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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
On the dead water phenomenon
E-Print Network (OSTI)
We give an explicit solution to the phenomenon of internal waves with a still water surface, called dead water, on the basis of the Gerstner wave solution to the Euler equations.
Stuhlmeier, Raphael
'Dead Time' Limits Quantum Cryptography Speeds
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... Not only does dead time limit the transmission rate of a message ... effects and paralyzability in high-speed quantum key distribution, New Journal of ...
Dead Horse Geothermal Project | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Dead Horse Geothermal Project Dead Horse Geothermal Project Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Development Project: Dead Horse Geothermal Project Project Location Information Coordinates 38.896388888889°, -118.37944444444° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.896388888889,"lon":-118.37944444444,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Red herrings and rotten fish
A longstanding problem in biology has been the origin of pervasive quarter-power allometric scaling laws that relate many characteristics of organisms to body mass (M) across the entire spectrum of life from molecules and microbes to ecosystems and mammals. In particular, whole-organism metabolic rate, B=aM^b, where a is a taxon-dependent normalisation constant and b is approximately equal to 3/4 for both animals and plants. Recently Darveau et al. (hereafter referred to as DSAH) proposed a "multiple-causes model" for B as "the sum of multiple contributors to metabolism", B_i, which were assumed to scale as M^(b_i). They obtained for average values of b: 0.78 for the basal rate and 0.86 for the maximally active rate. In this note we show that DSAH contains serious technical, theoretical and conceptual errors, including misrepresentations of published data and of our previous work. We also show that, within experimental error, there is no empirical evidence for an increase in b during aerobic activity as sugge...
West, Geoffrey B; Gillooly, J; Enquist, B J; Woodruff, W H; Brown, J H; West, Geoffrey B.; Savage, Van M.; Gillooly, James; Enquist, Brian J.; Woodruff, William H.; Brown, James H.
Effect of Dead Algae on Soil Permeability
SciTech Connect
Since existing basins support heavy growths of unicellular green algae which may be killed by temperature variation or by inadvertent pH changes in waste and then deposited on the basin floor, information on the effects of dead algae on soil permeability was needed. This study was designed to show the effects of successive algal kills on the permeability of laboratory soil columns.
Harvey, R.S.
The hydrodynamics of dead radio galaxies
We present a numerical investigation of dead, or relic, radio galaxies and the environmental impact that radio galaxy activity has on the host galaxy or galaxy cluster. We perform axisymmetric hydrodynamical calculations of light, supersonic, back-to-back jets propagating in a beta-model galaxy/cluster atmosphere. We then shut down the jet activity and let the resulting structure evolve passively. The dead source undergoes an initial phase of pressure driven expansion until it achieves pressure equilibrium with its surroundings. Thereafter, buoyancy forces drive the evolution and lead to the formation of two oppositely directed plumes that float high into the galaxy/cluster atmosphere. These plumes entrain a significant amount of low entropy material from the galaxy/cluster core and lift it high into the atmosphere. An important result is that a large fraction (at least half) of the energy injected by the jet activity is thermalized in the ISM/ICM core. The whole ISM/ICM atmosphere inflates in order to regain hydrostatic equilibrium. This inflation is mediated by an approximately spherical disturbance which propagates into the atmosphere at the sound speed. The fact that such a large fraction of the injected energy is thermalized suggests that radio galaxies may have an important role in the overall energy budget of rich ISM/ICM atmospheres. In particular, they may act as a strong and highly time-dependent source of negative feedback for galaxy/cluster cooling flows.
C. S. Reynolds; S. Heinz; M. C. Begelman
Altar images : US Day of the Dead as political communication
with assistance from Google.com and Mapquest, it ForDay of the Dead� in the Google.com search engine and nearly
Marchi, Regina M.
Dead-time compensation for a logarithmic display rate meter
DOE Patents (OSTI)
An improved circuit is provided for application to a radiation survey meter that uses a detector that is subject to dead time. The circuit compensates for dead time over a wide range of count rates by producing a dead-time pulse for each detected event, a live-time pulse that spans the interval between dead-time pulses, and circuits that average the value of these pulses over time. The logarithm of each of these values is obtained and the logarithms are subtracted to provide a signal that is proportional to a count rate that is corrected for the effects of dead time. The circuit produces a meter indication and is also capable of producing an audible indication of detected events.
Larson, John A. (Aurora, IL); Krueger, Frederick P. (Aurora, IL)
Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area | Open Energy Information
Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Geothermal Resource Area: Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area Contents 1 Area Overview 2 History and Infrastructure 3 Regulatory and Environmental Issues 4 Exploration History 5 Well Field Description 6 Geology of the Area 7 Geofluid Geochemistry 8 NEPA-Related Analyses (6) 9 Exploration Activities (1) 10 References Area Overview Geothermal Area Profile Location: California Exploration Region: Walker-Lane Transition Zone Geothermal Region GEA Development Phase: 2008 USGS Resource Estimate Mean Reservoir Temp: Estimated Reservoir Volume: Mean Capacity: Click "Edit With Form" above to add content History and Infrastructure Operating Power Plants: 0 No geothermal plants listed.
Dead Zones in LX-17 and PBX 9502
Pin and X-ray corner-turning data have been taken on ambient LX-17 and PBX 9052, and the results are listed in tables as an aid to future modeling. The results have been modeled at 4 zones/mm with a reactive flow approach that varies the burn rate as a function of pressure. A single rate format is used to simulate failure and detonation in different pressure regimes. A pressure cut-off must also be reached to initiate the burn. Corner-turning and failure are modeled using an intermediate pressure rate region, and detonation occurs at high pressure. The TATB booster is also modeled using reactive flow, and X-ray tomography is used to partition the ram-pressed hemisphere into five different density regions. The model reasonably fits the bare corner-turning experiment but predicts a smaller dead zone with steel confinement, in contradiction with experiment. The same model also calculates the confined and unconfined cylinder detonation velocities and predicts the failure of the unconfined cylinder at 3.75 mm radius. The PBX 9502 shows a smaller dead zone than LX-17. An old experiment that showed a large apparent dead zone in Comp B was repeated with X-ray transmission and no dead zone was seen. This confirms the idea that a variable burn rate is the key to modeling. The model also produces initiation delays, which are shorter than those found in time-to-detonation.
Souers, P C; Andreski, H G; Batteux, J; Bratton, B; Cabacungan, C; Cook, III, C F; Fletcher, S; Garza, R; Grimsley, D; Handly, J; Hernandez, A; McMaster, P; Molitoris, J D; Palmer, R; Prindiville, J; Rodriguez, J; Schneberk, D; Wong, B; Vitello, P
High Rise Fire Study Provides Insight Into Deadly Wind-Driven ...
High Rise Fire Study Provides Insight Into Deadly Wind-Driven Fires. From NIST Tech Beat: May 5, 2009. ...
Why sequence microbial communities in expanding dead zones?
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
microbial communities in expanding dead zones? microbial communities in expanding dead zones? Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are widespread oceanographic features expanding due to global warming. There is increasing evidence that ocean warming trends will decrease dissolved oxygen concentrations, causing hypoxic boundary layer expansion that impacts the global carbon cycle, marine nutrient cycles and the climate system. To properly diagnose these transitions, this project launches a systems-level investigation of microbial community responses to OMZ expansion, charting the gene expression patterns of indigenous microbial communities found in coastal and open ocean OMZs in the eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean as part of an ongoing time series program monitoring microbial community responses to changing levels of water column oxygen deficiency.
Physical and chemical characterization of Dead Sea mud
A laboratory analysis was performed to determine the physical and chemical properties of 24 Dead Sea mud samples collected from three different locations on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. Several analytical techniques were used to determine the chemical and mineralogical compositions of those samples including atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. Physical parameters such as specific gravity, Atterberg limits, grain size, specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, pH and electrical conductivity were also studied. The main focus of the work was to document mud characteristics and to study the interrelation between physical and chemical properties. The mud samples were quite rich in minerals. Strontium was the most abundant trace element in the samples (range: 410-810 ppm) followed by barium (range: 155-380 ppm), vanadium (range: 209-264 ppm) and lead (range: 108-114 ppm). There were significant differences in the elemental contents of mud samples collected from different locations.
Khlaifat, Abdelaziz, E-mail: email@example.com [Weatherford Oil Tool Middle East Ltd., P.O. Box 4627, Dubai (United Arab Emirates); Al-Khashman, Omar [Department of Environmental Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, P.O. Box 20 (Jordan); Qutob, Hani [Weatherford Oil Tool Middle East Ltd., P.O. Box 4627, Dubai (United Arab Emirates)
Deadly Carcinogen Unraveled: The Molecular Origami of Fungal Polyketide
Deadly Carcinogen Unraveled: The Molecular Origami Deadly Carcinogen Unraveled: The Molecular Origami of Fungal Polyketide Aflatoxin is an unavoidable food contaminant in grains and nuts produced in developing countries. Chronic ingestion of nuts and grains contaminated with aflatoxin-producing molds such as Aspergillus parasiticus leads to a high rate of liver cancer, and is a large problem in developing countries. Aflatoxins belong to a class of natural products called polyketides, which are biosynthesized in many bacteria and fungi (1,2). Polyketide natural products produced by bacteria and fungi are often characterized by the presence of multiple aromatic rings that are responsible for the activity of polyketides as antibiotic, anticancer, and toxic compounds (2). Polyketide ring formation by fungal PKSs results from regiospecific cyclizations of reactive poly-beta-keto intermediates of specific length that is mediated by the product template (PT) domain (Fig. 1). The mechanism for aromatic ring formation, where a linear intermediate is transformed into a multicyclic product with high fidelity, has remained unclear. To reveal the cyclization mechanism, the Tsai lab at the University of California, Irvine, in collaboration with the Townsend lab at The Johns Hopkins University, solved the structure of the isolated PT domain of PksA to 1.8 Å using data from the SSRL beamline 9.1 and ALS beamline 8.2.2. The work was reported in the Oct 22 issue of Nature.
Abstract�Dead wood is a major component of forests and contributes to overall diversity, primarily by supporting insects that feed directly on or in it. Further, a variety of organisms benefit by feeding on those insects. What is not well known is how or whether dead wood influences the composition of the arthropod community that is not solely dependent on it as a food resource, or whether woody debris influences prey available to generalist predators. One group likely to be affected by dead wood is ground-dwelling arthropods. We studied the effect of adding large dead wood to unburned and frequently burned pine stands to determine if dead wood was used more when the litter and understory plant community are removed. We also studied the effect of annual removal of dead wood from large (10-ha) plots over a 5-year period on ground-dwelling arthropods. In related studies, we examined the relationships among an endangered woodpecker that forages for prey on live trees, its prey, and dead wood in the forest. The results of these and other studies show that dead wood can influence the abundance and diversity of the ground-dwelling arthropod community and of prey available to generalist predators not foraging directly on dead trees.
Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott; Wade, Dale D.
Metagenome of a Versatile Chemolithoautotroph from Expanding Oceanic Dead Zones
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), also known as oceanic"dead zones", are widespread oceanographic features currently expanding due to global warming and coastal eutrophication. Although inhospitable to metazoan life, OMZs support a thriving but cryptic microbiota whose combined metabolic activity is intimately connected to nutrient and trace gas cycling within the global ocean. Here we report time-resolved metagenomic analyses of a ubiquitous and abundant but uncultivated OMZ microbe (SUP05) closely related to chemoautotrophic gill symbionts of deep-sea clams and mussels. The SUP05 metagenome harbors a versatile repertoire of genes mediating autotrophic carbon assimilation, sulfur-oxidation and nitrate respiration responsive to a wide range of water column redox states. Thus, SUP05 plays integral roles in shaping nutrient and energy flow within oxygen-deficient oceanic waters via carbon sequestration, sulfide detoxification and biological nitrogen loss with important implications for marine productivity and atmospheric greenhouse control.
Walsh, David A.; Zaikova, Elena; Howes, Charles L.; Song, Young; Wright, Jody; Tringe, Susannah G.; Tortell, Philippe D.; Hallam, Steven J.
Dead-Time Compensation for PMSM Drive Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Observer
To compensate voltage difference between the reference and the actual output voltages caused by dead-time effects, a novel compensation method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive based on neuro-fuzzy observer is proposed. This method ... Keywords: dead-time, PMSM, ANN, FC
Xianqing Cao; Liping Fan
Design of a step-down DC-DC controller integrated circuit with adaptive dead-time control
A constant-frequency peak current mode synchronous step-down DC-DC controller integrated circuit has been designed with adaptive dead-time control. The adaptive dead-time control circuitry is implemented as digital ...
Li, Zhipeng, M. Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Btu tax is dead, long live the Btu tax
The energy industry is powerful. That is the only explanation for its ability to jettison a cornerstone of the Clinton Administration's proposed deficit reduction package, the Btu tax plan, expected to raise about $71.5 billion over a five-year period. Clinton had proposed a broad-based energy tax of 25.7 cents per million Btus, and a surcharge of 34.2 cents on petroleum products, to be phased in over three years starting July 1, 1994. House Democrats went along, agreeing to impose a tax of 26.8 cents per million Btus, along with the 34.2-cent petroleum surcharge, both effective July 1, 1994. But something happened on the way to the Senate. Their version of the deficit reduction package contains no broad-based energy tax. It does, however, include a 4.3 cents/gallon fuel tax. Clinton had backed down, and House Democrats were left feeling abandoned and angry. What happened has as much to do with politics-particularly the fourth branch of government, lobbyists-as with a President who wants to try to please everyone. It turns out that almost every lawmaker or lobbyist who sought an exemption from the Btu tax, in areas as diverse as farming or ship and jet fuel used in international commercial transportation, managed to get it without giving up much in return. In the end, the Btu tax was so riddled with exemptions that its effectiveness as a revenue-raiser was in doubt. Meanwhile, it turns out that the Btu tax is not dead. According to Budget Director Leon Panetta, the Administration has not given up on the Btu tax and will fight for it when the reconciliation bill goes to a joint House-Senate conference.
Burkhart, L.A.
Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse Wells,
Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse Wells, Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse Wells, Hawthorne Army Depot, Terraced Hills, And Other Areas In Nevada Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse Wells, Hawthorne Army Depot, Terraced Hills, And Other Areas In Nevada Details Activities (7) Areas (7) Regions (0) Abstract: New examples of the use of two-meter temperature (2m) surveys to quickly and inexpensively reveal blind geothermal systems were documented at Dead Horse Wells, the Hawthorne Army Depot, and Emerson Pass, all located in Nevada. In addition, more than 100 new 2m measurements at Astor Pass, Nevada resolved additional details of near-surface thermal outflow in this blind geothermal system. And at Columbus Salt Marsh, Nevada,
2-M Probe At Dead Horse Wells Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) | Open Energy
Dead Horse Wells Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Dead Horse Wells Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: 2-M Probe At Dead Horse Wells Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Exploration Activity Details Location Dead Horse Wells Area Exploration Technique 2-M Probe Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Background temperatures between 14.7°C and 17.7°C were encountered in the playa and are likely influenced by near-surface groundwater, as evidenced by abundant greasewood. In comparison, what we interpret as background, or near-background temperatures in the alluvial fan environment averaged about 20°C. The2-meter anomaly is characterized by temperatures up to 37°C (99°F) measured over a distance of more than 1.5 km. Lower, yet still
A grateful dead analysis: the relationship between concert and listening behavior
The Grateful Dead was an American band born out of the 1960s San Francisco, California psychedelic movement, that played music together from 1965 to 1995. Despite relatively little popular radio airtime, while on tour the Grateful Dead enjoyed a cult-like following from a fan base that numbered in the millions. Still today, some ten years after dissolution, the band remains popular according to online music services, such as last.fm. This article presents a comparative analysis between 1,590 of the Grateful Dead's live concert set lists from 1972 to 1995 and 2,616,990 Grateful Dead listening events by last.fm users from August 2005 to October 2007. While there is a strong correlation between how songs were played in concert and how they were listened to by last.fm members, the outlying songs in this trend identify interesting aspects of the band and their present-day fans.
Rodriguez, Marko A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gintautas, Vadas [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pepe, Alberto [U.OF CA AT LA
Relationships between dead wood and arthropods in the Southeastern United States.
The importance of dead wood to maintaining forest diversity is now widely recognized. However, the habitat associations and sensitivities of many species associated with dead wood remain unknown, making it difficult to develop conservation plans for managed forests. The purpose of this research, conducted on the upper coastal plain of South Carolina, was to better understand the relationships between dead wood and arthropods in the southeastern United States. In a comparison of forest types, more beetle species emerged from logs collected in upland pine-dominated stands than in bottomland hardwood forests. This difference was most pronounced for Quercus nigra L., a species of tree uncommon in upland forests. In a comparison of wood postures, more beetle species emerged from logs than from snags, but a number of species appear to be dependent on snags including several canopy specialists. In a study of saproxylic beetle succession, species richness peaked within the first year of death and declined steadily thereafter. However, a number of species appear to be dependent on highly decayed logs, underscoring the importance of protecting wood at all stages of decay. In a study comparing litter-dwelling arthropod abundance at different distances from dead wood, arthropods were more abundant near dead wood than away from it. In another study, grounddwelling arthropods and saproxylic beetles were little affected by large-scale manipulations of dead wood in upland pine-dominated forests, possibly due to the suitability of the forests surrounding the plots.
Ulyshen, Michael, Darragh
Quantitative Changes in Hydrocarbons over Time in Fecal Pellets of Incisitermes minor May Predict Whether Colonies Are Alive or Dead
to a new TCU. All wood debris, pellets, dead termites, andinhabiting the wood, we postulated that these pellets couldtermites from the wood. When fecal pellets appear after
Lewis, Vernard R.; Nelson, Lori J.; Haverty, Michael I.; Baldwin, James A.
The nal phase of dead-ice moraine development: processes and sediment architecture, Kotlujokull, Iceland
The ®nal phase of dead-ice moraine development: processes and sediment architecture, Ko of Copenhagen, éster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark ABSTRACT Consecutive phases of de-icing of ice on the sediment succession. Generally, no inversion of the topography occurs during the ®nal phase of de-icing
Ingólfsson, �?lafur
Security of high speed quantum key distribution with finite detector dead time
The security of a high speed quantum key distribution system with finite detector dead time \\tau is analyzed. When the transmission rate becomes higher than the maximum count rate of the individual detectors (1/\\tau ), security issues affect the algorithm for sifting bits. Analytical calculations and numerical simulations of the Bennett-Brassard BB84 protocol are performed. We study Rogers et al.'s protocol (introduced in "Detector dead-time effects and paralyzability in high-speed quantum key distribution," New J. Phys. 9 (2007) 319) in the presence of an active eavesdropper Eve who has the power to perform an intercept-resend attack. It is shown that Rogers et al.'s protocol is no longer secure. More specifically, Eve can induce a basis-dependent detection efficiency at the receiver's end. Modified key sifting schemes that are secure in the presence of dead time and an active eavesdropper are then introduced. We analyze and compare these secure sifting schemes for this active Eve scenario, and calculate and simulate their key generation rate. It is shown that the maximum key generation rate is 1/(2\\tau ) for passive basis selection, and 1/\\tau for active basis selection. The security analysis for finite detector dead time is also extended to the decoy state BB84 protocol.
Viacheslav Burenkov; Bing Qi; Ben Fortescue; Hoi-Kwong Lo
Washington Post editor David E. Hoffman talks about new book, The Dead Hand
Washington Post editor talks about new book Washington Post editor talks about new book Washington Post editor David E. Hoffman talks about new book, The Dead Hand The Dead Hand tells, from both the American and the Russian perspectives, of the end of the Cold War arms race and its legacy of peril. March 22, 2010 Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials.
Online Robot Dead Reckoning Localization Using Maximum Relative Entropy Optimization With Model Constraints
The principle of Maximum relative Entropy optimization was analyzed for dead reckoning localization of a rigid body when observation data of two attached accelerometers was collected. Model constraints were derived from the relationships between the sensors. The experiment's results confirmed that accelerometers each axis' noise can be successfully filtered utilizing dependency between channels and the dependency between time series data. Dependency between channels was used for a priori calculation, and a posteriori distribution was derived utilizing dependency between time series data. There was revisited data of autocalibration experiment by removing the initial assumption that instantaneous rotation axis of a rigid body was known. Performance results confirmed that such an approach could be used for online dead reckoning localization.
Urniezius, Renaldas [Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas (Lithuania)
Potential Entrainment of Dead or Moribund Fish Eggs and Larvae at Cooling Water Intake Structures
This report provides evidence for the occurrence of dead or moribund (dying or close to death) fish eggs and larvae (collectively termed ichthyoplankton) in aquatic environments. Descriptions are provided for organisms found in samples displaying these conditions. Methodologies are suggested by which investigators can determine and verify the occurrence of this phenomenon when undertaking entrainment characterization or verification monitoring studies. The information presented here is designed for permi...
Structure of the Yeast DEAD Box Protein Mss116p Reveals Two Wedges that Crimp RNA
The yeast DEAD box protein Mss116p is a general RNA chaperone that functions in mitochondrial group I and II intron splicing, translational activation, and RNA end processing. Here we determined high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of Mss116p complexed with an RNA oligonucleotide and ATP analogs AMP-PNP, ADP-BeF{sub 3}, or ADP-AlF{sub 4}{sup -}. The structures show the entire helicase core acting together with a functionally important C-terminal extension. In all structures, the helicase core is in a closed conformation with a wedge {alpha} helix bending RNA 3' of the central bound nucleotides, as in previous DEAD box protein structures. Notably, Mss116p's C-terminal extension also bends RNA 5' of the central nucleotides, resulting in RNA crimping. Despite reported functional differences, we observe few structural changes in ternary complexes with different ATP analogs. The structures constrain models of DEAD box protein function and reveal a strand separation mechanism in which a protein uses two wedges to act as a molecular crimper.
Del Campo, Mark; Lambowitz, Alan M.; (Texas)
The security of a high speed quantum key distribution system with finite detector dead time \\tau is analyzed. When the transmission rate becomes higher than the maximum count rate of the individual detectors (1/\\tau ), security issues affect the algorithm for sifting bits. Analytical calculations and numerical simulations of the Bennett-Brassard BB84 protocol are performed. We study Rogers et al.'s protocol (introduced in "Detector dead-time effects and paralyzability in high-speed quantum key distribution," New J. Phys. 9 (2007) 319) in the presence of an active eavesdropper Eve who has the power to perform an intercept-resend attack. It is shown that Rogers et al.'s protocol is no longer secure. More specifically, Eve can induce a basis-dependent detection efficiency at the receiver's end. Modified key sifting schemes that are secure in the presence of dead time and an active eavesdropper are then introduced. We analyze and compare these secure sifting schemes for this active Eve scenario, and calculate and...
Burenkov, Viacheslav; Fortescue, Ben; Lo, Hoi-Kwong
Planetary migration in standard models of gaseous protoplanetary disks is known to be very rapid ({approx}10{sup 5} years), jeopardizing the existence of planetary systems. We present a new mechanism for significantly slowing rapid planetary migration, discovered by means of radiative transfer calculations of the thermal structure of protoplanetary disks irradiated by their central stars. Rapid dust settling in a disk's dead zone-a region with very little turbulence-leaves a dusty wall at its outer edge. We show that the back-heating of the dead zone by this irradiated wall produces a positive gradient of the disk temperature, which acts as a thermal barrier to planetary migration which persists for the disk lifetime. Although we analyze in detail the migration of a super-Earth in a low-mass disk around an M star, our findings can apply to a wide variety of young planetary systems. We compare our findings with other potentially important stopping mechanisms and show that there are large parameter spaces for which dead zones are likely to play the most important role for reproducing the observed mass-period relation in longer planetary periods.
Hasegawa, Yasuhiro [Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1 (Canada); Pudritz, Ralph E. [Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1 (Canada)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 533 (2004) 612 Erratum to ``Dead time and pileup in pulsed parametric
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 533 (2004) 612 Erratum Erratum to ``Dead time Danon�?, Bryndol Sones, Robert Block Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering
Danon, Yaron
Analysis of the Isolated SecA DEAD Motor Suggests a Mechanism for Chemical?Mechanical Coupling
The preprotein cross-linking domain and C-terminal domains of Escherichia coli SecA were removed to create a minimal DEAD motor, SecA-DM. SecA-DM hydrolyzes ATP and has the same affinity for ADP as full-length SecA. The crystal structure of SecA-DM in complex with ADP was solved and shows the DEAD motor in a closed conformation. Comparison with the structure of the E. coli DEAD motor in an open conformation (Protein Data Bank ID 2FSI) indicates main-chain conformational changes in two critical sequences corresponding to Motif III and Motif V of the DEAD helicase family. The structures that the Motif III and Motif V sequences adopt in the DEAD motor open conformation are incompatible with the closed conformation. Therefore, when the DEAD motor makes the transition from open to closed, Motif III and Motif V are forced to change their conformations, which likely functions to regulate passage through the transition state for ATP hydrolysis. The transition state for ATP hydrolysis for the SecA DEAD motor was modeled based on the conformation of the Vasa helicase in complex with adenylyl imidodiphosphate and RNA (Protein Data Bank ID 2DB3). A mechanism for chemical-mechanical coupling emerges, where passage through the transition state for ATP hydrolysis is hindered by the conformational changes required in Motif III and Motif V, and may be promoted by binding interactions with the preprotein substrate and/or other translocase domains and subunits.
Nithianantham, Stanley; Shilton, Brian H. (UWO)
Evaluation of dead time and gain shift correction for a liquid scintillation spectrometer
The Department of Nuclear Engineering at Texas A and M University purchased a new generation liquid scintillation spectrometer--the LKB-Wallac Spectral Model 1219 in 1986. The Model 1219 features an auto sample changer with a capacity for 300 samples, and energy range of 1 to 2000 keV beta subdivided into 1024 channels, a Ra-226 external quench-correction standard, automatic dead time correction, and LED display of the beta energy spectrum. Gain stabilization is based on the use of a precision pulsed light-emitting diode (LED). The instrument's circuitry monitors the pulse height of the light emitted by the LED and adjusted the system gain as necessary to keep the LED-induced pulses constant, thus compensating for gain shifts. This paper reports that a simple test was devised to evaluate this liquid scintillation spectrometer's dead time correction and gain stabilization features. At the same time, the effectiveness of the counting chamber shielding was also tested for a specific situation.
McLain, M.E.; Grimes, M.J.; Lee, P.J.T. (Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A and M Univ., College Station, TX (US))
Growth responses of mature loblolly pine to dead wood.manipulations.
Large-scale manipulations of dead wood in mature Pinus taeda L. stands in the southeastern United States included a major one-time input of logs (fivefold increase in log volume) created by felling trees onsite, annual removals of all dead wood above >10 cm in diameter and >60 cm in length, and a reference in which no manipulations took place. We returned over a decade later to determine how these treatments affected tree growth using increment cores. There were no significant differences in tree density, basal area or tree diameters among treatments at the time of sampling. Although tree growth was consistently higher in the log-input plots and lower in the removal plots, this was true even during the 5 year period before the experiment began. When growth data from this initial period were included in the model as a covariate, no differences in post-treatment tree growth were detected. It is possible that treatment effects will become apparent after more time has passed, however.
Ulyshen, Michael D.; Horn, Scott; Hanula, James L.
Distinguishing between live and dead standing tree biomass on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA using small-footprint lidar data.
??Accurate estimation of live and dead biomass in forested ecosystems is important for studies of carbon dynamics, biodiversity, and wildfire behavior, and for forest management.� (more)
[No author
The Feynman-Y Statistic in Relation to Shift-Register Neutron Coincidence Counting: Precision and Dead Time
The Feynman-Y statistic is a type of autocorrelation analysis. It is defined as the excess variance-to-mean ratio, Y = VMR - 1, of the number count distribution formed by sampling a pulse train using a series of non-overlapping gates. It is a measure of the degree of correlation present on the pulse train with Y = 0 for Poisson data. In the context of neutron coincidence counting we show that the same information can be obtained from the accidentals histogram acquired using the multiplicity shift-register method, which is currently the common autocorrelation technique applied in nuclear safeguards. In the case of multiplicity shift register analysis however, overlapping gates, either triggered by the incoming pulse stream or by a periodic clock, are used. The overlap introduces additional covariance but does not alter the expectation values. In this paper we discuss, for a particular data set, the relative merit of the Feynman and shift-register methods in terms of both precision and dead time correction. Traditionally the Feynman approach is applied with a relatively long gate width compared to the dieaway time. The main reason for this is so that the gate utilization factor can be taken as unity rather than being treated as a system parameter to be determined at characterization/calibration. But because the random trigger interval gate utilization factor is slow to saturate this procedure requires a gate width many times the effective 1/e dieaway time. In the traditional approach this limits the number of gates that can be fitted into a given assay duration. We empirically show that much shorter gates, similar in width to those used in traditional shift register analysis can be used. Because the way in which the correlated information present on the pulse train is extracted is different for the moments based method of Feynman and the various shift register based approaches, the dead time losses are manifested differently for these two approaches. The resulting estimates for the dead time corrected first and second order reduced factorial moments should be independent of the method however and this allows the respective dead time formalism to be checked. We discuss how to make dead time corrections in both the shift register and the Feynman approaches.
Croft, Stephen [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Santi, Peter A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Henzlova, Daniela [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hauck, Danielle K. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Favalli, Andrea [Los Alamos National Laboratory
High-Throughput Genetic Identification of Functionally Important Regions of the Yeast DEAD-Box Protein Mss116p
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DEAD-box protein Mss116p is a general RNA chaperone that functions in splicing mitochondrial group I and group II introns. Recent X-ray crystal structures of Mss116p in complex with ATP analogs and single-stranded RNA show that the helicase core induces a bend in the bound RNA, as in other DEAD-box proteins, while a C-terminal extension (CTE) induces a second bend, resulting in RNA crimping. Here, we illuminate these structures by using high-throughput genetic selections, unigenic evolution, and analyses of in vivo splicing activity to comprehensively identify functionally important regions and permissible amino acid substitutions throughout Mss116p. The functionally important regions include those containing conserved sequence motifs involved in ATP and RNA binding or interdomain interactions, as well as previously unidentified regions, including surface loops that may function in protein-protein interactions. The genetic selections recapitulate major features of the conserved helicase motifs seen in other DEAD-box proteins but also show surprising variations, including multiple novel variants of motif III (SAT). Patterns of amino acid substitutions indicate that the RNA bend induced by the helicase core depends on ionic and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the bound RNA; identify a subset of critically interacting residues; and indicate that the bend induced by the CTE results primarily from a steric block. Finally, we identified two conserved regions - one the previously noted post II region in the helicase core and the other in the CTE - that may help displace or sequester the opposite RNA strand during RNA unwinding.
Mohr, Georg; Del Campo, Mark; Turner, Kathryn G.; Gilman, Benjamin; Wolf, Rachel Z.; Lambowitz, Alan M. (Texas)
A human gene (DDX10) encoding a putative DEAD-box RNA helicase at 11q22-q23
A human gene encoding a putative RNA helicase, designated DDX10, was identified 400 kb telomeric to the ataxia-telangiectasia gene at chromosome 11q22-q23. The predicted amino acid sequence shows very high similarity to a subgroup of DEAD-box RNA helicases involved in ribosome biogenesis. This novel gene encodes a 3.2-kb transcript in a variety of human tissues. A processed pseudogene of DDX10 was detected at chromosome 9q21-q22. We observed a rare trinucleotide repeat length polymorphism within the coding sequence of DDX10. 39 refs., 5 figs.
Savitsky, K.; Ziv, Y.; Bar-Shira, A. [Tel Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv (Israel)] [and others
Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating
then �clean� the answer keys, erasing stray pencil marks,deliver the completed answer keys and exams to the CPSin the middle of the answer key, making it more difficult to
Jacob, Brian A.; Levitt, Steve
The requirement of the DEAD-box protein DDX24 for the packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA
RNA helicases play important roles in RNA metabolism. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) does not carry its own RNA helicase, the virus thus needs to exploit cellular RNA helicases to promote the replication of its RNA at various steps such as transcription, folding and transport. In this study, we report that knockdown of a DEAD-box protein named DDX24 inhibits the packaging of HIV-1 RNA and thus diminishes viral infectivity. The decreased viral RNA packaging as a result of DDX24-knockdown is observed only in the context of the Rev/RRE (Rev response element)-dependent but not the CTE (constitutive transport element)-mediated nuclear export of viral RNA, which is explained by the specific interaction of DDX24 with the Rev protein. We propose that DDX24 acts at the early phase of HIV-1 RNA metabolism prior to nuclear export and the consequence of this action extends to the viral RNA packaging stage during virus assembly.
Ma Jing; Rong Liwei; Zhou Yongdong; Roy, Bibhuti Bushan; Lu, Jennifer; Abrahamyan, Levon; Mouland, Andrew J.; Pan Qinghua; Chen Liang, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Interaction Between the Nucleoporin Nup214 and the DEAD-box Helicase Ddx19
Key steps in the export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm are the transport through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and the subsequent remodeling of messenger RNA-protein (mRNP) complexes that occurs at the cytoplasmic side of the NPC. Crucial for these events is the recruitment of the DEAD-box helicase Ddx19 to the cytoplasmic filaments of the NPC that is mediated by the nucleoporin Nup214. Here, we present the crystal structure of the Nup214 N-terminal domain in complex with Ddx19 in its ADP-bound state at 2.5 {angstrom} resolution. Strikingly, the interaction surfaces are not only evolutionarily conserved but also exhibit strongly opposing surface potentials, with the helicase surface being positively and the Nup214 surface being negatively charged. We speculate that the positively charged surface of the interacting ADP-helicase binds competitively to a segment of mRNA of a linearized mRNP, passing through the NPC on its way to the cytoplasm. As a result, the ADP-helicase would dissociate from Nup214 and replace a single bound protein from the mRNA. One cycle of protein replacement would be accompanied, cooperatively, by nucleotide exchange, ATP hydrolysis, release of the ADP-helicase from mRNA and its rebinding to Nup214. Repeat of these cycles would remove proteins from a mRNP, one at a time, akin to a ratchet mechanism for mRNA export.
Napetschnig, J.; Kassube, S; Debler, E; Wong, R; Blobel, G; Hoelz, A
# The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Hydrocarbon mixtures extracted from fecal pellets of drywood termites are species-specific and can be characterized to identify the termites responsible for damage, even when termites are no longer present or are unable to be recovered easily. In structures infested by drywood termites, it is common to find fecal pellets, but difficult to sample termites from the wood. When fecal pellets appear after remedial treatment of a structure, it is difficult to determine whether this indicates that termites in the structure are still alive and active or not. We examined the hydrocarbon composition of workers, alates, and soldiers of Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (family Kalotermitidae) and of fecal pellets of workers. Hydrocarbons were qualitatively similar among castes and pellets. Fecal pellets that were aged for periods of 0, 30, 90, and 365 days after collection were qualitatively similar across all time periods, however, the relative quantities of certain individual hydrocarbons changed over time, with 19 of the 73 hydrocarbon peaks relatively increasing or decreasing. When the sums of the positive and negative slopes of these 19 hydrocarbons were indexed, they produced a highly significant linear correlation (R 2 =0.89). Consequently, the quantitative differences of these hydrocarbons peaks can be used to determine the age of worker fecal pellets, and thus help determine whether the colony that produced them is alive or dead.
Vernard R. Lewis; Lori J. Nelson; Michael I. Haverty; James A. Baldwin
The BAT1 gene in the MHC encodes an evolutionarily conserved putative nuclear RNA helicase of the DEAD family
The BAT1 gene has previously been identified about 30 kb upstream from the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus and close to a NF{sub kb}-related gene of the nuclear factor family in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of human, mouse, and pig. We now show that the BAT1 translation product is the homolog of the rat p47 nuclear protein, the WM6 Drosophila gene product, and probably also Ce08102 of Caenorhabditis elegans, all members of the DEAD protein family of ATP-dependent RNA helicases. This family has more than 40 members, including the eukaryotic translation initiation factor-4A (eIF-4A), the human nuclear protein p68, and the Drosophila oocyte polar granule component vasa. BAT1 spans about 10 kb, is split into 10 exons of varying length, and encodes a protein of 428 amino acids ({approximately}48 kDa). Human and pig BAT1 cDNAs display 95.6% identity in the coding region and 80% identity in the 5{prime} and 3{prime} noncoding regions. Several repeat sequences of different types were identified in introns of the porcine BAT1 gene. Three different mRNAs, 4.1,1.7, and 0.9 kb, respectively, were detected in all tissues analyzed upon hybridization with porcine BAT1 cDNA. Transfection and expression of human BAT1 cDNA after tagging with a heterologous antibody recognition epitope revealed a nuclear localization of the hybrid protein. An MspI RFLP was detected in an SLA class I typed family, confirming the localization of the BAT1 gene in the porcine MHC. BAT1 thus encodes a putative nuclear ATP-dependent RNA helicase and is likely to have an indispensable function. 35 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
Peelman, L.J.; Van Zeveren, A.; Coppeiters, W. [State Univ. Ghent, Merelbeke (Belgium)] [and others
Data:5c397f6f-dead-44f9-969c-5e1d8b6cbd0c | Open Energy Information
7f6f-dead-44f9-969c-5e1d8b6cbd0c 7f6f-dead-44f9-969c-5e1d8b6cbd0c No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: PUD No 1 of Pend Oreille Cnty Effective date: 2011/07/01 End date if known: Rate name: RESIDENTIAL SERVICE Sector: Residential Description: Residential rate customers are limited to single-residential dwellings and farm use, single-phase 60 cycle, 120/240 volt service. Capacity of individual motors served shall not exceed 10 H.P. Approval must be obtained from the District for use of any one item of equipment that exceeds 20 kW in capacity and 7 kW in stages. Source or reference: http://18.104.22.168/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Electric-Rates.pdf
Data:01b76efc-c8cb-43d3-aaa1-05c21dead27a | Open Energy Information
efc-c8cb-43d3-aaa1-05c21dead27a efc-c8cb-43d3-aaa1-05c21dead27a No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Upper Peninsula Power Co Effective date: 2013/07/01 End date if known: Rate name: Dusk To Dawn Outdoor Security Lighting Z-4 MV 175 W Sector: Lighting Description: Any customer for dusk to dawn outdoor security lighting where customer takes service at the same premises under a standard rate schedule. Additions to mercury vapor lighting services are closed to new customers. Daily from dusk to dawn. Single-phase, alternating current, 60 hertz, nominally at l20 volts. Type of Facility Monthly Charge Additional Wood Pole $3.80/pole Span of Conductor (200 feet) $2.74/span
Block-level RAID is dead
The common storage stack as found in most operating systems has remained unchanged for several decades. In this stack, the RAID layer operates under the file system layer, at the block abstraction level. We argue that this arrangement of layers has fatal ...
Raja Appuswamy; David C. van Moolenbroek; Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Do oil markets work; is OPEC dead
In this paper the authors review what has happened in world oil markets since the 1970s and examine the prospects for OPEC and world oil prices. The paper summarizes the data for the last two decades: by fuel, by product, and by region. It focuses on OPEC and its members, examining the differences in behavior between its members and non-OPEC producers. The authors find that OPEC is clearly still relevant, if no longer very powerful. Its members have collectively reduced output dramatically, in an unsuccessful attempt to defend the price increases. They examine the important institutional changes of the last two decades, in comparison with the industry's stability for much of the century. They suggest an interpretation of OPEC's current situation. The paper summarizes the outlook for OPEC and the world oil market over the next two decades.
Gately, D. (New York Univ., NY (USA). Dept. of Economics)
Using Artificial, Cell-Like 'Honey Pots' To Entrap Deadly ...
... host cells. One, the so-called "G" protein, acts as a spotter, recognizing and binding to a specific "receptor" protein on the surface of the target cell. ...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
PRODUCTSERVICE The Contractor shall provide the DOE with access to proprietary on-line information retrieval services. Products and Services. All cases carry the unique Core...
Dead ringers : globalization and the paradoxes of development and identity
Paul. 2004. �Implored to �Offshore� More: U.S. Firms Are TooComprehensive Impact of Offshore IT Software and ServicesChronicle. 2004. �Looking Offshore: Straight from the Mouth:
Nadeem, Shehzad
Development and Persistence of `Static' or `Dead' Zones in Flows
Workshop on Mathematical Problems in Industry June 1519, 2009 University of Delaware #12;Abbott et al. 1 Section 1: Introduction Certain ceramic products are formed through extrusion processes, where a slurry
Edwards, David A.
Looking for Ways to Improve Vaccines Against the Deadly Rotavirus...
Using High Pressure to Reveal Quantum Criticality in an Elemental Antiferromagnet Nano Changes Have Macro Importance for a Key Electronics Material Squeezing an Old Material...
ILP is Dead, Long Live IPC! (A position paper.)
We will discuss the current state of microprocessor architecture, where it is currently headed, and where it should be headed. Specifically, until recently processors consisted of one copy of a CPU, the latter exploiting as much Instruction-Level Parallelism as possible. This improved performance. Unfortunately, two trends collided and caused a rapid shift in processor architecture: 1) The architecture community's ability to extract ILP from typical code asymptotically approached zero, so processor companies kept increasing the CPU clock rate to compensate and improve performance in a brute force way. Marketing also played a large role here: it�s relatively easy to sell processors based on a single [higher] number. 2) Processor temperatures
Augustus K. Uht
Naming the Dead � Confronting the Realities of Rapid ...
... with sterile distilled water and 100% ethanol and air ... should provide limited access to the work areas for ... 3. Lab Design Separation of pre-PCR and ...
Dead or Alive: finding zombie features in the Linux kernel
Variability management in operating systems is an error-prone and tedious task. This is especially true for the Linux operating system, which provides a specialized tool called Kconfig for users to customize kernels from an impressive amount of ... Keywords: Linux, features, language, preprocessor, software product lines, tool support
Reinhard Tartler; Julio Sincero; Wolfgang Schr�der-Preikschat; Daniel Lohmann
ENP), Eastern South Pacific (ESP), Northern Indian Ocean,and mussels (EOSA-1 in the ESP and GSO in African shelfsulfidic waters of the ENP and ESP, suggesting alternative
Walsh, David A.
Disarming Deadly South American Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses | Advanced...
nose, eyes, and other orifices. Most outbreaks occur in rural regions of Bolivia, Venezuela, Argentina, and Brazil. "The outbreaks of New World hemorrhagic fever tend to be...
We are not dead . . . - The quantitative theory and the relation between money and inflation .
??This paper presents a robust finding for the relationship between money growth and inflation in Chile: inflation causes (precedes) money and not the other way� (more)
Chumacero Escudero, R�mulo Augusto
Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse...
new 2m measurements at Astor Pass, Nevada resolved additional details of near-surface thermal outflow in this blind geothermal system. And at Columbus Salt Marsh, Nevada,...
Distance Is Not Dead: Social Interaction and Geographical Distance in the Internet Era
The Internet revolution has made long-distance communication dramatically faster, easier, and cheaper than ever before. This, it has been argued, has decreased the importance of geographic proximity in social interactions, transforming our world into a global village with a borderless society. We argue for the opposite: while technology has undoubtedly increased the overall level of communication, this increase has been most pronounced for local social ties. We show that the volume of electronic communications is inversely proportional to geographic distance, following a Power Law. We directly study the importance of physical proximity in social interactions by analyzing the spatial dissemination of new baby names. Counter-intuitively, and in line with the above argument, the importance of geographic proximity has dramatically increased with the internet revolution.
Goldenberg, Jacob
Identification of the human DEAD-box protein p68 as a substrate of Tlk1
The activity of the human protein kinase Tlk1 is down-regulated within minutes after exposure of cells to ionizing radiation. In order to identify signaling pathways which might be relevant in the radiation response of mammalian cells we screened nuclear proteins for substrates of Tlk1. Among several proteins one could be identified as p68 RNA helicase. Furthermore, it could be shown that Tlk1 phosphorylates immunoprecipitated p68. The phosphorylation of the C-terminal fragment of p68 by rTlk1 reduced its affinity to single stranded RNA in a gel shift assay. In addition, it could be demonstrated that increasing the Tlk1 activity in HT1080 cells by forced Tlk1 overexpression leads to an increased phosphorylation of endogenous p68, arguing that p68 might be a physiological substrate of Tlk1. These findings open the possibility that Tlk1 might participate in diverse biologic functions like cell growth and differentiation, pre-mRNA splicing, and transcriptional coactivation.
Kodym, Reinhard [Department of Radiobiology, Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiobiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Austria)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Henoeckl, Christian [Department of Radiobiology, Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiobiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Austria); Fuerweger, Christoph [Department of Radiobiology, Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiobiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Austria)
Scientists Find Ocean 'Dead' Zones Teeming with Life | U.S. DOE...
Office of Science (SC) Website
& Testimony Recovery Act Contact Information Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (202) 586-5430 11.23.09...
Production of Millisecond Dips in Sco X-1 Count Rates by Dead Time Effects
Chang et al. (2006) reported millisecond duration dips in the X-ray intensity of Sco X-1 and attributed them to occultations of the source by small trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). We have found multiple lines of evidence that these dips are not astronomical in origin, but rather the result of high-energy charged particle events in the RXTE PCA detectors. Our analysis of the RXTE data indicates that at most 10% of the observed dips in Sco X-1 could be due to occultations by TNOs, and, furthermore, we find no positive or supporting evidence for any of them being due to TNOs. We therefore believe that it is a mistake to conclude that any TNOs have been detected via occultation of Sco X-1.
T. A. Jones; A. M. Levine; E. H. Morgan; S. Rappaport
and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight to fix organic carbon in the form of biomass. This organic carbon, directly or indirectly, provides food for all life in the ocean...
Dead-Until-Touched: how digital icons can transform the way we interact with information
This paper challenges the way we currently use and interact with information through digital icons and static metaphors. The latest computer and mobile devices' graphical user interfaces need to be reevaluated in order to support the paradigm shift from ... Keywords: GUI, UI, icons, interaction design, metaphors
Isabel Cristina G. Fr�es
To win the war on cancer, scientists must overcome the most deadly
ability to invade normal tissues and spread to distant organs. A surgeon can effectively remove a single into adjacent blood vessels and migrate to distant organs, where they form metastatic tumors. Using advanced the metastatic spread. Prof. Alexander Bershadsky of the Molecular Cell Biology Department is exploring
Maoz, Shahar
Coincidence and Dead-Time Corrections for Particle Counters. Part I: A General Mathematical Formalism
Counting loss due to coincidences limit the efficiency of the retriggerable particle counters. When the particle rate increases, the counted rate rapidly reaches a maximum so that it becomes impossible to precisely estimate the actual value. On ...
J. L. Brenguier; L. Amodei
62 Projects to Make with a Dead Computer: And Other Discarded Electronics
Computer hacking takes on a whole new meaning when you're going at it with a screwdriver and hammer: announcing the most wildly inventive, eco-friendly craft book on repurposing everyday objects since Generation T. Except in this case the raw material ...
Randy Sarafan
Urbanism of disassembly : strategies for Alang's shipbreaking industry
Waste is an integral part of our contemporary civilization based on consumption and material culture. From an empty soda can to the spent nuclear fuel rod, we define waste as the matter without immediate use: rotten, broken, ...
Barve, Aditya S. (Aditya Shankar)
"Now Dead I Begin to Sing": A Protohistoric Clothes-Burning Ceremonial Feature in the Colorado Desert
D. 1965 Warriors of the Colorado. Norman: Uni- versity of1861 Report Upon the Colorado River of the West. Washington:Research in the Colorado Desert: Recent Approaches and
Schaefer, Jerry
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Detection of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers and domestic hot water systems involves concentration by centrifugation or membrane filtration prior to inoculation onto growth media or analysis using techniques such as PCR or immunoassays. The Portable Multi-use Automated Concentration System (PMACS) was designed for concentrating microorganisms from large volumes of water in the field and was assessed for enhancing surveillance of L. pneumophila at the Savannah River Site, SC. PMACS samples (100 L; n = 28) were collected from six towers between August 2010 and April 2011 with grab samples (500 ml; n = 56) being collected before and after each PMACS sample. All samples were analyzed for the presence of L. pneumophila by direct fluorescence immunoassay (DFA) using FITC-labeled monoclonal antibodies targeting serogroups 1, 2, 4 and 6. QPCR was utilized for detection of Legionella spp. in the same samples. Counts of L. pneumophila from DFA and of Legionella spp. from qPCR were normalized to cells/L tower water. Concentrations were similar between grab and PMACS samples collected throughout the study by DFA analysis (P = 0.4461; repeated measures ANOVA). The same trend was observed with qPCR. However, PMACS concentration proved advantageous over membrane filtration by providing larger volume, more representative samples of the cooling tower environment, which led to reduced variability among sampling events and increasing the probability of detection of low level targets. These data highlight the utility of the PMACS for enhanced surveillance of L. pneumophila by providing improved sampling of the cooling tower environment.
Brigmon, R.; Leskinen, S.; Kearns, E.; Jones, W.; Miller, R.; Betivas, C.; Kingsley, M.; Lim, D.
Environmental Justice, Transnationalism, and the Politics of the Local in Leslie Marmon Silko�s Almanac of the Dead
ed. Donald S. Moore, Jake Kosek, and Anand Pandian (Durham,ed. Donald S. Moore, Jake Kosek, and Anand Pandian, 356�79.
Ray, Sarah Jaquette
Alkaline Biofiltration of H2S Odors A R M A N D O G O N Z A L E Z -S A N C H E Z , ,
, and biogas production. Its distinct rotten eggs smell can be detected in air at levels lower than 1 ppbv. H2S biotreatment approach has been developed for the removal of H2S from biogas (10, 11). It consists of two steps
Data Mining in Business Intelligence Professor Hui Xiong
Milk Financial Fraud Detection · Inside Trading, Market Manipulation, Fraud #12;1/23/2010 2 Spoiled by One Very Rotten Apple Rogue Trader's $7.14 Billion Loss · Biggest Bank Fraud in History 2008: Bank of fictitious transactions · China Aviation Oil (CAO), Chen Jiulin, led to a loss of $550 million Business
Gene Regulatory Machinery and Proteomics of Sexual Reproduction in Phytophthora infestans
DEAD/DEAH box RNA helicase mRNA and transcriptionalDEAD/DEAH box RNA helicase PITG_00879 60S ribosomal proteinPITG_02921 DEAD/DEAH box RNA helicase Valyl-tRNA synthetase
Niu, Xiaofan
202-328-5000 www.rff.org�Night of the Living Dead � or �Back to the Future�? Electric Utility Decoupling, Reviving Rate-of-Return Regulation, and Energy Efficiency
The distribution grid for delivering electricity to the user has been paid for as part of the charge per kilowatt-hour that covers the cost of the energy itself. Conservation advocates have promoted the adoption of policies that �decouple � electric distribution company revenues or profits from how much electricity goes through the lines. Their motivation is that usage-based pricing leads utilities to encourage use and discourages conservation. Because decoupling divorces profits from conduct, it runs against the dominant finding in regulatory economics in the last twenty years�that incentive-based regulation outperforms rate-of-return. Even if distribution costs are independent of use, some usage charges can be efficient. Price-cap regulation may distort utility incentives to inform consumers about energy efficiency�getting more performance from less electricity. Utilities will subsidize efficiency investments, but only when prices are too low. Justifying policies to subsidize energy efficiency requires either prices that are too low or consumers who are ignorant.
Timothy J. Brennan; Timothy J. Brennan
Nd'ordre : 2009ISAM0009 Prsente
ChernobylLeakage of the nuclear power reactor More than 2,000 people dead, losses almost three billion U poisoned Pakistan 1997 Lahore: serious gas leak accident 26 people dead, 900 people injured Kuwait 2000
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by the DExD/H-box protein Dhh1
R. Parker. 2001. The DEAD box helicase, Dhh1p, functions inR. Parker. 2001. The DEAD box helicase, Dhh1p, functions inconserved predicted RNA helicase required for gametogenesis
Carroll, Johanna Shumway
Characterization of small RNA genes in the marine organisms Ciona intestinalis and Thalassiosira pseudonana
the dsRNA are unwound by a helicase, and one of the strandsincluding the PIWI, PAZ, Helicase_C, DEAD, double-strandedbox helicases (DEAD), Helicase conserved C-terminal domain (
Norden-Krichmar, Trina M.
Animal calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels are homologous and derived from the ubiquitous Cation Diffusion Facilitators
A.J. (1996) A DEAD-box RNA helicase in the Escherichia colito the RhlB predicted ATP-dependent RNA helicase of theDEAD box helicase family (Py et al. , 1996). Cai (2007a) has
Matias, Madeleine Gundayao
Evolutionary genomics of divergence and adaptation within the model fungi Neurospora crassa and Neurospora tetrasperma
mitochondrial DEAD box RNA helicase and the unnamed genemitochondrial DEAD box RNA helicase (homolog of the yeastto find the MRH4-like RNA helicase in this case because the
Ellison, Christopher
Analysis of increased size exclusion limit 1 Reveals Organelle Redox State Regulates Intercellular Transport Via Plasmodesmata in Plants
of loss or reduced RNA helicase function due to disruptionspecific DEAD-box RNA helicase. (A) Gene structure of ISE1.441 amino acid DEAD-box RNA helicase domain and a unique 110
Stonebloom, Solomon Henry
The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: Ecology, evolution, and metabolism
proteins with DEAD box helicase domains (Table 2, Fig. S4).kinase TPR repeat Ankyrin DEAD/DEAH box helicase Leucine-rich repeat Helicase, C-terminal Additional abundant domains
Constructing an Optimisation Phase Using Grammatical Evolution
Invariant Hoisting Common Subexpression Elimination Dead Code Elimination Block Reordering Current Approaches #12;Alexander/Gratton Current Approaches · Phase seqencing Loop Invariant Hoisting Common/Gratton Current Approaches · Phase seqencing Loop Invariant Hoisting Common Subexpression Elimination Dead Code
Alexander, Brad
Purdue Land Use Update March 1, 2010
and research (DEAD) · HB 1265 - Oil, gas, and coal bed methane property. (ALIVE) · SB 177 - Indiana Historic for a lifetime (DEAD) #12;Jamie Palmer, AICP IU Public Policy Institute APA Indiana email@example.com 317
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE * Maurice ...
... (2) Dead-time correction was made according to the methods described by Heinrich, et al [7]. The value of the dead- time, t, was 2.3 usec. ...
Characterization of
... In systems with active amplitude leveling, the ... ment system bandwidth control; dead time can ... Need voltage controlled reference oscillator; frequency ...
20742083 Nucleic Acids Research, 2007, Vol. 35, No. 6 Published online 13 March 2007 doi:10.1093/nar/gkm081
was the DEH1 DEAD-box helicase (4569 nt). Sequence redundancy among ACEG contigs To estimate the level
Inspection Report: IG-0681
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Concerns Regarding a Non-Viable (Dead)�Anthrax Spore� Research Project at theOak Ridge National Laboratory
ATR inhibition selectively sensitizes G1 checkpoint-deficient cells to lethal premature
negative (kinase-dead) ATR point mutant (ATR-kd) by adding the small molecule doxycycline (see Materials
Nghiem, Paul
Carbon Accounting in Forest Ecosystems
. Carbon Pools: Above ground biomass Belowground BiomassBelowground Biomass Soil Organic Carbon Dead: · Aboveground biomassAboveground biomass · Belowground biomass · Soil Organic Carbon · Litter · Dead Wood· Dead Wood · (Wood Products) T�?V S�?D Industrie Service GmbH #12;Principles · Biomass is usually measured
Pettenella, Davide
Hard Disk:Users:mbroman:Desktop:MIT_Crime_Statistic_Form.doc Matthew Broman 1/28/13 9:11 AM
from an aggravated assault when a gun, knife or other weapon is used which could or probably would, sale, or possession of deadly weapons; carrying deadly weapons, concealed or openly; furnishing deadly. Drug Abuse Violations: Violations of state and local laws relating to the unlawful possession, sale
Reuter, Martin
Liveness of Heap Data for Functional Programs
Functional programming languages use garbage collection for heap memory management. Ideally, garbage collectors should reclaim all objects that are dead at the time of garbage collection. An object is dead at an execution instant if it is not used in future. Garbage collectors collect only those dead objects that are not reachable from any program variable. This is because they are not able to distinguish between reachable objects that are dead and reachable objects that are live. In this paper, we describe a static analysis to discover reachable dead objects in programs written in first-order, eager functional programming languages. The results of this technique can be used to make reachable dead objects unreachable, thereby allowing garbage collectors to reclaim more dead objects.
Karkare, Amey; Sanyal, Amitabha
Have you ever bitten into what appears to be a perfectly ripe peach only to discover that it
bitten into what appears to be a perfectly ripe peach only to discover that it bitten into what appears to be a perfectly ripe peach only to discover that it was rotten and tasted terrible? Project reports to management can be very similar to this experience. DOE executes a diverse portfolio of capital asset projects that are of such size and complexity they must be programmed, planned, budgeted, and executed over multiple fiscal years. Because of this, a number of tools assist the Federal Project Director (FPD) in making sound decisions to successfully complete a project within its Performance Baseline (PB), and provide independent assessments to the Acquisition Executive. Project reviews are one such tool. Project reviews are a valuable tool and can vary significantly in intensity, frequency, duration
Renewable Natural Gas
Natural Gas Natural Gas JOHN DAVIS: The use of clean, domestic natural gas as highway fuel in place of imported oil is growing in popularity with fleets and trucking companies. While natural gas from underground deposits is arguably a limited resource, there is a renewable, eco-friendly resource that we have right here in the U.S.A. And we're here now to give you the straight poop! Every family, farm animal and food processing plant in America produces organic waste that creates a mix of methane, CO2 and other elements called bio gas when it decomposes. Rotten vegetables, moldy bread, last night's leftovers --- they all break down when our garbage gets to the land fill. Incredibly, for
and dead. As these larvae approach maturity they become hunchbacked from the swelling wing pads beneath the outer skin, and increasingly restless. Finally they swim or crawl to...
inverters, offering less weight, higher efficiency, and lower-cost installations.
to 10 pounds per square foot of dead weight to the roof structural members, concentrated throughinverters, offering less weight, higher efficiency, and lower- cost installations. The electrical
Johnson, Eric E.
Distribution plate for recirculating fluidized bed
A distribution plate for a recirculating fluidized bed has a centrally disposed opening and a plurality of apertures adjacent the periphery to eliminate dead spots within the bed.
Yang, Wen-ching (Export, PA); Vidt, Edward J. (Pittsburgh, PA); Keairns, Dale L. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Generic closed control loop of a high efficiency low volume bioethanol distillery.
??Bioethanol is a type of biofuel that is created by fermenting organic materials into a solution called mash. This mash contains water, dead yeast cells,� (more)
Pearson, Andrew
Magnesium: Digital Resource Center Text Topic
Feb 11, 2007 ... E. Aghion, B. Bronfin, F. Von Buch, S. Schumann and H. Friedrich. "Dead Sea Magnesium Alloys Newly Developed for High Temperature�...
Question 8
... Tap Water * Public Phone * Laundry Facilities * Flush Toilets * Location: in Dead Man's Flats, 14.4 km east of Banff Park Gates Open: Year-Round ...
Lessons Learned from Accident at Russia's Hydroelectric Plan
as possible. Water immediately flooded the engine and turbine rooms and caused a transformer explosion. On 23 August 2009, authorities said 69 people were found dead while 6...
Latinas Crafting Sustainability in East Los Angeles
Dead, indigenismo, arts sustainability, East Los Angeles,Guajardo Latinas Crafting Sustainability in East Los Angelesin their growth and sustainability will help document their
Guajardo, Ana
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
two wells were not downloaded. Well 728 did not have the proper connectors, and the battery was dead for downloading at well 846. Quality Control Snnplc Cross Reference:...
NIST Scientists Cross the Bridge between Atomic and Real ...
... Schroedinger considered the possibility that a cat could be made to be both dead and alive at the same time. "Schroedinger's ...
NSTIC, News
... Bloomberg, Juliann Francis, US Unveils Plan to Shield $10 Trillion Online Marketplace, 04/15/11. Forbes, Kashmir Hill, The Password is Dead. ...
Human Remains and the Construction of Race and History, 1897-1945
Three . . . Indian Crania�Blackfeet�Picked up on the Rosebetween the Crows and the Blackfeet in which . . . the CrowsInstitution. fallen Blackfeet. � 80 Bodies of the dead,
Redman, Samuel James
The Sandia Cooler - Energy Innovation Portal
A Fundamental Breakthrough in Heat Transfer Technology for Microelectronics In a conventional CPU cooler, the heat transfer bottleneck is the boundary layer of "dead ...
Sandia National Laboratories Information Technology Solutions ...
the heat transfer bottleneck is the boundary layer of �dead air� that clings to the cooling fins. This insulating layer is largely unaffected by the ...
Biogas and Cattle Organs.
?? A study has been conducted to assess the possibilities to introduce dead cattle organs as the raw material for biogas generation at the rural� (more)
Jamil, Adnan
Fluid ?Rock Characterization and Interactions in
on dead oils. Mixing rules are developed for gaseous mixtures of methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. The coupling between the relaxation time distribution...
Invasive Plants on the Oak Ridge Reservation
be most problematic in disturbed areas such as clearings and openings along roads, under transmission lines, beside waterfronts, and in areas with dead pines. Some can, however,...
Mechanisms of regulation in the interferon factor 3 (IRF- 3) pathway
et al. The DEAD-box helicase DDX3X is a critical componenton the structure of RecG helicase. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Bfactor 4A, a DEAD-box RNA helicase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Limmer, Kirsten
Highly efficient 6-stroke engine cycle with water injection
A six-stroke engine cycle having improved efficiency. Heat is recovered from the engine combustion gases by using a 6-stroke engine cycle in which combustion gases are partially vented proximate the bottom-dead-center position of the fourth stroke cycle, and water is injected proximate the top-dead-center position of the fourth stroke cycle.
Szybist, James P; Conklin, James C
20/02/20132 `State of The Nations' Forests'
·Forest Habitat ·Forest Habitat Condition ·Forest Management ·Forest Use ·Carbon Sequestration ·Timber and increment forecast · Carbon forecast (to be published) · Biomass forecast run (to be published / dead Natural Regeneration NVC & ground, field & shrub layer vegetation General health Dead wood
Microsoft Word - IG-0681.doc
Inquiries Inquiries Inspection Report Concerns Regarding a Non-Viable (Dead) "Anthrax Spore" Research Project at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory DOE/IG-0681 March 2005 CONCERNS REGARDING A NON-VIABLE (DEAD) "ANTHRAX SPORE" RESEARCH PROJECT AT THE OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW Introduction and Objective 1 Observations and Conclusions 2 DETAILS OF FINDINGS Background 3 Authorization 3 Security Issues 4 OBSERVATIONS 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 7 MANAGEMENT COMMENTS 8 INSPECTOR COMMENTS 8 APPENDICES A. Scope and Methodology 10 B. Management Comments 11 Overview Page 1 Concerns Regarding a Non-Viable (Dead) "Anthrax Spore" Research Project at the Oak Ridge National
VERTEBRATES OF FISH LAKE CAUTION! FISH LAKE SCAVANGER HUNT RED HEADED in large dead trees. Males and females both have the majestic red head the mound. Damselflies sit with their wings folded down, which differs them
Minnesota, University of
94 IAEI NEWS November.December 2008 www.iaei.org a top to bottom perspective on a pv system
by professional engineers. PV arrays may add up to 45 pounds per square foot of dead weight to the roof struc inverters (lower cost, less weight, higher efficiency) (NEC 690.35). Although the electrical connectors
Building and Fire Codes
... 25 kg/m2 (5 lb.ft2) ASTM E 119 Std Curve Page 6. NIST WTC Workshop Safety Factors Structural Design Load Factor 1.2 Dead + 1.6 Live Load ...
Thermal Mediation by Littoral Wetlands and Impact on Lake Intrusion Depth
Lake inflow dynamics can be affected by the thermal mediation provided by shallow littoral regions such as wetlands. In this study, wetland thermal mediation is evaluated using a linearized dead-zone model. Its impact on ...
Andradottir, Hrund O.
Birds' Nests
are pressed into place and reinforced with blades of dead grass. With the exception of eagles and certain hawks it is one of the few birds that uses the same nest more than one...
Carbon Monoxide Safety Tips
Protect yourself and your family from the deadly effects of carbon monoxide--a colorless, odorless poisonous gas. This publication describes the warning signs of carbon monoxide exposure and includes a home safety checklist.
Shaw, Bryan W.; Garcia, Monica L.
Reading Stories of Crisis and Recovery: What Next for the American City?
Bunkley. 2009. Dead End in Detroit for White-Collar Workers.24. ���. 2010. Shrinking Detroit Back to Greatness. New YorkSolnit, Rebecca. 2007. Detroit arcadia: Exploring the post-
Hinkley, Sara
Plasmodesmata during development: re-examination of the importance of primary, secondary, and branched plasmodesmata structure versus function
a mitochondrial DEAD-box RNA helicase (Stonebloom et al.encodes a DEVH-type RNA helicase (Kobayashi et al. 2007).mitochondria localized RNA helicase that is likely essential
Burch-Smith, Tessa M.; Stonebloom, Solomon; Xu, Min; Zambryski, Patricia C.
The genome of obligately intracellular Ehrlichia canis reveals themes of complex membrane structure and immune evasion strategies
decarboxylase. DEAD/DEAH box helicase NADH-ubiquinonehypothetical UvrD/REP helicase DNA gyrase, subunit Aoxidoreductase DnaB-like helicase,N-terminal:DnaB- like
RNA Helicase DDX5 Regulates MicroRNA Expression and Contributes to Cytoskeletal Reorganization in Basal Breast Cancer Cells
phosphorylation of P68 RNA helicase confers resistance toof the DEAD-box RNA helicase p68 in colorectal tumours.C. N. (2008) The RNA helicase p68 is a novel androgen
Wang, Daojing
Proteomic Analysis of Calcium- and Phosphorylation-dependent Calmodulin Complexes in Mammalian Cells
ATP-dependent DNA or RNA helicase and are involved in aand ATP-dependent RNA helicase DEAD box protein 3 (DDX3), asis an ATP-dependent RNA helicase and localizes mostly in the
Jang, Deok-Jin; Wang, Daojing
Salt Stress in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough: An integrated genomics approach
2005. The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multipleTuteja. 2005. Pea DNA helicase 45 overexpression in tobaccostressed sample was the RNA helicase DVU3310 (Fig 2, Table
Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila
Low Dose Radiation Response Curves, Networks and Pathways in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells Exposed from 1 to 10 cGy of Acute Gamma Radiation
ATP-dependent DEAD-box RNA helicase p72, Mol Cell Biol. A.O.asp-glu-ala-asp/his) RNA helicase that may alter protein-RNA
Wyrobek, A. J.
Evolutionary and functional genomics of bacteria from the cold deep sea
of cold shock-induced RNA helicase gene expression in theCsdA, a cold-shock RNA helicase from Escherichia coli, isregulated DEAD-box RNA helicase from the Antarctic archaeon,
Lauro, Federico M.
A Korarchael Genome Reveals Insights into the Evolution of the Archaea
small subunit L ERCC4-like helicase L Rec8/ScpA/Scc1-likeDEAD/DEAH box helicase-like conserved hypothetical proteinbinding, OB-fold, tRNA/helicase-type aminotransferase, class
Elkins, James G.
The complete genome sequence of Staphylothermus marinus reveals differences in sulfur metabolism among heterotrophic Crenarchaeota
>533 ATP-dependent helicase (COG1201) Tpen_1352 Hbut_0975 >Tpen_1490 Smar_0187 >934 helicase (COG1204) Tpen_0498>1007 DEAD/DEAH box helicase (COG1205) Tpen_0861 Smar_1495 >
Anderson, Iain
Biosorption beads for removal of dissolved metals from aqueous streams
This invention is comprised of a process for removing heavy metals from aqueous waste streams 5 by contacting such streams with certain biological adsorbents, either living, dead or in fragments, that may be immobilized in gel beads. 1 tab.
Scott, C.D.
Table of Contents Chapter 1. Information
-Element Outputs does Not Increase Expressive Power Defining particular functions Summary: Physical of One's Location Chapter 12. Learning Time and Space Computational Accessibility Learning the Time Example 2: Learning the Solar Ephemeris Example 3: "Associative" Learning Summary Chapter 14. Dead
Gallistel, Randy
Water driven : New Orleans City Hall as a sustainable civic center for 21st century
The devastating struck of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans in late summer of 2005 was deadly and immense. The storm destroyed over 170 drinking water facilities and 47 wastewater treatments around the city, and resulted ...
Sangthong, Pholkrit
Arnold Schwarzenegger BIOMASS TO ENERGY
Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor BIOMASS TO ENERGY: FOREST MANAGEMENT FOR WILDFIRE REDUCTION, ENERGY and dead vegetative material that have been removed from the landscape (either sent as biomass to the power
Technologies for the isolation of circulating tumor cells
Metastasis, the spread and growth of tumor cells from the primary site to distant organs, is arguably the most devastating and deadly attribute of cancer, and is ultimately responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. ...
Shah, Ajay M. (Ajay Mukesh)
Loss of cardiac microRNA-mediated regulation leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure
Rationale: Heart failure is a deadly and devastating disease that places immense costs on an aging society. To develop therapies aimed at rescuing the failing heart, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms ...
Rao, Prakash K.
Hognose Snake Defense
back, and will not move - unless you roll it back over onto its stomach. Then it will flip itself back onto its back again, as if to say, "No Can't you see that I'm dead?" I...
A riverscape perspective on habitat associations among riverine bird ...
used the straight-line valley distance and the sur- ... In each plot, we identified all trees (live and dead) ...... result is supported by other work that suggests that.
Los Alamos National Laboratory employees receive Pollution Prevention...
with potential applications in such energy-related technologies such as production of biofuels and reduction of carbon dioxide. A dead pinon at the edge of the Grand Canyon,...
Pollution prevention efforts recognized
Laboratory to demolish excavation enclosures at Material Disposal...
Quackgrass and Crabgrass
is one of the pesky weeds that are benefited by the foolish practice of annually burning the dead vegetation on vacant lots and on meadows in outlying subdivisions. Its...
Analysis of Bottom-Track and Compass Error in a Self-Contained Acoustic Doppler Diver Navigation Console
The Cobra-Tac (Teledyne RD Instruments) is a self-contained diver navigation system based on acoustic Doppler velocity log (DVL) technology that uses dead reckoning to compute displacements from a known starting point. The navigational accuracy ...
James L. Hench; Johanna H. Rosman
Flesh yours, bones mine : the making of the biomedical subject in Turkey
With the emergence of biomedical technologies, human body parts from living or dead donors have become commodities in the international networks of trade. This dissertation tries to understand religious, political and ...
Sanal, Aslihan
Sandia National Laboratories : Licensing/Technology Transfer ...
M. R. Keenan; V. S. Smentkowski, J. A. T. Ohlhausen, P. G. Kotula. (2008). "Mitigating dead-time effects during multivariate analysis of ToF-SIMS spectral images."
Fish Bulletin No. 107. Trout and Salmon Culture (Hatchery Methods)
be taken never to jolt or jar a pail of eggs. In filling thecontainer, preferably a quart fruit jar, and then dropping afew eggs into the jar, using both live and dead eggs. If the
Leitritz, Earl
Fish Bulletin 164. Trout and Salmon Culture (Hatchery Methods)
Leitritz, Earl; Lewis, Robert C
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Intramural Dodgeball Rules and Glossary
RECREATION 01/15/13 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Intramural Dodgeball Rules and Glossary **All credit players, forfeiting a team, and forfeiting a contest. Section 3: Glossary · Dead ball: A ball that hits
their stumps, and out along their decaying root systems. It is the fruit of the shoe-string fungus that spreads underground along the roots of dead, unhealthy or weathered trees...
Bacteria Odors
Bacteria Odors Bacteria Odors Name: Jason Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: I am doing a science project on food decomposition. I would like to know why food -- especially meat--smells bad when it goes bad. Also Why does bread grow mold and why is it green and blue? Thank you. Replies: Jason, When food is being eaten by bacteria, they produce byproducts just like we do. The compounds they produce cause the smell of rotten meat. There is a reason we don't like that smell: it warns us that that food is probably unsafe to eat. So biology has built in a safety rule: you would not normally eat something that you don't like the smell of. The molds on bread are a special kind that like bread. Their spores are everywhere but only when we leave our bread long enough can they grow to sufficient numbers so that we can see them. Again, you can smell the bread is off, you can see it, and if you hadn't noticed you will taste it. However you should not eat bread with molds on: they produce toxic substances. I don't think there is a reason for them to be green and blue, at least I don't know it.
NEWTON, Ask a Scientist at Argonne National Labs
Reptile Hibernation Reptile Hibernation Name: Sammy Status: student Grade: K-3 Location: VA Country: USA Date: Fall 2011 Question: When reptiles hibernate do they feel dead? Replies: Sammy: Do you mean does the animal itself feel like it is dead? Or do you mean does it feel dead to us when we touch it? The answer to both is, no. If you were to pick up a hibernating snake, for instance, it would feel cold, but it would not be stiff as it would be if dead, and if you handled it it would begin to stir. We really can't say how the animal itself feels, they are enough different from us that we can't know exactly how their brains sense their environment, especially in hibernation which is not like anything humans experience. J. Elliott I can't imagine what it would be like to "feel dead." More likely, they are unconscious or drowsy, possibly like a deep sleep.
Adaptive engine injection for emissions reduction
NOx and soot emissions from internal combustion engines, and in particular compression ignition (diesel) engines, are reduced by varying fuel injection timing, fuel injection pressure, and injected fuel volume between low and greater engine loads. At low loads, fuel is injected during one or more low-pressure injections occurring at low injection pressures between the start of the intake stroke and approximately 40 degrees before top dead center during the compression stroke. At higher loads, similar injections are used early in each combustion cycle, in addition to later injections which preferably occur between about 90 degrees before top dead center during the compression stroke, and about 90 degrees after top dead center during the expansion stroke (and which most preferably begin at or closely adjacent the end of the compression stroke). These later injections have higher injection pressure, and also lower injected fuel volume, than the earlier injections.
Reitz, Rolf D. (Madison, WI): Sun, Yong (Madison, WI)
Dictyostelium transcriptional responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: common and specific effects from PAO1 and PA14 strains
,15 DDB0167879 IWS1 C-terminus 0,70 0,69 DDB0205969 snd1, tudor domain-containing protein 0,66 0,79 DDB0188840 TFIIAL, "transcription_factor_IIA" -0,79 -0,55 DDB0167865 ddx52, DEAD/DEAH box helicase -0,55 -0,55 DDB0184074 ddx6, DEAD/DEAH box helicase 0... ,62 0,66 DDB0184228 DEAD/DEAH box helicase -0,63 -0,60 Table 2: Genes differentially expressed upon infection with PAO1 and PA14 versus Klebsiella (Continued)Page 9 of 15 (page number not for citation purposes) DDB0206136 myb domain-containing protein 0...
Carilla-Latorre, Sergio; Calvo-Garrido, Javier; Bloomfield, Gareth; Skelton, Jason; Kay, Robert R; Ivens, Alasdair; Martinez, Jose L; Escalante, Ricardo
Internal combustion engine using premixed combustion of stratified charges
During a combustion cycle, a first stoichiometrically lean fuel charge is injected well prior to top dead center, preferably during the intake stroke. This first fuel charge is substantially mixed with the combustion chamber air during subsequent motion of the piston towards top dead center. A subsequent fuel charge is then injected prior to top dead center to create a stratified, locally richer mixture (but still leaner than stoichiometric) within the combustion chamber. The locally rich region within the combustion chamber has sufficient fuel density to autoignite, and its self-ignition serves to activate ignition for the lean mixture existing within the remainder of the combustion chamber. Because the mixture within the combustion chamber is overall premixed and relatively lean, NO.sub.x and soot production are significantly diminished.
Marriott, Craig D. (Rochester Hills, MI); Reitz, Rolf D. (Madison, WI
Life history and habitat associations of the broad wood cockroach, Parcoblatta lata (Blattaria: Blattellidae) and other native cockroaches in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina.
Wood cockroaches are an important prey of the red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis, an endangered species inhabiting pine forests in the southern United States. These woodpeckers forage on the boles of live pine trees, but their prey consists of a high proportion of wood cockroaches, Parcoblatta spp., that are more commonly associated with dead plant material. Cockroach population density samples were conducted on live pine trees, dead snags and coarse woody debris on the ground. The studies showed that snags and logs are also important habitats of wood cockroaches in pine forests.
Horn, Scott; Hanula, James, L.
High-pressure liquid chromatographic gradient mixer
A gradient mixer effects the continuous mixing of any two miscible solvents without excessive decay or dispersion of the resultant isocratic effluent or of a linear or exponential gradient. The two solvents are fed under low or high pressure by means of two high performance liquid chromatographic pumps. The mixer comprises a series of ultra-low dead volume stainless steel tubes and low dead volume chambers. The two solvent streams impinge head-on at high fluxes. This initial nonhomogeneous mixture is then passed through a chamber packed with spirally-wound wires which cause turbulent mixing thereby homogenizing the mixture with minimum band-broadening.
Daughton, C.G.; Sakaji, R.H.
Progress in Heat Watch�Warning System Technology
Among all atmospheric hazards, heat is the most deadly. With such recent notable heat events as the Chicago Heat Wave of 1995, much effort has gone into redeveloping both the methods by which it is determined whether a day will be �oppressive,� ...
Scott C. Sheridan; Laurence S. Kalkstein
Hurricane Katrina (2005). Part I: Complex Life Cycle of an Intense Tropical Cyclone
The devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina (2005) on the Gulf Coast of the United States are without compare for natural disasters in recent times in North America. With over 1800 dead and insured losses near $40 billion (U.S. dollars), Katrina ...
Ron McTaggart-Cowan; Lance F. Bosart; John R. Gyakum; Eyad H. Atallah
Gaia's breath--global methane exhalations Keith A. Kvenvolden*, Bruce W. Rogers
the Dead Sea, and burning gas (methane) seeps in the Baku region of Azerbaijan were sites of fire complex in Azerbaijan that has been described in detail by Hovland et al. (1997). Azerbaijan is the world than 300 mud volcanoes located onshore of eastern Azerbaijan and offshore in the adjacent Caspian Sea
Microfluidic system with integrated electroosmotic pumps, concentration gradient generator and fish cell line (RTgill-W1)--towards water toxicity
, and the results were quantified using a Live/DeadTM cell assay. This work is a preliminary study cell line (RTgill-W1)--towards water toxicity testing Tomasz Glawdel,a Caglar Elbuken,a Lucy E. J. Leeb that incorporates electroosmotic pumps, a concentration gradient generator and a fish cell line (rainbow trout gill
Le Roy, Robert J.
Stabilisation and control of unstable first-order linear delay systems
This work considers the problem of stabilisation and control of first-order linear systems subject to input delay. As it is known, the stability analysis of this type of systems becomes difficult due to the term dead time considered. To solve the ...
B. Del-Muro-Cuellar; J. F. Marquez-Rubio; M. Velasco-Villa; J. Alvarez-Ramirez
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE Colloque C7, suppl6ment au no 11, Tome 47, Novembre 1986
evacuated to 10 mbar with liquid nitrogen trapped oil diffkion pump and rotary pump combination. Article in the image is a dead portion of the screen. It was followed by pumping with sputter ion pump and titanium qtter pump. After a mild bakeout a t about 130°C for six hours, pressure below 2 x 10- mbar w
Comparison of the spectral response of a thinned, backside illuminated CCD with a CsI coated MCP system and Kodak 101 film
A thinned backside illuminated CCD chip was calibrated by self consistently determining the thickness of its dead layer. Its spectral response and sensitivity were then compared with those of the calibrated Kodak 101 photographic plates and of a CsI coated microchannel plate detection system.
Li Yuelin; Crespo Lopex-Urrutia, J. R.; Tsakiris, G. D.; Sigel, R.; Volk, R.; Pina, L. [Max-Planck Institut fuer Quantenoptik, 85748, Garching (Germany); Czech Technical University, 18040 Prague (Czech Republic)
Climate Change and Forest VIRGINIA H. DALE, LINDA A. JOYCE, STEVE McNULTY, RONALD P NEILSON, MATTHEW P AYRES,
).For- est disturbances influence how much carbon is stored in trees or dead wood. All these natural in maturevegetation (Lugoand Scatena 1995).Hurricanescan also resultin buriedvegetation and carbon sinks. Windstorms. This understanding, however, is complicated by the diverse goals of forest man- agement (e.g.,fiber products
Halpern M, Gasith A, Bresler VM, Broza M. 2002. The protective nature of Chironomus luridus larval tubes against copper sulfate. 5pp. Journal of Insect Science, 2:8. Available online: insectscience.org/2.8
and chloramine than larvae within sand or silt tubes. These experiments demonstrated the protective nature, joined by tight junctions, also form a layer impermeable to these compounds. Injured or dead cells can in sand or silt tubes. Silt had a higher protective value for C. luridus larvae than sand tubes
Halpern, Malka
Marine Geology, 42 (1981) 133-153 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -Printed in The Netherlands
the program, the investigators benefited from cooperative arrangements with other agencies and interests. A feature of special importance to seep geology is the subcircular mud mound. The side-scan sonar mosaics or no backscatter ("dead eye", Figure 4). Some of the uniformly high backscatter patches were mud mounds, although
Jumars, Pete
Climate Research and Reinsurance*
Extreme weather events produce some of the most deadly and costly natural disasters and are a major concern of the catastrophe reinsurance industry. For example, in 1992 Hurricane Andrew caused over $20 billion (in 2002 U.S. dollars) in insured ...
Richard J. Murnane
Thoughts on Data and TTC Transmission for the Upgraded ATLAS Inner Detector Alex Grillo
not increase power over electrical readout. d. Provide a mechanism whereby a failed IC will not kill a much a dead chip should be employed. #12;e. In order to minimize electrical noise, all electrical. Something roughly matching the LVDS standard was adopted. 2. Transmission data rates and multiplexing
California at Santa Cruz, University of
Piston rod seal
In a piston rod seal of the type comprising a gland through which the piston rod is passed the piston is provided with a sleeve surrounding the piston rod and extending axially so as to axially partly overlap the gland when the piston is in its bottom dead center position.
Lindskoug, Stefan (Malmo, SE)
battery, map parcel, med
Attic *** book teachest Servant dictionary scarf [11] Winery demijohn battery, map AuntLair X] EastAnnex battery[4] Cupboard2 [2] mask DeadEnd rucksack AlisonWriting [16] TinyBalcony [17] gold key. [2] Need new torch battery (see [4]) to enter. Then get painting. [3] To please aunt, must move
Rosenthal, Jeffrey S.
Servant dictionary battery, map
Low-cost nanosecond electronic coincidence detector
We present a simple and low-cost implementation of a fast electronic coincidence detector based on PECL logic with a TTL-compatible interface. The detector has negligible dead time and the coincidence window is adjustable with a minimum width of 1 ns. Coincidence measurements of two independent sources of Bose-Einstein distributed photocounts are presented using different coincidence window widths.
Kim, T; Gorelik, P V; Wong, F N C; Kim, Taehyun; Fiorentino, Marco; Gorelik, Pavel V.; Wong, Franco N. C.
Laboratory System, Accession Summary Report T0701789, 2007. [14] B. Stager, A. Ruegamer, Tonopah Test Ranges a herd of 250 were found dead in the northwestern Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) in southern collected in February 2008 at the Nevada Testing and Training Range. Units in per mil (%). Sample d15 N NO3
Tingley, Joseph V.
A subpixel edge detector applied to aortic dissection detection
The aortic dissection is a disease that can cause a deadly situation, even with a correct treatment. It consists in a rupture of a layer of the aortic artery wall, causing a blood flow inside this rupture, called dissection. The aim of this paper is ... Keywords: Anisotropic diffusion, aortic dissection, subpixel edge detection
A. Trujillo-Pino; K. Krissian; D. Santana-Cedr�s; J. Esclar�n-Monreal; J. M. Carreira-Villamor
20 PLANET EARTH Spring 2012 Shale gas is the energy miracle that'll keep
20 PLANET EARTH Spring 2012 FEATURE Shale: no great shakes? Shale gas is the energy miracle that'll keep the lights on once the oil runs out. Or is it the looming menace that's going to trigger deadly Survey (BGS) to sort truth from fiction. Tom: What is shale gas and how do we get at it? Mike: Shale
Watson, Andrew
Wellcome Collection's First Major Temporary Exhibition ...Leonardo da Vinci Drawings, Andy Warhol Prints, Live Heart Surgery, Sacred Heart
The Heart Wellcome Collection's First Major Temporary Exhibition ...Leonardo da Vinci Drawings, Andy Warhol Prints, Live Heart Surgery, Sacred Heart Imagery Never Before Seen In Europe, Egyptian Book of the Dead, Foundling Cards, Venous Anatomy Tables... - The Heart book announced; writers include Jonathan
Maizels, Rick
How Much Does That Incinerator Cost?
Biosecurity on poultry farms includes proper disposal of dead carcasses. In many cases, that means using an incinerator. Calculating the cost of an incinerator means considering long and short-term expenses and the cost of fuel. This publication explains how to select the right size incinerator and calculate all associated costs.
Mukhtar, Saqib; Nash, Catherine; Harman, Wyatte; Padia, Reema
Virgil: objects on the head of a pin
Embedded microcontrollers are becoming increasingly prolific, serving as the primary or auxiliary processor in products and research systems from microwaves to sensor networks. Microcontrollers represent perhaps the most severely resource-constrained ... Keywords: data-sensitive optimization, dead code elimination, embedded systems, heap compression, microcontrollers, multi-stage computation, sensor networks, standalone programs, static analysis, systems software, whole-program compilation
Ben L. Titzer
Double slotted socket spherical joint
A new class of spherical joints is disclosed. These spherical joints are capable of extremely large angular displacements (full cone angles in excess of 270.degree.), while exhibiting no singularities or dead spots in their range of motion. These joints can improve or simplify a wide range of mechanical devices.
Bieg, Lothar F. (Albuquerque, NM); Benavides, Gilbert L. (Albuquerque, NM)
Impacts and Responses to the 1995 Heat Wave: A Call to Action
The short but intense heat wave in mid-July 1995 caused 830 deaths nationally, with 525 of these deaths in Chicago. Many of the dead were elderly. and the event raised great concern over why it happened. Assessment of causes for the heat wave-...
Stanley A. Changnon; Kenneth E. Kunkel; Beth C. Reinke
Geek-Up[09.17.2010] -- Water Blades, Biomass Conversion and Antineutrino Detection
Scientists have engineered a blade of water that�s strong enough and fast enough to penetrate through steel, which will help soldiers in Afghanistan disable deadly IEDs, plus researchers are currently testing an aboveground water-based antineutrino detector that will improve monitoring capabilities at nuclear facilities.
Criterion Five: Engagement and Service As called for by its mission, IUPUI identifies its constituencies
-faced man whose hair tur~ed gray after a terrible experiem1ce WIth the Blackfeet, to the IndIans known's men were slaughtered by the Blackfeet near the mouth of Smith's River; seven of the Missouri Fur Com to its snag-filled, turbid channels and the deadly Blackfeet infesting its headwaters. The rolling brown
Zhou, Yaoqi
Improving data fusion in personal positioning systems for outdoor environments
A fault detection and correction methodology for personal positioning systems for outdoor environments is presented. We demonstrate its successful use in a system consisting of a global positioning system receiver and an inertial measurement unit. Localization ... Keywords: Adaptive Kalman filtering, Causal diagnosis, Chi-square test, Dead reckoning, Fault detection, Pedestrian positioning
E. Pulido Herrera; H. Kaufmann; J. Secue; R. Quir�S; G. Fabregat
CO{sub 2} flux measurements across portions of the Dixie Valley geothermal system, Nevada
A map of the CO{sub 2} flux across a newly formed area of plant kill in the NW part of the Dixie Valley geothermal system was constructed to monitor potential growth of a fumarole field. Flux measurements were recorded using a LI-COR infrared analyzer. Sample locations were restricted to areas within and near the dead zone. The data delineate two areas of high CO{sub 2} flux in different topographic settings. Older fumaroles along the Stillwater range front produce large volumes of CO{sub 2} at high temperatures. High CO{sub 2} flux values were also recorded at sites along a series of recently formed ground fractures at the base of the dead zone. The two areas are connected by a zone of partial plant kill and moderate flux on an alluvial fan. Results from this study indicate a close association between the range front fumaroles and the dead zone fractures. The goals of this study are to characterize recharge to the geothermal system, provide geochemical monitoring of reservoir fluids and to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of the CO{sub 2} flux in the dead zone. This paper reports the results of the initial CO{sub 2} flux measurements taken in October, 1997.
Bergfeld, D.; Goff, F. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Earth and Environmental Sciences Div.; Janik, C.J. [Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA (United States); Johnson, S.D. [Oxbow Power Services, Reno, NV (United States)
Constraining oceanic dust deposition using surface ocean dissolved Al
Constraining oceanic dust deposition using surface ocean dissolved Al Qin Han,1 J. Keith Moore,1; accepted 7 December 2007; published 12 April 2008. [1] We use measurements of ocean surface dissolved Al (DEAD) model to constrain dust deposition to the oceans. Our Al database contains all available
Moore, Keith
Constraining Oceanic dust deposition using surface 1 ocean dissolved Al 2
Constraining Oceanic dust deposition using surface 1 ocean dissolved Al 2 Qin Han, J. Keith Moore, Charles Zender, Chris Measures, David Hydes 3 Abstract 4 We use measurements of ocean surface dissolved Al and Deposition 6 (DEAD) model, to constrain dust deposition to the oceans. Our Al database contains 7 all
Zender, Charles
Radiation Protection Guide For Medical Use of Radioactive Materials &
/Security Threat Possession of Deadly Weapons by Patients, Visitors, or Staff Bomb Threat UI Public Safety 335 LIMITS and ASSESSMENT 6 3.1 Maximum Permissible Dose Limits 6 3.1.1 Radiation Workers 5 3.1.2 Declared Assessment 10 #12;v 4.0 RADIATION SAFETY TRAINING REQUIREMENTS 10 4.1 Initial Radiation Safety Training 10 4
Paper to be presented at the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting,
Paper to be presented at the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting, Baltimoreth , 2001 attacks , the "dead wrong" evaluation of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction ("Report: Iraq Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, 2005, March 31). However, in this paper, we argue that this lack
Petrick, Irene J.
Characterization of single wall carbon nanotubes by nonane preadsorption
25 A° range; however nanotubes with $1016 A° diameters make the main fraction. Nano- tubes are bundled measurement. A filler rod was utilized to decrease the dead volume of the adsorption tube and to enhance be very helpful for determining a fraction of opened tubes for car- bon nanotube materials with tube
Liu, Jie
Abstract-Homing and navigation capabilities are essential for many Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Abstract- Homing and navigation capabilities are essential for many Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, speed bias and underwater currents affect dead-reckoning measurements. All operation need to have INTRODUCTION Actually, there is a real challenge on application of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, particularly
Nano-Machines Achieve Huge Mechanical Breakthrough
NANO TECH Nano-Machines Achieve Huge Mechanical Breakthrough Dublin, Ireland (SPX) Sep 08, 2005 that use molecular 'nano'-machines of this kind to help perform physical tasks. Nano-machines could also owners set to return to battered Orleans l Six dead, two missing after heavy rains hit Page 1 of 3Nano
Leigh, David A.
A Unified Flash Flood Database across the United States
Despite flash flooding being one of the most deadly and costly weather-related natural hazards worldwide, individual datasets to characterize them in the United States are hampered by limited documentation and can be difficult to access. This study is the ...
Jonathan J. Gourley; Yang Hong; Zachary L. Flamig; Ami Arthur; Robert Clark; Martin Calianno; Isabelle Ruin; Terry Ortel; Michael E. Wieczorek; Pierre-Emmanuel Kirstetter; Edward Clark; Witold F. Krajewski
Tuning three-term controllers for power station processes
This paper presents a new approach for tuning three-term control loops encountered in power station processes. The proposed approach is based on the Pseudo-Derivative Feedback (PDF) control configuration. Simple methods are presented for tuning the PDF ... Keywords: controller tuning, dead-time processes, power plant control, process control
K. G. Arvanitis; G. D. Pasgianos; A. K. Boglou
Gender and the homoerotic logic of torture at Abu Ghraib
The focus of this dissertation is a social and cultural theoretical analysis of the empirical data regarding the prison abuse that occurred at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq by American forces. I provide the following: an examination of the photographs of abuse that were leaked to the press in the fall of 2003; an analysis of both Lynndie England�s and Sabrina Harman�s courts-martial (two of the �rotten apples�); a discussion of the body associated with punishment and torture, and also as marked in ways of identification; and an assessment of additional representations regarding prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib. Throughout this analysis, I use gender as a lens to understand Abu Ghraib and the subsequent courts-martial. It is important to note that I gained access to and was intimately involved as a graduate researcher for Dr. Stjepan G. Mestrovic, an expert for the defense, and experienced the events of the trials themselves, first-hand and during closed counsel and open session. The empirical data provided is drawn primarily from first-hand qualitative research that involved participant-observation of two trials, interaction with soldiers and officers, and analysis of both documents pertaining to the trial as well as the photographs of abuse themselves, among other things. I incorporate cultural studies, feminist and sociological theory (modern and postmodern), and feminist philosophy so as to provide a theoretical analysis of the abuse at Abu Ghraib and the subsequent courts-martial focused on gender and sexuality. The result of this dissertation is a social and cultural theoretical analysis of the empirical data regarding the prison abuse that occurred at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq by American forces, where women, gender, and sexuality are shown to be important criteria for examination. Specifically, the results of this project highlight areas that current analyses of the abuse at Abu Ghraib have left out: how women fit into American military politics, how gender functions as power within the military, how gender is socially constructed in the military in terms of heterosexuality, and how both gender and sexuality are used as weapons by the American military. This kind of examination is useful in future policy considerations for the military and for detainee treatment, where analyses of women, gender, sexuality, and power have been so far neglected in any serious way, and even by sociologists Phillip Zimbardo and the application of his Stanford Prison Study to the events of Abu Ghraib.
Caldwell, Ryan Ashley
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012-0028-DNA | Open Energy Information
C010-2012-0028-DNA C010-2012-0028-DNA Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home NEPA Document Collection for: DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012-0028-DNA DNA at Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area for Geothermal/Well Field {{{NEPA_Name}}} General NEPA Document Info Energy Sector Geothermal energy Environmental Analysis Type DNA Applicant Ormat Technologies Inc Geothermal Area Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area Project Location California Project Phase Geothermal/Well Field Techniques Flow Test, Injectivity Test Comments Sundry Notice: Flow Test Well 85-11 and simultaneously Inject Test Well 68-1 and 24A-6 Time Frame (days) Participating Agencies Lead Agency BLM Funding Agency none provided Managing District Office Carson City Managing Field Office Stillwater Funding Agencies none provided
Climate change cripples forests
Climate change cripples forests Climate change cripples forests Climate change cripples forests A team of scientists concluded that in the warmer and drier Southwest of the near future, widespread tree mortality will cause forest and species distributions to change substantially. October 1, 2012 A dead pinon at the edge of the Grand Canyon, harbinger of the future for trees in the Southwest United States. Photo courtesy A. Park Williams. A dead pinon at the edge of the Grand Canyon, harbinger of the future for trees in the Southwest United States. Photo courtesy A. Park Williams. Contact Nancy Ambrosiano Communications Office (505) 667-0471 Email "There will still be wet winters, but they will more often be followed by warm summers, putting stress on trees and limiting their ability to respond
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2013-0007-DNA | Open Energy Information
07-DNA 07-DNA Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home NEPA Document Collection for: DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2013-0007-DNA DNA at Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area for Geothermal/Well Field {{{NEPA_Name}}} General NEPA Document Info Energy Sector Geothermal energy Environmental Analysis Type DNA Applicant Ormat Technologies Inc Geothermal Area Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area Project Location California Project Phase Geothermal/Well Field Techniques Observation Wells Comments Geothermal Drilling Permit Well 38-12 Time Frame (days) Participating Agencies Lead Agency BLM Funding Agency none provided Managing District Office Carson City Managing Field Office Stillwater Funding Agencies none provided Surface Manager BLM Mineral Manager BLM Selected Dates
Microsoft Word - CX-GrandCoulee-BellNo5InsultatorFY13_WEB.docx
3 3 REPLY TO ATTN OF: KEP-4 SUBJECT: Environmental Clearance Memorandum Stacie Hensley Project Manager - TEP-TPP-4 Proposed Action: Grand Coulee-Bell No. 5 Dead End Insulator Replacement Project Budget Information: Work Order #00339638 PP&A Project No.: 2699 Categorical Exclusion Applied (from Subpart D, 10 C.F.R. Part 1021): B1.3, Routine maintenance Proposed by: Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Location: Grant and Lincoln counties, Washington, in BPA's Spokane Operations and Maintenance District. Townships, Ranges, and Sections crossed by the proposed project are listed below (Table 1). Table 1. Townships, Ranges, and Sections for the Grand Coulee-Bell No.5 Dead End Insulator Replacement Project. Township Range Sections
The Package Matters | Advanced Photon Source
Disarming Deadly South American Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses Disarming Deadly South American Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses Pull-Chain "Polymer" Solves Puzzle of Complex Molecular Packing Discovering New Talents for Diamond Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed The Package Matters MARCH 23, 2010 Bookmark and Share Packing ammonia borane into mesoporous silica leads to a remarkable enhancement of the hydrogen storage properties. This image shows the molecular configuration of the packed ammonia borane (while spheres are hydrogen). When it comes to squeezing hydrogen out of ammonia borane the packaging matters, according to scientists from three U.S. Department of Energy national labs. Ammonia borane releases hydrogen with heating by a
CX-003787: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
87: Categorical Exclusion Determination 87: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-003787: Categorical Exclusion Determination John Day-Big Eddy Number 2 500-Kilovolt Transmission Line Reconductor CX(s) Applied: B4.6 Date: 09/07/2010 Location(s): Sherman County, Oregon Office(s): Bonneville Power Administration Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) proposes to reconductor 3 approximately 1-mile long sections of the John Day-Big Eddy Number 2 500-kilovolt transmission line. The project involves removing the existing conductor from the John Day Substation Dead End to tower 2/1, from tower 9/4 to tower 10/1, and from tower 18/4 to Big Eddy Substation Dead End and replacing it with the upgraded conductor. Additional work includes replacement of conductor hardware, replacement of insulators, installation
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012-0050-EA | Open Energy Information
EA EA Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home NEPA Document Collection for: DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012-0050-EA EA at Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area for Geothermal/Well Field, Geothermal/Power Plant Wild Rose Geothermal Project General NEPA Document Info Energy Sector Geothermal energy Environmental Analysis Type EA Applicant Ormat Technologies Inc Consultant EMPSi Geothermal Area Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area Project Location California Project Phase Geothermal/Well Field, Geothermal/Power Plant Techniques Development Drilling, Drilling Techniques Time Frame (days) Application Time 245 Participating Agencies Lead Agency BLM Funding Agency none provided Managing District Office Carson City Managing Field Office Stillwater Funding Agencies none provided
Climate Change Cripples Forests Climate Change Cripples Forests Climate change cripples forests A team of scientists concluded that in the warmer and drier Southwest of the near future, widespread tree mortality will cause forest and species distributions to change substantially. October 1, 2012 A dead pinon at the edge of the Grand Canyon, harbinger of the future for trees in the Southwest United States. Photo courtesy A. Park Williams. A dead pinon at the edge of the Grand Canyon, harbinger of the future for trees in the Southwest United States. Photo courtesy A. Park Williams. Contact Nancy Ambrosiano Communications Office (505) 667-0471 Email "There will still be wet winters, but they will more often be followed by warm summers, putting stress on trees and limiting their ability to respond
Pumping Through the Middle Crust | Advanced Photon Source
Looking for Ways to Improve Vaccines Against the Deadly Rotavirus Looking for Ways to Improve Vaccines Against the Deadly Rotavirus A "Colossal" Magnetic Effect under Pressure Using High Pressure to Reveal Quantum Criticality in an Elemental Antiferromagnet Nano Changes Have Macro Importance for a Key Electronics Material Squeezing an Old Material Could Yield "Instant-On" Memory Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed Pumping Through the Middle Crust JULY 29, 2009 Bookmark and Share The rock outcrop west of Alice Springs, central Australia, where the hand specimen was collected. The outcrop is characterized by a shear zone (from bottom left to upper right corner of the image) that formed in about 15-km
NPP Grassland: Tullgarnsnäset, Sweden
Tullgarnsnäset, Sweden, 1968-1969 Tullgarnsnäset, Sweden, 1968-1969 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Wallentinus, H. G., and G. Tyler. 1997. NPP Grassland: Tullgarnsnäset, Sweden, 1968-1969. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a sea-shore meadow was studied from 1968 to 1969 at Tullgarnsnäset, near Stockholm, Sweden. Measurements of above-ground live biomass and total dead matter were made approximately monthly. Below-ground biomass was measured, but data were not reported. Above-ground net primary production was estimated by several methods, including peak total live and dead, and accounting for mortality determined by several different methods.
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2013-0023-DNA | Open Energy Information
3-0023-DNA 3-0023-DNA DNA at Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area for Geothermal/Well Field {{{NEPA_Name}}} General NEPA Document Info Energy Sector Geothermal energy Environmental Analysis Type DNA Applicant Ormat Technologies Inc Geothermal Area Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area Project Location California Project Phase Geothermal/Well Field Techniques Observation Wells Time Frame (days) Participating Agencies Lead Agency BLM Funding Agency none provided Managing District Office Carson City Managing Field Office Stillwater Funding Agencies none provided Surface Manager BLM Mineral Manager BLM Selected Dates Application Document Type GPD Decision Document Date 1/31/2013 Relevant Numbers Lead Agency Doc Number DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2013-0023-DNA Serial Number NVN-083929 Lease Numbers
Property:Reference material | Open Energy Information
Reference material Reference material Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Reference material Property Type Page Description The reference material used or cited in the work, activity or concept which is the subject of the page. Pages using the property "Reference material" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) 2 2-M Probe At Alum Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) + Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse Wells, Hawthorne Army Depot, Terraced Hills, And Other Areas In Nevada + 2-M Probe At Astor Pass Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) + Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse Wells, Hawthorne Army Depot, Terraced Hills, And Other Areas In Nevada + 2-M Probe At Black Warrior Area (DOE GTP) + GTP ARRA Spreadsheet +
NGMS-105 NGMS-105 A Forecast of Marginal Natural Gas and Oil Well Data Topical Report By: J. Remson June, 2005 FOR TMENT OF ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY Work Performed Under Contract No. DE-AD26-01NT00612 Northrop Grumman Mission Systems ion Don U. S. DEPAR Information & Technical Services Divis Tulsa, Oklahoma NGMS-105 A Forecast of Marginal Natural Gas and Oil Well Data Topical Report By Don J. Remson June, 2005 Prepared For U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory Work Performed under Contract No. DE-AD26-00NT00612 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012-0035-DNA | Open Energy Information
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012-0035-DNA DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012-0035-DNA Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home NEPA Document Collection for: DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012-0035-DNA DNA at Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area for Geothermal/Well Field {{{NEPA_Name}}} General NEPA Document Info Energy Sector Geothermal energy Environmental Analysis Type DNA Applicant Ormat Technologies Inc Geothermal Area Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area Project Location California Project Phase Geothermal/Well Field Techniques Production Wells Comments Geothermal Drilling Permits 12-A-12, 54A-11, 62-11, and Sundry Notice Well 65-11 Time Frame (days) Participating Agencies Lead Agency BLM Funding Agency none provided Managing District Office Carson City Managing Field Office Stillwater Funding Agencies none provided
DOE Joint Genome Institute: Model Microbial Community for Studying
October 22, 2009 October 22, 2009 Model Microbial Community for Studying Expanding Dead Zones Characterized WALNUT CREEK, CA-Among the many changes in the ocean is the expansion of oxygen-deficient or oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), also known as dead zones, which affect the processes by which carbon is captured and sequestered on the seafloor and alter the microbial activities that impact the rate and magnitude of ocean carbon sequestration. Despite the importance of these effects, very little is known about the metabolism of OMZ microbes and how they respond to environmental changes. In the Oct. 23 issue of the journal Science, researchers from the University of British Columbia and the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI) describe the metagenome of an abundant but
Chasing a common cold virus | Argonne National Laboratory
Robert Fischetti (left), Glen Nemerow (center) and Vijay Reddy load samples at the Advanced Photon Source. Robert Fischetti (left), Glen Nemerow (center) and Vijay Reddy load samples at the Advanced Photon Source. Robert Fischetti (left), Glen Nemerow (center) and Vijay Reddy load samples at the Advanced Photon Source. Chasing a common cold virus By Susheela Bhat * October 19, 2012 Tweet EmailPrint As the cold and flu season makes its annual visit, a team of researchers, using Argonne's Advanced Photon Source, continue to complete a detailed map of the human adenovirus-one of several viruses responsible for the common cold. Although human adenovirus is usually not deadly, it is a seasonal nuisance to some and can cause deadly infections in others. In the early 1990s, Glen Nemerow, professor and principal investigator at the Immunology and Microbial Science division of The Scripps Institute,
Liao-020713 - Argonne National Laboratories, Materials Sicence Division
Liao-020713 Liao-020713 MATERIALS SCIENCE SEMINAR SPEAKER: Zhaoliang Liao Louisiana State University TITLE: The dead layer and critical behavior of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 ultra thin film DATE: Thursday, February 07, 2013 TIME: 2:00 p.m. PLACE: Building 223 / S-105 HOST: Anand Bhattacharya ABSTRACT: "Dead layer"-the insulating behavior in ultrathin films of metallic oxides-is an intriguing property of thin TMO films. The question is, is this effect caused by dimensional confinement, or by the interface, strain, segregation, impurity, or stoichiometry. Utilizing UHV Laser-MBE growth technique, we have systematically studied the thickness-dependence of structure/properties for La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) on SrTiO3(001) by using in-situ characterization such as LEED, XPS and STM, and ex-situ transport
NPP Grassland: Beacon Hill, U.K.
Beacon Hill, U.K., 1972-1973 Beacon Hill, U.K., 1972-1973 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: General view of study site in 1973 (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Williamson, P., and J. Pitman. 1998. NPP Grassland: Beacon Hill, U.K., 1972-1973. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a chalk grassland was studied from 1972 to 1973 at Beacon Hill, West Sussex, U.K. Measurements of above-ground live biomass and total dead matter were made approximately bi-monthly. Above-ground net primary production was estimated by several methods, including peak live biomass, peak total live and dead, and accounting for turnover determined from
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2011-0517-DNA | Open Energy Information
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2011-0517-DNA DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2011-0517-DNA Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home NEPA Document Collection for: DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2011-0517-DNA DNA at Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area for Geothermal/Exploration {{{NEPA_Name}}} General NEPA Document Info Energy Sector Geothermal energy Environmental Analysis Type DNA Applicant Ormat Technologies Inc Geothermal Area Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Area Project Location California Project Phase Geothermal/Exploration Techniques Drilling Techniques Time Frame (days) Application Time 26 Participating Agencies Lead Agency BLM Funding Agency none provided Managing District Office Carson City Managing Field Office Stillwater Funding Agencies none provided Surface Manager BLM Mineral Manager BLM Selected Dates
Science Summary
25, 2008 25, 2008 » Links Scientific Highlight Saphire Website Scripps Press Release Tracking Ebola, Scripps At the Forefront » Share this Article Laboratree Ologeez SciLink LabSpaces Revealing a Structural Weakness of the Deadly Ebolavirus summary written by Brad Plummer, SLAC Communication Office Scientists are one step closer to conquering the deadly Ebolavirus, thanks to research conducted at SSRL structural biology Beam Lines 9-2 and 11-1 and ALS Beam Line 5.02 by a team of researchers led by Erica Ollmann Saphire from The Scripps Research Institute. The results were published in the July 10 edition of the journal Nature. Using macromolecular crystallography techniques, the team solved the structure of a protein on the Ebolavirus's surface, called glycoprotein GP,
Variable displacement blower
A blower having a stationary casing for rotatably supporting a rotor assembly having a series of open ended chambers arranged to close against the surrounding walls of the casing. Pistons are slidably mounted within each chamber with the center of rotation of the pistons being offset in regard to the center of rotation of the rotor assembly whereby the pistons reciprocate in the chambers as the rotor assembly turns. As inlet port communicates with the rotor assembly to deliver a working substance into the chamber as the pistons approach a top dead center position in the chamber while an outlet port also communicates with the rotor to exhaust the working substance as the pistons approach a bottom dead center position. The displacement of the blower is varied by adjusting the amount of eccentricity between the center of rotation of the pistons and the center of rotation of the rotor assembly.
Bookout, Charles C. (Niskayuna, NY); Stotts, Robert E. (Clifton Park, NY); Waring, Douglass R. (Ballston Spa, NY); Folsom, Lawrence R. (Ohain, BE)
Herwig++ Monte Carlo At Next-To-Leading Order for e+e- annihilation and lepton pair production.
Divergences in Mqq� in dead region D 44 G.1.1 Region D : (0, 1), (0, ?1) 44 G.1.2 Region D : (1, 0) 45 G.2 Divergences in Mqg in dead region D 46 G.3 Divergences in (M ? MC)qq� in jet region J 46 G.4 Divergences in (M ? MC)qg in jet region J 47 1. Introduction... ++ evolution variables, z and q� in (3.6) [15]: dP (q ? qg) = CF 2? ?S [z 2(1? z)2q�2]dq� 2 q�2 dz 1? z [1 + z 2 ? 2m 2 zq�2 ] (3.6) where z is the momentum fraction of the quark after gluon emission relative to the parent quark and q� is an angular variable...
Latunde-Dada, Oluseyi
High rate 4. pi. beta. -. gamma. coincidence counting system
A high count rate 4..pi.. ..beta..-..gamma.. coincidence counting system for the determination of absolute disintegration rates of short half-life radionuclides is described. With this system the dead time per pulse is minimized by not stretching any pulses beyond the width necessary to satisfy overlap coincidence requirements. The equations used to correct for the ..beta.., ..gamma.., and coincidence channel dead times and for accidental coincidences are presented but not rigorously developed. Experimental results are presented for a decaying source of /sup 56/Mn initially at 2 x 10/sup 6/ d/s and a set of /sup 60/Co sources of accurately known source strengths varying from 10/sup 3/ to 2 x 10/sup 6/ d/s. A check of the accidental coincidence equation for the case of two independent sources with varying source strengths is presented.
Johnson, L.O.; Gehrke, R.J.
Day 2 - Thurs Plenary 3 - Dave Thomas.ppt
DEAD IN 7 MINUTES DEAD IN 7 MINUTES "But, it can't happen to me." TAKE-AWAY MINDFULNESS IS A "PRACTICAL" TOOL IN FOREST FIREFIGHTING OBJECTIVES v Mindfulness v Up's and down's v Practical Tips South Canyon Fatality Area, August 1994 Shame & Stupidity WEICK & SUTCLIFFE Disconfirm Expectations If we just follow our procedures, checklists, plans, events will unfold as we think they should. "H2 would not be a great risk...light fuels & rocky areas in Cache Bar..." 1. Preoccupation with failure "Any lapse is seen as symptom that something could be wrong with the larger system." Weick/Sutcliffe 2. Reluctance to Simplify Relentless attack on simplification. 3. Sensitivity to Operations Seeing what is actually going on: the "Big Picture"
What about tissue helminths? Filarial nematodes eg
malayi Mosquito Mite wormrecovery BALB/c C57BL/6 Litomosoides sigmodontis: susceptible and resistant dying/dead nematodes in `resistant' C57BL/6 mice Day 8 Moult L3 to L4 Day 22 - 25 Moult L4 to adult Day: susceptible and resistant strains (55) (121) (56) (91) 25% 0% (79) (74) C57BL/6 IL-4KO #12;2 Adults IL-5 & IFN
Allen, Judith
The Bureau of Mines shock-prevention research program - An overview
The purpose of the US Department of Interior's Bureau of Mines shock-prevention research program is to improve general electrical safety in mines by preventing shock and electrocution through investigation of protective devices and equipment design. Research has focused on several areas having underground and surface application. Recent results highlighted and current projects summarized for sensitive ground, fault protection, dead front construction, shielded trailing cables, earth grounding, and overhead powerline safety.
Yenchek, M.R.
Regional Economic Impacts of Electric Drive Vehicles and Technologies: Case Study of the Greater Cleveland Area
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which combine desirable aspects of battery electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, offer owners the advantages of increased fuel efficiency and lower annual fuel bills without concern for dead batteries, long recharge time, or limited range. This study examines the potential regional economic impacts due to increasing electric transportation in the Greater Cleveland Area (GCA). By applying regional input-output (RIO) analysis, the study determines the imp...
. The accident occurred at 7:51 p.m., and Kucera was pro- nounced dead at 9:37 p.m. at John Peter Smith Hospital showing anything in Kucera's system would take 60 to 90 Student dies after car accident oBituary The 20- sassination of a lebanese opponent of damascus. The blast, a new blow to the stability of this conflict
Brye, Kristofor R.
Department fur Informatik der Fakultat II, Informatik,
Damm, Werner
Biomass growth restriction in a packed bed reactor
When carrying out continuous biologically catalyzed reactions with anaerobic microorganisms attached to a support in an upflow packed bed column, growth of the microorganisms is restricted to prevent the microorganisms from plugging the column by limiting the availability of an essential nutrient and/or by the presence of predatory protozoa which consume the anaerobic microorganisms. A membrane disruptive detergent may be provided in the column to lyse dead microorganisms to make them available as nutrients for live microorganisms.
Griffith, William L. (Oak Ridge, TN); Compere, Alicia L. (Knoxville, TN)
Volume 131, Number 50 tech.mit.edu Friday, November 4, 2011 Oldest and Largest
the nuclear promise, it was already dead OPINION, p. 4 FROM THE dESk OF THE 1 pERCENT Oh, sure, the 1 percentD comics chats with us, on video! VIDEO, p. 10 CITy COUNCIl ElECTIONS, pART II Familiarize yourself'd like to improve communications across the board," Anderson said. One of the initiatives Anderson would
3D Technologies for Large Area Trackers
We describe technologies which can be developed to produce large area, low cost pixelated tracking detec- tors. These utilize wafer-scale 3D electronics and sensor technologies currently being developed in industry. This can result in fully active sensor/readout chip tiles which can be assembled into large area arrays with good yield and minimal dead area. The ability to connect though the bulk of the device can also provide better electrical performance and lower mass.
Deptuch, G; Johnson, M; Kenney, C; Lipton, R; Narian, M; Parker, S; Shenai, A; Spiegel, L; Thom, J; Ye, Z
G. Deptuch; U. Heintz; M. Johnson; C. Kenney; R. Lipton; M. Narian; S. Parker; A. Shenai; L. Spiegel; J. Thom; Z. Ye
Live Work on High Temperature Conductors
Feedback from field personnel working with high-temperature conductors indicates that when a dead-end compression yoke assembly (DCYA) is installed on the conductor according to normal utility procedures, the soft aluminum strands are deformed and "birdcage." This is of course a concern to the field crews and the utility operating the line. This report presents results of research and tests performed on selected conductors operating at high temperature (approximately 250-260�C) with selected live wor...
Extending operating range of a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine via cylinder deactivation
An HCCI engine has the ability to operate over a large load range by utilizing a lower cetane distillate diesel fuel to increase ignition delay. This permits more stable operation at high loads by avoidance of premature combustion before top dead center. During low load conditions, a portion of the engines cylinders are deactivated so that the remaining cylinders can operate at a pseudo higher load while the overall engine exhibits behavior typical of a relatively low load.
Hergart, Carl-Anders (Peoria, IL); Hardy, William L. (Peoria, IL); Duffy, Kevin P. (Metamora, IL); Liechty, Michael P. (Chillicothe, IL)
Analysis of lexical signatures for improving information persistence on the World Wide Web
A lexical signature (LS) consisting of several key words from a Web document is often sufficient information for finding the document later, even if its URL has changed. We conduct a large-scale empirical study of nine methods for generating ... Keywords: Broken URLs, TREC, World Wide Web, dead links, digital libraries, indexing, information retrieval, inverse document frequency, lexical signatures, robust hyperlinks, search engines, term frequency
Seung-Taek Park; David M. Pennock; C. Lee Giles; Robert Krovetz
Materials Reliability Program: Experimental Study of Stress Corrosion Cracking Initiation in Austenitic Stainless Steels in Off-Normal Chemistry PWR Primary Water Environments (MRP-363)
PWR operating experience of Type 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels and their L grade equivalents in PWR primary circuits has been generally excellent, but a recent review of all known incidents of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of austenitic stainless steels exposed to PWR primary water environments identified a significant number of incidents that occurred in low flow or stagnant zones in dead leg situations where the primary water chemistry was probably contaminated by impurities. The ...
Trigger-disabling Acquisition System for Quantum Key Distribution failsafe against Self-blinding
Modern single-photon detectors based on avalanche photodiodes offer increasingly higher triggering speeds, thus fostering their use in several fields, prominently in the recent area of Quantum Key Distribution. To reduce the probability of an afterpulse, these detectors are usually equipped with a circuitry that disables the trigger for a certain time after a positive detection event, known as dead time. If the acquisition system connected to the detector is not properly designed, efficiency issues arise when the triggering rate is faster than the inverse of detector's dead-time. Moreover, when this happens with two or more detectors used in coincidence, a security risk called "self-blinding" can jeopardize the distribution of a secret quantum key. In this paper we introduce a trigger-disabling circuitry based on an FPGA-driven feedback loop, so to avoid the above-mentioned inconveniences. In the regime of single-photon-attenuated light, the electronics dynamically accept a trigger only after detectors' complete recovery from dead-time. This technique proves useful to work with detectors at their maximum speed and to increase the security of a quantum key distribution setup.
M. Bawaj; M. Lucamarini; R. Natali; G. Di Giuseppe; P. Tombesi
Three dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of sodium ions using stochastic excitation and oscillating gradients
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic imaging of {sup 23}Na holds promise as a non-invasive method of mapping Na{sup +} distributions, and for differentiating pools of Na{sup +} ions in biological tissues. However, due to NMR relaxation properties of {sup 23}Na in vivo, a large fraction of Na{sup +} is not visible with conventional NMR imaging methods. An alternate imaging method, based on stochastic excitation and oscillating gradients, has been developed which is well adapted to measuring nuclei with short T{sub 2}. Contemporary NMR imaging techniques have dead times of up to several hundred microseconds between excitation and sampling, comparable to the shortest in vivo {sup 23}Na T{sub 2} values, causing significant signal loss. An imaging strategy based on stochastic excitation has been developed which greatly reduces experiment dead time by reducing peak radiofrequency (RF) excitation power and using a novel RF circuit to speed probe recovery. Continuously oscillating gradients are used to eliminate transient eddy currents. Stochastic {sup 1}H and {sup 23}Na spectroscopic imaging experiments have been performed on a small animal system with dead times as low as 25{mu}s, permitting spectroscopic imaging with 100% visibility in vivo. As an additional benefit, the encoding time for a 32x32x32 spectroscopic image is under 30 seconds. The development and analysis of stochastic NMR imaging has been hampered by limitations of the existing phase demodulation reconstruction technique. Three dimensional imaging was impractical due to reconstruction time, and design and analysis of proposed experiments was limited by the mathematical intractability of the reconstruction method. A new reconstruction method for stochastic NMR based on Fourier interpolation has been formulated combining the advantage of a several hundredfold reduction in reconstruction time with a straightforward mathematical form.
Frederick, B.deB. [California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States)]|[Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2010-0006-EA | Open Energy Information
-EA -EA Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home NEPA Document Collection for: DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2010-0006-EA EA at Gabbs Valley Geothermal Area for Geothermal/Exploration Gabbs Valley and Dead Horse Wells Geothermal Exploration Projects General NEPA Document Info Energy Sector Geothermal energy Environmental Analysis Type EA Applicant Ormat Technologies Inc Consultant Environmental Management Associates Geothermal Area Gabbs Valley Geothermal Area Project Location Nevada Project Phase Geothermal/Exploration Techniques Downhole Techniques, Drilling Techniques, Exploration Drilling, Well Testing Techniques Time Frame (days) Application Time 363 NEPA Process Time 363 Participating Agencies Lead Agency BLM Funding Agency none provided Managing District Office Carson City
Organoclay Sorbent for Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Gas Streams at Low Temperatures
Organoclay Sorbent for Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Gas Organoclay Sorbent for Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Gas Streams at Low Temperatures Contact NETL Technology Transfer Group firstname.lastname@example.com October 2012 Significance * Energy mixing is maximized * Mobilizing of the particulates is complete * No "dead zones" exist * Packing of material is minimized * Eroding effects are significantly reduced Applications * Mixing nuclear waste at Hanford * Any similar industrial process involving heavy solids in a carrier fluid Opportunity Research is currently active on the patent-pending technology "Organoclay Sorbent for Removal of Carbon Dioxide from
SSRL HEADLINES June 2004
2 June, 2004 2 June, 2004 __________________________________________________________________________ Contents of this Issue: Science Highlight - Anthrax Toxin - Working Towards an Antidote Linac Coherent Light Source Project Update Progress Made During SPPS Spring Run William E. Spicer, 1929 - 2004, Cofounder of SSRL and Pioneer in Photoemission Spectroscopy Welcoming Visitors to SSRL User Operations Update Emittance Measurement in SPEAR3 Upcoming Events at SSRL and Elsewhere User Administration Update __________________________________________________________________________ 1. Science Highlight - Anthrax Toxin - Working Towards an Antidote (contact: Thiang Yian Wong, firstname.lastname@example.com) Anthrax makes a deadly cocktail of three toxin proteins that flood the bloodstream, leading to rapid death if the infection is not diagnosed and
Distinguished Lecturers Series
Videos Videos Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Environmental Energy Technologies Division Distinguished Lecture Series Environmental Energy Technologies Division Distinguished Lecture Series Videos Long Fuse, Big Bang: Thomas Edison, Electricity, and the Locus of Innovation Andrew Hargadon, October 22, 2012 Climate Change Hits Home: Impacts on the Built Environment and Health John Spengler, June 18, 2012 High Comfort-Low Impact, From Buildings to Cities Matthias Schuler, April 30, 2012 Emissions Trading and Climate Finance: Is 2012 the Dead End or the Crossroads? Marc Stuart, January 27, 2012 Advances in Global Climate Modeling for Scientific Understanding and Predictability V. Ramaswamy, October 7, 2011 How is Building Energy Use Related to Occupant Behaviors and Building Usage
Microsoft Word - SPR Final Report 061705.doc
U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inspector General Office of Inspections and Special Inquiries Inspection Report Review of Security at the Strategic Petroleum Reserve DOE/IG-0693 June 2005 * Similarly, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve's deadly force policy may not be consistent with the Reserve's critical infrastructure designation. * Opportunities exist for some protective force performance tests to be more realistic; often the threat level (Security Condition) is elevated for certain tests, which provides for additional protective force personnel to defend the site during the tests. Performance tests are used to evaluate the effectiveness of protective forces in response to various
Characteristics of Signals Originating near the Lithium-Diffused N+ Contact of High Purity Germanium P-Type Point Contact Detectors
A study of signals originating near the lithium-diffused n+ contact of p-type point contact (PPC) high purity germanium detectors (HPGe) is presented. The transition region between the active germanium and the fully dead layer of the n+ contact is examined. Energy depositions in this transition region are shown to result in partial charge collection. This provides a mechanism for events with a well defined energy to contribute to the continuum of the energy spectrum at lower energies. A novel technique to quantify the contribution from this source of background is introduced. Experiments that operate germanium detectors with a very low energy threshold may benefit from the methods presented herein.
Aguayo, E. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Amman, M. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Avignone, F. T. [University of South Carolina/ORNL; Barabash, A.S. [Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia; Barton, P. J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Beene, James R [ORNL; Bertrand Jr, Fred E [ORNL; Boswell, M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Brudanin, V. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia; Busch, M. [Duke University; Chan, Y-D [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Christofferson, C. D. [South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD; Collar, Juan I. [University of Chicago; Combs, D. C. [University of North Carolina / Triangle Universities Nuclear Lababoratory, Durham; Cooper, Reynold J [ORNL; Detwiler, J.A. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Doe, P. J. [University of Washington; Efremenko, Yuri [University of Tennessee (UTK) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Egorov, V. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia; Ejiri, H. [Osaka University; Elliott, S. R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Esterline, J. [Duke University; Fast, J.E. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Fields, N. [University of Chicago; Finnerty, P. [University of North Carolina / Triangle Universities Nuclear Lababoratory, Durham; Fraenkle, F. M. [University of North Carolina / Triangle Universities Nuclear Lababoratory, Durham; Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo {nmn} [ORNL; Gehman, V. M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Giovanetti, G. K. [Univ, of North Carolina & Triangle Universities Nucl. Lab - Durham, NC; Green, M. P. [University of North Carolina / Triangle Universities Nuclear Lababoratory, Durham; Guiseppe, V.E. [University of South Dakota; Gusey, K. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia; Hallin, A. L. [University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Hazama, R. [Osaka University; Henning, R. [Univ, of North Carolina & Triangle Universities Nucl. Lab - Durham, NC; Hoppe, E.W. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Horton, M. [South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD; Howard, S. [South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Howe, M. A. [University of North Carolina / Triangle Universities Nuclear Lababoratory, Durham; Johnson, R. A. [University of Washington, Seattle; Keeter, K.J. [Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD; Kidd, M. F. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Knecht, A. [University of Washington, Seattle; Kochetov, O. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia; Konovalov, S.I. [Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia; Kouzes, R. T. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); LaFerriere, B. D. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Leon, J. [University of Washington, Seattle; Leviner, L. E. [University of North Carolina / Triangle Universities Nuclear Lababoratory, Durham; Loach, J.C. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Looker, Q. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Luke, P.N. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); MacMullin, S. [University of North Carolina / Triangle Universities Nuclear Lababoratory, Durham; Marino, M. G. [University of Washington, Seattle; Martin, R.D. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); Merriman, J. H. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Miller, M. L. [University of Washington, Seattle; Mizouni, L. [PPNL/Univ. of South Carolina; Nomachi, M. [Osaka University; Orrell, John L. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Overman, N. R. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Perumpilly, G. [University of South Dakota; Phillips II, D. G. [University of North Carolina / Triangle Universities Nuclear Lababoratory, Durham; Poon, A.W.P. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL); et al.
On mathematical foundation of the Brownian motor theory
The paper contains mathematical justification of basic facts concerning the Brownian motor theory. The homogenization theorems are proved for the Brownian motion in periodic tubes with a constant drift. The study is based on an application of the Bloch decomposition. The effective drift and effective diffusivity are expressed in terms of the principal eigenvalue of the Bloch spectral problem on the cell of periodicity as well as in terms of the harmonic coordinate and the density of the invariant measure. We apply the formulas for the effective parameters to study the motion in periodic tubes with nearly separated dead zones.
L. Koralov; S. Molchanov; B. Vainberg
Apparatus for closed-loop combustion control in internal combustion engines
Schematically disclosed is an engine control apparatus wherein cylinder pressure is sensed before and after the top dead center position. Desired cylinder pressure curves are stored in a microcomputer for a range of engine speed-load combinations. By electrically comparing the actual pressure-time curve with the desired pressure curve for the existing speed-load combination it should be possible to generate an error signal representing deviation of actual engine performance from the desired performance, i.e., a permissible plus or minus band following the desired curve. The invention would provide a control action using only three parameters, namely engine speed, engine load and cylinder pressure.
Cheklich, G.E.
Single-photon source characterization with infrared-sensitive superconducting single-photon detectors
Single-photon sources and detectors are key enabling technologies in quantum information processing. Nanowire-based superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) offer single-photon detection from the visible well into the infrared with low dark counts, low jitter and short dead times. We report on the high fidelity characterization (via antibunching and spontaneous emission lifetime measurements) of a cavity-coupled single-photon source at 902 nm using a pair of SSPDs. The twin SSPD scheme reported here is well-suited to the characterization of single-photon sources at telecom wavelengths (1310 nm, 1550 nm).
Robert H. Hadfield; Martin J. Stevens; Richard P. Mirin; Sae Woo Nam
TRIGA reactor operating experience
The Oregon State TRIGA Reactor (OSTR) has been in operation 3 years. Last August it was upgraded from 250 kW to 1000 kW. This was accomplished with little difficulty. During the 3 years of operation no major problems have been experienced. Most of the problems have been minor in nature and easily corrected. They came from lazy susan (dry bearing), Westronics Recorder (dead spots in the range), The Reg Rod Magnet Lead-in Circuit (a new type lead-in wire that does not require the lead-in cord to coil during rod withdrawal hss been delivered, much better than the original) and other small corrections.
Anderson, T.V. [Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (United States)
Low emission internal combustion engine
A low emission, internal combustion compression ignition engine having a cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder and a pre-combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder near the top thereof and in which low emissions of NO.sub.x are achieved by constructing the pre-combustion chamber to have a volume of between 70% and 85% of the combined pre-chamber and main combustion chamber volume when the piston is at top dead center and by variably controlling the initiation of fuel injection into the pre-combustion chamber.
Karaba, Albert M. (Muskegon, MI)
Newsfront 21 - 27 January 2008, Issue 50
has been the engine of growth. The main challenge is to find ways to develop Nepal�s immense hydro- power potential in an environmentally and socially acceptable ways, which will provide affordable energy to the population and provide additional... will be completely covered in cement, cars, and pollution. It may very well be the end. A demographer, Kingsley Davis said that Nepal is a delicate flower that is about to die. Well, that flower is dying if not already dead. Nepal is no longer an isolated country...
Ghimire, Yubaraj
Method and apparatus for strip casting
Casting nozzles will provide improved flow conditions with the parameters controlled according to the present invention. The gap relationships between the nozzle slot and exit orifice must be controlled in combination with converging exit passageway to provide a smooth flow without shearing and turbulence in the stream. The nozzle lips are also rounded to improve flow and increase refractory life of the lips of the nozzle. The tundish walls are tapered to provide improve flow for supplying the melt to the nozzle. The nozzle is located about 45[degree] below top dead center for optimum conditions. 2 figures.
Follstaedt, D.W.; Powell, J.C.; Sussman, R.C.; Williams, R.S.
Investigations of green, brown, and red algae Actinia equina, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Leander squllla, and Pachyapsus marmoratus showed the coefficient of Sr/sup 90/ accumulation in aotinia to be 1; in mytilus, 6; in leander, 8; and in crabs, 3. The accumulation coefficient of Sr/sup 90/ in brown algae is 40 to 60, and in green algae it is 1. Sea water removes strontium from dead brown algae until it reaches the coefficient of a unit; the rest is deposited in the bones and shells. (R.V J.)
Polikarpov, G.G.
Radiolytic gas generation from cement-based waste hosts for DOE low-level radioactive wastes
Using cement-based immobilization binders with simulated radioactive waste containing sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and fluoride anions, the gamma- and alpha-radiolytic gas generation factors (G/sub t/, molecules/100 eV) and gas compositions were measured on specimens of cured grouts. These tests studied the effects of; (1) waste composition; (2) the sample surface-to-volume ratio; (3) the waste slurry particle size; and (4) the water content of the waste host formula. The radiolysis test vessels were designed to minimize the ''dead'' volume and to simulate the configuration of waste packages.
Dole, L.R.; Friedman, H.A.
Method for removal of explosives from aqueous solution using suspended plant cells
The use of plant suspension cultures to remove ionic metallic species and TNT-based explosives and their oxidation products from aqueous solution is described. Several plant strains were investigated including D. innoxia, Citrus citrus, and Black Mexican Sweet Corn. All showed significant ability to remove metal ions. Ions removed to sub-ppm levels include barium, iron, and plutonium. D. innoxia cells growing in media containing weapons effluent contaminated with Ba.sup.2+ also remove TNT, other explosives and oxidation products thereof from solution. The use of dead, dehydrated cells was also found to be of use in treating waste directly.
Jackson, Paul J. (Los Alamos, NM); Torres, deceased, Agapito P. (late of Los Alamos, NM); Delhaize, Emmanuel (Giralang, AU)
Method for removal of metal atoms from aqueous solution using suspended plant cells
The use of plant suspension cultures to remove ionic metallic species and TNT-based explosives and their oxidation products from aqueous solution is described. Several plant strains were investigated including D. innoxia, Citrus citrus, and Black Mexican Sweet Corn. All showed significant ability to remove metal ions. Ions removed to sub-ppm levels include barium, iron, and plutonium. D. innoxia cells growing in media containing weapons effluent contaminated with Ba.sup.2+ also remove TNT, other explosives and oxidation products thereof from solution. The use of dead, dehydrated cells were also found to be of use in treating waste directly.
Jackson, Paul J. (Los Alamos, NM); Torres, deceased, Agapito P. (late of Los Alamos, NM); Delhaize, Emmanuel (Kaleen, AU)
Method of combustion for dual fuel engine
Apparatus and a method of introducing a primary fuel, which may be a coal water slutty, and a high combustion auxiliary fuel, which may be a conventional diesel oil, into an internal combustion diesel engine comprises detecting the load conditions of the engine, determining the amount of time prior to the top dead center position of the piston to inject the main fuel into the combustion chamber, and determining the relationship of the timing of the injection of the auxiliary fuel into the combustion chamber to achieve a predetermined specific fuel consumption, a predetermined combustion efficiency, and a predetermined peak cylinder firing pressure.
Hsu, Bertrand D. (Erie, PA); Confer, Gregory L. (Erie, PA); Shen, Zujing (Erie, PA); Hapeman, Martin J. (Edinboro, PA); Flynn, Paul L. (Fairview, PA)
Simulation of Dehumidification Characteristics of High Efficiency Residential Central Air-Conditioners in Hot and Humid Climates
This study assesses the dehumidifying performance of the high efficiency residential central air conditioners (CAC) in hot/humid climates typified by that of Houston and Galveston. The performance study is based on such factors as: (i) weather (ii) thermostat set point and dead band, and (ill) sizing of unit relative to the design load of the residence. The units are evaluated on their ability to maintain conditions in the ASHRAE comfort zone in a typical residence in Houston area. The units, the thermostat, and the residence are simulated on a minute-by-minute basis using a commercial software (TRNSYS) after making certain modifications to it.
Katipamula, S.; O'Neal, D.; Somasundram, S.
Our climate fix must be big and quick
We need enough new carbon sinks to 1) cancel out any continuing use of fossil fuels, 2) overcome the delayed effect of earlier excesses, and then 3) lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations to the old maximum value of 280 ppm. We need to sink about 25 billion tonnes of carbon each year, half to counter current emissions and commitments, and half for drawing down the CO2 concentrations within a few decades. A very large carbon sink could be created by sinking sewage in offshore dead zones. Half of all people live close enough to a coast to personally contribute, making the sink size close to half the annual food production.
Calvin, William H
Apparatus and a method of introducing a primary fuel, which may be a coal water slurry, and a high combustion auxiliary fuel, which may be a conventional diesel oil, into an internal combustion diesel engine comprises detecting the load conditions of the engine, determining the amount of time prior to the top dead center position of the piston to inject the main fuel into the combustion chamber, and determining the relationship of the timing of the injection of the auxiliary fuel into the combustion chamber to achieve a predetermined specific fuel consumption, a predetermined combustion efficiency, and a predetermined peak cylinder firing pressure. 19 figures.
Hsu, B.D.; Confer, G.L.; Zujing Shen; Hapeman, M.J.; Flynn, P.L.
Investment Busts, Reputation, and the Temptation to Blend in with the Crowd ?
We provide a real-options model of an industry in which agents time abandonment of their projects in an effort to protect their reputations. Agents delay abandonment attempting to signal their quality. When a public common shock forces abandonment of a small fraction of projects irrespective of agents � quality, many agents abandon their projects strategically even if they are unaffected by the shock. Such �blending in with the crowd � effect creates an additional incentive to delay abandonment ahead of the shock, leading to accumulation of �living dead � projects, which further amplifies the shock. The potential for moderate public common shocks often improves agents�values.
Steven R. Grenadier; Andrey Malenko; Ilya A. Strebulaev; Marc Martos-vila; Erwan Morellec; Kelly Shue; Youchang Wu (discussant
Xcel Energy implements an alarm management strategy
Not so long ago, Xcel Energy's Pawnee Station, a 505 MW coal-fired generating station in Brush, Colorado, USA was commonly generating 300 to 400 alarms per 8-hour shift. The article describes how the alarm system was revised and improved by tackling alarm dead-bands, and rationalising alarms for routine events. Operators are trained to understand the functions of alarm management components, their use and response, and obtain feedback. Today the power station reports about one alarm per hour. 3 photos.
Bass, J.; Abreu, G. [Xcel Energy (United States)
Fabrication of the GLAST Silicon Tracker Readout Electronics
A unique electronics system has been built and tested for reading signals from the silicon-strip detectors of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope mission. The system amplifies and processes signals from 884,736 36-cm long silicon strips in a 4 x 4 array of tower modules. An aggressive mechanical design fits the readout electronics in narrow spaces between the tower modules, to minimize dead area. This design and the resulting departures from conventional electronics packaging led to several fabrication challenges and lessons learned. This paper describes the fabrication processes and how the problems peculiar to this design were overcome.
Baldini, Luca; Brez, Alessandro; Himel, Thomas; Johnson, R.P.; Latronico, Luca; Minuti, Massimo; Nelson, David; Sadrozinski, H.F.-W.; Sgro, Carmelo; Spandre, Gloria; Sugizaki, Mutsumi; Tajima, Hiro; Cohen Tanugi, Johann; Young, Charles; Ziegler, Marcus; /Pisa U. /INFN, Pisa /SLAC /UC, Santa Cruz
Power control for heat engines
A power control arrangement for a Stirling engine includes a sleeve mounted in each cylinder for axial movement and a port in the sleeve leading to a dead space. The port is covered by the piston at a position that is determined by the piston position and the axial adjustment of the sleeve. The compression phase of the Stirling cycle for that piston begins when the port is covered, so the position of the sleeve is used to set the Stirling engine power level.
Dineen, John J. (Durham, NH)
Integral finned heater and cooler for stirling engines
A piston and cylinder for a Stirling engine and the like having top and bottom meshing or nesting finned conical surfaces to provide large surface areas in close proximity to the working gas for good thermal (addition and subtraction of heat) exchange to the working gas and elimination of the usual heater and cooler dead volume. The piston fins at the hot end of the cylinder are perforated to permit the gas to pass into the piston interior and through a regenerator contained therein.
Corey, John A. (North Troy, NY)
Science & Technology Review January/February 2010
This month's issue has the following articles: (1) Innovative Materials Rise to the Radiation Challenge - Commentary by Bruce Warner; (2) The Hunt for Better Radiation Detection - New materials will help radiation detectors pick up weak signals and accurately identify illicit radioactive sources; (3) Time-Critical Technology Identifies Deadly Bloodborne Pathogens - A portable device can simultaneously distinguish up to five bloodborne pathogens in just minutes; (4) Defending Computer Networks against Attack - A Laboratory effort takes a new approach to detecting increasingly sophisticated cyber attacks; and (5) Imaging Cargo's Inner Secrets - Livermore-University of California collaborators are modeling a new radiographic technique for identifying nuclear materials concealed inside cargo containers.
Bearinger, J P
Microfluidic interconnects
A miniature connector for introducing microliter quantities of solutions into microfabricated fluidic devices. The fluidic connector, for example, joins standard high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) tubing to 1 mm diameter holes in silicon or glass, enabling ml-sized volumes of sample solutions to be merged with .mu.l-sized devices. The connector has many features, including ease of connect and disconnect; a small footprint which enables numerous connectors to be located in a small area; low dead volume; helium leak-tight; and tubing does not twist during connection. Thus the connector enables easy and effective change of microfluidic devices and introduction of different solutions in the devices.
Benett, William J. (Livermore, CA); Krulevitch, Peter A. (Pleasanton, CA)
Has radiation protection become a health hazard?
Scientists and engineers have a responsibility to speak out when their findings and recommendations lead to public harm. This can happen in several ways. One is when the media misinterpret or sensationalize a scientific fact misleading the public and creating unwarranted fear. Another is when regulations or public policy decision are purportedly based on scientific data but are, in fact, scientifically invalid. Fear of radiation has been far more detrimental to health than radiation itself. The author knows of no deaths to the public from accidental release of radiation, but the consequences of fear have been deadly.
Rockwell, T. [MPR Associates, Inc., Washington, DC (United States)
Endangered languages database launched online
simmered like a chilly, bubbling cauldron with ice volcanoes, or has this distant moon gone dead? In a newly published ... Helping the heart help itself: Research points to new use for stem cells (PhysOrg.com) -- Human trials of stem cell therapy... on hot days: New research brings us closer (PhysOrg.com) -- New materials science research from the University at Buffalo could hasten the creation of "smart" windows that reflect heat from the sun on hot summer days but let in the heat in colder...
Multiple channel programmable coincidence counter
A programmable digital coincidence counter having multiple channels and featuring minimal dead time. Neutron detectors supply electrical pulses to a synchronizing circuit which in turn inputs derandomized pulses to an adding circuit. A random access memory circuit connected as a programmable length shift register receives and shifts the sum of the pulses, and outputs to a serializer. A counter is input by the adding circuit and downcounted by the serializer, one pulse at a time. The decoded contents of the counter after each decrement is output to scalers.
Arnone, G.J.
Endovascular Treatment of Blunt Traumatic Abdominal Aortic Occlusion With Kissing Stent Placement
Blunt traumatic abdominal aortic dissection is extremely rare and potentially deadly. We present the case of a 62-year-old man involved in a frontal car crash. After emergency undergoing laparotomy for bowel injuries, he was referred to our hospital due to acute ischemia of bilateral lower extremities on day 3 after the trauma. Computed tomography and aortography showed an aortobiiliac dissection with complete occlusion. This injury was successfully treated by endovascular treatment with 'kissing'-technique stent placement, which appears to be a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment.
Idoguchi, Koji, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Yamaguchi, Masato; Okada, Takuya [Kobe University Hospital, Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy (Japan); Nomura, Yoshikatsu [Kobe University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Japan); Sugimura, Kazuro [Kobe University Hospital, Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy (Japan); Okita, Yutaka [Kobe University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Japan); Sugimoto, Koji [Kobe University Hospital, Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy (Japan)
Flu Terms Defined
Flu Terms Defined Flu Terms Defined H1N1 Influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get H1N1 flu, but human infections can and do happen. H1N1 flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people. Avian flu (AI) is caused by influenza viruses that occur naturally among wild birds. Low pathogenic AI is common in birds and causes few problems. Highly pathogenic H5N1 is deadly to domestic fowl, can be transmitted from birds to humans, and is deadly to humans. There is virtually no human immunity and human vaccine availability is very limited. Pandemic flu is virulent human flu that causes a global outbreak, or pandemic, of serious illness. Because there is little natural immunity, the disease can spread easily from person to person. Currently, there is no pandemic flu.
Using Unmanned Helicopters to Assess Vegetation Cover in Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystems
Evaluating vegetation cover is an important factor in understanding the sustainability of many ecosystems. Methods that have sufficient accuracy and improved cost efficiency could dramatically alter how biotic resources are monitored on both public and private lands. This will be of interest to land managers because there are rarely enough resource specialists or funds available for comprehensive ground evaluations. In this project, unmanned helicopters were used to collect still-frame imagery to assess vegetation cover during May, June, and July in 2005. The images were used to estimate percent cover for six vegetative cover classes (shrub, dead shrub, grass, forbs, litter, and bare ground). The field plots were located on the INL site west of Idaho Falls, Idaho. Ocular assessments of digital imagery were performed using a software program called SamplePoint, and the results were compared against field measurements collected using a point-frame method to assess accuracy. The helicopter imagery evaluation showed a high degree of agreement with field cover class values for litter, bare ground, and grass, and reasonable agreement for dead shrubs. Shrub cover was often overestimated and forbs were generally underestimated. The helicopter method took 45% less time than the field method to set plots and collect and analyze data. This study demonstrates that UAV technology provides a viable method for monitoring vegetative cover on rangelands in less time and with lower costs. Tradeoffs between cost and accuracy are critical management decisions that are important when managing vegetative conditions across vast sagebrush ecosystems throughout the Intermountain West.
Robert P. Breckenridge; Maxine Dakins; Stephen Bunting; Jerry Harbour; Randy Lee
Structural load combinations
This paper presents the latest results of the program entitled, ''Probability Based Load Combinations For Design of Category I Structures''. In FY 85, a probability-based reliability analysis method has been developed to evaluate safety of shear wall structures. The shear walls are analyzed using stick models with beam elements and may be subjected to dead load, live load and in-plane eqrthquake. Both shear and flexure limit states are defined analytically. The limit state probabilities can be evaluated on the basis of these limit states. Utilizing the reliability analysis method mentioned above, load combinations for the design of shear wall structures have been established. The proposed design criteria are in the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) format. In this study, the resistance factors for shear and flexure and load factors for dead and live loads are preassigned, while the load factor for SSE is determined for a specified target limit state probability of 1.0 x 10/sup -6/ or 1.0 x 10/sup -5/ during a lifetime of 40 years. 23 refs., 9 tabs.
Hwang, H.; Reich, M.; Ellingwood, B.; Shinozuka, M.
Delayed neutrons from the neutron irradiation of ��?U
A series of experiments was performed with the Texas A&M University Nuclear Science Center Reactor (NSCR) to verify ��?U delayed neutron emission rates. A custom device was created to accurately measure a sample's pneumatic flight time and the Nuclear Science Center's (NSC's) pneumatic transfer system (PTS) was redesigned to reduce a sample's pneumatic flight time from over 1,600 milliseconds to less than 450 milliseconds. Four saturation irradiations were performed at reactor powers of 100 and 200 kW for 300 seconds and one burst irradiation was performed using a $1.61 pulse producing 19.11 MW-s of energy. Experimental results agreed extremely well with those of Keepin. By comparing the first ten seconds of collected data, the first saturation irradiation deviated ~1.869% with a dead time of 2 microseconds, while the burst irradiation deviated ~0.303% with a dead time of 5 microseconds. Saturation irradiations one, three and four were normalized to the initial count rate of saturation irradiation two to determine the system reproducibility, and deviated ~0.449%, ~0.343% and ~0.389%, respectively.
Heinrich, Aaron David
Development of a reliability-analysis method for category I structures. [PWR; BWR
The present paper develops a reliability analysis method for category I nuclear structures, particularly for reinforced concrete containment structures subjected to various load combinations. The loads considered here include dead loads, accidental internal pressure and earthquake ground acceleration. For mathematical tractability, an earthquake occurrence is assumed to be governed by the Poisson arrival law, while its acceleration history is idealized as a Gaussian vector process of finite duration. A vector process consists of three component processes, each with zero mean. The second order statistics of this process are specified by a three-by-three spectral density matrix with a multiplying factor representing the overall intensity of the ground acceleration. With respect to accidental internal pressure, the following assumptions are made: (a) it occurs in accordance with the Poisson law; (b) its intensity and duration are random; and (c) its temporal rise and fall behaviors are such that a quasi-static structural analysis applies. A dead load is considered to be a deterministic constant.
Shinozuka, M.; Kako, T.; Hwang, H.; Reich, M.
Estimation of structural reliability under combined loads. [PWR; BWR
For the overall safety evaluation of seismic category I structures subjected to various load combinations, a quantitative measure of the structural reliability in terms of a limit state probability can be conveniently used. For this purpose, the reliability analysis method for dynamic loads, which has recently been developed by the authors, was combined with the existing standard reliability analysis procedure for static and quasi-static loads. The significant parameters that enter into the analysis are: the rate at which each load (dead load, accidental internal pressure, earthquake, etc.) will occur, its duration and intensity. All these parameters are basically random variables for most of the loads to be considered. For dynamic loads, the overall intensity is usually characterized not only by their dynamic components but also by their static components. The structure considered in the present paper is a reinforced concrete containment structure subjected to various static and dynamic loads such as dead loads, accidental pressure, earthquake acceleration, etc. Computations are performed to evaluate the limit state probabilities under each load combination separately and also under all possible combinations of such loads.
Shinozuka, M.; Kako, T.; Hwang, H.; Brown, P.; Reich, M.
Method of energy load management using PCM for heating and cooling of buildings
A method is described for energy load management for the heating and cooling of a building. The method involves utilizing a wallboard as a portion of the building, the wallboard containing about 5 to about 30 wt.% phase change material such that melting of the phase change material occurs during a rise in temperature within the building to remove heat from the air, and a solidification of the phase change material occurs during a lowering of the temperature to dispense heat into the air. At the beginning of either of these cooling or heating cycles, the phase change material is preferably ``fully charged``. In preferred installations one type of wallboard is used on the interior surfaces of exterior walls, and another type as the surface on interior walls. The particular PCM is chosen for the desired wall and room temperature of these locations. In addition, load management is achieved by using PCM-containing wallboards that form cavities of the building such that the cavities can be used for the air handling duct and plenum system of the building. Enhanced load management is achieved by using a thermostat with reduced dead band of about the upper half of a normal dead band of over three degrees. In some applications, air circulation at a rate greater than normal convection provides additional comfort. 7 figs.
Stovall, T.K.; Tomlinson, J.J.
A method of energy load management for the heating and cooling of a building. The method involves utilizing a wallboard as a portion of the building, the wallboard containing about 5 to about 30 wt. % a phase change material such that melting of the phase change material occurs during a rise in temperature within the building to remove heat from the air, and a solidification of the phase change material occurs during a lowering of the temperature to dispense heat into the air. At the beginning of either of these cooling or heating cycles, the phase change material is preferably "fully charged". In preferred installations one type of wallboard is used on the interior surfaces of exterior walls, and another type as the surface on interior walls. The particular PCM is chosen for the desired wall and room temperature of these locations. In addition, load management is achieved by using PCM-containing wallboard that form cavities of the building such that the cavities can be used for the air handling duct and plenum system of the building. Enhanced load management is achieved by using a thermostat with reduced dead band of about the upper half of a normal dead band of over three degree. In some applications, air circulation at a rate greater than normal convection provides additional comfort.
Stovall, Therese K. (Knoxville, TN); Tomlinson, John J. (Knoxville, TN)
ABSTRACT The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Disaster: A Graphical Assessment of its Impact on
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010. Considered the largest accidental marine oil spill in history, oil flowed for three months and approximately five million barrels of oil spilled through by mid-July 2010. In this report, we analyse fish and bird data to assess the impact of the oil spill on the Gulf wildlife. Our findings based on the available fish data for 2005, 2006, and 2010 are not very helpful to make a judgement on the negative impact of the oil spill on fish species. On the other hand, the bird data analysis shows that the closer the surface oil spill area approached to bird habitats, the more dead birds were observed. The highest number of dead birds was observed in July and August when birds bred and raised their offspring. However, the migration behaviour of different bird species makes it impossible to entirely estimate the full impact of the oil spill on birds. (362 pages) iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. J�rgen Symanzik for spending countless hours in assistance and guidance over the completion of this project. His wisdom,
Anvar Suyundikov; Dr. J�rgen Symanzik
Response of "Alamo" switchgrass tissue chemistry and biomass to nitrogen fertilization in west Tennessee, USA
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a perennial, warm-season grass that has been identified as a potential biofuel feedstock over a large part of North America.Weexamined above- and belowground responses to nitrogen fertilization in �Alamo� switchgrass grown in West Tennessee, USA. The fertilizer study included a spring and fall sampling of 5-year old switchgrass grown under annual applications of 0, 67, and 202 kgNha?1 (as ammonium nitrate). Fertilization changed switchgrass biomass allocation as indicated by root:shoot ratios. End-of-growing season root:shoot ratios (mean�SE) declined significantly (P?0.05) at the highest fertilizer nitrogen treatment (2.16�0.08, 2.02�0.18, and 0.88�0.14, respectively, at 0, 67, and 202 kgNha?1). Fertilization also significantly increased above- and belowground nitrogen concentrations and decreased plant C:N ratios. Data are presented for coarse live roots, fine live roots, coarse dead roots, fine dead roots, and rhizomes. At the end of the growing season, there was more carbon and nitrogen stored in belowground biomass than aboveground biomass. Fertilization impacted switchgrass tissue chemistry and biomass
Garten, Jr, C. T.; Brice, D. J.; Castro, H. F.; Graham, Robin L.; Mayes, Melanie A.; Phillips, Jana R.; Post, W. M.; Schadt, Christopher W.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Tyler, Donald D.; Jardine, Philip M.; Jastrow, J. D.; Matamala, R.; Miller, R. M.; Moran, K. K.; Vugteveen, T.; Izaurralde, Roberto C.; Thomson, Allison M.; West, Tristram O.; Amonette, James E.; Bailey, Vanessa L.; Metting, F. Blaine; Smith, Jeffery L.
Modern single-photon detectors based on avalanche photodiodes offer increasingly higher triggering speeds, thus fostering their use in several fields, prominently in the recent area of Quantum Key Distribution. To reduce the probability of an afterpulse, these detectors are usually equipped with a circuitry that disables the trigger for a certain time after a positive detection event, known as dead time. If the acquisition system connected to the detector is not properly designed, efficiency issues arise when the triggering rate is faster than the inverse of detector's dead-time. Moreover, when this happens with two or more detectors used in coincidence, a security risk called "self-blinding" can jeopardize the distribution of a secret quantum key. In this paper we introduce a trigger-disabling circuitry based on an FPGA-driven feedback loop, so to avoid the above-mentioned inconveniences. In the regime of single-photon-attenuated light, the electronics dynamically accept a trigger only after detectors' compl...
Bawaj, M; Natali, R; Di Giuseppe, G; Tombesi, P
Response of breeding seaside sparrows to fire on the upper Texas Coast
Fire is one of the primary tools for managing coastal marshes in parts of the range of the Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus). This study examined changes in Seaside Sparrow densities between breeding seasons following fire in marshes of the upper Texas coast. I measured habitat characteristics and relative abundances of Seaside Sparrows on two 250-m transects for three breeding seasons post-fire on one site, and four breeding seasons on two sites. The number of sparrows/survey the second year post-fire averaged 2.8 (2.2-3.2) times higher than any other year post-fire. Two sites had significantly more sparrows/survey in the second year post-fire than the first, third, or fourth. The third site had a significant increase in sparrows/survey from the first to second year after burning, but the third year was not different from the first or second year. The increase in sparrows/survey from the first to second year post-fire coincided with a significant increase in the cover of dead vegetation. Dead vegetation may be an important factor for suitable nesting conditions, at least in the second year after burning.
Whitbeck, Matthew W
Modeling of the solids transportation within an industrial rotary dryer: A simple model
To better understand the underlying phenomena taking place in an industrial rotary dryer and to determine the optimum operating conditions, a simulator in which the solids transportation, the gas flow, and the heat and mass transfer are modeled is currently being developed. This paper describes the use of interactive perfect mixers in series to model the solids transportation within an industrial rotary dryer, on the basis of an experimental residence time distribution curve (RTD). Two simple models are proposed: a series of perfect well-mixed interacting tanks and a modified Cholette-Cloutier model. The first model is not able to account for the nonideal behavior of the solids transportation in the rotary dryer. To account for the characteristic extended tail of the RTD curves observed in industrial dryers, in a second model, the solid phase is divided between an active and a dead zone. This model, with 36 cells and 25% of the volume occupied by the dead zones, modeled very well the industrial RTD curve. In addition, the model produces bed depth and axial velocity profiles that are consistent with those reported in the literature.
Duchesne, C.; Thibault, J.; Bazin, C. [Laval Univ., Sainte-Foy, Quebec (Canada)] [Laval Univ., Sainte-Foy, Quebec (Canada)
Overhead electric power transmission line jumpering system for bundles of five or more subconductors
Jumpering of electric power transmission lines at a dead end tower. Two transmission line conductor bundles each contain five or more spaced apart subconductors (5) arranged in the shape of a cylinder having a circular cross section. The ends of each bundle of subconductors are attached with insulators to a dead end tower (1). Jumpering allows the electric current to flow between the two bundles of subconductors using jumper buses, internal jumper conductors, and external jumper conductors. One or more current collecting jumper buses (37) are located inside each bundle of subconductors with each jumper bus being attached to the end of a subconductor. Small-diameter internal jumper conductors (33) are located in the inherently electrically shielded area inside each bundle of subconductors with each subconductor (except ones having an attached jumper bus) having one internal jumper conductor connected between that subconductor's end and a jumper bus. Large-diameter external jumper conductors (9) are located outside each bundle of subconductors with one or more external jumper conductors being connected between the jumper buses in one bundle of subconductors and the jumper buses in the other bundle.
Winkelman, Paul F. (Beaverton, OR)
Seismic Analysis of Morrow Point Dam
The main objective of this study is to perform nonlinear dynamic earthquake time history analyses on Morrow Point Dam, which is located 263 km southwest of Denver, Colorado. This project poses many significant technical challenges, one of which is to model the entire Morrow Point Dam/Foundation Rock/Reservoir system which includes accurate geology topography. In addition, the computational model must be initialized to represent the existing dead loads on the structure and the stress field caused by the dead loads. To achieve the correct dead load stress field due to gravity and hydrostatic load, the computer model must account for the manner in which the dams were constructed. Construction of a dam finite element model with the correct as-built geometry of the dam structure and simply ''turning on'' gravity in the computer model will generally lead to an incorrect initial stress field in the structure. The sequence of segmented lifts typical of dam construction has a significant impact on the static stress fields induced in the dam. In addition, the dam model must also account for the interaction between the adjacent dam segments across the dam contraction joints. As a result of these challenges, it was determined that a significant amount of code development was required in order to accurately simulate the motion of the dam structure. Modifications to the existing slide surfaces are needed to allow for appropriate modeling of the shear keys across the contraction joints. Furthermore, a model for hydrodynamic interaction was also implemented into NIKE3D and DYNA3D for fluid representation in the 3D dam system finite element model. Finally, the modeling of the 3D dam system results in a very large computational model, which makes it difficult to perform a static initialization using an implicit code. Traditionally, for these large models, the model has been initialized over a long time scale using an explicit code. However, recent advancements have made it possible to run NIKE3D in ''parallel'' on relatively small parallel machines as well as on the ASCI platforms.
Noble, C R
Magnetorotational instability (MRI) is the most promising mechanism behind accretion in low-mass protostellar disks. Here we present the first analysis of the global structure and evolution of non-ideal MRI-driven T-Tauri disks on million-year timescales. We accomplish this in a 1+1D simulation by calculating magnetic diffusivities and utilizing turbulence activity criteria to determine thermal structure and accretion rate without resorting to a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulation. Our major findings are as follows. First, even for modest surface densities of just a few times the minimum-mass solar nebula, the dead zone encompasses the giant planet-forming region, preserving any compositional gradients. Second, the surface density of the active layer is nearly constant in time at roughly 10 g cm{sup -2}, which we use to derive a simple prescription for viscous heating in MRI-active disks for those who wish to avoid detailed MHD computations. Furthermore, unlike a standard disk with constant-{alpha} viscosity, the disk midplane does not cool off over time, though the surface cools as the star evolves along the Hayashi track. Instead, the MRI may pile material in the dead zone, causing it to heat up over time. The ice line is firmly in the terrestrial planet-forming region throughout disk evolution and can move either inward or outward with time, depending on whether pileups form near the star. Finally, steady-state mass transport is an extremely poor description of flow through an MRI-active disk, as we see both the turnaround in the accretion flow required by conservation of angular momentum and peaks in M-dot (R) bracketing each side of the dead zone. We caution that MRI activity is sensitive to many parameters, including stellar X-ray flux, grain size, gas/small grain mass ratio and magnetic field strength, and we have not performed an exhaustive parameter study here. Our 1+1D model also does not include azimuthal information, which prevents us from modeling the effects of Rossby waves.
Landry, Russell [Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (United States); Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E. [Astronomy Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Turner, Neal J. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Abram, Greg, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78758 (United States)
Effects of overstory composition and prescribed fire on fuel loading across a heterogeneous managed landscape in the southeastern USA.
In the southeastern USA, land use history, forest management and natural geomorphic features have created heterogeneous fuel loads. This apparent temporal and spatial variation in fuel loads make it difficult to reliably assess potential fire behavior from remotely sensed canopy variables to determine risk and to prescribe treatments. We examined this variation by exploring the relationships between overstory forest vegetation attributes, recent fire history, and selected surface fuel components across an 80,000 ha contiguous landscape. Measurements of dead and live vegetation components of surface fuels were obtained from 624 permanent plots, or about 1 plot per 100 ha of forest cover. Within forest vegetation groups, we modeled the relationship between individual surface fuel components and overstory stand age, basal area, site quality and recent fire history, then stochastically predicted fuel loads across the landscape using the same linkage variables. The fraction of the plot variation, i.e., R2, explained by predictive models for individual fuel components ranged from 0.05 to 0.66 for dead fuels and 0.03 to 0.97 for live fuels in pine dominated vegetation groups. Stand age and basal area were generally more important than recent fire history for predicting fuel loads. Mapped fuel loads using these regressor variables showed a very heterogeneous landscape even at the scale of a few square kilometers. The mapped patterns corresponded to stand based forest management disturbances that are reflected in age, basal area, and fire history. Recent fire history was significant in explaining variation in litter and duff biomass. Stand basal area was positively and consistently related to dead fuel biomass in most groups and was present in many predictive equations. Patterns in live fuel biomass were related to recent fire history, but the patterns were not consistent among forest vegetation groups. Age and basal area were related to live fuels in a complex manner that is likely confounded with periodic disturbances that disrupt stand dynamics. This study complements earlier hazardous fuels research in the southeastern USA, and indicates that succession, disturbance, site quality and decomposition interact with forest management practices to create variable spatial and temporal conditions. The inclusion of additional land use, disturbance history, and soil-topographic variables coupled to improved sampling methods may increase precision and subsequent fuel mapping.
Parresol, Bernard, R.; Scott, Joe, H.; Andreu, Anne; Prichard, Susan; Kurth, Laurie
Global health response more accurate Global health response more accurate with automated influenza surveillance January 31, 2011 LANL to certify automated influenza surveillance A compact, self-contained, automated system for surveillance and screening of potential pandemic strains of influenza and other deadly infectious diseases is a step closer to reality, thanks to an agreement between Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health, and HighRes Biosolutions of Boston, Massachussets. Researchers from LANL and the UCLA School of Public Health will test and certify a critical component of the High-Throughput Laboratory Network (HTLN) to be built by HighRes Biosolutions. The company will design the automated high-throughput extraction and screening system for a prototype Global Bio Lab-a compact, modular
GRR/Section 11-UT-a - State Cultural Considerations | Open Energy
1-UT-a - State Cultural Considerations 1-UT-a - State Cultural Considerations < GRR Jump to: navigation, search GRR-logo.png GEOTHERMAL REGULATORY ROADMAP Roadmap Home Roadmap Help List of Sections Section 11-UT-a - State Cultural Considerations 11UTAStateCulturalConsiderations (3).pdf Click to View Fullscreen Contact Agencies Utah State Historic Preservation Office Utah Antiquities Section Utah Public Lands Policy Coordination Office Regulations & Policies UC 9-8-309: Human Remains UC 9-8-304: Antiquities Section UC 9-8-404: State Compliance UC 9-9-403: Native American Remains UC 76-9-404: Criminal Penalties for Abuse of Dead Human Body Triggers None specified Click "Edit With Form" above to add content 11UTAStateCulturalConsiderations (3).pdf 11UTAStateCulturalConsiderations (3).pdf Error creating thumbnail: Page number not in range.
Kansas City Power and Light - Cool Homes Residential Rebate Program |
Kansas City Power and Light - Cool Homes Residential Rebate Program Kansas City Power and Light - Cool Homes Residential Rebate Program Kansas City Power and Light - Cool Homes Residential Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Multi-Family Residential Residential Savings Category Heating & Cooling Commercial Heating & Cooling Cooling Heat Pumps Program Info State Missouri Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount SEER 14/15: $650 SEER 16/Greater: $850 Provider Kansas City Power and Light Kansas City Power and Light (KCP&L) offers rebates to residential customers to help offset the cost of replacing inefficient central AC and heat pump systems with newer, more efficient models. In order to qualify for a rebate, the system being replaced must have an EER of 8.0 or less, as tested by a CheckMe!-trained HVAC contractor. The replacement of "dead"
Definition: Fossil fuels | Open Energy Information
Definition Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Definition: Fossil fuels Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Fossil fuels Fuels formed in the Earth's crust over millions of years from decomposed organic matter. Common fossil fuels include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years. Fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. They range from volatile materials with low carbon:hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquid petroleum
Statement of Secretaries Salazar and Chu on the Permanent Plugging of
Secretaries Salazar and Chu on the Permanent Plugging Secretaries Salazar and Chu on the Permanent Plugging of Macondo well Statement of Secretaries Salazar and Chu on the Permanent Plugging of Macondo well September 19, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar and Energy Secretary Steven Chu today issued the following statement regarding the permanent plugging of BP's Macondo well. "With the successful first intercept by the relief well and our confirmation through pressure tests that the cement plugs are secure, we can now declare BP's Macondo well effectively dead. At the direction of President Obama and under the leadership of National Incident Commander Thad Allen, we have worked tirelessly and relentlessly as a US Team to reach this point and to provide oversight and direction to the source
Screening | Department of Energy
Screening Screening Screening October 16, 2013 - 5:17pm Addthis Screening is typically performed by an outside party or an independent renewable energy expert or team. It is a review of the possible technology options that identifies dead-ends and further narrows the list to probable technologies for the project. A screening provides a preliminary assessment of how much energy could be produced by various renewable energy technologies and conducts a high-level analysis of expected costs and savings, utility considerations, and potential incentives. Federal agencies can analyze specific sites or conduct an agency-wide screening across properties to decide which areas have the greatest renewable energy potential. When conducted in conjunction with a new construction project or major renovation, an agency should get results from
Category:Exploration Activities | Open Energy Information
Activities Activities Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Category:Exploration Activities Geothermalpower.jpg Looking for the Exploration Activities page? For detailed information on Exploration Activities, click here. Contents: Top - 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Pages in category "Exploration Activities" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 1,574 total. (previous 200) (next 200) 2 2-M Probe At Alum Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) 2-M Probe At Astor Pass Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) 2-M Probe At Black Warrior Area (DOE GTP) 2-M Probe At Columbus Salt Marsh Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) 2-M Probe At Dead Horse Wells Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) 2-M Probe At Desert Peak Area (Sladek, Et Al., 2007) 2-M Probe At Flint Geothermal Area (DOE GTP)
Rabies Infection
Rabies Rabies is a deadly viral infection that is mainly spread by infected animals. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Rabies is spread by infected saliva that enters the body through a bite or broken skin. The virus travels from the wound to the brain, where it causes swelling, or inflammation. This inflammation leads to symptoms of the disease. Most rabies deaths occur in children. In the past, human cases in the United States usually resulted from a dog bite, but recently, more cases of human rabies have been linked to bats and raccoons. Although dog bites are a common cause of rabies in developing countries, there have been no reports of rabies caused by dog bites in the United States for a number of years due to widespread animal vaccination.
CX-001228: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
228: Categorical Exclusion Determination 228: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-001228: Categorical Exclusion Determination Laurel Road Pole Relocation, Laurel Road and Rose Avenue (18/3) - Addendum to Laurel Road Pole Relocation Brown Road to Woodhill Drive (18/13-19/3) CX(s) Applied: B4.13 Date: 03/08/2010 Location(s): Oakley, California Office(s): Western Area Power Administration-Sierra Nevada Region The City of Oakley in Contra Costa County is continuing to work on expanding Laurel Road for future development plans. Development of the area has been delayed; however Oakley is experiencing deadly traffic and pedestrian accidents at the intersection of Laurel Road and Rose Avenue. In order to make safety improvements to Rose Avenue, such as with sidewalks and traffic signals, the city of Oakley has requested Western to remove its
Seeing the Smallest Steps
A Bird Flu Protein Link to Virulence A Bird Flu Protein Link to Virulence Smart viruses infect without killing the host, at least in the short term. In such low-level infections, the virus gains time to persist, reproduce, infect other individuals, and spread through the population. Some viruses persist in certain host populations without killing them, but in other hosts they have a rapid and deadly effect. The H5N1 virus strains responsible for recent lethal outbreaks of bird flu apparently existed for quite some time in wild goose populations without doing much harm. But when the same strains infected chickens, the results were disastrous, leading to high chicken mortality and a health risk for humans living in proximity. In fact, the risk of epidemic was considered high enough to lead China to
NPP Grassland: Shortandy, Kazakhstan
Shortandy, Kazakhstan, 1975-1980 Shortandy, Kazakhstan, 1975-1980 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Virgin typical steppe at the Shortandy grassland study site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Gilmanov, T. G. 1996. NPP Grassland: Shortandy, Kazakhstan, 1975-1980. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a dry steppe was determined at the Shortandy study site from 1975 to 1980. Measurement of monthly dynamics of above and below-ground live biomass and dead matter were made for each growing season (April-September). Cumulative above-ground net primary production was estimated. These data are part of a series of grassland data sets recently
A Targeted Cancer Treatment using Nanomaterials | Advanced Photon Source
When Roots Follow the Path of Least Resistance When Roots Follow the Path of Least Resistance Perfecting Catalytic Arrays A Stable Open Framework with Wide Open Spaces Pumping Through the Middle Crust Looking for Ways to Improve Vaccines Against the Deadly Rotavirus Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed A Targeted Cancer Treatment using Nanomaterials AUGUST 27, 2009 Bookmark and Share Optical fluorescent imaging of the TiO2-mAb binding to the single brain cancer cells. The bare titianium dioxide nanoparticle bonds with an antibody and attaches itself to brain cancer cells. When exposed to concentrated white light, the titanium dioxide creates free radicals of oxygen that cause the cancer cells to die. Image courtesy of Argonne
U.S. Department of Energy Categorical Exclusion Determination Form
Title: Herbicide Application at 4 Substations: Amargosa, Boulder City, Henderson, and Mead located in Nevada during Fiscal Title: Herbicide Application at 4 Substations: Amargosa, Boulder City, Henderson, and Mead located in Nevada during Fiscal Year2014 Program or Field Office: Western Area Power Administration/ Desert Southwest Region Location(s) (City/County/State): Clark County, NV Proposed Action Description: Western plans apply pre-emergent, post-emergent, UV Inhibitor herbicides, which will include spray marking dyes, at 4 substations: Amargosa, Boulder City, Henderson, and Mead {see attached list for locational information). This work is needed to maintain the reliability and safety of the bulk electric system. For example, live or dead vegetation sticking up through a grounded work platform adjacent to energized equipment may circumvent the grounding protection resulting in an injury to a worker standing on the platform.
Landscape Windbreaks and Efficiency | Department of Energy
Landscape Windbreaks and Efficiency Landscape Windbreaks and Efficiency Landscape Windbreaks and Efficiency April 13, 2012 - 4:23pm Addthis Windbreaks, such as this farmstead windbreak in northwest Iowa, can reduce home heating costs. | Photo courtesy of Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Windbreaks, such as this farmstead windbreak in northwest Iowa, can reduce home heating costs. | Photo courtesy of Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. What does this mean for me? Planting windbreaks can mean lower heating costs. How does it work? Landscape windbreaks can reduce heating (and sometimes cooling) costs by reducing the wind chill near the house and providing a dead air space close to the house that provides insulation in both summer and winter. For more
NPP Grassland: Central Plains Experimental Range (SGS), U.S.A.
Central Plains Experimental Range (SGS), U.S.A., 1970-1975 Central Plains Experimental Range (SGS), U.S.A., 1970-1975 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Weather station/exclosure within the CPER site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Uresk, D., P. L. Sims, and J. L. Dodd. 1996. NPP Grassland: Central Plains Experimental Range (SGS), U.S.A., 1970-1975. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a shortgrass prairie steppe was monitored at the Central Plains Experimental Range (CPER), sometimes referred to as the Pawnee Grassland study site, from 1939 to the present. Measurements of monthly dynamics of above-ground live biomass and dead matter were made from 1970
NPP Grassland: Matador, Canada
Matador, Canada, 1968-1971 Matador, Canada, 1968-1971 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Field work in progress at the Matador site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Coupland, R. T. 1999. NPP Grassland: Matador, Canada, 1968-1971. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a mixed prairie grassland was monitored at the Matador Field Station from 1968 through 1972. Monthly measurements of above-ground standing live and dead biomass and litter were made starting in either March or April and ending in October or November of each year. Root biomass was also measured. Untreated, burned, irrigated, fertilized, and grazed
Fast pandemic detection tool ready to fight flu
Fast pandemic detection tool ready to fight flu Fast pandemic detection tool ready to fight flu Fast pandemic detection tool ready to fight flu Researchers are developing new tools for rapidly characterizing biological pathogens that could give rise to potentially deadly pandemics such as Influenza A (H1N1). June 9, 2009 Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials.
2-M Probe At Alum Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) | Open Energy Information
Alum Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Alum Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: 2-M Probe At Alum Geothermal Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Exploration Activity Details Location Alum Geothermal Area Exploration Technique 2-M Probe Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes More than 100 new 2m measurements at Astor Pass, Nevada resolved additional details of near-surface thermal outflow in this blind geothermal system References Christopher Kratt, Chris Sladek, Mark Coolbaugh (2010) Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse Wells, Hawthorne Army Depot, Terraced Hills, And Other Areas In Nevada Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=2-M_Probe_At_Alum_Area_(Kratt,_Et_Al.,_2010)&oldid=402957"
Bows and Arrows -- Part Two: Arrows and Archers
Two: Arrows and Archers Two: Arrows and Archers Nature Bulletin No. 593 February 27, 1960 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Daniel Ryan, President Roberts Mann, Conservation Editor Richard Becker, Naturalist BOWS AND ARROWS - PART TWO: ARROWS AND ARCHERS Archery, and hunting with a bow, are sports increasingly popular in this country. Bows and arrows are still used by primitive tribes, such as the pigmies in Africa and the aborigines in South American jungles, who frequently tip their arrows with deadly poisons. The warlike Indians of the Great Plains used bows and arrows long after the introduction of firearms. Loading an old-fashioned musket took too much time and was difficult for a brave on a running horse. After repeating rifles appeared, they and cartridges for them were greatly prized but hard to get.
DOE Joint Genome Institute. Pulp NonFiction: Fungal Analysis Reveals Clues
March 22, 2012 March 22, 2012 Pulp NonFiction: Fungal Analysis Reveals Clues for Targeted Biomass Deconstruction Without fungi and microbes to break down dead trees and leaf litter in nature, the forest floor might look like a scene from TV's "Hoarders." Ceriporiopsis subvermispora mycelium on wood Photo: Scanning electron micrograph of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora mycelium on wood. (R. Blanchette, University of Minnesota) Massive-scale genome sequencing projects supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and being carried out at the DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI) highlight the importance of learning how the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin that serve as a plant's infrastructure can be broken down by these forest organisms to extract needed nutrients. Among the fungi being
Metallic Glass Yields Secrets under Pressure | Advanced Photon Source
Structure of the "Swine Flu" Virus Structure of the "Swine Flu" Virus The Package Matters Disarming Deadly South American Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses Pull-Chain "Polymer" Solves Puzzle of Complex Molecular Packing Discovering New Talents for Diamond Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed Metallic Glass Yields Secrets under Pressure MARCH 29, 2010 Bookmark and Share Diamond anvil cell used for high-pressure experiments Metallic glasses are emerging as potentially useful materials at the frontier of materials science research. They combine the advantages-and avoid many of the problems of-normal metals and glasses, two classes of materials with a very wide range of applications. For example, metallic
NPP Grassland: Montecillo, Mexico
Montecillo, Mexico, 1984-1994 Montecillo, Mexico, 1984-1994 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Quadrat sampling of above-ground biomass at the Montecillo site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Garcia-Moya, E. 1996. NPP Grassland: Montecillo, Mexico, 1984-1994. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Net primary production of a saline grassland was determined at the Montecillo study site belonging to Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, near Mexico City. Monthly dynamics of live biomass and dead matter, above and below-ground, were monitored from 1984 to the present, together with monthly litter bag estimates of decomposition rates above and below-ground.
Emergency Management Program, Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL
Management Management Homepage Emergency Management Mike Venegoni, Manager Brookhaven National Laboratory Bldg. 860 - P.O. Box 5000 Upton, NY 11973-5000 (631) 344-7280 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Emergency Management Program Brookhaven National Laboratory :: Fire Danger Index - LOW The Fire Danger Index level takes into account current and antecedent weather, fuel types, and both live and dead fuel moisture. ▪ Index Description (pdf) ▪ NWS Fire Weather Forecast :: Important Information EMERGENCY Numbers Offsite: 631-344-2222 ▪ Emergency Services ▪ Hurricane Awareness :: Be Alert, Be Aware! Watch out for unattended bags/packages and report any unusual or suspicious incidents immediately to Police Headquarters by calling: 631-344-2222 The mission of the Emergency Management Program at Brookhaven National Laboratory is provide the framework for development, coordination, control, and direction of all emergency planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, response, and recovery actions.
Notices LIST OF AFFECTED PROGRAMS
90 Federal Register 90 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 175 / Friday, September 9, 2011 / Notices LIST OF AFFECTED PROGRAMS CFDA No. and name Publication date and FEDERAL REG- ISTER citation Original deadline for transmittal of applications Revised deadline for transmittal of applications Original deadline for inter-govern- mental review Extended dead- line for inter-gov- ernmental review 84.215N: Promise Neighborhoods Program- Implementation. 7/6/2011 76 FR 39615. 9/06/2011 9/13/2011 11/03/2011 11/10/2011 84.215P: Promise Neighborhoods Program- Planning. 7/06/2011 76 FR 39630. 9/06/2011 9/13/2011 11/03/2011 11/10/2011 Electronic Access to This Document The official version of this document is the document published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access to the official edition of the Federal
CX-004874: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
74: Categorical Exclusion Determination 74: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-004874: Categorical Exclusion Determination Laurel Road Pole Relocation, Laurel Road and Rose Avenue (18/3)-Addendum to 061202-Laurel Road Pole Project Relocation Brown Road to Woodhill Drive (18/13-19/3) CX(s) Applied: B4.13 Date: 03/08/2010 Location(s): Oakley, California Office(s): Western Area Power Administration-Sierra Nevada Region The City of Oakley in Contra Costa County is continuing to work on expanding Laurel Road for future development plans. Development of the area has been delayed; however, Oakley is deadly traffic and pedestrian accidents at the intersection of Laurel Road and Rose Avenue. In order to make safety improvements to Rose Avenue, i.e., sidewalks, traffic signals, the City of Oakley has requested Western to remove its existing tower, 18/3
NPP Grassland: Dickinson, U.S.A.
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MHK Technologies/Deep water capable hydrokinetic turbine | Open Energy
water capable hydrokinetic turbine water capable hydrokinetic turbine < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage 275px Technology Profile Primary Organization Hills Inc Technology Resource Click here Current Technology Type Click here Axial Flow Turbine Technology Readiness Level Click here TRL 4 Proof of Concept Technology Description It is an axial flow shrouded turbine direct connected to a water pump that delivers water to an on shore genetator Being completely water proof and submersible the device can operate at any water depth Mooring Configuration An array of turbines are teathered to a cable that is anchored via a dead weight Optimum Marine/Riverline Conditions This system is designed for use in Florida s Gulf Stream however any constant ocean current is suitable
Principal Associate Director - Capital Projects
Principal Associate Director - Capital Projects Principal Associate Director - Capital Projects As Principal Associate Director for Capital Projects, Henry is responsible for institutional large-project construction and management and environmental cleanup functions. Contact Operator Los Alamos National Laboratory (505) 667-5061 Before coming to the Lab in 2011, he served as manager of the $3.2 billion project to safely destroy the stockpile of deadly mustard chemical agent at the Pueblo Chemical Depot in Colorado. Paul Henry Principal Associate Director for Capital Projects Paul Henry, Principal Associate Director for Capital Projects As Principal Associate Director for Capital Projects, Henry is responsible for institutional large-project construction and management and environmental cleanup functions.
The U.S. Depar
0) 0) a passion for discovery ProxiScan(tm) A New Method for Detecting Prostate Cancer One in six men in the U.S. will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime, and one in 35 will die from it. Localizing cancer tissue in the prostate gland in detail at an early stage is important for successful diagnosis and early treatment of the potentially deadly disease. ProxiScan(tm) is a compact gamma camera suited for high-resolution imaging of prostate cancer. It combines the best aspects of conventional nuclear imaging detectors while minimizing their weaknesses. Developed by Brookhaven National Laboratory and Hybridyne Imaging Technologies, Inc., ProxiScan(tm) won a 2009 R&D 100 Award, sponsored by R&D Magazine to recognize the top 100
Hollow Trees
Hollow Trees Hollow Trees Nature Bulletin No. 335-A March 3, 1969 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation George W. Dunne, President HOLLOW TREES You may have heard the expression: "They couldn't see the forest for the trees". There was a time, especially in Germany, when foresters grew trees as farmers grow cabbages: thousands of acres covered with just one kind planted in long rows that were kept free of all seedlings, underbrush, dead or injured trees and everything but perfect specimens. For a while these plantations produced astonishing yields of lumber and the Germans boasted of them as models of "efficiency". The fact that they supported practically no wildlife -- only a few birds, no food for deer, and so forth -- was contemptuously dismissed.
NPP Grassland: Osage, U.S.A. [Oklahoma]
Osage, U.S.A., 1970-1972 Osage, U.S.A., 1970-1972 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Insect sampling trap at the Osage site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Risser, P. G. 1998. NPP Grassland: Osage, U.S.A., 1970-1972. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a tallgrass prairie grassland was monitored at the Osage study site from 1970 to 1972. Dynamics of above-ground plant biomass were monitored at roughly 2-week intervals during the growing season. Data on above-ground live biomass, standing dead matter and litter are available, for two replications of a grazed and an "ungrazed" (relatively undisturbed)
Lovell-Yellowtail transmission line rebuild project, Western Area Power
Lovell-Yellowtail Transmission Line Rebuild Project Lovell-Yellowtail Transmission Line Rebuild Project Project overview LVYT-1_158_092512 A contractor crew worked out of the bucket truck, Sept. 25, 2012, to perform dead-ending operations as part of phase 1 of the Lovell-to-Yellowtail transmission line rebuild. (Photo by Bob Kemp) See more photos of phase 1 and 2 constuction on Flickr. Western is rebuilding the Lovell-to-Yellowtail No. 1 and No. 2 115-kV transmission lines. The 94-circuit-miles of lines are located between Lovell, Wyo., and Yellowtail Dam, Mont. The rebuilt transmission lines are needed because the original lines were built by the Bureau of Reclamation in 1956 and 1966. The project will: Ensure reliability and safety of the transmission lines Improve capability to transmit full output from Yellowtail
Big Weasels
Big Weasels Big Weasels Nature Bulletin No. 512-A January 12, 1974 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation BIG WEASELS The Weasel Family includes the mink, skunks, otters, badger, martens and wolverine as well as the bloodthirsty little weasel -- all carnivorous fur-bearers having a pair of anal glands containing musky fluid which, except in the otters, badger and fisher, has a vile penetrating odor. The Pine Marten or American Sable, a little smaller than a house cat, is the tree-living member of the family. It dens and does much of its hunting in trees where it is a deadly enemy of squirrels and birds. On the ground it preys on marmots, chipmunks, hares, mice, grouse and reptiles. Honey, nuts and berries are eaten also. Aside from the lynx, eagles, owls and the fisher, a marten's chief enemy is man.
Microsoft PowerPoint - ALPESsrnl_TechBriefp1.ppt
at a at a glance Collects microorganisms, chemical agents, radioactive particles >90 percent collection efficiency Collects particles of < 0.3 to 10 micron diameters Maintains viability of live agents 300 liters per minute flow rate Consumes < 12 watts of power Uses a 12 volt battery Measures 6" x 10" x 21" U. S. patent 6,955,075 New device collects deadly agents for quick identification SRNL-L9100-2008-00559 Aerosol-to-Liquid Particle Extraction System (ALPES) Agents that could be used in chemical and biological warfare tend to disperse widely in the air when released. Quickly collecting a concentrated sample of these agents is critical to detecting them before they reach harmful dose levels in the air. Also, methods of detection such as by
A weekly review of scientific and technological achievements from Lawrence Liver
weekly review of scientific and technological achievements from Lawrence Livermore weekly review of scientific and technological achievements from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, July 15-19, 2013. Ancient trees found underwater may provide clues to climate change. Photo by Ben Raines/AL.com/AP An ancient grove of Cypress trees found 60 feet underwater may help scientists understand past climate change. Sonar data was used to find 50 and 100 stumps, as well as an unknown number of logs. The trees are closely related to the modern-day Bald Cypress. The forest itself has been dead at least 50,000 years, according to scientists at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, who dated samples from the trees by looking for carbon-14, a radioactive isotope that is found in every living organism but that steadily decays after the
Oak Wilt
Oak Wilt Oak Wilt Nature Bulletin No. 479-A February 3, 1973 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation OAK WILT Our sturdy oaks, symbols of strength, toughness and durability, are menaced by a deadly fungous disease called Oak Wilt, They are being attacked in at least 18 states from Minnesota and Kansas to Pennsylvania and North Carolina. That is alarming to those who recall that, during the first 35 years of this century, all but a few of our native chestnuts were annihilated by Chestnut Blight -- a fungus brought here in young chestnuts from Asia. Since 1930, we have lost untold numbers of fine elms and are desperately battling to save the rest from destruction by Dutch elm disease caused by a European fungus. Now the oaks, most important of all our hardwoods, are similarly threatened.
Microsoft Word - RC_fnl.doc
SITE-WIDE RISK ASSESSMENT, VOLUME I: HUMAN SITE-WIDE RISK ASSESSMENT, VOLUME I: HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT (PART B-RISK CHARACTERIZATION FOR DOE AREAS) at the: LABORATORY FOR ENERGY-RELATED HEALTH RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Prepared for: United States Department of Energy Oakland Environmental Programs 1301 Clay Street Oakland, California 94612-5208 Prepared by: Weiss Associates 5801 Christie Avenue, Suite 600 Emeryville, California 94608-1827 September 30, 2005 Rev. 0 DOE Delivery Order DE-AD03-04NA99610 \\Weissdc01\clients\DOE\4108\142\Risk Characterization\RC_fnl.doc WEISS ASSOCIATES Project Number: 128-4108-142 SITE-WIDE RISK ASSESSMENT, VOLUME I: HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT (PART B-RISK CHARACTERIZATION FOR DOE AREAS) at the: LABORATORY FOR ENERGY-RELATED HEALTH RESEARCH
Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels Fossil Energy Study Guide: Fossil Fuels C ontrary to what many people believe, fossil fuels are not the remains of dead dinosaurs. In fact, most of the fossil fuels found today were formed millions of years before the fi rst dinosaurs. Fossil fuels, however, were once alive. Th ey were formed from prehistoric plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. Th ink about what the Earth must have looked like 300 million years or so ago. Th e land masses we live on today were just forming. Th ere were swamps and bogs everywhere. Th e climate was warmer. Trees and plants grew everywhere. Strange looking animals walked on the land, and just as weird looking fi sh swam in the rivers and seas. Tiny one-celled organisms called protoplankton fl
Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act | Open Energy Information
Golden Eagle Protection Act Golden Eagle Protection Act Jump to: navigation, search Statute Name Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act Year 1940 Url [[File:|160px|link=http://permits.fws.gov/ltr/ltr.shtml]] Description References FWS Overview[1] This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668-668c), enacted in 1940, and amended several times since then, prohibits anyone, without a permit issued by the Secretary of the Interior, from "taking" bald eagles, including their parts, nests, or eggs. The Act provides criminal penalties for persons who "take, possess, sell, purchase, barter, offer to sell, purchase or barter, transport, export or import, at any time or any manner, any bald eagle ... [or any golden eagle], alive or dead, or any part, nest,
J J Proposed Action Title: Herbicide Application at 1 Substation: Lone Butte, located on the Gila River Indian Community during Fiscal Year 2014 Program or Field Office: Western Area Power Administration/ Desert Southwest Region Location(s) (Citv!County/State): Maricopa County, AZ. Proposed Action Description: Western plans apply pre-emergent, post-emergent, UV Inhibitor herbicides, which will include spray marking dyes, at 1 substation: Lone Butte located on the Gila River Indian Community (see attached list for locational information). This work is needed to maintain the reliability and safety of the bulk electric system. For example, live or dead vegetation sticking up through a grounded work platform adjacent to energized equipment may circumvent the grounding protection resulting in an injury to a worker standing on the platform.
CX-005130: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
0: Categorical Exclusion Determination 0: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-005130: Categorical Exclusion Determination Ringold Substation Structure Replacement Project CX(s) Applied: B4.6 Date: 01/21/2011 Location(s): Basin City, Washington Office(s): Bonneville Power Administration Bonneville Power Administration is proposing to replace the single pole structure 8/9 of the Benton-Scooteney No. 1 115-kilovolt (kV) transmission line, the attached vertically mounted disconnect switch, and current guy wiring with a new, 30-foot wide, three-pole transposition structure, a new horizontally mounted disconnect switch, and new guy wiring. In addition, a new 14-foot wide two-pole structure and a new 25?5-foot switch support structure would be installed roughly 30-feet ahead of the substation dead-end and approximately 15-feet ahead of the KD, respectively. There
2-M Probe At Columbus Salt Marsh Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) | Open Energy
2-M Probe At Columbus Salt Marsh Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) 2-M Probe At Columbus Salt Marsh Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: 2-M Probe At Columbus Salt Marsh Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Exploration Activity Details Location Columbus Salt Marsh Area Exploration Technique 2-M Probe Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes At Columbus Salt Marsh, Nevada, additional 2m measurements better defined the shape of a blind, shallow thermal anomaly; also at this location deeper temperature measurements were used to develop a near-surface temperature gradient. References Christopher Kratt, Chris Sladek, Mark Coolbaugh (2010) Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse Wells, Hawthorne Army Depot, Terraced Hills, And Other Areas In Nevada
ORNL research reveals new challenges for mercury cleanup | ornl.gov
Jennifer Brouner Jennifer Brouner Communications 865.241.0709 ORNL research reveals new challenges for mercury cleanup ORNL researchers are learning more about the microbial processes that convert elemental mercury into methylmercury. ORNL researchers are learning more about the microbial processes that convert elemental mercury into methylmercury. (hi-res image) OAK RIDGE, Tenn., Aug. 5, 2013 - More forms of mercury can be converted to deadly methylmercury than previously thought, according to a study published Sunday in Nature Geoscience. The discovery provides scientists with another piece of the mercury puzzle, bringing them one step closer to understanding the challenges associated with mercury cleanup. Earlier this year, a multidisciplinary team of researchers at Oak Ridge
NPP Grassland: Jornada, U.S.A. [New Mexico]
Jornada, U.S.A., 1970-1972 Jornada, U.S.A., 1970-1972 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Jornada during the PROVE experiment, May 1997 (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Pieper, R. D. 1998. NPP Grassland: Jornada, U.S.A., 1970-1972. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a desert grassland was monitored at the Jornada IBP study site from 1970 to 1972. Dynamics of above-ground plant biomass were monitored at roughly 2-week intervals during the growing season. Data on above ground live biomass, standing dead matter and litter are available, for two replications of a grazed and an "ungrazed" (relatively undisturbed)
SSRL HEADLINES March 2010
9 March, 2010 9 March, 2010 __________________________________________________________________________ Contents of this Issue: Science Highlight - Researchers Directly Observe Oxygen Signature from the Oxygen-evolving Complex of Photosynthesis Science Highlight - Deadly Carcinogen Unraveled: The Molecular Origami of Fungal Polyketides Researchers Rediscover the Structure of Water SSRL Scientific Advisory Committee Convened in March Joachim Stöhr to Deliver the 2010 Robert Hofstadter Memorial Lectures April 12-13 The 5th Annual SSRL School on Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Techniques in Materials and Environmental Sciences: Theory and Application The 37th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet and X-ray Physics (VUVX2010) Workshop Wrap-up on Exploring X-ray Effects on Biological Samples
Cool Materials and Shade Trees : Technologies : From the Lab to the
Cool Materials and Shade Trees Cool Materials and Shade Trees From the Lab to the Marketplace Ten Years Later, Energy Efficient Technologies from Research at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley Lab logo (left) with six rows of gray dots transitioning to a line art drawing of a cityscape and residential houses. Cool Materials and Shade Trees On a clear summer afternoon, the air in a typical city is about 3K (5°F) warmer than that in the surrounding countryside. This phenomenon, known as the summer urban heat island, results from a lack of vegetation and a prevalence of dark surfaces in cities. Urban heat islands can be uncomfortable, aggravate heat-related illnesses, and make heat waves more deadly. Higher air temperatures also accelerate smog formation and increase
NPP Grassland: Lamto, Ivory Coast
Lamto, Ivory Coast, 1965-1987 Lamto, Ivory Coast, 1965-1987 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: A storm during the rainy season at Lamto (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Menaut, J.-C. 1996. NPP Grassland: Lamto, Ivory Coast, 1965-1987. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a humid grass savanna was determined at the Lamto study site operated in collaboration with CNRS (Centre Nationale de Recherche Scientifique) - É Normale Supé Paris, France. Measurement of monthly dynamics of above-ground plant matter (i.e., live biomass and dead matter for some years, total biomass in other years), and total roots (live +
CX-000014: Categorical Exclusion Determination | Department of Energy
4: Categorical Exclusion Determination 4: Categorical Exclusion Determination CX-000014: Categorical Exclusion Determination Olympia Substation Bay Addition CX(s) Applied: B4.6 Date: 12/03/2009 Location(s): Thurston County,Washington Office(s): Bonneville Power Administration Puget Sound Energy (PSE) has requested a new 115-kilovolt Point of Delivery from Bonneville Power Administration's (BPA) Olympia Substation. In order to accommodate this request, BPA will construct a new bay, including a circuit breaker and disconnect switches, within the Olympia Substation and terminate the last span of PSE's 115-kilovolt line segment at a dead end structure within the substation. DOCUMENT(S) AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD CX-000014.pdf More Documents & Publications CX-000607: Categorical Exclusion Determination
I. . I. . Submit by E-mail Proposed Action Title: Herbicide Application at 4 Substations: Blythe, Knob, Parker, and Senator Wash located in California during Fiscal Year 2014 Program or Field Office: Western Area Power Administration/ Desert Southwest Region Location(s) (City/County/State): Imperial, Riverside, San Bernardino Counties, CA Proposed Action Description: Western plans apply pre-emergent, post-emergent, UV Inhibitor herbicides, which will include spray marking dyes, at 4 substations: Blythe, Knob, Parker, and Senator Wash (see attached list for locational information). This work is needed to maintain the reliability and safety of the bulk electric system. For example, live or dead vegetation sticking up through a grounded work platform adjacent to energized equipment may
NPP Grassland: Nairobi, Kenya
Nairobi, Kenya, 1984-1994 Nairobi, Kenya, 1984-1994 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Canopy reflectance measurement within the Nairobi site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site. Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Kinyamario, J. I. 1996. NPP Grassland: Nairobi, Kenya, 1984-1994. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Net primary production of a savanna grassland in Nairobi National Park, Kenya, was determined from 1984 to the present by monitoring monthly dynamics of live biomass and dead matter, above and below-ground, together with monthly litter bag estimates of decomposition rates above and below-ground. The method for calculating net primary production accounted
Why sequence thermophiles in Great Basin hot springs?
thermophiles in Great Basin hot springs? thermophiles in Great Basin hot springs? A thermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot temperature conditions. These conditions are found in the Great Basin hot springs, where the organisms have been exposed to unique conditions which guide their lifecycle. High temperature environments often support large and diverse populations of microorganisms, which appear to be hot spots of biological innovation of carbon fixation. Sequencing these microbes that make their home in deadly heat could provide various insights into understanding energy production and carbon cycling. Converting cellulosic biomass to ethanol is one of the most promising strategies to reduce petroleum consumption in the near future. This can only be achieved by enhancing recovery of fermentable sugars from complex
NPP Grassland: Pampa de Leman, Argentina
Pampa de Leman, Argentina, 1980-1982 Pampa de Leman, Argentina, 1980-1982 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Close-up view of the Pampa de Leman site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Bertiller, M. 1998. NPP Grassland: Pampa De Leman, Argentina, 1980-1982. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a dwarf-shrub steppe was studied at the Pampa de Leman site, Estancia Kü in Chubut (Northern Patagonia), Argentina, during 1980-1982. Dynamics of above-ground biomass, dead matter and litter were monitored at monthly or bi-monthly intervals, and NPP was estimated. An area of 1.5 hectares was protected from sheep grazing at the study site,
Property:ExplorationOutcome | Open Energy Information
ExplorationOutcome ExplorationOutcome Jump to: navigation, search Property Name ExplorationOutcome Property Type String Description The outcome of an Exploration Activity. Allows Values could be useful with more improvements;useful;not indicated;not useful;useful regional reconnaissance Pages using the property "ExplorationOutcome" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) 2 2-M Probe At Alum Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) + useful + 2-M Probe At Astor Pass Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) + useful + 2-M Probe At Black Warrior Area (DOE GTP) + not indicated + 2-M Probe At Columbus Salt Marsh Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) + useful + 2-M Probe At Dead Horse Wells Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) + useful + 2-M Probe At Desert Peak Area (Sladek, Et Al., 2007) + useful +
GRR/Section 11-TX-a - State Cultural Considerations Overview | Open Energy
GRR/Section 11-TX-a - State Cultural Considerations Overview GRR/Section 11-TX-a - State Cultural Considerations Overview < GRR Jump to: navigation, search GRR-logo.png GEOTHERMAL REGULATORY ROADMAP Roadmap Home Roadmap Help List of Sections Section 11-TX-a - State Cultural Considerations Overview 11TXAStateCulturalConsiderationsOverview.pdf Click to View Fullscreen Contact Agencies Texas Historical Commission Regulations & Policies NRC Ch. 191: Antiquities Code CCP Ch. 49: Inquests Upon Dead Bodies Triggers None specified Click "Edit With Form" above to add content 11TXAStateCulturalConsiderationsOverview.pdf Error creating thumbnail: Page number not in range. Error creating thumbnail: Page number not in range. Error creating thumbnail: Page number not in range. Flowchart Narrative 11-TX-a.1 - Have Potential Human Remains Been Discovered?
Categorical Exclusion Determinations: Washington | Department of Energy
Washington Washington Categorical Exclusion Determinations: Washington Location Categorical Exclusion Determinations issued for actions in Washington. DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD November 22, 2013 CX-010734: Categorical Exclusion Determination Covington District Culvert Replacements CX(s) Applied: B1.3 Date: 07/22/2013 Location(s): Washington Offices(s): Bonneville Power Administration November 19, 2013 CX-010735: Categorical Exclusion Determination Grand Coulee-Bell No.5 Dead End Insulator Replacement Project CX(s) Applied: B1.3 Date: 07/19/2013 Location(s): Washington, Washington Offices(s): Bonneville Power Administration September 24, 2013 CX-011171: Categorical Exclusion Determination Longview and Tillamook Substation Communication Upgrades CX(s) Applied: B1.7 Date: 09/24/2013
J J Proposed Action Title: Herbicide Application at 2 Substations: Kayenta and Long House Valley located on the Navajo Nation during Fiscal Year2014 Program or Field Office: Western Area Power Administration/ Desert Southwest Region Location(s) (City/County/State): Navajo County, AZ Proposed Action Description: Western plans apply pre-emergent, post-emergent, UV Inhibitor herbicides, which will include spray marking dyes, at 2 substations: Kayenta and Long House Valley (see attached list for locational information). This work is needed to maintain the reliability and safety of the bulk electric system. For example, live or dead vegetation sticking up through a grounded work platform adjacent to energized equipment may circumvent the grounding protection resulting in an injury to a worker standing on the platform.
Categorical Exclusion Determinations: Bonneville Power Administration |
Bonneville Power Bonneville Power Administration Categorical Exclusion Determinations: Bonneville Power Administration Categorical Exclusion Determinations issued by Bonneville Power Administration. DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD November 22, 2013 CX-010734: Categorical Exclusion Determination Covington District Culvert Replacements CX(s) Applied: B1.3 Date: 07/22/2013 Location(s): Washington Offices(s): Bonneville Power Administration November 19, 2013 CX-010735: Categorical Exclusion Determination Grand Coulee-Bell No.5 Dead End Insulator Replacement Project CX(s) Applied: B1.3 Date: 07/19/2013 Location(s): Washington, Washington Offices(s): Bonneville Power Administration August 26, 2013 CX-010720: Categorical Exclusion Determination Monroe-Custer #2 Access Roads CX(s) Applied: B1.3
Page not found | Department of Energy
71 - 18680 of 29,416 results. 71 - 18680 of 29,416 results. Page Ecosystem Management Team The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is evaluating methods of reducing the long-term costs and risks associated with operating, monitoring, and managing its legacy sites. For example, vegetation... http://energy.gov/lm/services/ecosystem-management-team Download Inspection Report: IG-0681 Concerns Regarding a Non-Viable (Dead)"Anthrax Spore" Research Project at theOak Ridge National Laboratory http://energy.gov/ig/downloads/inspection-report-ig-0681 Download NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 http://energy.gov/gc/downloads/national-defense-authorization-act-fiscal-year-2000 Rebate Community-Based Energy Development (C-BED) Tariff Under the Community-Based Energy Development (C-BED) Tariff, each public
Categorical Exclusion (CX) Determinations By Date | Department of Energy
Date Date Categorical Exclusion (CX) Determinations By Date September 3, 2014 CX-011089: Categorical Exclusion Determination Low-cost, Highly Transparent Flexible Low-e Coating Film to Enable Electrochromic Windows with Increased Energy Savings CX(s) Applied: A9, B3.6 Date: 09/03/2013 Location(s): Colorado Offices(s): Golden Field Office November 22, 2013 CX-010734: Categorical Exclusion Determination Covington District Culvert Replacements CX(s) Applied: B1.3 Date: 07/22/2013 Location(s): Washington Offices(s): Bonneville Power Administration November 19, 2013 CX-010735: Categorical Exclusion Determination Grand Coulee-Bell No.5 Dead End Insulator Replacement Project CX(s) Applied: B1.3 Date: 07/19/2013 Location(s): Washington, Washington Offices(s): Bonneville Power Administration
Integrated Safety Management (ISM) Workshop - November 28-30, 2007
D - Developing Effective Safety Culture D - Developing Effective Safety Culture ISM Workshop Presentations November 28-30, 2007 Wednesday, November 28, 2007 11:00 - 12:30 Tank S-102 Waste Spill, Shirley Olinger, ORP and Jerry Long, CH2MHill Practices in Implementing Human Performance Initiative, Bill Hartley, BWXT Pantex 2:00 - 3:30 Safety Observation to Support Human Performance Improvement, Chris Contwell, Todd Conklin and John Tseng, LANL Human Performance Training and Job Aid for Nuclear Materials Applications, William Brown, BNL Developing Effective Safety Cultures, Dr. Isabel Perry 4:00 - 5:30 Commercial Nuclear Industry Progress on Safety Culture (Sensitive Material - Contact Presenter Directly), George Mortensen, INPO Communication with the Dead is only Slightly Harder than talking with an Engineer, William Rigot, WSRC
Did U Know? : BioEnergy Science Center
Did U Know? Did U Know? Common U.S. agricultural products specifically grown for biofuel production include switchgrass and soybeans. Can you really drive a car off grass instead of gas? Yes! Switch grass is a common, warm-season grass that can be an environmentally friendly biofuel and alternative to traditional gasoline. How cool is that! Humans have used biomass fuels for heating and cooking since the discovery of fire. Biofuel is any liquid fuel derived from biological material such as trees, agricultural wastes, crops, or even grass. Biofuel can be produced from any carbon source that can be replenished rapidly, such as plants. Biomass refers to living and recently dead biological matter that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Biofuel is considered a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Microsoft Word - S05993_CY2009 Annual Rpt.doc
4 4 126.96.36.199 Additional Wildlife Observations In September, a dead crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) was observed dangling from the top of a spruce tree at the Site. Closer inspection revealed there was fishing line wrapped around the foot of the bird. Evidently the crow picked up the fishing line on its foot at one of the nearby reservoirs (since fishing is not allowed at the Site). The line was probably dangling from its foot when it landed on the branch. When it attempted to take off the line probably got caught in the tree branch, and the more the bird tried to free itself, the more it wrapped itself around the branch. Finally its foot was so tightly entangled around the branch that the bird could not move and eventually died on the branch. The bird was removed from the tree and disposed of.
LANL to certify automated influenza surveillance system
LANL to certify automated influenza surveillance system LANL to certify automated influenza surveillance system LANL to certify automated influenza surveillance system A compact automated system for surveillance and screening of potential pandemic strains of influenza and other deadly infectious diseases is a step closer to reality. January 31, 2011 Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy
2-M Probe At Astor Pass Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) | Open Energy
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » 2-M Probe At Astor Pass Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: 2-M Probe At Astor Pass Area (Kratt, Et Al., 2010) Exploration Activity Details Location Astor Pass Geothermal Area Exploration Technique 2-M Probe Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes More than 100 new 2m measurements at Astor Pass, Nevada resolved additional details of near-surface thermal outflow in this blind geothermal system References Christopher Kratt, Chris Sladek, Mark Coolbaugh (2010) Boom And Bust With The Latest 2M Temperature Surveys- Dead Horse Wells, Hawthorne Army
Dear Mr. Cohen,
1, 2012 1, 2012 Office of the General Counsel, Department of Energy Dear Mr. Cohen, Unfortunately we missed the dead line for the first set of comments regarding regulatory burden. We've searched the web at http://www.regulations.gov for any comments from the first round due on January 5, 2012 and could not find any. The situation we described last year (see below) has not improved. We are waiting for additional rules from DOE but don't believe they'll provide the needed relief from regulatory burden. This past year we've invested $250,000 in energy testing. Those resources could have been used to develop new and better products. We expect to invest more dollars in 2012. Since your last request for information in 2011, we did more research in EPACT 2005. The
Definition: Petroleum | Open Energy Information
Petroleum Petroleum A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Petroleum is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. The name Petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oils and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, it is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure. Petroleum is recovered mostly
Robot to the Mine Rescue | Department of Energy
Robot to the Mine Rescue Robot to the Mine Rescue Robot to the Mine Rescue August 18, 2011 - 12:11pm Addthis The Gemini-Scout Mine Rescue Robot | Video Courtesy of Sandia Laboratories Keri Fulton Public Affairs Specialist, Office of Public Affairs How does it work? The robot moves in ahead of rescuers to evaluate precarious environments and help them plan the rescue mission. One of the biggest obstacles to rescuing miners after an accident is the unknown level of danger. Before rescuers are able to get miners to safety, they must assess the situation, often taking up time critical to the success of the rescue. Poisonous gases, flooded tunnels, explosive vapors and unstable walls and roofs are among the potentially deadly conditions and unknown obstacles that can slow rescue efforts.
Why Sequence Two Micromonosporas?
Two Micromonosporas? Two Micromonosporas? DOE-JGi will sequence the genomes of two members of the Micromonosporaceae: Micromonospora strain L5, which was originally isolated from roots of Casuarina equisetifolia, an actinorhizal plant that is nodulated by Frankia, and recently shown to fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia; and the ATCC strain M. aurantiaca 27029, which, based on 16S RNA DNA phylogeny, is closely related to strain L5. Species of Micromonospora are important for biocontrol and bioremediation. They have incredible metabolic versatility, among which nitrogen fixation has been added to the traits exhibited by these microbes. Micromonospora strain L5. Micrograph courtesy Ann M. Hirsch. Micromonospora species exhibit both saphrophytic (living off dead tissues) and potentially symbiotic lifestyles, and they are ubiquitous in the
? Online Convention Registration Available until
The cycles in the commodity markets are difficult to predict or sometimes understand. I came into the oil and gas industry on the upswing in prices resulting from the oil embargo. I survived the bottom falling out in the mid �80s to see the "dead sea " come back to life in the late �90s. The downturn in the economy in 2001 sank demand and natural gas prices that recovered to record levels in 2008, only to fall back to 2002 levels in 2010. Natural gas and crude oil prices used to have a price relationship of 1:6 based on energy equivalence. This changed after crude oil spiked in the middle of 2008 and Attending the Board of Directors dinner in New Orleans are (L to R) San Antonio Director Donna
You Still; To Register; Kenneth J. Huffman
Use of nuclear explosives for excavation of a sea-level canal across the Negev Desert in Israel, connecting the Mediterranean with the Gulf of Aqaba
Another interesting application of nuclear excavation would be a sea- level canal 160 miles long across Israel, connecting the Mediterranean with the Gulf of Aqaba (and thus the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean). Such a canal would be a strategically valuable alternate to the present Suez Canal and would probably contribute greatly to the economic development of the surrounding area. The difference in elevation between sea level and the Dead Sea (30 miles away and 1286 feet below sea level) might also be used to generate hydroelectric power. The maximum depth of excavation to be encountered is on the order of 1500 feet. Conventional methods of excavation of this magnitude are prohibitively expensive, if indeed possible, but it appears that nuclear explosives could be profitably applied to this situation.
Maccabee, H. D.
Structural reliability analysis and seismic risk assessment
This paper presents a reliability analysis method for safety evaluation of nuclear structures. By utilizing this method, it is possible to estimate the limit state probability in the lifetime of structures and to generate analytically the fragility curves for PRA studies. The earthquake ground acceleration, in this approach, is represented by a segment of stationary Gaussian process with a zero mean and a Kanai-Tajimi Spectrum. All possible seismic hazard at a site represented by a hazard curve is also taken into consideration. Furthermore, the limit state of a structure is analytically defined and the corresponding limit state surface is then established. Finally, the fragility curve is generated and the limit state probability is evaluated. In this paper, using a realistic reinforced concrete containment as an example, results of the reliability analysis of the containment subjected to dead load, live load and ground earthquake acceleration are presented and a fragility curve for PRA studies is also constructed.
Hwang, H.; Reich, M.; Shinozuka, M.
Life Redefined: Microbes Built with Arsenic
Life can survive in many harsh environments, from extreme heat to the presence of deadly chemicals. However, life as we know it has always been based on the same six elements -- carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Now it appears that even this rule has an exception. In the saline and poisonous environment of Mono Lake, researchers have found a bacterium that can grow by incorporating arsenic into its structure in place of phosphorus. X-ray images taken at SLAC's synchrotron light source reveal that this microbe may even use arsenic as a building block for DNA. Please join us as we describe this discovery, which rewrites the textbook description of how living cells work.
Webb, Sam (SLAC and Felisa Wolfe-Simon, NASA and U.S. Geological Survey)
Structural analysis of the equipment removal system for tank 241SY101
The calculations documented in this report show that the ERS major components are structurally qualified to complete the objective, i.e., to install the removed equipment into a shipping container and transport and store the container at the Central Waste Complex (CWC). The analysis for the structural members of the ERS components considers live load with an impact factor of 125 % added to dead load. An allowable stress of one-third yield is used for all structural components carrying the load based on DOE-RL-92-36. Adherence to DOE-RL-92-36 is not a code requirement. However, the loads considered make this factor of safety appropriate. The calculations meet the strength requirements of the American Institute for Steel Construction (ASIC 1989) for all non-critical structural elements.
Mackey, T.C.
Dragging Heavy Quarks in Quark Gluon Plasma at the Large Hadron Collider
The drag and diffusion coefficients of charm and bottom quarks propagating through quark gluon plasma (QGP) have been evaluated for conditions relevant to nuclear collisions at Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The dead cone and Landau-Pomeronchuk-Migdal (LPM) effects on radiative energy loss of heavy quarks have been considered. Both radiative and collisional processes of energy loss are included in the {\\it effective} drag and diffusion coefficients. With these effective transport coefficients we solve the Fokker Plank (FP) equation for the heavy quarks executing Brownian motion in the QGP. The solution of the FP equation has been used to evaluate the nuclear suppression factor, $R_{\\mathrm AA}$ for the non-photonic single electron spectra resulting from the semi-leptonic decays of hadrons containing charm and bottom quarks. The effects of mass on $R_{\\mathrm AA}$ has also been highlighted.
Santosh K Das; Jan-e Alam; Payal Mohanty
Evaluation of rotary drum screens used to protect juvenile salmonids in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA
The purpose of this study is to assess the design and operation of rotary drum screens. Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss are the potentially affected fish. Cold-branded fish are released upstream of the screen facilities. For descaling tests, the fish are captured as they exit the facility and are examined for injuries, descaling, and post-test mortalities. For screen passage tests, nets are placed in the irrigation ditch, downstream of the screen facilities, to determine if fish can pass through or over the screens. More than 100 tests have been conducted with almost 35,000 fish. Additionally, nearly 2000 native fish have been evaluated. Usually less than 2% of the test fish are injured or dead, and the condition of test fish does not differ from the controls. Less than 2% of the fish pass through or over the screens when the screen seals are properly installed and maintained.
Neitzel, D.A.; Abernethy, C.S. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA)); Clune, T.J. (USDOE Bonneville Power Administration, Yakima, WA (USA))
El Paso electric 345 kV, Springerville to Deming, transmission line project, New Mexico
Construction of a 213.5-mile, 345-kilovolt (kV) transmission line is proposed from the El Paso Electric Company Luna substation, 1.5 miles north of Deming, to a point on the existing Tucson Electric Power Company transmission line near Red Hill, in New Mexico. Counties in New Mexico that could be directly affected are Luna, Sierra, Socorro, Catron, and Grant. The proposed line would use wood towers, 51 to 55 feet high, placed at an average interval of 800 feet. More equipment would be added to the Luna substation, consisting of a 345-kV circuit breaker, two switches, a dead-end tower, and relay equipment. Communication and control would be provided through a microwave radio system. The transmission line would be paralleled by a two-track road for routine patrol. Estimated cost of the project is $42.9 million.
Not Available
Novel Silicon n-on-p Edgeless Planar Pixel Sensors for the ATLAS upgrade
In view of the LHC upgrade phases towards HL-LHC, the ATLAS experiment plans to upgrade the Inner Detector with an all-silicon system. The n-on-p silicon technology is a promising candidate for the pixel upgrade thanks to its radiation hardness and cost effectiveness, that allow for enlarging the area instrumented with pixel detectors. We report on the development of novel n-in-p edgeless planar pixel sensors fabricated at FBK (Trento, Italy), making use of the "active edge" concept for the reduction of the dead area at the periphery of the device. After discussing the sensor technology and fabrication process, we present device simulations (pre- and post-irradiation) performed for different sensor configurations. First preliminary results obtained with the test-structures of the production are shown.
M. Bomben; A. Bagolini; M. Boscardin; L. Bosisio; G. Calderini; J. Chauveau; G. Giacomini; A. La Rosa; G. Marchori; N. Zorzi
Distributed Real-Time Emulation of Formally-Defined Patterns for Safe Medical Device Control
Safety of medical devices and of their interoperation is an unresolved issue causing severe and sometimes deadly accidents for patients with shocking frequency. Formal methods, particularly in support of highly reusable and provably safe patterns which can be instantiated to many device instances can help in this regard. However, this still leaves open the issue of how to pass from their formal specifications in logical time to executable emulations that can interoperate in physical time with other devices and with simulations of patient and/or doctor behaviors. This work presents a specification-based methodology in which virtual emulation environments can be easily developed from formal specifications in Real-Time Maude, and can support interactions with other real devices and with simulation models. This general methodology is explained in detail and is illustrated with two concrete scenarios which are both instances of a common safe formal pattern: one scenario involves the interaction of a provably safe ...
Sun, Mu; 10.4204/EPTCS.36.9
Polar distortion in ultra-thin BaTiO3 films by in situ LEED-IV
Phase stability in nanoscale ferroelectrics is governed by the interplay of electrostatic depolarization energy, domain formation, adsorption, and surface band bending. Using in situ low-energy electron-diffraction intensity versus voltage (LEED I-V), we have characterized 4 and 10 ML BaTiO{sub 3} films, grown using pulsed laser deposition with fully compressive strain on a SrRuO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3} substrate. LEED I-V reveals a single surface dead layer and a monodomain vertically polarized state below. The single orientation is attributed to the intrinsic imprint asymmetry and the stability of a polarized phase to compensation of depolarizing charges by dipoles induced by surface stress.
Shin, Junsoo [ORNL; Nascimento, Von B [ORNL; Borisevich, Albina Y [ORNL; Plummer, E Ward [ORNL; Kalinin, Sergei V [ORNL; Baddorf, Arthur P [ORNL
Cooling system for a bearing of a turbine rotor
In a gas turbine, a bore tube assembly radially inwardly of an aft bearing conveys cooling steam to the buckets of the turbine and returns the cooling steam to a return. To cool the bearing and thermally insulate the bearing from the cooling steam paths, a radiation shield is spaced from the bore tube assembly by a dead air gap. Additionally, an air passageway is provided between the radiation shield and the inner surface of an aft shaft forming part of the rotor. Air is supplied from an inlet for flow along the passage and radially outwardly through bores in the aft shaft disk to cool the bearing and insulate it from transfer of heat from the cooling steam.
Schmidt, Mark Christopher (Niskayuna, NY)
High Level Architecture (HLA) federation with Umbra and OPNET federates.
Network-centric systems that depend on mobile wireless ad hoc networks for their information exchange require detailed analysis to support their development. In many cases, this critical analysis is best provided with high-fidelity system simulations that include the effects of network architectures and protocols. In this research, we developed a high-fidelity system simulation capability using an HLA federation. The HLA federation, consisting of the Umbra system simulator and OPNET Modeler network simulator, provides a means for the system simulator to both affect, and be affected by, events in the network simulator. Advances are also made in increasing the fidelity of the wireless communication channel and reducing simulation run-time with a dead reckoning capability. A simulation experiment is included to demonstrate the developed modeling and simulation capability.
Oppel, Fred John III; Hart, Brian; Van Leeuwen, Brian P.
Nonlinear response of vessel walls due to short-time thermomechanical loading
Maintaining structural integrity of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) during a postulated core melt accident is an important safety consideration in the design of the vessel. This study addresses the failure predictions of the vessel due to thermal and pressure loadings fro the molten core debris depositing on the lower head of the vessel. Different loading combinations were considered based on the dead load, yield stress assumptions, material response and internal pressurization. The analyses considered only short term failure (quasi static) modes, long term failure modes were not considered. Short term failure modes include plastic instabilities of the structure and failure due to exceeding the failure strain. Long term failure odes would be caused by creep rupture that leads to plastic instability of the structure. Due to the sort time durations analyzed, creep was not considered in the analyses presented.
Pfeiffer, P.A.; Kulak, R.F.
Concentric micro-nebulizer for direct sample insertion
A concentric micro-nebulizer and method for introducing liquid samples into a plasma established in a plasma torch including a first tube connected to a source of plasma gas. The concentric micro-nebulizer has inner and outer concentric tubes extending upwardly within the torch for connection to a source of nebulizer gas and to a source of liquid solvent and to a source of sample liquid. The inner tube is connected to the source of liquid solvent and to the source of sample liquid and the outer tube is connected to the source of nebulizer gas. The outer tube has an orifice positioned slightly below the plasma when it is established, with the inner and outer tubes forming an annulus therebetween with the annular spacing between the tubes at said orifice being less than about 0.05mm. The dead volume of the inner tube is less than about 5 microliters.
Fassel, V.A.; Rice, G.W.; Lawrence, K.E.
Genomic acquisition of a capsular polysaccharide virulence cluster by non-pathogenic Burkholderia isolates
#7;PBSX family phage portal protein, DEAD/DEAH box helicase, XRE family transcriptional regulator, protein kinase domain-containing protein, gp31, gp30#7;#7;#7;nGi-02#7;559124#7;559510#7;387#7;59.9#7;#7;#7;#7;#7; #7; #7;#7;#7;nGi-03#7;560626#7;562894#7... ;62.6#7;1#7;#7;6#7;4#7;BTH_I0913-BTH_I0928#7;phage related protein, ISBma1, gp11, gp12, lysozyme#7;#7;#7;GI-03 1625457- 1652568#7;1627883#7;1653194#7;25312#7;57.7#7;#7;#7;5#7;2#7;BTH_I1442-BTH_I1456#7;superfamily I DNA/RNA helicase, HAD superfamily...
Sim, Bernice Meng Qi; Chantratita, Narisara; Ooi, Wen Fong; Nandi, Tannistha; Tewhey, Ryan; Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn; Thaipadungpanit, Janjira; Tumapa, Sarinna; Ariyaratne, Pramila; Sung, Wing-Kin; Sem, Xiao Hui; Chua, Hui Hoon; Ramnarayanan, Kalpana; Lin, Chi Ho; Liu, Yichun; Feil, Edward J; Glass, Mindy B; Tan, Gladys; Peacock, Sharon J; Tan, Patrick
Internal combustion engine
An improved engine is provided that more efficiently consumes difficult fuels such as coal slurries or powdered coal. The engine includes a precombustion chamber having a portion thereof formed by an ignition plug. The precombustion chamber is arranged so that when the piston is proximate the head, the precombustion chamber is sealed from the main cylinder or the main combustion chamber and when the piston is remote from the head, the precombustion chamber and main combustion chamber are in communication. The time for burning of fuel in the precombustion chamber can be regulated by the distance required to move the piston from the top dead center position to the position wherein the precombustion chamber and main combustion chamber are in communication.
Baker, Quentin A. (P.O. Box 6477, San Antonio, TX 78209); Mecredy, Henry E. (1630-C W. 6th, Austin, TX 78703); O' Neal, Glenn B. (6503 Wagner Way, San Antonio, TX 78256)
Significance of Selective Predation and Development of Prey Protection Measures for Juvenile Salmonids in the Columbia and Snake River Reservoirs: Annual Progress Report, February 1991-February 1992.
This document is the 1991 annual report of progress for the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) research Project conducted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Our approach was to present the progress achieved during 1991 in a series of separate reports for each major project task. Each report is prepared in the format of a scientific paper and is able to stand alone, whatever the state of progress or completion. This project has two major goals. One is to understand the significance of selective predation and prey vulnerability by determining if substandard juvenile salmonids (dead, injured, stressed, diseased, or naive) are more vulnerable to predation by northern squawfish, than standard or normal juvenile salmonids. The second goal is to develop and test prey protection measures to control predation on juvenile salmonids by reducing predator-smolt encounters or predator capture efficiency.
Poe, Thomas P.
DISPATCHES Emergence of African Swine
In 2008, African swine fever was introduced into Georgia, after which it spread to neighboring Armenia, Azerbaijan, and the Russian Federation. That same year, PCR and sequence analysis identifi ed African swine fever virus in samples from 3 dead female wild boars in northwestern Iran. Wild boars may serve as a reservoir. African swine fever (ASF) is a notifiable, highly contagious, lethal, hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs (1,2). ASF virus (ASFV) (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses database no. 00.002.0.01.001), an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, is the only known DNA arbovirus (3). Maintenance and transmission of ASFV involves cycling of virus between soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros and wild pigs (warthogs, bush pigs, and giant forest boars) (1,2). The virus can also be acquired through
Pooneh Rahimi; Amir Sohrabi; Javad Ashrafihelan; Rosita Edalat; Mehran Alamdari; Mohammadhossein Masoudi; Saied Mostofi; Kayhan Azadmanesh
Coal-water slurry fuel internal combustion engine and method for operating same
An internal combustion engine fueled with a coal-water slurry is described. About 90 percent of the coal-water slurry charge utilized in the power cycle of the engine is directly injected into the main combustion chamber where it is ignited by a hot stream of combustion gases discharged from a pilot combustion chamber of a size less than about 10 percent of the total clearance volume of main combustion chamber with the piston at top dead center. The stream of hot combustion gases is provided by injecting less than about 10 percent of the total coal-water slurry charge into the pilot combustion chamber and using a portion of the air from the main combustion chamber that has been heated by the walls defining the pilot combustion chamber as the ignition source for the coal-water slurry injected into the pilot combustion chamber.
McMillian, Michael H. (Fairmont, WV)
New approaches to estimation of magnetotelluric parameters
Fully efficient robust data processing procedures were developed and tested for single station and remote reference magnetotelluric (Mr) data. Substantial progress was made on development, testing and comparison of optimal procedures for single station data. A principal finding of this phase of the research was that the simplest robust procedures can be more heavily biased by noise in the (input) magnetic fields, than standard least squares estimates. To deal with this difficulty we developed a robust processing scheme which combined the regression M-estimate with coherence presorting. This hybrid approach greatly improves impedance estimates, particularly in the low signal-to-noise conditions often encountered in the dead band'' (0.1--0.0 hz). The methods, and the results of comparisons of various single station estimators are described in detail. Progress was made on developing methods for estimating static distortion parameters, and for testing hypotheses about the underlying dimensionality of the geological section.
Egbert, G.D.
New approaches to estimation of magnetotelluric parameters. Final technical report, 1 August 1989--31 July 1991
Fully efficient robust data processing procedures were developed and tested for single station and remote reference magnetotelluric (Mr) data. Substantial progress was made on development, testing and comparison of optimal procedures for single station data. A principal finding of this phase of the research was that the simplest robust procedures can be more heavily biased by noise in the (input) magnetic fields, than standard least squares estimates. To deal with this difficulty we developed a robust processing scheme which combined the regression M-estimate with coherence presorting. This hybrid approach greatly improves impedance estimates, particularly in the low signal-to-noise conditions often encountered in the ``dead band`` (0.1--0.0 hz). The methods, and the results of comparisons of various single station estimators are described in detail. Progress was made on developing methods for estimating static distortion parameters, and for testing hypotheses about the underlying dimensionality of the geological section.
Microchannel crossflow fluid heat exchanger and method for its fabrication
A microchannel crossflow fluid heat exchanger and a method for its fabrication are disclosed. The heat exchanger is formed from a stack of thin metal sheets which are bonded together. The stack consists of alternating slotted and unslotted sheets. Each of the slotted sheets includes multiple parallel slots which form fluid flow channels when sandwiched between the unslotted sheets. Successive slotted sheets in the stack are rotated ninety degrees with respect to one another so as to form two sets of orthogonally extending fluid flow channels which are arranged in a crossflow configuration. The heat exchanger has a high surface to volume ratio, a small dead volume, a high heat transfer coefficient, and is suitable for use with fluids under high pressures. The heat exchanger has particular application in a Stirling engine that utilizes a liquid as the working substance.
Swift, Gregory W. (Los Alamos, NM); Migliori, Albert (Santa Fe, NM); Wheatley, John C. (Los Alamos, NM)
Swift, G.W.; Migliori, A.; Wheatley, J.C.
International Energy Agency design tool evaluation procedure
Detailed state-of-the-art building energy simulation models from nations participating in International Energy Agency (IEA) Task VIII are used to develop a quantitative procedure to evaluate more simplified design tools. Simulations are performed with the detailed models on a series of cases that progress systematically from the extremely simple to the relatively realistic. Output values for the cases, such as annual loads, annual maximum and minimum temperatures, and peak loads, are used to set target ranges with which the results from more simplified design tools can be compared. The more realistic cases, although geometrically simple, test the ability of the design tools to model such combined effects as thermal mass, direct gain windows, overhangs, internally generated heat, and dead-band and set-back thermostat control strategies. 5 refs., 9 figs., 4 tabs.
Judkoff, R.; Barakat, S.; Bloomfield, D.; Poel, B.; Stricker, R.; van Haaster, P.; Wortman, D.
Exciton photoluminescence and energy in a percolation cluster of ZnSe quantum dots as a fractal object
The results of studies of samples containing ZnSe quantum dots with a density corresponding to or considerably higher than the exciton percolation threshold, at which quantum dots form conglomerates, are reported. Excitonic emission from a percolation cluster of bound quantum dots as a fractal object is observed for the first time. Analysis of the structure of the photoluminescence spectra shows that the spectra are determined by the contribution of exciton states that belong to different structural elements of the percolation cluster, specifically, to the skeleton (backbone), dangling (dead) ends, and internal hollow spaces. A qualitative model is proposed to interpret the dependence of the exciton energy in these structural elements on the concentration of quantum dots in the material.
Bondar, N. V., E-mail: email@example.com; Brodyn, M. S. [National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Physics (Ukraine)
In Outer Space without a Space Suit?
The author proposes and investigates his old idea - a living human in space without the encumbrance of a complex space suit. Only in this condition can biological humanity seriously attempt to colonize space because all planets of Solar system (except the Earth) do not have suitable atmospheres. Aside from the issue of temperature, a suitable partial pressure of oxygen is lacking. In this case the main problem is how to satiate human blood with oxygen and delete carbonic acid gas (carbon dioxide). The proposed system would enable a person to function in outer space without a space suit and, for a long time, without food. That is useful also in the Earth for sustaining working men in an otherwise deadly atmosphere laden with lethal particulates (in case of nuclear, chemical or biological war), in underground confined spaces without fresh air, under water or a top high mountains above a height that can sustain respiration.
Alexander Bolonkin
A Novel Antimatter Detector with Application to Dark Matter Searches
We report on recent accelerator testing of a prototype general antiparticle spectrometer (GAPS). GAPS uses a novel approach for indirect dark matter searches that exploits the antideuterons produced in neutralino-neutralino annihilations. GAPS captures these antideuterons into a target with the subsequent formation of exotic atoms. These exotic atoms decay with the emission of x-rays of precisely defined energy and a correlated pion signature from nuclear annihilation. This signature uniquely characterizes the antideuterons. Preliminary analysis of data from a prototype GAPS in an antiproton beam at the KEK accelerator in Japan has confirmed the multiple x-ray/pion star topology and indicated x-ray yields consistent with prior expectations. Moreover, our success in utilizing solid rather than gas targets represents a significant simplification over our original approach and offers potential gains in sensitivity through reduced dead mass in the target area.
Craig, W W; Fabris, L; Madden, N; Ziock, K; Hailey, C; Aramaki, T; Gabhauer, F; Koglin, J; Mori, K; Yu, H
A coal-water slurry fueled internal combustion engine and method for operating same
McMillian, M.H.
Use of ceragenins to create novel biofouling resistant water-treatment membranes.
Scoping studies have demonstrated that ceragenins, when linked to water-treatment membranes have the potential to create biofouling resistant water-treatment membranes. Ceragenins are synthetically produced molecules that mimic antimicrobial peptides. Evidence includes measurements of CSA-13 prohibiting the growth of and killing planktonic Pseudomonas fluorescens. In addition, imaging of biofilms that were in contact of a ceragenin showed more dead cells relative to live cells than in a biofilm that had not been treated with a ceragenin. This work has demonstrated that ceragenins can be attached to polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, though work needs to improve the uniformity of the attachment. Finally, methods have been developed to use hyperspectral imaging with multivariate curve resolution to view ceragenins attached to the RO membrane. Future work will be conducted to better attach the ceragenin to the RO membranes and more completely test the biocidal effectiveness of the ceragenins on the membranes.
Hibbs, Michael R.; Altman, Susan Jeanne; Feng, Yanshu (Brigham Young University, Provo, UT); Savage, Paul B. (Brigham Young University, Provo, UT); Pollard, Jacob (Brigham Young University, Provo, UT); Sanchez, Andres L. (LMATA, Albuquerque, NM); Fellows, Benjamin D.; Jones, Howland D. T.; McGrath, Lucas K. (LMATA, Albuquerque, NM)
Profile-Based Adaption . . .
�Cache decay � is a set of leakage-reduction mechanisms that put cache lines that have not been accessed for a specific duration into a low-leakage standby mode. This duration is called the decay interval, and its optimal value varies across applications. This paper provides an extended discussion of the results previously presented in our journal paper [13]. It describes an adaptation technique that analytically finds the optimal decay interval through profiling, and shows that the most important variables required for finding the optimal decay interval can be estimated with a reasonable degree of accuracy using profiling. This work explicitly trades off the leakage power saved in putting both the �live � and �dead � lines into standby mode, against its performance and energy costs. It achieves energy savings close to what can be obtained with an omniscient choice of per-benchmark optimal decay interval.
Karthik Sankaranarayanan; Kevin Skadron
Profile-based adaptation for cache decay
Cache decay is a leakage-reduction mechanism that puts cache lines that have not been accessed for a specific duration into a lowleakage standby mode. This duration is called the decay interval, and its optimal value varies across applications. This paper describes an adaptation technique that analytically finds the optimal decay interval through profiling, and shows that the most important variables required for finding the optimal decay interval can be estimated using profiling with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Unlike previous methods that attempt to put only �dead � lines into standby mode, this work explicitly trades off the leakage power saved in putting �live � lines into standby against its performance and energy costs. It also combines traditional DVS with cache decay using an analysis and obtains results close to what can be obtained with an omniscient choice of per-benchmark optimal decay interval. 1
Karthik Sankaranarayanan
Velocity characteristics of the flow in motored engines. Final report
The influence of piston-head geometry, compression and rotational speed has been investigated. Measurements and calculations, without compression have shown the influence of a cylindrical bowl to be negligible; it is expected, and work is in progress to obtain direct evidence, that the influence will be significant with compression. Measurements in a Petter engine have, however, shown that compression has little influence at bottom dead center on the expansion stroke and that a substantial region of solid-body rotation exists in both cases. The influence of rotational speed on the flow patterns and turbulence intensity have been shown to be small except in the immediate vicinity of the inlet port and for rotational speeds (<100 rpm) when the flow is not turbulent. 25 references, 11 figures.
Gosman, A.D.; Whitelaw, J.H.
Transverse section radionuclide scanning system
This invention provides a transverse section radionuclide scanning system for high-sensitivity quantification of brain radioactivity in cross-section picture format in order to permit accurate assessment of regional brain function localized in three-dimensions. High sensitivity crucially depends on overcoming the heretofore known raster type scanning, which requires back and forth detector movement involving dead-time or partial enclosure of the scan field. Accordingly, this invention provides a detector array having no back and forth movement by interlaced detectors that enclose the scan field and rotate as an integral unit around one axis of rotation in a slip ring that continuously transmits the detector data by means of laser emitting diodes, with the advantages that increased amounts of data can be continuously collected, processed and displayed with increased sensitivity according to a suitable computer program.
Kuhl, David E. (Rosemont, PA); Edwards, Roy Q. (Plymouth Township, PA)
Hanford Tank Farms Vadose Zone, Addendum to the TX Tank Farm Report
This addendum to the TX Tank Farm Report (GJO-97-13-TAR, GJO-HAN-11) published in September 1997 incorporates the results of high-rate and repeat logging activities along with shape factor analysis of the logging data. A high-rate logging system was developed and deployed in the TX Tank Farm to measure cesium-137 concentration levels in high gamma flux zones where the spectral gamma logging system was unable to collect usable data because of high dead times and detector saturation. This report presents additional data and revised visualizations of subsurface contaminant distribution in the TX Tank Farm at the DOE Hanford Site in the state of Washington.
Spatz, R.
Explosive Model Tarantula 4d/JWL++ Calibration of LX-17
Tarantula is an explosive kinetic package intended to do detonation, shock initiation, failure, corner-turning with dead zones, gap tests and air gaps in reactive flow hydrocode models. The first, 2007-2008 version with monotonic Q is here run inside JWL++ with square zoning from 40 to 200 zones/cm on ambient LX-17. The model splits the rate behavior in every zone into sections set by the hydrocode pressure, P + Q. As the pressure rises, we pass through the no-reaction, initiation, ramp-up/failure and detonation sections sequentially. We find that the initiation and pure detonation rate constants are largely insensitive to zoning but that the ramp-up/failure rate constant is extremely sensitive. At no time does the model pass every test, but the pressure-based approach generally works. The best values for the ramp/failure region are listed here in Mb units.
Souers, P C; Vitello, P A
A microchannel crossflow fluid heat exchanger and a method for its fabrication are disclosed. The heat exchanger is formed from a stack of thin metal sheets which are bonded together. The stack consists of alternating slotted and unslotted sheets. Each of the slotted sheets includes multiple parallel slots which form fluid flow channels when sandwiched between the unslotted sheets. Successive slotted sheets in the stack are rotated ninety degrees with respect to one another so as to form two sets of orthogonally extending fluid flow channels which are arranged in a crossflow configuration. The heat exchanger has a high surface to volume ratio, a small dead volume, a high heat transfer coefficient, and is suitable for use with fluids under high pressures. The heat exchanger has particular application in a Stirling engine that utilizes a liquid as the working substance. 9 figs.
Effects of natural gas composition on ignition delay under diesel conditions
Effects of variations in natural gas composition on autoignition of natural gas under direct-injection (DI) diesel engine conditions were studied experimentally in a constant-volume combustion vessel and computationally using a chemical kinetic model. Four fuel blends were investigated: pure methane, a capacity weighted mean natural gas, a high ethane content natural gas, and a natural gas with added propane typical of peak shaving conditions. Experimentally measured ignition delays were longest for pure methane and became progressively shorter as ethane and propane concentrations increased. At conditions characteristic of a DI compression ignition natural gas engine at Top Dead Center (CR=23:1, p = 6.8 MPa, T = 1150K), measured ignition delays for the four fuels varied from 1.8 ms for the peak shaving and high ethane gases to 2.7 ms for pure methane. Numerically predicted variations in ignition delay as a function of natural gas composition agreed with these measurements.
Naber, J.D.; Siebers, D.L. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States); Di Julio, S.S. [California State Univ., Northridge, CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Westbrook, C.K. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
Advanced Photon Source RF Beam Position Monitor System Upgrade Design and Commissioning
This paper describes the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring mono-pulse rf beam position monitor (BPM) system upgrade. The present rf BPM system requires a large dead time of 400 ns between the measured bunch and upstream bunch. The bunch pattern is also constrained by the required target cluster of six bunches of 7 mA minimum necessary to operate the receiver near the top end of the dynamic range. The upgrade design objectives involve resolving bunches spaced as closely as 100 ns. These design objectives require us to reduce receiver front-end losses and reflections. An improved trigger scheme that minimizes systematic errors is also required. The upgrade is in the final phases of installation and commissioning at this time. The latest experimental and commissioning data and results will be presented.
Lill, R; Singh, O
TARANTULA 2011 in JWL++
Using square zoning, the 2011 version of the kinetic package Tarantula matches cylinder data, cylinder dead zones, and cylinder failure with the same settings for the first time. The key is the use of maximum pressure rather than instantaneous pressure. Runs are at 40, 200 and 360 z/cm using JWL++ as the host model. The model also does run-to-detonation, thin-pulse initiation with a P-t curve and air gap crossing, all in cylindrical geometry. Two sizes of MSAD/LX-10/LX-17 snowballs work somewhat with these settings, but are too weak, so that divergent detonation is a challenge for the future. Butterfly meshes are considered but do not appear to solve the issue.
Souers, P C; Haylett, D; Vitello, P
Science & Technology Review March 2010
This month's issue has the following articles: (1) Countering the Growing Chem-Bio Threat -- Commentary by Penrose (Parney) C. Albright; (2) Responding to a Terrorist Attack Involving Chemical Warfare Agents -- Livermore scientists are helping the nation strengthen plans to swiftly respond to an incident involving chemical warfare agents; (3) Revealing the Secrets of a Deadly Disease -- A Livermore-developed system helps scientists better understand how plague bacteria infect healthy host cells; (4) A New Application for a Weapons Code -- Simulations reveal for the first time how blast waves cause traumatic brain injuries; (5) Testing Valuable National Assets for X-Ray Damage -- Experiments at the National Ignition Facility are measuring the effects of radiation on critical systems; and (6) An Efficient Way to Harness the Sun's Power -- New solar thermal technology is designed to supply residential electric power at nearly half of the current retail price.
A miniature connector for introducing microliter quantities of solutions into microfabricated fluidic devices, and which incorporates a molded ring or seal set into a ferrule cartridge, with or without a compression screw. The fluidic connector, for example, joins standard high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) tubing to 1 mm diameter holes in silicon or glass, enabling ml-sized volumes of sample solutions to be merged with .mu.l-sized devices. The connector has many features, including ease of connect and disconnect; a small footprint which enables numerous connectors to be located in a small area; low dead volume; helium leak-tight; and tubing does not twist during connection. Thus the connector enables easy and effective change of microfluidic devices and introduction of different solutions in the devices.
Micromachined magnetohydrodynamic actuators and sensors
A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) micropump and microsensor which utilizes micromachining to integrate the electrodes with microchannels and includes a magnet for producing magnetic fields perpendicular to both the electrical current direction and the fluid flow direction. The magnet can also be micromachined and integrated with the micropump using existing technology. The MHD micropump, for example, can generate continuous, reversible flow, with readily controllable flow rates. The flow can be reversed by either reversing the electrical current flow or reversing the magnetic field. By mismatching the electrodes, a swirling vortex flow can be generated for potential mixing applications. No moving parts are necessary and the dead volume is minimal. The micropumps can be placed at any position in a fluidic circuit and a combination of micropumps can generate fluidic plugs and valves.
Lee, Abraham P. (Walnut Creek, CA); Lemoff, Asuncion V. (Union City, CA)
Science and Technology Review July/August 2010
This issue has the following articles: (1) Deterrence with a Minimum Nuclear Stockpile - Commentary by Bruce T. Goodwin; (2) Enhancing Confidence in the Nation's Nuclear Stockpile - Livermore experts are participating in a national effort aimed at predicting how nuclear weapon materials and systems will likely change over time; (3) Narrowing Uncertainties - For climate modeling and many other fields, understanding uncertainty, or margin of error, is critical; (4) Insight into a Deadly Disease - Laboratory experiments reveal the pathogenesis of tularemia in host cells, bringing scientists closer to developing a vaccine for this debilitating disease. (5) Return to Rongelap - On the Rongelap Atoll, Livermore scientists are working to minimize radiological exposure for natives now living on or wishing to return to the islands.
Blobaum, K M
Solids transportation model of an industrial rotary dryer
A complete simulation model has been developed for an industrial rotary dryer to account for the heat and mass exchange between the solids and the gas. This simulator is mainly composed of three models: solids transportation model, furnace model, and gas model. The solids transportation model is the modified Cholette-Cloutier model. It consists of a series of interactive reservoirs which are subdivided into an active and dead compartments to account for the characteristic extended tail of the residence time distribution (RTD) curves observed in industrial dryers. To expand the validity of the model, experiments have been performed in an industrial rotary dryer to obtain RTD curves under different mineral concentrate and gas flow rates. This paper describes these experiments and presents the variation of the average residence time and model parameters as function of solids and gas flow rates.
Renaud, M.; Thibault, J.; Trusiak, A.
Ni coarsening in the three-phase solid oxide fuel cell anode - a phase-field simulation study
Ni coarsening in Ni-yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid oxide fuel cell anodes is considered a major reason for anode degradation. We present a predictive, quantative modeling framework based on the phase-field approach to systematically examine coarsening kinetics in such anodes. The initial structures for simulations are experimentally acquired functional layers of anodes. Sample size effects and error analysis of contact angles are examined. Three phase boundary (TPB) lengths and Ni surface areas are quantatively identified on the basis of the active, dead-end, and isolated phase clusters throughout coarsening. Tortuosity evolution of the pores is also investigated. We find that phase clusters with larger characteristic length evolve slower than those with smaller length scales. As a result, coarsening has small positive effects on transport, and impacts less on the active Ni surface area than the total counter part. TPBs, however, are found to be sensitive to local morphological features and are only i...
Chen, Hsun-Yi; Cronin, J Scott; Wilson, James R; Barnett, Scott A; Thornton, Katsuyo
Microsoft Word - 0905_rev0.doc
Environmental Programs, Oakland, California Environmental Programs, Oakland, California Weiss Associates Environmental Science, Engineering and Management ANNUAL SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT CALENDAR YEAR 2004 for the LABORATORY FOR ENERGY-RELATED HEALTH RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Submitted to: United States Department of Energy Oakland Environmental Programs 1301 Clay Street Oakland, California 94612-5208 Prepared by: Weiss Associates 5801 Christie Avenue, Suite 600 Emeryville, California 94608-1827 September 22, 2005 Rev. 0 DOE Delivery Order No. DE-AD03-04NA99610 J:\DOE\4108\137\ASER 2004\0905_REV0.DOC WEISS ASSOCIATES Project Number: 128-4108 ANNUAL SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT CALENDAR YEAR 2004 for the LABORATORY FOR ENERGY-RELATED HEALTH RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
A Stable Open Framework with Wide Open Spaces | Advanced Photon Source
Pumping Through the Middle Crust Pumping Through the Middle Crust Looking for Ways to Improve Vaccines Against the Deadly Rotavirus A "Colossal" Magnetic Effect under Pressure Using High Pressure to Reveal Quantum Criticality in an Elemental Antiferromagnet Nano Changes Have Macro Importance for a Key Electronics Material Science Highlights Archives: 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | Subscribe to APS Science Highlights rss feed A Stable Open Framework with Wide Open Spaces AUGUST 11, 2009 Bookmark and Share In this depiction of the structure of PCN-61, a metal-organic framework, copper atoms (blue) sit in "paddlewheel" structures with oxygen (red) and carbon (black) atoms. The paddlewheels link together to form
Deputy Secretary Poneman's Remarks at the Third Annual Nuclear Deterrence
at the Third Annual Nuclear at the Third Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit - As Prepared for Delivery Deputy Secretary Poneman's Remarks at the Third Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit - As Prepared for Delivery February 17, 2011 - 3:49pm Addthis Third Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit Thursday, February 17, 2011 Arlington, Virginia "Nuclear Energy and Nonproliferation" "We face a choice between the quick and the dead." These are the words that Bernard Baruch used to introduce his plan to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, at the opening session of the UN Atomic Energy Commission, at Hunter College in NYC, in June 1946. Fortunately, throughout the intervening decades, we have been quick, or at least quick enough. Indeed, sometimes we seemed to be just a step or
Reading Comprehension - Soil
Soil Soil What Is Soil? Soil is the loose top layer of Earth's surface. Plants depend on soil. It holds them up. It provides them with food and water. Soil is made of _________ fungi humus particles . These very small pieces mostly come from rocks broken down by weathering. Other soil particles come from rotting remains of plants and animals. The part of soil that comes from living things is called _________ loam organic matter texture . Soil Life Many small organisms live in soil. They include worms, bacteria, and fungi. _________ Fungi Humus Particles are like plants, but they aren't green. And they have no leaves, flowers, or roots. The organisms feed on dead plants and animals. They cause them to _________ decay loam particles , or break down. The decayed plant and animal matter is called _________ fungi humus
Microsoft Word - Blurbs for Nik.doc
NFPA Chemical Labeling System NFPA Chemical Labeling System The NFPA diamond is a coded symbol which combines both color and numerical rating (0-4) to indicate the degree of hazard associated with the substance. Blue = Health Red = Flammability Yellow = Reactivity White = Other Flammability (flash points) Health 0 = Will not burn 0 = Normal Material 1 = above 200 degrees Fahrenheit 1 = Slight Hazard 2 = Between 100-200 degrees Fahrenheit 2 = Moderately Hazardous 3 = Below 100 degrees Fahrenheit 3 = Extremely Hazardous 4 = Flash point below 73 degrees Fahrenheit 4 = Deadly Reactivity Specific Hazard 0 = Stable ACID-acid 1 = Unstable if heated ALK-alkali 2 = Violent chemical change COR-corrosive 3 = Shock or heat may detonate OX-oxidizer
Global health response more accurate with automated influenza surveillance
Global health response more accurate with automated influenza Global health response more accurate with automated influenza surveillance Global health response more accurate with automated influenza surveillance Public health officials will be able to determine whether an outbreak of an infectious disease comes from a pandemic strain or one less virulent. January 31, 2011 Lance Green of LANL tests an earlier version of a modular laboratory like the ones that will be part of the High-Throughput Laboratory Network Lance Green of LANL tests an earlier version of a modular laboratory like the ones that will be part of the High-Throughput Laboratory Network-a series of compact, self-contained, automated systems for surveillance and screening of potential pandemic strains of influenza and other deadly infectious diseases.
NPP Grassland: Charleville, Australia
Charleville, Australia, 1973-1974 Charleville, Australia, 1973-1974 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Christie, E. K. 1999. NPP Grassland: Charleville, Australia, 1973-1974. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Above-ground and below-ground productivity of a native C3 grassland and an introduced C4 grassland were studied from 1973 to 1974 near Charleville in southern Queensland, north-east Australia. The study was carried out with a view to parameterising a simulation model of primary production and livestock carrying capacity. Measurements of above-ground and below-ground standing crop (live + dead matter) were made every 2 weeks during the growing seasons - otherwise
OSTI, US Dept of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
The National Library of EnergyBeta: A Gateway to Information about the The National Library of EnergyBeta: A Gateway to Information about the "All-of-the-Above" Energy Strategy by Dr. Jeffrey Salmon on Thu, 26 Sep, 2013 Picture of the National Library of Energy Logo While I have not taken a formal survey, my experience over many years as a Department of Energy (DOE) employee suggest to me that most people have no idea what DOE does. Let me amend that. Many people know exactly what we do. DOE controls the price of gas at the pump; it manages natural gas drilling, builds pipe lines and regulates refineries. As it turns out, people know a great deal about DOE, it's just that most of it is dead wrong. Look it up and you'll find that "[t]he mission of the Energy Department is to ensure America's security and prosperity by addressing its energy,
Fluid mechanics of membrane-coated ceramic filters
Analytical models are formulated for evaluating the fluid mechanics of membrane-coated, dead-end ceramic filters. The models are applicable to forward flow as in the filtration mode and reverse flow as in the back-pulse cleaning mode. General criteria are derived to size the filter passages from considerations of Darcy pressure drop, friction pressure drop, and the dynamic head. These criteria together with Reynolds numbers are shown to provide measures of nonuniformities in face velocity and pressure that develop in the filter passages for atmospheric and high-pressure applications. A methodology is presented for optimizing the venturi geometry from the standpoint of minimizing pulse gas usage and controlling the thermal load imposed on the filter assembly.
Ahluwalia, R.K.; Geyer, H.K. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Technology Development Div.
Stress analysis of single port (ISB) jumper connectors for 2-, 3-, and 4-in. sizes
Jumper connectors are used in the Hanford site for remotely connecting jumper pipe lines in the radioactive zones. The jumper pipes are used for transporting radioactive fluids and hazardous chemicals. This report evaluates the adequacy and the integrity of the 2-, 3-, and 4-in. single-port integral seal block (ISB) jumper connector assemblies, as well as the three-way 2-in. configuration. The evaluation considers limiting forces from the piping to the nozzle. A stress evaluation of the jumper components (hook, hook pin, operating screw, nozzle and nozzle flange, and block) under operational (pressure, thermal, dead weight, and axial torquing of the jumper) and seismic loading is addressed in the report.
Islam, M.A.; Julyk, J.L.; Weiner, E.O. [ICF Kaiser Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States)
Substrate Recognition Strategy for Botulinum Neurotoxin
Substrate Recognition Strategy Substrate Recognition Strategy for Botulinum Neurotoxin Substrate Recognition Strategy for Botulinum Neurotoxin Print Wednesday, 25 May 2005 00:00 Clostridal neurotoxins (CNTs) are the causative agents of the neuroparalytic diseases botulism and tetanus. By inhibiting release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, for example, the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum interferes with nerve impulses and causes a paralysis of respiratory and skeletal muscles that can cause death. Researchers from Stanford University have now determined the first structure of a CNT in complex with its target. The structure at a resolution of 2.1 Å, together with enzyme kinetic data, reveals an array of active sites (exosites) that give the CNT its deadly specificity.
The Autonomous Pathogen Detection System (APDS)
Shaped like a mailbox on wheels, it's been called a bioterrorism ''smoke detector.'' It can be found in transportation hubs such as airports and subways, and it may be coming to a location near you. Formally known as the Autonomous Pathogen Detection System, or APDS, this latest tool in the war on bioterrorism was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to continuously sniff the air for airborne pathogens and toxins such as anthrax or plague. The APDS is the modern day equivalent of the canaries miners took underground with them to test for deadly carbon dioxide gas. But this canary can test for numerous bacteria, viruses, and toxins simultaneously, report results every hour, and confirm positive samples and guard against false positive results by using two different tests. The fully automated system collects and prepares air samples around the clock, does the analysis, and interprets the results. It requires no servicing or human intervention for an entire week. Unlike its feathered counterpart, when an APDS unit encounters something deadly in the air, that's when it begins singing, quietly. The APDS unit transmits a silent alert and sends detailed data to public health authorities, who can order evacuation and begin treatment of anyone exposed to toxic or biological agents. It is the latest in a series of biodefense detectors developed at DOE/NNSA national laboratories. The manual predecessor to APDS, called BASIS (for Biological Aerosol Sentry and Information System), was developed jointly by Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore national laboratories. That system was modified to become BioWatch, the Department of Homeland Security's biological urban monitoring program. A related laboratory instrument, the Handheld Advanced Nucleic Acid Analyzer (HANAA), was first tested successfully at LLNL in September 1997. Successful partnering with private industry has been a key factor in the rapid advancement and deployment of biodefense instruments such as these. The APDS technology has been licensed and is currently undergoing commercialization.
Morris, J; Dzenitis, J
Black Holes in Galaxy Mergers: Evolution of Quasars
Based on numerical simulations of gas-rich galaxy mergers, we discuss a model in which quasar activity is tied to the self-regulated growth of supermassive black holes in galaxies. Nuclear inflow of gas attending a galaxy collision triggers a starburst and feeds black hole growth, but for most of the duration of the starburst, the black hole is heavily obscured by surrounding gas and dust which limits the visibility of the quasar, especially at optical and UV wavelengths. Eventually, feedback energy from accretion heats the gas and expels it in a powerful wind, leaving a 'dead quasar'. Between buried and dead phases there is a window during which the galaxy would be seen as a luminous quasar. Because the black hole mass, radiative output, and distribution of obscuring gas and dust all evolve strongly with time, the duration of this phase of observable quasar activity depends on both the waveband and imposed luminosity threshold. We determine the observed and intrinsic lifetimes as a function of luminosity and frequency, and calculate observable lifetimes ~10 Myr for bright quasars in the optical B-band, in good agreement with empirical estimates and much smaller than the black hole growth timescales ~100 Myr, naturally producing a substantial population of 'buried' quasars. However, observed and intrinsic energy outputs converge in the IR and hard X-ray bands as attenuation becomes weaker and chances of observation greatly increase. We obtain the distribution of column densities along sightlines in which the quasar is seen above a given luminosity, and find that our result agrees remarkably well with observed estimates of the column density distribution from the SDSS for appropriate luminosity thresholds. (Abridged)
Philip F. Hopkins; Lars Hernquist; Thomas J. Cox; Tiziana Di Matteo; Paul Martini; Brant Robertson; Volker Springel
The nature of electrical interaction of Schottky contacts
Electrical interaction between metal-semiconductor contacts combined in a diode matrix with a Schottky barrier manifests itself in an appreciable variation in their surface potentials and static current-volt-characteristics. The necessary condition for appearance of electrical interaction between such contacts consists in the presence of a peripheral electric field (a halo) around them; this field propagates to a fairly large distances (<30 {mu}m). The sufficient condition is the presence of regions where the above halos overlap. It has been shown that variation in the surface potential and the current-voltage characteristics of contacts occurs under the effect of the intrinsic electric field of the contact's periphery and also under the effect of an electric field at matrix periphery; the latter field is formed as a result of superposition of electric fields of halos which form its contacts. The degree of the corresponding effect is governed by the distance between contacts and by the total charge of the space charge regions for all contacts of the matrix: their number, sizes (diameter D{sub i,j}), concentration of doping impurities in the semiconductor N{sub D}, and physical nature of a metal-semiconductor system with a Schottky barrier (with the barrier height {phi}{sub b}). It is established that bringing the contacts closer leads to a relative decrease in the threshold value of the 'dead' zone in the forward current-voltage characteristics, an increase in the effective height of the barrier, and an insignificant increase in the nonideality factor. An increase in the total area of contacts (a total electric charge in the space charge region) in the matrix brings about an increase in the threshold value of the 'dead' zone, a relative decrease in the effective barrier height, and an insignificant increase in the ideality factor.
Torkhov, N. A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Research Institute of Semiconductor Devices (Russian Federation)
A Research on Production Optimization of Coupled Surface and Subsurface Model
One of the main objectives in the Oil & Gas Industry is to constantly improve the reservoir management capabilities by using production optimization strategies that can positively impact the so-called net-present value (NPV) of a given project. In order to achieve this goal the industry is faced with the difficult task of maximizing hydrocarbon production and minimizing unwanted fluids, such as water, while sustaining or even enhancing the reservoir recovery factor by handling properly the fluids at surface facilities. A key element in this process is the understanding of the interactions between subsurface and subsurface dynamics in order to provide insightful production strategies which honor reservoir management surface facility constraints. The implementation of the ideal situation of fully coupling surface/subsurface has been hindered by the required computational efforts involved in the process. Consequently, various types of partially coupling that require less computational efforts are practically implemented. Due to importance of coupling surface and subsurface model on production optimization and taking the advantage of advancing computational performance, this research explores the concept of surface and subsurface model couplings and production optimization. The research aims at demonstrating the role of coupling of surface and subsurface model on production optimization under simple production constraint (i.e. production and injection pressure limit). The normal production prediction runs with various reservoir description (homogeneous-low permeability, homogeneous-high permeability, and heterogeneous permeability) and different fluid properties (dead-oil PVT and lived-oil PVT) were performed in order to understand the effect of coupling level, and coupling scheme with different reservoir descriptions and fluid properties on production and injection rate prediction. The result shows that for dead-oil PVT, the production rate from different coupling schemes in homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoir is less sensitive than lived-oil PVT cases. For lived-oil PVT, the production rate from different coupling schemes in homogeneous high permeability and heterogeneous permeability are more sensitive than homogeneous low permeability. The production optimization on water flooding under production and injection constraint cases is considered here also.
Iemcholvilert, Sevaphol
Captive Rearing Program for Salmon River Chinook Salmon, 2000 Project Progress Report.
During 2000, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) continued to develop techniques to rear chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to sexual maturity in captivity and to monitor their reproductive performance under natural conditions. Eyed-eggs were collected to establish captive cohorts from three study streams and included 503 eyed-eggs from East Fork Salmon River (EFSR), 250 from the Yankee Fork Salmon River, and 304 from the West Fork Yankee Fork Salmon River (WFYF). After collection, the eyed-eggs were immediately transferred to the Eagle Fish Hatchery, where they were incubated and reared by family group. Juveniles collected the previous summer were PIT and elastomer tagged and vaccinated against vibrio Vibrio spp. and bacterial kidney disease before the majority (approximately 75%) were transferred to the National Marine Fisheries Service, Manchester Marine Experimental Station for saltwater rearing through sexual maturity. Smolt transfers included 158 individuals from the Lemhi River (LEM), 193 from the WFYF, and 372 from the EFSR. Maturing fish transfers from the Manchester facility to the Eagle Fish Hatchery included 77 individuals from the LEM, 45 from the WFYF, and 11 from the EFSR. Two mature females from the WFYF were spawned in captivity with four males in 2000. Only one of the females produced viable eggs (N = 1,266), which were placed in in-stream incubators by personnel from the Shoshone-Bannock Tribe. Mature adults (N = 70) from the Lemhi River were released into Big Springs Creek to evaluate their reproductive performance. After release, fish distributed themselves throughout the study section and displayed a progression of habitat associations and behavior consistent with progressing maturation and the onset of spawning. Fifteen of the 17 suspected redds spawned by captive-reared parents in Big Springs Creek were hydraulically sampled to assess survival to the eyed stage of development. Eyed-eggs were collected from 13 of these, and survival ranged from 0% to 96%, although there was evidence that some eggs had died after reaching the eyed stage. Six redds were capped in an attempt to document fry emergence, but none were collected. A final hydraulic sampling of the capped redds yielded nothing from five of the six, but 75 dead eggs and one dead fry were found in the sixth. Smothering by fine sediment is the suspected cause of the observed mortality between the eyed stage and fry emergence.
Venditti, David A.
Early pregnancy diagnosis and embryo/fetus mortality in cattle
Pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography (using a 5 MHZ linear probe) presented the maximum sensitivity and negative predictive values at day 26 and day 29 after estrus in heifers and cows, respectively. Palpation per rectum using the fetal membrane slip for pregnancy diagnosis did not increase embryo/fetus mortality when compared with a positive control group of non-palpated females. The use of a controlled randomized block design was a useful approach to study this problem. Blocking for category and number of embryos allowed us to remove these confounding factors. Factors that affected pregnancy loss during the first four months of pregnancy were: period of pregnancy, age of the animal, number of previous lactations and number of embryos. Pregnancy loss was higher during the embryonic than fetal periods. Spontaneous embryo/fetal mortality increased with the age of the animal and lactation number. The risk of spontaneous embryo/fetus mortality was higher in twin than in single pregnancies. Two types of embryo/fetus mortality were noted: Type I and Type II. Type I was characterized by presence of positive fetal membrane slip by palpation per rectum, signs of degeneration by transrectal ultrasonography and persistence of a functional corpus luteum. The uterus took approximately 3 weeks to be noted clean by transrectal ultrasonography and the animals showed estrus one month after the conceptus was diagnosed dead. Type II was characterized by absence of positive signs of pregnancy by palpation per rectum, absence of signs of degeneration by transrectal ultrasonography and absence of a functional corpus luteum. Pregnancy loss in nuclear transfer derived embryos was higher compared to in vivo derived embryos produced by artificial insemination. Pregnancy loss occurred mainly during the transition from the embryonic to the fetal period. Embryo/fetus mortality detected was Type I. Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum was noted at pregnancy levels for approximately two weeks after embryo/fetus death. Protein B, a hormonal placental marker, was maintained at pregnancy levels for approximately 3 weeks after embryo/fetus death. No differences in the levels of the two hormones were noted when comparing females with dead or live conceptuses.
Romano, Juan Eduardo
Development of Low Temperature Combustion Modes to Reduce Overall Emissions from a Medium-Duty, Four Cylinder Diesel Engine
Low temperature combustion (LTC) is an appealing new method of combustion that promises low nitric oxides and soot emissions while maintaining or improving on engine performance. The three main points of this study were to develop and validate an engine model in GT-Power capable of implementing LTC, to study parametrically exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and injection timing effects on performance and emissions, and to investigate methods to decrease pressure rise rates during LTC operation. The model was validated at nine different operating points, 3 speeds and 3 loads, while the parametric studies were conducted on 6 of the 9 operating points, 3 speeds and 2 loads. The model consists of sections that include: cylinders, ports, intake and exhaust manifolds, EGR system, and turbocharger. For this model, GT-Power calculates the combustion using a multi-zone, quasi-dimensional model and a knock-induced combustion model. The main difference between them is that the multi-zone model is directly injected while the knock model is port injected. A variety of sub models calculate the fluid flow and heat transfer. A parametric study varying the EGR and the injection timing to determine the optimal combination was conducted using the multi-zone model while a parametric study that just varies EGR is carried out using the knock model. The first parametric study showed that the optimal EGR and injection timing combination for the low loads occurred at high levels of EGR (60 percent) and advanced injection timings (30 to 40 crank angle degrees before top dead center). The optimal EGR and injection timing combination for the high loads occurred at low levels of EGR (30 percent to 40 percent) and retarded injection timings (7.5 to 5 crank angle degrees before top dead center). The knock model determined that the ideal EGR ratio for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) operation varied from 30 percent to 45 percent, depending on the operating condition. Three methods were investigated as possible ways to reduce pressure rise rates during LTC operation. The only feasible method was the multiple injection strategy which provided dramatically reduced pressure rise rates across all EGR levels and injection timings.
Breen, Jonathan Robert
Three-dimensional analysis of AP600 standard plant shield building roof
The AP600 passive containment vessel is surrounded by a concrete cylindrical shell covered with a truncated conical roof. This roof supports the passive containment cooling system (PCS) annular tank, shield plate and other nonstructural attachments. When the shield building is subjected to different loading combinations as defined in the Standard Review Plan (SRP), some of the sections in the shield building could experience forces in excess of their design values. This report summarized the three-dimensional finite element analysis that was conducted to review the adequacy of the proposed Westinghouse shield building design. The ANSYS finite element software was utilized to analyze the Shield Building Roof (SBR) under dead, snow, wind, thermal and seismic loadings. A three-dimensional model that included a portion of the shield building cylindrical shell, the conical roof and its attachments, the eccentricities at the cone-cylinder connection and at the compression ring and the PCS tank was developed. Mesh sensitivity studies were conducted to select appropriate element size in the cylinder, cone, near air intakes and in the vicinity of the eccentricities. Also, a study was carried out to correctly idealize the water-structure interaction in the PCS tank. Response spectrum analysis was used to calculate the internal forces at different sections in the SBR under Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE). Forty-nine structural modes and twenty sloshing modes were used. Two horizontal components of the SSE together with a vertical component were used. Modal stress resultants were combined taking into account the effects of closely spaced modes. The three earthquake directions were combined by the Square Root of the Sum Squares method. Two load combinations were studied. The load combination that included dead, snow, fluid, thermal and seismic loads was selected to be the most critical. Interaction diagrams for critical sections were developed and used to check the design adequacy. The results demonstrated that provided area of steal on each face of several sections of the AP600 SBR was inadequate. This was also noticed when comparing the total provided area of steel per section, i.e., the area of steel on both faces. The discrepancy between Westinghouse results and these reported herein could have resulted from the different finite element mesh sizes and the assumption used in Westinghouse design.
Greimann, L.; Fanous, F.; Safar, S.; Khalil, A.; Bluhm, D.
Satellite image analysis for surveillance, vegetation and climate change
Recently, many studies have provided abundant evidence to show the trend of tree mortality is increasing in many regions, and the cause of tree mortality is associated with drought, insect outbreak, or fire. Unfortunately, there is no current capability available to monitor vegetation changes, and correlate and predict tree mortality with CO{sub 2} change, and climate change on the global scale. Different survey platforms (methods) have been used for forest management. Typical ground-based forest surveys measure tree stem diameter, species, and alive or dead. The measurements are low-tech and time consuming, but the sample sizes are large, running into millions of trees, covering large areas, and spanning many years. These field surveys provide powerful ground validation for other survey methods such as photo survey, helicopter GPS survey, and aerial overview survey. The satellite imagery has much larger coverage. It is easier to tile the different images together, and more important, the spatial resolution has been improved such that close to or even higher than aerial survey platforms. Today, the remote sensing satellite data have reached sub-meter spatial resolution for panchromatic channels (IKONOS 2: 1 m; Quickbird-2: 0.61 m; Worldview-2: 0.5 m) and meter spatial resolution for multi-spectral channels (IKONOS 2: 4 meter; Quickbird-2: 2.44 m; Worldview-2: 2 m). Therefore, high resolution satellite imagery can allow foresters to discern individual trees. This vital information should allow us to quantify physiological states of trees, e.g. healthy or dead, shape and size of tree crowns, as well as species and functional compositions of trees. This is a powerful data resource, however, due to the vast amount of the data collected daily, it is impossible for human analysts to review the imagery in detail to identify the vital biodiversity information. Thus, in this talk, we will discuss the opportunities and challenges to use high resolution satellite imagery and machine learning theory to monitor tree mortality at the level of individual trees.
Cai, D Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Upgrading Methane Using Ultra-Fast Thermal Swing Adsorption
The purpose of this project is to design and demonstrate an approach to upgrade low-BTU methane streams from coal mines to pipeline-quality natural gas. The objective of Phase I of the project was to assess the technical feasibility and cost of upgrading low-BTU methane streams using ultra-fast thermal swing adsorption (TSA) using Velocys modular microchannel process technology. The objective of Phase II is to demonstrate the process at the bench-scale. Natural gas upgrading systems have six main unit operations: feed compressor, dehydration unit, nitrogen rejection unit, deoxygenator, carbon dioxide scrubber, and a sales compressor. The NRU is the focus of the development program, and a bench-scale demonstration has been initiated. The Velocys NRU system targets producing methane with greater than 96% purity and at least 90% recovery for final commercial operation. A preliminary cost analysis of the methane upgrading system, including the Velocys NRU, suggests that costs below $2.00 per million (MM) BTU methane may be achieved. The cost for a conventional methane upgrading system is well above $2.30 per MM BTU, as benchmarked in an Environmental Protection Agency study. The project is on schedule and on budget. Task 4, a bench-scale demonstration of the ultra-fast TSA system is complete. Rapid thermal swing of an adsorbent bed using microchannels has been successfully demonstrated and the separation of a 70% methane and 30% nitrogen was purified to 92% methane. The bench-scale demonstration unit was small relative to the system dead volume for the initial phase of experiments and a purge step was added to sweep the dead volume prior to desorbing the bed and measuring purity. A technical and economic feasibility assessment was completed in Task 3. The proposed Velocys technology appears feasible for the methane upgrading market. Evaluated categories include adsorbent selection, rapid-cycle valve selection, microchannel manufacturability assessment, and system design and cost. The selected adsorbent, granular microporous carbon from either Barnaby-Sutcliffe or Calgon, experimentally demonstrated sufficient methane capacity under differential temperature at 100 pounds per square inch gauge. Several valve options were identified, including candidates that can operate millions of cycles between refurbishment. The microchannel adsorber and desorber designs were made using internal Velocys manufacturability standards, and the associated costs are acceptable as included with the complete nitrogen rejection unit (NRU) cost projection. A system design and cost estimate was completed for the NRU section of the methane upgrading system. As integrated into the complete system, the cost is in line with the market requirement.
Anna Lee Tonkovich
Substrate Recognition Strategy for Botulinum Neurotoxin Print Substrate Recognition Strategy for Botulinum Neurotoxin Print Clostridal neurotoxins (CNTs) are the causative agents of the neuroparalytic diseases botulism and tetanus. By inhibiting release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, for example, the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum interferes with nerve impulses and causes a paralysis of respiratory and skeletal muscles that can cause death. Researchers from Stanford University have now determined the first structure of a CNT in complex with its target. The structure at a resolution of 2.1 Å, together with enzyme kinetic data, reveals an array of active sites (exosites) that give the CNT its deadly specificity. Botulism Toxin The best thing one can say about botulism is that it is relatively rare. At worst, botulism can ultimately result in death due to respiratory failure resulting from paralysis of the muscles used in breathing. The muscle paralysis is caused by the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which can be ingested with contaminated food, enter the body through wounds, or (in the case of infants where there is little competition from other microbes) germinate in the intestine from spores. Given early after onset of symptoms, an antitoxin exists that can prevent further damage, but a more effective treatment for this and other neurotoxin-caused illnesses, such as tetanus, await a more detailed understanding of how the toxin works at the molecular level.
Current Oil Formation Current Oil Formation Name: Jerry Status: n/a Grade: other Country: USA Date: Winter 2011-2012 Question: Is oil still being formed in an ongoing fashion by geologic and physical processes just as it was millions of years ago? Replies: Jerry, The process of converting organic detritus into oil only requires that the organic material (dead plants, animals, etc) undergo decomposition in an oxygen poor environment. Long chain hydrocarbons are formed in this way. So in places where there is a lot of organic material buried under rock or below the pinocline of some body of water (a depth and temperature of water where little roiling happens and hence oxygen does not appreciably mix in), then the conversion of organic material into oil should be happening. This might lead you to wonder why are we concerned that fossil fuel is being depleted - and this goes to how much oil is being extracted and used, versus how much oil is being produced by the natural process.
∼ ∼ 3000 Region) Partial-Wave Analyses OMITTED FROM SUMMARY TABLE We list here miscellaneous high-mass candidates for isospin-1/2 res- onances found in partial-wave analyses. Our 1982 edition had an N(3245), an N(3690), and an N(3755), each a narrow peak seen in a production experiment. Since nothing has been heard from them since the 1960's, we declare them to be dead. There was also an N(3030), deduced from total cross-section and 180 ◦ elastic cross-section measurements; it is the KOCH 80 L 1,15 state below. N(∼ 3000) BREIT-WIGNER MASS N(∼ 3000) BREIT-WIGNER MASS N(∼ 3000) BREIT-WIGNER MASS N(∼ 3000) BREIT-WIGNER MASS VALUE (MeV) DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT ≈ 3000 OUR ESTIMATE ≈ 3000 OUR ESTIMATE ≈ 3000 OUR ESTIMATE ≈ 3000 OUR ESTIMATE 2600 KOCH 80 IPWA π N → π N D 13 3100 KOCH 80 IPWA π N → π N L 1,15 wave 3500 KOCH 80 IPWA π N → π N M 1,17 wave 3500 to 4000 KOCH 80 IPWA
Data:47f5e9e9-62d6-4f1f-8860-b44b58c684c2 | Open Energy Information
e9-62d6-4f1f-8860-b44b58c684c2 e9-62d6-4f1f-8860-b44b58c684c2 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Connecticut Light & Power Co Effective date: 2013/07/01 End date if known: Rate name: Rate 117 - Partial Street Lighting Service Sector: Lighting Description: AVAILABLE for municipal street and highway lighting for "dusk to dawn" or "midnight" lighting services as provided below within the Company service area where all street lighting equipment within a specifically defined geographic area of the municipality is owned and maintained by the municipality, and the municipality and the Company have executed an agreement for service under this rate. For purposes hereof, such a specifically defined geographic area installation of a municipality's street lighting equipment shall consist of not less than all lighting equipment on a public way lying between the intersections of that public way and two other public ways or one other public way and a dead end or the municipal boundary.
Snapping Turtles
Snapping Turtles Snapping Turtles Nature Bulletin No. 7 March 24, 1945 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Clayton F. Smith, President Dr. David H. Thompson, Zoologist SNAPPING TURTLES A SNAPPING TURTLE, a BLANDING'S TURTLE and two PAINTED TURTLES were found along the shores of McGinnis Slough on March 10. They were alive but very sluggish. On March 17, nineteen snappers, another Blanding and several painted turtles were found alive. All were very sluggish although it was a warm, sunny day. The two largest snappers, weighing about 25 pounds each, later died. Numbers of dead painted turtles were found along the shore. This was unusually early for turtles to be out. Turtles and frogs "hole up" for the winter and hibernate in the mud under the ice. When animals hibernate, their body processes do not stop completely; they merely slow way down. Some species slow down more than others but all of them continue to breathe or use oxygen, and their hearts continue to beat very slowly. Although turtles can remain under water for long periods in the hot summer, they have lungs and must come up to breathe air once in a while. So it is with frogs. Both turtles and frogs must have some oxygen when they hibernate for the winter under the ice. They get this oxygen by absorbing oxygen, dissolved in the water, through the membranes of their mouths and throats. Some kinds of animals may also take dissolved oxygen in through their skins.
Protozoa Protozoa Name: Alex Beck Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: How many species of protozoa are there? How many are poisonous? What type is most deadly? How do they protozoa catch their food? How do protozoa digest their food? How big is the largest protozoa? How small is the smallest protozoa? Replies: There are about 200,000 living species of protists. This is approximate because scientists do not agree on exactly what organisms should be classified as protists, and because all species have not been found yet. I don't know about poisonous ones except for a type called a dinoflagellate that causes the famous "red tide". It can kill fish when it is present in large numbers, and if eaten by clams and other shellfish, it can poison people who eat the shellfish. Protists capture their food in many ways. Some, like the ameba, surround it with their cell membranes. Other, like the paramecium, have a permanent groove in their membrane, and sweep food into it with little hairs called cilia. Digestion is inside the single cell, not inside a gut (which is actually outside your body if you think about it) like more advanced animals. I don't know sizes well enough to answer your last two questions. I checked all this information (most of which was in my head) in a college biology textbook called "Biology" by Solomon et al
Forest Preserve Wildlife
Forest Preserve Wildlife Forest Preserve Wildlife Nature Bulletin No. 437-A December 11, 1971 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation FOREST PRESERVE WILDLIFE The Forest Preserve District now comprises about 62,512 acres of native landscape, mostly wooded, acquired and held as the statute prescribes: for the purpose of protecting the flora, fauna and scenic beauties in their natural state and condition as nearly as may be. It is a huge wildlife sanctuary wherein no weapon may be carried and no hunting, trapping or molestation of any mammal or bird is permitted. Aside from fish management, the wildlife has been left alone to work out its own systems of checks and balances. There has been no attempt to remove surplus populations; no control of any predator other than wild cats and dogs. None is needed. Dead or hollow trees have been allowed to stand, or lie where they fall, because they furnish homes for many kinds of wildlife and go back into the soil to maintain the health of the woodland. There has been considerable reforestation of open tracts formerly farmed and, in some areas, planting of shrubs and vines which provide food for wildlife.
Fish Scales and Science
Fish Scales and Science Fish Scales and Science Name: Amanda Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: In special education class.Science project time.Topic choosen is HOW DO SCALES HELP FISH? Any suggestions or information would be of help. Replies: Wait a minute. Why do you think the scales help the fish? How do you know they do? Have you talked to a fish lately? Maybe they are useless, or even a problem. Maybe the fish wishes it didn't have scales! I say this only to emphasize two things: First of all, when you think scientifically, the MOST IMPORTANT thing is to be very careful not to assume you know something when you really don't. What I mean by that is: don't think you know the answer before you are dead positive absolutely for-sure 100% certain that you do. Why? Why make a big fuss over being so very careful? Well, I hate to tell you this (but you probably already know it), it's just SO EASY for human beings to fool themselves, to think they know the answers when they really don't know AT ALL what they are talking about. If you have a brother or sister, you know EXACTLY what I mean, I expect.
OSTIblog Posts by Dr. Jeffrey Salmon | OSTI, US Dept of Energy, Office of
Dr. Jeffrey Salmon Dr. Jeffrey Salmon Dr. Jeffrey Salmon's picture Deputy Director for Resource Management, U.S. DOE Office of Science The National Library of EnergyBeta: A Gateway to Information about the "All-of-the-Above" Energy Strategy Picture of the National Library of Energy Logo Published on Sep 26, 2013 While I have not taken a formal survey, my experience over many years as a Department of Energy (DOE) employee suggest to me that most people have no idea what DOE does. Let me amend that. Many people know exactly what we do. DOE controls the price of gas at the pump; it manages natural gas drilling, builds pipe lines and regulates refineries. As it turns out, people know a great deal about DOE, it's just that most of it is dead wrong. Look it up and you'll find that "[t]he mission of the Energy Department is to ensure America's security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions." Hmm. Nothing about gas prices there.
Carpenter Ants
Carpenter Ants Carpenter Ants Nature Bulletin No. 598 April 2, 1960 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Daniel Ryan, President Roberts Mann, Conservation Editor David H. Thompson Senior Naturalist CARPENTER ANTS Cutting stove wood for home heating and cooking used to be a regular wintertime job. Then, when the trees are frozen solid, the work is easy. A large chunk of red oak, for example, pops wide open at a single stroke of the ax. Sometimes the fresh surface exposes a cluster of hibernating Carpenter Ants stiff and numb with cold inside a network of frost-lined tunnels. Warmed by the sun or the heat from a campfire they slowly begin to move their legs and feebly creep away. In summer we see these carpenter ants prowling tree trunks and the forest floor in search of food. Occasionally, if we sit down on a fallen log or tap on a dead tree, dozens of them come rushing out with their antennae waving to see what is causing the disturbance. Less often, a colony is found enlarging its quarters. One ant after another runs out and drops a pellet of wood onto a pile of sawdust on the ground below, then hurries back inside for another load.
Data:06ff544a-bf67-44ad-8e09-a44c49e259bf | Open Energy Information
44a-bf67-44ad-8e09-a44c49e259bf 44a-bf67-44ad-8e09-a44c49e259bf No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: United Illuminating Co Effective date: 2013/01/01 End date if known: Rate name: Rate U - Unmetered Municipal Street Lighting Sector: Lighting Description: Subject to the General Provisions of this rate, unmetered electric service is available under this rate for any town, city, or municipal subdivision for street lighting service on the streets and highways within a specifically defined geographic area of any municipality to Street Lighting Fixtures and/or Underground Utilization Facilities not owned by the Company. For purposes hereof, such a specifically defined geographic area installation of a municipality's street lighting equipment shall consist of not less than all street lighting equipment on a public street lying between the intersections of that public street and two other public streets, or one other public street and a dead end or the municipal boundary.
The Japanese Beetle
Japanese Beetle Japanese Beetle Nature Bulletin No. 579 November 7, 1959 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Daniel Ryan, President Roberts Mann, Conservation Editor David H. Thompson, Senior Naturalist THE JAPANESE BEETLE The deadly warfare between mankind and the insects never ends. Every minute of the day and night, billions of them are attacking our crops, orchards, forests and grasslands. They attack our homes, gardens, and even ourselves. Of those that were inadvertently brought to the United States from foreign countries, one of the most destructive is the Japanese Beetle. This pest was discovered in a nursery near Riverton, New Jersey, in 1916. Evidently some of its grubs -- the larvae-- had arrived a few years earlier in earth around the roots of plants imported from Japan. Over there, native parasites keep this beetle under control. Here, with none of those natural enemies, it multiplied and spread rapidly. Also, before we established stringent preventive measures, it was widely distributed in shipments of nursery and greenhouse plants. Now it hitchhikes on railroad trains and airplanes. Except northern New England, all but three states east of the Great Plains are infested by the Japanese beetle.
Anthrax Lethal Factor
Thiang Yian Wong, Robert Schwarzenbacher and Robert C. Liddington Thiang Yian Wong, Robert Schwarzenbacher and Robert C. Liddington The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. Anthrax Toxin is a major virulence factor in the infectious disease, Anthrax1. This toxin is produced by Bacillus anthracis, which is an encapsulated, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. Inhalation anthrax, the most deadly form, is contracted through breathing spores. Once spores germinate within cells of the immune system called macrophages2, bacterial cells are released into the bloodstream. There they proliferate rapidly and secrete Anthrax Toxin, ultimately leading to septic shock and death. Although antibiotics may be used to kill the bacteria, the level of toxin has often become so high in the bloodstream that removing the bacteria alone is not sufficient to prevent death. Therefore, the design of anti-toxins offers the prospect of treatment in the advanced stages of infection. Together with collaborators from the NIH and Harvard Medical School, we are involved in the atomic resolution study of the Anthrax Toxin components and their complexes, including small molecules with therapeutic potential. Data collection at SSRL and other synchrotron radiation sources has been key to the advances made in this research so far and is expected to play a continuing role in the future.
mission Topic mission Topic The National Library of EnergyBeta: A Gateway to Information about the "All-of-the-Above" Energy Strategy by Dr. Jeffrey Salmon 26 Sep, 2013 in Science Communications Picture of the National Library of Energy Logo While I have not taken a formal survey, my experience over many years as a Department of Energy (DOE) employee suggest to me that most people have no idea what DOE does. Let me amend that. Many people know exactly what we do. DOE controls the price of gas at the pump; it manages natural gas drilling, builds pipe lines and regulates refineries. As it turns out, people know a great deal about DOE, it's just that most of it is dead wrong. Look it up and you'll find that "[t]he mission of the Energy Department is to ensure America's security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions." Hmm. Nothing about gas prices there.
Rotting Logs
441-A January 22, 1972 441-A January 22, 1972 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation ROTTING LOGS Trees are like people. They die from diseases, infections, injuries, burns, drowning, malnutrition, and sometimes just plain old age. Walking through the woods we see, here and there, dead or dying trees of various kinds. For example: a big white oak, with its bark ripped from crown to root, was literally cooked by a bolt of lightning during a summer thunderstorm. In a grove of black oaks, many are dying lingering deaths from infected wounds started years ago when an autumn fire swept through the fallen leaves and scorched the living wood. In a dense forest there are many that have lost the battle for space and sunlight. In some places we see trees that are slowly starving because dashing rains have carried away the fertile topsoil and the trampling feet of picnickers have injured the shallow roots that bring them food.
Plant Rosettes
Rosettes Rosettes Nature Bulletin No. 662 January 13, 1962 Forest Preserve District of Cook County John J. Duffy, President David H. Thompson, Senior Naturalist PLANT ROSETTES In winter our landscape is mostly leafless trees silhouetted against the sky, and the dead stalks of wildflowers, weeds and tall grasses -- with or without a blanket of snow. Some snows lie on the ground for only a few days. Others follow one after another and cover the ground with white for weeks at a time. Soon the eye begins to hunger for a glimpse of something green and growing. Then, in sunny spots where the snow has melted or where youngsters have cleared it away, there appear clusters of fresh green leaves pressed tight to the soil. Whether it is a dandelion in the lawn, a pansy in a flower border, or a thistle in a vacant lot, such a typical leaf cluster -- called a winter rosette -- is a ring of leaves around a short central stem. The leaves are narrow at the base, wider toward the tip, and spread flat on the ground with little or no overlap. This arrangement gives full exposure to sunlight and close contact with the warmer soil beneath. Such plants continue to grow, sometimes faster, sometimes slower, even under snow, throughout winter.
The Portage
Portage Portage Nature Bulletin No. 58 March 23, 1946 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Clayton F. Smith, President Roberts Mann, Supt. of Conservation THE PORTAGE Chicagoland has been millions of years in the making. But for 25,000 years it has been certain that this would be the crossroads for any great civilization on this continent and one of the major metropolitan centers of the world. Even the prehistoric mound-building Indians of the south and those of the north who built effigy mounds, met here to trade for copper. Later the Sioux, the Iroquois, the Illini, the western Algonquins which included the Potawatomi, and other once-powerful Indian rations paid tribute to the strategic Importance of this region with their dead. Finally, in the 1600's, came the white man. Here he discovered a portage across the low continental divide between Lake Michigan and the DesPlaines River, between the watershed of the Great Lakes emptying into the Atlantic Ocean and the watershed of the Mississippi emptying into the Gulf of Mexico.
Outbreak? Outbreak? Name: Nathan W Brandsma Status: N/A Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: What are the chances that a diseases, like in the movie outbreak, could occur? Replies: The movie Outbreak is about a disease caused by a virus. Many diseases are actually caused by viruses (AIDS, chicken pox, colds, etc). Most viral diseases can only be prevented (by getting vaccinated), but can't be cured; though we can often reduce the symptoms (like anti-itch cream for chicken pox, or cough drops for a cold). Viral diseases are usually spread from one person to another. What people sometimes worry about is a new virus that is deadly but can be spread really easily (like through the air or by touch). Since there are so many people in the world today, this virus could travel all over the place going from person to person. Nobody knows what the chances are that a virus like that will turn up. Fortunately, there are a number of organizations that keep a close watch on infectious diseases, and have lots of doctors who specialize in containing "outbreaks." So it is something to think about, but I wouldn't stay up at night worrying about it!
Why is grass green?
is grass green? is grass green? Name: Bob Whitbeck Status: N/A Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: What causes grass to be green? Replies: Bob, Grass and most other plants are green because they contain a pigment known as chlorophyll. The chlorophyll is used in the process of photosynthesis where a plant produces sugar in the presence of sunlight. In fact the word 'photosynthesis' means literally to synthesize or 'make' from light (photo). There are, of course some plants which do not contain chlorophyll, and these generally get their nutrition (food) by other means. Some examples are the fungi which decompose dead, and sometimes living, tissue, for their food. You will find that a green plant needs light to make food. If the source of light is cut off, the plant dies. Mushrooms, which are fungi, do not require light to make food (they decompose matter as I mentioned above) and you can find mushrooms growing in almost total darkness.
training Topic training Topic The National Library of EnergyBeta: A Gateway to Information about the "All-of-the-Above" Energy Strategy by Dr. Jeffrey Salmon 26 Sep, 2013 in Science Communications Picture of the National Library of Energy Logo While I have not taken a formal survey, my experience over many years as a Department of Energy (DOE) employee suggest to me that most people have no idea what DOE does. Let me amend that. Many people know exactly what we do. DOE controls the price of gas at the pump; it manages natural gas drilling, builds pipe lines and regulates refineries. As it turns out, people know a great deal about DOE, it's just that most of it is dead wrong. Look it up and you'll find that "[t]he mission of the Energy Department is to ensure America's security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions." Hmm. Nothing about gas prices there.
Virtual University Topic Virtual University Topic The National Library of EnergyBeta: A Gateway to Information about the "All-of-the-Above" Energy Strategy by Dr. Jeffrey Salmon 26 Sep, 2013 in Science Communications Picture of the National Library of Energy Logo While I have not taken a formal survey, my experience over many years as a Department of Energy (DOE) employee suggest to me that most people have no idea what DOE does. Let me amend that. Many people know exactly what we do. DOE controls the price of gas at the pump; it manages natural gas drilling, builds pipe lines and regulates refineries. As it turns out, people know a great deal about DOE, it's just that most of it is dead wrong. Look it up and you'll find that "[t]he mission of the Energy Department is to ensure America's security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions." Hmm. Nothing about gas prices there.
NPP Grassland: Cañas, Costa Rica
Cañas, Costa Rica, 1969-1970 Cañas, Costa Rica, 1969-1970 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Exclosure at the Cañas site (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Daubenmire, J. 1997. NPP Grassland: Cañas, Costa Rica, 1969-1970. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a derived savanna was determined at the Cañas study site in north-western Costa Rica. Monthly dynamics of above-ground plant matter (live biomass, total live + dead standing crop and estimated mortality) were monitored from July 1969 to June 1970. The Cañas study site (10.4 N 85.1 W) was situated 8 km northwest of the town of Cañas in Guanacaste Province, 1.8 km from the Cañas (La Pacifica)
Y Y : J O H N D . S T E V E N S O N C O N S U L T I N G E N G I N E E R 6 6 1 1 R O C K S I D E R D . I N D E P E N D E N C E , O H I O 4 4 1 3 1 T E L . 2 1 6 - 4 4 7 - 9 4 4 0 E M A I L : J S T E V E N S O N 4 @ E A R T H L I N K . N E T SUMMARY OF REVISED TORNADO, HURRICANE AND EXTREME STRAIGHT WIND CHARACTERISTICS AT NUCLEAR FACILITY SITES Categorization of Natural Hazard Phenomenon and Operational Load Combinations Prior to the 1988 Uniform Building Code, UBC (1) natural hazard phenomenon (earthquake, wind, flooding and precipitation) and operational load combinations were divided into two categories: NORMAL- Loads such as dead, live and design basis pressure. Expected frequency: 1.0 per yr with a limiting acceptance criteria Allowable stress design criteria: equal to one-half to two-thirds of specified minimum yield stress. SEVERE - Natural hazard and operational transient loads.
Use of CORRTEX to measure explosive performance and stem behavior in oil shale fragmentation tests
Continuous Reflectometry for Radius vs Time Experiments (CORRTEX) was used to monitor several conditions of blasts such as the detonation velocity of the explosive column, the functioning of different types of initiators and initiation schemes, and the behavior of the stemming column confining the explosive. The CORRTEX data were also used to deduce the occurrence of dead-pressing of ANFO slurry. Measurements of propagation speeds of shock waves in the stem column with various cables allowed some conclusions concerning bridging, stem failure, and stress levels in the stem. CORRTEX used time-domain reflectometry to interrogate the two-way transit time (TWTT) of a coaxial cable. As the shock front advanced the cable was shorted or destroyed and the resultant TWTT was shorter. Interpretation of these changes as a function of time allowed the position of the shock front to be inferred also as a function of time. This paper describes in some detail the CORRTEX technique and how it was applied to in-situ measurements. Detonation velocities are provided for pelletized ANFO and TNT as well as various ANFO slurries. Observations are made on stem performance as well as shock propagation velocities in several stem materials. Cable characteristics and methods of cable selection are discussed as are techniques for instrumentation of complex blasts to provide initiation time and burn velocity. 3 references, 7 figures.
Schmitt, G.G.; Dick, R.D.
Previous theoretical studies have found that repeating outbursts can occur in certain regions of an accretion disk due to sudden transitions in time from gravitationally produced turbulence to magnetically produced turbulence. We analyze the disk evolution in a state diagram that plots the mass accretion rate versus disk surface density. We determine steady state accretion branches that involve gravitational and magnetic sources of turbulence. Using time-dependent numerical disk simulations, we show that cases having outbursts track along a nonsteady 'dead zone' branch and some steady state accretion branches. The outburst is the result of a rapid inter-branch transition. The gravo-magneto outbursts are then explained on this diagram as a limit cycle that is analogous to the well-known S-curve that has been applied to dwarf nova outbursts. The diagram and limit cycle provide a conceptual framework for understanding the nature of the outbursts that may occur in accretion disks of all scales, from circumplanetary to protoplanetary to active galactic nucleus accretion disks.
Martin, R. G.; Lubow, S. H. [Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States)
Self-Assembly of Nanocomponents into Composite Structures: Derivation and Simulation of Langevin Equations
The kinetics of the self-assembly of nanocomponents into a virus, nanocapsule, or other composite structure is analyzed via a multiscale approach. The objective is to achieve predictability and to preserve key atomic-scale features that underlie the formation and stability of the composite structures. We start with an all-atom description, the Liouville equation, and the order parameters characterizing nanoscale features of the system. An equation of Smoluchowski type for the stochastic dynamics of the order parameters is derived from the Liouville equation via a multiscale perturbation technique. The self-assembly of composite structures from nanocomponents with internal atomic structure is analyzed and growth rates are derived. Applications include the assembly of a viral capsid from capsomers, a ribosome from its major subunits, and composite materials from fibers and nanoparticles. Our approach overcomes errors in other coarse-graining methods which neglect the influence of the nanoscale configuration on the atomistic fluctuations. We account for the effect of order parameters on the statistics of the atomistic fluctuations which contribute to the entropic and average forces driving order parameter evolution. This approach enables an efficient algorithm for computer simulation of self-assembly, whereas other methods severely limit the timestep due to the separation of diffusional and complexing characteristic times. Given that our approach does not require recalibration with each new application, it provides a way to estimate assembly rates and thereby facilitate the discovery of self-assembly pathways and kinetic dead-end structures.
Stephen Pankavich; Zeina Shreif; Yinglong Miao; Peter Ortoleva
Implications for C-14 Dating of the Jenkins-Fischbach Effect and Possible Fluctuation of the Solar Fusion Rate
It has long been known that the C-14 calibration curve, which relates the known age of tree rings to their apparent C-14 ages, includes a number of "wiggles" which clearly are not experimental errors or other random effects. A reasonable interpretation of these wiggles is that they indicate that the Sun's fusion "furnace" is pulsating, perhaps for reasons similar to that of the Cepheid variables, albeit under a very different regime of pressure and temperature. If this speculation is correct, we are seeing the heartbeat of the Sun-the C-14 calibration curve is the Sun's "neutrino-cardiogram." Elevated neutrino flux during a relatively brief period would have two effects: (1) a surge in C-14 fraction in the atmosphere, which would make biological samples that were alive during the surge appear to be "too young" (2) depletion of C-14 in the biotic matter already dead at the time of the surge; this is a consequence of the recently discovered Jenkins-Fischbach effect, which is an observed correlation between nuclear decay rates and solar activity or Earth-Sun distance. In addition, the precise value at any given time of the "half-life" of any unstable isotope-including C-14-must now be considered in doubt, since the Jenkins-Fischbach effect implies that we may no longer view the decay rate of an isotope as intrinsically governed and therefore a constant of Nature.
Alvin J. Sanders
A comparison between direct spark ignition and prechamber ignition in an internal combustion engine
We simulated the flow field and flame propagation near top dead center in a generic large-bore internal combustion engine using the COYOTE computer program, which is based on the full Navier-Stokes equations for a fluid mixture. The combustion chamber is a right circular cylinder, and the main charge is uniformly premixed. The calculations are axisymmetric. The results illustrate the differences in flow patterns, flame propagation, and thermal NO production between ignition with a spark plug and with a small prechamber. In the spark-ignited case, the flame propagates away from the spark plug approximately as a segment of a spherical surface, just as expected. With the prechamber, a high speed jet of hot combustion products shoots into the main chamber, quickly producing a large flame sheet that spreads along the piston face. The prechamber run consumes all of the fuel in half the time required by the spark-ignited case. The two cases produce comparable amounts of thermal NO at the end of fuel combustion.
Cloutman, L.D.
Improving the gas-chromatographic determination of the composition of the gas liberated from a battery
Normally, gas chromatography is used for analyzing the gas composition that is liberated when batteries operate. Earlier work describes a gas-chromatographic technique for determining the composition of gas liberated from a battery. According to this reference, the gas is collected in an inverted burette over water. The gas is either sampled with a batching valve or with a medical syringe, which pierces the connecting vacuum hoses. The gas sample is injected into the chromatographic evaporator, and is separated on the chromatographic column into its individual components, each of which is analyzed on the detector. The method described was used to study gas liberation during the storage of charged nickel-zinc batteries. In the method described above, a high proportion of the gas specimen that accumulates and is collected in the measuring system occurs in the dead space volume. In this situation, it is very difficult to determine the liberated gas composition with a high degree of accuracy when the gas is liberated at low rates. Moreover, this method does not provide reliable system air tightness during long term operation of the batteries. 5 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Dmitriev, V.V.; Zubov, M.S.; Baulov, V.I.; Toguzov, B.M.
Quality studies of the data taking conditions for the Auger Fluorescence Detector
As more than half of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Auger Observatory is completed, data taking is becoming a routine job. It is then necessary to follow strict procedures to assure the quality of the data. An overview of the data taking methods is given. The nature of the FD background signal is due to the night sky brightness (stars and planet faint light, moonlight, twilight, airglow, zodiacal and artificial light) and to the electronic background (photomultiplier and electronic noise). The analysis of the fluctuations in the FADC signal (variance analysis), directly proportional to the background mean light level, performed for each night of data taking is used to monitor the FD background signal. The data quality is analysed using different techniques, described in detail. Examples of trigger rates, number of stereo events, dead time due to moonlight, weather or hardware problems are given. The analysis comprises several months of data taking, giving an overview of the FD capabilities, performance and allowing a systematic study of data and their correlation with the environment.
R. Caruso; R. Fonte; A. Insolia; S. Petrera; J. Rodriguez Martino; Pierre Auger Collaboration
Relationship of diets and environmental contaminants in wintering bald eagles. [Haliaeetus leucocephalus
We investigated the relationship between diets and potential hazards in contaminants of wintering bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the Klamath Basin of northern California and southern Oregon. We studied diets by identifying remains of 913 prey items found at perches, examining 341 castings collected from communal night roots, and observing foraging eagles. We determined residues of organochlorine compounds, lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in bald eagles and their prey by analyzing eagle blood samples and carcasses and 8 major prey species. Bald eagles fed largely on waterfowl by scavenging cholera-killed ducks and geese and on microtine rodents during mid- to late winter. Residues of organochlorine pesticides and Hg in prey were low, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were detected in low concentrations in 9% of prey samples. Means Pb concentrations in prey ranged from 0.15 to 4.79 ppm. Mercury was detected in all eagle blood samples, and Pb was detected in 41% of the bald eagle blood samples. Mean Pb concentration in livers of dead eagles was 2.09 ppm and ranged as high as 27 ppm in an eagle that died of Pb poisoning. Prey of the eagles were relatively free of contaminants with the possible exception of embedded Pb shot in waterfowl, which may present a potential for Pb poisoning of eagles.
Frenzel, R.W.; Anthony, R.G. (Oregon State Univ., Corvallis (USA))
Characterization of Epitaxial Film Silicon Solar Cells Grown on Seeded Display Glass: Preprint
We report characterizations of epitaxial film crystal silicon (c-Si) solar cells with open-circuit voltages (Voc) above 560 mV. The 2-um absorber cells are grown by low-temperature (EAGLE XG display glass coated with a layer-transferred (LT) Si seed. The high Voc is a result of low-defect epitaxial Si (epi-Si) growth and effective hydrogen passivation of defects. The quality of HWCVD epitaxial growth on seeded glass substrates depends on the crystallographic quality of the seed and the morphology of the epitaxial growth surface. Heterojunction devices consist of glass/c-Si LT seed/ epi n+ Si:P/epi n- Si:P/intrinsic a-Si:H/p+ a-Si:H/ITO. Similar devices grown on electronically 'dead' n+ wafers have given Voc {approx}630 mV and {approx}8% efficiency with no light trapping features. Here we study the effects of the seed surface polish on epi-Si quality, how hydrogenation influences the device character, and the dominant junction transport physics.
Young, D. L.; Grover, S.; Teplin, C.; Stradins, P.; LaSalvia, V.; Chuang, T. K.; Couillard, J. G.; Branz, H. M.
Determination of white phosphorus residues in ducks: An atomic emission detection/compound-independent calibration-based method of generating residue data for risk assessment and environmental monitoring
Analysis of phosphorus concentrations in the gizzards of ducks harvested from munitions sites is necessary to ascertain if acute phosphorus toxicity was the cause of death and to estimate potential secondary hazards to predators and scavengers, such as eagles that readily consume the dead ducks. Gas chromatography-atomic emission detection analysis permitted compound-independent quantification of white phosphorus standards following analysis of the stable phosphorus-containing compound triethyl phosphate. The white phosphorus standards were then used to quantify white phosphorus residues in duck gizzard extracts by gas chromatography-flame photometric detection analysis. For gizzards containing less than 0.01 {micro}g of phosphorus, quantification was based on a three-point calibration curve. For gizzards containing 0.01 {micro}g or more of white phosphorus, single-point calibration was used. Mean recoveries for phosphorus-fortified gizzards ranged from 73 to 91%. The method limit of detection was 0.013 {micro}g of phosphorus. This method was successfully applied to the quantification of white phosphorus in ducks collected from Eagle River Flats, AK. Potential applications to risk assessment and environmental monitoring are also discussed.
Johnston, J.J.; Goldade, D.A.; Kohler, D.J.; Cummings, J.L.
Design of a Fractional Order Phase Shaper for Iso-damped Control of a PHWR under Step-back Condition
Phase shaping using fractional order (FO) phase shapers has been proposed by many contemporary researchers as a means of producing systems with iso-damped closed loop response due to a stepped variation in input. Such systems, with the closed loop damping remaining invariant to gain changes can be used to produce dead-beat step response with only rise time varying with gain. This technique is used to achieve an active step-back in a Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) where it is desired to change the reactor power to a pre-determined value within a short interval keeping the power undershoot as low as possible. This paper puts forward an approach as an alternative for the present day practice of a passive step-back mechanism where the control rods are allowed to drop during a step-back action by gravity, with release of electromagnetic clutches. The reactor under a step-back condition is identified as a system using practical test data and a suitable Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (PID) contro...
Saha, Suman; Ghosh, Ratna; Goswami, Bhaswati; Balasubramanian, R; Chandra, A K; Das, Shantanu; Gupta, Amitava; 10.1109/TNS.2010.2047405
Optimization of laser scribing for thin-film PV modules. Annual technical progress report, 12 April 1995--11 April 1996
One of the most important aspects in moving from the cell level to the integrated module level in thin-film photovoltaics is to achieve reliable and reproducible cell interconnects having low series resistance and high shunt resistance, and to do this with a minimum of dead area between cells. It is known that mechanical scribing often produces considerable damage (e.g., film tearing) surrounding the scribe. Laser scribing has shown the potential for superior scribe widths and profiles for many of the materials involved with thin-film PV. However, problems arc also known to occur with a heat-affected zone around the scribe, and for some materials and some focus conditions high positive ridges or collars are left along the scribe line. The commercially-available scribing systems have been optimized typically for other applications and other materials such as scribing of crystalline Si. Optimum operation for thin-film PV materials has been investigated by several PV manufacturers but there has been limited discussion of problems or of optimum parameters in the open literature. Furthermore, to our knowledge, there has been little investigation of the applicability, for thin-film PV, of laser systems other than the traditional cw lamp-pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG.
Compaan, A.D.; Jayamaha, U.; Matulionis, I.; Miller, M.J. [Univ. of Toledo, OH (United States)
Old and new neutron stars
The youngest known radiopulsar in the rapidly spinning magnetized neutron star which powers the Crab Nebula, the remnant of the historical supernova explosion of 1054 AD. Similar neutron stars are probably born at least every few hundred years, but are less frequent than Galactic supernova explosions. They are initially sources of extreme relativistic electron and/or positron winds (approx.10/sup 38/s/sup -1/ of 10/sup 12/ eV leptons) which greatly decrease as the neutron stars spin down to become mature pulsars. After several million years these neutron stars are no longer observed as radiopulsars, perhaps because of large magnetic field decay. However, a substantial fraction of the 10/sup 8/ old dead pulsars in the Galaxy are the most probable source for the isotropically distributed ..gamma..-ray burst detected several times per week at the earth. Some old neutron stars are spun-up by accretion from companions to be resurrected as rapidly spinning low magnetic field radiopulsars. 52 references, 6 figures, 3 tables.
Ruderman, M.
Studies of mechanical properties and irradiation damage nucleation of HTGR graphites. Progress report, June 1, 1975--January 31, 1976
An apparatus has been constructed for the examination of the effect of compressive stress on the reaction of graphite with a gaseous mixture of helium, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The system alloyws for the concentration of each constituent to be independently varied and continuously monitored. Concentrations of CO and CO/sub 2/ are measured using infrared gas analyzers and the H/sub 2/O content by means of a trace moisture analyzer. The graphite specimen is 1-1/2'' long x 3/4'' diameter and is stressed by dead weight loading between an alumina hammer and anvil. The load is applied by a simple lever arm arrangement through a metal bellows on top of a mullite lined furnace. The reaction rate is determined via the concentrations of CO and CO/sub 2/ in the effluent gas. Initial set up and testing of the apparatus is almost completed and initial experience is that the apparatus meets the requirements of the proposed research. Samples of two pyrolytic graphites have been doped with boron to concentrations of 30 and 400 ppM for irradiation at 1300/sup 0/C later in the year in order to determine the possible effect of boron on vacancy nucleation at such high temperatures.
Thrower, P.A.
Accurate determination of Curium and Californium isotopic ratios by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) in 248Cm samples for transmutation studies
The French Atomic Energy Commission has carried out several experiments including the mini-INCA (INcineration of Actinides) project for the study of minor-actinide transmutation processes in high intensity thermal neutron fluxes, in view of proposing solutions to reduce the radiotoxicity of long-lived nuclear wastes. In this context, a Cm sample enriched in {sup 248}Cm ({approx}97 %) was irradiated in thermal neutron flux at the High Flux Reactor (HFR) of the Laue-Langevin Institute (ILL). This work describes a quadrupole ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) analytical procedure for precise and accurate isotopic composition determination of Cm before sample irradiation and of Cm and Cf after sample irradiation. The factors that affect the accuracy and reproducibility of isotopic ratio measurements by ICP-QMS, such as peak centre correction, detector dead time, mass bias, abundance sensitivity and hydrides formation, instrumental background, and memory blank were carefully evaluated and corrected. Uncertainties of the isotopic ratios, taking into account internal precision of isotope ratio measurements, peak tailing, and hydrides formations ranged from 0.3% to 1.3%. This uncertainties range is quite acceptable for the nuclear data to be used in transmutation studies.
Gourgiotis, A.; Isnard, H.; Aubert, M.; Dupont, E.; AlMahamid, I.; Cassette, P.; Panebianco, S.; Letourneau, A.; Chartier, F.; Tian, G.; Rao, L.; Lukens, W.
Structure-toxicity assessment of metabolites of the aerobic bacterial transformation of substituted naphthalenes
Pseudomonas fluorescens 5R, a naphthalene-degrading bacterium isolated from manufactured gas plant soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was examined for its degradative capacity of a number of substituted naphthalenes. In general, those compounds substituted on only one ring with an electrically neutral substituent were found to be transformed primarily to substituted salicylic acids according to the classical (NAH7) naphthalene dioxygenase-initiated upper pathway reactions of the naphthalene degradative pathway (i.e., the NAH system). Dimethylnaphthalenes with a substituent on each ring, and certain halogenated naphthalenes, were transformed via a monohydroxylation reaction to form hydroxylated dead-end products. Of the substituted salicylic acids examined, only 3- and 4-methylsalicylic acid, the respective products of the degradation of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, were further degraded by salicylate hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, the first two enzymes of the NAH lower pathway. Using the Tetrahymena pyriformis acute toxicity assay, many of the monohydroxylated products of incomplete biodegradation were found to be polar narcotics. Substituted salicylic acids that are not further degraded by the NAH lower pathway were found to be toxic via carboxylic acid narcosis.
LeBlond, J.D.; Applegate, B.M.; Menn, F.M.; Schultz, T.W.; Sayler, G.S.
Socio-cultural acceptability of cadaver Transplantation in Iran
Organ transplantation is known to be a new and innovative treatment for patients with progressive organ failures. The present study investigates the current status of transplantation from cadaver along with its socio-cultural acceptability in Iran. The present study is a descriptive research in a systematic review method. Here, by investigating previously conducted researches in Iran during the period 2002-2010, the status of transplantation from cadaver and its socio-cultural acceptability in Iran has been investigated. To collect the data, the access to Iranmedex website, the premier medical data center in Iran, was made possible using the related keywords. The obtained data indicate whereas there is an increase in the number of organ donations from cadaver, it is still low in comparison to other countries. The lack of consent from families of brain-dead patients is a major hurdle on the way of organ transplantation in Iran. In the cases of willingness to donate organs, the major effective factors were the deceased�s religious beliefs and prior tendency. In 66 % of the cases, the donors � families deemed organ donation phenomenon effective in alleviating the sorrow after the death of their beloved ones. The number of organ donation from cadaver in Iran is low contrary to other countries. It seems that general instructions to raise the knowledge on the subject and lay the foundation to increase the tendency towards posthumous organ donation are necessary.
Mobasser N; Zahmatkeshan N; Farhadi N; Nikeghbalian S; Hasankhani H
Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Adrenal Gland Metastases: University of Florence Experience
Purpose: To evaluate a retrospective single-institution outcome after hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for adrenal metastases. Methods and Materials: Between February 2002 and December 2009, we treated 48 patients with SBRT for adrenal metastases. The median age of the patient population was 62.7 years (range, 43-77 years). In the majority of patients, the prescription dose was 36 Gy in 3 fractions (70% isodose, 17.14 Gy per fraction at the isocenter). Eight patients were treated with single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery and forty patients with multi-fraction stereotactic radiotherapy. Results: Overall, the series of patients was followed up for a median of 16.2 months (range, 3-63 months). At the time of analysis, 20 patients were alive and 28 patients were dead. The 1- and 2-year actuarial overall survival rates were 39.7% and 14.5%, respectively. We recorded 48 distant failures and 2 local failures, with a median interval to local failure of 4.9 months. The actuarial 1-year disease control rate was 9%; the actuarial 1- and 2-year local control rate was 90%. Conclusion: Our retrospective study indicated that SBRT for the treatment of adrenal metastases represents a safe and effective option with a control rate of 90% at 2 years.
Casamassima, Franco, E-mail: email@example.com [Clinical Radiobiological Institute, University of Florence, Florence (Italy); Livi, Lorenzo [Department of Radiation-Oncology, University of Florence, Florence (Italy); Masciullo, Stefano; Menichelli, Claudia; Masi, Laura [Clinical Radiobiological Institute, University of Florence, Florence (Italy); Meattini, Icro [Department of Radiation-Oncology, University of Florence, Florence (Italy); Bonucci, Ivano [Clinical Radiobiological Institute, University of Florence, Florence (Italy); Agresti, Benedetta; Simontacchi, Gabriele [Department of Radiation-Oncology, University of Florence, Florence (Italy); Doro, Raffaela [Clinical Radiobiological Institute, University of Florence, Florence (Italy)
Re DSM: Here comes demand-side marketing
Demand-side management (DSM) programs where utilities pay large rebates for energy efficient equipment are being declared dead. The popular view of DSM in the past was to encourage conservation of energy with significant rebates, credits and other incentives offered by electric and also natural gas utilities. After years of increase in utility DSM expenditures, the first decline took place last year of about 6% for the electric industry. Although still spending more than $2 billion in 1994, utilities have continued this year to reduce the number of DSM programs. For some utilities there has been a dramatic abandonment of energy efficiency incentive programs. Where programs remain, utilities are placing increased emphasis on the most cost-effective ones which are usually directed toward commercial and industrial facilities. At the same time utilities have been transforming their programs from demand-side management to demand-side marketing. The objectives have shifted to retaining existing customers, developing new accounts, and increasing profitable sales. Incentives are justified in this new cost-driven competitive environment when they result in decreased rates for all customers. Whereas, in the past, DSM program participants were the primary beneficiaries with reduced bills, in the new marketing environment all customers can benefit from reduced bills.
Barrett, L.B. [Barrett Consulting Associates, Inc., Colorado Springs, CO (United States)
Factors controlling pathogen destruction during anaerobic digestion of biowastes
Anaerobic digestion is the principal method of stabilising biosolids from urban wastewater treatment in the UK, and it also has application for the treatment of other types of biowaste. Increasing awareness of the potential risks to human and animal health from environmental sources of pathogens has focused attention on the efficacy of waste treatment processes at destroying pathogenic microorganisms in biowastes recycled to agricultural land. The degree of disinfection achieved by a particular anaerobic digester is influenced by a variety of interacting operational variables and conditions, which can often deviate from the ideal. Experimental investigations demonstrate that Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are not damaged by mesophilic temperatures, whereas rapid inactivation occurs by thermophilic digestion. A hydraulic, biokinetic and thermodynamic model of pathogen inactivation during anaerobic digestion showed that a 2 log{sub 10} reduction in E. coli (the minimum removal required for agricultural use of conventionally treated biosolids) is likely to challenge most conventional mesophilic digesters, unless strict maintenance and management practices are adopted to minimise dead zones and by-pass flow. Efficient mixing and organic matter stabilisation are the main factors controlling the rate of inactivation under mesophilic conditions and not a direct effect of temperature per se on pathogenic organisms.
Smith, S.R. [Centre for Environmental Control and Waste Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Lang, N.L. [Centre for Environmental Control and Waste Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Cheung, K.H.M. [Centre for Environmental Control and Waste Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Spanoudaki, K. [Centre for Environmental Control and Waste Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)
Combustion characteristics and influential factors of isooctane active-thermal atmosphere combustion assisted by two-stage reaction of n-heptane
This paper presents an experimental study on the isooctane active-thermal atmosphere combustion (ATAC) which is assisted by two-stage reaction of n-heptane. The active-thermal atmosphere is created by low- and high-temperature reactions of n-heptane which is injected at intake port, and isooctane is directly injected into combustion chamber near the top dead center. The effects of isooctane injection timing, active-thermal atmosphere intensity, overall equivalence ratio, and premixed ratio on combustion characteristics and emissions are investigated. The experimental results reveal that, the isooctane ignition and combustion can be classified to thermal atmosphere combustion, active atmosphere combustion, and active-thermal atmosphere combustion respectively according to the extent of n-heptane oxidation as well as effects of isooctane quenching and charge cooling. n-Heptane equivalence ratio, isooctane equivalence ratio and isooctane delivery advance angle are major control parameters. In one combustion cycle, the isooctane ignited and burned after those of n-heptane, and then this combustion phenomenon can also be named as dual-fuel sequential combustion (DFSC). The ignition timing of the overall combustion event is mainly determined by n-heptane equivalence ratio and can be controlled in flexibility by simultaneously adjusting isooctane equivalence ratio. The isooctane ignition regime, overall thermal efficiency, and NO{sub x} emissions show strong sensitivity to the fuel delivery advance angle between 20 CA BTDC and 25 CA BTDC. (author)
Lu, Xingcai; Ji, Libin; Ma, Junjun; Zhou, Xiaoxin; Huang, Zhen [Key Lab. for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai (China)
The development of a versatile field program for measuring tritium in real-time
Robust sample handling and liquid scintillation counting procedures have been developed to routinely monitor tritium in the field relative to the 20,000 pCi/L drinking water standard. This procedure allows tritium to be monitored hourly during 24 hour drilling operations at depths in the saturated zone potentially contaminated by sub-surface nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site. Using retrofitted shock hardened and vibration damped counters and strict analytical protocols, tritium may be measured rapidly in the field under hostile conditions. Concentration standards and ``dead`` tritium backgrounds are prepared weekly in a central laboratory and delivered to remote monitoring locations where they are recounted daily as a check on counter efficiency and calibration. Portable counters are located in trailers and powered off a battery pack and line filter fed by mobile generator. Samples are typically ground-waters mixed with drilling fluids returned after circulation through a drill string. Fluids are aerated and ``de-foamed,`` filtered, mixed with scintillation cocktail and subsequently dark-adapted before counting. Besides meeting regulatory requirements, ``real-time`` monitoring affords drilling and field personnel maximum protection against potential exposure to radionuclides; for routine operations, tritium activities may not exceed a 10,000 pCi/L threshold.
Rego, J.H.; Smith, D.K.
Fossil AGN jets as ultra high energy particle accelerators
Remnants of AGN jets and their surrounding cocoons leave colossal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fossil structures storing total energies ~10^{60} erg. The original active galacic nucleus (AGN) may be dead but the fossil will retain its stable configuration resembling the reversed-field pinch (RFP) encountered in laboratory MHD experiments. In an RFP the longitudinal magnetic field changes direction at a critical distance from the axis, leading to magnetic re-connection there, and to slow decay of the large-scale RFP field. We show that this field decay induces large-scale electric fields which can accelerate cosmic rays with an E^{-2} power-law up to ultra-high energies with a cut-off depending on the fossil parameters. The cut-off is expected to be rigidity dependent, implying the observed composition would change from light to heavy close to the cut-off if one or two nearby AGN fossils dominate. Given that several percent of the universe's volume may house such slowly decaying structures, these fossils may even...
Benford, Gregory
Fate of pathogens in a simulated bioreduction system for livestock carcasses
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Bioreduction is a novel on-farm storage option for livestock carcasses. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Legislation demands that pathogens are contained and do not proliferate during carcass storage. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We examined the survival of key pathogens in lab-scale bioreduction vessels. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pathogen numbers reduced in the resulting liquor waste and bioaerosols. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The results indicate that bioreduction should be validated for industry use. - Abstract: The EU Animal By-Products Regulations generated the need for novel methods of storage and disposal of dead livestock. Bioreduction prior to rendering or incineration has been proposed as a practical and potentially cost-effective method; however, its biosecurity characteristics need to be elucidated. To address this, Salmonella enterica (serovars Senftenberg and Poona), Enterococcus faecalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and a lux-marked strain of Escherichia coli O157 were inoculated into laboratory-scale bioreduction vessels containing sheep carcass constituents. Numbers of all pathogens and the metabolic activity of E. coli O157 decreased significantly within the liquor waste over time, and only E. faecalis remained detectable after 3 months. Only very low numbers of Salmonella spp. and E. faecalis were detected in bioaerosols, and only at initial stages of the trial. These results further indicate that bioreduction represents a suitable method of storing and reducing the volume of livestock carcasses prior to ultimate disposal.
Gwyther, Ceri L.; Jones, David L. [School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW (United Kingdom); Golyshin, Peter N. [School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW (United Kingdom); Edwards-Jones, Gareth [School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW (United Kingdom); Williams, A. Prysor, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW (United Kingdom)
Digital multimode buck converter control with loss-minimizing synchronous rectifier adaptation
Abstract�This paper develops a multimode control strategy which allows for efficient operation of the buck converter over a wide load range. A method for control of synchronous rectifiers as a direct function of the load current is introduced [1]. The function relating the synchronous-rectifier timing to the load current is optimized on-line with a gradient power-loss-minimizing algorithm. Only low-bandwidth measurements of the load current and a power-loss-related quantity are required, making the technique suitable for digital controller implementations. Compared to alternative loss-minimizing approaches, this method has superior adjustment speed and robustness to disturbances, and can simultaneously optimize multiple parameters. The proposed synchronous-rectifier control also accomplishes an automatic, optimal transition to discontinuous-conduction mode at light load. Further, by imposing a minimum duty-ratio, the converter automatically enters pulse-skipping mode at very light load. Thus, the same controller structure can be used in both fixed-frequency pulsewidth modulation and variable-frequency pulse-skipping modes. These techniques are demonstrated on a digitally-controlled 100-W buck converter. Index Terms�Adaptive control, dead-time, digital control, gradient methods, multimode control, optimization methods, pulse skipping, pulsewidth modulated (PWM) power converters, pulsewidth modulation (PWM), synchronous rectifier (SR), variable frequency control. Fig. 1. Buck converter with SR (M), and the corresponding MOSFET control signals.
Angel V. Peterchev; Seth R. S
Magnitude and Dynamics of Predation on Juvenile Salmonids in Columbia and Snake River Reservoirs, Annual Report of Research, 1989-1990.
Three aspects of predation upon juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River are addressed in this report: (1) Indexing predator consumption. During 1989--1990, two indices of northern squawfish consumption upon juvenile salmonids were developed for use throughout the Columbia River Basin. The direct Consumption Index (CI) is based upon the concept of meal turnover time and takes into account number of salmonids, temperature, total gut content weight and predator weight. A Bioenergetics Index (BI) for consumption indexing was also developed to complement the direct CI. In the BI, growth, consumption, excretion/evacuation and respiration processes are modeled to predict the consumption required to produce an observed growth increment. (2) Studies on predator-smolt dynamics. Northern squawfish consumption data were collected in the McNary Dam tailrace during nine days in July 1988 to improve our understanding of the predator-smolt functional response. (3) Selective predation by northern squawfish. Laboratory and field protocols were developed to evaluate northern squawfish selection and prey vulnerability. Results from laboratory studies suggest that northern squawfish prefer dead over live prey and that descaled prey may be more vulnerable to predation than non-descaled prey. Stressed and unstressed prey were consumed in equal proportions when predation occurred for 6 or 24 h. Physiological and behavioral effects of stress on juvenile salmon are presented. 100 refs., 13 figs., 12 tabs.
Petersen, J.H.
Automated coregistration of MTI spectral bands.
In the focal plane of a pushbroom imager, a linear array of pixels is scanned across the scene, building up the image one row at a time. For the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI), each of fifteen different spectral bands has its own linear array. These arrays are pushed across the scene together, but since each band's array is at a different position on the focal plane, a separate image is produced for each band. The standard MTI data products resample these separate images to a common grid and produce coregistered multispectral image cubes. The coregistration software employs a direct 'dead reckoning' approach. Every pixel in the calibrated image is mapped to an absolute position on the surface of the earth, and these are resampled to produce an undistorted coregistered image of the scene. To do this requires extensive information regarding the satellite position and pointing as a function of time, the precise configuration of the focal plane, and the distortion due to the optics. These must be combined with knowledge about the position and altitude of the target on the rotating ellipsoidal earth. We will discuss the direct approach to MTI coregistration, as well as more recent attempts to 'tweak' the precision of the band-to-band registration using correlations in the imagery itself.
Theiler, J. P. (James P.); Galbraith, A. E. (Amy E.); Pope, P. A. (Paul A.); Ramsey, K. A. (Keri A.); Szymanski, J. J. (John J.)
Wave Propagation and Damage Characterization in Natural Fiber Hemp and LLDPE Composite
Research in incorporating natural fibers in composites has been in progress for a few decades where the various mechanical, electrical and acoustic properties of such composites were explored. Natural fiber composites (NFCs) have few benefits over the traditional glass or carbon fiber composites such as light weight, low manufacturing cost and requiring less energy for production. NFC is also bio-degradable and recyclable. The primary objectives of this research are to explore the static and dynamic properties of the hemp and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and determine impact absorbing capability using the above mentioned properties. LLDPE is surface-treated with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MA-g-PE) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). A melt-mixing process is employed where LLDPE is compounded with the hemp fibers in 10%, 20% and 30% vol. fraction. Tensile and flexural properties are measured. The material is characterized by propagating Lamb waves generated using a dropped dead weight. Time-frequency information is extracted from a thin disc-like specimen using the Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT) so as to characterize the material. Detection of defect is also established using the generated waves and GWT. Using Gabor wavelet coefficients, the dispersion and attenuation of the specimen are determined in different material directions. Comparison of attenuation of the waveforms is observed at different locations providing the knowledge of materials homogeneity, the materials behavior due to an impact and its impact absorbing character.
Hodkhasa, Sandip
Emerging Technologies and MOUT
Operating in a potentially hostile city is every soldier's nightmare. The staggering complexity of the urban environment means that deadly threats--or non-combatants-may lurk behind every corner, doorway, or window. Urban operations present an almost unparalleled challenge to the modern professional military. The complexity of urban operations is further amplified by the diversity of missions that the military will be called upon to conduct in urban terrain. Peace-making and peace-keeping missions, urban raids to seize airports or WMD sites or to rescue hostages, and extended urban combat operations all present different sorts of challenges for planners and troops on the ground. Technology almost never serves as a magic bullet, and past predictions of technological miracles pile high on the ash heap of history. At the same time, it is a vital element of planning in the modern age to consider and, if possible, take advantage of emerging technologies. We believe that technologies can assist military operations in urbanized terrain (MOUT) in three primary areas, which are discussed.
Black Hole Firewalls Require Huge Energy of Measurement
The unitary moving mirror model is one of the best quantum systems for checking the reasoning of the firewall paradox in quantum black holes. Though the late-time part of radiations emitted from the mirror is fully entangled with the early-part, no AMPS's firewall exists with a deadly, huge average energy flux in this model. This is because high-energy entanglement structure of the discretized systems in almost maximally entangled states is modified so as to yield the correct description of low-energy effective field theory. Due to the Reeh-Schlieder theorem in quantum field theory, another firewall paradox is inevitably raised with quantum remote measurements in the model. We resolve this paradox from the viewpoint of the energy cost of measurements. No firewall appears, as long as the energy for the measurement is much smaller than the ultraviolet cutoff scale. Furthermore, the strong subadditivity paradox of firewalls is resolved using non-locality of general one-particle states and zero-point fluctuation entanglement.
Masahiro Hotta; Jiro Matsumoto; Ken Funo
Nuclear electricity is the least-cost option
The use of integrated resource planning (IRP) as a tool for selecting the means to satisfy the need for new electricity heavily favors those options that are evaluated to have the least cost. The least-cost option these days, generally combined cycle burning natural gas, can generate electricity for between 3.5 to 4.0 {cents}/kW {times} h. The average generating cost of nuclear electricity, by comparison, is {approximately} 7.0 {cents}/kW {times} h, indicative of the economic challenge facing the nuclear industry. The future for the nuclear option may be better, if you believe that natural gas prices will increase. Studies by General Electric (GE) show that if these prices escalate at 3.5% above inflation, as DRI and others forecast, advanced nuclear plants will be in an economic dead heat with coal and combined-cycle/natural-gas plants, the primary baseload options. The use of environmental externalities can also change the evaluation of these competing technology options. When the cost of pollution emissions from fossil plants are factored in, studies show that nuclear electricity generation is the best economic option.
Redding, J.R. [GE, San Jose, CA (United States); Yates, R. [GE, Schenectady, NY (United States)
Leak Pruning
Managed languages improve programmer productivity with type safety and garbage collection, which eliminate memory errors such as dangling pointers, double frees, and buffer overflows. However, programs may still leak memory if programmers forget to eliminate the last reference to an object that will not be used again. Leaks slow programs by increasing collector workload and frequency. Growing leaks crash programs. Instead of crashing, leak pruning extends program availability by predicting and reclaiming leaked objects at run time. Whereas garbage collection over-approximates live objects using reachability, leak pruning predicts dead objects and reclaims them based on how stale they are and the size of stale data structures. Leak pruning preserves semantics because it waits for heap exhaustion before reclaiming objects and then poisons references to objects it reclaims. If the program later tries to access these objects, the virtual machine (VM) throws an internal error. We implement leak pruning in a Java VM, show its overhead is low, and evaluate it on 10 leaking programs. Leak pruning does not help two programs, executes four substantial programs 1.6-35X longer, and executes four programs, including two leaks in Eclipse, for at least 24 hours. In the worst case, leak pruning defers fatal errors. In the best case, programs with unbounded memory requirements execute indefinitely and correctly in bounded memory with consistent throughput.
Michael D. Bond; Kathryn S. McKinley
Liquid chromatography/Fourier transform IR spectrometry interface flow cell
A zero dead volume (ZDV) microbore high performance liquid chromatography (.mu.HPLC)/Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) interface flow cell includes an IR transparent crystal having a small diameter bore therein through which a sample liquid is passed. The interface flow cell further includes a metal holder in combination with a pair of inner, compressible seals for directly coupling the thus configured spectrometric flow cell to the outlet of a .mu.HPLC column end fitting to minimize the transfer volume of the effluents exiting the .mu.HPLC column which exhibit excellent flow characteristics due to the essentially unencumbered, open-flow design. The IR beam passes transverse to the sample flow through the circular bore within the IR transparent crystal, which is preferably comprised of potassium bromide (KBr) or calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2), so as to minimize interference patterns and vignetting encountered in conventional parallel-plate IR cells. The long IR beam pathlength and lensing effect of the circular cross-section of the sample volume in combination with the refractive index differences between the solvent and the transparent crystal serve to focus the IR beam in enhancing sample detection sensitivity by an order of magnitude.
Johnson, Charles C. (Fairfield, OH); Taylor, Larry T. (Blacksburg, VA)