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US 7427167 B2 Abstract An apparatus includes: a plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) of similar or differing wavelengths; a reflector for collecting energy from two or more LEDs into an approximately composite beam; and a housing for distributing this energy into a common aperture. A heat sink and electronic control for the individual LEDs is included. The LEDs have different color outputs and are selectively controlled to determine the color of light from the apparatus. In one embodiment there are at least two LEDs, at least two reflector cavities, a common combining cavity or zone, a mounting each of the LEDs within the reflector cavities and a housing. The LEDs are mounted on the heat sink And selectively driven to modulate the intensity of selected ones of the LEDs according the nature of the frequency bands in the driving signal, e.g. mixed color outputs according to the control of a musical signal.
Claims(2) 1. An apparatus having a common aperture with an axis normal to a plane in which the aperture lies and usable with an optical fiber having a predetermined acceptance angle comprising:
a plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) of similar or differing wavelengths;
a corresponding plurality of separate reflectors for collecting light radiated from the plurality of LEDs and forming a corresponding plurality of beams directed along a corresponding optical axis of each of the reflectors, each separate reflector defining a separate first space from other ones of the plurality of reflectors, each one of the plurality of LEDs being disposed in the separately defined first space of each corresponding one of the plurality of separate reflectors so that substantially all of the light emitted by the LED is included within the corresponding reflector; and a single combining chamber defining a separate and single second space from the plurality of reflectors and for combining the light of the plurality of beams into a composite beam across the common aperture with most of the light in the composite beam lying within the predetermined acceptance angle of the optical fiber measured from the axis of the common aperture, where the plurality of reflectors and the separate combining chamber have substantially continuous reflective surfaces smoothly extending from the plurality of LEDs to the common aperture
where the plurality of reflectors and the combining chamber are each open cavities and are characterized by a high aspect ratio of length to width of such a magnitude that subsequently providing a reflecting internal surface for the plurality of reflectors and the combining chamber when assembled is impractical, where each reflector is comprised of a plurality of separate first optical reflector cavity surfaces, and where the combining chamber is collectively comprised of a plurality of separate second optical cavity surfaces, each separate second optical cavity surface extending from a corresponding one of the plurality of the first optical reflector cavity surface of the corresponding reflectors, each first optical reflector cavity surface and corresponding second optical cavity being comprised in turn of at least two separate longitudinally split portions to allow ease of access to each of the first optical reflector interior cavity surfaces and each of the second optical interior cavity surfaces for providing a reflective surface thereon.
2. An apparatus having a common aperture with an axis normal to a plane in which the aperture lies for use with an optical fiber having a predetermined acceptance angle comprising:
a plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) of similar or differing wavelengths;
a corresponding plurality of separate nearly cylindrical reflectors for collecting light radiated from the plurality of LEDs and forming a corresponding plurality of beams directed along a corresponding optical axis of each of the reflectors and symmetrically inclined about an predetermined axis of a common aperture, each separate reflector defining a separate first space from other ones of the plurality of reflectors, each one of the plurality of LEDs being disposed in the separately defined first space of each corresponding one of the plurality of separate reflectors so that substantially all of the light emitted by the LED is included within the corresponding reflector: and
a single combining chamber having the common aperture and defining a separate and single second space from the plurality of reflectors and for combining the light of the plurality of beams into a single composite beam directed to the center of the common aperture with most of the light in the composite beam lying within the predetermined acceptance angle measured from the axis of the common aperture, where the plurality of reflectors and the separate combining chamber have substantially continuous reflective surfaces smoothly extending from the plurality of LEDs to the common aperture
where the plurality of reflectors and the combining chamber are each characterized by a high aspect ratio of length to width of such a magnitude that subsequently providing a reflecting internal surface for the plurality of reflectors and the combining chamber when assembled is impractical,
where each reflector is comprised of a plurality of separate longitudinally split first reflector cavities, and
where the combining chamber is comprised of a plurality of separate longitudinally split second reflector cavities, each split second optical cavity surface extending from a corresponding one of the plurality of the split first optical reflector cavity surfaces of the corresponding reflectors,
the longitudinally split reflector cavities and split combining chamber cavity allowing ease of access to the cavity surfaces for providing a reflective coating thereon.
Description The present application is related to U.S. Provisional Patent Application, Ser. No. 60/670,490, filed on Apr. 11, 2005, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application, Ser. No. 60/611,052, filed on Sep. 16, 2004, which are incorporated herein by reference and to which priority is claimed pursuant to 35 USC 119. 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to the field of apparatus and method for using light emitting diodes (LED) or other light sources of similar or differing wavelengths in an approximately unitized beam. The device would be generally described as being in the field of fiber illumination, but could be used in non-fiber devices in the general lighting field as well. 2. Description of the Prior Art The initial investment cost of LED illumination is very expensive when compared with traditional lighting means using cost per lumen as the metric. While this may change over time, this high cost places a premium on collection and distribution efficiency of the LED optical system. The more efficient the system, the better the cost/benefit comparison with traditional illumination means, such as incandescent, fluorescent and neon. A popular type of illumination device is the fiber illuminator. Typically these devices comprise an illumination source, a reflector and/or lens and a means to attach the optical fiber in place. Illumination sources used in these devices range from incandescent (Halogen, etc.) to HID (High-Intensity-Discharge arc lamps). The LED is relatively new to these devices, but holds several advantages. The light energy of the LED is primarily in the visible spectrum and contains little or no UV or IR. Therefore LEDs do not cause deterioration of the fiber as do the traditional means. LEDs also provide color(s) at a very improved efficiency. However, the optical performance of conventional Fiber Devices, with or without LEDs, is often less than satisfactory. For example, For an HID lamp to provide red output requires filtering of all the other colors in the beam spectrum. This can result in over 50% efficiency loss. Prior art techniques in LED technology suffer a different problem, however. Most LED fiber-illumination devices use one of three basic techniques. Butt-joining the LED to the fiber, imaging the LED emitter onto the fiber end with a ball or other lens and elliptical reflectors. An LED is a Lambertian emitter. Therefore, in the first example, only the energy of the LED that is within the numerical aperture (N/A) of the fiber is accepted, the rest is rejected as loss to the device. In the second example only the energy from the LED that falls within the N/A of the lens system is accepted. In a reflector based system, only a single LED can be collected at high efficiency, so the device is limited in scope. Another class of prior art includes the ability to change color by placing a color wheel in way of the beam before it enters the fiber. Typically, these dichroic color wheels are manufactured of glass to handle the high temperature of the light source. Another form of color illuminator combines red, green, blue and possibly other colored light sources, either LED or not, in order to increase brightness in a complex dichroic mirrored optical path to combine the resultant light. Again the optical path ways are long, the optical system is necessarily physically large and the overall performance is still subject to intensity and collimation losses. What is needed is a some kind of a controllable combined light source which is not subject to the inherent disadvantages of such prior art. The invention pertains to the use of light emitting diodes (LED) in a device that combines the energy from multiple LEDs of similar or differing wavelengths into an approximate unitized beam. In the illustrated embodiment �unitized beam� means that the rays from the multiple LEDs are combined across a single aperture with substantially identical light or energy distributions across the single aperture. In the illustrated embodiment the directions of the rays from each of the multiple LEDs at the aperture are different so that at a distance beyond the aperture, the ray sets will again separate and show as multiple light beams. In addition, it must be understood that although the light from the multiple LEDs are provided without qualitative differences across the aperture, i.e. they have substantially identical light or energy distributions across the single aperture, it is entirely within the scope of the invention that the each LED can be differently or independently modulated in frequency or intensity. As will be seen below, the light from three LED's is projected onto the common aperture each at a different angle in space, but at the same angle of declination. Therefore the plane of the common aperture will be inclined with respect to the wavefront from each LED beam and it is not to be expected that the energy distribution across the common aperture is symmetric or uniform with respect to any given LED beam. However, in the illustrated embodiment each LED is situated in approximately the same optical relationship with respect to the common aperture as are the other LEDs. This is not however to preclude the possibility that the optical relationship of each LED or a parameter of the LED beam might be qualitatively different from that of the other LEDs as measured at the common aperture. The invention provides for the efficient collection of energy radiating from two or more LEDs, and then distributes this energy into a common aperture. The invention further includes thermal management of the device and contemplates electronic control of the individual LEDs. By choosing different color outputs for the LEDs and since the LEDs are individually controllable, the device of the invention may be used generally in a wide variety of applications as a generic source of selectively controllable colored light. In fact, if three LEDs are chosen, each with a primary color, almost any color of the visible spectrum can be provided across the aperture. It is also contemplated that light both in the ultraviolet and infrared could be similarly utilized in such applications where needed. One embodiment of the invention is a highly efficient LED based device with an energy source, at least two LEDs, at least two reflector cavities, a common combining cavity or zone, a means for mounting each of the LEDs within the reflector cavities and a housing. The LEDs are mounted on a heat conductive material that provides the thermal management for the LEDs. The reflector cavities are optimized for collection of the nearly hemispheric radiation pattern of the LED. They are designed in such a way as to provide a beam that is approximately equal to the acceptance angle, or within the numerical aperture (N/A) of the fiber. �Numerical aperture (NA)� is defined as the sine of the vertex angle of the largest cone of meridional rays that can enter or leave an optical system or element, such as an optic fiber, multiplied by the refractive index of the medium in which the vertex of the cone is located. The NA is generally measured with respect to an object or image point and will vary as that point is moved. For an optical fiber in which the refractive index decreases monotonically from n1 on the axis to n2 in the cladding, an expression of the extent of the fiber's ability to accept, in its bound modes, non-normal incident rays, is given by NA=(n1 2−n2 2)1/2. In multimode fibers, the term equilibrium numerical aperture is sometimes used. This refers to the numerical aperture with respect to the extreme exit angle of a ray emerging from a fiber in which equilibrium mode distribution has been established. More colloquially, NA is defined as the sine of the radiation or acceptance angle of an optical fiber, multiplied by the refractive index of the material in contact with the exit or entrance face. This usage is approximate and imprecise, but is often encountered. The more relevant physical concept in the illustrated embodiment is �acceptance angle�, which is defined in fiber optics as half the vertex angle of that cone within which optical power may be coupled into bound modes of an optical fiber. The axis of the cone is collinear with the fiber axis, the vertex of the cone is on the fiber end-face, and the base of the cone faces the optical power source. The acceptance angle is measured with respect to the fiber axis. Rays entering an optical fiber at angles greater than the acceptance angle are coupled into unbound modes. The reflector cavity may have a common conic shape or not and may be faceted or dimpled or otherwise modified to provide a desired beam pattern. Any configuration or form of optical reflector now known or later devised can be equivalently employed, such as an internally reflective coated cavity reflector or a solid molded optic with or without coating, commonly referred to as a �TIR� (Total Internal Reflection) optic. The centerline of the reflector cavity is rotated off axis from the perpendicular of a shared aperture at approximately one-half of the acceptance angle of the fiber. The reflector cavity is connected by a near cylindrical reflective cavity to the shared aperture. This cavity, or zone, can be the Boolean intersection of the reflectors or the Boolean of an extension of each of the reflectors to a common aperture. In a two LED system, two cavities would be rotated opposite the centerline and the near cylindrical zones would be truncated to allow the energy of each reflector cavity to find the aperture. This near cylindrical zone, or when joined in a �combining cavity�, keeps the energy of each beam within the N/A of the fiber with the exception of a very small portion on the opposite side of the system centerline from the reflector cavity. Additionally the invention is an apparatus for generating a selected color of light comprising a plurality of light sources disposed in a housing, each radiating a color of light and a corresponding plurality of reflectors disposed in the housing. Each reflector is paired with a light source to reflect light from one of the plurality of light sources. The light sources and reflectors are arranged and configured to combine reflected light from the reflectors into a composite light beam from the plurality of light sources. The arrangement in the illustrated embodiment is comprised of three light sources, each disposed 120 degrees about the system centerline. The plurality of light sources generate a nearly full color spectrum of visible light, or more specifically green, blue and red light in selected amounts. The apparatus further comprising means for individually controlling the intensity of light from each of the light sources, such as conventional drive circuits coupled to the light sources. Other color primaries or bases, other than green, blue and red, may be substituted according to the application and effect desired to increase, decrease or change the number and type of color primaries or bases used for combining or composition, such as amber or yellow added as a fourth primary or base color to provide a larger spectrum of combined colored light. Each unit can be comprised of multiple light sources of the same color spectrum for higher intensity. The invention also includes a method of providing and operating the apparatus described above. While the apparatus and method has or will be described for the sake of grammatical fluidity with functional explanations, it is to be expressly understood that the claims, unless expressly formulated under 35 USC 112, are not to be construed as necessarily limited in any way by the construction of �means� or �steps� limitations, but are to be accorded the full scope of the meaning and equivalents of the definition provided by the claims under the judicial doctrine of equivalents, and in the case where the claims are expressly formulated under 35 USC 112 are to be accorded full statutory equivalents under 35 USC 112. The invention can be better visualized by turning now to the following drawings wherein like elements are referenced by like numerals. The components shown in the diagrams are the essential optical and elemental components to understand the invention. Omitted from the diagrams may be some electrical wires, housings, circuit boards, fasteners and other components that may be required, but are not essential to the understanding of the device. The invention and its various embodiments can now be better understood by turning to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments which are presented as illustrated examples of the invention defined in the claims. It is expressly understood that the invention as defined by the claims may be broader than the illustrated embodiments described below. Turn to LED 10 is inserted into the cavity of reflector 1 of lighting element 38 through base 34, on the optical axis of reflector 1 and typical at or near the focal point of reflector 1. Surface 32 as described below is arranged and configured to provide a reflective surface and defines an aperture 44 of reflector 1 which is internal to lighting element 38. Beyond aperture 44 along the optical axis of reflector 1 lies combining chamber 2 in which the directed beam from reflector 1 for each of the three lighting elements 38 are combined to provide a unitized beam at aperture 30 of device 20. In the illustrated embodiment each of the three lighting elements 38 are azimuthally equally spaced about aperture 30 of device 20, namely with the respective optical axis of each lighting element 38 at approximately 120� azimuthal angular spacing. In addition, each lighting element 38 has its optical axis inclined from perpendicular to aperture 30, which is also the longitudinal axis of fiber 22, at an angle of approximately 15��3� declination or less. The acceptance angle of fiber 22 in the preferred embodiment is approximately 30��6�. Fiber 22 is preferably a 0.5 inch diameter fiber, which approximately matches the diameter of aperture 30, but it is to be understood that the invention contemplates any diameter fiber and scaling device 20 to conform with the acceptance angle of the fiber being used. For example, if a fiber were used which had an acceptance angle of 40�, then the three lighting elements 38 of device 20 could be inclined at an angle of approximately 20� or less. The acceptance angle will be different for each fiber depending on multiple factors, such as the frequency of the light, fiber composition, fiber diameter, fiber cladding fiber shape, fiber structure and other parameters. Further, the design also lends itself to inexpensive fabrication since the components can be plastic material and there is essentially no alignment required. Pictured in Turn now to the optical elements within device 20. One of the optical elements is a reflector 1, whose centerline is disposed in an angled orientation of device 20 as shown in the side cross-sectional view of The reflective surface of reflector 1 can be coated to reflect substantially all of the peripheral light from light emitting diode, LED 10, which is held in relative position of reflector 1 by means of a heat sink 11, which is thermally coupled to LED 10. The design, form and function of reflector 1 may include any reflector geometry and technology now known or later devised. In the preferred embodiment, reflector 1 is provided as a �Sally� reflector, which is a proprietary term used defined for the purposes of this specification and its claims an LED reflector as described in copending U.S. Patent Application Publication number 2005/0219840, filed Mar. 31, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference. The Sally reflector delivers substantially all or at least 90% of the light generated from the light source in the designer controlled composite energy distribution pattern on the surface. As stated, while any reflector design may be employed, further description of the preferred embodiment of the Sally reflector 1 may be helpful for understanding the best mode of practicing the invention. More specifically, Sally is defined in one embodiment as comprising a light source, LED 10, whose intensity varies as a function of the angles of the light rays radiated from the light source 10 in a three dimensional radiation pattern, and a reflector 1 comprising a reflective surface 32 having a base 34 and aperture 44. The reflector 1 is proximate to the light source 10 and defines a system half angle by its aperture 44, which allows directly radiated energy to propagate from the light source 10 through the aperture 44 of the reflector 1 to provide a directly radiated energy distribution pattern. The reflector 1 has three distinct conic shaped zones, each providing a surface of revolution. The first zone is parabolic, the second zone is a straight conic and the third zone is elliptical, in that order, beginning with the base of the reflector and moving toward its aperture 44. These zones provide a designer controlled reflected energy distribution pattern overlaid onto the directly radiated energy distribution pattern on the surface 32, which reflected energy distribution pattern combines with the directly radiated energy distribution pattern to produce a designer controlled composite energy distribution pattern across aperture 44. More generally, instead of the three zone system described above Sally comprises a reflector 1 with a defined shape derived from a transfer function, which has as inputs: the three dimensional radiation pattern of the light source 10; beam parameters, such as light source-to-surface distance and beam diameter; system parameters of the reflector 1 such as reflector size and aperture size of the reflector 1; and a desired composite energy distribution across aperture 44. The transfer function has as outputs: an amount of directly radiated energy propagating through the aperture 44 of the reflector 1; a remainder of the total available radiated energy from the light source 10 less the energy of the light directly radiating to aperture 44; and a calculated position and orientation of each point on the reflector 1 as a function of angle needed to provide the desired composite energy distribution across aperture 44, which calculation defines the shape of the reflector 1 necessary to provide a reflected energy pattern to overlay the directly radiated energy pattern to form the designer controlled composite energy distribution across aperture 44. LED 10 is understood to include a solid state light emitting diode package, which includes a semiconductor substrate in which the light emitting junction is defined, electrical leads, passivation layers and a protective dome mounted on or forming part of the passivating package around the junction and substrate. The illustrated embodiment employs an LED 10, but it is to be understood that any light source may be employed which is now known or later devised, such as incandescent, fluorescent, arc, or gas plasma sources as a few examples. Thus, wherever LED is referred, it is to be understood according to the context that any light source could be equivalently substituted. It must also be understood that less or more than three LEDs 10 may be combined in device 20 according to the foregoing teachings. Heat sink 11 is typically comprised of metal but any thermally conductive material may be employed. The aperture 30 may incorporate a lens or lenses or other conventional optical elements that may be optionally provided to spread or converge the combined light beam, asymmetrically or not, or provide diffusion or other optical effects according to conventional design options. Such lenses can also be used to facilitate light coupling into the optic fiber 22. Reflector 12 as shown by example in By selecting appropriate colored LEDs 10 and controlling the output of the individual LEDs 10, the device 20 could be used either alone or in combination for several different and distinct purposes. These uses include: a light source for projection systems, a color changing light source for displays, architectural lighting, architectural fiber, theater and stage lighting, a light source for color corrected display systems, stadium lighting, signage, including building and safety enunciators, consumer audiovisual entertainment systems, and many other lighting related applications. In a preferred embodiment as shown in Turn now to Hence, it can now be appreciated that the invention provides an electronically controllable colored light source which is physically compact and provides a single, selectively controllable, colored beam of light with a minimum of the number of optical elements and reflective surfaces and a minimum optical path length. In another embodiment the invention relates to the use of audio or sound to control the combining of multiple colored LED light sources 10 into a fiber 22 or other conduit for light or optical element as shown in A preferred embodiment of the invention is comprised of an audio source 24 coupled to device 20; one or more LEDs 10 of differing wavelength, usually red, green and blue; a means 26 to combine the output of the LEDs 10 into a fiber 22, preferably within the N/A or acceptance angle of the fiber 22; and an electronic circuit 28 that resolves an audio signal from the audio source 24, such as an output from a music system, into discrete wavelength bands equaling the number of LEDs 10 and uses a mathematically derived value of the separated wavelengths or selected portions of the frequency spectrum to selectively drive the LEDs 10. Any mathematically derived measure of the bands of the frequency spectrum may be employed, including without limitation averages, and weightings according to relative peak values. As the audio source computed value varies for each frequency band, the corresponding LED intensity will vary as well. The combining of the output of these LEDs 10 into a fiber 22 generates colors that change according to the audio signal. The means 26 may take the form of a conventional fiber component, such as a compression fitting as manufactured by Heyco, Toms River, New Jersey or equivalent. This embodiment of the invention can be used for entertainment, discotheques, clubs, bands, DJs, nightclubs, bars, advertising, stage shows and many more uses, too many to enumerate. It could be used to program color changing for fibers 22 using music tools such as MIDI devices and computer software, and/or used for advertising, lettering, signage and many other effects. Depending on the input, the device of The electronics 24, 28 of the invention may use analog or digital processing or preprocessing and may use bandpass or other filtering techniques to generate the distinct frequency ranges for processing. The electronics 24, 28 may also provide various attack and decay scenarios to generate unique color blending. The electronics 24, 28 may also provide real time analysis of the signal to generate equalizing or other effects. Digital signal processing (DSP) may be employed to create special effects. In other words, any audio synthesization or sound manipulation now known or later devised can also be applied in the same or modified from to an audio input signal coupled to circuit 24, which will then manipulate or process the input signal to generate a plurality of output signals according to the chosen manipulations or processing. Further, it must be understood that not only music but any audio or non-audio signal may be used as the driving input or one of the driving inputs of device 20. For example, the audio signal could be voice signals or natural or machine sounds, such a diagnostic or warning sound in the event that a sound signifies the onset or termination of an event of interest. Circuit 24 thus has an input signal corresponding to a voice or machine sound and then interprets the voice or machine sound to generate selective responsive output signals to drive the plurality of LEDs creating a specific color and/or temporally varying light pattern indicative of a corresponding voice or machine sound. Thus, the input sound signal need not be in the audible range, but may extend to both subaudible and superaudible frequencies. Device 20 may not only be controlled according to the intensity or energy content of various bandwidths in the spectrum of the driving signal, but any characteristic desire of the driving signal may be used as the control parameter. For example, amplitude or information content of the signal may be employed in place of or in addition to spectral distribution. The number of applications are too numerous to mention, but as only one class of examples, the onset of a failure of materials often is heralded by nonaudible sounds. Such sonic signals may have complex characterizations and be analyzed more as complex signatures than by spectral distributions. For example, ultrasonic input signals, which may be vibrations, and which may be precursors of the failure of a structural element or of some aspect of its physical state, such as an operating helicopter rotor blade, can be received, detected and a selected color warning light with a specific repetition pattern generated. For example, if voice recognition were used as the driving signal, electronic 24, 28 could be programmed either to modulate device 20 based on word recognition or even on individual voice quality recognition, much like fingerprint recognition. Further the driving signal or signals need not be sound, but can be any signal or signals imaginable, such as the stalling airspeed of a small aircraft, where the stall speed is a function of multiple driving factors and where the stall condition is gradually entered as these factors increase in degree with the light changing accordingly from green to amber to red in a continuous shift in color. The invention has been illustrated in the context of a simple three LED device, but the principle of the invention can be extended to a micromachined array of integrated versions of device 20, where each pixel of a display is a micromachined device 20 and where the display becomes a colored contoured or field map of any two or three dimensional quantity of interest from topology maps to brain function. Many alterations and modifications may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it must be understood that the illustrated embodiment has been set forth only for the purposes of example and that it should not be taken as limiting the invention as defined by the following claims. For example, notwithstanding the fact that the elements of a claim are set forth below in a certain combination, it must be expressly understood that the invention includes other combinations of fewer, more or different elements, which are disclosed in above even when not initially claimed in such combinations. For example, reflector 1 described above has been described as a cavity reflector with an internal reflective surface 32. However, it is expressly contemplated that device 20 may be made as a solid optically transmissive or clear body using total internal reflection (TIR) as the optical mechanism for light control. Such a TIR device 20 including an LED package could then be provided with an external optical reflective coating or not. The words used in this specification to describe the invention and its various embodiments are to be understood not only in the sense of their commonly defined meanings, but to include by special definition in this specification structure, material or acts beyond the scope of the commonly defined meanings. Thus if an element can be understood in the context of this specification as including more than one meaning, then its use in a claim must be understood as being generic to all possible meanings supported by the specification and by the word itself. The definitions of the words or elements of the following claims are, therefore, defined in this specification to include not only the combination of elements which are literally set forth, but all equivalent structure, material or acts for performing substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain substantially the same result. In this sense it is therefore contemplated that an equivalent substitution of two or more elements may be made for any one of the elements in the claims below or that a single element may be substituted for two or more elements in a claim. Although elements may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, it is to be expressly understood that one or more elements from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination and that the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. Insubstantial changes from the claimed subject matter as viewed by a person with ordinary skill in the art, now known or later devised, are expressly contemplated as being equivalently within the scope of the claims. Therefore, obvious substitutions now or later known to one with ordinary skill in the art are defined to be within the scope of the defined elements. The claims are thus to be understood to include what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptionally equivalent, what can be obviously substituted and also what essentially incorporates the essential idea of the invention. Patent Citations
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Official Tickets for Spurs. Order Your Tickets Safe and Secure.
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Passengers glad to reach land
Passengers are now leaving the disabled Carnival Triumph after it was towed to Mobile, Alabama. More than 4,000 people are on board. Passengers raucously cheered the end to an ocean odyssey. AP video. (Feb. 15)
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Westbury casino plan faces towns' lawsuit
Woman struck by pickup truck in Copiague
Angie Carpenter named Islip Town supervisor
NICE to increase MetroCard bus fares by 25 cents
The North Fork digs out
Raw video: Blaze guts Uniondale home
A shoveling, sledding snow day
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Angry residents want answers about proposed OTB
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Sheldon Adelson: Obama, Oy Vey!
According to the most recent Forbes magazine list of The World's Billionaires, entrepreneur: Sheldon Adelson: is worth $20.5 billion ranking as the 14th: richest man in the world.: : And it's just great to see a self-made, proud: tough Jew: who comes from nothing succeed.: : Absolutely inspiring.
He has spent significantly to educate Americans about the dangers of re-electing President Obama, including funding to the Republican Jewish Coalition for advertisements in swing-states for to convince Jews to vote Republican. A new campaign and is called "My Buyer's Remorse," and features videos of Jews who voted for Obama in 2008, and won't vote for him this time around.: : Driving in Florida, there are billboards which read: "Obama … Oy Vey!!", followed by "Had enough?"
Some Recent Reasons: Sheldon Adelson: Has Said He Supports Romney:
- Security and Prosperity For Israel, the Jewish state and closest ally to America
- Adelson said he worries about 'any man that sets up a shadow government, not accountable to anybody. … What are the czars, if they're not a substitute for the secretaries of Commerce, of State, of Interior? They're not under any rules, they're just consultants to him in his office."
- "Empowering small business."
When the richest Jew in the world talks, Jews should listen — particularly to someone who grew up poor and has built a business to provide for tens of thousands.: : His wife is a leading Israeli doctor and their words and influence matter.
Ronn Torossian is an entrepreneur and author of Public Relations book "For Immediate Release."
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The Holiday Park Volunteer Fire Department is located in Plum Borough, in Southwestern Pennsylvania. We are Allegheny County station 236. HPVFD protects approximately 29 square miles and over 36,000 residents.
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Little Tikes Wooden Musical Box Set Was £14 Now £7 @ Asda Direct Free C&C
Found by lisasolo1
Got hot a couple of months ago. Great little set……if you like noise :0)
Found by lisasolo1
Got hot a couple of months ago. Great little set……if you like noise :0)
Found by stefy2k
Really good price for 12
Can be had for £2 if purchased with the console. London is falling! Are YOU prepared? It is 2012 and the Last Blight is upon us… It was foretold. For the second time in history, a great plague has enveloped London in a fog of death. Big Ben tolls as hundreds upon thousands of the unprepared die or are infected by a sickness worse than death… You are still breathing, for now. But how long will you survive in the labyrinth of London streets and underground, abandoned by the outside world, surrounded by the Infected? The horrifying remains of humanity ravaged by the foul disease shuffle through the streets, waiting to prey on your living flesh at every turn! ZombiU is built from the ground up to take advantage of the Wii U console and its revolutionary GamePad controller and will test your will to survive in a fear-fuelled zombie Survival Horror First-Person Shooter. So grab hold of the Swiss knife of survival kits, your new controller and stock up your Bug-Out Bag with supplies! Make every second count; you only get one chance. Shared Via The HUKD App For Android.
Thought this was an excellent price for kids bed, if your little one likes dinosaurs
Posted and expired a month ago but it's back…phew. The ASDA Drawstring Ironing Board Cover is perfect for if your existing ironing board cover is looking a little tatty and in need of a revamp. Cheaper than buying a whole new ironing board. This easy to fix cover has a drawstring to pull tight around your board. The paisley like pattern will give your ironing board a new lease of life.
Normally over £2 but currently on sale at asda for £1, going to get more tomorrow these taste quite nice


text: More than a few famous Masons were U.S. Presidents including Washington, Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Polk, Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, Garfield, McKinley, Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Harding, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, and Gerald R. Ford. Freemasons were instrumental and participated in the American Revolution. I bet you thought they were just a bunch of old guys eating pot luck & swapping stories. Just a few MORE from that era include: Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Paul Revere, and John Paul Jones. Some well known military leaders were also famous masons. These easily recognizable names include: George C. Marshall, Gen. Omar Bradley, John J. Pershing, Douglas McArthur, Eddie Rickenbacker, and Jimmy Doolittle. The fight for the Republic of Texas included fellow masons Sam Houston, Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, and Santa Ana. Many famous brothers made a good living in Hollywood such as actors John Wayne, Burl Ives, Roy Rogers, Danny Thomas, Ernest Borgnine, Red Skelton, Clark Gable, Will Rogers, Audie Murphy, and Gene Autry. Freemasons that were well known political leaders from across the world include: Winston Churchill, Edward VII, George VI, John A. MacDonald, Aaron Burr, George McGovern, Barry Goldwater, Thomas Dewey, William Jennings Bryant, and Jefferson Davis Other famous and easy recognizable Masons include such names as Lewis & Clark, Charles A. Lindberg, Kit Carson, Henry Ford, Richard Byrd, Henry Ford, Walter P. Chrysler, J.C. Penney, Ty Cobb, Jack Dempsey, and Arnold Palmer. Famous Masonic astronauts and writers were "Buzz" Aldrin, Virgil Grissom, John Glenn, Mark Twain, Rudyard Kipling, Conan Doyle, and Oscar Wilde. Oh, almost forgot to mention that Harry Houdini, and Norman Vincent Peale, were both Masons. As you can see from the assortment of names from all over the world and from all different walks of life, Masonry does attract "good men" trying to do better for the greater good. Find out more about Famous Masons in our Resource Center


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Arizona Cardinals
Former Cardinals GM Graves: Kolb has ability, coaching staff has to adapt to him
When the Arizona Cardinals acquired Kevin Kolb from the Philadelphia Eagles before the 2011 season, they did so hoping he would be the franchise quarterback the team lacked.
Two years into the player's Arizona career, the results have been rather underwhelming.
Fifteen games (14 starts), completed 255-of-436 pass attempts, thrown for 3,124 yards and 17 touchdowns. Kolb has tossed 11 interceptions and fumbled 10 times.
Both of Kolb's seasons with the team have been cut short due to injury, and while it's fair to question whether or not he will ever play a full season, it doesn't take a genius to know better play from the offensive line would help the passer out.
As former Cardinals GM Rod Graves told CBS, keeping Kolb healthy is not the only thing new coach Bruce Arians can to do in order to get production from the QB.
"I think that Kevin is a guy that has ability, but the coaching staff has got to be willing to adapt to what he's capable of doing," Graves said. "I think he's more of a West Coast-style type of quarterback."
Graves said if Arians can get Kolb "to an area of comfort" the team may have its answer at the position, which begs the question of why the team would trade for a QB who didn't fit their system in the first place.
But that's in the past, and for now Kolb is not only on the roster, but might be the team's best option at the position.
And if Arians wants to win with him, the trick (besides keeping him healthy) may be as simple as creating a system around his players rather than trying to get his players to fit into his system.
Most Popular
Cardinals Audio
- Mark Schlereth, ESPN NFL analysft - Tuesday January 27Mark Schlereth previews the Super Bowl from Fan Fest in Scottsdale.
- Adam Green- arizonasports.com - Tuesday January 27Adam Green shares what he saw at Super Bowl media day.
- Grey Ruegamer- Former NFL offensive lineman - Tuesday January 27Grey Ruegamer looks back on his experience with Super Bowl media day.
- Bloom Blast - Tuesday January 27Jon Bloom is losing the desire to watch NFL games.
- Charles Barkley- NBA Hall of Famer - Tuesday January 27Charles Barkley doesn't like to call people cheaters or liars without facts to back it up.


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Break the Limits!
You are trapped in a room and the only thing you can do is think.
4.16 / 5.00 32,398 ViewsCap'n Marcela
Can you help Cap'n Marcela save her village from Evil Puffy shirt Morgan?
3.93 / 5.00 5,194 ViewsChallenge your friends and battle your way to the top of the Coliseum rankings in this action-packed Gladiator game !
Great game, love it. It's one of my favorite games on Newgrounds.
Just a little tip for people, get a good mix of Async Multi and coliseums because what you can do is always get the +MP and extra loot in coliseums, while as in Async Multi you get base XP and money.
Maybe make it so that you can pay 1K to refresh shop?
There seems to be some glitches with the protect your ally with shield skill.
1. Immediately after its use, like if an enemy attacks right after you protect on an ally, your guard will just stand there and let that ally get hit.
2. At higher levels it "protects" an ally for 2 turns but will only defend with the shield for one, meaning you'll be taking full damage on your guard and will probably die, making it pretty pointless.
3. Using Shield Bash before the Protect skill or after its first round will probably just make the skill not work all together, your guard will just stand there and let the ally you aimed the skill at get hit.
4. Sometimes it just doesn't work for no apparent reason, I'm not sure if it's intentional or not but it also makes the skill pretty pointless.
These make me sad because I love having a tank to protect the others but the skill is so inconsistent, it's better to just Shield Bash and try to kill enemies before they wreck you.
Otherwise it's pretty fun, lots of ways to play and I enjoy that. I've trained a few extra girls to play around with builds.
I enjoy the game very much. I just got ripped off though, I'm in Alexandria and I just accomplished one achievement and got another 1 out of 10 in another and I didn't get credit for either. I'm upset because the reward is metal and I'm anxious to see what the wily blacksmith will create next. Other than that, It's a good game, I've spent much time on it. I think the customization options available for outfitting your gladiators and leveling up are good.
for those asking: disembowel means the torso is totally destroyed and the enemy flips onto their back and gushes
my question: How do you win without killing? (a goal in Nicomedia)


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recipe reviews for:
"Made in a slow cooker, this streamlined version of classic Mexican Posole combines traditional ingredients such as hominy, green chiles, garlic, onions, oregano, and enchilada sauce with cubed pork."
Cooking Level: Expert
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See how to make a traditional Mexican posole in your slow cooker.
This classic Italian dish makes delicious sandwiches.
All you need are 10 minutes to prepare this juicy, tangy roast pork.


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Donald Faison and CaCee Cobb Day After Wedding | Pictures
CaCee Cobb and Donald Faison Step Out With a Newlywed Glow
CaCee Cobb and Donald Faison stepped out as newlyweds yesterday in Beverly Hills. Donald and CaCee tied the knot in LA on Saturday with best friends Zach Braff and Jessica Simpson taking part in the ceremony. Jessica wore a black bridesmaid dress while CaCee walked down the aisle in a custom designed white gown. There were other famous faces on hand to watch the nuptials, including Breckin Meyer and Jessica's sister, Ashlee.
No word if CaCee and Donald have honeymoon plans, but they could be heading to Hawaii in the upcoming weeks if rumors of a surprise wedding for Jessica and Eric Johnson are true. The couple are reportedly planning a tropical trip with their families over the Christmas holiday, which could also serve as the perfect spot to say "I do." There's been plenty of speculation surrounding Jessica recently, including news that she may be expecting her second child.
Celebrity Couples
Celebrity Weddings
- Witness Nikki Reed's adorable gesture to Ian Somerhalder — Us Weekly
- Find out which Glee star is becoming a superhero — HuffPost Celebrity
- Sebastian Stan talks about his crazy sex scene in The Bronze — Lainey Gossip
- Bad news for all you SkyMall fans out there — Dlisted
- Here's how Carrie Underwood really utilizes her baby bump — ET
- Charli XCX has something important to say — JustJared
- Miley Cyrus experiments with her personal style — Hollywood Tuna
- Here's how Pharrell is going to look on the Simpsons — Pink Is the New Blog
- Tom Brady shuts down rumors that he cheated — The Superficial
- Lana Del Rey divulges information about her new album — popbytes


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Top 14 Dirty Disney Pick Up Lines!
Here's one of the best ones: @AlexAllTimeLow "How do you make a fairy moan? You tink'er'bell."
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!


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Joy to the World - Orchestra Part
By Lowell Mason
Joy to the World - Orchestra Part composed by Lowell Mason (1792-1872). Arranged by John Rutter. For choir and orchestra (2 oboes, bassoon, 2 trumpets, timpani, organ or harpsichord, strings). Advent and Christmas. Main Key: D Major. Christmas, Concert and Sacred. Difficulty: Medium Advanced (Adult). Orchestration. Duration 2 minutes. Published by Hinshaw Music Inc. (HI.JR42).
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Joy to the World - Orchestra Part
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Joy to the World - Orchestra Part
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See Similar Sheet Music
More by this Composer: Lowell Mason Sheet Music Lowell Mason B-Flat Trumpet Sheet Music Lowell Mason Bassoon Sheet Music Lowell Mason Harpsichord Sheet Music Lowell Mason Oboe Sheet Music Lowell Mason Percussion Sheet Music Lowell Mason Timpani Sheet Music Lowell Mason Organ Accompaniment Sheet Music Lowell Mason Orchestra Sheet Music
Instrument: B-Flat Trumpet Sheet Music Bassoon Sheet Music Harpsichord Sheet Music Oboe Sheet Music Percussion Sheet Music Timpani Sheet Music Organ Accompaniment Sheet Music
Ensemble: Orchestra Music
Genre: Christmas Sheet Music Classical Sheet Music
Format: Set of Parts
Level: Intermediate


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For shoppers: Sustainable seafood product finder
Find MSC labelled certified sustainable seafood products available in your country.
For businesses: Find a supplier
Search for certified suppliers worldwide offering a wide range of sustainable seafood choices.
Side orders
Dining out: Find a place to eat
Look for fish with the MSC ecolabel when dining out to be sure that you're supporting fisheries that are fishing sustainably and protecting the environment.
Latest news
Iglo Group and MSC spread sustainability net across Europe
Dec 17, 2014
Iglo Group will use the MSC ecolabel on pack in more countries than any other food manufacturer across Europe.
MSC ecolabel on all FRoSTA fish products
Nov 24, 2014
FRoSTA becomes the only company in Poland to switch its entire range of frozen ocean-caught fish to MSC certified sustainable product.
Lussmanns offers a cheeky solution to sustainable fish
Nov 20, 2014
Group of three restaurants is the first small British group outside London to get certified.


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Our toreador-inspired flyaway cardigan is knit in La Paz, Bolivia, using 100% Alpaca fiber, a material that has been part of Andean textile traditions for thousands of years. With embroidered appliqués and leather buttons at the neck, this sophisticated red-and-black cardigan showcases indigenous Bolivian craftsmanship as well as the country's colonial Spanish influence. Perfect for holiday gatherings, with two removable black tassels at the neck.
Handmade in Bolivia. 100% alpaca. Women's sizes S (4-6), M (8-10), L (12-14), XL (16-18), XXL (20).
Dry clean only.
Indigenous people in South America have raised alpaca for its fleece for thousands of years before Europeans learned about the animal and exported alpaca fiber to Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries. Today this domesticated animal is bred throughout the world, but its native habitat is the Andean altiplano: Ecuador, southern Peru, northern Bolivia, and northern Chile.
Descended from the wild vicuña, alpaca resemble a cross between a llama and a sheep. Its fleece is similar to sheep's wool, but is usually softer, less prickly, and has minimal lanolin content, making it virtually hypoallergenic. Its extreme warmth, relatively light weight, and natural resistance to water make alpaca wool an ideal fabric for the frigid winters of the Andean altiplano. These qualities have also led to a rise in the use of alpaca fiber in outdoor gear and active wear, although it is also easily spun into a fine enough yarn for use in suits and other dress wear.
Most alpaca products can be treated as you would an object made of sheep's woolhand wash using a mild soap and lukewarm water, or dry cleanbut check the tag or manufacturer's instructions for specific instructions.


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WranglerTough Enough To Wear Pink Raised $14.5 Million Fight Breast Cancer
Wrangler Tough Enough To Wear Pink (TETWP), the grassroots cowboy campaign fighting breast cancer since 2004, celebrated its eighth anniversary this year by surpassing the $14.5 million mark in funds raised since its inception. Hundreds of volunteers and regional rodeos across the U.S. and Canada made this achievement possible. The top 2012 fundraising rodeo events included Cattleman's Day in Gunnison, Colo, Missoula Stampede, Black Hills Stock Show and Rodeo, Minot Y's Men's Rodeo, Red Bluff Round-Up and the bell ringer event, Cowboys for Cancer, Las Cruces, NM.
"We were thrilled to announce we surpassed the $14.5 million mark at the WranglerNational Final Rodeo in Las Vegas on Wrangler Tough Enough To Wear Pink Night," explains Terry Wheatley , who founded the campaign alongside former Wrangler Director of Special Events and current Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association Commissioner, Karl Stressman . "All money raised benefits local breast cancer charities and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, which funds groundbreaking breast cancer research projects internationally."
Wrangler Tough Enough to Wear Pink was created eight years ago when Wheatley and Stressman issued a challenge to the cowboys: Are You Tough Enough To Wear Pink? During one night of the 10-night Wrangler National Finals Rodeo, the competitors were dared to wear the color pink to bring attention to the need for early detection and a cure for breast cancer, a disease which affects many families in the western community. Cowboys and cowgirls created a sensation when they galloped into the championship arena ablaze in pink. Inspired rodeo fans soon began asking how they could put on Wrangler TETWP events at their own hometown rodeos, and the grassroots fundraising took off one rodeo at a time. Wrangler Tough Enough To Wear Pink Night has become an annual Wrangler National Finals Rodeo tradition, which took place this year Monday, Dec. 10
.Wheatley, a California entrepreneur who owns and operates Canopy Management, a Napa Valley wine company creating, marketing and selling wine under the Wine Sisterhood banner, is a rodeo wife, mom and breast cancer survivor. One of Wine Sisterhood's wines, Purple Cowboy, is the official wine of Wrangler TETWP. Purple Cowboy is also the official wine of the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association.
Purple Cowboy wines include Tenacious Red, a Cabernet/Merlot blend, Trail Boss Cabernet and Night Rider Merlot, all from the cowboy wine country appellation of Paso Robles.
TETWP continues to be spearheaded by Wheatley, while the Wrangler brand remains the program's title sponsor, selling the official pink apparel. Lacey and Katie Wheatley coordinate with rodeos and other non-rodeo organizations to create the pink-themed fundraisers across the country throughout the year.
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About Author
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….My love of reading began as a child when my grade 3 teacher read an Enid Blyton book to our class in the afternoons…..This nurtured a love of tales of exciting adventure, taking me to places strange and different, exotic and beautiful…..I still enjoy reading a good book….Where the rest of the world just disappears……
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Photo Manipulation – (stock credits to be added soon)
Edited in Corel PSP X2
"Be yourself; everyone else is already taken." – Oscar Wilde
I'm also on Facebook as Carol Knudsen Photographic Artist
If you like my work here on Redbubble & you are on Facebook feel free to pop over & 'like' my page
Awww…love this Carol…well done!!! :o)
Hi Dawn…Thank you…You are always so kind about my work ♥
– Carol Knudsen
Just wonderful!!
Thank you so very much :)
– Carol Knudsen
oh wow Carol….this takes us straight to to that magical place we all just want to escape to every now and then, love it!! Brilliant work again my friend!:-))x
Aw! Thanks so much dear Lynda…Your comment brings a smile to my face :) xx
– Carol Knudsen
Your are such an artist Carol, love this !!!! :)))))
And you are too kind! lol….Thank you so much Di :) xx
– Carol Knudsen
This one really caught my eye! Wonderful! (I love to read too!)
And don't you find the book always better than the movie?
Thank you so much for dropping by and leaving such a nice comment :) x
– Carol Knudsen
How creative and magical! You do these images so well!!
Thank you dear Karen….You are so kind with your comments ♥
– Carol Knudsen
Just wonderful, Carol! Beautifully realized concept! Love the perspectives and light! ~kim
Thank you so very very much Kim….I enjoyed creating this one :) x
– Carol Knudsen
Fabulous work Carol , love it . x
So pleased you do dear Irene :) xx
– Carol Knudsen
– Carol Knudsen


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Outdoor Decals are high quality, durable, long lasting, uv-resistant vinyl. They are designed to be used on the exterior of windows in all types of environments. These decals make great gifts and can be used as effective advertisements or special promotions. PLEASE NOTE: MOST DECALS ARE SOLD IN THE COLOR WHITE. THIS IS THE COLOR THAT STANDS OFF OF TINTED WINDOWS THE BEST. Size: 4x8 |
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Celebrities continue to react with a mix off shock and sadness Tuesday at the news that actor Robin Williams took his own life on Aug. 11. Here are a few of their statements:
(Jim Cole/AP) New lottery tickets come with a side of bacon—scent HOOKSETT, N.H. (AP) — New Hampshire's new scratch-and-sniff lottery ticket is off to a sizzling start. Full Story |
Bernice Gordon, crossword puzzle constructor, dies at 101 PHILADELPHIA (AP) — Bernice Gordon, a prolific crossword constructor whose puzzles were published in major newspapers and brain-teaser books, has died at the age of 101. Full Story |
Eddie Murphy returning to 'Saturday Night Live' The actor and comedian will appear on "SNL's" 40th anniversary episode, marking his first time on the show in 31 years. |


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I recently replaced the ignition coil pack, (shorted out)the car starts now, BUT IT WAS NOT SHIFT...
Volkswagen Q&A
Ask Your QuestionAll 2000 Volkswagen Jetta questions
My radio will not turn on, when I push power button, it reads..Safe 1000
Trany on first won't shift
Was shifting only 1, 2 and3 no 4 had codes showing sensors not getting to TCM replace the two sen...
My fuse for my trunk and gas door keeps blowing and my alternator won't charge
i just replaced my alternator because my battery wasn't receiving any charge and the problem ...
Is my water pump bad
A hose got a hole in it and i lost all the water in while trying to make it back to town i didnt ...
Transmission fluid jetta GLS
127,000 miles the car start to shift in high RPM , im thinking low in transmission fluid ,
must put into drive then reverse before reverse will work?
Where are the antitheft sensor alarms located hood, trunk, door, is there a tilt
does it have an indicator light for transmission
does my 2000 Jetta have an indicator light for transmission
My volkswahon jetta 2000 model is giving me a warning, oil press manual service
Why driving I recieved a warning on my volkswagon dashboard oil press manual service, what does t...
Why my volkswagon jetta 2000 model is giving a oil press warning
Today why driving my volkswagon jetta 2000 model give me a warning oil press manual service stop,...
My car display emmision workshop on screen
When I am driving it display emmision workshop on the screen then it lost from the screen everyti...
Wiper motor is running but blades just stopped in midst of rain storm.
New wiper system and blades. Only about 2 months ago.
why is side to side motion stiff of my manual transmission
when cables disconnected sided to side is fine. Working dampening weight up and down under hood i...
Battery light intermittently flickers on and off while driving
Battery light flickers on and off occasionally while driving. Not on long enough for the alarm be...
Why my car revs out when i hit 2 on rpm.
When drivin my car once it goes to 2 rpm's than it will rev to 3 4 5 until let go of speed. S...
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1 pushrod | 6 Hal... |
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As requested, here are some more drawings of the characters in my story. Pic 1: Master Bock. I based his apearence off the minifig Romain made. I'm not too good at drawing clone armor but I tried my …
My customized Luke Skywalker, Leia Organ and Han Solo
Like I promised, here are some minifig replicas of the original concept art for all three books in the 'Leia Tanura' series. Pic 1 is of the original team before the war began: Top Romain, Syl and A …
This is some concept art I made for the second installment in the Leia Tanura trilogy. The first one (Leia Tanura-Rise of the Sith Army) is currently being posted in the SW Stories forum. Leia Tanur …
The Skywalkers decided to take a vacation to Endor
Hey guys! Just a couple figs my sis wanted to post. The clone is a recruited female human named Oshie Deff, the mando is called Asasha Manda, and the other one is Leia
Enjoy! Happy Holidays, Theforceisstrongwithbarriss
Aah!! True Lego love between Han and Leia! Love love!!!!!
This is a picture by Romaniandude12 that he gave me permission to photoshop. Leia Tanura, a Jedi friend of Romain Kolar. Go to Romaniandude12's creation page for more information on this character. :D
These are photos of Leia Tanura, who is a Jedi and a good friend of Romain Kolar (the future Darth Foel) in my story, "Darth Foel: Beginings of an Empire. She is based on the user, imalegofan4344. P …
micro star wars figures.Download to build.Happy building!
Just some Episode IV Death Star scenes.
This is Part 1/4 of my collection, These are all of my Rebellion,Empire,Knights of the old repubic, and Republic Figures I hope you enjoy this part. Picture 1:All Picture 2:Empire/Knights of the old …
Yoda (alien from Toy Story) teaches two padawans about the ewok village. Luke and Hon Solo teach padawans to fight with lightsabers. While all this is happening Leia helps a padawan target practice w …
Luke, Leia, Hon, and R2-D2 are escaping Jabba the Hut on Luke's hover bike.
He's a little short to be a stormtrooper! But who cares? Luke has come to rescue the Princess!
Where all started... somehow
Galaxy Patrol and Slave Leia V2
Galaxy Patrol and Slave Leia V1
Sandtrooper and Leia
Princess Leia is organising the new alliance, ready for any imperial outbreak.
The empire has been defeated and peace has been returned to the galaxy by these heroes of the Rebel Alliance.
This is the secret rebel base where the rebels make all the secrets
Hi everyone, I'm Hahli. I go on the Lego Gallery, but I've never been on this one (not since they modernized it, I think I was on it back int 2008 when I first started). Probably won't be on here …
The storm troopers captured Han Solo but Chewbacca got away. He went and got the help of his friends, Yoda, Luke and Princess Leia to free Han Solo. The storm troopers are no match for this group!
The title says it all. Enjoy! :)
We were wanting to make an amazing stop motion based on the Lego Movie. We just started building and will be about 20 minutes. Here's the "poster".
When I think of Father's Day, I think of backyard Barbeques! So that's what the Skywalkers are doing today! We have some grilled chicken, grilled fish, croissant rolls, fresh cookies, and a giant cak …
A scene of defeat
"We would be honoured if you would join us."
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STAR WARS™ and all characters, names and related indicia are © 2015 Lucasfilm Ltd. & TM. All rights reserved.


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I thought I would try a new pie recipe for Thanksgiving this
year. Every year I like to try a new recipe or two just to change things up,
but here are certain recipes I cannot change or skip. Pies however, are easy to
change. It is just a matter of adding and as long as I include a Lemon Meringue,
all is well.
Today I went out and got everything I need for the new pie
so I could do a trial run on the recipe, but it was so warm, I did not want to
heat the oven. Maybe tomorrow I will get around to it. I will let you know how
it turns out and if it is a keeper.
Do you ever do that? Try out new recipes before the big day?
Until tomorrow . . .


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if you want a colour to perk up your mood, to feel fun and feminine, to feel bold and confident, this is it. this isn't just pink it's PINK and it's fabulous. there's a lot of reasons i love mac lipsticks but one of the main is the lack of taste-i hate synthetic tasting crap lipsticks. it has a faint vanilla smell like their other lippies.
i don't use liner before hand and don't put anything on top and this stuff doesn't bleed and lasts a decently long time. wear it, own it and love it---beautiful with a clean cat eye.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
More reviews by MyLittleGetaway
I'm sure my review is longer than most, but it means a lot to me. Thanks for reading :)
Let me start off by telling you a little bit about my previous lipstick wearing habits. Don't worry, it's short because it's basically nonexistent. The only lip product I wore sort of proudly was L'Oreal's Fairest Nude. I love the idea of lipstick, I think it is romantic in a way, but I never felt right wearing it. -Like a little girl who got into Mommy's makeup. As for my physical features, I wear MAC's Mineralize Skinfinish Natural in Light Plus, and my lips are small and definitely not the highlight of my face.
I had containers to return to MAC (if you are familiar with the Back to MAC program you know what I mean) and I was picking out my lipstick. I told the woman at the counter I had practically no experience with lipstick and would let her pick some out for me. Honestly the only one I truly remember was Candy Yum-Yum. She held the tube up for me to examine and I immediately thought: "ARE YOU CRAZY?! I tell you I'm not used to wearing lipstick and THIS is what you pick out?" but I put on my best poker-face and agreed to at least try it. To my absolute surprise, I LOVED it. The color is so intense, it is perfect on my small lips; just the right pop of color. I felt a coolness and confidence that I had never felt before while wearing lipstick. To think, that I pulled off this crazy color! I get lots of compliments from my girl friends; guys, they just don't get it. :)
As for the product itself, it was suggested to me by the woman at the counter that I line my lips with MAC's Magenta lip liner pencil first. I own that as well and usually use it before applying Candy Yum-Yum, but I wouldn't say that you HAVE to. It just makes my lips look especially bold. There is no smell that I have noticed and it isn't at all sticky. (Which is great because I think that's what deters me the most from lip products.) It is a matte lipstick so my lips do feel a little dry and I seem to wet them more often. Thankfully, this does nothing to the pigmentation and it wears for about 4-5 hours. Even after eating/drinking the color stays put. When it does begin to fade, it is only the vibrancy that fades a little bit and it still looks nice. The staying power is so good, that I need a makeup remover to get it off completely. Using a napkin or tissue just won't do it. -Not that I mind!
I would tell anyone to at least give Candy Yum-Yum a try in the store or at the counter. The worst that could happen is that you won't like it and wipe it off. You'll never know until you try! :-) Good luck!
5 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I tried this lipstick on and it looked terrible on me I really didn't like it. I think this lipstick would look best on NC20 skin
I believe this is my HG pink lipstick! Paired with minimal makeup, it's a great color for spring & summer! Best to use a lip primer so it doesn't bleed or feather, and/or MAC Lip Erase to get the truest color. I hate matte lipsticks so I top it with MAC Right Image Cremesheen lip glass and it's so beautiful! Love love love it!
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I can see why this is so popular. I am now experimenting with bright crazy colors for this spring season and had to try this out for myself.
First of all, the color is absolutely beautiful even with my warm toned skin and makes my teeth absolutely white like rice. It is bright without being garish. When I first applied, I was afraid but after a few minutes of adjusting to the bright color, it is absolutely stunning. My husband said "your lips are creepy!" But guess what? I don't really care. This is a girl pretty color and will get you those evil eye stares from jealous women, and men will stare just because its so bright. I would have to say I adore it and will be abusing it frequently with a simple eye look, regardless of what others say.
The matte finish makes sure it stays put and doesn't bleed, I can't stand bright colors that seep out beyond my lip line and makes me look Iike I just ate a batch of neon crayons. Just wear a balm underneath and over it to make sure your lips stay moist.
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
OH MY GOD. I don't think I have to say much more. I love this and that's all you need to know. Every girl needs this. ESSENTIAL
I am pretty much obsessed with this product. I really love how bright and pink it is. I honestly think this is the perfect Spring lipstick albeit being a little bit obnoxious at times... YA JUST GOTTA LEARN TO ROCK IT, GURL. When I first tried this on I didn't have any make-up on at all and I was utterly against it. I didn't like the way it looked on my skin at all. I came back a month later, and tried it on with minimal make-up and I adored it. I guess I just didn't appreciate it as much because I wasn't all made up. But I digress, apart from me being completely in love with this lipstick, there are some things that are quite undesirable about this thing of beauty: I highly dislike matte lipstick and this lipstick and matte beyond belief - meaning, it sets into your lips' line... especially if you don't use a lip balm beforehand. Other than that, I have no issues with anything else, really. I'm pretty much satisfied with everything else especially the price.. It's not exactly cheap, but it's worth the price.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I have a huge obsession with pink lipsticks, and because of my obsession I feel compelled to buy every shade that MAC has to offer. Candy Yum-Yum is my most recent acquisition, a very bright, neon pink. The matte formula is great, the longevity is phenomenal but I can't help but feel it's too similar to another beloved pink lippy I own - NARS Schiap. I would say Candy Yum-Yum is just a bit more pink, but they're both very comparable. It's worth mentioning that you MUST prep your lips beforehand - give them a good exfoliation followed by either lip balm or prep + prime lip then apply with a lip brush so you can control the depth of colour.
I tried it on at the mac store because the girl said it would really suit me (I am blond and I have full lips). It looked great but a bit 80's as I was wearing blue eyeliner that moment. I love the texture (matte) and the colour but it's definately overhyped. I didn't buy it, have enough other pinks (and i'm not really a pink girl). It's really overhyped.
2 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No


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Excitement builds for Western Fantasy 2012, starring Rodney Atkins
The 19th annual Western Fantasy, a benefit for Volunteers of America that stars country singer Rodney Atkins, comes down Oct. 20 at the National Western Events Center. Anticipation grows, thanks to a couple of pre-parties that Joanne Davidson expands on in the Mile High Style blog.
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Top Apps
- Audio & Video
- Business & Enterprise
- Communications
- Development
- Home & Education
- Games
- Graphics
- Science & Engineering
- Security & Utilities
- System Administration
Showing page 1 of 2.
MPC-HC: Media Player Classic Home Cinema An extremely light-weight, open source media player for Windows®
322,199 weekly downloads -
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MPC-BE Media Player Classic - BE
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Kiwix Wikipedia offline & more
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Systemback Simple system backup and restore application with extra features
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Emulador WYD Core (English) Emulator developed for the game With Your Destiny (WYD), by team EWC(Emulator Wyd Core), Software non-profit (free), GNU License. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com, Contributions are accepted. EWC project is Open Source.
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Fresh Moonlight
Dec 04, 2008Moonlight is the name of Novell's Linux implementation of Microsoft's Silverlight 1.0 technology. Moonlight is now available in a Beta version for 32 and 64 Bit Linux systems, albeit only for Firefox users.
more »Nokia Closes on Symbian Deal; Foundation in Sight
Dec 03, 2008Mobile networking firm Nokia now has the requisite majority shares in Symbian Limited to complete the purchase of the mobile phone OS manufacturer. All Symbian employees will become Nokia employees as of February 1, 2009.
more »Market Share: Advance for Mozilla, Setback for Microsoft
Dec 03, 2008Market watcher Net Applications has found in their recent statistics that Microsoft's representation in operating systems has fallen to below 90% of the market. Meanwhile, Mozilla's Firefox is rising to a more than 20% share in the browser market.
more »Bugzilla 3.2 Has Oracle Linkup and Better Services
Dec 02, 2008The Bugzilla project has released its version 3.2. Next to Oracle support it has many new improvements to its services
more »Linux on iPhones
Dec 01, 2008A Linux Kernel 2.6 runs on Apple's iPhones (first and second generation) and the iPod Touch (first generation).
more »Good OS Cloud: Linux as Quick Start for Web and Windows
Dec 01, 2008Best known for its Wal-Mart Linux PC called gOS, Good OS is presenting a new Cloud browser operating system at the Netbook World Summit in Paris. The compressed Linux kernel boots up as an integrated browser.
more »Thunderbird Add-Ons Practical add-ons for Thunderbird
Dec 01, 2008Mozilla Thunderbird email client continues to gain ground thanks to its multitude of internal features, and add-ons help to extend its functionality.
more »Flash Alternative: Processing Version 1.0
Nov 26, 2008This past weekend has produced a version 1.0 of Processing, a Flash alternative product that runs under GPL.
more »Issue 172/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
Cisco Releases Annual Security Report
Spammers go low-volume, and 90% of IE browsers are unpatched.
Zero Day Exploits Target Flash
Adobe scrambles to release patches for vulnerable Flash Player.
Intel Unveils Compute Stick
Four-inch-long computer on a stick lets you boot a full Linux system from any HDMI display device.
Obama Proposes Personal Data Notification Law
New statute would require companies to report break-ins to consumers.
TGXf Project Warns of File Transfer through Screen Pixels
Weird data transfer technique avoids all standard security measures.
Industry Giants Announce a Fix for the Password Mess
FIDO alliance declares the beginning of the end for old-style login authentication.
Poll: Vote for the Best Open Source Software for Photographers
The Linux New Media Awards have honored the most significant products, projects, people, and organizations for open source/Linux every year since 2000.
Debian Gets Forked
Legendary Uber-distro splits over the systemd controversy.
Linux Mint Project Releases Mint 17.1
New LTS version offers many refinements for the Cinnamon and Mate desktops and significant improvement under the hood.
CeBIT Open Source Forum Call for Papers
One of CeBIT's most successful forums returns in 2015.


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United announces new contest for free beef
The United Family has partnered with meat company Cargill to give its customers a chance to win a freezer full of Texas beef.
United said one winner at each United Supermarkets, Market Street and Amigos location in West Texas will get beef worth more than $300.
The sweepstakes runs through May 27. Every Genuine Texas Beef product in United Family stores includes a sticker with a promotional code on the back. Customers can visit GTBfreezer.com to enter the code, basic identifying information, and which United Family store they shop at most often.
"The United Family is committed to rewarding our guests' loyalty with exciting store promotions and giveaways," said Jason Steen, business manager of meat/seafood for United. "As summer begins, this is an opportunity for guests to kick start grilling season by winning a variety of great Genuine Texas Beef."
Now in its 98th year of operation, United Supermarkets is a Texas-based grocery chain with stores in 31 markets across North and West Texas. For more information, go online to www.unitedtexas.com .
Subscribe to the Times Record News
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6181.
Monday-Friday: 5:30am-8pm / Saturday: 6am-1pm / Sunday: 6am-1pm


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Behind The Scenes Photos Of Robert Pattinson's Dior Commercial Are Here And Are Perfect
The Twilight star's cologne ad comes out September 1. Let the countdown to #DiorRob begin.
1. Today, Dior released three photos from Rob's upcoming cologne ad.
4. It's been a long wait for RPattz fans. But last week we got these gems from a behind the scenes video.
Check out more articles on BuzzFeed.com!
More News About
Robert Pattinson


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MINNEAPOLIS — Supervalu here will seek to integrate its new Wild Harvest organic and natural products line with conventional products as much as possible, Adam Graham, brand manager for the private-label line, told SN yesterday. "Our goal is to get people to try these products, and we think [integration] is one of the best ways to do that," he said. The line, which adopts the name of the organic private label previously rolled out at Supervalu's Shaw's division, will focus on perimeter items ...
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Dust Collection & Air Pollution Control
Patented Vacuum Systems
May 6, 2012Applications for this full line of portable, stationary, and custom-engineered vacuum systems include: fine powders/dust, abrasives, steel shot, carbon black, coal, fly ash, cement, sludge, plastics, gravel, powder coating, and foods. These exclusive patented vacuums can be used for low-volume and...
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PleatJet II Horizontal Dust Collector
May 6, 2012The new PleatJet II Plus horizontal cartridge collector features the Opti-Pulse cartridge cleaning system that employs a specially designed cleaning cone that slows and spreads the velocity of the cleaning pressure, improving cartridge cleaning by ensuring even distribution of the cleaning air...
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EBRO Armaturen USA
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Baghouse Performance Analyzer & Controller
April 13, 2012The B-PAC series of baghouse performance analyzers & controllers offers a combination of features to help powder processing, air pollution control, and dust collection users meet EPA or OSHA compliance, while simultaneously reducing operating costs and improving the process. The controllers...
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Powder Show Conference Program Features Dust-Related Sessions
April 12, 2012The Powder & Bulk Solids Conference, May 8-10, Rosemont, IL, will feature a Dust Collection and Safety track that will include topics like dust capture, filter sizing/selection, duct layout, environmental/safety standards, and fire/explosion implications. Here is a list of the sessions:...
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Conveyor Catch Cloths
April 9, 2012Catch cloths of 18-gauge vinyl are available for installation under conveyors in the food processing and baking industries. Catch cloths prevent errant product from dropping onto other lines or being transferred throughout the plant. They facilitate plant cleanup by confining spillage in one area....
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Portable Dust Collector
April 6, 2012The PCH Series of portable dust collection systems provides source-point collection of airborne contaminants and prevents contaminants from migrating throughout the facility to settle on equipment and fixtures, contaminate product, or present physical hazards to personnel. The PCH Series collection...
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Continuous-Duty Industrial Vacuum
March 28, 2012Vac-U-Max offers its updated Model 1020 continuous-duty industrial vacuum. The Model 1020 features a powerful positive displacement pump designed specifically for high-volume recovery of up to 5 tn/hr. It is also used in the recovery of heavy materials including steel shot, foundry sand, metal...
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Sly Announces Additional Representation in Dallas/Ft. Worth Area
March 26, 2012Sly Inc. has announced the expansion of local sales representation in the state of Texas. Solids Processing Equipment & Conveying Systems Inc. (SPECS) with offices in Houston and the San Antonio area, who has represented Sly in the state of Texas for more than 25 years, has announced the...
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Tri-Flow Filters with PTFE Membranes
March 23, 2012Tri-Mer Corp. has introduced Tri-Flow filters with a PTFE membrane for the collection of particulate 0.3 microns and above. This filtration technology delivers HEPA level performance with a MERV 16 rating. PTFE filters are self-supporting; media is pleated and continuously bonded for maximum...


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The Grandmother Book - A Book About You for Your Grandchild
Andy and Susan Hilford
This Grandmother's Book of memories includes spaces for special photographs, report cards, family tree, and other cherished memorabilia and keepsakes, along with thoughtful, amusing, memory-nudging prompts. More
Earth's Most Customer-Centric Company!$12.83 | MORE DETAIL |
Featured Offers
Personalized Gifts
Exclusive designs personalized free Preview online, order today & save!
Romantic Gifts for Her
Find a romantic gift for that special woman in your life!
Your Love. Your Story.
Custom books that list the reasons why you love them. Easy & Fun!


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Comments on Power Lines | Add Comment |
Show which comments —
By PDub-Trad From: Corvallis, Oregon Jul 26, 2012 |
Otherwise known as Clark Shelk's - Tick Ranch. There was a topo up on his website revolutionclimbing.com, its gone now. It was a popular bouldering area at one point, and there is a .12 something sport line that watt's established thats apparently stellar and historic. There is at least 6 bolted lines here, maybe a few more. If anyone wants the Shelk topo he put up and thats now down - email me email@example.com |
By CritConrad From: Bend, OR Oct 30, 2012 |
This area is totally separate from the Tick Ranch. It is a few miles down the dirt roads. Tick ranch is just off FS 4606 (at the bridge) while the powerlines are off of FS 4609. |
By PDub-Trad From: Corvallis, Oregon Nov 8, 2012 |
I apologize CritConrad. I stand corrected. Being that the two bouldering areas, and Shevlin Park are in the same general vicinity I was under the impression that more folks know the area as "Tick Ranch", being the more "historic" name going all the way back to the 90's and all. Its what came to mind for me when I first saw "power lines" posted here. Having the 4606 vs 4609 clarification will probably help those finding power lines versus "tick ranch". |
By JC aka John Collins From: Bend Or Dec 5, 2014 |
the historic route is called"spellbinder". It is located above the bridge. Park at the bridge and walk up the switchbacks. This place is now called "The Super Unknown ". Lots of bouldery and short 5.ll and .12 routes with just enough bolts to keep you safe. Spellbinder starts next to the trail head sign.It starts with a fixed pin and goes up the right facing corner which is left of a bolt line. It leaves the corner and goes out a killer hand crack to the left. Anchors in this area are bolts but not always set up with rap rings or chains. I though Ed Barry did the FA.Road is closed from Dec.1st to April 1st. |


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Let alone that people are using up the old technology. Little do they know if they were not so cheap that there are "good" Blackberry's to be had. Maybe this has something to do with the bad economy?
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