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Diseases & Conditions
Adult Health Library
Women's Health
Diseases & Conditions- Adult Health Library
Women's Health
Amenorrhea What is amenorrhea? Amenorrhea is a menstrual condition characterized by absent menstrual periods for more than three monthly menstrual cycles. Amenorrhea may be classified as primary or secondary: Primary amenorrhea. From the beginning and usually lifelong; menstruation never begins at puberty. Secondary amenorrhea. Due to some physical cause and usually of later onset; a condition in which menstrual periods which were at one time normal and regular become increasingly abnormal and irregular...
Anatomy of the Breasts
Anatomy of the Breasts Click Image to Enlarge Each breast has 15 to 20 sections, called lobes , that are arranged like the petals of a daisy. Each lobe has many smaller lobules , which end in dozens of tiny bulbs that can produce milk. The lobes, lobules, and bulbs are all linked by thin tubes called ducts . These ducts lead to the nipple in the center of a dark area of skin called the areola . Click Image to Enlarge Fat fills the spaces between lobules and ducts. There are no muscles in the breast, but...
Anatomy of the Urinary System
Anatomy of the Urinary System Click Image to Enlarge How do the kidneys and urinary system work? The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy. After the body has taken the food components that it needs, waste products are left behind in the bowel and in the blood. The kidney and urinary systems help the body to eliminate liquid waste called urea, and to keep chemicals, such as potassium and sodium, and water in balance. Urea is produced when foods containing protein, such as meat, poul...
Bone Density Test
Bone Density Test Some women are at greater risk for osteoporosis—the decrease of bone mass and density as a result of the depletion of bone calcium and protein—than others. Your doctor can help you determine your risk of developing osteoporosis by taking your personal and family medical history, and by performing a bone density test or bone mass measurement. What is a bone density test? A bone density test, also known as bone mass measurement or bone mineral density test, measures the strength and dens...
Breast Health
Breast Health Breast development occurs in distinct stages throughout a woman's life, first before birth, and again at puberty and during the childbearing years. Changes also occur to the breasts during menstruation and when a woman reaches menopause. Listed in the directory below you will find some additional information regarding breast health, for which we have provided a brief overview. Anatomy of the Breasts Normal Breast Development Three-Step Plan for Preventive Care How to Perform a Breast Self-...
Breast Health: Three-Step Plan for Preventive Care
Breast Health: Three-Step Plan for Preventive Care The thought of having breast cancer is frightening to everyone, and especially devastating to women. However, ignoring the possibility that you may develop breast cancer or avoiding the processes to detect cancer can be dangerous. Although there are some women who are at higher risk, the fact is that all women are at risk for breast cancer. That's why it's so important to follow this three-step plan for preventive care. Although breast cancer can't be p...
Breast Infections and Inflammations
Breast Infections and Inflammations What is lactational mastitis? Click Image to Enlarge The most common type of breast infection is lactational mastitis. With this condition, which occurs when a woman is breastfeeding, the nipples become cracked and sore, allowing bacteria from the baby's mouth to enter the ducts and rapidly multiply in the milk. Occasionally, infection also arises from a blocked milk duct. In both cases, the breast becomes hard, reddened, hot, and painful. Treatment for lactational ma...
Cervicitis What is cervicitis? Click Image to Enlarge Cervicitis is an irritation of the cervix caused by a number of different organisms. Cervicitis is generally classified as either acute, meaning the onset of symptoms is severe and sudden, or chronic, lasting over a period of months or longer. Cervicitis is often caused by any of a number of sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, or herpes, and is often confused with vaginitis. What are the symptoms of cervicitis? The followin...
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal Cancer What is colorectal cancer? Colorectal cancer is malignant cells found in the colon or rectum. The colon and the rectum are parts of the large intestine, which is part of the digestive system. Because colon cancer and rectal cancers have many features in common, they are sometimes referred to together as colorectal cancer. Cancerous tumors found in the colon or rectum also may spread to other parts of the body. Excluding skin cancers, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in...
Common Benign Lumps
Common Benign Lumps What are some common types of benign breast lumps? Click Image to Enlarge Two of the most common causes of benign single breast lumps are cysts and fibroadenomas. In addition, there are several other conditions that can present themselves as lumps, such as fat necrosis and sclerosing adenosis. What is a cyst? A cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops in the breast tissue. Such cysts typically occur in women between the ages of 35 and 50 and are most common in those approaching menop...
Common Breast Conditions
Common Breast Conditions A woman can and probably will experience a number of benign (noncancerous) breast conditions during her lifetime. In the directory below, you will find additional information on breast conditions, for which we have provided a brief overview. If you cannot find the condition in which you are interested, please visit the Breast Health Online Resources page in this website for an Internet address that may contain additional information on that topic. Mastalgia (Breast Pain) Common ...
Components of Food
Components of Food If you are trying to make heart-healthy changes to your lifestyle and diet, it is helpful to know some basics about nutrition, starting with the components of food. Facts about calories: You need enough calories to maintain your energy level, but no more than you can burn off. This is called an energy balance. If you take in more calories than you burn, you gain weight. If you take in fewer calories than you burn, you lose weight. If you balance the two, you maintain your weight. Even...
Contraception / Birth Control
Contraception / Birth Control What is birth control? Birth control refers to any activity, medication, or equipment used to prevent pregnancy. There are many types of birth control available for women who do not wish to become pregnant. The decision on which method is right for you should be made with your health care provider, as well as with your partner. Birth control methods work in different ways to prevent pregnancy, including: Creating a barrier that blocks sperm from reaching the egg Killing spe...
Depression What is depression? A depressive disorder is a whole-body illness, involving the body, mood, and thoughts, and affects the way a person eats and sleeps, feels about himself or herself, and thinks about things. It is not the same as being unhappy or in a blue mood. Nor is it a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away. People with a depressive illness cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months...
Diabetes (Type 1, 2, and Gestational)
Diabetes (Type 1, 2, and Gestational) What is type 1 diabetes? Type 1 diabetes may also be known by a variety of other names, including the following: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) Juvenile diabetes Brittle diabetes Sugar diabetes There are two forms of type 1 diabetes: Idiopathic type 1 diabetes. This refers to rare forms of the disease with no known cause. Immune-mediated diabetes. An autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system destroys, or attempts to destroy, the cells in the ...
Diagnosing Benign (Noncancerous) Breast Conditions
Diagnosing Benign (Noncancerous) Breast Conditions How are benign breast conditions and infections diagnosed? In addition to obtaining a complete medical history, your health care provider, in diagnosing a breast condition, may: Perform a complete physical examination to: Locate any lump and feel its characteristics (i.e., texture, size, and relationship to the skin and chest muscles). Look for changes in the nipples or the skin of the breast. Check lymph nodes under the arm and above the collarbones. R...
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence What is domestic violence? Domestic violence is a term used to describe violence and abuse by family members or intimate partners such as a spouse, former spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend, ex-boyfriend or ex-girlfriend, or date. Other terms used for domestic violence include the following: Intimate partner abuse Family violence Child abuse Battering Courtship violence Marital rape Date rape Stalking Domestic violence can take many forms, but involves using intimidation and threats or vi...
Dysmenorrhea What is dysmenorrhea? Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual condition characterized by severe and frequent menstrual cramps and pain associated with menstruation. Dysmenorrhea may be classified as primary or secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea - from the beginning and usually lifelong; severe and frequent menstrual cramping caused by severe and abnormal uterine contractions. Secondary dysmenorrhea - due to some physical cause and usually of later onset; painful menstrual periods caused by an another medi...
Endometriosis Statistics related to endometriosis Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition, particularly among women of childbearing age, affecting an estimated 2 to 10 percent of American women in this age group. Endometriosis can be a debilitating disease for some women who experience ongoing pain, while others may be asymptomatic. It is also a factor in infertility. According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, endometriosis can be found in 24 percent to 50 percent of women wh...
Estrogen's Effects on the Female Body
Estrogen's Effects on the Female Body Click Image to Enlarge What is estrogen? Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an important role in the normal sexual and reproductive development in women. They are also called sex hormones. The woman's ovaries produce most estrogen hormones, although the adrenal glands also produce small amounts of the hormones. In addition to regulating the menstrual cycle, estrogen affects the reproductive tract, the urinary tract, the heart and blood vessels, bones, breasts...
Exercise Finding the right exercise program and the right preparation To be physically fit, you do not have to exercise intensely for long periods of time. Experts agree that physical activity does not necessarily have to be vigorous, and they recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate continuous physical activity daily, or on most days of the week. To achieve and maintain physical and cardiovascular fitness, health professionals advise following a balanced fitness program: If you have an existing medica...
Exercise and the Aging Person
Exercise and the Aging Person Exercise benefits persons of all ages There are numerous benefits of following a regular exercise program - even for individuals who are challenged by such conditions as joint pain, back pain, arthritis, or osteoporosis - or individuals who are recovering from an injury or surgery (i.e., joint replacement, arthroscopy). Exercise has also been shown to be beneficial to people of all ages, as it helps to lower blood pressure, lower the risks of falls and serious injuries (suc...
Fibrocystic Breast Changes
Fibrocystic Breast Changes What are some common fibrocystic breast changes? Generalized breast lumpiness is known under many different names, such as "fibrocystic disease" and "fibroid breasts." Many of these are misnomers since physicians and researchers now believe that these are just part of the breast changes which many women undergo throughout the various stages of their lives. Many physicians feel that this term has become a catchphrase for general breast lumpiness. What do fibrocystic changes fee...
Frequently Asked Questions: Mammograms
Frequently Asked Questions: Mammograms What are the benefits of screening mammography? Today's high-quality screening mammogram is the most effective tool available to detect breast cancer before lumps can be felt or symptoms appear. Early detection of breast cancer not only helps provide a woman with more options, but also increases her chances of having the best possible outcome. Is there a risk of radiation exposure from having regular mammograms? You may want to ask your doctor about the amount of r...
Gastric Bypass (Malabsorptive) Surgery
Gastric Bypass (Malabsorptive) Surgery (Malabsorptive Procedure, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, Biliopancreatic Diversion) What is gastric bypass surgery? Gastric bypass surgery, a type of bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery), is a surgical procedure that alters the process of digestion. Bariatric surgery is the only option today that effectively treats morbid obesity in people for whom more conservative measures such as diet, exercise, and medication have failed. There are several types of gastric bypass...
Gastric Stapling (Restrictive) Surgery
Gastric Stapling (Restrictive) Surgery (Gastric Banding Surgery, Adjustable Gastric Banding, Vertical Banded Gastroplasty) What is gastric stapling (restrictive) surgery? Gastric stapling (restrictive) surgery is a type of bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery) procedure performed to limit the amount of food a person can eat. Bariatric surgery is the only option today that effectively treats morbid obesity in people for whom more conservative measures, such as diet, exercise, and medication have failed...
Glossary - Women's Health
Glossary - Women's Health | A | | B | | C | | D | | E | | F | | G | | H | | I | | J | | K | | L | | M | | N | | O | | P | | Q | | R | | S | | T | | U | | V | | W | | X | | Y | | Z | A [return to top] Abdominal hysterectomy - the uterus is removed through the abdomen via a surgical incision. Abortion - medical termination of a pregnancy. Adhesion - a band of scar tissue that joins normally separated internal body structures, most often after surgery, inflammation, or injury in the area. Adrenal glands - ...
Gynecologic Inflammations and Infections
Gynecologic Inflammations and Infections There are many different gynecological inflammations and infections that require the clinical care of a physician or another healthcare professional. It is very important for a woman to seek medical care to determine the type of infection present and the appropriate treatment. Gynecological inflammations and infections can originate in either the lower or upper reproductive tract. Common infections include: Lower reproductive tract Vulvitis Vaginitis Upper reprod...
Gynecological Anatomy
Gynecological Anatomy Click Image to Enlarge Endometrium— the lining of the uterus Uterus— also called the womb, the uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located in a woman's lower abdomen, between the bladder and the rectum Ovaries— two female reproductive organs located in the pelvis Cervix— the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb) located between the bladder and the rectum. It forms a canal that opens into the vagina, which leads to the outside of the body Vagina— the passageway through which flu...
Gynecological Concerns
Gynecological Concerns Many gynecological conditions require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Gynecological Anatomy The Menstrual Cycle Recognize Gynecological Symptoms Sexually Transmitted Diseases Pap Test Endometriosis Pelvic Pain Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Menstrual Conditions Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Menorrhagia Gyneco...
Health Promotion and Prevention
Health Promotion and Prevention At each stage of a woman's development and maturation, it is important to make healthy lifestyle choices and find ways to prevent problems. Getting regular healthcare examinations and learning to identify potential health problems are two ways to help you live a longer, healthier, and happier life. Listed in the directory below, you will health promotion and prevention topics for women. It is hoped that the health information they contain will support your ability to make...
Heart Attack
Heart Attack What is a heart attack (myocardial infarction)? A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when one or more regions of the heart muscle experience a severe or prolonged lack of oxygen caused by blocked blood flow to the heart muscle. The blockage is often a result of atherosclerosis—a buildup of plaque composed of fat deposits, cholesterol, and other substances. Plaque ruptures and eventually a blood clot forms. The actual cause of a heart attack is a blood clot that forms within the ...
Home Page - Women's Health
Topic Index Breast Health Colorectal Cancer Diabetes (Type 1, 2, and Gestational) Gynecological Concerns Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) Hysterectomy Infertility Menopause Mental Health Osteoporosis Skin Cancer Urinary Conditions Health Promotion and Prevention Sports Injuries Glossary A woman's body is just as intriguing as it is complex. Here, you will learn about the anatomy, functions, and systems of a woman's body, detailed with labeled medical illustrations and simple definitions. A healthy w...
How to Perform a Breast Self-Examination (BSE)
How to Perform a Breast Self-Examination What is a breast self-examination (BSE)? Breast self-examination (BSE) is a procedure a woman can do to physically and visually examine her breasts and underarm areas for changes. It has not been shown that BSEs alone can accurately determine the presence of breast cancer. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has found evidence that suggests BSEs do not lower the risk for death from breast cancer. Therefore, if you choose to do BSE, it should not be used in pl...
Hysterectomy What is hysterectomy? Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. Different portions of the uterus, as well as other organs, may be removed at the same time. Facts about hysterectomy More than 600,000 hysterectomies are performed in the U.S. each year. Hysterectomy is the second most common major operation in women of child bearing age. The most common conditions for hysterectomy are fibroid tumors, endometriosis, and uterine prolapse. Reasons for having a hysterectomy: The followin...
Infertility What is infertility? Infertility is defined by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) as a disease of the reproductive system that impairs the body's ability to perform the basic function of reproduction. Although conceiving a child may seem to be simple and natural, the physiological process is quite complicated and depends on the proper function of many factors, including the following, as listed by the ASRM: Production of healthy sperm by the man Production of healthy eggs ...
Infertility Risk Factors for Men and Women
Infertility Risk Factors for Men and Women For women. General factors that can affect the ability to ovulate, conceive, or deliver a child successfully include the following: Age. Women in their late 30s and older are generally less fertile than women in their early 20s Endometriosis Chronic diseases (diabetes, lupus, arthritis, hypertension, or asthma) Hormonal imbalance Environmental factors. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, or exposure to workplace hazards or toxins Excessive or very low body ...
Interstitial Cystitis
Interstitial Cystitis What is interstitial cystitis? Interstitial cystitis (IC) is complex, chronic disorder characterized by an inflamed or irritated bladder wall. It can lead to scarring and stiffening of the bladder, decreased bladder capacity, and glomerulations (pinpoint bleeding). IC may also be known as: Painful bladder syndrome Frequency-urgency-dysuria syndrome What causes IC? The cause of IC is still unknown and patients do not respond to antibiotic medication. Researchers are investigating ma...
Introduction to Menopause
Introduction to Menopause What is menopause? When a woman permanently stops having menstrual periods, she has reached the stage of life called menopause. Often called the "change of life," this stage signals the end of a woman's ability to have children. Many health care providers actually use the term menopause to refer to the period of time when a woman's hormone levels begin to change. Menopause is said to be complete when menstrual periods have ceased for one continuous year. The transition phase be...
Lumbar Strain (Weight Lifter's Back)
Lumbar Strain (Weight Lifter's Back) What is a lumbar strain? A lumbar strain is an injury to the lower back, which results in damaged tendons and muscles that spasm and feel sore. What causes a lumbar strain? Click Image to Enlarge Trauma can injure the tendons and muscles in the lower back. Pushing and pulling sports, such as weight lifting or football, can lead to a lumbar strain. In addition, sports that require sudden twisting of the lower back, such as in tennis, basketball, baseball, and golf, ca...
Maintaining Weight Loss
Maintaining Weight Loss Benefits of maintaining weight loss While losing weight is difficult for many people, it is even more challenging to keep weight off. Most individuals who lose a large amount of weight regain it two to three years later. One theory about regaining lost weight is that people who decrease their caloric intake to lose weight experience a drop in their metabolic rate, making it increasingly difficult to lose weight over a period of months. A lower metabolic rate may also make it easi...
Mammogram What is a mammogram? A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast. It is used to detect and diagnose breast disease in women who either have breast problems, such as a lump, pain, or nipple discharge, as well as for women who have no breast complaints. Mammography cannot prove that an abnormal area is cancer, but if it raises a suspicion of cancer, tissue will be removed for a biopsy. Tissue may be removed by needle or open surgical biopsy and examined under a microscope to determine if it is cancer....
Manage Your Medications
Manage Your Medications Managing medication can be complicated, particularly if you are taking several, and treating different conditions. Suggestions for managing medications: It is important that you make sure you understand the exact dose and timing of each medication from your doctor when he or she prescribes it. Verify the information with your pharmacist when you have the prescriptions filled. If you go to different doctors for different conditions, it is extremely important to tell all of them ab...
Managing Stress
Managing Stress The effects of emotional stress on the body Many women face difficult challenges and responsibilities that may overlap or conflict, causing stress that can affect their health. Stress can arise out of difficulties at home, in relationships, and in the workplace. Family "well-being" includes stable relationships, and the ability to fulfill essential roles in the home, child rearing values and practices, and the mental and physical health and development of every family member. Researchers...
Mastalgia (Breast Pain)
Mastalgia (Breast Pain) What is mastalgia (breast pain)? Mastalgia is breast pain and is generally classified as either cyclical (associated with menstrual periods) or noncyclic. Noncyclic pain may come from the breast or may come from somewhere else, such as nearby muscles or joints, and may be felt in the breast. Pain can range from minor discomfort to severely incapacitating pain in some cases. Many women with mastalgia worry more about the consequences of cancer than about the pain itself. What is c...
Medical Treatment for Obesity
Medical Treatment for Obesity Medical treatment overview Treatment by a doctor may be necessary when an individual's own efforts to lose weight have failed and/or when coexisting medical conditions make it crucial for a person to lose weight. Prescription medication may be necessary for those with obesity-related health problems. Many people take over-the-counter supplements in an attempt to lose weight. However, to ensure long-term success, behavioral weight loss measures are an important part of any w...
Menopausal Hormone Therapy
Hormone Therapy The use of estrogen to supplement that which is no longer being produced by the body, and hormone therapy (HT), in which estrogen and progestin (a synthetic progesterone) are used in combination, have been the subject of great controversy over the years. To learn more about women's health, and specifically hormone therapy, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in 1991. The study consisted of c...
Menorrhagia What is menorrhagia? Menorrhagia is the most common type of abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding. In some cases, bleeding may be so severe and relentless that daily activities become interrupted. Other types of abnormal uterine bleeding (also called dysfunctional uterine bleeding) include: Polymenorrhea Too frequent menstruation Oligomenorrhea Infrequent or light menstrual cycles Metrorrhagia Any irregular, acyclic nonmenstrual bleeding from the u...
Mental Health
Mental Health There are many mental health conditions that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Managing Stress Depression Domestic Violence
Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome What is metabolic syndrome? Metabolic syndrome is a condition that includes the presence of a cluster of risk factors specific for cardiovascular disease. According to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), metabolic syndrome significantly raises the risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, and/or stroke. Most people who have metabolic syndrome have insulin resistance. The body makes insulin to move glucose (sugar) into cells for use as energy. Obesity, commonly found...
Nipple Problems and Discharge
Nipple Problems and Discharge What are some common nipple problems? Click Image to Enlarge Nipple conditions are a common benign (non-cancerous) breast condition affecting many women. Some problems are related to lactation, while others are not. Like all breast conditions, any nipple problems should be reported to your physician for a prompt diagnosis and treatment. What is ectasia? As a woman approaches menopause (around her late 40s, early 50s), the mammary ducts, which are located under the nipple, b...
Normal Breast Development and Changes
Normal Breast Development and Changes What is normal breast development? Breast development is a vital part of reproduction in the human female. Unlike other mammals, however, human females develop full breasts long before they are needed to nurse their offspring. Breast development occurs in distinct stages throughout a woman's life, first before birth, again at puberty, and during the childbearing years. Changes also occur to the breasts during menstruation and when a woman reaches menopause. When doe...
Obesity Obesity has a far-ranging negative effect on health. People who are overweight or obese are at increased risk for developing many different health conditions, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and bone and joint disease. Listed in the directory below are some topics related to obesity, for which we have provided a brief overview. Overview of Obesity Treatment of Obesity Obesity Treatment Overview Medical Treatment for Obesity Surgical Treatment for Obesity Gastric Bypass (Malabsorptive) ...
Obesity Treatment Overview
Obesity Treatment Overview Treatment goals Regardless of the type or combination of obesity treatment, goal setting is an important part of any obesity treatment plan. While a person may want to lose a large amount of weight because of societal or fashion reasons, it is important to realize that setting and achieving a goal of reducing weight by as little as 5 to 10 percent of body weight will yield important, positive gains in health. Treatment goals work best if they are individualized. For example, i...
Online Resources - Women's Health
Online Resources - Women's Health This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your health care provider. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition. This page contai...
Osteoporosis Index
Osteoporosis Index Many factors involving osteoporosis require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some of the factors, for which we have provided a brief overview. About Osteoporosis Bone Density Test
Overview of Obesity
Overview of Obesity Facts about obesity Overweight and obesity together make up a leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. Obesity is a chronic disease that can seriously affect your health. Overweight means that you have extra body weight, and obesity means having a high amount of extra body fat. Being overweight or obese raises your risk for health problems, including coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Public health experts agree that overweight and obesity have reached epidemi...
Overview of Sports Injuries
Overview of Sports Injuries Facts about sports injuries Sports injuries are common daily occurrences in the U.S. Most sports injuries are due to either traumatic injury or overuse of muscles or joints. Many sports injuries can be prevented with proper conditioning and training, wearing appropriate protective gear, and using proper equipment. Sports and soft-tissue injuries Most sports injuries are due to minor trauma involving soft-tissue injuries--injuries that affect the muscles, ligaments, and/or ten...
Pap Test
Pap Test What is a Pap test? Click Image to Enlarge A Pap test (sometimes called a Pap smear) is a way to examine cells collected from the cervix, or the opening of the womb (located at the top of the vagina), for the presence of: Infection Inflammation Abnormal cells Cancer Why is a Pap test recommended? A Pap test, along with a pelvic exam, is an important part of a woman's routine health care because it may detect abnormalities that can lead to invasive cancer. Most cancers of the cervix can be detec...
Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper's Knee)
Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper's Knee) What is jumper's knee? Click Image to Enlarge Jumper's knee, also known as patellar tendonitis, is a condition characterized by inflammation of the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to shin bone (tibia). The condition may be caused by overuse of the knee joint, such as frequent jumping on hard surfaces. What are the symptoms of jumper's knee? The following are the most common symptoms of jumper's knee. However, each individual may experience symptoms differe...
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Runner's Knee)
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Runner's Knee) What is runner's knee? Click Image to Enlarge Runner's knee, also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome, is a condition characterized by dull pain around the front of the knee (patella), where it connects with the lower end of the thigh bone (femur). What causes runner's knee? Runner's knee may be caused by a structural defect, or a certain way of walking or running. Other causes may include: A kneecap that is located too high in the knee joint Weak thigh mus...
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) What is pelvic inflammatory disease? Click Image to Enlarge Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is caused by bacteria, often the same type of bacteria that is responsible for several sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. In some cases, PID develops from bacteria that has traveled through the vagina and the cervix by way of an intrauterine device (IUD). PID can affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or the ovaries. It can lead to pelvic adhesions...
Pelvic Pain
Pelvic Pain What is pelvic pain? Pelvic pain is a common complaint among women. Its nature and intensity may fluctuate, and its cause is often obscure. In some cases, no disease is evident. Pelvic pain can be categorized as either acute , meaning the pain is sudden and severe, or chronic, meaning the pain either comes and goes or is constant, lasting for a period of months or longer. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, pelvic pain lasting longer than 6 months and showin...
Perimenopause What is perimenopause? Perimenopause refers to the transitional period of time before menstruation actually stops, which is marked by changes in the menstrual cycle, along with other physical and emotional symptoms. Perimenopause can last two to 10 years and during this time the following processes are occurring within a woman's body: Ovaries release eggs less regularly Ovaries gradually produce less estrogen and other hormones Fertility decreases Menstrual cycles shorten, there are fewer ...
Plan and Prepare for Pregnancy
Plan and Prepare for Pregnancy If you are planning to become pregnant, taking certain steps can help reduce risks to both you and your baby. Proper health before deciding to become pregnant is almost as important as maintaining a healthy body during pregnancy. The first few weeks are crucial in a child's development. However, many women do not realize they are pregnant until several weeks after conception. Planning ahead and taking care of yourself before becoming pregnant is the best thing you can do f...
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? Polycystic ovary syndrome (also called PCOS or Stein Leventhal syndrome) is the most common hormonal and reproductive problem affecting women of childbearing age. It's estimated that about 5 percent of women in the U.S. have this disorder. Click Image to Enlarge PCOS has been defined as the presence of any two of the following characteristics: Lack of ovulation for an extended period of time High levels of androgens (male hormone...
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)? A much more severe form of the collective symptoms known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) affects approximately 3 percent to 8 percent of women of reproductive age and is considered a severe and chronic medical condition that requires attention and treatment. What causes PMDD? Although the exact cause of PMDD is not known, several theories have been proposed. One theory states tha...
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) What is premenstrual syndrome? Most women experience some unpleasant or uncomfortable symptoms during their menstrual cycle. For some women, the symptoms are significant, but of short duration and not disabling. Other women, however, may have one or more of a broad range of symptoms that temporarily disturb normal functioning. These symptoms may last from a few hours to many days. The types and intensity of symptoms vary in individuals. This group of symptoms is referred to a...
Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases
Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases Primary risk factors for chronic disease At the top of the CDC's list of primary risk factors for all chronic diseases are: smoking, poor nutrition, and sedentary lifestyle. Living a healthier lifestyle can help to prevent heart disease. This includes the following: Eliminating all tobacco products Adhering to a heart-healthy diet Following an appropriate exercise program Eliminate all tobacco products You should be aware that all tobacco products are included as risk ...
Preventing Obesity
Preventing Obesity in Children and Teens Facts about prevention Obesity is a chronic disease affecting increasing numbers of children and adolescents as well as adults. Obesity rates among children in the U.S. have doubled since 1980 and have tripled for adolescents. About 17 percent of children aged 2 to 19 are considered overweight compared to over 66 percent of adults who are considered overweight or obese. Earlier onset of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related depression in ch...
Preventing Sports Injuries
Preventing Sports Injuries Most sports injuries are the result of inadequate training in certain sports, structural defects in the body, and weaknesses in the body. Many people who start exercising after being sedentary sustain a sports injury. However, with the proper precautions, sports injuries can often be prevented. How can I prevent a sports injury? The following are some basic steps to prevent a sports injury: Warm up properly before any physical activity. Alternate exercising different muscle gr...
Recognizing Gynecological Symptoms
Recognizing Gynecological Symptoms Gynecological signs and symptoms that may require medical attention Vaginal bleeding and discharge are a normal part of your menstrual cycle prior to menopause. However, if you notice anything different or unusual, consult your health care provider before attempting to treat the problem yourself. Symptoms may result from mild infections that are easy to treat. But, if they are not treated properly, they can lead to more serious conditions, including infertility or kidn...
Safer Sex Guidelines
Safer Sex Guidelines What is "safe" sex? Sex in a monogamous relationship where neither party is infected with a sexually transmitted disease (STD) is believed to be "safe." However, many health care professionals believe there really is no such thing as "safe" sex. They believe the only way to be truly safe is to abstain because all forms of sexual contact carry some risk. For example, kissing is thought to be a safe activity, but herpes, and other diseases can be contracted this way. Condoms are commo...
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases What are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)? Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infectious diseases transmitted through sexual contact. The CDC estimates that 19 million new cases occur annually in the U.S. Fifty percent of the new infections occur in people between the age range of 15 to 24 years. How can you protect your adolescent from STDs? The best way to prevent contracting an STD is to abstain from any type of sexual activity, including oral, vaginal, and ana...
Shin Splints
Shin Splints What are shin splints? Shin splints refers to pain and tenderness along or just behind the large bone in the lower leg (the tibia). Shin splints, also called medial tibia stress syndrome, usually develop after rigorous exercise, sports, or repetitive activity. This repetitive activity can lead to inflammation of the muscles, tendons, and thin layer of tissue covering the bone (the periosteum) of the tibia, causing pain. What are the symptoms of shin splints? The following are the most commo...
Skin Cancer
Skin Cancer What is skin cancer? Skin cancer is a malignant tumor that grows in the skin cells. In the US alone, more than 2 million Americans were expected to be diagnosed in 2010 with nonmelanoma skin cancer, and 68,130 were expected to be diagnosed with melanoma, according to the American Cancer Society. What are the different types of skin cancer? There are three main types of skin cancer, including: Name Description Basal cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 80 percent of ...
Sports and Fractures
Sports and Fractures Fractures are breaks in the bone that are often caused by a blow or a fall. A fracture may be classified as a simple fracture (a thin fracture that may not run through the entire bone), or a compound fracture, in which the broken bone protrudes through the skin. Symptoms may include tenderness over the bone, swelling of the affected area, deformity of the limb, and increased pain with movement. What are stress fractures? Click Image to Enlarge Stress fractures are weak spots or smal...
Sports Injuries
Sports Injuries Many sports injuries require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Overview of Sports Injuries Exercise Exercise and the Aging Person Lumbar Strain (Weight Lifter's Back) Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper's Knee) Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome (Runner's Knee) Preventing Sports Injuries Sports and Fractures Shin Splints
Staying Healthy After Menopause
Staying Healthy After Menopause While this "change of life" called menopause was once a life stage dreaded by many women, today's woman has an abundance of medical knowledge and resources available to her as she experiences menopause. The key to staying youthful and active is good nutrition and regular physical exercise. Nutritional needs after menopause As a person ages, nutritional requirements change. A premenopausal woman should consume about 1,000 mg of calcium daily. Women after menopause should c...
Surgical Treatment for Obesity
Surgical Treatment for Obesity Weight-loss surgery, also called bariatric surgery, is the only option today that may effectively treat morbid obesity in people for whom more conservative measures such as diet, exercise, and medication have failed. A variety of approaches to bariatric surgery is available, but all procedures are either malabsorptive, restrictive, or a combination of the two. Malabsorptive procedures change the way the digestive system works. Restrictive procedures are those that severely...
The Menstrual Cycle: An Overview
The Menstrual Cycle: An Overview Click Image to Enlarge What is ovulation? When a young woman reaches puberty, she begins to ovulate - a process in which a mature egg cell (also called an ovum), ready for fertilization by a sperm cell, is released from one of the ovaries (two female reproductive organs located in the pelvis). If the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell as it travels down the fallopian tube, then pregnancy occurs and it becomes attached to the lining of the uterus until the placenta (an org...
Topic Index - Women's Health
Topic Index - Women's Health Women's Health Home Breast Health Anatomy of the Breasts Normal Breast Development Three-Step Plan for Preventive Care How to Perform a Breast Self-Examination Mammography Frequently Asked Questions: Mammograms Common Breast Conditions Mastalgia (Breast Pain) Common Breast Lumps Fibrocystic Breast Changes Nipple Problems and Discharge Breast Infections and Inflammations Diagnosing Benign Breast Conditions Colorectal Cancer Diabetes (Type 1, 2, and Gestational) Gynecological ...
Treatment of Obesity
Treatment of Obesity Because obesity is a serious, chronic disease that can inflict substantial harm to a person's health, treatment is very important. A variety of methods are used to treat obesity. Incorporating multiple methods, such as making diet changes as well as adding exercise, may be beneficial. Obesity Treatment Overview Medical Treatment for Obesity Surgical Treatment for Obesity Gastric Bypass (Malabsorptive) Surgery Gastric Stapling (Restrictive) Surgery
Urinary Conditions
Urinary Conditions Many disorders of the urinary system require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Anatomy of the Urinary System Urinary Incontinence Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Interstitial Cystitis
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence What is urinary incontinence (UI)? Urinary incontinence (UI) is the loss of urine control, or the inability to hold your urine until you can reach a restroom. According to the National Association for Continence, approximately 25 million adult Americans experience temporary or chronic urinary incontinence. UI can strike at any age. Women over age 50 are the most likely to develop UI. Urinary incontinence may be a temporary condition, resulting from an underlying medical condition. I...
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Click Image to Enlarge What are urinary tract infections (UTIs)? Urinary tract infections are a serious, but common, health problem that affects millions of people each year. Women are especially prone to urinary tract infections. What causes urinary tract infections? Normal urine is sterile and contains fluids, salts, and waste products. It is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. An infection occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from the digestive tract, cling t...
Vaginitis What is vaginitis? Click Image to Enlarge Vaginitis refers to any inflammation or infection of the vagina. This is a common gynecological problem found in women of all ages, with one-third of women having at least one form of vaginitis at some time during their lives. The vagina is the muscular passageway between the uterus and the external genital area. When the walls of the vagina become inflamed, because some irritant has disturbed the balance of the vaginal area, vaginitis can occur. What ...
Vulvitis What is vulvitis? Click Image to Enlarge Vulvitis is simply an inflammation of the vulva, the soft folds of skin outside the vagina. This is not a condition, but rather a symptom that results from a host of diseases, infections, injuries, allergies, and other irritants. Diagnosing and treating this condition can be frustrating because it is often difficult to determine the specific cause of the irritation. What causes vulvitis? Vulvitis may be caused by one or more of the following: Scented or ...
Watch Your Weight
Watch Your Weight When is watching your weight necessary? According to the CDC, more than 68 percent of U.S. adults older than 20 are either overweight or obese. Extra weight is a concern because it may cause new health issues or worsen already existing health problems. To help you determine if your weight is within a normal range, you can use this BMI calculator . Maintaining a healthy weight is especially important if you have or have had any of the following conditions: Heart disease Type 2 diabetes ...
Women's Health Care Guidelines
Women's Health Care Guidelines The National Women's Health Information Center offers the following 10 things you can do to help live longer, live better, and live happier: Be informed. Learn about health promotion and disease prevention and ask your physician for specific information regarding your needs. Be good to your bones. For healthy bones, be sure to replenish your stock of calcium every day with plenty of foods such as milk and other dairy products, tofu, leafy green vegetables, canned salmon or...
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Jordon Mutch
23-Year-Old Midfielder Queens Park Rangers Premier
Jordon Mutch Contract Information:
Signed four-year deal with QPR in August of 2014
October 17, 2014 Jordon Mutch News
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Mutch (hamstring) will be unavailable for Sunday's home clash with Liverpool.
Mutch's hamstring is still not at 100 percent, so QPR boss Harry Redknapp will be cautious with the midfielder, who joined up with the club over the summer. Mutch has one assist and five total shots through five Premier League matches in 2014/15.
Recent RotoWire Articles Featuring Jordon Mutch
Match Preview: Stoke City v. QPR
Published January 25, 2015
QPR have allowed the most goals on the road than any other team in the Premier League this season.
More Jordon Mutch Articles View Last 30
EPL Bargin Bin: Gameweek 36 Value Players April 24, 2014
EPL Bargain Bin: Gameweek 33 Value Players April 3, 2014
Fantasy Premier League Rankings: Gameweek 33 April 2, 2014
EPL Bargain Bin: Gameweek 29 Value Players March 6, 2014
Jordon Mutch: Past News Updates ( ▲ View most recent update )
August 5, 2014
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Mutch has joined QPR from Cardiff City.
Mutch was an ever-present figure during his time with newly-relegated Cardiff, making 53 appearances in two seasons. Eager to stay in the Premier League, the attacking midfielder, who scored seven goals in 2013-14, now gets his chance to shine with QPR.
May 4, 2014
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Mutch attempted a team-high five shots Saturday against Newcastle United. None of his five shots were on target, however, and Cardiff City ultimately lost 3-0 and will now be relegated to the League Championship next season.
Mutch had been a bright spot for Cardiff City this season, as he scored seven goals and assisted on another five. His fantasy value will be low to close out the season, as Hull City host Chelsea in the final gameweek.
March 30, 2014
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Mutch scored in the first half of Saturday's 3-3 draw with West Brom. He once again led the team in shots with three, and managed to convert his only attempt that was on target.
Mutch followed up his two-goal performance from last weekend with another goal Saturday. As Cardiff City's leading goal-scorer, he is a very good fantasy option, especially with matches against Crystal Palace, Stoke City, Sunderland, and Newcastle looming as the Bluebirds fight to avoid relegation.
March 22, 2014
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Mutch scored two goals and assisted on another during Saturday's 3-6 loss to Liverpool.
Mutch has been a bright spot on a struggling Cardiff City squad with six goals and five assists. Both numbers are team highs as he has established himself as a leader in the Bluebirds' attack.
March 9, 2014
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Mutch returned to the Starting XI and assisted on one of Steven Caulker's two goals Saturday during Cardiff City's 3-1 victory over Fulham.
Mutch has been a pleasant surprise for fantasy owners when healthy. He is consistently a part of the Cardiff City attack and now has four goals and four assists on the season, despite missing some time with a hamstring injury.
March 2, 2014
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Mutch returned to the Cardiff City lineup as a substitute Sunday, and managed to play the final 27 minutes of the team's 1-0 loss to Tottenham. Despite the low number of minutes, he was able to attempt a shot but was unable to put it on target.
Mutch played very well in the early part of the season, but has seen limited action in recent weeks due to a hamstring issue. When healthy, Mutch can provide good fantasy value, as the midfielder has tallied four goals and three assists for the Bluebirds this season.
February 27, 2014
RotoWire Fantasy Analysis
Mutch (hamstring) has returned to training and Cardiff City are hopeful he can make his return to the lineup for the March 2 match against Tottenham, reports the
Mutch has contributed to more goals than any of his other Cardiff City teammates with four goals and three assists this season. However, even if he is fit for this weekend, he will have a difficult match playing at Tottenham.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
i) Communicate with individuals and communities on religious matters at the national and international level
1981 Declaration of the General Assembly
Art. 6 ( i ) : The right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief includes the freedom, "To establish and maintain communications with individuals and communities in matters of religion and belief at the national and international levels."
[Go back to the Framework for communications]
Excerpts of relevant paragraphs of 25 years mandate reporting practice (1986-2011)
/CN.4/1988/45, para. 48:
"48. Lastly, the freedom to have communications in matters of religion and belief at the national and international levels also seems to be jeopardized in some cases, one illustration being the Czech priest whose contacts with members of religious orders and Polish Catholics formed the subject of charges against him by the authorities. "
E/CN.4/1996/95/Add.1, paras. 23-24, 45 and 85 (country visit to Pakistan)
"23. All passports include a reference to the religion of the holder. According to the authorities, this formality is due in part to the pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia giving rise to a need to identify applications by unauthorized Ahmadis, who are considered non-Muslims.
24. The passport application form also asks holders to identify their religion, while Muslims must state that they do not recognize Ahmadis or Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as Muslim. [...]
45. [...] Christians are also reported to be faced with administrative difficulties (such as visa formalities) on the occasion of the visits of Christian clergy and personalities from abroad. [...]
85. The Special Rapporteur also considers that no mention of religion should be included on passports, on identity card application forms or on any other administrative documents. Deletion of the statement required of Muslims regarding non-recognition of Ahmadis as Muslims in passport application forms is strongly recommended."


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Re: DISCUSSION: Central Asian Militants
Released on 2012-10-18 17:00 GMT
Email-ID | 1201854 |
Date | 2010-09-20 22:32:46 |
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the new version out for comment tomorrow.
On 9/20/2010 3:18 PM, Kamran Bokhari wrote:
It is derogatory in a way and has been seen as used such historically.
The Ottomans were the first ones to use it. Then the British. Later on
the Russians. And now the Americans. The aim was to show that it is the
handiwork of a single individual who was described as deviant from the
rest of the Muslim world. The Wahhabis themselves called themselves
muwahidoun (unitarians) or Salafists.
On 9/20/2010 3:05 PM, Reva Bhalla wrote:
yeah, that's true, but it's not in and of itself a derogatory term.
it's just the broad label they use to describe, at least from what i
On Sep 20, 2010, at 1:55 PM, Bayless Parsley wrote:
I'm not an Islamic scholar but have definitely noticed that the word
'Wahabbi' is used in insight from FSU sources almost like the word
'terrorist' was used in the early days of post-9/11 America
On 9/20/10 1:48 PM, Reva Bhalla wrote:
"wahhabi' is a derogatory russian term"
where is that coming from?
On Sep 20, 2010, at 12:55 PM, Lauren Goodrich wrote:
I think it would be good to have a big phone conference with
Eurasia, CT, MESA, Rodger & Peter. What do you think, Ben?
Peter Zeihan wrote:
On 9/17/2010 3:16 PM, Ben West wrote:
This discussion got big, there are, of course, lots more
details to pile on and lots more "hizb"s and "lashkar"s to
add to the discussion, but this just lays out the basic
dynamic of Islamist militants in central asia.
I'll repost the discussion Monday, just wanted to get it out
there for today.
Islamist Militants in Central Asia
Central Asia (southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan,
southern Kazakhstan and far western China, in this case)
forms the frontier of the Muslim world in Asia. This region
represents the northeastern most edge of Islam and,
geographically, is defined by a knot of mountain ranges that
form a buffer between China**s and Russia**s spheres of
influence. in the past the region has been an important
transit point, but the region**s rugged terrain acts as a
force multiplier for local populations seeking their own
sovereignty, complicating foreign powers** efforts to
control the region.
The core of the Central Asian region is the Fergana Valley.
id not call it the core -- it certainly is the most viable
location, but very few parts of CAsia look to it at all This
valley is the most inhabitable stretch of land in the region
and offers the strongest base of operations for exerting
control over the surrounding mountain ranges. not really,
historically the FV has barely controlled its own uplands --
whoever rules there tends to not reach all that far beyond,
or if they do they only go for the watersheds of the two
rivers Whoever controls the Fergana Valley has at least a
shot at controlling the surrounding region. As of now
however, the Fergana Valley is split, with Uzbekistan
controlling most of the basin itself, Tajikistan controlling
the most navigable entrance to the valley from the west, and
Kygyzstan controlling the high ground surrounding the
valley. This arrangement ensures that no one exerts complete
control over the region**s core, and so no one is given a
clear path to regional domination.
It also ensures that all of the three countries with a stake
in the Fergana Valley have levers against each other to
prevent any one of them from getting an advantage. Among
these levers is the manipulation of militant groups that are
able to operate out of the surrounding mountains,
challenging state control and supporting themselves off of
their control over smuggling routes criss-crossing the
region. One of the most profitable of all being Opiate based
most of (there certainly have been some who are serious
about it) The groups use Islam as their ideological cover to
recruit, rally masses and politically pressure governments
in the region. Islamic movements have long provided
inspiration that has challenged rulers in the region, dating
back to the spread of Wahhabism to Central Asia in the late
19th century. This ultra-conservative movement got a
foothold in Central Asia and slowly grew as scholars and
missionaries migrated from the Arabian peninsula (the
birthplace of Wahhabism) through India, up to the Fergana
valley, where they established mosques and schools.
Wahhabism did not become mainstream during this time period,
but did establish a fringe presence. Ironically, Wahhabism
got a significant boost from the expanding Soviet empire,
which used the fringe, radical Wahhabists to undermine and
weaken sufi? conventional Islam in Central Asia in order to
put into place secular leadership and culture.
The official secular government did not tolerate much
practice of Islam, and so Islamic groups fractured and were
forced to go underground. In this environment, Wahhabists
had the advantage of already having been more or less an
underground, grassroots movement in Central Asia. The
disruption to mainstream Islam brought on by Soviet rule
created a void of Islamic teaching and ideology that allowed
Wahhabism to flourish. While Wahhabism itself does not
necessarily preach violence, it**s ultra-conservative agenda
of reinstating the caliphate has inspired many jihadists
groups who have applied violence in an attempt to push that
agenda. (LINK:
http://www.stratfor.com/many_faces_wahhabism) fyi -
'wahhabi' is a derogatory russian term, probably best to
call them salafists
Under Gorbachev and the age of Glasnost during the 1980s,
non- state sponsored religious groups were allowed to
re-emerge in Russia and the other Soviet republics,
including Central Asia. This led to the formation of the All
Union Islamic Resistance Party (IRP), which set up
franchises within each Soviet Republic. In Central Asia,
where the Wahhabist ideology had been fermenting, the IRP
was influenced by conservative Imams whose view of Islam as
necessarily being central to state governance clashed with
local secular governments.
By 1993, all of the strongest of the IRP franchises (the
Tajikistan franchise, known as the IRPT) had been banned due
to their support for opposition forces during the Tajik
civil war. This banishment forced a split in the group and
leaders went back into hiding in the mountains of
Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and nearby Afghanistan, where many of
the more radical Islamists had already gone to take part in
the fight against the Soviets in the 1980s . Disenfranchised
by the failed attempt at politics, the fractured pieces of
the IRPT continued to oppose Dushanbe from hideouts in the
Karategin and Tavildara valleys of Tajikistan and the
northern city of Mazar-e- Sharif in Afghanistan, launching
periodic attacks on Dushanbe from these two positions.fyi -
many of the UTO (the political party name) were actually
full on westernized democrats who just happened to be muslim
- elements of the UTO were certainly violent, but the UTO
was and remains the only muslim-umbrella group to
participate peacefully in elections in the FSU
Simultaneously, Glasnost in Uzbekistan led to the formation
of groups that eventually culminated into the Islamic
Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU). While their agenda was also to
overthrow the Uzbek government and replace it with an
Islamic government, Uzbek security forces kept a lid on
their activity, forcing the group into Uzbek enclaves in
Tajikistan before pushing it further out to Afghanistan and
eventually -- in the aftermath of the US invasion in Oct
2001 (probably worth telling about kunduz) -- Pakistan. In
2009, the leader and co-founder of the IMU, Tahir Yuldashev
was killed in Northwest Pakistan. (LINK:
These militant groups managed to challenge central
governments in Central Asia during the 1990s, conducting
regular armed raids on Dushanbe and taking hostages in the
Fergana Valley. However the rise in organizational
coherence, membership and capability only proved to draw
attention from the state security forces, which prevented
any militant group from ever posing a serious threat to any
governments. in uzb, yes -- but in kyr the state never
managed to do anything, and couldn't guard their tajik
borders anyway -- the only reason the militants stopped
bugging kyr was because the leadership of the IMU was wiped
out at Kunduz in Nov 2001 Many of the militant groups
threatening the government during the 1990s moved into the
smuggling business, taking advantage of their control of
rugged terrain into and out of the Fergana Valley basin
(such as the Karategin and Tavildara valleys where Tajik
opposition forces still hold sway) to traffic lucrative
opiate based narcotics onto growing consumer markets in
Russia and Europe.btw -- - it might be worth mentioning in
here that Uzb intervened in the Taj civil war decisively
against these groups -- w/o Uzb, Taj almost certainly would
have fallen or at least split
The evolution of the Central Asian militant groups resembles
in many ways the evolution of the Taliban in Afghanistan.
Soviet regimes in both regions disrupted the established
Islamic culture in place, giving opportunities to more
radical schools of Islam space to step in and pick up the
pieces. However, the Soviet legacy is also what prevented
Central Asia from going down the same road as Afghanistan,
which saw its radical islamist movement (the Taliban)
eventually take over state control. They still conduct
attacks, but they are rarely of significant size. In August,
militants killed five guards during an operation that freed
over 70 imprisoned militants from a jail in Dushanbe, but
that was the most significant attack in the region since
2004 when suicide bombers attacked the Us and Israeli
embassies in Tashkent, along with the Uzbek Prosecutor
General**s Office. (we did a lot of searching on the OS and
this is the last significant attack we could find. Lots of
little IEDs interspersed between them, but nothing of much
size. We need to fact check this though, since I don**t
trust OS reports on Central Asia. i think ur broadly right
-- wow, didn't realize it had been that long)
While neither Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have an
enviable geopolitical position or stable past, they do have
the benefit of having over 50 years of statecraft experience
under Soviet rule. This has led to more capable, centralized
governments and more well trained, well armed security
forces yes for Uzb, no for the other two -- the other two
only do well against these groups if Uzb controls its
borders or most of them are fighting elsewhere. These assets
have helped them fend off a militant movement that has
essentially the same ideology, training and geographic
advantages as the much more successful Afghan Taliban.
So, while the Soviet system originally contributed to the
ability of violent Islamist militant groups to form in the
first place (although never underestimate the importance of
geography in this development) it also gave these countries
the tools to effectively suppress these groups, too.
again, uzb yes, the others no -- remember that these guys
now make their $$ off of smuggling -- there is no need these
days to smuggle through Taj and Kyr as easier routes have
opened up via turkmen and since their relocation south after
Kunduz, Pakistan as well -- that helps Taj/Kyr more than
Ben West
Tactical Analyst
Austin, TX
Ben West
Tactical Analyst
Austin, TX


text:
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'I believe that by restoring balance to the body using the ancient techniques of Chinese Medicine everyone can achieve physical and emotional wellbeing. By empowering the individual to take an active role in the healing process and by providing comprehensive lifestyle advice to every patient optimal health is attainable for everyone.'
- Facial Acupuncture
- Skin Health
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- Fertility - Male and Female
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- BSc Traditional Chinese Medicine: Acupuncture - University of Westminister
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- Diploma in Facial Acupuncture - Yo San University Los Angeles US
- Natural Lift Facial Massage Practitioner
- Meditation Teacher Diploma VTCT
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- NVQ Beauty Therapy with a specialist interest in organic skin care
- VTCT Diploma Massage Therapy
Facial Acupuncture Reviewed by Elle UK - Feb 2011
'I loved it. It was incredibly relaxing - I even had a nap at one point. And it did make my skin glow – the girls in the office were convinced that I was wearing foundation the next morning when I was, in fact, make-up free.'
The thought of having needles in my face made me very nervous but my therapist Laura was amazing she instantly put me at ease with her professionalism and gentle manner. She explained everything she was going to do (a full facial where needles are used instead of a mask). It was amazing the best facial I have ever had, I hardly felt the needles go in and I could feel like a calm wave of energy through my body - who knew having nearly 50 needles in my face could be so relaxing!! I was equally amazed by the results my skin was glowing, I felt totally energised - I couldn't recommend it enough - amazing you have to try it!!" Susana, 10/05/10
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- The British Acupuncture Council
- The Federation of Holistic Therapists
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- Initial Consultation - 60mins | £80.00
- Follow-Up Consultation - 45mins | £65.00
- 6 Follow-Up Sessions (6 mth expiry) |£325
Facial Acupuncture
- Facial Acupuncture Initial Consultation - 90min | £140
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- Course of 3 Follow Up Sessions (3 mth expiry) | £300
- Course of 6 Follow Up Sessions (6 mth expiry) | £600
- Initial Consultation - 60mins | £65.00
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- 6 Follow-Up Sessions (6 mth expiry) | £250.00
Laura consults at CONTENT every Thursday, Friday, Saturday.
Please phone 020 3075 1006 or email email@example.com to book an appontment.
If you would like to discuss any health matter prior to booking an appointment please contact us on 020 3075 1006 and we will arrange a time for you to have a preliminary discussion with Laura.


text:
Coles is a major food retailer in Australia with approximately 100,000 team members working across the country. Coles wanted to enable the spontaneous, free-flow of information among team members to unleash latent talents and spark innovation. It built an employee portal called mycoles by using Microsoft Office 365. mycoles is a productivity and engagement portal that empowers all team members to connect and collaborate—spontaneously, anywhere, anytime, and from any device—to share their expertise and ideas. mycoles is driving a sense of allegiance and pride in Coles that translates into superior customer service and increased business.
"Coles has been on a turnaround journey and we have emerged a transformed company that has seen double-digit growth over the last five years," says Hamish Aikman, General Manager of HR Services at Coles. "We got here by putting the customer first—providing the quality food, products, and service that customers want—and by driving operational efficiencies in the business."
Coles believes that empowering its team members has direct business benefits. "Enabling our team members to engage with each other drives a sense of belonging and pride in Coles that translates into superior customer service and increased business," says Harvey.
Coles wanted a communications platform for team members to share expertise and drive innovation through an open and easy-to-use forum for idea sharing. "I remember seeing team members in the supermarket taking photographs of the milk case on their cell phones so that they could go back to the store room and use the photo as a reference for re-stocking the shelves," says Harvey. "I realized then that we needed technology that was personal, device-oriented, and user-friendly so that people can consume and share information in a way that makes sense to them, when and where they want."
Paper-based communications compromised the efficiency of completing many HR administrative tasks. Team members had to phone or visit the HR office and fill out forms for common tasks, such as applying for a transfer, arranging for a vacation, or checking payments.
"We recognized a huge opportunity for reducing operational costs, providing time and efficiency gains to our team members and improving the service level by bringing these forms online," says Stones.
For HR to realize these incentives, the Coles IT department came forward with an ideal solution that would put team members at the heart of the business.
"Office 365 came along at the right time to accomplish two key goals," says Gemma Bailey, IT Project Manager at Coles. "From the IT perspective, we could introduce this fabulous new cloud computing model into our IT framework so that it would be ready to support any cloud initiative going forward. From the HR and operations side, we could build an easy-to-use collaboration portal that would engage the entire workforce consistently and take us well beyond the bounds of traditional corporate communications."
Microsoft Cloud Vantage Services provided deployment planning and lifecycle management assistance. "Cloud Vantage brought a lot of experience to the table and provided excellent guidance around building the supporting structures that we needed to make cloud computing work from a holistic perspective," says Bailey. "Our partner Kloud Solutions also played a key role in helping deploy and design our solution; the expertise they provided was integral to the success of our collaboration portal."
Everything that is in mycoles is a result of team members expressing a desire for it to be there. "Office 365 and mycoles bring a huge change to how we work because it is so natural and reflects how our team members function outside of their work lives," says Stones.
In November 2012, the first mycoles pilot launched in Victoria, Australia. The portal delivered pay slips electronically for 2,000 team members at 14 Coles Supermarkets, and store managers began posting their work schedules online.
"We launched to 7,000 team members in the state of South Australia," says Bailey. "We were super excited about the adoption rate: 87 percent activation across South Australia three weeks after going live."
Coles is also deploying Yammer so that team members can quickly collaborate with coworkers, share information, and work on projects. "With Yammer incorporated into mycoles, the portal will be a one-stop shop for everything that team members need to form connections around the business," says Stones.
Coles team members are sharing ideas any time of the day or night from their own devices, or from store PCs, creating a flow of spontaneous brainstorming and problem-solving that's making a difference in how Coles manages its retail operations. "The majority of our team members don't work behind a desk, so for me, the biggest advantage of Office 365 is the connections and communities that can be formed with each other anywhere at any time," says Stones. "Office 365 is a powerful tool for any business."
For example, store managers are using Yammer to share ideas with colleagues across the country about how they run their departments and Store Support Centre. "It could be about a new store layout, how to stock the aisle ends, how to decorate for holidays, or problems cleaning a meat cooler, the possibilities are endless when it comes to Yammer helping us unleash the potential of 100,000 team members," says Ed Tollinton, General Manager of Stores and Team Member IT at Coles.
"When we put Yammer and Office 365 into the hands of our workforce, it has the latent capacity to drive change and improvement at an unprecedented level at Coles," says Harvey.
"More than 80,000 team members didn't have a digital presence before, and now they do," concludes Harvey. "We use Office 365 to help support what makes Coles unique: a singular focus on supporting our team members so that they can make those moments of interaction with the millions of customers who come through our doors every day a special one."
For more information about Microsoft Office 365, go to: www.office365.com
For more information about Kloud Solutions products and services, call (61) (3) 9912 6163 or visit the website at: www.kloud.com.au
For more information about Coles products and services, call 1 800 061 562 or visit the website at: www.coles.com.au
Owned by Wesfarmers, Coles is a leading Australian food retailer. Approximately 100,000 Coles team members collectively service more than 19 million customer transactions each week.
Coles did not have an online communications solution for the majority of its team members. It wanted an online portal—accessible anywhere, anytime and from any device—to drive employee engagement and deliver better service.
Coles chose Microsoft Office 365 and Yammer to build mycoles, a portal that offers online services and enables near real-time communications so that all team members can have a voice in the business.


text:
found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Ruby Rose!
Facts about Ruby Rose
- Breed: New Zealand
- Color: Unknown
- Age: Young
- Size: Standard
- Sex: Female
- ID#: 5035624 Hair: Unknown
Ruby Rose's Info...
I am already spayed and purebred.
Ruby Rose's Story...
Ruby is a sweet and loving 3 year old girl who was "set free" by her dumb owner. She was the only lucky one of the bunch to find her way to a caring family who called us! While she was living in a hutch in her previous home, she has adapted very well to the sights and sounds of a busy house. Ruby is a funny, friendly, and playful rabbit who has a great, outgoing personality. She LOVES cranberries, her cardboard hiding house, and other animals, too! Ruby has wonderful litter box habits. What more could you ask for? Email us to find out about adopting this sweet, beautiful girl today!
Other Pets at Arkansas Pet Rabbit Network
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Ruby Rose, a Little Rock New Zealand was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a New Zealand for sale in Little Rock, or seeking a New Zealand from a breeder in Little Rock.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in Little Rock already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a Little Rock breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even New Zealand breeders who help with New Zealand rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in Little Rock paves the way for another one to be saved.


text:
An interpreter confused the al-Qaeda terrorist magazine Inspire with the US/UK men's magazine Esquire at a Guantanomo Bay pretrial hearing Friday.
The result was the Shirley Temple was named "Cocktail of the Year" and Justin Bieber was named "Sexiest Woman … Continue reading
war crimes RSS
Vagina Monologues' author Eve Ensler delivers new frank memoir about cancer, the Congo and connecting to herself.
Do you remember when you first heard about the play The Vagina Monologues?
I certainly do. It made me nervous. Because when you got right down to it I didn't even like to think about my own yoni (yes, we … Continue reading


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Sponsored by: Desert Diamond Casino
Nov 19, 2013 8:44 PM by Samantha Ptashkin
TUCSON- Across the country and in Tucson school lockdowns are becoming more frequent and the trend has many parents concerned.
The latest incident happened Tuesday morning at Cholla High School. Tucson Police say a teacher and a student noticed a male student with a metal object. They thought the metal object looked like a weapon, so they called police.
The male student got away before Police could question him. TPD put the school on lockdown for more than two hours as officers searched the campus and surrounding area. They didn't end up finding the student, but they now know his identity and they're trying to locate him to determine whether or not the metal object was a weapon.
As the lockdown was going on, Cholla H.S. parents gathered at the nearby Fred Archer Neighborhood Center to learn the latest information. "It's beyond scary," Grandparent Kimberly Rusch says. "You can't put into words how scary it is."
The good news is that nobody was hurt in Tuesday's incident. It was the same in three other recent school lockdowns.
On October 4, TPD responded to Sunnyside H.S. after two students reported seeing another student with a weapon. The student was located and questioned by detectives, who never found a weapon.
On October 23, Santa Rita H.S. was placed on lockdown after there was a report of a teen with a gun walking toward the school. TPD never found a suspicious person or weapons.
The next day, October 24, Santa Rita H.S. was placed on lockdown again after a call came in about a man seen around campus with three guns. The call turned out to be a hoax, coming from a student's cell phone. Police arrested the 14-year-old for false reporting of an emergency, disorderly conduct and interfering with or disrupting an educational institution.
On November 8, a bomb threat written on a bathroom wall at Amphi Middle School sent three Amphitheater School District campuses into lockdown. TPD did not find anything dangerous.
Sgt. Widmer says TPD has to take each threat seriously. "They're just reporting what they think they saw, so we're going to investigate that the same every time," Sgt. Widmer says.
Parents are grateful, but they're still wondering what can be done to stop so many lockdowns. "I mean if you put in metal detectors these kids think they're in prison," Rusch says. "I don't know what the answer is."
Here is a complete list of weapons related incidents at Tucson-area schools since August 2013:
August 9: Hedricks Elementary School is placed on lockdown because of a nearby home invasion.
August 12: A Pueblo H.S. student accidentally fires off a gun inside the school. The school was not put on lockdown since the situation was contained almost immediately.
August 19: Tully Elementary is placed on lockdown as officers take down a burglary ring in a neighborhood near the school.
September 12: Amphi H.S. is placed on lockdown because of a domestic dispute in a nearby apartment complex.
October 1: Catalina H.S. Student Tyler Renfro, 17, is arrested for pulling out an air soft gun and pocket knife, then threatening other students, forcing the school to go on lockdown.
October 4: Two Sunnyside H.S. students report seeing another student with a weapon, officers locate the student, but don't find any weapons.
October 23: There is a report of a teenager with gun walking toward Santa Rita H.S. TPD never finds any suspicious person or weapon.
November 8: Three schools in the Amphitheater School District are placed on lockdown after a bomb threat is found written on a bathroom wall at Amphi Middle School. TPD never finds any bomb or dangerous weapon inside the school.
November 8: Sewell Elementary School is placed on lockdown after a man threatens to kill the principal.
November 19: Cholla H.S. is placed on lockdown after a teacher and student sees a male student pull out a metal object, which they say looks like a gun.
1 hour ago


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So finally got my EXP report in the mail... and boy oh boy has Amex been SP'ing me.... they did not SP TU or EQ.... but they've SP'ed Exp about five or so times since account opening on Oct 1st. I also noticed that they SP'ed me once about two weeks before I actually applied and was approved for my BCE.... maybe that means they were planning to offer me credit anyway??
I also noticed that the SP entry says "Amex CIC".. and I know in the insurance business that CIC means Certified Insurance Counselor.. so perhaps the people making account review decisions are Insurance professionals?? Ahh, how I love insurance and Risk Mgmt!
HMMM.. either way... my util is actually a percent or two lower since my Discover with a $1k bal hasn't report yet and likely won't til my 61 day 3xcli for Amex becomes due!! haha!! I also received $12,000 in CLIs this month, but that likely won't report til after the 3xcli 61day mark either!
haha.. if Amex wants to play dirty, so can I ;-)
They want to watch me, then I will watch them watching me ;-)
11-15-2012 10:24 AM - edited 11-15-2012 10:25 AM
How does one find out if AMEX has been Soft Pulling them? I would like a full report myself.
Amex's SP's and FR is just the way they handle their business (I honestly can't blame them).
"AMEX CIC" is what it says if you have the credit secure thing subscription with them. Do you?
Oh.. I do actually... so then is that not them pulling my report? lol
I had a few SP's that were just "Amex" without the CIC thing....
You have to order your full report from Exp. If you've been denied credit based on an Exp Report or need to dispute anything, you can get it for free...
I always get reports for free LOL.. there is always some way to get it for free thanks to the CARD Act :-)
No big deal. They can soft pull you to their heart's content, you are the only one who sees them anyway.
myFICO is the consumer division of FICO. Since its introduction 20 years ago, the FICO® Score has become a global standard for measuring credit risk in the banking, mortgage, credit card, auto and retail industries. 90 of the top 100 largest U.S. financial institutions use the FICO Score to make consumer credit decisions.
>> About myFICO


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Jan 7, 2014 9:44 PM by Pearce Bley, KSBY News
With the dry air conditions and lack of rainfall on the Central Coast, water conservation is a major concern.
The Paso Robles Agricultural Alliance for Groundwater Solutions (PRAAGS) and PRO Water Equity are looking to create a new water district near the Paso Robles Basin. Both groups feel they've developed a governing body for the district that gives all landowners in the area an equal voice.
The board of directors for the district would consist of nine members. Three would be elected by the residents of Paso Robles while the other six would be elected by landowners in the district.
Two of the six elected by landowners would represent landowners of fewer than 40 acres, two would represent those that own between 40 and 400 acres and two would represent landowners with 400 or more acres of property.
PRAAGS and PRO Water Equity will be working with San Luis Obispo County's Local Agency Formation Commission over the next few months to gain approval. Even if successful, partial control of the basin will remain with the county because of existing state law.
Offensive or inappropriate comments are subject to removal. To report a comment, please e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com, and include the name of the story and information on the comment.
Thank you! KSBY.com
3 hours ago


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Carolina Back Institute Now Offers Botox Injections!
Carolina Back Institute is the region's premiere center for non-surgical spine and joint care. We treat chronic and acute pain of the back, neck, and extremities. We have locations in Raleigh & Cary.
Due to the snow and ice, Carolina Back Institute will be closed today. Please be sure to give us a call before your appointment to ensure we are readily available. Thank you very much for your understanding!
TMJ disorders are those affecting the temporomandibular joint, or the large joint located in front of each ear which connects the lower jaw bone to the skull. Individuals suffering from a TMJ disorder may experience a number of symptoms, including pain and stiffness in the jaw muscles, chronic headaches, ear pain, neck and shoulder pain, and a clicking or popping that occurs when opening or closing the mouth. Continue reading to learn how your pain management doctor may diagnose a TMJ disorder.
Patient Medical History Questionnaire
As with any other medical problem, the first step in diagnosing a disorder of the temporomandibular joint is to provide your doctor with in-depth information about your family and personal history. This will typically require you to complete a patient medical questionnaire, including information about your symptoms, family history of disease, previous surgeries, current medications, and lifestyle factors.
Physical Examination
After reviewing your symptoms and patient history, your doctor will perform a clinical examination of your head and neck. Even if your doctor suspects that you are suffering from a TMJ disorder based on this information and the findings of your physical examination, they will typically order various imaging tests to obtain a final diagnosis.
Imaging Scans
There are several imaging methods that your pain management doctor may utilize in order to diagnose a TMJ disorder. This includes bitewing and panoramic dental X-rays, CT scans, and an MRI or magnetic resonance imaging scan. MRIs are typically the most beneficial of these methods.
Whether you are interested in undergoing a diagnostic nerve block, radiological imaging, or treatment for TMJ, the Carolina Back Institute is here to help. Give our pain relief center a call at (919) 781-9950 to set up an appointment, or visit us online for more information about our services. We also offer treatment for back pain, tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and many other musculoskeletal conditions.
Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones lose their density, ultimately becoming more fragile and increasing the likelihood of breakage. This video provides an overview of osteoporosis and menopause.
Osteoporosis usually has no symptoms, but you can help identify your risk by undergoing a DEXA scan, or a screening tool used to differentiate the amount of normal bone from deteriorating bone. It is recommended that all women over the age of 65 undergo a DEXA scan—as well as premenopausal women who are at high-risk for osteoporosis, including those who have a low body weight, smoke, drink alcohol in excess, or take steroids. Learn which steps you can take to reduce your chances of osteoporosis by watching this video.
Contact the Carolina Back Institute today at (919) 781-9950 to set up an appointment for a bone density scan. To find out more about our services, visit us on the Web.
Workplace accidents are among some of the leading causes of personal injury in the United States, and can happen to construction workers and office employees alike. On-the-job accidents may lead to a number of injuries and musculoskeletal conditions, such as overuse injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome or degenerative disc disease, as well as traumatic injuries like broken bones and torn ligaments.
If you have suffered an injury or illness due to your work conditions, you may be eligible for workers' compensation benefits. In order to apply for benefits, however, your employer will require medical documentation outlining the extent of your injuries and required treatments. For this reason, it is important to visit with a pain management or pain relief doctor as soon as possible following a workplace injury. Visiting with a doctor will also ensure that you obtain the physical therapy or other pain management treatments you need to get back on your feet.
For more information about recovering after an on-the-job injury, contact the Carolina Back Institute today at (919) 781-9950. You can also contact our pain management doctors by visiting us on the Web.


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By Gabrielle. Photos taken April 2012 — Ralph and Olive on the Eiffel Tower.
Oh my goodness. Ben and I arrived home from Sweden yesterday afternoon, just in time for a remarkable week for our family. We have two birthdays this week — Olive and Ralph. We have the first day of school (it's today!). And we'll be traveling to Utah as a family this coming Friday to celebrate my mom's 70th birthday.
But more impactful than any of that: two of our kids will be exchange students this fall, and they are flying off this week! I find myself crying elephant tears while I type this because the reality of them leaving feels so big. I can honestly say, I'm over the top happy that they'll get this experience, and at the same time my heart tightens and I catch my breath trying to imagine the house without them.
Keep reading, more good stuff ahead.
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