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Outdoor Living
Char-broil Electric Vertical Smoker-11201677
$129.99Product Description
- 1,500 watt heating element with three temperature settings
- Three adjustable, oven-style, chrome-plated grates provide 504 sq. inch total cooking surface area
- Porcelain-coated wood chip and water pan
- Porcelain-coated ash pan
- Chrome-plated handle
- Temperature gauge
Learn More -
S&D John Deere 8' Windmill 99902
$119.97This windmill stands 8' tall and would be a terrific asset to any front yard.. The blades on the windmill spin when the wind blows and it turns to the direction of the wind as well, making it decorative and functional.
- Assembly required
S & D International Harvester Park Bench 77723
$129.97Product Features- Made with cast iron legs and wooden slats with cast iron insert in back!
- Assembly Required
Lifetime 6 Foot Folding Outdoor Picnic Table (Brown) 60110
$129.99Product Description
The Lifetime 6' Picnic Table gives you that perfect extra outdoor eating space you've always wanted. Constructed of UV-protected high-density polyethylene and powder-coated steel, our picnic tables are weather and rust resistant, and will not fade, crack, chip or peel. Stronger and more durable than wood, they are low-maintenance, stain resistant and easy to clean. Best of all, Lifetime picnic tables fold completely flat for convenient storage.
Product Features- Table top/frame color: brown/bronze
- Frame material: powder-coated steel tubing
- Table top material: UV-protected double-wall, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
- Seats 8 comfortably
- Superior strength and durability
- Folds flat for storage
- Stain resistant and easy to clean
- Includes umbrella hole and cap
- Attractive wood grain design
- Will not crack, chip, rust, or peel
- Steel frame with all-weather finish
Product Specification/Dimensions
- Table Top Thickness: 55 mm
- Frame Tubing Diameter: 42 mm
- Bench dimensions: 19" H x 9" W x 72" D
- Overall dimensions (Open): 29" ;H x 30" W x 72" D
- Overall dimensions(Folded): 4" H x 57" W x 72" D
- Weight: 76 lbs
ShelterLogic Firewood Seasoning Shed - 5ft.L x 3 1/2ft.W x 5ft.H 90395
$125.97Innovative patent-pending ShelterLogic Firewood Seasoning Shed is designed to create burnable wood fast — twice as fast as open air drying. Seasons wood for indoor fireplaces, outdoor fire pits, chimineas, outdoor wood boilers and more.
A heavy-duty steel frame with ShelterLock stabilizers provides a strong, stable building. The translucent polyethylene ripstop fabric cover allows light in and retains heat to dry wood faster. The floor vapor barrier keeps excess ground moisture out and cross ventilation aids the drying process. This shed is sized to hold up to 1/2 cord of wood.
- Shed features zippered front door panels for easy stacking and access to wood
- Screened vents allow for increased airflow
- Cross ventilation wicks away moisture to assist the drying process
- Easy Slide cross rail system and Ratchet Tite tensioning provide solid cover anchoring to the frame
- Drying times are dependent on geography and seasons
- Shed includes ratchet tie-downs, auger anchors, bungee cords and instructions
- Creates dry, seasoned firewood 2X faster than open air drying
- Heavy-duty 34mm steel frame has Dupont premium powder-coat finish that resists chipping, peeling, rust and corrosion
- ShelterLock stabilizers strengthen and stabilize frame
- Translucent triple-layer 5.5-oz. polyethylene ripstop fabric cover allows light in and retains heat to dry wood faster
- Cover has heat-bonded seams and is 100% waterproof
- Cover is UV treated with added fade blockers, anti-aging and anti-fungal agents for long life
- Floor vapor barrier keeps out excess ground moisture
S&D International Harvester 8' Windmill 99907
$119.97Features:- Heavy duty construction
- Wheel turns for wind speed and direction
- Includes ground stakes
- 22"-diameter blade
- Base is 26" wide
- Red-powder coated
Camp Chef Explorer 2 Burner Propane Stove EX-60
$119.99Whether you are camping, scouting, hunting, or preparing for a disaster you can rely on Camp Chef's Explorer Camp Stove! This camp stove includes two 30,000 BTU cast aluminum burners that resist rust, while reducing the weight of this portable camp stove. Another great feature this stove offers is the windscreens that help protect the flames from wind and reflect any radiant heat back to the cooking surface making the stove more energy efficient! With the stove you have legs that can be removed for storage or adjusted to for a level cooking surface even on uneven surfaces. With the Camp Chef Explorer Stove, you will have a reliable cooking stove anywhere!
Learn More -
A-Frame Log Wooden Swing
$129.98- Contoured seat slats for maximum comfort
- Heavy duty construction and durability hardware for added stability
- Easy to assemble with common tools
Outdoor Textline Rocking Glider Tete-a-Tete KFTX-0064D
$119.98- Size: 36.6" D * 77" L * 34.8" H
- Fabric : 2X1 mixed brown textiline.
- Frame powder coating: Coffee brown.
Chargriller Super Pro Deluxe Grill & Smoker 2222
- 830 square inch main grill area
- Cast iron cooking grates for even heating
- Large round legs for sturdy support
- Easily add coals without removing the entire grate
- Adjustable grate height for temperature control
- Heat gauge
- Easy cleanup with the easy dump ash pan
- Keep your food warm with the added warming rack
- Side fire box for that Texas Smoke Flavor (optional)
- Heavy steel construction provides years of durability
- Powder coat finish for long lasting color
- Heat diffuser
- Rotisserie (optional)


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Body found in Massapequa
Nassau police are investigating the discovery of a body found in the bushes outside a home on Ocean Avenue. Videojournalist: Jim Staubitser (Feb. 14, 2013)
advertisement | advertise on newsday
Northport 57, Bay Shore 42
Woman struck by pickup truck in Copiague
Angie Carpenter named Islip Town supervisor
MTA plans open house for Ronkonkoma rail yard
3-D sculptures celebrate artist's family
Snowstorm dig-out continues amid briefly clear skies
The North Fork digs out
Local penguins enjoy the snowstorm
Snow tops out at 30 inches as storm leaves LI
How much snow did we get?
A shoveling, sledding snow day
LI digs out from the storm

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Europe > Products & Services > Personal Care Division > News
3M employees are a committed team, 89,500 strong, poised to help create a more sustainable future. We in 3M Personal Care do this by collaborating on sustainability-related projects with our customers and suppliers, utilizing 3M technology and innovation to deliver market-leading solutions, and, most importantly, joining together with a shared purpose.
3M Personal Care Division celebrates 3M sustainability week by highlighting progress and key accomplishments of sustainability goals.
Please download our 3M Personal Care Sustainability Summary (pdf 1,318 Kb)
Please contact us to discuss any requirements you may have.
Back to News


text:
Dr. Kristina P. Hursey, MD
Internal Medicine, Peterson & Plante Internal Medicine Associates
- 21 Gateway Corners Park Ste 101
Columbia, SC 29203 - 1 Office Location
- (803) 865-2122
Dr. Kristina P. Hursey graduated from the Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine in 2002. She works in Columbia, SC and specializes in Internal Medicine. Dr. Hursey is affiliated with Lexington Medical Center.
Gender: Female
Years in Practice: 13 Years
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine
Graduation Date: 2002
Hospital Affiliations: Lexington Medical Center
Specialties: Internal Medicine


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18th January 2015My own audiobook production for ACX, which I have also narrated, of The historical novel Loyalty, by Matthew Lewis, is now uploaded to Audible.
Love PC Games? Love the music? Then, for your diary..
The World Tour of the rePlay 'Symphony of Heroes' event is finally coming to The Barbican Theatre, London, on 17th February 2015. I am the narrator, for this evening of great computer game music played by a live orchestra and chorus.
Recent work:
Played Graham Findlay in The New Horizons episode of series 4 of Counter Measures. For Big Finish Productions
At the RNIB studios in Camden Town...Narrated all the 'Karl The Touch Typist' chapters, set in Australia, in 'Lost and Found' for Random House/Penguin Audio books.
Another one from the Jack Higgins stable...Rain on the Dead. Recorded at White House Sound.Reprieved my roles as The Archmage, and the Zombie, Gulliver in Part Two of the PC Game:The Book of Unwritten Stories
Narrated: Churchill's Secret Warriors by Damien Lewis.Narrated: The World's War by David Olusoga
Sneaked in a very erudite (long words) Medical read for Croft TV
Another for the Audible site...The Advertising Effect....a book that takes the psychological lid off the advertising world by Australian Ad-Guru Adam Farrar. An interesting read.
Guesting in Blake's 7!...I played mystery man Kramer in the last episode of the latest series for Big Finish. Great to meet and work with Paul Darrow, Stephen Pacey and Michael Keating amongst others, and with guest Beverley Hills. A real walk down nostalgia lane for me...all joyfully directed by lovely Lisa Bowerman.I made a return to the OMUK studio to record more of my roles as The Arch-Mage, Markus and Skull in The Book of Unwritten Tales Part 2...good game-playing fun.
Wow...I have now completed the fourth in Mike Shevdon's Mystic-Gritty 'The Eighth Court...Vol IV The Kingdom of the Fayre.High-speed narration of an action-packed thriller, (exhausting and exhilarating, a bit like reading a Bruce Willis action movie!) The Valhalla Prophecy, for Oakhill Audio.
Great fun playing another dubious villain in VIENNA with Chase Masterson for Big Finish Prods
I really enjoyed narrating the brilliant RESEARCH, the new thriller by Philip Kerr.
Nice to work with Peter Davison, as The Doctor, playing Pik Solus, in Mistfall, for Big Finish Dr Who Audio.
Finally got a chance to play Jack The Ripper! In The Devil's Workshop: The 3rd in The
Inspector Day Victorian Police thriller and pretty gruesome read by Alex Grecian. Recorded at whiteHouse Sound
Austin Stevens-Snakemaster....his auto-biography, recently recorded at Electric Breeze Audio in Oxford. ( I learned a lot about snakes!)
To the new Soundhouse studios to record The Spy Who Changed The World by Mike Rossiter, for Strathmore Audio.
A variety of Characters both English and American in Big Finish Audio Download..Night of the Triffids
A fast moving Jack Higgins Thriller - Death Trade for Whitehouse Studios
Followed immediately by the gritty cop thriller - Angel of Death by Ben Cheetham, set in the North East of England.
Two more works by Sir Max Hastings, recorded at Rushforth's Archway studios:
Das Reich
I have now finished RED WINTER by Dan Smith a Brooding Russian Revolution quest novel...for Oakhill Audio at their Manchester Studio. Serious stuff.
Recorded MOON BEAR by Gill Lewis for Oakhill Audio at the Chiswick Studio. Moon Bear is a charming, though sometimes harrowing young people's story, set in Laos.
Narrated: 'SIXTY ONE NAILS' by Mike Shevdon, Book 1 from 'The Courts of The Feyre' trilogy. Followed it up with 'THE ROAD TO BEDLAM' (Book 2),
Then...'STRANGENESS AND CHARM' (Book 3)
All recorded at at Chatterbox Studios, Box, Wiltshire.
2013 Archive
In December 2013, I completed narrating thirteen of the thirty-four book canon in the
'John Coffin' Detective novels, by Gwendoline Butler, for Rushforth Audio. Go to: Audible.com: And follow the progress of John Coffin, as he progresses from from humble PC on the beat, to The Commander of The Second City Police Force, in these Great crime stories...set in Greenwich and Docklands, London, from the late 1940's to the late 1990's.
Recorded The 'Black Country' by Alex Grecian at White House Sound Studios
Played Pallaine and Bourg (One for The Mortuary) and Steeds Boss (Please Don't feed The Animals) in two newly recorded 'The Lost' AVENGERS episodes, from Big Finish Productions. Volume 1 out January 2014. Volume 2 out July
2014 Radio
Episode 3 of 'Fry's English Delight'...recorded a comic sketch with Nina Wadia, for BBC Radio4. Broadcast 9th September.
Narrated 'CATASTROPHE: Europe Goes To War 1914' by Sir Max Hastings parts 1 & 2
and..the controversial 18th Century Gothic novel by Matthew Lewis: THE MONK.
Early 2013
Nominated for a BAFTA, AS Performer in 'DEAR ESTHER', at the British Academy Game Awards, March 5th 2013.
Audio Teaser
Audiobook Mix
ipdtl link available


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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
Posted January 4, 2013
This is a fun puzzle for little ones. I got this for my 3-year old granddaughter, and she's completed it several times already. The pieces are well-cut and the color is brilliant. Every little girls likes a princess, so what's not to love? This is a well-made puzzle that will last for many years. It can be passed down to younger ones or donated to a play group in the future. Great educational toy.
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.Anonymous
Posted December 28, 2012
No text was provided for this review.


text: You have searched the English word "Carriageway" meaning in Urdu "راستہ یا سڑک خصوصاً موٹر گاڑیوں کے لیے" Rasta Ya Sarak Khasosan Motor Car K Liye. Carriageway meaning has been search 2885 (two thousand eight hundred and eighty-five) times till 1/28/2015. You can also find Carriageway meaning and Translation in Urdu, Arabic, Hindi, Spanish, French and other languages.


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Flowmaster 70 Series Big Block II Mufflers
- $144.99 - $149.48
- 1-Year Lower-Price Guarantee
- Free Shipping
- Ships By 1/26
Please answer the following questions before adding to cart to help us provide you with customized for your specific vehicle.
- The Flowmaster 70 Series Big Block II Muffler is specially-made for big trucks, SUVs, RVs and any other towing vehicle
- Accommodates maximum exhaust volume for handling huge engines at maximum load
- Provides outstanding boosts to power and torque to towing excellence
- Adds a throaty mild exhaust tone to your vehicle without overpowering volume
- Utilizes Flowmaster's exclusive Delta Flow technology for superior scavenging and minimal interior resonance
- Crafted from aluminized steel for corrosion resistance and precision mig welded for maximum durability
- Casing embossed with the Flowmaster name
- Fits vehicles that do not match the 50 Series Big Block Muffler
- Your Flowmaster 70 Series Big Block II Muffler carries a 3-year warranty
Maximum flow volume, maximum efficiency, maximum power. The Flowmaster 70 Series Big Block II Muffler does it all for your big, bad truck, SUV, RV or other towing vehicle. With its massive chamber, the Flowmaster 70 Series handles the output of huge working engines at their highest load, boosting torque right when you need it.
The Flowmaster 70 Series Muffler also uses exclusive Delta Flow technology for the least possible interior resonance, thanks to precision deflectors in the chamber. These exact parts also aide exhaust gas scavenging for scraping together the most power and torque possible.
The 70 Series Big Block II Muffler boasts the quality construction you'd expect from Flowmaster. Each Flowmaster Muffler is built with 16-gauge aluminized steel for corrosion resistance and fully mig-welded for maximum durability. Best yet, your Flowmaster 70 Series Big Block II Muffler boasts a 3-year warranty.
- Flowmaster 70 Series Big Block II Mufflers come in a variety of inlet/outlet configurations and sizes, shown above. Select the inlet/outlet diameter you need from the drop down at right.
Flowmaster 70 Series Big Block II Mufflers Customer Reviews
35 Customer Reviews
Sort Reviews By:
Truck guy
flowmaster 70
Sounds great
Reviewed by Dennis M (TELFORD, PA) Reviewed for a 2006 Nissan Titan — Aug 29, 2014 11:23 AM
Had a Banks Monster Exhaust on the truck. Excellent exhaust system but too loud when pulling travel trailer. Was able to use existing Banks pipes with this Flowmaster muffler. Toned down quite a bit but still sounds great. Gas mileage improved from 13 mpg average to 14.5 mpg average. Probably due to increase in back pressure. Hammering sound with Banks muffler is gone. Runs much smoother.
Not an easy install for the DIYer
Reviewed by Aaron H (MURPHY, TX) Reviewed for a 2014 Ford F-150 — Aug 23, 2014 5:41 AM
Despite what the description and the Auto Anything chat will tell you, there are modifications that need to be done at a shop in order to install this muffler on a 2014 F-150.
Great Mufflers
Reviewed by Nicole L (Ramah, CO) Reviewed for a 2002 Chevy Silverado — Aug 16, 2014 8:37 AM
We had to get these for our big truck cause we just got a 5th wheel and the 50 series were too loud on the truck. We think these are much quieter.


text:
US 20010055615 A1 Abstract This invention relates generally to two-part polymer compositions that rapidly form covalent linkages when mixed together. Such compositions are particularly well suited for use in a variety of tissue related applications when rapid adhesion to the tissue and gel formation is desired. In particular, they are useful as tissue sealants, in promoting hemostasis, for drug delivery, in effecting tissue adhesion, in providing tissue augmentation, and in the prevention of surgical adhesions.
Claims(20) 1. A biocompatible two-component gel-forming composition for in vivo administration, comprising:
a first component comprising at least one sulfhydryl group-containing compound given by the formula Compound1-(SH)m, wherein m≧2; and a second component comprising at least one sulfhydryl reactive group-containing compound given by the formula Compound2-Yn, wherein Y is a sulfhydryl reactive group and wherein n≧2; wherein at least one of the first or second components is a polyalkylene oxide and wherein the sulfhydryl groups and the sulfhydryl reactive groups react with one another to form covalent bonds therebetween when said components are mixed together to form a gel in less than one minute. 2. The composition of
claim 1 3. The composition of
claim 1 4. The composition of
claim 1 5. The composition of
claim 1 6. The composition of
claim 1 7. The composition of
claim 6 8. The composition of
claim 1 9. The composition of
claim 8 10. The composition of
claim 1 11. The composition of
claim 1 12. The composition of
claim 1 13. The composition of
claim 1 14. The composition of
claim 1 15. The composition of
claim 1 16. The composition of
claim 2 17. A method for treating tissues, comprising the steps of:
administering to a tissue site a first component comprising at least one sulfhydryl group-containing compound given by the formula Compound1-(SH)m, wherein m≧2; and simultaneously or subsequently administering to the tissue site a second component comprising at least one sulfhydryl reactive group-containing compound given by the formula Compound2-Yn, wherein Y is a sulfhydryl reactive group and wherein n≧2, and wherein at least one of the first or second components is a polyalkylene oxide; and allowing the sulfhydryl groups and the sulfhydryl reactive groups to react with one another to form covalent bonds therebetween to form a gel in less than one minute. 18. A biocompatible two-component gel-forming composition for in vivo administration with a gel time of less than one minute, comprising:
polyalkylene oxide-(SH)4 in a liquid medium having an acidic pH; and polyalkylene oxide-Y4, wherein Y is succinimidyl, in a buffer having a pH of between 8 and 10.5. 19. A biocompatible two-component gel-forming composition for in vivo administration with a gel time of less than one minute, comprising:
polyalkylene oxide-(SH)12; and polyalkylene oxide-Y12, wherein Y is a succinimidyl or maleimidyl group. 20. A biocompatible two-component gel-forming composition for in vivo administration, comprising:
a first component comprising at least one sulfhydryl group-containing polyalkylene oxide given by the formula Core-(SH)m, wherein m≧2, in a buffer solution with an acidic pH; and a buffer solution with an alkaline pH; wherein the sulfhydryl groups react with one another to form covalent bonds therebetween when said components are mixed together to form a gel in less than one minute. Description [0001] This invention relates generally to two-part polymer compositions that rapidly form covalent linkages when mixed together. Such compositions are particularly well suited for use in a variety of tissue related applications when rapid adhesion to the tissue and gel formation is desired. In particular, they are useful as tissue sealants, in promoting hemostasis, for drug delivery, in effecting tissue adhesion, in providing tissue augmentation, and in the prevention of surgical adhesions. [0002] The use of polymer compositions in tissue engineering is now widely recognized, particularly those consisting of synthetic polymers. In contrast to many naturally derived compositions, synthetic polymer compositions can be formulated to exhibit predetermined physical characteristics such as gel strength, as well as biological characteristics such as degradability. [0003] In a variety of tissue engineering applications, it is desirable to use compositions that can be administered as liquids, but subsequently form hydrogels at the site of administration. Such in situ hydrogel forming compositions are more convenient to use since they can be administered as liquids from a variety of different devices, and are more adaptable for administration to any site, since they are not preformed. Many different mechanisms have been described that can be used to promote hydrogel formation in situ. For example, photoactivatable mixtures of water-soluble co-polyester prepolymers and polyethylene glycol have been described to create hydrogel barriers, as well as drug release matrices. In another approach, block copolymers of Pluronic and Poloxamer have been designed that are soluble in cold water, but form insoluble hydrogels that adhere to tissues at body temperature (Leach, et al., Am. J Obstet. Gynecol. 162:1317-1319 (1990)). Polymerizable cyanoacrylates have also been described for use as tissue adhesives (Ellis, et al., J. Otolaryngol. 19:68-72 (1990)). In yet another approach, two-part synthetic polymer compositions have been described that, when mixed together, form covalent bonds with one another, as well as with exposed tissue surfaces. (PCT WO 97/22371, which corresponds to U.S. application Ser. No. 08/769,806.) In a similar approach involving a two-part composition, a mixture of protein and a bifunctional crosslinking agent has been described for use as a tissue adhesive (U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,114.) One difficulty encountered when designing in situ hydrogel forming compositions is that optimizing the composition to enhance gel formation may worsen tissue inflammation at the site of administration. A possible explanation for this effect is that highly reactive composition components that are capable of rapid gel formation may adversely affect tissue surfaces. [0004] The compositions of the present invention have been formulated to provide for rapid gelation, and also cause less tissue inflammation at the site of administration than previously described compositions. [0005] The present invention discloses generally two-component polymer compositions that, when mixed together, rapidly react to form a matrix at the site of administration. Such compositions exhibit gel times of less than one minute. In one aspect of the present invention, one of the components is a sulfhydryl-containing compound. In another aspect of the present invention, both components contain multiple functional groups, and at least one of the compounds contains three or more functional groups. This ensures sufficient reactivity for formation of a three-dimensional polymer matrix. Preferably, both compounds contain four or more functional groups. For extremely fast reacting compositions, both compounds contain 12 functional groups. [0006] In one aspect of the present invention, at least one and preferably both of the compounds are polymers. The non-reactive portion of the polymeric compound is referred to as its �core�. Suitable polymer cores are synthetic polymers, polyamino acids, and polysaccharides. In a preferred embodiment, the core is a polyalkylene oxide, and more preferably it is polyethylene glycol. [0007] The molecular weight of the compounds can vary depending on the desired application. In most instances, the molecular weight is about 100 to 100,000 mol. wt., and more preferably about 1,000 to about 20,000 mol. wt. When the core material is polyethylene glycol, the molecular weight of the compound(s) is/are about 7,500 to about 20,000 mol. wt., and most preferaby they are about 10,000 mol. wt. [0008] When only one of the compounds is a polymer, the other is a multifunctionally activated small organic molecule. Suitable small organic molecules include functionally activated succinimidyl and maleimidyl compounds. [0009] The linkage group formed by reacting the two compounds of the present invention together is a covalent bond formed between the sulfur atom in the sulfhydryl group of one compound with, e.g., the carbon or sulfur atom in the sulfhydryl-reactive group of the other compound. The linkage may be a thioester, thioether or a disulfide, although a thioester linkage is preferred. [0010] In another aspect of the present invention, the compounds further comprise chain extenders between the polymer core and the functional groups. Such chain extenders can activate or suppress reactivity of the functional groups, and can also be used to provide sites for hydrolysis or degradation. Suitable chain extenders include poly(amino acids), poly(lactones), poly(anhydrides), poly(orthoesters), poly(orthocarbonates), poly(phosphoesters), and enzymatically cleavable peptide groups. [0011] The compositions of the present invention form gels with gel times of less than 1 minute, and more preferably less than 30 seconds, and most preferably less than 15 seconds. The strength (i.e., elastic modulus or G′) of the resultant gels depends on the application for which the composition is adapted, but is preferably between about 102 to 104 dynes/cm2 for a soft gel, or between about 105 to 108 for a harder gel. [0012] In addition to the two reactive components of the compositions of the present invention, optional materials can also be included, such as glycosaminoglycans, proteins such as collagen, drugs, cells, hemostatic agents, genes, DNA, therapeutic agents, antibiotics, growth factors, and the like. [0013] The compositions of the present invention are applied in liquid or solid form to the site of administration. It is also possible to supply them premixed but inactive, and then activate them at the site of administration. [0014] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of treating tissues for the purpose of sealing tissues, preventing adhesions, providing a platform for delivery of biologically active agents, or augmenting tissues, comprising mixing together the two components as described herein at the site of administration to produce the desired medical affect. [0015]FIG. 1 depicts the structure of various sulfhydryl-reactive groups, with �R� representing the chemical structure to which the reactive group is attached. [0016]FIG. 2 depicts the structure of a low molecular weight multi-functional reactive compound. [0017]FIG. 3 depicts the rheometric measurements of gelation of a mixture of reactive tetrafunctional polyethylene glycols. [0018]FIG. 4a depicts a �12-arm� sulfhydryl reactive PEG compound as described in Example 13. [0019]FIG. 4b depicts a �12-arm� succinimidyl reactive PEG compound as described in Example 13. [0020]FIG. 5 depicts the formation of two �12-arm� peg compounds from �4-arm� intermediates as described in Example 13. [0021] The present invention relates to two-part polymer compositions that form a matrix when mixed together at the site of administration. Each component of the composition is generally administered separately to the tissue site. Then, within a very short time after being mixed together at the site of administration, the composition forms a gel with sufficient adhesive and cohesive strength to become anchored in place. [0022] Definitions [0023] The following definitions are provided to further describe various aspects of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. [0024] The term �gel� refers to the state of matter between liquid and solid. As such, a �gel� has some of the properties of a liquid (i.e., the shape is resilient and deformable) and some of the properties of a solid (i.e., the shape is discrete enough to maintain three dimensions on a two dimensional surface.) Accordingly, �gelation time�, also referred to herein as �gel time�, refers to the time it takes for a composition to become non-flowable under modest stress. This is generally exhibited as achieving a gel strength, G′, of greater than or equal to 102 dynes/cm2 in less than 1 minute. [0025] The term �cohesive strength� refers to the ability of the compositions of the present invention to remain intact, i.e., not rupture, tear or crack, when subjected to physical stresses or environmental conditions. Cohesive strength is sometimes measured as a function of �burst strength�. [0026] The term �adhesive strength� refers to the ability of the compositions of the present invention to be able to remain attached to the tissues at the site of administration when subjected to physical stresses or environmental conditions. [0027] The term �polymer� refers to a molecule consisting of individual chemical moieties, which may be the same or different, but are preferably the same, that are joined together. As used herein, the term �polymer� refers to individual chemical moieties that are joined end-to-end to form a linear molecule, as well as individual chemical moieties joined together in the form of a branched (e.g. a �multi-arm� or �star-shaped�) structure. [0028] The term �biocompatible� refers to the ability of the compositions of the present invention to be applied to tissues without eliciting significant inflammation and fibrosis or other adverse tissue responses. [0029] The term �synthetic polymer� refers to polymers that are not naturally occurring and that are produced by chemical or recombinant synthesis. As such, naturally occurring proteins such as collagen and naturally occurring polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid are specifically excluded. Proteins such as synthetic collagen, and carbohydrates such as synthetic hyaluronic acid, and their derivatives, are included. [0030] The term �activated synthetic polymers� refers to synthetic polymers that have or have been chemically modified to have at least one functional group (e.g., a sulfhydryl group) that is capable of reacting with a corresponding reaction partner (e.g., a sulfhydryl-reactive group) to form a covalent bond. The term �multifunctionally activated� refers to synthetic polymers having two or more nucleophilic or electrophilic groups. Types of multifunctionally activated synthetic polymers include di-functionally activated, tri-functionally activated, tetra-functionally activated, and star-shaped activated polymers (that have four or more functional groups). [0031] Composition Components [0032] The two-part compositions of the present invention comprise two different compounds, each within a separate part of the composition and at least one of which is a polymer, that react with one another to form a covalently crosslinked gel matrix. As such, they can easily be administered separately, and rapidly form gels at the site of administration. [0033] In the compositions of the present invention, each component is present in one of the two separate parts, or �components�, of the composition, along with other optional ingredients as described elsewhere herein. The two reactive compounds and the gel matrix that forms when they are mixed together can be represented by Formula I as follows: Compound1-(SH)m+Compound2-Yn→Compound1-Z-Compound2 (I) [0034] Compound1 has multiple (m≧2) sulfhydryl groups (SH) that react with Compound2, which has multiple (n≧2) sulfhydryl-reactive groups (Y). It should be understood that sulfhydryl groups are also �sulfhydryl reactive groups�, since it is well known that sulfhydryl groups will react with one another under certain conditions. When mixed together, the two compounds become interconnected via a covalent bond (Z). As depicted in FIG. 1 for illustration purposes only, there is only one bond formed between Compound1 and Compound2. However, when m+n≧5, and appropriate ratios of the two components are utilized as described elsewhere herein, the two compounds form multiple attachments to one another resulting in a three-dimensional polymer matrix. Preferably, both compounds contain four or more functional groups, since such multifunctionality results in a gel matrix with greater overall cohesive strength. In a particularly preferred embodiment, each of the compounds is tetrafunctionally activated. [0035] In another preferred embodiment, the compounds each have 12 functional groups. Such compounds are formed from reacting a first tetrafunctionally activated polymer with a second tetrafunctionally activated polymer, wherein the functional groups of each of the two compounds are a reaction pair, and react together to form �12-arm� functionally activated polymers. An example of such a �12-arm� compound is dodeca-sulfhydryl-PEG, 50,000 mol. wt., which is constructed from a core tetra-functional succinimide ester PEG coupled to four (exterior) tetra-functional sulfhydryl-PEG molecules. Such polymers range in size from over 10,000 mol. wt. to greater than 100,000 mol. wt. depending on the molecular weight of the tetra-functionally activated polymer starting materials. [0036] Other types of multifunctional polymers can easily be synthesized using routine synthesis. However, care should be taken to produce multi-arm products with consistent arm lengths to avoid stearic hindrance of the reactive groups. Accordingly, activated polymers that are suitable for use in the present invention may have a variety of geometric shapes and configurations. [0037] Compound Core [0038] As described above, each of the compounds has multiple functional groups, either sulfhydryl groups or sulfhydryl-reactive groups. The non-reactive remainder of the compound is considered to be its �core�. At least one of the two compounds must have a polymer core in order to form an efficient gel matrix. When one of the compounds contains a polymer core, the other compound can be a small organic molecule with multiple sulfhydryl-reactive groups. However, for most applications, it is preferred for both compounds to have the same or a different polymer core. [0039] The polymer core may be a synthetic polyamino acid, a polysaccharide, or a synthetic polymer. A preferred polymer core material is a synthetic hydrophilic polymer. Suitable synthetic hydrophilic polymers include, inter alia, polyalkylene oxide, such as polyethylene oxide ((CH2CH2O)n), polypropylene oxide ((CH(CH3)CH2O)n) or a polyethylene/polypropylene oxide mixture ((CH2CH2O)n�(CH(CH3)CH2O)n). A particularly preferred synthetic hydrophilic polymer is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) having a molecular weight within the range of about 100 to about 100,000 mol. wt., more preferably about 1,000 to about 20,000 mol. wt. More preferably still, when the polymer core is polyethylene glycol, it generally has a molecular weight within the range of about 7,500 to about 20,000 mol. wt. Most preferably, the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of approximately 10,000 mol. wt. [0040] Multifunctionally activated polyalkylene oxides, such as polyethylene glycol, are commercially available, and are also easily prepared using known methods. For example, see Chapter 22 of Poly(ethylene Glycol)Chemistry: Biotechnical and Biomedical Applications, J. Milton Harris, ed., Plenum Press, NY (1992); and Shearwater Polymers, Inc. Catalog, Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives, Huntsville, Ala. (1997-1998). For use as a tissue sealant, the preferred combination of activated polymers is as follows: the sulfhydry-reactive group-containing compound is the tetrafunctional PEG, pentaerythritol poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetra-succinimidyl glutarate (10,000 mol. wt.); and the sulfhydryl group-containing compound is the tetrafunctional PEG, pentaerythritol poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetra-sulfhydryl (10,000 mol. wt.). In both cases, these �four-arm� PEGs are formed by ethoxylation of pentaerythritol, where each of the four chains is approximately 2,500 mol. wt., and then derivatized to introduce the functional groups onto each of the four arms. Also preferred are analogous poly(ethylene glycol)-like compounds polymerized from di-glycerol instead of pentaerythritol. [0041] When only one of the reactive compounds comprises a polymer core, the other reactive compound is a multifunctionally active small organic molecule. Such compounds include the di-functional di-succinimidyl esters and di-maleimidyl compounds, as well as other well known commercially available compounds (Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill.). In addition, one of skill in the art could easily synthesize a low molecular weight multi-functional reactive compound using routine organic chemistry techniques. On such compound is shown in FIG. 2, which is a penta-erythritol coupled to four glutarates, with each arm capped with N-hydroxy-succinimidyl esters (NHS). Analogous compounds can be synthesized from inositol (radiating 6 arm), lactitol (9 arm) or sorbitol (linear 6-arm). The end-capped reactive group can just as easily be sulfhydryl, maleimidyl, vinyl-sulfone, etc., instead of NHS. The polymer or the small molecule can carry either reactive end group as long as there are reactive pairs in the composition such as NHS and SH, maleimidyl and SH, etc. [0042] Reactive Groups and Matrix Linkages In the present invention, the linkage, Z, comprises a covalent bond between the sulfur atom in the sulfhydryl group-containing compound and, e.g., the carbon or sulfur atom in the sulfhydryl-reactive group-containing compound. Accordingly, the linkage may be a thioester, a thioether, a disulfide, or the like. A wide variety of sulfhydryl-reactive groups and the types of linkages they form when reacted with sulfhydryl groups are well known in the scientific literature. For example, see Bodanszky, M., Principles of Peptide Synthesis, 2nd ed., pages 21 to 37, Springer-Verlog, Berlin (1993); and Lundbland, R. L., Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification, 2nd ed., Chapter 6, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. (1991). [0043] For most applications, sulfhydryl reactive groups that react with sulfhydryl groups to form thioester linkages are preferred. Such compounds are depicted in FIG. 1 and include, inter alia, the following compounds, with the numbers in parentheses corresponding to the structures shown in FIG. 1: mixed anhydrides, such as PEG-glutaryl-acetyl-anhydride (1), PEG-glutaryl-isovaleryl-anhydride (2), PEG-glutaryl-pivalyl-anhydride (3) and related compounds as presented in Bodanszky, p. 23; Ester derivatives of phosphorus, such as structures (4) and (5); ester derivatives of p-nitrophenol (6) of p-nitrothiophenol (7), of pentafluorophenol (8), of structure (9) and related active esters as presented by Bodanszky, pp. 31-32, and Table 2; esters of substituted hydroxylamines, such as those of N-hydroxy-phthalimide (10), N-hydroxy-succinimide (11), and N-hydroxy-glutarimide (12), as well as related structures in Bodanszky; Table 3; esters of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (13), 3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-benzotriazine-4-one (14) and 3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-quinazoline-4-one; derivatives of carbonylimidazole; and isocyanates. With these compounds, auxiliary reagents can also be used to facilitate bond formation, such as 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide can be used to facilitate coupling of carboxyl groups (i.e., glutarate and succinate) with sulfhydryl groups. [0044] In addition to the sulfhydryl reactive compounds that form thioester linkages, various other compounds can be utilized that form other types of linkages. For example, compounds that contain methyl imidate derivatives form imido-thioester linkages with sulfhydryl groups. Alternatively, sulfhydryl reactive groups can be employed that form disulfide bonds with sulfhydryl groups, such as ortho pyridyl disulfide, 3-nitro-2-pyridenesulfenyl, 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid, 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), derivatives of methane-thiosulfate, and 2,4-dinitrophenyl cysteinyl disulfides. In such instances, auxiliary reagents, such as the hydrogen peroxide or di-tert-butyl ester of azodicarboxylic acid, can be used to facilitiate disulfide bond formation. [0045] Yet another class of sulfhydryl reactive groups form thioether bonds with sulfhydryl groups. Such groups include, inter alia, iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide and other maleimides, including dextran maleimides, mono-bromo-bimane and related compounds, vinylsulfones, epoxides, derivatives of O-methyl-isourea, ethyleneimines, aziridines, and 4-(aminosulfonyl-)7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. [0046] Chain Extenders [0047] Functional groups may be directly attached to the compound core, or they may be indirectly attached through a chain extender. Such chain extenders are well known in the art. See, for example, PCT WO 97/22371, which describes �linking groups� that would be suitable for use as chain extenders in the compositions of the present invention. Chain extenders are useful to avoid stearic hindrance problems that are sometimes associated with the formation of direct linkages between molecules. Alternatively, chain extenders may be used to link several multifunctionally activated compounds together to make larger molecules. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the chain extender can also be used to alter the degradative properties of the compositions after administration and resultant gel formation. For example, chain extenders can be incorporated into one or both of the multifunctionally activated polymers to promote hydrolysis, to discourage hydrolysis, or to provide a site for enzymatic degradation. Chain extenders can also activate or suppress activity of sulfhydryl and sulfhydryl-reactive groups. For example, electron-withdrawing groups within one or two carbons of the sulfhydryl group would be expected to diminish its effectiveness in coupling, due to a lowering of nucleophilicity. Double-bond carbon and carbonyl carbon would be anticipated to have this effect. Bulky nearby groups for either partner are anticipated to diminish coupling rates, due to steric hindrance. Electron-withdrawing groups adjacent to the reactive carbonyl of glutaryl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl would be anticipated to make this carbonyl carbon even more reactive with the sulfhydryl partner. [0048] Chain extenders may provide sites for degradation, i.e., hydrolysable sites. Examples of hydrolysable chain extenders include, inter alia, alpha-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid and glycolic acid; poly(lactones) such as caprolactone, valerolactone, gamma butyl lactone and p-dioxanone; poly(amino acids); poly(anhydrides) such as glutarate and succinate; poly(orthoesters); poly(orthocarbonates) such as trimethylene carbonate; and poly(phosphoesters). Examples of non-degradable chain extenders include, inter alia, succinimide, propionic acid and carboxymethylate. See, for example, PCT WO 99/07417. Examples of enzymatically degradable chain extenders include Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala, which is degraded by collagenase; and Gly-Pro-Lys, which is degraded by plasmin. [0049] Gel Strength and Gel Time [0050] The compositions of the present invention are formulated to exhibit adequate strength and rapid gel time. The elastic modulus, G′, is the preferred measure of gel strength. Preferred compositions for use as tissue sealants can achieve a gel strength of about 103 to 108 dynes/cm2, and more preferably 104 to 107 dynes/cm2. Preferred compositions for use as hemostatic agents or for adhesion prevention have a gel strength of at least 102 to 104 dynes/cm2 if a soft gel is desired, or 105 to 108 dynes/cm2 if a harder matrix is desired. [0051] The gel time of preferred formulations is less than 60 seconds, more preferably less than 30 seconds, and most preferably less than 15 seconds. The fast gel time ensures maximum material at the site to be treated and sufficient mechanical properties. [0052] Optional Composition Constituents [0053] In addition to the reactive compounds, the compositions of the present invention may also contain other compounds, which may be included in one or both of the components of the two-component compositions, or may be separately administered. In one embodiment, these compounds may become covalently incorporated into the matrix itself by becoming crosslinked to one or both of the reactive compounds after they are mixed together. In another embodiment, such as would be the case if the compound was unreactive with either of the reactive compounds, the compound may be administered in such a way that it become physically or ionically associated with the matrix-forming compounds after mixing, and thus become part of the matrix itself. [0054] Additional compounds that may be added are glycosaminoglycans and proteins. Suitable glycosaminoglycans include, inter alia, hyaluronic acid, chitin, chondroitin sulfate A, B, or C, keratin sulfate, keratosulfate and heparin, and derivatives thereof. In another embodiment, proteins can be added for a variety of purposes. For example, collagen may improve biocompatibility of the matrix, including the potential colonization by cells, promotion of would healing, etc. Collagen and any amino group-containing proteins would also contribute to the structural integrity of the matrix by becoming crosslinked thereto along with the other matrix components. In particular, if PEG-succinimidyl esters are used, the amide bonds formed with collagen will be more stable to hydrolytic degradation than the bonds formed by the reaction of succinimidyl esters and sulfhydryls. [0055] Suitable proteins include, inter alia, collagen, fibronectin, gelatin and albumin, as well as peptide fragments thereof. Particularly preferred is collagen, which may be in the form of afibrillar, microfibrillar or fibrillar collagen. Types I and III collagen isolated from bovine corium or human placenta, or prepared by recombinant DNA methods, are suitable. See PCT WO 90/05755 for a description of suitable collagens and collagen derivatives. It should be understood that when adding collagen to the composition, it is important to adjust the concentration of the other composition components to avoid precipitation. [0056] Additional constituents which may be added to the composition include antibiotics, growth factors, hemostatic proteins (such as thrombin, fibrin, fibrinogen, the blood factors, etc.), cells, genes, DNA, etc. [0057] Composition Formulation [0058] The compositions of the present invention comprise two separate parts, or �components�, which may be in liquid or solid form. In a preferred embodiment, both components are liquids, such that each can be easily applied separately to the site of administration. Accordingly, one of the components may be in the form of a dry powder that becomes mixed with the second component, which is in liquid form, when each are sprayed separately onto the tissue, or by mixing at the tissue site. It is also possible to have both components delivered to the site as powders, to be mixed with buffer at the site of administration. [0059] In an alternative embodiment, both components can be mixed together in a single aqueous medium in which they are both unreactive, i.e. such as in a low pH buffer. Thereafter, they can be sprayed onto the tissue site along with a high pH buffer, after which they will rapidly react and form a gel. This embodiment is described in Example 9. [0060] The concentration of the reactive compounds in each of the composition components necessarily depends on a number of factors. For example, if the composition components are each 4-arm PEGs (i.e. PEG-PEG compositions), a concentration of 20-25% by weight in each of the two components before mixing results in a gel after mixing with an elastic modulus, G′, of approximately 105-106 dynes/cm2, which is adequate for use as a surgical sealant. Using methylated collagen and 4-arm succinimidyl PEG, concentrations of 2-4% and 0.2-0.4%, respectively, result in gels with cohesive strengths that are comparable to PEG-PEG gels at 10-15%. Using albumin as one of the components, concentrations of 30% or more achieve a similar cohesive strength. The appropriate concentration of the compound, and other optional ingredients, in each component, and thus the relative concentration of the matrix components in the final gel matrix, can easily be optimized to achieve the desired gelation time and gel strength using routine experimentation. Using the preferred four-arm PEGs described above, the synthetic polymer is generally present at a concentration of 2 to 50% (w/v), and more preferably 10-25%. [0061] The liquid components of the compositions of the present invention are each separately prepared by adding the activated synthetic polymer (in dry form or as a concentrated solution) to a liquid medium. Suitable liquid media include aqueous buffer solutions, such as monobasic sodium phosphate/dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate, glutamate or acetate, at a concentration of 0.5 to 300 mM. In general, the sulfhydryl-reactive PEG is prepared in water or a dilute buffer, with a pH of between around 5 to 6. Buffers with pKs between about 8 to 10.5 for preparing the sulfhydryl-PEG component are useful to achieve fast gelation time of compositions containing mixtures of sulfhydryl-PEG/SG-PEG. These include carbonate, borate and AMPSO (3-[(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)amino]2-hydroxy-propane-sulfonic acid). In contrast, using a combination of maleimidyl PEG and sulfhydryl-PEG, a pH of around 5 to 9 is preferred for the liquid medium used to prepare the sulfhydryl PEG. A particularly preferred composition for hemostatic applications to actively bleeding tissue sites comprises a mixture of maleimidyl and succinimidyl PEG as the first component, and sulfhydryl PEG as the second component. Such compositions produce gels with enhanced biodegradability and superior gel times when compared to compositions having only maleimidyl PEG or succinimicyl PEG alone. [0062] The pH of the aqueous buffer solution that is used for each of the two (or more) composition components should be adjusted using routine optimization to achieve a final pH that is conducive to rapid gelation, without causing instantaneous gelation which interferes with the delivery process. For example, both amino PEG and sulfhydryl PEG need a basic pH to enhance nucleophilicity. The effects of pH on gel time are discussed below in the Examples. [0063] Use and Administration [0064] The compositions of the present invention are generally delivered to the site of administration in such a way that the two (or more) individual components of the composition come into contact with one another for the first time at the site of administration, or immediately preceding administration. Thus, the compositions of the present invention are preferably delivered to the site of administration using an apparatus that allows the two components to be delivered separately. Such delivery systems usually involve two-compartment single exit or dual exit spray devices. Alternatively, the two components can be delivered separately using any type of controllable extrusion system, or they can be delivered manually in the form of separate pastes, liquids or dry powders, and mixed together manually at the site of administration. Many devices that are adapted for delivery of two-component tissue sealants/hemostatic agents are well known in the art and can also be used in the practice of the present invention. [0065] Yet another way of delivering the compositions of the present invention is to prepare the two reactive components (or the single reactive component in the case of sulfhydryl-containing components that are designed to form disulfide bonds) in inactive form as either a liquid or powder. Such compositions can then be activated after application to the tissue site, or immediately beforehand, by applying an activator. In one embodiment, the activator is a buffer solution having a pH that will activate the composition once mixed therewith. See Example 12 for a description of a sulfhydryl-containing PEG composition that is maintained at a low pH until administration, then mixed with a high pH buffer at the application site to initiate gelation. [0066] The compositions of the present invention can be used in a variety of different pharmaceutical applications. In general, the compositions described herein can be adapted for use in any tissue engineering application where synthetic gel matrices are currently being utilized. For example, the compositions of the present invention are useful as tissue sealants, in tissue augmentation, in tissue repair, as hemostatic agents, in preventing tissue adhesions, in providing surface modifications, and in drug/cell/gene delivery applications. One of skill in the art could easily determine the appropriate administration protocol to use with any composition having a known gel strength and gelation time based on the principles described herein and well known scientific principles. A more detailed description of several specific applications is given below: [0067] Tissue Sealants & Adhesives [0068] In a preferred application, the compositions described herein can be used for medical conditions that require a coating or sealing layer to prevent the leakage of gases, liquid or solids. The method entails applying both components to the damaged tissue or organ to seal 1) vascular and or other tissues or organs to stop or minimize the flow of blood; 2) thoracic tissue to stop or minimize the leakage of air; 3) gastrointestinal tract or pancreatic tissue to stop or minimize the leakage of fecal or tissue contents; 4) bladder or ureters to stop or minimize the leakage of urine; 5) dura to stop or minimize the leakage of CSF; and 6) skin or serosal tissue to stop the leakage of serosal fluid. [0069] These compositions may also be used to adhere tissues together such as small vessels, nerves or dermal tissue. The material can be used 1) by applying it to the surface of one tissue and then a second tissue may be rapidly pressed against the first tissue or 2) by bringing the tissues in close juxtaposition and then applying the material. [0070] Surgical Adhesions [0071] A preferred application is a method of reducing the formation of adhesions after a surgical procedure in a patient. The method entails applying the material onto the damaged tissue or organ either by spraying both components together or by applying previously admixed components. The components will react together to form a hydrogel on the tissue surface. The medical procedures include gynecological, abdominal, neurosurgical, cardiac, and orthopedic indications. [0072] Drug Delivery [0073] A preferred application is a method of locally applying a biologically active substance to patients. The active substance can be delivered in conjunction with the two components such that the material can form in situ or as a preformed implant. The active substance can be either released through diffusion controlled processes or may be covalently bound to the components such that it will be released as the resulting hydrogel degrades. [0074] The biologically active substances can be any of a variety of organic and inorganic materials, including proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Specific examples include enzymes, antibiotics, antineoplastic agents, cytokines, local anesthetics, hormones, antiangiogenic agents, antibodies, neurotransmitters, psychoactive drugs, drugs affecting reproductive organs, and therapeutic oligonucleotides. [0075] Modification of Implants [0076] A preferred application is a method of applying coatings to implants to affect the surface properties of implants or to help adhere implants to tissue surfaces. A coat of components may be applied to 1) vascular grafts, stents to minimize or stop the leakage of blood or serosal fluid from these devices; 2) catheters or breast implants to reduce or stop excessive fibrosis; 3) artificial patches or meshes to minimize excessive fibrosis and to help adhere the implants to tissue surfaces. [0077] Delivery of Cells or Genes [0078] A preferred application of the compositions is to encapsulate and thereby deliver cells or genes, which includes material from natural sources or synthetic DNA, RNA and their respective antisense forms, to a desired site. The cells can include mesenchymal stem cells, epithelial cells and neuroectodermal cells. The cells may either be allogeneic or xenogenic in origin. [0079] a. First Component Pentaerythritol poly(ethylene glycol)ether tetra-succinimidyl glutarate (�SG-PEG�) (mol. wt. 10,000) is dissolved in 0.5 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.0 at a concentration of 20% w/v. (This solution is not stable in aqueous media due to the susceptibility of the active ester to hydrolysis and should be used within one hour of preparation). [0080] b. Second Component [0081] Pentaerythritol poly(ethylene glycol)ether tetra-sulfhydryl (mol. wt. 10,000) is dissolved in 300 mM sodium phosphate/sodium carbonate buffer (�P/C buffer�), pH 9.6, at a concentration of 20% w/v. P/C buffer is prepared as follows: 300 mM sodium monobasic phosphate is mixed with 300 mM sodium carbonate to achieve pH 9.6. The final molarity is approximately 117 mm phosphate and 183 mM carbonate. This solution is stable in aqueous media, but care should be taken to prevent the exposure of the solution to oxygen to prevent oxidation to disulfide. Although pH is preferred for certain compositions, a pH of 8 to 10.5 is generally believed to be suitable for use in the practice of the present invention. [0082] The right carotid artery of New Zealand white rabbits is exposed. The rabbits are treated with 200 U/kg of heparin and the vessel is clamped proximally and distally using atraumatic vascular clamps. A puncture hole is made in the carotid artery using a 27 G needle. The control rabbits are treated with tamponade until hemostasis is achieved. For the treated rabbits, approximately 0.5 mL of each of the two components of the compositions prepared as described in Example 1 are delivered to the defect site using a two component sprayer (Duo Flow, Hemaedics, Malibu, Calif.). After the material is allowed to set for 30 sec, the clamps are removed and the time to hemostasis and the blood loss are measured. The arteries of the control rabbits also remain clamped for 30 sec for consistency. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0083] The above results illustrate that the composition significantly reduces the amount of blood loss and time to hemostasis from a punctured artery. [0084] The dogs are treated with heparin to achieve an activated clotting time of greater than 480 sec. The left iliac of the dogs is exposed and isolated using atraumatic vascular clamps placed distally and proximally. A 5 cm segment of the artery is excised and replaced with an ePTFE (polythetrafluoroethylene) graft of the same diameter. Prior to the completion of the anastamosis, the graft was de-aired using a 27 G needle. Approximately 3.0 mL of each of the two components of the composition prepared according to Example 1 is delivered to the defect site using a two component sprayer (Cohesion Technologies, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.). After the material is allowed to set for 30 sec, the clamps are removed and the time to hemostasis and the blood loss are measured. The procedure was repeated on the left iliac, with the exception of material application. The right iliac received only tamponade treatment. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0085] The above results illustrate that this composition significantly reduces the amount of blood loss and time to hemostasis from an ePTFE anastamosis. [0086] Up to six subcutaneous pockets are made on the backs of New Zealand 5 white rabbits. Approximately 1.0 mL of each of the components of the composition described in Example 1 is delivered to the defect site using a two component sprayer (Cohesion Technologies, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.) for liquid formulations or a spatula for formulations that are gelled ex-vivo. The grading key is shown in Table 3 and the results are shown in Table 4.
[0087] [0088] Experiments A and B show a mild gross and histological response of fibrillar collagen (Collagen Corporation, Palo Alto, Calif.) and the surgical control. Experiment C shows a severe response to hydrogels made with amino-PEG. The response consists of thick encapsulation of the hydrogel and abscess formation. By substitution of sulfhydryl-PEG for amino-PEG, as in Experiment D, the biocompatibility of the hydrogel is significantly improved. Experiment E involves forming an amino hydrogel ex-vivo and incubating the hydrogel in a solution of mono-SG PEG, 5000 mol. wt. During the incubation period, the mono-SG PEG reacts with the free amines present on the hydrogel network, thus reducing the amount of free amines on the polymeric network. This treatment enhances the biocompatibility of the hydrogel. Experiment F involves forming a sulfhydryl hydrogel ex-vivo and incubating the hydrogel in a solution of mono-SG PEG, 5000 mol. wt. During the incubation period, the di-amino PEG reacts with the free SG groups present on the hydrogel network, thus increasing the amount of free amines on the polymeric network. This treatment decreases the biocompatibility of the hydrogel. Thus, these results show the enhanced biocompatibility of sulfhydryl formulations over amino formulations. [0089] A desirable characteristic of the compositions described herein is their ability to rapidly achieve gelation. In this experiment, the effects of buffer strength and composition on gelation kinetics are studied. For all experiments, the tetra-functional SG PEG described in Example 1 is dissolved in 0.5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.0, and the tetra-sulfhydryl PEG described in Example 1, or the equivalent tetra-amino PEG is dissolved in the buffer listed in Table 5.
[0090] Experiments A and B show the difference in gel times in amino formulations and sulfhydryl formulations in phosphate buffer. In this buffer, an increase in gelation rate is observed for sulfhydryl formulations compared to amino formulations. Experiments C and D show the difference in gelation times in amino formulations and sulfhydryl formulations in carbonate buffer. As shown, a decrease in gel time is observed for sulfhydryl formulations in carbonate buffer. In the preferred P/C Buffer, a gel time of 3 seconds is observed. [0091] The first component (tetra-functional Sulfhydryl-PEG, 10,000 mol. wt.) was prepared according to Example 1 and suspended in P/C Buffer. The second component (tetra-functional SG-PEG, 10,000 mol. wt.) was prepared according to Example 1 in 0.5 mM phosphate, pH 6.0. The two components (0.6 ml each) were loaded in a dual-syringe device with joiner and cannula. The cannula contained a mixing element. The solutions were mixed, and the resultant mixture was immediately delivered into a parallel plate cell of a Rheometrics Fluids Spectrometer 8500 (Rheometrics, Inc., Piscataway, N.J.). The upper platen had a diameter of 25 mm, and the gap between upper and lower parallel plates was 1.5 mm. [0092] Gelation began immediately upon mixing of the formulation. The instrument was started, and G′ and G″ (elastic and viscous moduli, respectively) were measured at 1% strain and 1 radian/sec. In less than a minute, G′ was near 104 dynes/cm2, which is characteristic of a soft rubbery material. G′ began to plateau within 15 min, and continued to rise very gradually for more than an hour afterwards. G″ was in the order of 102 dynes/cm2, and declined gradually. These results are consistent with a rapidly gelling material. G′ and G″ for the unreacted starting materials was about 1-10 dynes/cm2. These results are depicted in FIG. 3. [0093] In this experiment, the rheometer cannot precisely quantitate G′ and G″ below about 50 dynes/cm2. In addition, the gelation occurred so rapidly that the mixture only filled 30 to 95% of the desired space�there was gelled fluid surrounding the plate, but not between the plates. Even with these limitations, a measurement of the elastic (G′) and viscous modulus (G″) as a function of time can still be made, and the kinetics of gelation can be followed. As indicated in this experiment, a G′ of greater than 102 dynes/cm2 in less than one minute indicates rapid gelation. [0094] All tests were done with 50 ml of 20% (w/v) 4 arm, 10,000 mol. wt., tetrafunctional SG-PEG mixed with 50 ml of 20% (w/v) 4 arm, 10,000 mol. wt., tetra-functional sulfhydryl-PEG). Different buffers were used, and the times to gel were noted. The SG-PEG was dissolved in 0.5 mM phosphate, pH 6.0 for all tests. The sulfhydryl-PEG was dissolved in the buffers given below at a pH of 9.6 and times to gel are noted.
[0095] As shown, buffers with pKs between 8 and 10.5 (borate, 8.1; carbonate, 10.3; AMPSO, 9.0), and mixtures thereof, are suitable [0096] The gelation characteristics of several different formulations are described below: [0097] 8a: Gelation of Di Functional Maleimidyl-PEG, 3400 mol. wt. (MAL-PEG) with Tetra-Sulfhydryl PEG, 10,000 mol. wt. [0098] A 20% (w/v) solution of MAL-PEG in 0.5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.0, was mixed rapidly with an equal volume of 20% (w/v) tetra-sulfhydryl PEG in 150 mM sodium phosphate, pH 5.0. Gelation occurred in 15 sec. The gel became a firm, rubbery solid in a minute or less. [0099] 8b: Gelation of Difunctional Iodoacetamide PEG, 3,400 mol.wt. (�IAM-PEG�) with Tetra-Sulfhydryl PEG, 10,000 mol. wt. [0100] IAM-PEG was dissolved at 20% (w/v) in 0.5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.0, and mixed rapidly with a 20% (w/v) solution of tetra-sulfhydryl PEG in P/C Buffer sodium phosphate-carbonate, pH 9.6. Gelation occurred in less than 40 sec. A firm gel formed within 2 min. [0101] 8c: Gelation of Tetra-sulfhydryl PEG, 10,000 mol. wt., with Dilute Hydrogen Peroxide. [0102] A 20% (w/v) solution of tetra-sulfhydryl PEG in P/C Buffer, was mixed with an equal volume of 0.1% (w/v) hydrogen peroxide. Gelation occurred in 15 sec. A firm gel formed in less than 2 min. [0103] This experiment demonstrates that hemostatic PEG gels containing active thrombin protein can be formed on tissue. [0104] 9a: Thrombin Incorporated into Tetra-Sulfhydryl PEG Gelled with Hydrogen Peroxide. [0105] 20 mg of tetra-sulfhydryl PEG, 10,000 mol. wt., were dissolved in 80 μl of PC Buffer, and 11 μl of bovine thrombin at 8850 NIH units/ml in 0.72 M sodium chloride (Thrombin topical, USP, Gentrac, Inc., Middleton, Wis.) were added. This solution of tetra-sulfhydryl PEG and thrombin was then mixed with 100 μl of 0.1% (w/v) hydrogen peroxide in water, by stirring rapidly in a 1.5 ml plastic tube. The mixture gelled in less than 40 sec, due to oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups to disulfide bonds. After 1.5 min, the gel was a firm, rubbery solid. On top of this gel was layered 200 μl of rabbit blood plasma. The plasma had been separated from citrated blood and contained approximately 11 mM citrate. Just prior to addition, this citrated blood plasma was re-calcified by addition of 8 μl of 0.5 M calcium chloride, to achieve a concentration of about 20 mM calcium. This re-calcified blood plasma was observed to form a fibrin clot 1.5 minutes after layering onto the PEG gel. The clotting reaction was taken as evidence for the presence of active thrombin in the PEG gel. [0106] When control studies are performed, a second oxidized sulfhydryl-PEG gel without thrombin does not clot rabbit plasma until 20 minutes have elapsed. As a further control, re-calcified rabbit plasma is held in an identical plastic tube; and it clots spontaneously after 13 minutes. Therefore, the sulfhydryl-PEG gel without thrombin clots blood no faster than control re-calcified plasma. [0107] When the analogous experiment was attempted with tetra-sulfhydryl PEG and tetra-SG-PEG, plus thrombin, no enhanced clotting time of plasma was observed. Clotting of plasma was delayed beyond 25 minutes. This result is interpreted to indicate that SG-PEG inactivated thrombin, presumably by binding PEG to lysine side chains of thrombin and interfering with its enzymatic activity. [0108] 9b: Thrombin Incorporated into IAM-PEG/Sulfhydryl-PEG gel. [0109] 20 mg of tetra-sulfhydryl PEG, 10,000 mol. wt. are dissolved in 80 μl of PC Buffer along with 11 μl of thrombin, as in 9a. above. 20 mg of IAM-PEG are dissolved in 80 μl of 0.5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.0. The two solutions are rapidly mixed in a 1.5 ml plastic tube. The mixture has a gel time less than 30 sec and is a rubbery gel by 1.5 minutes. Re-calcified rabbit plasma (200 μl) is layered on top of the gel, and a fibrin clot forms in this plasma in less than two minutes after layering onto the gel. A control reaction without thrombin forms a fibrin clot more than 18 minutes after layering onto the PEG gel. The rapid formation of a fibrin clot in the sample containing thrombin is taken as evidence for the presence of active thrombin in the PEG gel. [0110] 9c: Thrombin Incorporated into NEM-PEG/Sulfhydryl PEG gel. [0111] 20 mg of tetra-sulfhydryl PEG, 10,000 mol wt., is dissolved in 80 μl of 150 mM sodium phosphate, pH 5.0, along with 11 μl of thrombin, as in 9a. above. 20 mg of NEM-PEG are dissolved in 0.5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.0. The two solutions are rapidly mixed in a plastic tube. Gelation occurs in 15 sec. 15 μl of P/C Buffer, are layered onto the top of the PEG gel to adjust the pH to 7-9. Then, 200 μl of re-calcified rabbit plasma are added. A fibrin clot formed in 1.5 min. after addition of the plasma. Control gels with no thrombin form a fibrin clot after 30 min. Again, the rapid formation of a fibrin clot in the PEG gel with thrombin is taken as evidence for the presence of active thrombin. [0112] 9d: Gelation of Layered Gels with Thrombin. [0113] In order to provide a gel formulation from SG-PEG and sulfhydryl-PEG to which thrombin can be added and remain active, a �gel layering� technique can be used. First, the tetra-sulfhydryl-PEG and tetra-SG-PEG gel at 20% solids, prepared according to Example 1 are sprayed onto sheets as described in Example 2. The sheets are coarse fibered collagen hydrated by saline, which simulates a tissue surface. The total volume is approximately 0.5 ml. This formula gels in 18-15 sec. At 16 seconds, a second gel mixture of tetra-sulfhydryl PEG, di-maleimidyl PEG, both at 20% solids, and thrombin (700 NIH units/ml) of total gel mixture, total volume approx. 0.5 ml, are sprayed on top of the first gel. This second gel layer gels at about 2 minutes. At 3 min after the first gel is sprayed, 0.4 ml of re-calcified rabbit blood plasma, prepared as described above are layered on top of the PEG gel. This plasma clots 1.5 minutes after it is layered onto the PEG gel. The formation of a fibrin clot at this early time, compared to a non-thrombin control, is taken as evidence for active thrombin in the PEG gel. [0114] 10 mg of powdered tetra-SG PEG, 10,000 mol. wt., is spread on the surface of a piece of weighing paper. 10 mg of tetra-sulfhydryl PEG, 10,000 mol. wt., is dissolved in 80 μl of P/C buffer. The sulfhydryl-PEG solution is loaded into a 1 cc syringe with a Haemedics (Malibu, Calif.) spray head and sprayed onto the SG-PEG on the weighing paper. The sprayed fluid is not stirred or mixed. It begains to gel in 27 seconds and forms a firm, rubbery layer by 2 min. This test shows that components in powdered form are also suitable for use in the present invention. [0115] Methylated collagen is prepared by the following process: bovine corium collagen is solubilized using pepsin and purified as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,360. This purfied, solubilized collagen is precipitated by neutralization into 0.2M sodium phosphate, pH 7.2. The precipitate is isolated by centrifugation to a final concentration of 70 mg/ml. The material is dried for two days, and then pulverized. Dry methanol containing HCl (to 0.1 N) is added (40 ml) and stirred for four days. Collagen is separated from the acidic methanol, vacuum dried and sterilized by irradiation. The final product is disolved in water at a pH of 3-4. [0116] For delivery as a sealant, 10 mg of the methylated collagen, 100 mg of tetra-functional sulfhydryl-PEG, 10,000 mol. wt., and 100 mg of tetra-functional SG PEG, 10,000 mol. wt., are dissolved in water at pH 3-4 to a final volume of 1 ml (first component). The second component is 1 ml of P/C Buffer. Each component is placed in a syringe and mixed and sprayed on the desired test site using a dual-syringe delivery system as described in Example 1. The applied mixture gels in less than 3 seconds. [0117] The adhesive and cohesive properties of the gel are examined in a burst test. This test is conducted on a pressure gauge apparatus (PSI-Tronix, Model PG5000, Tulare, Calif.) connected by a pressure line to a circular sample plate with a 2 mm diameter central orifice. Sealant formulations are sprayed onto the plate to seal the orifice. To simulate bonding of the formulations to tissue, the sample plate has a circular sheet of coarse-fibered collagen fastened to it, with a 2 mm hole pierced into it and displaced 2-3 mm from the sample plate orifice. Burst strength is measured as a function of the pressure it takes to force saline at a flow rate of 5 ml/min through the sealant gel. [0118] The results are given below in Table 7.
[0119] Both formulations have gel times less than 3 seconds. As shown above, the addition of collagen to the formulation enhances burst strength. [0120] A 12-arm electrophilic PEG compound is formed from 1 mole of 4-arm sulfhydryl PEG, 10,000 mol. wt., and 4 moles of 4-arm SG-PEG, 10,000 mol. wt. The resulting compound is depicted in FIG. 4a. As shown, the compound core is pentaerythritol PEG ether tetra-sulfhydryl and the end functional group is succinimide. As long as the functional groups are reactive with one another to form chemical bonds, the sulfhydryl group, X, can be replaced with other nucleophilic groups, such as NH2, etc., and the succinimidyl group, Y, can be replaced with other electrophilic groups, such as maleimide, carbonyl imidazole, or isocyanate. This method is also used to prepare the 12-arm nucleophilic PEG compound depicted in FIG. 4b by reacting 4 moles of 4-arm sulfhydryl PEG with 1 mole of 4-arm SG-PEG. The formation of these compounds from their respective 4-arm intermediates are also shown in FIG. 5. It should be understood that such reactions produce a heterogeneous population of activated PEG product, some having less than 12 arms, and some having more than 12 arms. As used herein, a �12-arm� PEG also refers to such heterogeneous reaction products that have an average of about 12 arms on each molecule. [0121] 12a: 12 Arm Sulfhydryl PEG [0122] Eight grams of pentaerythritol (polyethylene glycol)ether tetra sulfhydryl was dissolved in a mixture of 100 mL of methylene chloride and 100 mL of triethylamine. Two grams of pentaerythritol (polyethylene glycol)ether tetra succinimidyl glutarate in 40 mL of methylene chloride was slowly added with stirring at room temperature under argon overnight. The solvent was removed and the product was isolated by recrystallilzation in ethanol and dried. [0123] 12b: 12 Arm Succinimidyl PEG [0124] Two grams of pentaerythritol (polyethylene glycol)ether tetra succinimidyl glutarate was dissolved in 50 mL of methylene chloride. 0.5 grams of pentaerythritol (polyethylene glycol)ether tetra amine in 10 mL of methylene chloride was slowly added with stirring at room temperature under argon overnight. The solvent was removed and the product was isolated by recrystallization in ethanol and dried. [0125] When the two compounds were tested for burst strength as described in Example 12, they demonstrated a burst strength of greater than 150 mm Hg and a gel time of less than 2 seconds. [0126] Numerous modifications may be made to the foregoing systems without departing from the basic teachings thereof. Although the present invention has been described in substantial detail with reference to one or more specific embodiments, those of skill in the art will recognize that changes may be made to the embodiments specifically disclosed in this application, yet these modifications and improvements are within the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims which follow. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this specification are incorporated herein by reference as if each such publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Referenced by
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He's one b...
Statistically speaking, the end of January is where New Year's resolutions go to die. According to a study by the University of Scranton published last year in the Journal of Clinical Psychology, after one month has passed, over a third of those who'...
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The Enchanted Cave 2
Delve into a strange cave with a seemingly endless supply of treasure, strategically choos
4.31 / 5.00 28,812 ViewsGhostbusters B.I.P.
COMPLETE edition of the interactive "choose next panel" comic
4.01 / 5.00 8,158 ViewsNow with 100% more Steam! lI Minecraft you say? 18.104.22.168 II XBL: WorseThanMonday II
Official member of the MCC
Rank: Madness Recruit-----Talent: Madness-raleted art
Join the Madness Combat Crew :D
Lol, it jumped nearly 300 votes in just a few hours!
A reason to watch NASCAR! lol
I'mma try to remember and vote everyday on this.
If this car doesn't win shit will hit the fan. THE FAN.
The car has cancer, and if you don't vote for it, it will die.
Hey a camry! Youll win the race and never stop but youll need a new driver every time.
But really i think its awesome i voted and i implore others to vote.
Everybody vote every 24 hours! The NG car has 2106 votes while the highest voted car has 7940.
Hurry! We can do it!
What's funny is that the newgrounds one might not be the most beautiful thing on the planet, but it seems to be the most well put together one so far.
1) Doesn't use a bunch of stupid design things like flames to make it appear cooler
2) The Color scheme promots an intimidating feel to it, cause it's got warning colors.
3) It doesn't have the god awful school colors LSU has. I mean individually fine, but come on, yellow on purple on white is just ugly.
4) Because it would be kind of awesome for something like newgrounds to pretty much come from nowhere and take the top spot over something that the majority of the US knows about.
The world must know that Newgrounds is a force not to be f**ked with. First the documentary and now this. Pull together my brothers and sisters; the day of Newgrounds becoming a globally-recognized entity is nigh! NIGH I TELL YOU!!
(So yeah I voted, and I'm gonna do the same everyday ^_^)
There is no Mercy, only DoDonPachi
I'm voting every day! On every computer I can possibly find.
That isn't really the best designed car, but it will give Newgrounds so much publicity!
Stamper will be the one to drive the car if we win.
Sig by ??? - AMA
Formerly PuddinN64 - Portal, BBS, Icon, and Chat Mod
"Your friends love you anyway" - Check out WhatTheDo & Guinea Something Good!
That's a great car, I hope you guys win. I voted and if I can remember I'll do it again tomorrow.
This is amazing man!!!
I'm totally making a music theme for the NG Car to promote it even more ;D
I really hope our car wins ^~
And by the way if you need a good pilot, I'm totally up for it! Seriously...
Trance: Gotta Start Moving
Rave: Victory Dance
I voted Tom! It has 2233 votes, last time I checked. I think we can do this!
I was formerly known as "Jedi-Master."
"Be who you are and say what you feel because those who mind don't matter and those who matter don't mind."--Dr. Seuss
There are those who wish to destroy the dark, but without the dark, we cannot know the light
OMG,i would totally shit my pants if i ever say a Newgrounds sponsored car in a Nascar Cup race (especially if it wrecked),yes shit would come out of my ass.
Honestly, I love the car ... but isn't there something a little more suited for NG?
Like, "Why we gonna race y'all bitches? When wez cud jus' blowed you up?"
Tankman is the only official driver I'd trust.
I'll admit I'm genuinely surprised at how well the car is now doing. I'll make sure I keep voting daily because of that.
At 7/21/10 01:05 AM, RicePirate wrote: Honestly, I love the car ... but isn't there something a little more suited for NG?
Like, "Why we gonna race y'all bitches? When wez cud jus' blowed you up?"
Tankman is the only official driver I'd trust.
I <3 you for that.
Also, last time I checked it only had 200 votes.
Wow, we better win this you guys!
int experience, posts;
while(experience/10 >= posts)
At 7/21/10 01:06 AM, Gagsy wrote: I'll admit I'm genuinely surprised at how well the car is now doing. I'll make sure I keep voting daily because of that.
Yeah, 2,200+ votes already. It's catching up very quickly.
I voted again today and I'll keep voting until it's over. Hope others do the same.


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Charles Smiley
From Ballotpedia
Charles Smiley is the representative-elect for District 50 in the Michigan House of Representatives in the November 2, 2010 state legislative elections. Smiley faced William Ralph in the general election on November 2, 2010.
Smiley won election to the District 50 Seat in 2010. He defeated Richard Burrus, James Cowan, Jeffery Houston and Gerald Masters in the August 3 Democratic primary. He defeated William Ralph (R) in the general election on November 2, 2010.


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Talk:Newman/Haas Racing
WikiProject American Open Wheel Racing | |||||||||||
Who is Lanigan, and why and how did he get his name as part of the team???[edit]
Where has this Lanigan person sprang from, and how did he end up getting his name on the team? Why has nobody seen fit to add that part of teh story of this team which has always been simply NewmanHass for most of it's history? --Amedeo Felix (talk) 13:18, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
- Well??? How can it be someone can bother to create this page, but not answer my rather fundamental question?--Amedeo Felix (talk) 08:05, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
Mike Lanigan is the President and Ceo of Mi-Jack Products, Inc. They used to be involved with Conquest racing, but decided to partner up with Newmann-Haas last year. Also, the info provided when you click his name on this page is incorrect (takes you to some other Mike Lanigan). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 13:57, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
Car Numbers[edit]
I well imagine their car numbers will change when they join the IRL ranks...--Amedeo Felix (talk) 08:07, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
Page edits[edit]
For future reference, the following edits were made to Yates/Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing then moved to Yates Racing then moved to here, Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing:
- (cur) (last) 02:07, 8 September 2007 Mearnhardtfan (Talk | contribs | block) (3,750 bytes) (rmv Yates) (undo)
- (cur) (last) 01:16, 8 September 2007 JohnnyBGood (Talk | contribs | block) m (3,756 bytes) (undo)
- (cur) (last) 01:12, 8 September 2007 JohnnyBGood (Talk | contribs | block) (4,157 bytes) (undo)
- (cur) (last) 01:08, 8 September 2007 JohnnyBGood (Talk | contribs | block) m (4,163 bytes) (→External links: Removing Yates info to the Yates Racing page) (undo)
- (cur) (last) 00:50, 8 September 2007 JohnnyBGood (Talk | contribs | block) m (4,374 bytes) (undo)
- (cur) (last) 00:46, 8 September 2007 JohnnyBGood (Talk | contribs | block) (4,423 bytes) (Merger cancelled on September 7th, 2007. http://sports.yahoo.com/nascar/news;_ylt=AhykWnPNiHT6MRod4ipbw4nov7YF?slug=ap-nascar-yates-retirement&prov=ap&type=lgns) (undo)
Tra (Talk) 17:56, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
Now that Paul Newman has died…[edit]
…will this team get a new name or parter? Will (Talk - contribs) 04:49, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
- Thankfully there is no sign of that from the team (they have always been rather slow at updating their site mind), but one may hope they would never be so curlish as to drop the co-founder's name from the team. It would be no less wrong than dropping Bruce McLaren's name from the team he founded.--Amedeo Felix (talk) 13:37, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
Shouldn't the drivers section be listed in chronological order?--Amedeo Félix (talk) 15:51, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
needs updating[edit]
2008 should be summarized in one paragraph. Info on the 2010 season should be added. 184.108.40.206 (talk) 01:14, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
Requested move[edit]
- The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
The result of the move request was: page moved. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:57, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing → Newman/Haas Racing
- The team has officially changed their name back to Newman/Haas Racing, as seen on their website: http://www.newmanhaasracing.com/index.html Bduddy (talk) 22:33, 23 April 2010 (UTC)
- That's almost irrelevant. Suggest you read WP:NC and probably also Wikipedia:official names and then decide based on Wikipedia policy what the best name would be. My guess is that it probably won't be either the existing or this proposed name. But it may be. Andrewa (talk) 04:16, 24 April 2010 (UTC)
- I believe that, for a racing team, the most correct and recognizable team would almost always be the official one, except in the case of sponsored names, etc. In any case, Lanigan was a recent edition to the team (and it's name) and many people continued to refer to it as Newman/Haas anyway, so I see no reason why the article shouldn't be "Newman/Haas Racing".
- Do you have a cite for this name change? Without one, this is pure speculation. I'm pretty sure their official page was never updated to reflect the change to N/H/L in the first place, but at any rate the fact that it isn't there is not sufficient proof that the name has changed. If Lanigan has left the team, there would be something about it in the news. In fact many news organizations still refer to it as N/H/L. Moving the page would be inappropriate. EeepEeep (talk) 20:10, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
- After taking a quick look at their website, it's clear that other than adding news items, nothing's been changed since 2006 (look at the team history pages). And the posted news items use both NHR and NHLR names interchangeably. There's no evidence of a official name change. EeepEeep (talk) 20:36, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
- Apparently they are trying to keep this quiet for whatever reason... This is the closest thing to an "official" confirmation I can find, the changing of the team's official Facebook page here. Also, they have changed their official Twitter name here-note that some of their old tweets refer to "NHLR". Regardless of any official name change, the team is now widely referring to themselves as Newman/Haas, and people have always called them by that name (I think there may have been a case for that always being the name of the page), so I still think this article should be known as Newman/Haas Racing. Bduddy (talk) 00:19, 27 April 2010 (UTC)
- Well, when they stop being quiet about it, then we can talk about moving the page. Wikipedia is not a place for unsubstantiated rumors. EeepEeep (talk) 01:01, 27 April 2010 (UTC)
- I think that the posts on the official Twitter and Facebook pages show that these are more than "unsubstantiated rumors". And again, I believe that, regardless of the official status of any name change, there is a good case for this page to be named Newman/Haas (as the racing team was for most of its history) anyway. Bduddy (talk) 02:36, 27 April 2010 (UTC)
- It's not a rumour anymore. The team's name has been changed back to Newman/Haas as Carl Lanigan has left the team. Both the team's official website, and the IndyCar Series team's page have been updated to reflect the new name. The entry list for Kansas still refers to it as NHLR, however that list was last published on the 19th, and so is out of date. TheChrisD Rants•Edits 14:40, 27 April 2010 (UTC)
- Please post a link to the press release that confirms this is not a rumor. EeepEeep (talk) 20:38, 28 April 2010 (UTC)
- Seriously? There is no press release. Regardless, there is a wealth of available evidence that confirms that this is anything but a rumor. If you've read the links that have been posted and still somehow think that Lanigan is in the team's name, I'm not sure what else I can tell you. Bduddy (talk) 23:35, 28 April 2010 (UTC)
- I suggest you familiarize yourself with Wikipedia guidelines on verifiabiity, original research, and reliable sources. Whether or not I "still somehow think that Lanigan is in the team's name" is completely irrelevant to the matter. EeepEeep (talk) 09:25, 29 April 2010 (UTC)
- The name change in several other locations, most notably on the IndyCar.com website itself should be more than sufficient verified evidence to necessitate the move. If you're really that pedantic about it, then let's wait until the Kansas entry list is updated and see whether it mentions NHLR or NHR. Or possibly even wait for the first box score reports from practice. Or wait for quali, since I'm sure Versus will mention the change in their program. TheChrisD Rants•Edits 10:18, 29 April 2010 (UTC)
- The Kansas entry list says NHLR: [1]. I'm not being "pedantic"; it's a matter of wikipedia having only the highest quality, verifiable information. We don't need to get the scoop on the motorsports media. If Lanigan has left the team it will be reported in due course, and then wikipedia can be updated. EeepEeep (talk) 20:28, 29 April 2010 (UTC)
- I already noted that the entry list says NHLR, however that list is from the 19th, which is from before this whole issue occured, so it's out of date and useless in this argument. TheChrisD Rants•Edits 22:01, 29 April 2010 (UTC)
- Newer entry list shows Newman-Haas only. End of discussion, page needs to be moved. TheChrisD Rants•Edits 16:04, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
- You seem to have a fundamental misunderstanding of Wikipedia. This is pretty classic original research: you're drawing a conclusion from bits and pieces of evidence, none of which directly verifies the information. It's all just connect-the-dots and speculation. From WP:V: The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth. Without any verifiable source, it would be inappropriate to move this page. At some point the motorsport press will report the name change, at which point it becomes verifiable and this conversation becomes moot. Up until that point whether it's true or not is irrelevant as wikipedia is not a venue for publishing rumors or speculation. Moving this page flies in the face of wikipedia's core principles and would be a destructive act. You're right that this discussion is over; it was over before it began as there is no justification for the move and no basis for debate. EeepEeep (talk) 22:43, 1 May 2010 (UTC)
- How about this: http://www.newman-haas.com/content2010/release_04_28_2010_kansas_preview.html
- I count three references to "Newman/Haas Racing" and five to "NHR". Every source, official or not, since I posted this move request has done likewise. I believe that I have presented more then sufficient evidence that the team's, and the article's, proper name is Newman/Haas Racing-do you have any actual evidence to the contrary? I know Wikipedia's policies, and your standards are far above them-given the current rather depressed state of the IndyCar Series, you are probably not ever going to find anything that meets them... Bduddy (talk) 00:48, 4 May 2010 (UTC)
- "evidence to the contrary" is irrelevant, nor does your evidence really confirm anything. If you really have such trouble understand wikipedia's policies you should stop editing. EeepEeep (talk) 06:59, 4 May 2010 (UTC)
- http://www.indycar.com/news/show/55-izod-indycar-series/37218-indy-500-ties-rahal-to-race-for-father/
- Well, there's another mention of Newman/Haas, straight from the IndyCar website itself. If you're still arguing against it despite the overwhelming evidence from proper sources, there is obviously something wrong with the way you interpret WP policies and everything... TheChrisD Rants•Edits 17:33, 5 May 2010 (UTC)
- So in case any admin ever actually bothers to come over here and make a decision, here's a recap of the evidence:
- -The team's webpage is at http://www.newman-haas.com, and all references on it are to "Newman/Haas Racing". Actually, now that I look at it again, they have edited old press releases to use the new title, which is interesting, but not really relevant here...
- -Their official Twitter and Facebook pages refer to "Newman/Haas Racing", with evidence of a recent change in both cases
- -Their entry on the Indycar webpage, as well as other articles on the same site, are titled "Newman/Haas Racing"
- -Their sidepod at the last race had a Newman/Haas logo (not really good evidence, but it complements everything else) Bduddy (talk) 20:28, 5 May 2010 (UTC)
- Here is Robin Miller's mailbag from yesterday which mentions Lanigan leaving [2]Froo (talk) 16:00, 6 May 2010 (UTC)
- Um, did you read the Miller article. It doesn't actually say that. Which is exactly the point - Miller is a professional and wouldn't print something without a source. Are you more informed that Miller? I find that hard to believe.
- I'm still waiting for this "overwhelming evidence". All you've shown so far is an outdated website and some news reports that use one name, while anyone who's informed about IndyCar racing has seen an equal number of reports that use the other name in the same time frame. There is, disputably, no evidence whatsoever to support this move. Since this is completely, totally, and unambiguously obvious to any reasonable person, it's clear that your intentions are just to be destructive. Congratulations on destroying Wikipedia. Go have a drink and toast to all the silly people who actually care and work towards making Wikipedia useful. Laugh at all the people who foolishly follow Wikipedia policies against including unverified speculation in articles. This is completely wrong, and you know it. EeepEeep (talk) 23:48, 7 May 2010 (UTC)
- User:Bretonbanquet put in Wikipedia:Requested moves#Uncontroversial requests at 21:27, 7 May 2010 this move as uncontroversial. I obeyed it, but I have now reverted that move. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 06:03, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- (In response to EeepEeep) "Out-of-date"? The Newman/Haas webpage contains significant content on the Kansas race that took place last weekend. I'm seriously beginning to think you're not actually reading anything of what's being posted. (To Anthony Appleyard) I placed this page in "Current discussions" about 10 days ago; I'm not exactly sure about how the uncontroversial/contested thing works on that page... Bduddy (talk) 06:07, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- All those issues have been addressed above. If you're confused please go reread the discussion. At this point no one has produced a single shred of verifiable evidence to support the move, so the discussion is closed. If the most respected journalist covering IndyCar racing won't say that the team's name has changed, how can wiipedia possibly say it? None of us are more informed than Robin Miller. When and if this is reported in the press or announced by the team we can move the page, but not a second earlier. If you don't understand that, please review wikipedia policies such as wp:but it's true!, wp:or, and wp:v. EeepEeep (talk) 08:58, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- Their website's head page http://www.newman-haas.com/ says "Newman/Haas Racing". Anthony Appleyard (talk) 09:51, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- Two more recent articles which mention the team as just Newman/Haas: [3] [4] TheChrisD Rants•Edits 11:37, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- Apologies for suggesting that the move was uncontroversial, as I was not aware of this discussion. Another user asked me to move the page, and, on a bit of investigation, it seemed like a very obvious move to make. The team is referred to almost everywhere as "Newman/Haas Racing", including their well-maintained website. I do not understand why this discussion has continued for so long. Bretonbanquet (talk) 12:03, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- Is it really because one (albeit well-respected) journalist hasn't mentioned it yet? We are not obliged to wait for him if sufficient other sources back it up, regardless of an official announcement. Autosport/FORIX refer to the team as "Newman/Haas Racing", and that organisation is as reliable as it gets. This discussion is just obstructive. Bretonbanquet (talk) 12:07, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- What do you think I've been thinking for the past two weeks? It's only the one editor who is against it and they're starting to become uncivil about such an obvious move, just because they feel that it's unverifiable. TheChrisD Rants•Edits 12:11, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- Yes, well I've basically only just arrived at this discussion, for the reason I've described above. My experience is largely within the Formula One WikiProject, where I am certain this would be a very short discussion indeed. The move is perfectly verifiable, as explained by you and others. Bretonbanquet (talk) 12:13, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- Note that there is now no opposition to this move, as EeepEeep is indefinitely blocked, for reasons outside this discussion. I suggest the move go ahead. Bretonbanquet (talk) 23:50, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
- It hardly seems unrelated, as the last two people to go on his little "list" were me and User:TheChrisD, but in any case I certainly agree that this article should be moved, finally, and then revised using what information we have... Bduddy (talk) 04:22, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
- The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
- CLOSING as move: see last message about User:EeepEeep. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:57, 9 May 2010 (UTC)