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05 June 2009
The ways in which staff and students can reduce their impact on the environment are being highlighted by the University as part of World Environment Day.
Established by the United Nations, World Environment Day - commemorated annually on 5 June - is one of the principal vehicles through which the UN stimulates worldwide awareness of the environment and enhances political attention and action.
Simple changes such as turning off lights, using mugs instead of disposable cups and walking between lecture theatres are detailed on the University's sustainability webpages, along with a number of tips for reducing carbon emission in leisure and home time. These include composting waste, installing energy saving lightbulbs and watering your garden with a watering can instead of a hosepipe.
Cardiff's principles of sustainable development will be taken a step further with the roll-out of the Environmental Management System on the Cathays campus. Already in place at the Heath Park Campus, the system is a formal approach to assessing and controlling the environmental impact of University activities.
A number of initiatives are also designed to help University staff pursue a sustainable lifestyle, including the lift share scheme, which has more than 250 staff members and celebrates its third anniversary on 9 June.
Cardiff seeks to bring about positive change through a world-leading programme of research, learning and teaching, which addresses a wide range of sustainability issues.
The University's new high performance computer, provided by Advanced Research Computing @ Cardiff (ARCCA), is one of the most powerful at a British University and one of the greenest. The supercomputer and the datacentre were designed to be as green as possible at every stage, from the power supplies through to the processors and the cooling equipment. The datacentre is estimated to save up to £300,000 per year in energy costs - equating to 1,500 tonnes of carbon dioxide - compared to a conventional system.
The computer has been shortlisted in the ICT category in Green Gown Awards 2009 which recognise exceptional initiatives being taken by higher and further education institutions across the UK to become more sustainable.
Recently the Centre for Business Relationships Accountability, Sustainability and Society (BRASS) collaborated with the UK Environmental Law Association to develop a major new website, The Law and Your Environment. The site provides an unrivalled one-stop shop for anyone who needs a clear and simple guide to issues ranging from planning applications, and pollution incidents through to tackling climate change. It provides details of peoples' rights and responsibilities along with signposts to organisations to go to for further information and advice.
Full details about the University's commitment to sustainability can be found at: http://www.cf.ac.uk/sustainability/index.html and information on sustainability research at Cardiff can be found here.
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Pictured is an example of this saddle style, and does not represent the default saddle style. Default style is without any tooling or accessories.
Tree: Regular Modified Association with laminated integral woodpost horn. Gullet: 8" high by 6¼" wide modified or SQH (regular narrow QH or FQH available). Swell: 13" wide. Horn: Woodpost laminated integral hardwood 3¼" high by 4¼" wide cap. Cantle: 4½' by 13" (higher and wider available). Seat: 14" to 18" in half inch increments. Rigging: 7/8 Hamley flat pjate with flanged rear dee (other styles optional). Stirrups: 3" bell cover your choice others available. Stirrup leathers: Full leathers standard, with others available. Skirts: Square standard (other options available). Weight: Approx. 421bs.

subset: commoncrawl


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Student Computer Recommendations
If you bring a computer to CSUMB, make sure it meets our recommended minimum recommended system requirements:
Intel Core Duo processor or better
Ethernet or Wireless/WiFi
Windows 7 or 8
Intel Core 2 Duo processor
Ethernet or Wireless/WiFi
OS X 10.7 or newer
Shop direct for desktop computers and laptops at Apple and HP
These recommendations are for general use computers and will suit the needs of most CSUMB students, faculty and staff. Before you order a new computer or bring one from home to use at CSUMB, you should contact your advisor to ensure your major does not require specialized hardware.
A laptop with a wireless card is ideal for campus life. You can access network services from nearly everywhere and take your work with you. If it is your primary computer, you should consider buying a docking station, external monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
If you are bringing a computer from home, here are some suggestions:
- Bring your warranty/support information and all of the CD's that came with your computer to CSUMB.
- Check with your insurance company to see if your homeowners/renters insurance covers your computer while you are at CSUMB.
- If bringing a laptop, make sure you have a lock kit.
- Make sure any computer you bring meets or exceeds these specifications.
- If you are bringing a two-year old computer to CSUMB, don't expect it to last for four more years.
- If you are going to live on East Campus (apartments), be sure to get a cable modem.
- Understand the Operating System Support Levels


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Barack Obama called Paterno family
Jay Paterno Moved By Support
- Jay Paterno Moved By Support
Jay Paterno Moved By Support
Jay Paterno talks to Tom Rinaldi about his father and the support his family has received.Tags: Penn State Nittany Lions, NCF - Joe Paterno's Legacy
Joe Paterno's Legacy
Jeremy Schaap on the life and legacy of former Penn State football coach Joe Paterno.Tags: Penn State Nittany Lions, NCF
STATE COLLEGE, Pa. -- Joe Paterno's family said Monday the legendary football coach will get a two-day viewing and a public memorial this week on the Penn State campus, two months after the university summarily fired him over the phone.
The family gave no details on who might be invited or asked to speak at the memorial Thursday at the Bryce Jordan Center, which can hold 16,000 people. Penn State spokeswoman Lisa Powers said the specifics were still being worked out with the Paternos.
But many alumni and students say Paterno was treated shabbily by the Board of Trustees in November, and trustees and other members of the administration might not be made to feel welcome at the memorial for the 85-year-old coach, who died Sunday of lung cancer.
More from ESPN.com
The Penn State scandal -- and Joe Paterno's role in it -- should not cancel all that came before it, writes Ivan Maisel. Story
Joe Paterno's life was a series of accomplishments -- and a handful of fatal flaws that fogged his judgment when he needed it most, writes Gene Wojciechowski. Story
The late Joe Paterno was a legend even before he passed. And that makes getting to the truth of the man even more difficult, writes Jeff MacGregor. Story
• Maisel: Paying tribute to Paterno
• SportsNation: Fans, friends weigh in
"I don't think it's going to be heavily laden with administration and trustees," said trustee Linda Strumpf, who lives in New York and will not attend. "This is something the family is putting together and not the university. I don't think the university wants to be in a position to tell them what a memorial service looks like."
But trustee Al Clemens said he will be there to honor a man he described as a good friend.
"This is really a family thing, and so we're just going to go as individuals," Clemens said. "Joe's a great guy. No matter what the situation was in the last two months, it doesn't take away from what he's done through history for so many people. He's just been tremendous."
The viewing will be held Tuesday and Wednesday at a campus spiritual center, followed by a private funeral Wednesday afternoon. The public memorial at the Jordan Center, the university's basketball arena, is expected to draw thousands.
President Barack Obama offered his condolences to the Paterno family, speaking with Paterno's wife, Sue, and son, Jay, on Monday to express his condolences.
The White House says the president recalled fond memories of when he first met Coach Paterno and said he and first lady Michelle Obama would keep the Paterno family in their prayers.
Pennslyvania Gov. Tom Corbett on Monday ordered all state flags at the state Capitol and at state facilities to fly at half-staff through sunset on Thursday in Paterno's honor. And state lawmakers held moments of silence in their chambers Monday in Paterno's honor.
On Monday, Paterno's former players continued to pay tribute to their mentor.
Matt Millen, an ESPN NFL and college football analyst who played for Paterno at Penn State, told ESPN Radio's "The Herd" that the difficult end of Paterno's tenure doesn't diminish his greater legacy.
"It doesn't mean that despite your best efforts and despite all your experience in a storied career, in a storied life, that you don't make a decision that in his own words, you wish you would have done more," Millen said Monday. "There's some flaws within 50 years as well, but the biggest piece of it is all good, and it has impacted many, many lives."
Millen told "The Herd" that when he spoke with Paterno about a month ago, Paterno wasn't preoccupied with the fact he was no longer coaching.
"He didn't even talk about not coaching. His concern was for others. His concern was how it did affect the program ... all he talked about was the kids, the children, the alleged abuse victims," Millen told ESPN Radio. "That broke his heart. He just couldn't wrap his mind around how that whole thing could even happen and really what it is, even. It was hard for him to get his mind around that."
"There are only a few people who make a real difference in the world and those are rare people. And Joe Paterno was a rare person," Millen added.
Tennessee Titans coach Mike Munchak, who lettered under Paterno in 1979 and 1981, said Paterno's accompishments will never be matched.
"What he was most proud of though was not what we accomplished, but how we accomplished it -- 'success with honor' was his phrase for it," Munchak said in a prepared statement. "He instilled a spirit in each of us that we were part of something bigger than ourselves and upholding the Penn State tradition. The things I learned at Penn State are still with me today and they have made me a better person and a better coach."
Miami coach Al Golden, who played and served as an assistant under Paterno at Penn State, said the values Paterno instilled in his players and coaches "will never be diminished."
"They are manifested in our leadership, character, class and dedication to improving the lives of others in the classroom, workforce and community. They are distinctly evident in the way we raise our children and the type of husbands and fathers we have grown to be. I am forever grateful for the impact that Joseph Vincent Paterno has made on my life," Golden said.
Paterno was fired Nov. 9 after he was criticized over his handling of child sex-abuse allegations leveled against former assistant Jerry Sandusky in 2002. Pennsylvania's state police commissioner said that in not going to the police, Paterno may have met his legal duty but not his moral one.
Bitterness over Paterno's removal has turned up in many forms, from online postings to a note placed next to Paterno's statue at the football stadium blaming the trustees for his death. A newspaper headline that read "FIRED" was crossed out and made to read, "Killed by Trustees." Lanny Davis, lawyer for the board, said threats have been made against the trustees.
Clemens said the board will later consider more lasting tributes to Paterno, including scholarships in his name. Because of his generosity to the school, his family name is already on the library and a spiritual center.
There has also been a movement over the past few years to change the name of Beaver Stadium, the football team's home field, to Joe Paterno Field at Beaver Stadium. Monday, the man behind it, Warren W. Armstrong, a 1960 graduate and retired Allentown advertising executive, said he would renew those efforts. Some are suggesting renaming the street leading to the stadium Paterno Way.
A family spokesman said the Paternos' focus this week is on the viewing and funeral plans and they do want to weigh in on any ideas for a permanent memorial right now. But "I would say the family would welcome a conversation on that," Dan McGinn said.
At a wrestling match Sunday between Iowa and Penn State at Rec Hall on Penn State's campus, fans were asked to observe a moment of silence. The crowd of more than 6,500 then gave a 30-second standing ovation while an image of Paterno flashed on two video boards.
At a women's basketball game Sunday, Penn State players wore a black strap on their shoulders in memory of Paterno.
A moment of silence was also observed before the Nittany Lions men's basketball team's 73-54 loss at Indiana.
Information from The Associated Press was used in this report.
- Kiffin to remain Bama OC, won't jump to NFL
- Ohio St. celebrates title in front of 45K fans
- Abdullah leads North by South in Senior Bowl
- Irish's Hardy to transfer after academic inquiry
Legendary Penn State coach Joe Paterno, NCAA Division I's all-time winningest coach, has died at the age of 85. He ended his historic career mired in scandal, leaving the question of his legacy unanswered. Maisel and Schlabach »
• Joe Paterno dies amid cancer fight
- Thompson: Turning out the lights
- Maisel: Memorial brings PSU together
- Maisel: Penn State, Paterno forever tied
- Thompson: Bringing home Joe
- Maisel: Joe Paterno's final days
- Maisel: Students pay tribute to Paterno
- Bowden reacts to Paterno's passing
- Maisel: Final weeks don't tell full story
- Wojciechowski: A study in contradiction
- Bryant: Hard lessons and a bitter truth
- Weintreb: A hugely complicated legend
- MacGregor: All glory is fleeting
- Timeline: Paterno through the years
- Paterno: By the numbers
- Blog coverage | Reaction | Photo gallery
- Paterno through the years
- OTL: Paterno's legacy
- Players speak at memorial
- Reaction from Bowden, Beano, more
- Tom Bradley on Paterno
- Schaap: Paterno's legacy
- Rinaldi: Sadness and loss
- Fowler: Loss for game
- Full coverage


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Starfish, whose fanciful five-armed figure is symbolic of the seashore, have become veritable shooting stars of late — here one moment, gone the next.
Following a boom in their population only a few years ago, starfish have since become so scarce that researchers in Rhode Island are even having difficulty collecting enough of them to study an unidentified disease that may be linked to their die-off.
"It's one of those mystery detective stories," said Marta Gomez-Chiarri, a biology professor at the University of Rhode Island in the department of fisheries, animal and veterinary science.
The case of the disappearing starfish, also known as sea stars, began more than a year ago when Caitlin DelSesto, then an undergraduate student at URI, began collecting starfish for a project on how they respond to ocean acidification, a symptom of climate change.
She quickly ran into a serious problem. Many were slimy, mushy, and plagued with white lesions. Some, for no apparent reason, released their iconic appendages, which famously regenerate when healthy. Within a week of being placed in tanks, most seemingly melted and died.
DelSesto soon learned that their numbers were dwindling considerably. Only a few years earlier, there were so many starfish around that farmers raising oysters and researchers trying to restore wild scallop populations feared the abundance of the shellfish-eating predators. Gomez-Chiarri recalls seeing time-lapse video at that time of a "wave of sea stars going through a site and eating all of the mussels and leaving a wasteland afterwards."
Now it's starfish that are vanishing, a phenomenon that has gone largely unnoticed since they live mostly out of sight and because fishermen who have no use for them aren't looking for them.
But Gomez-Chiarri and DelSesto, who decided to research the mystery as a graduate student, have since heard from numerous experts that starfish populations have seemingly crashed all the way from New Jersey to Maine. Aquariums, for example, have reported difficulty maintaining starfish exhibits.
The URI researchers were able to obtain a $40,000 grant from the Rhode Island Science and Technology Advisory Council to study the issue with scientists at Brown University and Roger Williams University.
"As far as I know, nobody else has been working on this," said Gomez-Chiarra.
While they don't have commercial value, it's important to understand what's happening with starfish since they are a key part of the ecosystem, she said. As an example, she cited a collapse in sea urchin populations in the Caribbean several years ago. The decline of the algae-munching urchins led to corals being smothered by algae.
"A boom or a crash on a predator could have cascading effects," Gomez-Chiarra said.
The team is asking for the public's help since it can't study the disease without specimens.
"We are at the start of collecting sea stars, which is a problem because there are not that many out there right now," said Gomez-Chiarri. "So far we don't have enough to conduct all of the experiments."
Divers especially are being asked to keep a lookout for starfish colonies — healthy or diseased — and to report their exact location and number to DelSesto at email@example.com. The team will then have its divers collect samples.
The research team includes Rogers Williams marine pathologist Roxanna Smolowitz, who is examining starfish tissues; URI marine scientist Ed Baker, who is studying environmental conditions and trying to culture the pathogen; and Brown molecular biologist Gary Wessel, who is analyzing bacteria on and inside the starfish. Wessel, in one study, put diseased starfish from the East Coast into a tank with healthy starfish from California. The healthy ones eventually became ill and died, confirming suspicions about the role disease may be playing in the population collapse.
"It could be something that happens every once in a while," said Gomez-Chiarra, noting that populations have collapsed here and elsewhere in the past. "It could be a combination of a stress or lack of nutrition … or a sign of a bigger problem."
Follow Richard Salit on Twitter: @RichSalit


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
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September 30, 2011
Today's top stories
- Cyclist dies after crash at Portsmouth's Mountbatten closed circuit
- Video: Driver gives best excuse ever for close pass
- Planning your ride just got easier with plotaroute.com
- Pioneer power meter to launch mid-March
- Celebrating the Grand Départ in steel: Pennine Cycles' glorious Tour de France jersey-themed bikes
- Ass Savers introduces updated Ass Saver Original
- Kona Dr Good utility bike
- Caravan firm sacks driver who was filmed overtaking cyclist with inches to spare (+ video)
- Spin LDN tickets offer: save £12.50 on a pair of tickets for urban bike show
- Paris-Nice Stage 4: Geraint Thomas takes race lead, Tom Jelte Slagter wins stage
Latest comments
No joy travelling behind these types, They may have a clean arse but they're still goggle-splashers.
And if you buy Ultegra, Dura Ace....
Legs win races not bikes. and the price difference ...
I would also love to see a review of the new Reynolds Assault SLGs. They look to be a relative ...
I can't see the team pursuit girls leaving Wiggle-Honda en masse, and I don't think Pooley's ...
How can somebody possibly know where the weight in a wheel is unless they have built in themselves. ...
That would seem fair, apart from the fact that this is far from an isolated incident. Challenge ...
I bought one of their track pumps four or five years ago and it's still going strong, easily ...
well, that was helpful. and since you're the one true arbiter of bicycle style in the whole wide...
Welcome to road riding! You will soon get into wanting to upgrade, almost as soon as you get ...
in Sensa bikes
Thats awesome Johnny, good stuff. I was 50-50 between Slagter and Izagirre, but Slagter has hardly ...
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jimmythecuckoo, March 7, 2014
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On the Forum
- Best lightweight road bikes £1000-£2000??
- Lightweight wheels vs Aero wheels
- Lidl cycling gear!
- Hypocrasy of NIMBYs
- Sensa bikes
- Paris Nice Stage 4 - Nevers to Belleville
- Tirreno-Adriatico
- Majorcan mapping
- Compare GPX/TCX tracks
- New 2014 cervelo R3
- The 3.0 rider competition.
- TTT points???
- Mysterious Screaming From Bike
- Fantasy Cycling: the automatic roster changes forum thread
- Sportive / participation rides: how many marshals?
- Fantasy home page deadline times
- Frome Bike Jumble - 22/3/14: Reserve your pitch now!!
- Local Bike Shops - Are they really doing OK?
- Closing account
Events coming up
- Wiggle Etape CymruMarch 14, 2014 (All day)
- Floodlit junior cycle races PeterboroughMarch 14, 2014 - 18:30
- Grand Tour SomersetMarch 16, 2014 (All day)
- Cycling Weekly Wiltshire Wildcat SportiveMarch 16, 2014 - 08:00
- Evans Cycles Sportive RideIt! South DownsMarch 16, 2014 - 08:00


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Member Login
Posting an opportunity to the SAH website is free and open to members and non-members. All posted opportunities appear on this page, the SAH homepage, and in our Weekly Opportunities Roundup email. Opportunities include awards, conferences, lectures/symposia, calls for papers/sessions, fellowships, and exhibitions. Click here to submit an opportunity. To post a job, please visit the SAH Career Center.
Thursday, March 20 6 p.m. Museum Members $5; Public $15 Buy tickets
Note: To receive the member discount, members must log in after clicking through to the ticket purchase screen. Please place the tickets you would like to purchase in your cart and the discount will be applied when you check out. For information about Driehaus Museum memberships, please see the Join section on the website or call 312 482 8933, ext. 21.
A century ago Chicago was suddenly beset by a traffic crisis in the Loop. The streets and sidewalks were clogged with consumers seeking pleasure in the city's elegant new department stores, hotels, restaurants, soda fountains, and theaters. In their search for a solution, civic officials and influential industrialists raised a particular outcry against lady shoppers. Emily A. Remus examines campaigns to sweep ladies out of the public space of Chicago's downtown and illustrates how Daniel Burnham's new plan for development ultimately created a consumers' metropolis that pushed industry to the margins and opened up the Loop to the leisure class.
This lecture is part of the Driehaus Museum's 2014 Samuel M. Nickerson Lecture Series, a program which serves to situate the Nickerson Mansion within the context of social artistic developments of the period and against the wider background of America's Gilded Age.
Doors open at 5 p.m. for any attendees who would like to explore the Museum and its collections. The lecture begins at 6 p.m. As space is limited, advance reservations are highly recommended.
Emily A. Remus is a doctoral candidate in American history at the University of Chicago. She researches and teaches courses on urban history, gender history, and the history of capitalism. Her current project explores Chicago's transformation into a modern consumer city in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. An article drawn from this work is forthcoming in the Journal of American History.
Please note that in exchange for your reservation and/or ticket, you have authorized the Driehaus Museum to photograph, record, film, video tape, or otherwise use your likeness, performance, image, and/or voice for use in general and/or program-related Driehaus Museum promotional materials. If for any reason, you do not wish to be photographed, please provide your name(s) at registration that evening.


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Turn Sublime Text into a Task Manager with the PlainTasks Plugin
Productivity Sauce
While Sublime Text is a powerful text editing tool, you can put it to other practical uses through third-party plugins. Take, for example, the PlainTasks plugin. It turns Sublime Text into a simple yet flexible task manager. The plugin uses a plain text file for storing tasks, so you can easily synchronize it across multiple machines and open it in any other text editor.
The easiest way to deploy PlainTasks is to use the Sublime Package Control tool (see the Installation page for instructions on how to install Sublime Package Control). In Sublime Text, choose Preferences | Package Control, select then the Install Package command, type PlainTasks to locate and install the package. To create a new task file, press Ctrl+Shift+P to evoke the command palette, type task, and select the Task: New document command. All actions in PlainTasks are performed using keyboard shortcuts. The Ctrl+Enter or Ctrl+I shortcut can be used to create tasks, while the Ctrl+Shift+A shortcut lets you mark the currently selected task as completed. You can group tasks into projects as well as assign tags to individual tasks. In short, if you already use Sublime Text as your preferred text editing tool and you would like to use it for managing tasks, PlainTasks is right up your alley.
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Poll: Vote for the Best Open Source Software for Photographers
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Linux Mint Project Releases Mint 17.1
New LTS version offers many refinements for the Cinnamon and Mate desktops and significant improvement under the hood.
CeBIT Open Source Forum Call for Papers
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TOR Network Isn't So Anonymous
A new study says it is possible to unmask 81% of TOR users.
.NET Goes Open Source
Redmond joins the revolution by turning the .NET Core Runtime into a GitHub project.


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Indian leopard
Indian leopard | |
Male Indian leopard at Nagarhole National Park, India | |
Conservation status | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Carnivora |
Family: | Felidae |
Genus: | Panthera |
Species: | P. pardus |
Subspecies: | P. p. fusca |
Trinomial name | |
Panthera pardus fusca (Meyer), 1794 |
The Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) is a leopard subspecies widely distributed on the Indian subcontinent and classified as Near Threatened by IUCN since 2008. The species Panthera pardus may soon qualify for the Vulnerable status due to habitat loss and fragmentation, heavy poaching for the illegal trade of skins and body parts in Asia, and persecution due to conflict situations. They are becoming increasingly rare outside protected areas. The trend of the population is decreasing.[1]
The Indian leopard is one of the five big cats found in India, apart from Asiatic lion, Bengal tiger, snow leopard and clouded leopard.
In 1794, Friedrich Albrecht Anton Meyer wrote the first description of Felis fusca, in which he gave account of a panther-like cat from Bengal of about 85.5 cm (33.7 in), with strong legs and a long well-formed tail, head as big as a panther's, broad muzzle, short ears and small, yellowish grey eyes, light grey ocular bulbs; black at first sight, but on closer examination dark brown with circular darker coloured spots, tinged pale red underneath.[2]
Male Indian leopards grow to between 4 ft 2 in (127 cm) and 4 ft 8 in (142 cm) in body size with a 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) to 3 ft (91 cm) long tail and weigh between 110 and 170 lb (50 and 77 kg). Females are smaller growing to between 3 ft 5 in (104 cm) and 3 ft 10 in (117 cm) in body size with a 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) to 2 ft 10.5 in (87.6 cm) in long tail and weight between 64 and 75 lb (29 and 34 kg).[3]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
On the Indian subcontinent, topographical barriers to the dispersal of this subspecies are the Indus River in the west, and the Himalayas in the north.[4] In the east, the lower course of the Brahmaputra and the Ganges Delta form natural barriers to the distribution of the Indochinese leopard. Indian leopards are distributed all over India, in Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and parts of Pakistan. In the Himalayas they are sympatric with snow leopards up to 5,200 metres (17,100 ft) above sea level.[5] They inhabit tropical rain forests, dry deciduous forests, temperate forests and northern coniferous forests but do not occur in the mangrove forests of the Sundarbans.
Ecology and behaviour[edit]
In Nepal's Bardia National Park, home ranges of male leopards comprised about 48 km2 (19 sq mi), and of females about 17 km2 (6.6 sq mi); female home ranges decreased to 5 to 7 km2 (1.9 to 2.7 sq mi) when they had young cubs.[6]
In Sariska National Park, the diet of Indian leopards includes axis deer, sambar deer, nilgai, wild pig, common langur, hare and peafowl.[7]
Hunting for the illegal wildlife trade has the greatest potential to do maximum harm in minimal time.[8] Apart from poaching, Indian leopards are threatened by loss of habitat and fragmentation of formerly connected populations, various levels of human–leopard conflict in human–dominated landscapes, and competition with other predators.
A significant immediate threat to wild leopard populations is the illegal trade in poached skins and body parts between India, Nepal and China. The governments of these countries have failed to implement adequate enforcement response, and wildlife crime remained a low priority in terms of political commitment and investment for years. There are well-organised gangs of professional poachers, who move from place to place and set up camp in vulnerable areas. Skins are rough-cured in the field and handed over to dealers, who send them for further treatment to Indian tanning centres. Buyers choose the skins from dealers or tanneries and smuggle them through a complex interlinking network to markets outside India, mainly in China.[9] Seized skins in Kathmandu confirm the city's role as a key staging point for illegal skins smuggled from India bound for Tibet and China.[10]
It is likely that seizures represent a tiny fraction of the total illegal trade, with the majority of smuggled skins reaching their intended end market.[9] Seizures revealed:
- in India: more than 2845 poached leopards between 1994 and October 2010;[9][11][12][13][14][15]
- in Nepal: 243 poached leopards between May 2002 and May 2008;[9][10][16][17][18]
- in China and Tibet: more than 774 poached leopards between July 1999 and September 2005.[9][10]
In May 2010, the Wildlife Protection Society of India estimated that in India at least 3,189 leopards were killed since 1994. For every tiger skin, there are at least seven leopard skins in the haul.[19]
Human–leopard conflict[edit]
Expansion of agriculturally used land, encroachment of humans and their livestock into protected areas are main factors contributing to habitat loss and decrease of wild prey. As a result, leopards approach human settlements, where they are tempted to prey on dogs, pigs and goats — domestic livestock, which constitutes an important part of their diet, if they live on the periphery of human habitations. Human–leopard conflict situations ensue, and have increased in recent years. In retaliation for attacks on livestock, leopards are shot, poisoned and trapped in snares. The leopards are considered to be unwanted trespassers by villagers. Conservationists criticize these actions, claiming that people are encroaching on the leopard's native habitat. [20][21]
India's Forest Department is entitled to set up traps only in cases of a leopard having attacked humans. If only the presence of a crowd of people prevents the leopard from escaping, then the crowd has to be dispersed and the animal allowed to escape.[22]
Competition with other predators[edit]
Leopards share their habitats with Asiatic lions, Bengal tigers, Asiatic Black Bears and sloth bears, wolves, Striped hyenas and wild dogs. These animals may kill leopard cubs given a chance. Lions and tigers may even attack a full-grown leopard.
Leopards succeed in co-existing with tigers, but are not common in habitat where tiger density is high. They are sandwiched between prime tiger habitat, on the one side, and cultivated village land on the other.[23]
Panthera pardus is listed in CITES Appendix I.[1]
Despite India and Nepal being contracting parties to CITES, national legislation of both countries does not incorporate and address the spirit and concerns of CITES. Trained human resources, basic facilities and effective networks for control of poaching and trade in wildlife are lacking.[16]
Frederick Walter Champion was one of the first in India who after World War I advocated for the conservation of leopards, condemned sport hunting and recognised their key role in the ecosystem.[24] Billy Arjan Singh championed their cause since the early 1970s.[25]
- ^ a b c Henschel, P., Hunter, L., Breitenmoser, U., Purchase, N., Packer, C., Khorozyan, I., Bauer, H., Marker, L., Sogbohossou, E., Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. (2008). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
- ^ Meyer, F. A. A. (1794) Über de la Metheries schwarzen Panther. Zoologische Annalen, Band I. Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar, pp. 394–396
- ^ Pocock, R. I. (1939). The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. Taylor and Francis, London.
- ^ Miththapala, S., Seidensticker, J., O'Brien, S. J. (1996). Phylogeographic Subspecies Recognition in Leopards (P. pardus): Molecular Genetic Variation. Conservation Biology 10 (4): 1115–1132
- ^ Uphyrkina, O.; Johnson, E.W.; Quigley, H.; Miquelle, D.; Marker, L.; Bush, M.; O'Brien, S. J. (2001). "Phylogenetics, genome diversity and origin of modern leopard, Panthera pardus" (PDF). Molecular Ecology 10 (11): 2617–2633. doi:10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01350.x. PMID 11883877.
- ^ Odden, M., Wegge, P. (2005). "Spacing and activity patterns of leopards Panthera pardus in the Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal". Wildlife Biology 11 (2): 145–152. doi:10.2981/0909-6396(2005)11[145:SAAPOL]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Mondal, K., Gupta, S., Bhattacharjee, S., Qureshi, Q. and K. Sankar (2012). "Prey selection, food habits and dietary overlap between leopard Panthera pardus (Mammalia: Carnivora) and re-introduced tiger Panthera tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora) in a semi-arid forest of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India". Italian Journal of Zoology 79 (4): 607. doi:10.1080/11250003.2012.687402.
- ^ Nowell, K., Jackson, P. (1996) Wild Cats: status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland.
- ^ a b c d e Banks, D., Lawson, S., Wright, B. (eds.) (2006) Skinning the Cat: Crime and Politics of the Big Cat Skin Trade. Environmental Investigation Agency, Wildlife Protection Society of India
- ^ a b c Banks, D. (2004) The Tiger Skin Trail. Environmental Investigation Agency.
- ^ Wildlife Trust of India (29 July 2008) Leopard skin traders arrested in UP; eight skins recovered. Wildlife Trust of India.
- ^ Ghosh, A. (13 September 2008) 27 leopard skins seized in 45 days. Wildlife Protection Society of India.
- ^ The Hindu (25 September 2008) Leopard skin, other wildlife products seized; five held.
- ^ Wildlife Protection Society of India (18 March 2009) Leopard Skins Seized in Dehradun.
- ^ The Indian Express Limited (12 October 2010) 4 with leopard hide held, role of politician to be probed.
- ^ a b Aryal, R. S. (2009). CITES : Implementation in Nepal and India, Law, Policy and Practice. Second edition.. Bhrikuti Academic Publications, Kathmandu. ISBN 99933-673-3-8.
- ^ Yonzon, P. (2008) Conservation of Tigers in Nepal 2007. Wildlife Conservation Nepal
- ^ Wildlife Trust of India (12 May 2008) Cross-border wildlife traders arrested in Nepal with WTI's help. Wildlife Trust of India.
- ^ Wildlife Protection Society of India (2010) Leopards Battling For Survival In India. Wildlife Protection Society of India, 18 May 2010
- ^ Sears, S. (11 April 2008) "Mumbai Leopards: Killers or Victims?" Wildlife Extra
- ^ Sears, S. (April 2009) "The wild leopards of Oman and Nepal – And how to see them". Wildlife Extra.
- ^ Athreya, V., Belsare, A. (2007) Human – Leopard Conflict Management Guidelines. Kaati Trust, Pune, India.
- ^ McDougal, C. (1988) Leopard and Tiger Interactions at Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 85: 609–610
- ^ Champion, F.W. (1934) What is the Use of Leopards? In: "The Jungle in Sunlight and Shadow". Natraj Publishers, New Delhi (1996).
- ^ Singh, A. (1982). Prince of Cats. Jonathan Cape, London. ISBN 0195654021.
Further reading[edit]
- Athreya, V., Odden, M., Linnell, J.D.C., Krishnaswamy, J., Karanth, U. (2013) Big Cats in Our Backyards: Persistence of Large Carnivores in a Human Dominated Landscape in India. PLoS ONE 8(3): e57872. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057872
- Pandit, M. W.; Shivaji, S.; Singh L. (eds.) (2007) You Deserve, We Conserve: A Biotechnological Approach to Wildlife Conservation. I.K. International Publishing House, New Delhi.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Panthera pardus fusca. |
Wikispecies has information related to: Panthera pardus fusca |
- Species portrait Panthera pardus in Asia and short portrait P. pardus fusca; IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group
- Leopards .:. wild-cat.org — Information about research and conservation of leopards in Asia
- Project Waghoba — Leopard Research and Conservation Project in Western Maharashtra, India
- Wildlife SOS: After 5 years, 3 leopards get a better life


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Notebook: Inside the tent
PUBLISHED: 08 Feb 2012 00:04:47 | UPDATED: 08 Feb 2012 04:26:30PUBLISHED: 08 Feb 2012 PRINT EDITION: 08 Feb 2012Thomas Keneally
In saying that I have conflicting views about the hustling of Julia Gillard to her car through a cordon of Aboriginal demonstrators and police on Australia Day last month, I am merely reflecting a genuine confusion many of us feel.
The protesters later said that their anger was directed at the Opposition Leader; muscular, all-surfing, all-bicycling, former Catholic seminarian (like me) neo-con (unlike me) Tony Abbott. Yet I have to say Abbott's remarks about the determinedly ramshackle Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra, founded 40 years ago, did not seem to me racist or wild.
Though debate still rages over the benefits and failures of the (Northern Territory) intervention, it is argued even by many Aboriginal leaders that the Tent Embassy is an anachronism, a structure bespeaking division rather than reconciliation. Many of the Ngunnawal people on whose land it stands want it removed. Warren Mundine, a Sydney Aboriginal elder who is a former president of the Australian Labor Party, even quarrelled with the Australian Federal Police's refusal to go ahead with arrests.
So nothing will finally allay hostility until Aboriginal equality is achieved by white goodwill and, above all, by indigenous education, political skill, and leadership. Until then, the mourning and the howling continues.
The Australian Financial Review
Read more
People | Julia Gillard, Tony Abbott, Warren Mundine |
Topics | Politics /Federal Politics |


text:
Hello mates!
I am new to TOI and have a question.
I want to advance an at gun with a fresh VEHICLE. Is this possible or can I just move with a fresh SQUAD??
I know that somebody can help!
Posted 15 April 2012 - 11:26 AM
Hello mates!
I am new to TOI and have a question.
I want to advance an at gun with a fresh VEHICLE. Is this possible or can I just move with a fresh SQUAD??
I know that somebody can help!
Posted 15 April 2012 - 07:04 PM
Yes you can, the rules state:
An advance action may only be performed if there is a fresh friendly unit present in the same hex.
and using the language of ToI unit means - An individual vehicle or squad.
Although both units are fatigued and you can only advance into an adjascent hex.
Posted 15 April 2012 - 10:00 PM
Was it updated in FoB, or is the rule the same in FoB as in DoF?
Anway, jes this is one of the things which many in the community want to change.
Posted 16 April 2012 - 10:46 AM
Ah ok, now I know what I want to know.
It is not so easy to understand all rules for german players, thanks for the answer.
Posted 16 April 2012 - 01:12 PM
It is the same in both FotB and DotF, listed under Anti tank guns andthe tab that says advance. I would like to see this rule to only apply to sqauds and see an offical rule for transporting guns with trucks and halftracks (as they should beable to move more than 1 hex). I have my own house rule for this but I rather using offical rules as house rules can change scenarios too much sometime.
Dont worry jigsaw the way some of the rules are written its even hard for us english speaking players to understand (FAQ way long overdue FFG)
Posted 17 April 2012 - 01:16 AM
Aussie_Digger said:
(FAQ way long overdue FFG)
To be honest, at this point I would much prefer a comprehensive rewrite of the rules at this point.
We are working with 6 booklets, an obsolete FAQ and several player aids (and the scenario book). A new, even longer FAQ would not do much for relieving table congestion.
All rules need to be collected into a single volume. Units, specializations and terrain need to be printed on cards. Would be a good chance to integrate all errata and correct some of the more obvious nonsense in the rules, AND clear up unclear wording.
Why not make this a print-on-demand product?
Or sell it as a PDF-only expansion?
Posted 17 April 2012 - 10:27 AM
Hello, nice idea.
I like it when rules are printed on cards like in "Memoir 44".
Here it is easy with the rules. Just take the cards what you need for your scenario and play.
And it is easier to play with new players, because I hate to explain 50 pages in 10 minutes.
Posted 17 April 2012 - 12:47 PM
KlausFritsch said:
Aussie_Digger said:
(FAQ way long overdue FFG)
To be honest, at this point I would much prefer a comprehensive rewrite of the rules at this point.
We are working with 6 booklets, an obsolete FAQ and several player aids (and the scenario book). A new, even longer FAQ would not do much for relieving table congestion.
All rules need to be collected into a single volume. Units, specializations and terrain need to be printed on cards. Would be a good chance to integrate all errata and correct some of the more obvious nonsense in the rules, AND clear up unclear wording.
Why not make this a print-on-demand product?
Or sell it as a PDF-only expansion?
That would be a good idea, but i would fear that they would only include this in a reprint of the new game. would be nice if they released all the vevised rules in a hard cover book and at the same time released a book of scenarios that used all the expansions released to date.
Posted 18 April 2012 - 01:22 AM
Updating rules is far easier if
1) rules & models are sold seperatly
2) rules are sold as a simple book.
Cards are cumbersome and exepnsive to update. Cheap books are in my opinion far better.
Posted 07 May 2012 - 03:59 PM
good point, my buddy and I got TOI at the same time from different sources and his has a bit different cover art and is missing the introductory scenario booklet
Posted 09 May 2012 - 03:23 AM
Thank goodness there are internet resources which you can download…
Posted 10 July 2012 - 09:14 PM
A simple rule addition for Equipment would be to allow a carrier (truck or halftrack) to limber (load also) 1 gun whenever an unfatigued squad in the same hex, is loaded by that carrier. Likewise, to unlimber the gun, requires 1 squad be unloaded from the carrier along with the gun, and that squad is placed in Opfire mode. The gun just unlimbered may only be used by that Opfire squad during the remainder of that turn. Any other squad, which was in the same hex when a gun and a squad were unloaded by carrier, may not operate the gun in that same turn. Only the squad unloading with the gun, may operate it, and only in Opfire mode. At the beginning of the next turn, any unfatigued squad in the same hex with the gun, may then operate the gun as normal.
Posted 20 July 2012 - 11:49 PM
Limbering up and towing guns with trucks and half tracks is a really good idea. Using a vehicle to move a gun just one hex was a pretty pointless exersise. I think for the sake of realism that once unloaded that the gun (crew) should become fatigued rather than being able to open fire immediately. Guns take time to set up unlike infantry who can open fire as soon as they deploy from a vehicle.
Posted 27 July 2012 - 07:31 AM
Yes, that would be easiest to do. It gets a little confusing with the gun being called "equipment". Some guns like the 57 mm AT gun are lightweight enough that they could be operational quickly. Larger guns, like the 88 flak, definitely would take more time, so maybe there has to be a distinction between "light" and "heavy" guns.
I would be just as okay with a gun figure being its own unit, with its own base, and having 2 or 3 slots for infantry figures. Then the whole unit is transported and unloaded, and fatigued. Maybe the "light" gun unit would have just 2 infantry figures, while a "heavy" gun unit would have 3 infantry figures on the base, along with the gun. The "light" gun unit could be placed in OPfire mode when unloaded, while a "heavy" gun would be fatigued.
Maybe just keep the word "equipment" as a trait/icon to be added along with the vehicle and infantry icons on the reference sheets, to designate AT guns, and Artillery guns as a 3rd "type" of unit. Thus, all the units reference charts would have 3 columns, with attack values vs vehicle, infantry, and equipment trait units.
IMO, the gun with its own base works pretty good, and the armor value of the gun shield can count as cover for the total unit comprised of gun and infantry figures. Since the gun and infantry are considered as a single target, the gun is not so easily knocked out as in the regular TOI rule which allows the gun to be targeted separately from the crew manning it.
For purposes of determining Attack values, either there has to be added a 3rd column on the reference sheets for "equipment" trait units, or just classify AT guns and Artillery guns as an "infantry" trait unit, but let the armor value of the gun remain in place as a permanent "cover" value die roll modification.
Posted 28 July 2012 - 12:57 AM
Having AT guns with their own slots for figures is a really great idea but I think the expense of officially changing the rule books and component pieces would be too much for the game company. It would be well worth experimenting with house rules and simple custom modifications though. I'm toying with the idea of glueing squad bases to the gun pieces and dealing with them the same way as mortar and mg units. This would certainly simplify the game mechanics around equipment units which I personally think are over complex, abstract and a little unrealistic. Currently any infantry unit has the ability to use AT guns effectively, realistically operating these weapons required specialist skill and training.
Posted 05 August 2012 - 01:06 PM
IMO, there should just be a "Transport" action added to the available actions a player can use in his action phase.
I prefer that it be a function of the carrier (Truck or Halftrack) to expend mps to load or unload a squad and or AT gun. The Panzer Leader method works pretty well, which is the carrier can either first move up to half its mps and then load a passenger, or can load a unit it began the turn in the same hex with, expending 1/2 the carriers mps to do so, and then move up to the remaining half of the carriers mp to another hex with passenger remaining load.
Possible Rule wording:
Transport action: A Carrier vehicle (Truck or Halftrack) may be given a Transport action. The carrier may either load or unload but not both in the same action. To load or unload a passenger, the carrier must begin the turn in the same hex with passenger unit, and must expend 1/2 the carriers movement points to execute the loading/unloading. Once loaded, the carrier may then move with passenger loaded up to as far as the remaining 1/2 of the carriers movement (rounded up) allows.
Similarly, a carrier which begins the turn already loaded, could unload the passenger in the same hex using 1/2 carriers mps, then move to another hex , or the carrier could move with passenger loaded, to another hex within range of 1/2 the carriers mps, then expend its remaining mps to unload the passenger. The carrier remains in the hex with the passenger if carrier moves first and then unloads passenger.
Optional rule: Tanks and SPGs can be given a transport action to load 1 infantry squad (no MG or Mortar) expending 1/2 mps to do so in accordance with Transport action rule above.
Transportation of Guns:
An AT gun, if beginning turn in same hex with a Regular/Elite/officer infantry squad (no MG or Mortar) , may be limbered to the carrier as a function of loading the squad using the Transport Action. Trucks may load 2 squads + 1 AT gun limbered, while Halftracks may load only 1 squad +1 AT gun limbered.
If AT gun and squad(s) begin turn already loaded on carrier, the carrier may move up to 1/2 its movement first then unload both squad and AT gun. AT gun and squad may then be placed in OP fire with a 2nd action., or may be fatigued without having to expend another action. The carrier upon unloading, is fatigued,and remains in same hex as unloaded passengers The carrier could also unload squad and AT gun in the hex it begins in, then carrier could move away. In either case, once AT gun and sqaud are unloaded, they must either be fatigued (no additional action requird) or be placed in OP fire mode using a 2nd action..


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05/12/2011 And here's how the deal works. Any photographer who buys a new H4D-40 camera with an 80mm lens can now purchase a second HC/HCD lens of their choice at a massive 50% discount.
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And the offer ties in seamlessly with our recent firmware upgrades. Previously one-click instant digital focus check; two directional electronic spirit level; improved high resolution display and a brand new rear display with grip info on the back, was available only on the groundbreaking H4D-60 camera. But now this comprehensive and complimentary firmware package is available to all current owners and new buyers of H4D cameras.
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So now you can start the New Year with a new H4D-40 with an 80mm lens and get half-price discounts on any H line lens you select - from the HCD 4/28mm wide angle upwards. Happy 2012.
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by Blogbot
Gary Numan played the final show of his US tour last night in front of a packed house at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles (it was his second consecutive sold out performance at the venue). Marking the 30th anniversary of his classic Pleasure Principle album – which features the seminal electro tracks "Cars" and "Metal" – Numan played the bulk of the album in the first half his set before exchanging his keyboard for a guitar and launching into newer material.
"I don't really like retro things at all really," Numan confessed to SuicideGirls in a recent interview conducted just prior to his US tour. Though initially reluctant to perform so many tracks from his back catalog, Numan came to terms with his past during a highly successful series of UK dates dedicated to The Pleasure Principle album in 2009.
"It surprised me, I actually quite enjoyed it," said Numan. "I think because it was a mix, the first part of the show was this particular album, which I have sort of grown to be more proud of than I was when I actually released it, and then there was new stuff after that. It felt like it was almost like a documentary set of where you were and where you are, so it didn't feel entirely nostalgic and retro, which I was grateful for."
To read our full interview with Gary Numan visit SuicideGirls.com.
A remastered edition of The Pleasure Principle, which features a bonus disc of rare demo recordings, is out now, and is available via Amazon.com .


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What's up TapnRac, I grew up in Detroit, went into the Corps in 1989 and moved to SC. Also fellow LEO.
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"Placement is power" -- seen in an article by Stephen A. Camp (RIP, Mr. Camp; you will be remembered, and missed)
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Matt Burke
Jacques Potgieter the man with plan to counter South African aggression for NSW Waratahs
Matt Burke If you had told me at school that I could guarantee myself a mark of 82 per cent, I would have taken that every time.
Matt Burke
Mitchell's au revoir a sign of the times as salary cap bites
Matt Burke Does it comes down to the power of the bucks again? The lure of the euro as opposed to that of the Australian dollar - with, perhaps, the the lifestyle on the Cote d'Azur in the south of France also...
Brumbies prove the importance of consistency
Matt Burke There seem to be plenty of opinions about which players in the Australian conference are in form and who should be wearing Wallaby gold in 2013.
Matt Burke
Thriving culture begins with a win
Matt Burke Reading Peter FitzSimons' article in the Herald during the week, it struck me that what we once were is not what we are now. Fitz mentions how the other winter codes have left rugby behind.
Matt Burke
We need more action to make this code the big attraction
Matt Burke Looking at rugby as an entertainment industry, it cannot be complacent about the threat posed by Australia's other winter sports.
Matt Burke
Tahs a little green in their game, to their advantage
Matt Burke As we brush off the Super Rugby cobwebs, the Six Nations is in full swing, trying to find out who will be the champions of Europe.
Matt Burke
Combinations must click against mighty Lions
Matt Burke It wouldn't be a start to the season without the customary feud between the provinces and the national body. The spat is specifically related to the proposed camp three weeks before the Lions series.
Matt Burke
A dark year for green and golds but at least Wallabies avoided defeat in final Bledisloe
Matt Burke With the last domestic international of the year behind us it would seem only fit to give some thought to the best of the best this year.
Matt Burke
Long live the scrum - but with the pause clause sorted out
Matt Burke Watching the State of Origin during the week I was bombarded with questions by my non-rugby mates. I felt as if I was being interrogated from all sides about the state of our game.
Matt Burke
Referees proving to be a major obstruction to innovative plays
Matt Burke I remember a training session with the Wallabies in Caloundra in 1998. Wayne Bennett had come along to observe.
Waratahs play waiting game for the big pay-off
Matt Burke With only one win in this year's competition, the question for Waratahs coach Michael Foley is how he can get across to his players that they are on the right track.
Matt Burke
Bold decision if Tahs opt to play wide against Highlanders
Matt Burke The last time the Waratahs played against the Highlanders in New Zealand they were schooled in wet-weather rugby.
Matt Burke
Target the No.10: Cipriani may be chink in Rebels' defence
Matt Burke Before most games, a team is usually able to do some kind of analysis of the opposition and assess its strengths and weaknesses so coaches and players can form a strategy.
Turn off leading lights and Waratahs will leave Reds in the shade
Matt Burke Different jersey, different coach, different players but the same thing applies when the Waratahs run out at ANZ Stadium tomorrow night: a win is a must.
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Who cares? Bronze can set a marker for tour
Matt Burke Australia versus Wales could be tagged as the ''so close, yet so far'' game. There are questions concerning the validity of this bronze final tonight but for the players, they are taking this game as...
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Talent ticket to making history of that hoodoo
Matt Burke Don't you just love how quickly historians can dredge up a stat or a figure about something that really has no relevance to this week's game?
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Win or go home: equation is simple for Deans' team
Matt Burke At quarter-final time you play the game with your bags packed. If you lose, you're on the next flight out. It's simple motivation to make sure you keep going for at least one more week.
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Wounded Wallabies need to put combinations in place as tournament gets down to business
Matt Burke Sometimes the best laid plans go so far off the tangent that you end up thinking, ''This just might work''.
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Horne's addition to back line takes heat off forwards
Matt Burke THE man I can't wait to see in the Wallabies colours again after an extended break through injury is Rob Horne.
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Cup history suggests fighting Irish will be anything but pushovers
Matt Burke Tomorrow's game against Ireland is not going to be a walk in the park. Even though the Wallabies have won two World Cups, those tournaments might not have ended in glory.


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NOTE: Under the Supreme Court's schedule for briefing on the constitutionality of the federal Defense of Marriage Act, two kinds of briefs were filed Friday. The Obama administration filed its brief arguing why it considers DOMA to be unconstitutional. Second, briefs were filed on the question of whether the Court has the authority to decide that case. One of those was from the administration, one from the Republican leaders of the House of Representatives, and one from Edith Windsor, a New York City woman who was required, under DOMA, to pay an estate tax after inheriting property when her same-sex spouse died. In this post, the blog provides a link to each of these briefs; the post has been updated as they became available. The contents of the briefs are discussed in separate posts, below this one, in this order:
The brief of the Obama administration on the constitutionality of DOMA is here, and its brief on its right to pursue an appeal on DOMA is here. A single post discussing those two briefs is here.
The brief for the House Republican leaders on their standing to appeal and their challenge to the government's right to appeal is here. A post discussing this brief is here.
The brief for Ms. Windsor on the jurisdictional issues is here. The brief's arguments are discussed here.
Source – SCOTUS BLOG
The Greater Seattle Business Association (GSBA), the first LGBT chamber to be asked to join the United States Supreme Court business amicus brief in the United States v. Windsor case, is signing on as an amici together with other businesses, municipalities, chambers and business organizations. The amicus brief explains the discriminatory and adverse effects that DOMA has on LGBT married families and on businesses and advocates the unconstitutionality of Section 3 of DOMA. GSBA has been working on marriage equality and building the business case for equality for many years through signing onto court briefs, legislative advocacy and referenda advocacy. In addition, GSBA is a recognized leader in educating legislators at all levels of government about and advocating for equal rights with tax and immigration laws.
"For those not familiar with the Windsor case, Edith Windsor and Thea Spyer, New York residents, were together for 42 years, and legally married in Canada in 2007. Thea Spyer passed away in 2009, leaving her estate to her spouse Edie. Thea's estate was assessed $363,000 in federal estate taxes, because the federal government under DOMA does not recognize their marriage or extend the estate tax exemptions afforded to different-sex spouses. Had the federal government recognized the legal marriages of same-sex couples at the time of Thea's death, Edie would have been entitled to the spousal exemption and not have had to pay any of the $363,000 in federal estate taxes.
Businesses that are located or operate in states that either have or recognize marriages of same-sex couples (California, Connecticut, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, the District of Columbia, the Coquille Tribe (Oregon) and the Suquamish Tribe (Washington)) can also become amici. This is our opportunity as business leaders to stand up and let the U.S. Supreme Court know that business supports equality and that the government's unequal treatment of LGBT families adversely impact employers."See thegsba.blogspot.com/2013/01/gsba-signs-amicus-brief-challenging.html
Sources advise that more employers are trying to get in on the act at this time; while we thought that the filing deadline had passed for amicus briefs in the DOMA and Prop 8 cases. More to follow in due course.
There are obviously many interested parties who are well advised to file such briefs. It is hoped that the briefs will serve as more than mere publicity stunts and marketing scrambles to be recorded as parts of this historic moment in LGBT history, and that they will all indeed impact the Justices with the imperative message that so many of us await equal treatment under the law.


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Oh, it is love! Ginger spice is a beautiful, autumnal color! it's so beautiful I can hardly describe it! It is a muted reddish brownish orangeish color with a subtle golden sheen. On my N20 coloring it looks beautiful! I have naturally mauve lips and this pulls kind of rusty on me. I am simply in love because the color is so sophisticated and complex, it truly reminds me of the changing leaves in the fall. If you want something a little bit different from the typical berries and reds go out and get this color!
I love this lipstick so much, it has become a new everyday lipstick for me. It is a medium brown colour with a little shimmer, which really seems to define and plump my lips and is very flattering for my skin tone. I love the formula of the Colour Riche lipsticks as well, they are smooth, blendable and moisturising...they do have a slight taste to them but I love it, and you get used to it quickly. I like that there is a mirror on the packaging, very useful for re-applications. All in all...I just love it :)
This is my go-to lipstick! It is a rich medium brown with absolutely no pink in it, which can be hard to find in drugstore brands. This color goes really well with my light olive face and dark brown hair. I know that when I use Ginger Spice I will be happy with my lip color!
A very pretty brown with a touch of marroon. Not drab or too dark or wintery. I plan on wearing it year 'round. Reminds me of Avon's Twig color in their Beyond Color line. I would call this neutral. Looks very healthy on me and brings out the color in my cheeks. I'm surprised I'm the first to review it because it is so gorgeous. L'oreal's lipstick do have a smell and slight taste, but is not bothersome to me. I purchased this at Kroger's on sale for around $6. It is also at Walmart and Amazon for about the same price but you can subscribe and save for little over $5 at Amazon. I am NW 15 pale with freckles, brown eyes and brown hair with reddish highlights - for reference.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No


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How We Work
Behind the Science: Research Reports
Conservancy scientists play a dual-role in advancing conservation science – developing cutting-edge research and tools, and communicating their results to a wider audience. Recent reports written by Conservancy scientists will help others in conservation biology and beyond learn from our hits and misses.
Islands of Life
The Great Lakes harbor more than 32,000 islands, the largest collection of freshwater islands in the world. These islands provide stopover sites for migratory birds and homes to a diverse range of species. But, these oases are threatened by incompatible development and agriculture, invasive species, and other modern pressures. Collaborating with partners from Canada and across the basin, the Conservancy's Dr. Dave Ewert helped the team inventory, rank and prioritize Great Lakes islands for conservation action. View the Google Earth application.
Protected Lands = Protected Waters?
That's the question asked by a team of Conservancy scientists working with Trustee Dr. Dave Allan when analyzing results from the Conservation and Recreation Lands database. The team concluded that areas along rivers are generally underrepresented compared to other protected lands. Habitat loss along rivers typically impacts local and downstream water quality, downstream flooding, fisheries quality and productivity, fishing access, recreational boating quality and access, along with wildlife habitat and corridors. The report says that initiatives like the state's Natural Rivers Program help increase biodiversity in priority aquatic areas. Learn more by reading the report.
Land Conversion More Likely Near Natural Areas
Dr. Daniel Kramer of Michigan State University and Dr. Patrick Doran of The Nature Conservancy were curious about the potential downside of land protection activities. They discovered that land parcels within two kilometers of protected areas, such as nature preserves, were more likely to be developed than parcels further away. The results stress the importance of a well-designed system of protected areas with adjacent buffering areas, and the impacts of existing and future threats. Read the journal abstract for this study.
Preserves Used as Study Sites
Conservancy preserves primarily benefit nature, but they also can serve an educational role. Dr. Anna Fiedler worked in collaboration with the Conservancy to investigate the effectiveness of fen restoration techniques to benefit prairie fen plants, insects and natural processes. This research is guiding restoration efforts now at Conservancy preserves. In addition to her groundbreaking research, Dr. Fiedler will further her passion in conservation education and outreach by developing a website on prairie fens that will help teach others about the importance of restoring and protecting these special wetlands.


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I was in the MK on Tuesday and I didn't see anything clothing wise. They did have all the year of a million dreams merchandise out.
I think I did see a pin or two though, but I didn't look.
I'm going in this saturday to Epcot and next week to all the parks, so I'll keep my eyes open.


text: My family and I are talking about making a trip down to WDW this coming Janurary, most likely the second week. Just wanted to know what the crowds and weather are like and if there are a lot of attractions that are down for refurbs. We are thinking about staying at BLT. :yahoo:


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Monika Chiang Really Just Designs For Herself
When I mentioned to Monika Chiang that her Spring 2013 collection looked like the-well edited wardrobe of a stylist, she laughed.
"Yeah if you have every piece, you're set," she said. "And there's more backstage!"
What you're truly getting, though, is Chiang's dream wardrobe. "Well, it's really about me," she admitted. "It's kind of selfish but, it's what I want to wear. And what I see myself doing and what I see myself in. Everything is really authentic to my lifestyle, whatever I do. And I'm not a black-tie kind of person. So it's more about being easy, casual. But feeling great and confident."
photo: Fairchild Archive
More on Luckymag.com:
- Happy Birthday, Pippa Middleton! Shop Her Best Looks Ever
- 25 Pairs of the Season's Best Plus-Size Jeans
- The Shops at Target Bring Out Hailee Steinfeld, Jessica Chastain and More
- Katie Holmes and Michelle Obama Have the Same Beauty Secret
- Coco Rocha on 'Big Sister' Heidi Klum and the Designers She Truly Admires
Keep up with the Lucky team on Twitter: Follow @LuckyMagazine
- fashion week spring 2013
- fashion week spring 2013


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Reviewed Homemade Dulce de Leche
Nov 2, 2012 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"It was easy, but actually took about an hour. I wanted to try to make my own Dulce de Leche for a croissant & bittersweet chocolate bread pudding as a Tex-Mex brunch dessert. Dee-lish! I knew I could trust Alex :)""
Favorited Chocolate Chunk Cookies with Pine Nuts
Favorited Eggnog Cookies


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Lexham English Bible (LEB) | New International Version (NIV) |
66 And when day came, the council of elders of the people gathered, both chief priests and scribes, and they led him away to their Sanhedrin, | 66 At daybreak the council of the elders of the people, both the chief priests and teachers of the law, met together, and Jesus was led before them. |
Scripture quotations marked (LEB) are from the Lexham English Bible. Copyright 2012 Logos Bible Software. Lexham is a registered trademark of Logos Bible Software. (Lexham English Bible) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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The Air Jordan XX8 "Bright Crimson" & "Black/White/Red" Releasing This Weekend
Perhaps no sneaker release this year has been more talked about than the Air Jordan XX8. This weekend, two more Air Jordan XX8 colorways are releasing: the "Bright Crimson" and the "Black/White/Red." Both feature the traditional Chicago Bulls colors. The lightest Air Jordan to date, and also the most tested and technologically-advanced, the XX8 features an ultra-responsive and durable outsole, Zoom Air, unique Flight Plate technology and a carbon fiber heel.
Both pairs will retail for $250 and will be available at select Foot Locker and House of Hoops by Foot Locker stores this Saturday. Also starting at 8:00 a.m. EST this Saturday, April 27, they'll be available online.
Hit page 2 for a close look at the "Bright Crimson" colorway…


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Nauvoo Station Homes For Sale - Queen Creek Real Estate
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Looking for Nauvoo Station Homes For Sale? Then look no further than this page dedicated to Nauvoo Station Real Estate. See the map below for all homes for sale in Nauvoo Station. Just hover over any property icon to get information on certain properties in the Nauvoo Station Community. You can also find Nauvoo Station bank owned homes and short sales on this page. If you have any questions regarding the current Queen Creek Arizona Real Estate market or any questions on individual Nauvoo Station properties, than please call, email or submit a request for information, and we will get right back to you. We would love to assist you in your search for Queen Creek real estate. We are your Queen Creek Realtors for all homes in Queen Creek Arizona.


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Lance Bass Becomes Big Mouth Billy Bass on 'Jimmy Fallon' [VIDEO]
In what has to be one of the greatest combos ever of puns and ex-boy banders, Lance Bass took to the, er… wall on Jimmy Fallon for a hilariously awkward skit.
In what has to be one of the greatest combos ever of puns and ex-boy banders, Lance Bass took to the, er… wall on Jimmy Fallon for a hilariously awkward skit.
Our minds have just exploded here at PopCrush, because both Justin Timberlake and Lance Bass have dropped two bombshell revelations about their time in 'N SYNC. Seriously, these stories are huge!
It may be 2014 but the '90s rivalry of Backstreet Boys vs. *NSYNC has been briefly resurrected through a war of words started by *NSYNC alum Joey Fatone. Yesterday, Backstreet Boys' Nick Carter took to Twitter to respond to Fatone's comments.
It's been a busy August for Lance Bass. First, he reunited with his boy band 'N Sync for 15 seconds of screen time at last Sunday's MTV VMAs. Now the singer is marrying his boo! Yep, Lance Bass is engaged to his boyfriend of nearly two years.
'N Sync fans got the reunion they've long been clamoring for at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards -- it just was too short!
Remember last week when we deemed 'N Sync member Lance Bass a destroyer of dreams and a crusher of hopes, when he "appeared" to shut down the reunion rumors for the MTV Video Music Awards tonight (Aug. 25)? We did point out that Bass never said "it's not happening." He was coy and noncommittal, but we sorta tried to accept that it wasn't happening, to avoid disappointment. Well, we're glad we clung to hope, as the band joined Twitter yesterday, which feels like a telltale sign the Sync are headed to Reunionville.
Former 'N Sync member Joey Fatone offered a simple piece of easier said than done advice to Justin Bieber, whose image is taking a beating in the media as he behaves badly. Fatone declared, "Don't be a douche."
The former boy bander, who was able to navigate the trappings
Every year at this time (April 30 to be exact) Justin Timberlake is beside himself with joy. Why is that, you ask?


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'Urbanized' Trailer Designs a City Where We All Could Live
Movie News By Scott Beggs on October 11, 2011 | Be the First To CommentIt's not that fonts aren't interesting. They are. To some people. It's that director/producer Gary Hustwit managed to make them downright fascinating in his documentary Helvetica. He continued that visual lust with Objectified – which explored manufactured things in a way that made assembly lines seem riveting. Even the assembly lines where literal riveting was taking place.
Now, his love of objects grows bigger and more complex with Urbanized, a documentary about the design of whole cities and the flow of human beings though them. The trailer displays the same playful-yet-poignant tone of his other projects, and his resume speaks for itself. There's no doubt that this will be another interesting entry into filmic exploration of the things that we live with (and in and around and on).
Check it out for yourself:
Would you go see it?
Neil Miller
Scott Beggs
Rob Hunter
Kate Erbland
Christopher Campbell


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from Mark
president of the RMA.
The RMA, founded in 1874, is the second oldest society of its kind in the world.
Our many conferences and study days engage with music of all kinds on many levels.
Three regular publications - the Journal of the Royal Musical Association, the RMA Research Chronicle and the RMA Monographs series - are part of our wide-ranging organization.
We offer prestigious awards for outstanding scholarly achievement as well as grants and training opportunities for young scholars.
The RMA is a hub for other national and international organizations concerned with the study of music.
Enjoy exploring the RMA website and contact us if you want to know more.
Call for researcher events: 2015 Cheltenham Jazz and Music festivals
Applications invited from researchers to present at public events
13 Nov 14
Call for Papers: Musical Instruments in Science and History
- Deadline 31 Mar 15
27 Sep 15 - 30 Sep 15
Photograph: Andy Catterall
Photograph: Andy Catterall
Photograph: Andy Catterall
Photograph: Andy Catterall
Music and (Trans)National Imaginaries in the Modern Era
5 Feb 15 - 7 Feb 15
The RMA is the foremost professional association within the study of music.
Join Now


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- Product Details
- Click Here to View All Texas A&M Aggies Closeouts
Texas A&M Aggies -100% polyester Desert Dry Xtra-Lite D2XL moisture management micro-flat pique yarn dyed stripe short sleeve polo with 3-button placket, flat knit collar and open sleeves. Antigua triangle patch on right sleeve. For Antigua Sizing Chart CLICK HERE
Additional Information
This Item Usually Leaves The Warehouse In | 5 |
Estimated Delivery Time Map - Based on Your Shipping Zones | Click to View Map of Estimated Delivery Times to Your Location |


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Car 54 where are you?: Setting up a political showdown, mayoral candidate and Metro Councilman Hal Heiner, R-19, will introduce a resolution calling on Metro government to suspend its appeal in the case against police officers who had to pay for their take-home vehicles. Last year, the Kentucky Labor Department ruled in favor of the police union, saying the city could not charge officers to take home cars. The measure was implemented to fill up the $20 million budget shortfall in 2008. Since then the police union has asked to be paid back by the city, but the Mayor Jerry Abramson has said the case is not over as the city appeals. Heiner's resolution calls on the mayor to give up the fight and immediately begin negotiations with police union representatives.
Home run: Louisville home sales were up 28 percent in the final six months of 2009, according to recent figures. The credit for the increase was said to be in large part due to the $8,000 tax credit for first-time buyers.
The Katie King Bill: Taking another swipe at Metro Councilman Jim King, D-10, who is running for mayor, and his daughter, District Judge Katie King, the Courier-Journal's editorial board came out supporting a bill that addresses a loophole in state campaign finance. Sponsored by state Rep. Larry Clark, the legislation — dubbed the Katie King Bill by the C-J — would limit the amount of money a parent can give to fund their children's political campaigns. The bill was filed as a reaction to King's hefty $145,000 contribution to his daughter's 2008 judicial campaign, which far exceeded the $1,000 limit permitted under state election law.


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Google CEO Eric Schmidt explores the importance of job creation in America's economic recovery and several options the government has to create new jobs. "How do we get the productive parts of America working harder with greater exports and more investment in the things that will grow the economy?" asks Schmidt.
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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Tripp!
Facts about Tripp
- Breed: Golden Retriever/Shepherd (Unknown Type) Mix
- Color: Tan/Yellow/Fawn - With White
- Age: Young
- Size: Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
- Sex: Male
Tripp's Info...
I am already neutered, housetrained, up to date with shots, not good with kids, good with dogs, and not good with cats.
Meet our boy Tripp. Tripp loves to go on car rides and his favorite spot is the dog park. Tripp has great play energy and loves other dogs. He will respectfully back away if a dog isn't interested in playing, but sweetly engages those dogs that want to in play. He is young and full of energy. He needs regular exercise and a good diet. Tripp is not a fan of cats, so needs a home without any. He would do best in a home without small children. Tripp is located in Huntsville, Alabama. He is neutered, heartworm negative, microchipped, up to date on all vaccines, on Trifexis for flea and heartworm prevention and his adoption fee is $200. If you are interested in learning more or meeting Tripp, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com
Other Pets at Friends of Rescue - Marietta Chapter
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Tripp, a Marietta Golden Retriever/Shepherd (Unknown Type) dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Golden Retriever/Shepherd (Unknown Type) for sale in Marietta, or seeking a Golden Retriever/Shepherd (Unknown Type) dog from a breeder in Marietta.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in Marietta already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a Marietta breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even Golden Retriever/Shepherd (Unknown Type) breeders who help with Golden Retriever/Shepherd (Unknown Type) rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in Marietta paves the way for another one to be saved.


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Mel Gibson may be sitting for his deposition this morning in L.A. -- marking the first time he's seen his ex Oksana Grigorieva in months -- but that didn't damper his Halloween spirit this weekend. TooFab has obtained this exclusive photo of the actor in costume at a Friday night party.
Dressed in a "Hobo Clown" costume, Gibson attended the party at a private home in Beverly Hills. We've confirmed 100% that it's Mel in the photo.
A source tells TooFab that Gibson "smoked cigarettes, and appeared to have fun talking to a rotation of women. Disguising his face, and sometimes his voice, he seemed to enjoy being incognito, and only a handful of people seemed to have found him out."
Also at the bash were David Arquette (dressed as Elvis), Kevin Connolly (dressed as Gilligan from "Gilligan's Island," Jerry Ferrara, Leonardo DiCaprio (wearing a mask), Stacy Keibler and Molly Sims (dressed as a cat).
Eddie: 1553 days ago
Ohhhh, Leo Dirapio was busted. I'd love to have been there to see that.
Leo: This party is so fun, I'm having a great time
Hobo Clown: Hi, Leo, remember me?
Leo: No, have we met?
Hobo Clown: It's ME, Mel Gibson you bitch, ****, WHORE! You didn't want to do my Viking movie. I should drown you in the jacuzzi you ****ING whoooore. I don't WANT you. I don't NEED you. I don't LOVE you! Raaaaawwwwwrrrrr! Go and call the cops!! Why are you going to call the cops?!?!
Leo: I'm sorry! I have to go. It was nice seeing you.
Mel: You should just smiiiiile and bloooow meeee!
Bunny that earns scooby snacks!: 1553 days ago
Yeah! YOU go Mel. Have some fun! :)
gonesi: 1553 days ago
I'm so glad to see Mr Gibson out having a good time. He is a good man.
Julie: 1553 days ago
Right On Eddie! (Posted at 2:33 PM on Nov 1, 2010)
R.ADAm: 1553 days ago
Mel need to get out a bit more, to see what group he has not yet insulted.Thsi is a way to do it!
Amazing that any film would consider him ,given he insulted women so badly. If either sex boycots a film ,its over.
Bunny that earns scooby snacks!: 1553 days ago
It's really sad to see people judging a man based on lies told by a scorned woman.
May it happen to the likes of you ten fold, you self righteous folks.
susie: 1552 days ago
i would like to see the real tapes,where miss
grigorieva run her mouth.she controlls the tapes so that won't happen
Jade evergreen: 1552 days ago
Good to see Mel had fun on halloween and he make a cute hobo clown and next year he will have a his little girl and take her trick or treating
angeleyes: 1552 days ago
Great to see Mel is getting out and having some fun - Life's short - No point in wasting it dealing with trash!
Nana: 1552 days ago
I like Mel and I am very happy he is moving on and having fun.Oksana,the greedy lousy piece of **** won't get away with her extortion.She was the one subtly abusing Mel for a long time,driving him against the wall til he burst in an "enough-is-enough " moment.Anyone would go crazy with her demanding, cold, insensitive, selfish attitude.She is a bully and ugly.I was on her side,but when i listened to the tapes,i knew she deserved a beating if she got one.She is such a looser and hope Mel survives this,gets the baby and Oksana goes to jail forever.For the record,am black and don't think Mel is a racist at all...anyone can say stuff they don't really mean when angry.
Frank Androski: 1552 days ago
Mel Gibson is a racist and sick person. Boycott his movies!
Jus Another Viewer: 1551 days ago
This is AWESOME! Soo very glad to see Mel Gibson out having FUN! He will have his daughter on Nov. 10th AFTER the D.A. indites the woman who started all this Sh*t Octosana WILL lose custody as soon as she is arrested and booked! AND hopefully Tim Dalton will finally STAND up and TAKE his kid away from this coniving, manipulating, lying, falsifying, evil witch!
THERE'S a reason HE was NOT stripped of his custodial rights, there's a REASON his EX (who should be the scorned one) IS supporting him, there's a REASON SHE is under closer investigation than HIM. It's ALL proof in the pudding, just LOOK, Google the witch. THIS isn't her first time accusing a STAR (and father one of her kids, cuz they just happen to BOTH be by 'big' stars!) of abuse, she accused Tim Dalton of the SAME stuff when he asked her to sign a pre-nuptual agreement. THIS is her M.O.
http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/mel-gibson-tapes-tampered-11169063 SEE for yourself! ABC didn't expect this guy to give THIS analysis! Two tracks..? Wha..wha..what..!
LoL to ANYONE who belives ONE ounce of HER 'evidence!' Truth Train is about to ROLL on through!
charles: 1550 days ago
Mel Gibson,is a raceist A-H,and I hope Oksana sucessfully takes him for every pennie she can get him for.
BASAXL: 1539 days ago
Mels biggest problam is channeling Martin Riggs when he's drunk or angry.I am Jewish and not mad at Mel.I'll continue to see his movies and support his career.Mel's ex wife even came forward to support him when the Ox accused him of being violent toward her and the baby.(Mel make sure and get a test to make sure the baby is yours)Mel may have a drinking problem,and he may be politically incorrect,but he is not a bad person by any means.This chick is out to get what she can from a rich movie star.I'm in Mel's corner on this one.
Franny Marian: 1483 days ago
I think Mel is getting a raw deal from this gold digging immigrant witch. I know Mel has made some politically incorrect statements but so what? Everyone secretly makes them but Mel is gutsy and makes them publically. Good for him!!! Everyone knows the Jews do run Hollywood and they made Marlon Brando apologize when he said it so that shows the power they have. Now they are out for Mel's blood. He is a brilliant actor, producer and director and Braveheart is my all time favorite movie. The Passion of the Christ was also brilliant and the Jews in Hollywood have been out to get him ever since he made that blockbuster telling the truth about the Jews being the killers of Christ. Sorry for your troubles Mel. Im on your side and Im a Traditional Catholic as well. May God be with you in your time of troubles and may you have peace and Love in your life.
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