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BB Riverboats began with a deceptive motto and a fleet of zero. In 1977, Ben Bernstein opened a restaurant in a converted steamboat, whose motto was ?The Romance of Riverboat Dining.? Intended as tongue-in-cheek, the motto instead confused customers, who arrived hoping for a scenic cruise down the Ohio River. To placate his clientele, Ben Bernstein went into business with riverboat industry veteran Betty Blake, and BB Riverboats?named for their shared initials?was born.
Now run by Bernstein?s son, BB Riverboats has increased its fleet to three vessels, including the Belle of Cincinnati, a riverboat outfitted with Victorian details and two climate-controlled decks. On daily cruises down the Ohio, historical narration compliments the scenery, while passengers play swashbuckling games and learn to read treasure maps on family-friendly pirate cruises. On the company?s dining cruises, visitors drink in the scenery while noshing on a Hawaiian buffet spread or sampling award-winning wines from StoneBrook Winery. Additionally, holiday cruises honor occasions from Valentine?s Day to Thanksgiving.
Property Location
When you stay at Griffin Gate Marriott Resort & Spa in Lexington, you'll be in the suburbs and close to Whiteaker Bank Ballpark and Mary Todd Lincoln House. This 4-star resort is within close proximity of Mary Todd Lincoln House and Hunt-Morgan House.
Make yourself at home in one of the 409 air-conditioned guestrooms. Your room comes with a Tempur-Pedic bed. Cable programming and video-game consoles are provided for your entertainment, with wired and wireless Internet access available for a surcharge. Bathrooms feature shower/tub combinations, complimentary toiletries, and hair dryers.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Relax at the full-service spa, where you can enjoy body treatments and facials. After practicing your swing on the golf course, you can enjoy other recreational amenities including a golf course and a 24-hour health club. Additional features include complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and supervised childcare/activities.
Grab a bite to eat at the resort's restaurant, which features a bar, or stay in and take advantage of room service (during limited hours). Relax with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge or a poolside bar. Cooked-to-order breakfasts are available for a fee.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a 24-hour business center, business services, and audiovisual equipment. Planning an event in Lexington? This resort has 28000 square feet (2520 square meters) of space consisting of conference/meeting rooms, small meeting rooms, and a ballroom. Free self parking is available onsite.
The two-bedroom, newly renovated farmhouse at Blue Heron Vineyards safeguards guests in a rural, picturesque setting amid turn-of-the-century barns and vintage outbuildings. Guests have their choice of enjoying a homemade breakfast in the farmhouse, from the tree house-like deck of the winery, or lakeside while served by a wait staff of bullfrogs trained at L'Ambroisie in Paris. Spend an afternoon casually strolling through the vineyard grounds spread across a high bluff near the Ohio River, or visit the property's large Celtic cross, carved from natural stone over a 23-month period by local sculptor Greg Harris. Visitors calm their outdoors obsessions by fishing and canoeing at the nearby Deer Creek or exploring the Hoosier National Forest along scenic hiking and biking trails teeming with towering trees, wildlife, and ringleted porridge thieves.
Bars are great spots for declaring preemptive thumb war on unsuspecting foes, so you'll need to stockpile rations for a lengthy campaign. Sidebar's menu offers plenty of options, including appetizers such as onion straws ($5.95), quesadilla rolls ($5.95), Juan Parnello's queso dip ($5.95), and Sidebar wings (6 for $4.95, 12 for $8.95). Dig your mouth-shovels into a tasty burger that's hand-pattied daily with 80/20 Black Angus beef. Burger options include the Soprano (pizza sauce, onion, and two cheese sticks, $7.50), the Devil's Advocate (spicy ranch sauce, sliced jalapeno, and provolone, $7.25), and the Double Jeopardy (two patties with your choice of cheese, $8.50). Sandwiches such as the Roebling Reuben ($7.95) are also available, as well as 12" pizzas such as buffalo chicken ($9.95) and The Big Bill with onions, peppers, mushrooms, pepperoni, Italian sausage, and double cheese ($12.95).
At Galaxy Bowling & Entertainment, bowlers can hurl balls toward pin clusters seven days a week. Tuesdays and Thursdays guests on the karaoke mic provide an ever-changing soundtrack, and on Friday and Saturday, cosmic bowling creates a nebular ambiance with black lights, balls that glow, and pins that smell like a supernova remnant. After a league game, party, or one-on-one with a friend, players can agree to a cease-fire inside Champions Sports Bar & Grill, hoisting edible trophies of burgers, sandwiches, and pizza to their mouths. Competitors can also break from the lanes at the Great Odyssey Arcade, or stock up on gear at the Ray Kidd Pro Shop.
According to Mike Gelastopoulos, "people shouldn't have to pay $10 for a burger." Indeed, his burgers fall well below that price?they're $6.49 on average?and they still earn their gourmet title. The Rockefeller, for instance, is layered with cranberry chutney, blue-cheese crumbles, and beer-battered onion strings, whereas the Pride of Zeus is heaped with gyro meat, feta, and tzatziki sauce. Every burger is also made fresh from 100% Black Angus beef, seeing as Mike doesn't truck with freezers or patties encased in carbonite.?
But it's not just the burgers that have folks talking. When Mad Mike's was immortalized in Cincinnati.com's Burger Hall of Fame, food critic Polly Campbell wrote that "the fries are like nothing you've ever had [at] a fast-food joint." Hand-cut daily, these taters can be ordered plain, topped with cheesy bacon, or with nacho cheese and grilled onions.


text:
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Named Person: | Karl Marx; Ludwig Feuerbach; Ludwig Feuerbach; Karl Marx; Ludwig Feuerbach; Karl Marx |
Document Type: | Book |
All Authors / Contributors: |
Daniel Brudney |
OCLC Number: | 37801354 |
Description: | xviii, 425 pages ; 24 cm |
Contents: | 1. Feuerbach's Critique of Christianity -- 2. Feuerbach's Critique of Philosophy -- 3. Bruno Bauer -- 4. 1844 Marx I: Self-Realization -- 5. 1844 Marx II: The Structure of Community -- 6. 1844 Marx III: The Problem of Justification -- 7. Theses on Feuerbach -- 8. German Ideology I: More Antiphilosophy -- 9. German Ideology II: The Picture of the Good Life and the Change from 1844 -- 10. German Ideology III: The Critique of Morality (and Return to Philosophy). |
Responsibility: | Daniel Brudney. |
Traces the development of post-Hegelian thought from Feuerbach to Marx's work of 1844 and his "Theses on Feuerbach", and concludes with an examination of "The German Ideology". The book shows how Marx polemicized against "philosophy" - against any concern with metaphysics and epistemology.
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Editorial reviews
Publisher Synopsis
[Marx's Attempt to Leave Philosophy] is plainly the work of a thoughtful and intelligent philosopher. The discussions of Bruno Bauer and Marx's writings of 1844-6, in particular, are valuable resources for students of German philosophy of the 1840s. -- Brian Leiter Times Literary Supplement Brudney's work offers some fascinating insights into the world of the Young Hegelians from whence Marx came. It also makes some subtle points about the epistemology of moral theory and about the communitarian aspects of Marx's vision that are important for contemporary philosophy. -- R. Hudelson Choice Read more...
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Related Subjects:(11)
- Marx, Karl, -- 1818-1883.
- Feuerbach, Ludwig, -- 1804-1872.
- Philosophy, German -- 19th century.
- Philosophy, Marxist.
- Feuerbach, Ludwig, -- 1804-1872
- Marx, Karl, -- 1818-1883
- Philosophy, German.
- Filosofie.
- Feuerbach, Ludwig, -- (1804-1872)
- Marx, Karl, -- (1818-1883)
- Philosophie -- Allemagne -- 19e siècle.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
| UpdatedAustralian TV producer Trudi Ann-Tierney talks about her new career making soap operas in Afghanistan.
Topics: books-literature, australia, afghanistan
| UpdatedA pair of Tasmanian women are putting together an anthology of fiction that they hope will shine a light on ground-breaking female characters who changed the course of world history.
Topics: women, history, feminism, community-and-society, arts-and-entertainment, books-literature, fiction, launceston-7250, hobart-7000, tas, australia
Sweden's greatest unsolved murder mystery has taken another twist with revelations that Swedish crime novelist Stieg Larsson sent police evidence linking prime minister Olof Palme's 1986 murder to South Africa.
Topics: novel, books-literature, murder-and-manslaughter, crime, law-crime-and-justice, sweden
A new book commemorating the history of Wesfarmers has been released to coincide with the company's centenary celebrations.
Topics: agribusiness, books-literature, history, perth-6000
Author Peter Thompson and Wesfarmers former managing director Trevor Eastwood spoke to 720 Drive presenter John McGlue about Wesfarmers' 100 year history.
Topics: non-fiction, books-literature, history, agribusiness, perth-6000
| UpdatedA provincial government in Pakistan's tribal areas has cancelled a book launch by education activist Malala Yousafzai, who survived a Taliban assassination attempt in 2012.
Topics: world-politics, rights, human, access-to-education, books-literature, arts-and-entertainment, pakistan, asia
| UpdatedLiterary lovers are spending the weekend scouring the spines of more than a million pre-loved books at the country's biggest bargain bookfest in Brisbane.
Topics: charities-and-community-organisations, community-and-society, books-literature, arts-and-entertainment, south-brisbane-4101, brisbane-4000, qld, australia
Topics: charities-and-community-organisations, community-and-society, books-literature, south-brisbane-4101, brisbane-4000, qld, australia
| UpdatedTopics: books-literature, arts-and-entertainment, charities-and-community-organisations, community-and-society, south-brisbane-4101, brisbane-4000, qld, australia
A pictorial history of flooding in Manilla in 1964 was launched in the town on Tuesday.
Topics: floods, books-literature, historians, manilla-2346
| UpdatedBook Thief author Markus Zusak joins ABC News Breakfast.
Topics: author, books-literature, australia
Nearly 50 children have descended on Bingara's Roxy Theatre for the launch of this year's Summer Reading Club.
Topics: books-literature, children, library-museum-and-gallery, bingara-2404
| UpdatedTopics: books-literature, children, library-museum-and-gallery, bingara-2404
| UpdatedGetting your children to read does far more than improve their test results - it also teaches them invaluable life lessons about morality and empathy.
Topics: english-literature, books-literature, education
| UpdatedFormer US defence secretary Robert Gates has published a memoir that criticises Barack Obama's handling of the war in Afghanistan.
Topics: books-literature, unrest-conflict-and-war, world-politics, united-states
| UpdatedKatherine Tulich speaks with Book Thief author Markus Zusak and actor Geoffrey Rush.
Topics: film-movies, books-literature, australia
| UpdatedFilmmakers and authors in the United States have been given the legal go-ahead to write stories about British detective Sherlock Holmes without paying a licence fee.
Topics: arts-and-entertainment, books-literature, adventure, fantasy-books, fiction, science-fiction-books, law-crime-and-justice, united-states
Rachael Treasure says her latest book should be consumed like rich dark chocolate, savouring little pieces over a number of days.
Topics: rural, comedy-humour, books-literature, rural-women, hobart-7000
| UpdatedTopics: rural, comedy-humour, books-literature, hobart-7000
| UpdatedRachael Treasure is a cowgirl who loves her red V8 ute.
Topics: rural, comedy-humour, rural-women, books-literature, hobart-7000
| UpdatedBook reviewer Michael Cathcart, from Radio National's Books and Arts Daily, offers his suggestions for summer reading.
Topics: books-literature, australia
| UpdatedCelebrity chef Nigella Lawson's admissions of cocaine use that emerged during the trial of her former aides are to be examined by police, Scotland Yard says.
Topics: books-literature, courts-and-trials, divorce, drugs-and-substance-abuse
Harry Potter author JK Rowling is to co-produce a stage show about the wizard's early years living with his cruel non-magical aunt and uncle.
Topics: books-literature, fantasy-books, arts-and-entertainment, author, united-kingdom
| UpdatedTV chef Nigella Lawson has hit out after two former personal assistants were cleared of fraud, saying she was "maliciously vilified" during the trial with false allegations of habitual drug use.
Topics: books-literature, courts-and-trials, domestic-violence, divorce, family-and-children, drugs-and-substance-abuse, united-kingdom
| UpdatedTwo assistants to celebrity chef Nigella Lawson were cleared on Friday of defrauding her and her millionaire ex-husband after a trial that gripped Britain with tales of drug use and marital strife.
Topics: books-literature, courts-and-trials, domestic-violence, divorce, drugs-and-substance-abuse, united-kingdom


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Saudi natural gas reserves were estimated at some 6.75 trillion cubic metres in 2003 about 5.2% of known world reserves according to OPEC statistics. Present national gas reserves are 220 trillion cubic feet of which 85 trillion cubic feet is non-associated.
Saudi Arabia is one of the most promising areas in the world for gas exploration with the government keen to ease the path into the Kingdom for foreign direct investment in both the sector upstream and downstream opportunities.
A number of the upstream gas developments planned under the original natural gas initiative are now going ahead on a restructured basis with a wider spectrum of international players involved.
The re-launched Saudi Gas Initiative has seen Royal Dutch Shell and TotalElfFina finalise an exploration and development agreement for the Shaybah gas project concession covering 200,000 square kilometres in the Kingdom's vast Rub al Khali desert wilderness.
Each of the oil firms has a 40% stake and Saudi Aramco a 20% shareholding in a $2.5 billion joint venture known as the South Rub Al Khali Company.
Russia's Lukoil and China's Sinopec together have an 80% shareholding in a 29,000 square kilometre concession in the same region while Italy's ENI has a 50% share and Spain's Repsol-YPF 30% of another 52,000 square kilometres concession.
The various projects are expected to result in investments worth $20 billion over five years. The focus of the various projects is the discovery and processing of gas not associated with oil extraction.
Saudi Aramco presently operates the Kingdom's Master Gas System which collects gas produced nationwide for re-injection or for processing into ethane, propane, butane and methane and distribution for the petrochemicals, energy and desalination sectors.
Expansion work at the Hawiyah-2 plant, 160 km south of Dhahran, will raise processing capacity from 1.6 billion cubic feet a day to 4 billion cu ft/d. The Khusaniyah oil and gas facility to be built near Jubail will add further processing capacity of about 1 billion cu ft/d when completed.
However, non-associated gas development is an aim because it guarantees the use of gas independent of any fluctuations in oil production and prices. Using natural gas rather than oil for powering electricity generating and desalination plants will also make additional crude available for export.
As the new projects come on stream, the Kingdom's production of associated and non-associated gas is expected to reach 10 billion cubic feet-a-day by 2010 from 7 billion cubic feet-a-day now.
The country needs increasing amounts of natural gas to feed its fast expanding petrochemicals industry and in the future the Kingdom's planned new fertiliser plants and to power an integrated aluminium industry.
Petroleum and Mineral Resources Minister Ali Al-Naimi sees the gas sector investments as vital in providing more jobs and contributing to the diversification of the Kingdom's industrial base as well as boosting the role of the private sector.
Saturday, June 4- 2005 @ 12:56 UAE local time (GMT+4) Replication or redistribution in whole or in part is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Mediaquest FZ LLC.


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[December 03, 2012]
Global InfiniBand Market Report 2011-2015 with Mellanox Technologies Ltd. and Intel Corp. Dominating
Dec 03, 2012 (M2 PRESSWIRE via COMTEX) -- Research and Markets (
) has announced the addition of the "Global InfiniBand Market 2011-2015" report to their offering.
TechNavio's analysts forecast the Global InfiniBand market to grow at a CAGR of 44.46 percent over the period 2011-2015. One of the key factors contributing to this market growth is the increasing adoption of InfiniBand in high-performance computing. The Global InfiniBand market has also been witnessing the emerging need for organizations to establish data centers. However, the customer caution following earlier failure of InfiniBand could pose a challenge to the growth of this market.
Commenting on the report, an analyst from TechNavio's Networking team said: ''The increasing number of data centers is also a major driver for the Global InfiniBand market. Organizations have realized the many advantages of having a data center operation; data centers help organizations cut down the cost of infrastructure, technology and human resources. Moreover, data centers offer easy disaster recovery as well as improved network infrastructure security. Hence, organizations are consolidating applications and services into a single point of operation, reducing the overall cost of maintenance for network infrastructure. Network equipment devices provide an ideal platform for integrating the various network devices at a single location, such as a data center. Finally, the increasing adoption of virtualization and economies of scale by data center capabilities is driving the InfiniBand market.'' According to the report, one of the main growth drivers is the increasing adoption of InfiniBand in high-performance computing (HPC). InfiniBand technology offers very low latency even when the utilization of network capacity is very high. It finds application in the HPC of supercomputers.
Further, the report reveals that one of the major trends is the emerging need for organizations to establish data centers.
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text:
Tweak please AFTER today and I have pregnancy symptoms but all tests come up negative.
Comments (3)
Group Owner
Posted 08/06/2014
Getting an indent
Debbie +J = Z(20 gbaby S (2)) G (14) E(6) angels R (s.b. 5/2006) B.o 8/2000 cp 8/2014 mc 10/2014
lewbarbc7 · Original Poster
Posted 08/06/2014
Ok I'm new so what's the difference between seeing nothing and seeing an ident?


text:
hey guys the tattoo shop i go to is having a charity event,comecheck it out if you can,this shop is world famous with some of the worlds best artist,located in northridge,ca
Get Tattooed for Charity
November 20, 2010
Tis the season! We had such a fun and successful experience last year with our "Tattoo for Charity" day here at the shop we have decided to keep up the tradition and do it again this year, hoping we can match, if not top, the $2000 we made last year. This year we are doing it on Sunday, December 12th, from 10am-7pm. We will be offering $40 tattoos, giving that they take anywhere around 30 min. We have a predetermined selection to choose from, or are accepting custom designs, given they dont take more than the time allotted. We are all participating this year and again will make the artists random on a first come first serve basis. 100% of the proceeds will go to the Salvation Army's Christmas Charity to help out families in need this Christmas season. Come by the shop and get tattooed and feel good about doing it!


text:
How does an OS determine if a floppy disk is inaccessible?
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Not really. Sector 0 (and track 0) is one of the few totally indispensible parts of a floppy disk, where the volume ID and a great deal of other information specific to that disk is kept. If that sector or track can't be written to reliably, the disk is declared bad. Given how cheap floppies are, it's just easier to discard it and get a new one.
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text:
US 4166540 A Abstract An automatic document sorter particularly suitable for sorting retail store coupons employs a plurality of relatively coarse sorting processes in cascade. The sorting processes sequentially sort the documents according to predetermined properties of the document, including codes, such as bar codes or the like; physical properties, such as size, thickness, color, reflectivity and opacity; the characteristics of the inscriptions on the face of the document; and any uniquely marked areas of the document face. Such a sorting hierarchy permits the documents to be sorted rapidly by reducing the precision required in each sorting step. The hierarchy also permits each document to be classified during each sorting step as falling into a particular class of documents in order to simplify subsequent sorting steps. If a property uniquely identifying the document is found during any one of the sorting steps, the processing is terminated at that point without completing the subsequent sorting steps.
Claims(26) 1. A system for sorting documents comprising:
means responsive to a predetermined property of said documents for categorizing said documents into groups according to predetermined values of said property, said categorizing means including means responsive to the value of said property of each document for determining whether said value is unique to a particular class of documents, said uniqueness determining means including means for identifying said document when said value is unique to a particular class of documents; and means responsive to a predetermined characteristic of said documents other than said property for categorizing the documents having values of said property that are not unique to a particular class of documents into groups according to predetermined parameters of said characteristic and the value of said property, said characteristic responsive categorizing means including means responsive to the parameters of said characteristic and the value of said property of each document for determining whether the combination of said parameter of said value is unique to a particular class of documents and for identifying said document when said combination is unique to a particular class of documents. 2. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein said categorizing means includes means responsive to at least one predetermined property of a group of predetermined properties including the properties of size, thickness, color, opacity, reflectivity and luminescence.
3. A system as recited in claim 2 wherein said color determining means includes a plurality of photoelectric sensors disposed in proximity to said document, each photoelectric detector being responsive to a different color of light reflected by said document.
4. A system as recited in claim 2 wherein said opacity determining means includes a source of light disposed adjacent to one surface of said document and a photoelectric detector disposed on the opposite surface of said document, said photoelectric detector being positioned to detect light from said source passing through said document.
5. A system as recited in claim 2 wherein said reflectivity determining means includes a source of light disposed adjacent to one surface of said document and a photoelectric detector also disposed adjacent to said one surface, said photoelectric detector being positioned to receive light from said source that is reflected from said one surface of said document.
6. A system as recited in claim 2 wherein said luminescence determining means includes a source of ultraviolet radiation disposed adjacent to one surface of said document and a photoelectric detector disposed adjacent to said one surface, said photoelectric detector being positioned to receive luminescent radiation that is emitted from said surface.
7. A system as recited in claim 2 wherein said size determining means includes first and second light sensitive arrays, said first array being responsive to the width of said document and said second array being responsive to the length of said document.
8. A system as recited in claim 2 wherein said thickness determining means includes a displaceable element engageable by said document, said displaceable element being displaced a distance proportional to the thickness of said document upon engagement thereby.
9. A system as recited in claim 8 wherein said displaceable element includes a roller.
10. A system as recited in claim 9 further including means coupled to said roller for determining the displacement thereof.
11. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein said predetermined characteristic responsive means includes means for detecting markings that appear on one side of the document.
12. A system as recited in claim 11 wherein said predetermined characteristic determining means further includes means for detecting markings appearing on the other side of the document.
13. A system as recited in claim 11 wherein said marking detecting means includes means for detecting alphanumerics.
14. A system as recited in claim 11 wherein said marking detecting means includes means for detecting a code.
15. A system as recited in claim 14 wherein said code detecting means includes means for detecting a bar code.
16. A system as recited in claim 11 wherein said system includes means for forming an image of said one side of said document and means for providing a digital representation of said image.
17. A system as recited in claim 16 wherein said digital representation providing means includes memory means including a plurality of individual cells for storing at least a portion of said image in the form of digital data in said individual cells and means for generating a multiple bit digital word in response to the digital data stored in predetermined ones of said cells.
18. A system as recited in claim 17 wherein said digital representation providing means includes means for selecting said predetermined ones of said cells and means for altering the selection of said cells to thereby provide a different digital representation representative of an image of a different portion of said document.
19. A system as recited in claim 17 wherein said digital word generating means includes means for combining the data stored in a predetermined plurality of said cells to form one bit of said digital word.
20. A system as recited in claim 19 further including means for storing a plurality of second digital words each representative of a predetermined class of documents and means for comparing said digital word with said second digital words for identifying said document.
21. A system for sorting documents comprising:
means responsive to predetermined physical properties of said documents for providing first signals indicative of the values of said physical properties; means for storing indications of predetermined values of said predetermined physical properties and for storing indications of the identities of documents having values of said physical properties lying in ranges of values between said predetermined values; means responsive to said first signals and to said stored indications of predetermined values of said predetermined physical properties for comparing the values represented by said first signals and said indications of predetermined values to determine the ones of said ranges of values corresponding to the values represented by said first signals to thereby determine the identities of documents having values of said physical properties corresponding to the values represented by said first signals and to identify said documents uniquely when the values of the physical property represented by said first signals fall within ranges of values corresponding to only a single stored indication of identity; means responsive to predetermined characteristics other than said predetermined physical properties of the documents not uniquely identified for providing second signals indicative of predetermined parameters of said characteristics; means for storing indications of the parameters of characteristics of a plurality of documents; and means responsive to said second signals and said parameter indications for identifying the documents having parameter indications corresponding to the parameter represented by said second signals. 22. A system as recited in claim 21 further including means for reading identifying codes imprinted on said document.
23. A system as recited in claim 21 wherein said first signal providing means includes means responsive to at least one physical property of a group of predetermined physical properties including size, thickness, color, opacity, reflectivity and luminescence of said document, and said storing means includes means for storing indications of values of said one of said physical properties.
24. A system as recited in claim 21 wherein said second signal providing means includes means responsive to markings on one surface of said document for providing a digital indication of at least some of said markings, and said means for storing indications of the parameters of characteristics includes means for storing digital representations of some of the markings present on predetermined documents.
25. A system as recited in claim 21 wherein said second signal providing means includes means for scanning a predetermined area of the surface of said document for reading the markings thereon, and means for altering the area scanned in order to scan a second predetermined area of said document, said second predetermined area being smaller than said predetermined area.
26. A method of identifying documents comprising the steps of: sorting the documents according to a set of first properties to classify said documents into classes according to combinations of the values of said first properties; identifying the documents classified according to a combination of values of said first properties that uniquely represent a particular type of document; sorting the documents contained in at least some of said classes that do not uniquely represent a particular type of document according to the various combinations of various ones of said first properties and various ones of a set of second properties to classify said documents into classes according to various combinations of values of said first properties and various combinations of values of said second properties; identifying the documents classified according to a combination of values of said first and second properties that uniquely represent a second particular type of document; continuing the sorting of said previously classified documents that have not been identified according to various combinations of said first, said second and other properties to further classify said documents into classes according to various combinations of values of said first, said second and other properties; and identifying the documents classified according to a combination of said first, said second and other properties that uniquely represent a further particular type of document.
Description A. Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to automatic document sorting machines, and more particularly, to machines suitable for automatically sorting retail store coupons or the like. B. Description of the Prior Art Automatic document sorting devices are known. Such devices are generally specialized for reading particular types of documents, such as mail, currency, checks and bar coded merchandise tags. Consequently, such reading machines are designed to read specialized data associated with such articles, such as magnetic ink present on checks, bar codes present on merchandise tags and certain classes of mail, and the particular portions of currency indicating the denomination. While such devices operate satisfactorily for sorting documents having certain predetermined characteristics and relatively uniform size, these devices are generally incapable of reading documents such as store coupons that have a variety of shapes and sizes, but which may otherwise be difficult to differentiate from each other. Consequently, the sorting of merchandising coupons is usually done manually. One of the problems associated with present day redeemable merchandising coupons is the amount of handling required in the redemption process. Firstly, the coupon must be manually redeemed at the point of sale by a retailer, who subsequently sorts the redeemed coupons and sends them to the manufacturer issuing the coupon or to a clearing house. When the coupons are received by the clearing house, they are manually read and sorted, and the account of the retailer submitting the coupons is credited with the aggregate value of the coupons plus an appropriate handling charge, while the various manufacturers' accounts are debited. In addition, a report is submitted to certain manufacturers indicating the number and value of coupons redeemed, the origin of the redeemed coupons (i.e., whether they originated in a newspaper, magazine or box top), the regions of the country in which the coupons were redeemed and other information. The manual handling of coupons requires a considerable amount of time, both at the point of sale and at the clearing house. At the point of sale, the coupon must be visually inspected and a determination made as to whether the product called for by the coupon was purchased. The coupons must then be sorted and sent to the appropriate manufacturers or clearing houses. At the clearing house, the coupons are again visually inspected to determine if they are valid (e.g., unexpired) and sorted according to offers. After the coupons have been sorted according to offers, the coupons relating to each offer are counted, and the appropriate reports are generated. Typically, each manufacturer has a large number of offers outstanding relating to various products and to various sizes and flavors of that product. In addition, different offers are made by publishing similar coupons in various magazines, newspapers and other publications. When this is done, the manufacturer usually desires to know the origin of each coupon in order to determine the effectiveness of his advertising campaign. Therefore, coupons relating to the same product which appear in different publications are typically segregated under different offers, each being identified by a different offer number. The number of separate offers is quite large, and each coupon must be segregated according to offer. This requires a rather complicated segregation process that requires each coupon to be handled twice, that is, first during the inspection process in which the coupons are segregated according to offers, and then during a counting process where the coupons relating to each offer are counted. Such a duplication of handling is time consuming and expensive; however, to date, no automatic sorting device capable of handling a large number of diverse coupons having a wide variety of physical characteristics and at the same time being able to differentiate between virtually identical coupons from different offers has been developed. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved document sorter that overcomes many of the disadvantages of the prior art document sorters. It is another object of the present invention to provide a document sorter capable of sorting merchandising coupons. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a document sorter capable of sorting a wide variety of documents. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a document sorter capable of differentiating between very similar documents while operating at a high rate of speed. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a document sorter that sorts a wide variety of documents by utilizing a plurality of cascaded sorting processes in order to maintain accuracy while retaining high speed operation. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a coupon sorting machine usable in a clearing house operation or at a point of sale. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, an automatic document sorter that performs a plurality of cascaded sorting steps is provided. The various sorting steps may classify the documents according to physical properties, such as size, thickness, color, reflectivity and opacity; codes, such as bar codes or the like; the characteristics of the inscriptions on the face of the document; and any uniquely marked areas on the document face. The use of such a sorting hierarchy permits the accuracy of each individual sorting process to be reduced, thereby increasing sorting speed, without decreasing the sorting accuracy of the overall system. Moreover, such a hierarchy allows the machine to utilize information contained in the various physical properties of the document, which would ordinarily be a hindrance to the sorting process, to obtain information useful in identifying the document. In fact, many documents can be sorted according to physical properties only, many of which are unique to a particular document, and permit the document to be immediately identified without further processing. If not immediately identified by the physical property sorting process, the document can at least be classified as a member of a class of documents numbering fewer than the total number of ducuments. Such as classification will simplify subsequent sorting processes by reducing the number of comparisons that must be made. Thus, the wide variety of physical properties of a coupon which would normally be detrimental to the operation of most document sorting machines is used to advantage in the sorting process of the machine according to the present invention. Some coupons presently used employ a bar code or the like printed on the face of the coupon. These bar codes can be readily located and scanned by the device according to the present invention, and used to define the coupon uniquely. The code reading capability used in conjunction with the physical properties reading capability uniquely identifies many of the coupons, and significantly reduces the number of coupons that must be retained for further processing. Thus, the more sophisticated processing capabilities of the machine are reserved for coupons that are very similar to each other. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood upon consideration of the detailed description and attached drawing wherein: FIG. 1 is a flow chart indicating the decision hierarchy of the system according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a representation of a word used to describe one of the documents being sorted; FIG. 4 illustrates an image of a coupon being viewed by the system according to the invention; FIG. 5 is a side view of a document transporting mechanism and sensing stations utilized in conjunction with the system according to the invention; FIG. 6 is a top view of the transport mechanism illustrated in FIG. 5; FIG. 7 is an enlarged diagram of a floating stripper utilized in the transport mechanism illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6; FIG. 8, including FIGS. 8a and 8b, is an illustration of a physical properties sensor module and illumination source utilized by the system according to the invention; FIG. 9 is a top view of the sensor module illustrated in FIG. 8; FIG. 10 is a side view of a luminescence sensor and illumination source utilized by the system according to the invention; FIG. 11 is a side view of a code scanner utilized by the system according to the invention; FIG. 12 is a top view of a merchandise coupon being transported through the code scanner illustrated in FIG. 11; and FIG. 13 is a side view of an image reader utilized by the system according to the invention. The basic decision hierarchy is illustrated in FIG. 1 and utilizes, in this embodiment, five subsystems 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20. In the illustrated system, the coupon or other document is first scanned by a code scanner 20 to determine the existence of a bar code or other code. The scanned code is then compared with various codes stored in the system memory to determine if it is unique. If a unique match is found, the coupon is identified. If no unique match is found, a physical properties sorting step 22 is initiated. The physical properties sort 22 determines the physical properties, such as size, thickness, color, reflectivity, luminescence and opacity of the document. If a unique physical property by which the coupon can be identified is found, the sorting process is terminated. If no unique property is found, a front face histogram sort 24 is performed. The front face histogram sort generates a histogram from the inscriptions on the front face of the coupon for comparison with internally stored histograms. As in the previous steps, if a unique match is found, the coupon is identified, otherwise it is further sorted in a back face histogram sort 26. In each of the above steps, even if no unique property is found, a partial address representing a subclass into which the document falls is generated and stored in order to reduce the number of comparisons that must be made in subsequent sorting steps. If the coupon is not uniquely identified in the physical properties and histogram sorts, the manufacturer code printed on the coupon is read during a manufacturer blink sort process 28. A blink sort is utilized so that the comparison with each item stored in the memory is terminated as soon as a mismatch is found, thus making it unnecessary to compare the entire scanned manufacturer code with each item stored in the memory. As can be seen from FIG. 1, each successive sorting step sorts the coupons according to increasingly finer characteristics. Moreover, the information gleaned from each individual sorting step may be combined with the information derived from previous sorting steps to permit a ready identification of each coupon without necessitating extreme accuracy in each sorting step. For example, two coupons may have similar front face histograms but different reflectivities or thicknesses. Thus, each of the coupons may be identified from the combination of the histogram information and the physical properties information. This permits a coarser front face histogram sort to be utilized than if the physical properties information were not used, and eliminates the need for a highly accurate and time consuming front face histogram. Only when the coupon is not identified after several relatively coarse sorts is the relatively fine manufacturer code blink sort 28 utilized. However, the number of coupons that are not identified prior to reaching the manufacturer code blink sort 28 is small compared to the total number of coupons processed, thus the manufacturer code blink sort does not appreciably slow down the sorting process. Excessively mutilated coupons, invalid coupons and coupons that have not been programmed into the system are automatically rejected, and may be hand processed. A block diagram of a system capable of performing the functions described in conjunction with FIG. 1 is illustrated in FIG. 2. A coupon transport 32 is utilized to move the coupons past recognition points and eventually to segregate the coupons into several groupings. The coupon transport may be friction fed or utilize a vacuum pickup, and for example, a transport such as the transport utilized in currency sorting machines manufactured by The Brandt Company may be utilized. Such a transport is capable of feeding documents at a rate of 72,000 per hour. A preprocess sensing module 34 is utilized to sense the length, width, transparency, color, thickness and reflectivity of the coupon, and a code scanner 36 is used to scan the coupon for the presence of a UPC code or other coded information. The code scanner 36 may be placed ahead of the preprocess sensing module 34 as shown, or at any convenient position. A preprocessor 38 converts the output of the preprocess sensing module to a digital word that is accepted by a central processing unit 40, such as the Microproc 16 unit sold by Plessey Corporation, to initiate a coarse search based on physical properties before any image processing is initiated. If no preprocessing or code scanning is desired, the preprocess sensing module 34, the code scanner 36 and the preprocessor 38 may be eliminated, and the image processing initiated immediately. An image digitizer 42 is utilized in the image processing step. The image digitizer 42 includes a high resolution camera that provides an analog signal representative of the image on the coupon. This analog image is digitized by the digitizer and transferred to a memory 44. A stop motion device, such as a strobe light or shutter mechanism, may be employed within the image digitizer 42 visually to stop the motion of the coupon as it passes through the digitizer. A uniqueness reducer 46 reduces the data from the image digitizer to a form having the simplest unique characteristic. The uniqueness reducer 46 is connected in a loop with the central processing unit 40 and the memory 44 to initiate an extrafine subroutine wherein the system could be directed to zoom in on a particular area of the coupon, such as the offer number which had previously been entered, to generate an extrafine reading of the coupon such as that required in the manufacturer code determining process. The data for the various coupons to be sorted is stored in an offer code master file 48. The offer code master file 48 contains each offer number and the data for recognizing the coupons associated with that offer number. Groups of offer numbers pertinent to each coarse sorting step would be stored in the offer code master file from which the individual offer could be deduced after a sufficient number of sorts are made. Individual offers for the manufacturer code blink sort would also be stored. A retailer master file 50 could contain the information necessary to identify various retailers. A coupon segregator 52 utilizing mechanical diverters in the coupon transport 32 segregates coupons according to any characteristic determined by the central processing unit 40. A printout 54 is utilized to provide a statistical summary of the coupons sorted and any other desired statistical information. The information gleaned from the coupons is also stored on a disc or tape storage medium 56 for further processing, if desired. A key entry device 58 is utilized for controlling the operation of the system, for entering information required by the system, and to enter data from coupons that were manually read. The output of the device is also displayed on a display 60. The physical properties of the document can readily be described by a 16-bit word because discrimination between properties is kept at a relatively coarse level. For example, the length feature has been studied in great detail, and it was found that most coupons can be categorized into seven lengths. Thus, a three-bit byte will characterize this feature. Similarly, two- to three-bit bytes are used to characterize the other features within the 16-bit descriptor word. A typical descriptor word is illustrated in FIG. 3. For example, bits 1 and 2 can categorize the thickness into three categories, for example, less than 11 mils, 11-20 mils and more than 20 mils. Bits 3, 4 and 5 categorize the length into seven categories ranging from less than 1 inch to more than six inches. Bits 6 and 7 define three categories of opaqueness which can be categorized as transparent, semi-opaque and opaque. Bits 8, 9 and 10 define the dominant color and they may be used to indicate no dominant color, or to indicate whether red, orange, yellow, green, blue or violet is the dominant color. Bits 11 and 12 define three categories of gloss, such as shiny, semishiny, or dull. The width of the coupon can be broken down into three categories, for example, less than two inches, two to 21/2 inches and more than 21/2 inches. The luminescence, or quantity of light emitted from the surface of the coupon under ultraviolet light excitation can be categorized into intense, medium and low luminescence categories by the bits 15 and 16. Thus, all of the physical properties of each coupon can be categorized by a single 16-bit word which is then compared with similar 16-bit words stored in the offer code master file 48 in order to determine the offer number. If the total number of offers is limited, and the coupons sufficiently different, the physical properties sorter can be used alone to sort the coupons. Also, such a physical properties sorter can be used to generate a coarse search that can sort those coupons that are identifiable from their physical properties. The coupons that are not identifiable by the system would be sorted by hand. The code scanner 36 can be a Universal Product Code or any other type of bar code or target code scanner known in the art. This decoder can either precede or follow the physical properties sorter, or be used alone to identify coded coupons and to detect noncoded coupons. The noncoded coupons could then be hand sorted, or sorted by another machine. In order to scan a document optically, the coupon or document must have some definable symmetrical feature that can serve as an indexing reference for the computer software. All merchandising coupons examined thus far do have such a reference in the form of a rectangular feature, such as a coupon edge, an artistic frame or a cutout guide which may be used to provide a reference for the scanning process. A complete rectangle is not necessary, provided that each edge retains some portion of the original frame to permit regeneration of the rectangle, as necessary, in the case of mutilated coupons. The length and width measurements obtained from this rectangular feature may also be used in the physical properties sorting system. FIG. 4 shows the image of a coupon as it appears in the memory. The memory stores the image in a plurality of individual storage units known as pixels, each containing one bit of information indicating either black or white. For example, the memory may contain 150,000 pixels from a 300-pixel vertical by 500-pixel horizontal raster. The information to generate the stored pixels is obtained from the camera during the stop motion strobe. The information may be obtained in analog form from a light sensitive surface such as that found in a vidicon tube, or in digital form from an array of photosensitive detectors within the camera. A typical coupon 60 (FIG. 4) is shown in a typical scanning field. The coupon is rotated with respect to the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the scanning field, so the orientation of the coupon must first be determined before the histogram can be obtained. This is accomplished by searching the field for the largest rectangular feature using a standard contour and symmetry restoration program to locate a border such as the border 62. Once the orientation of the coupon is determined, predetermined areas of the coupon can be scanned to provide the histogram. The areas to be scanned will have been determined previously, and chosen on the basis of where most coupons contain the maximum amount of different data. For example, scanning lines bisecting the sides of the coupon (FIG. 4) or diagonal scanning lines may be used. Because of the large number of pixels forming the image of the coupon 60, information must be integrated in order to generate a word having a usable length. For example, if a 16-bit word histogram is desired, each bit of the word can be derived by combining the values of approximately 560 original pixels as the coupon is scanned along one of the scanning lines. A second 16-bit word histogram may then be generated in a similar manner as the coupon is scanned along the other scanning line, for example, the vertical. The two histograms thus obtained characterize the gross features of one face of the coupon. A similar procedure is used to scan the other side of the coupon, and to develop a second two-word histogram. Such scanning of the second side of the coupon is primarily used to identify similar coupons that appear in different newspapers and have different reverse images. After the histograms characterizing the gross features of the coupon have been developed, a lookup procedure of the offer code master file 48 is initiated by the central processing unit 40. The lookup procedure attempts to match the data, or partial address, obtained from the physical properties sort and the histogram words that were developed with partial addresses and reference histograms for both faces of the coupon contained in the master file 48. If the partial address and the four-histogram words are matched, the coupon is identified; if not, the coupon is routed for further processing. In practice, only a very few coupons will not have been identified after the histogram sort. However, after the histogram sort, information relating to the coordinates and orientation of the coupon has been obtained. This permits a particular field to be located and scanned, thus permitting the manufacturer code to be scanned directly. The position and size of the field to be scanned has been pre-entered in the offer code master file 48 along with the other data relating to each offer number. The manufacturer code may be read using a variety of optical scanning techniques, or by determining the total black/white count in the scanned area or in an expanded histogram of the scanned area. However, in a preferred mode, the comparison of the scanned manufacturer code with file entries is based on a blink sorting system. In such a blink sorting system, the word defining the manufacturer code is subtracted from the various file entries on a bit-by-bit basis. As soon as no cancellation occurs (a blink), that offer is rejected and a comparison with the next offer in the file is made. Thus, the blink sorting system increases the speed of the device by permitting an incorrect offer number to be rejected as soon as a mismatch occurs without having to compare the entire word. A schematic view of the mechanical apparatus necessary to provide the scanning for the system according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The system employs a stripper 70 for removing a single coupon from a coupon stack 72 and transporting it beneath a floating stripper 74 (FIGS. 5-7). The floating stripper 74 is pivoted about a point 76 and resiliently biased by a spring 78 or the like to maintain the stripper 74 in contact with the surface of the coupon being fed by the stripper 70. A strain gauge 81 determines the position of the stripper 74 and provides an indication of the thickness of the coupon. After the coupon has emerged from the floating stripper 74, it is passed between a color and reflectance sensing module 76 and length, width and opacity sensing module 78. A stripper 80 located near the modules 76 and 78 serves to transport the coupon to a luminescence sensor 82 that contains another stripper 84 ganged with the strippers 70 and 80. The color and reflectance module 76 utilizes a light source 86, such as an incandescent or fluorescent light, or the like, and an optical system, represented by a single lens 88 in FIG. 8, to flood the coupon 60 with light from the visible spectrum. The light reflected from the coupon 60 is sensed by a color sensor 92 and a reflectance sensor 94. In the present embodiment, the color sensor 92 is comprised of a plurality of individual photodiodes 95-101, each adapted to sense a different color. This is accomplished by placing a different color filter in front of each of the photodiodes 95-101. For example, the photodiode 95 does not utilize a filter and provides the greatest output when none of the colors is predominant. The photodiode 96 utilizes a red filter; diode 97 a yellow filter; diode 98 an orange filter; diode 99 a green filter; diode 100 a blue filter and diode 101 a violet filter. Thus, the diode associated with the filter corresponding to the predominant color of the coupon 60 will provide the largest output. The reflectance sensor 94 utilizes either a large area photodiode or an array of interconnected photodiodes to provide a signal proportional to the total amount of light falling on the photodiode 94. A large area diode, or a large number of diodes, are utilized to integrate the light impinging on the detector 94 to reduce or eliminate errors resulting from surface aberrations and anomalies. The length, width and opacity module 78 (FIGS. 8 and 9) is disposed beneath the coupon 60 and utilizes a pair of length sensing arrays of photodiodes 110 and 112 and a pair of width sensing arrays of diodes 114 and 116. In addition, a large area photodiode 118 is employed to sense the opacity of the coupon. Thus, when a coupon, such as a coupon 60, passes between the light source and optical system 86, 88 and the length, width and opacity sensing module 78, certain ones of the photodiodes of the length arrays 110 and 112 and certain ones of the diodes of the width arrays 114 and 116 will be shadowed by the coupon 60. Thus, the length and width of the coupon 60 can readily be determined. A large area photodiode 118, similar to the large area photodiode 94, is used to measure the opacity of the coupon 60. As in the case of the diode 94, the opacity sensing diode 118 may be comprised of a large area diode or a plurality of interconnected smaller diodes to provide a signal representative of the integrated light passing through the coupon 60. The luminescence sensing module 82 (FIG. 10) is similar to the color and reflectance sensing module 76, and utilizes a source of ultraviolet light 120, rather than the source of visible light 86 used in the module 76. The luminescence sensing module 82 also uses an optical system designated by the lens 122 which is similar to the optical system designated by lens 88. The focused light from the source 120 is projected onto the coupon 60 and detected by a pair of photodiodes 124 and 126. As in the case of the sensor 76, the luminescence sensor 82 can be used to sense both the quantity of the light emitted from the coupon 60 (luminescence) and the spectral density of the reflected light. This is accomplished by utilizing a multiplicity of photodiodes in the sensor 124, each associated with a different filter in the luminescence band as the detector 124. Thus, the detector 124 may be similar to the detector 92 except that the filters would pass certain frequencies of the luminescence spectrum rather than the reflected light spectrum to the various diodes. To determine luminescence, a large area diode or a plurality of interconnected diodes can be used as the luminescence detector 126. The signals derived from the various sensors are then quantized and applied to the various logic circuits shown in FIG. 2. The code on the coupon 60, such as a bar code 130, is scanned by a scanner, such as a laser scanner 132 (FIGS. 11 and 12), which forms the scanning portion of the code scanner 36. The scanning laser and sensor combination 132 can be placed anywhere along the transport path of the coupon 60 to read the code 130. The histogram generating system of the image digitizer 42 utilizes a pair of strobe flashes 150 and 152 (FIG. 13) to stop the motion of the coupon 60 as it passes across a window 93; however, any stop motion device such as a steady light source and shutter can be used. The image of one side of the coupon is passed through a shutter 91 and an optical system illustrated as a lens 103 onto an imaging screen 105. Similarly, the image of the other side of the coupon is imaged onto an imaging screen 100 by optics including a lens 102 and a shutter 104. The imagers 100 and 105 are scanned, and the contents thereof are stored in a pair of respective memories 106 and 108. The images 100 and 105 may be standard imaging targets, such as those used in vidicon tubes or photodiode arrays; however, in both cases the analog signals from the imagers 100 and 105 must be digitized prior to storage in the respective memories 106 and 108. The outputs of the memories 106 and 108 are then applied to corresponding registers 110 and 112 to permit the image representative data to be manipulated as previously described. While a particular embodiment of the sorting system according to the invention has been described, it should be realized that many variations of the total system are possible. For example, the sequence of the sorting processes can be altered to suit the particular type of document being scanned in order to sort as many documents with a few steps as possible. In addition, some of the steps inappropriate to a particular type of document may be eliminated. Thus, the thickness sensor may be eliminated when all of the documents to be sorted are the same thickness, and the code scanner can be eliminated when no documents containing a code are being scanned. In addition, various ones of the systems, such as the physical properties scanners, can be used alone to provide a stand-alone system capable of providing a relatively rough sort for applications where such a sort is adequate. Thus, since many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described above. Patent Citations
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Questions & Answers
Drs. George Grant, Michael Morales, Stephen Nichols, R.C. Sproul Jr. and R.C. Sproul answer a variety of questions covering God's sovereignty in salvation, predestination, the role of scholarship in doxology, religious pluralism, and more.
Video outline: 00 … -
What is the Mind?
What is the difference between instinct and thought? In this message Dr. Sproul will help us understand what it means to have a Christian mind.
The Laws of Logic
To understand God's perfect law, there is one law that must be understood perfectly. Listen as Dr. Sproul explains the basic principles of thinking and knowledge as we seek to glorify God with our minds.
Two Ways of Knowing
What we believe determines how we live. Why do you believe what you believe?
Two Kinds of Being
There are only two kinds of beings in existence today. One of them is not necessary. Which kind are you? Listen as Dr. Sproul explains the fundamental difference between "Two Kinds of Beings"
Faith and Reason
What reason can you give for having faith in God? Learn how the God revealed for us in Scripture is a rational being Who has created His creatures with the capacity of reason, as well as faith.
How Do You Know?
How can you know that the world outside is not all in your head? Hear Dr. Sproul explain how we can be sure that the world we perceive is the world that is.
Mind and Body
Do you have assurance of your salvation? How do you know that it is not a false assurance? In this message, Dr. Sproul teaches us that assurance is not only possible, but how we can gain it.
Logical Inference
Who defined the laws of logic, and what benefit does it have for the Christian? Hear Dr. Sproul explain how logical inferences and other tools of reason affect our understanding of Scripture.
The Mind and The Senses
Can we have absolute certainty about anything that our senses tell us? In this message Dr. Sproul explores the relationship between the mind and the senses.
Being and Transcendence
Is it necessary to look outside the universe to find the origin of the universe? Listen as Dr. Sproul explains the irrationality of believing in an uncreated universe.
The Mind and the Scriptures
What is the real meaning of John 3:16? This message focuses on the importance of applying proper thinking skills to the handling of Scripture.
Questions & Answers
Steven Lawson, John MacArthur, and R.C. Sproul answer questions about standing firm in the faith and other doctrinal issues. Video Outline 1:45 How do you various speakers stand firm together when you disagree about certain issues? 7:21 …
For Justification By Faith Alone
The doctrine of justification by faith alone was at the center of the Reformation debates. The Reformers declared that justification is by faith alone, not by faith and works. The biblical doctrine of justification by faith alone is absolutely essential …
For the Doctrine of the Trinity
In a pluralistic and relativistic age, Christians must stand firm in proclaiming the one living and true God who is revealed in Scripture. The one true God is one in being or essence and three in person: Father, Son, and …
R.C. Sproul
Dr. R.C. Sproul is co-pastor of Saint Andrew's Chapel in Sanford, Fla., and the founder and chairman of Ligonier Ministries. He is author of the teaching series Recovering the Beauty of the Arts.


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My duaghter just turned 4 months old. She is a great baby but there is only one problem. I am the only person who can hold her without her screaming bloody murder. I dont know what to do. I'm scared to leave her ANYWHERE because i see how intense it is when I'm around. Her father cant even hold her for a minute without her screaming with fear. It's causing problems with me and her father because he blames me and breastfeeding. He also says that everytime she cries I run to the rescue, which isn't the case unless I know she's hungry and its time to eat, she wets her diaper, or she's tired. And when I take care of the problem she's fine. But when it comes to other people holding her, expecially men, she just freaks out and thats when i jump in. I mean I dont wanna traumatize my child by forcing it onto her. I don't like to see her cry in fear and it only happens when other people touch her or try to hold her, but when I get her back, she stops instantly. This has been happening ever since we got out of the hospital. I don't know what to do anymore. I don't know how to come to reason with my husband about the issue and when he can't hold his child, it really hurts his feelings. He gets aggravated and just puts her in her crib and shuts the door. It really bothers me. I just wish that her family could hold her and spend time with her without her crying and I wish I could see it so it would give me a piece of mind about leaving her with someone else. I'm a stay at home mom so she is with me 24/7. I love my child and love the fact that she can't live without me, lol, but it would be nice if at least her father could hold her so I could get a break... It hurts when I'm told that our child is known as the whiney grandkid... What should I do?
I'm the only person who can hold my child.
This may sound weird, but have your SO either put on one of your shirts (with your smell, so not clean) OR wrap your baby in it. Then have him hold her...
ALSO, he needs to realize that the baby can read his emotions. If he KNOWS she will scream, he's probably nervous and tense when he holds her. She can feel that. ALSO, she can feel when he gets angry and frustrated, which may explain some of the "fear" you sense.
You could also start slow by holding your DD and having SO cuddle both of you. That way he is close, but not directly holding her...then work on slowly getting him to hold her.
I would also have him respond to her one time. You shouldnt' be in the room, just him...Maybe have him feed her a bottle. I know it sounds like you're breastfeeding, but pump and allow him to do it occationally.
I know this was a bunch of random ideas, but Good luck!!! Try different things! It may just be a stage??Â
Cami Proud mommy to DS (9-09), DD (5-11), and baby #3 (3-13)
Yes, I love question marks and smily facesand I'll use as many as I want to!!!!!! :)
And let SO respond to her... if you are the ONLY one she is used to, then of course she is only comfortable with you!
Cami Proud mommy to DS (9-09), DD (5-11), and baby #3 (3-13)
Yes, I love question marks and smily facesand I'll use as many as I want to!!!!!! :)
Its normal, like most things. My baby was just like this around that time. My husband felt terrible because he couldnt help. Well, fast forward a few months...I dont remember when, but he was a total Daddy's boy. When my husband came home from work he would hurry to him. He wanted nothing to do with me after that. I couldnt even put him to sleep, if you can imagine that. They go through phases. His separation anxiety peaked around 6-7 months and it was crazy how bad it was. Then he mellowed out and now, he's excellent around others. He loves his Daddy time and Mommy time...he doesnt discriminate anymore . Just give your baby snuggles and it will pass.Â
Logan Christopher-February 15, 2010!!
Expecting # 2 on February 13, 2012!!
I completely agree with every single one of these posts!Â
Let SO take her for a while. Give him time to try to calm her. If you are pumping, let him feed her and make sure you are out of the room.Â
My lo is my bestest pal. She is still like this sometimes and shes 13 mon. I just have to walk away sometimes. I hate hearing her cry, but she has to learn to trust dada just as much.Â
What really showed my DH how much she loved him is when she said DaDa for the very first time. She still doesnt say mama!Â
Isabel's Mom AKA Cris
My name changed forever on 3/18/10.
Could this be the reason? My daughter won't go to anyone but me. It's difficult cause I can barely brush my teeth without her screaming :) i just have to keep gelling myself that she is only doing this because she is most comfortable with me and this stage will eventually pass... Hang in there.. In the meantime, get your husband to help you with other stuff and tell him to just get over it. It's not like we don't want other people to hold the baby. We want a break too!! But the baby is going to do what the baby is comfortable with...
I really appreciate everyones advice and support. Â Thank you!!!


text:
Ms. Rebecca D. Poston
Allergy & Immunology, Childrens Specialty Group
- 601 Childrens Ln
Norfolk, VA 23507 - 1 Office Location
- (757) 668-8572
Ms. Poston works in Norfolk, VA and specializes in Allergy & Immunology. Ms. Poston is affiliated with Childrens Hospital Of The Kings Daughter. Ms. Poston speaks English and Spanish.
Gender: Not Available
Years in Practice: Not Available
Languages Spoken: English, Spanish
Medical School: Not Available
Graduation Date: Not Available
Hospital Affiliations: Childrens Hospital Of The Kings Daughter
Specialties: Allergy & Immunology


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For general information about manatees, please browse the links on the side bar or check the related links section found on the main manatee page.
To request bulk materials, please write to:Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation CommissionImperiled Species Management Section620 S. Meridian Street, 6ATallahassee, Florida 32399-1600Phone: (850) 922-4330 FAX: (850) 922-4338
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Kabalevsky 24 Little Pieces, Opus 39
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Kabalevsky 24 Little Pieces, Opus 39 composed by Dmitri Kabalevsky (1904-1987). Edited by Keith Snell. For piano. Neil A. Kjos Master Composer Library. Intermediate. Sheet music. Published by Neil A. Kjos Music Company (KJ.GP387).
In his first years of teaching, Kabalevsky wrote these easy piano works for his young pupils. Arranged in progressive order of difficulty, many of these pieces can be played in the first or second year of study and will lead your students smoothly into intermediate level repertoire. The open spacing and clear page layout makes this edition easy to read for younger students. The fingering added by the editor keeps smaller hands in mind.
About Neil A. Kjos Master Composer Library
The Neil A. Kjos Master Composer Library, selected and edited by Keith Snell, is comprised of unique editions of the most popular piano teaching repertoire. Clavier Magazine calls it "an outstanding teaching series." All books are attractively priced for students representing an outstanding value. Compact disc recordings by Diane Hidy, Nelita True, and Hans Boepple follow the editing, emulating a beautiful and practical model for students.
- Melody
- Polka
- Cradle Song
- Marching
- A Game
- A Little Scherzo
- Funny Event
- Song Performed by Artist
- Dance
- Quick March
- Autumn Song
- Scherzo Performed by Ludwig Schytte
- A Fable
- Galloping
- A Sad Tale
- Folk Dance
- Gallop
- Prelude
- The Clown
- Improvisation
- Novelette
- Waltz
- A Happy Journey
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Kabalevsky 24 Little Pieces, Opus 39
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DK Project
Possibly long-lost relatives of Shotgun Man, these trenchcoat-clad teams have much better things to do than shoot their classmates.
A physics game for real men, take your bazooka and wipe out the zombie hordes in this physics based puzzle game, complete with lots of gibs and plenty of comedy violence, all plays out over a number of levels I cant remember how many there are.
If you don't like any levels those weren't designed by me.
249400 score, wowie-zowie!
Very addictive, yet simple control scheme and easy to work with, and it was challenging to some extent. Well done.
Like it
I like your game... Despite the fact that a lot of games are like this one, the exploding zombies are awsome xD
I would add more levels or a winning message.


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The Bug Bandit is based in the Bayside suburbs of Brisbane. We are a locally owned and managed business. This means we have a personal interest in you and the community we serve and the pest treatments are conducted by us to ensure you get the friendly qualified service you deserve every time.
The Bug Bandit has a pest management license with QLD health and is fully insured for your protection.
The Bug Bandit Pest Control Brisbane offers a professional, environmentally friendly service in all areas of pest eradication, both residential and commercial.
We only use the highest quality pest treatments that are safe for your whole family including your family pet.


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Hungary, no question, whatever we says, noone has any idea the fuck did we just say
Hungary, no question, whatever we says, noone has any idea the fuck did we just say
Last edited by Darksoldierr; 2012-08-30 at 08:44 PM.
Time is on our side
Brutal Gladiator Enhancement Shaman *rawr*
Denmark, pastries and very hot women.
"Have you had the dream again? A black goat with seven eyes that watches from the outside."
The best state of Europe is when the economy is thriving...
No, but for real? I think the Netherlands.
"【A Chinese viewpoint on the new version:MOP】
since we have lived in a world filled with magic and beast and lots of culture,so it is reasonable to let all kinds of culture come into World of Warcraft
Orc:black people Jazz
Gorblin:Israel Jews (No offensive,Gorblins are good at making money,that's ture in my eyes)"
Ehm dont sweden have over 20% unemployment among young people? Gotta be something, because here in norway those young swe are everywhere!:P
I would say Norway, and yes I am a Norwegian. Looking at how terrible many people have it out in Europe now, I am so glad I live here in Norway with all the opportunites it brings.
Follow me on twitter @crusadernero
Nero - Human Retribution Paladin on Burning Blade EU.
Norway. Good economy, smart politicians, decent attitude towards technology, great landscape, great attitude from it's inhabitants and best music in the world. It more than compensates the cost of living.
France!! Because We have baguette and fromage !
America has Stevie Wonder, Bob Hope and Jonny Cash!
France has No Wonder, No Hope ans No Cash !
I feel that it's hard to choose a country outside of Scandinavia, all of them are good countries.
I choose Norway because of their well being and economy. It has much similarity to Sweden but a better economy because of the oil.
Outside of Scandinavia I would most likely choose Italy because of their climate, nature and rich culture.
Armory: http://eu.battle.net/wow/en/characte...ealar/advanced
Raid Stream: http://www.twitch.tv/pappahealar
Guild Website: http://www.excesse-guild.net/ (Dismissed and seized raiding early 2011, March.)
Best state of Europe?
I'd go with solid, cause you know.. It's nice to walk on and stuff..
If you meant to say; what's the best nation in Europe:
Either Switzerland or Denmark. probably Switzerland as I can't for the life of me understand danish properly (I'm from Norway, Norwegian and Danish is pretty similar)
...But Switzerland doesnt have a coastline... ah crap.
I'll have to go with Sweden, It's just like Norway (Objectively been voted to "best country in the world" like 7 times in a row) just slightly worse
and they have a coastline/mountains/ a language I understand
---------- Post added 2012-08-31 at 02:16 AM ----------
out of curiosity; what music are you referring to?
Pokemon X Friendcode : 5257-9535-0556 - Poison Safari, Drapion - Kakuna - Ariados
Send me a PM with your code so I can add you back!
Since when Europes does have states? And since when Turkey is in Europe? Jesus Christ people.
Kabukage 85 Tauren Shaman - Ahn'Qiraj EU
Gandalug 85 Dwarf Paladin - Emerald Dream EU
to all the Americans trying to say "state" is the correct way of defining countries....no really it isn't, no-one in Europe says it that way, it maybe correct in USA to say Europe has states but say that in Europe and we'll all say wtf are you on about?
Could Svalbard be a state? I am fond of polar bears. If not Norway. Because polar bears on/in Svalbard. And decent economy and welfare. And Scandinavia and the good-looking Norwegian girl in my class.
That's two good reasons right there. It rarely gets so cold that you wouldnt be able to go outside anyway. Also the forests and lakes are a huge plus, just simply amazing atmosphere if you know how to enjoy minimalistic sceneries.
Just like any country, you can't see the really good stuff unless you really know what you're doing as a tourist. But I guess it's not for everyone.
Denmark /10char


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You can live in Hyderabad without ever crossing the Musi. Hyderabad, Secunderabad and Cyberabad the lines are getting blurred, discovers Serish Nanisetti
Discovering Hyderabad over a period of 10 years is like watching a fickle-minded child clutching a number of crayons and eraser working furiously on a paper. New roads are laid, buildings get erased, another set of buildings get painted, the sign boards change, the landmarks disappear, new landmarks come up. And before you can say wow, another wow factor appears/disappears. Sometimes you feel there are more erasures than sketches, sometimes more sketches than necessary. Welcome to the world of happening chaos.
In a span of 10 years, the airport from the centre of city has been picked up and plonked some 40 km away. The all–in-one Fateh Maidan, where Aurangazeb's army rested after winning the war against Qutb Shahis, has been transformed from a sports stadium to a function hall as a spanking new cricket stadium has come up in Uppal and another multi-purpose stadium has been created in Gachchibowli. Multiplexes, malls, office and residential complexes that reach for the sky define the city now. Charminar, Golconda and the annual Numaish are for tourists only. Shopping at Abids is a memory for old time Hyderabadis who would shop for woollens at one particular place, school uniforms in another place, shoes at another famous shop, books from the familiar faced shop owner rounding up with an idly, dosa and coffee at the palatial hotel. Now, children cringe and groan at the idea of shopping at another place than the mall where they can bump into their pals occasionally, never mind that the stuff in malls is worn by every sixth person on the street.
Ten years back, twin cities was the name used for the city. No more. It is now Hyderabad that encompasses Secunderabad as well as the brash new Cyberabad with its chrome, glass, gravity defying shapes and blinding colours. The stretch of road that led to the University of Hyderabad was a landscape of rocks, lakes, trees and peacocks on the rocks in the morning and evening. Now it is a whizz of honky-tonky traffic on wide roads, the rockscape has made way for a skyscape that can belong to any metropolis in the world. The few white Ambassadors on the road have made way to a fleet of white Indicas.
Kohinoor Road no 1, Banjara Hills. Where's that. But say GVK One and you will reach the mall where you can watch the marine aquarium or sit down for a fish pedicure. Kohinoor, designed by a German architect in 1930, was there till 2003 when it was felled to build the present mall.
A little ahead on the road near Masab Tank (earlier this used to be called the Inner Ring Road) is the sign Hebraist Tailors, here for 37 years. Alas that's just a sign, the tailoring firm is no longer there. The newest neighbour for the sign is Paradise Restaurant.
A world away is Kukatpally. It is no longer the sleepy 'Asia largest housing colony', it is the place where most of the software blokes stay, a place where you can spend a day without seeing anyone over 30. Bringing these young people to their workplace are wide roads that give hints of a rocky panorama that existed before the creation of Cyberabad. The road girdles the city like a rubber band. A rubber band that binds yet divides the city. A 400-year-old city that is reinventing itself every five years in the image of the young folks who bring their pulsating energy to transform the place.


text:
Dr. Vanessa N. Ohnes, MD
Internal Medicine, Texoma Care Family Medicine
- 5012 S US Highway 75 Ste 300
Denison, TX 75020 - 1 Office Location
- (903) 416-6015
Dr. Vanessa N. Ohnes graduated from the Univ Nuestra Senora De La Paz, Fac Med, La Paz, Bolivia in 2001. She works in Denison, TX and specializes in Internal Medicine. Dr. Ohnes is affiliated with Texoma Medical Center.
Gender: Female
Years in Practice: 14 Years
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Univ Nuestra Senora De La Paz, Fac Med, La Paz, Bolivia
Graduation Date: 2001
Hospital Affiliations: Texoma Medical Center
Specialties: Internal Medicine


text:
Dr. Esteban Andryjowicz, MD
Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center
- 9961 Sierra Ave
Fontana, CA 92335 - 1 Office Location
- (909) 427-5000
Dr. Esteban Andryjowicz graduated from the Mc Master Univ, Sch of Med, Hamilton, Ont, Canada in 1980. He works in Fontana, CA and specializes in Obstetrics & Gynecology. Dr. Andryjowicz is affiliated with Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center.
Gender: Male
Years in Practice: 35 Years
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Mc Master Univ, Sch of Med, Hamilton, Ont, Canada
Graduation Date: 1980
Hospital Affiliations: Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center
Specialties: Obstetrics & Gynecology