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So, the first thing I'm gonna do is spray a leave on conditioner in my hair. My hair is really damped right now and the leave on conditioner that I use, it also has a heat protect in it so it's going to protect my hair while we use our heat tools and you just wanna brush it through. Now, I'm gonna take a rolling brush. Just gonna blow dry my bangs how I like them. So, you wanna make sure your hair is completely dry before you take a flat iron to it. The reason why you wanna make sure your hair is dry before you flat iron it is because if your hair is wet while you try to straighten it, you can end up burning your hair. So, I'm just gonna take a clip and I'm gonna section my hair and I'm gonna start at the bottom. Just take about an inch to an inch and a half section of hair. That's how much I'm gonna take and I like to split it up in two, brush through it and then grab my flat iron and then start from the roots. You can either hold your hair with a comb like this and go down or you can just hold it with your hands. If you use a comb, you have less of the chance to burn yourself plus your hair will be extra straight. So now that's kind of straight. I'm gonna do the same thing to other side. You wanna follow the same steps all the way until you get to the top. So, now that we're at the top, what I'm gonna do is I'm just gonna brush through this and then I'm gonna take sections going across just of my finger and you wanna straighten these hairs going back. In that way, there will be more volume on top. The next thing we're gonna do is take a teasing comb. You could use a regular comb, a fine tooth comb or a comb that I have like this. You wanna take about three to four, maybe 5 sections in the back and you wanna just keep back combing it like this. Once you feel like you have a shape that you like and that you wanna keep it that way, all you wanna do is grab your hairspray and spray it in place. So, now we're done with a really sleek straight volumized hair. I hope you all enjoyed this and thank you for watching. Don't forget to check out more beauty smarty tips on seventeen.com.
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Carrie Bradshaw is not only a Manhattan and fashion icon, but as a dating columnist, she's considered a dating icon as well. Why? She's selfish, immature, manipulative, impulsive, and, let's face it, kind of psycho. She gives women, even kooky women, a bad name. Ladies, feel free to emulate Carrie's style and visit her favorite NYC haunts, but when it comes to dating, it's best to do anything but what she does. Carrie makes several common mistakes throughout the "Sex and the City" series and by watching her missteps, women can learn a lot about what to do and, more importantly, what not to do, at all stages of a relationship. Keep reading »
Zergnet: Simply Irresistible
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In 2012, Bay Area pimp-rapper 100s released his Ice Cold Perm mixtape, a hard slice of haughty, minimal sex-talk that really snuck up on me after it had been out for a few months. 100s has since linked up with Fool's Gold, and now he's released his IVRY EP, eight songs of cold and unflinching sex-talk. We posted the early track "Ten Freaky Hoes," which very much set the tone, and now you can stream or download the whole thing below.
Those basslines!
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Grades have no direct impact on the overall score.
My Race Queens features the sexy Japanese models who drape their bodies over cars that are almost as hot as they are. The tour shows off their collection of beautiful models and hints at the hardcore action you'll see inside. My Race Queens is part of the All Japanese Pass network and follows a similar structure to the other sites.
Hot hardcore collection. My Race Queens begins with an intriguing theme, although it ultimately boils down to hot hardcore. You'll see the girls in sexy racing costumes (which they sometimes leave on, for all you CFNM fans). The race queens give blowjobs in cute checkered shorts and get fucked with hot cumshots as the scenes' culmination. I would have liked to see more with the race theme, but the sex still looks great.
Multiple viewing options including great Flash player. There are a few options for viewing these scenes. They can be streamed in Flash and downloaded as an mp4 in three quality settings. The Flash streams also have a nice little filmstrip at the bottom that lets you jump to any specific spot in the scene you like. This is a favorite option of mine for streaming players and it was great to see it here.
Good-size site. My Race Queens is a large site, offering up more than 207 videos for members to enjoy. Each scene is around 25 minutes long. There's plenty to keep members entertained here.
Other Good Stuff:
Needs more browse tools. The set-up here is very simple. The videos are listed in the order they were added and that's about it. The thing is, that the scenes do have categories and model names that are linked to other similar scenes, so everything is category and all the scenes have the model names provided. There's just not an easy way to browse all of the categories or all of the models. There's no search tool either. It's too basic of a set-up.
Average-quality content. Though there are three different quality formats available, overall I found all of the scenes to look very average. They play at up to 2000k and are 720 x 548 in size, but they weren't as sharp as I would have expected. The scenes look OK, and basically DVD quality, but they could look better.
Minor Negatives:
While the theme is sexy, the videos are generic and the updates are lacking.
As much as I wanted to get into My Race Queens, ultimately the site fell short of expectations. The lack of updates, the average quality video, and the non-exclusive rather generic scenes left me unimpressed. Don't get me wrong, the hardcore scenes are definitely hot and there are plenty of them to enjoy. The network access and discount price also make for a great value. However, I hoped for more from My Race Queens that what was ultimately delivered.
About the Content: Downloadable hardcore videos and pictures of beautiful Japanese models having sex, sometimes in race-themed scenes.
Download Managers: Yes, should work. Channel Max: 9 Able to pause/resume. Test Software: Speed Download
Download Speed: Download Mgr: 4.2MB/sec. Browser: 1.0MB/sec. (470MB video, 20Mbps cable internet)
Exclusive Info: Advertised: No info found. My Opinion: Appears to be non-exclusive.
File Sizes (HQ): AVI = ~400MB MPG = ~175MB MP4 = ~470MB (average size, HQ)
HD Video: No HD quality videos.
Live Cams: No free live cam shows.
Logging In: Only user/pw required. Videos don't require pw.
Model Appearance: All Asian models. Mostly amateur-looking. Body types from thin to average.
Model Info: Ages 18-30. Mostly Japan-based.
Other Content: Multi-site access.
Other Details: Music in some videos.
Pic Details: No pictures available.
Streaming Player: Medium flash player. Can jump ahead immediately. 5-10 second buffer. Smooth playback. Good quality. Film strip navigation!
Updates in Last 7 Days: None in last seven days.
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text: The Economics Department of the School of Economics and management is a national reference, both at the research and teaching levels. The majority of its faculty graduated from excellent European and North American universities, such as Oxford University, London School of Economics, Cornell University, Tinbergen Institute, European University Institute, among several others. Our research focus is has led to a great number of scientific articles published in top economics journals. As a consequence of this investment, our largest research unit received the highest grade, "Excellent", by the National Science Foundation. Students who aim to follow research careers benefit from this environment. Recently, we have had students entering in doctoral programs in places such as Oxford, LSE, or University of North Carolina – Chappel Hill. The high quality of our research is also reflected in a number of consultancy and applied research projects hired both of private firms and public institutions, both national and international.The Economics Department offers several degrees, which include two undergraduate (Economics and International Business), five masters (with different specializations) and one Ph.D program in Economics. The quality of our programs is reflected in the professional success of our past students, who have found careers in both national and international official organizations, such as the Bank of Portugal or the World Bank, or in the private sector, including several multinationals.Hopefully our correspond to your expectationsSincerely,Luís Aguiar-Conraria (firstname.lastname@example.com)


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Joplin, MO Audubon Center Helps Community Heal
Generous financial support from the Audubon family has allowed staff at Wildcat Glades Conservation & Audubon Center in Joplin to launch new summer camps and other programming for its neighbors affected by the deadly tornado.
In keeping with its role as a vital community resource for nature education and inspiration, the center has launched Operation Backyard Recovery to focus on the community's short- and long-term needs during the crisis. It is similar to an effort launched by Audubon's Pascagoula River Audubon Center in Mississippi following Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
In Joplin, Audubon is reaching out to local partners such as the Boys & Girls Clubs to offer additional summer camps and environmental education programs free of charge during this crisis. Programs will be tailored to integrate art therapy, nature journaling, volunteerism opportunities, and other learning activities to help the people of Joplin experience the healing power of nature.
This week, the center's Boys & Girls Clubs partner, which tends to some of the most economically disadvantaged children in the community, brought the first of many groups to the center. Robin McAlester, Wildcat Glades' executive director, recalls the response: "The Club's director was very touched. After sharing that many of their staff lost their homes in the tornado and three of their young members lost their lives she and expressed a heartfelt thank you saying, 'This is just the kind of program our kids, and staff, need but with limited funding and no more capacity for so many children, we wouldn't have been able to provide it for them.'"
Another program will use bird sounds to introduce visually impaired children to the wonders of nature. "I've seen this program in action, and it's one of the most powerful opportunities to watch a child's world change," said Tony Robyn, executive director of Audubon Missouri.
Earlier this month, Turnaround Ranch, a residential facility that assists troubled youth, brought 17 students who had been in some way affected by the tornado to the center to reconnect with nature through a new program focusing on trails through the chert glades.
The chert glades at the center represent a unique habitat type found primarily in southwestern Missouri. About 60 high-quality acres of this habitat are left in the world; 27 acres are within Wildcat Park, site of the center. Glades are very dry places with thin soils. Plants growing there include native grasses, cactus and wildflowers. Animals such as lizards, snakes, scorpions and tarantulas are closely adapted to the desert-like conditions. Roadrunners were once a more familiar sight on the glades, but are becoming increasingly uncommon due to shrinking habitat.
"We want our supporters to know the power of what they've done to help this community begin its long recovery," Robyn said. "The Audubon family, in Missouri and across the country, will help us show that nature can be a benevolent force as well as a destructive one."


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Former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates Connects with Eller Students
Former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates spent part of March 30 with Eller undergraduate and MBA students while he was in town to receive the 2012 University of Arizona Executive of the Year award. Includes image gallery and video.
Annual Thinking Forward Conference Spotlights Sports Marketing
For the 8th Annual Thinking Forward Conference, the Department of Marketing collaborated with the Department of Management and Organizations and the Sports Management Program to focus on sports marketing. Includes image gallery. [more]
Eller Students Go Near and Far to Gain Insight and Make Connections
Eller's undergraduate Professional Development Center is focused on creating an Eller experience that includes opportunities for students to explore career options out in the real world. This spring, two groups did just that as part of company tours and networking opportunities in Tucson and New York City. [more]
Venture Team Profile: MistoBox
McGuire Entrepreneurship teams took center stage at the New Venture Expo at the Southwest Regional Angel Summit in April. One of them, MistoBox, took home the prize of "Most Investable Venture." [more]
McGuire Center Honors Entrepreneurs with Global-Market Chops and Arizona Impact
The McGuire Center for Entrepreneurship has named Jeremy Woan and Emre Toker recipients of the 2012 Entrepreneurial Fellows awards. The awards honor Arizona's accomplished entrepreneurs and recognize their roles in the state's economic development. [more]
Marketing Faculty Investigate Social Dynamics in Post-Katrina New Orleans
Soldwedel Professor of Marketing Melanie Wallendorf teamed with then-doctoral student Michelle Weinberger to conduct an ethnographic study focusing on the question of "gifting" in post-Katrina New Orleans. [more]
UA "Thinking the Impossible" Video Highlights MIS Research Successes
UA's Thinking the Impossible video answers a series of questions stemming from leading research in management information systems and beyond, including: What if a super detective app could stop criminals in their tracks? [more]
Coming Full Circle
Molly Busch
Eller Marketing '03
Vice President, Thomas Title & Escrow
Tapping the Entrepreneurial Potential
Aaron Zeese
Eller Finance, Marketing, and Entrepreneurship '99
Founder, PAJ Enterprises
Fulbright Scholar Focused on Natural Resources
Absar Kazmi
Eller MBA '13
Refusing to Rest
David Yin
Eller Finance '12
April 27, 2012
Business Communication Spring Case Competition
April 27, 2012
Entrepreneurs' Grand Championship
May 2, 2012
A Night with the Stars Undergraduate Programs Celebration
June 5, 2012
2012 Breakfast with the Economists: A Mid-Year Economic Update from Gerald J. Swanson and Marshall J. Vest
Ariz. stays 40th in per capita income
Arizona Business Gazette : April 12, 2012
Funeral home comes back as pizzeria
The Indian Gazette : April 10, 2012
Tucson's recovery trails Phoenix's
Arizona Daily Star : April 7, 2012
UA grad programs among top in US
Arizona Daily Wildcat : March 28, 2012


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News and Updates
News and Updates
Interview with our Research Associate
Interview with Girl Determined's Research Associate
Now you have been working as a research in Girl Determined for almost two years, what are your thoughts about our work, the girls lives and the needs of girls in Burma/Myanmar?
Because we rarely see women leaders in our society, girls just simply think that taking the lead or making decisions is not for them. But Girl Determined allows girls to see a different possible reality and also to practice leadership. Most girls don't have the opportunity to think critically and through our activities girls must understand different types of problems and propose or even act on ways to solve them. For example, at camp, the girls had to come up with examples in real life where conflict led to positive and negative outcomes. They came up with the examples of the candle campaign and the Letpadaung coppermine protest. They saw that the candle campaign led to more electricity but the for the copper mine project, the conflict continues and the people still don't have their land back. We simply can't find these types of activities for girls of their age in our country.
Many of the girls are similarly improving. All of the girls come to Girl Determined without any past experience of sharing their feelings, group discussion and making presentations or speaking in front of others. Within one month, they get really into it and become eager to engage. Most girls want to lead the opening ritual and make the opening statements. They trust one another to talk about problems at school and at home or in their living place. I am worried about some girls and the reality that they might have to quit school and take on the responsibility of supporting their families. I also like that through our programs girls learn to empathize with on another. They become aware of the shared issues that girls face and become empathetic and not judgmental.
In Burma/Myanmar we are the only organization working just for the rights of girls and as far as I know there are really no organizations with specific programs designed especially to meet the girls needs or promote their rights. Girls need different program than boys because what they are facing is different and how they are looked upon by society is different, but no other organization is addressing this.
How will you know that Girl Determined's programs are successful? How will the community or country be different?
If Girl Determined is successful, in 10 years, we will likely see that our Colorful Girls will be active in social and humanitarian affairs. They will take leadership at their community level. They will consider social problems and be able to use their diplomacy, and negotiation skills to address these issues. Through Girl Determined they have learned these skills and also have got the motivation for that type of work. Realistically, this is what we can expect. In terms of changing the gender roles norms at the household level, they may not be able to change their family's ideas, but they can decide how they want to live based on their choices. At the least, they will be confident advisors and mediators for their families.
What suggestions do you have for improving the impacts of Girl Determined's work?
I would like Girl Determined to create more awareness campaigns in the community so that people will know the true value of the girls. And, girls will get to meet with local authorities and people in the community will know of their good work.
I think we need all the staff to meet together more frequently. Also, the staff should use some of their time to discuss the different issues facing the girls. During meetings, in addition to discussing the nuts and bolts of the curriculum, we should talk about the girls and our understanding of the girls' lives.
Wednesday, June 5, 2013


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Yesterday, I did the TD Five Boro Bike Tour again. As I said to my wife the night before, I often feel lucky to participate in this bike tour, and there's simply something magical about the opportunity to ride your bike through the streets of NYC, the FDR, uncontested over the Queenborough Bridge, and my favorite, the gauntlet of the BQE. However, I only wish that I actually cycled anytime during the preceding year. Aside from a brutally cold winter, I scaled back my riding time to being a daddy. This is a trade-off I'd never give up, except that I feel like I was hit by a truck, as my entire body hurts. But, I did it, and I'll do it again next year.
Couple of side notes: 1) Thanks for the mechanic team on Church and Reade streets at the beginning of the tour. My chain (albeit rusted to the core) unhinged itself on the subway, and they were able to realign it about 5 minutes before our group started. 2) I also pulled a cramp on both legs going up the Pulaski Bridge, and a second momentary panic – thinking the tour was over for me right there.


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Code of Ethics
Contact Us
The Office of Fellowship & Scholarship Opportunities
1100 North Hall
445 West 59th Street
New York, NY 10019
Tel: 646.557.4804
Fax: 646.557.4741
Office Hours
Monday - Thursday
9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Drop-in Hours
1:30 pm – 4:30 pm
Visit our office to sign up for an appointment with an advisor.
The National Association of Fellowship Advisors
Code of Ethics
Advisor Expectations of Applicants:
Prior to applications candidates will:
- Engage in self-reflection, assess long-term goals, and search for appropriate programs and funding;
- Pursue fellowships that support those goals, not fellowships that they must bend their goals to fit;
- Be aware of the high level of competition and respect the value of the process;
- During the applications process, candidates should:
- Ensure that all application materials, including but not limited to personal statements, resumes, proposals, essays, shall be the sole and original work of the applicant. Cite any sources quoted or paraphrased;
- Respond to campus and foundation communications in an honest and timely fashion;
- Apply only to those fellowships in which they have a genuine interest;
- Provide adequate and accurate information to recommenders in a timely fashion;
- Neither compose their own letters for faculty to sign (even at the request of faculty) nor ask faculty members to show them their own letters of recommendation;
- Make clear what information revealed to an advisor or recommender should remain confidential;
- Include resume and application response items that reflect an accurate and substantive contribution;
- Provide honest responses to questions in all practice and real interviews without aggrandizing accomplishments or providing deliberately misleading information to committee members;
- Treat other applicants with respect and courtesy
NAFA Code of Ethics, 2009


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Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse "1 of 1″
One of the more noteworthy vehicles unveiled by Bugatti at Pebble Beach last week was this special one-off, the Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse "1 of 1." Commissioned by an unnamed customer from Singapore, the vehicle sports the historical Bugatti family colors of black and yellow, continuing … READ MORE
Bugatti Veyron "Ettore Bugatti" Legend Edition
A full year since Bugatti revealed the first installment of its "Les Légendes de Bugatti" series, the luxury automaker has unveiled the coda. The sixth and final volume is dedicated to company founder Ettore Bugatti and once again uses the Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse as the base model. The … READ MORE
BUGATTI Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse | Black Bess Edition
Bugatti has taken the wraps off the fifth special edition Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse from its "Legends" series, this one paying tribute to the pre-war Type 18 "Black Bess," at the time the fastest road-legal car. Powering the vehicle was an inline-four 5.0-liter engine, good for a top … READ MORE
BUGATTI Veyron Vivere | By MANSORY
Most people would feel blessed to just own a stock BUGATTI Veyron Vivere. But, then again, Mansory isn't in the business to please most people; they are out to make those very, very select few who want to spend over six figures on a car even happier. … READ MORE
BUGATTI 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse | Rembrandt Bugatti Edition
The latest entrant in Bugatti's six-part Legends series is a Bugatti 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse that honors Rembrandt Bugatti, brother to Ettore. While the latter was tinkering in the garage, his younger brother was hanging out at the Antwerp Zoo, where he observed exotic animals like elephants, panthers and lions. … READ MORE
$84,000 Bugatti Belt Buckle
At a price many consumers could not even imagine, Bugatti has just released a belt buckle that costs $84,000. Yes – you read that correctly; this is a an accessory that truly is worth its weight in gold, even if it costs more than a Beamer. Designed … READ MORE
Bugatti x Desvall – Shisha Pipe
Nothing from Bugatti comes cheap, and that includes an unexpected shisha pipe from the luxury French automaker. Made in collaboration with Desvall — a Stockholm-based outfit known for their artisanal shisha pipes — the 80-centimeter tall contraption has a design inspired by "Bugatti's venerable racing heritage and … READ MORE
BUGATTI Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport Vitesse | Meo Constantini Edition
Bugatti continues to pay tribute to legendary figures in their history with another special edition Veyron, which is the third of the six part series. While the first paid tribute to Jean-Pierre Wimille and the second remembered Jean Bugatti, the third recalls the impact that Meo Constantini … READ MORE
BUGATTI Grand Sport Vitesse "Jean Bugatti" Veyron Unveiled
Following the Jean-Pierre Wimille-inspired Grand Sport Vitesse unveiled in August at Pebble Beach, Bugatti has taken the wraps off the second special-edition model from the six-part "Bugatti Legends" series. This one pays tribute to Jean Bugatti, the son of the company founder and creator of the Type … READ MORE
BUGATTI Grand Sport Vitesse | Jean-Pierre Wimille Edition
Bugatti is set to unveil the first special-edition model from the six-part "Bugatti Legends" collection, one that uses the Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse to celebrate the men that shaped its history. The vehicle is dedicated to Jean-Pierre Wimille, winner of two Bugatti victories at the prestigious 24 Hours … READ MORE
BUGATTI Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse
With a top speed of 254.04 miles per hour (or 408.84 km/h), the Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse has claimed the mantle of world's fastest open-top production car. The record-setting speed was achieved at Volkswagen Group's proving grounds in Ehra-Lessien, Germany, with Chinese racing driver Anthony Liu … READ MORE


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PPG Automotive Refinish has announced the 2015 appearance schedule of its colorful show truck.
Read More →
Introducing new counter mats for our Shop-Line paint system.
Introducing new counter mats for our Omni paint system.
P190-6930 Performance Clearcoat is designed specifically for use with AQUABASE® Plus waterborne basecoat. This clearcoat's resin technology allowed for the development of 3 compliant temperature adjusted thinners. Painters will have the option to "dial-in" the application properties to meet their environment. Learn more →
Grand Opening of Fayetteville Technical Community CollegeFayetteville Technical Community College Collision Center Fayetteville, NC 283032/4/2015
Goodguys 6th Spring NationalsWestWorld of Scottsdale 16601 North Pima Road Scottsdale, AZ 85260 3/13/2015 - 3/15/2015
Goodguys 5th Spring Lone Star NationalsTexas Motor Speedway 3545 Lone Star Circle Fort Worth, TX 76177 3/20/2015 - 3/22/2015


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Contact Info
Mail: IDEA MATH, P.O. Box 338
Exeter, NH 03833-0338
Mobile Phone: (603)686-1706
Fax: (603)772-2336
Email: email@example.com
About IDEA MATH
The IDEA MATH program has been created to help talented students who want to advance their problem solving skills, both to expand their mathematical horizons, and to maximize their performance in math competitions. We offer the following programs to for students entering 6th to 12th grade
In these programs, students will be able to expand their knowledge and to learn powerful mathematical tools that can be applied to many problems. More importantly, they will develop techniques on how to approach difficult problems, and how to apply their skill effectively to solve the problems.
IDEA MATH brings together students who take pleasure in tackling difficult math problems. Not only can students learn a great deal of math through our classes, but also they will have an opportunity to form friendships with students who, like themselves, enjoy math.
We offer courses for able students of all skill levels. Our wide variety of course offerings include topics found on many middle and high school math contests, from MATHCOUNTS, to AMC 8/10/12, AIME and to USA Math Olympiad.
IDEA MATH is an ideal supplemental program to many advanced online problem solving courses and summer math camps.
Our PhilosophyWe believe that the study of mathematics is not linear. Rather, it is a network. Simple, but curious, facts are the nodes of this network. Studying mathematics is like building spirals around these nodes and making connections between the spirals. Mathematics is a field that demands not only flexibility with numbers, symbols, and geometric objects, but also the patience to be exposed to something which is completely new and different, eventually integrating it into an ever-widening but coherent body of knowledge. Curiosity is the real driver of mathematics, science, and technological explorations, however successes can be gained only by the repetitive, sometimes even torturous, processes of investigation, false starts, inspiration, and attention to detail.


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The huffington post – government shutdown: pictures, videos, Big news on government shutdown. includes blogs, news, and community conversations about government shutdown..
Government shutdown news, photos and videos – abc news, Browse government shutdown latest news and updates, watch videos and view all photos and more. join the discussion and find more about government shutdown at abcnews.com.
Msnbc – a new government-shutdown threat emerges – the maddow blog, Both the house and senate have passed budget resolutions, which would ordinarily mean the two sides would begin the process of trying to find a compromise in.
Government shutdown 2013: photos, videos & latest news – politico.com, Latest news on government shutdown. includes blogs, videos, and pictures about government shutdown..
Politico – sen. mike lee threatens government shutdown – james, There is growing support among republicans for a plan to shut down the government to block funding for obamacare, sen. mike lee said monday. "right now, this is the.
The huffington post – government shutdown will not shut down, Washington — if the federal government shuts down, don't expect the implementation of obamacare to stop..
Gillard: australia day set to become 'citizens day' from 2014, Sydney – julia gillard this evening confirmed circulating rumours that january 26 will become citizens day from 2014 onward in all official proceedings.
United nations news centre, Un news centre – official site for daily un news, press releases, statements, briefings and calendar of events. includes un radio, video, webcasts, magazines.
Bostonglobe.com – state to delay 2-year closing of government, State transportation authorities reversed course tuesday and said they will delay major repairs to the worn government center subway station until the callahan tunnel.


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I will get the thread moving again!
See ya REAL soon!
~ Makena W.
"Keep doing what you're doing, forget what your friends say, keep loving Disney and stay as fun and as passionate and alwaus remaining a kid again." ~Lou Mongello
Tumblr WDW Radio Tumblr
Beware of the Overtakers!


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posted Sunday, January 27, 2013 at 11:28am
I've fucked furniture since I was in my mid-teens. No one knows that I do this. Over 20 years later it's still a habit. Chairs, tables, couches, ottomans- you name it, nothings off limits. I know it's incredibly strange but there's got to be others out there that do this.
Comments (12) Add New Comment
Jan 27, 2013 at 4:08 pm
Yes,apparently there is. I saw a clip of Gary Busey ( by accident ) talk about how he makes love to an inner tube. It was some sort of instructional video.
Jan 27, 2013 at 4:54 pm
I've thought about but haven't found the right piece of furniture. I'm a bit more picky about furniture. I won't settle for anything but the right shape texture and size. recommend any place to get the most fuckable ones?
Jan 27, 2013 at 4:59 pm
the first time i found out about masturbating was when i climbed this pole at 9 yrs old. i rubbed my wee wee against the pole as i climbed it and after i got up to a certain point i'd feel this incredible feeling.. a few yrs later i discovered that white stuff starting coming out and i didnt realize what it was.. i started doing this with tables and chairs, until i found a more efficient way with my hand
Jan 27, 2013 at 5:07 pm
i KNOW there are others out there who do the same thing! It's just your particular kink, and I for one think it's fucking sexy! I think there's probably a few dimensions to this habit ie- masturbating with furniture is a bit naughty/dirty/taboo... And super hot! Would love to catch you in the act!!!
Jan 27, 2013 at 5:29 pm
Jan 27, 2013 at 8:57 pm
Because you don;t know where that furnitures been or who's (or what's) been in it, if you know what I mean,
Jan 28, 2013 at 11:04 am
it's not so strange, pal. Probably you could be a great designer!
Jan 28, 2013 at 4:03 pm
...but i'm assuming the OP is a woman? I'm a guy and it's hard to imagine how i might enjoy masterbating with furniture! But having seen a number of clips of women rubbing and dry humping couches and chairs... anyway, it's hot!
Jan 28, 2013 at 4:47 pm
I'm disgusted that you can't commit to one piece of furniture. That's the problem with men in Vancouver. That's why I'm so happy I am single
Jan 28, 2013 at 10:18 pm
@not sure - I'm a man, not a woman. I assure you, it's not difficult to enjoy masturbating using furniture. This is 20+ years of experience talking. I can also masturbate the typical way but it's not nearly as satisfying. I suppose that's partially because of the habitual pattern and that's difficult to break. Of course, neither beat having actual sex but ......
@guy- If you're serious, try leather. It's smooth, not very abrasive, so your dick slides easily.
@don't.use.used- Only my own furniture. Never used, always clean!
@Iwanttobeyourarmrest- Sure! (if you're a woman that is). You're right- it's a great kink.
@dru- What the what?
@guy- If you're serious, try leather. It's smooth, not very abrasive, so your dick slides easily.
@don't.use.used- Only my own furniture. Never used, always clean!
@Iwanttobeyourarmrest- Sure! (if you're a woman that is). You're right- it's a great kink.
@dru- What the what?
Jan 29, 2013 at 1:03 am
Now there's a confession! That is how it's done
Jan 29, 2013 at 4:16 pm
Really!!? Buddy, how the hell do you get off on/in furniture? That's like hearing some guy say he gets off fucking tractors. What's the appeal?? Something from your young childhood...? mum used to massage/clean you while you were lying naked on various pieces of furniture...? Any way, lucky you!!
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The current emission legislation and environmental trends for reducing CO2 and fuel consumption are the major market forces in the transport industry. In these market sectors the internal combustion engine is the key product and downsizing, efficiency and economy are the driving forces. The more stringent future market forces and environmental considerations mean more stringent enginedownsizing, thus, novel systems are required to provide boosting solutions including hybrid, electric-motor and exhaust waste energy recovery systems for high efficiency, response, reliability, durability and compactness etc.
Most diesel engines are already equipped with aturbocharger, now engine developers are increasingly focusing on finding solutions for boosted gasoline engines. It is estimated that by 2015, turbochargers will find their way into over 50% of gasoline powertrains.
For large engines the big challenge is to enhance the high specific power and efficiency whilst reducing emission levels (NOx and SOx) with variable quality fuels. This will require turbocharging systems for very high boost pressure, efficiency and a high degree of system flexibility.


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Fine Success Magazine Magazine (A4J-Publishing)
Fine Success Magazine forever inspires you to be the best 'you'; never-ending. Success is not always measured by financial wealth, material possessions or power. Success is the feeling one has when they are able to look back and see from whence I came. Financial wealth has its place, but it can't touch the power of belief, vision, purpose and faith. We showcase your positive progress and achievements.


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Arkansas Razorbacks Football
Four Downs: Tight End Success; Special Teams Changes
1. Tight End Talk: Arkansas got another big outing from its tight ends Saturday.
Razorback Rewind - Georgia 45, Arkansas 32
Grading the Five Keys
Letdown in Little Rock: Georgia Roughs Up Razorbacks
LITTLE ROCK — Arkansas coach Bret Bielema saw the improvement.
Blocking Abandons Razorbacks in Loss
LITTLE ROCK — Deception comes in several forms. The least of those may be appearance.
Notes: Chubb Runs Wild, Marshall Suspended
LITTLE ROCK — Georgia played on the road without one of the nation's best running backs for the second straight week.
Georgia 45, Arkansas 32 - Key Performers
Key Performers in Arkansas' 45-32 loss to Georgia:
Georgia 45, Arkansas 32 - Key Numbers
Key numbers from Arkansas' 45-32 loss to Georgia:
Confident Defense Ready For Next Challenge
FAYETTEVILLE — Arkansas safety Rohan Gaines has been through the lean seasons.
Arkansas vs. No. 10 Georgia - Pregame Analysis
Derby Developing at New Position
FAYETTEVILLE — Zach Derby was in Razorback Stadium last Saturday and, like everyone else, couldn't believe it when he saw the play unfolding.
Four Downs: Fixing Four Down Issues; Mitchell Makes Most of Time
1. Fixing Fourth Down: Arkansas offensive coordinator Jim Chaney said Sunday he planned to re-evaluate what the Razorbacks were doing in short-yardage situations after two prominent misfires against Texas A&M and Alabama.
Midseason Report: Hogs Feel Close to Breakthrough
FAYETTEVILLE — It didn't take long for Arkansas coach Bret Bielema's emotions to show after last Saturday's 14-13 loss to seventh-ranked Alabama.
Four Downs: Linebacker Update, Hogs Ready If Gurley Plays
1. Ellis Update: Arkansas coach Bret Bielema said Arkansas linebacker Brooks Ellis is recovering quickly from the bruised knee he suffered against Alabama.
UGA Takes East Lead Without Gurley
FAYETTEVILLE — Georgia had to get through an important SEC East showdown at Missouri without its biggest star last Saturday.
Four Downs: Hogs Still Scoreless in Fourth Quarter
1. Scoreless Fourth: Arkansas spent two weeks working on its fourth quarter flaws after suffering a 35-28 overtime loss to Texas A&M. The struggles – at least on offense – didn't end in the 14-13 loss to Alabama in Razorback Stadium last Saturday.
Arkansas Unveils 2014 Schedule
FAYETTEVILLE — Arkansas is still trying to navigate through the 2014 season.
Bielema Hopes Collins Rebounds From 'Bad Stretch'
FAYETTEVILLE — Arkansas running back Alex Collins has turned in plenty of impressive performances in his 18 games with the Razorbacks.
Four Downs: Ellis Doubtful Because of Knee Injury
1. Ellis Likely Out: Arkansas coach Bret Bielema said the Razorbacks likely will be without starting middle linebacker Brooks Ellis against 10th-ranked Georgia on Saturday.
SEC: Referee Made Mistake Running Clock
FAYETTEVILLE — The Southeastern Conference issued a statement indicating an officiating mistake at the end of Alabama's 14-13 win against Arkansas.
Razorback Rewind — Alabama 14, Arkansas 13
Grading the Five Keys


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Listen in a new window or your own player: 64k mp3 | 128k mp3 | 320k mp3
WCBN FREE Night at the Movies: Superstar
The film covers Karen Carpenter from the time of her "discovery" in 1966 to her untimely death by cardiac arrest (secondary to anorexia nervosa) in 1983.
The film is told by barbie dolls.
Night of Noise: A WCBN tradition
Musicians and noisemakers alike had a great time during Friday's Night of Noise.
UMMA Asks You to Make a Mixtape! Sponsored by WCBN
Hey you! Make a mixtape or playlist of ten songs that you would enjoy listening to while browsing the galleries at UMMA, then visit the Museum and listen to your mix. Submit your playlist and tell the museum about your experience. UMMA asks that you make sure to include which galleries you were in, or if your songs relate to any specific artworks.
LOVE ART MORE is an ongoing participatory project inviting UM students to explore, animate and broaden their relationship to art and to UMMA. We've created a series of simple prompts for things to make and do – and everyone is invited to get involved!
Sponsored by WCBN
WCBN Fundaiser 2014 February 7-16th
We love you madly, so call us or donate online during our fundraiser.
Check out our album of station memorabilia that you can adopt! For a pledge of $88.30 you can slap your name on our hearts. Or our fridge. Or the turntable. Or Mothra. Clicky here! bit.ly/1fE8cM8
WCBN's new transmitter pt. 1
The installation of our new transmitter and antenna has begun! WCBN is soon going to be broadcasting at 3000 watts instead of our current 200 watts. We hope to be on the air at 3000 watts as soon as possible!
On Saturday Oct. 26, 2013, the fine folks from the UM Plant Dept. carried a handful of I-Beam pieces (up to 400 lbs!) and antenna tower sections up to the very topmost roof of the Dennison building, where our antenna lives.
Read More at Tom Bray's blog


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Micromax has always been known for providing Indians with a cheap and good solution for mobile phones. The company was started in 1991 and soon spread across all over India. They have around 23 offices in India and have opened up few at Dubai, USA, Hong Kong and Nepal too. At the moment Micromax is trying very hard to give competition to other brands in India by introducing great phones with low price tags.
Here's one such phone from Micromax, which also happened to set a Guinness World Record for being the world's lightest touch phone. It's known as Micromax Modu T, and it was built by Micromax in collaboration with the Israeli company Modu.
There are a couple of things you should know about this phone before you go on to read it's specifications. First and foremost, the Modu T is the world's lightest 3G touch phone. Why? Because it basically weighs only about 55grams without the attachments. What attachments? Well, there's this 'Camerafy' attachment, you can see it in the picture above, which adds a 5 megapixel camera to the Modu T and there's another 'Sportify' attachment that turns it into a exercise buddy.
Here are the specifications for the Micromax Modu T:
- A 2.2 inch QVGA LCD Resistive Touch Display with 320 x 240 resolution
- Qualcomm QSC6270 chipset with BREW operating system
- HSDPA – 3.6Mbps, Bluetooth, GPRS, expandable memory up to 32GB via microSD slot
- 5 megapixel camera extension jacket(attachment)
- Most interesting feature or rather specification, is it's weight – 55grams.
The phone is available at all leading Micromax and Mobile retailers for a price tag of Rs. 9700. You can also buy it from Infibeam for Rs. 9665, till stocks last.
[ Source: Micromax ]
Personally I adore Micromax mobile for their style icon phones. If you will notice all the phones from Micromax are usually stylish and non traditional, which makes it a youth icon phone. Do share your views and opinion about Micromax modu?


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You are here: Main / Customer Services / Public Communications Division / 2014 / 03/14/14 Portions of Kalakaua to close Sunday morning for Hawaii Five-0 shoot | ||||
Friday, March 14, 2014 Contact: Jesse Broder Van Dyke 768-6928 Portions of Kalakaua to close Sunday morning for Hawaii Five-0 shoot Waikiki - All vehicle travel lanes of Kalakaua Avenue will be closed this Sunday morning, March 16, from 7 a.m. to 11 a.m., between Kuhio Avenue and Lewers Street. Pedestrians will be allowed to proceed to stores, hotels, and side streets but may be asked to wait a few minutes while a scene is being filmed. Traffic will not be allowed to cross Kalakaua Avenue at Saratoga Road onto Kalaimoku Street. Mayor Kirk Caldwell commented on the benefits of the production to the City and County of Honolulu. "Hawaii Five-0 highlights the beauty of Oahu to millions of viewers around the world and inspires new visitors to come to Waikiki, in addition to employing hundreds of local crew members." said Mayor Kirk Caldwell. "The episode they will be filming this Sunday will make an exciting finale to the fourth season. I thank Waikiki residents, businesses, and hotels for their understanding, and the producers for doing this on a Sunday morning in order to minimize disruption. I also want to thank the producers, actors, and the entire crew for working so hard and, as a result, getting Hawaii Five-0 renewed for a fifth season. We look forward to having them back in production this July." Kalakaua Avenue is being closed to allow Hawaii Five-0 to shoot on the road in a safe manner. No principal actors will be involved in Sunday's shoot. Driving shots that require road control for the safety of the public as well as the production crew will be filmed during the closure hours. As is standard with Kalakaua Avenue road closures, Olohana and Kalaimoku Streets will be closed between Kuhio and Kalakaua Avenues. Lewers Street between Kalia Road and Kalakaua Avenue and the makai portion of Beachwalk near Kalia Road will become two-way streets. Standard parade access procedures will be in effect. The early Sunday morning start time was chosen because it is one of the times with the least amount of vehicle traffic and the fewest number of businesses open in that area. Also, the specific location was selected because it affects the fewest number of businesses and residents in the area. The filming will be a part of the season finale episode that will air on Friday, May 9, 2014 at 8 p.m. Hawaii Time. The estimated viewership for this episode (in the United States alone) is 16 million people. Hawaii Five-0 generates approximately 300 full time jobs and a total of over 2,600 employment opportunities for local residents and does business with approximately 650 different local vendors over the course of each season. Hawaii Five-0 is currently shooting Season 4 and will return in July to start filming Season 5. -END- |


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What is the SFS Retreat?
The Planning Committee for the 2011-2012 Student-Faculty-Staff (SFS) Retreat is accepting applications from Stony Brook University students who would like to be considered for participation in this year's event. The SFS Retreat will begin when buses leave campus at 12:30 p.m. on Friday, February 3, 2012, and will end later that night at 8:30 p.m.
This one-da yoff-campus retreat will be held at the Port Jefferson Community Center. In this, its twenty-sixth year, the retreat brings together a diverse mix of nerly 100 Stony Brook students, faculty, staff and administrators who will focus their attention on our theme:
Building a supportive and caring campus community
What is the SFS Retreat?
The SFS Retreat is an annual Stony Brook tradition where select students, professors and administrators are invited to participate together as a "think tank" to better understand and continue to improve our community. A theme is chosen each year as an area of focused thought and attention. One of the mose important tenets of the retreat is the sense of community and belonging that results from the retreat activities. Because space is limited for all parties, it is considered an honor to attend.
The specific benefits of attending are:
- Being a part of dialogue to help improve the campus, the campus climate and the student experience
- Spending a day off-campus with respected scholars and educators to jointly develop recommendations for the enrichment of the university
- Helping faculty and administrators understand the Stony Brook experience from students' points of view.
- It's a lot of fun, free and the food is great!
How do I apply?
The Planning Committee for the 2011-2012 Student-Faculty-Staff (SFS) Retreat welcomes applications from students who are active in campus life, would like to become more involved, and those who think they can add value to the important theme of this year's retreat. Students from all class years and major areas of study are invited to apply. The application process is competitive, so please make sure to submit your materials in a careful and timely manner.
To apply to the 2012 SFS Retreat, please click on the link below.
Student-Faculty-Staff (SFS) Retreat Student Application
Please note that on the last page of the application, you will be asked to upload your one-page, double-spaced response to one of the following three questions. Please write your response ahead of time and copy and paste it into the application before submitting. Only applications with essay response will be considered complete.
Please note that even if you are not selected to participate in this year's SFS retreat, the ideas and input from your essay will still be drawn upon to help contribute to the planning, conversation and final recommendations.
Essay Background
The Stony Brook Community Pledge was launched in February 2011 as a way to bring life to and provide an opportunity for students, faculty and staff to commit themselves to the ideals of the university's Statement of Community. Both the Statement of Community and the Community Pledge reflect Stony Brook's value of each individual and the principles of community.
Many subsequent programs and efforts have followed the launch of the Community Pledge as ways to bring the pledge to life and help create a more caring community. Examples include Community Week held this fall, 29 Days of Giving hosted by the Community Service club and the Community of Awesome blog which provides a way to tell the stories of many of the great things that happen each day.
Essay Question
Please discuss what you think a caring, supportive campus community looks and feels like. In your discussion, please address: 1) what role can and should a university play in shaping a caring campus climate? 2) Areas that may need attention to help achieve this. 3) What are some ways that students, faculty and staff can each further help bring to life the principles of the Statement of Community and The Community Pledge?
Applications can only be submitted online and all submissions must be received
by 5 p.m. on December 23, 2011.


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fact really great site sweet pics
You've made plenty of buying decisions bad on stereotypes, rather than actually testing the products first. Don't be ashamed, we've all done it. So we've rounded up a diverse bag of product nerds to help make sense of skateboarding's longest-standing stereotypes. Is it fact? Is it fiction? That's for you to decide.
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fact really great site sweet pics


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The PRSA Group Membership program offers ease of access and additional member benefits that help you focus on what matters most — building business and energizing your team. In addition to team benefits, our program provides employers with:
If you have any questions or would like additional information, please contact Pamela R. Weess, CAE.Technical Difficulties? Contact our Technical Help Desk.


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Would you be willing to answer a few brief questions about PlayStation Forums?
PastyNerd wrote:I remember when it was announced, I was looking forward to it, because the previews looked interesting. I read that as of june or july (I forgot), it only sold around one-hundred something thousand.
I read that the voip is partially broken, and spawn camping is a serious issue. I got bored of Battlefield 3. Also, Uncharted 3's matchmaking is the worst in video game history, so I don't really play that much anymore either.
I was kind of looking for another "main" multiplayer game, and this looked interesting. So, uh... what happened?
Starhawk flopped because of the noobification job lightbox did on it. .Snap-aim sucks, circles around enemy opponents
so that you can keep up with them in the air. Weak flight modes, canned dodgeing, no capturable bases. Weak gamplay
gound and air. IMO that's why this game flopped. No challenge for players coming over from warhawk, warhawk is just
the opposite, takes time to gain your skill, air and ground can be difficult to master, warhawk keeps ya coming back for
the challenge. Starhawk i got bored with it at the beta level.
I personally don't understand why guys who consider themselves gamers rage quit (referring to the 30-0 warhawk vet versus noobs comment). I started playing Warhawk relatively late, and because of that, by the time I joined there were already very good pilots. So what'd I do? I became a great tank player so that I could get kills. I worked hard to later become a decent pilot.
Instead I always hear "I lost a game badly, let me quit and never play again." Drama queens. Unless you're constantly outnumbered, try to figure out a way to kill that guy!! If a guy went 30-0 against me in a game, I will do ANYTHING to kill him in the next game. People have to learn honor and determination. Win some respect from somebody.
Winscar_Shinobi wrote:
1. It's a third person shooter
2. There are better shooters out and in beta (dust 514 and next week planet side 2, and several other shooters because the market is saturated)
3. No one wants to play because they just get trashed by some warhawk vet with 1000 hours. (also a reason why dust 514 will have a low player base.)
4. Because not warhawk 2.
5. Some don't like playing games where the host has an inherit advantage over everyone because no lag.
6. Because when people buy a game, telling them "to wait for the patch" is one of the most idiotic things you can do. Either make the game work out of the box, or don't release it. (lol Bethesda worst offender in game history)
7. Like I said. Playerbase is self destructive. Everytime one of you hawk vets go 30-0 vs noobs chances are you are making them want to quit. And when you do that in a beta you deter them from buying the game.
8. Too predictable. 1-2 things are superior to everything else.
Winscar_Shinobi wrote:
Unfortunately that is how gamers are now. This new generation (teens) mostly want things easy and handed to them. Mostly. Know there are some great little gamers in the age group.
You're right (and this game does have a steep online learning curve).
But you also have another type of gamer who love to constantly anihilate new players who are not really familiar with the game (probably to satisfy their ego or give them a kind of sense of self-worth). I guess few people like to remain in a 25 min base rapes / spawn campest just to satisfy the other team's ego. This will also hurt the community since in order to want to improve at the game, you must first have fun playing it. Taking base rapes after base rapes so you can eventually base rape newer players is not what some people consider fun.
The best example I can give you is Dark Souls. Since invasion / coop is based on the character level, you had players who purpously didn't level up their characters so they could invade low level players while having end game equipment thus make them nearly invicible while have the ability to one shot the other player even through a shield (once a glitch was found that allowed to transfer equipment to a new character, things got even worse). They even let the "victim" hit them knowing it would barely damage them and even taunted the player with a "Well, what is it?" gesture. The end result of that behavior: You could barely find anyone to coop with a the lower level areas, people disconnected from PSN when you invaded them (even guenuine low level equipement), or you ended up summoning for coop players who where equiped to deal with those griefers, but they overpowered every enmy in the area and killed the boss in 4-5 shot at most thus removing all challenge from the game (naturally you could also counter them by doing the same, but you would break the difficulty of the game). It killed the online portion of the game a lower levels. It's realy not ideal when you need a certain player base for the online to be enjoyable.


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Economics of Law Practice Seminar
University of Iowa College of Law
Jeremy Holmes
Are you planning on going into private practice at a prestigious firm after law school graduation? Do you also plan on having a well-balanced life outside of work in addition to your large, attractive starting salary? Well, if your firm uses hourly billing, as most firms do, you may need to modify those expectations.
Today, many large law firms require new associates to bill in excess of two thousand hours per year. A few firms expect young associates to bill up to twenty-five hundred hours each year. In order to bill twenty-two hundred hours per year, it has been calculated that an associate needs to spend thirty-three hundred hours at the office.1 That works out to over nine hours every day, including weekends and holidays.
Maybe you aren't worried because your law firm doesn't expect that much billing. Well, a recent survey showed that associates billed an average of 1,819 hours annually.2 And if you plan on taking it easy when you make partner, bear in mind that the average partner billed 1,783 hours each year.3
That much time in the office eventually takes its
toll, both physically and mentally. A survey by the Young Lawyers
Division of the ABA found that seventy-one percent of men and eighty-four
percent of women attorneys were too tired to do anything after coming home
from work.4
Do you plan on recovering by taking that four-week
vacation offered by your law firm? The same survey showed that fifty-percent
of lawyers took less than a two-week vacation.5
Many associates are unable to take longer vacations for fear of not meeting
billing expectations.
These are some of the factors for law school graduates to consider when examining employment opportunities. Unfortunately, the high cost of a legal education and resultant debt limit the options of many lawyers who are just starting their career. Lucrative starting salaries and attractive perks at a private firm are certainly appealing and they may be right for some attorneys. But consider the pressures of hourly billing on other aspects of an attorney's life. One scholar has warned that "having it all" has unfortunately become "the impossible dream."6 She has observed that the untenable choice is to work long hours and achieve professional success only at the cost of being a stranger to one's children, uninvolved in one's community and distant to one's spouse.7
The widespread use of hourly billing is a relatively recent development.8 And, as with most modes of compensation, there are both benefits and detriments. Since its beginnings, hourly billing has received criticism and proposals for reform and modification. The validity and impact of hourly billing have also been examined by the courts, professional legal associations, and scholars.
This paper is a brief summary of some of the public
policy, social impact, and ethical issues surrounding this form of attorney
compensation. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of hourly
billing from an attorney's perspective, along with possible alternatives.
This paper is part of a seminar examining the economics of law practice
for the benefit of new attorneys.
Today, the most common method of computing compensation for the service of an attorney in private civil practice is hourly billing. Hourly billing, as the term suggests, simply compensates the attorney (or law firm) for the number of hours expended on legal services for a client multiplied by a fixed hourly rate. For example, if an associate bills at a fixed rate of $145 per hour (the average hourly rate for associates according to a recent survey),9 and spends ten hours (often broken into six-minute intervals) working on a client's affairs, the client will receive a total bill of $1,450. This example highlights one of the benefits of hourly billing: simplicity.
Hourly billing also makes it easy for an attorney to fulfill his duty to disclose up front the basis on which a client will be charged for legal services and expenses. An attorney is required to communicate to the client the rate of fee, preferably in writing, before or within a reasonable time after commencing representation.10
An attorney's bill should clearly show how the amount
due has been computed. The attorney must not directly charge the
client for ordinary overhead expenses associated with staffing, equipping,
and running the attorney's office, but the attorney may charge the client
for the actual cost to the attorney of special services such as photocopying,
long distance calls, computer research, special deliveries, and secretarial
overtime.11 Furthermore,
an attorney must not charge the client more than her actual cost for services
provided by third parties, such as court reporters, travel agents, and
expert witnesses. Therefore, overhead costs and salaries must be
built into the hourly rate in advance.
Moreover, an attorney is not allowed to "double-bill"
hours.12 An oft cited example
of double-billing is a scenario where an attorney spends three hours working
on one client's case while flying on an airplane to take depositions in
another client's case, and the attorney bills both clients for three hours
of work.
Hourly billing was originally justified in part because
of its objectivity and its efficiency. That is, hourly billing allows
clients to compare the rates of various attorneys and know in advance how
much they will be charged for time expended.
However, hourly billing has received its share of criticism from within
and without the profession.13
It has been pointed out that hourly billing can lead to the padding of
legal bills,14 the provision of
frivolous legal services (such as abuses of discovery),15
penalization of efficiency and rewarding inefficient attorneys,16
and unfairness to certain clients because of attorney inexperience.17
A lawyer's hourly rate is usually standard and reflects the lawyer's experience and reputation. The number of hours expended on any given matter is a product of the amount in controversy, client goals, the contentious nature of the matter, and complexity of the matter.18
The primary ethical limitation on attorney's fees
required by courts is that fees be reasonable.19
Professional ethics rules provide similar guidance for attorneys.
ABA Model Code of Professional Responsibility Disciplinary Rule 2-106 prohibits
excessive fees in terms of whether the fee is reasonable. ABA Model
Rule of Professional Conduct 1.5(a) simply states that a lawyer's fee shall
be reasonable.
The Rules list eight factors to be used in determining
the reasonableness of a fee: (1) the time and labor required, the novelty
and difficulty of the questions involved, and the skill requisite to perform
the legal service properly; (2) the likelihood, if apparent to the client,
that the acceptance of the particular employment will preclude other employment
by the lawyer; (3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar
legal services; (4) the amount involved and the results obtained; (5) the
time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances; (6) the
nature and length of the professional relationship with the client; (7)
the experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyer or lawyers performing
the services; and (8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent.
These factors were first introduced in the 1974 case
Johnson v. Georgia Highway Express, Inc.20
Following the Johnson case, a "lodestar" formula was used with increasing
frequency by the courts in examining fees.21
The lodestar represents the product of the reasonable rate of compensation
(in a comparable market) multiplied by the reasonable number of hours expended.
This lodestar figure may be adjusted, up or down, according to other factors.
The Supreme Court adopted a hybrid approach combining
Johnson factors and the lodestar formula in the 1983 case Hensley v.
Eckerhart.22 In
the following year, the Court determined in Blum v. Stenson23
that the proper first step in calculating a fee is to multiply
the number of hours reasonably expended on the matter by a reasonable hourly
rate. Virtually all of the Johnson factors were subsumed into the
lodestar formula. Any upward adjustments in the fee are allowed only
in rare and exceptional circumstances.24
Those cases indicated a strong presumption in favor
of the hybrid approach, with more emphasis on the lodestar formula than
on the Johnson factors. However, by 1989 in Blanchard v. Bergeron,25
the Court appeared to relax the rule of "rare and exceptional
circumstances." The Court acknowledged Johnson factors as relevant
to adjustment of the lodestar figure, noting that no specific factor may
substitute for the lodestar.26
In other words, even though a number of the Johnson factors are already
considered to be present in the lodestar calculation, it appears that any
of the Johnson factors may provide a sufficient basis for further adjustment
of the lodestar figure.27
As noted earlier, straight hourly billing has both advantages and disadvantages. Richard Reed, a scholar on hourly billing and alternative billing issues, has developed a comprehensive list of the attributes of straight hourly billing in his book Billing Innovations: New Win-Win Ways To End Hourly Billing.28 Advantages of straight hourly billing for attorneys and clients identified by Reed include:29
Disadvantages of straight hourly billing for both attorneys and
clients identified by Reed include:30
In light of these advantages and disadvantages, Reed argues that
straight hourly billing is most appropriate for use:31
There are other generic billing methods that may serve as an alternative to straight hourly billing. They include:32
1. Fixed or flat fees,
2. Contingent fees,
3. Blended hourly,
4. Fixed or flat plus hourly,
5. Hourly plus a contingency,
6. Percentage,
7. Retrospective based on value,
8. Availability-only retainer,
9. Retainer as a deposit against future services,
10. Unit,
11. Lodestar,
12. Relative value, and
13. Statutory or other scheduled fee system.
The fixed or flat fee is merely the price that will be charged for a defined service (i.e. $100 for drafting a will or $250 for a no-contest divorce). This method can be used for routine services that an attorney has experience dealing with on a consistent basis. It is also useful for commodity services in a highly competitive market. Fixed fee billing requires a certain level of experience so that an attorney can foresee the needed services and reduce any risk of lowered profitability.33
A contingent fee depends on the results achieved by an attorney in a particular case. In a contingency arrangement the attorney agrees to receive as a fee a certain percentage (usually thirty or forty percent) of recovered damages or settlements, if any. Contingency fees open the door to many clients that might otherwise be unable to afford the services of an attorney. The client pays only if the attorney "wins" the case. Thus, the attorney bears the risk in each case. This provides an incentive to the attorney to be efficient and achieve results quickly. In the long run a competent attorney will be able to subsidize potentially unsuccessful cases with the income received from successful cases. Contingent fees should be used when an attorney's expertise and reputation attract cases. The attorney must be skilled in screening the cases for likelihood of success.34
Blended hourly billing is a hybrid of straight hourly billing. One rate applies to all hours billed on a matter regardless of whether an associate or partner did the particular task. Blended hourly billing should be used when the work involves a typical pattern and it is known which attorney will be doing the work. However, it should be avoided when the work varies in the required level of expertise and specialization.35
In fixed plus hourly billing, the portions of services that can be defined are charged on a fixed basis, while the portions that involve variables or uncertainties are charged on an hourly basis. This billing method balances the risk and predictability of the fee between the attorney and client. It should be used when some, but not all, of the contemplated services can be defined and a fixed fee quoted.36
Hourly billing plus a contingency fee allows the client and lawyer to share the risks and rewards of representation. This method guarantees the attorney will receive a certain minimum amount. And as is the case in straight contingency fee arrangements, both the client and attorney are motivated to obtain maximum results. This method should be used with carefully selected clients after a careful appraisal of the chances of success.37
Percentage fees are based on a schedule of fees related to the amount in controversy. Examples include a percentage of the amount of an estate being probated, or the amount of a real estate transaction, or the amount of a bond issue. The percentage may be fixed or graduated.38
The availability only retainer is sometimes referred to as a "pure retainer" or "right-to-call retainer." This retainer is a fee for which no direct services will be performed. Rather, the retainer insures the lawyer's commitment to be available when requested and to refrain from representing adverse clients or competitors during a certain time frame. This method should be used when the mutual benefits to the client and attorney outweigh the disadvantages. Furthermore, an attorney should use this method only if the monetary amount is large enough to justify being unable to take on other clients.39
The unit fee is similar to the fixed or flat fee in that a fixed charge is made for a specific service irrespective of the actual time spent in providing that service. For example, each phone call, letter, or deposition has a fixed charge. This can simplify timekeeping. In order to use this method, the lawyer must have accurate knowledge of the typical time required to provide a specific service.40
In relative value billing a schedule is compiled that breaks down the services performed by subject matter and by task. Each service is assigned a relative value. Each attorney can have a different basic rate factored into the equation. This method recognizes that tasks performed by an attorney differ in value. It can be used when the tasks can be classified and are reasonably predictable.41
As illustrated above, there are many alternatives
to straight hourly billing. Each method of billing has its own unique
advantages and disadvantages. None are necessarily better or worse
than straight hourly billing. The preceding examples highlight the
need for different methods of billing in different situations. Therefore,
a young attorney hanging up his shingle in solo practice should be aware
of alternative billing techniques. An attorney shouldn't feel compelled
to use straight hourly billing in all circumstances. Rather, an attorney
should use the method of billing that is optimal for both herself and her
A scholar has noted that a bumper sticker once popular
amongst law students asked "Is there life after law school?"42
(On a related note: Is there life during law school?) Many
contend that the answer to that question is "No." The pressures of
hourly billing have certainly contributed to this growing dissatisfaction
with the legal profession. The study by the ABA Young Lawyers Division
found that twenty-eight percent of men and forty-one percent of women in
private practice were dissatisfied with their career.43
In part this dissatisfaction arises because hourly
billing requires an attorney to spend significant amounts of time in the
office, which in turn reduces the time available for non-professional pursuits.
Hourly billing forces most associates to meet high billing expectations
in order to keep hopes of a partnership alive. Obviously, the pressure
of hourly billing eventually has an impact on other aspects of an attorney's
Hourly billing also has its pitfalls when viewed
from the client's perspective. Clients are billed for time spent,
no matter how unproductive the attorney may have been. Furthermore,
a young associate has an incentive to rack up as many hours as possible.
This may tempt an attorney to pad a client's bill. The interests
of the client may not be adequately served in all cases by straight hourly
Perhaps a move to value billing would better serve
clients by reducing incentives for over-billing and padding. Value
billing might permit lawyers to be more efficient and utilize previous
research. For many attorneys, value billing might be more conducive
to a balanced life. Value billing might make it easier for an attorney
to work a forty-hour week.
Despite these benefits, engrained habits die hard.
Firms are likely to continue using hourly billing for the foreseeable future.
A law student considering joining a private firm practice should carefully
weight the benefits and burdens springing from hourly billing. Those
hanging up their own shingle should compare hourly billing with alternative
methods of compensation. However imperfect, hourly billing remains
the standard method for determining the compensation for an attorney today.
The information in this historical background section is from Professor William Ross' article, The Ethics of Hourly Billing By Attorneys.44 The article provides a thorough summary of the historical development of compensation for legal services.
Lawyers in the early Roman Empire were both advocates and patrons.45 As patrons, they were obliged to protect and serve those dependent upon them.46 Thus, lawyers would provide legal advice and services to their clients without compensation.47 This practice continued over time even when clients were no longer dependents of their lawyers, in part because lawyers were wealthy individuals attempting to gain public recognition and political gain from their advocacy.48 Eventually it became customary for clients to pay an honorarium to their lawyer for legal services.49 However, in 204 B.C. the enactment of a statute known as Lex Cincia prohibited anyone from receiving compensation for pleading a case.50 Two centuries later Emperor Augustus prohibited lawyers from accepting compensation, subject to a penalty of fourfold forfeiture.51 Over time the custom of giving gratuities for legal services developed despite the penalty, until eventually Emperor Claudius established a graduated scale of maximum fee compensation.52 Emperor Justinian later allowed actions for the recovery of maximum fees but condemned the use of contingent fees.53
Fees in England were permitted although regulated during the medieval period, until being replaced by a market-based approach in the 1600s.54 Time was only one factor in determining appropriate compensation for legal services. Other factors to be considered included the amount in dispute, labor, the usage of the court, and the advocate's reputation, learning, and eloquence.55
The American colonies regulated compensation with
numerous fee schedules. For example, Virginia fixed low fees, payable
in tobacco, with stiff penalties for excessive fees.56
As colonies, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, New York, New Hampshire, and
Massachusetts also utilized fee schedules.57
However, the regulation of fees only applied to litigation fees, which
were shifted to the losing party.58
Thus, lawyers were allowed to enhance their income through gratuities or
Many of the states followed the colonies and continued to utilize fee
regulations, consistent with the legislative regulation of economic matters
typical of that era.60 Over
time, these regulations became subject to increasing criticism by attorneys
and were frequently ignored, until most were repealed in the 1800s as the
courts began to recognize the right of attorneys to collect fees in excess
of the regulations.61 This
trend reflected the increased resentment of government regulation and the
growing belief in free market economics.62
The fee schedules were criticized for being inaccurate and for interfering with the ability of individuals to privately contract.63 Furthermore, attorneys of that era were uncomfortable with the similarity of the fee schedules to the restrictive regulations of working-class trade unions and associations.
After the fee schedules were abolished, attorneys
began to utilize time, the difficulty of the work, and the outcomes achieved,
in factoring appropriate legal fees.64
At this point contingent fees started to gain in popularity and were finally
approved with reluctance by the American Bar Association in 1908.65
However, until the 1960s most attorneys did not
keep time records. Rather, most fees were computed based on bar association
and court approved uniform schedules or upon the utilization of factors
outlined in the canons of ethics.66
Thus, it was common for different attorneys to bill different legal fees
for the same legal services, based upon the discretion and subjective criteria
of each attorney.67
Hourly billing started to gain popularity in the 1960s and 1970s for several reasons. From management studies attorneys began to recognize that those attorneys who kept time records earned more that those who did not.68 Also, clients were better able to grasp the concept and application of hourly billing in comparison to a value of services formula.69 Hourly billing also allowed business clients to value the "product" they were purchasing from a law firm and better justify legal expenses.70 Initially time was still only one factor in the computation of fees, but through the 1970s hourly billing based solely on time expended became the norm.71 Since then the use of hourly billing has gained widespread acceptance, with many firms now billing in excess of 2,000 hours per attorney annually.72
1 See WILLIAM G. ROSS, THE HONEST HOUR: THE ETHICS OF TIME-BASED BILLING BY ATTORNEYS (1996).
2 See Billing Rates & Hours Up, Profits Mainly Flat, ACCOUNTING FOR LAW FIRMS, (Sept. 1998) (highlighting the findings of Altman Weil's 1998 Survey of Law Firm Economics).
3 Id.
5 Id. at 23.
6 Judith L. Maute, Balanced Lives in a Stressful Profession: An Impossible Dream?, 21 CAP. U.L.REV. 797, 809 (1992) (warning that the legal profession must recognize the impact of stress on the quality of practice and life, while offering proposals for improvement).
7 Id.
8 See infra Part V, Appendix A, for more detail on the origins of hourly billing.
9 See Billing Rates, supra note 2.
10 See ABA Model Rule 1.5.
11 See Restatement of the Law Governing Lawyers 50(3)(a)(Proposed Final Draft No. 1, 1996).
12 See ABA Formal Op. 93-379 (1993).
13 See e.g., City of Burlington v. Dague, 505 U.S. 557, 566, 112 S.Ct. 2638, 120 L.Ed. 2d 449 (1992)(citing Report of the Federal Courts Study Committee 104 (Apr. 2, 1990)(noting that the "lodestar" method (i.e. hourly billing) may give an incentive to work and bill unnecessary hours)).
14 In re Vista Foods USA, Inc., 234 B.R. 121, 125 (1999), citing Ross, supra note 1, at 12-13; DEREK BOK, THE COST OF TALENT 149 (Free Press 1993); Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Dedicatory Address, 62 IND.L.J. 151 (1987).
15 In re Vista Foods USA, Inc., 234 B.R. at 125-26, citing Ross; Bok; SOL LINOWITZ & MARTIN MAYER, THE BETRAYED PROFESSION 106-10 (Scribner 1994).
16 In re Vista Foods USA, Inc. 234 B.R. at 125-26, citing Ross; Alberta Cook, Hourly Fees Are Still The Key, NAT. LAW JOURNAL, Nov. 1988, at S2.
17 In re Vista Foods USA, Inc. 234 B.R. at 125-26, citing Paul Freeman, Is Hourly Billing Obsolete?, 10 CALIF. LAWYER (Feb. 1990).
18 See Herbert M. Kritzer et al., Understanding the Costs of Litigation: The Case of the Hourly-Fee Lawyer, 1985 AM. B. FOUND. RES. J. 559.
19 See Missouri v. Jenkins, 491 U.S. 274, 285, (1989).
20 488 F.2d 714, 717-19 (5th Cir. 1974) (involving a Title VII matter).
21 See Sidney C. Volinn, The Role of Lodestar In The Setting of Attorney Fees, in BEYOND THE BILLABLE HOUR (Richard Reed ed. 1989).
24 Id. at 898-900. See also Pennsylvania v. Delaware Valley Citizens' Council for Clean Air, 478 U.S. 546, 565 (Delaware Valley I) (considering the propriety of an attorney's fee award pursuant to section 304(d) of the Clean Air Act, which provides that in any action to enforce the Act, the court may award costs of litigation, including a reasonable attorney's fee).
26 Id. at 94.
27 See id.
28 RICHARD REED, BILLING INNOVATIONS, NEW WIN-WIN WAYS TO END HOURLY BILLING, 14-16 (1996). As of 1996, Reed had also authored BEYOND THE BILLABLE HOUR: AN ANTHOLOGY OF ALTERNATIVE BILLINGS METHODS, along with WIN-WIN BILLING STRATEGIES: ALTERNATIVES THAT SATISFY YOUR CLIENTS AND YOU, and MANAGING A LAW PRACTICE: THE HUMAN SIDE. Mr. Reed has also served as past chair of the American Bar Association's Law Practice Management Section and was chair of the Task Force on Alternative Billing Methods.
29 REED, BILLING INNOVATIONS, supra note 28, at 13-15.
30 Id.
31 Id. at 15.
32 Id. at 11-28.
33 See id. at 11-12.
34 See REED, BILLING INNOVATIONS, supra note 28, at 12-13.
35 See id. at 16.
36 See id. at 16-18.
37 See id. at 18-19.
38 See id. at 19-20.
39 See REED, BILLING INNOVATIONS, supra note 28, at 21-22.
40 See id. at 23-24.
41 See id. at 25-26.
42 See Maute, supra note 6, at 806.
44 William G. Ross, The Ethics of Hourly Billing By Attorneys, 44 RUTGERS L.REV. 1 (1991) (hereinafter Ross).
45 Ross, supra note 44, at 6, citing Sommerich, The History and the Development of Attorney's Fees, 6 REC. OF THE ASSOC. OF THE B. OF THE CITY OF N.Y. 363, 364 (1951).
46 Ross, supra note 44, at 6.
47 Ross, supra note 44, at 6, citing R. POUND, THE LAWYER FROM ANTIQUITY TO MODERN TIMES 52 (1953).
48 Ross, supra note 44, citing E. COUNTRYMAN, THE ETHICS OF COMPENSATION FOR PROFESSIONAL SERVICE 108-09 (1882).
49 Ross, supra note 44, at 6-7, citing Sommerich.
50 Ross, supra note 44, at 7, citing POUND, at 52.
51 Ross, supra note 44, at 7, citing POUND, at 53.
52 Ross, supra note 44, at 7, citing POUND, at 53, Sommerich, at 365; COUNTRYMAN, at 110.
53 Ross, supra note 44, at 7, citing Sommerich, at 365, COUNTRYMAN, at 110.
54 Ross, supra note 44, at 7, citing Prest, The English Bar, 1550-1700, in LAWYERS IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE AND AMERICA 72 (W. Prest ed. 1981).
55 Ross, supra note 44, at 7, citing George Hornstein, Legal Therapeutics: The "Salvage" Factor in Counsel Fee Awards, 69 HARV.L.REV. 658, 660 n.11 (1956) (QUOTING THE MIRROR OF JUSTICES, BOOK II, c.5 (Seldon Society ed. 1895)).
56 Ross, supra note 44, at 8, citing POUND at 136-37.
57 Ross, supra note 44, at 8, citing A.H. CHROUST, THE RISE OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN AMERICA 85-89, 129-32, 159-60, 317-19 (1965).
58 Ross, supra note 44, at 8, citing Leubsdorf, Toward a History of the American Rule on Attorney Fee Recovery, 47 LAW & CONTEMP. PROBS. 9, 10-11 (1984).
59 Ross, supra note 44, at 8, citing F. DEWEY, THOMAS JEFFERSON LAWYER 85-86 (1986), LEGAL PAPERS OF ANDREW JACKSON xiv-xivi (J. Ely & T. Brown eds. 1987), 1 LEGAL PAPERS OF JOHN ADAMS, lxx (L.K. Wroth & H.B. Zobel eds. 1965).
60 Ross, supra note 44, at 8-9, citing CHROUST, at 90, Leubsdorf, at 10-11.
61 See Ross, supra note 44, at 9-10.
62 Ross, supra note 44, at 10, citing Leubsdorf, at 17.
63 See Ross, supra note 44, at 10.
64 See Ross, supra note 44, at 11.
65 Ross, supra note 44, at 11, citing Brickman, Contingent
Fees Without Contingencies: Hamlet Without the Prince of Denmark? 37 UCLA
66 Ross, supra note 44, at 11, citing Clark, Getting Out of the Hourly Rate Quagmire-Other Billing Alternatives, in BEYOND THE BILLABLE HOUR: AN ANTHOLOGY OF ALTERNATIVE BILLING METHODS 183 (R. Reed ed. 1989)(hereinafter BEYOND THE BILLABLE HOUR).
67 See generally Mary Ann Altman, A Perspective-From Value Billing to Time Billing and Back to Value Billing, in BEYOND THE BILLABLE HOUR, at 11.
68 Ross, supra note 44, at 11, citing Reed, BEYOND THE BILLABLE HOUR, at 4.
69 See Ross, supra note 44, at 11.
70 Id.
71 Id.
72 Ross, supra note 44, citing Kasting, Are We Kidding
Ourselves? 2,200 Billable Hours a Year, 15 B. LEADER 37 (Winter 1988-89).


text:
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text:
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Tips And Tricks To Being A Home Based Business Success
Health care And Health-related Billing: A Expanding Profession
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2017 Greece Personal Accident and Health Insurance Industry - Trends and Opportunities
Fitness and Health Promotion as a Career Option
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The Mate Escape
From festivals to social media, we're spending more time with our friends. A growing number of us enjoy a close group of mates that we consider to be a surrogate family: a friendship-family or 'Framily'. In some cases, this is taking over from where the traditional family unit may have left off: either in distance, as people move away from home, or emotionally.


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Camera Stabilizers: The Best Equipment To Prevent Blurry Pictures
I think it is honest to say that we all want amazing photographs. The causes of unsatisfactory pics is trembling camera.The effect of camera shake is a picture which is blurred or not clear enough. The answer to this trouble is to use a camera stabilizer.
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