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More reviews by makeupaddict76
I've been on a foundation kick and decided to purchase Dior Forever Fusion SPF 25(new formulation), Chanel Perfection, EL DW, and this has been my favorite. My winter shade has been NC30-35 and I purchased this in 031 Sand. Coverage can be medium w/ 2 pumps, full coverage w/ 4 pumps, it definitely blends better than the Chanel and not as heavy as DW. It dries fast so have to blend pretty quickly. Still have to blot few times a day but lasts about 8 hrs on my combo skin(winter is drier). I apply it w/Sephora #55 or my fingers. It's my current go to foundation for work/everyday.
5 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
Love the packaging, especially the pump. I bought this in the lightest shade (10) but had to return it because it was too dark for my NC10/NC15 skin. It seemed like a great match at first but it must oxidize; after 5 mins it was way more yellow toned. Besides that I loved it, great coverage, looked very natural, ok lasting power (5-6 hours), not great oil control but it doesn't claim that either.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
So I went to Sephora and I got a generous sample that lasted about 10 days.
The look of this foundation is fantastic. It's lightweight and it provides a nice satin finish to your skin, with light-medium coverage. I actually got compliments on my skin while wearing it. It isn't as long wearing as my current HG (Smashbox HD) on my particular skin, but it's still really good.
My main problem was that the foundation is heavily fragranced. I mean it smells like a perfume bottle. I have sensitive skin and eyes and ultimately it did make my skin break out. Also I noticed after I stopped using it that my eyes stopped getting red at the end of the day. I never would have thought it was the foundation, that's never happened before, but it's the only thing that changed and it does make sense.
I think foundation will be great for anyone who doesn't have sensitive skin and is looking for less coverage with a natural finish. Ultimately the ingredients were just too irritating for me. I also found that the neutrals weren't neutral enough for me in the darker shades.
4 out of 4 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I love long wearing products - I am a divorced mom on the go and touching up my make up constantly is a distraction I don't want. So I try and go for foundations (and more) that deliver. This one definitely does! I ordered this in my Sephora F&F order in the color Medium Beige 030. I have neutral to cool undertones and am a MAC NW30 for reference. I have the older version of the powder in the same color, and while it leans JUST SLIGHTLY warm it matches so well. Same goes for the liquid. I find that a lot of "cool toned" foundations show up very orangey on my skin, so I know I lean towards neutral.
The foundation is more watery than I am used to. I usually use Clarins Everlasting and Estee Lauder Double Wear. Those two have nearly full coverage while this is just shy of it. It blends better than both of those, leaving me ample time to blend it correctly before it sets. It isn't heavy at all or masky (DW can feel heavy when applying). The fluid itself reminds me of MAC Face and Body, but not the coverage obviously. This has a perfumed scent that is hard to pinpoint ~ kind of fruity. Not obnoxious to me at all but if you are sensitive to that sort of thing just be aware.
The finish is medium plus - not full, as I still need a bit of concealer for my few melasma spots (unlike the other two mentioned above), but not a lot. I don't like to set it with powder as it has such a stunning dewy, natural finish. It feels so lightweight on - like I am literally wearing no foundation whatsoever. And his is hydrating! Most long wearing foundations start feeling tight within 4-6 hours, this one does not. It still felt I wasn't wearing any make up. I had to blot at the the 6 hour mark but that is the norm.
All in all I will buy this one again. I love my full-coverage long wearing ones...but this one is different. It hydrates, it covers, it stays. Well done!
12 out of 12 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
More reviews by SoxxxTiffanyxxx
Yep...i got the sample 030, applied it at about eight in the morning, set it with mac mineralise skinfinish powder,the best finish look i have seen on my face than the other foundation i owned, mac, estee lauder...
Then about 1 in the arvo, i looked in the mirror again, i was abit desappointed, it didnt last, my face had all the dry spots, and couldnt control oil that well. I may go try the chanel now.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I have always loved Dior products, although a bit on the expensive side they are mostly worth the money. This foundation is defo medium coverage, it doesn't look like a mask on my skin. Someone commented saying my makeup looked natural and luminous today and I hadn't told them I had changed my foundation to warrant that comment! I also liked that comment as my skin has acne scars, spots, you name it! Ordinarily I use Chanel Mat Luminere 020, I like the yellowly base, I switched to Forever 020 and still think its a bit pinky but the way it goes on and finishes outweighs the problem of the colour for me. Definately very happy with this foundation and found that it does have the lasting power.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I have been trying this foundation for only 2 days, but so far, I'm in LOVE!
I got 3 samples in 030 medium beige, and it's a little bit too dark for me, although it's workable if I blend it really well into my neck. I'm guessing in the summer this would be perfect, but in this time of the coming winter I prefer to mix it with some of my skin79 BB cream, which is too light for me.
On to the review: I swear, my skin looks flawless! I have (like every normal person I suppose) redness and dry spots due to acne treatment, a few bumps, clogged pores and the occasional spot here and there, but with this foundation, my skin looks near to perfect.
The texture is kind of watery, but I like it, since it provides you with more time to blend it evenly into your skin.
It does oxidize however, but it's hardly noticeable, so it doesn't really bother me.
the coverage is light to medium, but it's buildable. I wouldn't use this when you have really bad skin, but my skin is fairly good, with some spots and clogged pores, so for me, it does the job perfectly.
A negative point, it doesn't have really long staying power, I set it with mac's mineralize skinfinish to prolong its durability, but it's still not great. maybe it'll work better with a different primer..
The finish is quite matte, especially since I set it with powder (I don't always do this with foundations), so I found that I need to use a good highlighter to create a bit of a glow.
So far, it has not broken me out yet, (even though my skin is fairly good, foundations tend to break me out a lot) but then again, I've only been using it for 2 days, I will update about whether or not it stays this way.
I can't say much about the packaging, since I've only been using samples, but I saw in the store that it has a pump, which is a big plus! go hygiene! also, the bottle looks very pretty.
the price isn't the best, since it's kind of pricey, but then again, it's still affordable and for me, it is worth the cost!
All in all, I'm fairly convinced I've finally found my HG! (depends on whether or not this stuff decides to break me out after all..)
I will definitely buy this once I run out of samples, but I'm still deciding whether I'm staying 030 and mixing it in the winter, or just going one shade lighter..
anyway, I would recommend this foundation to everyone!
so, I promised I would update, well we're a month further and I'm still very much in love with this product. I've noticed that this foundation gives the best result when I apply it with my beautyblender. however, when I'm in a rush, I still use my fingers though (wetting a spunge costs soo much time..).
I also need to update my comment about the staying power. My sample was a little bit too dark, and when I bought the full size (010, lightest shade) I didn't need to mix foundations anymore to get the right colour. well this has done wonders for the staying power, it lasts all day!
the best part about this foundation is that it still hasn't broken me out!
since I've bought the full size, I can also add that the packaging is great, I love pumps.
all praise dior for making such a wonderful product
**** UPDATE 2, april 2012 *******
It hurts to even admit it, but my love has gone. Therefore, I'm taking 3 lippies off. Due to very bad breakouts lately, I had to use kind of aggressive products in order to clear it up, and it has, thankfully, but I'm left with very dry, flakey (yet clear) skin. It still looks beautiful when first applied, but after a while, it clings to every dry spot, leaving my skin looking very patchy. Also, I have found it does sink into pores, which is not really the most flattering sight.
I am very sorry my beloved diorskin forever, but I'll leave you for now, maybe I'll come back when my skin is perfectly smooth, but let's face it, when does that ever happen?
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I have to say I really like it. In a nutshell, the reasons I like it is that its really good coverage, it has SPF in it and it is really long wearing, it lasts all day and well into the evening! The sample I was given is 030 Medium Beige, and it was a good match, possibly a tiny bit too dark (I am MAC NC35/40).
I find that this is medium to heavy coverage. It provides buildable good coverage, without looking cakey or too heavy. It blends very easily (I used my fingers, clean of course!), but I havent tried it with a brush as yet. I hardly needed any concealer at all once I had applied this. It melts into the skin, and makes the most beautiful finish, I am really loving this foundation due to its lovely finish, its the best I have found so far!
The wear has been great for me, it lasted really well through a long hot day helping my mum in the kitchen and then attending an event in a really hot, over crowded room til 11pm. My face didnt look perfect by the end of it but the foundation was still going strong and I would say it was about 80% in tact. I love foundations that are truly long wear and this is certainly of them!
The finish is mostly matte with a little bit of dewy-ness to avoid a flat looking complexion. I like the finish of this a lot and it didnt make me any more oily than I normally am, which is great. It also didnt oxidise on me, which is another big plus.
It didnt break me out at all, I will update if it does break me out in future. I also really like that it has SPF in it, factor 25 in this case which is quite high for a foundation I think.
The foundation is meant to be a hydrating, but at the same time suitable for all skin types. I would say due to the fact its a little hydrating this might be too much for very oily skin. I have normal skin with an oily T zone and this was okay for me, it didnt make me more oily. I think people with normal and dry skin will probably really like this foundation.
Pricewise, its at the higher end of what I am willing to pay, in the UK its £29.50 for 30ml. I do however think, since the coverage is great and you only need a small amount, one bottle will last a long time and therefore work out okay for your wallet.
I definitely like this and I think its worth trying if you want medium or full coverage or a foundation that will not slide off your face! It does what it claims to do big plus these days when we cant normally believe what the companies tell us about their products!
The downsides are that the shade selection is not that big, and mostly yellow based and nothing for very dark skin or Afro-Caribbean ladies. Also, like I said it may not be best suited for ladies with very oily skin. It also has fragrance in it, which may cause irritation. Had it been fragrance free, this would have been better.
All in all, its one of my favourite foundation as the moment!
6 out of 7 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I can't believe that my search is finally over! I have tried so many foundations! The consistancy is very thin but it blends beautifully. I use a lise watier brush. The coverage is fantastic and it makes my lines much less visable. This lasts the entire day for me and does not get oily on me at all but I have normal/dry skin. Although expensive it is worth every penny! My skin looks gorgeous. I'm soooo glad I found this! Absolutely no complaints with this.
I'm NW25 and 030 is a perfect match.
2 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I tried this in 010, that looked good at first, but dried to a darker, yellower colour. Not hideous, but not matching my skin enough to make me want to buy it again.
It is extremely easy to apply with a foundation brush, never used a foundation that was as easy to blend= fast to apply.
Upon application, it covered well in colour, nixe texture on smooth skin (cheeks, nose) and around eyes. Unfortunately, it enhanced the lines in my forehead a lot. I tried a light layer og Dior's loose powder, and it's the first one where light reflecting particles are small and subtle enough to actually blur texture and lines a bit, instead of enhancing them as most others do.
Final result good, if a bit dark. Wrinkles smoothed by powder a bit, but stll somewhat enhanced.
Sraying power good. After 9 hours, it had settled a bit in forehead lines and around the eyes. Not so pretty, but not too terrible.
I think this is a good foundation for younger skin.
For long wearing I recommend Lancome teint idole ultra, which also comes in a lighter, less yellow colour. And doesn't settle into lines. It did, however, break me out, but most expensive foundations do.
My absolute favourite us 100% pure healthy skin foundation.
Edit 11/12/11:
I work selling makeup, and this is an amazing foundation for young skin without wrinkles. It looks like skin.. Remember that it darkens when drying on the face, so start with a lighter shade.
6 out of 6 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No


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Richa Chadha
12 Richa Chadha Articles
Shocking: Richa Chadda loses her cool at a Christmas party!
1 month ago 0Read on to find out what miffed the Tamnchey actress Richa Chadha, known for playing a brave and bold girl on the big screen, recently gave an… Read Article ▶
Richa Chadha opts out of Bombairiya due to date issues
1 month ago 0The Fukrey actress talks about the British film she was approached for Commenting on reports of her walking out of British film Bombairiya in the… Read Article ▶
When Lisa Haydon, Parineeti Chopra, Karisma Kapoor graced an art exhibition – view pics!
2 months ago 0Celebs galore at an art auction here in Mumbai. Find out who are the celebs who have an eye for art work While it is quite true that stars of… Read Article ▶
Sudhir Mishra's Aur Devdas to wrap up its shoot in Delhi
2 months ago 0The Inkar director's next Aur Devdas is scheduled to release next year Filmmaker Sudhir Mishra's Aur Devdas, a political take on Sarat Chandra… Read Article ▶
Pooja Bhatt to make a comeback with Saif Ali Khan's Mr Chaalu!
3 months ago 0After a hiatus of nearly 14 years, Alia Bhatt's elder sister is set to make a comeback with Chotte Nawab's film After giving a series of hit films… Read Article ▶
Exclusive: Is Richa Chadda unhappy with the makers of Tamanchey?
5 months ago 0The Fukrey heroine was nowhere to be seen on the day of the music launch for Tamanchey. Is she staying away from the movie promotional activities? We… Read Article ▶
Tamanchey song Pyar mein dil pe maar de goli teaser: Hear Bappi Lahiri's remixed version of the cult classic!
5 months ago 0Nikhil Dwivedi and Richa Chadha's upcoming desi love story seems to have instilled the desi-ness in the songs as well. Read to find out why we say… Read Article ▶
Richa Chadda refuses third film with Sunny Leone
7 months ago 0The Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye actor said this is just a mere co-incidence After declining Ragini MMS 2 and Tina and Lolo, Richa Chadda has now turned… Read Article ▶
Yogen Shah
Richa Chadha: I approached mom to help me out with my look in Main Aur Charles
7 months ago 0The beauty states that she asked her mother to help her out with the look in the film and even borrowed her jewellery for the same The Fukrey actor… Read Article ▶
Amit Sadh to throw a belated birthday bash!
8 months ago 0The actor, who recently turned 31, spent his birthday shooting for Guddu Rangeela But Amit Sadh now seems to be in a mood to party. (more…) Read Article ▶
Richa Chadha and Kalki Koechlin joined hands for a play!
9 months ago 0The two feisty gals will soon be seen in a film based on travel and a coming-of-age story titled Jiah aur Jiah. But before the audiences get to see… Read Article ▶
Sunny Leone-Sandhya Mridul kiss in Ragini MMS 2?
2 years ago 0We hear that this one is Ekta Kapoor's latest shock element for her loyal audiences. But does it make sense? Ekta Kapoor's Ragini MMS 2 is getting… Read Article ▶
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China Rongsheng Heavy Industries delivers the ninth and tenth 380,000-dwt class Very Large Ore Carriers (VLOCs).
Christened Vale Jiangsu and Vale Shinas, the two new Rongsheng-built 380,000 DWT class VLOCs have been delivered to Vale S.A. and Oman Shipping Company S.A.O.C. respectively.
Rongsheng say that the vessels adopt an environmentally friendly design to achieve lower oil consumption and reduce the emission of CO2, while operating efficiency exceeds that of most existing ore carriers. With Energy Efficiency Design Index recorded at approximately 1.99 during sea trials, Rongsheng-built VLOCs are in line with low-carbon green product initiative and meet the benchmark requirements on emission reduction set by International Maritime Organization, which came into effect as of 1 January 2013.
At this time, China Rongsheng Heavy Industries has delivered ten VLOCs (with one completed in 2011, six in 2012 and three in 2013) out of the 16 380,000 DWT class VLOCs ordered.
The shipbuilders add that the four VLOCs ordered by Oman Shipping Company S.A.O.C. have all been delivered. Despite ongoing challenges in the shipbuilding industry brought about by the global financial crisis and the European debt crisis, the delivery schedule of China Rongsheng Heavy Industries has not been unduly impacted.
Extension operations on MSC Sinfonia, the second out of four MSC cruise ships to undergo the Renaissance Programme of enhancements, have begunin the past days at Fincantieri shipyard in Palermo.
Government of Canada & Irving Shipbuilding mark signing of $2.3 billion AOPS build contract; 3,600 Jobs across Canada generated from Irving's NSPS commitments to
Korean shipbuilder Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME) will build four large Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers (LNGC) for Maran Gas. The four LNGCs
Despite a nearly 1-million ton increase in coal shipments on the Great Lakes in December, the surge was not enough to enable the trade to outperform 2013, the Lake Carriers' Association (LCA) said,
Nils Andersen, chief executive of AP Møller-Maersks, has warned that global trade will never return to scorching pre-crisis growth rates, in part because western
Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. today announced the delivery of the coal carrier Shin Yahagi Maru, which will serve Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. The vessel was delivered


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US 3538583 A Abstract available in Claims available in Description (OCR text may contain errors) L. GALOCKIN E AL MACHINE FOR ASSEMBLING SIFTER TOP PACKAGES Nov. 10, 1970 Filed July 5, 1968 4 Sheets$heet l NOV. 10, 1970 GALQCKIN ETAL 3,538,583 MACHINE FOR ASSEMBLING SIFTER TOP PACKAGES Filed July 5, 1968 4 Shee ts$heet 5 '32 .542 /29 2Q .nlul -62 I lllllll 56 l zgqegzezi fi /@2111?! Nov. 10, 1970 GALOGKIN ETAL 3,538,583 I MACHINE FOR ASSEMBLING SIFTER TOP PACKAGES Filed July 5, 1968 4 Sheets-Sheet 4- :QTTOENEPS United States Patent US. Cl. 29-208 17 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A machine for assembling a partially completer sifter container or dredger for granular material prior to the filling thereof. The particular type of dredger comprises an elongate tubular body having a return-bent interior flange at one end thereof, an apertured cover member fixedly secured within said body element and a perforated sifter top rotatably engaged within said tubular body between the cover member and said interior flange, and an opposite open end for filling the partially completed container. The machine employs a plurality of work stations which perform the following assembly steps: curling of the open end of the body element inwardly to provide the interior flange; insertion of the sifter top within the body element in engagement with said flange; and insertion of the apertured cover member in frictional en gagement with the interior walls of said body element to rotatably mount said sifter top between the flange and said cover member. These steps are performed with the sifter top and cover member each oriented in a predetermined position such that upon assembly the aperture in the cover member overlies or is in registry with an imperforated portion of the sifter top whereby subsequent filling of said dredger may be performed Without the danger of granular material being discharged inadvertently through openings in the superposed sifter top and cover member. The machine is constructed to permit its stations to operate concurrently so that a tubular body is delivered to the first station, and other tubular bodies are in some stage of partial assembly and in completed partial assembly and being withdrawn from the machine during each cycle of operation of the machine. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to automatic apparatus for assembling dredger or sifter-type dispensing containers for granular material or the like and more particularly, to an improved machine for assembling a plurality of partially completed containers sequentially which subsequently may be filled and sealed by the users of said containers. The sifter-type containers with which the machine embodying the invention is operable generally includes an elongate tubular body element having a sealed bottom and an apertured upper cover member with a sifter top rotatably affixed in superposed relationship to said cover. The tubular body has a return bent interior flange contiguous the upper end of the body which functions in conjunction with the apertured cover member to rotatably mount the sifter top. The normal practice in the art is for the manufacturer of the sifter top containers to supply these to the producer or filler of the granular material in a partially completed condition, i.e., without the bottom closure member in place. Thus, this bottom end is open in the partially assembled condition of the container. The filler inverts the containers for filling through the open bottom end and then seals each container by aflixing the bottom closure member thereto. Thus, it is absolutely essential that misalignment of the apertures or openings in the sifter top and the cover member be maintained during the filling operation; otherwise, the granular material will be discharged inadvertently, during filling from the container. In order to ensure the proper alignment of the sifter top and cover members, it was the prior art practice to assemble these dredges or sifter containers individually in manual steps. This manual method of assembly greatly increased the cost of production with attendant problems of manual opeartions and personnel problems. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the problems alluded to above by providing a machine which will automatically assemble a partially completed dredger in preparation for the filling operation, while ensuring the proper alignment or orientation of the sifter top and cover member to preclude seepage of the granular material during filling. The machine utilizes a plurality of work stations, at least two of which are employed to insert the perforated sifter top and apertured cover member. The sifter top inserting station employs means which orient the per- =forated portions of each sifter top such that upon insertion they are disposed in a predetermined spatial relationship with respect to the body element of the partially completed dredger. The cover member inserting station, which receives the dredgers from the sifter top inserting station, also employs means which disposes the cover members Within the body elements with the apertures in a predetermined position, whereby said apertures Will overlie imperforated portions of the previously oriented sifter tops and the several openings in these parts will be out of registry so that granular materials cannot be discharged inadvertently. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a completed sifter top container with a dust cover afiixed to the upper end thereof. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a partially completed container illustrated in an inverted position preparatory for filling. FIGS. 3a to 3e are sectional views illustrating the progressive steps performed by the machine embodying the invention in the mass-production of the partially completed container of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a schematic top plan view of a machine embodying the invention. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 55 of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a schematic representation, partially in section, of the curling station of the machine of FIG. 4, illustrating how the interior return-bent flange is formed on the upper end of the tubular body. FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the sifter top insertion station illustrating the manner in which the sifter top is engaged by a plunger and positioned within the tubular body. FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the cover member inserting station illustrating how a cover member is sequentially punched and frictionally engaged Within the tubular body. FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the dust cover inserting station. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an actual machine embodying the invention illustrated schematically in FIGS. 4 through 9. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the rear of the machine illustrated in FIG. 10, and more clearly illustrating the gravity feed arrangements for the sifter top, cover member, and dust cover inserting stations. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated, respectively, a completed and a partially completed sifter top container with which the invention is concerned. For the purposes of convenience and clarity, the container illustrated here, irrespective of degree of completeness, will be designated generally 20. The particular type of container 20 is comprised essentially of an elongate tubular body element 22, an upper cover member 24 having an aperture 25 formed therein, a sifter top 26 provided with dispensing perforations 27 and a pair of finger grips or protuberances 29 to facilitate turning thereof, an optional dust cover 28, and the lower or bottom closure 30. The closure member 30 is shown in FIG. 1, but is omitted from FIG. 2 since the latter is illustrative of the container formation as supplied to a filler with the closure member being supplied separately for subsequent assembly to the body 22 after filling. While the machine embodying the invention is designed primarily to provide a partially completed container for subsequent filling, it must be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. It is contemplated that the machine of the invention may be modified to add a filling station and a sealing station for afiixing the lower closure member 30 to the body element 22 either as a part thereof or is set up therewith as part of a line. The sequential steps for forming the partially completed dredger of FIG. 2 are illustrated in FIGS. 3a through 32. First, the uncurled tubular body 22 is subjected to a curling operation which return-bends an end thereof inwardly to define an interior curl or reversebent flange 32 illustrated in FIG. 3b. Next, the sifter top 26 is inserted into the curled body 22 in engagement with the flange 32, and thereafter, the apertured cardboard or plastic or metal disk or upper cover member 24 is inserted into the body 22 in position overlying and engaged upon the sifter top 26 as shown in FIGS. 30 and 3d. The engagement of the upper cover member 24 within the body 22 is of a frictional nature such that the sifter top 26 is rotatably mounted between the flange 32 and said cover member 24. The last step of the assembly is illustrated in FIG. 3e, and involves atfixing the dust cover 28 within the Well or space defined by the reverse-bent flange 32 and the sifter top 26. The dust cover 28, as well as the specific construction thereof, are optional features and may vary depending upon the spe cific requirements and desires of the filler. Attention is directed to the circumstance that in the partially completed dredger 20 of FIG. 32, aperture 25 in cover member 24 is in registry with or overlies on 4 imperforated portion of the sifter top 26. If this relationship is not achieved and the respective openings 25 and 27 are aligned or in registry to any degree, upon filling, the granular material will escape and fill the dust cover 28. Turning now to FIGS. 4 through 11, there is illustrated the automatic machine of the invention which will perform the sequential assembly steps illustrated in FIGS. 3a to 3e While ensuring the proper orientation of both the sifter top 26 and the cover member 24 so as to obviate any problems of leakage during the aforementioned filling operation. FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the machine of the invention, which will be designated generally 40. Machine 40 employs a plurality of work stations, the general construction and operation of which are illustrated in and will be described in connection with FIGS. 6 through 9. Machine 40 is provided with a turret and conveyor or transport arrangement 42, said turret having a plurality of stations or recesses 43 formed therein designed to receive and hold a body element 22 in various stages of assembly. 'In operation of the machine, there is employed a conventional drive arrangement (not shown) which uses a Geneva gear system driven from fractional horse-power motors through linkages for indexing movement of the turret 42. With this particular drive arrangement and gear system, the Work at the various stations will be performed simultaneously, each indexing of the turret 42 discharging a completed item. To supply the uncurled body elements 22 to the machine an infeed conveyor 44 and a pusher 46 are used. Accordingly, as the turret 42 indexes, pusher 46 will dispose an uncurled body element 22 in upright position in one of the recesses 43 in said turret 42. It should be noted that the uncurled body element 22 is supplied to machine 40 in an inverted position, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Continued indexing of the turret 42 will dispose the uncurled body element 22 approximate the curling station, which is designated generally as 50. At curling station 50, the upper edge of the body element 22 which is facing downwardly due to the inverted position of said element 22, is curled inwardly to form the reverse-bent flange or bead 32 shown in FIG. 3b. The general construction of curling station 50 is illustrated schematically in FIG. 6 and includes, a reciprocal curling die 52 having an annular forming groove 54 and a heating coil 56. When the uncurled body element 22 is positioned approximate the curling station 50, one edge thereof will align with the groove 54, while the other edge is positioned to be engaged by plunger 57. Accordingly, the plunger 57 will engage the body element 22 forcing same downwardly, while the die 52 is moved upwardly by way of the pusher 58 to engage the body element. This joint movement of the plunger 57 and the die 52 exerts proper pressure on the body element 22 in conjunction with the heating effect achieved by coil 56 so as to curl the end thereof inwardly to form the flange or bead 32. After flange 32 is formed, both the plunger 57 and the curling die 52 retract to permit the curled body element 22 to be indexed to the next work station, which is the sifter top inserting station. The sifter top inserting station is designated generally 60 in FIG. 4, and the general construction thereof is illustrated in FIG. 7. At the sifter top inserting station 60, a sifter top 26 is disposed within the curled body element 22 in engagement with flange 3-2 by a piston 62, as shown in FIG. 30. Associated with the piston 62 is a vacuum line 63 which is connected to a source of vacuum (not shown) so that as the sifter top is positioned beneath said piston 62, the vacuum pressure will hold said top 26 in engagement with the piston 62, thus permitting proper seating of said top on the flange 32, as illustrated in phantom in FIG. 7. The apparatus for supplying the sifter tops 26 to the inserting station 60 is illustrated schematically in FIG. 4 and can be viewed more readily in FIGS. 10 and 11. As was discussed previously, not only must the sifter top 26 be properly seated within the body element 22, but it must be inserted such that the perforated portions 27 are in a articular orientation with respect to said body element 22. To achieve such proper orientation, the sifter tops 26 are supplied to station 60 by way of a chute 64 which is associated with a part feeding device (not shown) of the type designed to supply parts in the particular orientation. Parts feeders of the type mentioned are known in the art, and those such as produced by the Syntron Company of Homer City, Pa. are well suited for use with the present invention, it thus being deemed unnecessary to elaborate on the particular construction thereof. Chute 64, as illustrated in FIG. 5, is comprised of an upper guide member 65 and a lower guide track 66. The lower guide track 66 is provided with an elongate channel 67 in which the protuberances 29 of the sifter tops 26 are disposed. Thus, as the sifter tops 26 move under the influence of gravity down the chute 64 along track 66, the orientation of the perforated portion 27 of each top will be the same and preferably that as illustrated in FIG. 4. Positioned at the lowermost point of chute 64 is a reciprocal pusher 68. The pusher 68 is operated to index an individual sifter top 26 into position for engagement by the piston 62 which will then dispose said top within the body element as described above. With the particular apparatus illustrated and described, the perforated portions 27 of the sifter tops 26 will always be disposed in the same relationship with respect to body element 22, i.e., they will lie along the line 69-69. Once the sifter top 26 is properly inserted within the body elements 22, the turret 42 will index thereby transferring the dredger to the cover member inserting station which is designated generally 70. The particular turret arrangement illustrated is an eight position unit, and accordingly, with the respective stations positioned in the manner illustrated it will take two indexing movements of the turret before the dredger 20 reaches the cover member inserting station 70. Also, it should be noted that as the turret indexes and transfers the dredger 20 from station to station, the position of a body element with respect to the turret 42 does not change so that the line 69-69 which represents the orientation of the perforations 27 will always form the same angle a with a radial line 71-71. The cover member inserting station 70, which is illustrated in detail in FIG. 8 employs inserting means similar to that used by the sifter top inserting station 60 in that a piston 72 having a vacuum line 73 is employed to dispose the cover members within the body elements 22. In actual practice, the respective pistons 62 and 72 are ganged and the vacuum lines 63 and 73 are connected to the same source of vacuum. The vacuum line 73 maintains the cover members 24 in engagement with the piston 72 during insertion, which is extremely important since the cover member 24 is slightly oversized so that it may be frictionally engaged with the inner walls of the body 22 to wedge same in place overlying the sifter top member 26. As was discussed previously, it is essential that the cover members 24 be inserted with their aperatures 25 in a predetremined position, namely, having their centers on a diametrical line disposed substantially at 90 degrees with respect to the line 6969. If such is the case, then proper orientation is ensured and the aperatures 25 will overlie imperforated portions of the sifter tops 26. To ensure the proper orientation of the cover member 24 when same is supplied to the piston 72, there is associated with the piston 72 a punch or a cutter 74 which forms the aperatures 25 in the cover member. The blank or imperforate cover mombers 24 are fed to the cutter 74 from a hopper 76 by means of a pusher 78 which is also used to force the punched or apertured cover member 24 into position for engagement by the piston 72. While this feed arrangement is illustrated schematically in FIG. 4 it actual construction in a working embodiment of the invention can be seen in FIG. 11. Accordingly, by use of the punch or cutter 74 to form aperture 25 immediately prior to disposition thereof within the body element 22, it is ensured that the aperture 25 of each cover member supplied to piston 72 will be in the same position or orientation. Taking into account the previously discussed orientation of the perforation 27 along the line 6969, by selecting the location for the punching of the apertures 25 it can be assured that said apertures will be properly aligned upon final assembly of the cover member 24 within the body element 22. After the sifter top 26 and the cover member 24 have been assembled within body element 22, dredger 20 is then ready for filling and may be discharged from the machine. With the embodiment shown in the drawings, however, there is provided a further work station for the aflixing of the dust cover 28, said cover aflixing station being designated generally 80. The dust covers 28 are supplied to the affixing station 80 by means of a gravity chute 82 in much the same manner as previously discussed with regard to the sifter tops 26. However, unlike the sifter tops 26, there is no need for the dust covers to be supplied in any specific orientation. Dust covers 28 are supplied individually to a point immediately below the dredger 20, as same arrives at the afiixing station 80. This is achieved by means of a separator mechanism 84 which is coupled to the overall gearing system of the machine. The separator mechanism 84 utilizes a spring-biased arm 85 and a pusher 86 which are ganged for alternate operation. Thus, as the arm 85 is retracted to permit one of the dust covers 28 to move doWn the chute 82, the pusher 78 is advanced to engage the said dust cover and move same into a position immediately below the dredger 20. The movement of the dust covers 28 along chute 82 may be facilitated by the use of an airjet supplied by the conduit 87. Referring now to FIG. 9, the means for afiixing the dust covers 28 to the dredger 20 is illustrated. At the dust cover aflixing station 80, there is provided a piston or plunger 88 having an upper planar surface 89 which receives the dust covers 28 from the pusher 86. Once received in the position illustrated and with the dredger 20 positioned approximate affixing station 80, the dust cover 28 will align with the well defined by interior flange 32 and the sifter top 24 of said dredger whereby upon operation of the piston 88 said cover may be fixed thereto. Upon indexing of the turret 42 after the dust cover 28 has been afiixed, dredger 20 will be engaged by a spring arm 90 which is eifective to remove the partially completed dredger from the recess 43 in turret 42. As the dredgers 20 are removed from the turret 42, they will be received by a discharge conveyor 92 for trans portaiton from the machine 40. In FIGS. 10 and 11, which have been alluded to previously in conjunction with the description of the schematic illustrations of FIGS. 4 and 9, there is shown an actual embodiment of a present invention with the various elements thereof bearing the same reference character as the corresponding parts of the previously discussed schematic representation. The machine or embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11 is designed to perform the sequence of operations illustrated in FIGS. 3a through 32. In addition, the apparatus at the various stations is adjustable so that dredges of various sizes may be accommodated. In addition, the machine 40 employs an eight position arrangement, with room for additional stations, it being intended that said machine may be adapted for other operations such as the filling and sealing of said dredgers. While the invention has been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is envisioned that means equivalent to those described and illustrated may be employed to perform the sequential steps described above Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, it is also envisioned that one or more of the discussed stations or operations may be omitted, for example, the body elements may be precurled prior to being supplied to said machine, thus eliminating the need for the curling station; or the dust cover affixing station may be omitted depending entirely upon the users requirements. What it is desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is: 1. A machine for automatically and sequentially assembling a plurality of like dispensing containers into a partially complete condition for thereafter being filled with granular material or the like, each container comprising an elongate tubular body having a return-bent interior flange at one end thereof, an apertured cover member secured within said body portion, and a perforated sifter top rotatively engaged 'within said body element between the cover member and said interior flange, and an opposite open end, said machine comprising: a curling station means for providing the interior flange on the said one end of a tubular body; a sifter top station including means for inserting the sifter top within a said tubular body in engagement with said interior flange, said sifter top station means including orienting means for positively positioning said sifter top with its perforations in a predetermined spatial relationship relative to the tubular body; and a cover inserting section including means for engaging an apertured cover member with in a tubular body in superposed relationship with respect to said sifter top and with the aperture therein in registry with an imperforate portion of said sifter top, whereby a partially completed container may be filled through said open end without the granular material being discharged through any of the openings in the superposed sifter top and cover member respectively of a container while being filled. 2. A machine as defined in claim 1 and further including a dust cover station having means for afiixing a dust cover to overlie said one end of a tubular body with its assembled cover member and sifter top. 3. A machine as defined in claim 1 wherein said sifter top inserting means includes a piston which engages and seats said sifter top within the tubular body in engagement with said interior flange. 4. A machine as defined in claim 3 wherein said piston includes vacuum means for maintaining the engagement between the piston and the sifter top during the inserting step. 5. A machine as defined in claim 1 wherein said orienting means includes a track over which said sifter tops travel, said track having an elongate groove extending along its length for receiving protuberances formed on said sifter tops at preselected locations, whereby to positively position the perforated portions of each sifter top similarly oriented with respect to each tubular body in which the same is inserted by said sifter top inserting means. 6. A machine as defined in claim 1 wherein said cover inserting means includes a piston operable to force the cover member into the tubular body with the marginal edges of the apertured cover member in frictional contact with the interior walls of the tubular body. 7. A machine as defined in claim 6 wherein said piston includes vacuum means to maintain engagement between the piston and the cover member during disposition of said cover member in said tubular body. 8. A machine as defined in claim 1 and in combination, further including cutter appaartus associated with said apertured cover member inserting means, said cutter apparatus operable to form the aperture in said cover member immediately prior to insertion thereof into said tubular body and at a predetermined location whereby said cover member will be so positioned with respect to the 8 previously oriented sifter top that said aperture therein overlies an imperforate portion of said sifter top. 9. A machine as defined in claim 1 wherein said curling station means includes a die having an annular forming groove, and a plunger for forcing said one end of the tubular body into said groove to curl said end inwardly thereby defining said interior flange. 10. A machine as defined in claim 9 and including a heating means associated with said die to facilitate the curling operation. 11. A machine as define in claim 1 including conveyor means for delivering tubular bodies to the stations of the machine and for removing the partially completed containers. 12. A machine as defined in claim 1 in which each station is operated concurrently in a mass-production type operation. 13. A machine as defined in claim 1 in which said sifter top inserting means and aperture cover inserting means are ganged for concurrent operation. 14. A machine for automatically assembling a partiall completed dredger for granular material or the like, said dredger including an elongate tubular body element having an interior flange on one end thereof, a cover member having an aperture formed therein and being frictionally disposed within said body element, and a perforate sifter top disposed in engagement with said flange and interposed between said apertured cover member and said flange, whereby said sifter top may be rotated to align the perforated portions thereof with said aperture to permit dispensing of the granular material, said machine comprising: means for inserting a sifter top within a body element having an interior flange formed on one end thereof, said means including apparatus to align and orient said sifter top such that the perforated portions thereof are in a predetermined position with respect to said body element upon insertion of said sifter top therein, and additional inserting means for disposing the aperture cover member within the body element and in engagement with the sifter top, said additional inserting means orienting the apertured cover member with respect to the body portion such that the aperture formed therein overlies an imperforated portion of said sifter top, whereby said dredger may be filled subsequently without danger of the granular material escaping through aligned openings in the superposed sifter top and cover member. 15. A machine for automatically assembling a partially completed dredger for granular material or the like, said dredger including an elongate tubular body element having an interior flange on one end thereof, a cover member having an aperture formed therein and being frictionally disposed within said body element, and a perforate sifter top disposed in engagement with said flange and interposed between said apertured cover member and said flange, whereby said sifter top may be rotated to align the perforated portions thereof with said aperture to permit dispensing of the granular material, said machine comprising: means for providing an interior flange on one end of the body member, means for inserting the perforated sifter top within said body member in engagement with said interior flange such that the perforated portions thereof are oriented in a predetermined relationship with respect to the body element, and means for inserting the apertured cover member frictionally within the body portion in engagement with the sifter top and in a predetermined orientation with respect to said body element, such that said aperture formed therein overlies an imperforated portion of the sifter top. 16. The machine as defined in claim 15 further including conveyor apparatus for transmitting the partially assembled container from one of said means to the other. 17. A machine for partially assembling a dredger prior to the filling thereof with a granular material, said dredger comprising an elongate tubular body element having a reverse-bent interior flange formed on one end thereof, a cover member frictionally disposed in said body element and having a dispensing aperture formed therein, and a perforated, relatively rotatable sifter top disposed between said flange and said apertured cover member, said machine comprising: a curling station including a die for forming the reverse-bent flange on one end of the embodied element, a sifter top inserting station including means for disposing a sitter top Within the body element in engagement with the reverse-bent flange, said means including apparatus for orienting said top such that the perforated portions thereof are disposed in a predetermined relationship with respect to the body element, a cover member inserting station including means for frictionally engaging a cover member Within the body element in a contiguous predetermined relationship with respect to said sifter top such that the apertures formed in said cover member overlies an imperforated portion of the sifter top, and a dust cover afiixing station including means for assembling a dust cover on said embodied element to overlie and block said one end thereof, and a conveyor means for transporting the partially completed dredgers from one station to the other, said conveyor means including infeed and discharge apparatus. References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,374,605 3/1968 Satchwell et al. THOMAS H. EAGER, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 29-211 zg ggg UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION 3,538,583,- Dated November 10, 1970 Patent No Invencofls), Lohgfn Galo'ekifi, 'w alterfiu- G1azewski',.Eugene R-. S'itkowki it 1s -c'er ti'f 1ed 113: error appears in the above ident'ifled' petent and that said Le tter ze Pateht are hereby-oon-ectedas shown below: Colfiinn 1., line 14,. before "si'fter change -"comp1eter" to ----.c'omp1ete' d- Column 5,' line 49, before."within-" change "25'? to "24; Column 5, line 71, after ".cpver'Ychange "members"; to -'--members---; Colunm 6,1'11ne 1, before "Factual." change "it"fto --its- Column 6, lines 54 and 55, after T'for" ohan'ge ;'-'tran sporta1 ton7" e 'to.---i:tr:an53- 50rtation' Co1umn'7, claim 1,v1in e'"28,, after. "'i nelerti'pg'j c h agg e "sectiori'" to s1: at1on I I. Column 7, cleim 8Q'11ne70, after "cutter" change "appa artus"' to Column-8', claim 11, line .11 after '-.'as" change "define" to 9, line 16, delete- "s" after "apertures". mi? 5 ZEZHLED JFebuar'y 9 1971 m 1:. mm, m- I 1; ts ttening Offioer winner of Pa on Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Anyone that buys a home inSubmitted by Guest427 (not verified) on Sat, 07/12/2008 - 3:58pm.
Anyone that buys a home in any neighborhood where there is an HOA and signs the papers knowing that they are bound by these rules, gets exactly what he/she deserves when the HOA starts hasseling them.
Reply |


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2008-12-08 10:59:00
The Hockey News player of the week for the period of Dec. 1-7 is Chicago Blackhawks center Jonathan Toews.
The super sophomore tallied six points in three games during the week, capping it off with a game-winning goal and an assist in the Blackhawks' 7-1 rout of Phoenix Sunday.
Toews also had the game-winner in Chicago's 4-2 win over Anaheim Wednesday and scored two goals in the Hawks' 5-4 shootout loss to Detroit Saturday.
He had three, multi-point games on the week.
This Week - Subscribe NowDo you think the AHL's new Pacific division will be a success?


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Research Assistance
Special Collections and University Archives is committed to providing excellent educational and research opportunities to the Stony Brook University community, visiting scholars, and remote users.
The department will be closed from December 18, 2014 to January 5, 2015.
For assistance and for more information about the collections, please contact:
Long Island: The Sunrise Homeland, 1929. |
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Head, Special Collections and University Archives
University Archivist
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Frank Melville, Jr. Memorial Library, Room E-2320
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Subject specialist: Italian Studies and Italian American Studies
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text:
Money from Pfizer
FFA Recipients: Gothenburg's FFA organization received a $1,021 check from Pfizer Animal Health last week from a percentage of the company's veterinary sales. More than 4.2 million has been donated nationwide to FFA chapters and veterinary student scholarship funds through Pfizer's program. FFA students said the money will be used to send students to conferences, conventions and for speakers. Pictured are, l-r: Kaylee Beyea, parliamentarian; Tyler Block, treasurer; John Burks, office manager at Eastside Animal Center; Morgan Kowalewski, president; and Don Hubbell of Pfizer Animal Health.
Latest Headlines
- Friendly fuel prices hit town
- Gothenburg defense limits Broken Bow to just 21 points
- Upon further review, loss to Cozad wasn't so bad
- Brady on both sides of blowout
- Cozad's Dollar General moves to new location
- Women in Agriculture celebrates 30 years of offering programs
- Shadow's smell serves diabetic sisters
- Sewer hike, zoning changes approved


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Where will you be 6 to 9 p.m. Thursday, June 21? Harry's Continental Kitchens is hosting a Summer Solstice Soirée to benefit the Surfrider Foundation. The Surfrider Foundation is dedicated to the protection and enjoyment of the world's oceans, waves and beaches. There will be fresh-food stations, creative cocktails, wine and exotic beers, and live music by AMI's Colton McKenna. Cost is $25 per person.
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- Feb
8 Sarasota Music Half Marathon
7:00 am - 6:00 am - Feb
12 Longboat Key Chamber of Commerce Networking Luncheon
11:30 am - 1:30 pm - Feb
14 New Exhibit "Oh Baby" Life Cycles of the Seas
10:00 am - 5:00 pm - Feb
17 Hospitabull Evening 'A Taste of Israel'
6:00 pm
FYI Friday — Your weekly news roundup
Catch up on the week's most important and most interesting news stories from Sarasota, Longboat Key and East County with FYI Friday. -
Johnson Estate sells for $5.3 million
The home was once listed for $13 million but was most recently listed for $7.5 million. -
PHOTO GALLERY: Key Niners golf tournament
The Key Niners Women's Golf Association hosted 12 clubs and more than 120 women on Jan. 29 for a golf tournament.


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Winnipeg As "...a Unit of 20"
Nation World HQ
November 26 2011 08:08AM
Claude Noel should be given some credit. After a rocky start, the head coach of the Winnipeg Jets is starting to get a pretty good feel for his hockey team.
Friday night, shortly after Noel's Winnipeg Jets beat the Carolina Hurricanes 3-1 in Raieigh to go 1-0-1 on this three-game road swing, Noel told reporters, "We play pretty well when we play as a unit of 20. I like the way we played tonight and I like our group."
Jason Strudwick
November 24 2011 03:34PM
Last week Archaeology asked a great question about players accepting different roles on a team. This is an interesting topic that GMs, Coaches and players alike wrestle with every year.
November 24 News and Notes
Robert Cleave
November 24 2011 11:50AM
The quarter pole has arrived in the NHL season, and News and Notes is back to examine the state of affairs around the Nation and the league. In this episode, the Flames head for the bottom, the Oilers bounce back, and hockey's best rejoins the action.
10 Things We've Learned
Nation World HQ
November 24 2011 09:54AM
Here are the 10 things we learned during Wednesday night's 4-3 Jets overtime loss in Washington:
1. The Jets are now 8-9-4 after the loss to Washington. Caude Noel's team is so close to being good, it's scary. But dumb mistakes, by both the players and the coach, have cost the Jets at least seven points this season. Take the stupidity out of the turnovers, bad pinches, 3-on-2 and 2-on-1 rushes, the mishandling of personnel and bad goals and the Jets might be golden. As it is, they're 13th in the East.
Dustin Byfuglien: Turning It Around
Jonathan Willis
November 22 2011 05:12PM
Ten games into the season, Dustin Byfuglien's numbers were terrible. In those 10 contests, Byfuglien had one goal and three assists, along with a minus-5 rating. Those numbers, however seem to have turned a corner. In the last 10 games, Byfuglien has three goals, seven assists, and a respectable minus-1 rating. What happened?


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Stunning blonde Stella Delcroix posing on the sofa.
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Cassel, Turner nearly teamed in Cleveland
Who knows? Perhaps if quarterback Matt Cassel had signed with Cleveland last year and played well, Johnny Football might be somewhere else.
"You never know in this league," Cassel said with a laugh.
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Update: We have added the EmaLee Arroyo-directed visuals for L'Orange's Need You single.
Nearly two years after making his last Booth appearance with the reader-acclaimed Alone, indie beatsmith L'Orange makes his return to our pages with Need You, a fresh cut off his next studio album. Despite the time that's passed, it feels like the North Carolina native's picked up right where he left off. Not only does this record possess a similarly soulful, smoky vibe as the aforementioned joint, but it finds him rejoining forces with the same guest spitter. West Coast rapper and producer Blu jumps on the headliner's boom-bap percussion, chopped vocal samples and jazzy percussion to spit verses jam-packed with vivid wordplay and witty braggadocio. Featuring this atmospheric jam as well as collaborations with the likes of Homeboy Sandman and billy woods, The Orchid Days is scheduled for release April 15 (digital) and 18 (physical) via Mello Music Group.
L'OrangeBlu Music VideosIndieLyrical
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Publications (59)129.62 Total impact
Conference Paper: Adjusting for area-level confounding by neighborhood: Implications for addressing racial and ethnic disparities in dental care
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Racial/ethnic disparities in access to oral health care have been documented for decades in the United States, yet little progress has been made in reducing these inequalities. Using 2008 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, dramatic changes in the estimates for receiving recent dental cleanings by race/ethnicity were observed after appropriately accounting for neighborhood confounding using conditional pseudolikelihood methods with an ordinal dental cleaning outcome (the methodological aspects of this work have been published). This analysis revealed that if zip code differences were accounted for, minority populations had equal or better outcomes than Whites. For example, with income and neighborhood included in the model, in addition to age, gender, education, and health insurance, Hispanics had significantly higher odds of receiving recent dental cleanings than Whites (OR 3.67, 95% CI: 1.79, 7.52). These findings highlight the immense impact that area-level factors can have on racial/ethnic differences in dental care utilization. One way to facilitate progress in identifying and acting upon underlying disparities mechanisms is to make area-level data more accessible for communities to use and easily link to surveillance data. Regional discussions addressing social disparities across areas are also needed, along with increased awareness among practitioners and communities that determinants of racial/ethnic inequalities in oral health extend beyond behavioral inadequacies. Significant disparities are likely to persist if we continue to fall short of addressing the underlying structural and social determinants.142nd APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition 2014; 11/2014 - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to quantify how school sanitation conditions are associated with pupils' use of sanitation facilities. We conducted a longitudinal assessment in 60 primary schools in Nyanza Province, Kenya, using structured observations to measure facility conditions and pupils' use at specific facilities. We used multivariable mixed regression models to characterize how pupil to toilet ratio was associated with toilet use at the school-level and also how facility conditions were associated with pupils' use at specific facilities. We found a piecewise linear relationship between decreasing pupil to toilet ratio and increasing pupil toilet use (p < 0.01). Our data also revealed significant associations between toilet use and newer facility age (p < 0.01), facility type (p < 0.01), and the number of toilets in a facility (p < 0.01). We found some evidence suggesting facility dirtiness may deter girls from use (p = 0.06), but not boys (p = 0.98). Our study is the first to rigorously quantify many of these relationships, and provides insight into the complexity of factors affecting pupil toilet use patterns, potentially leading to a better allocation of resources for school sanitation, and to improved health and educational outcomes for children.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 09/2014; 11(9):9694-9711. · 1.99 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Reasons for health disparities may include neighborhood-level factors, such as availability of health services, social norms, and environmental determinants, as well as individual-level factors. Investigating health inequalities using nationally or locally representative data often requires an approach that can accommodate a complex sampling design, in which individuals have unequal probabilities of selection into the study. The goal of the present article is to review and compare methods of estimating or accounting for neighborhood influences with complex survey data. We considered 3 types of methods, each generalized for use with complex survey data: ordinary regression, conditional likelihood regression, and generalized linear mixed-model regression. The relative strengths and weaknesses of each method differ from one study to another; we provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of each method theoretically, in terms of the nature of the estimable associations and the plausibility of the assumptions required for validity, and also practically, via a simulation study and 2 epidemiologic data analyses. The first analysis addresses determinants of repeat mammography screening use using data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey. The second analysis addresses disparities in preventive oral health care using data from the 2008 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey.American journal of epidemiology 04/2014; · 4.98 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Much attention has been paid to estimating the causal effect of adherence to a randomized protocol using instrumental variables to adjust for unmeasured confounding. Researchers tend to use the instrumental variable within one of the three main frameworks: regression with an endogenous variable, principal stratification, or structural-nested modeling. We found in our literature review that even in simple settings, causal interpretations of analyses with endogenous regressors can be ambiguous or rely on a strong assumption that can be difficult to interpret. Principal stratification and structural-nested modeling are alternative frameworks that render unambiguous causal interpretations based on assumptions that are, arguably, easier to interpret. Our interest stems from a wish to estimate the effect of cluster-level adherence on individual-level binary outcomes with a three-armed cluster-randomized trial and polytomous adherence. Principal stratification approaches to this problem are quite challenging because of the sheer number of principal strata involved. Therefore, we developed a structural-nested modeling approach and, in the process, extended the methodology to accommodate cluster-randomized trials with unequal probability of selecting individuals. Furthermore, we developed a method to implement the approach with relatively simple programming. The approach works quite well, but when the structural-nested model does not fit the data, there is no solution to the estimating equation. We investigate the performance of the approach using simulated data, and we also use the approach to estimate the effect on pupil absence of school-level adherence to a randomized water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention in western Kenya. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Statistics in Medicine 11/2013; · 2.04 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Motivated by an application with complex survey data, we show that for logistic regression with a simple matched-pairs design, infinitely replicating observations and maximizing the conditional likelihood results in an estimator exactly identical to the unconditional maximum likelihood estimator based on the original sample, which is inconsistent. Therefore, applying conditional likelihood methods to a pseudosample with observations replicated a large number of times can lead to an inconsistent estimator; this casts doubt on one possible approach to conditional logistic regression with complex survey data. We speculate that for more general designs, an asymptotic equivalence holds.Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods 09/2013; 42(18). · 0.28 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: SUMMARY The impact of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access on mitigating illness is well documented, although impact of school-based WASH on school-aged children has not been rigorously explored. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in Nyanza Province, Kenya to assess the impact of a school-based WASH intervention on diarrhoeal disease in primary-school pupils. Two study populations were used: schools with a nearby dry season water source and those without. Pupils attending 'water-available' schools that received hygiene promotion and water treatment (HP&WT) and sanitation improvements showed no difference in period prevalence or duration of illness compared to pupils attending control schools. Those pupils in schools that received only the HP&WT showed similar results. Pupils in 'water-scarce' schools that received a water-supply improvement, HP&WT and sanitation showed a reduction in diarrhoea incidence and days of illness. Our study revealed mixed results on the impact of improvements to school WASH improvements on pupil diarrhoea.Epidemiology and Infection 05/2013; · 2.49 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The CHIRP Study is a two-arm, pilot randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of a behavioral family weight management intervention in an important and at-risk population, overweight young children, 3 to 6years of age, and their parents from underserved rural counties. Participants will include 96 parent-child dyads living in rural counties in north central Florida. Families will be randomized to one of two conditions: (a) Behavioral Family Based Intervention or (b) a Waitlist Control. Child and parent participants will be assessed at baseline (month 0), post-treatment (month 4), and follow-up (month 10). Assessments and intervention sessions will be held at the Cooperative Extension office in each participating rural county. The primary outcome measure is change in child body mass index (BMI) z-score. Additional key outcome measures include child dietary intake, physical activity, and parent BMI. This study is unique because (1) it is one of the few randomized controlled trails examining a behavioral family intervention to address healthy habits and improved weight status in young overweight and obese children, (2) addresses health promotion in rural settings, (3) examines intervention delivery in real world community settings through the Cooperative Extension Service offices. If successful, this research has potential implications for medically underserved rural communities and preventative health services for young children and their families.Contemporary clinical trials 11/2012; · 1.51 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In order to adjust individual-level covariate effects for confounding due to unmeasured neighborhood characteristics, we have recently developed conditional pseudolikelihood methods to estimate the parameters of a proportional odds model for clustered ordinal outcomes with complex survey data. The methods require sampling design joint probabilities for each within-neighborhood pair. In the present article, we develop a similar methodology for a baseline category logit model for clustered multinomial outcomes and for a loglinear model for clustered count outcomes. All of the estimators and asymptotic sampling distributions we present can be conveniently computed using standard logistic regression software for complex survey data, such as sas proc surveylogistic. We demonstrate validity of the methods theoretically and also empirically by using simulations. We apply the new method for clustered multinomial outcomes to data from the 2008 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey in order to investigate disparities in frequency of dental cleaning both unadjusted and adjusted for confounding by neighborhood. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Statistics in Medicine 09/2012; · 2.04 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: When investigating health disparities, it can be of interest to explore whether adjustment for socioeconomic factors at the neighborhood level can account for, or even reverse, an unadjusted difference. Recently, we proposed new methods to adjust the effect of an individual-level covariate for confounding by unmeasured neighborhood-level covariates using complex survey data and a generalization of conditional likelihood methods. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are a popular alternative to conditional likelihood methods in many circumstances. Therefore, in the present article, we propose and investigate a new adaptation of GLMMs for complex survey data that achieves the same goal of adjusting for confounding by unmeasured neighborhood-level covariates. With the new GLMM approach, one must correctly model the expectation of the unmeasured neighborhood-level effect as a function of the individual-level covariates. We demonstrate using simulations that even if that model is correct, census data on the individual-level covariates are sometimes required for consistent estimation of the effect of the individual-level covariate. We apply the new methods to investigate disparities in recency of dental cleaning, treated as an ordinal outcome, using data from the 2008 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. We operationalize neighborhood as zip code and merge the BRFSS data with census data on ZIP Code Tabulated Areas to incorporate census data on the individual-level covariates. We compare the new results to our previous analysis, which used conditional likelihood methods. We find that the results are qualitatively similar. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Statistics in Medicine 09/2012; · 2.04 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Due to time-dependent confounding by blood pressure and differential loss to follow-up, it is difficult to estimate the effectiveness of aggressive versus conventional antihypertensive combination therapies in non-randomized comparisons. METHODS: We utilized data from 22,576 hypertensive coronary artery disease patients, prospectively enrolled in the INternational VErapamil-Trandolapril STudy (INVEST). Our post-hoc analyses did not consider the randomized treatment strategies, but instead defined exposure time-dependently as aggressive treatment ([greater than or equal to]3 concomitantly used antihypertensive medications) versus conventional treatment ([less than or equal to]2 concomitantly used antihypertensive medications). Study outcome was defined as time to first serious cardiovascular event (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or all-cause death). We compared hazard ratio (HR) estimates for aggressive vs. conventional treatment from a Marginal Structural Cox Model (MSCM) to estimates from a standard Cox model. Both models included exposure to antihypertensive treatment at each follow-up visit, demographics, and baseline cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure. The MSCM further adjusted for systolic blood pressure at each follow-up visit, through inverse probability of treatment weights. RESULTS: 2,269 (10.1%) patients experienced a cardiovascular event over a total follow-up of 60,939 person-years. The HR for aggressive treatment estimated by the standard Cox model was 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.87-1.07). The equivalent MSCM, which was able to account for changes in systolic blood pressure during follow-up, estimated a HR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.71-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Using a MSCM, aggressive treatment was associated with a lower risk for serious cardiovascular outcomes compared to conventional treatment. In contrast, a standard Cox model estimated similar risks for aggressive and conventional treatments.BMC Medical Research Methodology 08/2012; 12(1):119. · 2.17 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Model-based standardization enables adjustment for confounding of a population-averaged exposure effect on an outcome. It requires either a model for the probability of the exposure conditional on the confounders (an exposure model) or a model for the expectation of the outcome conditional on the exposure and the confounders (an outcome model). The methodology can also be applied to estimate averaged exposure effects within categories of an effect modifier and to test whether these effects differ or not. Recently, we extended that methodology for use with complex survey data, to estimate the effects of disability status on cost barriers to health care within three age categories and to test for differences. We applied the methodology to data from the 2007 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey (BRFSS). The exposure modeling and outcome modeling approaches yielded two contrasting sets of results. In the present paper, we develop and apply to the BRFSS example two doubly robust approaches to testing and estimating effect modification with complex survey data; these approaches require that only one of these two models be correctly specified. Furthermore, assuming that at least one of the models is correctly specified, we can use the doubly robust approaches to develop and apply goodness-of-fit tests for the exposure and outcome models. We compare the exposure modeling, outcome modeling, and doubly robust approaches in terms of a simulation study and the BRFSS example. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Statistics in Medicine 07/2012; · 2.04 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To examine the concept of leukoaraiosis thresholds on working memory, visuoconstruction, memory, and language in dementia. A consecutive series of 83 individuals with insidious onset/progressive dementia clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD) or small vessel vascular dementia (VaD) completed neuropsychological measures assessing working memory, visuoconstruction, episodic memory, and language. A clinical MRI scan was used to quantify leukoaraiosis, total white matter, hippocampus, lacune, and intracranial volume. We performed analyses to detect the lowest level of leukoaraiosis associated with impairment on the neuropsychological measures. Leukoaraiosis ranged from 0.63% to 23.74% of participants' white matter. Leukoaraiosis explained a significant amount of variance in working memory performance when it involved 3% or more of the white matter with curve estimations showing the relationship to be nonlinear in nature. Greater leukoaraiosis (13%) was implicated for impairment in visuoconstruction. Relationships between leukoaraiosis, episodic memory, and language measures were linear or flat. Leukoaraiosis involves specific threshold points for working memory and visuoconstructional tests in AD/VaD spectrum dementia. These data underscore the need to better understand the threshold at which leukoaraiosis affects and alters the phenotypic expression in insidious onset dementia syndromes.Neurology 07/2012; 79(8):734-40. · 8.30 Impact Factor -
Article: Adjusting for confounding by neighborhood using a proportional odds model and complex survey data.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In social epidemiology, an individual's neighborhood is considered to be an important determinant of health behaviors, mediators, and outcomes. Consequently, when investigating health disparities, researchers may wish to adjust for confounding by unmeasured neighborhood factors, such as local availability of health facilities or cultural predispositions. With a simple random sample and a binary outcome, a conditional logistic regression analysis that treats individuals within a neighborhood as a matched set is a natural method to use. The authors present a generalization of this method for ordinal outcomes and complex sampling designs. The method is based on a proportional odds model and is very simple to program using standard software such as SAS PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina). The authors applied the method to analyze racial/ethnic differences in dental preventative care, using 2008 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data. The ordinal outcome represented time since last dental cleaning, and the authors adjusted for individual-level confounding by gender, age, education, and health insurance coverage. The authors compared results with and without additional adjustment for confounding by neighborhood, operationalized as zip code. The authors found that adjustment for confounding by neighborhood greatly affected the results in this example.American journal of epidemiology 04/2012; 175(11):1133-41. · 4.98 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We investigated the psychometric properties of the 68-item Safe Driving Behavior Measure (SDBM) with 80 older drivers, 80 caregivers, and 2 evaluators from two sites. Using Rasch analysis, we examined unidimensionality and local dependence; rating scale; item- and person-level psychometrics; and item hierarchy of older drivers, caregivers, and driving evaluators who had completed the SDBM. The evidence suggested the SDBM is unidimensional, but pairs of items showed local dependency. Across the three rater groups, the data showed good person (≥3.4) and item (≥3.6) separation as well as good person (≥.93) and item reliability (≥.92). Cronbach's α was ≥.96, and few items were misfitting. Some of the items did not follow the hypothesized order of item difficulty. The SDBM classified the older drivers into six ability levels, but to fully calibrate the instrument it must be refined in terms of its items (e.g., item exclusion) and then tested among participants of lesser ability.The American journal of occupational therapy.: official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association 02/2012; 66(2):233-41. · 1.70 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We used Safe Driving Behavior Measure (SDBM) to determine rater reliability and rater effects (erratic responses, severity, leniency) in three rater groups: 80 older drivers (mean age = 73.26, standard deviation = 5.30), 80 family members or caregivers (age range = 20-85 yr), and two driving evaluators. Rater agreement was significant only between the evaluators and the family members or caregivers. Participants rated driving ability without erratic effects. We observed an overall rater effect only between the evaluator and family members or caregivers, with the evaluators being the more severe rater group. Training family members or caregivers to rate driving behaviors more consistently with the evaluator's ratings may enhance the SDBM's usability and provide a role for occupational therapists to interpret proxy reports as an entry point for logical and efficient driving safety interventions.The American journal of occupational therapy.: official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association 01/2012; 66(1):69-77. · 1.70 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Objectives There has been increased attention to access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) at schools in developing countries, but a dearth of empirical studies on the impact. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of school-based WASH on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya, from 2007 to 2008. Methods Public primary schools nested in three geographical strata were randomly assigned and allocated to one of three study arms [water treatment and hygiene promotion (WT & HP), additional sanitation improvement, or control] to assess the effects on pupil absence at 2-year follow-up. Results We found no overall effect of the intervention on absence. However, among schools in two of the geographical areas not affected by post-election violence, those that received WT and HP showed a 58% reduction in the odds of absence for girls (OR 0.42, CI 0.21-0.85). In the same strata, sanitation improvement in combination with WT and HP resulted in a comparable drop in absence, although results were marginally significant (OR 0.47, 0.21-1.05). Boys were not impacted by the intervention. Conclusion School WASH improvements can improve school attendance for girls, and mechanisms for gendered impacts should be explored. Incomplete intervention compliance highlights the challenges of achieving consistent results across all settings.Tropical Medicine & International Health 12/2011; 17(3):380-391. · 2.30 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Despite a considerable number of studies describing the relationship between area-level socioeconomic conditions and mammography screening, definitive conclusions have yet to be drawn. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between area-level socioeconomic position (SEP) and repeat mammography screening, using nationwide U.S. census SEP data linked to a nationally representative sample of women who participated in the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). An area-level SEP index using 2000 U.S. census tract data was constructed and categorized into quartiles, including information on unemployment, poverty, housing values, annual family income, education, and occupation. Repeat mammography utilization (dichotomous variable) was defined as having three mammograms over the course of 6 years (24-month interval), which must have included a recent mammogram (in past 2 years). Results were obtained by ordinary multivariable logistic regression for survey data. Women ages 46 to 79 years (n = 7,352) were included in the analysis. In a model adjusted for sociodemographics, health care factors, and known correlates of mammography screening, women living in more disadvantaged areas had lower odds of engaging in repeat mammography than women living in the most advantaged areas [OR comparing quartile 4 (most disadvantaged) to quartile 1 (most advantaged) = 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.80]. The results of this nationwide study support the hypothesis that area-level SEP is independently associated with mammography utilization. These findings underscore the importance of addressing area-level social inequalities, if uptake of mammography screening guidelines is to be realized across all social strata.Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 09/2011; 20(11):2331-44. · 4.56 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We show via simulation and counterexamples that the Mantel-Haenszel estimator of a common odds ratio, adapted for complex survey designs using survey weights, is inconsistent for sparse-data limiting models. We also propose an alternative estimator that is consistent for sparse-data limiting models satisfying a positivity condition, but not for large-strata limiting models.Statistics [?] Probability Letters 09/2011; 81(9):1465-1470. · 0.53 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to quantify and describe the population of young adults with disability in Florida and to assess correlates of healthcare access in this population in contrast with adults belonging to middle and older age groups. This study analyzed data of 36,704 respondents obtained from the 2007 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. A test for homogeneity of the risk difference across the three age groups was conducted using inverse weighting to adjust for confounding and selection bias. The adjusted model for risk difference of not being able to see a doctor in the past 12 months because of cost was significantly heterogeneous across age groups (χ(2)(2df)F value = 12.40, p < .01). The risk difference between population of young adults with disability and their age peers decreased significantly across the groups. The risk difference was 15.5% for those aged 18-29, 11.9% for those aged 30-64, and 2.1% for those aged ≥65. This article quantifies the differences in risk and access to health care between young adults with and without disability, using population-based data. It provides indirect evidence of the widely held belief that there is a problem in healthcare transition in the United States warranting continued investigation and intervention.Journal of Adolescent Health 08/2011; 49(2):219-21. · 2.75 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Older adults, family members, and professionals may benefit from a safe driving behaviour self-/proxy-report. During development of the Safe Driving Behavior Measure (SDBM), we conducted focus groups to (1) generate items based on respondents' driving experiences, and (2) obtain SDBM item-refinement feedback. Twenty-three older drivers (mean age 70.5, SD = 4.5) and eight family members (mean age 50, SD = 20) from Ontario and Florida described safe driving behaviour (Focus Groups 1 and 2) and critiqued the SDBM (Focus Group 3). We coded responses using content and thematic analyses. Findings from Focus Groups 1 and 2 generated 23 themes (e.g., others' erratic driving) leading to 16 new items (e.g., avoiding collisions). Focus Group 3 findings generated 13 item revisions (e.g., indicating number of highway lanes). Implications. Using focus group findings, we created a version of the SDBM for future testing of construct validity with older drivers.Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 04/2011; 78(2):72-9. · 0.74 Impact Factor
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text:
Normal and Pathologic Findings
Miclaus, Gratian, Ples, Horia
2014, XI, 198 p. 489 illus., 355 illus. in color.
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This atlas presents normal and pathologic findings observed on CT angiography with 3D reconstruction in a diverse range of clinical applications, including the imaging of cerebral, carotid, thoracic, coronary, abdominal, and peripheral vessels. The superb illustrations display the excellent anatomic detail obtained with CT angiography and depict the precise location of affected structures and lesion severity. Careful comparisons between normal imaging features and pathologic appearances will assist the reader in image interpretation and treatment planning, and the described cases include some very rare pathologies. In addition, the technical principles of the modality are clearly explained and guidance provided on imaging protocols. This atlas will be of value both to those in training and to more experienced practitioners within not only radiology but also cardiovascular surgery, neurosurgery, cardiology, and neurology.
Content Level » Professional/practitioner
Keywords » Aneurisms - CT Angiography - Carotid Imaging - Cerebral Imaging - Congenital Malformations - Stenosis
Related subjects » Cardiology & Angiology - Neurology - Radiology
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Straight from VT, this 1957 Chevrolet 210 hardtop was a frame off restoration in 1996. The car was built in Oakland CA (according to... More
WOW! This 68 Pontiac GTO convertible is nothing short of AWESOME. We are very excited to offer such a high quality piece of American... More
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text:
Police Officer Resigns After Arrest
POSTED: Friday, March 16, 2012 - 9:05pm
UPDATED: Monday, March 19, 2012 - 7:53am
EL PASO -- An El Paso Police Officer arrested earlier this week for shoplifting has resigned from the police department.
On Tuesday, police said a Walmart security officer saw Anthony Weathersbee put items in his pocket. Weathersbee then paid for some items but not what was in his pocket.
Weathersbee was arrested for theft.
He was a 15 year veteran of the police department assigned to the Northeast Regional Command.
According to police, Weathersbee resigned from the department and it became effective Thursday.


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Additional Physical Format: | Online version: Bennett, Gertrude Barrows, 1884- Heads of Cerberus. Reading, Pa., Polaris Press, 1952 (OCoLC)760069932 |
Material Type: | Fiction |
Document Type: | Book |
All Authors / Contributors: |
Gertrude Barrows Bennett |
OCLC Number: | 3102548 |
Description: | 190 pages illustrations 23 cm. |
Series Title: | The Polaris fantasy library, v. 1 |
Responsibility: | by Francis Stevens; Illustrated by Ric Binkley, with an introd. by Lloyd Arthur Eshbach. |
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This week's summit between the presidents of the U.S. and China is being welcomed as a virtually unprecedented opportunity for each side.
Issues / Uncategorized
Something is dreadfully wrong with Hungary--and it could spread to the rest of Europe.
Sierra Leone may be slowly transcending its ethnic-based politics, but poverty remains an omnipresent threat to its development and democracy.
Central Europe has become an Apartheid region where Roma and non-Roma inhabit increasingly separate and decidedly unequal worlds.
The rise of Japan's reactionary right suggests that the country has yet to come to terms with its actions in World War II.
If right wingers are going to purge "ethnic studies" from America's textbooks, then they'll have to purge history too.
Iraqi demonstrators are now taking matters into their own hands.
It's time for us to grow up in our assessments of North Korea.
The U.S. government needs to develop a unified national security budget that allows the president and the Congress to make trade-offs like these.
During global protests in 1968, Yugoslavian youth protested communist privileges and economic inequalities.


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Hallingnatten is a relatively easily accessible summit that on clear days provides a complete panorama of Hallingskarvet, the Hemsedal Mountains and Ga...
Hallingnatten - 10 Iconic Walks
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