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Contradicting her previous statement that she would comply with a judicial order to consider the post-election recount tallies from several counties (see Evening, November 14, 2000), Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris, the co-chair of Florida's Bush campaign team (see After 3:30 a.m. November 8, 2000 and After), asks the Florida Supreme Court to force Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach Counties to end their manual recounts (see November 14, 2000, 3:40 p.m. November 15, 2000, and 4:30 p.m. November 14, 2000) "pending resolution as to whether any basis exists to modify the certified results" after the November 14, 2000 deadline. Harris argues that manual recounts threaten "the integrity of the ballots." Harris previously imposed a November 14 deadline for all ballots to be counted and results certified (see 9:00 a.m. November 13, 2000). Palm Beach County officials ask the Florida Supreme Court to decide if they can manually recount their ballots. At 5:00 p.m., the Court rejects Harris's request to stop the recounts. [Consortium News, 11/19/2000; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Leip, 2008] A judge has already ruled that Harris can refuse to consider recount results submitted after her deadline (see Afternoon, November 14, 2000). A Gore campaign spokesman later says that considering the obstacles Harris has placed in the way of the hand recounts, the situation is analogous to a policeman forcing a motorist to pull over, then blaming him for the traffic piling up behind him. Bush spokeswoman Karen Hughes counters with the accusation that the counties still engaged in recounts are "no longer counting ballots; they are 'reinventing' them." And James Baker, the head of the Bush "quick response" recount team, accuses the manual recounters of "subjective" attempts to "divine the intent of the voter." Such recounts, Baker says, present "tremendous opportunities for human error and… mischief." Both Hughes's and Baker's remarks are apparently intended to imply deliberate falsification of vote tallies, and echo similar charges made by Rush Limbaugh and other conservative media figures. Gore officials note that George W. Bush has picked up 418 votes in manual recounts in six counties: Franklin, Hamilton, Seminole, Washington, Taylor, and Lafayette. The Bush campaign, the Gore officials say, was eager to have those votes added in with the totals. Baker's counterpart on the Gore team, Warren Christopher, says the fact that "Republicans have hand counted in many of the counties themselves" (see November 19, 2000) belies Republican charges that "we have picked out a certain few counties." The Bush campaign has also picked up 143 votes from recounting in Volusia County. [Consortium News, 11/19/2000; Consortium News, 11/27/2000]
Entity Tags: County of Miami-Dade (Florida), Rush Limbaugh, County of Lafayette (Florida), County of Franklin (Florida), County of Broward (Florida), Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, Katherine Harris, Karen Hughes, Warren Christopher, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, County of Volusia (Florida), County of Washington (Florida), County of Taylor (Florida), County of Palm Beach (Florida), County of Seminole (Florida), James A. Baker, George W. Bush, Florida Supreme Court, County of Hamilton (Florida)
Timeline Tags: 2000 Elections
The Florida Supreme Court rules that Palm Beach and Broward Counties can proceed with a manual recount of ballots (see 4:30 p.m. November 14, 2000, 3:40 p.m. November 15, 2000, and Early Morning, November 16, 2000). Almost immediately, Palm Beach officials announce that they will begin that recount. The Court rules that a state judge must decide if the recount totals must be accepted. [US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008]
Entity Tags: County of Palm Beach (Florida), County of Broward (Florida), Florida Supreme Court
Leon County Judge Terry Lewis rules that Florida law gives Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris, the co-chair of Florida's Bush campaign team (see After 3:30 a.m. November 8, 2000 and After), "broad discretionary authority to accept or reject late-filed returns," referring to recounts submitted after Harris's November 14 deadline (see 9:14 p.m., November 15, 2000). After Lewis issues his ruling, Harris issues a statement hinting she is poised to certify the election when the absentee ballots are in by noon on November 18 (see November 18, 2000). An hour after the ruling, James Baker, representing the Bush campaign team, says George W. Bush and his running mate Dick Cheney "are understandably pleased" with Lewis's finding. "The rule of law has prevailed," he says. Gore campaign lawyer Warren Christopher warns against premature "partying" by Republicans, and says the campaign is taking Lewis's ruling to the Florida Supreme Court. This afternoon, the Florida Supreme Court puts a hold on Lewis's decision, citing a pending appeal by the Gore campaign (see 5:00 p.m. November 17, 2000). [US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008]
Entity Tags: Katherine Harris, County of Leon (Florida), Florida Supreme Court, James A. Baker, Richard ("Dick") Cheney, Terry Lewis, George W. Bush, Warren Christopher
The Florida Supreme Court bars Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris, the co-chair of Florida's Bush campaign team (see After 3:30 a.m. November 8, 2000 and After), from rejecting all post-deadline recount tallies (see 9:14 p.m., November 15, 2000) as well as certifying George W. Bush (R-TX) as the state's presidential winner "until further order of this court" (see 10:04 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. November 17, 2000). It sets a hearing for Monday, November 20 to hear arguments on the recount dispute. The Court says flatly, "it is NOT the intent of this order to stop the counting." [Supreme Court of Florida, 11/17/2000 ; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Leip, 2008] Harris is prepared to certify Bush as the winner (see Evening, November 14, 2000), which would give him the electoral votes needed to grant him the presidency (see November 9, 2000). With that no longer a possibility, James Baker, the leader of the Bush "quick response" campaign recount team (see Mid-Morning, November 8, 2000), issues a public threat: the incoming Florida speaker of the House, Republican Tom Feeney, will, if necessary, take matters into his own hands and vote in an independent slate of "electors" who would journey to Washington and vote for Bush in the US Electoral College. Because both houses of the Florida legislature are dominated by Republicans, Feeney could pass just such a bill authorizing that procedure. [Vanity Fair, 10/2004] Bush and his campaign officials harshly denounce the Court's ruling. Bush accuses the Court of using "the bench to change Florida's election laws and usurp the authority of Florida's election officials," and states that "writing laws is the duty of the legislature; administering laws is the duty of the executive branch." However, the liberal news Web site Consortium News notes that Bush seems unaware of the duty of the judicial branch, "a fact taught to every American child in grade-school civics class—that it is the duty of the judiciary to interpret the laws. It is also the responsibility of the courts to resolve differences between parties under the law." [Consortium News, 11/23/2000]
Entity Tags: Tom Feeney, Florida Supreme Court, Katherine Harris, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, George W. Bush, James A. Baker, Consortium News, US Electoral College
The Florida Supreme Court hears recount arguments from both the Gore and Bush presidential campaigns regarding whether Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris, the co-chair of Florida's Bush campaign team (see After 3:30 a.m. November 8, 2000 and After), should consider hand-recounted ballots before she certifies results of the presidential election (see 5:00 p.m. November 17, 2000). Bush lawyers argue that the Court is "without power" to decide which ballots should or should not be tallied. At 9:45 p.m. November 21, the Court unanimously rules that the manual recounts can continue and that Harris must accept those totals in the final results (see 10:04 a.m. - 12:45 p.m. November 17, 2000). The Court rules that the deadline for certifying the election is either 5:00 p.m. November 26, a Sunday, or November 27, at Harris's discretion. Harris's staff is caught by surprise by the ruling, downloading it off the Internet instead of receiving a copy from the Court; Harris's plan to certify George W. Bush as president is blocked. Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore welcomes the ruling, saying that both he and Bush should plan their transitions in case either is certified. [Supreme Court of Florida, 11/21/2000 ; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008] The Court says in its ruling that "the right of the people to cast their vote is the paramount concern overriding all others." Campaign observers have said that if the Florida high court's ruling went the other way, Gore would concede the election. Some of Gore's senior campaign advisors reportedly told Gore to stop further challenges if the Florida court decision went in Bush's favor. [Guardian, 11/22/2000] Bush campaign representatives level charges that the Gore campaign is attempting to "steal" the election. Bush campaign attorney James Baker calls the Supreme Court's ruling "unjust." Governor Marc Racicot (R-MT), who has emerged in recent days as an influential Bush campaign spokesman, threatens "some extraordinary" measures to overcome the effects of the Court's ruling (see 9:00 a.m. and after, November 22, 2000). [Guardian, 11/23/2000]
Entity Tags: Marc Racicot, Katherine Harris, George W. Bush, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, James A. Baker, Florida Supreme Court
The Bush presidential campaign files a petition in the US Supreme Court, asking the Court to review the Florida Supreme Court's ruling that Florida can continue manual recounts, and that those new recount tallies be included in the final election results (see November 20-21, 2000). Bush lawyers argue that the Supreme Court effectively rewrote Florida election law in mandating the recount tallies be counted, by essentially changing the law after the election had occurred; they also argue that Florida judges have no jurisdiction or legal authoritiy to order Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris (see After 3:30 a.m. November 8, 2000 and After) to consider manually recounted votes. Both arguments are considered somewhat abstruse and technical. The Bush campaign also claims, with little legal backing, that to recount the votes violates constitutional guarantees of due process and equal protection. Gore lawyers say that the matter is up to the state courts, and is not a federal matter warranting the involvement of the US Supreme Court. The Court agrees to hear the case, and sets the hearing date for December 1, 2000. [Supreme Court of the United States, 11/22/2000 ; Certiorari Granted, 11/24/2000 ; Guardian, 11/25/2000; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Vanity Fair, 10/2004; Leip, 2008] "We believe we stand on both strong political and legal ground for fighting beyond Sunday," says Gore campaign adviser Ron Klain. After the Court agrees to hear the case, Harris, the co-chair of Florida's Bush campaign team, says she is ready to certify the election for George W. Bush tomorrow night regardless of the outcome of the Supreme Court hearing. "The Department of State is prepared for the earliest contingency, which would be certification Sunday evening," her chief of staff Ben McKay says. "This will be done publicly regardless of the outcome, which is, of course, unknown at this time." [Guardian, 11/25/2000] Many Court observers, and some of the justices themselves, are surprised that the case is being heard. The Bush petition for certiorari, or for the Court to take the case, comes to Justice Anthony Kennedy, whose task it is to consider emergency motions from Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. Kennedy pushes his colleagues to take the case, arguing that the Court is the true and ultimate arbiter of such matters, though he concedes that the Bush petition is legally questionable. The Court's conservative bloc—Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas, Sandra Day O'Connor (see After 7:50 p.m. November 7, 2000), and Chief Justice William Rehnquist—agree to hear the case. (Court rules mandate that the consent of four justices, not a majority, is enough to hear a case.) The case is to be expedited in a way far different from the usual sedately paced Court proceedings. The sudden urgency has Court clerks scrambling to change their Thanksgiving plans and contacting the justices they work for. The clerks for the four liberal justices, David Souter, John Paul Stevens, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Stephen Breyer, are dismayed by the entire situation. "We changed our minds every five minutes about whether the fix was in," one clerk later recalls. The liberal clerks find it almost impossible to believe that any Court justice would consider interceding in what is by constitutional definition an executive and legislative matter. Justice Stevens is not convinced of his conservative colleagues' restraint, and begins drafting a dissent from what he fears will be a majority opinion granting Bush the election. The early draft focuses on the reasons why the Court should have never accepted the case. [Vanity Fair, 10/2004]
Entity Tags: Florida Supreme Court, David Souter, Ben McKay, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., William Rehnquist, US Supreme Court, Stephen Breyer, Sandra Day O'Connor, Ron Klain, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Katherine Harris, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, George W. Bush, John Paul Stevens
A photograph of the Republican operatives mobbing the Miami-Dade elections offices. Those identified in the photograph include Thomas Pyle, Garry Malphrus, Rory Cooper, Kevin Smith, Steven Brady, Matt Schlapp, Roger Morse, Duane Gibson, Chuck Royal, and Layna McConkey. [Source: Pensito Review]Miami-Dade County election officials vote unanimously to halt the county's manual recount of presidential ballots (see November 7, 2000 and Before 10:00 a.m. November 19, 2000), saying the county does not have enough time to complete its recount by the November 26 deadline. Instead, they vote to recount only 10,750 "undervotes," ballots that don't clearly indicate a presidential choice. The decision costs Democratic candidate Al Gore a 157-vote gain from the halted recount process. That evening, a Florida State appeals court denies a motion by Democrats to force Miami-Dade County to restart the manual recount. [US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008] Opposing Beliefs - The next day, the Florida Supreme Court will also refuse to order Miami-Dade to restart the recount (see 2:45 p.m. November 23, 2000). Press reports say that the decision "dramatically reverse[s] the chances of Al Gore gathering enough votes to defeat George W. Bush." Gore's senior campaign advisor William Daley calls the recounts "mandatory" and calls for "the rule of law" to be upheld. For his part, Bush says: "I believe Secretary Cheney and I won the vote in Florida (see After 3:30 a.m. November 8, 2000). And I believe some are determined to keep counting in an effort to change the legitimate result." In light of the Miami-Dade decision, the Bush campaign's chief legal advisor James Baker invites the Republican-controlled Florida Legislature to unilaterally declare Bush the victor, saying, "One should not now be surprised if the Florida legislature seeks to affirm the original rules." Agitators Disrupt Recount Proceedings - The recount proceedings are disrupted and ultimately ended by a mob of Republicans, some local and some bussed and flown in from Washington by the Bush campaign. The agitators are protesting outside the Miami-Dade County election offices, shouting and attempting to interfere with the proceedings of the canvassing board. Republicans have accused a Democratic lawyer of stealing a ballot. [Guardian, 11/23/2000; Guardian, 11/25/2000] Rioters Made Up of Republican Staffers, Others - Democrats accuse Republican protesters of intimidating the Miami-Dade County officials into stopping the recount. Democratic vice-presidential candidate Joe Lieberman says the demonstrations in Miami have been orchestrated by Republicans "to intimidate and to prevent a simple count of votes from going forward." Six Democratic members of the US Congress demand the Justice Department investigate the claims, saying that civil rights have been violated in "a shocking case of undermining the right to vote through intimidation and threats of violence." Jenny Backus, a spokeswoman for the Democratic National Committee (DNC), says, "The Republicans are out of control," and accuses them of using paid agitators to "create mob rule in Miami." [Guardian, 11/25/2000] Later investigations show that the "spontaneous protests" by Republican protesters were far more orchestrated and violent than generally reported by the press at the time. Investigative journalist Robert Parry will write that the protests, called the "Brooks Brothers Riot" because of the wealthy, "preppie" makeup of the "protesters," helped stop the recount, "and showed how far Bush's supporters were ready to go to put their man in the White House." He will write that the protests should be more accurately termed a riot. At least six of the rioters were paid by the Bush recount committee, payments documented in Bush committee records only released to the IRS in July 2002 (see July 15, 2002). Twelve Republican staffers will later be identified in photographs of the rioters. The six who can be confirmed as being paid are: Bush staffer Matt Schlapp from Austin, Texas; Thomas Pyle, a staff aide to House Majority Whip Tom DeLay (R-TX); DeLay fundraiser Michael Murphy; Garry Malphrus, House majority chief counsel to the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Criminal Justice; Charles Royal, a legislative aide to Representative Jim DeMint (R-SC); and former Republican House staffer Kevin Smith. Another Republican is identified as Doug Heye, a staffer for Representative Richard Pombo (R-CA). At least three of the rioters—Schlapp, Malphrus, and Joel Kaplan—will later join the Bush White House. Many of the rioters were brought in on planes and buses from Washington as early as mid-November, with promises of expenses payments. On November 18, 2000, the Bush campaign told activists, "We now need to send reinforcements" to rush to Florida. "The campaign will pay airfare and hotel expenses for people willing to go." Many of the respondents are low-level Republican staffers from Congress. "These reinforcements… added an angrier tone to the dueling street protests already underway between supporters of Bush and Gore," Parry will write. Quoting ABC reporter Jake Tapper, Parry will write, "The new wave of Republican activists injected 'venom and volatility into an already edgy situation.'" Signifying the tone, before the Miami riot, Brad Blakeman, Bush's campaign director of advance travel logistics, screamed down a CNN correspondent attempting to interview a Democratic Congressman: "This is the new Republican Party, sir! We're not going to take it anymore!" [Consortium News, 11/27/2000; Consortium News, 8/5/2002; Vanity Fair, 10/2004] Some of the local protesters are summoned to the Miami-Dade electoral offices by angry broadcasts over radio stations with largely Cuban-American audiences; over these radio stations, listeners hear Bush campaign lawyer Roger Stone, coordinating the radio response, say that the recounts intend to disenfranchise Hispanic voters. Republican operatives coordinate the protests by shouting orders through megaphones. [Consortium News, 11/24/2000; Center for American Progress, 12/9/2010] Cuban-Americans voted heavily for Bush in the November 7 election. [Tapper, 3/2001] Details of the Riot; Staffers Assaulted and Beaten - After learning that the Miami-Dade County canvassing board was beginning to examine 10,750 disputed ballots that had not previously been counted, US Representative John Sweeney (R-NY) issues the order to "Shut it down!" (Sweeney is coordinating his efforts with a local Cuban congressman who himself is coordinating the Cuban-American mob response.) Brendan Quinn, the executive director of the New York Republican Party, tells some two dozen Republican operatives outside the Miami-Dade County election offices to storm the room on the 19th floor where the canvassing board is meeting. Tapper later writes: "Emotional and angry, they immediately make their way outside the larger room in which the tabulating room is contained. The mass of 'angry voters' on the 19th floor swells to maybe 80 people," including many of the Republican activists from outside Florida, and joined by local protesters. As news organizations videotape the scene, the protesters reach the board offices and begin shouting slogans such as "Stop the count! Stop the fraud!" "Three Blind Mice!" and "Fraud, fraud, fraud!" and banging on doors and walls. The protesters also shout that a thousand potentially violent Cuban-Americans are on the way. Official observers and reporters are unable to force their way through the shouting crowd of Republican operatives and their cohorts. Miami-Dade spokesman Mayco Villafena is physically assaulted, being pushed and shoved by an unknown number of assailants. Security officials, badly outmanned, fear the confrontation will swell into a full-scale riot. Miami-Dade elections supervisor David Leahy orders the recounts stopped, saying, "Until the demonstration stops, nobody can do anything." (Although board members will later insist that they were not intimidated into stopping, the recounts will never begin again. Leahy will later say: "This was perceived as not being an open and fair process. That weighed heavy on our minds.") Meanwhile, unaware of the rioting, county Democratic chairman Joe Geller stops at another office in search of a sample ballot. He wants to prove his theory that some voters had intended to vote for Gore, but instead marked an adjoining number indicating no choice. He finds one and leaves the office. Some of the rioters spot Geller with the sample ballot, and one shouts, "This guy's got a ballot!" Tapper will later write: "The masses swarm around him, yelling, getting in his face, pushing him, grabbing him. 'Arrest him!' they cry. 'Arrest him!' With the help of a diminutive DNC [Democratic National Committee] aide, Luis Rosero, and the political director of the Miami Gore campaign, Joe Fraga, Geller manages to wrench himself into the elevator." Rosero stays behind to attempt to talk with a reporter, and instead is kicked and punched by rioters. A woman shoves Rosero into a much larger man in what Tapper will later theorize was an attempt to start a fight between Rosero and the other person. In the building lobby, some 50 Republican protesters and activists swarm Geller, surrounding him. Police escort Geller back to the 19th floor in both an attempt to save him from harm and to ascertain what is happening. The crowd attempts to pull Geller away from the police. Some of the protesters even accost 73-year-old Representative Carrie Meek (D-FL). Democratic operatives decide to leave the area completely. When the mob learns that the recounts have been terminated, they break forth in lusty cheers. After-Party - After the riots, the Bush campaign pays $35,501.52 for a celebration at Fort Lauderdale's Hyatt Regency, where the rioters and campaign officials party, enjoy free food and drink, receive congratulatory calls from Bush and Dick Cheney, and are serenaded by Las Vegas crooner Wayne Newton, singing "Danke Schoen," German for "thank you very much." Other expenses at the party include lighting, sound system, and even costumes. Media Reportage - Bush and his campaign officials say little publicly about the riot. Some press outlets report the details behind the riots. The Washington Post later reports that "even as the Bush campaign and the Republicans portray themselves as above the fray," national Republicans actually had joined in and helped finance the riot. The Wall Street Journal tells readers that Bush offered personal words of encouragement to the rioters after the melee, writing, "The night's highlight was a conference call from Mr. Bush and running mate Dick Cheney, which included joking reference by both running mates to the incident in Miami, two [Republican] staffers in attendance say." The Journal also observes that the riot was led by national Republican operatives "on all expense-paid trips, courtesy of the Bush campaign." And, the Journal will note, the rioters went on to attempt to disrupt the recounts in Broward County, but failed there to stop the proceedings. The Journal will write that "behind the rowdy rallies in South Florida this past weekend was a well-organized effort by Republican operatives to entice supporters to South Florida," with DeLay's Capitol Hill office taking charge of the recruitment. No similar effort was made by the Gore campaign, the Journal will note: "This has allowed the Republicans to quickly gain the upper hand, protest-wise." And the Journal will write that the Bush campaign worked to keep its distance from the riots: "Staffers who joined the effort say there has been an air of mystery to the operation. 'To tell you the truth, nobody knows who is calling the shots,' says one aide. Many nights, often very late, a memo is slipped underneath the hotel-room doors outlining coming events." But soon, media reports begin echoing Bush campaign talking points, which call the "protests" "fitting, proper," and the fault of the canvassing board: "The board made a series of bad decisions and the reaction to it was inevitable and well justified." The Bush campaign says the mob attack on the elections office was justified because civil rights leader Jesse Jackson had led peaceful, non-violent protests in favor of the recounts in Miami the day before. The campaign also insists that the protests were spontaneous and made up entirely of local citizens. On November 26, Governor Marc Racicot (R-MT), a Bush campaign spokesman, will tell NBC viewers: "Clearly there are Americans on both sides of these issues reflecting very strong viewpoints. But to suggest that somehow this was a threatening situation, in my view, is hyperbolic rhetoric." Effect of the Riot - According to Parry, the riot, broadcast live on CNN and other networks, "marked a turning point in the recount battle. At the time, Bush clung to a lead that had dwindled to several hundred votes and Gore was pressing for recounts (see November 20-21, 2000). The riot in Miami and the prospects of spreading violence were among the arguments later cited by defenders of the 5-to-4 US Supreme Court ruling (see 9:54 p.m. December 12, 2000)… that stopped a statewide Florida recount and handed Bush the presidency. Backed by the $13.8 million war chest, the Bush operation made clear in Miami and in other protests that it was ready to kick up plenty of political dust if it didn't get its way." In the hours after the riot, conservative pundits led by Rush Limbaugh will engage in orchestrated assaults on the recount process as fraudulent and an attempt by the Gore campaign to "invent" votes. No one is ever charged with any criminal behaviors as a result of the riot. [Consortium News, 11/24/2000; Washington Post, 11/27/2000; Village Voice, 12/19/2000; Consortium News, 8/5/2002; Vanity Fair, 10/2004; Center for American Progress, 12/9/2010]
Entity Tags: County of Miami-Dade (Florida), Tom DeLay, Charles Royal, Rush Limbaugh, Roger Stone, Robert Parry, Richard Pombo, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Wayne Newton, William Daley, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., Brad Blakeman, Brendan Quinn, CNN, Carrie Meek, Richard ("Dick") Cheney, William Michael ("Bill") Daley, County of Broward (Florida), Michael Murphy, Thomas Pyle, Matt Schlapp, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, David Leahy, Democratic National Committee, Doug Heye, Florida Supreme Court, Mayco Villafena, George W. Bush, Garry Malphrus, James A. Baker, Jake Tapper, Jim DeMint, Kevin Smith, Luis Rosero, Marc Racicot, Jenny Backus, Joseph Lieberman, Joe Geller, Joe Fraga, Joel Kaplan, John J. Sweeney
Timeline Tags: 2000 Elections, Civil Liberties
The Gore presidential campaign files an emergency petition with the Florida Supreme Court asking the Court to force Miami-Dade County to resume its manual recount of presidential ballots (see 9:00 a.m. and after, November 22, 2000). Gore lawyers unsuccessfully argue that Miami-Dade "[v]oters had their votes inexplicably erased" (see November 7, 2000). The Court rejects the request. [Supreme Court of Florida, 11/23/2000 ; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008]
Entity Tags: County of Miami-Dade (Florida), Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., Florida Supreme Court
Bush supporters in Florida celebrate Katherine Harris's decision to certify Bush as the winner of the 2000 election. [Source: Salon]Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris, the co-chair of Florida's Bush campaign team (see After 3:30 a.m. November 8, 2000 and After), certifies George W. Bush (R-TX) the winner of Florida's presidential election, though according to a Florida Supreme Court ruling she can choose to accept recount tallies through November 27 (see November 20-21, 2000). She chooses not to do so. Harris says Bush has a 537-vote lead. Her totals are: Bush, 2,912,790; Vice President Al Gore (D-TN), 2,912,253. The totals include none of the recounted ballots from either Palm Beach or Miami-Date Counties, both of which did not complete their recounts by Harris's deadline (see 9:00 a.m. and after, November 22, 2000 and 2:45 p.m. November 26, 2000). Ongoing legal actions by both parties keep the election in doubt. Regardless, Governor Jeb Bush, George W. Bush's brother, signs the Certificate of Ascertainment designating 25 Florida electors pledged to George W. Bush and transmits the document to the National Archives as required by Title 3, US Code, Section 6. Three days later, a Florida legislative committee will recommend a special session to name the state's 25 representatives to the Electoral College, where they will presumably cast their votes for Bush. [US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008] If Bush is indeed the winner of the Florida presidential election, he has enough electoral votes to assume the presidency (see November 9, 2000). The Gore campaign refuses to accept Harris's certification, and says it will ask Florida courts to order recounts of thousands of disputed votes. Gore's running mate Joe Lieberman says, "This evening, the secretary of state of Florida has decided to certify what—by any reasonable standard—is an incomplete and inaccurate count of the votes cast in the state of Florida." The Gore campaign is working out details of what will be a formal "contest" of the results, and will ask a state judge to order court-appointed "special masters" to complete interrupted recounts of about 2,000 uncounted votes in Palm Beach County and 10,700 uncounted votes in Miami-Dade County. They also want an inquiry into the Nassau County returns, where Gore officials believe Bush was wrongly credited with some 51 votes, and are considering challenging the legality of Palm Beach's controversial "butterfly ballots." Gore's chief lawyer David Boies says: "We're preparing contest papers that will be filed Monday, as early in the day as we can get them done. Until these votes are counted, this election cannot be over." Republicans intend to use Harris's ruling to publicly pressure Gore into conceding the election, pressure the Gore campaign says it is prepared to combat. Miami-Dade County, expected to yield enough votes in a recount to swing the election in favor of Gore, called off its recount under pressure from Republican protesters and due to time constraints (see 9:00 a.m. and after, November 22, 2000). [Salon, 11/25/2000; Guardian, 11/27/2000; Guardian, 11/28/2000] Investigative reporter Robert Parry will later write that Harris deliberately allowed Nassau County to throw out its recounted figures that gave Gore the 51 votes. [Consortium News, 8/5/2002] A brief furor ensues when some media outlets mistakenly report that 500 absentee ballots "not previously counted" were discovered in Broward County. The story is not true. [Salon, 11/25/2000] According to state law, it is only now that Gore can ask for a statewide recount. [Vanity Fair, 10/2004] Former President Jimmy Carter tells a reporter: "More than two weeks will remain before Florida's 25 electors will have to be named, and then two more months before a new president will be sworn into office. We must not sacrifice speed for accuracy in deciding who has been chosen by the voters to take that oath." [Salon, 11/25/2000]
Entity Tags: Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, Florida Supreme Court, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., County of Miami-Dade (Florida), County of Broward (Florida), George W. Bush, County of Palm Beach (Florida), Katherine Harris, Robert Parry, James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr., George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, Joseph Lieberman, John Ellis ("Jeb") Bush
The clerks for the four liberal justices at the Supreme Court—John Paul Stevens, Stephen Breyer, David Souter, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg—continue their speculation as to whether the Court will actually attempt to decide the presidential election ((see November 20-21, 2000 and November 22-24, 2000), especially in light of Florida's recent attempt to certify George W. Bush as the winner (see 7:30 p.m. November 26, 2000). At a November 29 dinner attended by clerks from several justices, a clerk for Justice Sandra Day O'Connor tells the group that O'Connor is determined to overturn the Florida Supreme Court's decision to go ahead with manual recounts of election ballots (see 3:00 p.m., November 16, 2000). One clerk recalls the O'Connor clerk saying, "she thought the Florida court was trying to steal the election and that they had to stop it." O'Connor has the reputation of deciding an issue on her "gut," then finding legal justifications for supporting her decision. Unbeknownst to anyone outside the Court, O'Connor has already made up her mind. Gore lawyers in particular will spend endless hours trying to craft arguments to sway her vote, when the actual case will come down to Justice Anthony Kennedy, who originally wanted to accept the case. Many clerks of both liberal and conservative justices have little respect or regard for Kennedy. They consider him, according to a 2004 Vanity Fair article, "pompous and grandiloquent." They believe he fills his office with elaborate, expensive decorations and trappings, including an elaborate chandelier, to give the idea of his power and importance. "The clerks saw his public persona—the very public way in which he boasted of often agonizing over decisions—as a kind of shtick, a very conspicuous attempt to exude fairness and appear moderate, even when he'd already made up his mind," according to the Vanity Fair article. Conservative clerks suspect Kennedy of untoward liberal leanings, and have taken steps to ensure that the clerks he receives are ideologically sound. One liberal clerk later explains the conservative justices' reasoning, saying, "The premise is that he can't think by himself, and that he can be manipulated by someone in his second year of law school." By now, Kennedy is surrounded by clerks from the hard-right Federalist Society. "He had four very conservative, Federalist Society white guys, and if you look at the portraits of law clerks on his wall, that's true nine times out of 10," another liberal law clerk will recall. "They were by far the least diverse group of clerks." The conservative and liberal clerks do not socialize with one another as a rule, so it is unusual when, a day after the clerk dinner, Kevin Martin, a clerk for conservative justice Antonin Scalia, visits Stevens's chambers. Martin went to Columbia Law School with Stevens's clerk Anne Voigts, and he wants to see if he can explain to her the conservatives' judicial point of view. However, two other Stevens clerks, Eduardo Penalver and Andrew Siegel, believe Martin is on some sort of reconnaissance mission, attempting to find out what grounds Stevens will cite to argue against overturning the Florida decision. Penalver and Siegel believe Martin is trying to manipulate Voigts, and Martin, after telling them to "F_ck off!" storms out of Stevens's chambers. Clerks from O'Connor's staff pay similar visits to other liberal justices, though these conversations do not end so contentiously. [Vanity Fair, 10/2004] O'Connor said to partygoers when the news networks announced the election for Al Gore, "This is terrible" (see After 7:50 p.m. November 7, 2000).
Entity Tags: Eduardo Penalver, Anthony Kennedy, Anne Voigts, Andrew Siegel, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., David Souter, US Supreme Court, Vanity Fair, Sandra Day O'Connor, George W. Bush, Florida Supreme Court, Federalist Society, Antonin Scalia, Kevin Martin, John Paul Stevens, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer
The US Supreme Court hears oral arguments on the Bush presidential campaign's challenge on constitutional grounds of Florida Supreme Court's ruling on selective manual recounts (see November 20-21, 2000). The case is Bush v. Palm Beach Canvassing Board. Throngs of protesters surround the Supreme Court building. Inside, the justices' questions indicate that they are divided on the legality of the Florida high court's intervention, and some justices seem to think that Florida courts should resolve the issue. Justice Anthony Kennedy says, "We're looking for a federal issue." Justice Stephen Breyer asks, "What's the consequence of our going one way or the other now in this case?" Observers will later describe Laurence Tribe, an experienced Supreme Court litigator representing the Gore campaign, as listless and flat, while Theodore Olson, arguing the Bush campaign's case, is "more impressive." Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Justice Antonin Scalia give the impression that they believe the Florida Supreme Court encroached on the Florida legislature's bailiwick. Justices Kennedy and Sandra Day O'Connor (see After 7:50 p.m. November 7, 2000 and (November 29, 2000)) express their irritation with the Gore arguments. When the arguments are over, the justices meet in chambers for the usual conference. At one end of the argument is Scalia, who wants to overturn the Florida decision and in essence award George W. Bush the election, and at the other, Justice John Paul Stevens, who wants the Court to stay out of the case altogether. Neither justice can command a majority among the other seven. Rehnquist begins drafting a ruling asking the Florida high court to clarify its ruling, to cite the state constitution in its decision (which the Bush team had argued would have been improper), or under state law (which the Bush team had found arguably permissible). All nine justices eventually sign onto Rehnquist's opinion. A 2004 Vanity Fair article will observe: "The unanimity was, in fact, a charade; four of the justices had no beef at all with the Florida Supreme Court, while at least four others were determined to overturn it. But this way each side could claim victory: the liberal-to-moderate justices had spared the Court a divisive and embarrassing vote on the merits, one they'd probably have lost anyway. As for the conservatives, by eating up Gore's clock—Gore's lawyers had conceded that everything had to be resolved by December 12—they had all but killed his chances to prevail, and without looking needlessly partisan in the process. With the chastened Florida court unlikely to intervene again, the election could now stagger to a close, with the Court's reputation intact, and with Bush all but certain to win." On December 4, in a setback for the Gore campaign, the Court unanimously sets aside the Florida Supreme Court ruling and remands for clarification the Florida Supreme Court's decision. [Supreme Court of the United States, 12/4/2000; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Vanity Fair, 10/2004; Leip, 2008]
Entity Tags: George W. Bush, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, Florida Supreme Court, William Rehnquist, Sandra Day O'Connor, US Supreme Court, County of Palm Beach (Florida), Laurence Tribe, John Paul Stevens, Theodore ("Ted") Olson, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, Vanity Fair, Stephen Breyer
The Florida Supreme Court dismisses a petition from the Gore campaign to order an immediate recount of over 12,000 "undervotes" from Miami-Dade and Palm Beach Counties. "Undervotes" are ballots that did not register a choice for president when run through the machine counter. An hour later, the same court rules that Palm Beach's controversial "butterfly ballot" is legal (see 7:00 a.m. November 7, 2000 and After and November 27, 2000). [US News and World Report, 12/13/2000]
Entity Tags: Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, Florida Supreme Court, County of Palm Beach (Florida), County of Miami-Dade (Florida)
Leon County, Florida, Judge N. Saunders Sauls rules against the Gore campaign in the recount issue (see November 28 - December 2, 2000), saying that manual recounts in Miami-Dade and Palm Beach Counties are not warranted, and the Nassau County vote totals should stand. Sauls also refuses to block Florida's certification of George W. Bush as the Florida presidential winner (see 7:30 p.m. November 26, 2000). The London Guardian calls the ruling a "crushing blow" to Al Gore's chances of winning the disputed election. Sauls rules that there is "no credible statistical evidence and no other competent substantial evidence" to establish a reasonable probability that Gore might win if granted a hand recount of the undervotes. "This court… concludes the evidence does not establish any illegality, dishonesty, improper influence, coercion, or fraud in the balloting and counting processes," Sauls rules. The ruling also restores Bush's 930-vote lead that existed before recount numbers were taken into account (see November 18, 2000). After Saul's ruling, Gore's lead attorney David Boies says the campaign will appeal the ruling to the Florida Supreme Court, and that the campaign had always assumed the case would end up in that court. "What has happened today is that we have moved one step closer to having this finally resolved," he tells reporters, but admits that in this instance, "They won, we lost." Boies notes that after the incredible effort expended to bring over a million ballots to Sauls's courtroom, the judge never looked at them. "The ballots were the best evidence of the intents of the voters," Boies says. "This was the first court in an election contest where the court has refused to look at the ballots." The Florida high court will hear the appeal on December 7. [Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit, In and For Leon County, Florida, 12/4/2000 ; Guardian, 12/5/2000; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008]
Entity Tags: Florida Supreme Court, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, County of Leon (Florida), County of Palm Beach (Florida), George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, N. Saunders Sauls, George W. Bush, County of Miami-Dade (Florida)
Two lawsuits filed by Florida Democrats challenging the validity of some Florida absentee ballots are heard in Tallahassee. Judge Nikki Clark hears the Seminole County absentee ballot case (see November 12, 2000, November 15-17, 2000, November 17, 2000, and November 27, 2000) and Judge Terry Lewis presides over a similar challenge filed against Martin County ballots. (The Gore campaign has declined to join either lawsuit, though Vice President Al Gore has said it "doesn't seem fair to me" that Republicans but not Democratic operatives in those counties were allowed to add and correct voter ID numbers on absentee ballot applications. The Bush campaign has joined the opposing side of both lawsuits.) Both Clark and Lewis reject the lawsuits. The Florida Supreme Court will uphold their rulings. [US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Leip, 2008] Democratic leaders are beginning to edge away from continued support for Gore's attempts to secure the election. Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) says, "This is coming to an end." A George W. Bush presidency, he says, "looks more and more" likely. [Guardian, 12/8/2000]
Entity Tags: Nikki Clark, County of Martin (Florida), Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., County of Seminole (Florida), George W. Bush, Richard ("Dick") Durbin, Terry Lewis, Florida Supreme Court
David Boies. [Source: BBC]The Florida Supreme Court hears arguments from both the Gore and Bush presidential campaigns in Al Gore's appeal of a ruling that rejected his campaign's request to mandate recounts in three Florida counties (see 9:00 a.m. November 30, 2000 and After). Bush campaign lawyer Barry Richard argues that there is no "evidence to show that any voter was denied the right to vote" and calls the Gore campaign's contest "a garden-variety appeal." Gore lawyer David Boies contends that while time is running out, "the ballots can be counted" before the December 12 deadline for naming electors. In a 4-3 decision, the Court reverses the decisions of Judge N. Saunders Sauls (see 4:43 p.m. December 4, 2000), ordering recounts of "undervotes" in Miami-Dade and Palm Beach counties as well as all other Florida counties that have not yet manually recounted undervotes. "Undervotes" are noted on ballots that were not recorded by voting machines as making a choice for president. The Court also directs the lower court to add 168 votes from Miami-Dade and 215 votes from Palm Beach to Gore's state totals, narrowing the George W. Bush lead to a mere 154 votes. London's Guardian observes, "That margin could easily be overturned with a recount of the disputed ballots which mainly came from Democratic precincts in Miami-Dade." Perhaps 45,000 undervotes statewide remain to be counted. Bush campaign attorney James Baker says the Court's ruling may "disenfranchise Florida's votes in the Electoral College." Congressional Democrats Richard Gephardt (D-MO) and Tom Daschle (D-SD) release a joint statement calling for a "full, fair, and accurate vote count," and saying there is "more than enough time to count ballots cast but never counted." Within hours, Bush lawyers ask the US Supreme Court for an emergency stay of the decision, which will be granted (see December 8-9, 2000). [Supreme Court of Florida, 12/8/2000 ; Guardian, 12/9/2000; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008] The Court decision is also seen as something of a repudiation of the Supreme Court's earlier decision for clarification (see 10:00 a.m. December 1 - 4, 2000). Clerks for the Supreme Court justices are now certain that their Court will decide the presidential election. Justice Antonin Scalia, the most implacable of the conservative justices determined to overturn the Florida high court and give the election to Bush, wants to grant the Bush request for a stay even before receiving the Gore lawyers' response, a highly unusual request that is not granted. He argues that the manual recounts are in and of themselves illegitimate, and says the recounts will cast "a needless and unjustified cloud" over Bush's legitimacy. It is essential, he says, to shut down the process immediately. Clerks for both the liberal and conservative justices are amazed, and some appalled, at how bluntly Scalia is pushing what appears to be a partisan agenda. [Vanity Fair, 10/2004]
Entity Tags: David Boies, Barry Richard, Antonin Scalia, Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, County of Palm Beach (Florida), US Supreme Court, Richard Gephardt, The Guardian, N. Saunders Sauls, Tom Daschle, James A. Baker, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, Florida Supreme Court, County of Miami-Dade (Florida)
The Bush campaign seeks stays in the Florida Supreme Court, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, and the US Supreme Court regarding the acceptance of 43,852 "undervote" recounts in Florida counties. Most importantly, the Bush campaign also asks the US Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari, which would declare its candidate the winner of the Florida presidential election. Both the Florida Supreme Court and Eleventh Appeals Court refuse to issue the stay. Most observers believe that if the recounts are completed and their vote totals tabulated, Democrat Al Gore will win enough votes to win Florida, and thusly become president. Currently Republican George W. Bush has a mere 193-vote lead (see December 7-8, 2000), and recount totals from Miami-Dade County alone are expected to give Gore more than this amount. One example of the problematic situation in Florida is with Duval County, which includes the city of Jacksonville, where claims of massive African-American disenfranchsement and discrimination (see November 7, 2000) have already tainted the balloting. Duval has 4,967 undervotes, but they are mixed in with 291,000 others, all stored in boxes in a vault. The all-Republican electoral board, as seen on national television, has begun examining ballots, but as The Guardian observes, "with such painstaking reluctance to proceed, it amounted to an effective filibuster." Democratic spokeswoman Jenny Backus tells reporters, "What we've heard is that they're going to try to slow this down by every means they can." However, the US Supreme Court issues the requested stay and the undervote tabulation stops. The Court does not issue the requested writ of certiorari. [Supreme Court of the United States, 12/8/2000 ; Supreme Court of the United States, 12/9/2000 ; Guardian, 12/10/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008] The divide among the nine US Supreme Court justices is plain. The five conservative justices, led by Antonin Scalia, have since December 4 been circulating memos among themselves and their clerks, bouncing various arguments off one another in what the liberal justices' clerks feel is an attempt to audition and solidify their arguments in favor of overturning the Florida high court's decision and giving the presidency to Bush. The four liberal justices, led by John Paul Stevens, have long felt that the Court had no business being involved in the issue, that it was instead up to the Florida judiciary and legislature to settle the matter. Stevens, writing the anticipated dissent for the minority, has to ask the majority for more time to complete his dissent, so eager are they to issue their ruling. When Scalia sees in Stevens's dissent the line that says, "counting every legally cast vote cannot constitute irreparable harm"—a direct rebuke to Scalia's earlier argument that the Florida recounts would do "irreparable harm" to a Bush presidency—Scalia inadvertently delays the proceedings to write his own angry rejoinder, which reads in part, "Count first, and rule upon legality afterwards, is not a recipe for producing election results that have the public acceptance democratic stability requires." Scalia's nakedly partisan stance discomfits even some of the other conservative justices' clerks and angers the liberal clerks. "The Court had worked hard to claim a moral high ground, but at that moment he pissed it away," one later recalls. "And there was a certain amount of glee. He'd made our case for us to the public about how crassly partisan the whole thing was." After Scalia finishes his rejoinder, the Court issues its stay, stopping all further recounts. Gore himself, unaware of the arguments and partisanship dividing the Court, still holds out hope that one of the conservatives—O'Connor or Anthony Kennedy, perhaps (see After 7:50 p.m. November 7, 2000 and (November 29, 2000))—can be reached. "Please be sure that no one trashes the Court," he admonishes his staffers. Gore decides to have campaign lawyer David Boies instead of Laurence Tribe argue the campaign's case in the upcoming arguments, perhaps hoping that Boies, more moderate than the outspokenly liberal Tribe, might win some support from either Kennedy or O'Connor. Boies has also been representing Gore in Florida, and can presumably reassure the justices of the fundamental fairness of what is happening there. The liberal clerks have no such illusions. What hopes they have now are pinned on the press. One has heard a rumor that the Wall Street Journal is preparing to publish a story reporting that O'Connor had been overheard at a dinner party expressing her opposition to a Gore presidency; that report, the clerks hope, might force O'Connor to recuse herself from the decision and tie the court at 4-4. However, O'Connor has no such intention. Gore's lawyers, aware of O'Connor's statements, consider asking her to recuse herself, but decide instead to restrain themselves in hopes that she will, according to a 2004 Vanity Fair article, "now lean toward them to prove her fairness." [Vanity Fair, 10/2004]
Entity Tags: County of Miami-Dade (Florida), Wall Street Journal, County of Duval (Florida), Anthony Kennedy, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, US Supreme Court, The Guardian, John Paul Stevens, Laurence Tribe, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, George W. Bush, Sandra Day O'Connor, Florida Supreme Court, Jenny Backus, Antonin Scalia, David Boies
Florida Judge Terry Lewis orders that Florida counties complete their manual recounts by 2:00 p.m. December 10. Lewis's ruling comes in the wake of the Florida Supreme Court ordering immediate "undervote" recounts (see December 7-8, 2000). Before Lewis's deadline can be reached, the US Supreme Court will issue a stay of the Florida high court's ruling (see December 8-9, 2000), rendering Lewis's deadline moot. [US News and World Report, 12/13/2000]
Entity Tags: Florida Supreme Court, Terry Lewis, US Supreme Court
As per a Florida Supreme Court ruling (see December 7-8, 2000), Florida counties begin a statewide manual recount of "undervote" ballots before the US Supreme Court issues a stay halting the recounts (see December 8-9, 2000). [Leip, 2008]
Entity Tags: US Supreme Court, Florida Supreme Court
An artist's rendition of the nine Court justices hearing oral arguments in the 'Bush v. Gore' case. [Source: Authentic History]The US Supreme Court begins hearing oral arguments in the lawsuit Bush v. Gore on the Florida recounts and election results. The Bush campaign has challenged the legality of a Florida Supreme Court ruling mandating the recounting of "undervote" ballots (see December 7-8, 2000). Bush lawyers argue that manual recounts violate the Constitution's mandate of equal protection. Gore lawyers argue that the overriding issue is the importance of counting each vote cast. By the afternoon, the public is hearing the arguments via audiotapes. Justice Antonin Scalia, one of the Court's most hardline conservatives, drew criticism when he said in an earlier opinion that the majority of the Court believed that George W. Bush had "a substantial probability of success," a conclusion disputed by other justices such as John Paul Stevens. Scalia now says that he is inclined to vote in favor of Bush because, he says, "the counting of votes that are of questionable legality does in my view threaten irreparable harm [to Bush]" (see December 8-9, 2000). [Guardian, 12/11/2000; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008] Kennedy Determines that 'Equal Protection' Is Key to Reversing Florida Decision - Al Gore's lawyers, led by David Boies, believe that one of the Bush team's arguments is flawed: the idea that the Florida Supreme Court exceeded its bounds restricts one appellate court far more than another appellate court is willing to condone. Unbeknownst to the Gore lawyers, Justice Anthony Kennedy agrees with the Gore team on this issue. Kennedy has no intention of finding in favor of the Gore position, but he does want the other four conservatives on the bench to come together behind the Bush argument that using different standards for ballot evaluation in different counties violates the equal-protection clause of the Constitution, an argument that most of the justices, litigants, and clerks have not considered up until now. As a practical matter, enforcing a single standard of ballot evaluation among the disparate Florida counties would be virtually impossible. And the Court under the leadership of Chief Justice William Rehnquist has, until now, been reluctant to interpret the equal-protection clause except in the narrowest of circumstances. Neither the Bush nor the Gore lawyers had given that argument a lot of attention, but it will prove the linchpin of the Court's majority decision. As oral arguments proceed, and Kennedy pretends to not understand why this is a federal argument, clerks for the liberal justices find themselves sourly amused at Kennedy's pretense. "What a joke," one says to another. When Kennedy cues Bush lawyer Theodore Olson that he is interested in the equal protection clause as an argument—"I thought your point was that the process is being conducted in violation of the equal-protection clause, and it is standardless"—Olson quickly pivots and begins building his case under that rubric. Liberal justices Stephen Breyer and David Souter use the equal-protection argument to suggest that the best and simplest solution is simply to remand the case back to the Florida Supreme Court and ask it to set a uniform standard. Breyer has been working for days to convince Kennedy to join the four liberals in sending the case back to Florida, and for a time during the oral arguments, believes he may have succeeded. The liberal clerks have no such hopes; they believe, correctly, that Kennedy is merely pretending to consider the option. "He probably wanted to think of himself as having wavered," one clerk later says. A brief private chat with Scalia and his clerks during oral arguments may have swayed Kennedy back into the fold, assuming he is wavering at all. Demands for Identical Standards among All Florida Counties - Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (see After 7:50 p.m. November 7, 2000 and (November 29, 2000)) rails at Boies over the idea that the 67 counties cannot all have the same standards of ballot evaluation, and shows impatience with Boies's explanation that for over 80 years, the Florida courts have put the idea of "voter intent" over identical ballot identification standards. [Vanity Fair, 10/2004]
Entity Tags: David Souter, David Boies, Anthony Kennedy, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, William Rehnquist, US Supreme Court, Sandra Day O'Connor, Stephen Breyer, Theodore ("Ted") Olson, George W. Bush, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, John Paul Stevens, Florida Supreme Court, Antonin Scalia
The US Supreme Court issues a ruling in Bush v. Gore (see December 11, 2000) that essentially declares George W. Bush (R-TX) the winner of the Florida presidential election, and thusly the winner of the US presidential election (see Mid-to-Late November 2000). The decision in Bush v. Gore is so complex that the Court orders that it not be used as precedent in future decisions. The 5-4 decision is split along ideological lines, with Justices Sandra Day O'Connor (see After 7:50 p.m. November 7, 2000 and (November 29, 2000)) and Anthony Kennedy, two "moderate conservatives," casting the deciding votes. In the per curium opinion, the Court finds: "Because it is evident that any recount seeking to meet the Dec. 12 date will be unconstitutional… we reverse the judgment of the Supreme Court of Florida ordering the recount to proceed.… It is obvious that the recount cannot be conducted in compliance with the requirements of equal protection and due process without substantial additional work." The decision says that the recounts as ordered by the Florida Supreme Court suffer from constitutional problems (see December 7-8, 2000). The opinion states that differing vote-counting standards from county to county and the lack of a single judicial officer to oversee the recount violate the equal-protection clause of the Constitution. The majority opinion effectively precludes Vice President Al Gore from attempting to seek any other recounts on the grounds that a recount could not be completed by December 12, in time to certify a conclusive slate of electors. The Court sends the case back to the Florida Supreme Court "for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion." Four justices issue stinging dissents. Justice John Paul Stevens writes: "One thing… is certain. Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year's presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the nation's confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the rule of law." Justice Stephen G. Breyer adds that "in this highly politicized matter, the appearance of a split decision runs the risk of undermining the public's confidence in the court itself." [Per Curiam (Bush et al v. Gore et al), 12/12/2000; US News and World Report, 12/13/2000; Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 12/17/2000; Leip, 2008] Drafting Opinions - After oral arguments concluded the day before, Chief Justice William Rehnquist said that if they were to remand the case back to Florida, that order must go out immediately in light of the approaching deadline for certification of results; Stevens quickly wrote a one-paragraph opinion remanding the case back to Florida and circulated it, though with no real hope that it would be adopted. The five conservative justices are determined to reverse the Florida decision. For the rest of the evening and well into the next day, December 12, the justices work on their opinions. Stevens prepares the main dissent, with the other three liberal justices preparing their own concurrences. Stevens and Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg find no support whatsoever for the equal-protection argument, and say so in their writings. Justices Breyer and David Souter give the idea some weight; Souter says that the idea of uniform standards is a good one, but these standards should be created and imposed by the Florida judiciary or legislature. Stopping the recounts solves nothing, he writes. It soon becomes apparent that neither Kennedy nor O'Connor share Rehnquist's ideas on the jurisdiction of the Florida court, and will not join him in that argument. Kennedy writes the bulk of the majority opinion; as predicted, his opinion focuses primarily on the equal-protection clause of the Constitution. The liberal justices and clerks find Kennedy's reasoning that stopping the recounts is the only way to ensure equal protection entirely unconvincing. Anthony Scalia circulates a sealed memo complaining about the tone of some of the dissents, asking that the dissenters not call into question the Court's credibility. (His memo prompts Ginsburg to remove a footnote from her dissent commenting on Florida's disenfranchised African-American voters; some of the liberal clerks see the incident as Ginsburg being bullied into compliance by Scalia. Subsequent investigations show that thousands of legitimate African-Americans were indeed disenfranchised—see November 7, 2000.) Kennedy sends a memo accusing the dissenters of "trashing the Court," and says that the dissenters actually agree with his equal-protection argument far more than they want to admit. When he has a line inserted into his opinion reading, "Eight Justices of the Court agree that there are constitutional problems with the recount ordered by the Florida Supreme Court that demand a remedy," some of Stevens's clerks angrily telephone Kennedy's clerks and accuse them of misrepresenting Stevens's position. They demand that the line be removed. Kennedy refuses, and Stevens rewrites his opinion so that he is no longer associated with the position. Kennedy is forced to rewrite the statement to say that "seven," not "eight" justices agree with his position. One of Stevens's clerks, Eduardo Penalver, tells Kennedy clerk Grant Dixton that what Kennedy had done was disgusting and unprofessional. Breyer and his clerks are also unhappy about Kennedy's assertion, but take no action. The line prompts many in the media to claim, falsely, that the decision is a 7-2 split and not a 5-4. The main document, a short unsigned opinion halting the recounts, is written by Kennedy. Two portions are particularly notable: Kennedy's assertion that the ruling applies only to Bush, and not to future decisions; and that the Court had only reluctantly accepted the case. "That infuriated us," one liberal clerk later recalls. "It was typical Kennedy bullsh_t, aggrandizing the power of the Court while ostensibly wringing his hands about it." Rehnquist, Scalia, and Justice Clarence Thomas join the decision, though Scalia is unimpressed with Kennedy's writing and reasoning. Reportedly, he later calls it a "piece of sh_t," though he will deny making the characterization. Lack of Consensus - The lack of consensus between the conservative justices is relatively minor. Among the four liberal justices, though, it is quite pronounced—though all four wish not to end the recounts, only Stevens has a strong position and has stayed with it throughout the process. Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer were far less certain of their opposition, and resultingly, their dissents, unlike the impassioned Stevens dissent, are relatively pallid. Some of the liberal clerks say that the four's lack of consensus helped the solid conservative majority stay solid: "They gave just enough cover to the five justices and their defenders in the press and academia so that it was impossible to rile up the American people about these five conservative ideologues stealing the election." Final Loss - Gore, reading the opinion, finally realizes that he and his campaign never had a chance with the five conservative justices, though they had hoped that either O'Connor or Kennedy would join the four liberals (see (November 29, 2000)). He congratulates his legal team, led by David Boies, and commends it for making it so difficult for the Court to justify its decision. Some reports will circulate that Souter is depressed over the decision, with Newsweek reporting that he later tells a group of Russian judges that the decision was "the most outrageous, indefensible thing" the Court had ever done. He also reportedly says that had he had "one more day," he could have convinced Kennedy to turn. However, Souter will deny the reports, and those who know him will say that such comments would be out of character for him. For her part, O'Connor will express surprise that anyone could be angry over the decision. As for Scalia, some Court observers believe that his open partisanship during the process will cost him any chance he may have had to be named chief justice. [Vanity Fair, 10/2004]
Entity Tags: David Souter, William Rehnquist, David Boies, Anthony Kennedy, Albert Arnold ("Al") Gore, Jr., Al Gore presidential campaign 2000, US Supreme Court, Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Clarence Thomas, George W. Bush presidential campaign 2000, George W. Bush, Florida Supreme Court, John Paul Stevens, Grant Dixton, Sandra Day O'Connor, Eduardo Penalver
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Published on 01-29-2015 12:53 PMPublished on 01-28-2015 02:57 PM
We spend so much time quantifying cars based on data here and get so caught up in numbers we forget the intrinsic qualities vehicles bring. Ultimately, a car is supposed to serve as transport. There are many reasons for needing to reach a different location and Jeremy Clarkson highlights a very special journey below. ...Published on 01-25-2015 10:37 AM
Fabspeed announced last year they would offer a tune for the Porsche 991 Turbo and 991 Turbo S. The initial graph they posted showed 95 horsepower gains although the graph was from a European dyno showing crank figures. The European dyno makes sense as it appears Fabspeed is rebranding a European piggyback. ...Published on 01-24-2015 11:41 AM
Very nice numbers here from a GIAC tuned Porsche 991 Turbo S. The vehicle is running the GIAC Stage II race gas tune which is an ECU flashed tune. In addition to the tune plus race gas this 991 Turbo S has the Tubi catless race exhaust and the IPD intake plenum. ...Published on 01-20-2015 06:41 AMPublished on 01-19-2015 09:02 PM
We know Porsche has a more hardcore Cayman GT4 on the way. The wait just seems to be Porsche picking which auto show they intend to debut it at. Thanks to this past month's Detroit Auto Show we have some concrete details on the car and it is pretty much what we expected. ...Published on 01-17-2015 07:33 AM
What is the worst car you ever had? Well, chances are it probably was not as bad as the rides some of these people have had. We spend a ton of time talking about what the best car is, what the most powerful car is, and what the fastest car is. Rarely do we talk about the pieces of crap we have driven along the way. ...Published on 01-17-2015 02:42 AMPublished on 01-16-2015 06:07 AM
We are happy to report that a protune customer of ours from Alabama, US has just set new 997.1 OEM VTG turbo 60-130mph record at 6.700secs on pump 93 octane. The car has minimal bolton modifications including an AWE exhaust, OEM 997.2 intercoolers and do88.se turbo inlet pipes with a Sachs 2.5 clutch that drives just like the OEM clutch. ...Published on 01-08-2015 02:31 AM
This now marks the third time the 'GT4' Cayman has been spotted without any disguise. Porsche is not trying to hide anything here and this is nothing new. We saw the car testing in May of last year on the Nurburgring and just a couple months later in July it was seen testing on the Nurburgring again. ...Published on 01-07-2015 06:35 PM
There you have it, the first 9 second Porsche 991 Turbo and what is currently the quickest and fastest 991 Turbo / S in the world. A back and forth in 991 Turbo tuning started with Simon Motorsport going 10.31 in the 1/4 mile only for PP-Performance to respond with a 10.003 run. ...Published on 01-05-2015 09:45 PM
The Mexico Blue paint color is one of the best kept secrets of the Porsche Exclusive range. You have to pay extra for it and you have to know how to order it but it is absolutely stunning. Just take a look at this 991 GT3 in Mexico Blue and it is hard to argue the paint is not worth every additional penny. ...Published on 01-05-2015 03:00 AMHere is a preview and rendering of the 2016 Porsche 911 (991.2) facelift - Turbo Carrera on the way?
Published on 01-04-2015 08:47 PM

subset: commoncrawl


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well his mod isnt coming out lol he aint be on for a year now
This member has provided no bio about themself...
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well his mod isnt coming out lol he aint be on for a year now
Quit spamming your **** you jackass.
Calm Down Guys QuakeWarsTheSaga i will ask nicely please dont spam anymore i know you never did it to me but just saying they are gonna get you banned i stop if i were you just make your game look i made one called halo 43 i wait .....KA-BOOM.... I get someone asking me to be a mapper for my game it was only the second DAY!!! see how it worked for me well you should try it too.....
Just Report Him. He'll Get Banned If Enough Of Us Point Out How He's Spamming Moddb Pages And Trying To Steal Devs + Community Followers.
2 things 1 quake wars is a game already. 2 is this like battlefront or more like lego star wrs
Spammer, might as well report his ***.
Hey guys should we spam on this idiots page? I mean he spammed on others anyway.
You are the stupidest 4ucking idiot You know that? I mean seriously, spamming on other peoples mods will get you a team? piff! Please, do us a favor and get the 4uck off moddb.
P.S You have no experience in coding at all.
I dislike you very much, you're a spammer looking for a hand out, if you really want to get into development, do it how we all do, make mods, show your talent, make a game. If you think you're going to get some magical team to do the work for you, you couldn't be more wrong. Go download source SDK, UT3 editor, or any mod tool set for that matter and learn what the hell you're doing. Having your uncle give you a model does not entitle you to ****, do the work like all of us and then maybe you can actually get this made through a lot of your /OWN/ hard work and determination...
You need to go eat a DDick you 4ag
thats what you need :)


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Damage control
This is my guess:
The DC mafia's new strategy is to MK-ULTRA as many sensational but small-scale gun homicides as possible, while at the same time using their propaganda machine to blow any organic guns crimes (especially if they involve white people) waaaaay out of proportion.
This serves two purposes. It makes up gun-grabbing ground lost by the Sandy Hook backfire, and it distracts from the continuous exposure of Sandy Hook as a fraud.
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Dorothy Hinz, 89 - December 22, 2010
Services were Dec. 22 at North Cascade Seventh-day Adventist Church, Highway 20 in Burlington, WA, with the Rev. Ira Bartolome officiating. Interment and graveside services will take place Wednesday, Dec. 29, at 1 p.m. at the Gothenburg Cemetery under the direction of Blase-Strauser Memorial Chapel.
Hinz was preceded in death by: her parents, Lou and Villa Mae Bowman; a son, William David Jones; sister, Juanita Kite; two brothers—Jim and Pete Bowman.
Survivors include: her husband, Robert L. Hinz of the family home in Sedro-Woolley; her children—Sandra Kay (Joe) Pirak of Tulalip, WA, Terry (Jean) Jones of Brookfield, MH, Julia (Jerry) Bushree of Georgetown, TX, and Kristin (Tommy) Sivula of Long Beach, CA; nine grandchildren, 17 great-grandchildren and three great-great-grandchildren; a sister, Joann (Bill) Kozisek of Storm Lake, IA; two brothers—Rodney (Shorty) Bowman of Omaha, and Calvin Bowman of Gothenburg; numerous nieces and nephews.
For a complete obituary, see the print edition of the Gothenburg Times or purchase an e-subscription for only $25 per year for the complete paper on-line each Wednesday afternoon.
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The University of Maine
StudentsReview ::
The University of Maine - Comments and Student Experiences | |||||||||||||||||||
I felt like it was the school for me.
Now, as I transfer to UMass, I recognize my decision to go to UMaine was blind sighted. The constant letters they sent made me feel wanted, but entering the school I felt completely neglected. the teachers do not interact with students besides showing up to class and teaching the lectures. The students are rude and snobby, and despite the fact the school is basically in the middle of nowhere they still feel the need to drink and party like the college is in a major city.
The Psychology program is a disappointment, and the school made me question my desire to be a psychologist as a result. Without naming names, I had a teacher who said becoming a psychologist was the worst decision he ever made, and yet for some reason he still teaches in the program!
There is no pride in this school.
Students will never have a sense of self at this school.Anyone who attends the school, be warned: It may look nice, but that's all it is. A nice looking campus. The school is beautiful, but beauty does not mean a good education.
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Amy's Baking Company dumped by new PR firm, press conference canceled over threats
- Hayley Ringle
- Reporter- Phoenix Business Journal
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Amy's Baking Company has canceled its Tuesday press conference and is no longer working with the well-known public relations company hired to handle the craziness that ensued after the Scottsdale restaurant was featured May 10 on "Kitchen Nightmares."
Fox, the station that aired the celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay's restaurant critique show, sent a letter last week to the restaurant threatening legal action, according to Rose+Moser+Allyn Public & Online Relations. That firm took on Amy's as a client last week, but in their release today said it had opted to stop working for the restaurant past Tuesday.
I'm waiting to hear back from Jason Rose as to why the relationship ended.
Restaurant owners Amy and Samy Bouzaglo did not appear to take any of Ramsay's criticism on the show, and Ramsay walked off for the first time in the show's history.
The subsequent meltdown on social media appeared to show the owners lashing out at customers who were critical of the show and the restaurant. However, the owners allege their sites were hacked and they were not saying those nasty comments. They filed a report with the Scottsdale Police Department.
Today's press release from RMA indicated that online bullying was part of the reason that the press conference was canceled.
The restaurant will still hold it's grand re-opening week and grand opening event Tuesday at 5 p.m.
More than 1,000 reservations have been made since the re-opening was announced last week.
The restaurant has turned into a tourist attraction by curiosity seekers.
Jason Rose, who leads the firm, told reporter Tim Gallen last week he initially thought it was a joke when Amy Bouzaglo called for his help.
Hayley Ringle covers technology and startups for the Phoenix Business Journal.
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Tortellini. Strawberries. Chicken marsala. You'd normally find these foods on porcelain dishware, not on top of pizzas. At Pizza Oven Mamma Mia, however, they're essential toppings to some of the eatery's most popular pies. In fact, at their glassed-in display counter, you might even see these unorthodox toppings all mingling on the same tray?a slice of penne-vodka pizza next to a slice with broccoli and onions. The rest of the menu is a bit more traditional (eggplant panini at lunch, veal parmigiana at dinner), but you can always end your meal with another of Mamma Mia's unique slices: Nutella dessert pizza with those aforementioned strawberries. Other favorites include Sicilian rice balls, fresh meatballs, breaded chicken cutlets, fresh-made sauce, stuffed peppers, stuffed eggplant, ravioli and Italian sausage, and more.
Pizzeta Enoteca dishes up Italian fare, but nothing about this eatery is stuffily traditional. Instead, the staff strives to create a fresh, hip atmosphere, one that appeals to New Jersey's young families. The menu makes the concept clearer with its headlining pizzetas and their unique toppings. The small-serving, thin-crust pies come crowned with everything from buffalo chicken to four-cheese blends to garden vegetables, mozzarella, and garlic to mimic the flavors of caprese salad. Although Millburn-Short Hills Patch says that "pizza is the way to go at Pizzeta," the menu boasts a slew of tasty antipasti, paninis, and pastas. It also has dessert covered. Ricotta-filled cannoli and espresso-soaked tiramisu end meals more sweetly than a hug from a waiter who happens to be a kitten.
From the dining room, you can watch the Mancino's chefs slide pizzas in and out of the brick oven, each pie emerging with a crispy golden crust. Though pizza is the main attraction, the chefs also assemble hearty sandwiches and whole-wheat pasta dishes, paired with Italian staples such as prosciutto di parma and freshly baked ciabatta bread.
Mancino's has exchanged the standard-issue red-checked tablecloths for crisp, white linens. Wall sconces and dangling pendant lights illuminate the restaurant's tastefully minimal dining room, the kind of place where the queen might celebrate her pizza-party jubilee.
Homemade meatballs nestle into piles of spaghetti under a blanket of fresh red sauce. Local produce tops crisp pizzas, and hot and cold sandwiches embrace fillings with locally procured bread. Here at Macchu Pizza & Tomato Pies, one wide window permits lots of light into the room, whose simple, spare decor allows the food to remain the centerpiece.
The toppings on Marco's Pizzeria & Italian Restaurant's pies could be meals in their own right. There's the chicken parmigiana pizza, layered with mozzarella, marinara, and a breaded chicken cutlet, and the philly cheesesteak pizza, heaped with sliced beef, saut?ed onions, and melted American cheese. Another is dressed like a cheeseburger, while yet another is topped with a serving of baked ziti. Not surprisingly, all of those toppings are available in traditional meal form, too, thanks to an extensive menu of sandwiches, burgers, pasta dinners, and panini. ?Marco's also caters, whether for a graduation party or if Thanksgiving dinner fell on the floor.
Junior's Pizza & Subs Kebab House?s menu celebrates the traditions of American, Italian, and Mediterranean food, and even features a number of Halal options. Pizzas are crafted with dough and sauce made fresh daily, and covered in 100% mozzarella cheese and toppings such as gyro meat and diced eggplant parm cutlets. Tzitziki sauce rests atop cheeseburgers and tucks into falafel pitas. A variety of pasta dishes and sandwiches?both hot and cold?are also offered on the eclectic menu. The eatery is open late and can deliver meals right to customers? front doors or seats in the jury box.


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Hello Kitty London, exclusive collection – inspired by fun sixties prints, girly shades and sweet scents. Keep your pennies safe and your lips pretty with this cute coin purse and mini strawberry gloss!
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God's Advent
Happy Advent. Last year, at this time, I ran a post on "The War on Advent," making the case that we Catholics must resist the dominant culture's desire to start Christmas the day after Thanksgiving and forget all about Advent. Everything I wrote then rings, regrettably, even more true this year than last with all the countless stories about "Black Friday Sales" being extended into Thanksgiving Day itself.


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Winsome® Capri Beige Fabric Baskets, Set of 4
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Set of 4 Winsome® Capri Beige Fabric Baskets. Organization made easy!
Mudroom, bedroom, family room... wherever you need to corral the clutter!
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Greetings: NightWisp: User ID: 25023241
I am in shock. Just plain shock. When I asked who was going to win.. Romney appeared on the TT.
**Winning Does Not Necessary Mean ... Who Is Going To "Be In Office" !! ... You Are Watching/Following A "Fixed Game" ... Of Who(m) Was Decided On Terrestrially ... Long Ago !!
**The "Game" Is For The "Commoners" To Play !! ... And Until Those There Understand ... That It IS A "Game" ... That It Is All Rigged ... & No More/No Less ... Then A "Popularity Contest" ... Of Which Both Canidates Are Funded From The Same Source ... Very Little Will Change !!
I am so... depressed. Was I lied to? Was this a joke?
**You Weren't Lied To !! ... The "Game" Had To "Look Good" To Convince Those ... "Playing The Game" ... That Their Worthless Votes Counted ... That They Meant Something !!
**The Good/Cop Bad Cop "Game" ... Played Before The Eyes & Minds Of Those Who Played This Fradulent Spectator Sport !!
**Besides ... Think About It !! ... Think About The Movie "Deep Impact" ... & Of The "Black President's" Role In That Movie !! ... Mitt Romney's Skin Is Not Dark Enough To Play That Role ... In That "Artifical Reality" ... & Of When The "Time" Comes !!
**Don't Count On An Exacting "Play By Play" Script ... Of What Happened In "Deep Impact" ... That Was Just The "Hollywood Version" !! ... & Used For "Ideas" On What They Should Do !! ... The "Artifical Reality" Of It ... Is That ... There Will Not Be An Announcement To Tell The People There ... What Is Going On ... What Is Happening !! ... They Are NOT That Stupid !! ... They Want To Get To Their Safety Shelters Before ... The SHTF ... & Do NOT Want To Be Forcefully Removed & Strung Up ... Of The Nearest Treee !!
**Along With This ... As US/WE Have Stated Many "Times" Before ... The Ones Such As Obama & Romney & Other Political Figures ... Other Ones Who Are "In The Spotlight" ... Are NOT The Originals !! ... You Are Seeing Copies/Replicants ... Who THINK They Are The Originals ... But Are Only "Place Holders/Place Fillers" !! .. Sort Of Like ... "Wooden Dummies" ... Like In The Movie ... Blazing Saddles !!
How can I ever trust anything I have been shown? I won't again. I feel betrayed.
**You Weren't Lied To ... You Simply Did Not Understand ... What Goes On ... On Terra/Earth !! ... On One Hand ... (Which Is Not Revealed To The Public !!) ... Romney Won The Election !! ... On The Other Hand ... To Fulfill The Necessary "Image" Needed ... For The "Times Of Change" ... They Needed A "Dark Skinned President" !! ... And So "Revealed To The Public" ... Obama Wins The Election !!
**It Is Not So Far Removed From The 1950's "Cold Wars" ... Between The United States & The Soviet Union ... Where To The Public ... They Were The Bitterest Of Enemies ... Though ... Behind The Scenes ... They Cooperated Together & "Punched The Same Time Clocks" ... Doing Things In Joint Ventures In Space & Other Places ... WHere They Would Not Be Noticed Or Seen !!
**Such It Was/Is ... With Those That Are "Putting On A Show" ... A "GAME" For The Public To Watch & Participate In !! ... They Get Together & Review Their Prepared Lines ... Their "Actor Roles" ... & Then They Go "On Stage" In Front Of The Cameras !!
I told others what I saw. Told it as truth. And now I am a big joke. How can I believe anything I saw was anything but delusional? Just a big Joke on Wispy.
**Read What We Just Said ... & Calm Down !!
I cannot stand another 4 years of this mad man and the imbeciles who voted for him.
**It Won't Be ... Another "4 Years" !! ... However ... Again ... Until The Occurance/Main Changes ... TPTB ... Needed This "Image" ... This Puppet/Figurehead ... To Distract & Confuse The Public ... & So This Is What They Have !!
This country has been destroyed, beyond repair.
**Which For Those Are "Profiting" & Using Anything & Everything For Their Own Uses ... Own Advantages ... Is How They Figured It !! ... As They Figured ... Might As Well Use Anything They Could ... (Emphesis On "USE") ... As All Of This Will Be Destroyed Anyway !! ... All Of These Beings Will Be Gone !! ... Take Advantage While They Can !!
The ravening wolves have been let loose.
**If You Understand Their Thinking ... Then You Understand ... What It Is ... They Are Doing !!
Nibiru is only anticlimactic now. Just a dream.
**A "Dream" That Will Come To That "Artficial Reality" !! ... No ... We Will Not Say ... Sooooooooonn !! ... However WE Might Say ... "Shortly" !!
I am past caring any more. I cannot trust anything I see now.
**It Is Best That You Don't Ask "Political Questions" ... As This Only Upsets You !! ... & You Don't Understand In & Of Their "Games" ... When The Games Are Rigged From The Beginning ... Both Sides ... All These Crooks & Theives Can Literally ... Have Their Cake & Eat It Too !! ... As What Is Not Seen/Undersood Is ... They They Are Working Together ... & Playing Their Set Roles !!
**Go BEYOND Terrestrial Games ... Terrestrial Politics ... & Concentrate On The Things That THEY Want You To Be Distracted From ... Such Is What Is Arriving From Space !! ... These "Games" For The World's People To Watch ... Are For Distraction !! ... Just Like Watching A "Stage Magician" & Refocusing The Attention Of The Audience By "Slight Of Hand" ... & "Pretty Assistants" !!
Farewell For Now !!
ST In BG
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The Night time is the right time for the soothing sounds of Smooth Jazz, Today's R & B
classic, under-appreciated and lesser-known works by both established and emerging artists playing jazz, soul, Afro-Latin vibes, broken beat and nerd/rock.
Not always jazz, but always smooth. Discover the mix!
broadcasts a unique mix of the latest and smoothest sounds in jazz, inspirational and Christian music from today's mainstream and independent artists via 24/7 Inspirational Jazz Top Twenty Countown that are rating by the listeners
Jazz-city Radio playlist
Unwind. Relax. Hosted Smooth Jazz from Newport Beach, broadcast in mp3pro - www.JazzWave.com
The sounds of New-Soul with a taste of Jazz and the oldies but goodies...
NEW PLAYLIST, Boday,Chuck Loeb, Darren Rahn, Patrick Yandall, Steve Cole, Patrick Lamb, Lawson Rollins, and more! An enjoyable mix for all your listening pleasure! Visit our website at http://www.jazztimesmoothradio.com.
Smoothnetradio.com's Adult Mix~Quiet Storm
eCoustic celebrates and preserves the art of acoustic music through an eclectic fusion of Electro and Neo Soul, Acid Jazz, Avante Garde, Abstract, Experimental, Afro-Latin Rhythms, World Beats, Rhyme, and Spoken Word.
One Hundred Percent Pure Jazz Music And A Whole Lot More
From Maynard to Mangione: A complete mix of smooth/fusion/big band/funk/soul/latin/ska/pop, and plenty of trumpets.
Classic Slow Jams with Special Guests Marvin Gaye, Bobby Womack, Aretha Franklin, Luther Vandross, Patti LaBelle, Barry White, Teddy Pendergrass, The Manhattans, Delfonics, Whispers and others. Presented by Maurice Watts
R&B from 80's, 90's and Today
Music To Lift The Spirit & Soothe The Soul ~ Hear NEW MUSIC from Will Downing and D'Angelo. And Classics from The Isley Bros., Kem, Maxwell, Alicia Keys, Stevie Wonder, Luther To Marvin Gaye etc. ~ Enjoy :) Follow us @ www.Facebook.com/SlowJamZSmoothJazZ
The number 1 Total R&B Experience, including Diana Ross, Earth Wind & Fire, Chaka Khan, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Isley Brothers, Gladys Knight, Luther Vandross, Jill Scott, Marvin Gaye & Patti LaBelle for the Powerhouse Radio Classic Soul Music Jam