text:
A to Z
- Accession negotiations
- Accession partnership
An accession partnership is an agreement between the Council of Ministers of the European Union and a candidate country. It identifies key priority areas in which progress must be made in order for the candidate country to adapt to EU legislation. It also coordinates the aid provided by the European Union to that country. Financial assistance is conditional upon the candidate country making sufficient progress in the identified priority areas. More
- Additionality
Additionality is one of the principles driving the workings of the Structural Funds. This principle stipulates that contributions from the Structural Funds must not replace public or equivalent structural expenditure by a Member State in the regions concerned by this principle. In other words, the financial allocations from the Structural Funds may not result in a reduction of national structural expenditure in those regions. The principle of additionality is verified for the regions covered by the Convergence Objective. More
- Audit authority
The audit authority is a national, regional or local public authority or body designated for each Operational Programme and responsible for verifying the effective functioning of the management and control system; it also monitors project compliance with national and European regulations. More
- Budget
EU Member States contribute to a common EU budget in order to achieve common objectives.
Member States directly contribute on the basis of their gross national income (GNI). Customs duties and VAT receipts provide additional revenue. The budget ceiling is currently set at 1.24% of EU GNI. More
- Categories of expenditure
- Certifying authority
- Co-financing rate
- Cohesion Fund
- Cohesion Policy
- Committee of the Regions
- Community Strategic Guidelines on Cohesion 2007-13
- Control and Audit
- Convergence Objective
- Coordination Committee of the Funds
- Cross-border cooperation
- Categories of expenditure
Categories of expenditure help to measure the contribution that programmes and projects co-financed by the EU's Structural and Cohesion Funds make towards creating growth and jobs.
The EU's Integrated Guidelines on Growth and Jobs provide the basis for a list of categories in Council Regulation 1083/2006, which lays down general funding provisions. As a result, all Operational Programmes co-financed under the Funds must categorise their expenditure according to these headings. Categories range from 'R&TD activity in research centres' through to 'Support for self-employment and business start-ups'. More
- Certifying authority
A certifying authority is responsible for guaranteeing the accuracy and probity of statements of expenditure and requests for payments before they are sent to the European Commission. Management of the European Regional Development Fund, European Social Fund and Cohesion Fund is shared with member countries, regions and other intermediary bodies. A certifying authority is nominated by one or more of the aforementioned groups for each Operational Programme co-financed by these Funds. More
- Co-financing rate
The term 'co-financing rate' refers to the contribution EU funding makes to a programme. Co-financing is usually subject to a maximum threshold, which is defined as a percentage of the total value of the programme, or part thereof. In the specific context of the Structural and Cohesion Funds 2007-13, Annex III of Regulation 1083/2006 lays down the ceilings applicable to co-financing rates. More
- Cohesion Fund
Since 1994, the Cohesion Fund has been used to provide support for the poorer regions of Europe and stabilise their economies with a view to promoting growth, employment and sustainable development. The Fund contributes to financing environmental measures and trans-European transport networks - particularly high-priority projects of European interest - in the 12 Member States that have joined the EU since 2004, as well as in Spain, Greece and Portugal. The Cohesion Fund may also be used to finance the priorities of the EU's environmental protection policy. More
- Cohesion Policy
Cohesion Policy is the European Union's strategy to promote and support the "overall harmonious development" of its Member States and regions.
Enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Art. 174), the EU's Cohesion Policy aims to strengthen economic and social cohesion by reducing disparities in the level of development between regions. The policy focuses on key areas which will help the EU face up to the challenges of the 21st century and remain globally competitive. More
- Committee of the Regions
The Committee of the Regions is a consultative body that allows local and regional authorities to take part in EU legislative work.
Its 344 members usually comprise elected local or regional politicians, leaders of regional governments, or the mayors of cities. They are nominated for five years by the Council on the basis of a proposal made by each country, in numbers that reflect national populations. The Committee's president and bureau are appointed by the members and serve a two and a half year term of office. More
- Community Strategic Guidelines on Cohesion 2007-13
These Guidelines are an important part of the new Cohesion Policy as they strengthen its strategic dimension. They were prepared by the European Commission and adopted by the Council of the European Union (i.e. all the Member States). The Guidelines define the programming priorities at the European level for a seven-year period. Each Member State then presents a 'National Strategic Reference Framework' in line with the Guidelines. The Guidelines contribute towards achieving results in other EU priorities, e.g. those stemming from the Lisbon Strategy and the Integrated Guidelines for growth and jobs. Examples of the areas covered are investment, jobs, knowledge and innovation. More
- Control and Audit
The term 'Control and Audit' refers to the sound financial management of the Structural and Cohesion Funds. Management and delivery of the programmes is largely devolved to administrations at national and sub-national levels. Member States must assure the Commission that the Funds are being spent effectively and in accordance with the Regulations. They must provide reliable accounting, monitoring and financial reporting systems and identify the responsible bodies and procedures to ensure an adequate audit trail. More
- Convergence Objective
This is one of the three priority objectives of the EU's Cohesion Policy for 2007-13. It closely mirrors former 'Objective 1' funding. The Convergence Objective aims to help the least developed Member States and regions that are lagging behind to close the gap more quickly in relation to the EU average by improving conditions for growth and employment. More
- Coordination Committee of the Funds
The Coordination Committee of the Funds (COCOF) is a standing committee of the European Commission. Its function is to discuss issues relating to the implementation of the regulations governing the Structural and Cohesion Funds. The Committee usually meets on a monthly basis and is chaired by the European Commission. Officials from the Member States also attend. More
- Cross-border cooperation
The 52 cross-border cooperation programmes are part of the European Territorial Cooperation objective under the Cohesion Policy for 2007-13.
Cross-border cooperation between adjoining regions aims to develop cross-border social and economic activities through joint development strategies. More
- Decommitment
Under the automatic decommitment principle, if a sum committed to a programme has not been claimed by the end of the second year following the programme's adoption, any unpaid money ceases to be available to that programme. This mechanism was introduced in 1999 for programmes over the period 2000-06 so as to improve both their speed of development and the monitoring of flows of programme funding. More
- ESPON (European Spatial Planning Observation Network)
- EU Solidarity Fund
- Economic and social cohesion
- Eligibility of expenditure
- Employment
- Enlargement
- Environment
- Equal opportunities
- European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD)
- European Employment Strategy (EES)
- European Fisheries Fund (EFF)
- European Groupings for Territorial Cooperation (EGTC)
- European Investment Bank
- European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI)
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- European Social Fund (ESF)
- European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP)
- European Territorial Cooperation Objective
- Evaluation
- ESPON (European Spatial Planning Observation Network)
ESPON is an applied research programme aimed at supporting the formulation of territorial development policies in Europe. To this end, the programme produces wide-ranging and systematic data on territorial trends related to various economic, social and environmental aspects, with a view to identifying the potential of regions, cities and larger territories and the economic challenges they face. More
- EU Solidarity Fund
The European Union Solidarity Fund (EUSF), established in 2002, is designed to allow a rapid, efficient and flexible response to urgent situations following major natural disasters. It intervenes mainly in natural disasters which have serious repercussions on living conditions, the natural environment or the economy in one or more regions of a Member State or a candidate country which has already begun accession negotiations. More
- Economic and social cohesion
As an expression of solidarity between the EU Member States and their regions, economic and social cohesion aims to achieve balanced socio-economic development throughout the EU.
Economic and social cohesion is implemented through the Regional Policy of the EU, which was incorporated into the EC Treaty by the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. Regional Policy reduces structural disparities between regions and Member States through a variety of operations that are financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Cohesion Fund. More
- Eligibility of expenditure
The criteria for eligibility of expenditure determine whether a cost qualifies for funding under the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), European Social Fund (ESF) or Cohesion Fund.
Three EC Regulations (1080/2006, 1083/2006 and 1828/2006) establish the main principles on the eligibility of expenditure at European level to ensure consistency between the rules implemented in the Member States. Detailed criteria are laid down at national level. More
- Employment
The EU is committed to helping Europe remain at the forefront of the global economy and seeks to play its part in creating the right conditions to generate employment and growth. In 2000 the EU revamped its economic agenda by developing the Lisbon Strategy. This strategy was re-launched in 2005 with a tighter focus on generating growth and jobs. More
- Enlargement
Since the accession of Bulgaria and Romania on 1 January 2007, the European Union has comprised 27 Member States. Enlargement refers to the waves of new members joining the EU. Twenty-one countries have so far joined the six founding members of the European Communities (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands): More
- Environment
The European Union's environment policy aims to preserve, protect and improve the environment for present and future generations, and to promote the principles of sustainable development.
The policy's main priorities are to: combat climate change; protect biodiversity; reduce pollution and its impact on human health; advocate the prudent and rational use of natural resources. More
- Equal opportunities
Equality between men and women is a cornerstone of EU law and policy-making.
The EU is committed to developing measures to ensure equal opportunities and equality of treatment for people regardless of gender. This ethos applies in all areas of economic, social, cultural and family life. The EU is also pursuing gender mainstreaming in order to reinforce equality rights and combat gender discrimination. More
- European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD)
The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) supports European policy on rural development. To this end, it finances rural development programmes across the Member States and the regions of the Union. Programmes are designed in cooperation between the European Commission and the Member States, taking into account the strategic guidelines for rural development policy adopted by the Council and the priorities laid down by national strategy plans. More
- European Employment Strategy (EES)
The European Employment Strategy (EES) helps European Union countries to create more and better jobs. Objectives, priorities and targets are agreed at EU level. Governments then coordinate their efforts to promote employment. More
- European Fisheries Fund (EFF)
With a total budget of around €3.8 (2006 prices) billion for the 2007-13 programming period, the European Fisheries Fund (EFF) supports the European fishing and aquaculture sector, fisheries areas and inland fishing. To this end, it finances the Operating Programmes drawn up by the Member States in consultation with local and regional economic and social partners involved in the fisheries sector. More
- European Groupings for Territorial Cooperation (EGTC)
European Groupings for Territorial Cooperation aim to facilitate and promote cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation in the EU. Their tasks include the implementation of programmes that are being co-financed by the EU or any other European cross-border cooperation project. More
- European Investment Bank
Founded in 1958, the European Investment Bank (EIB) is the long-term lending bank of the European Union. The EIB is active throughout the EU as well as in some 140 countries worldwide which have cooperation agreements with the EU. The bank collaborates closely with the EU institutions to help achieve key EU objectives. More
- European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI)
European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is aimed at supporting political, economic and social reform processes in the following neighbouring countries of the European Union: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia, and Ukraine. ENP aims to strengthen prosperity, stability, security, the market economy and sustainable growth through a continuous dialogue with each partner country. More
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
The ERDF was set up in 1975 and provides financial support for the development and structural adjustment of regional economies, economic change, enhanced competitiveness as well as territorial cooperation throughout the EU. Along with the European Social Fund (ESF), the ERDF is one of the two Structural Funds of the EU. More
- European Social Fund (ESF)
Established in 1958, the ESF is one of the EU's main financial instruments for supporting national policies that seek to increase employment and employment opportunities, improve quality and productivity at work, and reduce social exclusion and regional employment disparities. More
- European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP)
The original concept behind the ESDP dates back to the 1960s. Following intensive discussions, it was officially adopted in May 1999 by the ministers with responsibility for regional planning in the 15 Member States. The ESDP is a framework for policy guidance designed to improve cooperation in EU sectoral policies which have a significant impact on spatial and territorial development. It also aims to improve the coordination of national policies in this field. The ESDP is based on three key principles: developing a balanced and polycentric urban system and a renewed relationship between cities and the countryside; ensuring equal access to knowledge infrastructures; and sustainable development, intelligent management and conservation of nature and cultural assets. More
- European Territorial Cooperation Objective
This objective is aimed at strengthening cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation based on the old INTERREG initiative and financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
Cooperation is based around research, development, the information society, the environment, risk prevention, and integrated water management. Eligible regions are those at NUTS III level which are situated along EU internal land borders, external land borders and certain regions situated along maritime borders separated by a maximum of 150 km. More
- Evaluation
Three types of evaluation have been identified for the 2007-13 programming period: before (ex ante), during (ongoing), and after (ex post). Cohesion Policy is evaluated on a partnership basis. Member States are responsible for ex ante evaluation while the European Commission carries out ex post evaluation. More
- Financial corrections
Financial corrections are withdrawals of funding that take place when payments to EU-backed projects have been made in error due to irregularities such as fraud.
The Commission is committed to recovering funds that have been obtained or used fraudulently, and will use the full force of the law to track down such payments. Deployment of financial corrections could include cancelling all or part of an EU contribution to an Operational Programme. More
- Financial engineering
In order to make the EU's Cohesion Policy for 2007-13 more efficient and sustainable, and also to help support the Lisbon process, assorted new technical assistance and financial engineering initiatives have been developed since 2006. These are joint instruments supported by the European Commission and a number of partner institutions, among them the EIB, EIF, EBRD, CEB and KfW. These instruments include: JASPERS - 'Joint Assistance in Supporting Projects in European Regions' - to support the preparation of large projects; JEREMIE - 'Joint European Resources for Micro to Medium Enterprises' - to improve access to credit for SMEs and business; JESSICA - 'Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in City Areas' - to provide sustainable funding for urban development; JASMINE - 'Joint Action to Support Micro-credit Institutions In Europe' - to provide technical assistance support to improve access to micro-credit. More
- Fraud
As well as being part of general efforts to combat organised crime, the fight against fraud and corruption also involves countering illegal activities adversely affecting the financial interests of the European Union (EU). It rests on two legal bases: More
- Global Grants
Global Grants help small, non-governmental organisations, such as voluntary groups and community organisations, to obtain support from the European Social Fund (ESF) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). More
- Information and publicity
- Innovation
- Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
- Interregional cooperation
INTERACT 2007-13 offers assistance to stakeholders who are implementing EU-funded programmes under the Cohesion Policy's European Territorial Cooperation Objective.
INTERACT provides advice on management and implementation, supports the organisation of thematic seminars and disseminates examples of good practice. The programme has a total budget of €40 million, of which €34 million comes from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). More
The INTERREG III initiative was an integral part of the European Union's (EU) Regional Policy 2000-06.
INTERREG III set out to improve economic and social cohesion by supporting cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation. The goal was to promote balanced development across the EU. More
The INTERREG IVC interregional cooperation programme covers all EU Member States, plus Norway and Switzerland, under the European Territorial Cooperation Objective co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Approved for the period 2007-13, its main goal is to improve regional development policies through exchanges of experiences and good practice. It also aims to capitalise on regional know-how and good practices already identified at the European level. More
- Information and publicity
The European Commission and the EU Member States must keep the public informed about Cohesion Policy and the funded projects which it supports. With billions of euro being spent through the Structural Funds, it is vital that local communities receive clear details of how they are to benefit and how EU taxpayers' money is being spent. More
- Innovation
Innovation, whether it relates to the development of new products, processes or organisational techniques, can help give economic operators a competitive edge. The European Union is acutely aware of this and places the fostering of innovation at the centre of its Strategy for Growth and Jobs. More
- Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA)
The Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) has been established by the EU to support candidate countries and potential candidate countries.
The IPA covers the period 2007-13 and replaces a number of older EU pre-accession programmes like PHARE, ISPA, SAPARD and CARDS as well as a financial instrument for Turkey. More
- Interregional cooperation
Interregional cooperation is aimed at enhancing EU regional development through transfers of know-how and exchanges of experiences between regions.
The Interregional Cooperation Programme INTERREG IVC forms part of the European Territorial Cooperation Objective under the Cohesion Policy for 2007-13. The programme aims to improve the effectiveness of regional development policies and contribute to economic modernisation and increased competitiveness in Europe. More
JASMINE stands for 'Joint Action to Support Microfinance Institutions in Europe'. It is one of the four new financial engineering initiatives introduced under the EU Cohesion Policy for 2007-13. With a total budget of €50 million, JASMINE is a pilot initiative which has been jointly developed by the European Commission (EC), the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Investment Fund (EIF). More
JASPERS ('Joint Assistance to Support Projects in the European Regions') is a joint instrument supported by the European Commission, the European Investment Bank (EIB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ERDB) and, since July 2008, Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW). It is a technical assistance facility available to the twelve Member States that joined the European Union in 2004 and 2007, in order to assist them with preparing major projects which will be supported by EU funds. JASPERS offers a pool of expertise to help the new Member States make the best use of available funding. Assistance can be made available for the project structuring and preparatory stages up until the point when a decision to grant funding is made. JASPERS has been operational since 2006 and is now close to its full complement of 60 expert staff, most of them based close to the beneficiaries in three regional offices in Warsaw, Vienna and Bucharest. More
JEREMIE stands for 'Joint European Resources for Micro to Medium Enterprises'. It is a financial instrument that has been established by the European Commission in partnership with the European Investment Bank (EIB) and European Investment Fund (EIF) to improve access to finance for micro-businesses and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in regions of the EU. More
JESSICA ('Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in City Areas') is a European Commission initiative that has been developed with the cooperation of the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB). More
- Lisbon 'targeting'
In the 2007-13 programming period, European Cohesion Policy programmes have 'targeted' certain objectives outlined in the EU's Lisbon Strategy for growth and jobs. This targeting involves the earmarking of funds for investments that directly strengthen competitiveness and job creation - in research and innovation, skills, business services, major European infrastructures and greater energy efficiency. More
- Lisbon Strategy
Set out by the Heads of State and of Government at the Lisbon European Council in March 2000, the Lisbon Strategy is an action and development plan for jobs and economic growth in the EU. Policy measures proposed under the Lisbon Strategy cover a wide range of national and EU policies, aiming to support knowledge and innovation, make Europe a more attractive place to invest and work, and create more and better jobs. More
- Managing authority
Under the auspices of the EU's Cohesion Policy for 2007-13, a managing authority is responsible for the efficient management and implementation of an Operational Programme.
A managing authority may be a national ministry, a regional authority, a local council, or another public or private body that has been nominated and approved by a Member State. Managing authorities are expected to conduct their work in line with the principles of sound financial management. More
- Monitoring
EU Structural and Cohesion funding must be spent effectively and in accordance with its defined purpose. For this reason, extensive evaluation and monitoring procedures have been established through EU legislation to check that Operational Programmes using Structural and Cohesion funding are performing properly and delivering results that can be checked against agreed criteria. More
- Monitoring committee
Member States are required to appoint monitoring committees to check that Operational Programmes (OPs) which use Structural and Cohesion funding are being correctly implemented. These committees are chaired by the relevant Member State (or managing authority) and comprise regional, economic and social partners. More
- Mountain areas
A 2004 study for the European Commission showed that the European Union, Norway and Switzerland contain mountain-area municipalities which cover some 1 900 000 km2 (about 40.6 per cent of total land mass). These mountainous areas are inhabited by 94.3 million people (19.1 per cent of the total population of the countries covered by the study). More
- N+2, n+3
- National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)
- Northern Ireland Task Force
- Northern Ireland and the Border Region of Ireland: The Peace Programme
- N+2, n+3
N+2 and n+3 relate to financing rules for the annual allocation of money from the European Union's Structural and Cohesion Funds.
If the funding in question has not been spent by that date, the Commission can 'decommit' future budget allocations. Automatic decommitments are made if funding is not spent, or requests for payments are not made, by the end of the second year (n+2). This deadline is extended to three years (n+3) for the new Member States plus Greece and Portugal until 2010. More
The 'nomenclature of territorial units for statistics' (NUTS) was created by the European Office for Statistics (Eurostat) in order to apply a common statistical standard across the European Union.
NUTS levels are geographical areas used to collect harmonised data in the EU. They have been used in the Structural Funds since 1988 and play an important role in allocating Structural Funds. More
- National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)
For the programming period 2007-13 each Member State has produced a National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF). This is a reference document for programming Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund interventions in a manner consistent with the Strategic Guidelines on Cohesion 2007-13. It defines the strategy chosen by the relevant Member State and presents a list of national and regional Operational Programmes (OPs) which it is seeking to implement, as well as an indicative annual financial allocation for each OP. The NSRF should also be consistent with the Member State's National Reform Programme (NRP) relating to the Lisbon Strategy for growth and jobs. More
- Northern Ireland Task Force
An important initiative for Northern Ireland on the part of the Commission has taken the form of the creation of Northern Ireland Task Force (NITF). Its origins lie in the agreement to re-establish power sharing arrangements in Northern Ireland in May 2007 involving the two major political parties. More
- Northern Ireland and the Border Region of Ireland: The Peace Programme
The PEACE III Programme (2007-2013) is a distinctive EU structural funds programme. It aims at reinforcing progress towards a peaceful and stable society, and promoting reconciliation in Northern Ireland and the Border Region of Ireland. More
- Operational Programme
Member States submit their Operational Programmes within the common framework of the Strategic Guidelines on Cohesion Policy and on the basis of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF). Each Operational Programme relates to one of the three new objectives and sets out a development strategy with a coherent set of priorities to be carried out with the aid of a single fund or, in the case of the Convergence objective, with the aid of the Cohesion Fund and the European Regional Development Fund. More
- Outermost regions
Seven regions in the European Union are classified as 'outermost': the four French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, French Guyana, Martinique, Réunion); the Spanish Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands; the Portuguese autonomous regions of the Azores and Madeira. More
- Partnership
- Paying authority
- Payments
- The PEACE programme for Northern Ireland and the Border Region of Ireland
- Pre-accession aid
- Pre-accession strategy
- Programming
- Proportionality
- Partnership
Historically the European Union has developed its regional policy activities and distributed Structural and Cohesion funding through a partnership process, which includes significant input from the Member States. More
- Paying authority
Under the new Cohesion Policy for 2007-13, a paying authority is now known as a certifying authority. However, the responsibilities of these bodies remain much as they were during the 2000-06 programming period. More
- Payments
When distributing EU Structural and Cohesion funding to Operational Programmes running between 2007 and 2013, the Commission can make three types of payments:
- The PEACE programme for Northern Ireland and the Border Region of Ireland
The PEACE III Programme (2007-2013) is a distinctive EU structural funds programme. It aims at reinforcing progress towards a peaceful and stable society, and promoting reconciliation in Northern Ireland and the Border Region of Ireland. More
- Pre-accession aid
The European Union provides pre-accession aid to countries that are applying to join the EU. This assistance helps candidate countries to meet the EU's accession conditions, which include bringing their institutions and standards into line with the Community acquis: the body of common rights and obligations which binds all Member States to the EU. More
- Pre-accession strategy
A pre-accession strategy establishes a framework for candidate countries to follow as they bid to become members of the European Union. A strategy lays down the procedures and priorities that all candidates must attend to as they undertake 'structured dialogue' with the EU institutions. More
- Programming
Programming refers to the administrative mechanism used to pursue the objectives of the Structural and Cohesion Funds. Multi-annual programmes - known as Operational Programmes - ensure consistency and continuity over a seven-year period. Programmes relate to specific geographical areas at national or sub-national level, depending on the governance arrangements in place. Programme aims include identifying strategic priorities and indicative actions, outlining financial allocations, and summarising management and control systems. The current programming period runs from 2007 until 2013. More
- Proportionality
Proportionality regulates how the European Union exercises its powers. It works in much the same way as the principle of subsidiarity. The proportionality principle means that, to achieve its aims, the EU will only take the action it needs to and no more. The principle is enshrined in the Community Treaty under Article 5, which states: "The Community shall act within the limits of the powers conferred upon it by this Treaty and of the objectives assigned to it therein." More
- Cohesion report
- Recovery (of funds)
- RegioStars awards for innovative projects
- Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objective
- Regions for Economic Change
- Regulations
- Rural Development
- Cohesion report
A cohesion report is produced by the European Commission every three years to report on progress towards achieving economic and social cohesion across the European Union. Enshrined in Article 175 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (consolidated version 2008), the report must be submitted to the European Parliament, Council of Ministers, Economic and Social Committee and Committee of the Regions. More
- Recovery (of funds)
There are three circumstances in which the European Commission has to ask relevant Member States for a reimbursement (recovery) of structural funding.
Firstly, recovery is due when not all the financial contributions to the relevant Member State have been necessary. The EU's financial rules would require recovery of these amounts of money. More
- RegioStars awards for innovative projects
'RegioStars' forms part of the Commission's 'Regions for Economic Change' initiative, which seeks to promote the exchange of experiences and good practices between Europe's regions as a way of boosting innovation. More
- Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objective
This is one of the three priority objectives under European Cohesion Policy for 2007-13. It aims to strengthen the competitiveness and attractiveness of, and employment in, regions not included in the Convergence Objective (which covers the most disadvantaged regions). It is designed to help pre-empt economic and social changes, promote innovation, entrepreneurship, environmental protection, accessibility, adaptability, and the development of inclusive labour markets. It will be financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Social Fund (ESF). More
- Regions for Economic Change
'Regions for Economic Change' is an initiative that complements the Cohesion Policy's Territorial Cooperation Objective 2007-13. Its goal is to promote the exchange of good practices between Europe's regions as a way of boosting innovative activity. The initiative will help Regional Policy to support the EU's strategic goals of boosting growth and jobs across Europe. More
- Regulations
Regulations are the strongest form of EU legislation. They are of general application, binding in their entirety and directly enforceable in all Member States. Legislation relating to EU Cohesion Policy usually takes the form of regulations. More
- Rural Development
The EU's policy on Rural Development helps rural areas respond to the challenges they face, and is part of a horizontal policy approach to creating growth and jobs in Europe. Strategic EU Guidelines provide an overall policy framework, and general rules are laid down in Council Regulation 1698/2005 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). The Regulation identifies three priority areas or 'axes': More
- Shared management
There are two main types of EU funding: funds which are managed centrally and directly by the European Commission, e.g. for research; and funds whose management is shared between the EU and the Member States, e.g. the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund. The EU entrusts management of the latter to the Member States. The bulk of EU spending involves funds which come under shared management by the EU Member States. More
- State aid
European Union rules on state aid were put in place to ensure that state-owned resources are not deployed to distort competition or create unfair advantage in the European single market.
State aid is an advantage given by a government that may provide a company with an unfair competitive edge over its commercial rivals. Such state aid can be delivered in a variety of ways, such as through the allocation of grant subsidies, the provision of interest and tax relief, or the purchasing of goods and services on preferential terms. More
- Structural Funds
For the period 2007-13, Regional Policy is financed by the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund.
The Structural Funds have two components: the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), providing financial support since 1975 for the development and structural adjustment of regional economies, economic change, enhanced competitiveness as well as territorial cooperation throughout the EU; and the European Social Fund (ESF), set up in 1958 and seeking to contribute to the adaptability of workers and enterprises, access to employment and participation in the labour market, social inclusion of disadvantaged people, combating all forms of discrimination, and creating partnerships to manage reforms in employment. More
- Subsidiarity
The subsidiarity principle aims to ensure that decisions are taken as closely as possible to the citizen. Except in cases where the EU has exclusive competence, action at European level should not be taken unless it is more effective than action taken at national, regional or local level. Susbsidiarity is closely bound up with the principles of proportionality and necessity, meaning that any action by the Union should not go beyond what is necessary to achieve the objectives of the Treaty. More
- Sustainable development
The concept of sustainable development refers to a form of development policy which seeks to satisfy society's economic, social and environmental needs in terms of well-being in the short, medium and - above all - long term. It is founded on the assumption that development must meet today's needs without jeopardising the welfare of future generations. In practical terms, this means creating the conditions for long-term economic development whilst ensuring due respect for the environment. More
- Technical assistance
- Territorial Cohesion
- Trans-European Networks (TENs)
- Transnational cooperation
- Transport
- Technical assistance
Technical assistance is available to help stakeholders implement Commission-funded programmes and projects. Under the European Union's Cohesion Policy such financial support can be used to pay for preparation, management, evaluation, monitoring, audit and control. More
- Territorial Cohesion
Strengthening economic and social cohesion by reducing disparities between regions in the EU is a clear objective of the EU. The Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007 and currently in the process of ratification, introduces a third dimension: Territorial Cohesion. More
- Trans-European Networks (TENs)
Trans-European Networks consist of cross-border transport, energy and telecommunications infrastructures and are referred to in Articles 170, 171 and 172 of the Consolidated version 2008 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Their purpose is to support and enhance the functioning of the European single market by facilitating the free movement of goods, people and services. Actions under the TENs must promote the interoperability of national networks and facilitate access to them. More
- Transnational cooperation
Transnational cooperation encourages highly integrated partnerships impacting beyond national boundaries in a transnational cooperation area. Such partnerships span and represent different levels of government and administration, embracing both public and private-sector bodies and different policy areas. More
- Transport
The EU has created a legal framework in the transport sector aimed at facilitating the free movement of persons and goods across the Union. According to the EC Treaty, the measures put in place within this framework include: More
- URBACT - Urban Development network programme
The URBACT II network is financed by the Commission under its Territorial Cooperation Objective and will run from 2007 to 2013. The aim of the network is to stimulate innovation in urban regeneration by encouraging towns and cities to identify, transfer and disseminate good practice. More
- Urban development
Urban development aims to promote sustainable investment, growth and jobs in Europe's urban areas. During 2007-13 the former URBAN programme will no longer exist as a separate initiative and will be integrated into the regional programmes. The new Cohesion Policy regulations provide instruments for strengthening the urban dimension within the new generation of programmes. These instruments highlight the need to involve local and regional authorities in their planning and implementation. The Community Strategic Guidelines on Cohesion outline major types of action specific to urban areas which can benefit from EU regional funds. More


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Actor Anushka Sharma on her thinspired' avatar and why she won't settle for anyone who doesn't match her wavelength
She's got it all sorted out - her love for fashion that extends into her career, her camaraderie with co-stars and admits she's is not apologetic about anything. Anushka Sharma has been to Ahmedabad many times before, but feels that the promotional trips are so quick that she never has any opportunity to explore any city. She discusses all this and more in an interview with TOI. Excerpts from an interview:Stay updated on the go with Times of India News App. Click here to download it for your device.
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Compojure Demystified with an example – Part 1
In this part, I am going to talk about what application we are going to implement.
Lets build a simple address book web application using compojure. This will be a RESTFUL application. As we go through this example we will see some interesting aspects of compojure.
- Add / Edit / Delete Address book
- View All Addresses
- View a single Address
- Name
- Street1
- Street2
- City
- Country
- ZipCode
REST interfaces we will implement
- View All Addresses – GET – http://localhost:8080/addresses
- View single address – GET – http://localhost:8080/addresses/:id
- Add Address – POST – http://localhost:8080/addresses
- Edit Address – PUT – http://localhost:8080/addresses/:id
- Delete Address – DELETE – http://localhost:8080/addresses/:id
Next part 2 we will setup our base project with compojure.
One Response
I am looking
g at your project. It looks interesting. I downloaded part 1 and ran lein deps.
How do i run it to see what it is doing.?
I am trying to learn Clojure.


text:
- Vicente Pérez Rosales (1807–1886)
- California
- 34
Vicente Pérez Rosales (1807–1886) tries mining in California but ultimately returns to Chile, where he is elected to high office.
When Vicente Pérez Rosales learned of the discovery of gold in California, he knew he wanted to try his luck there. Pérez Rosales was born 1807 in Santiago, Chile, and raised in a prosperous family with vast landholdings and many servants. He even studied in Paris as a young man. By 1830, however, the Pérez Rosales family had lost its land and its social standing. Young Vicente, accustomed to a life of privilege, was now compelled to make his own way in the world.
Reports indicate that Pérez Rosales resorted to a variety of activities to support himself, from small-scale gold mining to smuggling cattle. But learning of gold in California, he quickly organized a small group that included his brothers and a few servants. Pérez Rosales and his party were among the 3,000 or more Chileans who received passports to travel to California in late 1848 and early 1849.
After a near-shipwreck, Pérez Rosales and his party arrived safely in San Francisco in mid-February 1849. The group immediately sought passage to Sutter's Fort and then to Coloma, where they began mining for gold. Partly because he had experience in mining and partly because he had indentured servants working for him, Pérez Rosales was able to gather as much as 20 ounces of gold a day.
In April 1849 Pérez Rosales departed to San Francisco for mail and supplies, leaving his compatriots at the diggings. While in San Francisco, a group of white miners attacked his party and other foreigners and stole their money. In his memoir, published 30 years later, he mused on the origins of the conflict between Chileans and "Yankees":
"The ill will of the Yankee rabble against the sons of other nations, and especially Chileans, was rising by that time [ca. 1850]. They offered a simple and conclusive argument: Chileans were descended from Spaniards; Spaniards were of Moorish ancestry; therefore a Chilean was at the best something like a Hottentot, or, to put it more gently, something like the humbled bug dangerous Californio. They could not stomach the fearlessness of the Chilean, who might be submissive in his own country but did not behave that way abroad. A Chilean would face up to a loaded pistol at his chest if he had his hand on the haft of his knife.
For his part, the Chilean detested the Yankee and constantly referred to him as a coward. This mutual bad feeling explains the bloody hostilities and atrocities we witnessed every day in this land of gold and hope."
Also during his visit to the city, he realized that those making a real fortune were not the miners, but the businessmen who provided goods and services to the miners.
He returned to the diggings only to discover that members of his party had lost their gold and other property to thieves. In response to this, the Chileans regrouped, returned to San Francisco and resolved to establish a business. Within weeks, the group opened the Citizens' Restaurant, featuring a French chef.
Struggling to make a success of his new endeavor, Pérez Rosales was forced to abandon the hierarchy of his party and work alongside his servants. He wrote, "We were, at one and the same time, the masters and the servants of the restaurant." The venture did not last long, however, for the restaurant was destroyed in one of the many fires that ripped through the city of San Francisco during 1849 and 1850.
Pérez Rosales then returned to Chile, where he found success as a writer and political leader. After his death, one of his country's greatest national parks was named in his honor.


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INDONESIA STEAM COAL Aug 26, 2011 Dear Customers, Our coal commodity origin of Sumatera, Southern & Eastern Borneo ( Kalimantan.The Company is focusing the business only in FOB Mother Vessel for any local and global purchasing. The Company' s core business are in Mining & Trading..... PT NIAGA LINTAS BUANA - INDONESIA TRADING HOUSE [Indonesia] 4 Matching Results Huangpu to Indonesia OF AUG. Aug 04, 2011 1.to Jakarta(UTC 1, 3) : USD330/ 550/ 550 + EBS USD100/ 200 + THC + DOC + SEAL 1- Huangpu Feeder CLS daily 2-HongKong Mother Vessel CLS every Wed.(1), Tue./ Thur./ Sat.(3) ETA: 5--6 days 2. to Surabaya : USD330/ 580/ 580 + EBS USD100/ 200 + THC +..... GZ AEGEAN INT'L LOGISTICS CO., LTD [China] Cummins marine engine (Cummins NTA855 M) Jun 20, 2011 Cummins engine for marine (Cummins NTA855 M) Cummins NTA855 M is applied for Fishing boat, Tug boat, Steel vessel, etc. Cummins NTA855 M is very popular in medium vessel market, like Singapore, Malasiya, Indonesia, Croatia, Russia, South..... 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Satu Bintang [Indonesia] Nickel Ore in Bulk Jul 15, 2010 Nickel Ore 1.8 Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Price USD28-30/ MT. SiO2 39, Fe 16, MgO 19, Co 0.033, CaO 0.82, Moisture 105C. Gross samples were drawn by Indonesian's representatives during loading to the vessel were prepared and analyzed according to..... PT.Jamrud Samudera Mandiri [Indonesia] 2 Matching Results Landing Craft For Sale Jun 23, 2010 HEAVYLOAD SINGAPORE VESSEL SPEC. LCT 300 TON SHIP'S PARTICULARS Place/ Year Built: BRAND NEW Flag: INDONESIA Classification: BKI STANDARD Machinery & Equipment Main Engine: 2 x 250 Nissan RD series (Recon) Speed: 8 knots free running..... Heavy Load Singapore Pte Ltd. [Singapore] coal Jun 19, 2010 we sell coal from south borneo, indonesia.fob Mother Vessel payment L/ c Transferable, price gvc adb 6300-6100 =$ 70 , 5800-5600 =$61 , 5500-5300 = $ 48, 5300-5100 = $ 42, if u interest send u spec = makmurjaya81 at yahoo dot com MAKMUR JAYA [Indonesia] steam coal from indonesia Mar 24, 2010 My miner have many grade of steam coal to offer. Only end buyers please. FOB Mother Vessel LC 100% at sight GCV 6300 - GCV 6100 kcal/ kg FOB MV US $ 65 GCV 5500 - GCV 5300 kcal/ kg FOB MV US $ 42 Please let me know what grades you..... Zd International Investment [United States] coal Mar 16, 2010 Our company sells coal with calories as follows: 1.GCV 63-61 TM 12-14 FOB Mother Vessel 2.GCV 58-56 TM 26-28 FOB Mother Vessel 3.GCV 55-53 TM 31-35 FOB Mother Vessel 4.GCV 53-51 TM 36 FOB Mother Vessel Origin South Kalimantan Indonesia...... CV.ChemacoMitra Tekni [Indonesia] TUG BOAT INDONESIA and barge Mar 05, 2010 Shipbuilding services, MARKETING AGENT OF KAPAL INDONESIA , OUR shipyard has production capacity about 10 TUG BOAT and 15 LCT (Landing Craft Tank) a year with 800-1500 ton LCT capacity. And produce several kind of vessels by order. Not only the..... CHEAPEST INDONESIA FURNITURE [Indonesia] scrap ship Dec 01, 2009 dear all we have a vessel for sale by soon! location :INDONESIA negotiable price contact :mobile:62-813-8428-0455, henry(_)messy(at)yahoo(dot)com thanks regards Henry [Indonesia] Tug Boat 2400 HP Nov 04, 2009 Flag : Indonesia Type of Vessel : Steel Tug Boat Classification : BKI Port of Registry : Samarinda Keel Laid : 18 October 2008 Date of Launching : 20 June 2009 Place of Built : Samarinda Length Overall : 30.10 mtrs Registered Breadth : 8.60 mtrs..... Zeus Marine PTE LTD [Singapore] Selling Steam Coal Origin Indonesia Sep 01, 2009 We can supply Steam Coal with various specs from GCV 5000 up to 7500kcal. Origin East and South Kalimantan. Supply term FOB barge or FOB vessel. Qtty 30.000MT/ month Pls send your inquiry to: h.salusu(at)yahoo.co.id Hakisu Mining [Indonesia] Coal Jun 20, 2009 We HAVE COAL MINING IN EAST KALIMANTAN INDONESIA, WE CAN SUPPLY 60.000 MT / MONTH - 120.000 MT / MONTH IN ALL CALORI WITH BEST FOB VESSEL PRICE, PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT US AT ANYTIME WHEN YOU NEED TO : SURYA TELP : 62 21 71472431 MOBILE :..... Zee Creations [Indonesia] Coal - High GCV Apr 17, 2009 Available: - Coal from Indonesia Quantity: - 40, 000 Metric Tonnes per month Contract Period: - 12 months Validity of Offer: - up to 31st May 2009 Price: - USD$67/ - per Metric Tonne, FOB, Mother Vessel, Indonesia Payment:- Irrevocale, ..... Agate Consulting Pte Ltd [Singapore]
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Tournaments :: news
Walmart Bass Fishing League - Mississippi
ROSS BARNETT (April 20, 2002)
Bridges wins Wal-Mart BFL Mississippi Division tourney
BRANDON, Miss. — Robert Bridges of Brandon, Miss., topped 122 Wal-Mart Bass Fishing League competitors Saturday on Ross Barnett Reservoir with five bass weighing 17 pounds, 1 ounce. The catch earned him $3,504 and 200 points in the Boater Division.
Bridges, who also earned a $1,000 bonus from Ranger as the highest finishing participant in the Ranger Cup incentive program, caught his limit on a spinner bait while fishing grass in about 2 feet of water. The catch topped second-place boater Shan Schoenrock of Carrollton, Ala., by 1 pound. Schoenrock finished the one-day tournament with a five-bass catch weighing 16 pounds, 1 ounce worth $1,752.
Jason Frederick of Booneville, Miss. (four bass, 14 pounds, 10 ounces, $1,051); Will Dupler of Columbus, Miss. (five bass, 13 pounds, 10 ounces, $841); and Tommy McKnight of Kosciusko, Miss., (four bass, 13 pounds, 1 ounce, $771) rounded out the top five boaters.
Rick Pullen of Woodland, Miss., earned boater big bass honors and $610 with a 6-pound, 8-ounce bass. He finished in 27th place overall with two bass weighing 8 pounds, 9 ounces.
Daniel White of Jackson, Miss., claimed first place and $1,723 in the 120-competitor Co-angler Division with five bass weighing 15 pounds, 3 ounces. He surpassed second-place co-angler Steve Duty of Collins, Miss., by 4 pounds, 11 ounces thanks to a 3/8-ounce white and chartreuse spinner bait he was fishing in shallow grass. Duty finished with a five-bass catch weighing 10 pounds, 8 ounces worth $862.
Jay Rogers of Memphis, Tenn. (four bass, 9 pounds, 1 ounce, $517); David Sims of Brandon, Miss. (four bass, 8 pounds, 6 ounces, $414); and Robbin Morris of West Point, Miss., (two bass, 7 pounds, 3 ounces, $379) rounded out the top five co-anglers.
Co-angler John Blythe of Memphis, Tenn., earned big bass honors and $300 in his division with a 5-pound, 12-ounce bass. He finished seventh overall with two bass weighing 6 pounds, 7 ounces.
Overall, 15 five-bass limits were caught during the tournament.
The Wal-Mart BFL will visit Grenada Lake May 11 for the third of five Mississippi Division events. The boater with the most points after the division's season finale, a two-day Super Tournament Sept. 21-22 on Columbus Lake, will be declared the Yamaha "Be the Best" Points Leader and awarded $1,000. The co-angler amassing the most points by the end of the season will receive $500.
The top 30 Mississippi Division boaters and co-anglers will advance to regional competition Oct. 22-26 on the Pearl River near Slidell, La., where they will go up against top competitors from the Arkie, Bama and Cowboy divisions for a shot at qualifying for the Wal-Mart BFL All-American — one of the most lucrative post-season tournaments in competitive angling.
2002 BFL awards could reach $7 million based on full fields.


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Revised Standard Version (RSV) | New International Version (NIV) |
1 Then Samuel took a vial of oil and poured it on his head, and kissed him and said, "Has not the LORD anointed you to be prince over his people Israel? And you shall reign over the people of the LORD and you will save them from the hand of their enemies round about. And this shall be the sign to you that the LORD has anointed you to be prince over his heritage. | 1 Then Samuel took a flask of oil and poured it on Saul's head and kissed him, saying, "Has not the LORD anointed you leader over his inheritance? |
2 When you depart from me today you will meet two men by Rachel's tomb in the territory of Benjamin at Zelzah, and they will say to you, 'The asses which you went to seek are found, and now your father has ceased to care about the asses and is anxious about you, saying, "What shall I do about my son?"' | 2 When you leave me today, you will meet two men near Rachel's tomb, at Zelzah on the border of Benjamin. They will say to you, 'The donkeys you set out to look for have been found. And now your father has stopped thinking about them and is worried about you. He is asking, "What shall I do about my son?" ' |
3 Then you shall go on from there further and come to the oak of Tabor; three men going up to God at Bethel will meet you there, one carrying three kids, another carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a skin of wine. | 3 "Then you will go on from there until you reach the great tree of Tabor. Three men going up to God at Bethel will meet you there. One will be carrying three young goats, another three loaves of bread, and another a skin of wine. |
4 And they will greet you and give you two loaves of bread, which you shall accept from their hand. | 4 They will greet you and offer you two loaves of bread, which you will accept from them. |
5 After that you shall come to Gib'e-ath-elo'him, where there is a garrison of the Philistines; and there, as you come to the city, you will meet a band of prophets coming down from the high place with harp, tambourine, flute, and lyre before them, prophesying. | 5 "After that you will go to Gibeah of God, where there is a Philistine outpost. As you approach the town, you will meet a procession of prophets coming down from the high place with lyres, tambourines, flutes and harps being played before them, and they will be prophesying. |
6 Then the spirit of the LORD will come mightily upon you, and you shall prophesy with them and be turned into another man. | 6 The Spirit of the LORD will come upon you in power, and you will prophesy with them; and you will be changed into a different person. |
7 Now when these signs meet you, do whatever your hand finds to do, for God is with you. | 7 Once these signs are fulfilled, do whatever your hand finds to do, for God is with you. |
8 And you shall go down before me to Gilgal; and behold, I am coming to you to offer burnt offerings and to sacrifice peace offerings. Seven days you shall wait, until I come to you and show you what you shall do." | 8 "Go down ahead of me to Gilgal. I will surely come down to you to sacrifice burnt offerings and fellowship offerings, but you must wait seven days until I come to you and tell you what you are to do." |
9 When he turned his back to leave Samuel, God gave him another heart; and all these signs came to pass that day. | 9 As Saul turned to leave Samuel, God changed Saul's heart, and all these signs were fulfilled that day. |
10 When they came to Gib'e-ah, behold, a band of prophets met him; and the spirit of God came mightily upon him, and he prophesied among them. | 10 When they arrived at Gibeah, a procession of prophets met him; the Spirit of God came upon him in power, and he joined in their prophesying. |
11 And when all who knew him before saw how he prophesied with the prophets, the people said to one another, "What has come over the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets?" | 11 When all those who had formerly known him saw him prophesying with the prophets, they asked each other, "What is this that has happened to the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets?" |
Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1952 [2nd edition, 1971] by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. (Revised Standard Version - Holy Bible) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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Thu, Dec 6, 12 at 17:56
Help! I need to make a decision immediately between these two range hoods -- Broan 36" E6436SS 600 CFM v. Proline PLJW 121.36 900 CFM. Either one will go over a 36" Bluestar RCS (with 15K burners). Designs seem almost identical; I need the low profile (10" height) that both of these offer. Broan is more expensive, with lower CFM. Any thoughts? Thanks so much! |
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A South Korean soldier removes a barricade as children march on the... Fotografia de notícias 1642175162013 North Korean Crisis,Barricada,Campanha,Coreia,Coreia do Norte,Coreia do Sul,Corrente,Criança,Crise,Divided,Estrada,Floresta,Fronteira,Horizontal,Paju,Paz,Política,Ponto,Protesto,Remover,Soldado,Tensão,Tropa,Zona DesmilitarizadaPhotographer JUNG YEON-JECollection: AFP 2013 AFPA South Korean soldier removes a barricade as children march on the road linked to North Korea at a military check point in Paju near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) dividing the two Koreas on March 21, 2013 during a campaign for a peace forest on the tense inter-Korean border. Sixteen-year-old Korean-American Jonathan Lee, an environmental and peace activist, spearheaded this campaign and wanted the international community to agree to have children from both sides meet and create a Children's Peace Park in the DMZ. AFP PHOTO / JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images)


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InterestsProgramming, travelling, festivaling <<Real word?
Makes me happywhile(1){x=1}
Makes me sadIgnorant idiots.
Perfect PartnerFound her.
Bad habitsStack overflow.
CigarettesI don't smoke
AlcoholI like to get drunk
HairBlack hair?
Body TypeMedium Build Slightly Hairy
TV ShowToo many.
Night Club / BarI am a duck. Duck + Bars = Not good!
AnimalsLlama the duck obviously!! And penguins & rabbits
PlaceParks. :)
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BANGALORE: This is not the first time that number of Karnataka ministers has dwindled.
In 1989, when Veerendra Patil brought the Congress back to power by winning a record 179 seats, he ignored the high command's suggestion to expand the cabinet to its full capacity.
Patil had only 13 ministers, though there was then no restriction on the size of a ministry. The rule that the number of ministers should not cross 15% of the assembly strength came into existence later, restricting the number of ministers in Karnataka to 34.
"One needs work culture to discharge duties as a chief minister," says C S Nadagowda, Congress chief whip in the assembly and a member of the assembly in 1989.
Veerendra Patil, Nadagowda says, strictly adhered to his work schedule. He would clear files between 6pm and 9pm at his residence. "Not even a single file remained pending. He used to carry files with him when he travelled by train." Even in the morning, Patil would devote two hours to clearing files before going to Vidhana Soudha.
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When it comes to high tech, downsizing is often looked at as a sign of progress. Microprocessors meant whole computers, for the first time, could fit on a desktop. LCD displays made them portable - in the form of laptops. Moore's law proved that chips that once would have been classified as capable of enterprise-level computing now occupy devices that easily fit in your pocket. And advanced lithium-ion batteries meant you could finally take yourself off the AC teat for an appreciable amount of time, and you could charge your gadgets over and over without worrying about the ridiculous cycling fatigue that plagued earlier rechargeable systems.
If you're a rooted user, chances are that you flash new ROMs fairly often. What you may not know, however, is that your phone saves the battery statistics from old ROMs, and if you've never recalibrated your battery before, then your time away from the charger may not be as good as it could be.
This is for rooted users only.
Resetting battery stats can be an intimidating task for those who don't spend a lot of time in recovery (or who have never even booted into recovery).


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Blog | Comments |
WoW | 1 Comment |
Recent Comments:
[Updated] No Wolpertinger and Pink Elekk quests for Europe {WoW}
Sep 22nd 2009 4:42PM 1. Definitely not the Netherlands ;)
2. I totally get Germans banning shooting on people ;)
3. Might be the English, seeing as how they got a lot of bingedrinkers irl. Now they get them in-game too ;)
4. Can't be the French either, though... It isn't a wine festival, it's a beerthing, so who knows ;)
I'm not prejudiced. No sir :)


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Retains many exposed beams with a pleasant airy atmosphere. In 1544 two earlier cottages were replaced by present structure, then known as Hatfield House. It opened as a pub in 1620.
A fire in 1781 destroyed a brew-house, stable, granery, old parlour and bed chambers. The pub was then closed for 10 years.
listed building grade II
Local licensing authority for Needham Market is Mid Suffolk
last updated 30/01/2015
(Most pub, location & historic details collated by Nigel, Tony or Keith - original sources are credited)
(1891 census information from Dudley Diaper)
(information from book "Needham Market Pubs" by Desmond and Shelagh Herring)
(some old PO directory information courtesy of londonpublichouse.com)
(** historic newspaper information from Stuart Ansell)
(*** historic newspaper information from Bob Mitchell)


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German military hospital built between 1890 and 1914
Taken by oliviermenard with a Yashica Mat 124 G loaded with Fuji Velvia 120 100 iso film in Sarrebourg, France. Date: 2012-12. This photo can also be found in the album ABANDONED MILITARY HOSPITAL IN VELVIA.Please login to get more out of this site
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1 comment
really nice!


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About | Projects | Docs | Forums | Lists | Bugs | Get Gentoo! | Support | Planet | Wiki
On Mon, Oct 10, 2011 at 11:52 PM, Jim Faulkner <jfaulkne@...> wrote: > On Sun, Oct 09, 2011 at 02:43:58PM -0400, Matt Turner wrote: >> > sys-apps/baselayout-2.1 tells me I need to merge my /lib32 dir into /lib. >> >> I'll update those profiles. emerge --sync in an hour or two and let me >> know if the problem goes away. > > I do have a multilib n32 system. I waited ~24 hours, but baselayout is > still telling me to merge /lib32 into /lib. I've attached my emerge > --info and the output of emerge baselayout. Ah, I see the problem now. Thanks for the logs. The problem is that the baselayout ebuild thinks that lib and lib32 must never exist. This is true on other platforms, but these two folders can exist together on mips. I'll file a bug report in a day or so if you don't beat me to it. :) Thanks, Matt
Updated Jun 25, 2012
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Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W650 16.1 MP Digital Camera with 5x Optical Zoom and 3.0-Inch LCD (Black) (2012 Model)
The Sony Cyber-Shot DSC-W650 Digital Camera (Black) is ready for anything–its 16.1MP resolution guarantees excellent image quality and the sharp Carl Zeiss 5x wide-angle optical 25-125mm (equivalent in 35mm format) lens gives you a true wide-angle-to-telephoto range that's great for landscapes, parties, kids, portraits, etc. This little gem will always be there when you're ready to take a picture–it only weighs 3.8 oz (107.7 g) and fits in a shirt pocket (3.75 x 2.25 x 0.75″).The 3″ LCD monitor makes it easy to compose and view photographs, or the superb 1280 x 720 HD video. A Sweep Panorama mode makes it a snap to produce a truly impressive ultra wide-angle 360Deg. panoramic photo, even without a tripod and SteadyShot image stabilization plus sensitivity up to 3200 ISO means you can wave good-bye to blurry pictures, even in dim lighting situations.Friends and family will love the way they look in your photos when you're using the Smile Shutter (captures a smile the moment it appears on your subject's face), Anti-Blink (waits until eyes are open to take the picture) and Soft Skin (removes blemishes and wrinkles from faces in your pictures) modes. And, best of all, the W650 will do it all automatically–just press the shutter button in iAuto mode. Great pictures and videos, no stress or strain for you.
Whats In The Box:
- Battery (NP-BN)
- Battery Charger
- Multi USB Cable
- Wrist Strap
- Instruction Manual
Overall Rating: List Price: In Stock. |
Click Here to buy Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W650 16.1 MP Digital Camera with 5x Optical Zoom and 3.0-Inch LCD (Black) (2012 Model) |
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Mail :
Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery Plymouth City Council Plymouth PL1 2AA |
01752 304774 | |
firstname.lastname@example.com | |
Fax :
01752 304775 |
- Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery
Drake Circus
Plymouth PL4 8AJ
Smeaton's Tower Google Map
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- Department for Culture, Media and Sport
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- The Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals
- We are not responsible for the content of linked websites. Visit our disclaimer page for more information.
Smeaton's Tower
Opening dates and times
Open every Saturday until 31 January 2015
- 10am to 4pm each Saturday
- Last entries 30 minutes before closing
Tuesday 3 February to Saturday 28 March 2015
- 10am to 4pm Tuesday to Saturday
- Last entries 30 minutes before closing
- Closed Sunday and Monday
Please note: Smeaton's Tower may be closed on certain days for civil ceremonies. Please contact us for details.
A famous Plymouth landmark
A centrepiece on Plymouth's Hoe, Smeaton's Tower has become one of the South West's most well known landmarks.
The lighthouse was originally built on the Eddystone reef in 1759 at a cost of £40,000, but was taken down in the early 1880s when it was discovered that the sea was undermining the rock it was standing on.
Approximately two thirds of the structure was moved stone by stone to its current resting place on the Hoe.
Now standing at 72 foot high, Smeaton's Tower offers fantastic views of Plymouth Sound and the city from its lantern room which, along with the rest of the building, has been painstakingly restored to its original glory.
The lighthouse is open to the public all year round (with the exception of Christmas and Good Friday). For details of current opening times, admission prices and access information see our visitor information page. For images visit our flickr site.
For a further insight into the history of the Tower and the other Eddystone lighthouses both past and present visit our Eddystone lighthouses pages.
For information about transport links visit our travel information page.
If you're considering getting married in an unusual venue, why not visit our Smeaton's Tower civil ceremonies page?


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California board takes aim at copper paint use
Posted onCopper paint is being cited as a pollutant in Marina del Rey by the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board.
The board released a report on Nov. 5 saying copper is at unsafe levels in the harbor and seeks to reduce copper discharge from boats by 85 percent during the next 11 years, according to The Log newspaper.
Copper has been the active ingredient in antifouling bottom paint for decades, but it has come under fire in recent years. States such as Washington have banned its use, favoring non-biocide and zinc alternatives.
Copper and other pollutants "affect the beneficial use" of Marina del Rey for water contact recreation, marine habitat, wildlife habitat, commercial fishing and sportfishing, and shellfish harvesting, The Log reported the board saying.
The board's report identifies Marina del Rey as an "impaired waterway" and follows up on standards put into effect by the water quality control board in the Los Angeles region in 2006.
According to the original standards for what the board considered sufficiently clean water as dictated by the Federal Clean Water Act for Marina del Rey, the harbor is identified as impaired for containing chlordane, copper, lead, zinc, PCBs, DDT and other substances.
Greg Schem, a Marina del Rey boatyard and fuel dock owner, told the publication he disputes the permissible amount of copper threshold.
"The problem is that there is quite a bit of controversy as to whether this standard is the correct one to use," Schem told The Log.
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Emergency Management
FDOT Emergency Management is a vital element of the State Emergency Response Team (SERT). Comprised of local, state and federal officials, the SERT ensures that Florida is prepared to respond to, recover from and mitigate against disasters. FDOT EM is the leading agency for two SERT emergency support functions covering transportation, public works and engineering.


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Of horse they're fake! Nosey nag nuzzles Jodie Marsh's boob
JODIE Marsh has been hinting lately that she wants a stable relationship - and it looks like now she's found it.
The 34-year-old bodybuilder has been enjoying some time with the latest stud to gallop in to her life today - he's tall, dark and handsome with a great set of teeth.


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Welcome to heloflyer's Member Page
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I am a former Marine Helicopter Pilot('83-'90) who enjoys renovating my home and competing for the greenest lawn on the block.
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