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An All-Consuming Hunger
Announcing the Latest Asylum Pack for Call of Cthulhu: The Card Game |
Call of Cthulhu LCG | Published 21 March 2011 |
She had no doubt she'd be better off dead than live to see whatever fate awaited her.
- From Grim Tests and Severe Consequences, part six of The Rituals of the Order, by Jeff Tidball
Fantasy Flight Games is pleased to announce the latest Asylum Pack for Call of Cthulhu: The Card Game, That Which Consumes!
That Which Consumes is the sixth and final chapter of The Rituals of the Order cycle, coming this summer. For more information on the design philosophy of this expansion cycle, be sure to read "Rituals of Power", an article written by the designer as an introduction to the series.
A Final Note
As Rituals of the Order has progressed to its conclusion in That Which Consumes, each of the eight factions of Call of Cthulhu has seen its core capabilities developed and strengthened while new strategies have been introduced. In That Which Consumes, this progression continues in the addition of a variety of surprising new effects. This includes powerful event cards for Shub-Niggurath, Hastur, and Yog-Sothoth, but it also includes looming threats for Cthulhu and Miskatonic University, in the form of a new Lunatic and some new Artifacts. That Which Consumes adds more uncertainty and chaos to Call of Cthulhu - just the thing for the mad adherents of Cthulhu!
The Mage Known as Magnus
That Which Consumes also features a special addition to the Call of Cthulhu metagame: a card designed by 2009 and 2010 World Champion Tom Capor*. The Mage Known as Magnus, a neutral Sorcerer with a compelling card ability, should be able to find a home in a number of competitive Call of Cthulhu decks. We hope to see The Mage Known as Magnus making the rounds at Call of Cthulhu Worlds at Gen Con 2011.
Existing strategies will be tested and interesting new modes will enter the Call of Cthulhu metagame through That Which Consumes.
The tale of Lucy Jennings also concludes in the serial tale by Jeff Tidball included in this Asylum Pack. Lucy must pass one final test and open the doorway to the Silver Twilight, or to oblivion.
In the world of Call of Cthulhu, the ground can give way at any time and threats seen and unseen loom at all times. Find out this summer what lies in wait...
* Tom Capor is the only player in the history of Call of Cthulhu to repeat as World Champion.
Based on the fiction of H.P. Lovecraft and his literary circle, Call of Cthulhu: The Card Game takes two players deep into the Cthulhu Mythos where investigators clash with the Ancient Ones and Elder Gods for the fate of the world. The Living Card Game format allows players to customize their gaming experience with monthly Asylum Pack expansions to the core game.
Nice job Tom, congratulations on your immortalization!


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{{ title }}
{{ link.name }}Mots-clés
The head of the M23 rebel military forces BrigadierGeneral Sultani... Photo d'actualité 156926229Armée,Assis,Conflit,Goma,Habitation,Horizontal,Rébellion,République démocratique du Congo,Sultani Makenga,TêtePhotographer AFPCollection: AFP 2013 AFPThe head of the M23 rebel military forces, Brigadier-General Sultani Makenga (R), sits on November 25, 2012 in the yard of a military residence in Goma in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Over half a million people have been displaced in eastern Congo since the outbreak of the M23 rebellion. Diplomatic efforts continued on November 25 to resolve the crisis in eastern DR Congo, with an M23 rebel leader expected to hold further talks with President Joseph Kabila as the African Union called on the rebels to pull out from Goma. AFP PHOTO / PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images)

subset: commoncrawl


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Actually, it wasn't so bad. It was at least marginally better than your typical visit to a doctor's office. It went like this...
- Nurse Nancy asked us to recite our itinerary in great detail. Kinda fun.
- Nurse Nancy told us that half of the locations were perfectly safe and required no special immunizations. Yay!
- Nurse Nancy told us the other half would almost certainly leave us ending our trip with malaria, dengue fever, rabies and potentially a handful of other killer diseases. Crikey!
Perhaps it wasn't quite that bad, but by the time we were done getting "educated" we were a little concerned. The reality is that precaution is a good idea. We got a couple of shots (Jeff got four because he's not going to be in town for awhile!) and a prescription we must take a couple months before we leave. And those are just for the basics. We opted out of the really rare stuff.
This should leave us pretty well-protected from most semi-common threats (though according to Nurse Nancy, we're at serious risk of getting attacked by rabid man-eating monkeys in Cambodia).
Interestingly, the kids don't have to go to the doc until April. It turns out that the immunizations they already have for living in modern-world America pretty much do the trick for travelling the world. Go figure. They will each have to get a shot or two and participate in the prescription fun, but that's pretty small price to pay.
Total cost? Well Jeff is between insurance plans (long story) and the entire thing cost about $400 out-of-pocket for just him. More painful than the shots.


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Organix coconut milk anti-breakage hair serum - 4 oz
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Product descriptions and images presented on the site are for representational use only and do not constitute or substitute for medical information from your health care or medical professional. Information on this site is provided for informational purposes only. You should read carefully all on correct product packaging and follow the instructions. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, promptly contact your health care provider. Information and statements regarding dietary supplements on this site have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease and may be for commercial. Image shown for reference only. Actual item you recieve may differ from shown.


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Article ID: 329463 - View products that this article applies to. This article was previously published under Q329463 This article has been archived. It is offered "as is" and will no longer be updated. On This PageSYMPTOMS
After you install Windows XP, you may be notified that Windows has detected a new network device. This occurs the first time that the computer enters standby and then resumes.
Windows looks for the first device arrival notification. The first time that Windows receives this notification is after you resume the computer from standby.
RESOLUTIONService pack informationTo resolve this problem, obtain the latest service pack for Microsoft Windows XP. For additional information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:322389
How to obtain the latest Windows XP service packHotfix informationA supported hotfix is available from Microsoft. However, this hotfix is intended to correct only the problem that is described in this article. Apply this hotfix only to systems that are experiencing this specific problem. This hotfix might receive additional testing. Therefore, if you are not severely affected by this problem, we recommend that you wait for the next software update that contains this hotfix.If the hotfix is available for download, there is a "Hotfix download available" section at the top of this Knowledge Base article. If this section does not appear, contact Microsoft Customer Service and Support to obtain the hotfix. Note If additional issues occur or if any troubleshooting is required, you might have to create a separate service request. The usual support costs will apply to additional support questions and issues that do not qualify for this specific hotfix. For a complete list of Microsoft Customer Service and Support telephone numbers or to create a separate service request, visit the following Microsoft Web site: http://support.microsoft.com/contactus/?ws=support Note The "Hotfix download available" form displays the languages for which the hotfix is available. If you do not see your language, it is because a hotfix is not available for that language.
The English version of this fix has the file attributes (or later) that are listed in the following table. The dates and times for these files are listed in coordinated universal time (UTC). When you view the file information, it is converted to local time. To find the difference between UTC and local time, use the Time Zone tab in the Date and Time tool in Control Panel.
Date Time Version Size File name ---------------------------------------------------------- 15-Oct-2002 18:08 5.1.2600.1130 1,630,720 Netshell.dll 15-Oct-2002 18:08 5.1.2600.1125 56,832 Wzcdlg.dll 15-Oct-2002 18:08 5.1.2600.1125 23,552 Wzcsapi.dll 15-Oct-2002 18:08 5.1.2600.1125 264,192 Wzcsvc.dll STATUSMicrosoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed at the beginning of this article. This problem was first corrected in Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2. MORE INFORMATION
Before you install this hotfix, you receive notification if you insert a new network adapter in the computer. After you install the hotfix, Netshell no longer listens for Plug and Play device arrival notifications. Therefore, you are not notified about new devices.
PropertiesArticle ID: 329463 - Last Review: January 12, 2015 - Revision: 2.6


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
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"I have tried soooooo many bread recipes and this has got to be one of the best!! It is very light and yummy. I didn't change a thing and I wouldn't dare. I made 1 loaf of bread and I used the other half of dough to make cinnimon rolls. They were also great. Thank you for sharing your recipe, it's my new favorite for bread."


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Ella!
Facts about Ella
- Breed: Labrador Retriever/Pit Bull Terrier Mix
- Color: Black
- Age: Young
- Size: Med. 26-60 lbs (12-27 kg)
- Sex: Female
Ella's Info...
I am already spayed, housetrained, and up to date with shots.
Ella is a sweet pup who hands out lots of kisses to those she meets, especially kids....she loves kids a lot!! She came from a situation where she didn't get a lot of attention so now she really wants all the attention you will give. Her foster family is working on her basic obedience and she is coming along nicely. She gets along with other dogs but is sometimes a bit exuberant for the more quiet ones and she really wants to play with the cats, even if they don't want to play. Ella is crate trained and just very, very sweet!
Other Pets at Happy Tails Happy Homes
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Ella, a Bellingham Labrador Retriever/Pit Bull Terrier dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Labrador Retriever/Pit Bull Terrier for sale in Bellingham, or seeking a Labrador Retriever/Pit Bull Terrier dog from a breeder in Bellingham.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in Bellingham already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a Bellingham breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even Labrador Retriever/Pit Bull Terrier breeders who help with Labrador Retriever/Pit Bull Terrier rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in Bellingham paves the way for another one to be saved.


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Nobody is perfect!
I'll be the first to admit that I'm not perfect. No, it's true! (But please don't tell my wife and destroy her perception). I swear too much and have bad habits too numerous to mention but none of them, now I'm middle-aged, include driving or riding in a manner that is likely to cause danger to others or myself.
My commute to work is about 28km of a few rolling hills and one nasty one towards the end, with both pedestrian crossing and traffic intersection lights on the ascent and, in Spring, a particularly aggressive magpie. But the first part of the journey isn't too bad. There have been a few occasions where cars and trucks have come too close for comfort but none like there was this morning.
The incident which increased the heart rate above 135bpm at about 6.50am yesterday occurred on a roundabout at Petrie (ignore the date/time stamp on the recording). Travelling south in Beeville Road the road widens from one lane plus a parking lane to two lanes (with no parking lane), the left most of which is signed for traffic to exit on Dayboro Road towards Strathpine. The right lane is for traffic going straight ahead into a housing sub-division or right on Dayboro Road towards Youngs Crossing Road intersection or past there to Dayboro. Approaching the roundabout Beeville Road bends slightly to the right and as it widens to two lanes I checked back and saw a silver four wheel drive a short distance back, still climbing the hill. I signalled my intent to turn right and – for reasons of safety – positioned myself in the left lane whilst continuing to signal right with an outstretched arm letting traffic on the roundabout pass in front. I then moved onto the chevrons to the left of the edge line and continued to ride towards Dayboro Road still with my right arm signalling my intended course. So, considering I had signalled heaps more than many other cyclists tend to do I was a bit shocked to find the silver four wheel drive, a Mitsubishi Pajero Queensland registration 692ITY drive straight in front of me into the Petrie-on-Pine estate. But as he/she had signalled their intent (note flashing indicator) to turn into this road then their wanton disregard for other traffic can be forgiven. Apparently. But as my name is not Jesus I decline to forgive and so you shall have your 15 minutes of fame.
Some forty minutes later, and still marvelling at my good fortune of almost meeting the courteous Pajero driver, my disappointment in the attitudes of some Brisbane road users continued. On Old Northern Road/South Pine Road at Everton Park, just after the intersection with Dargie Street, the traffic starts to back up to a standstill. For some unknown reason drivers are unable to position their cars on the road to allow cyclists to pass safely on the left, so many cyclists, myself included, pick the safest option which is to ride between the two lines of traffic (see, I told you I wasn't perfect!) until the space on the left increases . Unfortunately, just after the intersection with Stafford Road the entire scenario is replicated on the approach to where South Pine Road becomes Wardell Street. This is a long, straight stretch with an appalling road surface and camber on the left of the southbound lanes. The road passes Mt Maria College and so is in a school zone. Now traffic is so heavy here that speeding is not an issue but right outside the main entrance to the school is a pedestrian crossing controlled by traffic lights. So you would think that when riding along through stopped cars and trucks, which are stopped because the lights were RED, that you would err on the side of caution and stop too or at least slow to a crawl pending their change to green. But, no! Apparently if you are a cyclist then that ridiculous rule shouldn't apply to you. So a big round of applause to Mr "Lend Lease" for doing the wrong thing at a red light and giving Brisbane drivers more anti-cyclist ammunition. And a dollar to the swear jar for me for calling him a fuckwit.
But it didn't end there. A bit further on Mr "Lend Lease", like me, took an exit to a back street next to the Enoggera train station. Due to a blind corner at the bottom of the off-ramp the intersection is controlled by a stop sign. The big question for users of this intersection during the morning rush hour is whether there is a police officer on the other side, just out of sight, but in possession of a video camera filming the evidence before he issues the $300 fine. Lucky for Mr "Lend Lease" there wasn't since he (and the driver following) made no attempt to stop.
I eventually caught up with Mr "Lend Lease" when he stopped for the lights at the Samford Road / Enoggera Road intersection (this one is a bit busier and so perhaps he didn't feel so brave). I told him he was doing some wonderful things to enhance the reputation of Brisbane cyclists in his disobedience of the red light and the stop sign and called him a tool (no more money for the swear jar!). I must have hit a nerve because he reacted and told me in no uncertain terms to worry about myself.
And their lies the root of the problem because I do worry about myself when riding, especially during rush hour. All the time. I worry that some cranky motorist who has seen other cyclists ignore the road rules will give me less room because, well, I must be a road-rule flouting cyclist like Mr "Lend Lease". I worry that some cyclist-hating driver will report his sighting of the behaviour of those Mr "Lend Lease" types and give fuel to the anti-cyclist vitriol published ad nauseum in the Courier Mail. I worry that my wife and kids will one day receive a visit from a workmate with the news that I won't be home for dinner. Ever. But I also worry that one day I might be the one that has to deliver similar news to the family of cyclists like Mr "Lend Lease".
P.S. Unfortunately there appears to be an issue in the uploading of videos 2 & 4 in that the sound is out of synch to the files held on my hard drive.
P.P.S. If you are a manager from Lend Lease (offices at Waterfront Place in Brisbane) and you recognise this fool as one of your employees I most strongly recommend you "educate" him in setting the right example when riding on the road. Alternatively you could recommend he doesn't provide such negative advertising to your brand.


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About | Projects | Docs | Forums | Lists | Bugs | Get Gentoo! | Support | Planet | Wiki
On Sat, Sep 17, 2011 at 2:16 AM, Joost Roeleveld <joost@...> wrote:

 Except that Redhat and Centos use LVM by default. Which will also mean that
 "simple users" also end up using LVM.
 Then again, they also end up with an initr* and a generic kernel for
 everything under the sun.
 I haven't properly looked at the kernel-configs from redhat lately, but I
 don't think they include all the possible hardware options be default?

The typical mainstream binary distro approach is to:

1. Build every module under the sun that won't cause more support headaches than benefits.

2. Build a really smart initramfs that can find root whether it is on raid, lvm, luks, or on a SAN behind luks and a VPN (ok, I'm stretching it a little).

3. Deploy that on everything.

With an initramfs you can essentially build a completely modular kernel, since the kernel can rely on any module it wishes right from the start. However, once the initramfs is done the kernel is still a minimal size since unused modules don't occupy space (the initramfs wipes itself out of ram as its last step, unless in a debug mode).

Sure, the fancy initramfs takes work, but since the install image is one-size-fits-all it is less maintenance in the long haul. Plus you can replace your motherboard and still boot the same drive image. The downside is that it might take an extra second or two to boot, but dracut is pretty fast.

Honestly, if I were running a server setup I'd probably consider using an intiramfs. They're a lot less susceptible to being messed up if for whatever reason the drives get re-ordered in the BIOS (root=UUID, or with LVM the device names can usually be trusted). I once booted off of a rescue CD that for whatever reason changed the major numbers assigned to my raid devices and for a while I could never predict what /dev/md# my root would end up with. That is what started my quest to get dracut working, which I'll continue whenever git.kernel.org is back up...

Rich

Updated Jun 29, 2012
Summary: Archive of the gentoo-dev mailing list.
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About | Projects | Docs | Forums | Lists | Bugs | Get Gentoo! | Support | Planet | Wiki
Hi there, On Mon, Dec 19, 2005 at 07:59:55PM +0100, Fabian Braennstroem wrote: > I wonder if anybody could install openmodelica and salome > using any ebuild? > > The page for modelica: > http://www.ida.liu.se/~pelab/modelica/OpenModelica.html > > I saw some discussions about salome, but I am not sure if > there exists any ebuild yet!? You can file an enhancement request on http://bugs.gentoo.org and try to write an ebuild for those packages http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/devrel/handbook/handbook.xml?part=2&chap=1 http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/ebuild-submit.xml Since there are more people who want to have packages in the portage tree than people who can integrate and maintain them, the sci herd currently has about 175 open enhancement requests waiting, dating back more than two years. But don't be afraid, they are not processed in chronological order. So if you can tell what makes these packages so special and important there's the chance some developer will have a look at them. HTH, Patrick
Updated Jun 17, 2009
Summary: Archive of the gentoo-science mailing list.
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As Treasurer of AAMFT, I feel a responsibility to set the record straight with regard to the compensation and salary review policy and process for our Association. I would like to state unequivocally that I believe the compensation processes and levels, specifically for our Executive Director, are appropriate for the responsibilities, tenure, and geographical setting of our staff and our Association. In addition, our external auditors regularly review our compensation practices and levels, and confirm that they are usual and customary for organizations like ours. The policies that guide the compensation/contract committee for AAMFT in determining the salary and benefits of the Executive Director are as follows: In doing its work, the Committee shall review relevant data that shows compensation trends and profiles for Executive Directors in the Washington DC, area, for associations similar to the profile of AAMFT. The Committee shall consider the evaluation process and conclusions of the AAMFT Board regarding Executive Director/organizational performance, Executive Director tenure, and other relevant matters in making adjustments to the Executive Director's compensation. The Committee may not deviate materially from the geographic or professional market for the skills employed, without instruction from the Board.
The Committee follows these processes in a number of ways. First, we rely on the counsel of one of the best independent analysis firms for Executive Compensation in the country: The American Research Company (www.americanresearchco.com.) AAMFT participates in surveys and receives reports from this firm on a routine basis. Second, every few years the American Society of Association Executives (ASAE) publishes reports on compensation, not only for chief executives, but for various levels of association staff, that are referenced when current and available. Third, as noted above, external auditors review AAMFT finances annually. This audit includes a review of contracts. There is no question that compensation levels for executives of national associations in the Washington, DC area are different than that of family therapists. At the same time, we must remember that the Executive Director of AAMFT is responsible for a multi-million dollar budget with broad ranging programming, managing a staff structure and benefits, advocacy initiatives, and all laws, regulations, filings and pertaining to these activities. In addition, he is responsible for the oversight and management of a multi-million dollar headquarters building, housing not only our Association staff, but also additional tenants. Further, as our Board has reviewed the compensation levels for organizations directly similar to ours, with whom our members would most likely be familiar, we find that our Executive staff is in the lower to middle ranges of compensation for comparable positions in comparable organizations. I trust that this information will provide members with confidence in our Board and Contract Committee's thoughtfulness and diligence concerning these matters. Douglas Sprenkle, Ph.D. AAMFT Treasurer, 2008-2010


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Sun, Dec 18, 11 at 19:01
Back in March of 2011 I attended the International Orchid Show at Longwood Gardens. That was my first show and my oh my was it amazing to see so many different orchids in one place. Anyways, I purchased a Seidenfadenia Mitrata from Ooi Leng Sun Orchids because it was cool how the orchid hung upside down. Well for the last nine months the only thing that has happened is 2 new roots grew from the crown and nothing else. The roots only grew out about an inch and nothing more. Ive searched all over the internet and cant find any useful information on care or maintaining this orchid. I have the orchid mounted to hickory bark with moss. I live in South Central PA and I mist the moss 2 times a day. The realitive humidity at this time of the year in my home is around 60% and I keep the temp at 70. Any help would be greatly appreciated. |
Follow-Up Postings:
Gorgeous orchid. Have a look at the entry in Jays Species Orchid site and google the Synonym Aerides mitrata. |
I have been growing the mitrata (pink) and mitrata (alba) for many years now. They don't seem to need any special conditions; one is bareroot mounted on cork and the other just hanging bareroot from a wire hook. Humidity runs 50-60% on the average but can be higher or lower. Temps 60-85F depending on season. Bright indirect light. Fertilized when I remember. The plants put out their spikes here in March and bloom in April, generally. Good luck with your plant. |
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Kevin (so hard not to call him "Slick" any longer…) + I hit up Midtown's Street Food Thursday in our 'hood yesterday afternoon.
It always reminds me a little of my beloved Austin to see the trucks crammed together in Midtown like one big food truck trailer park of deliciousness.
One truck, in particular, caught my eye yesterday: WOW! Food Truck.
We got in line + in a flash of pre-ordering online due diligence, I found out that the WOW! Food Truck is Atlanta's first truck specializing in Venezuelan arepas. (Then, I had to look up "arepas." Don't judge…) They are savory grilled corn cakes stuffed with slow roasted meats. WOW! is also known for their delicious donuts which Creative Loafing listed on their Top 100 Bucket List . Okay, yes yes yes! I was ready to eat.
Here's a glimpse at their menu:
And here's the full Q+DD on the WOW! Food Truck:
Once upon a time, several years ago, Wendy Cross was visiting her brother (yep – that brother!) in NYC. She asked him where she could go to get a quick bite that was really good but wouldn't break the bank. He quickly replied that there was an arepa bar around the corner and she should check it out. After realizing that the word "arepa" wasn't some sort of sophomoric attempt of him being funny, she found herself at the little restaurant eating her first arepa. "WOW! These are amazing" were the first words exclaimed after her first bite. Wendy wondered…why isn't anyone making these in Atlanta?!! She knew at that moment it would be her mission to bring these wonderful savory stuffed corn cakes to her peeps in the ATL. Now, all she needed to do was find a restaurant to partner with so she could bring her arepa food truck dreams to fruition.
After interviewing several restaurateurs, she knew that the girls at Duck's Cosmic Kitchen in Decatur would be the perfect match. Their dedication to using only the freshest ingredients, making everything from scratch, and not owning a microwave won her over. Wendy started to sell her arepas as a special at the restaurant while the truck was getting ready for its big debut, and after selling out the first day, they knew they were onto something good, and the rest as they say, is history!
I happen to love that story. And also, the truck has a pretty serious paint job that I found super impressive…
Frankly, all of the menu looked interesting to me, but I was on a mission to try an arepa + a shrimp cake.
From left to right:
Chicken Sofrito Arepa: savory Venezuelan griddled corn cakes stuffed with slow roasted meats + topped with their famous creamy cilantro jalapeno "kicky" sauce.
Crispy Shrimp Cakes: panko-crusted, perfectly seasoned shrimp cakes served with "kicky" sauce alongside organic stone ground cheese grits.
Kevin and I couldn't believe how delicious they both were! And, really filling, too, for very little $$$. We are going back next week for more. Why can't it be Midtown Street Food Monday – Friday??
If WOW! is that good, I can't wait to see what Duck's is all about…
WOW! Food Truck on Facebook!
WOW! Food Truck on Twitter!
WOW! Food Truck on the Internets…
WOW! Food Truck's Menu – Yum!
Find it. Try it. Trust.
xx, L
WOW! Food Truck
Location Varies
Tags: ,clean plate club, comfort food, don't judge, Food Trucks, I'm just saying..., Kevin!, LMR, midtown mavens, Recessionistas, Texas Texas yeehaw!, Things that are awesome..., things that are hysterical, You Can Find Me in the A, Yowza.
Categories: Midtown,On the Street,Where we're Eating
2 Responses to ""
Duck's is awesome. I highly recommend it!


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We have a Bryant 90 Plus-I efficient/gas/furnace installed December 2002 Installation included a 10yr parts and labor. The furnace power is supplied via a 20amp GFCI breaker in main box. This line includes a Washer/dryer outlet (next to furnace - no washer dryer installed); and a Watts Hot Water Recirculation pump connected to the Electric Water Heater - with the Recirc Pump plugged into the Outlet hanging off the furnace via a small digital timer. There is also an electronic Air Filter bolted up to the furnace - which has it's power coming off the furnace. We supplied the Elec. Air Filter - company installed it/ but it would not be included in 10 yr warranty... Problem: The GFCI breaker has taken to 'nuisance' tripping. (GFCI's are NOT a nuisance!) You never know when this is going to happen. You realize it as the house starts getting colder. Go down, and reset the furnace breaker... At first this seemed to have more of a tendency to happen when it was somewhat Windy. And so I ignored it - puzzling and considering... Now it has been becoming much more frequent - sometimes happening twice in one day; and so I temporarily added a street elbow to the furnace exhaust vent making it face downward - so that it was not facing into the wind. No effect. Breaker blew again last evening; (which I reset this morning) and now again a little later today... I am the one who Rewired this entire house. I haven't as yet replaced the GFCI breaker - but I can easily do that. And will. (I have a spare) to see if that makes any difference. I can also Unplug the timer (for recirc pump) from outlet; and see if that does it... Looking for ideas and suggestions. If I removed the breaker; and put in a GFCI outlet at the washer/dryer outlet - I could then feed the furnace with no GFCI protection - but this is just covering up a potentially life threatening problem; and not fixing it... This configuration has been working FINE for some years. I've just finally finished a major remodel of this house, and we are getting ready to sell it. Once you sell it; no warranty (except for Heat Exchanger) on furnace. Started the remodel around the time of the furnace install... The 'basement' is completely finished; and wiring is no longer easily accessible. If people know some stuff about furnaces, etc. Any good ideas would be appreciated. One of my major problems is that if I call in the Furnace Company to repair it - what do they do?? Furnace is working. The breaker going off just happens at random times. Several days apart sometimes. It is becoming more frequent. But it has so far ALWAYS just reset. Furnace starts up and life goes on... The company isn't going to want and come on out and stand around looking at a working furnace - waiting for a billionth of a second problem causing the breaker to trip; and then you just reset the breaker and life is fine again... If replacing the breaker seems to stop the tripping - well and good. But if not - anyone have some ideas on how to accurately determine or what it probably would be going bad - in the furnace?? Dave. |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by woodbutcher_ca (My Page) on Sun, Apr 17, 11 at 20:23
Hi, Disconnect the furnace and if neccesary hook up an extension cord for it to another circuit. You may be able to do this to any thing on the GFI cicuit. Now sit back and relax time will tell you were the problem will be. Good Luck Woodbutcher |
You have a furnace supply(120v), a recirculating pump, and a filter all hooked to ONE GFCI? I am a bit confused as to how you rewired the house and have yet to troubleshoot an over loaded circuit. Unhook the recirculating pump and hook that into a seperate circuit. Then replace the GFCI with a standard 20A breaker, a furnace does not need to be on a GFCI circuit. |
- Posted by dave777_2009 (My Page) on Mon, Apr 18, 11 at 21:01
Handymac _ I'm somewhat puzzled as to why you would believe that a 5.75 amp total load (except when the blower initially starts we can momentarily reach 8.9) on a 20amp branch circuit - is overloaded?? This circuit was hooked up with permits; and signed off by the City. A Water recirc pump .25amps MAX. The Filter is .5 MAX. The Gas Furnace has a solid state logic control board; and of course a Blower. The max on the furnace at startup is 8.9amps. The furnace is not typically drawing 8.9... I rewired my entire house, adding numerous circuits, etc. by use of due diligence, the help of a friend who is an electrician; and by careful consideration of what particular loads would normally be seen on any given circuit. Oh yes - and supplying dedicated circuits like for the Refrig; Jacuzzi's etc. when the City and the Electrician stated Dedicated was required... BTW - I recently talked with my Electrician friend who now lives quite far away. He reminded me that a GFCI was not required for the Furnace. However - please note - I never stated it was! What was stated - was this setup has worked FINE - with NO problems for the last 6 years. NOW a problem has started. And yes, per your suggestion - I can remove the GFCI - and COVER UP the problem. I wasn't looking to cover up a problem. I was looking for possible info on an easy way to determine WHAT was now causing the problem. Is it the GFCI going bad? A component in the furnace failing? The recirc pump? The filter? I happen to like and appreciate the GFCI's. They work FINE on equipment which is not shorting to ground or to the outer surface.... I don't like the AFCI's so much... Since they tend to go off via Vacuum Cleaners, Treadmill's, some Refrigs, etc. And they are being required much more in remodels and new construction. Both are used to help save lives... But except for hanging some pictures on the wall, and stupidly putting a small nail into a wire - I'm not real sure why a vacuum cleaner has to be plugged into a AFCI circuit. But since code is requiring AFCI's to be used in a lot more places... Possibly you might have some more constructive info on how to determine what specific item is dying and going bad. Woodbutcher's response was informative. I thought - gee - I should have already have thought of that. And I was planning on acting on his suggestion. D. |
- Posted by dave777_2009 (My Page) on Tue, Apr 26, 11 at 16:01
WoodButcher - Thanks very much for your suggestion. After isolating the circuit (removing the furnace supply wires) from the junction/switch box... I used a plug-in (For tools/extension cords) ground fault supply cord; and routed power to the furnace. I also had the Electronic Filter turned OFF. Furnace trips the GFCI... So, I have now isolated the cause. As previous stated - furnace has been working fine for over 6 years - not tripping the Ground Fault. Now it does; and I get to start dealing with Warranty, etc. Again - thanks for your thoughtful response. D. |
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by Lipa Goldwerth
Rabbi Yisroel Salanter
"He Looked into the Torah and Fashioned Man"
Upon becoming engaged to Reb Yisroel Salanter's granddaughter, the prospective groom, Reb Chaim Ozer Grodzenski, wrote a lengthy, involved shtickel Torah (discourse) to his future father-in-law - which he, in turn, sent to Reb Yisroel.1 Reb Yisroel responded to his own son-in-law:2 "I am convinced that you have selected an outstanding Torah scholar as a chassan for my granddaughter. But it is written, (Devarim, 22:10) '...Es Bisi Nasati L'Ish HaZeh', 'My daughter I have given to this (Ish) man...' First let us establish that he is worthy of the title 'Ish' (Mentsch). "
This incident capsulizes Reb Yisroel's goal in planting the Mussar Movement. For as G-d had created Man, Man in turn must create the Mentsch within himself. Reb Yisroel sought this Mentsch in every man, and he taught the world how to find the Mentsch even when it was eclipsed by layers of sin. G-d used the Torah as his blueprint for creation;3 Reb Yisroel saw the Torah as the prescription for the Mentsch-ideal. His genius equipped him to be Mistakel B'Oraisa U'Borai Ish, to delve into the most hidden recesses of Torah literature to rediscover the once obvious, to forge the Torah-Mentsch.
Dozens of books and articles have been written about Reb Yisroel. Storybooks tend to depict him as the kindly saint, not comprehending that his Bein Adam L'Chaveiro, his tzidkus (righteousness) in dealing with others, was but another aspect of his Bein Adam L'Makom, service of G-d4 ... Others condensed a multifaceted gaon hador (outstanding scholar of his generation) into just a pioneering baal mussar (teacher of ethics) -- seeing all his colors through a monochromatic lens, doing a disservice to his name as well as to their own cause ... And, of course, modern literary psychoanalysts presume too much and end up seeing too little.
Today, a century after his passing, let us look back at Reb Yisroel, whom Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik of Brisk regarded as M'ayn HaRishonim, "akin to a Rishon" (the great Early Commentators of the eleventh-fifteenth centuries).4a Let us catch a glimpse of his unrivaled stature in Torah and Yiras Shomayim (Fear of Heaven), his greatness of mind, his sensitivity of spirit and his genius of heart, his keenness of insight, his creativity of thought and his daring in action. But above all, let us acquaint ourselves with the forest, instead of being overwhelmed by its own trees.
The Early Years: A Thunderbolt
The facts have all been recorded. Reb Yisroel was born in the fall of 5570 (1809)5 in Zager,6 a provincial town near Kovno, Lithuania, to a prestigious rabbinic family ... Recognized as a prodigy, he was sent, at the age of twelve, to study under the celebrated Gaon of Salant, Reb Hirsh Braude, who came to refer to him as "Alfasi Kattan."7 Rabbi Akiva Eiger lauded the chiddushim (novellae) he produced in his teens as "gaonus she'b'gaonus" -- absolutely ingenious. Reb Yisroel married at fifteen years of age. While his young wife cared for their livelihood he developed into a rare talmid chacham with a widely admired approach in pilpul.
During the eighteen years that Salant was his home, one moment in particular was to galvanize his life and eventually revolutionize the Torah world:
Reb Yosef Zundel (1788-1868), a disciple of Reb Chaim Volozhiner, was a man whose saintliness remained hidden from the average eye. Yet young Yisroel took notice of him and developed close contact with him. Yisroel realized, however, that he would see only what Reb Zundel would allow him to see. So he tried to observe him undetected, from afar, following him out to the fields while Reb Zundel would retreat there for contemplation. Once Reb Zundel noticed and exhorted him: Yisroel, study mussar and become a yerei Shomayim!"8
Reb Yisroel would relate years later that this precise moment left an everlasting impact on his life. His close disciple, Reb Itzel Peterburger (Blazer), would later describe the incident: "When he heard his master's command to learn mussar, it entered his innermost heart like a fire; he then began this study of mussar." From that day on he cleaved to Reb Zundel, until his mentor moved to Jerusalem.
...As Reb Yisroel Salanter Used to Say ... When faced, with a decision, ask yourself, "How would I decide if it were Ne'ilah now, at the closing moments of Yom Kippur?" If someone talks lashon hara in the beis hamidrash in Kovna, Jews will desecrate the Shabbos in Paris. Even a person free of the obligation to study Torah must study mussar. Before I started to learn mussar, I thought the whole world deficient except me. After I started, I found the world full of sinners including me. Now that I've learned some more, I realize that I am indeed a sinner, but I must judge the rest of the world favorably. One doesn't learn mussar to be a tzaddik, but to become a tzaddik. |
Nistar - After All
At first, Reb Yisroel planned to emulate his master, to be a nistar (a hidden saint), moving to a community where he was not known and to assume a humble position, such as a water carrier. The first requirement he set for himself was the mastery of the entire Shas (Talmud) by heart. When halfway through, he abandoned his plan, realizing that his generation had greater need for an active leader who could exert his influence amongst the broadest of circles than for a saintly recluse.9
Reb Naftoli Amsterdam, one of his leading disciples, would later comment. "The Rebbe at first wished to be a nistar, and then reconsidered. In the long run, however, he succeeded, and the true measure of his greatness has always remained hidden from others."10
Consistency - In Change
While tracing the various stages in Reb Yisroel's life, a striking feature emerges. He had a willingness to make radical changes, whenever he found such necessary -- by virtue of a shift in circumstances or because of a reassessment of his personal goals. For example, during his early years, Reb Yisroel decided to veer totally away from pilpul, in which he had gained expertise and widespread admiration. He had felt that he was sacrificing truth for the personal gratification gained from the intellectual stimulation of the pilpul approach. Eventually he returned to pilpul because he feared a tendency toward arrogance and complacency in expecting to determine the Gemara's meaning by concentrating only on the page before him ... Other striking examples of change will follow.
One is also struck by the multiplicity of activities he undertook over the years and in so many different locales. Yet all were unified by one underlying commitment - to help people probe beneath the surface, to bring out their own inner greatness. The chronological account that follows traces the variety of activities he pursued toward this one goal.
The Vilna Years: Taking Vilna by Storm
Reb Yisroel and his close friend Reb Shmuel Salant (Reb Zundel's son-in-law, later famous as Rav of Yerushalayim) had together resolved not to accept any rabbinic posts during this period; for example, they both rejected separate bids from the prestigious community of Brisk. Yet when invited to give shiurim as a Rosh Hayeshivah in Rameillas Yeshivah in Vilna, Reb Yisrael accepted, replacing Rabbi Eliezer Teitz, famed disciple of Rabbi Akiva Eiger. Thus, in 1840 he entered the lives of the Jews of Vilna, to leave an unforgettable impact on the "Jerusalem of Lithuania."
Reb Yisroel took the people of Vilna by storm - especially its yeshivah bachurim - through his brilliant lectures - reverting to pilpul again, as he saw fit - and with his mussar discourses. But Reb Yisroel feared that his success was creating envy among fellow faculty members; so he left Rameillas Yeshivah to lecture in another beis midrash.11
During this period, he attracted the attention of his peers and won the deference of such outstanding scholars as Reb Izek'el Charif and Rabbi Yoseif Dov Soloveitchik, author of Beis Halevi.12 He also republished a number of lesser-known mussar works. Reb Yisroel then began lecturing for baalei battim (laymen) -- shoemakers, porters and wagon-drivers flocked to his talks, as he considered each audience and addressed them according to their own level.
At that time Maggidus (preaching) no longer played the commanding role it once did a century earlier; rabbonim left it to wandering, lesser luminaries. Reb Yisroel, coupling a magnificent gift of speech with a heartening simplicity, raised the standard of Maggidus to its former glory.
...As Reb Yisroel Salanter Used to Say... Like a bird, man can reach undreamed-of heights as long as he works his wings. Should he relax them for but one minute, however, he plummets downward. A person lives with himself for seventy years, and after it is all over, he still does not know himself. With the word "Echod" in the Sh'ma, the Jew crowns G-d as King over the entire cosmos and all four corners of the world, but sometimes he forgets to include himself. Man is a drop of intellect drowning in a sea of instincts. Spirituality is like a bird: if you tighten your grip on it, it chokes; slacken your grip, and it flies away. |
He organized more knowledgeable baalei battim into groups to study the mussar classics Mesillas Yeshorim and Chovos Halevavos with greater depth, and established his first Beis Hamussar, a room set aside to serve as a retreat from worldly turmoil, dedicated to the study and absorption of yiras Shomayim (fear of G-d). Not meant to replace a Beis Haknesses or Beis Hamidrash, but to supplement them, this mussar retreat was close enough to the Beis Hamidrash to avoid loss of time spent in study.
Reb Yisroel viewed the Beis Hamussar as both a "clinic" -- following the Rambam's approach to human frailty in character or yiras Shomayim as a disease-condition13 -- and as a haven from the swirling winds of contemporary corruption. In his words: "Enter this fortress, draw the bridge up behind you, and leave the world beyond the moat!"14
Courage and Controversy
Two unforeseen developments rocked Reb Yisroel's stay in Vilna. The first was related to Reb Yisroel's attitude toward matters of health. He accepted doctor's orders as halachah (Torah law), implicit in the command of ''V'Nishmarsem M'od L'Nafshoseihem", "And you shall guard your lives" (Devarim 4:15). When health concerns conflicted with other halachos, he usually decided with a consistent leniency as far as the latter was concerned. He seemed to share Reb Chaim Brisker's view: "I am not lenient in regard to Shabbos or Yom Kippur; rather I am stringent in the laws of preservation of life!"15
Since Reb Yisroel never rendered any halachic decisions in Vilna, not even for his own household,16 he must have experienced enormous personal conflict during the peak of a cholera epidemic that devastated Vilna in late summer 1848. Reb Yisroel had committed himself to the city's welfare - renting hospital quarters with five hundred beds, while his own talmidim nursed the stricken around the clock, seven days a week, with patient care on Shabbos no different than on the other days of the week. As Yom Kippur approached, he feared that the fast would weaken the people and make them dangerously susceptible to the often-fatal disease. Reb Yisroel hung placards throughout Vilna urging all who felt weak to eat on the fast day, to stave off any threat. He did this without consulting others because he apparently realized that he would not gain a consensus for such a radical, yet - in his view - essential move. Immediately after Shacharis on Yom Kippur, he himself rose to the bimah, and according to some accounts, publicly made Kiddush and ate some cakes to encourage all those in need to follow suit. Needless to say, there were great protests, but Reb Yisroel ignored them and reportedly made his way to other shuls as well, to urge others to join him.17
This daring episode provoked strong and mixed reactions in different circles, and was long debated.18 For all the esteem he commanded, the Beis Din of Vilna summoned Reb Yisroel for an uncomfortable exchange, l9 with Reb Yisroel demonstrating clearly that his command of Torah knowledge put him beyond their ability to challenge him.
Hashlamah vs. Haskallah
At that time, the impact of the German Haskallah (the Enlightenment Movement, which was enamored with secular culture) was beginning to make its mark on Russian Jewry, especially in Vilna. The Maskillim prevailed on the Russian government to help them revamp the traditional chinuch by demanding changes in curriculum, and they succeeded in opening several of their own elementary schools, as well as a Rabbinical Seminary in Vilna. They promoted an education that synthesized Jewish and secular knowledge for motives that went beyond a "broader education"; they were aiming at reshaping the minds and hearts of the youth, distorting the true face of Judaism.
. . .As Reb Yisroel Salanter Used to Say . . . The greatness of the Ari Zal and the Vilna Gaon went beyond their command of vast amounts of Torah knowledge - both the open and the esoteric parts; their greatness lay in never deviating in the slightest from the directives of the Shulchan Aruch. A sick person never rejects a healing procedure as "unbefitting." Why, then, do we care what other people think when dealing with spiritual matters? Man is equipped with such far-reaching vision, yet the smallest coin can obstruct his view. Despair is the worst of ailments. No worries are justified except: "Why am I so worried?" People say: "The fool gives, the wise man takes." More accurately: The fool thinks he's giving and the wise man claims that he's taking. One who rushes headlong to perform a mitzvah can destroy the whole world in his path. |
The Maskillim were attracted to Reb Yisroel by his all-encompassing knowledge and were fascinated by his independence and originality, but they had totally misunderstood him and his reactionary attitudes toward halachah. The Maskillim brought considerable pressures upon him to serve as head of their Seminary. Russian Minister of Education Avaroff even interrupted one of his shiurim hoping to influence him 20 with magnificent offers.
Some Rabbonim argued that Reb Yisroel, with his rare gifts, was the only one who could save the situation and redirect the course of this ill-conceived Rabbinical Seminary, but Reb Yisroel adamantly refused. On the one hand, he was confident that the Seminary did not have staying power, and was not worthy of all the efforts required in attempting to lead it properly. Moreover, in a letter to Rabbi Yaakov Lipschitz (later secretary to Kovno Rav, Rabbi Yitzchok Elchonon Spector), he outlined his philosophy of unadulterated rabbanus: " . . . knowledge of Shulchan Aruch and piety is not sufficient . . . For psak we require gedolei Torah!"21 - and these would not emerge from a Haskallah-oriented seminary.
The pressures brought to bear upon Reb Yisroel to head this institution made his continued stay in Vilna unbearable, so he left for Kovno in the winter of 1848 ... Reb Yisroel's approach was eventually vindicated, for the government later deemed the Vilna Seminary and its counterparts in other cities ineffective, and shut them all down in 1873. 22
The Kovno Years: The Maggid
Upon his arrival in Kovno, Reb Yisroel was engaged by the elders of the city23 to supervise "all matters relating to piety," a position he soon left24 to become Kovno's "official Maggid."25 The Rav, Rabbi Leib Shapiro,26 had insisted that Reb Yisroel only come to Kovno if he assumed some official capacity there.27 Reb Yisroel obviously found this position a fitting forum from which to disseminate his mussar approach. Yet, this too came to a quick end, presumably due to the anti-mussar sentiments, which in Vilna he had hardly experienced.28
The Rebbe
Despite setbacks, Reb Yisroel maintained his vision and resolve. He once wrote: "Give me ten great disciples, and I will alter the face of our time and revolutionize the Jewish world!"29 This call did not go unheeded. A well-known philanthropist, Tzvi Neveizer,30 supplied the necessary means for Reb Yisroel to open a new Beis Hamidrash. Some one hundred and fifty students flocked to this new Torah center, including a number of future Torah leaders - Rabbi Eliezer Gordon (later Rav and Rosh Hayeshivah of Telshe), Rabbi Yaakov Yoseph (Maggid of Vilna and Chief Rabbi of New York City), Rabbi Yitzchok Blazer (Rav of Petersburg), Rabbi Yerucham Leib Perelman (the "Minsker Gadol"), Rabbi Naftoli Amsterdam (Rav of Helsingfors, Finland), Rabbi Simcha Zissel Ziv ("Alter of Kelem"), Rabbi Shlomo Dovid Grodzenski (Rav of Ivye, father of Reb Chaim Ozer of Vilna), to mention some of the better-known disciples.
Reb Yisroel was, indeed, a unique Rebbe. His concern for his talmidim encompassed all aspects of their lives. In his yeshivah, he did away with the belittling system of essen kest,31 in which the bachurim were dependent on the generosity of the local townsfolk, eating paltry meals in different homes daily. He insisted that kavod haTorah required that the hosts bring the meals to the yeshivah, without anyone knowing who was whose specific guest.32 Even sons of wealthy families ate from these meals, to put an end to social differences amongst the students.
Tales of Reb Yisroel The hundreds of stories about Reb Yisroel that have been preserved portray unusual intellectual gifts, a multifaceted genius with keen sensitivity to other people's needs as well as a willingness to meet their needs, and an overwhelming sense of mission. Many are well known: Reb Yisroel, absent from shul for Kol Nidrei because he was comforting an infant and its frightened babysitter, and this was of greater importance . . . sensing the disappointment of a youngster who (he under- stood) was shifted from Maftir to a regular aliyah to make room for Reb Yisroel, and inviting the boy to recite the Haftorah for him after davening, while others were kept waiting . . . advising disciples that the greatest hidur (enhancement) in baking shmurah matzos is to deal gently with the widows and other poor women working the dough. . . taking a young man to task for being so involved in Selichos preparation that he did not reply to someone else's greeting: "Must your teshuvah be at the expense of his 'Good Morning'?" Other tales, not so widely circulated, are the following, taken from Meoras Hagedolim: o When disciples in Lithuania pleaded with him to return from Germany to fight Haskallah, he replied with a parable: A farmer was chasing a team of runaway horses down a hill. He shouted to a man sitting under a tree further down the slope to stop them. The fellow did not respond. Reaching him, the farmer asked him why he made no effort to stop the horses. "Wait here until they reach bottom and I'll bring them back for you. If I'd have grabbed them on their headlong charge, they'd have dragged me down with them. At the bottom of the hill, their energy is all spent and they can be led back." Said Reb Yisroel: "Lithuanian Jewry is plunging headlong into Haskallah. I cannot grapple with them without being dragged down. The Jews of Germany have reached bottom." |
He was deeply concerned about the manners and general appearance of the talmidim so as to inspire proper respect in the eyes of the local baalei battim,33 and thus enhance the young man's self-image. This effort bore results. Soon many respectable families, which earlier had shied away from a son-in-law "a batlan," were vying for chassanim who excelled in Torah.
Battei Mussar
The main thrust of Reb Yisroel's energies, however, was to produce gedolei Torah, great Torah personalities, guiding his students to shleimus - completeness and integrity. When he recognized potential in a young man, he dedicated himself totally to his development.34
With his remarkable insight he realized the aptitudes and talents of each student, directing him along his individual path, though the yeshivah curriculum was always uniform. He organized special chaburos (study groups) to transmit his ideas. Should an uninvited individual enter, Reb Yisroel would cease speaking immediately.35
This was also a time of great personal growth for Reb Yisroel. He secluded himself for days on end, hammering out his ideas, perfecting his own character, later relaying what he saw fit to his ten select talmidim.36 Disciples of this era later recalled the profound insights they had gained in those sessions.37 Eventually Reb Yisroel began to withdraw from offering regular shiurim in Gemara, which he delegated to Rabbi Eliezer Gordon.38
In Kovno, as in Vilna, Reb Yisroel organized individual battei mussar for different strata of society, including one in the "Woodcutters' Kloiz," a structure which stood in testimony next to the sawmill until 1921, when it was destroyed by fire.39
The World At Large: A New Focus
The great opponents of the now-blossoming mussar Movement - motivated by sincere misgivings - felt obligated to react despite their reverence for Reb Yisroel as an individual. They shared many of the fears of earlier Misnagdim in their opposition to Chassidus - that mussar would create a new sect, veering off the mainstream of Yiddishkeit. This opposition, coupled with the fact that Kovno did not match the challenges and opportunities of Vilna (among other factors), brought about a shift in Reb Yisroel's area of activity. Even though Reb Yisroel had won fame and a following in Lithuania, he spent most of the next twenty-five years of his life crisscrossing Europe on various projects aimed at bringing estranged Jews back to Yiddishkeit, raising the level of commitment of observant Jews, working behind the scenes to protect Jews from all sorts of threatening decrees, only to return to Kovno during his final years.
Tales of Reb Yisroel o Reb Yisroel's powers of concentration were so intense that he was often oblivious of where he was. One evening he was strolling in Koenigsberg, and did not return. Failing to respond to the questions of a gendarme, he was jailed as a suspicious alien ... After his disciples arranged for his release, the authorities wrote on his passport: "Immer in philosofish gedanken versunken. (Always immersed in philosophical thought)." o He once failed to show up in shul for the first minyan - his regular time. After several hours passed, a search party was launched, and several children found him sitting on a large stone outside the city, tallis bag in hand, lost in thought. The shouts of the children brought him back to reality, and he became aware that the townspeople were concerned over his absence. Reb Yisroel was so anxious to assure them of his safety that he outran the children to return to town. |
This new phase began when Reb Yisroel visited Halberstadt, Germany, in 1857 for medical treatment. He stayed on in Germany to begin a major battle against the Haskallah, which Reb Yisroel saw as the single greatest threat to authentic Yahadus at that time. Its distortions of Judaism, its misleading humanism, and its assumption of non-Jewish values were the roots of the Reform Movement, which Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch was battling in Germany40 and the Ksav Sofer was contending with in Hungary.41 Yet, unlike the Reform kehillos and rabbinates, the Haskallah posed a subtle and pervasive menace. In those places where Reform had not yet taken root, the Haskallah was an enemy not easily recognized by the naked eye, and the battleground was not clearly defined. For sure, the Maskillim did not lack organizational skills, nor were they short of forums from which to spew forth their propaganda, but their approach was to subvert, not convert. Leaders of both Chassidim and Misnagdim recognized the threat of Haskallah, and joined forces in strengthening their positions and in repelling the threat.
Reb Yisroel, ever the original activist, concluded that the best defense was a forceful, fresh counteroffensive. He saw a place of secular knowledge in the overall makeup of the individual,42 but such knowledge was only acceptable for the proper reasons, for the proper people, in the proper time and in the proper place. What he abhorred was the absence of the perceptible lehavdil - the recognizable distinction between Torah wisdom and secular knowledge.43 The two could not be uttered in the same breath, pronounced with the same gravity, articulated in the same halls. Chazal (the rabbis of the Talmud) teach that "G-d has naught in this world but only the four cubits of halachah. "Secular studies, then, must be excluded from the rabbinical seminary by the "only" of the Chazal.
Germany was the source of the plague, and it was there that he hoped to save what he could.44 He settled in Koenigsberg and was soon deeply involved with the Jewish youth enrolled in the local university. He scheduled regular shiurim in Navi (Prophets) for them, and was generally aided by the Rav of Koenigsberg, Rabbi Yaakov Mecklenberg, author of Ha'Ksav V'Hakaballah.45 While there, he published his Iggeres Hamussar (Letter on the Study of Ethics)46 - a work that has been reprinted scores of times.
The Memel Approach
In 1860, he was in the border city of Memel. An important port city and mercantile center, it attracted hundreds of Lithuanian Jews to its commercial opportunities, which continued nonstop, seven days a week. Shabbos was not even a nostalgic memory in Memel's bustling main streets.
Realizing that Berlin exerted a stronger pull on Memel than did Vilna, Reb Yisroel did not take a harsh, uncompromising stance against Sabbath desecration in that setting. Instead, he resorted to a soft, graduated approach. In his first sermon he explained the concept of Shabbos to the people on their level, concluding that chillul Shabbos at the port was intolerable because of the writing involved - the major Sabbath desecration of running a business. He did not discuss the actual portering of goods. Many agreed that they could postpone their writing until the weekdays, while the loading and unloading continued.
Some weeks later he suggested that without too much sacrifice, it should be possible not to send shipments, even if goods did arrive. Slowly this approach too became acceptable to the merchants. After a period of time, he convinced them that even the unloading was not vital - and the Jewish merchants of the city ceased all their port activities on the Shabbos. A revolutionized Memel emerged47
While there, he lectured in Talmud and mussar for young men studying there, caring for all their needs. He also lectured for Jewish university students in Memel.48
Tales of Reb Yisroel *In advance of a public Talmudic address, Reb Yisroel posted a list of a hundred references. Upon entering the auditorium to present his discourse, Reb Yisroel checked the list and found that a prankster had replaced his sheet with another list of a hundred references picked at random. He turned pale, and took his seat for the ten minutes that the introductions were made. He then stepped up to the bimah and delivered a brilliant discourse, tying together all hundred random citations. His disciple Reb Naftoli Amsterdam later commented, "It did not take Reb Yisroel ten minutes to draw upon his knowledge of Shas to weave together a new pilpul. He turned pale because on the one hand he was reluctant to display his phenomenal intellectual abilities by presenting an 'instant' Torah discourse. Instead, he planned to rise to the bimah, declare his inability to give the posted lecture, and take his seat. On the other hand, this would prove to be a grave setback to his campaign to spread mussar. After much analysis and inner conflict - which was why he had turned pale - he decided to present the spontaneous speech, much against his nature." |
"So Much More That I Could Achieve"
As he continued to travel, Reb Yisroel's influence over the hundreds of talmidim and thousands of local baalei battim kept driving him to persevere. "There is so much more that I could achieve," was a comment that frequently fell from his lips, a dream that never ceased to haunt him, as many anecdotes testify.
Even a remote hint at the passage of time suggested undeveloped opportunities for growth and accomplishment. For instance, when he was sitting in a shul during the auctioning of kibbudim (synagogue honors), for "100 groschen . . .200 groschen," he began to weep. When asked why, he pointed to his gray beard: "lch bin 'grau shon' (I am gray already) and I've accomplished so little!" - a reflection prompted by the "groschen" of the bidding.49
It was during this time (1860-61) that he launched the publication of the celebrated Torah journal Tevunah (Wisdom). His purpose: the enhancement of Torah prestige and the promotion of discussion on human personality and character refinement.50 It enjoyed the participation of the Gedolei Torah51 and though only twelve issues appeared, it was greatly respected and most popular.
"Amongst My People"
Reb Yisroel mastered the German language and adopted the German manner of dress, to advance his work in Tilsit, Berlin, Frankfurt, Halberstadt, and other cities.52 As always, he was impeccable in appearance - shining shoes, sparkling buttons on his frock - dressed in the manner of a dignified layman. His impact on the lives of German Jewry appears in retrospect to have been profound. This was strengthened by his close ties with Germany's Torah leadership: Rabbi Ezriel Hildesheimer, Rabbi Meir Lehmann, and Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch. He encouraged the founding of various institutions of learning in Germany, and applauded organized halachah shiurim for girls.53 Throughout this period, Reb Yisroel's correspondence with his talmidim in Russia54 demonstrated that his passionate concern for them was unaffected by time and distance. He was even active in establishing two battei midrash for workers and tradesmen in far-away Russia between 1865 and 1869.
Eventually - sometime between 1869 and 1871 - Reb Yisroel returned to Vilna, when a devastating plague struck the area, claiming his wife. Now with her passing, Reb Yisroel concentrated even more on his German activities, while mourning her for the rest of his days55.
Return To Kovno
All at once back again in Kovno at age 67, Reb Yisroel planted a seed: the Kollel Knesses Bais Yitzchok in Kovno. Its purpose - the furtherance of Hora'ah and mussar, Rabbinics and Ethics - by supporting and guiding exceptional Torah scholars in their development as authorities. The project received the blessings, and eventually the name, of the Kovno Rav and poseik hador (the generation's outstanding authority in halachah), Rabbi Yitzchok Elchonon Spector. It was joined by such chavrei hakollel (fellows) as Reb Naftoli Herz (later Rav of Jaffa), Rabbi Naftoli Amsterdam, Rabbi Chaim (Telsher) Rabinowitz, and Rabbi Yitzchok Meltzan, among others.56 Reb Yitzchok Elchonon's son accepted the administrative responsibilities, while Rabbi Avrohom Shenker and Rabbi Nosson Zvi Finkel (later revered as the "Alter of Slobodka") conducted the internal affairs of this great institution. Under the latter's guidance, publication of the Eitz Pri57 inspired the world of Torah and mussar, featuring essays by both Reb Yisroel and Reb Yitzchok Elchonon - including a foreword by the then lesser-known Reb Yisroel Meir HaKohein, author of Sefer Chofetz Chaim. The fruit of Reb Yisroel's seed nourished generations of yeshivos and sustains ours today.
The true glory of the Kollel was realized under Rabbi Yitzchok Blazer (Peterburger), whose rousing sichos (lectures) were the Kollel's life-force. Reb Yisroel would, upon occasion, visit Kovno, and, of course, again address the Kollel.
Several "second-generation" institutions were then formed: Reb Simcha Zissel founded the Talmud Torah in Kelem. In Vilna a mussar yeshivah was established by Reb Yaakov Yoseph, while Reb Nosson Zvi Finkel started the yeshivah in Telshe, and eventually raised the banner of mussar in Slobodka with "Knesses Yisroel," named for the great mentor of them all, Reb Yisroel Salanter.
The impact of these individuals and their institutions on the future great citadels of learning - Telshe, Mir, Kamenitz, Grodno, Kletzk, Chevron, Ponoviez, Ner Israel, R Chaim Berlin, Lakewood, and all their branches and seedlings - is now part of the vital history of Torah in Europe, Eretz Yisroel, and America.
Vilna, Kovno, Koenigsberg, Memel, Berlin - Reb Yisroel's map stared back at him. There is so much more to achieve. He reportedly considered coming to America to establish a proper Jewish community and formal kehillah, but decided against attempting to build a spiritual life in a country where the atmosphere is set by a constitution that guarantees separating Church and State, religious principle and day-today life.57a
Mission in Paris
Yet, Reb Yisroel did move on to Paris at the age of seventy, despite illness and chronic severe headaches (which at times made it agonizing for him to give public addresses). Why Paris?58 The generally accepted view is, to help organize a kehillah under a qualified Rav. Rabbi Yehoshua Heschel Levin of Vilna did, in fact, become Rav there due to Reb Yisroel's influence. Others claim his purpose there was to arrange a French translation of the Talmud. (Reb Yisroel's goal was to have Shas translated into Russian and German as well.)
His Paris agenda also included offering spiritual direction for the Russian-Polish elements of the Jewish community - all incredible undertakings for an aged, ailing foreigner.59 His living conditions, however, were miserable, and after two near fatal mishaps, he finally left.
Returning to Koenigsberg, he filled a spiritual vacuum left by the departure of the Malbim from that city's rabbinate. He made one more trip to Russia to recharge his disciples with the fire of mussar, visiting Kovno, Minsk and Vilna (where he yet found time to study some of the Vilna Gaon's manuscripts). Before returning to Koenigsburg, he instructed Rabbi Yaakov Lipschitz to take up his talented pen and to give expression to Reb Yisroel's opposition to a newly proposed Rabbinical Seminary sponsored by Baron Ginsburg.60
The Will of the Devout . . .
Reb Yisroel, seventy-three years of age, having achieved what scores of others may only dream of accomplishing, took ill in Koenigsberg, in his attic apartment in the home of his friend and. patron, Reb Eliyahu Ber. Reb Yisroel instructed the household that come what may, no one was to desecrate the Shabbos on his behalf. This curious demand was in total opposition to halachah, which Reb Yisroel himself had so valiantly championed.
Nonetheless, he was not to be dissuaded. He explained that this was not misplaced frumkeit (piety) or tzidkus, but halachah: the Gemara rules that shepherds are not to be saved from disaster since their livelihood is by theft. (Their animals would regularly graze in neighboring fields.) "Since," Reb Yisroel continued, "people provide me with assistance believing that I'm a tzaddik, I too must not be saved since I'm living by false pretenses!"
That week, Reb Eliyahu Ber's son, Binyomin, visited his sister, wife of Reb Yitzchok Elchonon's son, in Kovno. When Reb Yitzchok Elchonon inquired after Reb Yisroel's welfare, he related Reb Yisroel's strange demand. Reb Yitzchok Elchonon replied that he should relay to Reb Yisroel: "The Kovno Rav says that you must allow yourself to be saved even if chillul Shabbos is involved."61
"The will of the devout shall be fulfilled - Reb Yisroel's final illness had begun on Motza'ei Shabbos, 20 Shevat, and his passing was shortly before sundown, Erev Shabbos, on 25 Shevat, 5643/ 1883.
Notes and Sources
1. See Sheilos U'Tshuvos Achiezer, III, No. 53. [return to text]
2. Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Grodnanski, Rav in Vilna, and disciple of Reb Yisroel.[return to text]
3. Midrash Rabba to Bereishis I, and see R"Dal ad loc.[return to text]
4. Ohr Hamussar I, pp. 77-78, quoting his great disciple Reb Naftoli Amsterdam.[return to text]
4a. Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetzky quoting Rabbi J. B. Soloveitchik of Boston in an interview granted for preparing this article.[return to text]
5. As evident from the text of his tombstone in Koenigsberg, reprinted in Ir Vilna, p. 128.[return to text]
6. Tnuas Hamussar, Vol. I p. 138, gloss. 4.[return to text]
7. A reference to Rabbi Yitzchok Alfasi, towering Talmudic scholar of 11th-century Fez, in North Africa.[return to text]
8. Nesivos Ohr, p. 124.[return to text]
9. See Nesivos Ohr, p. 111.[return to text]
10. Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetzky.[return to text]
11. R. Dovid Luria, see Nesivos Ohr, p. 109.[return to text]
12. Tnuas Hamussar, p. 150, gl. 5.[return to text]
13. Shemonah Perakim.[return to text]
14. Ohr Yisroel, letters no. 5, 6, etc.[return to text]
15. lshim Veshitos, R. S.Y. Zevin, pp. 64-65.[return to text]
16. Sridei Aish, R. F.F. Weinberg, IV, 289. Some have attributed Reb Yisroel's reluctance to serve as a Rav to his having arrived at halachic conclusions different from many established local minhagim, Tnuas Hamussar p. 377.[return to text]
17. Tnuas Hamussar I, pp. 160-161, no. 8 for sources.[return to text]
18. Rabbi Boruch Ber Lebowitz, many years later, said a shiur to analyze the halachah in question.[return to text]
19. R Yaakov Kamenetsky related details to the writer, as transmitted to him by Rabbi Dovid Lebowitz, who had heard a report from the Chofetz Chaim, who had been in Vilna at the time.[return to text]
20. See Tnuas Hamussar I, p. 164.[return to text]
21. Zichron Yaakov III, p. 132. See Tnuas Hamussar. pp. 165-169 in detail.[return to text]
22. Reb Yisroel Salanter, Emanuel Etkes, ibid., p. 191, cites a contemporaneous letter written in Vilna from the Ginsburg Archives referring to the appointment of a dean to the Seminary "in place of the Salanter who fled to Kovno."[return to text]
23. See Shvil HaZahav of R. Mordechai Eliasberg, introductory chapters by his son Yonassan, p. XII (Warsaw: 1897).[return to text]
24. Nesivos Ohr, p. 113.[return to text]
25. Reb Naftoli Amsterdam in Ohr Hamussar, I, p. 78.[return to text]
26. Father of Rabbi Raphael Volozhiner, Rosh Yeshivah of Volozhin, and author of Toras Rafoel and son-in-law of the Netziv. His daughter became R Chaim Brisker's wife.[return to text]
27. Tnuas Hamussar I, pp. 179-180.[return to text]
28. See L'Toldos HaYehudim B'Kovno by Lipmann (Kaidon: 1931). p. 228. Shvil HaZahav XVI. For full perspective of the mussar conflicts of that time, see Pulmus Hamussar, by Rabbi Dov Katz (e.g., p. 21).[return to text]
29. Tnuas Hamussar, I. p. 171.[return to text]
30. Ibid., I, p. 170.[return to text]
31. Zichron Yaakov, II, pg.8.[return to text]
32. Zichron Yaakov, op.cit.[return to text]
33. Tnuas Hamussar, I, p 172.[return to text]
34. Sridei Aish, IV, p. 291.[return to text]
35. Ohr Yisroel, p. 121.[return to text]
36. Tnuas Hamussar, I, p. 174.[return to text]
37. Ohr Yisroel, ibid.[return to text]
38. Tnuas Hamussar I, p. 175.[return to text]
39. Tnuas Hamussar, I, p. 176, no. 20.[return to text]
40. See The History of Orthodox Jewry in Germany, by Herman Schwab, London: 1950.[return to text]
41. See L'Toldos HaRiformatzion HaDatis B'Germania V'Ungaria, by Y.Y. Greenwald, 1948.[return to text]
42. Tnuas Hamussar I, pp. 218-221, 226.[return to text]
43. Eitz Pri.[return to text]
44. As related by Rav Yaakov Kamenetzky.[return to text]
45. This unique gaon shared an unusual interest in the Gra of Vilna with those - such as Reb Yisroel - of the Gra's "Cheder," as evident from his fruitful collaboration in the fascinating work Eliyas Eliyahu by Rabbi Yehoshua Heshel Levin dealing with the ways and works of the Gra's.[return to text]
46. Originally printed together with the Tomer Dvora, under the title Even Yisroel.[return to text]
47. Tnuas Hamussar, I, p. 184.[return to text]
48. Tnuas Hamussar, I, p. 185.[return to text]
49. Me'oros Hagedolim.[return to text]
50. See introduction to Tevunah, no. 1.[return to text]
51. Rabbi Yoshe Ber Soloveitchik, Rabbi Yosef Shaul Natanzohn, Rabbi Yitzchok Elchonon Spector, Rabbi Shlomo Kluger, among others.[return to text]
52. Tnuas Hamussar, I, p.186[return to text]
53. Ibid., p. 192.[return to text]
54 .Ohr Yisroel, pp. 48-68.[return to text]
55. Tnuas Hamussar, I, p. 192.[return to text]
56. Ibid., p. 193.[return to text]
57. Vilna 1881. Tnuas Hamussar, I, p. 186.[return to text]
57a. Rabbi Yitzchak Hutner quoting R Itzel Peterburg's wife.[return to text]
58. Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetzky, as a disciple of Rabbi Naftoli Amsterdam and the Alter of Slobodka, possessed a wealth of detailed information regarding Reb Yisroel's Paris stay. He offered the following:
Under Alexander II, many reforms in the Russian regime were realized, ameliorating some of the barbarous policies of Nicholas I. The appearance of Jews on the economic and cultural scene, however, provoked dormant anti-Semitic feelings, even among intellectuals (such as the novelist Dostoyevski). Early in 1881, the Czar was assassinated by revolutionaries. and the Jews served as a convenient scapegoat. Terrifying pogroms erupted in southern Russia, and continued sporadically for several years.
Reb Yisroel, weary but tireless, utilized connections in France to persuade the Parisian Rothschild to influence his cousin in London to lend his considerable prestige to pressure The London Times into dispatching correspondents to the scene of these atrocities and to report them to the Western world.
The Russian regime protested the bad press to the British Foreign Office, which politely explained that freedom of the press was an accepted feature of life in Britain. While Russian Jewry's problems were far from solved, Reb Yisroel's clandestine activities were effective in mitigating some of their more open manifestations.[return to text]
59. Tnuas Hamussar, I, pp. 230-236.[return to text]
60. Tnuas Hamussar, I, p. 238.[return to text]
61. Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetzky, who heard it from Binyomin Ber himself. See also Ir Vilna, p. 128, transcript of Reb Yisroel's tombstone.[return to text]


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RegioStars Awards 2014
EU regional policy helps European regions to advance together. It boosts economic growth, competitiveness and job creation – by investing billions of Euros each year, in thousands of innovative and ambitious projects throughout Europe. On March 31st, the Regiostars awards will honour 19 finalists, divided in 4 categories, and choose as winners the most inspirational and innovative EU-funded projects across the Member States.
Smart Specialisation: PLOCAN Oceanic Research Centre on the Canary Islands
The Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean have seen unemployment levels skyrocket after the financial crisis of 2008. The restructuring of economic activity to enhance this remote region's competitiveness is therefore urgent.
Smart Specialisation has put the focus on the ocean. PLOCAN is a competence centre for marine issues, funded by the EU, and provides an infrastructure for developing cutting edge research and advanced ocean technology. The facility, which comprises of a scientific and an industrial test site offers its users not only data and knowledge on oceanic parameters, but also offers services and facilities like the transport of scientific equipment from origin to PLOCAN, lab space, technicians, support vessels and underwater vehicles.
The taxi driver
07/01/2010José Manuel Ruiz Garcia talks about how regional policy has benefited his work. José Manuel Ruiz Garcia is a taxi driver in Cadiz (Andalusia, Spain). He has experience of the city and its urban traffic from before and after the railway improvement works – the railway now runs below ground. The works in question were funded with the help of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Today, he is able to talk about real mobility in his city while referring back to the difficulties of the past.
Cohesion policy 2000-06: Andalusia, Spain
01/07/2007This video showcases Cadiz in Andalusia, a city facing severe mobility problems and which benefited from European funds, notably for a project to run below ground a railway line that had previously divided the city literally in half. From 2000 to 2006, EU cohesion policy provided support for 27 Member States, investing over €120 billion in 230 programmes. Launched in 1986, its effectiveness and support for Europe have been proven time and again, particularly in terms of economic growth, jobs and the environment. On top of this success, several improvements and innovations have been introduced to cohesion policy, starting in 2007, opening up the prospect of going further still by 2013.


text: ArticleRelated DiseasesImages & Quizzes smallermediumlarger 1 2 3 4 5 Next ACE Inhibitors(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Slideshow Take the Salt Quiz! Lowering Blood Pressure Exercise Tips Pictures Pharmacy Author: Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD Dr. Ogbru received his Doctorate in Pharmacy from the University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy in 1995. He completed a Pharmacy Practice Residency at the University of Arizona/University Medical Center in 1996. He was a Professor of Pharmacy Practice and a Regional Clerkship Coordinator for the University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy from 1996-99. View Full Profile Medical and Pharmacy Editor: Jay W. Marks, MD Jay W. Marks, MD Jay W. Marks, MD, is a board-certified internist and gastroenterologist. He graduated from Yale University School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine and gastroenterology at UCLA/Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. View Full Profile What are ACE inhibitors, and how do they work? What are some examples of ACE inhibitors? For what conditions are ACE inhibitors used? Are there any differences among the different types of ACE inhibitors? What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors? With which drugs do ACE inhibitors interact? What are ACE inhibitors, and how do they work? Angiotensin II is a very potent chemical produced by the body that causes the muscles surrounding blood vessels to contract, thereby narrowing the vessels. The narrowing of the vessels increases the pressure within the vessels causing increases in blood pressure (hypertension). Angiotensin II is formed from angiotensin I in the blood by the enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibitors are medications that slow (inhibit) the activity of the enzyme ACE, which decreases the production of angiotensin II. As a result, the blood vessels enlarge or dilate, and blood pressure is reduced. This lower blood pressure makes it easier for the heart to pump blood and can improve the function of a failing heart. In addition, the progression of kidney disease due to high blood pressure or diabetes is slowed. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 10/21/2013Next: What are some examples of ACE inhibitors?1 2 3 4 5 Next ACE Inhibitors Index Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088. Need help identifying pills and medications?Use the pill identifier tool on RxList. Back to Medications Index Share this Article: Facebook Twitter Email Print Article Suggested Reading on ACE Inhibitors by Our Doctors Related Diseases & Conditions 23 articles Kidney Failure Kidney failure can occur from an acute event or a chronic condition or disease. Prerenal kidney failure is caused by blood loss, dehydration, medication. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Congestive heart failure (CHF) refers to a condition in which the heart loses the ability to function properly. Heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. The two types of diabetes are referred to as type 1 (insulin Dizziness Dizziness is a symptom that is often applies to a variety of sensations including lightheadedness and vertigo. Causes of dizziness include low blood pressure, Cough Chronic cough is a cough that does not go away and is generally a symptom of another disorder such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, sinus infection, cigarette High Blood Pressure High blood pressure is defined as a pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher in the arteries. Genetic factors, high salt intake, and increased arterial stiffness Hyperkalemia (High Blood Potassium) Hyperkalemia is an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. Symptoms of hyperkalemia include nausea, fatigue, tingling sensations, or muscle weakness. Heart Attack Heart attack happens when a blood clot completely obstructs a coronary artery supplying blood to the heart muscle. A heart attack can cause chest pain, Angina Angina is chest pain due to inadequate blood supply to the heart. Angina symptoms may include chest tightness, burning, squeezing, and aching. Coronary Stroke A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to part of the brain caused by either a blood clot (ischemic) or bleeding (hemorrhagic). Symptoms of a Claudication Intermittent claudication, or pain and cramping in the lower leg is caused by inadequate blood flow to the leg muscles. This lack of blood flow causes Metabolic Syndrome The main features of metabolic syndrome include insulin resistance, hypertension (high blood pressure), cholesterol abnormalities, and an increased risk High Blood Pressure Treatment High blood pressure (hypertension) means high pressure (tension) in the arteries. Treatment for high blood pressure include lifestyle modifications (alcohol, Heart Failure Heart failure is caused by many conditions including coronary artery disease, heart attack, cardiomyopathy, and conditions that overwork the heart. Symptoms Diabetes Treatment The major goal in treating diabetes is controlling elevated blood sugar without causing abnormally low levels of blood sugar. Treatment for type 1 diabetes Renal Artery Stenosis Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing of the diameter of the renal arteries. When the renal arteries narrow, the result is restricted blood flow to the Hypertensive Kidney Disease High blood pressure can damage the kidneys and is one of the leading causes of kidney failure (end-stage renal kidney disease). Kidney damage, like hypertension, Diabetes and Kidney Disease In the United States diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure. High blood pressure and high levels of blood glucose increase the risk that a Heart Attack Treatment A heart attack involves damage or death of part of the heart muscle due to a blood clot. The aim of heart attack treatment is to prevent or stop this damage Cardiomyopathy (Hypertrophic) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects many people today. Many people with HCM have no symptoms or only minor symptoms, and live a normal life. Other Cardiomyopathy (Dilated) Dilated Cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heart's ability to pump blood is decreased because the heart's main pumping chamber is enlarged and weakened. Kidney Dysplasia Kidney dysplasia is a condition in which one or both of a baby's kidneys do not develop normally. In kidney dysplasia, cysts replace normal kidney tissue. Cardiomyopathy (Restrictive) Restrictive cardiomyopathy, the rarest form of cardiomyopathy, is a condition in which the walls of the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) are Medications 16 articles Procedures & Tests 1 articles Pictures, Images & Quizzes 5 articles Doctor's & Expert's Views 10 articles Health News 27 articles Health Features 2 articles Privacy Policy Hypertension Get tips on handling your hypertension. By clicking submit I agree to WebMD's Privacy Policy


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Tseng hits Perfect Landing Presented by Frontier Airlines
Tseng, Yani, Frontier Perfect Landing
The world's most dominate womens golfer is experience the first real dip in her game since rising to the top. Yani Tseng won three time early this season and seemed on course for more records. Watch as Tseng talks about her struggles.


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Deep Impact is a 1998 American science fiction disaster film directed by Mimi Leder, written by Bruce Joel Rubin and Michael Tolkin, and starring Robert Duvall, Téa Leoni, Elijah Wood, Vanessa Redgrave, Maximilian Schell, Leelee Sobieski, and Morgan Freeman. Steven Spielberg served as an executive producer of this film. It was released by Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks in the United States on May 8, 1998. The film depicts the attempts to prepare for and destroy a 7-mile-wide comet set to collide with the Earth and cause a mass extinction.
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Document - Nigeria: Hundreds forcibly evicted in Lagos, Nigeria
UA: 51/13 Index: AFR 44/002/2013 Nigeria Date: 26 February 2013
hundreds forcibly evicted in lagos, nigeria
At least 300 homes have been demolished and hundreds of residents have been left homeless as Lagos State officials carried out a forced eviction on 23 February in Badia East settlement in Lagos, Nigeria. Thousands more remain at risk of being forcibly evicted from their homes.
According to reports from Nigerian NGO, Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC), on 23 February the Lagos State Taskforce on Environmental and Special Offences (Enforcement) Unit carried out a forced eviction, demolishing around 300 houses in the presence of heavily armed police personnel. Demolitions are said to have continued on 24 February, leading to the destruction of further houses and structures. An estimated 10,000 people in the settlement remain at risk of forced eviction if the demolition continues.
The Lagos State Government (LSG) has failed to ensure that due process safeguards were in place before carrying out the evictions. The affected people were not provided with an opportunity for genuine consultation nor were they informed about the reasons for the eviction. The LSG also failed to provide adequate notice, and affected persons were not offered any alternative housing or compensation.
Hundreds of people – both homeowners and tenants – have been left homeless. According to eyewitnesses, they now sleep beside the railroad tracks that pass through the community, protecting the few belongings they could salvage before being forced from their homes by security forces armed with guns and batons. According to eyewitnesses, the police arrested three unarmed young men during the demolitions, and several residents who tried to resist the demolition were beaten by the police.
Reports by SERAC in Lagos indicate that the demolitions may continue in the coming days. Thousands of people, including women, older persons and children will be left homeless and vulnerable to a range of other human rights violations if the demolition continues.
Please write immediately in English or your own language urging the LSG to:
Stop the forced eviction in Badia East, and ensure that legal and procedural safeguards including genuine consultation, adequate notice, and alternative housing for affected people are in place before carrying out any further evictions;
Provide adequate alternative housing and emergency relief – including access to food, shelter, water, sanitation, healthcare services and effective remedies – to the people of Badia East whose homes have been destroyed;
Initiate an independent enquiry into the use of force during the forced evictions in Badia East.
Governor of Lagos State
Babatunde Raji Fashola
Governor's Office
Ikeja, Lagos Sate
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Salutation: Your Excellency
Commissioner of Physical Planning and Urban Development
Olutoyin Ayinde
Lagos State Secreatariat
Ikeja, Lagos State
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Salutation: Dear Commissioner
And copies to:
The Executive Secretary of the
National Human Rights Commission
Professor Bem Angwe
National Secretariat�No.19, Aguiyi Ironsi Street
Maitama, P.M.B. 444, Garki
Abuja, Nigeria
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hundreds forcibly evicted in lagos, nigeria
ADditional Information
Lagos is Nigeria's commercial capital with a population of over 10 million people, and Badia East is an informal settlement in the city. The land in Badia East is the subject of ongoing litigation in the Lagos State High Court (Aromire & Ors v. Daniel & Ors, Suit No LD/443/2002) between the Ojora Chieftaincy family and residents of the community, some of whom are represented by SERAC. Badia is one of the communities slated for slum upgrading under the $200 million World Bank-funded Lagos Metropolitan Development and Governance Project (LMDGP).
On Monday 25 February 2013 hundreds of the residents of Badia East marched to the Lagos State governor's office where they staged a 6 hour protest and they demanded an audience with the governor. Leaders of the community attempted to enter the governor's office to register their protest but were prevented from entering by security forces. The governor refused to come out to meet with the protesters but three Commissioners in charge of the ministries of Physical Planning and Urban Development; Housing; and Agriculture came out to meet with the protesters, reportedly only allowing two questions to be asked by the protesters. According to representatives / spokespeople of the protesting residents, the answers given by the commissioners did not address the concerns of the protesters regarding the ongoing forced eviction in Badia East.
In July 2012 the LSG in a manner similar to the ongoing demolition in Badia East demolished parts of Makoko, another informal settlement, without adequate notice or consultation
Nigeria is obliged under a range of human rights treaties, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, to refrain from and prevent forced evictions. The UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has emphasized that evictions may be carried out only as a last resort, once all feasible alternatives have been explored and only after appropriate procedural and legal safeguards are in place. These include genuine consultation with the people affected, adequate and reasonable notice, adequate alternative housing and compensation for all losses, safeguards on how evictions are carried out, and access to legal remedies and procedures, including access to legal aid where necessary. Governments are required to ensure that no one is rendered homeless or vulnerable to other human rights violations as a consequence of an eviction. These requirements apply to all evictions, regardless of the tenure status of residents.
Chapter 2 of Nigeria's 1999 Constitution, Section 16 (2) (d) directs the state to ensure that suitable, adequate shelter is provided for all citizens. However, as with other provisions on social and economic rights, this falls within the Constitution's "directive principles". As such, it is not justiciable and therefore remains unenforceable in Nigeria's courts.
Name: Hundreds of people forcibly evicted in Badia East settlement
Gender m/f: both
UA: 51/13 Index: AFR 44/002/2013 Issue Date: 26 February 2013