text:
Improved 2 mrad crossing angle layout for the international linear collider
ABSTRACT This paper describes the current status and plans of the on-going work to develop an alternative interaction region for the ILC with a 2 mrad crossing-angle. In the past year, a new design has been produced, following simpler concepts and assumptions in order to be as economical as possible.
Conference Paper: The 2mrad crossing angle scheme for the international linear collider
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present baseline configuration of the ILC has a 14 mrad crossing angle between the beams at the interaction point. This allows easier extraction of the beams after col- lisions, but imposes on the other hand more constraints on the control of the beams prior to colliding them. More- over, some limitations to physics capabilities arise, in par- ticular because of the degraded very forward electromag- netic detector hermeticity and because calibration proce- dures for (gaseous) tracking detectors become more com- plex. To mitigate these problems, alternative configurations with very small crossing angles are studied. A new version of the 2 mrad layout was designed last year, based on sim- pler concepts and assumptions. The emphasis of this new scheme was to satisfy specifications with as few and feasi- ble magnets as possible, in order to reduce costs.EPAC08; 01/2008 - SourceAvailable from: Dragan ToprekD. Angal-Kalinin, F. Jackson, J. Jones, R. Appleby, R. Barlow, A. Scarfe, A. Toader, D. Toprek, O. Delferrière, M. Durante, F. Kircher, O. Napoly[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This report is the deliverable of the EUROTeV Beam Delivery System Lattice Design (BDSLD) and gives an overview of the published results. - SourceAvailable from: cern.ch
Page 1
R. Appleby
?, D. Toprek (The Cockcroft Institute and the University of Manchester, UK),
D. Angal-Kalinin (The Cockcroft Institute and ASTeC, UK),
P. Bambade, S. Cavalier, O. Dadoun (LAL, France)
spent beams. As a backup and potential alternative, the
2 mrad scheme proposed at Snowmass [3] is reconsidered
with a much shorter and economical design. The explicit
aim is to use as few and feasible magnets as possible while
accommodating all beam parameter sets specified for 0.5
and 1 TeV. The dedicated post-IP spectrometer and po-
larimeter chicanes planned in the 14 mrad baseline design
are excluded and one assumes instead that new methods,
recently discussed to perform these measurements in dif-
ferent ways, will be successfully developed. Crab-crossing
is also not relied on during initial ILC running (the cor-
responding luminosity loss is only
provisions are included to add it later as an upgrade. Fi-
nally, deflectionsfromthe off-axisgeometryin the detector
solenoid are small enough not to require a DID/anti-DID
and induced pre and post-IP trajectory bumps are an order-
of-magnitude smaller than for 14 mrad.
In the following, progress is reported on the new optical
layout of the extraction line, for 0.5 and 1 TeV centre-of-
mass energies and including optimised final doublets (FD),
on integrationinto the final focus and on designing the first
bending magnet with shared aperture for spent and beam-
strahlungbeams. Plans to completethe designareoutlined.
Studies of photon backscattering induced by particle
losses in the extraction lines and of their detector impact
pursued recently in the context of the 2 mrad design are
reported in [4].
This paper describes the current status and plans of the
on-going work to develop an alternative interaction region
forthe ILC with a 2mradcrossing-angle. In thepast year,a
new design has been produced,following simpler concepts
and assumptions in order to be as economical as possible1.
The 300 ns long ILC inter-bunch spacing allows choos-
ing either large, small, or even null, crossing-angles at the
interaction point (IP). Pros and cons exist for each. The
main strength of the large 14 mrad crossing-angle adopted
as present baseline [1] is to allow independent magnetic
channels for in and outgoing beams, by means of compact
superconducting (SC) focusing magnets now under devel-
opment. This eases the transport of the disrupted post-IP
beams while facilitating adding diagnostics to serve pre-
cision physics studies, in particular a spectrometer and po-
larimeter complementingsimilar devicesplannedupstream
in the Beam Delivery System (BDS).
Such a large crossing-angle however adds challenging
constraints to the setup and tuning of the beams prior to
collisions. To avoid large luminosity loss from the reduced
bunch overlap, x-z correlations (crab-crossing) are intro-
duced through special RF cavities. A system of dipoles
called DID/anti-DIDis also addedto the solenoidto locally
cancel the horizontal field component seen by the beams
traversing with a finite angle with respect to its axis. The
trajectory perturbation from the non-axial geometry and
DID/anti-DID must then be corrected before and after the
IP. For the detector, a large crossing-angle is also disfa-
vored as it complicates the very forward geometry, in par-
ticular for the calorimetric coverage at small polar angles.
The DID/anti-DID, which may be set based on experimen-
and frequent track-based calibration procedures to monitor
the resulting field distortions, which may limit the achiev-
able track momentum resolution, e.g. if a Time Projection
Chamber is used as main tracker.
For these reasons, alternative interaction region (IR)
designs with small crossing-angles are pursued. Ideally,
head-on collisions should be best [2]. The main challenge
are then the electrostatic separators needed to extract the
1Work supported by the EC under the FP6 "Research Infrasctructure
Action - Structuring the European Research Area" EUROTeV DS Project
Contract no.011899 RIDS
? 15%) while space
The layout of the new 2 mrad design is shown in Fig-
ure 1. Beamstrahlung cone clearances of 0.75 and 0.85
mrad half-openingangles were specified in each transverse
plane [5] forthe latest ILC beamparameters[6]. Beam loss
calculations were done with very large statistics macropar-
ticle files [7], to limit statistical errors to less than 1 W.
Final doublet
The FDs are based on superconducting and warm tech-
nologies for the QD0-SD0 and QF1-SF1 magnet systems,
respectively. For 0.5 TeV, QD0 uses parameters similar to
the LHC main lattice design, based on NbTi and with a
pole-tip field of 6.3 T. For 1 TeV, Nb
pole-tip field of 8.8 T. The maximum pole tip field for SD0
was taken to be 4.4 T. For the QF1 and SF1 warm magnets,
pole tip fields up to 1.4 and 0.75 T are used. The outgo-
ing beam passes off-axis through the same apertures as the
incoming beam in QD0 and SD0, where it is kicked out-
?Sn is planned with a
Proceedings of PAC07, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USATHPMN077
03 Linear Colliders, Lepton Accelerators and New Acceleration Techniques
1-4244-0917-9/07/$25.00 c ?2007 IEEE
A03 Linear Colliders
Page 2
50 100 150200250300
Distance (m)
Extracted Beam
Incoming Beam
Figure1: Layoutofthenew2 mradcrossing-anglescheme.
Bending magnets closest to the IP are protected against
beamstrahlung tails by vertical collimators.
wards by about additional 2 mrad. This offsets it enough
to move it into the pocket regions of QF1 and SF1, where
fields and resulting inwards kicks are weaker. The magni-
tudes of the latter depend on apertures and offsets in QF1
and SF1. The parameter optimisation gave priority to en-
sure that less than 1 W total incident power was deposited
in QD0 andSD0 (correspondingto a 0.5mW/g local power
density tolerance in the SC material), for all ILC beam pa-
rametersand energies[8]. This resultedin compactdesigns
with overallextractionangles afterthe FD reducedto about
3 mrad. Table 1 shows the quadrupole parameters for the
0.5 TeV case. The full set can be found in [9].
Table 1: 0.5 TeV final doublet quadrupole parameters.
Length [m]
Strength-0.270 m
radial aperture [mm]
gradient [T/m]
0.0786 m
Extraction line
The extraction line starts after the shared final doublet
region and has a total length of about 300 m.
and the dispersion are shown in Figure 2. After about
45 m, two focusing quadrupoles centered on the outgo-
ing beam and with apertures large enough to accommodate
the beamstrahlung cone are used to extend the final dou-
blet (QEX1) and to provide some weak vertical focusing
(QEX2). Giventhe needtoprovideaquasifield-freeregion
for the nearby incoming beam (offset only about 150 mm
away from the centroid of the extractedbeam), a Panofsky-
style quadrupoledesign [10] is studied. Screening collima-
tors rated up to 1 kW are included for protection.
The QEX1,2 magnet strengths are adjusted to minimise
the disruptedbeamsize at thelocationofthefirst extraction
bend BHEX1, a normal conductingC-shaped dipole with a
2 mrad bend angle, 6 m length for 0.5 TeV and orbit sep-
aration to the incoming beam of about 260 mm. Since the
overall angles of the extracted beamstrahlung and charged
03 Linear Colliders, Lepton Accelerators and New Acceleration Techniques
Figure 2: Optics for the 0.5 TeV extraction line.
beams after the final doublet are about 2 and 3 mrad, re-
spectively, its gap must be large enough to accommodate
both, with final separation achieved only after. Collima-
tors rated to 5 kW are included for protection against the
low-energy beam and beamstrahlung tails. Two additional
normal conducting dipoles, BB1 and BB2, are included af-
ter BHEX1 to provide the separation needed at the dump.
Primary collimators are designed to control the growth
of the low-energy beam tail on the dump window. These
collimators should absorb up to 210 kW. A possible solu-
tionuses rotatingAl ballsin flowingwater [11]. Collimator
specifications for 0.5 teV are listed in Table 2. The design
is flexible such that beam sizes and the separation between
in and outgoing beams at the dump location, about 320 m
from the IP, can be adjusted easily to accommodatethe dif-
ferent scenarios presently under consideration, with either
completely shared, so-called co-joinedor completely sepa-
rate chargedparticle and photon dumps. The main changes
involve the two bends BB1,2 and downstream collimator
settings. The separations at 320 m needed for the three
cases are 0.5, 2 and 3.5 m, respectively. The second of
these is realised in the optics presented, corresponding to
1.2 mrad bend angles for BB1,2.
Table 2: Extraction line collimator losses at 500 GeV.
Collimator Length [m]
High Lumi loss [kW]
Final focus integration
The extraction line final doublet optimisation was done
using a simplified final focus system with two bends suit-
ably placed upstream [8]. Integration into the ILC final
focus is achieved by incorporating it into the baseline lat-
tice [12]. The extra length can be absorbed at the location
of the crab cavity in the RDR deck (in the 2 mrad case,
provisional space for a future crab cavity upgrade will be
THPMN077 Proceedings of PAC07, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
A03 Linear Colliders
1-4244-0917-9/07/$25.00 c ?2007 IEEE
Page 3
far upstream). The local chromaticity correction is then
re-optimised using BETA and LUMOPT [13]. The linear
optics is first matchedusingdedicatedquadrupolesandsoft
bendingmagnets. The sextupoles are then optimised to im-
prove the optical bandwidth of the system. The result is
shown in Figure 3. This is work in progress and improve-
ments are expected using octupoles and decapoles, similar
to those obtained in [14]. The strengths obtained for QD0,
QF1, SD0 andSF1 areonlymarginallydifferentfromthose
in the simplified version and thus will not affect the losses
and performance of the extraction line optics significantly.
?????????? ?????????? ??????????
Figure 3: Optical bandwidth of the final focus for a 2 mrad
crossing-angle, using only sextupoles.
BHEX1 design
A 6 cm half-gap is needed in BHEX1 to accommo-
date the limited separation between the charged and beam-
strahlung beams. The layout geometry and magnetic field
computed with Poisson [15] are shown in Figures 4 and 5.
Whilst this magnet does not present any particular tech-
nological problem, its large size and proximity to the in-
coming beam means that the field homogeneity inside and
leakage field outside must be checked. The introduction of
shims allows to limit the deviation of the vertical magnetic
field component to less than 3.2% from its design value
over the extent of the horizontal chargedbeam distribution.
This was checked to have negligible effects on beam losses
downstream. Theleakagefieldat thelocationoftheincom-
ing beam is about 1% of the design field inside the magnet.
This results in a sizeable 20
?rad kick (corresponding to
? 7.5 times the incoming beam angular divergence) which
must be corrected nearby. Furthermore, the effect of the
residual vertical decapole field component has been incor-
porated into the simplified model of the final focus, yield-
ing negligible effects on the vertical beam size at the IP.
Further more complete checks are planned with the com-
plete final focus.
In this paper,an improved2 mrad crossingangle scheme
has been presented, including carefully optimized FDs, in-
tegration into the final focus and design of the first bend-
ing magnet with shared aperture for the spent and beam-
strahlung beams. The new layout has considerable advan-
03 Linear Colliders, Lepton Accelerators and New Acceleration Techniques
1-4244-0917-9/07/$25.00 c ?2007 IEEE
Figure 4: Geometry of the BHEX1 extraction line magnet.
-50-3010 3050
x axis (cm)
By(x) (G)
Figure 5: On-axis BHEX1
beam reference trajectory. Units are in cm and Gauss.
??? field around the spent
tages over previous schemes. The plan for the EDR phase
of the project are to develop the magnet and beam pipe de-
signs, continue evaluating IP backgrounds and study and
integrate relevant post-IP instrumentation, in order to pro-
vide a competitive alternative to the baseline design.
[1] A. Seryi et al, Design of the Beam Delivery System for the
International Linear Collider, in these Proceedings.
[2] O. Napoly et al, Technical Challenges for Head-On Colli-
sions and Extraction at the ILC, in these Proceedings.
[3] R. Appleby et al, EuroTeV report 2006-001-01.
[4] O. Dadoun et al, Backscattering of Secondary Particles into
the ILC Detectors from Beam Losses along the Extraction
Lines, in these Proceedings.
[5] R. Appleby el al, EuroTeV report 2006-001-14, Under
[6] see http://media.linearcollider.org/report-apr03-part1.pdf
[7] http://flc-mdi.lal.in2p3.fr/spip.php?rubrique17
[8] R. Appleby and P. Bambade, JINST 1 P10005 (2006),
EuroTeV report-2006-022, physics/0606022.
[9] R. Appleby el al, EuroTeV memo 2007-001-01.
[10] L. Hand and W. Panofsky, Rev.Sci.Instrum.30:927,1959.
[11] Lew Keller, Private Communication.
[12] ILC-report-2007-01
[13] J. Payet al, Automatic ILC Luminosity Optimisation, in
these Proceedings.
[14] F. Jackson et al, Collimation optimisation in the beam de-
livery system of the ILC, in these Proceedings.
Proceedings of PAC07, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USATHPMN077
A03 Linear Colliders
View other sources
Hide other sources
- Available from Sophie Chancé · May 28, 2014
- Available from Dragan Toprek · Jun 1, 2014
- Available from Dragan Toprek · Jun 1, 2014
- Available from in2p3.fr
- Available from in2p3.fr


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Priority: Syria
Well-intentioned people gathered at the Islamic Cultural Association this past Saturday for a benefit dinner to fundraise for Syrian refugees.
[Read more...]Best Ever Muslim Political Rally
This Sunday witnessed what was likely the best ever Muslim political rally in Michigan history.
[Read more...]IONA Youth Outreach Program
IONA hosted a long five hour program aimed at young people.
[Read more...]Prophetic Manners / Etiquette
Canton–March 8, 2014–MCWS held a seminar on the vitally important issue of prophetic manners and etiquette.
[Read more...]New Mosque / MAS Quran Institute Opens in Detroit
The path to opening of the most recent local mosque is a little out of the ordinary. Masjid Furqan was never originally envisioned, in fact, as a mosque.
[Read more...]Imam Masmari Mesmerizes with Description of the Last Few Days of the Life of the Holy Prophet (s)
However Friday at Bloomfield's Muslim Unity Center Imam Masmari described in detail the last few days of the Prophet's (s) life
[Read more...]ISPU Banquet and Fundraiser
The ISPU held an extremely successful fundraiser this past Saturday evening at Burton Manor.
[Read more...]Health Fair at IAGD
The auditorium and common room at IAGD were transformed into a mini-hospital Saturday morning and early afternoon, where about 200 people from the community were able to get medical attention for everything from weight and blood pressure to diabetes screening and talking to all manner of specialists from neurology to dentistry.
[Read more...]MMCC Banquet A Success!
Livonia–November 3–Many of the leaders of Southeast Michigan's Muslim community were present for the MMCC Annual Banquet held this past Sunday at Burton Manor in Livonia.
[Read more...]Saturday School at Bloomfield Muslim Unity Center
Saturday school for high schoolers set to begin again!
[Read more...]Grand Rapids' Growing Muslim Community
When he first arrived in Grand Rapids in July of 2001, there was only one mosque in the city, and he was to be the imam.
[Read more...]Annual Arab Film Festival at Arab American National Museum Next Weekend
January 24 – 27, the Arab American National Museum will host, in its "intimate" 125 person theater a half dozen movies from across the Arab world
[Read more...]Islamic Cultural Association Hosts Dr. Mohammad Alsayed Elgelined in Franklin
By Adil James, TMO Franklin–Sunday, December 15–The ICA hosted a professor from the University of Cairo. Dr. Elgelined holds a Ph.D. in Aqeeda. The professor spoke in Arabic which was translated by attendees for the benefit of TMO. The professor spoke to about 20 people, who spoke on his opinion of Islamic society's supposed inability […]
[Read more...]IVC Visitors to The Muslim Observer
Farmington–November 12, 2012–The United States State Department periodically brings visitors to the United States from around the world in order to show them the true nature of this country.
[Read more...]Healing Flint Conference
[Flint] needs to be healed. This healing was the subject of a wonderful and beautifully organized conference this past Friday and Saturday at 4800 South Saginaw, just on the southern border of Flint.
[Read more...]Who Will Tell Your Story?
TMO Foundation's Third Annual Fundraiser and Awards Banquet
[Read more...]Unity Center Saturday Program for High School Students
The Unity Center is beginning a Saturday program for high school students, and held an open house to promote the program this past Saturday.
[Read more...]Eagle Elementary
… it is something of a body blow to see a bigoted and unfair anti-Muslim crusade launched from behind the doors of a synagogue…
[Read more...]Apology
The phone calls we received were very polite, and yet addressed the heartfelt concerns of the expatriate Syrian community in the United States…
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26th December 2011, 09:38 PM | #1021 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jul 2005
Location: New Zealand
@Bruno. Best wishes from a very happy customer (UcD180ADs). I progressed from tubes to class D via a little Sonic Impact...........ah the clarity.
Your latest efforts have me intrigued. I like the way you take the time to answer questions in a no-nonsense manner. UcD is good engineering. Last edited by fredex; 26th December 2011 at 09:41 PM. Reason: typo |
27th December 2011, 12:12 PM | #1022 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: Dresden
Thank you, that you aren't. You spent some recreative days hopefully. 80mW mean 79dB SPL in a 90 dB SPL/1W speaker, quite well to be heard, when switched on or off. As it is at my UcD180-amp without using the on/off control pin and at the PSC2.400, which uses the control as I believe. I can tolerate that short click although it could be less noticeable. The 12" Woofers in the PSC driven monitors show at least 1mm (outward) offset after switching on. This is much worse because this shifts the operating point significantly, causing unnecessary Bl(x), Kms(x) and L(x) distortions just around the operating point in the "small signal" range. 50mV (not specified for UcD400 OEM) should show at the B&C 12NDL76, 4.5 Ohms, 18N/A, 3N/mm (Klippel data) negligible 0.01mm offset. It seems to be significantly more. I did not measure the offset voltage though. Cheers, Timo
tiki |
27th December 2011, 12:17 PM | #1023 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2008
You misread my post. Its not 80 mW but 0,08 mW. That's 1/1000 or 30 dB less....
dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles and dipoles |
27th December 2011, 12:19 PM | #1024 |
Account disabled at member's request
Join Date: Apr 2009
1/1000 is minus 60 dB.
Last edited by pieter t; 27th December 2011 at 12:22 PM. |
27th December 2011, 12:21 PM | #1025 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2008
No, it isnt. When talking about power the math is like this:
Decibel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles dipoles and dipoles |
27th December 2011, 12:24 PM | #1026 |
Account disabled at member's request
Join Date: Apr 2009
You are right Stig Erik, I was thinking voltages...
27th December 2011, 01:33 PM | #1027 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: Dresden
Of course, I was wrong, thanks.
The clicks are well audible however, in particular because of the HF content. The Klippel measurements for the interested
tiki Last edited by tiki; 27th December 2011 at 01:37 PM. |
27th December 2011, 08:25 PM | #1028 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jul 2004
Location: Mountain View, CA
In any case, it's DC, so the result is not SPL but a tiny amount of woofer cone excursion.
----------------------------------------- Noah |
27th December 2011, 11:42 PM | #1029 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Norway
Is there any drawbacks attaching the amp module direct to the woofer magnet? (Magnetic stray field intermodulation, fatiguing failures etc?)
If no, you may afford the very length of 5 cm Audioquest Everest |
28th December 2011, 10:55 AM | #1030 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Apr 2004
Location: BE/NL/RW/ZA
@tiki could you measure the DC offset on the PSC and let me know?
@wilbur-x I wouldn't do that. The inductor could get biased. According to an industrial customer of ours the've actually had failures caused by the amp module being to close to the magnet. The amp module at the time wasn't ours but I see no overriding reason why ours shouldn't suffer as well.
There's a time for everything, and this is not it. |
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View Poll Results: What is your Playbook's maximum wireless connection rate?
- Voters
- 142. You may not vote on this poll
24 Mb/s on 2.4 GHz G-only
29 20.42% -
11 Mb/s on 2.4 GHz G/N Mixed
68 47.89% -
24 Mb/s on 5 GHz N
19 13.38% -
11Mb/s on 5 GHz N
7 4.93% -
Other (provide screenshot)
19 13.38%
is this something that os2.0 is going to fix ???
I'm soooooooo happy with my new gadget....
this thing is sooooooooo fast.
I'm loving it!!�The true victory of Nichiren Buddhism is found in transforming misunderstanding into understanding, conflict into trust, and division into unity through the power of the Mystic Law.� ~ Daisaku Ikeda, SGI-USA President
My speedtest number between my pc (direct connection) vs pb is from 0.5-1.0 mb difference being a couple rooms away from router. Upload is about .1 mb difference.
The value the playbook shows, isn't that just a calculation based on the profile you have vs. the signal strength? - 05-26-2012, 08:52 PM #56
I just put in a wireless N router in addition to my G router, and i get 65Mbps on my playbook while on the N router, and 54Mbps on the G router.
I was actually a little dissapointed in only getting 65Mbps on 2.4Ghz N until i read this thread.
Is 65Mbps the best the playbook can do?
Max speed quoted by my 2.4Ghz N router is 300Mbps, so I guess the playbook is the weak point. -
So, in theory, the PB is capable of crunching 65mbps, which should equal to 8MB/s.
I don't get more than 2.5MB/s at close range with my cheapo 300Mbps N router.
Anybody got more than that? Quick test: transfer a more or less large file from a windows/mac wired to your router using gigabit. - 11-17-2012, 06:12 PM #61
I had a LOT of problems with mine (dual band 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless N router [D-Link 825N]) until I changed something called Channel Width.
I changed it from 20/40MHz and even 40MHz (alone) TO 20 MHz. As soon as I did that, my problems disappeared. The Playbook would then connect at 65 Mbps wireless N.
All my other computers on my network would work too at N speeds (all over 65 Mbps though, one took a speed hit from 144 Mbps to 65 Mbps). One other remained at 144 Mbps. It depends on the machine.
My settings are:
WPA2, AES, Wireless G/N only and Channel Width to 20 MHz did it for me. All other default settings (ome say messing with WMM or Short GI helps. It actually caused me more problems than not. Mine were left enabled and no other settings modified.)
Here's my findings in detail over on the BB Support Forums (find my username on page 3) WLAN Problem since 18.104.22.1688 - Page 3 - BlackBerry Support Community Forums
Attachment 125770 - 11-18-2012, 07:26 PM #62
I am a bit puzzled by this thread.
I have a router that can be set to b/g/n or all. But we have one laptop that does not have n capability, so I have it set it at b/g. This means that I have a max theoretical data transfer rate of 54Mbps between my computer and the router (That is the G spec). This is also what my Playbook reports - the theoretical rate between the Playbook and the router - nothing to do with actual rate.
Our HS cable internet connection has a max speed of 14 Mbps. (In fact I recently downgraded it to 8Mbps because we don't have need for high speed downloads of movies, torrents etc.). That is the best we could get and is set by the ISP. Speed tests will get these rates, but in real world, rates are lower.
So basically, the data transfer rate the Playbook reports is kind of meaningless. Or at best theoretical. We can't go that fast anyway. A bit like buying a Lamborghini with a governor that limits speed to 70mph! Having an "n" capable connection is only useful if you have a data connection from your ISP that can exceed the capabilities of a "G" Computer to router link. Not many home users would have that!
My data - Playbook reports 54Mbps connection, Speedtest reports 8.3Mbps (the limit imposed by our IPS for the package we have). Actual connections ????Last edited by Kwela123; 11-19-2012 at 09:59 AM.
Since i don't plan to post identifiable info, and my PB doesn't have editing software, you'll have to trust me when I say that I am connected at 65Mbps to my Cisco E3000.
your problems are all probably caused by interference emanating from the FBI surveillance van.
If you need anymore evidence, just check post #59 above, posted by MKelly. Check out his SSID. I mean come on man really???????Patrick from Calgary
Z30 STA100-5, OS version 10.3.1.2072
PB 64 GB, OS version 188.8.131.527 - 11-19-2012, 01:04 AM #65
One thing is the speed rate reported by the playbook, another is the actual data rate you get while doing data transfers.
Speedtest.com depends on your ISP.
What I am trying to check with you guys is the transfer rate you get inside your wi-lan.
Somebody reported 32mbps, that would give him about 4 megabytes per second, and it could be the fastest speed reported here. -


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By coincidence, only a few days before I wrote my most recent blog post on use of evidence to improve outcomes in emergency rooms after the Boston Marathon bombings and to reduce binge drinking at Dartmouth College, a memo came out from OMB Director Sylvia Mathews Burwell and three others in the White House about next steps in the evidence and innovation agenda. (Raise your hand if you didn't know there was an evidence agenda.)
Regardless of whether the "evidence agenda" in the White House is well-known, this memo is good news, in two respects. First, evidence is a good thing to help us make decisions. This statement is not necessarily as uncontroversial as it might sound. In political debates, Republicans have often been averse to evidence about phenomena in the natural world (climate change or evolution), while Democrats have often been averse to evidence about government programs, out of a worry that gathering evidence might show a lack of impact.
There is a second piece of good news in the memo as well. Traditionally, those promoting the use of evidence in government have often insisted somewhat dogmatically on what are often very expensive, long-duration, hard-to-execute randomized controlled trials to test the impact of government programs. (In such a trial, program results for people who are randomly assigned to receive a certain government intervention are compared with those who do not. In another form, people who planned to participate but didn't are compared with those who planned to participate and did.)
The new memo, though it still seems to assign special status to such forms of evidence, also notes that companies are increasingly using "quick experiments" that in a fast and inexpensive way test much smaller interventions – the classic example would be different wordings on websites or in letters to people to see which produce a better response. These are particularly suitable for management interventions in workplace practices. They use the same principle of random assignment, but at less cost and time.
But econometric analyses, which use existing data rather than organizing new experiments, can also provide valuable evidence, though they are subject to more methodological worries than random experiments and hence their results are more subject to debate among researchers. Even the kinds of benchmarking studies used by organizations can be helpful, though often a smaller sample size and difficulty in drawing good conclusions about what makes one unit a good performer and another a bad one make conclusions from benchmarking more uncertain.
People who don't like the conclusions that evidence-based studies reach often prefer to shoot the messenger. Yes, there are poorly designed studies sponsored by advocates, intended to produce an outcome favorable to the product or idea being promoted. Yes, there are often disagreements even among scholars about conclusions from studies, though these occur less often with experimental studies, whether random controlled trials or quick experiments. Yes, sometimes it is hard to gather data. And of course there are still values questions left in policy and management choices – is a program with a small impact for a fairly large cost worth it or not?
But surely using data to help inform these decisions is better than the alternatives, which dominate our political and governmental choices. So the OMB memo is to be welcomed.
Posted on Aug 02, 2013 at 1:47 PM
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The new chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee extends an olive branch to the minority, but keeps subpoena power for himself.
FCW investigated efforts by the departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to improve a joint data repository on military and veteran suicides. Something as impersonal and mundane as incomplete datasets could be exacerbating a national tragedy.
Despite delays, the program is at a critical point for determining the ultimate impact of cloud technology in the government space.
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The National Information Exchange Model's usefulness extends far beyond its origins in justice and law enforcement.
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ONC will focus more on data interoperability and the use of health IT to improve patient outcomes.
The fly in the 'evidence' ointment is that thsi view tends to drive policy in directions that are most easily measured. Example: It is easy to measure how kids retain facts; it is much harder to measure more complex intellectual tasks. The 'evidence' theme thus drives us to making those kids fact-retainers rather than thinkers. Many of the most important aspects of intelligent govt. policy involves things we don't know how to measure very well.
Thanks for this comment on pilots. This difference between quick experiments and pilots is that quick experiments have a control group (untreated or different treatment), while pilots usually don't. So you can compare two different kinds of message formats, or compare one group exposed to something and another group that isn't.
In the R&D world, this is called conducting a pilot.... where you quickly, cheaply, and on a small scale test an idea. If it succeeds, you adjust and conduct a larger demonstration. This applies for both airplanes, iPads, and Gmail.


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Posted by Betty+ on Jan 23, 2015 | 0 comments
When Lisa and Greg bought their home in 2010, it was only four years old, but they were already thinking about renovations, an addition, and updating the lighting. "The original house is post-and-beam, a rustic-lux style," Lisa says. "With the addition and renovations, we added huge windows to improve our view and bring in more nature. With polished concrete floors and rustic lighting, the addition is more industrial chic." The couple's home is located smack in the middle of Lake Champlain in North Hero, Vermont, where winter days can be short and cloudy. Having plenty of light options inside brightens the space and allows the family to... Read MorePosted by Betty+ on Jan 21, 2015 | 0 comments
You've come a long way baby. When schoolhouse lighting first came onto the scene back in the early 20th century, these hand-blown, glass globes were crafted to conceal bare bulbs that were the norm for lighting fixtures. These simple opaque globes instantly transformed a basic necessity into a design element that not only added a certain style to a space, but cut down on the harsh glare of a bare bulb. Schoolhouse lights were quite popular in public spaces such as government buildings, libraries, and yes, even schoolhouses. If you follow this blog, you know that Barn Light Electric has a passion for vintage lighting, and we strive to pay homage to the... Read MorePosted by Betty+ on Jan 19, 2015 | 0 comments
Elizabeth admits that living in a quaint, coastal town just north of Boston has its advantages. "Marblehead is a quintessential New England coastal town with one of the most beautiful harbors," she says. "In the summer, it is home to more than 2,000 boats." Her home is lovingly dubbed Cowgirl's Coastal Cottage, and, with two adults, two kids, and a large chocolate lab named Moses in residence, sees a lot of wet, sandy, muddy feet and paws. Elizabeth, who goes by Eli, found herself spending too much time wiping up dirty paw prints and sweeping the floor, so she knew it was time to turn her rotting back deck into a more usable, enclosed mud... Read MorePosted by Betty+ on Jan 16, 2015 | 0 comments
We all fell in love with silver, didn't we? When those sleek, high-tech-looking finishes took over the design world, they pervaded every room of our house from stainless steel refrigerators and nickel plumbing fixtures to chrome chandeliers. In recent years, however, another shiny metal has been sneaking back into our lives. And we're happy to say that the bold, and warmer, look of brass is back! This centuries-old metal, known for its gold-like appearance, is actually a copper and zinc alloy. It conveys a sense of luxury and timelessness that many people desire for their home. Warmer than its silver cousins, brass harkens back to a simpler time when... Read MorePosted by Betty+ on Jan 14, 2015 | 1 comment
Working from home has its perks. Absolutely. If you're a blogger or a consultant or anyone who works from a home office, you probably have people tell you all the time how lucky you are. In reality, no matter what you do, the job has its downsides. You can never really escape the office because it's always right there. Our good friend Sommer Collier, food and travel blogger on A Spicy Perspective, worked out of her home for more than four years, mostly in the kitchen but also from a small office just off the busiest room in the house. Last fall, Sommer decided a change was in order. "I loved having my office so close to the kitchen, however the... Read More


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34. Detroit, Demolition, Disneyland Detroit, Mich. / Object Orange When a collective of Detroit artists calling itself Object Orange started painting some of the city's 7,000 abandoned and dilapidated buildings bright orange, they meant to bring beauty to decay. When four of the original eleven painted houses were quickly demolished by the city, the group's endeavor turned to raising awareness about the hazardous conditions associated with blight: low morale, depressed property values, and crime. This ongoing project, dubbed Detroit, Demolition, Disneyland (the latter referring to the paint, from Behr's Disney Color series) has evolved into a call to action, with the group declaring, "These buildings aren't scenery. Don't look through them … Pick up a roller."
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Welcome to Smogon! Check out the Smogon Starters Hangout for everything you need to know about starting out in the community. Don't forget to introduce yourself in the Introduction and Hangout Thread, too!
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text:
ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) — The Minnesota Wild traded for goaltender Ilya Bryzgalov on Tuesday in conjunction with their decision to shut down ailing veteran Niklas Backstrom.
The Wild sent a fourth-round draft pick to Edmonton to complete the deal one day before the NHL trade deadline.
General manager Chuck Fletcher said the team must assume that neither Backstrom nor Josh Harding will be healthy enough to mind the net again this season. Rookie Darcy Kuemper has been stellar in their absence, but with a finishing stretch of 20 games in 37 days starting Saturday, he's not enough.
"We have a lot of work ahead of us to get where we want to get to, but clearly having two quality goaltenders was very important," Fletcher said.
Kuemper has started 15 straight games, so Bryzgalov is more for insurance, though he's certain to have his time, too. The Wild are 14-4-2 in 2014 and in firm control of the first wild-card spot in the Western Conference playoff race.
"I will do my job as best I can. Making the decisions on who is supposed to play is not my job," Bryzgalov said on a conference call. He added: "I look at this as a great opportunity for me to play, and yeah it's like a new challenge."
Backstrom has been bothered by injuries all season, most notably to his midsection that will probably prompt surgery, and the 36-year-old has a career-worst 3.02 goals-against average over 21 games. Fletcher told him Monday of their preference to hold him out until training camp.
"His pain threshold is tremendous," Fletcher said. "He's a competitive guy and I know he's really disappointed because the team has taken a really strong step the last couple months. He's been through some of the lean times, and I know he wants to be a part of it but our goal for Nik is to get him healthy."
Harding was superb early in the season, but the 2013 Masterton Trophy winner — for sportsmanship, dedication and perseverance — has not played at all in 2014 due to illness related to medication for multiple sclerosis. With not much more than a month left in the regular season and Harding not yet ready to resume skating, Fletcher said he's probably finished until the fall, too.
The search for a replacement intensified in the last couple of days. Martin Brodeur and Jaroslav Halak also were potentially available via trade, but their price was far higher than what it took to nab Bryzgalov.
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Cumberland's Eisenbeis, Bentley's Gulley on Fed
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Economics Professor David Gulley and Robert Eisenbeis, chief monetary economist at Cumberland Advisors, discuss Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke's press conference and the Fed Policy announcement.
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Respond to Review of The Veggie Table
by proper or pompous?
Review: i shared a hummus plate & a pizza with a friend, and we were both satisfied. the pizza was thin crust, with what tasted like a sun-dried tomato tapenade, a layer of finely chopped onions, and a few pieces of eggplant. i was suspicious at first, because of it's appearance, but it tasted quite good. we both enjoyed the hummus as well.


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Kakashi's father was the world's greatest explorer, until his fatal final quest. Now, Kakashi is determined to follow in his father's footsteps and sets out on a big adventure of his own. From facing down a gang of thieves to protecting a magic dog from the evil imperial. Kakashi has proven himself his father's son. But now his journey will take a surprising turn!
Chapter 14: The Locomotive Town (Part Six)
Chapter 15: The Fearsome Witch
Chapter 16: The Man With The Rings (Part One)
Chapter 17: The Man With The Rings (Part Two)
Chapter 18: The Man In The Red Bandanna
Chapter 19: Father's Picture, Kakashi's Decision
Chapter 20: Dorothy Meets The Master
Chapter 21: Master Kenbi Sow's Secret
Chapter 22: The Rank Test Begins
User | Attack |
Major Wads | Thousand Slice |
Kakashi | Dog Punch Remake: Dog Cannon Remake: Dog Shield |
Corporal Chopin | Gorgon First Movement: Staff Squall Second Movement: Wild Dance Third Movement: Death Forest |
Red | Yuan Toulun Yuan Yanshi Yuan Zhang |
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Added by: | Destinyheroknight |
Date Added: | July 19, 2012 |


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Nov 29, 2013 6:26 PM by Katherine Worsham, KSBY News
Crews will begin making repairs on Stowell Road in Santa Maria on Monday.
The work includes pulverizing the existing roadway surface and the installing a new asphalt surface.
The first section of work will be done between College Drive and Miller Street. There will be just one lane in each direction.
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Thank you! KSBY.com
5 hours ago


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This week, Grey's Anatomy is celebrating an impressive milestone. With this episode, one Ms. Lauren S will have written 146 recaps of the show. And so in honor of that, they are throwing a party…what's that? You think this big, flashy hour is celebrating Grey's 200th episode? That's more of a milestone, you say? Oh fine, whatever. Mere and Derek get all dolled up while Mere reminds us that surgery expensive and sometimes you've got to go raise some more dough. She then starts to quote The Muppet Show to remind us that her mind these days is filled with kid stuff, and it's starting to make her a bit crazy. They get ready to leave but first she has to help Zola get her shoes on since Zola won't do it for Derek.
Avery and Owen arrive at the party venue and Owen frets over the spotlights and red carpet, since the whole point is that they don't have money to spend so they are trying to get more. Avery assures Owen that he knows this world and that they need to charm serious people with serious money so this night will be sophisticated and conservative. When they walk in, however, they are both stunned to see a full, over-the-top, glamorous circus theme. Jackson immediately goes and grabs the party planner, who is in a yellow dress that looks like Tweety Bird decided to create his own interpretation of Michelle William's famous Oscar dress, to demand to know what she did. This is as if any organization (especially the Harper Avery Foundation, where Jackson presumably learned so much about this world) would ever throw a seriously high-level gala such as this and then leave it all to the party planner without seeing a single design plan or budget and then would only get to the venue as it was starting, with guests already in attendance. I guarantee that, like suggesting dating other people, this is not something that happens anywhere other than the teevee. Tweety, for her part, isn't troubled by his reaction at all and just says that hospitals make people think of death and disease, whereas this party should be sexy and fun and make them open their wallets. Jackson seems like he still doubts her a little bit.
Mere has stopped in at the hospital to check on Richard, and Bailey sounds desperate as she explains that he's basically wasting away and yet he refuses to do anything to help himself. Mere suggests that maybe they let him waste for a while, and Bailey gets all mad at her, assuming she's offended about what he said last week. The thing is, Mere heard every awful thing in the world from her mother, so she's pretty much offense-proof at this point but she suggests that Richard might need to hit rock bottom before coming back. She then leaves to go raise some funds; Bailey seems to think that Mere's ideas are all ridiculous and instead she orders some new treatment for Richard. I'm not sure what it is, but the nurse points out that Richard is going to hate it, about which Bailey gives exactly zero shits.


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Volvo High Mileage Club & Badge History
By: George Levy
Member of VCOA & Swedespeed.
Original owner of a 400,000+ mile 1999 S70.
Photos (near right to far right):
George's Grille and Badges (February 2009)
George's 400,000 mile odometer milestone (March 24, 2009)
April 24, 2009 Update:
We have been notified that the first and second series of badges (as labeled in this article) are in reversed order (thanks goes to the 1800List!). We will correct this shortly. We have also received new updated information about the beginnings of the Volvo High Mileage Club (from Irv Gordon!) and will also be adding this to the article, so stay tuned!
And, if you have any information or images to add, please also let us know.
September 21, 2013 Updates:
1. Irv Gordon reached the 3 million mile milestone in his 1966 1800S on Wednesday, September 18, 2013 in Alaska!
Read the entire Volvo Car Group Press Release here:
Volvo website: 3 Million Reasons to Believe:
Congratulations Irv, on reaching such a phenomenal milestone!
We hope you continue to enjoy the journey!
2. The changes as noted in the 2009 update above still need to be made. We hope to work on this in the near future.
In addition, we will work on adding the current line of Volvo Heritage Club information.
In the meantime, here is the link to join:
1927 OV4 Assembly in Lundby Plant. Photo by Volvo.
In the beginning…
Back when Volvo started to produce cars in 1927, very few people would have thought of an automobile being able to travel over 100,000 miles. Roads were poor. Gasoline was, relative to income, expensive. Mechanical reliability was relatively low. And, despite the marketing success of cars such as the Ford Model T, the automobile was not nearly as ubiquitous as it is today. Besides, at that time, people generally had no need to travel long distances for work, or to see family and friends.
This began to change after World War II. The US Interstate Highway System was started in 1955, making long car trips much more possible than before. Gasoline remained relatively cheap. Automotive mechanical reliability improved, partly as a function of better road quality. Networks of motels and chain restaurants throughout the United States meant that long road trips were now easily possible.
<--Detour--> United States Interstate Highway System
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But was the automobile up to the challenge of long mileage, particularly those cars from before World War II that were still on the road? Driving a car to high mileage over 100,000 miles was very unusual. Odometers generally turned back to zero after 99,999.9 miles – further testimony to automobile designers' belief that a car reaching the 100,000 mile level would be a rarity.
The 1950s saw an unprecedented economic boom in the United States, accompanied by a correspondingly large, unprecedented upsurge in leisure time, a huge increase in the number of vehicles on the road, and the replacement of many pre-World War II cars with ones that were newer and, potentially, more reliable. According to the US Department of Energy, the average annual vehicle-miles driven per capita in the US just about doubled in the two decades of the 1950s and 1960s, from about 3,000 to over 6,000 by 1972.
Against this backdrop, Volvo began importing cars into the United States in 1955.
And, also against this backdrop, the idea of automobile manufacturers recognizing their cars' longevity was born.
Before the 1960s, there were, indeed, cars that traveled over 100,000 miles. However, even in the 1950s, with the average person driving a car 3,000 miles annually, such a feat would have taken over 30 years to accomplish, and while this was not impossible, it must have been extremely rare. Remember, too that the 30-year old car of the 1950s was manufactured in the 1920s, and not many survived.
However, by the late 1960s, the time needed to reach 100,000 miles was, on average, cut in half, and more vehicles, especially ones produced after World
wishing to tout their vehicles' reliability records, decided to create high-mileage
1956 PV444 in San Francisco, CA. Photo by Volvo.
awards that could be affixed to a car's radiator grille, or, in European fashion, to a badge bar in front of the car's front bumper.
In this manner, both driver and vehicle could be rewarded for excellence in automotive maintenance and longevity – and the car maker, of course, would receive the free advertising that such awards would provide.
The two manufacturers were Daimler-Benz and Volvo.
First Series of Volvo High Mileage Badges
It seems that Volvo's earliest attempts at a high mileage award revolved strictly around the achievement of 100,000 miles – no small feat in the 1960s or early 1970s, given that the car would have been from decades earlier. Here is a picture of the emblem that one would have received at that time. Note the similarity of the letter V to the "V" of 120 and 140 series hubcaps.
Photo by Ben Buja
[Note: These badges are no longer given out by the Volvo High Mileage Club program. If you would like one of this series of badges, you will need to purchase one on one of the
Volvo Forums
, on ebay, etc.]
Although there seems to be little documentation about this series of badges, it also seems apparent that, were one to achieve any higher multiple of 100,000 miles, one would merely have received another, identical badge.
Second Series of Volvo High Mileage Badges
Sometime, perhaps in the early 1980s, Volvo changed their badge series to more colorful emblems. More Volvos were reaching the 100,000 mile level and, perhaps, Volvo sensed the marketing opportunity this gave, provided that their badges were noticed.
This group is often thought of as the first true "high mileage badge series," although it seems, again, that multiple 100,000 mile badges were awarded for higher mileage multiples when the series was first introduced.
Photo by Jon Manji
[Note: These badges are no longer given out by the Volvo High Mileage Club program. If you would like one of this series of badges, you will need to purchase one on one of the
Volvo Forums
, on ebay, etc.]
Later, perhaps to match Mercedes-Benz in having distinctively colored awards for different mileage levels, Volvo added other badges to this series, so that, by the late 1980s, there were awards for 100,000, 250,000, 500,000, 750,000 and 1,000,000 miles. They also introduced a "50,000 mile Service Bar" to denote mileage between those for which badges were awarded. This service bar is very likely the smallest mileage increment of any car manufacturer's awards – 50,000 miles is well short of 100,000 kilometers, which is the smallest award for any other current high mileage car award.
Photo by Jon Manji
As an example of how this service bar was displayed, a car with 200,000 miles would display a 100,000 mile badge, plus two 50,000 mile service bars.
Then, upon reaching, 250,000 miles, the badges and bars would be removed, and replaced by one 250,000 award – and the 50,000 mile service bars could be reused as the car accumulated additional mileage.
Graphic created using mileage badge photos by Ben Buja and mileage service bar photo by Jon Manji
It is interesting to note that, according to late series' brochures from around 1990, even Volvo apparently never expected someone to actually achieve the million mile level, until Irv Gordon accomplished this in 1987.
Certificate commemorating 100,000 miles.
Photo by Swedish Embassy Volvo Enthusiast web site.
Promotional Flyer autographed by Irv Gordon.
Irv reached the One Million Mile Mark on October 27, 1987.
Photo by Swedish Embassy Volvo Enthusiast web site.
It seems that badges were awarded to owners by Volvo dealers, upon showing proof of mileage.
Third Series of Volvo High Mileage Badges
As a greater number of vehicles reached 100,000 miles and well beyond, Volvo changed their high mileage badge program in the mid-1990s, abolishing the 50,000 mile service bar, and, instead, issuing a colored badge for each 100,000 mile increment to a million miles, plus a special 2,000,000 mile badge that was awarded to Irv Gordon when he achieved that lofty level in 2002.
Photo by Volvo
Photo by Ben Buja
Color variation in the 100,000 mile badges
[Note: These badges are no longer given out by the Volvo High Mileage Club program. If you would like one of this series of badges, you will need to purchase one on one of the
Volvo Forums
, on ebay, etc.]
The Complete Third Series with Irv Gordon and his Two Million Mile Badge
Badge montage by Jan Nystrom, Irv Gordon photo by unknown, Two million mile badge photo by Corvair Owner (flickr username).
To see the original High Mileage Club article:
Irv Gordon Hits Four Million Kilometers, see the March/April 2007 Issue of Rolling Magazine, Vol. 25, No. 2, pages 10-11.
To watch a video of Irv Gordon's One Million and Two Million Mile Milestones, click here:
Direct video link (72MB, 4 minutes, .mpg format):
If that link doesn't work, here is a link to the original on the Swedish P1800 web site:
Vic Dres' High Mileage Club Badge Display on his 1988 740. Photos by unknown.
To read more about Vic Dres and his Volvo, see the November/December 2005 Issue of Rolling Magazine, Vol.23, No. 6, pages 26-27.
This series of badges was awarded through Volvo's Customer Care telephone hotline, though some dealers took owners' information.
Third Series High Mileage Club Application Form Front (Top) and Back (Bottom). Photos by George Levy.
Click images to see a larger image in a new tab or window.
The badge came in a folding envelope that extolled the virtues of your achievement.
Third Series Medal Folding Envelope. Photos by blogger Roadflow.
Badges for 600,000 miles and above required the car owner to provide proof of mileage, but awards through 500,000 miles were available for the asking. This has created a large supply of badges in a secondary market, and, despite being discontinued since the end of 2006, they are still readily available for a price.
Fourth Series of Volvo High Mileage Badges
The third series was discontinued in December 2006, most likely due to their cost to Volvo, and replaced by a window decal and a certificate, both denoting the mileage level of the award.
Current High Mileage Club 100,000 mile Decal
To register for your free High Mileage Club Decal:
Alternate link (Volvo Community- Share Your Story):
High Mileage Club Award Folder: Front (Left), Inside Letter and Decal (Right top), Inside Personalized Certificate (Right bottom).
Click images to see a larger image in a new tab or window.
For the first time in decades, Volvo no longer issued high mileage badges, the display of which had become part of acknowledging the pleasure of driving so many miles.
However, as Volvo was discontinuing their badge program, other luxury carmakers besides Daimler-Benz had now instituted them. And Daimler's program now included a certificate of manufacture, complete with a wooden presentation case, for their high mileage club members.
Perhaps not wanting to be left out of the high mileage club arena, Volvo unveiled a new series of high mileage badges in the summer of 2008.
Unlike the previous series of badges, all badges in this group are identical, but for the mileage.
Current Collectible High Mileage Metal Badge
They are available in 100,000 mile increments from 100,000 - 1,000,000 miles. Price = $16.00 per badge + Shipping
http://www.collection.volvocars.us/Products/ProductList.aspx?SectionId=50000272&OpenId=50000250-- Currently under construction.
Alternate Volvo Collection link:
Alternate link suggested by the Swedespeed Forums:
Home Page:
100,000 mile badge (
Item #CMG20997
Similarity of badge appearance, however, was not the only characteristic distinguishing this series of badges from all the previous ones.
For the first time, badges now have to be purchased, and are currently available only on Volvo's website, where they are offered as a "collector's item." And, whereas previous series required submission of a Volvo VIN (often, though not always, by a dealer), these badges are offered to the general public, without proof of Volvo ownership or car mileage.
Decals and certificates are still available, either through Volvo's website or the Customer Care hotline, for free. And, as with the former badge series, proof of mileage is required for any certificate award above 500,000 miles.
Fourth Series High Mileage Club Decal Brochure: Front (Left), Back (Right).
Photos by George Levy.
Click images to see a larger image in a new tab or window.
Other Volvo High Mileage Awards
No section about Volvo high mileage awards would be complete without mention of badges awarded by the Volvo Owners Club of the United Kingdom. The VOC, in conjunction with Volvo U.K., maintains two high mileage Volvo rosters. Entry to each is available to anyone throughout the world.
One list is "unofficial" and anyone can enter a Volvo on that list, without proof of mileage.
The second list is their "official" roster, and all entrants must provide proof of car mileage – for example, an odometer photograph, or a scan of a recent maintenance or annual inspection invoice.
Upon acceptance onto this "official" list, one can then purchase a high mileage badge directly from the Volvo Owners Club. One does not have to be a member of the VOC, nor be in the United Kingdom, to purchase a badge.
Unlike awards from Volvo, these are currently available at only three mileage levels – 150,000 (bronze), 300,000 (silver) and 500,000 (gold). The Olympic color theme was most likely the result of these badges being introduced in January 2006, just before that year's Winter Games.
Current Badge Levels from the Volvo Owner's Club UK
If you have any additional information and/or images to share that you would like to add to this article, please let me know:
Click here to e-mail the webmaster
To share your thoughts about this article-- please visit our forum:
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I was looking for something like MUFE Sens'Eyes but with fewer irritants. This is less irritating but it doesn't remove anything. I have better luck using my cleanser which also removes nothing from my eyes. No reason to spend another 18 dollars.
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Stung my eyes...I think the most gentle out of all the Clinique Eye Makeup removers is the blue one, whose name escapes me at the moment. The purple one does the best job but also stung my eyes a bit.
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Really like this stuff. Gentle yet takes my makeup off every time. Never have to use twice. A little pricey but it does last a long time.


text:
World Bank Operations Evaluation DepartmentOverview
Most widely held works about
World Bank
Most widely held works by
World Bank
Nongovernmental organizations in World Bank-supported projects a review
by Christopher J. N Gibbs
8 editions published between 1998 and 1999 in English and Undetermined and held by 1,110 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Annotation
Bangladesh progress through partnership : country assistance review
by Roger J Robinson
10 editions published in 1999 in English and held by 1,055 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Uganda post-conflict reconstruction : country case evaluation
by Alcira Kreimer
10 editions published in 2000 in English and held by 963 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Annotation
Philippines: from crisis to opportunity Country assistance review
by Gianni Zanini
5 editions published in 1999 in English and Undetermined and held by 915 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Annotation
Brazil Forests in the Balance: Challenges of Conservation with Development
by Uma J Lele
7 editions published in 2000 in English and held by 912 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Annotation
The World Bank's experience with post-conflict reconstruction
by World Bank
5 editions published in 1998 in English and held by 839 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
El Salvador post-conflict reconstruction : country case evaluation
by John R Eriksson
12 editions published in 2000 in English and held by 833 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Annotation
Reforming agriculture the World Bank goes to market
by Jacob Meerman
9 editions published in 1997 in English and held by 830 WorldCat member libraries worldwide This report evaluates the World Bank's experience with the fifty agricultural adjustment operations (agsecals) approved by the Board since 1979 and reflects the impact of Bank programming of a world wide shift in the development paradigm. The report looks at theory and impact, focusing on supply response, and finds that supply response is symmetrical, synergistic, and depends on the reform credibility. The report finds unfinished business in the areas of:food security, performance indicators, international input markets, domestic agricultural commodity and import markets, and the political economy of agricultural reforms. Nevertheless, best practice work in the Bank on a number of basic agricultural reforms (pricing reforms, reform of public enterprises and public expenditure programs) is satisfactory. The report gives several recommendations:a) the Bank should develop a comprehensive good practice statement; b) modification of the agsecal as a lending instrument is needed; and c) other kinds of lending should be encouraged including hybrid agsecals, policy-oriented agricultural sector investment operations and investment projects with front-loading of policy reforms related to the proposed investments
Books, buildings, and learning outcomes an impact evaluation of World Bank support to basic education in Ghana
by Howard White
7 editions published in 2004 in English and held by 776 WorldCat member libraries worldwide This book examines the impact of World Bank-supported educational reforms introduced in Ghana since 1986 and related investment projects in support of basic education. A nation-wide survey of households, schools, and teachers found that both the quantity and quality of schooling has improved over the last fifteen years. Enrolments in basic education have increased by over 10 percent compared to 15 years ago. And whereas 15 years ago nearly two-thirds of primary school graduates were illiterate, less than one in twenty are so today. These improvements in learning outcomes are clearly and strongly linked to better welfare as measured by higher income, better nutrition, and reduced mortality.; The gains in educational outputs can be directly linked to better school quality, manifested in improved infrastructure and greater availability of school supplies. Today it is the norm to have one textbook per child for math and English: rather than one per class as was common before the advent of reforms. Increased school quality can in turn be linked to the Bank's support which has financed the construction of 8,000 classroom blocks and provided 35 million textbooks over the last 15 years. Moreover Bank support helped sustain initially unpopular reforms, demonstrating the efficacy of working in partnership with a government committed to a well-defined sectoral strategy
World Bank Operations Evaluation Department the First 30 Years
by World Bank
7 editions published in 2003 in English and held by 754 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Annotation
Indonesia the Challenges of World Bank Involvement in Forests
by Madhur Gautam
6 editions published in 2000 in English and held by 701 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Promoting environmental sustainability in development an evaluation of the World Bank's performance
by Andrés Liebenthal
8 editions published in 2002 in English and held by 686 WorldCat member libraries worldwide OED's evaluation has been timed to inform the preparation of the new Environment Strategy Paper. The evaluation is based on the synthesis of self-evaluation assessments, case studies of selected countries, background reviews of selected areas, surveys and interviews of Bank staff, and consultations with stakeholders in four regions. An Advisory Panel reviewed drafts and served as a sounding board for the recommendations. A concluding Workshop on the Bank's Environment Strategy and OED's Environment Review provided an opportunity for participants to comment on the Review findings and on the draft Environment Strategy, and to discuss next steps in implementation. In addition to OED's Review, we are pleased to share with you the report of OED's Advisory Panel, and the Facilitator's Summary of the concluding workshop
Development Challenges in the 1990s Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience
by N. Roberto Zagha
3 editions published in 2005 in English and held by 662 WorldCat member libraries worldwide "Development Challenges in the 1990s: Leading Policymakers Speak from Experience brings together the insights and experiences of some of the world's leading policymakers and global thought leaders, individuals who have had substantial influence on the policy reforms and development strategies in their native countries. Sharing their unique perspectives, these "practitioners of development" explain the reasons for the uneven outcomes of the 1990s and, with the benefit of hindsight, draw relevant lessons for the future."--Jacket
1999 annual review of development effectiveness
by Nagy Hanna
3 editions published between 1990 and 2000 in English and held by 641 WorldCat member libraries worldwide The Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF), launched by the President of the World Bank in January 1999, is a response to the alarming trends of increased world poverty and dimmed growth prospects, inequality and instability, stagnant aid flows, and public dissatisfaction with the efficacy of development assistance. The CDF focuses on a holistic, broad-based approach to development assistance; domestic ownership; partnerships among government, local communities, the private sector, civil society, and development agencies; and the results achieved from development. Being too early to evaluate this initiative, the 1999 Annual Review of Development Effectiveness instead examines the lessons of development experience through the lens of these CDF principles. As in past years, the Review tracks the Bank's operational performance based on the findings of recent OED evaluations. The Review draws on extensive evaluation evidence, literature reviews and research findings, country assistance evaluations, background papers, and workshops to identify the tensions and dilemmas likely to be involved in CDF implementation. It identifies promising approaches to meeting the challenges implicit in CDF implementation. Finally, it draws broad implications for the Bank's future development effectiveness
Assessing development effectiveness evaluation in the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation
by World Bank
3 editions published in 1998 in English and held by 627 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Effective management of development requires reliable feedback about the impact of ongoing and completed operations. This is the major goal of evaluation. Learning from development experiences calls for a well focused and well structured system of operations evaluation. The World Bank's operations evaluation organization has been in existence for more than two decades. It provides comprehensive information for management decisions at all levels and supports a continuing process of performance improvement. Closely linked to the project cycle and to policy reform, evaluation in the Bank incorporates contributions from borrowers, who are the owners of the operations that the Bank finances. Operations evaluation provides insights and recommendation of value to development practitioner both within and outside the Bank
Evaluating a decade of World Bank gender policy, 1990-99
by World Bank
7 editions published in 2005 in English and held by 611 WorldCat member libraries worldwide As part of the Bank's poverty reduction mandate, the Bank's 1994 Operational Policy on Gender Dimensions of Development aimed to reduce gender disparity and increase the participation of women in the economic development of their countries. This evaluation examines the relevance and results of this policy
Economies in transition an OED evaluation of World Bank assistance
by Alice Galenson
7 editions published in 2004 in English and held by 603 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Annotation
Evaluation of World Bank Assistance to Pacific Member Countries, 1992-2002
by Operations Evaluation Dept Staff World Bank
4 editions published in 2005 in English and held by 566 WorldCat member libraries worldwide The nine Pacific Member Countries (PMCs) of the World Bank Group are Fiji Islands, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu. This evaluation covers Bank assistance to the PMCs since 1992
Capacity Building in Africa an OED Evaluation of World Bank Support
by World Bank
4 editions published in 2005 in English and held by 566 WorldCat member libraries worldwide African countries need to improve the performance of their public sectors if they are going to achieve their goals of growth, poverty reduction, and the provision of better services for their citizens. Between 1995 and 2004, the Bank provided some $9 billion in lending and close to $900 million in grants and administrative budget to support public sector capacity building in Africa. This evaluation assesses Bank support for public sector capacity building in Africa over these past 10 years. It is based on six country studies, assessments of country strategies and operations across the Region, and review of the work of the World Bank Institute, the Institutional Development Fund, and the Bank-supported African Capacity Building Foundation
Putting Social Development to Work for the Poor an OED Review of World Bank Activities
by Ronald Parker
8 editions published between 2004 and 2005 in English and held by 553 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Annotation more
Audience Level
Related Identities
Associated Subjects
Adult services in public libraries--Evaluation Africa Agricultural development projects--Evaluation Agriculture and state Asia Bangladesh Basic education--Finance Brazil Business Community development Corporate reorganizations Developing countries Economic assistance Economic assistance--Evaluation Economic development--Environmental aspects Economic development projects Economic development projects--Evaluation Economic development projects--Finance--Evaluation Economic development--Social aspects Economic history Economic policy Educational assistance--Evaluation Educational evaluation Electronic commerce El Salvador Environmental policy Europe Financial literacy Forest conservation Forest management Forests and forestry--Economic aspects Ghana Globalization Indonesia Infrastructure (Economics) International Finance Corporation Loans, Foreign Non-governmental organizations Oceania Philippines Political science Public administration Rural development Sustainable development Technical assistance--Evaluation Uganda Women in development Women in economic development World Bank World Bank.--Operations Evaluation Department
Alternative Names
World Bank. Independent Evaluation Group World Bank. Operations Evaluation Division Département de l'évaluation rétrospective des opérations.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Operations Evaluation Department.
Operations Evaluation Department.
World Bank. Département de l'évaluation rétrospective des opérations.
World Bank. Département de l'évaluation rétrospective des opérations
World Bank. Operations Evaluation Department.
World Bank. Operations Evaluation Dept.


text:
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Take a package of ramen noodles. Boil as usual, add the flavor packet and (to your discretion) one tablespoon of soy sauce, two tablespoons of peanut butter and two teaspoons ...
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Shamrock Gift card sleeve in red color is made from high quality material. Sleeve measuring 7" x 3" is perfect to present cards for birthdays, anniversaries or thank yous.
Simple Design
This gift card sleeve features a simple design in bright red. It's easy to decorate with stickers, ribbons, or bows to create the custom look you want to give your recipient.
Perfect Size for Gift Cards
At 7 inches by 3 inches, this gift card sleeve easily holds gift cards of virtually any size. The pillow-box design even offers a little extra space, so you can include a tiny trinket or a personal note as well.
Great for Any Occasion
Gift cards make great presents throughout the year for birthdays, anniversaries, or thank yous. Thanks to this sleeve's single-color design, you can use it to dress up a gift card for any occasion.
Bag Message | Blank |
Box & Bag Handle Type | No Handle |
Box & Bag Pattern | Solid |
Color Family | Red |
Box & Bag Type | Gift Boxes |
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