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Parent Testimonials Product Reviews From Homeschool Parents
Parent Testimonials
Product Reviews From Homeschool Parents
"I wanted to pass on to you and Debbie that my son CLEP tested out of his [freshman] composition course at Masters [College]! He has shared with me several times that WriteShop was hard work, but it was worth every minute of labor." ---Kathy, California "You have put together an outstanding product! I can't thank you enough for your sacrificial efforts. I have been teaching my children at home for 14 years and have never found a writing program as well thought out and all-inclusive as yours. My students appreciate it also." ---Lisa, Washington "As for writing, I think my favorite is Write Shop - from brainstorming to final draft, [it offers] tools to help you teach and evaluate with confidence. [It's] packed with ideas, prewriting activities, thorough explanations, as well as samples. What I really like is that it focuses on using precise vocabulary, sentence variety, clarity, while offering a solid writing foundation in incremental lessons." ---Joan, California "My children are using your program this year and I must tell you how impressed my husband and I have been with their progress! We were especially surprised at how our son's vocabulary and writing skills have improved. The changes began to appear after the very first section! We have been searching for a writing program that was 'home school friendly,' and after trying many different programs we have found yours to be the best." --- Sue, California "We love the program. I find it easy to use and extremely helpful. Although I have a strong background in language arts, I have always found it difficult to teach writing in an orderly, systematic way. WriteShop = problem solved!" ---Susan, Washington "I am ever so pleased with WriteShop. My eighth grader, who was lukewarm about writing and really didn't write too well, is blossoming." ---Sheri, Florida "We are absolutely thrilled with WriteShop!!" ---Nicola, Alberta, Canada "Finally, a writing program that truly works. This is so thorough and easy for me to teach. My daughter has learned so much!!! ---Mary, Nebraska "I love your program so much! I am currently using it with my BRIGHT 6th grader. We see so much improvement already, and I have only used it for two weeks!!! During the past four years of homeschooling, we have tried MANY, MANY other writing programs. Honestly, it was the price that made me wait this long, but you know what they say....YOU GET WHAT YOU PAY FOR!!!!" ---Elaine, Florida "...My daughters *love* WriteShop." ---Kim, Kentucky "My biggest delight in any curriculum is to find mom-friendly guides and also objective forms of evaluation. WriteShop has both. Because you have designed it so well, I can use the format with all three children I homeschool. It covers most learning styles." ---Nancy, Michigan "I am positively drooling over the curriculum. I've been homeschooling for 14 years, and this seems to exemplify the best combination of well-thought out lesson plans, integration of new material, and interesting and fun exercises for a writing curriculum that I've seen." ---Jackie, Florida "One of my sisters uses [WriteShop] with her high schooler and is seeing fabulous results." ---BethAnn, Iowa "I know that using WriteShop has helped me become a better teacher, and my son's writing has improved a lot this year." ---Martha, New Mexico "I can't think of another program that [offers] such wonderful 'support.'" ---Susie, Florida "My favorite thing about the whole program is that there is a section in the TM that deals with common mistakes and the correction of those. It helps me to better evaluate the writing and look for those things that I can't quite lay my finger on to describe to [my children] why something feels awkward." ---Shawn, Texas "By the way, we are having fun with this curriculum. You know how boys are---they mumble about having to write but keep saying 'this is fun'!" --Barbara, Mississippi "I have a 7th grade son who is a superb reader, is outstanding in the fields of mathematics and science, but REFUSED to write even a basic sentence. We tried almost EVERY program out there and he balked at pretty much all of them, except WriteShop. I think it is due to WriteShop being so FAR away in appearances from the dreaded fill in the blank worksheet. Also [he has] some say as to what object or topic he wishes to write about. This truly has made a substantial difference in his attitude towards writing ." ---Carmen (from the Internet) "There is no perfect writing program, that's for sure. But for a mom who's insecure about her role in teaching or grading this subject, WriteShop does a splendid job. You can tell these are home school moms who know what other home school moms need!" ---Joanne, Texas "I would say that if you are having trouble teaching writing, or if your student doesn't take naturally to writing then WriteShop is your best bet." ---Elizabeth, Tennessee "Quality in every lesson gives this program a push above so many others out there. I really appreciate the Skill Builders that teach what will be expected in the composition. It's this 'learn, practice, use' approach that brings out the quality." ---Nancy S., Michigan "It is like all my favorite writing programs rolled into one, yet goes even further. It is truly a COMPLETE writing program that I plan on sticking with!" ---Jill (from the Internet) "We used WriteShop I for 10th and 11th grades and LOVED it. It does a great job at breaking down the steps of building paragraphs…. I have sons [who] are not big fans of writing and this worked really well with them. It really sets a good foundation on which to build and it's easy to follow." ---Sharon (from the Internet) "I am loving . . . WriteShop. We have had a very successful year---wish you could read some of Andrew's stuff (6th grade)…it's great!! Thanks for a user friendly, very educational system!" ---Sue, California "I've looked at writing programs every year at our convention and never bought one. This year I finally bought WriteShop…. I like [that] there's enough flexibility in writing topics that we can fit it into what we're studying in history or science." ---Cathy, Pennsylvania "Thank you very much for creating Write Shop! It has been a pleasure to teach this curriculum and the results are phenomenal. Our son went from hating writing to asking for more!" ---Heily, California "I love WriteShop. I used to feel so inadequate teaching writing but now I am confident they are learning all the tools they will need for High School level writing." ---Heather, Montana "You provide such thorough support online…; it is reassuring to know we'll be lifted when stumbling." ---Claudia, Texas "I have been teaching for going on 20 years and have seen and tried just about everything, but I have never found a writing course as comprehensive in its instruction and support system, as student-savvy as well as student-friendly, and as empathetic with us moms in providing everything we could possibly need to teach this difficult subject . . . My son and I are both sooooo grateful for WriteShop!" ---Catherine, Wisconsin
WriteShop Home | Search WriteShop.com | Site Map | Articles | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Webmaster


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Texas Chainsaw Massacre Leatherface Teeth Set
Our SKU Number : RC987
Compared to retail price: $9.99
Theme(s): Horror, Zombies & Undead
Compared to retail price: $9.99
- Brand new Fantastic quality Horror Leatherface Prosthetic Teeth!
- Great accessory for any Adult Horror Leatherface costume!
- This posting includes: 1 pair of Leatherface teeth as featured
- Please note that only the items listed above are included.
- Size information: Standard Size
- Brand new and directly from Rubies Costume Co!
Theme(s): Horror, Zombies & Undead
Price: $3.99
These Texas Chainsaw Massacre Leatherface rotten teeth sets are a great finishing touch for Leatherface costumes, but also great for zombies, lepers and 1000s of other themes! Made of soft vinyl these are designed to snugly fit over your teeth for a realistic effect. Great on their own, and even better with the other costumes and accessories in our store!

subset: commoncrawl


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OKLAHOMA CITY – Saxum, an integrated communications firm offering public relations, marketing, creative and social media services, recently announced the promotion of Lindsay Laird to account director in the agency's Oklahoma City office. In her new position,
Laird oversees a team of public relations professionals, provides strategic counsel and ensures clients receive high-quality, integrated communications that meet their goals. She has worked at Saxum since 2006 and previously served as account supervisor.
She is a graduate of Leadership Oklahoma City's Linking OKC's Young Adult Leaders (LOYAL) Class IV and served on the Greater Grads Summer Internship Program committee, which aims to build Oklahoma City's talent base by connecting Oklahoma graduates with employers in the Oklahoma City area. Laird is also membership co-chair of PRSA-OKC and is a volunteer for the Central Oklahoma Humane Society.
Laird graduated magna cum laude from the University of Central Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in journalism/public relations.
Saxum has quickly become one of the fastest-growing integrated communications firms in the region, with offices in Oklahoma City and Tulsa. Posting double-digit annual growth from more than 10 to nearly 70 percent each year since its inception in 2003, the firm has been ranked the past two years in the list of the top 100 independent public relations firms in the U.S. by O'Dwyer's PR Services Report.
The agency has been named to the Metro 50 as one of the fastest-growing companies in the Oklahoma City metro area for the past five years and is a member of IPREX, one of the world's largest public relations networks. Saxum serves clients in Oklahoma and across the country.
Lindsay Laird


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Third Millennium Bible (TMB) | New International Version (NIV) |
12 Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of His hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales and the hills in a balance? | 12 Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, or with the breadth of his hand marked off the heavens? Who has held the dust of the earth in a basket, or weighed the mountains on the scales and the hills in a balance? |
Third Millennium Bible (TMB), New Authorized Version, Copyright 1998 by Deuel Enterprises, Inc., Gary, SD 57237. All rights reserved. (Third Millennium Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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Harry Potter has taken on all manner of monsters and magicians, but his latest enemy is a gang of graffiti taggers, the aptly named Slobs. That's the name found sprayed on the side of the real-life train that appears in the ''Potter'' movies as the Hogwarts Express. According to England's The Sun tabloid, the vandalizing Muggles covered entire sides of two carriages with silver and green paint on Wednesday night while the famous steam engine was parked in a railyard. The taggers were spotted before they could finish the job and dispersed without getting caught. Said one railway worker: ''It's just a shame Harry is not around at the moment to turn them into frogs.''
When it's not stopping at the imaginary Platform 9 3/4 at London's Kings Cross station to whisk the student wizards off to school, the steam engine has a day job, shuttling summer tourists between York and the seaside resort of Scarborough. The vandalism, which will cost an estimated $5,000 to clean up, ''is heartbreaking and has made me and the rest of the staff very angry,'' said James Shuttleworth, of the West Coast Railway Company, which operates the train. ''The people who did this are mindless toerags. This will horrify the millions of Harry Potter fans.'' We don't know what ''mindless toerags'' means, but it sounds like a curse worthy of an angry wizard.


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Gear Review
Gotta figure out how to wear this thing 'cuz it's chill
Sweet looking vest. As far as the fit (m), I'm 6'0 ~180 lbs. and it's... form-fitting with a button down shirt and tie. It might be a little short but I'm not really sure how a vest is supposed to fit, I'm confident enough in it to wear it without a coat. I also tried the large, in black, and wasn't really crazy about the way it fit me, not form-fitting enough for my build. I like snug fits. I bought it for work in a restaurant, but then I quit. I'm hoping to find a few ways to wear it as it is too late to return now. Without the suit you have to be creative with ways to wear this thing to avoid a fashion faux-pas (if you care).
View More Details on Volcom Stone Suit Vest - Men's


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Dec 26, 2013 7:27 PM by KSBY Staff
A local family is spreading some Christmas cheer to victims of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines.
The family of a Central Coast woman who came here from the Philippines organized a donation drive for students in a remote village.
The family teamed up to get gifts for 400 kids at an elementary school there.
The sister who lives in the Philippines had a goal of 50 cents per child, but people here donated more. The children received bread, candy and pencils.
Now the goal is to rebuild the village.
Kathleen O'Neill, who created the local typhoon relief fund, says, "At first there was no way to send money, but then a Western Union opened up in a neighboring town and they went to that Western Union and we sent them a little bit of money to make sure it would get there, and gradually we could send a little bit more."
Donations can be made to the "Dumarao Philippines Relief Fund" at Rabobank.
Offensive or inappropriate comments are subject to removal. To report a comment, please e-mail us at email@example.com, and include the name of the story and information on the comment.
Thank you! KSBY.com
3 hours ago


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Product descriptions and images presented on the site are for representational use only and do not constitute or substitute for medical information from your health care or medical professional. Information on this site is provided for informational purposes only. You should read carefully all on correct product packaging and follow the instructions. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, promptly contact your health care provider. Information and statements regarding dietary supplements on this site have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease and may be for commercial. Image shown for reference only. Actual item you recieve may differ from shown.


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Decorating Tips for Your Living Room, Bedroom, and Office
Do you love Ballard Designs? So do we, and we were excited to partner with them to share some of our favorite decorating tips in the creation of three different rooms: a family-friendly living room, an office-guest room combo, and bedroom with lots (and we mean lots) of storage.
Our senior home market editor Kelley Carter designed the rooms and made videos with her tips for each. You can watch the videos below and see additional photos of the rooms on Ballard Designs.
How to Create a Family-Friendly Living Room
How to Create an Office in Your Guest Room
How to Create More Storage in Your Bedroom
What are your biggest challenges when it comes to decorating? Browse more ideas for your living room, dining room, bedroom, and kitchen here.


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noun \-ˈnir-iŋ\: the work of designing and creating large structures (such as roads and bridges) or new products or systems by using scientific methods
: the control or direction of something (such as behavior)
Full Definition of ENGINEERING
Examples of ENGINEERING
- This control panel is a good example of smart engineering.
First Known Use of ENGINEERING
Rhymes with ENGINEERING
noun (Concise Encyclopedia)Professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and mathematics and their extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, transfer and rate processes, and systems analysis. A great body of special knowledge is associated with engineering; preparation for professional practice involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. Engineers employ two types of natural resources, materials and energy. Materials acquire uses that reflect their properties: their strength, ease of fabrication, lightness, or durability; their ability to insulate or conduct; and their chemical, electrical, or acoustical properties. Important sources of energy include fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, gas), wind, sunlight, falling water, and nuclear fission. See also aerospace engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering. genetic engineering, mechanical engineering, military engineering.
Learn More About ENGINEERING
Previous Word in the Dictionary: engineer boot
All Words Near: engineering
Ask The Editor Videos
Seen & Heard
What made you want to look up engineering? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


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Italian Frames
Ornate, yet versatile, Italian picture frames do not present a picture as a mere decoration on wall – they present it as an object unto itself – a shrine, an alter piece or personal icon. Despite their brash appearance however, Italian frames have always been required to live unobtrusively among furnishings of a period not their own. Carved out of the finest materials, these pictures can serve as the centerpiece to any space.
Italian Style Frames Gallery
The use of ornamental border to surround a picture dates well into antiquity. Examples may be found in such forms as early Greek Style, Roman frescoes and mosaics, Egyptian grave portraits of the Fayum period and later in illuminated medieval manuscripts.
The age of the Gothic, as it developed in Italy, saw the change of the concept of painting as strictly a wall decoration to that of the painting as an object in itself – a shrine, an altar piece or a personal icon. This was, in effect, the beginning of the picture frame as we know it today. Framemaking became an art form in itself.
The later advent of the more secular, easel painting brought on the gradual specializations of the painter and the framemaker, although into the 15th and 16th centuries, and later, painters would still be making their own frames or working closely with the frame craftsman.


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Read about the many ways our sisters and associates are improving people's lives in ten countries around the world.
Learn More
The School Sisters of St. Francis are an international community of Catholic sisters who unite with others to build a just and peaceful world.
The spirituality of the School Sisters of St. Francis is rooted in the lives of St. Francis and St. Clare.
We commit ourselves to be instruments of peace. We live that peace within community and in collaboration with others in a multicultural world.
The School Sisters of St. Francis are committed to fostering justice and peace in their own lives and throughout society.
We count on the generosity of others to walk with us as we bring hope and love to people in need.
We invite you to share your prayer intentions with us.
Contact a member of our community.
New video and project options
Sunday: 9 AM Monday & Friday: 7 AM Tuesday, Wednesday & Thursday: 4 PM
Click here for the complete St. Joseph Chapel prayer & worship schedule
1501 S. Layton Blvd., Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA • 414-384-4105 Click here for directions


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Yesterday brought the news that 19 tourists died in Egypt when their hot air balloon crashed. It almost made us rethink our activities today because we were planning to go up in a balloon here in Marrakech! The chance that our balloon would crash just because a balloon in Egypt crashed is minuscule. They're unrelated events but I guess it was a reminder that the activity is not without risk. Many people did cancel their trips yesterday and our pilot thanked us for not doing the same.
It was a wonderful experience, spoiled slightly by the low hanging clouds but floating through the clouds was surreal for a few moments. Then the wind blew us towards Berber villages as we descended. People watched and children ran as we eventually came to ground. The wind had been carrying us towards the mountains and we'd pass above powerlines that snaked across the valley so the pilot took us down about 200 metres from those cables.
Definitely worth trying out!
Aperture | ƒ/4 |
Camera | Canon EOS 40D |
Focal length | 21mm |
Shutter speed | 1/1000s |
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Blog | Comments |
WoW | 1 Comment |
Recent Comments:
Breakfast Topic: What's your most memorable moment of amazement? {WoW}
Oct 22nd 2010 11:17AM So many amazing moments. Here are a few that stand out...
- Being a NE and taking the trek through the Wetlands and Dun Morough and then seeing IF for the first time -- Wow!
- First time stepping into MC and seeing the 2 huge giant orange dudes.
- First time seeing Ragnaros emerge from the lava.
- World Dragons in Vanilla
- Riding by the Dark Portal Pre-BC
- Stepping through the Dark Portal into Outands for the first time
- The Outlands sky
- Taking my first flight as a Druid at 67 in Nagrand
- Flying over Zul'Drak the first time seeing the Giant dude walking around -- and just the layout of the zone is cool looking...


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The Price of Produce
Mom always told us to eat our fruits and veggies, but these days some items in the produce aisle can tip the scales when it comes to price. So what determines which produce is cheap, and which costs a hefty load?
"It really comes down to supply and demand," says Robert Schueller, director of public relations for Melissa's, a specialty produce distributor. "Many higher-priced items aren't demanded as much, often because they have been recently introduced into the U.S. and the public isn't educated about them yet. If bananas weren't the number-one fruit in America, we wouldn't be paying just 50 cents a pound or less for them."
Shelf life can also play a role in cost. "All fruits are perishable, but produce that goes bad more quickly is often more expensive than hardier types," Schueller adds.
Which produce is the priciest of all? Read on for the top 10 according to industry averages, and see if your favorites made the list.
Photo Credit: Daniel Morrison


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Who do you think looks best today? (5 photos)
The best street style from London Fashion Week: http://ow.ly/p48HS via @StyleCaster
1 cup olive oil
2 tbsp fresh lime juice
2 tbsp champagne vinegar
2 tsp chopped fresh thyme
1 small shallot, minced
1 serrano chile, stemmed and sliced into small half-rounds
Salt to taste
1 small seedless watermelon
? lb. wedge feta cheese, sliced ?" thick (about 12 slices)
1 bunch arugula
Sliced serrano chile for garnish
1 In a jar with a tight-fitting lid, combine olive oil, lime juice, vinegar, thyme, shallot and serrano chile. Shake well. Season with salt to taste; chill in refrigerator. 2 Remove watermelon rind and slice flesh into 3" squares. 3 To assemble salad, layer one piece of watermelon on one piece of feta. Repeat. 4 Drizzle with vinaigrette and garnish with arugula and sliced serrano chile. Serves 6.Read MoreLess


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Is Online Learning for Me?
The nature of computer-based and online courses is completely different from the traditional classroom environment specifically in terms of modes of delivery and interaction. While online courses do offer maximum flexibility, they also require self-discipline and good reading and writing skills, as well as a willingness to work independently. The following review has been developed to assist you in deciding if online and distance learning is for you. Please review the following questions, keeping in mind that the more you answer YES – the more likely your learning experience will be both rewarding and successful. If you find you answer NO to some of these questions, you may want to consider whether this type of learning environment will satisfy your goals and needs. Learning and Communications Skills
Time Management Skills
Minimum Computer Hardware RequirementTo participate successfully, the following are the minimum technical requirements we recommend. If you don't have access to this level of technology – you may want to explore upgrading your systems prior to taking an online class. Do you have:
Technical Skills


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I need experts suggestion on this. I see fast-failover option is available from Mysql 5.6.5 onwards. I have a requirement asking to go for Mysql auto-failover of vip and database within Mysql itself. And customer didn't want to go for any legacy like heartbeat or pacemaker.
Below are my concerns listed, kindly let me know your suggestions.
Is auto-failover in mysql is only compatible to GTID replication?
I just wanted to know how GTID replication in real time environment does it gives much trouble?
Do you think Failover option in mysql itself is fine? as I see its a new release.
The architecture is going to be implemented on a real money available site and no down-time or any turbulence are allowed and most of the heads eyes are on this project.
- Should I go for Mysql Failover or have Master/Slave in mixed based logging and have heartbeat ensure we don't endup in split brain? (My vote is for legacy).


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nicky aubergine
(18 Recipes) Created by NICKYCRANE
Recipes in this Collection
Simply seasoned eggplant is great as a dip, a spread for crackers or crusty bread, or a flavor-booster for chicken. Carbs: 5.3g | Fat: 3.6g | Fiber: 1.3g | Protein: 0.7g | Calories: 52.6
This recipe was inspired by moussaka, eggplant Parmesan and lasagna. The result is a light and tasty meatless meal that makes any night a special occasion. Submitted by CHEF_MEG Carbs: 27.4g | Fat: 6.7g | Fiber: 6.6g | Protein: 11.2g | Calories: 232.4
This easy, cheesy eggplant packs a mean veggie punch! A simple vegetarian meal that even meat-eaters will love. Submitted by CHEF_MEG Carbs: 24.4g | Fat: 9.8g | Fiber: 8.3g | Protein: 9.6g | Calories: 208.8
Ditch the crust and boost your veggie intake with these eggplant "pizzas." Submitted by GONZOSTAR Carbs: 8.9g | Fat: 7.5g | Fiber: 3.2g | Protein: 4.9g | Calories: 119.1
Very Good 4.2/5
(112 ratings)
2 cups of this stew makes a filling and nutrutious lunch. Submitted by REVASEAN Carbs: 11.3g | Fat: 1.6g | Fiber: 3.8g | Protein: 2.2g | Calories: 61.6
Very Good 4.3/5
(64 ratings)
The problem you always run into with eggplant is blandness and it's hard for me to enjoy it without frying it up! (not so healthy) until now ;) Submitted by VANILLAKISS555 Carbs: 18.6g | Fat: 5.7g | Fiber: 4.5g | Protein: 5.4g | Calories: 141.6
Very Good 4.4/5
(72 ratings)
A healthy and delicious alternative to the traditional recipe. Submitted by BARBSHAKESPEARE Carbs: 33.8g | Fat: 7.9g | Fiber: 9.4g | Protein: 17.3g | Calories: 262
Very Good 4.5/5
(53 ratings)
Carbs: 17.9g | Fat: 5.8g | Fiber: 5.8g | Protein: 12.1g | Calories: 158.5
Very Good 4.5/5
(49 ratings)
I found this recipe on SP and added my own spin to it. It's very good, and the servings are large! Submitted by STEPH2003 Carbs: 16g | Fat: 7.2g | Fiber: 4.1g | Protein: 11.4g | Calories: 169.7
Yellow squash, eggplant, zucchini, onions, tomatoes all baked with a cheesy crust. Great vegetarian and low carb side dish. Submitted by MEGRENEE2 Carbs: 6.6g | Fat: 4.1g | Fiber: 1.9g | Protein: 7g | Calories: 89.7
Very Good 4.3/5
(34 ratings)
This is tasty low-calorie fare, which can be served as either the main course or the side dish. Substitute light mayonnaise to reduce calories further. Submitted by CHASUK Carbs: 5.1g | Fat: 7.7g | Fiber: 1.3g | Protein: 2.1g | Calories: 96.4
Good 3.9/5
(32 ratings)
This eggplant "pasta" is nutritious and delicious! Submitted by ISABELLAMIRAC Carbs: 23.6g | Fat: 7g | Fiber: 6.9g | Protein: 8.4g | Calories: 181.4
Good 3.9/5
(24 ratings)
A warm combo of veggies make for a great side dish. Carbs: 21.5g | Fat: 9.5g | Fiber: 6.6g | Protein: 4.1g | Calories: 172.2
Very Good 4.4/5
(23 ratings)
Submitted by KBRADLEYSLP Carbs: 12.4g | Fat: 7.1g | Fiber: 3.1g | Protein: 1.4g | Calories: 110.7
Very Good 4.2/5
(20 ratings)
A low cal comfort food Submitted by THEWINEGUY Carbs: 41.4g | Fat: 8.6g | Fiber: 8.2g | Protein: 17.4g | Calories: 299.1
Very Good 4.7/5
(19 ratings)
We love these baked eggplant slices as a main meal, as a sandwich filling or as a topping for an italian salad! Submitted by VIOLETTE1 Carbs: 25.5g | Fat: 5.4g | Fiber: 5.1g | Protein: 9.1g | Calories: 182.8
Very Good 4.6/5
(21 ratings)
Baked Eggplant, Tomatoes and Feta Submitted by ESKIMOKISSES1 Carbs: 15.7g | Fat: 8.7g | Fiber: 4.4g | Protein: 7.7g | Calories: 161.8
A healthy take on the Greek eggplant casserole. Submitted by KHILKEY Carbs: 16.4g | Fat: 4.7g | Fiber: 3.3g | Protein: 10.7g | Calories: 153


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Who is your Representative?
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Mary Nichols
District 079
Rep. Mary Nichols, a Democrat, represents St. Louis County (District 72) in the Missouri House of Representatives. She was elected to her first two-year term in November 2010.
In addition to her legislative duties, Rep. Nichols is a residential real estate sales person for Coldwell Banker Gundaker in Maryland Heights. Rep. Nichols also served four terms on the Maryland Heights City Council and two terms as the Maryland Heights Township Committeewoman.
Rep. Nichols received her A.A. from Monticello College in 1969 and her B.S. from Southern Illinois University in 1972. Rep Nichols also received her Teaching Certificate from the State of Illinois in 1972.
Rep. Nichols currently resides in Maryland Heights with her husband, Robert K. Nichols.


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Reviewed Goan Beef Curry with Vinegar: Beef Vindaloo
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"I wish they would also tell you how to substitue the whole spices for spices already ground. I made the recipe with already ground spices and guessed at the amounts. It turned out well with my guessing but I would like to know how much to really use. "


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Many research laboratories and institutes use spin-coating technology to cost-effectively create thin-film coatings with precise thickness and uniformity control. In many cases, the most significant initial costs of development work are for the semiconductor-grade substrates. Consequently, many spin-on application projects may use irregularly shaped wafer pieces, microscope slides, and/or wafer die (1 cm × 1 cm) in early development work. Material deposition is typically performed with handheld syringes, manual pipettes, or more sophisticated digital repeater pipettes.
As process optimization begins to accelerate, the need to eliminate human variables becomes increasingly critical. Transferring the application method from a handheld dispense technique to a fixed mechanical nozzle with microprocessor control is a primary area of focus. Implementing automatic dispense options provides a feasible pathway; however, many variables must be considered when pursuing this option. An ideal solution combines the programmable control provided by an intelligent spin-coating (host) system with a disposable syringe barrel. This configuration is inherently capable of minimizing material consumption, mitigating cross-contamination, and providing precise programmable control.
One such system is the disposable syringe dispense system (DSD-1), offered by Brewer Science. This system consists of a stainless steel/anodized aluminum housing with a proprietary design that features a mechanical roller suckback that ensures a positive clamp for drips and completely seals the nozzle tip from exposure to open air. This system provides extremely accurate, repeatable dispense rates and volumes. Each syringe accommodates various sizes of barrels and typically holds 30 cc or 55 cc of material. Various barrels are available, including transparently clear for general-purpose applications, light-sensitive amber, and opaque black (lightproof). Barrels also feature precision mated pistons that mitigate trapped air and enhance shot size uniformity. The DSD-1 system utilizes a proprietary flexible 16-gauge ID dispense luer tip and is compatible with viscosities up to 400 cP with a standard N2 or CDA pressure of 30 psi. With higher N2 pressures (to a maximum of 60 psi), the DSD-1 can support viscosities up to 13.5 kcP and dispense rates of 0.3 cc/s. The spin coater host software provides discrete control of the dispense timing to the nearest 0.1 second and combines with syringe pressure to control the dispense volume.
Syringe barrels are self contained, allowing users to interchange various process materials in a matter of seconds. The syringes are easily removable for filling and weighing and can be capped for storage over several days or weeks. The entire wetted assembly can be cleaned and reused and/or disposed of and replaced for the next chemical application. Inline Whatman™ Puradisc syringe filters are compatible with the syringe barrels and are available in a wide array of media types, pore sizes, and flow rates. They are simply inserted between the pressurized syringe barrel and the dispense tip. Common filter media types include Teflon®, polypropylene, nylon, and Kynar, and pore sizes include 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.45, 1, 5, 10, and 25 µm. Optimal setup procedures include prewetting all PTFE Teflon® filters with solvent before plumbing on the process material. Prewetting will optimize the flow characteristics of the material through the filter and mitigate the risk of trapped air. The solvent purging process should be used in combination with opening the cartridge valve and purging any residual trapped air. Always invert the position of the filter to allow the output to flow from the top of the barrel.
The DSD-1 dispense nozzle housing mounted in the lid of a Brewer Science® Cee® spin coater will accommodate multiple automated and/or manual syringe dispense options. A maximum of three other automated cartridges, pressure cans, syringes, or positive displacement or diaphragm pumps can be mounted simultaneously. With the Brewer Science® Cee® equipment user-friendly design, dispense recipes are easily entered, monitored, and stored through our stand-alone Windows®-based graphical user interface. Please refer to the Brewer Science® Cee® spin coating equipment landing page for additional information and detailed tool specifications.
Whatman™ is a trademark of GE Healthcare Companies. Teflon® is a registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours. Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft.
Use of temporary bonding/debonding as part of thin wafer handling processes is rapidly increasing. Users must determine which temporary bonding/debonding method is appropriate for a specific application. Some of the technologies that have been developed are chemical release, thermal slide separation, and ZoneBOND® debonding.
The chemical release process requires very little force to release the thinned device wafers from carriers and is recommended for low-volume, small-format, and compound semiconductor (CS) III-V materials.
The thermal slide debonding process is ideal for small-format applications with throughput requirements of 500-600 wafers (50-150 mm in diameter) per week and with thermal budgets up to 220°C.
The ZoneBOND® process is capable of separating large-format wafer pairs (with diameters of 200 mm or larger) containing large topography and/or perforations. It is also compatible with all wafer sizes, thicknesses, materials, and surface topographies.
Download the white paper to learn more about these three thin wafer handling process methodologies.
Thermal slide debonding represents the next significant advancement in obtaining high-yield thin wafer results. Initial detection of anomalies and cracks usually occurs during debonding; however, many causes for this damage originate during upstream bonding material coating, curing, bonding, and thinning processes. Moreover, only thermal separation tools that are highly precise and highly accurate will consistently render desirable process yields. The bonded pair is subjected to many thermal and compressive forces during processing and debonding. The thinned device layers are often very sensitive to outside factors including temperature, vacuum, and mechanical compression and release.
For debonding, relatively speaking, silicon materials are inherently more flexible than III-V compounds and allow greater control tolerances. Consequently compound semiconductor (CS) materials require significantly tighter control of platen temperature uniformity, pull force, vacuum fluctuations, platen separation, and platen co-planarity. The Cee® 1300CSX thermal slide debonder (see image below) has been specifically designed to meet and exceed these specifications.
In this tool, wafer stacks are processed with the thinned device wafer orientated to contact the upper chuck and the carrier substrate is held in place by a vacuum emanating from the lower chuck. A manual insertion tool accurately aligns the bonded pair onto the lower platen lift pins. The lift pins are programmed electronically and provide precisely controlled acceleration for bringing the substrate to the desired set point temperature for heating the thermoplastic bonding material to the appropriate temperature to achieve a viscosity of <300 Pa·s. The following steps outline the standard process flow for thermal separation (see diagram below).
Operating the debonder involves the following processing steps:
Transferring the intact device to a post-debonding spin-cleaning tool is the next critical step. The most common transfer method is outlined below:
Brewer Science is uniquely positioned to seamlessly integrate the materials, processes, and machines for adopting a precision temporary thermal bonding/debonding application. Our product portfolio includes high-temperature temporary bonding materials (WaferBOND® HT-10.10 material), precision spin coaters (Cee® 200X and 300X tools), bake plates (Cee®1300X and 200CBX tools), temporary bonders, debonders (Cee®1300DB and 1300CSX tools), thin-wafer transfer tooling, and cleaning tools (Cee®200XD, 300XD, and 300MXD tools). Please contact us today to learn more about these advanced technologies and products for overcoming daunting process challenges. We are standing by to assist you.
Gel-Pak® is a registered trademark of Gel-Pak LLC.
In addition to precisely controlling application of the materials that enable wafer bonding, a solvent-enriched sealed spin chamber contributes to process integrity. One of the most critical variables in achieving optimal uniformities at the desired target thickness is airflow dynamics. Ideal conditions are created in a sealed chamber with a prewet solvent nozzle, a backside rinse, a lid gasket, a splash ring (air-flow baffle), a programmable exhaust, and center-stream bonding material delivery. Radial and reverse-radial scanning dispense arms are not recommended because they require open bowl environments. Additionally, the scanning technique has not demonstrated significant advantages related to uniformity or material conservation.
A sealed bowl chamber (see bowl image below) improves material consumption, casting characteristics, and coating uniformity. A closed bowl environment combined with a programmable exhaust module allows the solvent vapor concentration to be precisely controlled at various stages in the spin-coating recipe.
Closed lid with programmable exhaust
Prewet dispense techniques deliver nominal amounts of base-solvent at the onset of depositing the bonding material. This dispense step serves the dual purpose of preparing the surface and increasing the initial bowl vapor concentration. Generally, exhaust is set at 0% (see solvent-enriched environment figure below) during the dynamic dispense and casting portions of the spin recipe. Exhaust flow is typically throttled to 50-100% (see open exhaust environment figure below) during the subsequent drying steps for adequate vapor removal.
Solvent-enriched environment
Open exhaust environment
The lid gasket and splash rings seal the chamber and shape the exhaust flow for ideal edge coating. The gasket and rings also mitigate the risk of materials contacting the straight sidewall and redepositing on the upper device area of the substrate.
The backside rinse also helps prevent potential downstream bake plate, bonder, and debonder platen contamination by removing any residual bonding materials that collect on the rear side of the coated substrate.
Proper baking control is essential to achieve void-free media layers and overall high process yields for thick films. After the spin-coating/drying procedure, residual solvent will remain in the bonding material layer. Multistage bake cycles regulate the solvent evaporation rate and mitigate the risk of a "skinning effect." Skinning results when the outer, exposed layers dry at a faster rate than lower, interior layers. Once skin forms, evaporating solvent below that skin can form blisters in the coating. This phenomenon can be observed if the film is not baked at multiple setpoints (120º-180ºC) and/or is too aggressively ramped to the respective baking temperatures.
During the backside processes (previously depicted in Part 1 figures) and in the thermal debonding process, failure to properly drive off residual vapors can also lead to vapor flash, greatly increasing the risk of device cracking. The use of two high-uniformity bake plates, featuring pneumatically controlled lift pins to permit proximity bake, soft contact bake, and hard contact bake methods (depicted in the figure below), are recommended for optimal curing results. Utilizing an initial proximity bake method with a nitrogen (N2) pillow lowers the risk of the substrate physically contacting the bake plate and receiving a thermal shock. The slower heating ramp also reduces the risk of blistering and cracking the outer, exposed film surface.
N2 proximity, soft contact, and vacuum hard bake methods
A higher level of precision can be attained by using electronically controlled programmable lift pins. The electronic lift pins provide the user with specific proximity heights above the surface in any sequence or combination. In Brewer Science® Cee® bake plates, the heights are programmed in 0.001-inch increments, with an overall operating window from 0.001 inch through 0.750 inch (± 0.002 inch). This feature allows for more controlled temperature ramping and can emulate several bake plate temperatures with a single bake plate. This feature is also extremely valuable for safely handling thermomechanically sensitive materials, such as GaAs, InP, GaN, SiC, and sapphire substrates, because it reduces thermal shock.
Thermocompressive bonding is often either overlooked or underestimated as a trivial step in the process flow. Precisely controlling process temperatures, achieving platen co-planarity, and maintaining the physical proximity gap between carrier and device during full evacuation (<5 mTorr) prior to physically joining the two substrates (see image below) are all critically important for successful thermocompressive bonding. Failure to control these parameters can lead to trapped pockets of air and solvent, which create voids. Scanning acoustic microscopes can reveal the existence and magnitude of such voids. These voids represent areas of non-uniform support during post-bonding backgrinding and could potentially cause adherence failure during backside processing and debonding processes. Close attention to the recipe parameters and carrier/device orientation is required to achieve a viable material bond line between wafers.
Loading the bonding material–coated device in the lower stack position with the uncoated carrier immediately above is highly recommended. This loading position will reduce the risk of the bonding material making physical contact with the proximity separation pins during evacuation. Such contact could cause subsequent contamination of the next stack and also require excessive cleaning of the equipment.
Post-bonding thinning to thicknesses less than 100 µm requires the utmost in precision controls and programmability. Qualified vendors such as DISCO Corporation and Okamoto Corporation should perform this portion of the rough backside grinding process. Following the mechanical rough grinding procedure, post-thinning polishing is recommended to eliminate process-induced subsurface microcracks. SEM images clearly illustrate the presence of countless cleave planes resulting in non-uniform surface stress and warpage. A subsequent mechanical ultrafine grinding or chemical etching process can be used to remove this stress prior to additional thermomechanical processes.
The microelectronics industry is rapidly migrating to fabricating 3-D wafer stacking interconnects using through-silicon via (TSV) technology. Major market segments seeking to benefit from TSV technology include advanced packaging for memory/logic, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and compound semiconductor (III-V) high-power radio-frequency (RF) devices. In this cutting-edge technology, fragile device substrates are bonded to carrier substrates with polymeric bonding materials for uniform support during backgrinding (thinning) processes. Device wafers containing various topographies, including etched topographies, high-aspect-ratio structures, trenches, and bored holes throughout the active component area, are first coated and planarized using spin-on bonding materials. Each coated device wafer is then mounted to a rigid carrier and thinned, usually to a thickness of less than100 µm, for further processing. The bonded pair, including the bonding material layer, will be subjected to a wide variety of thermo-mechanical stresses generated during backside processing to thin the device wafer and create electrical input/output redistribution layers (Figures 1 through 5). An effective temporary wafer bonding solution is expected to provide complete support, retain bond strength, and remain soluble for relatively low-temperature (>150°C) separation and cleaning. Temporary bonding process steps include the following:
During these process steps, the bonding material must remain adhered and provide sufficient support to the entire thinned device. To obtain consistently high process yields and throughputs, all upstream and downstream processes must be precisely controlled, often by very specialized equipment and tooling to achieve accurate and repeatable results. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch poses a considerable threat to process integrity by inducing thermal stress. Using device and carrier materials with matching CTEs should be strongly considered. When the carrier and device CTEs cannot be matched, selecting materials with the closest possible CTEs will reduce risks associated with thermal stresses. Additionally, the carrier wafer retains greater structural integrity and will dominate the wafer bow effect. The thermoplastic bonding material layer provides a degree of compliance to relax this internal stress, and thicker bond lines (50-100 µm) work to amplify this effect.
Edge-trimming device wafers and/or using oversized carriers provides loading alignment tolerance and lessens the potential for knife-edge creation along the wafer's edge, which creates a non-uniform radius and is the main source of chipping and subsequent crack propagation. Many issues related to this type of yield loss can be averted by using edge-prep techniques to replace the rounded edge with a straight wall. Removing 0.5-1.0 mm of the total diameter [of the device wafer?], depending on the overall wafer substrate size, is recommended.
Brewer Science bonding materials are spin applied and require a precision spin coater with environmental chamber controls. Because of the relatively high viscosity of the bonding materials, standard (dip tube) pneumatic dispenses are not recommended for medium-volume, prototyping environments. Gravity-fed pneumatic reservoirs are viable for R&D and low-volume laboratory settings; however, manually pouring and/or transferring the material can result in the infusion of air, which creates microbubbles, and will detrimentally affect suck-back control. Thick-film bonding materials require significantly higher pressures to achieve nominal flow rates, and the overall pressure is directly proportional to the amount of gas dissolution. Recommended flow rates are >1 ml/s. Although bonding material volume will depend on the desired coating thickness, a good rule of thumb is to start with a minimum of 1.5 ml of bonding material per every 100 cm2 of coated surface area.
The ideal equipment for material delivery is a positive displacement pump system. These pumps have the significant advantage of not exposing the material to pressurized gas during fill, dispense, suck-back, and refill sequences. The pumps utilize stepper-motor-controlled diaphragms and provide optimal shot size, dispense rate, suck-back and refill accuracy. One top-of-the-line option, the Cybor 610 pump, provides a specialized recirculation feature to assist in outgassing during the initial purging operation. A reservoir system especially suited for high-viscosity materials is another beneficial accessory to mitigate the introduction of air bubbles during bottle-changing procedures. The system is installed upstream from a high-viscosity pump and features a capacitive sensor that monitors the liquid level and will auto-fill before air can reach the pump source line.
Cybor 610 and 5000 positive displacement pumps
Since the dawn of the microelectronics industry, application engineers have required the ability to uniformly cure photosensitive materials. Particularly, curing wet-developable spin-applied films evenly across the substrate surface has presented a technical challenge. Such curing has become increasingly difficult with the introduction of large format substrates (200- to 300-mm) and the continual decrease in critical dimensions. Uniform baking across the substrate surface is critical to reduce over-curing, which causes "scumming," and under-baking, which causes undercut erosion and pattern collapse.
High-uniformity precision bake plates have successfully achieved the level of performance needed to overcome these hurdles. These bake plates include features such as programmable bake times and multiple bake methods (contact, proximity, and vacuum) and are capable of maintaining temperature uniformity of ± 0.3% within the active working surface.
Multiple bake methods are performed with the use of a chuck having a series of concentric hole patterns that deliver either vacuum or nitrogen proximity gas. The concentric patterns determine the active size-specific (2 inches to > 200 mm) areas for N2 gas or vacuum distribution. These ports serve a dual function by supplying N2 for proximity baking and by floating the substrate into the active process position during the loading and unloading bake recipe sequences.
N2 Proximity Contact: In this method, the substrate is floated on a self-leveling "pillow" of nitrogen at about 0.006-0.020 inch from the bake plate surface during baking. The gradual heating of the substrate reduces the blistering and cracking of films that sometimes results from the use of fast-drying solvents. This bake method can eliminate the need for two separate bake plates with similar temperature set points (within 10°C). Proximity baking with an N2 pillow mitigates the risks associated with physical contact between the substrate and the bake plate and has been adopted for many photomask and display processing applications. The N2 gas pillow accurately aligns the substrate against the vertical centering stop pins during the loading process.
Gravity Soft Contact: In this method, the substrate is held against the surface of the chuck by gravity. This style provides an intermediate method between hard vacuum contact and proximity bakes where a controlled multiple-step set point acceleration ramp is required. This style is very flexible and is compatible with any substrate size within the working surface area of the bake plate (1 inch from the surface plate perimeter).
Hard Vacuum Contact: This method is the most accurate baking method for bake plates and uses vacuum ports to ensure intimate contact between the substrate and the bake plate. This style ensures baking uniformity and minimizes warping and/or bowing of the substrate.
Additionally, a bake plate should maintain minimal variation from the temperature set point during loading and unloading of a substrate. This objective can be achieved by utilizing a large thermal mass in the bake plate surface. Although critically important to minimizing temperature variation, this large mass typically limits the speed of the set point acceleration. Multiple bake plates are generally utilized for spanning large ranges of set point temperatures.
Brewer Science® Cee® bake plates equipped with programmable ramping temperature controllers and compatible software can give a single bake plate the ability to ramp from low to high temperatures with precise soak times and up to ten incremental temperature step changes. This feature is limited to temperature increases up to about 50°C, and requires significant cooling times between bake recipes.
Brewer Science® Cee® bake plates incorporate a sophisticated technology that can address this handicap by utilizing program-controlled electronic lift-pins. This option utilizes accurate stepper motor control (±0.002 inch) that will drive the lift-pins to 100 specific proximity process heights above the baking surface in any sequence or combination. The heights are programmed in 0.001-inch increments, with an overall operating window from 0.001 inch through 0.750 inch. Traditionally, this technology was only available on million-dollar track equipment. Recently, this capability has been adapted to a compact benchtop version that is intended specifically for prototype-scale production. This flexible feature enables faster ramping acceleration/deceleration and emulates several bake plate temperatures simultaneously, while maintaining a high degree of bake uniformity. This feature is extremely valuable for the safe handling of thermomechanical shock-sensitive materials such as gallium arsenide, lithium niobate, indium phosphide, gallium nitride, silicon carbide, and sapphire substrates.
Brewer Science® Cee® equipment engineers have utilized the KLA-Tencor® SensArray measurement probe to measure, track, and record temperature conditions produced by Cee® bake plates. The engineers have meticulously performed these process trials and developed user-friendly temperature matrixes for a variety of common temperatures used for a soft bake (100°C), post-exposure bake (PEB), and post-develop hard bake (205°C) for final curing.
The following chart represents a temperature matrix reflecting a surface temperature of 200°C, and incremental descent from 0.600 inch to hard vacuum contact in downward steps in increments of 0.100-0.020 inch. Each positional height is allowed to stabilize for a period of 300 seconds (5 minutes), and uniformity is recorded at these heights.
By eliminating the need for multiple bake plates, this programmable system is a cost-effective option in a space-saving design. This configuration is ideal for performing multiple set points (dual stage), baking "from the inside out" for thick-film materials such as MicroChem SU-8 materials, MicroChem KMPR® materials, Shipley BPR™-100 photoresist, and Brewer Science® WaferBOND® HT-10.10 materials, and mitigating concerns associated with the "skinning" effect.
The Brewer Science® Cee® high-uniformity bake plate product family brings together all these capabilities in a compact footprint designed for a lab-scale environment. Click here to learn more.
Developing photosensitive film layers to produce features of targeted sizes is a critical process step within any photolithography application. Application engineers have created several processes for performing this step with tank immersion (that is, a bath) and/or several adaptations of spin developing a single wafer to make patterns of features based on film areas of differing solubility. The use of immersion tank processes has steadily declined in MEMS fabrication and advanced lithography over the past decade due to excessive material consumption, non-uniform resolution, and poor clearing from high-aspect-ratio features due to insufficient agitation. Additionally, increased throughput requirements and smaller critical dimensions (CDs) have further shifted mainstream applications to single-wafer (track) spray/puddle process flows.
The standard developer materials consist of low-concentration (< 3%) bases and acids (TMAH, KOH, lactic acid in aqueous solutions). Other popular solvent-based photoresists, dry films, and polyamides are typically resolved and rinsed with polar solvents including propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), acetone, and isopropanol (IPA).
The most common single-wafer process is designed to deposit the developer solution onto the center of the wafer surface through a stream puddle technique. The wafer is then spun at low speed (0-50 rpm). The rotation is then stopped and held at 0 rpm to enable the material to "puddle" and allow the chemical reaction to actively dissolve the soluble areas of the patterned film. This process is very popular for thin films ≤ 1 μm thick and/or for small wafer applications. For thick films and/or high-aspect-ratio features, the stream puddle step may be repeated over several iterations to reapply fresh developer. However, because this method of development is inherently non-uniform, it can be problematic for many thick-film and large-surface-area processes. Often features along the wafer perimeter are underdeveloped, and center features are often over-exposed.
The use of side-angle spray nozzles significantly enhances fluid deposition uniformity. The standard configuration utilizes two side-spray, V-line spray nozzles to evenly apply developer solution and deionized (DI) water across the substrate simultaneously. Some configurations use an open UHMW polyethylene lid with spray nozzles mounted either outside the wafer plane, spraying inward from the center of the wafer out (puddle spray), or directly over the substrate for continuous (direct) spray applications. The side spray nozzles are factory positioned outside the wafer plane (side orientation) and ensure uniform deposition for all substrate sizes (2-8 inches). The spray nozzles can also be used in a puddle developer application by quickly applying material to the substrate at a slow speed and then reducing the substrate speed to 0 rpm. Programming and setup options will also enable continuous-spray applications with the omission of all static (0 rpm) steps during the recipe and spray continuously throughout processing steps.
Many of the latest specialized lift-off resists and dry films (MicroChem LOR and SU-8 resists and Shipley BPR™-100 resist) are not compatible with spray/stream puddle development and require immersion, continuous direct-angle spray, and/or megasonic-assisted processes. Immersion methods are less than ideal and are not preferable for the reasons mentioned above. Direct-angle nozzles are often used for continuous-spray applications and allow accelerated development of thick films (5-100 μm) with features having high aspect ratios. The direct angle provides sufficient agitation to penetrate the film and remove soluble material. Another distinct advantage of this method is the continuous replenishment of fresh solution to accelerate development.
Introduction of megasonic development was a dramatic technology leap in this area. This development/cleaning technology combines a ProSys MegPie megasonic transducer with spray/stream developer systems. The radial megasonic array is specifically designed to apply uniform acoustic energy across the entire surface of the spinning substrate and gently lift away soluble materials without damaging fragile structures. This technology is uniquely suited to resolve extremely small CDs with high-aspect-ratio (> 5:1) structures for MEMS fabrication and advanced lithography (193- and 248-nm).
The Brewer Science® Cee® equipment line has been specifically engineered to accommodate all spin-developer process techniques including stream, spray, direct-angle, and megasonic-enhanced. As the predominant lab-scale equipment supplier for advanced R&D and prototyping, the Brewer Science® Cee® product team is eager to meet your specific application needs.
Process Engineers have explored several techniques for consistently dispensing high-viscosity resins for spin-on material applications. Manually pouring and/or using pre-filled syringes requires significant material consumption and excessive time and introduces microbubbles into the viscous material. Achieving consistently accurate dispense rates and volumes and controlled suck-back is a daunting challenge. Automatic dispense options provide a feasible solution, however, many variables must be considered when pursuing this option.
One cost-effective solution involves using a combination of gravity-fed pressurized cartridges (12-ounce capacity) and stainless steel reservoir cans (1-gallon capacity). This medium-volume option features disposable polypropylene liners within the transparent cartridge housing, which allow users to switch materials in a matter of seconds without risk of cross-contamination. Each entire chemically exposed liner can be cleaned and reused or disposed of and replaced for the next chemical application. Precision pneumatic dispense valves are triggered by host spin coaters and provide accurate shot size and suck-back operation. The host software provides discrete control of the valve timing to the nearest 0.1 second. Other flow-rate variables include the N2 or clean dry air (CDA) pressure to the reservoir and the volume control adjustment on the dispense valve near the point of use.
This option provides significant improvements over manual techniques in delivering viscous materials to the substrate surface. However, all pneumatically pressurized reservoirs are prone to allowing dissolution of gases into the process material. This phenomenon varies depending on the material solubility to the pressurized gas (N2) and the flow characteristics and/or viscosity. Thick-film materials require significantly higher pressures to achieve nominal flow rates, and the overall pressure is directly proportional to the amount of dissolution. This trapped gas can result in anomalies in the coated film and inhibit control of the suck-back function, resulting in problematic drips. While this option is feasible for initial small-scale proof-of-concept and development laboratories, it is not ideal for medium-volume prototyping and pilot-line environments.
In direct contrast to pressurized reservoirs, positive displacement pumps (such as the Cybor 5000-610) do not directly pressurize the material during dispense operations or subsequent recharging. Also, many positive displacement pumps feature a recirculating system to facilitate a specific outgassing procedure when the material is being initially purged or not in continuous use. The Cybor 5000-610 intelligent dispense pump is considered the industry-standard positive displacement pump for dispensing high-viscosity thick-film resists and polyimides (≤ 50,000 cP). The Cybor 5000-610 pump delivers extremely accurate shot size, volume, and suck-back control as well as microbubble-free operation. This pump is controlled through a Windows®-based PC. The software is fully compatible with today's automated wafer-processing cluster and track systems.
Unfortunately, many R&D laboratories simply cannot justify the purchase of million-dollar track systems that would be compatible with the positive displacement pump solution. Furthermore, the vast majority of laboratory-scale, entry-level spin coaters are not PC-based and will not support the software necessary to interface with this solution.
All Brewer Science® Cee® spin coaters include PC-based controllers capable of hosting the IDI/Cybor ChemNet® software. Visit the Cee® spin coaters page to learn more.
High-uniformity bake plates have been displacing convection ovens for well over two decades in the microelectronics industry. The disadvantages of variable temperature zones, lengthened cure times, and considerable particle contamination have been thoroughly analyzed and confirmed. Although temperature uniformity remains the primary advantage for precision hot plates, virtually eliminating skinning effects for thin-film (< 1-5 µm) applications has been equally beneficial. The skin effect is well understood when baking "from the outside in" and is typical of baking in a conventional oven. This phenomenon is more pronounced with thick-film materials such as SU-8 photoresist, KMPR photoresist, BPR-100 photoresist, and WaferBOND® HT-10.10 material, which are very prone to the skin effect. This effect occurs when the outer exposed layer of the film dries and forms a skin before all of the solvents in the lower layers have evaporated. These process anomalies are often observed with today's bake plates if the heating accelerations are too aggressive and/or the bake temperature or time is below recommended levels. Often the result is post-bake blistering and/or cracking, which renders the film unusable for downstream processing.
To combat this issue, customers have deployed the use of multiple high-uniformity bake plates with multiple set points (dual stage) for performing a soft bake, post-exposure bake, and post-develop hard bake for final curing. However, the multi-plate option fails to provide a repeatable method for ramping up from ambient temperature to the set point and over-utilizes precious clean room or laboratory working surfaces. One potential solution to this problem is instituting programmable plates with multiple bake method options (proximity, gravity, and hard contact).Proximity baking essentially floats the substrates on a "pillow" of inert gas that is blown through orifices in the chuck surface. A combination of heated gas, radiant heat from the chuck, and reflective radiant heat from the hood baffle uniformly heats the substrate. This slower heating of the substrate reduces blistering and cracking of films made from materials containing fast-drying solvents. Proximity baking can eliminate the need for two independent bake plates if the set points are relatively close (± 10°C). Proximity baking with an N2 pillow mitigates the risk of physical contact between the substrate and the hot plate and has been adopted for many photomask and display processing applications.In a "soft-contact" bake, gravity alone holds the substrate to the surface of the chuck. This method is typically utilized as an intermediate option between a "hard contact" bake and a proximity bake, for multiple step warm-up.In a "hard contact" bake, the substrate is held to the surface by applying a vacuum to the underside of the substrate. This method ensures baking uniformity and minimizes bowing and warping of the substrate.
The latest process enhancement combines the existing bake methods (proximity, soft contact, or hard contact) with programmable lift pins. The electronic lift pins are used for automated loading and unloading of the process wafers and provide enhanced repeatability. Furthermore, they have been designed for maximum flexibility and will accommodate all standard and semistandard sizes from 2 inches (with proper placement of the flat) through 200 mm. The electronic lift pins provide the user with 100 specific proximity process steps above the surface in any sequence or combination. The heights are programmed in 0.001-inch increments with an overall operating window from 0.001 inch through 0.750 inch (± 0.002 inch). In many scenarios, this feature allows for faster ramping acceleration/deceleration and emulates several bake plates temperatures simultaneously. This feature is also extremely valuable for safe handling of thermomechanically sensitive materials such as GaAs, LiNbO3, InP, GaN, SiC, and sapphire substrates. The Brewer Science® Cee® line of high-uniformity bake plates are the only ones to bring together all referenced capabilities in a compact footprint designed for a lab-scale environment. See the Cee® bake plate web page for additional information and detailed tool specifications.
Over the past decade, Brewer Science has developed and published various methods of creating a planar surface over three-dimensional (3-D) structures. Sharing these results invariably leads to a potential customer asking, "Can you fill the holes in my substrate that are x in size?" The short answer to the question is "Yes, we can." Filling holes, however, is rarely the only thing customers want to do. Typically they want to do something else, for instance, coat a photoresist, maintain chuck vacuum, support a structure, etc. That "something else" usually presents a challenge that is very different than just filling holes. For Brewer Science to provide the best solution for your particular structure and need, our highly experienced engineers and scientists must ask many more questions about what processes are acceptable and what downstream conditions the substrate must withstand.
To minimize cost and complexity, we offer process and material flexibility and compatibility with a standard photolithography track. We provide materials to level 3-D topography using the following methods:


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New Jurassic Park and Halo films, an extreme stunt and our X Factor USA favourite!
Steven Spielberg's said he's gonna make a fourth Jurassic Park film. He's told Empire magazine that he's hoping to get it on the big screen within the next two years adding We have a good story. We have a better story for 4 than we had for 3. We certainly hope so 'cos let's face it the last film was a bit pants. But lets remind ourselves of just how good the films were overall with a look at the Blu Ray trilogy trialer.
Meanwhile, Spielberg's name is also attached to a rumoured film adaptation of the best-selling game series Halo with rumours saying the film could be made next year.
In our final film news check out an amazing behind-the scenes video just released of a stunt from Tom Cruise's new Mission Impossible film. It was filmed on the world's tallest building in Dubai and you can watch it below.
Finally, check out our favourite performance from the first X Factor USA live show from earlier this week. The final 12 performed for the first time in front of Simon Cowell, L.A.Reid, Paula Abul and Nicole Scherzinger and our favourite is Brian 'Astro' Bradley a 15-year-old rapper from Brooklyn – check him out below and JUMP!
Tags: film, x factor usa


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Off the Grid: Presidio Picnic & Food Truck Party | SF
>> Want to see our Top Picks for this week instead?
Main Post Lawn | 103 Montgomery Street, Main Post, Presidio, San Francisco, CA
Off the Grid: Presidio Picnic & Food Truck Party | SF
Off the Grid hosts a full season of Picnic at the Presidio from 11 am to 4 pm every Sunday through the fall of 2014 at the Main Parade Ground Lawn.
Expect live music, free games and stands from San Francisco restaurants, food trucks, local farms and retailers. Plus there's beer, mimosas and Bloody Marys for sale.
There's also a new retail market with a rotating mix of 5-10 artisan food sellers from Good Food Awards.
Off the Grid: Picnic at the Presidio
Every Sunday April through October | 11 am to 4 pm
Main Parade Ground, The Presidio, SF
FREE2014 Featured Vendors & Activities
Lineups may change from week to week. Check Facebook for updates.Tents
- Cholita Linda
- Chotto
- Cochon Volant
- Del Popolo
- El Porteno
- Fine and Rare
- Grilled Cheese Guy
- Nopalito
- Peter's Kettle Corn
- Rosamunde
- Salumeria
- Sugarfoot Grits
- The Creme Brulee Cart
- The Whole Beast
- Tout Sweet
- Wing Wings Fried Chicken
- Wise Sons
- Fins on the Hoof
- Go Streatery
- Kasa Indian
- Little Green Cyclo
- Old World Food Truck
- Three Twins
- Bubble Bar
- Presidio Bar (cocktails and beer)
- Mobile Bar Cart
- Cocktail features for 2014
> Beer Kit: 5 bottles of beer
> Mimosa Kit: Bottle of Cava, pint of juice (orange or papaya)
> Bloody Mary Kit for 5 drinks, jar of artisanal pickles, hot sauce and ice
> Picnic Specialty Drink: Frozen MimosasActivities
- Sports Basement (including bocce ball, horseshoes, and croquet and kites for flying) – FREE
- The Pad Studios (yoga) – By donation
- FitMob – FREE
- City Cornhole monthly tournaments – FREE
- Presidio YMCA (Learn to Ride program) – FREE
- Home Sweet Flowers
- K-9 Unit
- The Butler's Pantry
- Hapax Bakery


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"oh no!! the loaf is turned out very brown after 30 min so i turned the heat down to 120. i havn't tasted it yet but it smells delicious. i also forgot to greese the pan. and i didn't have a glass container. i hope it comes out well."


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Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by redpoppy215 (My Page) on Mon, Nov 23, 09 at 9:59
Oh my! That looks to me like a lovely antique set that was 'cottage painted' back in the 1960's or so... I suspect that painting destroyed a lot of the antique value, but it's charming in a shabby chic way. However I'm not the antiques expert here, so I'll watch to see what they say. |
- Posted by redpoppy215 (My Page) on Mon, Nov 23, 09 at 14:01
So you think originally it would have had a wood finish? Looks like the whole set has been painted at least twice - at least there seems to be another layer of a cream paint under the top layer. Also, at one time the embellishments were painted. One both the dresser and bed, there are little hints of red and pink peeking through on the petals, slights bits of blue on the ribbons, and evidence of green on the leaves. Thanks for the response, sweeby! |
- Posted by deadpoetnj (My Page) on Mon, Nov 23, 09 at 16:40
I don't have an answer, but I do have a comment. Your bed and dresser are VERY nice. I am not usually into anything even slightly ornate, but there is something about it. The bed is especially nice. I hope someone can help provide information about it. Good luck with your search for answers. |
- Posted by sombreuil_mongrel (My Page) on Mon, Nov 23, 09 at 17:29
All of the applied ornament looks to me like it's made of composition (compo for short) a mix of wood flour, a filler, and glue pressed into a mold. I'm guessing that it was painted originally. Compo ornament can also be stained, although not convincingly unless grain lines are painted on. It's a leathery dull brownish color naturally. Compo is very difficult to strip because it's sensitive to heat and all chemicals, especially water. Casey |
I have to agree with DeadPoet -- That's certainly not my style -- but there's a certain quality to the design that makes me really like this particular set. In other words -- I really like this one. But if I set out to find one like it, the overwhelming majority of sets other people think are 'similar' would probably make me want to gag. But this set works. I did notice the under layer of paint -- And I guess it's possible it was painted originally. Why not? |
This looks similar to my bedroom set from around 1955. My set was cream colored and the decorative basket was a pale green with pink and blue flowers. I had twin beds, though, plus a night stand and the dresser. You're right; it's very heavy furniture. |
It's a very lovely turn of the century demi corbeille bed with matching dresser. Most likely was originally painted a cream, I think the pink on the flowers was added. It has obviously been repainted. From what I have seen, I think the original was a cream....and someone added the pink and someone else added the present off white. It's very very nice!!! I wish it had not been painted....but even it it's present state is a great set. This is where "Chabby Chic" originated.... Don't let anyone talk you intos tripping and refinishign it. Linda C |
- Posted by redpoppy215 (My Page) on Tue, Nov 24, 09 at 20:21
Thank you all for the responses and nice comments! I admit that I never paid much attention to this set while growing up, but I've really come to appreciate it over the past 10 years - and not just because it's all I've had to sleep on. =) So, Linda, you would guess this set to be about 100 years old, then? And, about it being a demi corbeille bed - most of the beds i've seen marked "corbeille" are upholstered. Are non-upholstered corbeille beds less common? What would make it "demi corbeille" as opposed to "corbeille"? A couple other questions for those with more furniture knowledge than me (not hard to do): I've seen somewhat similar sets called "French". Does that mean this would have been made in France, or is it a reproduction of a French style? Would it be accurate to call this Louis XVI style? i see a lot of similarities to, say the legs of this bench. Or perhaps Directoire style? I see some similarities there, too. |
Here is a link that might be useful: This bed has some of the same details, and is described as being Louis XVI, and made in 1910.
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Hopping atop cute cupcakes, these rabbits are ones you'll want to multiply. You can decorate a big batch in no time, especially if you buy already made cupcakes.
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If you're short on time, purchase marshmallow bunnies to place on cupcakes.
Halloween Cupcake Trio
Fun with Santa Cookies
Chocolate Strawberry Cake with Fluffy Frosting
The Great Pumpkin Cake
Easy Pumpkin Spice Cookies
Cookies and Cream Cupcakes


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Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of Diversity Week (1994–2014)
Kick-off Celebration
Noon to 1 p.m., Castle Board Room
We will salute the visionary behind Diversity Week, the Honorable Cylenthia LaToye Miller, '96, who collaborated with various student organizations in 1994 to promote the importance of diversity at the Law College.
Michael Lawrence, professor, MSU Law
Panel – U.S. Citizenship: An Illusory Concept?
Noon to 1 p.m., Castle Board Room
Jeanette Lugo, 2L, Diversity Consortium member, MSU Law
Tiffani Darden, professor, MSU Law
Matthew Fletcher, professor, MSU Law
Veronica Thronson, professor, MSU Law
Panel – Coming to America: Undocumented Youth, Immigration, and the U.S. Constitution
6:00 to 7:30 p.m., Castle Board Room
Adrienne Shergill, 2L, Asian Pacific American Law Student Association member, MSU Law
Lauren R. Aronson, teaching fellow, Immigration Law Clinic, MSU Law
Diego Bonesatti, Michigan United
LaShawn Erby, Michigan United
Frank Ravitch, professor, MSU Law
Panel – We are Family: LGBT Adoption in Michigan
Noon to 1 p.m., Room 473
Denise Brogan-Kator, senior legislative council, Family Equality Council
Jane A. Bassett, attorney, Bassett & Associates
Film – Fruitvale Station
7:30 to 9:30 p.m., Castle Board Room
Slavery to Freedom: An American Odyssey
Noon to 1 p.m., Castle Board Room
John Seigenthaler, journalist and editor, assistant and advisor to Attorney Robert F. Kennedy, government liaison to Freedom Riders
Panel – A Circle of Courage: Reaching and Representing Youth
6 to 7 p.m., Castle Board Room
Kathryn Larlee, 3L, Spartan Youth Advocacy Society member, MSU Law
Angelia Naquayouma, 3L, Native American Law Student Association member, MSU Law
John Seita, professor, MSU School of Social Work
Lori Strom, coordinator, MSU Family Resource Center
Diversity Week Concludes
Visit Black Law Students Association (BLSA) members in the Law College lobby during Diversity Week to register for Detroit Partnership Day (March 29, 2014) and learn how you can serve your community through local, national, and international non-profit organizations.
Visit www.law.msu.edu/diversity for the most up-to-date event information.
Sponsors: Diversity Consortium, Multicultural Executive Council, Student Bar Association, Office of Graduate and International Programs, Office of Student Engagement, MSU College of Osteopathic Medicine
Hosts: Asian Pacific American Law Student Association, Black Law Students Association, Capital Punishment Seminar Film Series, Law Students for Reproductive Justice, Spartan Youth Advocacy Society, Triangle Bar Association
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Very small SUVs are the next big trend in the car business and this Lexus concept explores that potential for Toyota's luxury brand. The front end features a particularly aggressive, maybe even scary, interpretation of the brand's trademark "spindle grill." It's powered by a new version of the Lexus Hybrid Drive system tuned for performance, according to Toyota.
NEXT: BMW i8


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Strawberry & French Vanilla Cream Spa Pedicure
Recipe (change your flavor when desired) 1. Soak the client's feet in French Vanilla Spa Soak & Body Wash in warm water 2. Leaving the Mask on, apply Strawberry Cream Foot Scrub to the bottom of the feet to smooth rough areas. For better results, use your foot file. Rinse and pat dry. … Return Doc
Point, get into the shower and give your body a quick rinse with just water (no soap), and towel dry yourself off. 2. Tub Soak. If you don't feel like taking a tub bath, lose the shoes and plop your feet in a foot soak. … Retrieve Here
13 Wonderful Ways To Use Epsom Salts – Epsom Salt: Epsom …
Foot soak: Soothe aches, remove odors and soften rough skin with a foot soak. Add 1/2 cup of epsom salt to a large pan of warm water. Soak feet for as long as it feels right. Rinse and dry. Citric Acid is a key ingredient, along with Sodium Bicarbonate, for bath fizzies (recipe … View Document
Best Foot Forward – Best Foot Forward But Problems With feet …
Make this aromatic recipe a treat for your feet feet in the basin and soak for about . 10 minutes. 4. Take a scoop of the salt mixture and rub it over feet and calves, concentrating on callused areas. 5. Rinse feet with warm water, dry Best Foot Forward But problems with feet don't stop at … Fetch Here
Salt Scrub Recipe – How To Make Your Own Salt Scrub
So now you're ready to use your home-made salt scrub — once a week is plenty. Here's how to give yourself a salt scrub at home. This recipe should get you through three salt scrubs. … Read Article
06/24/2007: Lena From Seattle, Washington Writes: Epsom Salt …
06/24/2007: Lena from Seattle, Washington writes: "Epsom salt foot baths really work for sore throats. Soak your feet in a tub of water with about a cup of epsom salts, hot as you tomatoes, turbo spinach and potatoes, shampoo, epsom shampoo recipe. … Return Document
How To Make Bath Salts – Bath Salts Recipes
Showers rather than long luxurious bathsbut the times when we do want to take a long soak Different Kinds of Salts to Use; Epsom Salts and Dry Skin Invigorating Fook Soak Bath Salts Recipe … Read Article
How To Take Care Of Your Feet : Feet Soaking Methods & Tips …
Learn how to soak your feet for a home pedicure and get expert tips and advice on ensuring clean and beautiful, and healthy feet in this free 3:48 Watch Later Error Hand and Foot Scrub | Recipe | Video | Veria Living by veriawellness 34,708 views … View Video
Maryland Foot & Ankle Restoration, LLC
You will need to keep your foot dry for 24 Both methods allow you to walk on your feet daily and use Amerigel Kit or soak foot in warm Epsom salt water for 15 minutes with bandage on (1st time only). Soak twice daily for 15 minutes for 2 weeks or until your post operative check up. 5. Recipe for … View This Document
Aromatherapy Recipes
Mix and soak fingertips for 10 minutes. Tub and Shower Scrub This recipe helps to remove and prevent mold and mildew Spray on and wipe surface dry. Freshens countertops, stovetops and ready for a refreshing foot bath. Soak sore and tired feet in this … Get Doc
Sandals And Sangria Foot Party
recipe to share with your hostess: 1 Part Spanish Brandy remainder of towel is available to wipe wet feet. 2. Foot Soaks using DETOX SEA SOAK: Remove bags and rinse feet. Have guests dry feet. … Retrieve Here
From Our Kitchen To Yours
Soak feet in warm water. Add a half cup of dry organic milk powder to the soak and run the pedispa's jets for a short (As long as you use equal parts of each, the recipe works.) Service Idea: Strawberries & Cream Foot Treatment Strawberries & Cream Foot Treatment 1. Soak feet in … View Doc
From The AROMATHERAPY RECIPE FILES May 2008 Issue
AROMATHERAPY RECIPE FILES May 2008 Issue Welcome to Birch This wonderful foot soak will help your feet feel rejuvenated water, swish around and then soak your feet for at least 15 minutes. After words wash your feet with a mild soap, rinse and dry OR just wipe them dry … Visit Document
Soft Beautiful Feet
feet is something not everyone is privileged to have, but you can, with daily foot care. Soak your feet for 15-20 minutes. Rinse, and dry your feet well. Apply lotion or cream once your feet have dried a bit. … Access Doc
Natural Beauty Recipes You Can Make At Home Http …
A similar natural beauty recipe is this refreshing flower-based foot soak. Soak your feet in the mixture for ten minutes, then rinse and pat to dry. … Retrieve Here
Introducing Satin Footsteps
Then soak your feet in a tub of hottest possible water for at least 5 minutes. • Rinse, pat feet dry, and apply a generous amount of Energizing Foot & Leg Treatment to feet and Refresh feet with this easy-to-fix recipe. Place sliced cucumbers, zesty mint leaves and flower … Document Retrieval
Wikipedia:Reference Desk/Archives/Miscellaneous/2007 November …
It is very hard for me to predict how my feet will react to new shoes as the of the breaking in is accomplished very early on, but if you persist with foot technique I've heard about is to walk in a lake or river until the boots soak through, then continue walking around in them until they dry. … Read Article
Chocolate Spa Recipe S
Chocolate Spa Recipe s These recipes are used as part of our Death By Chocolate Murder Additional items: foot basin, hand towel & nail polish Soak feet for 10 minutes, rinse, Pat dry and then massage … Access This Document
Why Do feet Sometimes Smell Bad? How Can Black Tea Help …
That our feet spend most days trapped inside shoes and socks, and you've got the perfect recipe for foot odor. The most effective way to combat foot odor is to keep them dry, but an ultra-relaxing black tea soak can Step 6: Dry feet and apply foot powder to maintain the … View Document
Soak your feet in the clay water, setting your timer. Take a lesser amount of the clay for the foot bath and less time having the feet in the water. warm), covering with plastic wrap and hot towels and covered with dry towels to keep … Fetch Document


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Digi-Key's library of more than 2000 exclusive PTM Online… On Demand® product training modules is a collection of training tools created with you – the busy design engineer – in mind. They are provided with the cooperation of participating supplier partners. From this one source, you can learn about the latest products and technologies, download datasheets, check inventory, contact our technical staff, and place an order for same-day shipment.
These modules are available in audio and non-audio formats and listed by supplier in easy-to-find alphabetical order. Simply locate the module that interests you and click on your format of choice. We hope you find these tools useful, and with new modules added continuously, we invite you to stop back often to see what's new.
Product Training Modules Online...On Demand® is a registered trademark of Digi-Key Corporation.
This tutorial will provide an overview of EPCOS miniaturized current sense transformers and discuss their features and benefits. Additionally, part selection guides, formulas, and potential applications will be highlighted.
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- East Bay College Fund's college graduation rate is over 80%– outstanding for this demographic where the national average is below 30%
- Over 90% of our current Scholars are persisting to graduation.
77 College graduates, the majority of whom are giving back to the community
276 total Great Expectations Awards granted to date (over $4 million in scholarships)
175+ College students served each year: 75% attend a UC or CSU; 21% attend private colleges
of our Scholars demonstrate incredible resiliency, having overcome multiple hardships including: community and/or family violence, financial hardship, homelessness, care-taking responsibilities, lack of role models.
Students come from 21 Oakland public high schools, the majority of which rank among the lowest in the state.


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Japanese technology behemoth, Sony Inc., has filed a patent for a new form of disc tagging technology that could create the ability to prevent games from being played on more than one version of the console. This spells bad news for gamers who will be prevented from playing pre-owned games on their PS4. The technology tags discs with information such as whether the game has been played on another device, therefore suppressing second sales and purchases.
"As a technique to suppress the second-hand sales and purchase, a user may be first required to send a password or the like to a remote authentication server from a reproduction device (game player) via the Internet and the reproduction of content may be permitted only for the device that has succeeded in authentication.
"However, where the reproduction device is not connected to the Internet, use of the content cannot be controlled. Also, where the connection to the Internet is an absolute requirement, user's convenience may be significantly reduced. Besides, users may communicate to share the password between them and therefore the second-hand sales and purchase cannot be eliminated reliably." said a Sony Spokesperson.
The patent filing states "In view of the foregoing problems described above, according to the present embodiment, a recording medium and a radiofrequency (RF) tag storing the terms of use (use condition) are included in the same packet (package) of electronic content…." Proposed is an electronic content processing system where a usage mode of the electronic content is determined based on whether a reproduction entity, such as a reproduction device or user of the electronic content fulfils the use condition or not.
"According to the present embodiment, realized is the electronic content processing system that reliably restricts the use of electronic content dealt in the second-hand markets. As a result, the dealing of electronic content in the second-hand markets is suppressed, which in turn supports the redistribution of part of proceeds from sales of the electronic content to the developers."
Sony also asserts that development of electronic content is expensive and that it is important to distribute proceeds of sales to the studios while also stating that authentication systems requiring constant internet access are inconvenient to the consumer, while offline measures fail to tackle the problem.
Sony will reportedly reveal their next-generation console at an event prior to this year's E3 Gaming Expo.
News from digital spy
Contributed by Kartik Raju


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How To Wear Invisible Part LACE Wig
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How to wear Invisible Part LACE wig
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