text:
Shingles and chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus)
This content will no longer be available as of 10/11
Stay tuned for improvements we're making to our Health Information section.
Shingles and chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus)
Chickenpox Vaccine Recommendations
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the following chickenpox (varicella) vaccination schedules for:
- Children ages 12 months - 12 years. All healthy children should receive their first chickenpox shot at age 12 - 15 months and a second shot at age 4 - 6 years (preferably before entering pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, or first grade).
- Adolescents and Adults ages 13 years and older. All healthy teenagers and adults who have never had chickenpox or the vaccine should receive 2 doses of the varicella vaccine, given 4 - 8 weeks apart.
Shingles Vaccine Recommendations
The shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine (Zostavax) is now approved for adults age 50 years and older with healthy immune systems. It was originally approved in 2006 for adults age 60 years and older. In March 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lowered the recommended age for the vaccine. However, the CDC has not yet added the shingles vaccine to its list of recommended vaccines for adults ages 50 - 59, and most insurance companies will not pay for the shot for adults younger than age 60. There is no maximum age for getting the vaccine.
Home Remedies for Chickenpox Relief
Chickenpox is uncomfortable and unpleasant, but most cases are relatively mild and resolve within 7 - 10 days. In otherwise healthy people who have a low risk for complications, home remedies can help provide relief from itching and fever.
- Oatmeal baths can help relieve itching.
- Calamine lotion can help dry out blisters and soothe skin.
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol, generic) can help reduce fever.
- Antihistamines may relieve severe itching and aid sleep.
Most important, don't scratch! Scratching the blisters can cause scarring and lead to a secondary infection.
Shingles and chickenpox are both caused by a single virus of the herpes family, known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The word herpes is derived from the Greek word "herpein," which means "to creep," a reference to a characteristic pattern of skin eruptions. VZV causes two different clinical illnesses:
- Varicella, or chickenpox, develops after an individual is exposed to VZV for the first time.
- Herpes zoster, or shingles, develops from reactivation of the virus later in life, usually many decades after chickenpox.
Most people get chickenpox from exposure to other people with chickenpox. It is most often spread through sneezing, coughing, and breathing. It is so contagious that few nonimmunized people escape this common disease when they are exposed to someone else with the disease.
When people with chickenpox cough or sneeze, they expel tiny droplets that carry the varicella virus. If a person who has never had chickenpox or never been vaccinated inhales these particles, the virus enters the lungs. From here it passes into the bloodstream. When it is carried to the skin it produces the typical rash of chickenpox.
People can also catch chickenpox from direct contact with a shingles rash if they have not been immunized by vaccination or by a previous bout of chickenpox. In such cases, transmission happens during the active phase when blisters have erupted but not formed dry crusts. A person with shingles cannot transmit the virus by breathing or coughing.
During a bout of chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus travels to nerve cells called dorsal root ganglia. These are bundles of nerves that transmit sensory information from the skin to the brain. Here, the virus can hide from the immune system and remain inactive but alive for years, often for a lifetime. This period of inactivity is called latency.
If the virus becomes active after being latent, it causes the disorder known as shingles, or herpes zoster. The virus spreads in the ganglion and to the nerves connecting to it. Nerves most often affected are those in the face or the trunk. The virus can also spread to the spinal cord and into the bloodstream.
Shingles itself can develop only from a reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in a person who has previously had chickenpox. In other words, shingles itself is never transmitted from one person to another either in the air or through direct exposure to the blisters.
It is not clear why the varicella-zoster virus reactivates in some people but not in others. In many cases, the immune system has become impaired or suppressed from certain conditions such as AIDS, other immunodeficiency diseases, or certain cancers or drugs that suppress the immune system. Aging itself increases the risk for shingles.
Other Herpes VirusesThe varicella-zoster virus belongs to a group of herpes viruses that includes eight human viruses (it also includes animal viruses). Herpes viruses are similar in shape and size and reproduce within the structure of a cell. The particular cell depends upon the specific virus. Human herpes viruses include herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which usually causes cold sores, and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), which usually causes genital herpes. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), which causes mononucleosis-like illness and retinitis, and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), the cause of classic mononucleosis, are also human herpes viruses.
All herpes viruses share some common properties, including a pattern of active symptoms followed by latent inactive periods that can last for months, years, or even a lifetime.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors for Chickenpox (Varicella)
Between 75 - 90% of chickenpox cases occur in children under 10 years of age. Before the introduction of the chickenpox (varicella) vaccine, about 4 million cases of chickenpox were reported in the U.S. each year. Since a varicella vaccine became available in the U.S. in 1995, the incidence of disease and hospitalizations due to chickenpox has declined by nearly 90%.
Chickenpox usually occurs in late winter and early spring months. It can also be transmitted from direct contact with the open blisters associated with either chickenpox or shingles. (Clothing, bedding, and other such objects do not usually spread the disease.)
A patient with chickenpox can transmit the disease from about 2 days before the appearance of the spots until the end of the blister stage. This period lasts about 5 - 7 days. Once dry scabs form, the disease is unlikely to spread.
Most schools allow children with chickenpox back 10 days after onset. Some require children to stay home until the skin has completely cleared, although this is not necessary to prevent transmission.
Recurrence of Chickenpox. Recurrence of chickenpox is possible, but uncommon. One episode of chickenpox usually means lifelong immunity against a second attack. However, people who have had mild infections may be at greater risk for a breakthrough, and more severe, infection later on particularly if the outbreak occurs in adulthood.
Risk Factors for Shingles (Herpes Zoster)Shingles affects about one out of every three adults. About 1 million cases of shingles occur each year in the U.S. Anyone who has had chickenpox has risk for shingles later in life. Certain factors increase the risk for such outbreaks.
The Aging Process. The risk for herpes zoster increases as people age. The risk for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is also highest in older people and increases dramatically after age 50. PHN is persistent nerve pain and is the most feared complication of shingles.
Immunosuppression. People whose immune systems are damaged from diseases such as AIDS or childhood cancer have a risk for herpes zoster that is much higher than those with healthy immune systems. Herpes zoster in people who are HIV-positive may be a sign of full-blown AIDS. Certain drugs used for treating HIV, such as protease inhibitors, may also increase the risk for herpes zoster.
Cancer. Cancer places people at risk for herpes zoster. At highest risk for developing shingles are those with Hodgkin's disease followed by patients with lymphomas. Chemotherapy itself increases the risk for herpes zoster.
Immunosuppressant Drugs. Patients who take certain drugs that suppress the immune system are at risk for shingles (as well as other infections). They include:
- Azathioprine (Imuran)
- Chlorambucil (Leukeran)
- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
- Cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral)
- Cladribine (Leustatin)
- Infliximab (Remicade)
- Adalimumab (Humira)
- Prednisone and other corticosteroids
These drugs are used for patients who have undergone organ transplantation and are also used for treating autoimmune diseases. Such disorders include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.
Risk Factors for Shingles in Children. Although most common in adults, shingles occasionally develops in children. Children with immune deficiencies are at highest risk. Children with no immune problems who had chickenpox before they were 1 year old also have a higher risk for shingles.
Risk for Recurrence of Shingles. Shingles can recur, but the risk is low (about 6%). Evidence suggests that a first zoster episode may boost the immune system to ward off another attack. However, people who had long-lasting shingles pain after their first episode, or patients who are immunocompromised, may be at higher risk for recurrence.
Chickenpox (varicella) rarely causes complications, but it is not always harmless. It can cause hospitalization and, in rare cases, death. Fortunately, since the introduction of the vaccine in 1995, hospitalizations have declined by nearly 90%, and there have been few fatal cases of chickenpox. The major long-term complication of varicella is the later reactivation of the herpes zoster virus and the development of shingles. Shingles occurs in about 20% of people who have had chickenpox.
Older adults have the greatest risk for dying from chickenpox, with infants having the next highest risk. Males (both boys and men) have a higher risk for a severe case of chickenpox than females. Children who catch chickenpox from family members are more likely to have a severe case than if they caught it outside the home. The older the child, the higher the risk for a more severe case. But even in such circumstances, chickenpox is rarely serious in children.
Other factors put individuals at specifically higher risk for complications of the varicella-zoster virus. Patients with diseases, such as Hodgkin's disease, who receive bone marrow or stem cell transplants are at higher risk for herpes zoster and its complications.
Although a pregnant woman has a very low risk for contracting chickenpox, if she does become infected the virus increases her risk for life-threatening pneumonia. Infection in the pregnant woman in the first trimester also poses a 1 - 2% chance for infecting the developing fetus and potentially causing birth defects. Herpes zoster is extremely rare in pregnant women, and there is almost no risk for the unborn child in such cases.
Specific Complications of Chickenpox (Varicella)Aside from itching, the complications described below are very rare.
Itching. Itching, the most common complication of the varicella infection, can be very distressing, particularly for small children. Many home remedies can help relieve the discomfort. [See: "Treatment for Chickenpox" section below.]
Secondary Skin Infections and Scarring. Small scars may remain after the scabs have fallen off, but they usually clear up within a few months. In some cases, a secondary infection may develop at sites that the patient scratched. The infection is usually caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Permanent scarring may occur as a result. Children with chickenpox are at much higher risk for this complication than adults are, probably because they are more likely to scratch.
Bacterial superinfection of the skin caused by group A streptococcus is the most common serious complication of chickenpox (but it is still rare). The infection is usually mild, but if it spreads in deep muscle, fat, or in the blood, it can be life threatening. Infection can cause serious conditions, such as necrotizing fasciitis (the so-called flesh-eating bacteria) and toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Symptoms include:
- A persistent or recurrent high fever
- Redness, pain, and swelling in the skin and the tissue beneath
Ear Infections. Some children experience ear infections from chickenpox. Hearing loss is a very rare result of this complication.
Pneumonia. Pneumonia is suspected if coughing and abnormally rapid breathing develop in patients who have chickenpox. Adults and adolescents with chickenpox are at some risk for serious pneumonia. Pregnant women, smokers, and those with serious medical conditions are at higher risk for pneumonia if they have chickenpox. Oxygen and intravenous acyclovir are key treatments for this condition. Pneumonia that is caused by varicella can result in lung scarring, which may impair oxygen exchange over the following weeks, or even months.
Neurological Complications.
- Inflammation in the Brain. Encephalitis and meningitis, infection or inflammation in the central nervous systems, can occur in rare cases in both children and adults. This condition can be very dangerous, causing coma and even death.
- Stroke. Although stroke in children is extremely rare, a condition called cerebral vasculitis, in which blood vessels in the brain become inflamed, has been associated with varicella-zoster. Varicella may be a factor in some cases of stroke in young adults.
Reye Syndrome. Reye syndrome, a disorder that causes sudden and dangerous liver and brain damage, is a side effect of aspirin therapy in children who have chickenpox or influenza. The disease can lead to coma and is life threatening. Symptoms include rash, vomiting, and confusion beginning about a week after the onset of the disease. Because of the strong warnings against children taking aspirin, this condition is, fortunately, very rare. Children should never take aspirin when they have a viral infection or fever. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, generic) is the preferred drug for fever or pain in patients younger than age 18 years.
Disseminated Varicella. Disseminated varicella, which develops when the virus spreads to organs in the body, is extremely serious and is a major problem for patients with compromised immune systems.
Specific Complications of Shingles (Herpes Zoster)Postherpetic Neuralgia. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is pain that persists for longer than a month after the onset of herpes zoster. It is the most common severe complication of shingles. Risk factors for PHN include:
- Age. PHN affects about 25% of herpes zoster patients over 60 years old. The older a person is, the longer PHN is likely to last. It rarely occurs in people under age 50.
- Gender. Some studies suggest that women may be at slightly higher risk for PHN than men.
- Severe or complicated shingles. People who had prodromal symptoms or a severe attack (numerous blisters and severe pain) during the initial shingles episode are also at high risk for PHN. The rate is also higher in people whose eyes have been affected by zoster.
In most cases, PHN resolves within 3 months. Studies report that only about 10% of patients experience pain after a year. Unfortunately, when PHN is severe and treatments have not been very effective, the persistent pain and abnormal sensations can be profoundly frustrating for patients.
Skin Infections. If the blistered area is not kept clean and free from irritation, it may become infected with group A Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria. If the infection is severe, scarring can occur.
In very rare cases, herpes zoster has been associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, an extensive and serious condition in which widespread blisters cover mucous membranes and large areas of the body.
Eye Infections. If shingles occurs in the face, the eyes are at risk, particularly if the path of the infection follows the side of the nose. If the eyes become involved (herpes zoster ophthalmicus), a severe infection can occur that is difficult to treat and can threaten vision. Patients with HIV/AIDS may be at particular risk for a chronic infection in the cornea of the eye.
Herpes zoster can also cause a severe infection in the retina called imminent acute retinal necrosis syndrome. In such cases, visual loss develops within weeks or months after the herpes zoster outbreak has resolved. Although this complication usually follows a herpes outbreak in the face, it can occur after an outbreak in any part of the body.
Neurological Complications.
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Guillain-Barre syndrome is caused by inflammation of the nerves and has been associated with a number of viruses, including herpes zoster. The arms and legs become weak, painful, and, sometimes, even paralyzed. The trunk and face may be affected. Symptoms vary from mild to severe enough to require hospitalization. The disorder resolves in a few weeks to months. Other herpes viruses (cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr), or bacteria (Campylobacter) may have a stronger association with this syndrome than herpes zoster.
- Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. Ramsay Hunt syndrome occurs when herpes zoster causes facial paralysis and rash on the ear (herpes zoster oticus) or in the mouth. Symptoms include severe ear pain and hearing loss, ringing in the ear, loss of taste, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Ramsay Hunt syndrome may also cause a mild inflammation in the brain. The dizziness may last for a few days, or even weeks, but usually resolves. Severity of hearing loss varies from partial to total; however, this too usually goes away. Facial paralysis, on the other hand, may be permanent.
- Bell's Palsy. Bell's palsy is partial paralysis of the face. Sometimes, it is difficult to distinguish between Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome, particularly in the early stages. In general, Ramsay Hunt syndrome tends to be more severe than Bell's palsy.
- Meningitis and Encephalitis. Inflammation of the membrane around the brain (meningitis) or in the brain itself (encephalitis) is a rare complication in people with herpes zoster. The encephalitis is generally mild and resolves in a short period. In rare cases, particularly in patients with impaired immune systems, it can be severe and even life threatening.
- Stroke. Some research suggests that herpes zoster increases the risk for stroke in the year following a shingles outbreak.
Disseminated Herpes Zoster. As with disseminated chickenpox, disseminated herpes zoster, which spreads to other organs, can be serious to life-threatening, particularly if it affects the lungs. People with compromised immune systems are at greatest danger. It is very rare in people with healthy immune systems.
Symptoms of ChickenpoxThe time between exposure to the virus and eruption of symptoms is called the incubation period. For chickenpox, this period is 10 - 20 days. The patient often develops fever, headache, swollen glands, and other flu-like symptoms before the typical rash appears. While fevers are low grade in most children, some can reach 105 °F.
These symptoms subside once the rash breaks out. One or more tiny raised red bumps appear first, most often on the face, chest, or abdomen. They become larger within a few hours and spread quickly (sprout), eventually forming small blisters on a red base. The numbers of blisters vary widely. Some patients have only a few spots, others can develop hundreds. Each blister is filled with clear fluid that becomes cloudy in several days.
It takes about 4 days for each blister to dry out and form a scab. During its course, the rash itches, sometimes severely. Usually separate crops of blisters occur over 4 - 7 days, the entire disease process lasting 7 - 10 days.
Symptoms of ShinglesShingles nearly always occurs in adults. Usually two, and sometimes three, identifiable symptom stages occur:
Prodrome. In the prodrome phase, a cluster of warning symptoms appear 3 - 4 days before the outbreak of the infection. These symptoms range from general feelings of malaise (chills, fever, nausea, and muscle aches) to abnormal sensations such as tingling, itching, burning, or a feeling of "pins and needles" accompanied by deep pain. The skin may be unbearably sensitive to touch.
Active Infection. After prodrome, a rash appears, usually on the trunk. However, the rash can develop in other areas as well, such as legs, arms, face, or neck. The rash is typically confined to one side of the body and follows the same track of inflamed nerves as the prodrome pain.
- The rash usually starts as well-defined, small, red clear spots.
- Within 12 - 24 hours, these pimples develop into small fluid-filled blisters. The blisters grow, merge, and become pus-filled, and are extremely painful.
- Within about 7 - 10 days (as with chickenpox), the blisters form crusts and heal. In some cases it may take as long as a month before the skin clears completely.
Sometimes pain develops without a rash, a condition known as zoster sine herpete.
Postherpetic Neuralgia. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is pain that persists for longer than a month after the onset of herpes zoster. Typical symptoms include:
- Pain that is described as deep aching, burning, stabbing, or like an electric shock
- Extreme sensitivity to touch or temperature changes
- The pain is persistent, but may come and go.
Both chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster) can usually be diagnosed by symptoms alone. If a diagnosis is still unclear after a physical examination, laboratory diagnostic tests may be required. These tests use samples of fluid taken from the blister. They are generally used to distinguish between varicella-zoster and herpes simplex viruses.
Ruling out Other DisordersRuling out Disorders that Resemble Chickenpox. Chickenpox, particularly in early stages, may be confused with herpes simplex, impetigo, insect bites, or scabies.
Ruling out Disorders that Resemble Shingles. The early prodrome stage of shingles can cause severe pain on one side of the lower back, chest, or abdomen before the rash appears. It therefore may be mistaken for other disorders, such as gallstones, that cause acute pain in internal organs.
In the active rash stage, shingles may be confused with herpes simplex, particularly in young adults, if the blisters occur on the buttocks or around the mouth. Herpes simplex, however, does not usually generate chronic pain.
A diagnosis may be difficult if herpes zoster takes a non-typical course in the face, such as with Bell's palsy or Ramsay Hunt syndrome, or if it affects the eye or causes fever and delirium.
There are two types of varicella vaccines:
- A chickenpox vaccine for vaccinating children, adolescents, and adults
- A shingles vaccine for vaccinating adults age 50 years and older
The live-virus varicella vaccine (Varivax) produces persistent immunity against chickenpox. The vaccine can prevent chickenpox or reduce the severity of the illness if it is used within 3 days, and possibly up to 5 days, after exposure to the infection.
The childhood chickenpox vaccine can also be given as part of a combination vaccine (Proquad) that combines measles, mumps, rubella (together called MMR), and varicella in one product. However, the CDC advises that combining varicella and MMR vaccinations into one shot doubles the risk for febrile (fever-related) seizures in children ages 12 - 24 months compared to giving separate MMR and varicella injections. Even with the combination vaccine the risk is low, but parents should consider the lower risk associated with separate injections.
The combination varicella and MMR vaccine is usually recommended for the second dose, in children ages 4 - 6 years, as it is not associated with increased risk for febrile seizures in this age group. However, children who are at higher risk for seizures due to a personal or family medical history should generally receive the MMR and varicella vaccines separately.
Recommendations for the Chickenpox Vaccine in ChildrenThe U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that children receive TWO doses of the chickenpox vaccine with:
- The first dose administered when the child is 12 - 15 months years of age
- The second dose administered when the child is 4 - 6 years of age
For children who have previously received one dose of the chickenpox vaccine, the ACIP recommends that they receive a "catch-up" second dose during their regular doctor's visit. This second dose can be given at any time as long as it is at least 3 months after the first dose. Doctors pushed for the new second-dose policy due to a number of recent chickenpox outbreaks among previously vaccinated schoolchildren. Studies indicate that the odds of developing chickenpox are 95 lower in children who receive two doses of the vaccine compared to those who receive only one.
Children most at risk for having chickenpox after having been vaccinated only one time are ages 8 - 12 years and have generally been vaccinated at least 5 years before their current chickenpox infection.
Recommendations for the Chickenpox Vaccine in AdultsThe CDC recommends that every healthy adult without a known history of chickenpox be vaccinated. Adults should receive 2 doses of the vaccine, 4 - 8 weeks apart. Adults in the following groups should especially consider vaccination:
- Those with high risk of exposure or transmission (hospital or day care workers, parents of young children)
- People who may come in contact with those who have compromised immune systems
- Nonpregnant women of childbearing age
- International travelers
As with other live-virus vaccines, the chickenpox vaccine is not recommended for:
- Women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant within 30 days of vaccination. (Women who are pregnant and not immunized should receive the first dose of the vaccine upon completion of their pregnancy.)
- People whose immune systems are compromised by disease or drugs (such as after organ transplantation).
Patients who cannot be vaccinated but who are exposed to chickenpox receive immune globulin antibodies against varicella virus. This helps prevent complications of the disease if they become infected.
Side Effects. Most side effects are mild and include pain at the injection site and low-grade fever. In rare cases, the vaccine may produce a mild rash within about a month of the vaccination, which can transmit chickenpox to others. Individuals who have recently been vaccinated should avoid close contact with anyone who might be susceptible to severe complications from chickenpox until the risk for a rash passes.
Shingles VaccineThe herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine (Zostavax) is a stronger version of the chickenpox vaccine. It was originally approved in 2006 for adults age 60 years and older. In 2011, the FDA lowered the recommended age for Zostavax to 50. Because the vaccine contains live virus, it cannot be administered to people with weakened immune systems. However, the CDC has not yet added the shingles vaccine to its list of recommended vaccines for adults ages 50 - 59, and most insurance companies will not pay for the shot for adults younger than age 60. There is no maximum age for getting the vaccine.
A single shot of the vaccine can reduce the risk of developing shingles by 55 - 70 percent and may also help prevent postherpetic neuralgia and ophthalmic herpes. However, although the shingles vaccine is strongly recommended for older adults with healthy immune systems, many patients are not receiving it. Barriers to vaccination may include limited insurance coverage and the sometimes limited availability of the vaccine product.
Varicella-Zoster Immune GlobulinVaricella-zoster immune globulin (VariZIG) is a substance that mimics the normal immune response against the varicella-zoster virus. It is used to protect high-risk patients who are exposed to chickenpox. Such groups include:
- Pregnant women with no history of chickenpox who have not been previously immunized
- Newborn infants whose mothers had signs or symptoms of chickenpox around the time of delivery (5 days before to 2 days after)
- Premature infants
- Immunocompromised children and adults with no antibodies to VZV
- Recipients of bone-marrow transplants (even if they have had chickenpox)
- Patients with a debilitating disease (even if they have had chickenpox)
For these patients, VariZIG should be given within 96 hours of exposure to someone with chickenpox. (Note: VariZIG is a new formulation of an older drug called VZIG, which is no longer produced.)
Treatment for Chickenpox
Home Treatments for Chickenpox
Acetaminophen. Patients with chickenpox do not have to stay in bed unless fever and flu symptoms are severe. To relieve discomfort, a child can take acetaminophen (Tylenol, generic), with doses determined by the doctor. A child should never be given aspirin, or medications containing aspirin, as aspirin increases the risk for a dangerous condition called Reye syndrome.
Soothing Baths. Frequent baths are particularly helpful in relieving itching, when used with preparations of finely ground (colloidal) oatmeal. Commercial preparations (Aveeno) are available in drugstores, or one can be made at home by grinding or blending dry oatmeal into a fine powder. Use about 2 cups per bath. The oatmeal will not dissolve, and the water will have a scum. Adding baking soda (1/2 - 1 cup) to a bath may also help.
Lotions. Patients can apply calamine lotion and similar over-the-counter preparations to the blisters to help dry them out and soothe the skin.
Antihistamines. For severe itching, diphenhydramine (Benadryl, generic) is useful and may help children sleep.
Preventing Scratching. Small children may have to wear mittens so that they don't scratch the blisters and cause a secondary infection. All patients with varicella, including adults, should have their nails trimmed short.
Acyclovir for ChickenpoxAcyclovir is an antiviral drug that may be used in adult varicella patients or those of any age with a high risk for complications and severe forms of chickenpox. The drug may also benefit smokers with chickenpox, who are at higher than normal risk for pneumonia. Some doctors recommend its use for children who catch chickenpox from other family members because such patients are at risk for more serious cases. To be effective, oral acyclovir must be taken within 24 hours of the onset of the rash. Early intravenous administration of acyclovir is an essential treatment for chickenpox pneumonia.
Treatment for Shingles
The treatment goals for an acute attack of herpes zoster include:
- Reduce pain
- Reduce discomfort
- Hasten healing of blisters
- Prevent the disease from spreading
Over-the-counter (OTC) remedies are often effective in reducing the pain of an attack. Antiviral drugs (acyclovir and others), oral corticosteroids, or both are sometimes given to patients with severe symptoms, particularly if they are older and at risk for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
Home Treatments for ShinglesApplied Cold. Cold compresses soaked in Burrow's solution (an over-the-counter powder that is dissolved in water) and cool baths may help relieve the blisters. It is important not to break blisters as this can cause infection. Doctors advise against warm treatments, which can intensify itching. Patients should wear loose clothing and use clean loose gauze coverings over the affected areas.
Itch Relief. In general, to prevent or reduce itching, home treatments are similar to those used for chickenpox. Patients can try antihistamines (particularly Benadryl), oatmeal baths, and calamine lotion.
Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers. For an acute shingles attack, patients may take over-the-counter pain relievers:
- Children should take acetaminophen. (Shingles is very rare in children.)
- Adults may take aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, other brands, generic). These remedies, however, are not very effective for postherpetic neuralgia.
Antiviral drugs do not cure shingles, but they can reduce the severity of the attack, hasten healing, and reduce the duration. They may also reduce the risk of postherpetic neuralgia.
Antiviral drugs approved for treatment of shingles include:
- Acyclovir (Zovirax, generic) is the oldest, most studied of these drugs
- Famciclovir (Famvir, generic) and valacyclovir (Valtrex, generic) are now preferred to treat herpes zoster in most patients because they require fewer daily doses than acyclovir.
These anti-viral drugs are usually taken for 7 days. To be effective, they should be started within 72 hours of the onset of infection. The earlier they are given the more effective these drugs are. Side effects may include stomach cramps, nausea, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. Acyclovir may have more side effects than the other two drugs. People who have kidney problems or weakened immune systems may need to take a lower dose of these medications.
Foscarnet (Foscavir) is an injectable antiviral drug that can be used to treat cases of varicella-zoster infection resistant to acyclovir and similar drugs. It is rarely necessary.
Treatment for Postherpetic Neuralgia
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is difficult to treat. Once PHN develops, a patient may need a multidisciplinary approach that involves a pain specialist, primary care physician, and other health care providers.
The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) treatment guidelines for postherpetic neuralgia recommend:
- Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine, maprotiline)
- Anticonvulsants (gabapentin and pregabalin)
- Lidocaine skin patches
- Opioids (oxycodone, methadone, morphine)
Creams, patches, or gels containing various substances can provide some pain relief.
- Lidocaine. A patch that contains the anesthetic lidocaine (Lidoderm, generic) is approved specifically for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). One to four patches can be applied over the course of 24 hours. Another patch (EMLA) contains both lidocaine and prilocaine, a second anesthetic. The most common side effects are skin redness or rash.
- Capsaicin. Capsaicin is a chemical compound found (in hot chili peppers. A prescription capsaicin skin patch (Qutenza) is approved for pain relief of PHN. The patch must be applied by a health care professional, as placement of the patch can be painful. Because the patch may increase blood pressure, the patient should be monitored for at least 1 hour after the patch is applied. A lower-concentration ointment form of capsaicin (Zostrix) is available over the counter, but its benefits may be limited.
- Topical Aspirin. Topical aspirin, known chemically as triethanolamine salicylate (Aspercreme, generic), may bring relief.
- Menthol-Containing Preparations. Topical gels containing menthol, such as high-strength Flexall 454, may be helpful.
Tricyclic antidepressants may help relieve PHN pain. Nortriptyline (Pamelor, generic), amitriptyline (Elavil, generic), and desipramine (Norpramin, generic) are the standard drugs used for treating PHN.
It may take several weeks for the drugs to become fully effective. They do not work as well in patients who have burning pain or allodynia (pain that occurs with normally non-painful stimulus, such as a light touch or wind).
Unfortunately, tricyclics have side effects that are particularly severe in the elderly, who are also more likely to have PHN. Desipramine and nortriptyline have fewer side effects than amitriptyline and are preferred for older patients. Side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, dizziness, difficulty urinating, disturbances in heart rhythms, and an abrupt drop in blood pressure when standing up.
Anticonvulsant (Anti-Seizure) DrugsCertain anticonvulsant drugs have effects that may be helpful for PHN. (Anticonvulsant drugs are also known as anti-seizure drugs.) Gabapentin (Neurontin, generic) and pregabalin (Lyrica) are approved for treatment of PHN. Side effects may include dizziness, sleepiness, blurry vision, weight gain, trouble concentrating, and swelling of hands and feet. Anticonvulsant medications can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior.
Opioids and Opioid-like DrugsOpioids. Patients with severe pain that does not respond to tricyclic antidepressants or anticonvulsants may need powerful painkilling opioid drugs. The use of narcotics is controversial as these drugs can be addictive. These drugs may be taken by mouth or delivered through a skin patch. Oxycodone is the standard opioid for PHN. It is available in different formulations (Percocet, Percodan, Oxycontin, ro generic.) Morphine may also used. Constipation, drowsiness, and dry mouth are common side effects of opioids.
Tramadol. Tramadol (Ultram, generic) is a pain reliever that is used as an alternative to opioids. It has opioid-like properties but is not as addictive. (Dependence and abuse have been reported, however.) Side effects are similar to opoids.
Pain Management TechniquesA number of relaxation and stress-reduction techniques may be helpful for managing chronic pain. They include meditation, deep breathing exercises, biofeedback, self-hypnosis, and muscle relaxation. Psychotherapy approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy may help patients learn how to cope with and manage their responses to pain.
SurgeryCertain surgical techniques in the brain or spinal cord attempt to block nerve centers associated with postherpetic neuralgia. These methods carry risk for permanent damage, however, and should be used only as a last resort when all other methods have failed and the pain is intolerable. Most studies indicate that surgery does not relieve PHN pain.
- www.cdc.gov -- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- www.niaid.nih.gov -- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- www.ninds.nih.gov -- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- www.aan.com -- American Academy of Neurology
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Recommended adult immunization schedule: United States, 2011. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Feb 1;154(3):168-73.
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Prevention of varicella: recommendations for use of varicella vaccines in children, including a recommendation for a routine 2-dose varicella immunization schedule. Pediatrics. 2007 Jul;120(1):221-31.
Chen N, Li Q, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zhou D, He L. Vaccination for preventing postherpetic neuralgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Mar 16;3:CD007795.
Committee on Infectious Diseases; American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy statement--recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedules -- United States, 2011. Pediatrics. 2011 Feb;127(2):387-8.
Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008 Jun 6;57(RR-5):1-30.
Kang JH, Ho JD, Chen YH, Lin HC. Increased risk of stroke after a herpes zoster attack: a population-based follow-up study. Stroke. 2009 Nov;40(11):3443-8. Epub 2009 Oct 8.
Kimberlin DW, and Whitley RJ. Varicella-zoster vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster. N Engl J Med. 2007 Mar 29;356(13):1338-43.
LaRussa PS, Marin M. Varicella-zoster virus infections. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme III JW, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Saunders; 2011:chap 245.
Lu PJ, Euler GL, Harpaz R. Herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged 60 years and older, in the U.S., 2008. Am J Prev Med. 2011 Feb;40(2):e1-6.
Marin M, Broder KR, Temte JL, Snider DE, Seward JF; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010 May 7;59(RR-3):1-12.
Marin M, Güris D, Chaves SS, Schmid S, Seward JF; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2007 Jun 22;56(RR-4):1-40.
Marin M, Meissner HC, Seward JF. Varicella prevention in the United States: a review of successes and challenges. Pediatrics. 2008 Sep;122(3):e744-51.
Sampathkumar P, Drage LA, Martin DP. Herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009 Mar;84(3):274-80.
Schmader KE, Levin MJ, Gnann JW Jr, McNeil SA, Vesikari T, Betts RF, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of herpes zoster vaccine in persons aged 50-59 years. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;54(7):922-8. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
Shapiro ED, Vazquez M, Esposito D, Holabird N, Steinberg SP, Dziura J, et al. Effectiveness of 2 doses of varicella vaccine in children. J Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 1;203(3):312-5.
Tseng HF, Smith N, Harpaz R, Bialek SR, Sy LS, Jacobsen SJ. Herpes zoster vaccine in older adults and the risk of subsequent herpes zoster disease. JAMA. 2011 Jan 12;305(2):160-6.
Tyring SK. Management of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Dec;57(6 Suppl):S136-42.
Whitley RJ, Gnann JW Jr. Herpes zoster in the age of focused immunosuppressive therapy. JAMA. 2009 Feb 18;301(7):774-5.
Wilson JF. Herpes zoster. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Mar 1;154(5):ITC31-15.
Yawn BP, Wollan PC, Kurland MJ, St Sauver JL, Saddier P. Herpes zoster recurrences more frequent than previously reported. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 Feb;86(2):88-93. Epub 2011 Jan 10.
Related Items
Related ReportsImmunizations
Related Encyclopedia
Chickenpox vaccine
Review Date: 5/31/2012
Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, MD, Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorousstandards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information andservices. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorialpolicy, editorialprocess, and privacypolicy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch.)
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatmentof any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 2015 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication ordistribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


text:
Backs to Beautiful OPEN SPACE, WALK-OUT basement lot, gorgeous views all around, Mountains in the front and Golf Course Open Space in the back. Convenient location right off Crossroads, minutes from I-25. No builder restrictions, next to the Harmony corridor and south Fort Collins, Highland Meadows Golf Course and Hwy 34 within minutes. Private enclave location.
Select a tab below to continue your virtual tour of this property.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cecil D. Dornak, 87, of Bay City, Texas, died Tuesday, Oct. 22, 2013.
He was born Sept. 8, 1926, in El Campo, Texas, to the late Joseph Dornak and Martha Michna Dornak.
He retired from Dow Chemical after 35 years.
He was a loving husband and father who gave generously of his time and talents. He was an avid hunter and a friend to all. After retirement, he volunteered many hours at the food pantry in Lake Jackson, Texas.
His first wife, Oleavia Dornak, and sisters, Rita Osina and Marilyn Young, preceded him in death.
Survivors include his wife of 20 years, Frances Dornak of Bay City; daughter, Deborah Crass and husband, Stephen, of Cleveland; sons: Denny Dornak of San Antonio, Texas, and Alan Dornak of New York, N.Y.; and three grandchildren.
A rosary will be recited at 1:30 p.m. Friday, Oct. 25, 2013, at Holy Cross Catholic Church in Bay City. Mass will follow at 2 p.m. and will be officiated by the Rev. Greg Korenek.
Interment will follow at Holy Cross Catholic Cemetery in El Campo, Texas.
Memorial donations in his name may be sent to Holy Cross Catholic Church, 2001 Katy Ave., Bay City TX 77414 or to Society of St. Vincent de Paul, 2403 Holcombe Blvd., Houston TX 77021.


text:
Protecting HTTP connections from a device to content servers and application servers using HTTPS
If a third-party application on a BlackBerry® device can access servers on the Internet, you can configure the BlackBerry MDS Connection Service to use HTTPS to provide additional authentication and security for the connection. The device supports HTTPS in proxy mode using a proxy server or in direct mode using TLS.
If you configure HTTPS using a proxy server, the BlackBerry MDS Connection Service uses cipher suite components of Sun® JSSE version 1.4.1 to open the connection for the device. Typically, HTTP connections open faster using a proxy server than TLS.
If you configure HTTPS using TLS, the BlackBerry MDS Connection Service uses the TLS and WTLS key establishment algorithms, symmetric algorithms, and hash algorithms that the RIM® Cryptographic API supports to open the connection for the device. The device uses TLS to encrypt data that an application sends to content servers. The BlackBerry MDS Connection Service does not decrypt data that it sends over the wireless network. You can use TLS when only the end points of the transaction are trusted (for example, with banking services). A device that is running BlackBerry® Device Software version 3.6.1 or later supports TLS for connections.


text:
Community » Videos
Swellinfo surf videos offer everything from amateur surf sessions to surf movie trailers.
You can search for videos using the following menus below or view the latest surf video submissions below.
Find a surf video
Text Search
Gratitude and the Zen of surfing. Posted: 8/22/12 by Mike B. Views: 1011 Tags: Surfing Amateur


text:
reviews & comments (11)
Simple, light & easy......everyone loved this salad....just be sure not to overdress it! Definately will be one of my "go to" salads from now on!
This was a wonderful salad perfect if your are serving a heavy entree and a good go to salad that is flavorful and elegant.
Excellent. I was a little skeptical thinking it wasn't enough after reconstructing. Drizzled the dressing over, didn't toss. It was a light salad to a heavy entree and turned out perfect. 3 grocery stores didn't have bibb lettuce. I used butter lettuce. Perhaps they are the same?
Delicious salad. I used baby bibb lettuces because that was what was available, and it was great. Also makes a fantastic salad if you toss it with any good young greens from the farmer's market.
I am learning that sometimes less actually is more. This was so simple and lovely with the house vinaigrette.
the bill lettuce and associated salad dressing are good. the reconstruction of the bill lettuce head is just way too much work especially if you are cooking for more than two people. I could see doing the reconstructed lettuce head for a special romantic meal for two but for a family or a gathering, forget it! Just tear the lettuce into bite size pieces and toss!
I make this constantly. Lots of chefs copy this recipe as well as the beautiful presentation, and once you make it, you'll know why. It is perfect. You can replace the parsley with more chervil, but not vice versa.


text:
My Profile
Arvada, Colorado
Member since Dec 2007
Flag This ProfileFlag as Inappropriate
Reviewed Apricot and Tequila Glazed Turkey
Dec 28, 2010 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"We didn't care for this recipe, the chile's didn't have much flavor and I didn't like the sauce made from the juices. I was hoping for more tequila flavor. Prefer Alton Brown's brine and turkey recipe, won't do this one again."


text:
1. Project Description
This project manages embedded system support in Gentoo. The project is responsible for overseeing the build infrastructure for creating images to be installed onto embedded systems. Also included is the support of specific types of embedded systems and development tools.
2. Project Goals
The intention of the project is to make Gentoo viable for embedded systems. This includes creating a system for cross compiling and building the image for an embedded system on a Gentoo workstation. The base install image should be minimal, with different libc options. Building on this base, the system can be customized for the particular system.
3. Developers
All developers can be reached by e-mail using firstname.lastname@example.com.
4. Subprojects
The Embedded project has the following subprojects:
5. Planned subprojects
The Embedded project has the following subprojects planned:
6. Herds
The Embedded project maintains the following herds:
7. More Information
All the good stuff has been integrated into the Embedded Handbook.
Summary: Embedded Gentoo brings the flexibity of Gentoo to embedded systems.
Gentoo Projectscript generated
Donate to support our development efforts.
Your browser does not support iframes.


text:
Party chooses Alvarez for guv
-A A +ATuesday, August 7, 2012
VICE GOVERNOR Genaro Alvarez confirmed in an interview with a local TV station that the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) endorsed him to be the party's gubernatorial candidate in the 2013 elections.
A mayor who asked not to be named further said that 12 mayors belonging to the NPC met Friday last week with NPC national chairman former ambassador Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco in Manila where they reportedly endorsed Alvarez.
Alvarez in a phone call confirmed that the NPC mayors endorsed him. He also confirmed on Monday that the meeting of the 12 mayors with Cojuangco indeed took place but he refused to divulge further details.
He referred questions to Kabankalan City Mayor Isidro Zayco who was reportedly chosen as the provincial chair of NPC in Negros Occidental.
When reached for comment by Sun.Star-Bacolod, Zayco declined to give a statement, saying he will only issue a statement when he gets the official appointment from NPC.
The development further bolstered the possible "battle royale" between Governor Alfredo Marañon Jr. and Alvarez for the gubernatorial post in 2013.
When asked for comment Monday, Marañon, who already confirmed that he is seeking re-election in 2013, replied that he now has the support of more than 19 out of the 31 mayors in the province.
"The voice of the people is the voice of God," Marañon said.
"Why don't you, the members of the media, conduct an independent survey to know the real voice of the people?" Marañon said.
Marañon is the provincial chair of NPC, as well as of the United Negros Alliance (UNA), while Alvarez is the provincial vice chair of both parties.
Zayco was a member of the Lakas Party until he officially took his oath with the NPC last month, along with Mayors Agustin Bascon of Himamaylan, Teresa Bilbao of Hinobaan, Melecio Yap of Escalante City.
A source also said that the representatives of the six congressional districts in the province are also divided between Marañon and Alvarez, with Representatives Jules Ledesma (1st district), Albee Benitez (3rd district) and Mercedes Alvarez (6th district) rooting for Alvarez.
Representatives Alfredo Marañon III (2nd district), Jeffrey Ferrer (4th district) and Alejandro Mirasol (5th district) are reportedly supporting Marañon.
When asked for confirmation, Benitez said UNA officials still have to formalize everything. Benitez, who belongs to the Liberal Party, earlier said UNA will try to come up with a unified line-up in the province for the 2013 polls.
Meanwhile, the Sun.Star source said that if negotiations fail, Ferrer is reportedly being groomed to run against Alvarez if Marañon will not push through with his plan for reelection.
According to the source, such scenario is also possible after NPC reportedly chose former San Carlos City Mayor Eugenio "Bong" Lacson to be Alvarez's running mate.
Marañon's possible running mate, the source said, is a lady leader from southern Negros.
The Alvarez camp, on the other hand, claimed that they have the support of 17 mayors, namely DSB Mayor Marxlen dela Cruz, San Carlos City Mayor Gerardo Valmayor, Calatrava Mayor Araceli Somosa, Victorias City Mayor Severo Palanca, Bago City Mayor Ramon Torres, Valladolid Mayor Romel Yogore, Pulupandan Mayor Magdaleno Peña, Pontevedra Mayor Jomar Alonzo, Isabela Mayor Francis Malabor, Ilog Mayor Paul Alvarez, Cauayan Mayor John Ray Tabujara, Sipalay City Mayor Oscar Montilla, Candoni Mayor Jechonias Manzano, Bilbao, Yap, Bascon, and Zayco.
This leaves the following mayors for Marañon, according to the source, namely Toboso Mayor Evilio Valencia Jr., Sagay City Mayor Leo Rafael Cueva, Cadiz City Mayor Patrick Escalante, Manapla Mayor Lourdes Escalante, EB Magalona Mayor David Albert Lacson, Silay City Mayor Jose Montelibano, San Enrique Mayor Mario Magno, La Carlota City Mayor Juliet Marie Ferrer, La Castellana Mayor Alberto Nicor, Moises Padilla Mayor Francisco Nazareno and Binalbagan Mayor Emmanuel Aranda.
The undecided mayors as of this time, the source said, are Murcia Mayor Andrew Montelobano, Talisay City Mayor Eric Saratan and Hinigaran Mayor Hermilo Aguilar.
Some of the mayors whose names appeared on the list of those who are with the Alvarez camp have also endorsed Marañon during his declaration for reelection in 2013.
Published in the Sun.Star Bacolod newspaper on August 07, 2012.
Local news
Forum rules: Do not use obscenity. Some words have been banned. Stick to the topic. Do not veer away from the discussion. Be coherent and respectful. Do not shout or use CAPITAL LETTERS!


text: If you were an asthmatic Jewish kid in North London and your bar mitzvah was scheduled for the day England played West Germany in the World Cup final in 1966, you might grow up believing you have a comic, if exceedingly slender, autobiographical movie like Sixty Six in you too. But unless you're a well-connected ad director like Paul Weiland with friends like Richard Curtis to co-write the treatment, it's unlikely you'd get Helena Bonham Carter to play your Jewish mother, or Stephen Rea as your soulful asthma doctor. B-


text:
724 Sibley St. NEMinneapolis, MN 55413 Phone: 612 230-6400Fax: 612 230-6500Hours
Located just across the Plymouth Avenue Bridge from the James I. Rice and West River Parkways, Boom Island is adjacent to the B.F. Nelson Park site, and is connected to Nicollet Island Park via a pedestrian bridge.
The park provides a picturesque site for weddings and picnics with reservable picnic shelters.
Although no longer an island, the park is named after its former function and defining features during the citys lumber industry days the booms, long beams extended from derricks on the island, which were used to sort logs as they floated downstream to area saw mills. The buildup of silt and sawdust over time connected the island to the rivers east bank. The parks signature lighthouse is a nod to the former islands role in navigating the waters above St. Anthony Falls.
Historical Profile: More information about this and other parks is included in Parks, Lakes, Trails and So Much More, a richly detailed account of the histories of Minneapolis renowned recreational system.
Parks & Lakes
Recreation Centers
Park Trails
Grand Rounds
Golf Courses
Park Permits
Adult Sports
Youth Sports
Youth Programs
Activity Search
About MPRB
Park Projects
Site Map
Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board 2117 West River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55411 612-230-6400 (Mon-Fri 8:00-4:30) | Contact Us


text:
Pay to Play High School Sports is Here!
12.11.13 |
10.28.11 | | Comments[7]
Nothing maddens me like lazy journalism.
I can take the biased reporting…bias is unavoidable. It's lazy reporting I have no tolerance for. Take for example, the Wall Street Occupation movement. According to the Media Research Center, 93 percent of the reporting from the major networks has been positive, affirming, even advocating for the anti-corporate cause. What they're not telling you are the stories of rape, public indecency, and illegal drug use that also emanates from these sordid crowds of malcontents. Don't get me wrong, I am not condoning abuse of power by police. Whenever, and wherever it happens it should be called out and corrected. But heavens' sakes, will just one mainstream reporter have the guts to do some real reporting on this movement?? Talk to the women in Oakland who've allegedly been raped at the hands of these so-called peaceful protesters. Interview the police officers in New York who've had their cop cruisers defecated on. Go to Toronto and speak to the youth who are engaging in illicit drug use in full view of the authorities. Where are these stories? In fairness to the "Occupiers", any message that becomes a movement will have a few bad apples. But it's time for journalists…those of us whose job it is to observe and report, to tell the whole story.
The views expressed in this blog do not necessarily reflect the mission statement of the Family Life News department which is to inform on current events from a biblical worldview in a way that is relevant, accurate, issues-driven, and family focused.
Your Comments(please keep them on topic and polite)
final question on the journalism test:if you had to choose between saving someone's life or getting the picture of a lifetime.what kind of film would you use??
Bob, I've been following OWS since Day 1. As a contributor to FLN, and after listening to your noontime report, I must comment.. There are bad apples in every bunch but lets do some real reporting here, ok? You cited 3 instances among tens of thousands of peaceful protesters but how about commenting on the right-leaning "infiltrator" who ended up getting pepper-sprayed a couple weeks ago? If you had researched the Oakland incident, you'd know it was committed by 3 men who were not part of the OWS Oakland movement. The NYC defecation was reported almost instantly. As for Toronto, I'm not sure what their 'use' laws are, but they are allowed to carry up to 3 grams of marijuana without penalty. Also, and what got my blood boiling, you attempted to compare the Tea Party coverage vs OWS coverage (I see no comment about it here). I can report with my eyes and ears that I did not see one report of OWS during its inception on any local or major news network that I watch.
Lets finish off by asking why these bankers were allowed to profit from immoral derivative trading and sell "balloon" mortgages to the unsuspecting? Clearly the evil in our society plan better than the good as I've yet to see anyone brought to judgement for the financial downfall of 2008. Bob, rest assured both you and I will be shocked when we go to Heaven and learn The Truth about all this. In the meantime, lets focus on why OWS has gained traction... the common folks like myself are tired of the rich re-writing the rules to favor themselves and using a certain national network to basically say God Loves Business. I know Jesus died for me and have accepted that with my mouth and I don't need some 'leggy' news network woman feeding me garbage, Amen.
BillFromGI - thnak you for your comments - what makes this blog work is the diversity from its participants. I encourage you to contact the media research center and get your hands on their reporting of media coverage of OWS versus the Tea Party. They had no political or ideological ax to grind - they were simply looking at it from a scientific, imperical evidence-based perspective. The website if mrc.org
Bob, thanks for your reply. I did spend some time searching for that information but could not locate it. However, while visiting that site, I detected it "leaned" towards one side.. . was unfortunate..
In closing, may I recommend a site that does not lean?
Grab a cup of coffee, sit down, and spend 10-15 minutes there. They examine all claims equally. I pray you find this site refreshing and informative, Amen.
i will - i wish the study the mrc's tim graham spoke about on our air (friday 10/28) was still on the site -i found it interesting. I will check that site you recommended - our news product is all about promoting the free market place of ideas - thanks for sharing
Here is an interesting example of what Occupy Wall Street is about. It is affecting municipalities by denying a potential revenue stream from municipal owned cable. Large Cable Companies fear the competition.
I got this article originally from an Oct. 27th 2011 E-article in - americancitycounty.com
I went to factcheck.org and found it is as left leaning as MRC is right. I spent 2 minutes and read how bad all the Republican candidates are and one story that supported Obama. I guess if your center starts way on the left it would seem not to lean.
12.11.13 |
10.23.13 |
06.04.13 |


text:
Research & Commentary: FDA Regulation of Tobacco
Tobacco has never been classified as a food or a drug, and therefore it has not been regulated by any government agency charged with maintaining the safety or efficacy of either.
Now, some lawmakers are calling for regulation of tobacco products by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The arguments for and against doing so are outlined in the enclosed Research & Commentary package, new from The Heartland Institute.
Inside this R&C, you will learn:
- FDA regulation might enable manufacturers to make certified claims about risk and risk reduction in their marketing practices;
- Regulation by FDA could enhance current teenage smoking preventive measures, and encourage new preventive programs; and
- FDA requirements for ingredient labeling might allow consumers to become more informed about the risks associated with consuming certain ingredients in tobacco products.
However, you will also learn:
- FDA might already be over-burdened by its existing responsibilities;
- The FDA commissioner himself is opposed to FDA regulation of tobacco products, stating public health could actually suffer in the long run; and
- Because there is no safe usage of tobacco, FDA might find itself obligated to support a complete ban on tobacco products, if such a proposal were made in Congress.


text:
Donate Online
You have the power to make a difference in the lives of animals in need.
Danbury Animal Welfare Society's Board of Directors manages the strategic and operational aspects of the organization. Our 2014 Board of Directors are:
Seated left to right: Tania Buchmelter, President; Lenore Maskara, Director; Corrie Falciano, Director
Standing left to right: Philip Segan, former Director; Emil Tomasi, Vice President; Cathy Schirmer, Secretary; John Piper, Treasurer
You can read each Board Member's bio, below.
Each year, Board members are elected to serve a 2-year term. If you are interested in Board service, please contact email@example.com.
Tania Buchmelter- President
Tania, a lifelong animal lover, began volunteering at DAWS in January, 2011 as a dog walker. She came to DAWS after realizing that since saying goodbye to her and her husband's 14-year old rescue dog, Alex, in 2006, she could no longer bear to live a dogless life. She looked for volunteer opportunities where she could help dogs in need of loving homes and found DAWS. Tania faithfully reports for her dog-walking "duties" every Tuesday and Saturday, as long as she is not traveling for work. In addition, she regularly volunteers as a dog handler for many of the community outreach events in the area, participates on the MAD Ball committee and has been a Top Dog Fundraiser at the Annual Walk for Animals since 2011.
Tania graduated Magna Cum Laude with a degree in Medical Technology from Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, OH. She spent five years working in hospital laboratories in northeast Ohio before transitioning into the healthcare industry. She accepted a new position with Quest Diagnostics in May, 2013 after working for Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (formerly Bayer HealthCare Diagnostics) since 1999. She is a Director of Marketing responsible for managing a portfolio of products totaling over $900M.
Tania and her husband John moved to Danbury from New Hampshire in 2005. They are currently the proud parents of Bella, a stray cat that was hanging around the neighborhood when they moved into their community, and Lilly, a member of the DAWS cat family who was rescued from "death row" at a Harlem shelter. They are also holding in their hearts the memory of their angels Cheshire, Alexandra, and Hobson, the rescued cats and dog who were the central part of the Buchmelter family since it first formed over 20 years ago.
Emil Tomasi - Vice President
Emil has worked in the public arena for all of his adult life, working his way through college with work study jobs in teaching and for Marriott International in various capacities. After graduating from college with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry he endured a yearlong battle with Hodgkins Lymphoma. During that time he witnessed firsthand the challenges that life often hands all of us and vowed to always work hard towards positive outcomes in everything he does. Emil worked as a salesman and manager for Pepsi Cola and then moved into pharmaceutical sales, which was always his goal after becoming a cancer survivor. He currently works for Bristol Myers-Squibb representing a billion dollar biologic medication that brings hope and cure to thousands of patients.
Emil has always been a dog lover and had his opportunity, along with his wife Joanne to bring 8 week old Dickens in to their lives in 2001. Since then, they adopted Ted, a terrier mix, from poodle rescue and realized how hard so many people work to bring better lives to our little friends. A few years after adopting Ted he learned about DAWS from their niece, and he and Joanne started volunteering on Sunday afternoons.
Cathy Schirmer - Secretary
Cathy Schirmer is a graduate of Berkeley Business School in White Plains, NY and has worked for Competitive Shared Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of ConEdison, for the past 12 years. She works in the Human Resources dept. as a Sr. HR Specialist. In 2010, she won the Living Our Values (LOV) award. The LOV award was established in 1992 and is the most prestigious honor Con Edison, Inc. bestows on an employee. LOV recognizes employees who personify the corporate values of service, honesty, concern, courtesy, excellence, and teamwork.
Cathy has been a volunteer at DAWS since 2009. She started as a Friday night dog socializer and then moved on to Friday night team lead, where she currently resides. Cathy is also an Adoption Counselor and heads up the Follow-up Committee that contacts adopters post-adoption. Cathy participates in many off site events and has been leading community outreach activities since April 2013. Cathy has also been a Top Dog Fundraiser for our Annual Walk for Animals for the past five years.
Cathy is married to Joe Schirmer who served on the DAWS Maintenance Committee several years ago. They live in Danbury, CT with their dog Thor (formerly Jesse) who they adopted from DAWS. Thor is a 5 year old German Shepherd/Lab mix from Mississippi.
Cathy will continue to support the Vision of DAWS by finding the best homes for all their animals, working towards opening a new facility, and being the shelter of choice in the greater Danbury community.
John Piper - Treasurer
John began volunteering with DAWS as a Thursday night dog walker in July of 2003 after he and his wife adopted their first dog, Pepper, from DAWS. After witnessing the dedication and compassion of the DAWS volunteers during the adoption process, John could see what a great organization DAWS is and wanted to be a part of it. John served on the Board of Directors from 2005 through 2007 and also served as Maintenance Program director during that same time. He has also served as Thursday Night Team Lead and has done many SATO transport pick-ups for the homeless dogs of Puerto Rico. He has achieved "Top Dog" fundraiser several times for the annual Walk for Animals fundraiser and has also assisted with the annual Hound Hike.
John works for Photronics, Inc. in Brookfield, CT as a Senior Purchasing Agent and is responsible for managing an annual spend of $80MM for the company's most critical direct material. He manages a global cross-functional Commodity Management Team across the U.S., Europe, and Asia to ensure company strategies are followed and goals are met. In 2008, Photronics presented him with a Citizenship Award for his contributions to animal welfare and also presented DAWS with a check for $1,000 on behalf of John's work
John graduated Cum Laude from Sacred Heart University with a degree in Business Administration and also received awards for academic excellence from the John F. Welch School of Business.
John lives in Waterbury, CT with his wife Susan and his son Ryan along with their three dogs; Pepper, Tucker, and Prinny. Pepper is a sixteen year old German Shepherd mix DAWS alumnus. Tucker and Prinny are both failed foster attempts. Tucker was rescued from the Hartford Pound on the day he was to be euthanized and Prinny was rescued from an abandoned house along with two of her puppies by John and several of his friends.
Corrie Falciano - Director
Corrie has worked at Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the past six years. Prior to working at Boehringer, she worked for Pepsi Bottling Group for two years and IBM Corporation for nine years. Corrie has held various financial and accounting roles with increasing responsibility at these companies. In her current role as Business Operations Manager, she provides operational and financial support for all business-related processes in her scientific-based function. Corrie graduated from Post University in Waterbury, CT with a Bachelor's Degree in Accounting.
Corrie is a lifelong animal lover. She has volunteered at DAWS as a cat socializer and with event planning. She attends the DAWS Making a Difference Ball annually with her friends and family. She also participated in the first DAWS 5K this year. She is excited for the opportunity to volunteer at the shelter again and offer her business and financial skills to an organization that is so close to her heart. Corrie lives in Danbury with her husband, Paul, a Financial Systems Manager at IBM Corporation. They are devoted parents to their two cats from DAWS, four year old Rosie and one year old Bernie Williams.
Lenore Maskara - Director
Lenore Maskara currently works as Benefits and Payroll Supervisor at Memry Corporation, a manufacturer of medical device components in Bethel, CT. She has held a variety of positions as a member of the Human Resources department since joining the company in 2002. Prior to that she was a Marketing Assistant at Neumann Real Estate in Ridgefield, CT. Lenore graduated from Marist College in Poughkeepsie, NY with a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration focusing on Human Resources.
As a child Lenore was highly allergic to animals and unable to have a pet of her own, but even then was passionate about animal rescue. She helped the occasional fallen baby bird and spent weekend mornings clipping dog food and cat litter coupons and forcing her parents to mail them to the local animal shelter. Finally, after years of pleading, her family rescued a lab mix, Dodger, from the pound.
Many years later and while living in an apartment with a strict "no pet" policy, Lenore began volunteering at DAWS. She has been a devoted Monday night dog socializer since 2006. Lenore also volunteers at off-site events, contributes baked goods for DAWS fundraisers, and is a member of the animal transport team.


text:
Welcome to Belle Vue Dental Practice
If, like so many people today, you are looking for a dental practice that can offer you the highest quality routine and specialised dental care, then Belle Vue can help you.
Based in the heart of Skipton, our state of the art facilities ensure you can enjoy outstanding treatment in surroundings that radiate calm and relaxation.
Our highly qualified team takes great pride in setting our clients on the right path to achieve genuinely healthy and naturally attractive smiles.
To discuss what we can offer you in more detail or to book your first appointment, please call 01756 793558 to speak to one of our team.


text:
2 Bunks Mattresses
Wooded Gully and Ridge walking tracks lead to this unmarked route to Bob's Camp Bivvy.
Grid reference: Topo50 map sheet BW23, E1542391, N5223146
Mt Thomas Forest and the Wooded Gully picnic area lie in the foothills of the Southern Alps, an hour by car from Christchurch.
NZ weather
DOC maps: Discover the outdoors - DOC's key places, campsites, tracks and huts, and visitor centres on a map
Backcountry hut information
Find backcountry huts
Follow the Outdoor Safety Code:1. Plan your trip2. Tell someone3. Be aware of the weather4. Know your limits5. Take sufficient supplies
Alerts for Canterbury places
Give feedback on a recent visit to a DOC place


text:
The sun and the stars serve as constant companions at Hillcrest Event Center, where a 9-hole golf course, a swimming pool, and camping grounds entertain visitors day and night. A breezy par 30, the executive course caters to all experience levels, inviting beginners to take on its short holes while letting seasoned golfers hone their approach shots. After navigating the water hazards, guests can purposely head to the Olympic-sized swimming pool, which ripples at the center of a 3,000-square-foot sundeck where waiters serve poolside food and drinks. Or, dine at The BBQ Pit, home of the Illinois BBQ Fest.
As the sun sets, the crackling glow of fires peppers the campgrounds, illuminating the nylon sides of tents or canvas hulls of mobile RVs. Tent sites include access to the resort's hot showers and restrooms, while the RV facilities' hookups pump water and electricity into mobile homes so residents can bathe in private and use electric carving knives for whittling. When the sun rises, residents can begin their day with a hike on the resort's nature trails.
They thunder through Case Creek, shedding clumps of mud and other grime as water splashes around their tired legs. The memory of the past 3.1 miles begins to take shape in their minds: swinging from monkey bar to monkey bar over a pool of murky water; flipping tires; scaling cargo nets and walls. They're the adrenaline junkies who've completed Case Creek Obstacles' 5K course, a labyrinth of obstacle-laden trails that cut through forested areas, across pastures, and over hills.
Mike Mott and Cole Chaplin share more than just alliterative names; their mutual passion for promoting Iowa's tourism industry led them to found IA Segway together, and they continue to introduce visitors to the cultural richness of the Quad Cities with informative Segway tours. Mike and Cole command a fleet of Segway i2s—the company's most current model—and teach tour groups how to safely operate the self-balancing steeds before blazing trails to spots of local and historic significance. Tours swing around scenic destinations such as the Figge Art Museum, McClellan Heights, and Credit Island, whose battlefield is strewn with denied credit cards that date back to the War of 1812.


text:
UC San Diego
Literature Faculty
Lecturers | Affiliated Faculty | Associate In
Office Hours
Graduate Students
Graduate Students - MFA
Heads of Section
Undergraduate Program
Student Awards
Careers in Literature
Honors Program
Language and Culture Programs
Learning Objectives
Major Checklists
Student Policies
Prospective Students
Study Abroad
Transfer Courses
Taking Literature Writing Courses
Graduate Program
Ph.D. in Literature
Ph.D. Program - Admissions
MFA in Writing
Current Graduate Students
UCSD Office of Graduate Studies
Graduate Student Life
Courses Offered by Year
Course Descriptions
UCSD Course Catalog
Schedule of Classes
News & Events
Current events
New Writing Series
New Publications
Alumni Lecture Series
The James K. Binder Lectureship in Literature
The Robert C. Elliott Memorial Lecture
Electronic Mailing List
Newsletter Archive
Arts & Humanities News
UCSD News | Center
Chicano/a~Latino/a Arts and Humanities Program
Clarion Writing Program
Program for the Study of Religion
Third World Studies
Alumni Assocation
Alumni Assocation
American Studies Association
Chinese Studies Program
Program in Classical Studies
Division of Arts and Humanities
Educational Status
German Studies
Italian Studies
Japanese Studies
Judaic Studies
Korean Studies
Linguistics Language Program
National Women's Studies Assocation
Russian and Soviet Studies
Summer Session
Visitor Guide to UCSD
Department Relations Policy
Faculty Resources
Computer Services
This Site
All UCSD Sites
Search Term
Graduate Program
Ph.D. in Literature
Preparing for Phase II
Forming a Doctoral Committee
During the middle of the second year of study, students begin to prepare for the second phase of doctoral study, the qualifying process. By the end of the second year or the beginning of the third year, students should have constituted a doctoral committee, completed a LTXX 298 course (in which they have prepared reading lists and chosen a research paper topic), and met with their committee in a pre-qualifying meeting. They thus can begin reading toward the qualifying examination in the summer following the second year of study.
The Doctoral Committee
The student invites a tenured professor to chair her/his doctoral committee. (Non-tenured professors may co-chair committees with tenured professors.) The student and chair consult about the constitution of the rest of the committee. The chair invites prospective members to join the doctoral committee.
Ideally, the committee will consist of professors with whom the student has studied. Four members of the committee must be ladder-rank members of the Literature Department whose work relates to the student's project. One member of the committee must be a tenured member of another department who can consult with the student on the dissertation project. (Please consult
the graduate coordinator
for stipulations about other configurations of the committee [i.e., non-UCSD committee members]).
The committee advises the student on the areas for reading lists and the long qualifying paper, conducts and evaluates the qualifying examination, supervises the preparation of the dissertation prospectus, advises the student on dissertation research and writing, and conducts the dissertation defense.
When the committee has been constituted, the committee chair informs
the graduate coordinator
of the committee's membership.
the graduate coordinator
then files with OGS a form to establish the committee. This form must be filed no later than the second week of the quarter prior to the qualifying examination.
Reconstituting the Doctoral Committee
When a change in the committee is necessary, the committee chair is responsible for the formal arrangements of finding another faculty member and informing the student and the graduate coordinator of the change. She then submits a request in writing to the Dean of Graduate Studies at OGS to reconstitute the membership of the committee. When the committee chair must be changed, the Director of Graduate Studies will advise the student and formally initiate the change with the department.
The Paperwork
The form constituting the Ph.D. committee must be filed no later than the second week of the quarter prior to the qualifying examination. The Ph.D. Requirements Worksheet must also be filed no later than the second week of the quarter prior to the qualifying examination.
Ph.D. in Literature
Year-by-Year Program Requirements
Section Requirements
Phase I
Preparing for Phase II
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
Joining the MLA
General Information
Graduate Coordinator
Kristin Carnohan
115 Literature Building
(858) 534-3217
Application Open:
9/1 - 12/1 (deadline)


text:
Writer | Body |
Susan Wessling |
Susan Wessling is an award-winning columnist, editor, and freelance writer. She lives in Worcester, Massachusetts. |
Susan Rita Ruel, Ph.D. |
Susan Rita Ruel, Ph.D., has served as Communications Manager/HR at VNSNY since 2005. |
Susan O'Brien, EdD, RN, Louise Riley, MS, RN, BC, and Jovita Solomon-Duarte, MSN, RN, CCRN |
Susan O'Brien, EdD, RN, is dean of the Thomas Edison State College School of Nursing and the principal writer of HRSA Grant # DIIHP05199. Louise Riley, MS, RN, BC, is the School of Nursing's assistant dean for distance learning and co-writer of the HRSA grant. Jovita Solomon-Duarte MSN, RN, CCRN, is the diversity coordinator for the School of Nursing. |
Susan Moscou, F.N.P., M.P.H., Ph.D. |
Susan Moscou, FNP, MPH, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the Mercy College School of Nursing. Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, New York is a private, nonprofit college offering more than 90 undergraduate and graduate programs. www.mercy.edu. 877-MERCY-GO. |
Sujayalakshmi Devarayasamudram, MSN, RN, MPhil |
Sujayalakshmi Devarayasamudram, MSN, RN, MPhil, is a clinical associate professor of nursing at North Carolina Central University in Durham, North Carolina. She can be contacted at email@example.com. |
Staja "Star" Booker, RN, MS | |
Staff | |
Spencer Miller, RN |
Spencer Miller, RN, is an emergency room nurse who has worked at various hospitals in Florida, Georgia and California. He now lives in San Jose, Calif., with his partner, Tao. Visit his blog at www.emergencydpt.com. |
Sonya Stinson |
Sonya Stinson is a freelance writer based in New Orleans. |


text:
YEA Yatala Enterprise Area
The Yatala Enterprise Area is one of the most important industrial land resources in South East Queensland.
As South East Queensland continues to expand at an unprecedented rate the Yatala Enterprise Area (YEA) will also continue to grow. The businesses that make the decision to locate in the YEA have the best opportunity for growth too.
The YEA's location in the north of the Gold Coast positions it as the pivotal point between Queensland and New South Wales border in the south and Queensland's capital Brisbane in the north. The YEA's location provides a high level of connectivity to local and regional markets, the Port of Brisbane and interstate trade destinations.
The YEA is a 3305ha site with enough land to meet demand until 2046 that will accommodate up to 40,000 workers at capacity. The development focus is on advanced manufacturing, transport and distribution, warehousing, food processing, building and construction and wholesale trade. So far, more than 800 companies employing around 8,000 staff have chosen the YEA as home to their business.
Unprecedented Growth
South East Queensland is Australia's fastest growing region and estimates from the SEQ Regional Plan point to almost a doubling of the population from 2.8 million people to more than 4.4 million by 2031.A range of factors have underpinned this growth, including its natural environment, lifestyle opportunities and an open and welcoming business community.
The Gold Coast is currently Australia's sixth largest city with a population of 500,000 which is expected to grow to nearly 800,000 by 2031. To accommodate the Gold Coast's considerable growth, an additional 7,733 jobs will need to be created every year for the next 30 years or more than 232,000 jobs in total.
The businesses locating in the YEA are going to play a vital role in creating jobs across the whole South East Queensland region.
Important: While all due care has been taken to ensure that the content of this website is accurate and current, there may be errors or omissions in it and no legal responsibility is accepted for the information and opinions in this website.


text:
Southeastern Connecticut Delays/Cancellations
Thank you for visiting theday.com
To continue reading up to 10 premium articles per month, you must register, or get...
$1 for 12 weeks
Already registered on theday.com? Login.
Not registered on theday.com? Register.
No, thank you.
Published 09/18/2013 12:00 AM
For Fitch senior Tory Knaff, music and theater arts are just as important as athletics. Knaff is a starting guard on the football team, and a singer in the chamber choir.
WiredZone: Fitch-Stonington
Navy families find a home at Fitch
Fitch football unites a divided town
Fitch's John Moscol leads by example
Jordan Panucci takes over at Fitch
Best Market in Montville closes suddenly
Police: Mystic man suffers fatal heart attack while shoveling snow
An overview of southeastern Connecticut after the blizzard
Malloy tours snow-shrouded Stonington
Sun acquire Little, Stricklen in trade for Montgomery
Norwich planning official Davis running for Waterford first selectman
Lyme and Old Lyme getting back to normal
Delivering mail in Mystic after blizzard a breeze for Mount Everest climber
Military personnel continue cleanup operations
Stokes leads UConn women to victory
Blizzard time lapse: downtown New London
Blizzard time lapse: drifting snow in Waterford
New London wakes up blanketed in snow
New London's Parker approaching 400 career wins
Blizzard scenes from Montville
Can Pats fans really handle the truth now?
Climate change upheaval seen brewing in atmosphere, oceans
Blizzard is coming, and it's a big one
Are there mountain lions in North Stonington?
Groton students choosing to attend school alternatives elsewhere


text:
CHICAGO, IL (April 14, 2014) –There's just one bat company that's been part of every game played in the cozy confines of historic Wrigley Field, which is celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2014. That bat is Louisville Slugger®, the number one and Official Bat of Major League Baseball®. To mark this historic season, Cubs and baseball fans can now get very special limited-edition and officially licensed Wrigley Field 100th anniversary bats from the company that's been leaving its mark on baseball since 1884, 30 years before Wrigley Field opened.
"Louisville Slugger is proud and honored to have been part of every game played at Wrigley Field in its remarkable 100-year run from 1914 to 2014," said Louisville Slugger Director of Specialty Bat Sales Brent Falkenstein. "We were in Babe Ruth's hands at Wrigley when he made the Called Shot, and we were in Ernie Banks' hands when he hit 290 of his career 512 home runs at home in Wrigley Field."
Being such a great part of Wrigley Field history only makes it natural for Louisville Slugger to create one of the greatest collectibles for this amazing milestone in baseball and American history. The company is offering two versions of limited-edition and numbered 100th anniversary bats, and just 5,000 of each are being made. Both bats are available at www.bigtimebats.com and www.sluggergifts.com.
One is a classic flame-tempered bat with the historic Louisville Slugger, Hillerich & Bradsby Co., Made in USA, Louisville, Kentucky logo. These bats also have the official Wrigley Field 100th anniversary logo and special end-branding: Chicago Cubs®, Wrigley Field 100th Anniversary, April 23, 1914–April 23, 2014 and the limited-edition number. This bat sells for $74.99 with delivery in five to seven days.
The other bat is two-tone in Cubs blue and red with white branding. It has the Wrigley Field 100th anniversary logo and is also engraved with historic dates and other interesting information such as the $250,000 cost of building the ballpark in 1914. The blue and red bat also has MLB's special limited-edition marking and Louisville Slugger's new brand introduced in 2013. This bat sells for $129.99 with delivery in two to four weeks.
"These are truly amazing limited-edition collectors' items that will grow in value," Falkenstein said. "Fans will certainly want to display these bats for years to come to commemorate Wrigley Field and all the history there with Louisville Slugger bats."
About Louisville Slugger Louisville Slugger® is the Official Bat of Major League Baseball® and the #1 Bat in MLB®. It is synonymous with America's pastime. Originating in 1884, Louisville Slugger bats have graced the hands of the greatest players in baseball, including stars of today. Known for helping create baseball history, Louisville Slugger continues to innovate and provide players the products and confidence they need to leave their marks and make new history every day.
- more press releases -


text:
László Bíró
László Bíro | |
László József Bíró, circa 1978.
Born | László József Bíró 29 September 1899 Budapest, Hungary |
Died | 24 October 1985 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
(aged 86)
Nationality | Hungarian |
Other names | Ladislas Jozsef Biro |
Ethnicity | Jewish |
Citizenship | Hungarian, Argentine |
Known for | Inventor of the Ballpoint pen |
Religion | Jewish |
Spouse(s) | Elsa Schick |
Children | Mariana |
László József Bíró (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbiːroː]; 29 September 1899 – 24 October 1985) was the inventor of the modern ballpoint pen.[1]
Bíró was born in Budapest, Hungary,[2] in 1899 into a Jewish family. He presented the first production of the ballpoint pen at the Budapest International Fair in 1931.[2] While working as a journalist in Hungary, he noticed that the ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge-free. He tried using the same ink in a fountain pen but found that it would not flow into the tip, as it was too viscous. Working with his brother György,[1] a chemist, he developed a new tip consisting of a ball that was free to turn in a socket, and as it turned it would pick up ink from a cartridge and then roll to deposit it on the paper. Bíró patented the invention in Paris in 1938.
In 1943 the brothers moved to Argentina. On 10 June they filed another patent, that issued in the USA as US Patent 2,390,636[3] and formed Biro Pens of Argentina (in fact, in Argentina the ballpoint pen is known as birome). This new design was licensed for production in the United Kingdom for supply to Royal Air Force aircrew, who found they worked much better than fountain pens at high altitude.[4]
In 1945 Marcel Bich bought the patent from Bíró for the pen, which soon became the main product of his Bic company.
László Bíró died in Buenos Aires in 1985. Argentina's Inventors' Day is celebrated on Bíró's birthday, 29 September.
"Biro" trademark[edit]
Ballpoint pens are widely referred to as "biro" in many countries, including the UK, Ireland, Australia and Italy.[5][6] Although the word is a registered trademark, it has become a genericised trademark.
The company's intellectual property department keeps a close eye on the media and will often write to publications who use its trade name without a capital letter or as a generic term for ballpoint pens, in order to preserve its trademark. They have written to Private Eye (who printed the letter on their correspondence page under the heading "What a pathetic way to make a living") concerning this on at least one occasion. The Biro is still the main product of companies like Bic, Waterman and Parker.
- ^ a b Stoyles, Pennie; Peter Pentland (2006). The A to Z of Inventions and Inventors. p. 18. ISBN 1-58340-790-1. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ a b "Golyó a tollban - megemlékezés Bíró László Józsefről". Hungarian Patent Office (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ "US2390636 "Writing Instrument"". Retrieved 2013-08-05.
- ^ Bevan, Rob; Tim Wright (2004). Unleash Your Creativity: Secrets of Creative Genius. p. 82. ISBN 1-904902-17-0. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ Room, Adrian (1983). Dictionary of Trade Name Origins. Routledge. p. 41. ISBN 0-7102-0174-5. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ "Biro nell'Enciclopedia Treccani" (in Italian). Retrieved 2013-05-22.
External links[edit]
- Brief biography of Bíró by Budapest Pocket Guide


text:
[941] Clinicopathological Correlation of ERG Protein Expression in Single Focus Prostate Cancer.
Isabell A Sesterhenn, Shyh-Han Tan, Albert Dobi, Shiv Srivastava, David G McLeod, Stephen A Brassell, Bungo Furusato. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC
Background: A single cross section of a cohort of 132 whole mount radical prostatectomies were previously stained with an ERG antibody developed in the Center for Prostate Disease Research revealed either positive or negative tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine by immunohistochemistry if single large prostatic carcinomas are homogeneous with respect to their ERG oncoprotein expression status despite their heterogeneous appearance in the H&E stained sections.
Design: In 14 (10.6%) of the 132 specimens a single tumor was identified. Laterality, zone of origin, tumor volume, Gleason score, and pathologic stage were recorded. Eight of these were utilized for immunohistochemical evaluation of the entire tumors. Following deparaffinization and antigen retrieval the sections were incubated with the ERG MAb at a dilution of 1:1280 followed by biotinylated horse anti-mouse antibody at a dilution of 1:200 (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) followed by treatment with the ABC Kit (Vector Laboratories) The color detection was achieved by treatment with VIP (Vector Laboratories).
Results: Patient's median age was 61 years and median PSA was 5.2 ng/mL. Single focus cancers were unilateral in five of eight cases and all five cases were located in the peripheral zone. The median tumor volume was 7.2 cc. (range: 2 cc. to 18.8 cc.) Gleason score (Gl) distribution was: Gl 7 (3+4) in four of eight, and Gl 8-10 in three of eight cases. One case consisted of a minute focus of carcinoma, too small to give Gleason score. Pathological stage was pT2 in three of eight, pT2 R1 in one of eight and pT3/4 in four of eight cases. ERG expression was detected in all tumors. Six of eight cases showed intratumoral heterogeneity. The other two cases showed homogeneous ERG expression.
Conclusions: Although the number of cases is small, the results suggest that the ERG expression correlates with either a single or multiple clonal origin of prostatic carcinoma in these high volume, and high-grade tumors.
Category: Genitourinary (including renal tumors)
Monday, February 28, 2011 1:00 PM
Poster Session II # 110, Monday Afternoon


text:
Lexham English Bible (LEB) | New International Version (NIV) |
1 The word of Yahweh that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning [the] Philistines {before} Pharaoh attacked Gaza. | 1 This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the Philistines before Pharaoh attacked Gaza: |
2 Thus says Yahweh: "Look, waters [are] rising from [the] north, and they will become as a raging torrent, and they will overflow [the] land, and that which fills it, [the] city and those who live in it. And the people will cry out, and every inhabitant of the land will wail, | 2 This is what the LORD says: "See how the waters are rising in the north; they will become an overflowing torrent. They will overflow the land and everything in it, the towns and those who live in them. The people will cry out; all who dwell in the land will wail |
3 from the sound of the stamping of the hoofs of his stallions, from the clattering of his chariots, the noise of their wheels. Fathers do not turn to [their] children because of [the] slackness of [their] hands. | 3 at the sound of the hoofs of galloping steeds, at the noise of enemy chariots and the rumble of their wheels. Fathers will not turn to help their children; their hands will hang limp. |
4 Because of the day that is coming to destroy all [the] Philistines, to cut off from Tyre and from Sidon every survivor [who could] help, for Yahweh [is] destroying [the] Philistines, the remnant of the coastland of Caphtor. | 4 For the day has come to destroy all the Philistines and to cut off all survivors who could help Tyre and Sidon. The LORD is about to destroy the Philistines, the remnant from the coasts of Caphtor. |
5 Baldness has come upon Gaza, Ashkelon is destroyed. O remnant of their valley, {how long} will you cut yourself with a blade? | 5 Gaza will shave her head in mourning; Ashkelon will be silenced. O remnant on the plain, how long will you cut yourselves? |
6 Ah, sword of Yahweh, {how long} will you not be quiet? Gather to your sheath, keep quiet and stand still. | 6 " 'Ah, sword of the LORD,' [ you cry,] 'how long till you rest? Return to your scabbard; cease and be still.' |
7 How can you be quiet when Yahweh has given an order to it? Against Ashkelon and against the shore of the sea, there he has appointed it." | 7 But how can it rest when the LORD has commanded it, when he has ordered it to attack Ashkelon and the coast?" |
Scripture quotations marked (LEB) are from the Lexham English Bible. Copyright 2012 Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software. (Lexham English Bible) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


text:
Total Trainer FAQ�s
Why does a Total Trainer use a rope for the main pulley assembly rather than a cable?
This was a decision that was researched carefully before it was made. The rope used on all Total Trainers is a static rope (used for ascending or repelling in rock climbing). These are ropes with solid nylon cores surrounded by a decorative nylon rope braid. These do not stretch and are nearly impossible to break cleanly. When a cable is used on a product that requires multiple passes through a sealed steel pulley (such as exists on a Total Trainer), the rubber coating on the cable is very susceptible to shredding or tearing. This rubber coating will also crack and splinter over time. The addition of the four point pulley assembly also necessitates the usage of more flexible ropes as the ropes will spend time crossing the body when in a supine position. If cables are used for this, it can be quite uncomfortable.
Tags: -
Related entries:
Author: Nikki
Revision: 1.0
You cannot comment on this entry


text:
We have specialists standing by to help you find what you need. It is always fun to save tons of money on Nissan Frontier Turn Signal parts. Online purchasing of Nissan Frontier Turn Signal auto parts is the future of fixing your vehicle. If you think our Nissan Frontier Turn Signal parts pricing is spectacular, order those Nissan Frontier Turn Signal auto parts from us. Need your Nissan Frontier Turn Signal parts faster, try our expedited shipping options. Our knowledgeable staff is ready to help you find the auto parts you need for your vehicle. AutohausAZ has the best selection on the net of all kinds of auto parts.
John H. - Gilbert, AZ: I received my parts in record delivery time, good parts, good price, and quick, too!
JAMES W. - Patuxent River, MD: Autohaus has the best prices, fastest delivery and the most user friendly web site on the market. The parts I ordered (clutch master and slave cylinders) for my Porsche are factory quality. They fit perfectly and perform great. Thanks for the great service!