlands & Islands of Scotland 2-5 daysfrom dispatch £1.75$3.33€2.30$2.93 Northern Ireland 2-5 daysfrom dispatch £1.75$3.33€2.30$2.93 Other UK Islands 2-5 daysfrom dispatch £3.95$7.53€5.20$6.61 INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Western Europe 2-5 daysfrom dispatch £5.00$9.53€6.58$8.37 Rest of Europe 5-10 daysfrom dispatch £5.00$9.53€6.58$8.37 USA & Canada 5-10 daysfrom dispatch £6.95$13.25€9.15$11.63 Far East & Australasia 5-10 daysfrom dispatch £7.25$13.83€9.54$12.13 Rest of the world 5-14 daysfrom dispatch £7.25$13.83€9.54$12.13 You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. Tales From The Earth's return policy


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Much ink has been spilled over the notion of a "Sophomore Slump."
A simple Google search reveals that MGMT's Congratulations was deemed mediocre at best, as was Reggie Bush's second season with the Saints. Whether or not you believe in the prolific nature of the trend, there seems to be a quiet understanding amongst Middlebury students that there is something uniquely challenging about sophomore year. Yet many upperclassmen also tend to characterize this second year as the time when they knew the most people on campus and felt the most at ease. So, what gives? As sophomores, are we thriving as semi-acclimated veterans or are we spiraling into the depths of monotony and apathy?
Academically, we are no longer the wide-eyed newbies that arrived on campus over a year ago (or just about a year ago for the Febs).
This fall, I watch as the freshmen in my classes answer questions with admirable eagerness. I can tell that they've actually completed all of their readings… even the optional ones. Yet now, as a sophomore, the thought of having time to do any of my readings in their entirety is absolutely hilarious. Like laughably ridiculous.
Perhaps the sophomore workload is actually more difficult. Many of us have moved up from intro courses and freshman seminars and into upper level classes. Or maybe nothing new is really being asked of us, and the change is purely attitudinal.
There are many explanations for sophomore academic apathy. It is logical to consider that the insane, overachiever lifestyle that got us into Middlebury in the first place finally takes its toll sophomore year. Maybe the expectations for going abroad have caused us to get some pre-requisites out of the way that we don't really have much of a desire to take. Or maybe the pressure of major declaration, which prompts us to narrow our studies slightly, has created a more monotonous academic environment.
However, I think the most compelling explanation for the collegiate sophomore slump is that, with a year under our belt, we have begun to understand what truly has the potential to make us happy at Middlebury, yet feel too confined by the academic expectations of this institution to act in our own best interest.
During freshman year, we tended to club shop until we committed to one group or ditched the effort entirely. We learned about Dunmore just as the water turned so cold that swimming qualified as a polar plunge. The Snowbowl sounded great, but we didn't all know how to get there.
But as sophomores, we have a better sense of the daymakers, the hidden gems, the places and things previously out of reach. Maybe it's finally finding the quarry, or successfully learning to navigate the ACTR. Maybe it's starting to find your niche in the community and realizing a real passion for your extracurriculars. Maybe it's your Old Stone Mill space, or your volunteer job in town, or a newly discovered section of the TAM. Regardless, by sophomore year, many of us have begun to identify something outside of schoolwork that makes Middlebury our own.
I believe that one of the publicized advantages of attending a liberal arts college is the proposition that learning environments similar to that of Middlebury are conducive to "finding oneself" academically as well as in a greater, metaphysical sense. But sometimes the pressure of an intense workload can cause academics to feel more like an impediment than a means to this self-discovery.
We sit back in class and hand in our problem sets less frequently than we'd like to. We feel fine about getting a B or B- because, hey we tried… sort of. We have a hard time shaking the feeling that schoolwork has no meaning, even though it's ultimately why we're here. We feel guilty and confused because we are no longer defined by our perfectionist impulses. And perhaps most importantly, we often forget how insanely lucky and privileged we are to be learning at a place like Middlebury.


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News Articles
Young Americans debuted Wednesday on The WB to respectable ratings success.
7/16/2000 08:00:00 PM EasternCoca-Cola-sponsored 'Young Americans' debuted Wednesday on The WB to respectable ratings success. In households, the show posted a 2.3/4 share, which was 44% higher than its Dawson's Creek lead-in. More significant, the series ranked No. 1 among female teens (The WB's core audience) during the 9 p.m. hour with a 3.2/14 share. Among adults 18-34, Young Americans grabbed a 2.0/6, a 25% climb from that time period's season-to-date average.


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Latest additionsAbstractCriminal Law – The Louise Woodward trialThe author summarises some key differences in the British and the American legal systems demonstrated by the manner in which the trial of Louise Woodward progressed and was reported by the press. Article published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London. Candler, Linda (1998) Criminal Law – The Louise Woodward trial. Amicus Curiae, 1998 (3). pp. 19-20.
Files available for downloadg |


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Resource centre >
News > New BGCI Report: Botanic Gardens, Endangered Trees and Reforestation in Africa
New BGCI Report: Botanic Gardens, Endangered Trees and Reforestation in Africa16 March 2011
Commenting on the publication of 'Botanic gardens, engangered trees and reforestation in Africa', BGCI's Director of Global Programmes Suzanne Sharrock said: The report concludes (page 21):
'In order to take on a wider role in forest restoration, botanic gardens in Africa need to form or renew partnerships with forestry agencies, NGOs and the private sector. The new structures being developed for REDD implementation provide an opportunity to do so but the extent to which the institutional arrangements are available for participation are variable. The REDD debate is political and complex and botanic gardens may wish to consider the extent to which they get involved either in practical projects or in monitoring and capacity building. There is also great potential to get involved in projects of the voluntary carbon market.' BGCI is grateful to the Rufford Foundation for support for this work. Copies of the report can be downloaded here (PDF) |
More News 27 January 2015
21 January 2015
20 January 2015
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19 January 2015


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Reed Hastings was inspired to start Netflix after a $40 late fee on a VHS copy of Apollo 13.
The details of this story are a little unclear as the three conservators, all of whom only agreed to speak on the condition of anonymity, gave conflicting reports.
"The capital-T Truth is about life BEFORE death." -David Foster Wallace, 2005
When Roger Ebert hated a film, he didn't mince words.
The gloves that changed color to reveal hidden images in the cold, are back—and in adult sizes.


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Follow Us
(Picture BC photo)
For information on music, dance or theatre festivals and events in this location, check out the map and events listings below.
36 Music, Dance or Theatre in North Vancouver
Friday, January 30, 2015
Presented by PuSh Festival at Club PuSh (Performance Works). Eye of Newt returns to Club PuSh with Norwegian vocalist Sissel Vera Pettersen to perform a live soundtrack to Ingmar Bergman's Hour of the Wolf.
More Details
Saturday, January 31, 2015
By Digital Handloom. Presented by PuSh Festival at Club PuSh (Performance Works). Mandeep Sethi spits hip hop with a social conscience; graffiti artist Nisha Sembi responds with painting; Rupi Kaur celebrates the beauty of broken English; followed by a dance party DJed by Sethi.
Sunday, February 01, 2015
Presented by PuSh Festival with Theatre Conspiracy at Club PuSh (Performance Works). Sun Belt's debut album is adapted into an invented multimedia history of an imaginary tar sands company town on the verge of becoming a desert wasteland. Preceded at 7:00 pm by a documentary screening of Kiss the Rabbit, about the PuSh Festival's 10th anniversary year.
Daily from February 2, 2015 to February 3, 2015
Presented by PuSh Festival and Music on Main. Iva Bittová is an avant-garde composer who sings and plays violin infused with the spirit of Eastern European folk music. Praised the world over for her expertly improvised fusion of old world and new music.
Daily from February 3, 2015 to February 4, 2015
Presented by PuSh Festival. Journalist Alanna Mitchell tells the story of our oceans and the huge risk their degradation poses to human life. Personal, scientific and political - on all three counts it's a revelation.
Daily from February 4, 2015 to February 8, 2015
By Lotte van den Berg, and presented by PuSh Festival and the Contemporary Art Gallery. In small groups, at an outdoor location, we are taken on a sensory adventure. A reintroduction to the pleasures of the senses. Beauty is all around us-all we have to do is look. Supported by Performing Arts Fund NL.
By Fight with a Stick, presented by PuSh Festival. Inspired by Herman Hesse's novel of self-reflection, the audience is seated before a row of mirrors. Somewhere within the reflection, the story begins and viewers become the viewed.
Daily from February 4, 2015 to February 7, 2015
By MACHiNENOiSY, presented by PuSh Festival and The Dance Centre. Featuring eight children and seven professional dancers, this new work upends ideas about age, ability and the border between dance and theatre.
Daily from February 5, 2015 to February 7, 2015
By Mariano Pensotti, presented by PuSh Festival with SFU Woodward's. The lives of four Argentinian filmmakers, and the four movies they create, are the premise of this inventive work about art as a part of life, as the creation of life. A comedic farce celebrating the human spirit.
Thursday, February 05, 2015
By Hong Kong Exile, presented by PuSh Festival and Theatre Conspiracy at Club PuSh (Performance Works). A theatrical keynote exploration about advancements in foreign property investment, cultural exchange, and policy-making changing the face of international trade. Preceded at 7:00 pm by Lang(Lang)guage, an interactive installation and recital investigating mass-scale Chinese piano ownership and worship.
Start Date
End Date


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The Enchanted Cave 2
Delve into a strange cave with a seemingly endless supply of treasure, strategically choos
4.35 / 5.00 32,993 ViewsGhostbusters B.I.P.
COMPLETE edition of the interactive "choose next panel" comic
4.08 / 5.00 11,537 ViewsFind all the secret behind the mystery dungeon, collect items, unlock safe, solve mystical puzzles and more.
WARNING: this game is extremely hard, require your super detective IQ to solve the puzzle :)
Some helpful tips:
The colors from the business cards is to get [two] digits of left [side] and [right] side
The shapes represent numbers, handkerchief is the clue of front digit.
The last clue is the numbers from the last page of the book. Follow by the [XY] except the red number.
Good luck and have fun :)
good music . but i dont know what those things are doing in a place like that ..
these morons cant solve it .. it has clues: the wallet , the dollar etc.
good idea though.
i think i know how to solve it i mean there are a lot of clues scattered but....nah its too boring make it more interesting i don't want to solve it using math
P.S. in the math physics book click and drag the bottom right corner and when you get to the last page try to solve the treasure chest box math signs(-+*/) by matching some of the signs as i pertains to the math equation


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All | Editorial | General Tech | Graphics Cards | Networking | Motherboards | Cases and Cooling | Processors | Chipsets | Memory | Displays | Systems | Storage | Mobile | Shows and Expos
Western Digital hopes to provide your next media centre
Subject: Systems | August 3, 2010 - 06:26 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
It is not quite an HTPC as it does not seem to have recording capabilities, the WD TV Live Plus HD media playercan stream from your Netflix account, YouTube and various other online media sources making it a little more useful than many media streamers. It is rather small, about the size of an external HDD case and it consumes about 4W which makes it great for people short on space and fre
A little box that can record any video you want to feed it
Subject: Systems | July 23, 2010 - 01:28 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
At $200 the Hauppauge HD PVR High Definition Personal Video Recorder is a small box that connects to any video source and records it. To test that claim Bjorn3D tried recording from their cable set top box, an Xbox 360 game, a Xbox game, satellite television, Blu-Ray movies in 1080i, a SD DVD movie, and even a movie off of a VCR. All were completely sucessful, the HD PVR did not have a problem recordin
Lenovo's AMD powered all in one PC
Subject: Systems | July 20, 2010 - 05:32 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Lenovo's C315 is an all in one desktop PC, what looks like a large touchscreen monitor is in reality a full PC with every bit of the functionality of a more common looking box. It might even be more capable than some as the list of components even includes a TV Tuner. Inside is an Athlon II X2 250U @ 1.6GHz, ATI HD 4530 M92-M+ integrated graphics, 4GB of RAM and a 500GB spindle based HDD. The configured system that Tech Spot tried was $849, more expensive than many other all
ASRock's HTPC system gets an upgrade
Subject: Systems | July 7, 2010 - 05:54 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
The ASRock Core 100HT represents a big upgrade in performance for this series, moving off of the ION platform and instead using an Intel i3-330M 2.13GHz as a processor really gives a bump in performance capabilities. The entire system is 7.68" x 2.76" x 7.32" and its black finish will allow you to place this unobtrusively in
a living room and the wireless connectivity will help you if you stream content from another machine. Something new to think about is 3D TV and gaming, something you would assume was limited to machines with a high end video card or two;
Summer system updates
Subject: Systems | July 2, 2010 - 02:53 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
The Tech Report has updated their system guide for the summer, featuring everything from a new Econobox to an improved double stuff system. They also go beyond just internal hardware recommendations to look at the choices you have in operating systems and even a bit on the most important peripherals such as monitors. Drop by and see what they recommend for you and don;t forget that we have our own PC Perspective Hardware Leaderboard, freshly crafted each month.
A round up of low powered media streaming boxes
Subject: Systems | June 21, 2010 - 03:24 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
The term media streamer can be attached to many devices, from a high powered NAS device to an Xbox by way of custom built HTPCs, but in this review AnandTech has classified a media streamer as a device capable of streaming media but is on a diet of 50W or less. That does reduce the lineup quite a bit as very few HTPCs or servers are able to survive on 50W of power. From Atoms and IONs to ARM based processors and into gaming consoles, they cover almost all of the bases of boxtop streame
Puget builds a sound computer
Subject: Systems | June 15, 2010 - 02:22 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
If you have been shopping for a high end prebuilt boutique computer then there is a good chance you've run into Puget Systems. Their systems have been reviewed before at several sites such as [H]ard|OCP but this time Ryan got a chance to test one of their systems and it was impressive. The Puget Systems Deluge that he received had an i7-980X, 12GB Kingston DDR3-1800 and a pair of GTX 480's in SLI on an ASUS P6X58D Premium. Sure the system will run you $6000 but take a look at t
Ready made HTPC
Subject: Systems | June 10, 2010 - 03:10 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
If you are a big fan of TV and movies then there is a good chance you would rather spend your free time watching the aforementioned entertainment as opposed to building the machine that will provide the entertainment. The ASRock ION 330HT-BDis an inexpensive and very quick way to get yourself a fully functional HTPC without too much effort on your part. In box smaller than an Xbox is housed an Intel Atom 330 1.6GHz CPU on an ION board with a
Why is HDMI 1.4 so great anyways?
Subject: Systems | May 13, 2010 - 12:31 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
A question very easily answered by the first image in CoD's article, as you can see that little network channel that has been added makes wiring in web enabled HTPC equipment much easier. No longer do you need to run HDMI and CAT5/6 cabling from each component as HDMI 1.4 can do double duty. That's isn't the only added benefit, as with the audio return channel you can drop some RCA jacks as well. Those are two of the highlights but there are more benefits to be had.
Lenovo Revamps Consumer Products: New Notebooks and All-in-Ones
Subject: Systems | May 12, 2010 - 01:55 PM | Jonathan Hung
Lenovo has announced brand new products to their consumer line-up, letting out a fresh batch of notebooks, all-in-one systems, and a lone nettop.
New Notebooks
Spring has sprung and it is time for new system recommendations
Subject: Systems | May 3, 2010 - 02:36 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
In this case it is The Tech Report who have updated their recommended system builds, just ahead of the arrival of AMD's 6 core 1090T CPU so the only 6 core processor in these systems is the ultra fast Core i7 980X. That 980X sits in the the Double Stuff workstation along with the ever popular Gigabyte GA-X58A-UD3R
and 12GB of DDR3-1600. Other big changes include moving the Utility Player to a microATX motherboard and enclosure to make it even more handy as an HTPC.
VidaBox's new HTPC case bears a long name for such a small case
Subject: Systems | April 12, 2010 - 03:30 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
The impressively titled VidaBox SLIMv3 vCase3 Premium mATX HTPC Case
might be a little hard to find online but it will certainly fit the needs of many HTPC builders. The case is slightly reminiscent of a rack mounted case but even more like an old VHS player. The assembly is so easy a child can handle it, as proved in MadShrimps review. Drop by for a look if you prefer a clean look for your HTPC as opposed to the more flashy styles of design.
Have Gateway's prebuilt systems changed their spots?
Subject: Systems | April 9, 2010 - 01:49 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tech Spot has been investigating the Gateway FX 6831-03 Gaming Desktop, priced around $1,600. Gateway has been much maligned and ignored by gamers as many of their systems lacked the power that they need for the latest games. The specs on this model might surprise you, for instance it has 16GB of DDR3 inside of it, though the HD5850 might not impress you as much. Drop by the review to see if Gateway has assembled a system even an enthusiast would appreciate or if they only came close<
Serial Attached SCSI heads in a different direction
Subject: Systems | April 5, 2010 - 04:23 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
SAS has been suffering a bit of embarrassment at the hands of SSDs as what once was the undisputed champion for performance in a data centre has been left behind by the quick new flash based upstart. Adoption of SSDs into those specific areas is slow for several reasons, not least of which is price as you might rightly think. The other important reason is storage density and that is a huge factor in corporate environments. Sure the SSDs do things faster, but often at a speed far in excess of what is needed in these environments and they are going to take up a lot more space e
Taking your home theatre seriously
Subject: Systems | March 24, 2010 - 02:12 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
One of our long standing contributors, Lee aka Robotech, has assembled a very comprehensive look at assembling the perfect home theatre. This is not a review of hardware so much as it is a blueprint to set up a room so as to reach audio and video nirvana. It will involve tape measures and calculators as the size and shape of the room is one of the more important things for getting that perfect experience. Join him in Part 1 of what will be an ongoing series of articles delving into the high end of home theatres.
Hackintoshing your way to imperfection
Subject: Systems | March 12, 2010 - 03:03 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
The Tech Report has been playing with a system based around a Gigabyte X38–DQ6 and an Intel Core 2 Extreme QX9650 CPU and have two main targets in mind. The first is to make the PC as cost effective as possible and the second is a little more ambitious, to install OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard.
They do have a guide on what to do to the BIOS and successfully installed and booted the machine. Now that the machine works, find out what features can and can't be expected to perform properly.
A new way to interface with your HTPC
Subject: Systems | March 8, 2010 - 03:20 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Almost all TV Tuner cards come with a remote control to add to the pile that likely lives on your coffee table, though some abandon that in favour of a wireless mouse and keyboard. techPowerUp!
BFG Tech Announces Customer Appreciation Sale on Phobos and Deimos High Performance Systems
Subject: Systems | March 2, 2010 - 01:35 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Libertyville, IL – March 1, 2009 – BFG Technologies, producer of Phobos, the innovative high performance gaming/home theater system, and Deimos, the powerhouse SLI desktop replacement notebook, is excited to announce that all purchasers of their custom-built systems will get 10% off the final invoice when ordered between March 1 and March 19, 2010.
The Deimos X-10 SLI Desktop Replacement Notebook delivers super fast frame rates similar to an SLI desktop rig, but offers gamers and multimedia enthusiasts the convenient
Four new systems to choose from
Subject: Systems | February 25, 2010 - 01:22 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
While we would prefer you to use the PC Perspective Hardware Leaderboard, it is not your only source of information for possible builds. The Tech Report puts together four recommended builds including a double stuff work station for those doing creative and productive work on their PCs along with the usual delimitations of performance. You will even find a Core i5 in their recommended media machine.
Monuel MonCaso, a castle for your HTPC
Subject: Systems | February 22, 2010 - 05:19 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
If you are looking for a unique and compact HTPC case you should consider Moneual's MonCaso 600. If you are not into building SFF PCs you may have never run into Moneual before as their entire line up is based around that. This case includes a 350W TFX form factor PSU, a good idea as the long skinny PSUs can be difficult to find. At 3.8 x 16.9 x 13.8" you will not be fitting anything other than an mATX board inside (perhaps the Gigabyte GA-P55M-UD4 LGA Steve just reviewed) and any extra cards you want to add will have to be s
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text:
Patience Quotes and Sayings
Do you have the patience to wait until your mud settles and the water is clear?
– Lao Tzu
Adopt the pace of nature: her secret is patience.
– Ralph Waldo Emerson
Impatience can cause wise people to do foolish things.
– Janette Oke
Trees that are slow to grow bear the best fruit.
– Molière
Don't lose hope, just lose your ego with work and patience.
Be positive, patient and persistent.
Two things define you. Your patience when you have nothing, and your attitude when you have everything.
Rivers know this: there is no hurry. We shall get there some day.
– A.A. Milne
Patience and silence are two powerful energies. patience makes you mentally strong, silence makes you emotionally strong!
Good things take time and patience.
Patience and silence are two powerful energies.
Patience makes you mentally strong.
Silence makes you emotionally strong.
Patience and politeness are not person's weakness. They are reflections of a person's inner strength.
The two hardest tests on the spiritual road are the patience to wait for the right moment and the courage not to be disappointed with what we encounter.
– Paulo Coelho
Tolerance is nothing more than patience with boundaries.
– Shannon L. Alder
Everything comes to you in the right moment. Be patient.
The greatest power is often simple patience.
~ E. Joseph Cossman
Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.
– Aristotle
Why is patience so important? Because it makes us pay attention.
– Paulo Coelho
For me to be patient is like to be a brave.
Patience is the ability to count down before you blast off.
Sometimes, no matter how much you want for things to happen all you can do is wait. And usually, waiting is the hardest part.
Patience is not the ability to wait, but the ability to keep a good attitude while waiting.
– Joyce Meyer
He that can have patience, can have what he will.
– Benjamin Franklin
Be patient. Good things come to those who wait.
Patience is not about doing nothing. Patience is about constantly doing everything you can. But being patient about results


text: Criminal By Valentine Bureau and Monica West aka MVPleez [Video] admin | March 16, 2012 | Entertainment, Videos | No Comments Valentine Bureau and Monica West aka MVPleez has just launched their music video 'CRIMINAL–MVPleez feat. DreeDay'. Directed by Kathleen Grace, the song based on the expensive city New York and to live, you have to cut few corners. Check out this funny video and enjoy the song. Some Related Posts:Christian Andersen's The Street Aesthetic of New York City'New York City Timelapse' By Ross Ching – Empty America [Video]Improv Everywhere's Latest Prank 'The Mannequin Mob' [Video]Neil Patrick Harris Opening Song At Tony Awards 2012 [Video]The Rise of One World Trade Center 2004-2012 Time-Lapse VideoAsher Roth And Chuck Inglish Of The Cool Kids – "In The Kitchen" (Music Video)The Rise of One World Trade Center 2010 – 2012 Commemorative Time-Lapse VideoAnimated Music Video By Novie Edwards and Gavin ReedSophia Grace & Rosie Cover Nicki Minaj's "Moment 4 Life" On Ellen DeGeneresFemale Baringo Giraffe Calf Chasing Butterfly At Bronx Zoo [Video]Giraffe Calf Chasing Peacock At Bronx Zoo [Video]Sophia Grace and Rosie Covers Nicki Minaj's 'Starships | Ellen DeGeneres Show Tags:Andree Vermeulen, crazy video, CRIMINAL, CRIMINAL--MVPleez feat. DreeDay, Direction, DreeDay, Duo, Expensive, funny, funny video, Girls, Kathleen Grace, Manhattan, Monica West, Music, music video, MVPleez, New York, New York City, Rap Video, song, usa, Valentine Bureau, Valentine Bureau and Monica West, video, youtube Related Posts One Direction Unveiled 'Little Things' – Take Me Home [Music Video] No Comments | Nov 3, 2012 Miley Cyrus We Can't Stop Parody by Jessica Frech No Comments | Aug 9, 2013 It's My Life what ever I wanna Do – Vennu Mallesh [Music Video] No Comments | Aug 28, 2012 Telephonic Conversation In English with 24 different accents | Never Miss This Crazy Video No Comments | Oct 4, 2010 Add a Comment Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Name:* Email Address:* Website: Comment:*


text:
This week long assault will re-open the gun control issue. It will be high profle with lots of fanfare..... This run-up on such little volume makesme queezy.
Gunner stop worrying and just short more or shut up!
good point.
Sentiment: Strong Buy
look at this: http://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2013/01/09/wal-mart-nations-largest-gun-retailer-will-skip-white-house-talks-on-gun-laws/?partner=yahootix
No, they're going. A little arm twisting. O wants to disarm the nation, but we will always be an armed nation, he thinks he's Idi Amin and can do anything. He feels he has to do something for his base. His powers are limited to some marginal changes and that will cause a flurry of arms sales. States are fighting back on the issue. Ignore headlines as Ruger will blow numbers away in spite of and because of liberal pressure. I'm holding for now, ignore white noise.


text:
Model: 105110 Item: OFX105110
Choose the brand that's tall in taste and short in cost. Pop Weaver has the delicious rich buttery flavor and plump, tender texture that keeps people coming back for more. It's the perfect healthy, satisfying snack. Conveniently microwaveable. Food Type: Popcorn; Flavor: Butter; Capacity (Weight): 3 23/25 lbs.


text:
Hemispheric specialization for language according to grapho-phonemic transformation and gender. A divided visual field experiment.
Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (UMR CNRS 5105)
ABSTRACT This behavioral study aimed at assessing the effect of two variables on the degree of hemispheric specialization for language. One of them was the grapho-phonemic translation (transformation) (letter-sound mapping) and the other was the participants'gender. The experiment was conducted with healthy volunteers. A divided visual field procedure has been used to perform a phoneme detection task implying either regular (transparent) grapho-phonemic translation (letter-sound mapping consistency) or irregular (non-transparent) grapho-phonemic translation (letter-sound mapping inconsistency). Our results reveal a significant effect of grapho-phonemic translation on the degree of hemispheric dominance for language. The phoneme detection on items with transparent translation (TT) was performed faster than phoneme detection on items with non-transparent translation (NTT). This effect seems to be due to faster identification of TT than NTT when the items were presented in the left visual field (LVF)-right hemisphere (RH). There was no difference between TT and NTT for stimuli presented in the right visual field (RVF)-left hemisphere (LH). This result suggests that grapho-phonemic translation or the degree of transparency can affect the degree of hemispheric specialization, by modulating the right hemisphere activity. With respect to gender, male participants were significantly more lateralized than female participants but no interaction was observed between gender and degree of transparency.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In the presented experiment we explored the effect of lexicality on hemisphere specialisation and cooperation during a phonological task. The divided visual field (DVF) method with bilateral presentation (BVF) of redundant (identical) stimuli is considered an appropriate approach to assess inter-hemispheric cooperation (IHC). IHC is supposed to increase the efficiency of cognitive processes. Specifically, it has been shown that, compared to unilateral hemifield presentation, word processing is significantly more efficient if stimuli were presented under bilateral redundancy conditions. The performance enhancement during bilateral vs. unilateral presentation is called bilateral redundant gain (BRG). In the present experiment a DVF was used and participants were required to perform a rhyme detection task in two blocks, one in words and another one in pseudowords. Each item was presented in two different modes, one unilateral (right or left hemi-visual field) and another one bilateral (simultaneous redundant presentation). Unilateral trials allow one to study hemispheric specialisation, while bilateral redundant trials allow one to study inter-hemispheric cooperation. We obtained left hemisphere specialisation for both types of items (word, pseudoword). Moreover, words were more efficiently processed than pseudowords. Additionally, words were processed more efficiently in BVF than in unilateral presentation, inducing BRG. No similar effect was obtained for pseudowords. These results are discussed in respect to findings reported by other studies suggesting that hemispheric specialisation depends on lexicality. Moreover, compared to lexical decision tasks used in previous studies, the phonological task used in the present study seems to modulate the inter-hemispheric cooperation less. PMID: 22489628 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]Laterality 04/2012; · 1.13 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The neuroscientific investigation of sex differences has an unsavoury past, in which scientific claims reinforced and legitimated gender roles in ways that were not scientifically justified. Feminist critics have recently argued that the current use of functional neuroimaging technology in sex differences research largely follows that tradition. These charges of 'neurosexism' have been countered with arguments that the research being done is informative and valuable and that an over-emphasis on the perils, rather than the promise, of such research threatens to hinder scientific progress. To investigate the validity of these contrasting concerns, recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations of sex differences and citation practices were systematically examined. In line with the notion of neurosexism, the research was found to support the influence of false-positive claims of sex differences in the brain, to enable the proliferation of untested, stereotype-consistent functional interpretations, and to pay insufficient attention to the potential plasticity of sex differences in both brain and mind. This, it is argued, creates a literature biased toward the presentation of sex differences in the brain as extensive, functionally significant, and fixed—and therefore implicitly supportive of a gender essentialist perspective. It is suggested that taking feminist criticisms into account would bring about substantial improvement in the quality of the science, as well as a reduction in socially harmful consequences.Neuroethics 01/2013; 6(2). · 1.04 Impact Factor - SourceAvailable from: Monica Baciu[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Growing evidence suggests that age impacts on interhemispheric representation of language. Dichotic listening test allows assessing language lateralization for spoken language and it generally reveals right-ear/left-hemisphere (LH) predominance for language in young adult subjects. According to reported results, elderly would display increasing LH predominance in some studies or stable LH language lateralization for language in others ones. The aim of this study was to depict the main pattern of results in respect with the effect of normal aging on the hemisphere specialization for language by using dichotic listening test. A meta-analysis based on 11 studies has been performed. The inter-hemisphere asymmetry does not seem to increase according to age. A supplementary qualitative analysis suggests that right-ear advantage seems to increase between 40 and 49 y old and becomes stable or decreases after 55 y old, suggesting right-ear/LH decline.Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement 03/2013; 11(1):57-64. · 0.40 Impact Factor
Page 1
Hemispheric specialization for language according to grapho-phonemic
transformation and gender. A divided visual field experiment
Emilie Cousin, Marcela Perrone, Monica Baciu*
Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, UMR CNRS 5105, Université Pierre Mendès-France, BP 47, 38040 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Accepted 9 October 2008
Available online 18 November 2008
Divided visual field
Grapho-phonemic translation
a b s t r a c t
This behavioral study aimed at assessing the effect of two variables on the degree of hemispheric special-
ization for language. One of them was the grapho-phonemic translation (transformation) (letter-sound
mapping) and the other was the participants' gender. The experiment was conducted with healthy volun-
teers. A divided visual field procedure has been used to perform a phoneme detection task implying
either regular (transparent) grapho-phonemic translation (letter-sound mapping consistency) or irregu-
lar (non-transparent) grapho-phonemic translation (letter-sound mapping inconsistency). Our results
reveal a significant effect of grapho-phonemic translation on the degree of hemispheric dominance for
language. The phoneme detection on items with transparent translation (TT) was performed faster than
phoneme detection on items with non-transparent translation (NTT). This effect seems to be due to faster
identification of TT than NTT when the items were presented in the left visual field (LVF)-right hemi-
sphere (RH). There was no difference between TT and NTT for stimuli presented in the right visual field
(RVF)-left hemisphere (LH). This result suggests that grapho-phonemic translation or the degree of trans-
parency can affect the degree of hemispheric specialization, by modulating the right hemisphere activity.
With respect to gender, male participants were significantly more lateralized than female participants
but no interaction was observed between gender and degree of transparency.
? 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
For the majority of individuals, language functions depend on
the left dominant hemisphere (Chiarello, Kacinik, Manowitz, Otto,
& Leonard, 2004; Springer & Deutsch, 2000). The present research
used the divided visual field procedure (DVF) since it is, among the
various methods used to assess the hemispheric specialization for
language operations, a reliable and easy-to-use behavioral tech-
nique. This procedure exploits the fact that visual pathways are
partially crossed (Bourne, 2006; Chiarello et al., 2004). Due to this
anatomical specificity, a stimulus that is flashed in half of one vi-
sual field will be first processed by the opposite hemisphere. Thus,
when presenting a stimulus in the left visual field (LVF) it will be
first processed by the right hemisphere (RH) and when presenting
a stimulus in the right visual field (RVF) it will first be processed by
the left hemisphere (LH). The logic underlying this procedure for
assessing language hemispheric dominance is that linguistic stim-
uli are processed faster and more efficiently if they are presented
first to the hemisphere specialized for language, generally the left
one (Bourne, 2006; Hunter & Brysbaert, 2008). Furthermore, the
DVF procedure allows the assessment of LH dominance for phono-
logical (Coney, 2002; D'Hondt & Leybaert, 2003; Lukatela, Carello,
Savic, & Turvey, 1986; Tremblay, Ansado, Walter, & Joanette,
2007; Tremblay, Monetta, & Joanette, 2004, 2007) and semantic
(Tremblay, Ansado, et al., 2007; Tremblay, Monetta, et al., 2007)
processes. Semantic (Kahlaoui & Joanette, 2008; Schmidt, DeBuse,
& Seger, 2007; Tremblay, Ansado, et al., 2007; Tremblay et al.,
2004, 2007) and phonological (Cousin, Peyrin, & Baciu, 2006; Lav-
idor, Johnston, & Snowling, 2006; Tremblay, Ansado, et al., 2007;
Tremblay et al., 2004, 2007) operations seem to induce various de-
grees of hemispheric lateralization. Phonological processes operate
with the auditory representations that are related to the grapho-
phonemic translations of visual stimuli (Alario, Schiller, Domoto-
Reilly, & Caramazza, 2003; Simon, Bernard, Lalonde, & Rebai,
2006; Walter, Cliche, Joubert, Beauregard, & Joanette, 2001). Exper-
iments conducted with the DVF procedure and neuroimaging
(Baciu et al., 2001; Kareken, Lowe, Chen, Lurito, & Mathews,
2000; Lurito, Kareken, Lowe, Chen, & Mathews, 2000) revealed that
they are significantly more lateralized than semantic processes
which deal with meaning (Coney, 2002; D'Hondt and Leybaert,
2003; Lukatela et al., 1986; Tremblay, Ansado, et al., 2007; Tremb-
lay et al., 2004, 2007).
Although phonological operations largely depend on the left
hemisphere, the left hemispheric dominance is not exclusive
(absolute) because there are some arguments suggesting right
hemisphere abilities during phonological processing. A large
0278-2626/$ - see front matter ? 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
* Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com
(M. Baciu).
Brain and Cognition 69 (2009) 465–471
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Brain and Cognition
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/b&c
Page 2
majority were provided by neuropsychological observations (Zai-
del & Peters, 1981). Using DVF, Smolka and Eviatar (2006) de-
scribed a commissurotomy patient (L.B from Zaidel & Peters,
1981) who was able to perform a simple phonological task (i.e.
ideographic reading) not only when the stimuli were presented
to the dominant LH (RVF) but also when they were presented to
the non-dominant RH (LVF). Because in this patient the two hemi-
spheres did not communicate, the authors concluded that the RH
could solve easy language operations and thus has some language
The degree of hemispheric specialization for language opera-
tions can be modified by manipulating tasks and/or psycholinguis-
tic characteristics of stimuli, such as concreteness (Chiarello, Liu, &
Shears, 2001), word imageabilty (Chiarello, Shears, Liu, & Kacinik,
2005), orthographic depth (Frost & Katz, 1989) or the type of gra-
pho-phonemic translation (Cousin et al., 2006; Crossman & Polich,
1988; Khateb et al., 2000; Tremblay, Ansado, et al., 2007; Tremblay
et al., 2004, 2007; Waldie & Mosley, 2000; Simon et al., 2006;
Walter et al., 2001). Processing visual words implies the translation
from graphemic (letter) to phonemic (corresponding sound)
representations. When the grapho-phonemic relation is regular
(transparent translation, TT) there is a consistent letter-sound
mapping. When it is irregular (non-transparent translation, NTT)
the letter-sound mapping is inconsistent. Languages with regular
grapho-phonemic relationships such as Italian, Spanish or German
are considered as transparent. English is less transparent because
the grapho-phonological conversion rules are not always consis-
tent. There are different degrees of grapho-phonemic transparency.
French language is more non-transparent (opaque) than Italian,
but more transparent than English. Thus, in French there are words
with regular grapho-phonemic translation and others with irregu-
lar grapho-phonemic translation (Yvon et al., 1998). For instance,
the phonological form of the word ''auto" (self) contains one pho-
neme with an irregular (non-transparent) relation between
orthography (''au") and sound (/o/). But the phonological form of
the word ''auto" contains another phoneme with a regular (trans-
parent) translation between orthography (''o") and sound (/o/). An-
other example is the phonological form of the French word
''femme" (woman). The first letter ''e" from the words corresponds
to the sound /a/. This is an example of irregular or NTT letter-sound
Using the DVF procedure, Tremblay et al. (2004) explored
whether the degree of grapho-phonemic transparency affects the
degree of hemispheric specialization for language. The authors
showed a significant effect of this factor on the degree of hemi-
spheric specialization. The results suggest that a phoneme detec-
tion task in TT stimuli can be performed by both hemispheres.
That is because phoneme detection in TT phonemes would mainly
require a visual global analysis, which is more based on letter iden-
tification than grapho-phonemic translation. Both hemispheres are
able to perform a visual global analysis, but only the LH is able to
perform grapho-phonemic translations.
The results of Tremblay et al. (2004) are in agreement with
those founded by Lukatela et al. (1986) which had manipulated
the phonological ambiguity in Serbo-croat. They have found that
phonological ambiguity had strong effects in the right hemisphere.
This result presupposes that both hemispheres have different abil-
ities in order to process phonology. Moreover, Smolka and Eviatar
(2006) have performed a DVF study by using an interference para-
digm in unvoweled Hebrew script to assess hemispheres phono-
logical abilities (i.e. phonemically, orthographically and figurally
incorrect vowel information conflicted with the consonant of
words in each visual field). Their interference pattern obtained
indicates that the left hemisphere automatically transforms graph-
eme into phonological information whereas right hemisphere pro-
cess grapheme as visual forms.
In this perspective, the Simon et al. study (2006) explored the
effect of orthographic transparency on event-related potentials
(ERP) in bilingual French-Arab readers. French, unlike Arab, was
expected to favor the use of grapheme-phoneme conversion rules
during reading. Previous results obtained by the same team
showed that N320 is a good candidate for grapheme–phoneme
conversion processing in languages such as French. Indeed, when
reading in their mother tongue, only French subjects clearly elic-
ited a N320. Moreover, the comparisons between activations elic-
ited by Arabic words in Arab subjects and French monolingual
people also confirm that the N170 component represents an
important orthographic stage. These results may have implications
concerning visual word recognition and suggest the existence of at
least two mechanisms in the access to word meaning.
The Simon et al. study (2006) does not directly tell us about
transparency but based on their results we can make indirect
assumptions about how specific ERP components reflect transpar-
ency. More specifically, the N320 was elicited by the grapheme-
phoneme translation condition. Assimilated to our ''non-transpar-
ent" condition, the N320 component can be indirectly considered
as a marker of transparency: the N320 would be elicited or has
higher amplitude for ''non-transparent" than for ''transparent"
condition. Although some other studies show a relationship be-
tween N320 and transparency, the interpretation of it is not related
to linguistic processes. More precisely a study performed by
Tremblay, Ansado, et al. (2007) and Tremblay, Monetta, et al.
(2007) for a phonological judgement in ''transparent" and ''non-
transparent" words compared whether a variation of graphemes-
to-phonemes difficulty has an impact on the N320 and N400.
Although the N320 was elicited by both conditions, the authors
surprisingly showed that the amplitude of this ERP component
was higher for ''transparent" (easy) than for ''non-transparent"
(difficult) condition. The authors interpret their results according
to the idea advanced by Proverbio, Vecchi, and Zani (2004), namely
that N320 reflects a stage in the graphemes-to-phonemes conver-
sion mechanism and its larger amplitude represents the partici-
pant's confidence in their responses. The N320 and N170-180
elicited during a phonological task are recorded on the anterior
fronto-central region (N320) and on the occipito-temporal region
(N170-180). They are both left hemisphere lateralized (Proverbio
et al., 2004). Overall, these findings suggest that the effect of psy-
cholinguistic variables such as transparency on the amplitude of
ERPs do not necessary reflect processing stages but rather this ef-
fect could more simply index the brain's sensitivity to the ortho-
graphic regularity. Thus, the origin of the relationship between
ERP components and psycholinguistic variables such as transpar-
ency is not completely understood and further investigation is nec-
essary for clarification.
In a previous behavioral DVF experiment (Cousin et al., 2006)
we compared the degree of hemispheric lateralization for two pho-
nological (rhyme detection and phoneme detection) tasks. We
have shown that rhyme detection was more lateralized than pho-
neme detection. The reduced RVF-LH advantage for phoneme com-
pared to rhyme detection was induced by different degrees of
grapho-phonemic translation. Actually, the target-phoneme during
the phoneme detection task, /b/, required a regular (transparent)
grapho-phonemic translation from the letter ''b". As mentioned
above, both hemispheres are equally able to perform this task
(Tremblay, Ansado, et al., 2007; Tremblay et al., 2004, 2007) since
performing this task involves visual detection. This result is in
agreement with a PET study (Cappa, Perani, Schnur, Tettamanti,
& Fazio, 1998) showing that a letter detection task activates very
weakly the language regions and mainly involves the visual re-
gions, mostly in a bilateral fashion. If the TT phonemes detection
can be assimilated to a letter detection task, it proves again that
it mainly involves non lateralized visual regions.
E. Cousin et al./Brain and Cognition 69 (2009) 465–471
Page 3
Other variables affect the degree of hemispheric specialization
for language, such as handedness (Bradshaw & Taylor, 1979;
Piazza, 1980; Tremblay et al., 2004) and gender (Coney, 2002;
Majeres, 1999). Behavioral (Coney, 2002; Majeres, 1999) and
neuroimaging studies (Clements et al., 2006; Pugh et al., 1996;
Shaywitz et al., 1995; Voyer, 1996) showed that females are less
lateralized than males for phonological processing. No difference
has been observed for semantic tasks as a function of gender (Frost
et al., 1999; Pugh et al., 1996; Shaywitz et al., 1995).
The aim of this DVF experiment carried out with healthy right-
handed males and females was to assess the effect of grapho-pho-
nemic translation (T or NTT) and gender on the hemispheric spe-
cialization for language during a phoneme detection task.
2. Material and methods
2.1. Participants
Seventeen healthy males (mean of age 23.6 y) and seventeen
healthy females (mean of age 22.9 y) participated in the experi-
ment. They were native French speakers. They were graduate and
undergraduate students and received course credit at the Univer-
sity for their participation. They were all right-handed according
to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971) and had
normal or corrected-to-normal vision. They all gave their informed
consent to the study.
2.2. Stimuli
We presented two types of stimuli: ''language condition" and
''control condition". The ''language condition" stimuli were 96 legal
pseudo-words (Fig. 1) built by exchanging two or three letters in
French concrete 7 letter nouns. They were displayed randomly,
48 in the LVF (i.e. 24 targets and 24 non-targets items) and 48 in
the RVF (i.e. 24 targets and 24 non-targets items). The target-items
(items to be detected) contained the phoneme /o/ varying by gra-
pho-phonemic transparency. Half of target-items were TT (con-
tained the grapheme ''o" and the phoneme /o/; the grapho-
phonemic transformation was considered regular). The other half
were NTT (contained the grapheme ''au" and the phoneme /o/;
the grapho-phonemic transformation was considered irregular).
The target-phoneme was placed an equivalent number of times
at the beginning [i.e. autril (NTT) or obalet (TT)], in the middle
[i.e. phaumi (NTT) or clotir (TT)] and at the end [i.e. amilau (NTT)
or damulo (TT)] of the pseudo-words. All the stimuli were written
in white ''Courrier New" font size 24 and centered on the middle of
a white screen. The pseudo-words were presented randomly
among participants.
The ''control condition" stimuli were 96 items (Fig. 1) composed
of unreadable characters (Karalyn Patterson font). They were the
same length as the linguistic stimuli. We used the control items
to make sure that the inter-hemispheric difference we expected
to obtain for the linguistic stimuli was not due to visual processing
but to a language activity, as no inter-hemispheric difference was
expected for the control items. Each trial (language or control stim-
ulus) started with a fixation cross and was followed by a visual
mask (composed of seven stars) in order to remove retinal
2.3. Tasks and procedure
The subjects were instructed to perform a language (phoneme
detection in pseudo-words) and a control (visual detection in
unreadable characters) task. During phoneme detection the partic-
ipants had to judge whether the pseudo-words contained the
sound /o/. During the presentation of the control items, the partic-
ipants were instructed to judge whether the items contained at
least one character which overshot the others. More specifically
it means that participants had to detect if among all the Karalyn
Patterson characters forming an unreadable word, there was at
least one which was spatially higher than the other ones.
After receiving the instructions, the participants went through a
short training session with items that were different from those
presented during the DVF experiment.
During the experiment, each participant was tested individually
in a darkened quiet room. The subjects were seated in front of a
computer monitor (screen resolution 1024 by 768 pixels), located
at 110 cm in front of them. The experiment was built by means
of E-Prime software (E-Prime Psychology Software Tools Inc., Pitts-
burgh, USA). Each trial began with a fixation cross of 500 msec
duration in order to keep the gaze direction the center of the
screen. Then, the stimulus was displayed, either in the LVF or in
the RVF was displayed for 130 msec. This short presentation time
insured a mono-hemispheric presentation. Each item was followed
by a visual mask composed of symbols (sequence of seven stars)
which lasted 30 msec. The inner and the outer edges of the lateral-
ized presented stimuli located 2? and 6? from fixation, respectively.
Finally, the trial ended with a fixation cross of 1500 msec duration.
The answers (yes or no) were transmitted by means of two re-
sponse keys pressed by the index and the middle fingers of the
Fig. 1. Example of stimuli presented during the experiment. A language trial (left side) consists of: fixation cross, (a) task item (pseudo-words containing or not the phoneme
/o/) and visual mask. A control trial (right side) consists of: fixation cross, (b) control item (unreadable words containing or not at least one Karalyn Patterson character which
is higher than the other ones).
E. Cousin et al./Brain and Cognition 69 (2009) 465–471
Page 4
right hand (for one half of the items) and of the left hand (for an-
other half of the items). The response hand was counterbalanced
between subjects. The reaction time (RT) and the accuracy (% cor-
rect) were recorded for each participant. The entire experiment
lasted 12 min.
Data processing was performed by using an analysis of variance
(ANOVA). We used a two-step analysis. The first step consisted of a
general analysis of variance ANOVA including all subjects and all
items of both experimental states (language and control), in order
to make sure that the inter-hemispheric difference in fact was due
to language processing. We expected to observe a hemispheric spe-
cialization only for the language condition but not for the control
condition. If the difference between the visual fields (hemispheres)
was significant for one condition, the second step was to examine
whether there was gender and grapho-phonemic translation effect
on hemispheric specialization.
Moreover, we checked (t-test) that the Correct Responses Rates
(% CR) for the main condition (RVF-LH vs. LVF-RH) were above the
chance level. All results are reported in Table 1.
3. Results
3.1. First step analysis
We performed an analysis of variance including all stimuli,
pseudo-words and control items. After verifying the assumption
of homogeneity of variance, a 2 ? 2 ANOVA was performed on RT
(F1) and CR rate (F2) with two within-subject factors with two con-
ditions, Visual field of presentation (LVF-RH, RVF-RH) and Experi-
Patterson items). All results are presented in terms of reaction
times (mean response time, RT) and Accuracy (% correct responses,
Control; Karalyn
3.1.1. Response time
For all subjects, a significant interaction was obtained between
visual field of presentation and experimental state [F1(1,33)= 4.06,
MSe = 5565.6, p < 0.05] suggesting different patterns of inter-hemi-
spheric asymmetry across conditions. We performed planned com-
parisons on this interaction and the results showed significant
effect of the visual field of presentation for pseudo-words
[F1(1,33)= 7.30, MSe = 9764.2, p < 0.05] with significantly faster re-
sponses for items presented in the RVF (837.6 msec) than for items
presented in the LVF (902.44 msec). We did not obtain a significant
effect of the visual field of presentation for the control condition
[F1(1,33)= 1.50, MSe = 1959.1, p = 0.22]. The RT was similar for
items presented in the RVF (747.8 msec) and for items presented
in the LVF (761 msec) (Fig. 2).
3.1.2. Accuracy
For all subjects, a significant interaction was obtained between
visual field of presentation and experimental states [F2(1,33)= 8.67,
MSe = 0.004, p < 0.05] suggesting different patterns of inter-hemi-
spheric asymmetry across conditions. We performed planned com-
parisons on this interaction and the results showed a significant
effect of the visual field of presentation for pseudo-words
[F2(1,33)= 15.63, MSe = 0.01, p < 0.001] with more accurate re-
sponses for items presented in the RVF (70%) than for items pre-
sented in the LVF (61%). We did not obtain any significant effect
of the visual field during the control condition [F2(1,33)= 3.39,
MSe = 0.0036, p = 0.08], the %CR was similar for items presented
in the RVF (78%) and for items presented in the LVF (74%) (Fig. 3).
3.2. Second analysis
The previous ANOVA analysis showed hemispheric specializa-
tion only for the language condition. Thus, in this second ANOVA
analysis we considered only the language condition and we as-
sessed the effect of two variables, gender and grapho-phonemic
translation on hemispheric specialization. After verifying the
assumption of homogeneity of variance, a 2 ? 2 ? 2 ANOVA was
performed on RT (F1) and CR rate (F2) with two within-subject fac-
Table 1
The mean correct responses rates (% CR) and the mean response time (RT msec) for
stimuli presented in the left visual field (LVF-RH) and right visual field (RVF-LH) for
each gender. t-Test for CR rate against chance level (50%) values and corresponding p-
values are reported.
Visual field of presentation
n participants
Mean response time (msec)
Standard error (msec)
Mean correct response (%)
Standard error (%)
t-Value (against chance level)
Fig. 2. This figure shows in terms of response time (RT msec) a significant
interaction between visual field of presentation and experimental conditions. The
inter-hemispheric difference was significant only for language condition (p < 0.05).
Fig. 3. This figure shows in terms of correct response rate (CR %) significant
interaction between visual field of presentation and experimental conditions. The
inter-hemispheric difference was significant only for language condition (p < 0.05).
E. Cousin et al./Brain and Cognition 69 (2009) 465–471
Page 5
tor with two conditions, Visual field of presentation (LVF-RH, RVF-
RH) and Grapho-phonemic transparency (NTT, TT) and one be-
tween-subject factor with two conditions, Gender (Male, Female).
All results are presented in terms of reaction times (mean response
time, RT) and Accuracy (% correct responses, CR).
3.2.1. Response time
A significant effect of the visual field of presentation was
obtained [F1(1,32)= 4.62, MSe = 14347.2, p < 0.05], pseudo-words
presented in the RVF (831.2 msec) were processed faster than those
presentedintheLVF(875.3 msec).Wealsoobtainedasignificantef-
fect of the type of grapho-phonemic translation [F1(1,32)= 6.43,
MSe = 13264.4, p < 0.05], TT induced faster responses (828.2 msec)
than NTT (878.3 msec). A significant interaction was obtained be-
tween the visual field of presentation and gender. It suggests differ-
ent patterns of inter-hemispheric asymmetry in male and in female
participants[F1(1,32)= 5.16,MSe = 14347.2,p < 0.05].Weperformed
nificant effect of the visual field of presentation for males
[F1(1,32)= 9.77, MSe = 14347.2, p < 0.05] with faster responses for
items presented in the RVF (765.5 msec) than for items presented
in the LVF (856.3 msec). We did not obtain any significant effect of
the visual field [F1(1,32)= 0.007, MSe = 14347.2, p = 0.93] in females,
RTsweresimilarforitemspresentedintheRVF(896.9 msec)andfor
items presented in the LVF (894.4 msec) (Fig. 4).
The significant interaction between gender and visual field of
presentation showed visual field presentation effect (i.e. faster re-
sponses for items presented in the RVF) only in the male popula-
tion. For this reason, in the following section, we explored the
effect of grapho-phonemic translation only in male participants.
3.2.2. Response time for the male population
A significant interaction was obtained between visual field of
presentation and the grapho-phonemic translation type for males
[F1(1,32)= 5.16, MSe = 73.80, p < 0.01] suggesting different patterns
of inter-hemispheric asymmetry for NTT and for TT. We performed
planned comparisons on this interaction and the results showed a
significant effect of the visual field of presentation for NTT
[F1(1,32)= 14.61, MSe = 13095.1, p < 0.001] with significantly faster
responses for items presented in the RVF (777.2 msec) than for
items presented in the LVF (927.2 msec). We did not obtain any
significant effect of the visual field of presentation [F1(1,32)= 0.98,
MSe = 8632.5, p = 0.32] for TT, the RT was similar for items pre-
sented in the RVF (753.8 msec) and for items presented in the
LVF (785.5 msec). The grapho-phonemic translation effect was spe-
cifically due to stimuli presented in the LVF-RH. Actually, when
stimuli were presented first in the LVF-RH, the subjects responded
faster forTT (785.5 msec)
[F1(1,32)= 15.05, MSe = 11349.41, p < 0.001] (see Fig. 5).
thanfor NTT(977.2 msec)
3.2.3. Accuracy
A significant effect of the visual field of presentation was ob-
tained [F2(1,32)= 15.17, MSe = 0.021, p < 0.005]. The pseudo-words
presented in the RVF (70%) were processed more efficiently than
those presented in the LVF (61%). We also obtained a significant ef-
fect ofthegrapho-phonemic
MSe = 0.032, p < 0.005], as TT (72%) were processed more effi-
ciently than NTT (59%).
Significant interactions were not found between visual field of
presentation and gender [F2(1,32)= 0.02, MSe = 0.021, p = 0.88],
nor between grapho-phonemic translation type and visual field
of presentation [F2(1,32)= 0.27, MSe = 0.015, p = 0.60].
translation[F2(1,32)= 20.07,
3.3. Synthesis of results
The main results obtained in this study are:
? Left hemispheric specialization during phoneme detection is
observed only in male participants.
? Significant effect of grapho-phonemic type: phoneme detection
NTT induced higher degree of lateralization than phoneme
detection TT.
? Modulation of RH involvement by the type of grapho-phonemic
translation: TT phoneme detection can be equally performed by
both hemispheres as visual processing is necessary to perform
this task.
Fig. 4. This figure shows in terms of response time (RT msec) the significant effect
of gender on the hemispheric specialization according to the visual field of
presentation. Males responded faster for stimuli presented in the RVF-LH than for
those presented in the LVF-RH. Females showed no difference.
Fig. 5. This figure shows in terms of response time (RT msec) significant interaction
between visual field of presentation and grapho-phonemic translation. Although
phoneme detection task induced significant advantage of the RVF (LH), the inter-
hemispheric difference was significantly greater (p < 0.001) for NTT than for TT. The
reduction of the inter-hemispheric difference was due to faster responses on the
LVF-RH for TT than for NTT.
E. Cousin et al./Brain and Cognition 69 (2009) 465–471
Page 6
4. Discussion
The aim of this DVF experiment was to explore the hemispheric
dominance for language in a French phoneme detection task. We
investigated the effects of grapho-phonemic translation and gen-
der. All the participants were left hemisphere lateralized in the lan-
guage condition but not in the control condition. This result was in
agreement with previous behavioral (Chiarello et al., 2004; Cousin
et al., 2006; Smolka & Eviatar, 2006; Tremblay, Ansado, et al., 2007;
Tremblay et al., 2004, 2007; Waldie & Mosley, 2000) and neuroim-
aging (Baciu, Juphard, Cousin, & Le Bas, 2005; Baciu et al., 2001;
Kareken et al., 2000; Lurito et al., 2000; Simon et al., 2006) studies.
4.1. Effect of gender
The second analysis of variance has shown that overall, only
males were hemisphere lateralized during phoneme detection.
They showed a significant advantage of the right visual field of pre-
sentation. This result is in agreement with those provided by Coney
(2002) in a DVF experiment, in which the authors explored pseu-
do-homophone detection (to judge if the pseudo-word ''sounds
like an ordinary English word") and a rhyme-matching task. For
these tasks, both involving grapho-phonemic transformation,
males were significantly more lateralized than females. These re-
sults are in line with neuroimaging studies showing higher lateral-
ization in males during language tasks (Eviatar, Hellige, & Zaidel,
1997; Shaywitz et al., 1995). Using fMRI for mapping language dur-
ing a phonological task (rhyming detection), Clements et al. (2006)
showed bilateral activation of the inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's
area to the left) for females and only left for males. Our results
are also supported by neuropsychological data. Aphasia caused
by left hemisphere lesions is less frequently observed in females
than in males (Springer & Deutsch, 2000). In terms of accuracy,
males and females were equally lateralized. The left hemisphere
lateralization for phoneme detection in males but not in females
confirms results obtained by other studies. For instance, Lukatela
et al. (1986) have shown that phonological difficulty induces sup-
plementary right hemisphere involvement in females with respect
to males. The authors say that this pattern is consistent with sug-
gestions in the literature that if the right hemisphere is linguisti-
cally competent, particularly with respect to something as
difficult as phonology, then it is more likely to be so in females.
The ''extra" language capacity of the right hemisphere underlies
the traditional female verbal superiority (and spatial inferiority)
as spatial processing space has been usurped by language (Brad-
shaw, Gates, & Nettleton, 1977). Our result showing the effect of
gender on the hemispheric asymmetry during a phonological task
is in agreement with this view.
4.2. Effect of grapho-phonemic translation
As mentioned above, for some of the tested items, the grapho-
phonemic translation was regular (TT) and for others it was irreg-
ular (NTT). Since only male participants showed significant hemi-
spheric specialization for this task, we only explored the effect of
grapho-phonemic translation in males. We observed a significant
effect of grapho-phonemic translation on the degree of hemi-
spheric specialization, as observed in previous studies (Bourne,
2006; Walter et al., 2001). This effect was only observed for the
items presented in the LVF-RH, inducing faster responses for TT
than for NTT. There were no significant differences between TT
and NTT when the stimuli were presented in the RVF-LH. This re-
sult suggests that TT induces the participation of both hemi-
spheres. As grapho-phonemic translation is regular, the TT task is
performed on the basis of visual processing of the letter (graph-
eme). The visual letter identification would only involve the visual
regions and their activation is not lateralized (Cappa et al., 1998).
Indeed, a letter detection task seems to involve processes that do
not depend on a predominant hemisphere. This observation is in
line with other results provided on Arabic (Eviatar, Ibrahim, & Gan-
ayim, 2004) and Japanese (Hatta, 1977; Sasanuma, Itoh, Mori, &
Kobayashi, 1977) linguistic items. Japanese has two modalities of
writing. The ideogram code uses symbols (Kanji) and the phono-
gram code (Kana) uses ''graphemes"; the latter implies that read-
ing can be sequential. The results show that the RH is
predominantly involved in Kanji (needs holistic visual processing)
and the LH is predominantly involved in Kana reading (needs
grapheme-phoneme translation). Furthermore, a recent fMRI study
(Nakamura et al., 2005) showed left lateralized activations during
phonogram presentation,while
The type of grapho-phonemic translation, regular or irregular,
seems to modulate RH involvement. This hemisphere could be able
to perform a language task if the stimuli do not require grapho-
phonemic translation, as the TT items in our study. In this situa-
tion, the processes involved in performing the task seem to be
more visual than linguistic. Thus, the RH could be crucial to per-
form a very quick recognition process on words, based on visual-
orthographic characteristics (Halderman & Chiarello, 2005). The vi-
sual word form recognition (i.e. abstract representation of visual
word form) could be performed within the left temporo-occipital
area near the fusiform gyrus, region called visual word form area
(VWFA). However, Cohen et al. (2003) have shown that patients
with lesions of the left VWFA are still able to read letter-by-letter
and this ability would be due to the right homolog of the VWFA,
activated in these patients (Cohen et al., 2003).
In conclusion, optimal phonological processing seems to require
the participation of both hemispheres (Chiarello et al., 2004;
Tremblay et al., 2004). Whereas the left hemisphere automatically
transforms graphemes into the corresponding phonemes, the right
hemisphere uses a visual strategy and phonemes are processed like
visual objects (Smolka & Eviatar, 2006). Our results revealed that
the effect of grapho-phonemic transformation on the degree of
hemispheric dominance was significant for response time but not
for accuracy. If there is no interaction in the accuracy data, it does
not mean that the two hemispheres are equally active. The RT val-
ues were different for the two visual fields. We just do not know
how to relate this measure to the hemispheres' abilities. Accuracy
could also be a measure too imprecise for depicting effects as small
as those related to variation of the grapho-phonemic translation.
ideograms activateboth
5. Conclusion
The results of this DVF experiment show left hemisphere dom-
inance for a phoneme detection task only in male participants. The
stimuli were processed faster and more accurately when they were
presented in the RVF-LF than in the LVF-RH. In males, when stimuli
were presented in the LVF-RH, the task was performed faster for
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text: 1 Not very good.Posted: 08/02/2012This item fell apart in my hand as soon as I got it out of the bag. Back together again (which was easy enough) but was a tight fit with both memory cards I put in, then a tight fit in the usb slot... When my laptop finally registered that there was something there it still couodnt read the memory card. Might only be 3.99 but was a waste of pennies and time waiting for it to turn up, I now have ordered a different product and have to wait yet again for the delivery. Not impressed.


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Volunteer for the Houston Celtic Festival and Highland GamesHouston Highland Games AssocationSaturday, April 26, 2014 at 9:00 AM - Sunday, April 27, 2014 at 6:00 PM (CDT) |
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
The Houston Highland Games Association (HHGA) is a totally volunteer 501 (c) 3 charitable organization. We rely on our volunteers to produce our annual Houston Celtic Festival and Highland Games.
The Festival celebrates the culture and customs, both traditional and contemporary, of the Celtic Nations. Attendees will find everything from music, history and sports to Celtic arts & crafts, food and merchandise vendors.
Volunteeer opportunities include:
On site ticket sales and collection; information booth, children's arts & crafts; competition go-fers; Friday set up and Sunday tear down; VIP room attendants; Green Room attendants; exhibit attendants
As a non-profit, HHGA may issue community service letters to high school and college students who need documented service hours.
When & Where
Houston Farm & Ranch Club
1 Abercrombie
Saturday, April 26, 2014 at 9:00 AM - Sunday, April 27, 2014 at 6:00 PM (CDT)
Add to my calendar
Houston Highland Games Assocation
The Houston Highland Games Association is 501 (c) 3 not for profit organization promoting the culture, arts, and history of Scotland and the other Celtic Nations.


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Kingsbury talks memories, challenges, more
David UbbenTexas Tech coach Kliff Kingsbury sat down for a chat with ESPN.com readers earlier today, which surely included a whole lot of Red Raiders fans. You can see the full transcript here, but let's look at a few highlights: Zach in Lake Dallas, Texas,...
Blog | July 01, 2013 -
Big 12 teams built to win in 2014
David UbbenWe're wrapping our look into the future this week at ESPN.com, and colleague Travis Haney picked a team or two from every league who can perhaps expect a big season in 2014. I couldn't agree more with his selections from the Big 12: Texas Tech an...
Blog | June 21, 2013 -
Big 12 future power rankings
David UbbenWe're all about projecting the future at ESPN.com this week, looking inside the crystal ball at what the next few years will look like for the Big 12. So who will accomplish the most in the next three years? Here's how I rank the Big 12. 1. Tex...
Blog | June 21, 2013 -
Projecting the future of the Big 12
David UbbenOur colleagues at ESPN.com are taking a look at the future of college football this week, and that includes a ranking of the top 25 teams over the next three years. You'll need Insider to see the full rankings , which we won't be giving away here,...
Blog | June 19, 2013 -
Plenty of intrigue in Steele's All-Big 12 picks
David UbbenPhil Steele knows college football, and rolled out his preseason all-conference teams recently, including the Big 12. You can see the full conference picks here, but plenty of interesting selections from the college football guru. ESPN.com's teams...
Blog | June 03, 2013 -
Martin's arrest confirms Weis' concerns
David UbbenIn a May 9 interview with ESPN.com, Kansas coach Charlie Weis spent a few minutes lauding the physical attributes of incoming defensive end/linebacker Chris Martin. "We haven't had a guy that looks like an NFL outside linebacker/defensive end. We ...
Blog | May 30, 2013 -
New faces embrace leadership for KU
David UbbenDALLAS -- Charlie Weis has seen leadership. He's also seen what he refers to as "real leadership." "There's a difference," the Kansas coach told ESPN.com in a recent interview. Kansas has drawn plenty of attention this offseason for welcomin...
Blog | May 17, 2013 -
All-Big 12 Underrated Team: Defense
David UbbenEvery year, we crown an All-Big 12 team here at ESPN.com, but we also like to give some recognization to guys who don't get enough credit for just how good they really are. These are their stories. Here's our All-Underrated Offense from Wednesday....
Blog | December 27, 2012 -
All-Big 12 Underrated Team: Offense
David UbbenEvery year, we crown an All-Big 12 team here at ESPN.com, but we also like to give some recognization to guys who don't get enough credit for just how good they really are. These are their stories. QB: Nick Florence, Baylor When was the last ti...
Blog | December 26, 2012 -
Q&A: Tech coach Kliff Kingsbury, part II
David UbbenTexas Tech coach Kliff Kingsbury sat down with ESPN.com earlier this week to talk about his new gig. Earlier today, he talked about his first week on the job, the process of being hired and his relationship with Mike Leach. Here's the rest of the con...
Blog | December 20, 2012 -
Q&A: Texas Tech coach Kliff Kingsbury
David UbbenIt's been a little more than a week since Texas Tech brought in program legend Kliff Kingsbury to run its program. This week, he sat down with ESPN.com to talk about a variety of topics. ESPN.com: Can you take me through the first few days on the ...
Blog | December 20, 2012 -
ESPN.com's All-Big 12 Freshman Team
David UbbenWe ran down our All-Big 12 team yesterday, but here's my best of the bunch among freshmen. Learn these names. You'll need to in the future. Let's take a look: OFFENSE QB: J.W. Walsh, Oklahoma State RB: Johnathan Gray, Texas RB: B.J. Cat...
Blog | December 11, 2012 -
ESPN.com's 2012 All-Big 12 team
David UbbenCongrats to all these guys for turning in fantastic seasons. Naturally, there will be some snubs and some things that need to be explained. Check the blog later today for more thoughts. Without further ado, here's the All-Big 12 team from ESPN.com...
Blog | December 10, 2012 -
Hurt feelings, but Texas Tech is good job
David UbbenIt's natural for there to be hurt feelings after Texas Tech coach Tommy Tuberville's exit to Cincinnati leaves the school "completely blindsided," as a Tech official told ESPN.com on Saturday. Tuberville will be introduced later tonight as the Bea...
Blog | December 08, 2012 -
Tuberville leaving Texas Tech for Cincinnati
David UbbenTommy Tuberville is the new head coach at Cincinnati, a Texas Tech spokesperson confirmed to ESPN.com on Saturday. He will replace Butch Jones, who accepted the head coaching job at Tennessee on Friday. Texas Tech officials were "completely bli...
Blog | December 08, 2012 -
Champions Bowl headed to SEC territory
David UbbenSo much for JerryWorld. The so-called Champions Bowl will essentially just be the new Sugar Bowl and be played in the Superdome in New Orleans, La, sources told ESPN.com. From our news story: New Orleans was chosen over the Cotton Bowl in Arlin...
Blog | November 06, 2012


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"I just thought this up one morning, trying to think of something different to have for breakfast. Ham, spinach, fried eggs, pineapple-curry sauce makes a surprisingly yummy combination. Serve over toast or English muffins if you like."
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Pastry shells filled with eggs, bacon, and cheese and baked to bubbly.


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Just flash in recovery and reboot. If you reboot and do not recieve a signal do not panic. Just wait 2-3 minutes after you boot and then reboot a 2nd time. Wait 2-3 minutes. You should have signal again after a 2nd reboot
ML1 Modem: https://app.box.com/s/ce5hw86hl0uz4783no73
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---------- Post added at 06:52 AM ---------- Previous post was at 06:01 AM ----------
But I uploaded the ML1 radio by itself in my post above this one. Just flash in recovery and you are good to go. Remember you can flash just the radio when on ANY Android version. What you do not what to do is flash 4.3 FIRMWARE on a 4.4 custom ROM or anything that's not based on the 4.3 Stock ROM. You will brick.
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Last edited by Sandman-007; 19th June 2014 at 01:00 PM.