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FORT MILL, S.C. — The Pawtucket Red Sox have taken the wildcard route all the way to the International League Governors' Cup.
The PawSox made the most of seven hits and Pawtucket pitchers, led by starter Nelson Figueroa, scattered seven Charlotte hits to take a 4-1 victory at Knights Stadium.
Players showered each other with beer and champagne in a raucous post-game celebration of the first I.L. championship for the PawSox since 1984. It was also the first sweep of a playoff series in Pawtucket history.
"We're just a team that got hot at the right time," Pawtucket manager Arnie Beyeler said. "Different guys showed up and did something big in each game down the stretch. We let everybody play, and they all produced. It's great to see them win it all."
The PawSox will play the Pacific Coast League champion (Reno and Omaha were tied 1-1 in their series going into Thursday's play) in the Triple-A National Championship game in Durham, which is at 7 p.m. on Tuesday at Durham Athletic Park.
"That's the icing on the cake," Beyeler said. "The goal all along was to win the league (I.L.). This will be a fun, All-Star kind of thing. They deserve to be playing in the last game of the season."
The PawSox cut off a Charlotte scoring opportunity in the first inning. Greg Golson doubled to left center with two out — the Knights' only extra-base hit — and Seth Loman followed with a single to left. But J.C. Linares' throw home erased Golson and ended the inning.
For the first six innings, Figueroa and Charlotte starter Scott Carroll took turns pitching out of trouble. Figueroa struck out five and didn't walk anybody in his second effective outing of the postseason. The 38-year-old veteran was the winning pitcher in a 7-1 victory over Scranton/Wilkes-Barre in the semifinal playoff series last weekend.
"Figgy did a great job. We milked him the last time out — eight innings and more than 100 pitches," Beyeler said. "So he might not have had his best stuff tonight, but he made a lot of big pitches."
Big hits and big defensive plays also went the PawSox' way, starting with a rally-squelching play from the outfield in the first inning. Charlotte's Greg Golson doubled to left center with two out — the Knights' only extra-base hit — and Seth Loman followed with a single to left. But J.C. Linares' throw home erased Golson and ended the inning.
In the Pawtucket second, Danny Valencia led off with a single through the hole. One out later, Andy LaRoche doubled to left field, sending Valencia to third. Mike Rivera singled, scoring Valencia and moving LaRoche to third. After Ryan Dent walked, Che-Hsuan Lin lofted a sacrifice fly to right, scoring LaRoche.
Pawtucket loaded the bases with two out in the fourth. LaRoche was hit by a pitch with one out, Rivera singled, and one out later, Lin singled. But Carroll threw out Jeremy Hazelbaker on a come-backer to the mound to end the inning.
The Knights trimmed the PawSox lead to 2-1 in the fifth. Jared Mitchell singled, stole second and scored on Carlos Sanchez' single to right.
But Pawtucket made it 4-1 with a two-run seventh. Lin reached on a throwing error by Charlotte shortstop Sanchez with one out and scored when Hazelbaker tripled into the right-field corner. Tony Thomas singled to drive in Hazelbaker.
"It was a different kind of series than the first one, where the first team to score lost," Beyeler said. "We had to get some runs. It took us a couple of innings, but we responded after they scored on us."
PawSox relief pitchers Will Inman, Jose de la Torre and Josh Fields each pitched a hitless, scoreless inning of relief to nail down the victory. Fields earned his first save of the playoffs.
The Knights advanced only two runners past first base in the last four innings. They had runners on first and third with no outs in the sixth after a single by Garcia and a throwing error by Pawtucket's Valencia on a ground ball by Golson.
"That sixth inning was probably the key to the game," Beyeler said. "Then the bullpen came in and pitched lights out."


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Our home is a single story home and needs gutters. We have one estimate for $1450 which is for 226 LF of aluminum seamless gutters with 2 down spouts in the front, 2 in the back and one on the side. Does this seem reasonable? |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by prairiemoon2 (My Page) on Mon, Apr 13, 09 at 15:37
Hi, We are trying to get our gutters replaced also. We have had two people out to price gutters. We live in a small cape, so I don't know how that compares, but one estimate is for gutters with leaf guards and heating cable for ice dam prevention and was $2200. We are still trying to decide whether we even want leaf guards or electric cable. pm2 |
Hi Prairiemoon2. Well we had Leafguard out. We were impressed with them, their price is $5400! It is a much better product, e.g.higher grade metal, and larger spouts; the rep showed us the different comparables and it was striking. This was much more than what we expected so we will ultimately purchase these but we will have to save some money first! |
I just got gutters put on my house. approx 90LF 1 downspout, we reused the others. cost $260. approx $2.30 a LF for everything. gutter guards and heat etc cost a lot, if you're not particularly concerned, plain old gutters are cheap. |
Joan, that first estimate is pretty much in line, depending on installer's reputation and warranty. I just got an estimate on a comparable single-story in FL, 6" seamless aluminum, reputable firm: Rear: 2 straight sections, 64 LFeet, 3 downspouts = $329 Front: 55 LFt., 3 right angles, 2 downspouts = $287 (if done at same time) Sides: None--gabled ends. They are REAL EAGER for the work right now! NEGOTIATE! But $5400!!!?? I think Mr. Snake Oil salesman hypnotized you, LOL! For THAT kind of $$, someone better be showing up to prepare meals, and provide other "services" as well! ;') |
I need gutter also. But I also need the soffet done too. I called Gutter guys anyone use them? |
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Both are made with whole wheat flour, so what is the big difference between roti and paratha? Well, try this simple Paratha recipe to experience the difference. Although made with pretty much the same ingredients, the style of rolling, the method of cooking and the medium of cooking (with or without oil) vary, creating a world of difference in everything from the flavour to the texture.
Preparation Time: 5 minsCooking Time: 15 mins Makes 6 parathas Show me for parathas
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Yukon Waterproof Night Vision NVMT 3 x 42 Sea Wolf Monocular
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YukonTM Waterproof Night Vision NVMT 3 x 42 mm Sea Wolf Monocular has Superman vision.
Seeing in the dark may seem superhuman... but with this night scope, it seems completely natural. I believe lead was the only material that Superman couldn't penetrate with his steely vision. The dark was no problem for him. It's different for us Earth-born folk. We need a little help and it comes in the form of Yukon's expert technology. The 3 x 42 Monocular is made for open field or long-distance viewing. For our more adventurous friends, it's the perfect viewing device for sea to jungle.
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As Tropical Storm soon-to-be Hurricane Isaac takes aim at New Orleans on the seven-year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina, I'd like to remind you that the GOP tried to cut $1.2 billion from NOAA's budget last year which would have eroded the agency's ability to accurately track hurricanes.
And yes, if Isaac remains on its current path, it will hit New Orleans on the morning of August 29th. Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the morning August 29th.


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Amelia Freidline, Fresh Take"So, Amelia," a friend said as she sat next to me at a dinner gathering. "Does your paper cover organic food at all?"
"We cover conventional and organic produce, yes," I replied, wondering what kind of question was going to come next.
My friend is a 20-something mom with three little girls. Like a lot of other young moms we're friends with, she's interested in serving her family healthy, minimally processed "natural" foods.
This often leads into the iffy territory of Monsanto-bashing conspiracy theories about genetically modified crops, though, so we'd had few conversations on produce. But her follow-up question was open-ended.
"What do you think about organics?"
So I told her about the Watsonville, Calif.-based Alliance for Food and Farming's research into pesticide residues on conventional crops. I explained conventional growing methods versus organic methods versus greenhouse production.
I said I prefer to buy organic bananas, raspberries and blueberries because I prefer the way they taste, but I rarely can tell a difference between conventional and organic produce on other items.
In the end I told her I thought she should probably worry more about meat than produce, if she was going to worry — and she agreed, saying her recent research had led her to that conclusion as well.
Consensus reached (but neither of us mentioned Monsanto).
Here's the point of this extended anecdote: We talk a lot about the need for greater consumer education on food safety, growing practices, GMOs, nutrition and a host of other issues.
What are you doing to educate the consumers in your life?
As someone active in the thick of the produce industry all day, every day, you have valuable knowledge and insights into industry issues that can help right misconceptions or allay the fears of those who don't know how the business works.
Take the recent outbreak of cyclospora in bagged lettuce. The contaminated product shipped in June, but the story stayed in the news cycle as more cases of illness were confirmed and as officials tracked the outbreak to its source.
Before a recent grocery run, I mentioned I was going to pick up some salad ingredients. "Don't get any of the bagged salad," my mom cautioned. "It's got that disease again."


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- The original band members were Ron Wilson (drums), Jim Fuller (Lead guitar), Bob Berryhill (rhythm guitar) and Pat Connolly (bass). Saxophone player Jim Pash joined after their "Wipe Out" / "Surfer Joe" recording sessions at Pal Studios. Ken Forssi, later of Love, played bass with The Surfaris, as well as Jack Oldham, who performed with the group from 1966-1967, including a performance at the 1967 Grammy Awards.
- Wilson's energetic drum solo made "Wipe Out" one of the best-remembered instrumental song of the period. "Wipe Out" is also remembered particularly for its introduction before the music starts, a cracking sound (imitating a breaking surf board), and a maniacal laugh followed by the only two words of the song, "wipe out". "Wipe Out" is often regarded as being the surfing anthem. "Wipe Out" was written in the studio by the four original members (Berryhill, Connolly, Fuller, Wilson), and was originally going to be titled "Switchblade".
- The band released a series of records, with two other singles, "Surfer Joe" and "Point Panic", having an impact on the charts. Point Panic is a renowned surfing venue in Hawaii named after the song.
- The Surfaris disbanded in 1966 but have periodically reunited and are still active as of 2008, performing and recording, often re-recording their old and new songs. They still perform as Bob Berryhill's Surfaris and Jim Fuller's Surfaris (two separate groups) all over United States and Europe with a large fan base.
- Following the death of television personality Morton Downey, Jr., news reports and obituaries incorrectly credited him as the composer of "Wipe Out" (as well as The Chantays' "Pipeline"). As of 2006, Downey's official website continues to make this claim.
- Drummer Ron Wilson died on 7 May 1989, one month short of his 44th birthday. Wilson had released an album of his songs, entitled Lost It In The Surf, on Bennet House Records of Grass Valley, California, which was recorded in June 1987. A very small number of cassettes of this album were produced. Lost It In The Surf included a cover of "Louie Louie", complete with Scottish bagpipes.
- "Wipe Out" was featured in the film, Dirty Dancing.
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Company Overview of John and Mary R Markle Foundation
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My sweetheart Hoya is not looking so good. The disease appears to be moving upwards from the roots since the top of the plant looks fine. The leaves will spot then turn yellow and fall off. I've owned this plant for a couple years and have not repotted it. It is in a mix of sphagnum and bark and in a orchid pot (the kind with holes all over). I have also lost one other Hoya with completely different growth medium in a similar manner a few months ago. I don't know if it's a disease or coincidence. What do you think? |
Follow-Up Postings:
I would cut it above the bad leaves and restart it. I'm not really sure what the problem is - your climate is enough different from mine, it could be something I'm completely unfamiliar with. Although I will say that I've seen a leaf here and there that gets similar splotching or pitting. But it's usually isolated and I suspect it's more about damage than disease. I will also add that I would have a hard time growing kerrii in the mix you are using. Kerrii, for me, is a water guzzler and dries out FAST, and even in my climate, I think it would be hard to keep it watered enough. I would go to a heavier mix. I use 2 parts coir and 1 part perlite, but you could also use an all-purpose mix with either added perlite or the orchid bark. Best of luck with your kerrii. Denise in Omaha |
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Art that I love! |
Hi! I hope you like my art! My fandoms include: Sonic The Hedgehog, Kingdom Hearts, The Gorillaz, Vocaloid, Crash Bandicoot, South Park, Jet Set Radio, Regular Show, Beavis and Butt-Head, The World Ends With You, Teen Titans, The Legend Of Zelda, Megaman, Viewtiful Joe, Hetalia, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Starfox, Pokemon, Portal, Assassin's Creed, Spyro, Team Fortress 2, Left 4 Dead, Thief, Ed, Edd 'N Eddy, Homestuck, Adventure Time, Gravity Falls, The Walking Dead, God Of War, Welcome To Night Vale, Sherlock, Attack On Titan, OFF, Hannibal, Supernatural, Dragon Ball Z and Yu-Gi-Oh! Especially Season 0~~ <3 In short I like a lot of stuff~ lD Also, I absolutely love Manga and Anime! :thumb280641471: :thumb281022416: Super special awesome artists and people!: My DA Twin, she's so prawesome! My buddies~ - That one bae that loves potato knishes - "Oh man... GAH!... Waaaay too much pressure man!...." - My inspirations~ My Tumblr - rachkles.tumblr.com/ My YouTube - www.youtube.com/channel/UCD7dR… My Fanfiction.Net - www.fanfiction.net/u/3159993/r… |


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This blog post has been written jointly with Lili Fuhr of the Heinrich Boell Foundation in Berlin.
G20 Leaders are meeting June 18 to 19, in Los Cabos, Mexico, presumably to discuss ways to deal with the current economic and financial challenges, such as the Euro-zone crisis. What the heads of state and government of the most powerful 20 nations on this planet will actually concretely talk about in those two days is only known to few insiders and those segments society granted special access, such as the B20, the advocacy grouping of the business sector, because the G20 remains the least transparent and least accountable global governance process.
Climate change and sustainable development – with global leaders meeting just a few days before the Rio+20 Summit starts – should be high on their agenda. As the G20 website points out (and it is actually one of the very few pieces of information on the summit available on it): The weather in Los Cabos, one of Mexico's major tourist destinations, is "very dry, dry and semi-dry." Let's hope that this will inspire our leaders to reflect upon how they can help deal developing countries to adapt to climate change impacts by providing long term climate finance… (more…)


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I have today off work. I thought I'd put my time to good use by matching up the Tupperwear-type lids with bowls and purging the mismatched ones. Somehow I have 3x more lids than containers! I also pulled out the ones I never use to donate to a charity thrift store. Some of these bowls have been there for years without being used. I challenge you all to do it, too! |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by LuAnn_in_PA (My Page) on Mon, Jan 21, 13 at 15:40
Good for you! I don't have too many storage containers, and they have to be kept a certain way to fit the space I have them in. |
Done! I'm enjoying your challenges and have been looking forward to them. Thanks! I did this challenge just before Thanksgiving and the new system is working well. I'm slowly replacing the odd-size bowls so it will be easier to have most everything match. Still, my system now is easy-to-get-to (they are on the bottom and second shelf of a wall cabinet) and like-sized bowls are stacked on top of their lids. One of the FLYLady tips that has improved my life was "Don't keep plastic-ware in the bottom cabinets. You have to bend and reach and crawl in to find anything. It's too hard to keep them organized." That was an ahh-haa moment for me. My plastic-ware has lived on the lowest shelf of an upper cabinet ever since...going on 12 years and three houses now. If the fantasy kitchen ever comes to life, ALL the lower cabinest will be drawer cabinets. Not pull-outs; I don't want to have to open a door and then pull out a shelf. I just want drawers! |
I re-organize my lids and containers and containers about once a year. I think it's due this month... |
- Posted by cross_stitch (My Page) on Thu, Jan 24, 13 at 13:38
This is a great idea and allowed me to recycle a bunch of things we don't need. I did this last Fall and took it a step further. Located the local Tupperware dealer and gave her a list of missing parts. Within a week everything matched. |
- Posted by talley_sue_nyc (My Page) on Thu, Jan 24, 13 at 15:27
What do I do w/ the bowls that are missing their lids? (kidding--I use them) I have lids that I seldom use--I do have the bowl or the Corningware casserole. I'm going to keep those. Cross_stitch, I love that you got lids for your Tupperware! For the leftovers containers, I'm OK w/ keeping a few extra lids; we're pretty standardized. But then again, Glad has two styles going, so I ought to discuss w/ DH how we're handling that. I'll update later. |
- Posted by cross_stitch (My Page) on Thu, Jan 24, 13 at 20:09
Sort of related to this topic: How often do you need 1 or 2 Tablespoons of lemon juice or tomato paste and don't have it on hand? I reuse those small take-out containers that hold ~1/4 cup. With their snap-on lids, they are perfect for these freezing these ingredients. Five of them stack perfectly in the old Crystal Light Lemonade containers. But alas, they now make them oval. So glad I saved a few. I have one for tomato paste and the other for lemon juice in my freezer at all times. Oh, and evaporated milk, too. |
- Posted by LuAnn_in_PA (My Page) on Thu, Jan 24, 13 at 20:15
As an alternative: Tomato paste can be bought in a tube similar to toothpaste. Lemon juice can be bought in bottles, full strength. |
- Posted by cross_stitch (My Page) on Fri, Jan 25, 13 at 1:18
Copy that for the tomato paste, LuAnn. But I have a lemon tree that bears from June through December. Squeeze what we need, use the rind too, and freeze the rest until we pick another one. So it's home brew for me. |
- Posted by LuAnn_in_PA (My Page) on Fri, Jan 25, 13 at 13:05
So nice that you are able to have fresh lemons! |
- Posted by jenathegreat (My Page) on Sat, Jan 26, 13 at 15:57
This is one of the very very few areas where I excel at organizing. In my last house, the kitchen was so tiny, the storage containers had to go in a very narrow upper cabinet so we got very good at putting them away just so - because there was really only one way they would fit. To make this easier, we tossed out old mismatched stuff and bought a new set. Wow. Just having one kind of storage made things SO much easier. Fewer types of lids and much easier stacking. |
Oh, I have done that. I got rid of most of my plastics, bought a few glass pieces. Since I got rid of so much I have room to store the lids on the glass bowls and stack them. I even got rid of my large mixing bowls because I don't cook anything except breakfast on week ends. I have donated a lot to The Bethesda Gently Used Store. Except for rent and utilities it all goes to the Lutheran Charities. |
What an easy challenge. I only use deli containers (available cheaply at local bar/restaurant supply store). They come in sleeves of 50 for about $7. They're available in 1 quart, 1 pint, 1 cup sizes. The lids fit all. So much easier to organize than all those different sized containers. I have a cardboard box that exactly holds the for stacks (3 of containers, on of lids). |
I actually did some of this challenge yesterday. In addition to goodwill'ing the myriad freebie water bottles, I found mystery plasticware. They are gone, and now the things I DO use every day - like my Tervis tumblers - have a proper place to live. I will take the challenge further with storage bowls for sure. What a great idea!!! Quality of life should be considered. And although I might find a use for a lid-less bowl once a year, is it worth sacrificing storage the rest of the year to keep it? |
5 minutes. 18 lids with no bottoms. One very large, invasive, bottom with no lid. Done! Amazing what a 5 minute focus area can yield. Ok, what's February's challenge? |
Azzalea - can you put those deli containers in the freezer? I'm constantly buying new containers since I send home food all the time with my son and my brother. I'll buy new disposable containers, think they're the same size as the old ones, and then find out they're slightly different. How about February being socks or underwear? I just threw out some bras that were over 10 years old (and looked it) and I'm going thru socks as I do wash. The sock orphans are all going! |
I keep all storage containers in one deep drawer on my island. The drawer below I have two plastic baskets one for square lids and one for round lids. My system seems to work pretty well for me! |
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पटना Patna पाटलीपुत्र (Pataliputra) |
Metropolitan City | |
Anticlockwise from top: Gandhi Maidan Marg, Buddha Smriti Park, Skyline near Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna Museum, Gandhi's statue, Mithapur Over Bridge and river [Ganga]
Location of Patna in Bihar | |
Coordinates: 25°36′40″N 85°08′38″E / 25.611°N 85.144°ECoordinates: 25°36′40″N 85°08′38″E / 25.611°N 85.144°E | |
Country | India |
State | Bihar |
Region | Magadha |
Division | Patna |
District | Patna |
Ward | 72 wards |
Founded by | Kurkuri |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor–Council |
• Body | Patna Municipal Corporation |
• Mayor | Afzal Imam (JDU) |
Area(2001) [A 1] | |
• Urban | 135.79 km2 (52.43 sq mi) |
• Metro | 234.7 km2 (90.62 sq mi) |
• City | 99.45 km2 (38.40 sq mi) |
Elevation[2] | 53 m (174 ft) |
Population (2011)[3] | |
• Density | 16,925/km2 (4,670/sq mi) |
• Urban | 2,046,652 (IN: 18th) |
• Metro | 2,231,554 [A 1] |
• City | 1,683,200 (IN: 19th) |
Demonym | Patnite |
Languages | |
• Spoken | Hindi, भोजपुरी, Magadhi[4] |
Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
Telephone code | +91-612 |
ISO 3166 code | IN-BR-PA |
Vehicle registration | BR 01 |
Sex ratio | 1.13 [3] ♂/♀ |
Literacy | 85.71% |
Lok Sabha constituency | Patna Sahib and Pataliputra |
Vidhan Sabha constituency | Digha (181), Bankipur (182), Kumhrar (183), Patna Sahib (184), Fatuha (185), Danapur (186), Maner (187), Phulwari-SC (188) |
Planning agency | Patna Regional Development Authority |
Distance from Delhi | 1,043 kilometres (648 mi) NE (land) |
Distance from Kolkata | 556 kilometres (345 mi) NW (land) |
Distance from Mumbai | 1,802 kilometres (1,120 mi) NE (land) |
Climate | Cwa (Köppen) |
Precipitation | 1,100 millimetres (43 in) |
Avg. annual temperature | 26 °C (79 °F) |
Avg. summer temperature | 30 °C (86 °F) |
Avg. winter temperature | 17 °C (63 °F) |
Website | www |
Patna /ˈpʌtnə/ ( Hindi pronunciation (help·info)) is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. Patna also serves as seat of Patna High Court. The second largest city in eastern India, had an estimated population of 1,683,200 in 2011, making it the 19th largest city in India. Its urban agglomeration is the 18th largest in India, with over 2 million people.
One of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world.[5] Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta and Pala. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000.[6]
The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges.[7] The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 km long and 16 km to 18 km wide. In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India (after Delhi) for ease of starting a business.[8] As of 2010-2011, Patna had the highest per capita gross district domestic product in Bihar, at 57,843.[9] Using figures for assumed average annual growth, Patna is the 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India by the City Mayors' Foundation. Patna registered an average annual growth of 3.72% during 2006-2010.[10]
The Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain pilgrim centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya, and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna City is also a sacred city for Sikhs as the last Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, was born here.[11]
Origin of name[edit]
The name of this city has changed with time. It is one of the oldest cities of India. There are several theories regarding the source of the modern name Patna (Devanagari:पटना) :
- It is etymologically derived from Patan (Devanagari: पIतन), the name of the Hindu goddess, Patan Devi.[12]
- Patan Devi Mandir is still situated in old Patna near Gai Ghat (Mahatma Gandhi Setu Over Bridge)
- The place appears in Chinese traveller Fa Hien's records as Pa-lin-fou.[12]
- The city has been known by various names during its more than 2,000 years of existence – Pataligrama, Pataliputra, Kusumapura, Pushpapura and the present-day Patna.[13]
Legend describes the origin of Patna to a mythological King Putraka who created Patna by magic for his queen Patali, literally "trumpet flower", which gives it its ancient name Pataligrama. It is said that in honour of the queen's first-born, the city was named Pataliputra. Gram is Sanskrit for village and Putra means son. Legend also says that the Emerald Buddha was created in Patna (then Pataliputra) by Nagasena in 43 BCE.[14]
Ancient era[edit]
Patna became significant around the year 490 BCE when Ajatashatru, the king of Magadha, wanted to shift his capital from the hilly Rajagrha to a more strategically located place to combat the Licchavis of Vaishali.[15] He chose the site on the bank of the Ganges and fortified the area. Gautama Buddha passed through this place in the last year of his life. He prophesied a great future for this place, but at the same time, he predicted its ruin from flood, fire and feud.[16]
Mauryan empire[edit]
Megasthenes, the Indo-Greek historian and ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya, gave one of the earliest account of the city. He wrote that the city was situated on the confluence of the rivers Ganga and Arennovoas (Sonabhadra — Hiranyawah) and was 14 kilometres (9 mi) long and 2.82 kilometres (1.75 mi) wide.[17][18] Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to India, described the city as the greatest city on earth during its heyday.[19] The Sungas ultimately retained control of Pataliputra and ruled for almost 100 years. The Sungas were then followed by the Kanvas and eventually the Guptas.[20]
A number of Chinese travellers came to India in pursuit of knowledge and recorded their observations about Pataliputra in their travelogues, including those of a Chinese Buddhist Fa Hien, who visited India between 399 and 414 CE, and stayed here for many months translating Buddhist texts.[21]
Pataliputra as a capital of the Magadha Empire.
Pataliputra as a capital of Nanda Empire.
The Nanda Empire at its greatest extent under Dhana Nanda (c. 323 BCE). -
Pataliputra as a capital of Maurya Empire.
The Maurya Empire at its largest extent under Ashoka the Great. -
Pataliputra as a capital of Sunga Empire.
Approximate greatest extent of the Sunga Empire (c. 185 BCE). -
Pataliputra as a capital of Gupta Empire.
Approximate greatest extent of the Gupta Empire.
Gupta and Mughal empires[edit]
In the years that followed, many dynasties ruled the Indian subcontinent from the city, including those of the Gupta empire and the Pala kings. With the disintegration of the Gupta empire, Patna passed through uncertain times. Bakhtiar Khilji captured Bihar in the 12th century and destroyed many ancient seats of learning, and Patna lost its prestige as the political and cultural center of India.[22]
Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, was born as Gobind Rai in Patna to Teg Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs, and his wife Gujri. His birthplace, Patna Sahib, is one of the most sacred pilgrimages for Sikhs.[23]
The Mughal period was a period of unremarkable provincial administration from Delhi.[24] The most remarkable period during these times was under the Pashtun emperor Sher Shah Suri, who revived Patna in the middle of the 16th century. He built a fort and founded a town on the banks of the Ganges. Sher Shah's fort in Patna does not survive, although the Sher Shah Suri Masjid mosque, built in Afghan architectural style, does. Mughal emperor Akbar came to Patna in 1574 to crush the Afgha Chief Daud Khan. Akbar's navratna and state's official historian and author of "Ain-i-Akbari" Abul Fazl refers to Patna as a flourishing centre for paper, stone and glass industries. He also refers to the high quality of numerous strains of rice grown in Patna, famous as Patna rice in Europe.[25]
By 1620, the city of Patna was being described as the "chefest mart towne of all Bengala (i.e. largest town in Bengal)[15][26] in northern India, "the largest town in Bengal and the most famous for trade".[27] This was before the founding of the city of Calcutta. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb acceded to the request of his favourite grandson, Prince Muhammad Azim, to rename Patna as Azimabad, in 1704 while Azim was in Patna as the subedar. However, very little changed during this period other than the name. With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into the hands of the Nawabs of Bengal, who levied a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial centre. The mansions of the Maharaja of Tekari Raj dominated the Patna river front in 1811-12.[28]
British empire[edit]
During the 17th century, Patna became a centre of international trade.[26] In 1620, the English East India Company established a factory in Patna for trading in calico and silk. Soon this became a trading centre for saltpetre. Francois Bernier, in Travels in the Mogul Empire (1656–1668), says "...a prodigious quantity of saltpetre was imported from Patna. It was carried down the Ganges with great facility, and the Dutch and English send large cargoes to many parts of the Indies, and to Europe". This trade encouraged other Europeans, principally the French, Danes, Dutch and Portuguese, to compete in the lucrative business. Peter Mundy, writing in 1632, described Patna as "the greatest mart of the eastern region".[24] After the decisive Battle of Buxar of 1764, Patna fell into the hands of the East India Company, which installed a government. It was ruled during the years of British India by a series of governors, including Rahul Gunderjaharagand.
In 1912, when the Bengal Presidency was partitioned, Patna became the capital of the British province of Bihar and Orissa, although in 1935 Orissa became a separate entity with its own capital.[29][30]
Indian independence movement[edit]
People from Patna were involved in the Indian independence movement.[31][32] Most notable were the Champaran movement against the Indigo plantation and the 1942 Quit India Movement.[33][34] National leaders who have come from the city include Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, the first President of the Constituent Assembly of India; Dr. Sachidanand Sinha; Dr. Rajendra Prasad; Bihar Vibhuti (Anugrah Narayan Sinha); Basawon Singh (Sinha); Loknayak (Jayaprakash Narayan);[35] Sri Krishna Sinha; Sheel Bhadra Yajee and Sarangdhar Sinha (Singh)[36]
Patna continued to be the capital of the state of Bihar after independence in 1947, though Bihar itself was partitioned again in 2000 when Jharkhand became a separate state of the Indian union.[30]
Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganges River. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its confluence of rivers.[1] The Ganges River is the largest.A narrow strip of somewhat high land about 8 kilometers in width along the southern bank of the Ganges having very fertile soil.
Alluvial fertile plains in the remaining portions. After creation of the new district of Patna does not contain of any hilly regions. It has an entirely alluvial and flat region. The land in the district is too fertile to be left for wild growth. The district is devoid of any forest wealth of consequences. The alluvial text of land yields rice, sugarcane and other foodgrains. The area under cultivation is studded with mango orchads and bamboo clumps. In the fields adjoining the Ganges weeds such as ammannia, citriculari, hygrophile and sesbania grow. But palmyra and date palm and mango orchards are found near habitations. Dry shrub jungles are sometimes seen in the villages away from the rivers. Trees commonly met with are bel, siris, jack fruits and the red cotton tree[37] It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak, Punpun and Sone. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity.[38] It is the largest riverine city in the world.[39] The bridge over the river Ganges named Mahatma Gandhi Setu is 5575m long and is the longest river bridge in the India.[40]
Patna has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) with extremely hot summers from late March to early June, the monsoon season from late June to late September and chilly winter nights and foggy or sunny days from November to February [41] Highest temperature ever recorded was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F), in the year 1966,[42] lowest ever was 1.1 °C (34 °F), on 9 January 2013,[43] and highest rainfall was 204.5 mm (8.05 in), in the year 1997.[42] The table below details historical monthly averages for climate variables.
Climate data for Kurkuri,Patna,801505 | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 23 (73) |
26.1 (79) |
32.4 (90.3) |
37.4 (99.3) |
38.4 (101.1) |
36.7 (98.1) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.2 (90) |
31.7 (89.1) |
28.9 (84) |
24.6 (76.3) |
31.4 (88.49) |
Average low °C (°F) | 9.3 (48.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
25.1 (77.2) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.1 (79) |
26.1 (79) |
25.3 (77.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
10.1 (50.2) |
19.6 (67.28) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 15.2 (0.598) |
11.1 (0.437) |
11.4 (0.449) |
9 (0.35) |
35.6 (1.402) |
133.5 (5.256) |
302.4 (11.906) |
266.3 (10.484) |
194.7 (7.665) |
24.6 (0.969) |
8.2 (0.323) |
7.4 (0.291) |
1,019.4 (40.13) |
Source: worldweather.org[44] |
Patna has long been a major agricultural center of trade, its most active exports being grain, sugarcane, sesame, and medium-grained Patna rice. There are multiple sugar mills still in existence in and around Patna.[45] It is an important business and luxury brand center of eastern India.[46]
As of 2011, the economy of Patna has seen sustained economic growth. In particular, the economy has been spurred by growth in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods industry, the service sector, along with Green revolution businesses.[46] In 2009, the World Bank stated Patna as the second best city in India to start up a business.[47] As of 2010, the per capita income of Patna was 37737.[48]
Patna is the 21st fastest growing city in the world, and the fifth fastest growing city in India, and is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 3.72%.[49]
Historical population | ||
Year | Pop. | ±% |
1807-14 | 312,000 | — |
1872 | 158,000 | −49.4% |
1881 | 170,684 | +8.0% |
1901 | 134,785 | −21.0% |
1911 | 136,153 | +1.0% |
1921 | 119,976 | −11.9% |
1931 | 159,690 | +33.1% |
1941 | 196,415 | +23.0% |
1951 | 283,479 | +44.3% |
1961 | 364,594 | +28.6% |
1971 | 475,300 | +30.4% |
1981 | 813,963 | +71.3% |
1991 | 956,418 | +17.5% |
2001 | 1,376,950 | +44.0% |
2011 | 1,683,200 | +22.2% |
Note: Huge population decline after 1814 due to the decrease in the river borne trade, persistent unhealthiness and repeated epidemics of plaque. Source: [50] |
A resident of Patna is referred to via the demonym Patnaite[51][52] According to 2011 provisional census data, Patna city had a population of 1,683,200 (before expansion of the city limits) within the corporation limits, with 894,158 men and 789,042 women. 11.32 per cent of the population was under six years of age, with 102,208 boys while 88,288 are girls. The sex ratio of 882 females per 1,000 males was lower than the national average of 944. The urban agglomeration had a population of 2,046,652 of which 1,087,864 are males and 958,788 are females.[53] Patna metropolitan region constitutes the second largest metropolitan region in Eastern India. The religion data in 2001 indicated a majority of Hindus. The city has large communities of Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains and Buddhism in the city. The overall literacy rate is 84.71%, with the male literacy rate being 87.71% and the female literacy rate being 81.33%.[3]
Hindi is the official language of the state of Bihar but many other languages are spoken. The native dialect is Magadhi or Magahi, named after Magadha, the ancient name of Bihar. English is widely spoken by Patnaites, and other widely spoken dialects and languages include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Bengali, Urdu and Oriya.[4][54] People of Patna has open flair for other languages as well.
Government and public services[edit]
Civic administration[edit]
- Patna Municipal Corporation
Patna Municipal Corporation or Patna Nagar Nigam, abbreviated PMC, is the chief nodal agency for the administration of Patna. The whole area is divided into 72 wards, which accommodates a population of 1.3 million as per 2011 Census. The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers the city's infrastructure and public services. Municipal Commissioner is the executive head of the Corporation, who is assisted by a large number of officers, belonging to different departments in the Corporation. As of 2014, the Janata Dal controls the PMC; the mayor is Afzal Imam, while the deputy mayor is Rupnarayan Mehta.[55] The current commissioner is Kuldip Narayan.[56]
- Patna Regional Development Authority
Patna Regional Development Authority or PRDA, is a body of the Government of Bihar that is responsible for the infrastructure development of the city Patna. It undertakes developmental activities in various sectors such as architecture, town planning, and engineering.
- Patna Police
Patna Police is the police service responsible for law enforcement within Patna. Patna Police is commanded by Senior Superintendent of Police.[57] Patna Police runs 75 police stations, including two all-women police stations.
Utility services[edit]
Ground water fulfills the basic need of the people,[58] administered by Patna Jal Parishad under Patna Municipal Corporation.[59] The public water supply system comprises 98 tube wells[60] that pump water directly to the distribution mains. Around 23 overhead reservoirs[58] of which only the one's at Agam Kuan, Gulzarbagh Press, Guru Gobind Singh Hospital and High Court serves the city. The sewerage system in Patna was set up in 1936. At present there are four sewage treatment plants[61] located at Saidpur, Beur, Pahari and Karmali Chak.[62]
Electricity supply to the city is regulated and distributed by the Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited. The city forms the Patna Electricity Supply Unit (PESU)[63] Circle, which is further divided into two wings namely Patna East (consists Kankarbagh, Patna City, Gulzarbagh, Bankipore, Rajendra Nagar Divisions) and Patna West (Consists Danapur, New Capital, Pataliputra, Gardanibagh, Dak Bunglow divisions).[64]
Discussion Forum For Bihar was recently launched.It is a virtual place for discussions on various issues concerning Bihar . It provides a common platform to connect all the schools , colleges , institutions and people across Bihar or Bihari's across the world to communicate,share ideas ,solve issues , raise questions and the most important join hands to develop Bihar .It aims to connect students of school and colleges and provide a platform to interact and discuss. Use the Patna Forum[65]
Direct–to–home (DTH) is available via DD Free Dish, Airtel digital TV, Dish TV, Tata Sky, Videocon d2h, Sun Direct and Reliance Digital TV.[66] Cable companies include Darsh Digital Network Pvt. Ltd.,[67] SITI Maurya Cablenet Pvt. Ltd[68] etc. The Conditional Access System for cable television was implemented in March 2013.[69]
Patna comes under the Patna Telecom District of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL),[70] India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Both Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services are available.[71] Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides broadband internet service.[72] Among private enterprises, Bharti Airtel, Reliance, Idea Cellular, Aircel, Tata DoCoMo, Tata Teleservices, Virgin Mobile, MTS India, Uninor, S Tel and Vodafone are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city.[73][74]
Patna was the second Indian city, after Bangalore,[75] which offered free WiFi connectivity to its citizens in February this year. By surpassing the previous record-holder, Beijing in China,[76] Patna's WiFi zone is the world's longest free WiFi zone, which covers a 20-km stretch from NIT Patna on Ashok Rajpath to Danapur.[77][78]
Steps to Connect to free Wifi of Patna[79]
Transport and connectivity[edit]
Patna is located about 100 km from the national East – West Highway corridor. The NH 30, NH 31 and NH 2 passes through the town. The Ashok Rajpath, Patna-Danapur Road, Bailey Road, Harding Road and Kankarbagh old bypass Road are the major corridors. The National Waterway-1 stretches 1620 km in the River Ganga from Allahabad to Haldia passes through Patna.[80]
Patna was one of the first places in India to use horse-drawn trams for public transport.[81] Public transportation today is provided for by buses, auto rickshaws and local trains. Auto rickshaws are said to be the lifeline of the city.[82] BSRTC has started City bus service on all major routes of Patna.[83][84] Radio cab facility is also available.[85] Prepaid auto services operated by an all-women crew was started in 2013 in Patna,[86] which is the first of its kind in India.[87]
The Patna Junction railway station is connected to most of the major cities in India by the railway network.[88] Patna lies in between New Delhi and Kolkata which is one of the busiest rail route in India.The city is a major railway hub and has six major stations: Patna Junction, Rajendranagar Terminal, Gulzarbagh Station, Danapur Station, Patliputra Junction and Patna Sahib Station. Patna is well connected with Gaya, Jehanabad, Biharsharif, Rajgir, Islampur through daily passenger and express train services. Currently, the Indian Railways has floated tenders to construct 5 new "deluxe" toilets in each of Patna's railway station. The plan also includes the modernisation of Patna Junction.[89] In 2009, the construction of India's longest road-cum-rail bridge, Ganga Rail-Road Bridge was underway on the banks on the Ganges nearby and will connect Digha, Patna to Pahleja Ghat. The bridge is expected to be completed in 2017.[90][91] Sources say that when completed it will be 4.55 kilometres (2.83 mi) long and therefore the longest road cum rail bridge in India and one of the longest in the world.[92]
The Planning Commission of India has given nod to Patna Metro recently which will run on two routes- Dak bunglow Square to Saguna Morh and Danapur to Patna City.[93][94] The metro will be implemented on a Public Private Partnership.[95] Furthermore, RITES has started ground survey and soil testing for the Patna Monorail to conduct techno-economic feasibility studies.[95]
There is an airport, Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, which is classified as a restricted international airport.[96] The arrival of several low-cost carriers and a number of new destinations have caused a growth in air traffic in recent years, as has an improvement in the situation with regard to law and order. For the period April to December 2009 the airport ranked first in a survey of 46 airports in the country in terms of percentage growth of domestic passengers as well as domestic aircraft movement.[97] New airport is expected to be built at Bihta.[98] Flights are unable to land at the Patna airport during a foggy weather.
The city is served by several major road highways and state highways, including National Highways 19,[99] 30,[100] 31,[101] and 83.[102] It is 1,015 kilometres (631 mi) East from Delhi, 1,802 kilometres (1,120 mi) North East from Mumbai and 556 kilometres (345 mi) North West from Kolkata.[103] Luxury bus service between Patna and several neighboring cities is provided by the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation and the Bihar State Road Transport Corporation.[104] Radio Taxi services are also available within city limit as well as outskirts.[105]
Patna is home to many tourist attractions and it saw about 2.4 million tourists (including day visitors) in 2005. Tourists visiting the city accounted for 41% of the total for Bihar province, although Bodh Gaya was the most popular destination for foreign visitors.[106]
The cultural heritage of Bihar is reflected in its many ancient monuments. Kumhrar and Agam Kuan are the sites of the ruins of the Ashokan Pataliputra. Didarganj Yakshi remains as an example of Mauryan art.[107]
Takht Sri Patna Sahib is one of the Five Takhts of Sikhism and consecrates the birthplace of the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Gobind Singh.[108] There are five other Gurdwaras in Patna which are related to different Sikh Gurus; these are Gurdwara Pahila Bara,[109] Gurdwara Gobind Ghat,[110] Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh,[111] Gurdwara Bal Leela[112] and Gurdwara Handi Sahib.[113]
Padri Ki Haveli, High Court, Golghar and Secretariat Building are examples of British architecture.
Recently, the Bihar government announced plans to build a state of the art landmark museum in Patna at a cost of approximately 530 crores[114] on a site of 13.9 acres at Bailey Road.[115] 5 firms have been shortlisted for the architectural design.[116]
Top Places to visit in Patna[117]
Patna has important government educational institutions like Patna University, Chanakya National Law University, Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, National Institute of Technology, Patna, Patna Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna, Chandragupt Institute of Management etc. A large number of students across India come to Patna to get the admissions in these institutions.[118]
Patna University was established in 1917 and is the seventh oldest modern university in the Indian Sub-continent.[119] Patna also has a variety of other universities, as well as many primary and secondary schools.
The session of Nalanda International University in Nalanda, is going to start from 2014. It will attract students from across the globe.[120]
Patna's schools are run by the state government or private organizations, many of which are religious. Hindi and English are the primary languages of instruction. A 2012 survey found 1,574 schools: of these, 78% were private unaided schools (most of them at affordable cost), 21% government schools and 1% private aided.[121]
There are several cricket grounds located across the city, including the Moin-ul-Haq Stadium. The stadium features a swimming pool and a cricket academy.[122] This stadium has served as venue for two one-day international cricket matches and several national sport events.
Patna Golf Club has a 165 acres (67 ha) course.[123]
Patna hosted the first ever woman's Kabaddi world cup.[124] It was held at the Patliputra Sports Complex, Kankarbagh from 1 March to 4 March 2012.[125] Hosts India won the World Cup defeating Iran in the finals.[126]
Patna hosted the new Pro Kabaddi league with its home team as Patna Pirates in Patliputra sports complex.
Media and utility services[edit]
The beginning of the 20th century was marked by a number of notable new publications. A monthly magazine named Bharat Ratna was started from Patna in 1901. It was followed by Ksahtriya Hitaishi, Aryavarta from Dinapure, Patna, Udyoga and Chaitanya Chandrika.[127] Udyog was edited by Vijyaanand Tripathy, a famous poet of the time and Chaitanya Chandrika by Krishna Chaitanya Goswami, a literary figures of that time. The literary activity was not confined to Patna alone but to many districts of Bihar.[128][129]
Magahi Parishad, established in Patna in 1952, pioneered Magadhi journalism in Bihar. It started the monthly journal, Magadhi, which was later renamed Bihan.[130]
Many national media agencies, including the Press Trust of India and Doordarshan's regional offices are based in the city.[131] The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Economic Times and The Telegraph are the four principal English language daily newspapers which have Patna editions. The Hindu, The Pioneer and The Indian Express,[132] though not printed in the city, are other English language daily newspaper available in the city. The city's Hindi newspapers include Hindustan Dainik, Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar,[133] Prabhat Khabar, Aaj and Rashtriya Sahara[132] – all these newspapers have editions from Patna. There are also daily Urdu newspapers like Qomi Tanzim and Farooqi Tanzeem published in Patna.[132] There is also the Hindi and English mixed Newspaper Tabloid Inext.[134]
Patna is also served by several AM and FM radio stations. The city hosts several radio stations, including the state-owned All India Radio and private channels like Radio Mirchi,[135] FM 105 etc. The All India Radio, Patna (officially Akashvani Patna Kendra) was established in the year 1948.[136]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b "CDP Patna". Infrastructure Professionals Enterprise (P) Ltd, C - 2, Green Park Extension, New Delhi – 110016, INDIA. PATNA — Urban Development Department. July 2006. pp. 20, 21 (area) 52 (metropolis), 31 (geography). Retrieved 13 April 2014.
- ^ "CPRS Patna About Us". CRPS. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ a b c "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- ^ a b "About District". Patna.bih.nic.in. 2004-01-01. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
- ^ "Populations of Largest Cities in PMNs from 2000BC to 1988AD". Archived from the original on 22 August 2008.
- ^ O'Malley, L. S. S. (2005). James, J. F. W., ed. History of Magadha. Delhi: Veena Publication. p. 23. ISBN 978-81-89224-01-1. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ^ "Patna : the capital of Bihar State, Patna District". Brandbharat.com. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
- ^ "New Delhi, Patna best cities to start business: World Bank". The Times of India (The Times of India). PTI. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ^ "Patna dist records highest per capita GDDP in state — The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2014-01-21. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ "Fastest growing cities and urban areas (1 to 100)". Citymayors.com. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "Gurdwara-gears-up-for-Guru's-jayanti,Kumod Verma, TNN, 30 December 2001". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 30 December 2001. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ a b Choudhoury, P. C. Roy. "Patan Devi". Hindubooks.org. Dharma Universe. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ^ "History of Patna". National Informatics Centre. Government of Bihar. 10 January 2002. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- ^ Fyfe, Ryan. "The Emerald Buddha". Eslteachersboard.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Attractions, history of Patna". Ganges Cruises. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
- ^ The Son of Man: Saoshyant — George Barclay, Jr. - Google Books. Books.google.co.in. 2010-10-27. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
- ^ Megasthenes. "Of the city Pataliputra Indika, Book II, Frag. XXV, Strab. XV. i. 35-36,--p. 702. Frag XXVI.Arr. Ind. 10. Of Pataliputra". Indika. Archived from the original on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
... the greatest city in India is that which is called Palimbothra, in the dominions of the Prasians, where the streams of the Erannoboas and the Ganga unite,—the Ganga being the greatest of all rivers, and the Erannoboas being perhaps the third largest of Indian rivers, though greater than the greatest rivers elsewhere; but it is smaller than the Ganga where it falls into it. Megasthenes informs us that this city stretched in the inhabited quarters to an extreme length on each side of eighty stadia, and that its breadth was fifteen stadia, and that a ditch encompassed it all round, which was six hundred feet in breadth and thirty cubits in depth, and that the wall was crowned with 570 towers and had four-and-sixty gates....
- ^ Smith, Sir William, ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology 3. Boston: Little, Brown. p. 704. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
- ^ "History — Ancient History in depth: The Story of India: South India". BBC. 5 November 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ Wojtilla, Gyula (2000). "Did the Indo-Greeks occupy Pataliputra?". Acta Antiqua (Akadémiai Kiadó) 40: 495–504. doi:10.1556/AAnt.40.2000.1-4.46. ISSN 0044-5975.
- ^ Pataliputra Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms by Fa Hein, tr. by James Legge, Chapter XXVII, Pataliputtra or Patna, in Magadha. King Ashoka's spirit-built palace and halls. The Buddhist Brahman, Radha-Sami. Dispensaries and hospitals...... n.1 Pataliputra, The Sanskrit name means "The city of flowers." It is the Indian Florence.
- ^ BAGHAKOLE - NCAP ncap.res.in. Retrieved 5 December 2013
- ^ "Gurdwara gears up for Guru's jayanti". The Times Of India. 30 December 2001.
- ^ a b "History of Patna City Bihar Origin-Background-Significance". Hoparoundindia.com. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
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- ^ a b Merchants, Politics, and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar, 1733-1820 - Kumkum Chatterjee — Google Books. Books.google.co.in. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ O'Malley, L. S. S. (2005). James, J. F. W., ed. History of Magadha. Delhi: Veena Publication. p. 36. ISBN 978-81-89224-01-1. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ^ Chatterjee, Kumkum (1996). Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar: 1730 - 1820. BRILL. pp. 273 (at page 36). ISBN 978-90-04-10303-0.
- ^ Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers Patna — L.S.S. O`malley — Google Books. Books.google.co.in. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ a b "History of Bihar". Gov.bih.nic.in. 1975-06-26. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ "In Nation's service". Go4patna.com. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ "Braj Kishore Prasad — the Forgotten Hero of Bihar". PatnaDaily.Com. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
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- ^ Agrarian Movements and Congress Politics in Bihar — Kaushal Kishore Sharma — Google Books. Books.google.co.in. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
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- ^ "Kamat's Potpourri: Freedom Fighters of India". Kamat.com. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
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- ^ "Patna Maps, Bihar". Mapsofindia.com. 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2013-12-04.
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- ^ "climate of patna".
- ^ a b "Extreme Weather Events In The Month Of September". Imd.gov.in. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "At 1.1 degree C, Patna chilliest since 1868". The Times Of India. 10 January 2013.
- ^ "Climatological Information for Patna". World Weather. Retrieved date=31 July 2013. Check date values in:
(help) - ^ "Deadline extended for sugar mills auction". The Times Of India. 25 October 2011.
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- ^ "New Delhi, Patna best cities to start business: World Bank". The Times Of India. 30 June 2009.
- ^ "Patna gets almost half of state funds for development". Bihartimes.in. 22 March 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "World's fastest growing urban areas (1)". City Mayors. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ Television and Development of Women By Preeti Kumari Google Book
- ^ Patnaite makes it to records book twice with collection of editorials The Times of India (Patna). Retrieved 17 March 2013
- ^ Dual entry for Patnaite in Limca book Hindustan Times (Patna). Retrieved 28 April 2013
- ^ Patna City Census 2011 data census2011.co.in
- ^ "About Patna". Cnlu.ac.in. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "Afzal Imam Re-elected Mayor of Patna". PatnaDaily.Com. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
- ^ "What the city can do without: A turf war between its civic czars". Telegraphindia.com. 2013-12-07. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
- ^ 26 SPs shifted; Manu Maharaj is SSP, Patna The Times of India, Patna. Retrieved 26 March 2013
- ^ a b PIYUSH KUMAR TRIPATHI (13 December 2011). "24x7 water in pipeline". The Telegraph (Calcutta), Patna. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ "14 PATNA.cdr — cpheeo". cpheeo.nic.in. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ "Patna: Historic Past, Urban Future". urbannewsdigest. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ "PMC go-ahead for sewerage network". The Telegraph (Calcutta), Patna. 2 February 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ "Funds to clean Ganga litter". The Telegraph (Calcutta), Patna. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ "Patna Electric Supply Undertaking 'maintains' power cuts, denizens suffer — The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2013-08-26. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ "Patna Electricity Supply Unit (PESU)". Go4patna.com. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ "Forum for Bihar". purelypatna.com. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
- ^ Piyush Kumar Tripathi (2013-03-12). "Get set or go blank". Telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ "Darsh Digital Selects NDS to Launch Digital Cable TV Platform in India". Business Wire. 2011-10-17. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ "Cable TV digitization: Bihar govt to seek deadline extension — The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2013-04-04. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ "Patnaites rush to get Set Top Box installed before Mar 31 - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ http://www.sneabihar.org/SNEA/April2013/PGMT%20SNEA%20DS%20LETTER%2022-07-13.pdf
- ^ "RCom launches 3G services in Bihar — The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2011-03-12. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ BSNL Bihar homepage 12 April 2014
- ^ Piyush Kumar Tripathi (2012-02-04). "Bihar mobile users queue up for clarity". Telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
- ^ "Recommendations on national broadband plan" (PDF). Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. 8 December 2010. p. 22. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
- ^ "After Bangalore, Patna Launches Free Public WiFi Stretch. It's 20 Km Long!". Nextbigwhat.com. 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
- ^ "Bihar beats Beijing: Nitish Kumar unveils world's longest Wi-Fi zone". News18.com. Retrieved 20 February 2014 Retrieved 3 September 2014. Check date values in:
(help) - ^ "World's longest free Wi-Fi zone in Patna — The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2014-02-20. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
- ^ "Wi-Fi checks in, partially". PIYUSH KUMAR TRIPATHI. The Telegraph (Calcutta), Patna. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Places to Visit in Patna". purelypatna.com. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ "National Waterways-1". Water Resources Information System (Govt. of India). 15 March 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ Chaudhary, Pranava K (23 September 2008). "Trams in Patna". Times of India. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
- ^ "Autos lifeline of city". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2 August 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "Colourful buses start plying in Patna". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 15 May 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "AC city buses to ply from early August". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "Govt launches radio taxi service in city". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ Giridhar Jha (27 February 2014). "'Ladies in the driving seat!' Dutch Ambassador thrilled with Bihar's female auto drivers". Daily Mail, UK. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^ "An all-woman bank to open in Patna". Anisha Anand, TNN. The Times of India (Patna). 14 July 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
- ^ Kory Goldberg; Michelle Dcary (9 November 2009). Along the Path — The Meditator's Companion to the Buddha's Land. Pariyatti. pp. 200–. ISBN 978-1-928706-56-4. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
- ^ "Rlys to build 5 deluxe toilets". The Times Of India. 14 October 2011.
- ^ Bhelari, Amit (2012-03-08). "New deadline for rail bridge". Calcutta, India: The Telegraph, 8 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
- ^ "India's longest rail-cum-road bridge to come up in Bihar". Hindustan Times. 12 October 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "Digha bridge cost likely to jump by Rs 1,000 cr". The Times Of India. 3 July 2011.
- ^ "Metro rail to arrive in Patna". The Times Of India. 16 September 2011.[dead link]
- ^ "Patna Metro Rail construction to begin in few months | Biharprabha News". News.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ a b "RITES begins ground survey for monorail in Patna — Rediff.com Business". Rediff.com. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "Patna airport deadline extended to Oct 31". Hindustan Times. 2012-09-19. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ Verma, Sanjeev Kumar (9 June 2010). "Traffic, flyers' flow grow at Patna airport". Times of India. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
- ^ "Bihta cleared for new airport in Patna". Hindustan Times. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "National Highway 19". Mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ "National Highway 30". Mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ "National Highway 31". Mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ "National Highway 83". Mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ "Road distance chart for Patna". Mapsofindia.com. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ "Luxury bus service between Bihar and Jharkhand from Monday". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 11 December 2011.
- ^ "All we hear is Radio Taxi". thehindubusinessline.com. The Hindu (18/08/2014). Retrieved 19 August 2014.
- ^ Market Pulse. Bihar's annual tourist statistics report, January, 2005 to December,2005. Market Research Division, Government of India. pp. 15, 20, 51. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
- ^ "Tourism". Patna.bih.nic.in. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
- ^ "Holy Takhats". Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ "Gurdwara Pahila Bara". Gurbaani.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ "Gurdwara Gobind Ghat". Takhatpatnasahib.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
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- ^ "Gurdwara Handi Sahib". Takhatpatnasahib.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ Our Correspondent (2013-07-10). "First brick for heritage home". Telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ "Nitish lays foundation of new museum in Patna". Bihartimes.in. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ "Shortlist selected for museum in Patna". World Architecture News. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ "Places to Visit in Patna". purelypatna.com. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- ^ "35 locals make it to NIFT-Patna's 6th batch". Vithika Salomi, TNN. The Times of India (Patna). 13 July 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Patna University". Patna University. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
- ^ PTI (2013-10-10). "India signs MoUs with 7 countries for Nalanda University | Business Line". Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
- ^ Baladevan Rangaraju, Professor James Tooley, Dr Pauline Dixon. "The Private School Revolution in Bihar: Findings from a survey in Patna Urban" (online version; pdf), India Institute, E.G. West Centre, Newcastle University. 2012. Referenced 2 June 2012.
- ^ "Profile of stadium in Yahoo Cricket website".
- ^ "Patna Golf Club". Patna Golf Club. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ Kumar, Roshan (1 March 1999). "Women's World Cup begins". Calcutta, India: Telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- ^ Stage set for first wc women's kabaddi championship ibnlive 2 March 2012
- ^ Hosts India won the World Cup defeating Iran in the finals. Tehran Times 5 March 2012
- ^ Bihar ki Sahityik Pragati, Bihar Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, Patna 1956, p. 73
- ^ Ahmad Qeyamuddin, Patna Through the ages: Glimpses of History, Society and Economy, Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi, 1988
- ^ Jayanti Smarak Granth, pp. 583–585
- ^ Indo-Aryan Languages — Google Books. Books.google.co.in. 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ "Information and Public Relation Department-Bihar". Prdbihar.in. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ a b c "Newspapers in Patna". Go4patna.com. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ Saha, Ananya (2014-01-23). "Dainik Bhaskar enters Bihar with edition in under-penetrated Patna — News — Media — Campaign India". Campaignindia.in. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ "inext bike athon bicycle marathon in patna on 1st december 2013 | Biharplus". Biharplus.in. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ TNN 21 January 2006, 12.54am IST (2006-01-21). "Radio Mirchi bags Patna in FM Radio Phase II — Economic Times". Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
- ^ "50 not out, delight in Patna AIR". The Times of India. 29 December 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
Further reading[edit]
- Walter Kelly Firminger, ed. (1909). The Diaries of Three Surgeons of Patna - 1763. The Calcutta Historical Society.
External links[edit]
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Media from Commons | |
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I'm a pupil at St.Edwards School, Cheltenham, Glos. I am in my final year of school and doing an A-Level technology project. I am proposing to build a unit for children to grow plants in, feed birds, collect water, collect and make compost and generally learn about the environment in a fun and interactive way. I have a budget of Ł55.
1. Do you know of a product like this already? If yes please elaborate.
Thank you very much for you time
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Hang tight!
Recipe by Chef John
"So you think you know how to make French toast? Maybe you beat a couple eggs, a splash of milk, a quick dip, fry it up in some butter, and drizzle with a little syrup? Sounds pretty good, and for 95% of the world that is what they consider French toast. But if you want truly amazing French toast, give this classic restaurant method a try."
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2 eggs
1/2 cup milk
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon ground allspice
1 pinch salt
6 (1 inch thick) slices French bread
1 tablespoon butter, or as needed
Wow! I've been making french toast for years and thought I was doing it right..."if it ain't broke don't fix it". I never knew about a "classic restaurant method". I just did it the way my Mom and Grandma taught me and never would have thought to lightly fry and place it in the oven. Since I love french toast I had to give this a try and I was pleasantly surprised. This came out crisp, light, fluffy and just plain delicious. I topped it with a dusting of powdered sugar and REAL maple syrup. It was perfect served with fresh fruit and OJ! Thanks for a great recipe Chef John and an update on a truly classic breakfast favorite!
Made this for family breakfast and it was really good. I didn't have French bread on hand, but used a thicker sliced bread. The cinnamon and all spice give a nice flavor. I added a very small amount of powered sugar to the mixture. It was nice to put the slices in the oven as they were fried and also kept them nice and hot until all were complete so we could sit down and enjoy together. I will make these again, everyone loved then!
21 Ratings
French toast is OK, but I think what I don't like about it is the custard-y texture. This recipe is crisp and yummy! Great flavors. Cooking on the stove and then crisping in the oven is wonderful. Also helps to make sure that everyone is eating a hot meal together. Made it for "breakfast for dinner" tonight. Definitely will be something we make again---for breakfast/brunch/dinner. Yum!!!
UH MA ZING! Thank you Chef John for another 5 star hit :-) After trying your perfect mashed potatoes recipe, I always look for your version for what I'm looking to cook up. All who've sat down at my dinner table think I'm a rather excellent cook and I have your influence to thank for it! Keep em comin!!
Outstanding, like all of Chef John's recipes! Just one question, C. J.; where's the pinch of cayenne? ;-)
This was the best French Toast I have ever had!
Easy and simple in taste! Added Splenda to it as well.
I have fallen inlove with French toast again! Love the allspice & crispy texture!!!!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Chef John's French Toast
Serving Size: 1/6 of a recipe Servings Per Recipe: 6 Amount Per Serving Calories: 199 Calories from Fat: 44
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CONTACT: Michael Beauchat, 513-585-4900
The Christ Hospital Adds Two Northern Kentucky Cardiologists to Physician Practice
Florence, KY – The Christ Hospital is pleased to announce that cardiologists Patricia Grodecki, M.D., F.A.C.C., and Sanjay Patil, M.D., M.S., F.A.C.C., have joined The Christ Hospital Cardiovascular Associates, the region's largest and most comprehensive group of cardiovascular physicians and surgeons. Drs. Grodecki and Patil will continue to care for Northern Kentucky patients at their new office location in the Florence Professional Commons Office Building, located at 6905 Burlington Pike in Florence, Ky. Drs. Grodecki and Patil can be reached at 859-282-0500.
Dr. Patricia Grodecki Dr. Sanjay Patil The Christ Hospital Cardiovascular Associates is the hospital's employed cardiovascular physician group, which includes the 40-member physician team of Ohio Heart and Vascular Center. "We are very proud to welcome Dr. Grodecki and Dr. Patil, two highly skilled, experienced and well-respected physicians, to The Christ Hospital Cardiovascular Associates," says John Schneider, M.D., President and CEO of The Christ Hospital Cardiovascular Associates and The Ohio Heart and Vascular Center. "This new affiliation will now provide Northern Kentucky patients easier access to the advanced, high technology cardiovascular services currently offered in this region only by The Ohio Heart and Vascular Center and The Christ Hospital."
Dr. Patricia Grodecki
Dr. Sanjay Patil
"We are very excited about integrating our practice with The Christ Hospital Cardiovascular Associates and The Christ Hospital – two of Greater Cincinnati's finest providers of cardiovascular care," says Sanjay Patil, M.D. "We remain committed to all of our Northern Kentucky patients and look forward to continue caring for them right here in Northern Kentucky, close to home. Our continued presence at the area hospitals, in addition to The Christ Hospital, will give patients access to leading-edge heart care, combined with convenient office locations in both Northern Kentucky and Cincinnati."
"Joining The Christ Hospital Cardiovascular Associates will allow us to provide our Northern Kentucky patients with access to an expanded network of internationally renowned cardiac specialists and the award-winning, high quality services of The Christ Hospital," says Patricia Grodecki, M.D., "This is great news for our patients and the communities of Northern Kentucky. I look forward to caring for all of my Kentucky patients and providing focused cardiac care for women in Cincinnati as well."
Dr. Grodecki is board certified in cardiology with special interests in women and heart disease, preventive cardiology and heart imaging. She provides cardiac consultative care in the inpatient and outpatient settings, with added qualifications in nuclear cardiology, echocardiography, lipid management and CT angiography. She was the co-author of a textbook on cardiac CT angiography while training in advanced imaging at the Ohio State University. She has been practicing in Northern Kentucky for seven years and has received numerous local and national awards for her efforts in advancing women's health. She was instrumental in the development of Northern Kentucky's/Cincinnati's first Women's Heart Center, dedicated to research and education of heart disease in women. She completed her residency at the University of Illinois Masonic Medical Center in Chicago and her fellowship at Mount Sinai Hospital in Cleveland.
Dr. Patil is board certified in cardiology and provides patients with inpatient and outpatient cardiac care, including cardiac catheterization, stress testing, vascular ultrasound and cardiac CT. He has been practicing in the Northern Kentucky area for 12 years and was involved in enhancing cardiac quality and outcomes in the community. He completed his internship and residency at Sinai Hospital in Detroit, Mich. He completed his cardiology fellowship at Beth-Israel/Deaconess Hospital in Boston, a Harvard affiliate.
About The Christ Hospital: The Christ Hospital offers a wide range of medical, surgical and testing services at its main campus just north of Downtown Cincinnati and at numerous outpatient and physician practice locations throughout Greater Cincinnati. Its mission is to provide the finest patient experience and improve the health of our community. For the past 11 years, The Christ Hospital has been recognized by U.S. News & World Report as one of the nation's top hospitals, and has been named Cincinnati's Most Preferred Hospital for 15 consecutive years by National Research Corporation (NRC). The Christ Hospital has been granted Magnet® recognition from the American Nurses Credentialing Center for excellence in nursing care. For more information about the award-winning services of The Christ Hospital, visit www.TheChristHospital.com.


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Reviewed Easy Grilled Pork Chops
Mar 19, 2012 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"This is an easy recipe that makes dinner look professional. The flavors were great. It looks great on the plate and with some wilted greens, it made for a great dinner presentation. I can't wait for summer to begin to add this to an easy weekend dinner! Thank you, Sunny!!"""


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SuperFlow has been selected by Rototest International AB as the official distributor for Rototest products in North America for the performance and education markets. Rototest engineered, patented and manufactured the very first hub-coupled chassis dynamometer over 25 years ago and. Continue reading
Did You Know SuperFlow Sells Many Hard To Find Replacement Transmission Connectors?
Tags Axiline, Dynamometers, Dyno, Dynos, Hicklin Engineering, Solenoid Tester, SuperFlow Dynamometers & Flowbenches, Transmission Dynamometer, Valve Body Tester, Zoom TechnologyThat's right, SuperFlow carries a vast inventory of hard to find transmission repair connectors for many applications. As an industry leader in transmission remanufacturing equipment like dynamometers, valve body testers, solenoid testers, torque converter rebuilding systems and transmission shifters, SuperFlow. Continue reading
Gen 4 Allison 3000/4000 Adapters Available for the Axiline SolX Solenoid Testers!
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AEM Electronics 4-Channel Air Fuel Controller Now Available With SuperFlow's Engine and Chassis Dynamometers
Tags AEM Performance Electronics, Air Fuel Controller, Dynamometer, Dynos, Engine Dyno, SuperFlow Dynamometers & Flowbenches, UEGO, WidebandColorado Springs, CO – SuperFlow Dynamometers & Flowbenches is pleased to offer AEM Performance Electronics' 4-Channel Wideband UEGO controller as an optional air fuel monitoring system for SuperFlow engine and chassis dynamometers. "AEM has a great reputation for producing innovative electronics systems for the racing. Continue reading
Visit SuperFlow at the Upcoming AERA Tech Conference, June 20th in Salt Lake City, Utah
Tags AERA Tech Conference, Chassis Dyno, Dynamometer, Engine Dyno, Flowbench, SuperFlow Dynamometers & Flowbenches, Transmission DynoSuperFlow will be attending the AERA Tech Conference on June 20th, 2014 hosted by Engine & Performance Warehouse at the Miller Motorsports Park in Tooele, Utah. The tech conference includes seminars from FEL-PRO, FAST, Mahle, Driven Racing Oil & King. Continue reading


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Entering Students Day 2013 ...
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Florida A&M University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access University
Tallahassee, FL 32307 | (850) 599-3000
Orlando, Fla. – Maritza Reyes, Associate Professor of Law at Florida A&M University (FAMU) College of Law, was an invited participant in a collaborate symposium about the Moncrieffe v Holder case, one of the latest to deal with the convergence of criminal law and immigration law. The crimmigation blog symposium on the case began in October 2012.
Professor Reyes participated in the wrap-up analysis after the slip opinion was issued by the Court in April 2013. Here is a link to the symposium:
The crimmigration blog is one of the 2012 ABA Journal Blawg 100 Honorees.
Professor Reyes has taught courses at the College of Law in Civil Procedure, Evidence, Immigration, Latinos and the Law and Professional Responsibility. She serves as advisor to the FAMU College of Law Hispanic American Law Students Association.


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Wed, Mar 12, 08 at 18:23
I am searching for Star of Bethlehem bulbs or Nodding star of Bethlehem. Or if anyone has information where these bulbs can be found. Thanks! |
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