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Lake Vostok
Lake Vostok, in Antarctica, is one of the largest subglacial lakes in the world. Lake Vostok is about the same size as Lake Ontario, and even has an island in the middle of it. On top of the lake is an icecap 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) thick. The ice actually insulates the water, preventing it from freezing.A Lake by Any Other Name
A mere is a large, shallow lake. Meres are common in the United Kingdom, while meers (the Dutch word for lake) are found in the Netherlands.
Lochs are lakes or bays mostly found in Scotland.Lake District
The Lake District is a famous wilderness area in northern England. Lake District National Park is one of the countrys most popular parks. Besides lakes, the Lake District is filled with mountains and hills, valleys and streams, bogs and plains. The Lake District was a favorite place of the so-called Lake Poets, a group of 19th-century English writers including William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.A lake is a body of water that is surrounded by land. There are millions of lakes in the world. They are found on every continent and in every kind of environment—in mountains and deserts, on plains, and near seashores.
Lakes vary greatly in size. Some measure only a few square meters and are small enough to fit in your backyard. Such small lakes are often referred to as ponds. Other lakes are so big that they are called seas. The Caspian Sea, in Europe and Asia, is the world's largest lake, with an area of more than 370,000 square kilometers (143,000 square miles).
Lakes also vary greatly in depth. The world's deepest lake is Lake Baikal, in Russia. Its bottom is nearly 2 kilometers (more than 1 mile) below the surface in places. Although Lake Baikal covers less than half the surface area of Lake Superior—one of North America's Great Lakes—it is about four times deeper and holds nearly as much water as all five of the Great Lakes combined. Other lakes are so shallow that a person could easily wade across them.
Lakes exist at many different elevations. One of the highest is Lake Titicaca, in the Andes Mountains between Bolivia and Peru. It is about 3,810 meters (12,500 feet) above sea level. The lowest lake is the Dead Sea, between Israel and Jordan. It is more than 395 meters (1,300 feet) below sea level.
The water in lakes comes from rain, snow, melting ice, streams, and groundwater seepage. Most lakes contain freshwater.
All lakes are either open or closed. If water leaves a lake by a river or other outlet, it is said to be open. All freshwater lakes are open. If water only leaves a lake by evaporation, the lake is closed. Closed lakes usually become saline, or salty. This is because as the water evaporates, it leaves behind solids—mostly salts. The Great Salt Lake, in the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest saline lake in North America. Its water is saltier than the ocean. Surrounding the Great Salt Lake are salt flats, areas where the lake has evaporated, leaving only stretches of white salt.
How Lakes Are Formed
All lakes fill bowl-shaped depressions in the Earth's surface, called basins. Lake basins are formed in several ways.
Many lakes, especially those in the Northern Hemisphere, were formed by glaciers that covered large areas of land during the most recent ice age, about 18,000 years ago.
The huge masses of ice carved out great pits and scrubbed the land as they moved slowly along. When the glaciers melted, water filled those depressions, forming lakes. Glaciers also carved deep valleys and deposited large quantities of earth, pebbles, and boulders as they melted. These materials sometimes formed dams that trapped water and created more lakes.
Many areas of North America and Europe are dotted with glacial lakes. The U.S. state of Minnesota is nicknamed "The Land of 10,000 Lakes" because of the number of glacial lakes. Many lakes in North America, including the Great Lakes, were created primarily by glaciers.
Some lake basins form where plate tectonics changed the Earth's crust, making it buckle and fold or break apart. When the crust breaks, deep cracks, called faults, may form. These faults make natural basins that may fill with water from rainfall or from streams flowing in the basin. When these movements occur near the ocean, part of the ocean may be trapped by a new block of land thrust up from below the Earth's surface. The Caspian Sea was formed this way. Lake Baikal was also formed by the movement of tectonic plates.
Many lakes form as a result of volcanoes. After a volcano becomes inactive, its crater may fill with rain or melted snow. Sometimes the top of a volcano is blown off or collapses during an eruption, leaving a depression called a caldera. It, too, may fill with rainwater and become a lake. Crater Lake, in the U.S. state of Oregon, one of the deepest lakes in the world, was created when ancient Mount Mazama's volcanic cone collapsed.
Not all lakes are created by basins filling with water. Some lakes are formed by rivers. Mature rivers often wind back and forth across a plain in wide loops called meanders. During periods of flooding, a swollen, rushing river may create a shortcut and bypass a meander, leaving a body of standing water. This type of small lake is called an oxbow lake, because its shape resembles the U-shaped frame that fits over an ox's neck when it is harnessed to pull a wagon or a plow.
Lakes may also be created by landslides or mudslides that send soil, rock, or mud sliding down hills and mountains. The debris piles up in natural dams that can block the flow of a stream, forming a lake.
Dams that beavers build out of tree branches can plug up rivers or streams and make large ponds or marshes.
People make lakes by digging basins or by damming rivers or springs. These artificial lakes can become reservoirs, storing water for irrigation, hygiene, and industrial use. Artificial lakes also provide recreational use for boating, swimming, or fishing.
Artificial lakes can provide electricity through hydroelectric power plants at the dam. Lake Mead, in the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, was formed when the Hoover Dam was built during the Great Depression. The dam was built to control the unpredictable Colorado River and provides electricity to the western United States.
Chemical and Physical Aspects of Lakes
Temperature, light, and wind are three of the main factors that affect the physical characteristics of a lake. Temperature and light vary from lake to lake. Depth, plant growth, dissolved materials, time of day, season, and latitude can all affect light's ability to pass through the lake's water.
Light and wind affect the temperature in lakes. Sunlight warms the water, and wind cools it down. Most lakes go through a process called thermal stratification. Thermal stratification refers to a lake's three main layers, each with a different temperature range. A lake's shallowest layer is the epilimnion. Its middle layer is the metalimnion, or thermocline. The deepest layer is the hypolimnion.
The most important chemicals in a lake are nitrogen and phosphorus. These chemicals allow nutrient-rich plants and algae to grow. Other organisms feed off these plants and algae, creating a complex, healthy ecosystem.
The chemistry of a lake is affected by biological, geological, and human processes. The balance of nutrients may be altered by biological phenomena such as "algal blooms," when algae reproduces so rapidly it prevents any nutrients from reaching below the lake's surface. Natural processes such as the eruption of a nearby volcano can alter the chemical aspect of a lake by introducing new gases or minerals. Pollution, such as the introduction of toxic chemicals from industry or agriculture, can also affect a lake's chemistry.
The amount of oxygen and the pH level can also affect a lake's chemistry. A lake must have a healthy amount of oxygen to sustain life. Lakes that do not have enough oxygen to sustain life are abiotic.
The pH level is a chemical property of all substances. A substance's pH level indicates whether it is an acid or a base. Substances with a pH of less that 7 are acidic; substances with a pH greater than 7 are basic. Lakes have different pH levels, with life adapting to different chemical environments. Lake Tanganyika, one of the African Great Lakes, has an extremely high pH. It is full of dissolved minerals. Fish such as cichlids thrive in Lake Tanganyika. Tilapia, a variety of cichlid, can also thrive in lakes with very low pH.
The Life Cycle of Lakes
Once formed, lakes do not stay the same. Like people, they go through different life stages—youth, maturity, old age, and death. All lakes, even the largest, slowly disappear as their basins fill with sediment and plant material. The natural aging of a lake happens very slowly, over the course of hundreds and even thousands of years. But with human influence, it can take only decades.
A lake's plants and algae slowly die. The warm, shallow water of the upper layer of the lake causes plants and algae to decompose, and eventually they sink to the basin. Dust and mineral deposits on the bottom of the lake combine with the plants to form sediment. Rain washes soil and pebbles into the basin. The remains of fish and other animals pile up on the lake's bottom. The lake becomes smaller, starting at the edges and working toward the middle. Eventually, the lake becomes a marsh, bog, or swamp. At this point, the drying-up process slows down dramatically; limnologists, people who study lakes and ponds, aren't sure why. Eventually, the lake becomes dry land.
Dry lake beds are a perfect place to find and study fossils. Archaeologists often excavate ancient lake beds, such as Fossil Butte in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The remains of organisms, from single-celled bacteria to dinosaurs, were preserved over time as sediment on the lake bed built up around and on top of them. In fact, some scientists believe the first living organisms on Earth developed in lakes.
Lake Classification
There are three basic ways that limnologists classify lakes: how many nutrients lakes have, how their water mixes, and what kinds of fish live in them.
When lakes are classified by the amount of nutrients they have, limnologists are using the trophic system. Generally, the clearer the water in the lake, the fewer nutrients it has. Lakes that are very nutrient-rich are cloudy and hard to see through; this includes lakes that are unhealthy because they have too many nutrients. Lakes need to have a balance of nutrients.
Lakes can also be classified by how the water mixes, or turns over from top (epilimnion) to bottom (hypolimnion). This is called lake turnover. Water in some lakes, mostly shallow ones, mixes all year long. These lakes have very little lake turnover.
Deep lakes experience lake turnover on a large scale. The middle layer, the thermocline, mixes and turns over throughout the year. It turns over due to climate, nutrient variations, and geologic activity such as earthquakes. However, major lake turnover happens during the fall and spring, when the lake's cold and warm waters mix and readjust. Most lakes that experience lake turnover are dimictic lakes, meaning their waters mix twice a year, usually in fall and spring.
Lake turnover changes with the seasons. During the summer, the epilimnion, or surface layer, is the warmest. It is heated by the sun. The deepest layer, the hypolimnion, is the coldest. The sun's radiation does not reach this cold, dark layer.
During the fall, the warm surface water begins to cool. As water cools, it becomes more dense, causing it to sink. This cold, dense water sinks to the bottom of the lake. It forces the water of the hypolimnion to rise.
During the winter, the epilimnion is coldest because it is exposed to wind, snow, and low air temperatures. The hypolimnion is the warmest. It is insulated by the earth. This is why there is ice on lakes during the winter, while fish swim in slightly warmer, liquid water beneath.
During the spring, the lake turns over again. The cold surface water sinks to the bottom, forcing the warmer, less dense water upward.
The final way to classify lakes is by the kinds of fish they have. This helps people in the fishing industry identify what kinds of fish they might be able to catch in that lake. For example, calling a lake a cold-water lake tells a fisherman that he can probably expect to find trout, a cold-water fish. A lake that has thick, muddy sediment is more likely to have catfish.
There are other ways of classifying a lake, such as by whether it is closed or fed by a river or stream. States also divide lakes into ones that are available for public use and ones that are not. Many people refer to lakes by size.
How Animals and Plants Use Lakes
Lakes are important in preserving wildlife. They serve as migration stops and breeding grounds for many birds and as refuges for a wide variety of other animals. They provide homes for a diversity of organisms, from microscopic plants and animals to fish that may weigh hundreds of kilograms. The largest fish found in lakes is the sturgeon, which can grow to 6 meters (20 feet) and weigh more than 680 kilograms (1,500 pounds).
Plants growing along the lakeshore may include mosses, ferns, reeds, rushes, and cattails. Small animals such as snails, shrimp, crayfish, worms, frogs, and dragonflies live among the plants and lay their eggs on them both above and below the waterline. Farther from the shore, floating plants such as water lilies and water hyacinths often thrive. They have air-filled bladders, or sacs, that help keep them afloat. These plants shelter small fish that dart in and out under their leaves. Waterbugs, beetles, and spiders glide and skitter across the surface or just below it. Small islands, floating plants, or fallen logs provide sunny spots for turtles to warm themselves.
Other animals live near the lake, such as bats and semi-aquatic animals, such as mink, salamanders, beavers, and turtles. Semi-aquatic animals need both water and land to survive, so both the lake and the shore are important to them.
Many kinds of water birds live on lakes or gather there to breed and raise their young. Ducks are the most common lake birds. Others include swans, geese, loons, kingfishers, herons, and bald eagles.
Many people think of fish when they think of lakes. Some of the most common fish found in lakes are tiny shiners, sunfish, perch, bass, crappie, muskie, walleye, perch, lake trout, pike, eels, catfish, salmon, and sturgeon. Many of these provide food for people.
How People Use Lakes
Lakes are an important part of the water cycle; they are where all the water in an area collects. Water filters down through the watershed, which is all the streams and rivers that flow into a specific lake.
Lakes are valuable resources for people in a variety of ways. Through the centuries, lakes have provided routes for travel and trade. The Great Lakes of North America, for example, are major inland routes for ships carrying grain and raw materials such as iron ore and coal.
Farmers use lake water to irrigate crops. The effect of very large lakes on climate also helps farmers. Because water does not heat or cool as rapidly as land does, winds blowing from lakes help keep the climate more even. This is the "lake effect." The city of Chicago, in the U.S. state of Illinois, benefits from the lake effect. Chicago sits on the shore of Lake Michigan. When the western part of Illinois is snowing, Chicago often remains slightly warmer.
The lake effect can help farmers. In autumn, lakes blow warmer air over the land, helping the season last longer so farmers can continue to grow their crops. In spring, cool lake winds help plants not to grow too soon and avoid the danger of early-spring frosts, which can kill the young crops.
Lakes supply many communities with water. Artificial lakes are used to store water for times of drought. Lakes formed by dams also provide hydroelectric energy. The water is channeled from the lake to drive generators that produce electricity.
Because they are often very beautiful, lakes are popular recreation and vacation spots. People seek out their sparkling waters to enjoy boating, swimming, water-skiing, fishing, sailing, and, in winter, ice skating, ice boating, and ice fishing. Many public parks are built near lakes, allowing people to picnic, camp, hike, bike, and enjoy the wildlife and scenery the lake provides.
For some people, lakes are permanent homes. For example, indigenous people called the Uros have lived on Lake Titicaca in the Andes Mountains for centuries. The lake supplies almost everything the Uros need. They catch fish from the lake and hunt water birds.
The Uros also use the reeds that grow in Lake Titicaca to build floating "islands" to live on. The islands are about 2 meters (6.5 feet) thick. On them, the Uros build reed houses and make reed sleeping mats, baskets, fishing boats, and sails. They also eat the roots and the celery-like stalks of the reeds.
Lake Health: Blue-Green Algae
Although lakes naturally age and die, people have sped up the process by polluting the water. A major problem that threatens many lakes is blue-green algae. Blue-green algae is sometimes referred to as "pond scum" and can be blue-green, blue, green, reddish-purple, or brown. It stays on the surface of the water and forms a sort of mat. When the conditions are just right, the algae multiplies quickly. This is called an algal bloom and is harmful to lakes, animals, plants, and people.
Blue-green algae is different from true algae because it is not eaten by other organisms. True algae is an important part of the food web because it supplies energy for tiny animals, which are then eaten by fish, which are then eaten by other fish, birds, animals, or people.
Blue-green algae, also called cyanobacteria, is not a part of the food web. It uses up important nutrients without contributing to the lake ecosystem. Instead, the algal bloom chokes up a lake and uses up the oxygen that fish and other living things depend on for survival. Plants die more quickly, sinking to the bottom and filling up the lake basin. Blue-green algae also can become so dense that it prevents light from penetrating the water, changing the chemistry and affecting species living below the surface.
When an algal bloom happens, water becomes contaminated. The toxic water can kill animals and make humans sick. Blue-green algae is not a new problem. Scientists have found evidence of it from hundreds of years ago. The problem has increased, though, as humans pollute lakes.
Eutrophication is when a lake gets too many nutrients, causing blue-green algae growth. How do the excess nutrients get into lakes? Sewage from towns and cities causes explosive growth of blue-green algae, and waste from factories can wash into the lakes and pollute them. Phosphorus-based fertilizers from farms, golf courses, parks, and even neighborhood lawns can wash into lakes and pollute them. The phosphorus seeps into the ground and eventually reaches the lake. Phosphorus is an important nutrient for a lake, but too much of it is not a good thing because it encourages blue-green algae.
How can blue-green algae be prevented or reduced? At home, people can help by using phosphorus-free fertilizer and by fertilizing only where it's needed. Preventing lawn clippings and leaves from washing into the gutter and maintaining a buffer of native plants help filter water and stop debris from washing away. Making sure septic systems don't have leaks, safely disposing of household chemicals (like paint), and minimizing activities that erode soil also help prevent the spread of blue-green algae.
Controlling phosphorous and chemicals from factories and farms is much more complicated. Citizens need to work with businesses and elected leaders to help reduce the amount of runoff and water pollution.
Lake Health: Invasive Species
When a plant or animal species is moved to a location where it's not originally from, the species is called an exotic species. When that species harms the natural balance in an ecosystem, the species is called invasive. Invasive species can harm life in a lake by competing for the same resources that native species do. When introduced to new food sources, invasive species multiply quickly, crowding out the helpful native species until there are more invasive than native species.
Invasive species can change the natural habitat of the lake and are known as biological pollutants when this happens. Once non-native species have been introduced into a lake, they are almost impossible to get rid of.
How do invasive species invade in the first place? Non-native plants and animals are almost always introduced by people. As people use waterways more frequently, they may inadvertently move organisms from one area to another.
Plants such as Eurasian watermilfoil, an invasive aquatic plant in the U.S., may cling to boats, clothing, pets, equipment, and vehicles. Small animals such as the spiny water flea can travel unnoticed by hopping onto a kayak or other recreational equipment.
Species are also carried by large ships bringing goods from one country to another. These ships take in ballast water, which helps stabilize the ship as it crosses the ocean. When the ship reaches its destination, it releases the ballast water. The water may be full of non-native species accidentally captured as the ship took on ballast.
The most famous invasive species in lakes is probably the zebra mussel, a small mollusk native to the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in Europe and Asia. In the late 1980s, zebra mussels were found in several of North America's Great Lakes. Since then, zebra mussels have spread to lakes from the U.S. state of Louisiana to the Canadian province of Quebec. Zebra mussels devastate native plants and animals. Some scientists say they carry a type of disease that is deadly to birds that eat the mussels. Zebra mussels multiply so quickly that they clog pipes. This harms machinery at industrial plants that use water, including hydroelectric dams and water filtration plants. Ships, docks, anchors, and buoys have also been destroyed by the invasive zebra mussel.
Communities have worked to reduce the impact of invasive species. Many states have laws prohibiting the sale or transport of non-native species. People are encouraged to inspect their boats and other equipment for wildlife. Boaters should remove plants, animals, and mud before leaving the water-access area. They should also drain any water from their boat. Rinsing boats, equipment, and even people can help reduce the transfer of harmful species. People should also get rid of leftover bait and report any species they see that look like they might not be native. These steps can make a big difference in keeping the habitat of a lake healthy.
Lake Health: Acid Rain
Another major threat to lakes today is acid rain. Some acid is natural, even in pure rain. This slightly toxic chemical slowly weathers rocks and soil. Acid rain, however, is caused by human activities and is harmful. It is caused by toxic gases from factories, coal-fired power plants, vehicle exhaust, and home furnaces.
Nitrogen and sulfur, the main ingredients of acid rain, rise in the air and may be carried hundreds of kilometers by wind. When these gases mix with the moisture in clouds, they form strong acids, which kill fish, plants, and other organisms when the acids fall as rain or snow on lakes. Acid rain can also affect humans, causing asthma and bronchitis, and damaging lung tissue. Methylmercury, a toxic form of mercury, has been linked to acid rain. Eating fish containing high levels of this mercury is particularly harmful for pregnant women, the elderly, and children.
Lakes and soil can neutralize normal levels of acid, but acid rain is too strong for lakes to combat. Eventually, acid rain leaves lakes sterile and lifeless. There are many lakes today in the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe dead or drying up because of acid rain.
Some steps have been taken to curb acid rain. The Clean Air Act was passed by the United States Congress in 1990. It required all utility companies to reduce the amount of toxic emissions by 40 percent by the year 2000. At home, people can help the problem by replacing old furnaces, turning off electronics when they're not being used, and using fans or opening windows in the summer instead of air conditioning. Using compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) and energy-efficient vehicles also help reduce the amount of pollution going into the air.
Lakes are among the most valuable and most beautiful of the Earth's resources. Most experts agree that lakes must be kept clean and free from pollution if they are to continue to provide the many benefits that we receive from them today. -
Term Part of Speech Definition Encyclopedic Entry abiotic Adjective lacking or absent of life.
acid Noun chemical compound that reacts with a base to form a salt. Acids can corrode some natural materials. Acids have pH levels lower than 7.
acid rain Noun precipitation with high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids. Acid rain can be manmade or occur naturally.
agriculture Noun the art and science of cultivating the land for growing crops (farming) or raising livestock (ranching).
Encyclopedic Entry: agriculture air conditioning Noun system that cools the air.
algae Plural Noun (singular: alga) diverse group of aquatic organisms, the largest of which are seaweeds.
algal bloom Noun the rapid increase of algae in an aquatic environment.
ancient Adjective very old.
aquatic Adjective having to do with water.
archaeologist Noun person who studies artifacts and lifestyles of ancient cultures.
asthma Noun disease that makes it difficult to breathe.
bacteria Plural Noun (singular: bacterium) single-celled organisms found in every ecosystem on Earth.
bait Noun object used to attract something.
bald eagle Noun white-headed bird of prey native to North America.
ballast Noun heavy material, usually water, used to provide stability for large ships or other oceangoing vessels.
base Noun chemical compound that reacts with acid to form a salt. Bases have pH levels higher than 7.
bass Noun type of popular game fish, found in both ocean and freshwater environments.
bat Noun flying mammal.
bay Noun body of water partially surrounded by land, usually with a wide mouth to a larger body of water.
Encyclopedic Entry: bay beaver Noun large, semiaquatic rodent with sharp teeth, a flat tail, and the ability to build dams.
biological pollutant Noun non-native species that changes an ecosystem's native habitat.
biological process Noun method of work or functionality of a living thing or series of living things.
blue-green algae Noun type of aquatic bacteria (not algae) that can photosynthesize light to create energy. Also called cyanobacteria and (in freshwater habitats) pond scum.
bog Noun wetland of soft ground made mostly of decaying plant matter.
boulder Noun large rock.
breeding ground Noun place where animals mate, give birth, and sometimes raise young.
bronchitis Noun irritation of the main air passages to the lungs.
buffer Noun a cushion or shield.
buoy Noun floating object anchored to the bottom of a body of water. Buoys are often equipped with signals.
caldera Noun large depression resulting from the collapse of the center of a volcano.
Encyclopedic Entry: caldera catfish Noun freshwater fish with wiry organs that look like whiskers on its upper jaw.
cattail Noun aquatic plant.
celery Noun edible plant.
century Noun 100 years.
choke Verb to cut off the air supply of a living organism.
cichlid Noun spiny-finned freshwater fish.
classify Verb to identify or arrange by specific type or characteristic.
Clean Air Act Noun (1955) set of rules and regulations to control air pollution in the United States. Originally called the Air Pollution Control Act, most recently updated in 1990.
climate Noun all weather conditions for a given location over a period of time.
Encyclopedic Entry: climate clog Verb to obstruct or prevent travel.
closed lake Noun inland body of fresh water that does not have a river or other outlet flowing from it, losing water only through evaporation.
coal Noun dark, solid fossil fuel mined from the earth.
collapse Verb to fall apart completely.
compact fluorescent light bulb (CLF) Noun source of electric light that uses less power and lasts longer than an incandescent light bulb or lamp. Also called compact fluorescent lamp.
cone Noun hill created by a volcanic eruption.
Congress Noun legislative branch of the government, responsible for making laws. The U.S. Congress has two bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate.
contaminate Verb to poison or make hazardous.
continent Noun one of the seven main land masses on Earth.
Encyclopedic Entry: continent crappie Noun freshwater fish.
crater Noun bowl-shaped depression formed by a volcanic eruption or impact of a meteorite.
Encyclopedic Entry: crater crayfish Noun crustacean resembling a small lobster. Also called a crawdad.
crop Noun agricultural produce.
Encyclopedic Entry: crop crust Noun rocky outermost layer of Earth or other planet.
Encyclopedic Entry: crust curb Verb to restrain or control.
cyanobacteria Noun type of aquatic bacteria that can photosynthesize light to create energy. Also called blue-green algae (even though it is not algae) and (in freshwater habitats) pond scum.
dam Verb to block a flow of water.
dam Noun structure built across a river or other waterway to control the flow of water.
debris Noun remains of something broken or destroyed; waste, or garbage.
decompose Verb to decay or break down.
dense Adjective having parts or molecules that are packed closely together.
desert Noun area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year.
Encyclopedic Entry: desert destination Noun place where a person or thing is going.
dimictic lake Noun lake whose waters mix twice a year, usually in the fall and spring.
dinosaur Noun very large, extinct reptile chiefly from the Mesozoic Era, 251 million to 65 million years ago.
dissolve Verb to break up or disintegrate.
dragonfly Noun insect that preys on mosquitoes and other insects.
drought Noun period of greatly reduced precipitation.
Encyclopedic Entry: drought duck Noun aquatic bird.
dust Noun tiny, dry particles of material solid enough for wind to carry.
Encyclopedic Entry: dust earth Noun soil or dirt.
earthquake Noun the sudden shaking of Earth's crust caused by the release of energy along fault lines or from volcanic activity.
ecosystem Noun community and interactions of living and nonliving things in an area.
Encyclopedic Entry: ecosystem eel Noun fish with a long body and no fins on the lower surface of the body.
electricity Noun set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge.
electronics Noun devices or tools that use electricity to work.
elevation Noun height above or below sea level.
Encyclopedic Entry: elevation emission Noun discharge or release.
environment Noun conditions that surround and influence an organism or community.
epilimnion Noun surface and upper part of a lake.
erode Verb to wear away.
eruption Noun release of material from an opening in the Earth's crust.
eutrophication Noun build-up of sediment and organic matter in bodies of water, which may cause a change in the productivity of the ecosystem.
evaporate Verb to change from a liquid to a gas or vapor.
evaporation Noun process by which liquid water becomes water vapor.
Encyclopedic Entry: evaporation excavate Verb to expose by digging.
excess Noun extra or surplus.
exhaust Noun gases and particles expelled from an engine.
exotic Adjective foreign or strange.
exotic species Noun non-native species.
factory Noun one or more buildings used for the manufacture of a product.
farm Noun land cultivated for crops, livestock, or both.
farmer Noun person who cultivates land and raises crops.
fault Noun a crack in the Earth's crust where there has been movement.
fern Noun flowerless plant.
fertilizer Noun nutrient-rich chemical substance (natural or manmade) applied to soil to encourage plant growth.
filter Verb to remove particles from a substance by passing the substance through a screen or other material that catches larger particles and lets the rest of the substance pass through.
flood Verb to overflow or cover in water or another liquid.
food chain Noun group of organisms linked in order of the food they eat, from producers to consumers, and from prey, predators, scavengers, and decomposers.
Encyclopedic Entry: food chain food web Noun all related food chains in an ecosystem. Also called a food cycle.
Encyclopedic Entry: food web fossil Noun remnant, impression, or trace of an ancient organism.
Encyclopedic Entry: fossil freshwater Noun water that is not salty.
frog Noun animal (amphibian) with smooth skin and long hind legs for jumping.
frost Noun thin coat of ice covering objects when the dew point is below freezing.
Encyclopedic Entry: frost furnace Noun device used for heating by burning a fuel, such as wood or coal.
generator Noun machine that converts one type of energy to another, such as mechanical energy to electricity.
geological process Noun method by which the Earth changes.
glacial lake Noun body of water created by a melting glacier.
glacier Noun mass of ice that moves slowly over land.
Encyclopedic Entry: glacier goose Noun aquatic bird with a long neck.
grain Noun harvested seed of such grasses as wheat, oats, and rice.
Encyclopedic Entry: grain Great Depression Noun (1929-1941) period of very low economic activity in the U.S. and throughout the world.
Great Lakes Noun largest freshwater bodies in the world, located in the United States and Canada. Lake Huron, Lake Ontario, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Superior make up the Great Lakes.
groundwater seepage Noun process by which water from an aquifer seeps up to form a lake or pond.
habitat Noun environment where an organism lives throughout the year or for shorter periods of time.
Encyclopedic Entry: habitat harness Verb to control or guide for a specific purpose.
heron Noun long-legged wading bird.
Hoover Dam Noun dam on the Colorado River between the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada. Also called the Boulder Dam.
human process Noun system that produces, maintains, and changes human activities, such as migration or diffusion.
hydroelectric energy Noun energy generated by moving water converted to electricity. Also known as hydroelectricity.
Encyclopedic Entry: hydroelectric energy hydroelectric power Noun usable energy generated by moving water converted to electricity.
hygiene Noun science and methods of keeping clean and healthy.
hypolimnion Noun dense bottom layer of a lake.
ice Noun water in its solid form.
Encyclopedic Entry: ice ice age Noun long period of cold climate where glaciers cover large parts of the Earth. The last ice age peaked about 20,000 years ago. Also called glacial age.
inadvertent Adjective accidental or not on purpose.
indigenous Adjective native to or characteristic of a specific place.
industrial Adjective having to do with factories or mechanical production.
industry Noun activity that produces goods and services.
inland Adjective area not near the ocean.
insulate Verb to cover with material to prevent the escape of energy (such as heat) or sound.
invasive species Noun type of plant or animal that is not indigenous to a particular area and causes economic or environmental harm.
Encyclopedic Entry: invasive species iron Noun chemical element with the symbol Fe.
irrigate Verb to water.
irrigation Noun watering land, usually for agriculture, by artificial means.
Encyclopedic Entry: irrigation island Noun body of land surrounded by water.
Encyclopedic Entry: island kingfisher Noun bird that preys on fish and insects.
lake Noun body of water surrounded by land.
lake basin Noun dip or depression in the surface of the Earth that used to be the site of a lake.
lakebed Noun bottom of a lake.
Lake District Noun mountainous region in northwest England.
lake effect Noun process where cold winds blowing over a relatively warm lake cause rapid cloud formation and precipitation.
Lake Poets Noun group of 19th century writers who lived and worked in the Lake District in northern England: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey.
lake trout Noun freshwater fish often caught for food.
lake turnover Noun process of the dense lower layer of a lake rising to become the upper, less-dense layer.
landslide Noun the fall of rocks, soil, and other materials from a mountain, hill, or slope.
Encyclopedic Entry: landslide latitude Noun distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees.
Encyclopedic Entry: latitude limnologist Noun person who studies lakes and ponds.
loch Noun lake or bay.
loon Noun aquatic bird.
lung Noun organ in an animal that is necessary for breathing.
machinery Noun mechanical appliances or tools used in manufacturing.
marsh Noun wetland area usually covered by a shallow layer of seawater or freshwater.
Encyclopedic Entry: marsh meander Noun large curve in a lake or stream.
mere Noun shallow lake with large surface area.
metalimnion Noun middle layer of a lake where temperature change occurs most frequently.
methylmercury Noun toxic chemical that builds up in living tissue and enters the food chain.
microscopic Adjective very small.
migration Noun movement of a group of people or animals from one place to another.
migration stop Noun point in a migration route where animals rest and eat.
mineral Noun inorganic material that has a characteristic chemical composition and specific crystal structure.
mink Noun semi-aquatic animal related to the weasel.
mollusk Noun type of invertebrate animal.
moss Noun small, flowerless plant that grows in tufts or mats.
mountain Noun landmass that forms as tectonic plates interact with each other.
Mount Mazama Noun extinct volcano in the U.S. state of Oregon whose caldera holds Crater Lake.
mudslide Noun rapid, downhill flow of soil and water. Also called a mudflow.
muskie Noun large freshwater fish. Also called a muskellunge.
native species Noun species that occur naturally in an area or habitat. Also called indigenous species.
neutralize Verb to counteract and make ineffective.
nitrogen Noun chemical element with the symbol N, whose gas form is 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.
non-native species Noun a type of plant or animal that is not indigenous to a particular area. Non-native species can sometimes cause economic or environmental harm as an invasive species.
nutrient Noun substance an organism needs for energy, growth, and life.
Encyclopedic Entry: nutrient ocean Noun large body of salt water that covers most of the Earth.
Encyclopedic Entry: ocean open lake Noun inland body of fresh water with a river or other body of water flowing out of it.
ore Noun deposit in the Earth of minerals containing valuable metal.
Encyclopedic Entry: ore oxbow lake Noun lake formed from an abandoned bend in a river.
Encyclopedic Entry: oxbow lake oxygen Noun chemical element with the symbol O, whose gas form is 21% of the Earth's atmosphere.
park Noun area of land set aside for recreational use.
pebble Noun very small, rounded rock.
penetrate Verb to push through.
perch Verb to sit or rest on a tree branch or other elevated position.
pH Noun measure of a substance's acid or basic composition. Distilled water is neutral, a 7 on the pH scale. Acids are below 7, and bases are above.
phenomena Plural Noun (singular: phenomenon) any observable occurrence or feature.
phosphorus Noun chemical element with the symbol P.
physical characteristic Noun physical feature of an organism or object.
pike Noun large freshwater fish.
plain Noun flat, smooth area at a low elevation.
Encyclopedic Entry: plain plant Noun organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis and whose cells have walls.
plate tectonics Noun movement and interaction of the Earth's plates.
plow noun, verb tool used for cutting, lifting, and turning the soil in preparation for planting.
pollutant Noun chemical or other substance that harms a natural resource.
pollution Noun introduction of harmful materials into the environment.
Encyclopedic Entry: pollution pond Noun small body of water surrounded by land.
pond scum Noun type of aquatic bacteria that can photosynthesize light to create energy. Also called cyanobacteria and blue-green algae (even though it is not an algae).
pregnant Noun status of females carrying offspring in their bodies before birth.
prevent Verb to keep something from happening.
primarily Adverb first or most important.
prohibit Verb to disallow or prevent.
radiation Noun energy, emitted as waves or particles, radiating outward from a source.
rain Noun liquid precipitation.
Encyclopedic Entry: rain rapidly Adverb fast.
raw material Noun matter that needs to be processed into a product to use or sell.
recreational Adjective having to do with activities done for enjoyment.
reduce Verb to lower or lessen.
reed Noun grass with tall, strong stalks that grows in marshy ecosystems.
refuge Noun shelter or protection from danger.
remains Noun materials left from a dead or absent organism.
reservoir Noun natural or man-made lake.
Encyclopedic Entry: reservoir resource Noun available supply of materials, goods, or services. Resources can be natural or human.
river Noun large stream of flowing fresh water.
Encyclopedic Entry: river rock Noun natural substance composed of solid mineral matter.
route Noun path or way.
runoff Noun overflow of fluid from a farm or industrial factory.
Encyclopedic Entry: runoff rush Noun grasslike aquatic plant.
salamander Noun lizard-like amphibian.
saline Adjective salty.
salmon Noun cold-water fish hunted for food and game.
salt Noun mineral often used as a preservative or flavoring.
salt flat Noun large, flat expanse of earth covered by a thick layer of salt left by an evaporated saline lake or pond. Also called a playa, sink, or salt pan.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge Noun (1772-1834) English poet.
sea Noun large part of the ocean enclosed or partly enclosed by land.
Encyclopedic Entry: sea sea level Noun base level for measuring elevations. Sea level is determined by measurements taken over a 19-year cycle.
Encyclopedic Entry: sea level seashore Noun beach or coast.
season Noun period of the year distinguished by special climatic conditions.
Encyclopedic Entry: season sediment Noun solid material transported and deposited by water, ice, and wind.
Encyclopedic Entry: sediment seep Verb to slowly flow through a border.
semi-aquatic Adjective needing both a water and land environment to live and reproduce.
septic system Noun individual sewage treatment system, usually for a single residence or place of business.
sewage Noun liquid and solid waste material from homes and businesses.
shiner Noun small freshwater fish or minnow.
shrimp Noun animal that lives near the bottom of oceans and lakes.
skitter Verb to move quickly across a surface in no set pattern.
smog Noun type of air pollution common in manufacturing areas or areas with high traffic.
Encyclopedic Entry: smog snail Noun marine or terrestrial animal (mollusk) with a shell and one foot on which it glides.
snow Noun precipitation made of ice crystals.
soil Noun top layer of the Earth's surface where plants can grow.
specific Adjective exact or precise.
spider Noun eight-legged animal (arachnid) that usually spins webs to catch food.
spiny water flea Noun small crustacean native to northern Europe.
square meter Noun space equal to a square measuring one meter on each side.
stalk Noun stem of a plant.
sterile Adjective not able to reproduce.
stream Noun body of flowing water.
Encyclopedic Entry: stream sturgeon Noun type of marine or freshwater large, long, bony fish.
subglacial lake Noun inland body of fresh water that exists under a glacier or ice cap.
sulfur Noun chemical element with the symbol S.
sunfish Noun small freshwater fish.
surface area Noun amount of exposed land, water, or other material.
survival Noun ability to live.
swamp Noun land permanently saturated with water and sometimes covered with it.
Encyclopedic Entry: swamp swan Noun large aquatic bird.
tectonic plate Noun large, moveable segment of the Earth's crust.
temperature Noun degree of hotness or coldness measured by a thermometer with a numerical scale.
Encyclopedic Entry: temperature thermal stratification Noun thermal layering of a lake, including the top layer (epilimnion), middle layer (metalimnion), and lowest layer (hypolimnion).
thermocline Noun level or layer of a fluid depth where temperature changes more rapidly than the fluid either above or below it.
toxic Adjective poisonous.
trade Noun buying, selling, or exchanging of goods and services.
travel Noun movement from one place to another.
trophic system Noun way of classifying lakes based on the amount of nutrients the lakes possess.
turtle Noun type of reptile with a shell encasing most of its body.
Uros Noun people and culture native to Lake Titicaca in South America.
utility Noun company or organization that distributes electricity, water, or gas to residents and businesses.
utility company Noun business that organizes and delivers public services such as electricity, water, or natural gas.
valley Noun depression in the Earth between hills.
vary Verb to change.
visibility Noun the ability to see or be seen with the unaided eye. Also called visual range.
volcanic cone Noun hill created by a volcanic eruption.
Encyclopedic Entry: volcanic cone volcano Noun an opening in the Earth's crust, through which lava, ash, and gases erupt, and also the cone built by eruptions.
Encyclopedic Entry: volcano wade Verb to walk through shallow water.
wagon Noun wheeled vehicle pulled by horses or other beasts of burden.
walleye Noun freshwater fish native to North American rivers.
water bug Noun insect that lives near a body of water.
water hyacinth Noun aquatic plant native to South America.
water lily Noun flowering plant that lives in bodies of fresh water.
watershed Noun entire river system or an area drained by a river and its tributaries.
Encyclopedic Entry: watershed weather Verb to change as a result of exposure to wind, rain, or other atmospheric conditions.
wildlife Noun organisms living in a natural environment.
William Wordsworth Noun (1770-1850) English poet.
wind Noun movement of air (from a high pressure zone to a low pressure zone) caused by the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun.
worm Noun animal with a long, limbless body.
zebra mussel Noun aquatic animal (mollusk) native to Europe.
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Active By Nature
51 Worcester Road, Hubbardston, MA 01452
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ABNI specializes in high-quality trips that seek to enhance the body, mind, and spirit of it's participants. Offering personal growth experiences through physical activity, hands on learning, and being immersed in nature, all which fosters the human spirit.
Of Note:
- Amenities: Accessible Facilities
Salem is Oh-So-Sweet in February
Winter is about to get a whole lot sweeter in Salem. For the past decade,...
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Potential new role for red grape seeds in treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Mount Sinai researchers have discovered that polyphenolics derived from red grape seeds may be useful agents to prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The new study entitled, "Grape derived polyphenolics prevent A oligomerization and attenuate cognitive deterioration in a mouse model of Alzhei...Radiation seeds effectively cure prostate cancer in young men
Radiation seed implants (brachytherapy) are just as effective at curing prostate cancer in younger men (aged 60 and younger) as they are in older men, according to a study presented at a scientific session on October 31, 2007, at the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncologys 49th An...Researchers study potential health benefits of natural chemicals in muscadine grape seeds
WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. Could some of the natural chemicals found in plants be powerful enough to improve cardiovascular health" Researchers at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center are conducting the first-ever clinical study to evaluate the potential cardiovascular health effects of Natures...Caffeinated Sunflower Seeds To Hit The Market
A food company from South Dakota is now infusing roasted sunflower seeds with caffeine and other boosters commonly found in energy drinks , to provide players and other people the extra energy needed to help them stay awake. The product, which has been under development since an year, are gr...Caffeinated Sunflower Seeds To Hit The Market
A food company from South Dakota is now infusing roasted sunflower seeds with caffeine and other boosters commonly found in energy drinks//, to provide players and other people the extra energy needed to help them stay awake. The product, which has been under development since an year, are gr...Caution: Apricot Seeds May Be Poisonous
The Government's food watchdog warned the public about the poisonous nature of the apricot seeds. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) said that the seeds// if consumed in larger quantities could be fatal. It is said that they can produce cyanide and result in death. A maximum of two bitter apric...Radioactive Seeds used in Prostate Cancer treatment can migrate with the body
In a shocking disclosure, Dr. Murali Ankem, a resident in Urology at the Robert Wood Johnnson Medical Centre of the University of New Jersey Medical and Dental School, New Brunswick, has said that radiactive seeds used in prostate cancer treatment can migrate to other parts of the body including th...Scientists Develop Antibodies from Plant Seeds
Researchers from Ghent University of Belgium, on Tuesday claimed that they have successfully produced antibodies using plant seeds. // According to the reports, the Belgium scientists have used seeds of a plant called thale cress (also called mouse-ear cress) to produce antibodies against the H...New Breastfeeding Supplement Designed to Improve Milk Production for Nursing Mothers
...baby. "Many new moms are concerned that they are not producing enough milk." says Lynette, "Nursing Blend contains Fenugreek and Fennel seeds which have been demonstrated to increase milk production." In addition, calming herbs like Anise seed and Chamomile enhance the breastfeeding ex...SNICKERS(R) Brand and David Arquette Make a Big Move to Help Feeding America Bar Hunger
...YAL CANIN(R); Wrigley - ORBIT(R), EXTRA(R), STARBURST(R), DOUBLEMINT(R) and SKITTLES(R); Food - UNCLE BEN'S(R), DOLMIO(R), EBLY(R), MASTERFOODS(R) and seeds OF CHANGE(R); Drinks - KLIX(R) and FLAVIA(R); Symbioscience - WISDOM PANEL(TM) MX, SERAMIS(R), and COCOAPRO(R). For more information, please visit w...Breakfast Anyone? Lifestyle Foods Launches Two Energizing Snacks Containing Under 200 Calories
...00 calories per snack. The Awake snack combines crisp apple slices, red seedless grapes, an all-natural granola bar and a healthy trail mix with nuts, seeds and dried fruit in one convenient package. The Essential snack offers a filling combo of a mini honey wheat bagel, lite cream cheese, whole hard boile...Spa Chefs Prepare You for a Healthy Summer
..." said Executive Chef Thierry Debailleul. Willow Stream the Spa at The Fairmont Scottsdale , Scottsdale, AZ - "We seek farmers who know their seeds and soil, ranchers who care about their livestock and seafood purveyors concerned about the health of the sea. We've partnered with local farmers to ...Studies Indicate Good Nutrition Linked to Eye Health
...tioxidants one could help promote eye health. There are numerous food sources for antioxidants, including citrus fruits for Vitamin C, nuts and seeds for Vitamin E, and carrots and sweet potatoes for beta-carotene. Foods high in lutein and zeaxanthin have yellow or green pigments, such as dark-gree...Painkillers May Be Good for the Prostate
... recommend: Prostatectomy, surgery to remove all or part of the prostate gland Radiation, either via an external beam or implanted radioactive seeds Watchful waiting, the term used to describe deferring treatment until there are signs that the cancer is progressing And, as treatment and dete...First Eco Shoppe Opening in Austin on May 21
...lso make most of their signs on specially made "seeded paper." This seeded paper goes through a special manufacturing process where actual wildflower seeds are embedded into the paper. This special paper is 100% post-consumer recycled paper. The soy based ink printing is done in-store with an eco-friendly...Brassica Protection Products LLC Safety Statement
...BroccoSprouts. The sprouts are grown under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and the Hazardous Analysis Critical Point Program (HACCP). BroccoSprouts seeds are sanitized before entering the growing process. Then every batch of sprouts is tested for E. coli 0157 and Salmonella before being shipped to the m...Mars Snackfood Urges U.S. Congress to Update National School Nutrition Standards
...R), and reduced sodium levels across product lines. Mars has also begun offering certified organic food and snack choices under our certified organic seeds OF CHANGE(R) product line. As a science-based company, Mars continues to invest in research and development that can help make more healthy options. ...Meningitis Angels to Support First Annual World Meningitis Day
...and state resolution ceremonies and more. Flower seed packets of Forget Me Nots will be distributed all over the world with a message of "Planting the seeds of awareness and prevention of meningitis." Frankie Milley, founder and director of Meningitis Angels, who also serves as CoMO's global advocacy ...Keep Your Colon Healthy With Exercise, Healthy Foods
...pt under control. In the past people have been advised to avoid eating seeds and nuts because they could get stuck in diverticuli and cause diverticulitis. But studies have shown this not to be true. Eating seeds and nuts is considered safe in people with diverticulosis. People who ...Open Your Eyes to Healthy Eating Habits
...apaya, green peppers and tomatoes Vitamin E: Vegetable oils, such as safflower or corn oil, almonds, pecans, sweet potatoes, and sunflower seeds Zinc: Extra-lean red meat, poultry, liver, shellfish, milk, baked beans, and whole grains "Nutrition is a component of ...Deaf Children Can Create Own Sign Language
...d their own sign language in order to communicate with each other. The homesign systems the children brought with them to the school "served as the seeds for the new sign language that developed as they began interacting with each other regularly," Coppola said. Her research was presented in Chicago ...The Sudden Cardiac Arrest Association Shoots Straight for the Heart
...h counteracts the benefits. Enjoy that morsel of dark chocolate with a glass or red wine which is also high in antioxidants from the grape seeds and skin, which increases the "good" HDL cholesterol and helps prevent blood clotting and plaque formation in arteries. But again, moderation is the ...MIT: Fighting malaria by changing the environment
...elatively permanent impact. "Once a breeding site is gone, it's gone" Bomblies said. Other methods the team has studied include spreading ground up seeds from the neem tree, which grows locally, in the ponds, which can reduce the mosquito population by about 50 percent. "For the first time, we have a...American Heart Association Clarifies the Role Omega-6 Fatty Acids
...RNewswire-USNewswire/ -- A new American Heart Association science advisory concludes that omega-6 fatty acids - found in some vegetable oils, nuts and seeds - are a beneficial part of a heart-healthy eating plan. The advisory will be published in the January 26th online issue of Circulation: Journal of t...Omega-6 Fatty Acids Can Be Good for You
... discussion about the omega-6 fatty acids found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds possibly being bad for your heart is unfounded, a new science advisory from...all healthy diet." If asked, Eckel points out that vegetable oils, nuts and seeds are good sources of omega-6 fatty acids. "There has been a lot of talk a...Engineered virus targets and kills apparent cancer stem cells in neuroblastoma
...proach for targeted treatment is biological therapy, such as an engineered oncolytic virus that seeks out and kills progenitor cells that could be the seeds of cancers." Neuroblastoma's solid tumors usually attack the sympathetic nervous system, part of the body's autopilot mechanism that controls vital...Rhode Island Hospital first in US to treat kidney tumor with new device using electrical pulses
...eating malignancy in North America. Other newer techniques such as combination therapies of ablation and external beam radiation or internal radiation seeds have been pioneered by Dupuy at Rhode Island Hospital. He is now leading National Cancer Institute-funded trials in the use of ablation for the treatm...Vision problems prompt older drivers to put down the keys
...gnition and the general health status of more than 1,200 licensed drivers aged 67-87 in Salisbury, MD, a community with limited public transportation. seeds is unique, in that the researchers performed comprehensive tests of both vision and cognitive function. The results, recently published in the peer...Grape Seed Extract Kills Leukemia Cells in Lab
...earchers say WEDNESDAY, Dec. 31 (HealthDay News) -- More than three-quarters of laboratory leukemia cells exposed to an extract from grape seeds died within 24 hours, effectively killing themselves while leaving other cells unharmed, a new study shows. University of Kentucky researchers say ...What are protective effects of anti-ricin A-chain aptamer?
...t toxins. Ricin poisoning can cause severe tissue damage and inflammation and can result in death. Most accidental exposures occur by ingestion of the seeds of castor beans whereby the toxin is released after the seed coat is damaged. The ingested toxin causes severe gastrointestinal damage with symptoms a...RCOG.com and ProstRcision.com Increase Online Presence for Cancer Information
...ue. Treatment Method: 10-year Overall Cure Rate ProstRcision: 83% Radical Prostatectomy (includes da Vinci): 76-80% External beam first and seeds second: 65% HDR: 60% est Seed implant alone: 30% est Proton Beam: 30% est HIFU: 30% est IMRT (7,800 - 8,600 cGy): 25% est Cyberknife: Unp...WFP Calls for Rescue Package for the World's Hungry
...uisition of food stocks for emergencies. Funds are also needed to boost the agricultural production of small-holder farmers who have seen the price of seeds and fertilizers more than double since 2006. "World leaders need to be confronted with the values implicit in the policy choices they are mak...Give Your Heart a Holiday: Eating Almonds Helps Support Healthy Fat Levels
... "Manipulation of lipid bioaccessibility of almond seeds influences postprandial lipemia in healthy human s...lease of protein, lipid, and vitamin E from almond seeds during digestion. J Agric Food Chem 2008 May 14;.... Manipulation of lipid bioaccessibility of almond seeds influences postprandial lipemia in healthy human s...


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Electrocomponents Photos
Electrocomponents Reviews
"Fantastic company to work for! "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Electrocomponents full-time (more than 3 years)
Pros* Excellent employee benefits - private medical insurance just an example, one of the very best!
*Fantastic co-workers and great management, no time-wasters!
* You get rewarded for your hard work, and feel appreciated.
* Career progression is encouraged and support to move to the next level is immense.Cons* employees may take advantage of the company friendly approach.
* being a distributor company, warehouse environment may not be the most cut-throat environments about.
* each department is highly competitive thereby making internal moves rather more difficult.Advice to ManagementAdviceI've felt the presence of strong management but the only thing I would want to stress more is to keep the logistics arena as updated as the e-commerce front.
RecommendsPositive OutlookApproves of CEO -
Electrocomponents Awards & Accolades
Additional Info
Unlock ProfileCatalogs from Electrocomponents are like wish books for engineers -- especially electronic design and maintenance engineers. The company's group of RS Components subsidiaries (including Allied Electronics, its North American arm) sells some 500,000 electronic, electrical, mechanical, protective clothing and more from more than 2,500 major suppliers. Through its well-known "RS Components" and "Radiospares" catalogs and CD-ROMs, dozens of Web sites, and trade counters (which offer free technical help), Electrocomponents reaches about 1.5 million engineers and other customers... More


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PETALUMA, Calif.(AP) - Police have arrested 11 people from the San Francisco Bay area in a prostitution sting targeting those who post sex for sale ads on Craigslist and Lovings.com.
Police nabbed the suspects by contacting them through the ads selling sex and arranging to meet them in Petaluma on Thursday.
The suspects were arrested when they met the undercover officers
and offered sex for money.
Police said they undertook the sting to discourage people from using Petaluma hotels and motels for illegal trysts and plan more such operations.
Information from: The Press Democrat, http://www.pressdemo.com
(Copyright 2008 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Methodist Hospitals' employees from both campuses, Gary and Merrillville, teamed up in the spirit of the holiday season to hold a holiday food drive and provide gifts to children in need. Perishable food items were donated to the Food Bank of Northwest Indiana.
Employees once again partnered with The Salvation Army to donate Angel Tree gifts. This program distributes donated gifts to needy families with children who would otherwise not receive presents on Christmas morning.
Hospital staff members received an Angel Tree tag and donated gifts for a child by gender and age, then the gifts were collected and given out by The Salvation Army in Gary.
Courtesy of NWI Times.
Get Driving Directions


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Newport Beach Comedy At the Arches at STAGEStheatre
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for At the Arches was Sunday September 20, 2009 / 4:00pm.
Currently at STAGEStheatre
U.S. Bureaucrat's Last Stand in Dark Political Comedy The North Plan
- Full Price:
- $20.00
- Our Price:
- $8.00 - $10.00
How did Carlton Berg, a bureaucrat for the State Department, end up in a police station in the Oz … More
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Featured review from Susan S
view more less of this reviewFor a local playwrite I found this production entertaining. It was funny at times and I enjoyed the local references. It was approximately an hour or so which was the perfect time for this production. Any longer and it would have lost me.
star this review starred report as inappropriateA good idea for a story that was only mildly funny at times. It was filled with filthy speech though, evidently for cheap laughs. There is no such thing as "Adult Language". It's just a euphemism for obscene speech.
star this review starred report as inappropriateThis was our first time attending this quaint, little theater in Fullerton. Great little venue.
STAGEStheatre presents At the Arches, written and directed by Terry McNicol. STAGES has a well-known penchant to produce original works by local playwrights. McNicol, a long-time contributor at STAGEStheatre, returns with a new piece set at Newport Pier that regales the reunion of three friends who declare that the worst day fishing is better than the best day working.
A peaceful reunion at a favorite fishing spot turns into "The Fishermen vs. The Elks"— Elks Club, that is. Several STAGES regulars grace the stage along with a few new faces. Don't miss the hilarious array of Newport Beach characters who live their lives At the Arches.


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129 posts found | |
Originally posted by svandy I'm still having a blast and I do understand where you are coming from. It is true the game needs more things to do, I would say more fluff, housing would be nice aswell, even guildhalls, music system like LOTRO would also be nice. Things that's not revolving around killing things, more goals to achive. If it's not broken, you are not innovating. |
Originally posted by halflife25 Trying to play the game on a system that is suppose to play the game but can't and gettn a refund = Good Playing the game for days, gettin bored, and getting a refund = Bad People who get refunds for getting bored is abusing the system and it makes them a massive d-bag. "You are all going to poop yourselves." BillMurphy |
It's plain and simple GW2= boring as hell once the novelty wears off, it's a game for slow starters. Great Graphics and brilliant cities but that's it i'm afraid, it lacks the MMO elements to keep me entertained and wanting to log in. |
Originally posted by Buttski I thought that too. But the vast majority of the content is centered around PvE. PvP community is growing restless... |
Originally posted by GwapoJosh Aye, I remember that guy who posted here after playing 100+ hours and having a level 80 char that he was going to ask a refund. And yes, it's very sad if ANet gives such a person a refund, I think American law is flawed on that point. Try that in Europe, and you will be laughted at. But in the US of A, the land where you can trial a company because you were too stupid to wait that your coffee cools before taking a mouthful of it and burning yourself, everything is possible... |
Originally posted by bigsmiff It's not the worst crafting I've experienced in a themepark MMO. The discovery portion is pretty straightforward. You didn't like that either? You find the quests redundant. What kind of questing do you enjoy? Which MMO was that? I'm coming to the same realization. I like exploration but I can hit up single player games (Skyrim, Amalur) to enjoy that to a greater degree. Since this is an MMO, what's left that I truly like? I need to think about that further. |
Originally posted by GwapoJosh I have to agree with that (but more politely). Heck, most games I buy for $60 lasts me 2 weeks, if I would have tired of GW2 by now I would still be rather happy. 3 days or so, I can understand since the game still doesnt have a free trial but if you arent sure if a game is worth $60 or not after playing for a week you dont deserve any money back, and that goes for all games. |
Originally posted by Loke666 This is my first time drinking in about a year.. It's a little easier to be not polite about things that upset me a little lol. I'm gonna play some Darkfall now to let off a little steam *grin* Edit: That's one thing I like about your posts... Always able to keep your cool when dealing with anonymous asshats of the internet:) "You are all going to poop yourselves." BillMurphy |
Originally posted by khameleon FFA PvP is not what makes a PvP game. That just makes it a FFA PvP game. Would you say games like WAR, DAOC, etc are not PvP games just because they have factions instead of kill everyone, and you cant loot them? You talk about FFA PvP games being "real" PvP, yet whens the last time you saw a game with FFA PvP played in competetive / e-sport setting? Never, thats when. PvE is just as optional as PvP, so you cant say its a PvE game either. As someone else said, its both. Theyre one of few games that actually offers a pretty balanced focus on both types of gameplay and the ability to progress playing it either way rather than completely on 1 side while ignoring the other. Originally posted by nsignific Something being an MMO in no way correlates to time played. If you enjoy a game immensely, then yes you might find yourself playing it for years. But no game actually offers years worth of unique content that you can play through without havig already done it. It comes down to personal preferences and wether or not you enjoy doing that same content over and over again for years. Some people will play a game for years, others will play it for a few weeks / months. Which one of them makes it an MMO or not? See how ridiculous it is? |
Hard Core Member
Joined: 1/03/12 "I shall take your position into consideration" |
Originally posted by GwapoJosh I hope Anet's PR department is taking notes. They should really abandon their strategy and listen to what average Joe has to say Currently playing: L2 Chronicle 4 |
Novice Member
Joined: 10/09/11 To busy playing GW2 to post much around here... *shrug* |
Originally posted by Yakamomoto Same reason they give full refunds I guess? Or maybe not... |
Originally posted by halflife25 still curious as to why you actually think I care or not if people like this game ort not.. what i don't like is trolling which has be rampant on these boards(not talking about OPs post).. and as for the topic on hand I do think is obsurb any company would give a refund for a game people played for hours and just got bored.. if that was the case I would of gotten a refund for swtor, tera, lotro, AoC, and a couple others but I didn't I stil get more hours out of any of those games than many srpg game provide.. still very surprised anet is generous enough to refund these people. I angered the clerk in a clothing shop today. She asked me what size I was and I said actual, because I am not to scale. I like vending machines 'cause snacks are better when they fall. If I buy a candy bar at a store, oftentimes, I will drop it... so that it achieves its maximum flavor potential. --Mitch Hedberg |
Originally posted by Aerowyn But Aero, didnt you know. Arenanet is greed incarnate and is attempting to exploit everyone for their hard earned money because they have a cash shop.... |
Originally posted by JoeyMMO I usually don't post such stuff, but... owned =P |
I'm still enjoying GW2, my first toon was a mesmer and now I'm spending more time with my necromancer and it's a very fun class (reminds me of dark/dark corruptor or brute in City of Heroes), there are many parts of the world I haven't been to yet and I'm at ~70% completion I think.
Yes, but the pvp side is a god awful mess with all those instagib thieves and bunker guardians and elementalists, I haven't bothered with a sPVP/tPVP queue in a few weeks now. WvW is still fun but stops being fun when the players on the losing server transfers over to the winning one, they need to stop the free transfers now. |
Originally posted by TeknoBug elementalists? you must really not of played sPVP in awhile heh.. thieves are not hard to counter at all all now and bunker guardians are well bunker guardians they serve their purpose.. been doing sPVP a lot recently and it's by far the most balanced sPVP type gameplay I ever played played this close to the launch of a game like this. I angered the clerk in a clothing shop today. She asked me what size I was and I said actual, because I am not to scale. I like vending machines 'cause snacks are better when they fall. If I buy a candy bar at a store, oftentimes, I will drop it... so that it achieves its maximum flavor potential. --Mitch Hedberg |
Originally posted by Aerowyn You could have fooled me if you were not white knighting for GW2 in every single thread. If it bothers you hit the report button. By making personal attacks you are only making situation even worse. Also, it is ANET who is giving refnds to people as long as you buy the game from official website. So don't blame just the players. if Anet wants they can remove refund option. |
Originally posted by halflife25 so because you don't agree with what I have to say and you agree with people certain people trolling the game I'm white knighting.. it's a nice double standard on these forums though.. but just find it funny the one in question said they feel ANET is trying to mislead or trick people in some way by not offering a trial or anything yet they offer full refunds.. and.. yea... I angered the clerk in a clothing shop today. She asked me what size I was and I said actual, because I am not to scale. I like vending machines 'cause snacks are better when they fall. If I buy a candy bar at a store, oftentimes, I will drop it... so that it achieves its maximum flavor potential. --Mitch Hedberg |
Originally posted by Aerowyn I don't agree with personal attacks because i have suffered the brunt from day to day basis and i am getting a little annoyed. It is quite possible to give your opinion without personal attacks. Could you show me where i said i agree with OP? how ever i do diagree with internet bullying and pack mentality that goes around here the moment someone dares to crticise GW2. And it is always the same 4 or 5 names who jump on OP like a pack of hungry wolves. |
Advanced Member
Joined: 10/05/03 Gaming should be about fun, not gender equality. |
Originally posted by Buttski It is? I found the PvE far more fun than the PvP and I am more into PvP when it comes to MMORPGs. |


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Environmental Issues > Health Main Page > All Health Documents
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EOS Bodies - For Stills / Re: Canon 5D III and Zeiss lenses: focusing screen?
« on: January 30, 2015, 05:02:49 PM »I just like to have only the eyes in focus in the face, so subject-background-seperation will not help here. From Zeiss I only own the 135 f/2, and I wish to get it tag sharp at least 90% of the time at f/2 without zooming the live view on the camera.You can easily calculate the distance to the subject by using
D = F * H / h where F = focal length (in your case 135mm), H = subject height or width ( I'll guess 450 mm width) and h = sensor height or width (if you're in portrait orientation it would be 24 mm width. From this, I get your subject distance is going to be about 2500 mm.
Now go to www.dofmaster.com and do your own calculations. I got that the total DoF will be 3.9 cm split nearly equally between front and back. That assumes the circle of confusion is 0.03 mm. If you want the image to be a fair reflection of your lens' capabilities, you can set the CoC at 0.015 mm and you'll find the total depth of field is 1,9 cm. That's 1 cm in front and 1 cm behind. If you're human, you will sway by several mm (as will your model - even if he / she is trying to stand absolutely still.
The result is that even if your focus is perfect, you might only get 50% of your images sharp but you should get about 25% sharp. This is why it's far smarter to stop down the lens a little and make sure you nail every image.
It's easy to test this - focus on something that's difficult to see then shoot off several images. You can even use this to estimate how much you sway which should inform how fast an aperture you should be using.


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LIFE PARTNERS TFF 2014 Narrative Feature Release Year: 2014 Runtime: 93 minutes Directed By: Susanna Fogel Country: USA Nearing 30, Sasha and Paige realize their codependent friendship is preventing either of them from settling down. When Paige meets the dorky yet lovable Tim, Sasha fears she is being replaced. Leighton Meester, Gillian Jacobs, Gabourey Sidibe, and Adam Brody star in a comedy revolving around two friends and the guy that strikes discord in their harmoniously laid-back resistance to growing up. Life Partners affectionately tackles the intimacy and complexity of female friendship. | Read More Female Director(s), Comedy, Romantic Comedy, NY Director(s), Female Screenwriter(s), First Time Filmmaker, Friendship
LIFE IN FLIGHT TFF 2008 Narrative Feature Release Year: 2008 Runtime: 78 minutes Country: USA Patrick Wilson (Little Children) and Amy Smart (Just Friends) star in first-timer Hecht's drama of a New York architect who begins to question the perfect life he has built for his family. | Read More Drama
LIFE IN TRANSITION TFF 2006 Narrative Short Release Year: 2005 Runtime: 4 minutes Directed By: Ben Thompson and John Dilworth Country: USA This visual and symbolic journey depicts life's sacred transformations, from birth to death to re-birth. Brought to you by John Dilworth, creator of the Cartoon Network series Courage the Cowardly Dog. | Read More Animation
LIFE OF KEVIN CARTER TFF 2005 Documentary Short Release Year: 2004 Runtime: 27 minutes Directed By: Dan Krauss Country: USA A South African photojournalist commits a terrible act of desperation only weeks after receiving the Pulitzer Prize for his picture of a starving girl stalked by a vulture. | Read More Documentary
LIFE ON THE LEDGE TFF 2005 Narrative Feature Release Year: 2005 Runtime: 89 minutes Country: USA This darkly hilarious tale of a man who wants to die until he finds out he is dying recalls Woody Allen's heyday of neurotic comedy, when reality was simply a jumping-off point for absurd punch-lines. Featuring Tovah Feldshuh, Melissa Sagemiller, and Daphne Rubin-Vega. | Read More
LIGHT PLATE TFF 2013 Documentary Short Release Year: 2012 Runtime: 10 minutes Directed By: Josh Gibson Country: USA and Italy This whimsical black-and-white film essay explores the Tuscan landscape and the relationship between tradition, modernity and food. Through shimmering, hand-processed, window-framed ruminations, time passes in licks of light, while a storm gathers and a woman makes pasta by hand. | Read More Documentary
LIKE WATER TFF 2011 Documentary Feature Release Year: 2011 Runtime: 74 minutes Directed By: Pablo Croce Country: USA In the most brutal and often most misunderstood sport in the world, becoming a champion takes more than just blood, sweat, and tears. Like Water follows middleweight Ultimate Fighter Anderson Silva as he prepares to crown his four-year unbeaten streak as king of the sport with a record 12th straight win in the UFC. With intimate access to Silva and his intense training, the surprising and inspiring man behind one of the greatest mixed martial artists of all time emerges. | Read More Sports and Documentary
LIKE A BLADE OF GRASS IN THE MEADOW TFF unknown Narrative Short Release Year: 2005 Runtime: 18 minutes Directed By: Ishai Setton and Attilio Azzola Country: Italy Benedetta is a 14-year-old school girl, and like many girls her age, she is prone to day dreams. In Benedetta's case she sits around and dreams of Prince Charming. Instead of facing life and meeting real boys, she prefers to make up a perfect world existing only in her room. Then one day Beniamino, a schoolmate of hers, starts attracting her attention. Thus begins a love story as simple and troubled as love is between teenagers. | Read More
LIKENESS TFF 2013 Narrative Short Release Year: 2013 Runtime: 8 minutes Directed By: Rodrigo Prieto Country: USA A young girl battles with her body image. Her discontent leads to the world of eating disorders, where worth rises as weight falls. | Read More Drama
LIL BUB & FRIENDZ TFF 2013 Documentary Feature Release Year: 2013 Runtime: 65 minutes Directed By: Juliette Eisner and Andy Capper Country: USA Called "the most famous cat on the Internet," the wide-eyed perma-kitten Lil Bub is the adorable embodiment of the Web's fascination with all things cats. Join Lil Bub and her owner on a wild cross-country romp as they meet the Internet's most famous cat-lebrities. Chock full of adorable kitties, hilarious videos and the dedicated cat enthusiasts who love them, Lil Bub & Friendz is a fun and hip peek behind the memes we know and love. | Read More Female Director(s) and Documentary


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Anyone Corporation
Anyone Corporation
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Call for submissions: Log 34
Guest edited by AtelierSlice, Savinien Caracostea and Jan Åman
Between the increasingly generic urban environment and fickle new virtual platforms there is another infrastructure that connects us to our surroundings, to nature and the city: food. Log 34 investigates this infrastructure in constant motion: from the farmer's market to the global marketplace, where food is both knowledge and nourishment – life itself.
Submission deadline: February 15, 2015
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Support the Anyone project
Please consider making a tax-deductible donation to support the Anyone program of conferences, magazines, and books that expands architectural thinking today. Celebrate our upcoming 25th anniversary with a donation in multiples of 25. From $25 to $2500, every amount helps continue this critical project.
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32 (Sold Out)
32 presents a thoughtful snapshot of the current moment in architecture with contributions from preeminent and emerging voices. A record 39 contributors to this Fall 2014 issue deliver a stimulating mix of writing styles and content, from new theories on architecture and the urban to dispatches from recent exhibitions and pavilions to interviews with new leaders in architectural pedagogy.
32 also includes 55 pages devoted to the 2014 Venice Architecture Biennale – an open-ended, manifold response to that much publicized exhibition set here among a full slate of other articles that insists on the innumerous modes of thinking architecture today.
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In Pursuit of Architecture Videos
To mark its 10th anniversary and 29th issue, Log presented "In Pursuit of Architecture," a conference at MoMA on September 21, 2013 that featured recent built work selected from an open, international call for submissions.
Join the discussion. Click through to watch videos of the presentations by the 10 architects and see them all join in roundtable discussions on the state of architecture with four critics. And be sure to purchase your copy of Log 29.
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A Question of Qualities
Jeffrey Kipnis's writing, thinking, and teaching casts architecture as both an intellectual discourse and a lived, affective experience. His essays on contemporary architects are less about making critical judgments than about explication, exegesis, and provocation. In these eleven essays, written between 1990 and 2008, he considers projects, concepts, and buildings by some of the most recognized architects working today, with special attention to the productions of affect. He explores intuition in the work of Morphosis, exhilaration in Coop Himmelb(l)au, freedom in the work of Rem Koolhaas and OMA, magic in Steven Holls buildings, and anxiety in Rafael Moneos writing about contemporary architecture.
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Homework Help
Librarian Assistance
The children's reference desk is staffed Monday through Thursday from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm Friday from 9:00 am to 5:30 pm; and Sunday from 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm. You may contact the children's reference desk by calling 405-372-3633 ext.8108 or through email at email@example.com.
Children's Computers
There are two computers in the Children's Department that contain educational and entertaining games and stories. These computers are not connected to the Internet and do not require parental permission or library cards in order for a child to use them. They are available on a first come, first served basis.
There are also two Internet computers specifically for children. These computers are more highly filtered than other Internet computers in the library. Email, chat and social networking sites cannot be accessed on the children's Internet computers. A library card and parental permission is required to access all Internet computers.
The children's internet computers are loaded with Microsoft Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Access and Frontpage for school projects.
Suggested Websites
- IPL2 (http://www.ipl.org/div/kidspace) Extensive listing of child friendly homework and education sites based on subject.
- USA Kids (http://kids.usa.gov) Links to kid friendly educational government websites, divided by subject.
- Great Websites for Kids (http://gws.ala.org) American Library Association's suggestions for helpful children's websites.
Databases for Children
Encyclopedia Britannica | Interactive, multi-media learning material with one site for elementary students and one for middle school. | In Library | Remote | First five digits of your library card number |
Searchasaurus | Full-text articles from magazines and other material for children in grades 1-3. | In Library | Remote | Library card number |
Testing & Education Reference Center ENDING SOON! This service expire Feb. 1, 2015 and will not be renewed. If you have comments about this service, please email email@example.com. |
Online practice tests, books and courses to prepare for standardized tests, including ACT, SAT & GED. Use with Mozilla Firefox. | In Library | Remote | Library card number |


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Reese Witherspoon Holiday Shopping in LA | Pictures
Reese Witherspoon Gets Into the Holiday Spirit With Jim and Deacon
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Reese Witherspoon Gets Into the Holiday Spirit With Jim and Deacon
Reese Witherspoon added a pop of color to her all-black ensemble, wearing purple pumps for a shopping trip in LA on Friday. She had a smile on her face as she headed into Sports Chalet and later picked up lunch to go. Reese also spent time with her boys, Deacon Phillippe and Jim Toth, during a lunch date at the Jonathan Beach Club yesterday. She has been prepping for a special holiday season that will be her newborn son Tennessee Toth's first. Last week, Reese got a festive manicure and even decorated her car with reindeer antlers and a red nose. She is not the only new mom excited to wrap up the year — check out all of the celebrity babies born in 2012.
Celebrity Couples
Celebrity Babies
Reese Witherspoon
Link Love
- Eli Manning's wife, Abby, gives birth to a baby girl — Us Weekly
- Kim Kardashian has really mastered one kind of selfie — HuffPost Celebrity
- Who is Rachel McAdams's mystery dinner date? — Lainey Gossip
- Iggy Azalea backtracks after a social media rant — Dlisted
- Rihanna strips down for a sexy spread — ET
- Why Reese Witherspoon dressed up as a guy — JustJared
- Hilary Duff is one hot mom — Hollywood Tuna
- Eddie Murphy shares exciting SNL news — Pink Is the New Blog
- Why Suge Knight is under arrest — The Superficial
Latest Celebrity


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Guide Gear® Chamois Shirt
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Guide Gear Chamois Shirt is rated out of 5 by 5.Rated 1 out of 5 by LARK D from Bought this shirt back in August, finally wearing the shirt in January on a trip to L.V. The shirt in one day was pilling and the hem was loosing its stitching. The shirt is NOT the quality that you would want.Date published: 2014-01-21Rated 5 out of 5 by RICHARD G from Shipping was fast, and package arived in good shape. Product was as advertized, and fit was good also.Date published: 2013-09-08Rated 5 out of 5 by JOE from it is a very nice shirtDate published: 2013-09-06Rated 5 out of 5 by DONNA from The fabric is so soft and comfortable. The shirt feels very good and is just what I wanted.Date published: 2013-09-04Rated 2 out of 5 by DARRYL from So sorry to say this--but I was very dissapointed in the quality of the fannel shirts I ordered. I will not bother to do a return as I also had a coupon with the order. Very thin-I would not call them "Medium Weight"!Date published: 2013-09-04
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Runner's World Magazine
2015 Spring Shoe Guide VideosWe put the newest models to the test in the lab and on the roads. |
Stroller Warriors Unites Military Mother RunnersMilitary wives find fitness and friendship behind their wheels. |
6 Gym Bags for RunnersGreat-looking bags to stash your stuff for a workout—or the week. |
Canned Tuna Recipes for RunnersChoose the best canned tuna for weight-loss-friendly meals, says RW contributing chef Pam Anderson. |
Runner-Friendly Chocolate RecipesNutritional information for the March Runner's Pantry. |
Race More to Become a Better RunnerHow frequent racing can make you a better competitor. |
6 Fun Running TightsThese printed tights will add flair to your lower half while keeping you warm. |
My Sister, the Runner?A tale of screaming kids, frayed family ties, hard labor, and one unusual 5K. What could go wrong? |
Are butter, beef, and bacon good for runners?New research suggests they might not be so bad after all. What's their place in a healthy runner's diet? |
The Teacher: Liz FerroAfter struggling as a child herself, Liz Ferro is trying to help out young women through her running program. |
Rising Star: Emma CoburnThe steeplechase wonder took firm hold of the American record in 2014. |
The Master: Bernard LagatHe continues to take down younger racers by adapting his strategy. |
The Pioneer: Diane CharlesShe broke boundaries in the mile when women's running was barely established. |
The Visionary: Henry WanyoikeTwo friends in Kenya are working to change Kenyans' attitudes toward the disabled. |
Lifetime Achievement: Jack DanielsThe legendary running coach has brought success to elite and college runners for decades. |
How to Return to RunningComing back after a layoff? Science shows it's easier than you may think to start again. |
4 Common Race Mistakes to Avoid in 2015Vow to overcome the problems that marred your performances last year. |
12 Habits of Highly Motivated RunnersEveryday tips for a fitter, healthier, and happier 2015. |
Seven Marathons in Seven DaysBecause what else would you do between Christmas and New Year's? |


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Welcome, Sign In
Oprah, David Letterman Talk About So Many Things
Description:Oprah. Letterman. Again. The two titans of television, who used to feud but are now buddies, hung out on the "Late Show" Thursday night and talked. Oh, they talked, and talked, and talked! (2:06)
Source: HuffPost Live Highlights
Tags: David Letterman , entertainment news , oprah , oprah late show


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It is almost time for Thanksgiving, so here is some info about what is happening on campus!
What's Closed?
All campus offices close Wednesday, Nov. 26 at noon and reopen Monday, Dec.1 at 8:30 a.m.
The post office …
It's that time of year again, when parents of new students begin to think about the transition to college. Al Friedman, parent of Sam 06F and Rachel F09, compiled lots of advice from his and his kids' experiences and from other families who've contributed to this discussion before. This week, comments on housing/move-in are posted below. Additional information from the College is italicized.
Looking for more information? Ask other parents a question in the comments* below. Are you a seasoned pro and have advice for families of new students? Join the conversation and share the tips and tricks you've learned over the years! *Comments may be caught by our spam blocker; if this happens, we will approve the comment the next business day.
Housing/Move-in Advice Read the full story »
It is almost time for Thanksgiving, so here is some info about what is happening on campus!
What's Closed?
All campus offices close Wednesday, Nov. 26 at noon and reopen Monday, Dec.1 at 8:30 a.m.
The post office window is closed these same days, but the mail room will reopen on Sunday, Nov. 30 at 10 a.m. if you need to check your box.
The dining commons serves its last meal Wednesday, Nov. 26 at noon (lunch) and reopens Sunday, Nov. 30 at 5 p.m. for dinner. The Bridge Cafe will serve its last meal Friday, Nov. 21(dinner) and will also reopen on Monday, Dec. 1 for breakfast.
The Hampstore closes Wednesday, Nov. 26 at 3 p.m. and reopens Monday, Dec. 1 at 8 a.m.
The PVTA will not be running on Thanksgiving Day, and service is very limited on Friday, Nov. 28 and Saturday, Nov. 29. Please consult the transit calendar if you are planning to ride the bus.
What's Open?
The houses are open. You can stay on campus over the break, though most people will leave. As always, area staff will be on call in case of any urgent situations, and they can be reached through the switchboard at 413.549.4600.
Campus police are always available, 24/7, 365 days a year. You can reach them at 413.559.5424 for non-urgent calls, or 413.559.5555 (x1911 from on campus) in EMERGENCY situations.
Atkins Farms is in walking distance of campus if you are here, don't have a car, and need to get food. Atkins is open Thanksgiving Day from 7 a.m. to noon.
The groundbreaking for the R. W. Kern Center on November 14 marked the official beginning of Hampshire College's most ambitious building project in decades.
The Center, designed to meet the exacting standards of the Living Building …
Last weekend, family and friends gathered on campus to celebrate the amazing work of students, faculty, and alums as part of Hampshire's annual Family & Friends Weekend.
Thanks to all who attended this year's program and helped to …
Hampshire College will build its new R. W. Kern Center according to the most rigorous environmental design standards in the world. The building will create its own energy, treat its own waste, and meet all …
Sascha Rice 91F, filmmaker, public speaker and teacher, made her mark on the film industry in 2012 with her award-winning documentary, California State of Mind: The Legacy of Pat Brown. In this film, Sascha, granddaughter of …
President Jonathan Lash wrote to the editor of Education Week last week, highlighting the drawbacks of grade-based evaluations and the value of narrative evaluations as teaching tools.
To read the letter, click here.>>
Parents: Interested in what your student is getting in their newsletter? Check out the latest issue of New Student News. This issue includes information about:
*Important dates and deadlines
*The Race Matters Lecture Series
*The Annual Eqbal Ahmad Lecture
*Upcoming …
Tanja Hollander 90F is on a mission to photograph all of her 600 Facebook friends in their homes all over the world as part of her project entitled "Are You Really My Friend?". This project explores …