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Usually I try to begin weeks here at GLS on a positive, upbeat note. That would seem to be especially fitting since I'm in a jovial mood following a long weekend here in the great nation of Canada that involved copious amounts of brown beverage consumption, and a lot of time spent wearing the minimum amount of clothes allowable.
And while today's item that leads our daily journey through the interconnecting blue words that provide us with infotainment isn't necessarily bad or depressing news, it's a little, well, confusing, even if it's also quite predictable. For the source of this confusion, let's turn to the continued battle against legalized gambling in the land of the free.
You see, New Jersey would like to gamble legally. Currently four states allow legalized sports gambling — Nevada (duh), Oregon, Delaware, and Montana — and instead of opposing a ban implemented in 1992, back in May New Jersey governor Chris Christie said the state would simply start allowing gambling. Essentially he was and still is saying a very emphatic screw you while raising a few cans of Bud to the roof and screaming "hell yeah!".
Welp, Christie anticipated a backlash by the four major sports and especially the NFL and NCAA. Countdown to blacklash: 3…2…1….
The NCAA and the four major professional sports leagues (MLB, NBA, NFL and the NHL) today filed a complaint against New Jersey state officials in federal court in Trenton, NJ seeking to stop the state from implementing sports betting on pro and college games.
The leagues and the NCAA assert that the state's recently announced decision to offer sports betting violates long-standing federal law. The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ("PASPA") became law in 1992 and prohibits states from operating a lottery or betting scheme based on pro or college games. This law is also known as the "Bradley Act" for its proponent, then New Jersey Senator Bill Bradley.
That's part of the official press release outlining the seething anger that prompted a lawsuit today. Hmmm, today, only a few days after the first NFL preseason game (which people unbelievably bet on), and a few days before many more teams open their preseason schedules on Thursday. Oh, and just over three weeks before NCAA football starts.
Yes, friends, the football money making machine is churning, and it's powered by dirty mob money. No one wants that, right?
The NFL sort of seems to, a preference indicated with the league's participation in this lawsuit. I have to let you in on an industry secret, and you should probably sit down for this, although I'm not quite sure why you were standing up. People will always gamble, and if a legal avenue isn't available, an illegal one will work just fine, whether it's through a bookie or an offshore account.
Gambling has always been the dirty secret the NFL has silently acknowledged. Injury reports aren't made mandatory Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday for fans. They're for fans of gambling, and fans of making money off wagers that are somewhat controlled, but mostly arbitrary. The lines for every game during every week of every season are also widely available on the constantly scrolling tickers of the major networks. There are no secrets here.
By fighting a clear driver of NFL interest that they know exists, the league is really only pushing a known lucrative business further into dark, dirty shadows. Like, say, the ones in the very state of New Jersey, where crime families have been profiting off of the NFL.
From U.S. News:
Recently in New Jersey, 13 members and associates of the Genovese organized crime family were charged in a scheme to use an overseas sports betting website to run an illegal online sports gambling operation. This perfect storm is made possible by federal laws that essentially give organized crime and overseas interests a virtual monopoly on sports wagering in the 46 states that are prohibited from setting up legal sports wagering.
Legalizing sports wagering recognizes the inevitable—that people are going to bet on sports, whether the practice is legal or not, and that we should provide a safe and legal avenue for them to bet on their favorite teams. By mainstreaming sports wagering, we can take some of the power away from organized crime and offshore Internet operators, and put it in the regulated hands of existing casino and racetrack operators. And we can create new jobs and new economic opportunities for our ailing gaming establishments.
The solution proposed there sounds like a scenario where everyone wins, except the NFL, because only the NFL can make money off of the NFL's product.
- Usain Bolt is kind of fast. Kind of really fast. But he couldn't run a sub 4.0 in the 40-yard dash, because no one can according to the foremost 40-yard dash expert, a title that actually exists. [NFL.com]
- Stay away from LeGarrette Blount in fantasy drafts. Just stay the hell away. [Chris Wesseling on Twitter]
- Another running back who's been highly touted as a potential sleeper is getting off to a slow start, as Ronnie Hillman has been limited by a hamstring injury. [Denver Post]
- Drinking will always make fans want to attend football games says Dan Snyder, sort of. [D.C. Sports Bog]
- Mike Lupica is eager to be the latest columnist to write at length about a training camp fight while also saying that training camp fights are commonplace, thus making his training camp fight diatribe meaningless. [New York daily News]
- DeAngelo Williams wants you to come up with his next touchdown dance. Of course, for one to dance after a touchdown, a touchdown must first be scored. [Facebook]
- Fred Jackson thinks he's a top five running back. If he stays healthy, he's probably right. [PFT]
- In the least shocking news in the history of time, Brandon Weeden has officially been named Cleveland's starting quarterback. [CBS]
- There's still been no contact between the Steelers and Mike Wallace, and there won't be until he caves and signs his tender, which is the only course of action that will allow him to play football this year. [Sports Radio Interviews]


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The words "Great Over-Soul and Inter-Heart" were written by Mary Safford (1895) and edited by Eugene B. Navias to be sung to the tune Duke Street L.M., Hymn 35 in Singing the Living Tradition.
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Hymn: Great Over-Soul and Inter-Heart
Great Over-Soul and Inter-Heart,
Of whom we feel ourselves a part,
To whom all souls forever tend,
Our Father, Mother, nearest Friend.
This church with love to thee we bring,
And while our spirits inly* sing,
We pray that it may ever be
A Home for all who seek for thee.
The home of faith in all things true,
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The home of love that yearns to bless.
The home of truth and righteousness.
Long may it stand, the outward sign
Of that indwelling Life divine,
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And draws them ever nearer thee.
*The word "inly" was in common usage in Mary Safford's day and means inwardly, intimately, thoroughly.
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Switronix XP-L90S is a V-Mount Lithium Ion battery offering a power gauge, information storage and a 2 pin output connector. It runs at 14.8VDC with a 98Wh capacity.
A "GP-S V-Mount" battery plate is required for mounting this battery to a camera. Some cameras, such as the bigger, shoulder mount Sony cameras, come already equipped with a GP-S plate. Smaller prosumer cameras cannot take on this battery via a GP-S plate because they feature too low of a voltage. For such cases, Switronix offers cables that regulate the voltage. One such cable is the XP-DV-S20. A GP-S plate isn't required when employing a cable.
Chemistry | Lithium-Ion |
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Master of the Getty Epistles French, about 1520 - 1530 Tempera colors and gold paint on parchment Leaf: 6 1/2 x 4 1/16 in. MS. LUDWIG I 15, FOL. 5V
The apostle Paul stands reading an open book before a spacious setting of meandering hills dotted with architectural structures. Voluminous drapery cannot conceal his rather strong and muscular body. An elaborate architectural frame reminiscent of the frames of contemporary Italian altarpieces reinforces the saint's majestic presence. This small painting in a book achieves a monumentality usually associated with larger independent paintings hung on a wall. From the art of the Italian Renaissance, particularly that of Michelangelo, the Master of the Getty Epistles learned to make powerful figures like Paul. From Flemish masters, the artist learned to set his figures within a deep panoramic landscape.


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Hi - I have very limited knowledge of shade plants, and would like something to plant along the north side of my house to go along with bleeding hearts. I like the bleeding hearts in the spring and early summer, but by now, they are turning brown and scraggly and I think I need something that could be planted with them to keep that area looking nice throughout the summer. I originally went with them because I was given a whole bunch of roots for free.
I'm in zone 4, little precipitation (although I do water weekly, I don't want plants that would require more than that), and heavy clay soil. Any suggestions? Thank you : ) |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by dirtdoctortoo z4b/5a IA (My Page) on Sat, Jul 30, 05 at 22:30
They heavy clay may be a problem but it can't be too bad if the bleeding heart will grow there. I haven't had success with my heavy clay soil and bleeding heart. Here's a quick list that I can think of: I remember there was a thread a while ago on invasive ground covers for dry shade. Are you looking for a ground cover or something that bushes up and hides the tired bleeding hearts? Vinca and dead nettle don't grow tall. I'm sure lots of other people can come up with a more comprehensive list. Good luck. mmo |
I have heavy clay soil here too. I've planted a couple Japanese Painted Ferns on the north side of the house. They do very well there and don't seem to spread. I also like some of the smaller hostas with lots of white in their leaves. Both of these look very nice with the bleeding hearts. I put a few Rozanne hardy geraniums along the front edge of the border. They look more like a ground cover with their "winding" ways but are not invasive and bloom like crazy right up to the first hard frost. Good luck with whatever you plant! |
- Posted by knottyceltic S/W Ontario 6a (My Page) on Sun, Jul 31, 05 at 8:39
I have pretty much all shade at my house b/c there are woods on the south side and the north side is obvsiouly all shade and the east and west sides are shaded most of the day. I grow Bleeding Hearts, daylilies, hostas (June, Krossa Regal, AbbaDabbaDo, WhirlWind, Ghost Spirit, Halcyon, Undulata AlboMarginata, Gold Standard, Twist of Lime, Queen Jospehine etc...), spiderwort, ferns (ostrich, autumn, male fern, lady fern, Japanese Painted, Royal, Holly, Christmas, Harts Tongue, Tatting and Crested Wood), irises, globeflowers, butterfly weed, purple speedwell. Everything blooms nicely despite the shade. Barb |
Thanks for all the suggestions - I will look into them more. I'm not really sure if I want groundcover or something taller - I just know that the bleeding hearts are looking pretty sad right now and I'd like to improve the look on that side of the house. |
There is nothing like a snowball hydrangea with a bleeding heart. I have them close together and beautiful. As my bleeders shrival, the hydrangeas explode. In Minnesota we are in a drought too and the hydrangeas are looking great. Its also maintenance free too. Zone 4 |
Thanks for the recommendation on the snowball hydrangeas! How tall do they get for you, and do they die back to the ground each year in zone 4? I saw some today at a local nursery, and they were very pretty, but $30 each . . . I might have to buy some smaller ones online I think! |
- Posted by Shirley1md 7 (My Page) on Sun, Aug 28, 05 at 12:08
Astilbes, Lily-of-the-Valley, Hostas & Ferns |
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Because of the divisive nature of the American League MVP vote, the National League ballot slipped under the radar – a tragedy as it featured no less than five legitimate contenders for Best the NL crown. In the end, the award went to Buster Posey of the San Francisco Giants. A worthy winner from the eventual World Series champions.
The reasoning for Posey's selection relative to the choice of Cabrera over Trout is very interesting indeed. Ryan Braun offensive numbers dwarfed Posey's in every way, hitting more home runs while posting a higher on base percentage and counting more RBI. Posey's team made the playoffs while Braun is a quasi-disgraced reported drug abuser. Posey also predominantly plays behind the plate, a positional adjustment even the most regressive of game story crafter cannot ignore.
Andrew McCutchen also posted terrific numbers for an also-ran club in Pittsburgh while Yadier Molina posted great catcher numbers for a playoff team – not to mention his superlative defensive reputation. Even Chase Headley's numbers stand out when his cavernous ballpark is considered.
In the end, the safe vote was Posey because it was, realistically, the correct vote.
And the Rest
The down ballot nonsense was extra crazy this year. Beyond the Boxscore gets inside the votes with their numbery goodness. [BtBs]
Our friend Kevin Kaduk with a terrific breakdown of how the Trout/Cabrera vote split, with word from each and every voter. [Big League Stew]
Grant Brisbee – apostate [Brisbee Nation]
Andrew Baggerly ensures Buster Posey's undercarriage is spic and span. [CSN Bay Area]
Get your Hardball Times Annual while it's hot! [Hardball Times]
Matt Garza is ready to go and now his old friend The Fat Catcher is in the mix! [Chicago Sun-Times]
BJ Upton met with both the Braves and the Phillies. Somebody is going to get RICH [MLBTR]
David Schoenfield ranks Posey's MVP season as one of the best catcher years of all time. [ESPN Sweetspot]
Joe Posnanski gonna Joe Pa. Wait, that is NOT an appropriate nickname for him. [Joe Blog]
You wanna know why Trout deserves the MVP more than Miggy? His highlight reel is WAY COOLER.


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Mark Emery Roman
Position: DB
Height: 5-11 Weight: 200 lbs.
Born: March 26, 1977 in Lafayette, LA
High School: New Iberia
College: LSU (school history)
Drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 2nd round (34th overall) of the 2000 NFL Draft.
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 38 (2356th overall since 1950)
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The poly pride flag consists of three equal horizontal colored stripes with a symbol in the center of the flag. The colors of the stripes, from top to bottom, are as follows: blue, representing the openness and honesty among all partners with which we conduct our multiple relationships; red, representing love and passion; and black, representing solidarity with those who, though they are open and honest with all participants of their relationships, must hide those relationships from the outside world due to societal pressures. The symbol in the center of the flag is a gold Greek lowercase letter 'pi', as the first letter of 'polyamory'. The letter's gold color represents the value that we place on the emotional attachment to others, be the relationship friendly or romantic in nature, as opposed to merely primarily physical relationships.
This design is in the public domain. If you decide to use it, credit to Jim Evans would be nice, but is not required.


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Patt Morrison for July 6, 2010
AIG and Goldman Sachs take the hot seat
Alex Wong/Getty Images
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission continues its hunt for those responsible for the 2008 financial meltdown
Derivatives, derivatives, derivatives: that was the hot topic at the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission last week. The bipartisan group tasked with figuring out how our economy melted down called on executives from AIG, Goldman Sachs, scholars, and regulators to help explain what the heck a derivative is and why they played a role in the collapse of our economy. If you have ever wondered what the notional value of over-the-counter derivatives were in 2008, the answer is $684 trillion. That's trillion with a "t". According to the chairman of the commission, that's ten times the GDP of all nations. David examines all this risky business.
Phil Angelides, chairman, Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission


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Trust is important in all workplace relationships.
There are some roles and professions where trust is critical.
For instance, can you imagine being a firefighter, and not being able to trust other firefighters on your team? Or, a doctor, and not being able to trust certain nurses or physicians in the emergency room?
People who have jobs like this need to be able to trust the people they work with. Without that trust, lives can, and likely will, be lost.
When you trust the people you work with and do business with, you can work together seamlessly. You're more effective; you're happy to take worthwhile risks; and you can work securely, knowing that your co-workers will support you – just as you will support them.
In this article we're looking at trust – what it is, why it's important, and how you can develop it. We'll also explore what you can do to rebuild trust if it's been lost.
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Tandem mass spectrometry for glycan and oxidation researchOur new carbonyl-reactive aminoxyTMT™ (Tandem Mass Tag™) Label Reagents enable multiplexed characterization and quantitation of carbonyl-containing biomolecules (carbohydrates, steroids, oxidized proteins) by mass spectrometry (MS). For glycobiology MS applications, the reagents enable quantitative profiling of glycan isoforms and discovery of glycan biomarkers; they provide improved ionization of labeled glycans for increased sensitivity and better retention of labeled glycans by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC).The aminoxyTMT reagents may be used to quantify a broad range of biologically important molecules including carbohydrates, steroids, or oxidized proteins. Highlights:
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The 10 Best Performances in the Nike Dunk
The Dunk was created by Nike as a signature shoe for the nation's top college programs in 1985 following the release of the Air Force 1 in 1982 and success of the Air Jordan 1 earlier that year. The Dunk borrowed its high leather upper and perforated vamp from the Air Force 1, giving it the appearance of being a very similar shoe. However, it also had some of its own innovations that made it uniquely suited for the college game.
Since collegiate players often attack with more pace than their NBA counterparts, the Dunk featured a lower profile outsole compared to the Air Force 1. This change reduced the overall weight of the shoe and kept players closer to the ground and more attuned with the action on the court, thus making it a favorite of some of the nation's best young point guards.
The Dunk's "Be True To Your School" campaign became its hallmark as the shoes were routinely seen on the feet of some of the country's best college players during the 1985-86 and 1986-87 seasons, with some players even continuing to wear them in 1987-88. Here are the 10 Best Performances in the Nike Dunk.
Doug Sibor contributes to Sneaker Report, Complex Media, and Bleacher Report, and can often be found shuttling between Fenway Park, Gillette Stadium and TD Garden. If you wish to discuss sports, sneakers, reality TV or acceptable meats to use as pizza toppings, follow him here.
RELATED: The 10 Best Performances in Nike Air Force 1s
RELATED: The 10 Best Performances in the Air Jordan I


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Plastics Processing
January 2003
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Krauss-Maffei, a global manufacturer of machinery and systems for processing plastics, specializes in advanced engineering for injection molding, reaction processing, and extrusion. A brochure, Perspectives for Plastics Processing, Innovative Production Systems from Krauss-Maffei, details the company's offerings and describes its services worldwide.
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text:
Blog | Comments |
WoW | 263 Comments |
Recent Comments:
The Queue: Attack of the Killer Tomatoes {WoW}
Apr 4th 2012 1:16PM By that I mean Agi sword, as recommended by Alex.
The Queue: Attack of the Killer Tomatoes {WoW}
Apr 4th 2012 1:15PM If a monk uses a 1H sword, what's their off-hand?
Mists of Pandaria Beta: New glyphs {WoW}
Mar 22nd 2012 2:04PM WTB sorted by class. ;)
The Queue: Written pandaren {WoW}
Mar 20th 2012 5:59PM Did we find out what Tier token the Monk class will be using?
3 things that need to change about WoW's auction house {WoW}
Mar 16th 2012 3:58PM Solution - create Daily quests that reward items, not gold. For example, crafting mats.
So even if inflation increases, players (like new players) can circumvent the AH inflation prices by doing dailies for items instead of having to do more dailies for the devalued gold.
The Queue: Hat Trick {WoW}
Mar 9th 2012 11:08AM If the hypothetical server merges worked like that, it would fix the problem of people wanting more characters per server. Just log into the "other" server and create a new character.
Is PvP gear good enough for heroics? {WoW}
Mar 5th 2012 7:00PM There's really no need to transfer conquest to valor because it's so easy to cap weekly valor as it is.
Unless you're suggesting that people be able to go over the valor weekly cap by spending conquest points, in which case I say - it'll never happen. Blizzard has never wanted people to feel the obligation to pvp in order to earn pve rewards. Bliz know that as long as there is a way to make your character better in pve, people will do that - top raiding guilds will be obligated to do it if they want to lead progression. And Blizzard has been trying to lessen those obligations for a while now. That's the whole reason that they turned raids from 25 and 10 separate lockouts into one lockout and the reason they capped valor in the first place.
Phat Loot Phriday: Helm of Maddening Whispers {WoW}
Mar 5th 2012 1:41PM Why are people so opposed to convenience?
Phat Loot Phriday: Helm of Maddening Whispers {WoW}
Mar 2nd 2012 5:21PM Please put the item link before the cut.
Are pure DPS classes really just another form of hybrid in disguise? {WoW}
Feb 27th 2012 6:16PM If you're going to be needed in two specs that require separate pieces of gear, then you need to acquire that gear. If you can explain it here, you can explain it to your raid leader. If the alternative is to be dropped from your raid, then make your case. It's the same case that a hybrid makes for offspec gear.
If I were raid leading and you came to me with that argument, I would agree to you collecting a second set of rogue gear at the same priority as my hybrids collect their second set of raid gear.


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Agencies & Liaison
Department of Justice/EOIR
FR Regulations and Notices
2008 - 2007
2008 - 2007
DOJ Publishes Final Rule on Professional Conduct for Practitioners
EOIR published a final rule adopting, in part, the proposed changes to the rules and procedures concerning the standards of representation and professional conduct for practitioners who appear before EOIR. (73 FR 76914, 12/18/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08121762.
DOJ Publishes Final Rule on Voluntary Departure
DOJ published a final rule amending its regulations regarding voluntary departure. (73 FR 76927, 12/18/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08121761.
DOJ Final Rule on DNA Collection in Federal Jurisdictions
This DOJ final rule directs federal agencies to collect DNA samples from individuals who are arrested, facing charges, or convicted, and from non-U.S. persons who are detained under the authority of the U.S. subject to certain limitations and exceptions. (73 FR 74932, 12/10/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08121065.
DOJ Publishes 2008 Semiannual Regulatory Agenda
DOJ published its fall 2008 regulatory agenda. (73 FR 71392, 11/24/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08112478.
EOIR Information Collection on Forms EOIR-42A and EOIR-42B
EOIR issued an information collection on Form EOIR-42A, Application for Cancellation of Removal for Certain Permanent Residents, and Form EOIR-42B, Adjustment of Status for Certain Nonpermanent Residents. Comments are due 12/22/08. (73 FR 70675, 11/21/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08112460.
FBI Proposed Rule on Fees for Criminal History Record Information Checks
FBI proposed rule on fees for providing fingerprint-based and name-based Criminal History Record Information (CHRI) checks. Comments were due 8/18/08. (73 FR 34905, 6/19/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08092668.
FBI Proposed Rule on Name Check Program Fees
The FBI issued a proposed rule explaining the methodology used to calculate the revised name-based checks conducted by the Records Management Division (RMD) in the National Name Check Program (NNCP) and provides a proposed fee schedule. Comments are due 11/25/08. (73 FR 55794, 9/26/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08092666.
EOIR Revised Information Collection on Form EOIR-42A and EOIR-42B
EOIR issued a revised information collection for Forms EOIR-42A, Application for Cancellation of Removal, and EOIR-42B, Adjustment of Status for Certain Nonpermanent residents. Comments are due 11/14/08. (73 FR 53282, 9/15/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08091562.
EOIR Revised Information Collection on Form EOIR-26
EOIR issued a revised information collection on Form EOIR-26, Notice of Appeal from a Decision of an Immigration Judge. Comments are due 11/14/08. (73 FR 53281, 9/15/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08091561.
EOIR Proposes Changes to Standards of Representation and Professional Conduct
EOIR proposes to change the rules and procedures concerning the standards of representation and professional conduct for attorneys and other practitioners who appear before the EOIR. Comments are due by September 29, 2008. (73 FR 44178, 7/30/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08080663.
EOIR Publishes Proposed Rule on Professional Conduct for Practitioners
EOIR published a proposed rule to change the rules and procedures concerning standards of representation and professional conduct for attorneys and practitioners appearing before immigration judges and the Board of Immigration Appeals. (73 FR 44280, 7/30/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08072960.
EOIR Final Rule on Expansion of BIA and Temporary Board Members
EOIR issued a final rule amending regulations to add four Board member positions, expanding the Board to 15 members, and expanding the list of people eligible to serve as temporary Board members, effective immediately. (73 FR 33875, 6/16/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08061767.
EOIR Proposed Rule Amending Administrative Review Procedures of BIA
EOIR proposed a rule to amend the BIA's administrative review procedures regarding the issuance of an affirmance without opinion, referral for panel review, and publication of decisions as precedents. Comments are due 8/18/08. (73 FR 34654, 6/18/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08061762.
EOIR Extends Comment Period on Fee Waiver Request Form
EOIR extended the comment period, without change, for the Fee Waiver Request form. Comments are due 7/7/08. (73 FR 32361, 6/6/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08060961.
DOJ Issues Proposed Rule on DNA Sample Collection
DOJ published a proposed rule that directs agencies that arrest individuals to collect DNA samples, including from detained foreign nationals. Comments are due 30 days. (73 FR 21083, 4/18/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08041767.
EOIR Publishes Revised Information Collection on Change of Address Form
EOIR published a revised information collection on Form 33/BIA, Change of Address Form for the BIA and Form 33/IC, Change of Address for Immigration Court. Comments are due 6/3/08. (73 FR 18571, 4/4/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08040468.
DOJ Final Rules Raise Civil Monetary Penalties for Employers
DOJ published final rules raising civil monetary penalties for employers who violate employment eligibility verification requirements. They are effective 3/27/08. (73 FR 10130, 2/26/08)
AILA Doc. No. 08022660.
EOIR Proposes Rule to Amend Regulations on Voluntary Departure
EOIR proposed a rule to require that a motion to reopen or reconsider filed before the expiration of a voluntary departure period automatically terminate the VD grant. On 12/3/07 briefs are due in the Supreme Court case on the same issue,
Dada v. Keisler
AILA Doc. No. 07112965.
EOIR Issues Notice on Codes of Conduct for IJs and BIA Board Members
EOIR issued a notice proposing newly formulated Codes of Conduct for immigration judges of the Office of the Chief Immigration Judge and for the Board members of the BIA. Comments are due in 30 days. (72 FR 35510, 6/28/07)
AILA Doc. No. 07062868.
DOJ Publishes Spring Semiannual Regulatory Agenda
The DOJ published its spring semi annual regulatory agenda. The agenda outlines current and projected rulemaking efforts by the agency and provides an estimated timetable for each item. (72 FR 22773, 4/30/07)
AILA Doc. No. 07050170.
EOIR Proposes Rule on Jurisdiction and Venue in Removal Proceedings
EOIR published a proposed rule that would amend DOJ regulations addressing jurisdiction and venue in removal proceedings. Comments are due 4/27/07. (72 FR 14494, 3/28/07)
AILA Doc. No. 07041265.


text:
Browsing ESL Theses and Dissertations by Issue Date
Now showing items 1-20 of 29
Next Page →-
Katipamula, Srinivas (December 1989)[more][less]
Abstract: An experimental and analytical study concerned with the transient performance of heat pumps is presented. A series of tests were performed to study and characterize the transient sensible and dehumidification performance of a heat pump in the cooling node. All the tests were conducted according to the ASHRAE Standard (1983). The effects of indoor dry-bulb temperature (72 to 80 F), indoor relative humidity (20 to 67%), outdoor dry-bulb temperature (82 to 100 F), cycling rate (0.8 to 10 cph) and percent ON-time (20 to 95%) on the transient performance (sensible and latent capacity, efficiency and sensible heat ratio) are addressed in this study. The results indicated that part load factor (PLF) can be as low as 0.65 at low percent ON-times and high cycling rates. The combination of low percent ON-times and high cycling rates produced maximum cyclic losses. The dehumidification process usually started between 60 to 150 seconds after start-up depending on the indoor ambient conditions, percent ON-time and cycling rate. The sensible and latent capacity response and part load efficiency of the heat pump increased with an increase in indoor relative humidity. There was a slight increase in PLF with indoor dry-bulb temperature. The outdoor dry-bulb temperature did not have any effect on the transient performance. Based on the functional relationship of PLF and coefficient of degradation (C_D) with the five independent variables a multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the experimental data. The analysis yielded two general equations to predict PLF and C_D. A lumped parameter heat pump transient analysis computer model was developed, which drew upon methodologies from the earlier models by Chi and Didion [1982] and Oak Ridge National Laboratory [1981]. The model was capable of simulating the transient response of a vapor compression air-to-air heat pump commonly used in residential applications. The simulated results were in good agreement with the laboratory results at high percent ON-times (> 20) and high relative humidities (> 45).
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6424 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-89-12-02.pdf (4.150Mb) -
Farzad, Mohsen (August 1990)[more][less]
Abstract: An experimental and analytical study concerned with the off-design refrigerant charging of air conditioners is presented. A series of experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of refrigerant charge and type of expansion device on the system performance (capacity, EER, SEER, etc.) of an air conditioner. All experiments were performed according to the ASHRAE Standard [1983]. The effects of off-design refrigerant charge in the system, type of expansion device (capillary tube, TXV, and short-tube orifice), and outdoor dry-bulb temperature (82° to l00°F) on the wet and dry steady state and cyclic tests are addressed in this study. The fully charged condition was established as a base case for all the expansion device systems. A full charge was obtained by charging the unit to the superheat or subcooled condition specified by the manufacturer charging chan. Once the full charge was determined, refrigerant was then added in 5% increments from -20% of full charge to +20% of full charge to cover the full range of charging conditions for a particular expansion device being tested. The investigation of off-design charging indicated that the system performance variables (total capacity, EER, and SEER) of the unit with capillary tube were more sensitive to off-design charging than the systems with TXV and short-tube orifice. From -20% to +20% charging, the capacity and EER showed a strong dependence on the outdoor temperature, but varied little with charge for the TXV and short-tube orifice expansion systems. A -20% charging resulted in a 21% reduction in SEER while a +20% charging produced an 11% reduction in SEER for the unit with capillary tube. For the TXV, SEER dropped 2% and 8% for -20% and +20% refrigerant charging, respectively. The SEER was constant at 9.4 for all the charging condition except for -5% charging where it peaked to 9.9 for the short-tube orifice expansion system. This trend would suggest that the range of sensitivity of a short-tube orifice system is confined within a small refrigerant charge. A new heat exchanger model based on tube-by-tube simulation was developed and integrated into the ORNL heat pump model. The model was capable of simulating the steady state response of a vapor compression air-to-air heat pump and air conditioner commonly used in residential applications. The simulated results were compared with laboratory tests at two outdoor temperatures. It was found that the ORNL model estimates were within an average of 3% of the experimental results from - 10% to +10% charging conditions. The model predicted the system performance up to 8% higher than measured results at +/-20% and +/-15% charging conditions. Among the eight void fraction models studied, the Hughmark model showed the best agreement between superheat and subcooled temperatures, refrigerant flow rate and capacity and the measured results.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6420 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-90-08-04.pdf (4.680Mb) -
Liu, Mingsheng (August 1992)[more][less]
Abstract: The influence of heat recovery on the energy impact of air infiltration, and the systematic error due to the steady-state method were studied both experimentally and theoretically. Two methodologies suitable for measurement of the overall heat loss factors in full-size houses have been developed and validated. Dynamic measurements of Infiltration Heat Exchange effectiveness (IHEE), which expresses the air infiltration heat recovery as a fraction of the classical value of air infiltration energy consumption, showed that results from earlier steady-state measurements can be approximately applied to dynamic conditions when solar radiation is not present. However, this study has shown for the first time that IHEE is strongly dependent on air flow direction due to the impacts of air flow on the recovery or rejection of solar radiation energy. IHEE values greater than one and less than zero have been measured. These values are impossible in the absence of solar radiation. The results highlight the necessity of considering the air infiltration heat recovery and improving the current design methods for calculating the heating and cooling loads in buildings. The experimental and theoretical investigation show that steady-state methodology can: *be used without systematic error in the case of constant air flow *result in IHEE prediction error in a range of 1% to 8% when one-way dynamic air f1ow is present *cause significantly larger error when balanced dynamic air flow is present. The SSP (Single input and Single output data Pair) method can identify UAo of an enclosure using short term measurement data, typically a few hours long. It has overcome most of the typical problems in UA0 identification, such as errors due to thermal storage, ground heat transfer, inter-correlated multi-inputs, and solar radiation. The STAM (Short Term Average Method) has also been developed which makes it possible for the first time to determine both the UA and the solar aperture precisely under outdoor conditions from a two-day or a three-day test. These methods were developed and used to measure heat loss factors needed to determine IHEE values in this study.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6463 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-92-08-06.pdf (9.925Mb) -
Medina, M. A. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), December 1992)[more][less]
Abstract: A transient heat and mass transfer model was developed to predict ceiling heat gain/loss through the attic space in residences and to accurately estimate savings in cooling and heating loads produced by the use of radiant barriers. The model accounted for transient conduction, convection and radiation and incorporated moisture and air transport across the attic. Environmental variables such as solar loads on outer attic surfaces and sky temperatures were also estimated. The model was driven by hourly weather data which included: time, outdoor air temperature, horizontal sun and sky radiation, wind speed and direction, relative humidity (dew point), and cloud cover data. The outputs of the model were ceiling heat fluxes, inner and outer heat fluxes from all surfaces, inner and outer surface temperatures and attic air temperatures. Transient conduction was modeled using response factors. Response factors were calculated for each attic component based on construction type. Convective heat transfer was modeled using "flat plate" correlations found in the literature and radiative heat transfer was modeled using radiation enclosure theory. Moisture was incorporated via a condensation/evaporation model. A new procedure was developed to account for attic air stratification. Both forced and natural attic ventilation patterns were added to the model for three types of louver combination arrangements. An iterative technique was used to solve a set of simultaneous heat balance equations. The model predictions were compared to experimental data gathered throughout a three year experimental effort of side-by-side testing of attics retrofit with radiant barriers. The model was compared to the experimental data for a variety of situations which included: different attic insulation levels, various attic airflow rates, cooling and heating seasons, and different radiant barrier orientations. The model predicted ceiling heat flows within 10% for most cases. The model was used to run simulations and parametric studies under a diversity of climates, insulation levels and attic airflow patterns. Model predictions and results were presented on the basis of savings produced by the use of radiant barriers. Hourly, daily, and seasonal predictions by the model were in excellent agreement with observed experimental data and with literature.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/94831 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-92-12-04.pdf (5.868Mb) -
Noboa, Homero L. (August 1993)[more][less]
Abstract: The purpose of this project was to model and quantify the increase of the absorptivity of radiant barriers caused by the accumulation of dust on the surface of radiant barriers. This research was the continuation of a previous work by the author at Texas A&M University in which a radiation energy balance inside the attic enclosure was developed. The particles were considered as flat, circular planes, all having the same radii. That early model showed that there was a linear relationship between the fraction of area of the foil covered by dust and the mean absorptivity of the dusty radiant barrier. In the present work, it was found that the assumption of treating the dust particles as plane circles, underestimated the effective area of the particles by about 20%. Experimental measurements indicated that dust particles achieved the same temperature as the radiant barrier. The new model used the linear relationship just described, and simulated the dust particles as flat circular planes having random radii and laying in random locations within the radiant barrier surface. The new model calculated the fraction of radiant barrier area covered by particles using a digital array in which the clean barrier was represented as zeroes and the dust particles were represented as a set of ones appropriately dimensioned inside the array. The experimentation used natural dust and Arizona Road Test Dust. Using an infrared emissometer, the emissivities (absorptivities) of the clean and dusty barriers were measured and using an electronic scale, the dust loading was measured. An electron microscope was used to experimentally find the fraction of radiant barrier covered by the dust particles to correlate the experimentally found absorptivity with the experimentally found fraction of dust coverage. The limited experimental data available were also used to correlate the absorptivity of the dusty radiant barrier with the time of dust accumulation and the location of the barrier inside the attic. A linear relationship between the absorptivity and the time of dust accumulation was found that can be applied to predict future barrier effectiveness based upon the rate of dust accumulation for a given location.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6425 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-93-08-02.pdf (4.280Mb) -
Bou-Saada, Tarek Edmond (Energy Systems Laboratory, December 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: With the increased use of building energy simulation programs, calibration of simulated data to measured data has been recognized as an important factor in substantiating how well the model fits a real building. Model calibration to measured monthly utility data has been utilized for many years. Recently, efforts have reported calibrated models at the hourly level. Most of the previous methods have relied on very simple comparisons including bar charts, monthly percent difference time-series graphs, and x-y scatter plots. A few advanced methods have been proposed as well which include carpet plots and comparative 3-D time-series plots. Unfortunately, at hourly levels of calibration, many of the traditional graphical calibration techniques become overwhelmed with data and suffer from data overlap. In order to improve upon previously established techniques, this thesis presents new calibration methods including temperature binned box-whisker-mean analysis to improve x-y scatter plots, 24-hour weather-daytype box-whisker-mean graphs to show hourly temperature-dependent energy use profiles, and 52-week box-whisker-mean plots to display long-term trends. In addition to the graphical calibration techniques, other methods are also used including indoor temperature calibration to improve thermostat schedules and architectural rendering as a means of verifying the building envelope dimensions and shading placement. Several statistical methods are also reviewed for their appropriateness including percent difference, mean bias error (MBE), and the coefficient of variation of the root mean squared error. Results are presented using a case study building located in Washington, D.C. In the case study building, nine months of hourly whole-building electricity data and site-specific weather data were measured and used with the D0E-2.1D building simulation program to test the new techniques. Use of the new calibration procedures were able to produce a MBE of -0.7% and a CV(RMSE) of 23.1% which compare favorably with the most accurate hourly neural network models.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86260 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-94-12-01.pdf (63.93Mb) -
Nutter, Darin Wayne (December 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: The mass flow characteristics of flashing Refrigerant-22 from a small vessel were investigated. A flash boiling apparatus was designed and built. It was modeled after the flashing process encountered by the accumulator of air-source heat pump systems. Three small pyrex glass vessels were used to hold the refrigerant and allow for visualization studies of the flashing process. Baseline experiments were run varying initial pressure, initial refrigerant amount, orifice diameter, and vessel geometry. Three sets of experiments were run using two passive enhancement methods (the addition of steel balls and the addition of small amounts of oil) and one active enhancement method (the addition of an immersion heater). Furthermore, a lumped-parameter analytical model was developed from basic thermodynamic principles that predicted the rate of depressurization for the flashing refrigerant. The study showed that the initial refrigerant amount and the orifice size had the greatest influence on the mass flow and pressure characteristics during each sixty second test. The initial pressure and vessel volume had less of an impact under the conditions tested. Two of the enhancement methods consistently increased the amount of refrigerant flashed during the tests as compared to the baseline data for the same initial conditions. The addition a 1 cm layer of 3.6 mm steel balls to the base of the vessel increased the amount flashed from 21% to 81% and the addition of the 215-watt flat-spiral immersion heater the increased the amount flashed from 47% to 111 %. Foaming at the vapor-liquid interface was observed with the refrigerant-oil mixture experiments as two of the eight test conditions averaged an increase while six averaged a decrease, ranging from a 21% increase to a 27% decrease. The analytical depressurization model predicted general pressure and mass flux trends, and revisions to the model improved pressure predictions to within ±11%.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6426 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-94-12-05.pdf (4.956Mb) -
Muraya, Norman K. (December 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: Non-linear finite element models were developed to simulate transient heat and mass transfer in the soil surrounding the ground heat exchangers of ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHPs) operating in the cooling mode. Parametric studies were performed with two dimensional horizontal cross sectional models. The heat transfer and temperature distributions yielded excess errors less than 6% and 3%, respectively, when compared to analytical solutions. Two constant temperature sources performed equivalent heating as one constant temperature source having twice the radius. For constant heat flux sources, the equivalent radius was found to be increased by √2. A heat flux equivalent radius (tau_h,eqv) was developed and shown to be more consistent than the geometric radius (tau_g,eqv). All equivalent radii varied with time and source separation. A heat exchanger effectiveness for two sources, (epsilon_A), was introduced based on an earlier definition for one source. Effectiveness was found to be independent of a dimensionless temperature variable that included temperatures of the tubes and soil, and varied only with separation distance at steady state. Thermal short circuiting was defined as 1 – epsilon_A and ranged from 38% to 47% in the reasonable installation separation range. Non-homogenous media were modeled by varying backfill thermal conductivity. Maximum heat transfer was achieved with a fictitious backfill thermal conductivity of 1,000 W/m-K, while measured bentonite backfill conductivities were less than 2 W/m-K. The overall heat transfer increased with backfill thermal conductivity but epsilon_A decreased. Therefore, the backfill effectiveness of Couvillion was used to rank backfill performance. The range of the backfill effectiveness was from 45% for touching bentonite backfill tubes to 60% for the fictitious backfill at a separation of seven l/Do. Moisture migration was incorporated into the numerical finite element model by formulating coupled partial differential equations for non-linear heat and mass transfer. Simulations with decreasing soil moisture contents resulted in lower thermal conductivity and performance degradation. Increasing the bore hole size improved the efficiency (decreased thermal short circuiting) by as much as 20%. In addition, higher conductivity fictitious backfills improved efficiency by up to an additional 20%. However, cost savings in both cases had a negligible effect compared to the bore hole cost.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6422 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-94-12-13.pdf (5.243Mb) -
McJimsey, Bert Ashford (December 1994)[more][less]
Abstract: The heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of HCFC-22 and a 50% mass mixture of HFC-32/HFC-125 were experimentally measured under flow boiling conditions in a smooth tube. The refrigerants were flowed through an 8 mm diameter smooth tube at mass fluxes of 277, 434, 520 and 700 kg/sm^2. Heat fluxes were applied at values of 5100, 7100 and 11000 W/m^2. The heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops were measured at refrigerant qualities of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 60 percent. The refrigerants were examined at temperatures near 4°C. Oil was added to the HFC-32/HFC-125 mixture in concentrations of 2.6% and 5.4%. Experiments were repeated with the oil laden refrigerant. The heat transfer coefficients for HCFC-22 increased with quality, mass flux and heat flux. The heat transfer coefficients for HFC-32/HFC-125 often decreased at low qualities and increased with quality at high qualities. The pressure drop increased with quality and mass flux for both refrigerants. The heat transfer had a minimal effect upon pressure drop. HFC-32/HFC-125 had a lower pressure drop than HCFC-22 for all conditions. The addition of oil increased the pressure drop. A pressure drop correlation and heat transfer correlation were developed for HFC-32/HFC-125.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6423 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-94-12-12.pdf (4.536Mb) -
Deng, Song (May 1997)[more][less]
Abstract: This thesis proposes and validates a simplified model appropriate for parameter identification and evaluates several different inverse parameter identification schemes suitable for use when heating and cooling data from a commercial building are available. The validation has been performed using such data generated from a detailed building simulation program for different building geometries and building mass levels in two different climatic locations. Such a synthetic evaluation will validate the model used as well as determine the best parameter identification scheme, i.e., one likely to yield the most accurate set of parameter estimates. A multistep identification scheme has been found to yield very accurate results, and a more careful evaluation has been performed in order to evaluate its accuracy and stability with synthetic data against the effects of solar energy, HVAC system operation, internal load schedule, building thermal mass and geometry, and climatic location. This method is also evaluated using data from different time periods and when utility bill data (i.e. monthly data) only is available. The model is then applied to energy use data from two buildings being monitored under the Texas LoanSTAR Program, which are in different locations and have different HVAC systems. With parameters thus determined, two energy use indices, Energy Delivery Efficiency (EDE) and Multizone Efficiency Index (MEI), are calculated to present some insights into the benefits of retrofit from a constant volume (CV) to a variable air volume (VAV) system and of continuous commissioning (CC) work done to these two buildings, respectively. Uses and limitations of EDE and MEI are also discussed. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the multistep regression approach is an accurate and practical building physical parameter determination method, and the combined use of the EDE and MEI indices calculated from these parameters can provide insights into the HVAC system, and the potential for optimizing its operation.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6428 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-97-05-02.pdf (23.32Mb) -
Wang, W. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), December 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: The measured energy savings from retrofits in buildings in the Texas LoanSTAR program are determined as the difference between the energy consumption predicted by a baseline model and the measured energy consumption during the post-retrofit period. Savings measurement for buildings such as primary and secondary schools is very difficult due to the special operating schedules of these buildings. Currently, savings are often determined by simple pre-post utility bill comparison; they may also be determined with two separate models for the baseline: a 3-P model for non-summer months, and a mean model for the summer months. (Landman 1996). This thesis proposes a methodology for developing baseline models of energy use for buildings such as schools which have important daily and seasonal variations in occupancy. The method utilizes utility billing data, but also explicitly incorporates occupancy rate, permitting a generalized model which retains the distinction between energy use levels during occupied and unoccupied days of the year. The proposed methodology has been evaluated against the one proposed by Landman for 10 schools in Texas.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/93388 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-98-12-01.pdf (25.40Mb) -
Kootin-Sanwu, Victor (Energy Systems Laboratory, May 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to develop methods that will enable the reduction of owning and operating costs of low-income housing in the hot-humid climates of the U. S. The objectives include investigating various scenarios that will enable the implementation of cost-effective construction of low-income housing using volunteer labor. The research uses a case study approach where a base-line energy use is established using a comparative Princeton Score Keeping Method (PRISM) analysis and measurements from a case study house. A prototype house is then simulated with the DOE-2 building simulation program, and the energy savings calculated by comparing simulated energy and water conservation design measures (E&WCDMs) with the calibrated baseline energy simulation. The cost and maintenance of the house are analyzed with the real cost of construction of a case study house in Bryan/College Station, Texas.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85753 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-04-05-01.pdf (24.12Mb) -
Im, Piljae (Texas A&M University, December 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: Currently, four areas of Texas have been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as non-attainment areas because they exceeded the national one-hour ground-level ozone standard of 0.12 parts-per-million (ppm). Ozone is formed in the atmosphere by the reaction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in the presence of heat and sunlight. In May 2002, The Texas State Legislature passed Senate Bill 5, the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP), to reduce the emissions of NOx by several sources. As part of the 2001 building energy performance standards program which is one of the programs in the TERP, the Texas Legislature established the 2000 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) as the state energy code. Since September 1, 2001, the 2000 IECC has been required for newly constructed single and multifamily houses in Texas. Therefore, this study develops and applies portions of a methodology to calculate the energy savings and NOx emissions reductions from the adoption of the 2000 IECC to new single family houses in non-attainment and affected counties in Texas. To accomplish the objectives of the research, six major tasks were developed: 1) baseline data collection, 2) development of the 2000 IECC standard building simulation, 3) projection of the number of building permits in 2002, 4) comparison of energy simulations, 5) validation and, 6) NOx emissions reduction calculations. To begin, the 1999 standard residential building characteristics which are the baseline construction data were collected, and the 2000 IECC standard building characteristics were reviewed. Next, the annual and peak-day energy savings were calculated using the DOE-2 building energy simulation program. The building characteristics and the energy savings were then crosschecked using the data from previous studies, a site visit survey, and utility billing analysis. In this thesis, several case study houses are used to demonstrate the validation procedure. Finally, the calculated electricity savings (MWh/yr) were then converted into the NOx emissions reductions (tons/yr) using the EPA's eGRID database. The results of the peak-day electricity savings and NOx emissions reductions using this procedure are approximately twice the average day electricity savings and NOx emissions reductions.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/309 Files in this item: 1
etd-tamu-2003C-ARCH-Im-1.pdf (11.38Mb) -
Sung, Yong Hoon (Texas A&M University, August 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: In this dissertation I will present and test a model linking actual applicant-interviewer demographic, human capital, and cultural capital similarity to an interviewer's recommendation to hire. Actual similarity is proposed to influence an interviewer's perceptions of similarity with an applicant. These perceptions, in turn, lead to the interviewer's perceptions of the applicant's Person-Organization (PO) fit and the applicant's Person-Job (PJ) fit. Two main mechanisms are proposed to mediate the relationship between an interviewer's perceptions of similarity and an interviewer's perceptions of an applicant's fit: liking and negative behavioral expectations. Lastly, both an interviewer's PO and PJ fit perceptions of an applicant are posited to influence the interviewer's recommendation to hire. A total of 118 interviewer-applicant dyads contacted through the Career Center Office at a University located in the southwestern United States participated in the study. Results partially support the model. An interviewer's perceptions of similarity with an applicant are positively related to an interviewer's fit evaluations. An interviewer's negative behavioral expectations of an applicant mediate this relationship. Furthermore, perceived similarity is positively related to an interviewer's liking of an applicant. In turn, liking is positively related to an interviewer's PO fit perceptions. However, liking does not function as a mediator between perceived similarity and fit evaluations. Finally, fit evaluations are positively related to hiring recommendations. I discuss the main implications of the study as well as strengths, limitations, and future research.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1263 Files in this item: 1
etd-tamu-2004B-ARCH-Sung-2.pdf (8.657Mb) -
Rasisuttha, Sakkara (Texas A&M University, May 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to develop methods that reduce energy consumption in a residential building in a hot and humid climate region (Thailand) using efficient architectural building components and renewable energy (solar energy) to produce electricity, domestic hot water, and supplemental cooling by night sky radiation. Improving the architectural building components, including building materials, is an option to reduce energy consumption in a building. Using renewable energy sources is another option to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy. In residential buildings, solar energy has been utilized for space heating and domestic hot water using active solar collector systems and for generating electricity using photovoltaic (PV) systems. One photovoltaic system, the hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collector system, has been developed by several researchers over the last 20 years. The hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collector system is a combination photovoltaic (for producing electricity) and solar thermal collector (for producing hot water). Theoretical and experimental studies of this collector have highlighted the advantages of the hybrid PV-T collector system over separate systems of PV and solar collector in term of system efficiency and economics. Unfortunately, very little experimental data exists that demonstrates the advantages of a combined system. Therefore, one of the objectives of this study conducted was an experimental study of this system as an auxiliary energy source for a residential building. Night sky radiation has also been studied as a cooling strategy. However, no attempt so far could be found to integrate it to a hybrid PV-T collector system. The night sky radiation strategy could be operated with the hybrid PV/T collector system by using existing resources that are already present in the solar system. The integration of the night sky radiation into the hybrid PV-T collector system should yield more productivity of the system than the operation of the Hybrid PVT system alone. The research methods used in this work included instrumentation of a case-study house in Thailand, an experimental PV-T collector system, and a calibrated building thermal simulation. A typical contemporary Thai residential building was selected as a case-study house. Its energy use and local weather data were measured and analyzed. Published energy use of Thai residential buildings was also analyzed as well to determine average energy consumption. A calibrated computer model of the case-study building was constructed using the DOE-2 program. A field experiment of the thermal PV system was constructed to test its ability to simultaneously produce electricity and hot water in the daytime, and shed heat at night as a cooling strategy (i.e., night sky radiation). The resultant electricity and hot water produced by the hybrid PV-T collector system helped to reduce the use of non-renewable energy. The cooling produced by the night sky radiation also has to potential to reduce the cooling load. The evaluation of the case-study house and results of the field experiment helped to quantify the potential reduction of energy use in Thai residential buildings. This research provided the following benefits: 1) experimental results of a hybrid PV-T solar collector system that demonstrates its performance compared to typical system of separate photovoltaic and solar collector, 2) results of night sky radiation experiments using a photovoltaic panel as a radiator to demonstrate the performance of this new space cooling strategy, and 3) useful data from the case-study house simulation results and guidelines to assist others in transferring the results to other projects.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2297 Files in this item: 1
etd-tamu-2005A-ARCH-Rasisut.pdf (7.261Mb) -
Malhotra, Mini (Texas A&M University, December 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Energy-efficient building design involves minimizing the energy use and optimizing the performance of individual systems and components of the building. The benefits of energyefficient design, in the residential sector, are direct and tangible, provided that design strategies with a substantial combined energy and cost-saving potential are adopted. Many studies have been performed to evaluate the energy-saving potential and the costeffectiveness of various design options, and to identify conditions for optimizing the performance of building systems and components. The results of these studies, published in various resources, were analyzed discretely using different techniques, and were reported using different bases for comparison. Considering the complex interaction of, and energy flows through various building components, it is difficult to directly compare/combine the results from various studies to determine the energy-saving potential of combination of strategies, and to select an appropriate set of strategies for making design decisions. Therefore, this thesis develops a comprehensive survey and analysis of energy-efficient design strategies and their energy-saving potential, in isolation as well as in combination, using a DOE-2 simulation model of a prototype house in the hot and humid climate of Houston, Texas. Optimized strategies that included building configuration, materials/ assembly for building envelop components, and efficient mechanical and electrical systems, equipment and appliances, were applied in combination that could minimize the annual energy use. Application of these strategies is expected to allow downsizing systems and equipment and to confirm their operation at their rated performance, resulting in additional installation and operation cost savings. The study is concluded by outlining the procedures for selecting optimized set of strategies, and by developing guidelines for achieving maximum energy-efficiency in singlefamily detached houses in hot and humid climates. Thus, this study will facilitate the selection of energy-saving measures for their individual or combined application for developing energyefficient residences in hot and humid climates.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3097 Files in this item: 1
etd-tamu-2005C-ARCH-Malhotra.pdf (1.937Mb) -
Zhu, Yiwen (Texas A&M University, December 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Typical energy audits are sufficiently expensive and time-consuming that many owners and managers of buildings are not willing to invest the time and money required for a full audit. This dissertation provides a methodology to identify buildings with large potential energy savings using limited information, specifically, utility bills, total area and weather data. The methodology is developed based on the hypothesis: if a commercial building is properly designed, constructed, operated, and maintained, the measured energy consumption should approximately match the simulated value for a typical building of the same size with the most efficient HVAC system; otherwise, there may be potential for energy savings. There are four steps in the methodology: 1) testing to determine whether the utility bills include both weather-dependent and weatherindependent loads; 2) separating weather-dependent and weather-independent loads when both are present in the same data; 3) determining the main type of HVAC system; 4) estimating potential energy savings and recommending an energy audit if appropriate. The Flatness Index is selected to test whether the utility bills include both weatherdependent and weather-independent loads. An approach to separate the utility bills based on thermal balance is developed to separate utility bills into weather-dependent and weather-independent loads for facilities in hot and humid climates. The average relative error in estimated cooling consumption is only 1.1% for 40 buildings in Texas, whereas it is -54.8% using the traditional 3P method. An application of fuzzy logic is used to identify the main type of HVAC system in buildings from their 12-month weatherdependent energy consumption. When 40 buildings were tested, 18 systems were identified correctly, seven were incorrect and the HVAC system type cannot be identified in 15 cases. The estimated potential savings by the screening methodology in eight large commercial buildings were compared with audit estimated savings for the same buildings. The audit estimated savings are between 25% - 150% of the potential energy savings estimated by the screening procedure in seven cases. The other two cases are less accurate, indicating that further refinement of the method would be valuable. The data required are easily obtained; the procedure can be carried out automatically, so no experience is required. If the actual type of HVAC system, measured weather-dependent, and weather-independent energy consumption are known, the methodology should work better.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3179 Files in this item: 1
etd-tamu-2005C-MEEN-Zhu.pdf (7.856Mb) -
Analysis of improved fenestration for code-compliant residential buildings in hot and humid climatesMukhopadhyay, Jaya (Texas A&M University, August 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This thesis presents an analysis of energy efficient residential windows in hot and humid climates. To accomplish this analysis, the use of accurate simulation tools such as DOE-2.1e is required, which incorporates the results from the WINDOW-5.2 simulation program to assess accurate fenestration performance. The thesis also investigates the use of optimal glazing types, which, for future applications, could be specified in the code to reduce annual net energy consumption to zero. Results show that combinations of low-E and double pane, clear-glazed windows, which are optimally shaded according to orientation are the best solution for lowering both annual energy consumption and peak electricity loads. The study also concludes that the method used to model fenestration in the simulation program plays an important role in accurately determining the effectiveness of the glazing option used. In this particular study, the use of the WINDOW-5.2 program is highly recommended especially for high performance windows (i.e., low-E glazing). Finally, a discussion on the incorporation of super high performance windows (i.e., super low-E, ultra low-E and dynamic / switchable glazing) into the IECC code concludes that these types of glazing strategies can reduce annual net energy use of the window to zero. Future work identified by this thesis includes a more extensive examination of the passive solar potential of high performance fenestration, and an examination of the appropriate methods for specifying these properties in future versions of the IECC code. This implies that future specifications for fenestration in the IECC code could aim for zero net annual energy consumption levels from residential fenestration.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4162 Files in this item: 1
etd-tamu-2005B-ARCH-Mukhopa.pdf (5.655Mb) -
Baltazar Cervantes, Juan Carlos (Texas A&M University, December 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This dissertation provides one methodology to determine potential energy savings of buildings with limited information. This methodology is based upon the simplified energy analysis procedure of HVAC systems and the control of the comfort conditions. Numerically, the algorithm is a tailored exhaustive search over all the independent variables that are commonly controlled for a specific type of HVAC system. The potential energy savings methodology has been applied in several buildings that have been retrofitted and/or commissioned previously. Results from the determined savings for the Zachry building at Texas A&M after being commissioned show a close agreement to the calculated potential energy savings (about 85%). Differences are mainly attributed to the use of simplified models. Due to the restriction of limited information about the building characteristics and operational control, the potential energy savings method requires the determination of parameters that characterize its thermal performance. Thus, a calibrated building is needed. A general procedure has been developed to carry out automated calibration of building energy use simulations. The methodology has been tested successfully on building simulations based on the simplified energy analysis procedure. The automated calibration is the minimization of the RMSE of the energy use over daily conditions. The minimization procedure is fulfilled with a non-canonical optimization algorithm, the Simulated Annealing, which mimics the Statistical Thermodynamic performance of the annealing process. That is to say, starting at a specified temperature the algorithm searches variable-space states that are steadier, while heuristically, by the Boltzmann distribution, the local minima is avoided. The process is repeated at a new lower temperature that is determined by a specific schedule until the global minimum is found. This methodology was applied to the most common air-handler units producing excellent results for ideal cases or for samples modified with a 1% white noise.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5026 Files in this item: 1
etd-tamu-2006C-MEEN-BALTAZA.pdf (3.649Mb) -
Sreshthaputra, Atch (November 29, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The goal of this research was to develop new techniques for designing and operating unconditioned buildings in a hot-humid climate that could contribute to an improvement of thermal performance and comfort condition. The recommendations proposed in this research will also be useful for facility managers on how to maintain unconditioned buildings in this climate. This study investigated two unconditioned Thai Buddhist temples located in the urban area of Bangkok, Thailand. One is a 100-year-old, high-mass temple. The other is a 5-year-old, lower-mass temple. The indoor measurements revealed that the thermal condition inside both temples exceed the ASHRAE-recommended comfort zone. Surprisingly, the older temple maintained a more comfortable indoor condition due to its thermal inertia, shading, and earth contacts. A baseline thermal and airflow model of the old temple was established using a calibrated computer simulation method. To accomplish this, HEATX, a 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, was coupled with the DOE-2 thermal simulation program. HEATX was used to calculate the airflow rate and the surface convection coefficients for DOE-2, and DOE-2 was used to provide physical input variables to form the boundary conditions for HEATX. In this way calibrated DOE-2/CFD simulation model was accomplished, and the baseline model was obtained. To investigate an improved design, four design options were studied: 1) a reflective or low-solar absorption roof, 2) R-30 ceiling insulation, 3) shading devices, and 4) attic ventilation. Each was operated using three modes of ventilation. The low-absorption roof and the R-30 ceiling insulation options were found to be the most effective options, whereas the shading devices and attic ventilation were less effective options, regardless of which ventilation mode was applied. All design options performed much better when nighttime-only ventilation was used. Based on this analysis, two prototype temples was proposed (i.e., low-mass and high-mass temples). From the simulation results of the two prototypes, design and operation guidelines are proposed, which consist of: 1) increased wall and ceiling insulation, 2) white-colored, low-absorption roof, 3) slab-on-ground floor, 4) shading devices, 5) nighttime-only ventilation, 6) attic ventilation, and 7) wider openings to increase the natural ventilation air flow windows, wing walls, and vertical fins.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6164 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TH-03-05-01.pdf (18.16Mb)
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Major drop in speed limit for Moxee street
It's the stretch from Ekelman Road to Birchfield Road. You can still drive 50 miles an hour east of Beaudry Road.
Moxee annexed part of Mieras Road, and engineers determined there were safety concerns.
People who live along the road say there have been too many close calls.
"When I pull in my own driveway here, I've had people try to pass me with my signal lights on, and they're doing about 50, they come around that corner and they floor it," said Thomas Dodds.
Eight accidents happened on the street in the last three years. There have been three speeding tickets in that zone since the change in April, as opposed to one all of last year.


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Cover Story | Plant Life | On Fitness | Northwest Living | Taste |
You Can Go Home Again In some family traditions, children lived with their parents until they got married, and perhaps even afterward. The family home was passed down and each generation did something to it that reflected domestic improvements, personal interests and the influence of spouses. That doesn't happen much anymore. Children usually want to get away from the old neighborhood, make their own marks and shape their living spaces from scratch. For Rick Borish, who never strayed far from the old Magnolia neighborhood where he grew up, moving back into his parents' home last year "was difficult," he says. "I had mixed feelings." The English-brick residence in Carlton Park was designed by Fred J. Rogers and completed in 1932 for Mrs. Jacqueline Beadow. The 3,500-square-foot home was later purchased by the Weisfield family, the local jewelry-store owners. Borish's parents, Robert and Helen, bought it in late 1961. They added a swimming pool to the grounds, and Rick has pleasant childhood memories of summer days at the pool, and later of teaching his daughters to swim there.
His mother died in 1997 and his father decided to move to a smaller home nearby. Rick, his wife, Penny, and their daughters moved in immediately with the idea of doing some cosmetic remodeling to make it their own.
The couple hadn't anticipated how much work there would be. Sloping floors required underpinning, which meant, in turn, installing new flooring, repairing cracked plaster and making ceiling adjustments. Along the way, they also decided to replace windows and raise the ceilings of top-floor rooms into attic space to create airy bedrooms. That's when they decided they needed an architect. "We spent more and more time arguing with each other," Penny recalls. "We were trying to figure out the bedroom. It was gutted. We would come at night and measure it out ourselves and try to come up with plans. The contractor finally said, 'You'd better get an architect.' He had been wishing we would all along." They agreed and contacted Lydia Aldredge last January for what would be a 10-month makeover. Aldredge approached the remodel with respect for the limitations of the house and an appreciation for its positive elements. "She led us to solving problems by trying to update the house and get what we wanted, at the same time maintaining its integrity," Penny says.
Without making substantial additions, clients and architect increased connections to the outside by replacing a living-room window with French doors to an expanded deck off the breakfast room. The basement "rec room" benefited from the same door treatment, once it had been stripped of its dated knotty pine walls, to become a media center and casual living area adjoining the pool. On the second floor, the master-bedroom window was enlarged to take full advantage of its panoramic view of Puget Sound. They also added lighting, closets and built-in storage.
The walls of the rooms are colorful - from the lemon yellow of the main and basement halls to the apricots and greens of the children's bedrooms upstairs - and that is Penny's influence. She loves bright colors, as evidenced in her interest in folk art from Mexico, Guatemala and Paraguay. "I like the loudest and splashiest things," she says. "My taste is not very refined and Rick likes a really quiet and sophisticated palette. It's an interesting combination." "We usually find things that we both like," Rick adds, "but it takes us time to do it." They did find common ground as they commissioned artisans during the remodel. People are generally nervous about commissioning something rather than buying "off the shelf," but the Borishes say they had a very positive experience.
Aldredge involved metal and glass artists to do a new deck railing and new lighting fixtures - a carryover from her years of experience doing public-art projects. She has an appreciation of "what architecture used to be like - when there was a relationship between the architect and the artisan. There was a running dialog to develop it and the immense pride and knowledge that the artisan had to create that vision."
The architect's railing drawings were based on the spiral stair railing in the home's foyer. Hennick showed her and the homeowners samples of twisted bars of various sizes and decorative details. "We had a conversation about what my expectations were and I told him what I didn't like," Rick says. "Don made a sample panel - a mock-up - so that I would be comfortable. He invited me to come to the studio and see what he was putting together. He was terrific." An equally positive experience awaited them with glass artist Thomas Stempel, who works out of the Fremont Foundry. Because of his access to metal resources, he was also able to create the bases for his blown-glass lighting fixtures. "He takes pride in his color combinations," Penny says. "We chose the basic colors from samples, and he told us there were no guarantees - that they would be in the range and have these hues." The couple was invited to the studio and watched him blow one of the fixtures. Everyone had strong opinions about the metal finishes for the fixtures, and rather than insist they go along with his suggestion of patinated bronze, Penny recalls, "Tom showed us what it would look like if we did it our way and it convinced us to go along with his recommendation." Rick is delighted with the results. "They made the effort to make us happy. They went beyond the money." That included the tile selection and setting of Craig and Katharine Norberg and at Norberry Tile. They spent hours picking patterns and doing layouts that would not conflict with the integrity of the house. Aldredge sums up: "My best idea of a project is where the owner, artisan and myself are all complementing each other, and none of us lays claim individually. It came out of us together because we all built it together." Lawrence Kreisman is program director for Historic Seattle and director of "Viewpoints," the tour program of the Seattle Architectural Foundation. |
Cover Story | Plant Life | On Fitness | Northwest Living | Taste |


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By Lillyan Baker
Not everyone can visit the Italian countryside on a Wednesday afternoon, but with this homemade ravioli recipe you will be saying, "That's amore" between every bite. Join me as I lived, laughed and learned with Gourmet Gallery in Waco, Texas, where I took a hands-on homemade pasta class to create and devour Spinach, Cheese and Sausage Stuffed Ravioli with a Chardonnay Cream Sauce. Can you say, "Hello, Italy?" From rolling out the pasta to savoring that first bite, grab your apron and get ready to get your hands dirty with dough, it's pasta makin' time!
Basic Pasta Dough
Yield: 30 Ravioli2 c of all-purpose flour
1 t. kosher salt
4 large eggs
1 Tbsp extra virgin olive oil
Cornmeal, for dusting
1. On a flat, clean surface make a mound of flour. Add salt and make a well in the center. Crack all eggs inside the well, add olive oil and scramble them with a fork until combined, gathering some flour from walls in the process. When dough is dry enough to handle, begin to knead dough until elastic in texture. This process should take at least 10 minutes.
2. Divide the dough in half, rub each with olive oil, wrap them with plastic and let rest before it's rolled out to desired shape.
Spinach, Cheese and Sausage Stuffed Ravioli
10 oz frozen chopped spinach, thawed and excess water removed10 oz Italian sausage
1/2 c ricotta cheese
1/2 c grated Parmigiano-Reggiano
1/4 c grated Asiago
1/2 c grated pecorino
1 tsp dried thyme
1/2 tsp lemon zest
1/2 tsp salt
1/4 tsp freshly ground black pepper
Chardonnay Cream Sauce
1 garlic clove, minced
3/4 c minced shallots
1 3/4 c dry chardonnay
1 tsp salt
1 tsp freshly cracked black pepper
3/4 c heavy cream
1/2 c of shredded Italian blend cheeses
1. Sauté the sausage until browned, breaking it up as it cooks. Add the spinach and ½ teaspoon of salt and sauté 2 more minutes. Remove from the heat and stir in the cheeses, thyme, lemon zest and pepper.
2. Fill each ravioli with about 2 tablespoons of the filling. Cook in boiling salted water for 5 to 8 minutes. Drain and serve with marinara or Chardonnay Cream Sauce.
3. In a small saucepan over medium-high heat, add the butter and when foamy, add the shallots and cook for 5 to 6 minutes. Add the chardonnay and the salt and pepper and bring to a boil. Allow to simmer for 10 minutes. Add the cream and combine well. Simmer, stirring occasionally, for 10 to 15 minutes; the mixture will thicken slightly. Finally, add the cheese and stir to melt. Hold warm until service. Adjust seasonings as needed.
Thanks to Rachel Solano, Manager and Chief Cook at Gourmet Gallery in Waco, Texas for her expertise and delicious recipes!


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You're leaving Wedding Paper Divas to see the Deal of the Day at our parent site, Tiny Prints.
You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
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