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Forum Replies Created
April 5, 2014 at 10:45 am #25086
Junior Max Saturday Qualifying
1. Austin Versteeg – 53.967
2. Kyle Wick
3. Callum Smith
4. Sting Ray Robb
5. Chase Farley
6. Enzo Prevost
7. Christian Brooks
8. Corrie Hiatt
9. Phillippe Denes
10. Horatio Fitz-SimonMarch 19, 2014 at 11:37 am #24109OK, I'm signing up…if only to bet against Michigan so I can piss off Cole. This did make it in, right, Cole? Please tell me they're up against Appalachian State in the Round of 64!
March 18, 2014 at 4:25 pm #24056Cole,
I've had good success with the Hilliard Inferno (not sure if Blaze or Flame model) and the MaxTorque during my two outings in the LO206 class.
February 21, 2014 at 4:03 pm #22453Junior Max – Final Practice
1.Christian Brooks (46.876)
2.Phillippe Denis
3.Nick Brueckner
4.Austin Versteeg
5.Sting Ray Robb
6.Jake Boyle
7.Kyle Wick
8.Max Fedler
9.Walker Hess
10.Jeff FulhamFebruary 21, 2014 at 4:01 pm #22452Rotax Masters – Final Practice
1.Ken Maxfield (47.916)
2.Brian Phillipsen
3.Donald Durbin Jr.
4.Larry Hayashigawa
5.Kurt Fisher
6.Justin Peck
7.Jacob Zamora
8.Dave Kunicki
9.James Dix
10.Richard HensleyFebruary 21, 2014 at 3:12 pm #22448MicroMax – Final Practice
1.Diego LaRoque (0.062)
2.Jak Crawford
3.Austin Torgerson
4.Sebastian Davis
5.Tyler Ruth
6.Branyon Tiner
7.AJ Hernandez
8.Cooper Becklin
9.Corbin Emery
10.Cole Keith CothamFebruary 21, 2014 at 2:42 pm #22447Senior Max – Final Practice
1.Louie Pagano (45.714)
2.Jake Craig
3.Phillip Arscott
4.Luke Selliken
5.Carlee Taylor
6.Mason Marotta
7.Blaine Rocha
8.Phil DeLaO
9.Joey Wimsett
10.Andrew WienerFebruary 21, 2014 at 2:38 pm #22446MiniMax-Final Practice
1.Payton Durrant-49.815
2.Jacob Blue Hudson
3.Filip Niemkiewicz
4.Griffin Dowler
5.Zoey Edenholm
6.Colin Queen
7.Conner Wick
8.Hannah Greenemeier
9.Everest Fedler
10.Trey BrownFebruary 21, 2014 at 2:09 pm #22445DD2-Final Practice
1. Bailey Murphy-45.292
2. Sabre Cook
3. Gavin Reichelt
4. Christian Bird
5. Andy Lee
6. Bronson Eggert
7. Matt EnglandDD2 Masters-Final Practice
1. Alan Rudolph (45.109)
2. Ben Johnston
3. Mike UrbanFebruary 21, 2014 at 2:05 pm #22444We are on-track with the Friday afternoon Pre-Qualifying Timed Practice sessions. The order is:
DD2/DD2 Masters
Senior Max
Rotax Masters
Junior MaxWe're working on some equipment upgrades for the live broadcasts and will likely be doing our usual tea, streaming for the laster sessions.
February 15, 2014 at 8:53 am #22059You know, Justin, it just seems like the FIA keeps adjusting the specs and the designers keep manipulating them to the best of their abilities. The simple fact is that the resultant lines are just flat-out ugly. It doesn't matter what changes the FIA makes, maximizing aero is the goal, not matter what the form.
And I agree…the new F1 cars really brutal…almost embarrassing. LOL
February 10, 2014 at 9:31 am #21506Hey Rodney,
Just our luck. David was off today on a family getaway and I'm on the West Coast, so I'm three hours behind on firing up the laptop. It's a conspiracy for sure!!!
We'll address it for the future, that's for sure.
February 7, 2014 at 9:13 am #21132The Maranello karts continue to be run with great success in Canada, as the foundation for Trevor Wickens' Prime Kartsport team. He's focused on running a small squad, but they do extremely well with the Maranello, including back-to-back Canadian National Championships in DD2 Masters with Stuart Clark.
Clark also won the Eastern Canadian Karting Championship (ECKC) on his Maranello in DD2 Masters, and Brendon Bain and Fred Woodley were second and third in the ECKC behind Ben Cooper.
Results point to it being a strong chassis, and in talking to the Prime guys, they love it.
January 31, 2014 at 10:52 am #20747Hey Walt,
Our advertising program is not designed around the 'pay per click' approach. We use a monthly fee for our program. I have worked aggressively in recent years to develop a wider spectrum of benefits for our advertising partners, and the marketing packages they purchase include many different deliverables to fully leverage what we can offer.
EKN is fortunate to have a list of great marketing partners who have worked with us for countless years. It's all about value, in my opinion. If we help them be successful, then we're success in return.
January 6, 2014 at 5:25 pm #19098Thanks to everyone who is supporting Wesley on the fundraiser site. It's incredible to see. I'm sure than Sandra will give us a new update soon.
January 3, 2014 at 4:52 pm #18921hope everything goes well.
I went to school with a person named Wesley Boswell. He was from Illinois at the time. Would there be any coincidence that this person also have been from Illinois in his youth?
I don't think so, Kurt. Wesley's a NorCal native, I think.
January 3, 2014 at 2:10 pm #18910UPDATE!
I just got off the phone with Sandra Booher, who is with Wesley along with her son Austin Elliott and Wesley's family. She's going to get signed up to the forum so she can post updates, but in the meantime, she contacted us directly.
She let me know that Wesley was involved in an car accident late last night in California, having went off the road, eventually hitting a tree. He has broken ribs and a fractured pelvis. There is some concern regarding internal bleeding, but the doctors are running tests and monitoring him closely.
Sandra told me that Wesley is stable and doing better. He is conscious and coherent, and is speaking with everyone, but he's a little foggy due to the meds and doesn't remember much about last night. It is expected that he will be in the hospital for a couple of days. We'll get additional updates as they become available.
Wesley will be on the sidelines on the mend for some time, so we are now in the process of putting together a fundraising effort to help support his loss of income. We'll get this information out once it's finalized.
Sandra also wanted everyone to know that the family is overwhelmed by the outpouring of well wishes. Keep them coming, folks, so Wesley know that we're by his side through this!
December 8, 2013 at 11:02 am #17416Taylor, send us press release on this event and we'll get it posted up on the site! Looks like it would be a blast!
December 6, 2013 at 9:38 am #17298Just to add in a little commentary, here is what I believe you can expect for the 2014 SuperNationals:
1. Live Video – EKN will be producing a live streaming video broadcast in cooperation with SKUSA – my goal is to then use that footage to put together a show for one of the cable channels like MAVTV
2. The class numbers will shrink to shorten the days – I highly doubt any classes will be added at this time
3. KZ will return to the line-up thanks to strong domestic participation this year in the absence of some of the factory efforts
4. A increased focus will be put on improving the quality of the racing
5. There will be an expansion in purse money and prizes
It's all about small improvements each year to make sure the race gets better and better.
November 29, 2013 at 6:52 pm #16781I totally agree, Mike. There is some really nice stuff being built in the US right now. And it's performing well. I raced a Margay 4.11 this year in Ontario, and it's a great kart with incredible finish. It turned alot of heads. I think it they had a dealer in the area, it would do very well.
That said, we're going to start working on some editorial to put the US builders in the spotlight. I've spoken with John Martin for iKart on a number of occasions and I'm excited to learn more about his approach to the chassis design and his plans for 2014 and beyond. We'll be using the 'off-season' to roll out lots of cool and interesting editorial like this.
November 19, 2013 at 5:43 pm #16051The excitement level continues to build here in Las Vegas, as all the teams have moved in and kart prep is wrapping up. We're on-track with the first rounds of practice in the morning and everyone is anxious to get things rolling.
In regards to coverage, we'll be providing straight audio this year, but Tom Kutscher and I spoke today and EKN will be producing a live video broadcast in 2014 to add that component to the event. The lack of video obviously doesn't effect attendance, as SKUSA will top 600 drivers to set a new record. And that's 600 drivers, not 600 'entries'. It's crazy.
We'll work diligently over the off-season to find the commercial sponsorship to make sure that the live video is a straight expense. It will be our first foray into video, and we're looking forward to it.
October 28, 2013 at 4:25 pm #14097Chris,
We've talked about putting together an industry-only restricted forum section to allow interaction between business owners etc. Might be time to pull the trigger on it.
September 27, 2013 at 8:58 am #10883Stay tuned. An official SKUSA release will be coming today.
I've spoken with Tom and this is going to be a big deal, and a great opportunity to promote karting in NorCal.
September 23, 2013 at 9:40 am #10532Thanks Chris. The URLs used by the new site are different from the old format. so we didn't pick up on this. That said, we've added the 'New Topics' link to the 'Forums' drop-down menu in the navigation bar, so reader can click there first, if desired.
Please send me your mailing address and I'll make sure you get an EKN shirt for helping out with some great feedback. Much appreciated!
September 20, 2013 at 1:43 pm #10386Mike, that's an awesome question. I've been working on the editorial for our new Karting 101 section, which will be designed to answer any question someone may have in regards to the sport. The intro section needs to be exactly what you're asking….a clean, clear description of the sport. Essentially, it needs to be our calling card.
I really look forward to reading the replies to see how they jive with my thoughts, and maybe I can see some new viewpoints to include in our editorial.
Thanks for posting this question.
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Mary Law Miller
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I have been a student of my family history since my childhood when I listened to my Grandmother tell family stories. This continued with genealogical trips with my mother, and I continued the tradition with my children. My family has tended to stay in the Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia area.
I'm always eager to meet "new" cousins.
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Mollie Long
Thanks for the corrections and additions, Mary!
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Laura Law
Mary E. Funk Lambert portrait
Mary, I am selling the portrait for $300.00 dollars if you are interested in it or other objects I am giving you first rites.However, you will need to contact me now as I will be moving out before end of summer.
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on Jul 11, 2014 7:30 PM
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Feel free to use my photos in Find A Grave from Highwood Cemetery.
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Aunt Mary died last week and she is buried with her husband. She is on this website.
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joan grubbs
Jacob Wolfe
Hi Mary,
I see that Jacob Wolfe was your 4th Great Grandfather. He was mine also. I was descended from Solomon Wolfe and Jacob George Wolfe, and his daughter Annette (Nettie) was my Great Grandmother. Hope to hear back from you. I have renewed my interest in family genealogy recently and find it fascinating. Almost like putting together a big puzzle and searching for all of the missing pieces.
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RE: Underground Railroad
Thank you, Mary!
I appreciate the info you provided. I had never heard the term 'conductor' used when references were made to the underground railroad. Yes, I knew what it was and to my dismay couldn't believe my daughter thought it was an actual railroad! Either they didn't teach that in school or her mind was absent that day. I want her to read what you sent - thanks again, Mary.
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on Jun 25, 2013 10:59 AM
Sharon Alt Shaffer
Descendant of Jacob Alt 1725
Hi- Michael Alt was also my 5th great grandfather and believe this gravesite is on my cousin's land in Upper Tract, WV if I'm not mistaken. I visited it many times as a child. My great grandfather was George Edward Alt (1889-1980). I come from a long line of Jacob and Michael Alt's before that! Anyway, just recently lost my grandmother, Imogene Shreve Alt, who is buried in Wilson Chapel Cemetery, in Upper Tract. Good to know our bloodline is out there, active and growing!
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richard kimble
RE: M Alt
Sure can, download any that you would like
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Lee Ashmore
Thaddeus Hopkins & Cora Hopkins Sites
Hi Mary,
Please read the bio for Thaddeus Hopkins memorial #89021180 and see if you think Cora is his daughter memorial #48154249.
Thanks so much!
Lee #47026276
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Dora E Niceschwander Isaacks
Jacob Cullers
Mary do you have any info I don't have listed on your fourth ggrandfather.
Dora Eddean Niceschwander Smith
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Ms. Jean M. Ryan
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Occupy Wall Street: Where Everybody Has A Say In Everything
By Zoe Chace
At Zuccotti Park in lower Manhattan, where hundreds of Occupy Wall Street protesters are camped out, there's a big meeting every night at 7:00.
The protesters call it the General Assembly, and it's a meeting where every single person has a say in every single decision that gets made. For the protesters, this is a model society.
It's a model where it takes a really long time to make a decision — like, say, whether to buy more sleeping bags for the group.
I visited the park for a General Assembly earlier this week. Here's what I heard.
Copyright 2011 National Public Radio. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


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Our famous annual Battle of the Bands returns in February! It's a unique event in London, a kaleidoscope of the most original new voices on the contemporary classical scene, from avant-garde classics to new work with electronics, spoken word or improvisation.
Over the last 3 decades, the Remix has become a central form in the world of electronic music and since their inaugural release in 2004 the Remix has become an essential element of the Nonclassical record.


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Freedreno Gallium3D Driver Might Be Merged Soon
Published on 03 February 2013 05:20 AM EST
Written by
Michael Larabel
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The open-source "Freedreno" Gallium3D driver that provides reverse-engineered 3D support for Qualcomm's Adreno/Snapdragon graphics processor is turning out to be in quite good shape. Freedreno is one of the first good ARM Gallium3D drivers and it might soon be merged into Mesa.
Rob Clark talked about his
Gallium3D driver this weekend at FOSDEM in Brussels. This is the
reverse-engineered open-source Qualcomm driver
that he began to work on last April.
While Freedreno is a personal side project mostly just worked on by Clark himself in his spare time, the 2D and 3D reverse-engineered driver support is coming along rather well. Right now he's doing most of his work from an Adreno A220/Z180 (Snapdragon S3) as found on an HP TouchPad. However, he's soon going to be switching over to focusing upon a Google Nexus 4 with an A320.
In terms of EXA/2D accelerated support, all of the basics work and he understands enough of the registers now for the Qualcomm hardware. Rob Clark just needs more time to finish implementing the rest of the support, but all of the basics are in place.
For the more interesting reverse-engineered 3D support with his Gallium3D driver, the 3D basics are working but there are some bugs. Compiz is already running on this driver and other common OpenGL workloads. He's already getting +50% the performance of Qualcomm's official driver for workloads like glmark2, XBMC, Compiz, and Quake 3 Arena.
Freedreno Gallium3D actually works!
Still needed is to understand the command stream for MSAA and mipmap textures. His 3D compiler also needs to add in support to handle loops, optimizing, and hardware binning (tiling).
A video of the entire Freedreno presentation (along with the other X.Org development room talks) will be published on Phoronix in the coming weeks.
In talking with Rob later on in Brussels, he shared that rather soon he expects his Gallium3D driver might be in a state for merging into mainline Mesa. The Gallium3D driver is in relatively good shape for being reverse-engineered, less than one year old, and being largely developed by just himself.
Right now he's relying upon Qualcomm's open-source Linux kernel driver, but he has shared that in the end he might end up writing his own kernel driver too. It will be some time before he looks into this further, but he might end up writing his own Freedreno DRM driver if he ends up hitting enough limitations and problems of Qualcomm's official kernel driver.
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NYU alum (BA journalism and dramatic lit). I like correct spelling. Also, theater.
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I was trying to ask how long Argo is...
Subway artist has clearly seen Starcatcher
My poor boots
Anybody know who this dude is?
I always get Duck Phillips confused with the guy who was the dad on Phil of the Future.
So like how many holes in a sock is too many?
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Gossip girl problems
Are you kidding? Gross, @LesMiserables.
And @nicrolo54 is in the alumni magazine
Weather Puppy.
Love this! Thank god for Twitter @Lin_Manuel
RT @MrDavidGordon: "Why is this cartoon dog cross-eyed?" "Me: You've never heard of 'Tony the Cross-Eyed Dog'?"
On the bus back to BK and the lights are on on the Bowery!!!
In another news this is the only down tree in my neighborhood in Brooklyn
Via @idkmybffRachel
My hurricane preparedness: mixers, candy, Excedrin
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Then you need some soft thick and a bit strechy wooly kind of fabric, felt or fleece. I had somekind of wintercoat lining about 1cm thick. Pin/ tape the fabric on top of the foil. You can stitch it to the papertape form with few stitches here and there. Cut the fabric where it needs, you can use smaller pieces if it doesn't strech that much. You want to end up with one layer of fabric everywhere.
Now you just cover the inside with papertape, on top of the fabric, as many layers you wish. Use quite a lot of water then the tape sticks to the fabric. You can make it as thick as you want, it won't change the shape and the dressform will be stable. I had only one layer of papertape, then I added newspaper layers with wallpaper glue (it's cheaper that way). You could propably skip the paper tape and use only newspaper or paper mache.
I'm sorry I don't have a picture of that step, but you can see some of it in this one taken after the mould was removed.
Dec 21, 2013, 07.53 PMby artist1
I'm confused. tin foil, fleece and layers of tape on the inside? then jersey on outside. Why the fleece on inside???
Jan 5, 2014, 04.16 PMby tyui2
Fleece makes it soft and you can pin to it. Fleece or other soft fabric goes straight under the jersey.
Foil prevents the form sticking to the mould and tape is the actual base (makes the shape) for the dressform.
Aug 1, 2011, 09.51 PMby dreamydeary
Have you found that this held up well over time? I wonder if the felt comes un-stuck with use.
Aug 4, 2011, 07.05 PMby tyui2
Mine is as good as new, It has held up nicely and it has been used quite a lot.
Jan 20, 2010, 03.03 PMby tyui2
I just must add here that you can make your own paste for newspapering/paper mache by simply cooking few tablespoons of flour in about half a litre of water. Almost for free! I just wish I knew this as a child.
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Hyperlite 140 Motive Wakeboard with Frequency Bindings
Sale price: Clearance price: Starting at: Sale starting at: Clearance starting at: Reg. price:
Select the "Economy Shipping" option at checkout.
Free Shipping on orders of $50 or more applies to economy shipping only to US and Canadian addresses on all internet or phone merchandise orders. (Canadian orders will be charged a $3.50 brokerage fee, duty and tax.) Excludes gift cards, orders shipped outside of the US and Canada, expedited or additional shipping and hazardous, special fees. Shipping charges on previous orders will not be reimbursed.
You may also order by calling 1-800-BASS-PRO (1-800-227-7776). Give the phone representative key code L5HA.
Sale price: Clearance price: Starting at: Sale starting at: Clearance starting at: Reg. price:
A great board for beginning to intermediate wakeboarders and riders who just enjoy a smooth flowing ride over the water, the 140 Motive from Hyperlite delivers a mellower turn with a smooth lift off the wake and predictable landings. Sporting many features to help beginning wakeboarders build confidence, the Motive features a more oval shape with a forgiving beveled edge, continuous rocker, and V-Bottom Tunnel for a more forgiving ride. Four molded-in fins add even more stability and control for the rider, while the Motive's dual 1.3'' Disorder fins deliver maximum stability and control. Comes with Frequency Bindings, a true one-size-fits-all boot with three piece construction, a soft molded EVA heel, rear flex zone, and quick-adjust elastic laces. Color: Blue/White.
Manufacturer model #: 23460274.


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Originally published Friday, June 25, 2010 at 4:00 PM
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Create a simple house for orchard mason bees
Here's how to build a bee house. Plus, bee tips and web links to more information about bees and pollinator-friendly plants.
Daily Press (Newport News, Va
Bees need us and we need them.
In your yard, plant a succession of spring, summer and fall flowering plants so bees have a continual source of nectar.
In return, they help pollinate plants in our home vegetable gardens and farm fields.
To further help bees, create simple houses for orchard mason bees. .
Orchard mason bees, smaller than a honey bee and a shiny dark blue in color, do not live in a nest like other bees. They live in wooden blocks but do not drill holes and destroy things like some bees. Instead, the bees use holes that are already available. The male orchard mason bee cannot sting and the female rarely stings.
Here's how to build a bee house, according to the National Wildlife Federation:
Drill it. With drill bits of various sizes, 5/16 of an inch works best for an orchard mason bee, simply take some scrap lumber and drill holes 3 to 5 inches deep but not all the way through the wood block. For example, get a 4-inch square piece of wood and drill holes that are 3 ½ inches deep.
Protect it. Cover the holes with chicken wire to help keep birds away from the bee house.
Place it. Securely place the bee house on the south side of buildings, fence posts or trees.
Then scatter some of the houses through your community.
Bee house tips:
• Do not move bee houses after they are in place until at least November.
• Do not spray strong insecticides on or around bee houses.
• If you build your own bee house, do not use treated wood.
To help pollinators:
• Reduce the use of pesticides or, if possible, stop using them altogether. If you must use an insecticide, apply it in the evening, when many pollinators are inactive.
• Plant native, nectar-producing flowers. Go to http://pollinator.org/guides.htm and type in your Zip code to receive information about pollinators in your area, plus a list of pollinator plants.
• Leave tree stumps, dead branches and rotting trees on your property, if possible. They provide nests for some species of bees.
• When a bee nest is too close to your home, don't destroy it. Contact a local beekeeper or your cooperative extension service to learn how to remove it without harming the bees.
To learn more about bees and other pollinating insects, visit www.fws.gov/pollinators and www.pollinator.org.
You can buy a premade orchard mason bee house at some garden centers and through mail-order sites such as Planet Natural at www.planetnatural.com.
Kathy Van Mullekom is gardening columnist and writer of the weekly Diggin' In column at the Daily Press in Newport News, Va. Contact her: www.dailypress.com/digginblog or firstname.lastname@example.com
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22 Free Crochet Patterns: Afghan Patterns, Crochet Hats, and More
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Lacy Crochet Button
By: Rebekah Fox
In this crochet video for beginners from Rebekah Fox, you'll see how simple it is to crochet a button cover. If you've got a lot of mismatched buttons or you just like the look of a crochet embellished button, you'll love this technique! Bring new life to your clothes and bags with this crochet button pattern.
- One round button in any size or material
- Crochet thread in size 20
- Steel crochet hook in size 10
- Tapestry needle
- Sewing needle and thread
Make magic loop.
Round 1: 10 sc in loop, close loop.
Round 2: Sl st in first sc of rnd 1, ch 2 (counts as hdc now and throughout), hdc in same st as joining, * hdc in next st, 2 hdc in next st, repeat from * around. Join in 2nd ch of ch-2: 15 hdc.
Round 3: Ch 1, 2 sc in same sp as joining. Working in back loops, * sc in next st, 2 sc in next st, repeat from * around. Join in both loops of first sc: 23 sc.
Repeat rnds 2 and 3 until you reach the edge of the button. Remember to insert hook in both loops on rnd 2 and back loops on rnd 3.
Button Edge Round: Ch 1, sc in same sp as joining, sc in each st around; join.
Repeat Button Edge Round until you are halfway to the center of the button back. Weave in thread tail in center of work.
Decrease Round 1: Ch 1, * sc2tog, sc in next st, repeat from * around; join. Tip: If you don't have enough sts at the end of the rnd to make a sc2tog, sc in that st.
Repeat Decrease Round 1 until you are a couple rnds away from button center.
Decrease Round 2: Sc2tog around; join.
Repeat last rnd until back opening is very small.
Finishing: Cut yarn and leave a long tail (about 8 inches). Fasten off and weave thread through remaining sts of last round made by going from front to back of first st and back to front of next stitch; repeat. Gather sts together and pull tightly. Whipstitch opening closed. Weave in tail or leave to help sew button to knitted garment. With sewing thread, go up and down through button holes so crocheted covering will not shift.
Sew button to woven fabrics using sewing needle and thread. You can sew the button on like a shank button or through the button holes.
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Undisputed Champion
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Location: Tejas
Posts: 16,051
Rep Power: 79
I guess Jose Sulaiman is a lying POS then cuz hew told everybody at the WBC convention that Ajose Olusegun is the #1 mandatory challenger for the WBC lightwelterweight title. Here's the link. http://www.12asaltos.com/?p=6280
Undisputed champion
Join Date: Dec 2008
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Points: 300,000,000,008,936.38
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Total Points: 1,454,832,825,485,435.00
Garcia didn't even take a victory lap around the lake yet and they already got Morales lined up as his next opponent? They could have made a better fight than that. Morales lost. Might as well make Khan rematch if Golden Boy is giving losers big title shots.
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BC architects with Adey Tadesse for ABBA architects have won an Holcim Acknowledgement award for sustainable construction for the region Africa Middle East, for AACCSA project in Addis Ababa.
BC architects with Stramien have been commissioned to design the visitors' centre at Huizingen recreational domain.
BC architects with Barbara Lippens architect is commissioned to conceive a masterplan for the Panquin site - old military barracks - in Tervuren, Belgium.
BC studies with Toestand vzw and OST collective are gradually opening up 7 hangars in Materialenkaai Brussels for social and creative uses, linked with surrounding neighborhoods.
BC architects is designing a passive-energy mixed-use building in Vorst, Brussels, with 6 appartments, offices, and underground parking.
Mieke and Sander's house is being built up fast! Construction goes into its last months...
The first library of Muyinga, Burundi, is completed en functional, built up in local laterite earth, as a pilot project for the coming inclusive school for deaf children.
BC Architects is second laureate for this competition entry for vergotedok, proposing urban farming on the roof of this logistics centre.
BC Architects in cooperation with Adey Tadesse from ABBA architects, won the competition for the new Headquarters building of the Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce in Ethiopia.
BC Architects in cooperation with Adey Tadesse have designed eco-tourism facilities with local labour and materials.


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Matt Traylor I think this is one of the most entertaining episodes you've done. Loved the intro! Posted May 25, 2013 at 8:10 pm | Permalink
Jackie Martling I'm strangely fascinated by this product….. Posted May 25, 2013 at 8:27 pm | Permalink
MICHAEL RUNYON I am not a big fan of star wars. even though its my era i am still more of the fast and furious type. HOWEVER that being said this is a very cool product and love the chewbacca hair. Also loved the effects you did with this video. It would be cool if you had time to add the effects ever time. Back when the movie firs came out i remember a guy in fourth grade that couldnt get enough of the original cards. These take me back. Great Job Chris Posted May 25, 2013 at 10:53 pm | Permalink
Corky Congrats on the Chewie relic. The mockup images that they released with the sales materials showed a larger Chewbacca fur relic, but I guess that would end up costing them more in costume purchases. Both the Jabba Barge sail and Ewok fur cards do have large relics like what was shown on the materials. Posted May 26, 2013 at 2:09 am | Permalink
chrisolds Star wars effects on this one makes sense and is a fun gimmick. Anywhere else and it's just tacky. Posted May 26, 2013 at 8:20 am | Permalink
Joe Cecil Pretty cool and interesting but how can you truly know if the chewie and other fur and costume mem are from the real costumes since its several years later now. Posted May 26, 2013 at 11:20 am | Permalink
larry robidoux Great intro and the chewwie card was awesome Posted May 26, 2013 at 7:02 pm | Permalink
afff that chewie relic would be the only card i would want if i baught a box, congrats on the great hit chris Posted May 26, 2013 at 11:08 pm | Permalink


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Book your room at Comfort Suites Lombard - Addison
Suite, Non Smoking
Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)Suite, 1 King Bed with Sofabed, Non Smoking
Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)Suburban hotel with free breakfast and indoor pool
Located in the heart of Lombard, this hotel is 2 mi (3.3 km) from Lilacia Park and 2.6 mi (4.2 km) from Adventist GlenOaks Hospital. Odeum Sports and Expo Center and Bloomingdale Golf Club are also within 6 mi (10 km).
Hotel Features
Along with an indoor pool, this smoke-free hotel has a fitness center and a 24-hour business center. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, coffee/tea in the lobby, a meeting room, and dry cleaning are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 66 rooms provide conveniences like sofa beds and refrigerators, plus free WiFi and flat-screen TVs. Microwaves, coffee makers, and ironing boards are among the other amenities available to guests.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!


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Men's College Basketball | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
· Coaching changes · Conferences · Conference stats · Gaming matchup · Injuries (A-M) · Injuries (N-Z) · News · Current odds · Live odds · Schedule |
· Top 25 scoreboard · Full scoreboard · Statistics Polls: · Associated Press · USA Today Sports coaches poll · Division II · Division III |
· Top-25 Analysis · Top 25 Results · Transactions More Basketball · Women · NBA · WNBA |
The Sports Network DATE & TIME: Thursday, January 2, 8 p.m. (ET) FACTS & STATS: Site: Vadalabene Center (4,000) -- Edwardsville, Illinois. Television: None. Home Record: MSU 5-1, SIUE 3-2. Away Record: MSU 3-4, SIUE 0-6. Neutral Record: MSU 1-1, SIUE 0-2. Conference Record: MSU 0-0, SIUE 0-0. Series Record: Morehead State leads, 5-1. GAME NOTES: Ohio Valley Conference actions starts up on Thursday night, as the SIU Edwardsville Cougars welcome the Morehead State Eagles to the Vadalabene Center. Morehead State finished up non-conference play an impressive 9-6, which included wins in two of its last three against South Dakota (120-83) and most recently versus Asbury-Kentucky on Monday, 102-68. The Eagles have been more vulnerable on the road however, sitting with just a 3-4 record away from home. SIUE had been losers of four straight games, its second such losing streak in the first two months of the season, but it recently snapped out of that funk with a 102-78 triumph over Robert Morris-Springfield on Sunday. The Cougars have still played poorly this season at 3-10, although all three wins have come at home. Morehead State leads the all-time series with SIUE, 5-1, with the Cougars' only win coming at home in February of 2012, 61-53. For the second time in three games and the fourth time overall this season, Morehead State exploded for at least 100 points in its most recent contest, slaying Asbury-Kentucly by shooting 47 percent from the field and earning extra possessions by dominating the turnover (21-14) and rebounding (66-32) battles. Angelo Warner stuffed the stat sheet in the victory with 22 points, eight rebounds, seven assists and three steals, while Chad Posthumus posted his eighth double-double of the season with 17 points and a career-high 20 rebounds. Jordan Percell was also impressive with 19 points, and Kareem Story got the scorers involved with eight assists. The Eagles' handful of offensive outbursts this season have resulted in 79.8 ppg, which is 6.5 ppg more than they allow. They are an outstanding rebounding squad as well (+8.9) thanks largely to Posthumus (10.9 ppg), who ranks second nationally with 12.4 ppg. Warner (17.6 ppg) and Brent Arrington (11.8 ppg) have both drained 27 3-pointers, while Story's 6.5 apg places him 13th in the nation. SIUE had its most impressive offensive performance of the season earlier in the week against Robert Morris-Springfield, as it shot a lofty 65.6 percent from the field, including a blistering 15-of-23 from 3-point range, en route to the 24-point victory. Maurice Wiltz poured in 20 points on 5-of-9 from 3- point range, while Michael Messer came off the bench to score 20 as well, doing his damage on 7-of-10 from the field. Kris Davis chipped in 15 points, Donivine Stewart tallied 12 points and nine assists, Keaton Jackson scored 11 and Christian Salecich netted 10. The Cougars usually piece together a modest offensive attack, as they shoot nearly 46 percent from the field for 72.5 ppg, but unfortunately for them their defensive effort has been one of the worst in the country, allowing 80.5 ppg on 52.2 percent field goal shooting. Stewart is the only player to score in double figures with 10.6 ppg, although in total nine players are able to pour in at least 5.8 ppg. Stewart hands out a team-best 4.0 apg, while Jackson grabs 5.1 rpg. With SIUE showing some promise at the Vadalabene Center (3-2), it has a possibility of stringing together a strong enough performance to pull off an upset, but with Morehead State's red-hot offense facing the Cougars' porous defense, figure for the Eagles to soar to 1-0 in the OVC. Sports Network Predicted Outcome: Morehead State 85, SIU Edwardsville 76 01/02 10:34:19 ET Powered by The Sports Network. |


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Ratings based on 243 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
3.3 Room cleanliness
3.6 Service & staff
3.2 Room comfort
3.0 Hotel condition
They paid and stayed.
We double-checked.
We double-checked.
by A verified traveler
Posted Jan 1, 2015Pros: Leaving
Cons: every thing
Did not had to watch our cars all night, drunks dumping trash from the balcony
by A verified traveler
Nice hotel
Posted Dec 29, 2014Everything was good except for the bed. The bed was VERY hard
for Familiesby Cherriefrom Macclenny
My First Stay
Posted Oct 20, 2014 on Hotels.comI had a great stay. Everyone that I met was very friendly. Looking forward to coming back real soon.
for Everyoneby A verified traveler
Great value for a hotel right on the beach.
Posted Oct 15, 2014Everything was fine and it is very close to everything!
for Everyoneby A verified travelerfrom miami
Posted Oct 14, 2014Pros: Nothing
Cons: Cleanliness,breakfast.
The room smells bad, the carpet is very dirty and the bathroom has mold on the walls
for Everyoneby A verified traveler
Posted Oct 7, 2014
This is our 2nd time staying at this hotel. The hotel is in a good location, within walking distance to a lot of places. The hotel staff has always been VERY nice and helpful.. Some of the rooms could use a little updating or TLC but all i all not a bad place to stay for the price. Love the Tiki Bar and live DJ/Entertainment
for Everyoneby A verified traveler
The hotel was very nice and clean.
Posted Oct 7, 2014Pros: Clean and roomy.
Had a really nice time in Daytona. Went to a concert at Peabody Auditorium which was less than a mile away. The pool and beachfront was just beautiful. I would come back.
by A verified traveler
Posted Sep 29, 2014Pros: nothing
Cons: staff/appeareance
This staff was very unfriendly. We thought we had booked a king size bedroom only to find it was just a preference and received a full size bed. When talking to the staff all I received was there are only 4 rooms available in the whole hotel with king size beds and there was nothing they can do about it. Would not recommend this hotel.
Recommendedby A verified traveler
Great location
Posted Sep 29, 2014 on Hotels.comOverall great experience. Breakfast is below average.
Recommendedby Sandyfrom Florida
Posted Sep 20, 2014 on Hotels.com
It was a nice stay but, we were suppose to get a king size bed, I guess there was a new owner and either he did away with them or after we booked our room he no longer made it available for the price we paid. We were disappointed in that but still had a beautiful view. The continental breakfast is not much to brag about, coffee, juice, cereal and pre-packaged cinnamon rolls with no microwave to heat them up. We would stay there again because the location was great!


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CIRCLE OF LIFE: Hand-cut images made from sterling silver are a cheeky take on the food chain. This one, an image of a salmon and its predator, the bear, are hung from a silver chain and finished with a handmade hook and clasp. GET IT: $115; Online at Shop Willow.
Food Chain Necklace
By Kim Peiffer
Updated at 8:15 AM CST on Tuesday, Jun 1, 2010


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Varsity Rams vs Westover
Mar 5, 2014
62 photos
62 photos
CONTENTSACTIVITIESDEPARTMENTSFALLWINTERSPRINGMEDIAHeadlinesLive BroadcastsArchived BroadcastsVideo ClipsPhoto GalleriesAnnouncementsCalendar/ScheduleiCal CalendarTournamentsContent PagesDocumentsForumsPollsScoreboardContact UsRSS FeedIHIGH LINKS |
School News���
Recent Stories Courtesy of Google NewsJ. Cole's plan for 2014 Forest Hills Drive in Fayetteville will help single moms
Jan 27, 2015 •
Fayetteville Observer
Staff Photo by Andrew Craft. J. Cole talks with students Thursday, March 6, 2014, after the Dreamville/DTLR Boys Reading Club meeting at Westover High School. ... J. Cole brings his 'Dollar & a Dream' tour to North Carolina. J. Cole performs onstage at ... More
Fayetteville teen reported missing
Jan 20, 2015 •
Fayetteville, N.C. — Investigators are seeking the public's help in locating a missing Fayetteville 17-year-old. Sharae Natasha Younger was reported missing by her family on Jan. 8. She was last seen attending classes at Westover High School. Younger ... More
Cape Fear region people serving in the military: Jan. 25
Jan 25, 2015 •
Fayetteville Observer
Spc. Lauren C. Failla has graduated from Army basic combat training at Fort Jackson, Columbia, South Carolina. She is a 2009 graduate of Overhills High School, Spring Lake, and earned a bachelor's degree in 2013 from the University of North Carolina at ... More
Lt. Col. Norbert L. Campbell, 84, of Peachtree City
Jan 13, 2015 •
The Citizen.com
Over the course of two decades, he taught JROTC at Lumberton High School in Lumberton, and Reid Ross High School and Westover High School in Fayetteville, N.C. before retiring again to enjoy his family, friends, and to travel. He was preceded in death ... More
Andre Donaldson hoping to lead turnaround for Westover
Aug 18, 2014 •
Fayetteville Observer
It brings a meltdown to you." This season, Donaldson is hoping to help lead the Wolverines, under the direction of new coach Stephen Roberson, away from their recent struggles. Donaldson said his father moved the family to Fayetteville in hopes that ... More
Westover High School principal selected for the Aspiring Superintendent ...
Jul 15, 2014 •
Fayetteville Observer
Westover High School principal Thomas Benson has been selected to participate in a two-year program that aims to increase the number of well-prepared potential superintendents in North Carolina. Benson is one of 20 people selected for the Aspiring ... More
Fayetteville rapper J. Cole returns home for annual Dreamville Weekend
Mar 6, 2014 •
Fayetteville Observer
J. Cole talks with students Thursday, March 6, 2014, after the Dreamville/DTLR Boys Reading Club meeting at Westover High School. Previous ... Fayetteville rapper J. Cole was just one of the boys Thursday during a visit to Westover High School. He ... More
Spring Lake man dies after being shot at Fayetteville house party
Dec 14, 2014 •
Fayetteville Observer
The 19-year-old, a 2013 graduate of Westover High School, was killed in the crossfire between two rival gangs. Before going to the party, he had been at an anti-violence rally. With the rash of shootings related to house parties and involving the city ... More
Photo GalleriesVarsity Rams vs WestoverMar 5, 2014
62 photos Varsity/JV Rams vs WestoverMar 1, 2014
103 photos Two Rivers Jamboree: @ Swett!Aug 10, 2012
101 photos Baseball/Softball SlugFest Highlights:Day 1!Apr 7, 2012
129 photos MLK JAMBOREE: Pine Forest/WestoverJan 17, 2012
78 photos Varsity Football 2011Sep 24, 2011
1 photo Schedules/Rosters/Content
Recent Documents
PartnerLocal WeatherTwitter FeedCountdownWestover High School Schedule


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- Mark Garrison
108 East 60th Street, 212-400-8000
Mark Garrison's new salon looks like an Ian Schrager hotel gone uptown: Upper East Side townhouse setting, white walls, frosted glass. At 7,000 square feet, 46 stations, and five floors, it's double the size of Garrison's old Madison Avenue home and a testament to the skill with which he's tended to A-list tresses (Ashley Judd, Sandra Bullock, Matthew McConaughey) for the past seven years. What sets Garrison ($275) apart from his peers is the simple fact that almost every afternoon, he can actually be found overseeing his crew in person—a rarity for any celebrity, let alone a hairdresser.
Best New Salon
From the 2004 Best of New York issue of New York Magazine
Where can you find the city's top dog groomer? Last-minute tailor? Beef tongue? We eat, drink, dance, shop, shvitz, and trampoline our way around the city, not to mention poll scores of in-the-know colleagues, hard-partying friends, opinionated family members, and, this year, a team of guest expert bloggers to bring you answers to all of the above questions, and hundreds more, in the form of our annual Best of New York issue.


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Do you think wearing on-body cameras on duty should be mandatory?
Pensacola (Fla.) Police Officer Christopher Geraci was fired by his chief for allegedly using excessive force on a hit-and-run suspect during this traffic stop. Read the full story here.
The city of Owasso, Okla., is seeking to re-fire Lt. Mike Denton, whose earlier termination was overturned by an arbitrator. Lt. Denton was captured on video striking an intoxicated subject three times with his elbow. Read the full story here.
The New Jersey State Police have acknowledged that troopers used unreasonable force on a mentally disabled James Bayliss during this May 16, 2009 traffic stop. Read the full story here.
A hospital security videotape shows a Meriden (Conn.) Police officer throwing several punches at a man already on the ground. Read the full story here.


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Apparently, that "sacrifice" might be Jane Foster, who is shown in the clutches of Malekith. Does Jane hold some kind of secret power within her? Is it, like, the power of love? One of the most interesting things about Thor, compared to the other Marvel franchises, is that it took pretty significant liberties with its female lead. So The Dark World is in pretty new territory with the Jane Foster character.
"NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!" screams Thor, presumably upset.
(Page 11 of 12)


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Successful antiretroviral treatment programs in rural sub-Saharan Africa may face different challenges than programs in urban areas. The objective of this study was to identify patient characteristics, barriers to care, and treatment responses of HIV-infected children seeking care in rural Zambia.
Cross-sectional analysis of HIV-infected children seeking care at Macha Hospital in rural southern Zambia. Information was collected from caretakers and medical records.
192 HIV-infected children were enrolled from September 2007 through September 2008, 28% of whom were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at enrollment. The median age was 3.3 years for children not receiving ART (IQR 1.8, 6.7) and 4.5 years for children receiving ART (IQR 2.7, 8.6). 91% travelled more than one hour to the clinic and 26% travelled more than 5 hours. Most participants (73%) reported difficulties accessing the clinic, including insufficient money (60%), lack of transportation (54%) and roads in poor condition (32%). The 54 children who were receiving ART at study enrollment had been on ART a median of 8.6 months (IQR: 2.7, 19.5). The median percentage of CD4+ T cells was 12.4 (IQR: 9.2, 18.6) at the start of ART, and increased to 28.6 (IQR: 23.5, 36.1) at the initial study visit. However, the proportion of children who were underweight decreased only slightly, from 70% at initiation of ART to 61% at the initial study visit.
HIV-infected children in rural southern Zambia have long travel times to access care and may have poorer weight gain on ART than children in urban areas. Despite these barriers, these children had a substantial rise in CD4+ T cell counts in the first year of ART although longer follow-up may indicate these gains are not sustained.
An estimated 2 million children under the age of 15 were living with HIV infection at the end of 2007, with almost 90% residing in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. Since the World Health Organization launched the '3 by 5' campaign in 2003 [2], dramatic improvements have been made to increase access to life-prolonging treatment for children in developing countries, with the number of children in sub-Saharan Africa receiving antiretroviral therapy increasing from approximately 50,000 in 2005 to over 150,000 by the end of 2007 [3].
Despite initial reservations about the implementation of antiretroviral treatment programs in Africa [4,5], recent reports demonstrate that treatment programs for HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa can achieve outcomes similar to those in North America and Europe [6]. However, as the rollout of ART continues, concerns have been raised about how equitably access to ART has been distributed within countries [7-9]. HIV care services have primarily been implemented in urban areas and have lagged behind in rural areas, where there are shortages of trained personnel and the health care system faces many challenges [10]. Barriers faced by residents in rural areas may prevent them from accessing HIV care, including lower treatment literacy [11], greater distances and travel times to clinics [3], and fewer financial resources for transportation [12,13].
To address these issues, decentralized models for health care delivery have been developed to increase access to care in several rural settings [14-18]. Initial reports from rural programs have been promising [16-20]; however, further evaluation of rural HIV care programs is needed to understand the challenges to the care and treatment of HIV-infected persons, particularly children. We evaluated barriers to the care of HIV-infected children attending an HIV clinic in rural southern Zambia, with the goal of developing strategies to optimize the care of these children.
Study setting and population
HIV-infected children younger than 16 years and attending the Antiretroviral Clinic at Macha Hospital in Macha, Zambia were eligible for enrollment. Macha is located in Southern Province, approximately 80 km from the nearest town of Choma. The catchment area of Macha Hospital is populated by traditional villagers living in small, scattered homesteads, with an estimated population density of 25 persons per km2 (P. Thuma, unpublished data). Macha Hospital is a 208-bed hospital administered by the Zambian Brethren in Christ Church that functions within the healthcare system of the Ministry of Health. The hospital serves as a district-level referral hospital for smaller hospitals and rural health centers within an 80 km radius, serving a population of over 150,000 persons. Macha Hospital provides care to approximately 4000 HIV-infected adults and children through the Government of Zambia's antiretroviral treatment program, with additional support from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the non governmental organization, AidsRelief. A program to prevent maternal-to-child HIV transmission began at Macha Hospital simultaneous with the implementation of the ART clinic in 2005.
HIV-infected children are referred to the clinic from voluntary counseling and testing programs, outpatient clinics and hospitals. Since February 2008, children born to HIV-infected women are routinely tested for HIV infection at approximately 6 weeks of age, using dried blood spot samples and HIV DNA PCR performed in Lusaka, Zambia. Clinical care is provided without charge by medical doctors and clinical officers, and adherence counseling by nurses and trained counselors. Home visits are attempted for persons who fail to return for scheduled follow-up visits. Children were considered eligible for antiretroviral therapy if they had WHO stage 3 or 4 disease, or a CD4+ T cell percentage of <25% for children ≤ 11 months of age, < 20% for children 12-35 months of age, or <15% for children ≥ 36 months of age. The first-line antiretroviral treatment regimen consists of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (lamivudine plus zidovudine or stavudine) and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (efavirenz or nevirapine).
Study procedures
This cross-sectional analysis was conducted within the context of an observational cohort study. HIV-infected children seeking outpatient care at Macha Mission Hospital, Choma, Zambia were prospectively enrolled into an observational cohort study beginning in September 2007 after written informed consent was obtained from a parent or guardian. The caretakers of all children who were asked to participate agreed to enroll in the study. A questionnaire developed by the study team was administered to the parent or guardian and the child was examined at the initial study visit and at each follow-up visit occurring approximately every three months. Blood specimens were collected in EDTA tubes as part of routine clinical care. Information from before study enrollment was abstracted from medical records. CD4+ T cell counts and percentages were measured using the Guava Easy CD4 system (Guava Technologies, Inc., Hayward, CA), and hemoglobin was measured using the ABX MICROS 60 (Hariba ABX, France). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Zambia, the Ministry of Health, Republic of Zambia and the Institutional Review Board of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
For the present analysis, information was used from the initial study visit for HIV-infected children enrolled into the cohort study between September 2007 and September 2008. Children were classified as HIV-infected if they were older than 18 months with a positive serological test, younger than 18 months with confirmed infection by PCR either prior to or within 3 months of the initial study visit, or younger than 18 months with a positive serological test and either eligible for ART based on the 2006 WHO treatment guidelines or receiving ART at the initial study visit.
Statistical Analysis
Data were entered in duplicate using EpiInfo (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and analyses were conducted in SAS for Windows version 9.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Proportions are reported for categorical variables and differences were tested using chi-square tests. Medians and interquartile ranges are reported for continuous variables and differences were tested using Wilcoxon rank sum tests.
Children were categorized according to their use of ART at the time of the first study visit. Children who were not on ART were further categorized by eligibility for ART, as defined by the 2006 WHO treatment guidelines [21]. If laboratory results were not available at a specified clinic visit, results were used within a 3-month period (3 months prior for children initiating ART). Weight-for-age z-scores were calculated based on the WHO growth standards [22] and children with z-scores below -2 were defined as underweight. A measure of socio-economic status (SES) was calculated based on the Demographic and Health Survey SES scale used in Zambia [23]. SES percentiles were based on the predetermined cutoffs (<25th = 0-6; 26-50th = 7-12; 51-75th = 13-18; >75th = 19-24).
Characteristics of study children
192 HIV-infected children were enrolled, 54 (28%) of whom were receiving ART at the initial study visit. These children represent approximately 70% of all HIV-infected children with at least one clinic visit between September 2007 and September 2008. The median age was 3.5 years (IQR: 1.9, 7.4; range: 0.3, 15.6) and 47% were boys (Table 1). The majority of children were cared for by a parent (74%), although 35% had lost one or both parents, and the majority of parents (96%) reported signs and symptoms of disease at the time of the initial clinic visit. Most children whose primary caregiver was not a parent were cared for by other family members, primarily a grandparent. The median age of the primary caregiver was 35.8 years (IQR: 30.3, 43.6) and their educational status was low, with 61% of caregivers achieving at most a primary level of education, and only 52% of these caregivers completed grade 7. The socioeconomic status of the households also was low, with 70% of children living below the 25th percentile. Children receiving ART at the initial study visit were older (median age: 4.5 vs. 3.3 years) and were more likely to be male (67% vs. 40%), but were otherwise similar to children who were not receiving ART at the initial study visit. The use of antiretrovirals to prevent mother-to-child transmission in the study population was uncommon; seven children (4%), none of whom were receiving ART, received antiretrovirals in the perinatal period as confirmed by the medical record (n = 6) or self-report (n = 1).
Table 1. Characteristics of HIV-infected children in the ART clinic in Macha, Zambia (2007 to 2008)
Disclosure of HIV-infection status
As the study population was young, few children (3%) were reported to be aware of their HIV infection status. Among older children, only 5 (17%) of 29 children older than 10 years were aware of their status, with significantly more children receiving ART aware of their status (33% vs. 6%; P = 0.05). Of those children who were not informed of their HIV infection status, 83% were reported to be aware that they were sick (88% on ART vs. 81% not on ART; P = 0.70). Caregivers were asked to provide reasons for non-disclosure, and the primary reason (88%) was because they felt the child was too young to know. Forty-two percent of caregivers also reported that they had not disclosed the child's status because they were afraid to tell the child, 21% because they did not know how to tell the child, and 17% because they felt that it was not good for the child to know their HIV infection status.
Among all caregivers, 97% reported that someone other than themselves or the child was aware of the child's HIV infection status, with 47% reporting that only other family members had been told, 49% reporting that family members as well as others in the community (mostly neighbors) had been told, and 1% reporting that only other non-family members had been told. Significantly more caregivers of children on ART had disclosed to both family members and others in the community compared to children not receiving treatment (86% vs. 36%, P < 0.0001). Few caregivers (2%) reported being fearful of others finding out about their child's HIV infection status, or felt that they (3%) or their children (6%) were stigmatized because of their child's status. Significantly more caregivers of children on ART reported that they (9% vs. 1%, P = 0.004) or their child (16% vs. 2%, P = 0.0008) had been stigmatized. Among caregivers who reported feeling stigmatized, their children primarily experienced rejection by family (60%) and friends (50%), while the caregivers experienced rejection by their family (60%) and community (60%).
Clinic access
Children and their caregivers travelled an estimated median distance of 28 km (IQR: 18, 45) to attend the clinic. The majority of participants used a single mode of transportation, including walking (30%), cycling (39%) or public transportation (31%). The majority (91%) of participants travelled more than one hour to the clinic, with 26% travelling more than 5 hours (Figure 1). For participants who used motorized vehicles, 53% spent more than 20,000 ZMK (approximately 5 USD at that time) of their own (54%) or their family's (46%) money for transportation. No significant differences were found in mode, time or cost of transportation between children who were and were not receiving ART at study enrollment.
Figure 1. Method of transportation and travel time to the ART clinic among HIV-infected children. Note: Modes of transportation are not mutually exclusive.
Seventy-three percent of participants reported ever experiencing problems accessing the clinic (Figure 2), primarily due to lack of money (60%), transportation (54%), and because roads were in poor condition (32%). No caretakers reported problems attending the clinic due to lack of time, forgetting about appointments or inability to find childcare. Caretakers tended to report more problems accessing the clinic during the rainy season (78%) from mid-November to mid-April than during the dry season (67%, P = 0.2). Significantly more children not receiving ART reported problems attending the clinic than children receiving ART (79% vs. 59%, P = 0.01).
Figure 2. Problems experienced by HIV-infected children and their caregivers in travelling to the ART clinic in Macha, Zambia.
Characteristics of children not receiving ART at the initial study visit
138 HIV-infected children were not receiving ART at study enrollment (Table 2). These children had been followed in the clinic a median of 3.2 months before study enrollment (IQR: 0.5, 10.1). The median percentage of CD4+ T cells was 20.7 (IQR: 16.0, 30.0), but 37% of children were severely immunosuppressed. In addition, 54% of children were classified as WHO stage 3 or 4 at the initial study visit. In this group, 79 (60%) children were eligible at the initial study visit to start treatment based on the 2006 WHO treatment guidelines [21]. These children had been followed in the clinic a median of 2.8 months (IQR: 0.4, 9.0), and for 14% of children this visit represented their first visit in the clinic. Children eligible for treatment were significantly younger (2.3 vs. 3.6), had lower median WAZ (-2.4 vs. -2.1), and, as expected, had a lower median percentage of CD4+ T cells (17.4 vs. 29.6) and higher stage of disease progression (78% classified as WHO stage 3 or 4 vs. 0%). Based upon detailed review of the medical records of those children deemed eligible for ART at the initial study visit and who had been followed at the clinic a sufficient length of time to have a potential delay in initiation of ART, the most common reasons for a potential delay were loss to follow-up (10 children), concurrent tuberculosis (9 children) and need for adherence counseling (3 children).
Table 2. Characteristics at study enrollment of HIV-infected children not receiving ART
Response to therapy among children receiving ART at the initial study visit
54 children were receiving ART at study enrollment (Table 3). These children had been followed in the clinic a median of 13.6 months (IQR: 6.4, 23.2) and had been on ART a median of 8.6 months (IQR: 2.7, 19.5). The median percentage of CD4+ T cells was 12.4 (IQR: 9.2, 18.6) at the start of ART and increased to 28.6 (IQR: 23.5, 36.1) at the initial study visit. The median increase in percentage of CD4+ T cells from ART initiation to the initial study visit was 18.1 (IQR: 6.0, 26.8). The percentage of CD4+ T cells increased with the duration of ART use (Figure 3). The proportion of children with a percentage of CD4+ T cells greater than 25% increased from 64% among those who had received ART for less than 12 months (n = 22) to 83% among those who had received ART for at least 12 months (n = 18). Children were not consistently classified according to WHO clinical stage; however, among those with WHO staging available (28 at ART initiation and 34 at the initial study visit) there was a decrease in the proportion of children in stage 3 or 4 from 89% at ART initiation to 65% at the initial study visit. However, the proportion of children who were underweight decreased only slightly, from 70% at ART initiation to 60.5% at the initial study visit for 37 children with available data. WAZ scores increased a median of 0.24 (IQR: -0.57, 0.84) from initiation of ART to the initial study visit.
Table 3. Characteristics of children receiving ART (n = 54)
Figure 3. Percentage of CD4+ T cells after ART initiation for HIV infected children in Macha, Zambia.
ART regimens and adherence
ART regimens at treatment initiation and the initial study visit consisted of a combination of 2 NRTIs and 1 NNRTI. Side effects were rarely reported, with only two children reporting a rash and one child reporting headaches after treatment initiation. A median of two adults (IQR: 2-3) were involved in supervising the administration of ART. The primary person responsible for ART administration was the child's mother (56%). Sixty-one percent of children were living in households where at least one other person, primarily a parent, also was receiving ART. Among respondents, 22% of 41 reported problems with adherence. Among those who did, the primary reasons for a child missing a dose were forgetting (n = 2), the pills being either too numerous (n = 1) or too large to swallow (n = 1), the child refusing (n = 1), side effects (n = 2), the caregiver being away (n = 1), and finishing the supply of drugs prior to the next clinic appointment (n = 1).
Most assessments of the care of HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa have been from urban sites, often from established research programs [6]. Our observations highlight barriers to the care of HIV-infected children unique to rural settings, specifically long travel times and lack of transportation, but are encouraging in that age at clinic enrollment and immunologic outcomes in the first year of treatment did not differ substantially from published reports on the care of HIV-infected children in urban sub-Saharan Africa. These findings suggest that the barriers to the care of HIV-infected children in rural settings do not pose insurmountable obstacles to desirable treatment outcomes.
The median age of HIV-infected children receiving care in rural southern Zambia was younger than commonly reported (4.5 years for children receiving ART and 3.3 years for children not receiving ART). Among studies reporting the effectiveness of pediatric ART in sub-Saharan Africa, 73% of 26 studies reported a median or mean age of five years or older at initiation of ART [6]. In Lusaka, Zambia, the median age at which HIV-infected children began care was 5.4 years (IQR: 1.9, 9.5) [24]. Thus, compared to this urban Zambian pediatric cohort, children accessing care in this rural setting do not appear to face additional delays; however, the number of children undiagnosed or not accessing care is not known. There is urgent need to diagnose HIV infection and initiate ART within the first year of life given the high mortality rate in early childhood [25] and the demonstrated benefits of initiating treatment in early infancy [26]. In rural Zambia, as elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, children accessing care are a subset of HIV-infected children with slower disease progression. At Macha Hospital, infant diagnosis of HIV infection using dried blood spots and PCR was introduced in February 2008, and is likely to reduce the age at which HIV-infected children enter care.
One of the major barriers to care in rural sub-Saharan Africa is access to health facilities. In rural southern Zambia, more than 90% of HIV-infected children travelled more than one hour to the clinic and more than one quarter travelled more than five hours. Lack of transportation, insufficient financial resources and poor roads were commonly cited obstacles to accessing the clinic, particularly during the rainy season. Such obstacles are unlikely to be major barriers to care in urban settings and could result in suboptimal treatment outcomes for HIV-infected children residing in rural areas. Significantly more children not on ART reported problems accessing the clinic but the reasons are unknown. It may be that caregivers who have committed to providing ART for their child perceive fewer problems, as the journey to and from the clinic has become routine.
The majority of children (78%) were not receiving ART at the time of study entry. Although these children were followed for only a median of 3.2 months, some were deemed eligible for ART at study entry. Over a third were severely immunosuppressed and slightly more than half were classified as WHO stage 3 or 4 at the initial study visit. Consequently, many of these children were eligible for ART at the study visit according to the WHO guidelines. However, many met criteria for WHO stage 3 because of poor nutritional status, which in this setting does not necessarily represent advanced HIV disease and is not in itself a criterion for treatment initiation. In addition, many children had not been followed in the clinic long enough to fulfill the requirements for treatment initiation, including eligibility and adherence visits. For children who had been in the clinic a sufficient time, delayed initiation of ART could have resulted from biomedical, social or health care-associated factors. In a study conducted in Pretoria, South Africa, reasons for delayed initiation of ART among 147 eligible, HIV-infected children included: tuberculosis co-infection (26%); inadequate clinic staffing (20%); social problems, including lack of transportation, absence of legal guardian and denial (17%); and inaccurate clinical or immunological staging (14%) [27]. In this study, delays in initiation of ART most frequently resulted from loss to follow-up or concurrent tuberculosis. Given the advanced clinical and immunological stages at which children entered the clinic, delays in ART initiation could be detrimental, leading to higher pre-ART mortality [28], more rapid disease progression [26], or poorer response to treatment.
In rural Zambia, three quarters of the HIV-infected children seeking care had a parent as the primary caregiver, although one third had lost at least one parent. Children who are orphans [29] and children whose primary caregiver is not a parent [30] may be at increased risk for non-adherence to the antiretroviral regimen. Few children, even among the older age groups, were reported to be aware of their HIV-infection status, primarily because the caregivers thought the child too young to be told the diagnosis or they were afraid to tell the child. However, this finding must be interpreted with caution as this information was reported by the caregiver rather than the child and may be an underestimate of the children's true knowledge of their status.
Despite these barriers, the 54 children receiving ART at study entry achieved good immunological responses, with the percentage of CD4+ T cells increasing a median of 17.6% after a median of 8.1 months of therapy. This compares favorably with 28 published studies of the immunological response to ART among HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa residing largely in urban settings, in which the median gain in percentage of CD4+ T cells was 7-14% at 6-8 months and 10-16% at 12-15 months of therapy [6]. In contrast, weight gain among HIV-infected children receiving ART in rural Zambia did not achieve the levels reported elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, with WAZ scores increasing a median of 0.24 after receiving ART a median of 8.6 months. Among 17 published studies that reported nutritional outcomes, weight-for-age Z scores improved by 1 SD after twelve months of ART [6]. Similarly, among 749 HIV-infected Ugandan children who received ART for a mean of 6 months, the mean weight-for-age Z score increased from -3.2 to -2.1 over the study period [31]. HIV-infected children receiving ART in rural sub-Saharan Africa may have poorer weight gain because of lower dietary intake than children residing in urban areas.
HIV-infected children in rural southern Zambia have long travel times to access care and may have poorer weight gain on ART than children in urban areas. Despite these barriers, children in rural Zambia had a substantial rise in CD4+ T cell counts in the first year of ART although longer follow-up may indicate these gains are not sustained. Developing strategies to improve access to care and nutrition will be necessary to ensure optimal, long-term treatment outcomes for HIV-infected children residing in rural sub-Saharan Africa.
List of Abbreviations
3TC: lamivudine; ART: antiretroviral therapy; AZT: zidovudine; d4T: stavudine; EFV: efavirenz; IQR: interquartile range; NVP: nevirapine; SES: socio-economic status; USD: United States dollar; WAZ: weight-for-age Z-score; WHO: World Health Organization; ZMK: Zambian Kwacha
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
JHvD conceived of the study, supervised the implementation of the study in Zambia, and participated in the writing of the manuscript. CGS performed the data analysis and participated in the writing of the manuscript. BM was responsible for study recruitment and implementation, and reviewed the final manuscript. FH was responsible for study recruitment and implementation, and reviewed the final manuscript. PET supervised the implementation of the study in Zambia and participated in the writing of the manuscript. WJM conceived of the study, supervised the implementation of the study in the US and participated in the writing of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank the children and their parents for participating in the study, and the staff at the HIV clinic who assisted with the study. We thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.
This work was made possible by support from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Cooperative Agreement U62/CCU322428 from the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Global AIDS Program. The findings and conclusions included in its content are solely the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
CGS was supported by a Doctoral Research Award in the area of HIV research from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Funders of this study had no part in the design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation of the findings of this study, and did not take part in the writing or the decision to publish this manuscript.
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One person is dead after a fatal wreck in Pickens County.
According to South Carolina Highway Patrol, the wreck happened around 1:30 Saturday afternoon on Popefield Road, just outside Easley.
Pickens County Coroner Kandy Kelley identified the victim as Samuel Ralph Scott, 89, of Easley.
Scott was driving a 2009 Toyota four-door vehicle was driving east on Popefield Road when it crossed the center line and struck another vehicle head on.
Scott was transported to Greenville Memorial where he later died from his injuries.
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Jennifer Lopez Goes White For a Working Lunch in LA
Jennifer Lopez paired a leopard clutch and heels with an all-white ensemble for lunch with her manager, Benny Medina, in LA yesterday. She left the restaurant smiling as she chatted with Benny on the way to her car. It's been quite a month for Jennifer, who has been busy promoting her latest film, Parker, around the US last week. Jennifer wore a revealing sheer dress to premiere the film in Las Vegas with costar Jason Statham, and she also debuted the movie in NYC. While she was in the Big Apple, she fit in stops on The Daily Show and Good Morning America. Through it all she had the support of her boyfriend, Casper Smart, who was also by her side over the weekend when Jennifer spent time with fans in Santa Monica.
Read More Benny MedinaJennifer Lopez
Jennifer Lopez
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Kate Moss Bikini Pictures in Saint-Tropez
Kate Moss Dives Right Into Bikini Life in Saint-Tropez
Kate Moss Dives Right Into Bikini Life in Saint-Tropez
Kate Moss, her daughter Lila Grace, and some of their girlfriends enjoyed a relaxing weekend full of sun, bikinis, and swimming in Saint-Tropez. Kate donned a series of cute summery outfits and two-piece suits to soak in the rays. Kate's husband Jamie Hince didn't seem to be along for this vacation, though the lovebirds did go on a PDA-and-swimsuit-filled yachting trip together to mark their first wedding anniversary in July. Kate earned her right to let loose after a very successful appearance at the London Olympics closing ceremony. Kate joined fellow supermodels including Naomi Campbell and Karen Elson to do a mini fashion show on the giant catwalk.
Kate Moss
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Spotlighting School of Education leaders from Rasmussen College, the education blog features in-field teacher blog posts from the early childhood education sphere.
Featured Article
Top 5 Education Blog Posts from 2014
What have you missed in 2014? We take a look back at our most popular blog posts of the year.


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Dr. Kathryn T. Donesa-Zuzak, MD
Family Medicine, Chandler Family Health Center
- 811 S Hamilton St
Chandler, AZ 85225 - 1 Office Location
- (480) 344-6100
Dr. Kathryn T. Donesa-Zuzak graduated from the University of Hawaii Burns School of Medicine in 1997. She works in Chandler, AZ and specializes in Family Medicine. Dr. Donesa-Zuzak is affiliated with Maricopa Integrated Health System. She speaks English, Spanish and Vietnamese.
Gender: Female
Years in Practice: 18 Years
Languages Spoken: English, Spanish, Vietnamese
Medical School: University of Hawaii Burns School of Medicine
Graduation Date: 1997
Hospital Affiliations: Maricopa Integrated Health System
Specialties: Family Medicine


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Dance song in the Marabi style
Nimrod H Makanya
The Bantu Glee Singers
Nimrod Makanya (Leader)
The Bantu Glee Singers (Performer)
78 RPM shellac record
Sound Forge V.8
Technics SP - 10MK II direct drive turntable
Vestax BDT - 2500 belt drive turntable
Studer Revox Interface SP 10-8
Shellac record number: CR0660
Master number: GU113
Recording number: OT924
International Library of African Music
International Library of African Music