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Hi, I just recently became interested in bonsai. I have a few questions to ask since I can't seem to find a straight answers elsewhere. My first question is what kind of soil mix is best for bonsai? How do you create this mix? Also, can bonsai be kept outdoors all year in zone 6b? Do you need to keep the trees in full sun or shade? At what point do you start training a seedling into a bonsai? Also, how do Castanea species hold up as bonsai's. thanks. |
Follow-Up Postings:
gtd, Your answers cab be found with GardenWeb seaches. Put in "Bonsai Soil Mix" in the search block top right. You will be able to read several threads and what makes good bonsai soil. Second question, you need to specify what trees you are writing about. Since Bonsai are just trees in containers, you can search the container forum as well for care of certain trees you care about. What City is closest to you (Zone 6b). |
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Review: Cliched 'Lola Versus' Is a Minor Effort Elevated by Charming Performances
Movie Reviews By Kate Erbland on June 7, 2012 | Be the First To Comment"Being single builds character." At least that's what Lola Versus's ostensible heroine (Greta Gerwig) wants to believe as she stumbles and shuffles through life post-break-up and pre-thirtieth birthday in Daryl Wein's girl-on-the verge hipster rom-com, so it's too bad that it takes her too long to form what one would call character (or even just plain old backbone). The film's plot is simple to the point of absolute cliche – twenty-nine-year-old Lola is unexpectedly dumped by her beloved fiancee Luke (Joel Kinnaman) just weeks before their wedding, a blow that sends her into a tailspin and makes her reevaluate her entire life. Boom. The end. That's it. Yes, you've seen it before and you've probably seen it done better. But, what Lola Versus really presupposes is that maybe you've also seen it done worse.
SXSW Interview: Daryl Wein and Zoe Lister-Jones Break Down 'Breaking Upwards'
Features By Adam Sweeney on March 18, 2009 | Be the First To CommentDaryl Wein and Zoe Lister Jones have made their presence known at SXSW in a large way. Now they talk to us about working through relationship issues on-screen in Breaking Upwards.
Breaking up is hard to do, as Daryl Wein finds a new way of teaching us in his breakout film, Breaking Upwards. Yes, we love words that start with break.
As you know, I'm a sucker for a quirky romantic comedy. It almost doesn't matter who's in it, as long as it is quirky. And it appears as if Breaking Upwards, a film playing at the upcoming SXSW film festival, will be added to this year's list.
Neil Miller
Scott Beggs
Rob Hunter
Kate Erbland
Christopher Campbell

subset: commoncrawl


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Saltos de línea: sin¦fulPronunciación: /ˈsɪnfʊl
, -f(ə)l/
Definición de sinful en inglés:
1Wicked and immoral; committing or characterized by the committing of sins: sinful men a sinful way of life
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- Because of the corruption of human reason, which took place in the Fall, humanity has a tendency, not merely to err, but to make wicked, sinful choices.
- But we live in a fallen, sinful world in which sin invades family units as it does all other aspects of society.
- Certainly, the real reason man lives wickedly or violently is his corrupt sinful nature.
immoral, wicked, wrong, morally wrong, wrongful, evil, bad, iniquitous, corrupt, ungodly, godless, unholy, irreligious, unrighteous, sacrilegious, profane, blasphemous, impious, irreverent, criminal, nefarious, depraved, degenerate, perverted, erring, fallen, impure, sullied, tainted
rare peccable
1.1Highly reprehensible: a sinful waste
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- As if I'm wasting time and its sinful to waste anything.
- And the public desire for scandal is itself sinful.
- Now there is nothing immediately sinful about the process except that it probably wastes a lot of research time.
- 1
adverbio - Oraciones de ejemplo
- You can't leave without savouring the sinfully delicious truffle, clothed in dark chocolate and served in a tiny espresso cup.
- Remember to save some space for the mouthwatering dessert specials - cheesecake, or a sinfully sweet kiwi delicacy - and finish off the evening with freshly brewed coffee or tea.
- And even that is not exactly true as the most diehard roots musician will have been influenced by some sinfully classic session that came out of a studio in Music City at some point.
- 2
sustantivo - Oraciones de ejemplo
- I hate all death represents, our fallenness, weakness, sinfulness, corruptness etc.
- During this time he allows Jesus to soak up all of his sinfulness and depravity and then to fill him with the presence of Holy Spirit.
- These words directly acknowledge the reality of systemic evil and individual sinfulness.
immorality, wickedness, sin, wrongdoing, evil, evilness, evil-doing, iniquitousness, corruption, turpitude, ungodliness, godlessness, unholiness, irreligiousness, sacrilegiousness, profanity, blasphemy, impiety, impiousness, irreverence, impurity, depravity, degeneracy, vice, perversion, pervertednessrare peccability, peccancy
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if you have or have used a Dremel trio - the saw part - what do you think of it? powerful enough to use to cut around door area? heat register cut outs?
I've watch many videos on youtube - it looks easy enough but that's not real life either... my friend has a small jig saw (table type) that i can use if he finds it still works... otherwise I'll have to buy a tool to do this. the Dremel looks to be one that can be used for numerous things down the road also. |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by desertsteph (My Page) on Mon, Nov 7, 11 at 21:41
I should have added that I've been looking at the MAX version. |
I bet it is. I have a Harbor Freight multi-tool (which is similar to the multi-max), and used this plunge blade to cut the baseboard when I moved the sheetrock and added the cabinet to the garage. It is very smooth compared to a jig saw and very precise. If you haven't bought one yet, look at Harbor Freight. They have their good one on sale now for $50 and the one speed (the one I have) will be on black Friday for $20. |
Variable multi tool here too. They are on sale at harbor friight. Have a dremel with all needed, but the multi tool is easier to handle for what you are after. And I have found a ton of uses for it, beyond the norm. Link of sale. There is a video also. If you have a store near you I would buy it there. HF seems to have high shipping costs. |
Here is a link that might be useful: Multi-tool
- Posted by desertsteph (My Page) on Tue, Nov 8, 11 at 17:06
great news! we have one of those stores over in the little town I go to do laundry. will check it out later this week. the dremel is about 99.00 and comes with a few attachments. it's attachments are more $s than the habor freight one when bought individually. if it will get me thru 6 floor registers and doorways, I'll be happy! that store also has a small automatic nailer for about 40.00. I'll check with them to see if that would work to attach new baseboards. if so, that'd be super also! thx gals! I'll feel more comfy only plunking down 50.00 (plus for a few blades) and knowing it'll be able to do what I need it to do. |
- Posted by moccasinlanding (My Page) on Tue, Nov 8, 11 at 19:25
Oh boy, that tool looks fascinating. When is the sale on? My DH says that the Chicago Tools brand is outstanding, and was very pleased when I got him one of their products. I have an old old Dremel, and it is good for fiddling work, but do not think it would alter anything with home building projects such as you propose, Steph. I really want a NAIL GUN, they are so neat, but, at this point I cannot buy anything requiring delivery. Not with UPS requiring a signature! What a pain. But we do shop at the local HF in Mobile, if they have the products in stock. One nice thing, DH is taking his large air compressor south to Alabama, and I'll be able to air blast the floors of the Teahouse clean, without sweeping them. Oh lalalalala. Steph, I'm sure that a Chicago Tool product will do a lot more than 6 floor registers and keep on trucking. |
I have heard pros and cons on nailers from HF. We have a Senco finish nail gun and either need to replace the o-rings or get a new gun. I'm for repairing what we have. I miss having it and didn't even realize I used it so much. |
- Posted by desertsteph (My Page) on Thu, Nov 10, 11 at 0:43
does the HF tool take blades from other brands? I'll buy a few extra blades when I buy it but it's over a 30 min drive and I'd rather not drive that far just to get a replacement blade. I'm gonna try to get over there on Friday. not sure if i'll make it tho. i was out today doing a few errands (HD, Dollar Tree, W, gas in car) and doing that much exhausts me. I'm usually wiped out the following day - but tomorrow I'm hoping to start drilling holes to put up braces for some closet shelves (so I have a place to put boxes I take over there). not sure I'll be in any condition to drive that far on Friday. maybe Saturday. today I got some bullseye primer to use on the particle board shelves. I'm hoping the smell of that stuff doesn't kill me - lol! Also got tiny prybar to use in taking out the baseboards. looked at new baseboard. what's in now is 2.5 in high and very,very flat. they also didn't seem to care the cuts on one wall weren't filled in. looks tacky. I guess in a few rooms that's not a big deal because there'll be furniture in front of most of it. Like a few larger cabinets in the craft/store room. in that room I'll try to reuse what's up now but in the LR/DR (open area) I'll probably put up new. |
I don't think so. I looked at the Dremel blades at Home Depot and the holes are shaped differently. There's another brand that other people like but I haven't seen it or its blades to see if they would work. The HF is about 45 miles from me too, so I can't just run over there either. Good luck with your primer. |
- Posted by desertsteph (My Page) on Thu, Nov 10, 11 at 16:23
Rockwell's been running a tv ad for theirs... and just saw one by Procter Cable (?) online. they run 120 - 140 tho. they do include several blades, they sand, come with case. guess I'd better buy a number of blades then. going over there once a month is ok. it's just down the road from where i do laundry. Many days (like today) I can't drive. I should be ok tho if I buy up some blades. |
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Heartbeats By Lady Gaga – High Resolution In-Ear Headphones Collection
After yesterday's media event with Dr. Dre, Jimmy Iovine, Noel Lee, and Lady Gaga, here are the details on the upcoming Heartbeats by Lady Gaga audio accessories. As the latest addition to Beats by Dr. Dre headphone family from Monster. Heartbeats by Lady Gaga reflect the … READ MORE
Monster x Beats By Dr. Dre – Artist Line: Heartbeats By Lady Gaga Headphones | Launch Event
Around 50 press/media outlets filed into the marble corridors of GILT at The New York Palace Hotel yesterday afternoon for a special presentation – the introduction of the first Artist Line, Heartbeats by Lady Gaga, for Beats by Dr. Dre audio accessories label. Hosted by Monster's own … READ MORE
Kanye West + Lady GaGa – Fame Kills Tour Video Announcement
Kanye West has officially announced via a new Vimeo video posted on his blog that he will indeed be going on tour with Lady GaGa this Fall as a part of the Fame Kills Tour that will be visiting numerous cities across the United States. Some had though that Kanye… READ MORE
Lady Gaga X Beats By Dr. Dre – Heartbeats Earbuds
Designed by but not limited to deliver the music of one of the industry's most famously outspoken Lady Gaga, are geometrically chic yet powerful earbuds due to release this coming October. These earbuds are produced by Dr. Dre's headphone line, Beats By Dr. Dre, and created to … READ MORE


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photo by Yunhee Kim
Makes 10 servings
- 4 cups each 1-inch cubed French bread and prepared cornbread
- 4 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 tablespoon dried thyme
- 1 pound well-spiced turkey or sweet Italian pork sausage, bulk or links (casings removed), broken into clumps
- 1 cup chopped red onions
- 1 cup chopped celery
- 1 tablespoon finely minced garlic
- 2 teaspoons dried sage leaves, crumbled
- 3/4 cup dried cranberries
- 3/4 cup chopped pecans
- 1/2 cup pitted prunes, quartered
- 1 cup defatted chicken broth
1. Preheat oven to 350°F. Place the bread cubes in a large bowl and toss with 2 tablespoons olive oil, thyme, salt, and pepper to taste. Spread the bread cubes on two baking sheets and bake for 15 to 20 minutes or until lightly toasted, shaking pans occasionally. Return to the bowl.
2. Brown the sausage in a heavy pan over medium heat. Using a slotted spoon, remove the sausage to the bowl, discarding any fat. Place the remaining 2 tablespoons olive oil in the pan and sauté the onions, celery, garlic, and sage over medium-low heat for 15 to 20 minutes or until wilted, stirring often. Combine with the bread cubes, cranberries, pecans, and prunes.
3. Drizzle the broth over the mixture to moisten as desired, then toss well. Season with salt and pepper. Bake, covered with aluminum foil, in an oven-to-table dish at 350°F for 30 to 45 minutes. Serve from the dish.
Per serving: 330 calories, 33g carbohyrdates, 12g protein, 18g fat, 40mg cholesterol
Nutritional analysis provided by Other
my notes
recipe at a glance
main ingredients: Dried Fruit, Sausage, Pecan, Bread
cuisine: American
holiday/celebration: Thanksgiving, Potluck


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Soil Fertility Matters
A Newsletter on Soil Fertility and Fallow Management in the SEA
Indigenous Pathways to Fallow Management
Dennis P. Garrity and Chun K. Lai
nspite of the rapid industrialization of some tropical countries in the Asian continent, a significant chunk of its poorest people remain dependent on shifting cultivation for livelihood. In many uplands in Asia, shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn or swidden agriculture, is the main farming system used to produce food staples such as rice, maize, cassava, and taro. Characterized by the sequential rotation of forest vegetation and cultivated food crops, it is closely linked with sociocultural values that are central to the lives and livelihood of shifting cultivators and their communities.Shifting cultivators usually slash and burn secondary forests or fallows and prepare the land for food crops. Fallows, which restore soil fertility and suppress weeds, occur between periods of food crop cultivation.
Can shifting cultivation be "sustainable"?
Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Consortium indicates that a remarkably wide range of smallholder land use options are agronomically sustainable, depending on the larger environmental and economic context. However, household labor and land constraints are often limiting factors to intensification options.
Emerging strategies
In the past, relatively low population density and abundant forest cover provided a favorable base for sustainable shifting cultivation practices with long fallow periods, ranging from 10 to 60 years.
Slash-and-no-burn alternative
In parts of Papua New Guinea, the forest vegetation is cut but the underbrush is not burned. The cut branches and leaves are laid along the contour to provide erosion control as well as to slowly release nutrients from the decaying biomass. Food crops are then planted using minimum tillage practices, such as dibble or digging sticks.
In our common quest toward developing more sustainable shifting cultivation practices, as well as alternatives to unsustainable slash-and-burn agriculture, most strategies now being employed are towards intensification.
One major challenge is to document and evaluate indigenous strategies for intensification of shifting cultivation through an integrated and iterative process of research and development. This process involves identifying promising indigenous practices, understanding them and the context in which they are used, validating their utility, extrapolating them to other locations, verifying them with key farmers in new areas, establishing their recommendation domains, and extending them more widely.
Indigenous strategies in the Asian context
Much of Asia is dominated by mountainous topography populated by diverse ethnic minority communities. Expansive forests and sparse populations allowed these mountain-dwelling communities to practice various forms of shifting cultivation, which enabled them to coexist in relative harmony with their environments. The annual cycle of slashing and burning that characterizes land preparation in shifting cultivation systems, however, has often been drawn criticized as being inefficient and a leading cause of tropical deforestation.
Detailed anthropological studies, starting with work by Harold Conklin in the Philippines, evolved a much more favorable assessment of shifting cultivation. They presented strong evidence to show that it is a rational farming system in the context of constraints and opportunities inherent in remote upland areas. They pointed to its long history as evidence of sustainability.
These studies argued that shifting cultivation is a land-use practice that does not want to destroy forests, but instead it generally reflects an
indigenous knowledge accumulated through centuries of trial and error,
intricate balance between product harvest and ecological resilience, and
impressive degree of agrodiversity.
More recent studies point to the custodial role often played by shifting cultivation communities in preserving forest ecosystems and natural species and to the tight linkages between biological and cultural diversity. This suggests that efforts in biodiversity conservation will remain ineffective, until they broaden their scope to also address cultural conservation.
One cross-cutting issue of direct relevance to research and development priorities in Asia is identifying and disseminating successful indigenous strategies for managing fallow land in more productive ways. This will enable an intensified land use that provides a higher output per unit of land, labor, or capital investment. The resulting increased productivity will more ably support the growing population densities of the uplands and alleviate the pressure to convert remnant forests into agricultural land.
Indigenous pathways to intensifying fallow management
The approaches that farmers use to change their fallow management in response to intensification pressures may generally be classified as innovations to achieve:
- More 'effective' fallows where the biological efficiency of fallow function is improved, and the same or greater production benefits can be achieved in a shorter time frame (e.g. weed suppression or soil fertility replenishment)
- More 'productive' fallows in which fallow length remains the same or is actually lengthened as the farmer adds value to the fallow by introducing more economic species, or
- Combination of the two where both biophysical and economic benefits may be obtained.
One of the most promising approaches to identify biophysically workable and socially acceptable technologies is to document and understand case studies of indigenous adaptations that are successful.
Unfortunately, there is little documentation of such indigenous innovations for the formulation of the national and international research agenda or to inform policy makers. Indigenous innovations are generally unobserved or misinterpreted.
The Indigenous Fallow Management (IFM) Network has been attempting to build a community of workers to fill that gap. The publication 'Voices from the Forest' (Cairns, 2001) contains a large and fairly comprehensive review of many systems.
Indigenous knowledge of shifting cultivators
There is a wide menu of components from which shifting cultivators may choose to intensify land use. The salient point is to understand the array of farmer-generated solutions that have successfully permitted an intensification of shifting cultivation in the face of increasing land use pressures.
ÐArticle condensed by D.B. Magcale-Macandog and R.T. Yao from Shifting Cultivation in Asia: Diversity, Change, Indigenous Knowledge and Strategies by Dr. Dennis P. Garrity and Mr. Chun K. Lai. In: Shifting Cultivation: Towards Sustainability and Resource Conservation in Asia. International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Development Research Centre, Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development, International Center for Research in Agroforestry, and International Institute of Rural Reconstruction. 2001.
About the authors:
Dr. Dennis P. Garrity is the Director General of the International Center for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF).
Mr. Chun K. Lai is the Senior Capacity-Building Specialist Consultant of ICRAF-Southeast Asian Regional Programme.
Next Article Table of Contents
Fallow Management Strategies in Southeast Asia: Some Benefits and Constraints
Paul Burgers
otation of cropping and fallow periods is commonly practiced in many upland farming systems in Southeast Asia. Fallow periods have a number of benefits. The most important ones include soil fertility restoration, suppression of weeds, and protection of the soil against erosion. Fallows may also supply a source of cash income for the farmers through the existence or planting of specific economic valuable species. In addition, fallows may provide products that serve as agricultural inputs such as fodder and fencing materials for farms with a livestock component.Historically, in most traditional shifting cultivation systems, fallow vegetation was simply left to establish naturally after abandonment of a cropped field. In the recent decades, many households have shifted toward more active management of fallows to better serve the changing needs and priorities of the farming households.
Some of these managed fallow strategies still mimic natural vegetation succession. Usually, these strategies are based on species enrichment to increase the economic value of the fallow vegetation and have sometimes led to the development of semi-permanent tree-crop based systems (Raintree and Warner, 1987; Cairns and Garrity, 1999; Sanchez, 1999). Other management strategies focus on the intensification of the cropping period through the incorporation of species that enhance soil fertility restoration as the traditional fallow period is shortened. The different strategies are largely a result of the dynamic context in which people live. This context consists of changes in the biophysical, social, economic, and political environment.
People in the forest margins: pioneers and indigenous forest farmers
Forest farming communities in Southeast Asia can be broadly defined as consisting of two groups: pioneers or colonists and indigenous forest farmers.
The pioneer or colonist group includes households that have migrated to the upland areas for safety reasons due to political instability or wars. It also includes households that have migrated due to the deterioration of their livelihood to the point where upland migration is the only option. A third subset of this group consists of more voluntary pioneers, who see greater prospects for wealth accumulation in the uplands (White, 1991; Dietz et al., 1992). These more voluntary pioneers are, on the whole, relatively resource-rich migrants (usually through off-farm employment) who invest in forest conversion to establish perennial and annual cash crop gardens. These various pioneer households are generally unfamiliar with the natural environment in which they operate and do not rotate crops. They are more likely to abandon cropped fields once the soils have become badly and frequently irreversibly degraded (Fujisaka and Wollenberg, 1991; Sunderlin, 1997).
The second group, indigenous forest farmers, consists of communities that have practiced forest farming and lived in the forest margins for generations. They have gradually accumulated local ecological knowledge and experiences through decades of trial-and-error experimentation in and with the natural environment. They have learned to practice agriculture sustainably, enabling them to satisfy their livelihoods at the forest margins without causing large-scale deforestation. Slash-and-burn techniques are an integral part of this groups rotational farming systems, which have featured short cropping periods followed by long forest fallows to restore soil fertility.
Fallow management strategies
Indigenous forest farming communities have developed fallow management strategies over time to adapt to changing environmental, economic, social, and political conditions. Three types of adaptive strategies have been distinguished: (1) improved fallows focusing on increasing the rate of restoration of soil fertility and other ecosystem properties following cropping such as reduction in pernicious weed populations; (2) enriched fallows focusing on increasing the direct economic benefits of the
natural fallow vegetation; and (3) a focus on integrating soil fertility and economic benefits through integration of livestock (Raintree and Warner, 1987; Cairns and Garrity, 1999; Sanchez, 1999).
Benefits and constraints of improved fallows
For households that rely solely on upland farming and live too far away from markets where they can easily sell their products or buy food and inputs for their agricultural system, soil fertility restoration for food cropping usually remains the dominant purpose of the fallow. The approaches that have been developed by the farming households to manage the fallow and its component species to enhance production of the cropping system can be summarized as follows: (1) restore soil fertility more completely during a fallow period of the same length,
(2) shorten the fallow period and increase the cropping intensity while maintaining the same level of soil fertility at the start of each cropping cycle, or (3) a combination of (1) and (2). For example, in Nagaland, northeast India, the stumps of the alder trees in the Alnus nepalensis-based fallow system are kept in the field during the cropping season so that during the fallow period, they will coppice rapidly, forming a closed canopy of nutrient-rich biomass that can be cut to enrich the soil before the next cropping phase. In northern Vietnam, the introduction of leguminous trees such as Tephrosia candida has enabled a decrease in fallow length from 10-15 to 4-6 years (Siem and Phien, 1993; Fagerstrom, 1999).
In systems where the fallow period becomes too short for trees to grow, shrubs become the dominant fallow species. An example of a shrub that enhances soil fertility is Tithonia
diversifolia of the Asteraceae family (daisy fallow species). It is commonly found in shrub-based fallow systems in the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia where it is used to enhance soil fertility.Finally, the establishment of seasonal fallows between harvesting and planting seasons may be the final option for restoring soil fertility in systems where fallow periods are further
reduced, as in the case of Mimosa invisa fallows in the Philippines. In these systems, fallow management is gradually replaced by semi-permanent cropping systems that may or may not be able to sustain production.Shortening the fallow period carries the risk of over-intensification, degradation of the soil, and a decline in household food security. A simple model of crop fallow systems (Van Noordwijk, 1999) suggests that to obtain maximum crop yields per hectare in a sustainable way, soil fertility at the start of each new cropping cycle needs to be about 55% of the maximum value or higher. Effects on biodiversity are also a concern as fallows are improved, as the introduction of a single or several species for specific fallow purposes tends to reduce plant diversity of the fallows.
Benefits from and constraints to enriched fallows
Enriched fallows are observed in areas where livelihood needs and aspirations of the households change and economic considerations grow in importance. These are areas where links with urban areas and the monetary economy intensify, where there are large enough markets to sell agricultural surpluses, and where there are significant alternatives on-farm or off-farm employment opportunities. The growing need and desire to obtain cash income often result in a partial shift from subsistence farming to production of economically valuable annual crops and perennials for the market. In particular, when farming households largely depend on their off-farm income for their livelihood, fallow lands may be planted with trees that have long maturity periods as an investment strategy.
One of the management strategies for enriching fallows is to plant and promote the growth of economically valuable species in the fallow vegetation, including fruit and other non-timber tree species to obtain cash income (Wiersum, 1997a; Van Noordwijk and Swift, 1999). In some highly degraded lands of Sumatra, Indonesia, households have converted traditional fallows to multi-story tree-crop plantations of rubber, fruit trees, and rattan (Gouyon et al, 1993; Angelsen, 1995; Dove, 1998). Other management strategies include the planting of rattan in natural fallows in the Philippines and Indonesia (Godoy, 1990; Siebert and Belsky, 1994) and the enrichment of fallow vegetation with paper mulberry in northern Laos.
A system of relay-planting vegetables, coffee, and cinnamon in sequence is practiced in Kerinci, West Sumatra, Indonesia, to provide short-, medium-, and long-term cash income (Burgers and William, 2000). By imitating the crop-succession phases of a natural fallow, vegetables are planted first to provide the short-term cash income during the initial 2 years of establishment of forest-like structure of coffee-based system. After 2 years of coffee growth, vegetable growing is not feasible anymore due to overshadowing the coffee trees. At this time, cinnamon seedlings are planted in the coffee stand. After 3-4 years of earnings from the coffee harvest, the canopies of the cinnamon trees close and coffee can no longer be harvested. From this time on, the branches of some cinnamon trees are harvested to satisfy daily and/or weekly cash needs. The bark of all the trees (the main product) may be sold at once when a large sum of cash is needed.
Similar strategies are applied to establish smallholder rubber gardens in Sumatra (De Jong, 2001) and rattan and rubber forest gardens intercropped with rice in East Kalimantan, Indonesia (Mussche, 2001). Such succession-based systems provide households with cash income, while the architectural structure of these tree-based systems provides a certain degree of biodiversity. The systems also minimize erosion and surface run-off of water, thus protecting both the uphill areas and rice fields in the valleys (De Foresta and Michon, 1990; Wickramasinghe, 1997; Wiersum, 1997a; Dove, 1998; Tomich et al., 1998b).
Despite the numerous benefits and the long-term steady cash flow provided by these systems, wider adoption of these strategies has been limited due to a number of factors. Foremost is the larger area of land required to satisfy cash income needs of the household, particularly during the establishment period of the trees, and the need to plant food crops. The area requirement can vary, depending on off-farm employment opportunities available to augment cash and food needs (Burgers and William, 2000; Sabirin and Hamdan, 2000). Another factor is the long waiting period before yields from the perennial crops can be harvested. During this waiting period, households would need other sources of income or food such as off-farm employment or planting of annual crops. A third factor is the increased dependence of households on market forces and increased exposure to risk due to price volatility of these cash crops when farmers plant food crops instead of non-food cash crops.
Benefits from and constraints to livestock integration
Livestock are an extremely important component of farming systems for a number of reasons. First, they are an important source of cash income through the sale of animal products such as meat, milk, and skin (Hansen, 1997). Animals such as cattle and buffalo provide draft power in land preparation (cultivation and harrowing) and in transporting farm products and household supplies. They also play an important role in nutrient cycling in mixed crop-livestock systems, depending on what they are fed and whether or not manure is brought back into the field (Huxley, 1999).
Fallow species such as Leucaena leucocephala can be used as fodder for livestock. In eastern Indonesia, households use L. leucocephala as a fallow species in a rotational system with maize (Metzner, 1983; Yuksel and Aoetpaj, 1999). In addition to being a source of fodder, these trees also serve the purpose of enhancing soil fertility as they are able to fix nitrogen in the soil.
A number of factors hinder the integration of livestock into cropping systems. A major constraint is the investment needed to acquire them and any necessary feed, fencing materials, or grazing areas. Additional labor may be needed for herding and tethering the animals. Allowing animals to roam and graze freely in the farm may lead to overgrazing of young fallow vegetation, thereby reducing the regenerative processes of a natural fallow. Also, trampling may lead to soil compaction.
The key to success in the introduction of livestock as a means of improving fallow-based farming systems depends on how well they can be integrated into the system or segregated from crops (Cairns and Garrity, 1999). Karen communities in northern Thailand have successfully integrated cattle into their farming system. They allow the cattle to graze freely in the young fallow vegetation during the fallow period and herd the animals during the cropping season of rice (Burgers and Trakamsuphakon, 2001).
In other cases, where the livestock component can be the major source of household cash income as in the remote villages of northern Laos, households may decide to invest more seriously in the integration and segregation of livestock into their farming system. In villages in Laos, households enrich fallow vegetation with forages to ensure availability of feed and they establish fences around temporary rice fields to reduce crop damage by grazing animals (IFAD et al, 2001).
Burgers, P., Trakansuphakan, P. 2001. The role of ruminants in shifting cultivation: changing perspectives. In: Shifting Cultivation: Towards Sustainability and Resource Conservation in Asia. International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Development Research Centre, Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development, International Center for Research in Agroforestry and the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction. IIRR, Cavite, Philippines.
Burgers, P., William, D. 2000. Indigenous strategies; options for sustainable agriculture in the forest margins? ILEIA Newsletter. Vol. 16 No. 3 Farming in the forest. (September 2000).
Cairns, M. (ed.) 2001. Voices from the forests: farmer solutions towards improved fallow husbandry in Southeast Asia. International Center for Research in Agroforestry. . Jakarta, Indonesia (in press).
De Jong, W. 2001. The impact of rubber on the forest landscape in Borneo. In: Angelsen, A. and Kaimowitz, I. (eds.) Agricultural technology and tropical deforestation. CAB Publishing, United Kingdom.
Dove, M.R. 1998. Living rubber, dead land, and persisting systems in Borneo. Indigenous representations of sustainability. Bijdragen tot de taal, land en volkenkunde (BKI 154-1).
Fagerstrom, M. 2000. Agroforestry systems in Northern Vietnam with Tephrosia candida as an alternative to short-fallow crop rotations. Doctoral thesis, Sveriges Lantbruks Universitet (SLU), Department of Soil Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Gouyon, A., De Foresta, H., Levang, P. 1993. Does jungle rubber deserve its name? An analysis of rubber agroforestry systems in Southeast Asia. Agrofor. Syst. 22: 181-206.
Hansen, P.K. 1997. Animal husbandry in shifting cultivation societies in Northern Laos. Technical Report No. 10. Shifting Cultivation Research Sub-programme, Lao-Swedish Forestry Programme, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR.
Huxley, P. 1999. Tropical agroforestry. Blackwell Science, Oxford, United Kingdom.
IFAD, IDRC, CIIFAD, ICRAF, and IIRR. 2001. Shifting Cultivation: Towards Sustainability and Resource Conservation in Asia. International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Development Research Centre, Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development, International Center for Research in Agroforestry and the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction. IIRR, Philippines.
Ketterings, Q.M. 1999. Fire as a land management tool in Sepunggur, Sumatra, Indonesia. Can farmers do without it? Doctoral thesis, The Ohio State University, USA.
Magcale-Macandog, D.B., Ilao, R.O., Yao, R.T., Garcia, J.N.M., Dela Cruz, A.E., 1999. Workshop proceedings on Fallow management systems documentation and participatory rapid appraisal methodology, 16-19 May 1999, Baguio City, Philippines. SEAMEO SEARCA, Laguna, College, Philippines.
Metzner, J. 1983. Innovations in agriculture incorporating traditional production methods: the case of Amarasi (Timor). Bull. of Indonesian Econ. Stud. 19(3).
Mussche, E. 2001. Regeneration of burned forest gardens after the forest fires of 1997-1998. A case study from Mencimai village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. MSc thesis, Sub-Department of Forestry, Wageningen University; University of life sciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Sabirin, Hamdan. 2000. Monoculture or polyculture? ILEIA Newsletter 16, p. 28.
Sanchez, P.A. 1999. Improved fallows come of age in the tropics. Agrofor. Syst. 47(1-3)
Siebert, S.F., Belsky, J.M. 1994. Rattan management for sustainable livelihoods. Parks 4(3).
Siem, T. N., Phien, T. 1993. Tephrosia Candida, a soil ameliorator plant in Vietnam. Contour 5(1).
Tomich, T.P. Van Noordwijk, M., Budidarsono, S. (eds). 1998. Alternatives to Slash and Burn in Indonesia: Summary report and synthesis of Phase II. ASB Indonesia Report No. 8. Bogor, Indonesia.
Van der Glas, M. 1998. Gaining ground. Land use and soil conservation in areas of agricultural colonization in South Brazil and East Paraguay. KNAG/Netherlands Geogr. Stud. 248.
Van Noordwijk, M. 1999. Productivity of intensified crop fallow rotations in the Trenbath model. Agrofor. Syst. 47:223-237.
Van Noordwijk, M., Swift, M. 1999. Belowground biodiversity and sustainability of complex agroecosystems. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Management of Agrobiodiversity for Sustainable Land Use and Global Environmental Benefits, August 19-20, 1999, Bogor, Indonesia.
White, B. 1990. Economic diversification and agrarian change in rural Java from 1900-1990. In: Alexander, P., Boomgaard, P., White, B. (eds). In the shadow of agriculture; non-farm activities in the Javanese economy, past and present. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute.
Wickramasinghe, A. 1997. Anthropogenic factors and forest management in Sri Lanka. Applied Geography 17, 87-110.
Wiersum, K.F, 1997. From natural forest to tree crops: co-domestication of forests and tree species, an overview. Nether. J. of Agric. Sci. 45: 425-438.
Yuksel, N., Aoetpaj, A. 1999. The Amarasi model: an example of indigenous natural resource management in Timor, Indonesia. Occasional paper 1999/1. Indigenous Fallow Management Network, ICRAF Southeast Asian Regional Programme.
Next Article Table of Contents
Evolving Soil Fertility Management Practices
Coen Reijntjes
Soil fertility management (SFM) is the basis for achieving sustainability of agricultural production systems. Many different practices influence soil fertility fallowing, application of organic or synthetic fertilizer, green manuring, mulching, burning, soil tillage, soil and water conservation, crop rotation, and animal and tree integration.
Every farming system has its own unique way of SFM, depending on a combination of factors: the condition of the natural resource base; available land, labor, and capital resources; history of local farming; farmers knowledge, their motivation, skills, and degree of market orientation; relative prices of inputs; and agricultural policy.
Several broad categories of farming systems may be identified, each with characteristic SFM practices. These include
Shifting cultivation and fallow systems based on natural processes of soil fertility regeneration;
Interactive pastoral and fallow systems based on nutrient harvesting by animals and fallow vegetation;
Integrated and organic agriculture typified by recycling of nutrients; and
Modern agriculture in which synthetic fertilizers and mechanization control SFM.
Within and between these categories is a wide diversity of practices.
Changing SFM practices
SFM practices are being continually modified as conditions change. As population pressure increases and land becomes scarce, SFM shifts from extensive to intensive. A framework of typologies of indigenous fallow management was developed based on case studies presented during the Conference on Indigenous Strategies for the Intensification of Shifting Cultivation in Southeast Asia held in Bogor, Indonesia. This framework provides a continuum of indigenous intensification strategies in shifting cultivation.
An example of evolving SFM is the intensification process of the Mangyan shifting cultivators in Mindoro, Philippines. The traditional strategies of using natural processes to manage crops and fallow vegetation provide options for increasing production in a sustainable way. One of these options is the replacement of slash-and-burn practices by slash-and-mulch practices.
Farmers are exploring alternative SFM strategies due to various factors. These driving forces of SFM evolution include the following:
population increase,
scarcity of arable land,
decreasing yields, and
soil degradation.
Practices fit specific conditions
Each SFM strategy fits but also needs specific conditions, farmers adopt those practices that best fit their conditions. Subsistence farmers in Nepal cannot afford and sometimes have no access to synthetic fertilizers, depending only on natural means of SFM such as use of green manure. Green manures or cover crops can successfully replace or complement synthetic fertilizers or slash-and-burn practices. Where labor is scarce or relatively expensive, farmers cannot afford the labor required for intensive recycling of organic waste. The relationship between different farming systems/SFM strategies and the different types of conditions under which farming is carried out in the mountain valleys was illustrated in Ecuador.
Soil nutrient mining and pollution
Todays pressing issues are the ecological sustainability of agriculture and the search for ways to increase production. The Nutrient Monitoring (NUTMON) model nutrient balance study in Kenya showed that farmers who participated in nutrient management programs obtained about 30% of their income from nutrient mining.
However, in other places, nutrients are lost through the sediments washed out in soil erosion, as organic waste in city areas, leached into the groundwater and volatilized in the air. All these cause pollution.
Synthetic fertilizers are frequently used in an unbalanced, inefficient, and hence, polluting way, leading to soil degradation and declining yields. Each kilogram of synthetic fertilizer used corresponds to an approximately equivalent amount of nutrients contained in organic matter.
Sustainability threatened
Despite the severity of sustainability problems, there are no broadly based studies on the many processes involved in agricultural sustainability. It was only in 1995 that the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) initiated a major study on reversing trends of declining productivity in intensive irrigated rice systems in eight countries. The study analyzed what is going on and attempted to design alternative strategies to current practices. Having this scenario, a much broader study should be conducted to analyze all the problems involved in the use of synthetic fertilizers and their socioeconomic and cultural implications.
Back to traditional farming strategies
The drive toward modern, market-oriented farming is causing severe ecological degradation and economic marginalization. Market agriculture, migrant labor, and the desire to participate in the consumer culture are sapping the cultural and spiritual basis of traditional society and place a heavy burden on survival strategies. Reorientation toward traditional farming strategies or urbanization and the consequent weakening of indigenous culture seem to be the two development polarities available to indigenous communities and resource-poor farmers.
Evidences from case studies have shown that traditional farming strategies can still provide a sustainable basis for livelihood. Farmers can make their way between subsistence farming, market farming, and urban employment and succeed in intensifying land use while controlling ecological degradation. These farmers often complement natural methods of SFM with the judicious use of small amounts of synthetic fertilizers. There are, however, many cases where farmers have been less successful. They find themselves trapped in such poverty and ecological degradation that they are forced to migrate to the cities.
Ecologically sound market agriculture
Integrated nutrient management (INM) or integrated plant nutrient systems (IPNS) refers to strategies that combine the use of internal and external sources of nutrients in a local situation. These strategies allow a more efficient, profitable and ecologically sustainable use of synthetic fertilizers and other external inputs in market agriculture, which, in turn, lowers the threshold for farmers working in less favorable conditions to become part of or remain within the market economy without degrading their system. Decreasing the cost of transport, marketing, inputs, and facilitating credit can help farmers become more competitive in the market.
Learning to adapt SFM
Given the changing conditions, needs and insights, farmers have to constantly adapt their SFM practices. However, new practices have to accommodate not only the prevailing natural, economic and cultural conditions but also the way agriculture and society have evolved over time. Evaluation of learning processes can be enhanced by learning tools and dialogues that build on traditional practices and insights.
Article extracted from Soil Fertility Under Pressure by Mr. Coen Reijntjes, ILEIA Newsl. 13(3) 4. This article is also available online at: <http://www.oneworld.org/ileia/ newsletters/13-3/13-3-4.htm> Ð
Next Article Table of Contents
Soil Management Strategies to Sustain Continuous Crop Production Between Vegetative Contour Strips on Humid Tropical Hillsides
Marco Stark
Natural vegetative strips
Contour hedgerows using nitrogen-fixing trees have been widely promoted in Southeast Asia to minimize soil erosion, restore soil fertility, and improve crop productivity, but few farmers have adopted them. This is partly because establishing and managing such hedgerows are labor-intensive. The spontaneous use of narrow buffer strips consisting of natural vegetation called natural vegetative strips (NVS) by farmers in the Philippine uplands has been viewed as a low-cost yet effective alternative to the establishment of tree hedgerows.
As in conventional hedgerow systems, however, natural terrace formation resulting from the redistribution of sediment from upper to lower terrace zones leads to the development of a soil fertility gradient with significantly lower crop yield on the degraded upper terrace zones. Concerns were therefore raised that farmers might be discouraged from using NVS if they observe reduced yields in the upper alleyways (i.e. below the contour strips) because of soil scouring. However, an increasing number of farmers in northern Mindanao, Philippines have continued establishing NVS on their sloping fields. Today, several thousand farmers in the area use the technique, in many cases, as a base for the establishment of fruit and timber trees, fodder grasses, or other perennial cash crops on the contour.
Documenting NVS
A study was conducted by the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), in the context of the Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme, to document and assess farmers strategies to improve soil fertility in NVS systems. Surveys conducted in two locations in the Philippines (Claveria, Northern Mindanao, and Matalom, Southern Leyte) showed that most farmers observed that terrace formation between buffer strips adversely affected crop performance on the upper parts of individual terraces. They attributed this to soil degradation caused by water run-off and tillage operations. However, farmers did not perceive scouring as a serious constraint, since most of them used various strategies to deal with problem. They believed that overall crop yield on contoured slopes increased.
On-farm trials were conducted in the late 1990s to validate farmers strategies in reducing and/or reverting the negative effects of soil fertility scouring on the performance of maize in NVS fields with 2030 % slope. Experimental sites were located in a degraded acidic soil environment (pH 4.55.2) typical of the majority of upland areas in the humid tropics of Southeast Asia. The skewed application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer, with up to three times higher amounts on the degraded upper terrace zones compared with more fertile lower zones, did not significantly increase crop yield for the terrace as a whole. The significant grain yield increase on the upper terrace was counterbalanced by a smaller yield increase on the lower part of the terrace that received less fertilizer inputs.
An assessment of other farmers strategies yielded the following results: 1) Placing all residues from the previous maize crop on the upper part of the terrace significantly increased fertilizer efficiency on degraded terrace zones, and 2) Applying lime improved nutrient uptake efficiency and consequently, crop yield, but there was no difference in overall yield between the skewed and uniform application of lime.
Strategies to enhance nutrient release from the soil and improve the capacity of the crops root system to acquire nutrients by raising the soil pH and increasing soil organic matter levels were recommended as long-term measures to sustain crop yield in NVS systems.
Validating and Adapting NVS Technology
Recently, research has been initiated to validate and adapt the NVS technology, along with improved soil fertility management practices, under the contrasting conditions of the shallow, calcareous soils typical of central Philippines. This is another major soil environment, common in several countries in Southeast Asia, including eastern Indonesia, parts of Vietnam, and southern China. Under shallow soil conditions in this environment, strategies that reduce soil movement, such as minimum tillage and improved fallows, require more attention. The refinement of the NVS technology and associated soil fertility management strategies under a range of contrasting soil conditions will allow the extrapolation of this low-cost soil conservation technology to a wide range of upland environments in Southeast Asia.Ð
For more information, please see:
Stark, M. 2000. Soil management strategies to sustain continuous crop production between
vegetative contour strips on humid tropical hillsides: technology development and
dissemination based on farmers adaptive field experimentation in the Philippines.
Bogor, Indonesia: International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, Southeast Asia
Regional Research Programme.
Or contact Marco Stark at <email@example.com>
Next Article Table of Contents
Fallow Systems in the Philippines: Benefits, Driving Forces, and Diversity
Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog and Richard T. Yao
Fallowing is a common practice among upland farmers in the Philippines. Native vegetation is allowed to flourish during the fallow period. Fallow is the resting of the soil or field from cultivation for a period of 6 months or more. In the tropics, fallow areas include secondary forest, abandoned cropland, pasture or degraded wasteland, and the intervening time between cropping periods of the farmland.Farmers decide to fallow their land when weeds become dominant, the soil becomes hard and sticky, red ants overrun the farm, and the crops become stunted and yellow.
Several benefits may be derived from fallowing the land:
· Restoration of soil fertility · Erosion control · Suppression of weeds through forest regrowth · Disruption of pest and disease cycles · Provision of forage for livestock · Source of firewood · Source of materials for house construction · Source of materials for making crafts · Source of herbal medicine · Generation of income from the sale of specific products · Source of domesticated, semi-domesticated, or wild forest plants · Mitigation of climate change through sequestration of carbon in tree-based fallow systems
Plant species, fallow management, and length of fallow rotation significantly influence the sites recovery and soil fertility status. The nature or kind of fallow vegetation determines the length of fallow period necessary to restore soil fertility. Compared with legume-based fallows, grass-based fallows requires longer time to restore soil fertility.
A number of indigenous and improved fallow systems have been documented. Broadly, these can be categorized into tree-based, shrub-based, herbaceous, and grass-based fallow systems. Trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants from the legume family are the most common species which, when included in fallows, can significantly shorten the fallow period. The most common leguminous tree found in both indigenous and improved fallow systems is Leucaena leucocephala. It is found in the traditional Naalad indigenous fallow system and in the Hanunuo-Mangyan swidden farms in the Philippines. L. leucocephala is also commonly found in the introduced contour hedgerow systems designed primarily to control soil erosion in sloping farms.
Although fallowing has been an age-old practice in the Philippines and several technologies have been developed to improve fallow system management, a systematic study on fallow systems anywhere in the world is still wanting and is still in its infancy stage. The aim of this review is to present the documented fallow systems in the Philippines and other on-the-ground fallow systems that were observed in the field.
Indigenous Fallow Systems
Traditional fallow systems such as the Tiruray and the Tagbanua tree-based systems are sustainable and in harmony with the forest environment. Tiruray and Tagbanwa systems have very long fallow periods that allow the regeneration of the secondary forest, which is an integral part of these swidden systems. The diverse fallow species in these fallow systems are potential sources of products that could serve as sources of cash income, raw materials for crafts, timber for construction, and medicine.
Driving Forces
These traditional fallow systems have been modified over time. Several forces have driven the evolution of different fallow systems in the Philippines. Population pressure and the necessity to meet the food demands of the population have forced farmers to intensify the cropping phase and ultimately shorten the characteristic long period of fallow in the traditional sustainable shifting cultivation systems.
The main purpose of fallowing the land is to restore soil fertility levels. Improvement of fallow systems through the introduction of herbaceous legumes (Pueraria phaseoloides, Vigna radiata, Glycine max, Arachis hypogaea and Vigna sinensis), leguminous shrubs (Mimosa invisa and Calopogonium mucunoides) and fast-growing leguminous trees (L. leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium) has been observed in several fallow systems in the Philippines.
Soil fertility was restored in a much shorter time frame using legume-improved fallows, in contrast to the traditional fallow systems in which the native vegetation is allowed to regenerate naturally during the fallow period. Soil fertility recovery was hastened through the incorporation of leaves into the soil as green manure and mulch to protect the soil from erosion. Some nonleguminous shrubs such as Chromolaena odorata are allowed to proliferate in fallow areas due to their beneficial effect on the build up of organic matter in the soil.
The governments concern for soil erosion control in the Philippine uplands was a major driving force in the widespread introduction and proliferation of hedgerow systems in the mid-1970s and early 1980s. Leguminous trees such as L. leucocephala and G. sepium are popular hedgerow species introduced in the sloping uplands at this time. Besides helping control erosion, they also serve as sources of organic material and nitrogen for the crops planted in the alleys between the hedgerows.
The Philippine fallow species can be classified into three categories: (1) tree-based; (2) shrub-based; and (3) grass/herb-based (Magcale-Macandog, Yao and Degal 1999). Ð


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As the 7th annual Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) continues this week (May 5-8) in Pittsburgh, many environmentalists are finding themselves in disagreement on the subject.
CCS has become a popular option in dealing with greenhouse gas emissions, especially by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). CCS technology traps and stores massive quantities (in the ground or the ocean) of carbon dioxide that come from coal power plants.
Earlier this week, the DOE gave more than $126.6 million to the West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (WESTCARB) and the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) for the two large-scale carbon sequestration projects. In December, the DOE awarded $66.7 million to the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium for another sequestration project. These projects involve testing diferent sites to prove that a geologic formation can safely, permanently and economically store more than one million tons of carbon dioxide. Carbon sequestration is a key component of the Bush administration's plan to seek clean coal technology, and thereby, meet future energy needs.
Greenpeace, meanwhile, just published "False Hope," a report that denounces carbon capture, calling it a "scam." The author of the piece, Emily Rochon, says, "It is the ultimate coal industry pipe dream….and an excuse for coal companies to build more coal plants.
"The technology is not insurmountable," says Rochon, "but at what cost and in what time frame?" Greenpeace, she says, is not opposed to the concept of CCS, but to the "promise" of CCS. It's diverting attention from real solutions."
Greenpeace also has concerns that stored carbon could leak and pollute groundwater reserves. Other environmental groups such as Friends of the Earth (FOE) International are split. Some agree with Greenpeace, saying they are concerned that carbon capture and storage are a false promise. Other members of FOE see CCS as one tool in reducing emissions from existing coal power plants.
The United Nations Climate Panel says that CCS is one of the major ways to slow climate change by 2100, in addition to energy efficiency and shifts to renewable energy.
The Worldwatch Institute reports that the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and the Environmental Defense Fund are already lobbying for CCS. The Sierra Club and the World Wildlife Fund are somewhat leery of the technology.
The problem with CCS technology is that it is still unproven, says Ben Block of the Worldwatch Institute. It may be technically feasible, but the costs and the timing are not known. Institute president Christopher Flavin says that unlike proven technologies such as solar and wind power, CCS should not be assumed to be a major solution to climate change.
A 2007 report by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) stated that the CCS program is not on track to achieve large-scale commercial operation for at least another 10 years. Meanwhile, the NRDC's George Peridas says that as long as the American coal industry wants to build new plants, CCS is needed.
The conference, says Rochon, was a good mix of people — engineers and academics — with good intentions. But during the three-day event, the subject of "clean coal" was mentioned.
"There is no such thing as clean coal," she says. "It's an oxymoron."
Environmentalists on all sides of the argument will be taking note of what transpires as the this week's CCS conference draws to a close.
Copyright © 2008 GreenRightNow.com | All Rights Reserved


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Here's a couple pictures of our new buffet. We bought this for $125 from a couple DD knows who's moving to Hawaii.
Kath, sure hope you find what your looking for soon and hope you've had some time for a little R & R after your remodel. I never thought about having to figure out what to put on it AND above it when I said I'd take it! With the heat control above on the wall and the cadet on the side "Oh my word" what was I thinking when I bought this. So I hung my sign "Chocolate Makes My Clothes Shrink" (which it does) and placed a swag above it to share a picture here. I wanted to hang a mirror above but didn't have one on hand that I wanted to try. Here's TJ in her new wooden high chair. I found this hc at a ys for $10. The tray was cracked in half so DH glued and clamped it back together. What can one expect for $10, right? We never did go look for DH's from his childhood and now probably never will. TJ's complaining, she's been sitting here for days. She's hungry and there's still nothing in her bowl. Jeanne, she will probably want to live at your house permanently with her sister before long. I must be like the stepmother.LOL Hope your all staying well during this heat. We are suppose to be in the 90's tomorrow. Punk |
Follow-Up Postings:
Punk Your "new buffet" is Lovely. TJ's high chair was a lucky find. She does look anxious to get out of it though!! The heat and humidity have been awful here too. We are supposed to get some relief today for a few days. Here's hoping. NanaK |
- Posted by marylee_2010 (My Page) on Sun, Jul 24, 11 at 11:43
Punk...I agree with NanaK. Everything looks lovely. We still have 90 degree weather here, but it finally rained last night and that should help things a little. Marylee |
- Posted by luvstocraft (My Page) on Sun, Jul 24, 11 at 12:17
Punk, Your little gal looks so cute and what a neat high chair you found! Either dish up some food for that little gal or let her go play, okay? LOL Nice find on the buffet. Love that it has such a cute drawer too. You will enjoy having the extra display space too. Nana and Marylee, I have forgotten where you both live. Here in so. Ca. our prediction is for the low 90's today so I'm not going to complain too much as long as we stay below three digits--but I really prefer the 70's and 80's! Was thinking we should go see a movie this afternoon, and it's always cool in there! Luvs |
- Posted by jeannespines (My Page) on Sun, Jul 24, 11 at 15:04
punk..wow, that buffet is lovely! What a deal & it looks like good storage doors in the bottom...you'll have fun looking for the perfect mirror for it...that will be beautiful! I like the 'fix' you used to fix it up for now...we all need those 'chocolate fixes!' LOL! I love those lamps & your candlesticks/candles & touches you added. & TJ looks really cute in her GS high chair! Looks like a nice one...& the tray is good size. Bet you'll be watching for TJ t'scape items now when you're out thrifting & such! Anyway, I do ...crazy woman!!! LOL! TFS! Jeanne S. |
Luvs, I live in NE Pennsylvania. We normally get a lot of hot and humid days, but nothing this extreme. I'm trying not to complain too much, but it really is draining. Oh well what can you do? NanaK |
- Posted by marlene_2008 (My Page) on Sun, Jul 24, 11 at 21:15
Such a pretty buffet! Love your display too! Your doll has her hands out as if to say "When is dinner time?" Too funny! She looks so life like too! |
- Posted by christmascandy (My Page) on Sun, Jul 24, 11 at 23:01
That buffet is gorgeous. You are going to have so much fun decorating it. The chocolate sign is too true! I agree that TJ seems to be asking for her dinner! LOL TFS, |
Punk...what a beautiful Buffet - I would have snapped that beauty up with out hesitation - brought it home and then thought about it too - just like you. Beauties like that don't come along that often and for that price. You'll have fun putting displays on it, and we'll all get to enjoy seeing what you do! Little TJ's high chair is another beauty and your DH did a great job on repairing it...another fabulous buy. She does look rather sad with that empty dish in front of her and her hands out pleading for food! Gosh Girl...how can you stand her looking at you with that sweet face and pleading eyes ?? Even if it's 'play food'..give that little darling something..I'm sure your DGD could find something that would make her happy !!! LOL I can tell, this is going to be another fun project for you...and us! jane |
- Posted by janet1_2007 (My Page) on Mon, Jul 25, 11 at 22:04
Tj is so sweet. be a good mommie and give her some ice cream to cool her down in this heat. Your buffet is great. IVe always found moving sales to be good . My DDiL has found great things, but then she lives in an Air Force Base community where people are always moving. Not a everything thing here in my county. People seldom move here. That high chair was a real find too. TFS Janet |
DD ended up in the hospital yesterday morning so I couldn't get back here to comment. She has streph so bad she couldn't breathe so they had to tube her and then put her on oxygen. She is doing well today and hopefully it will clear up soon. She had her tonsils out when she was a junior so she didn't think it could be streph so she dealt with a sore throat for a day or so before she could no longer bare the pain. Thanks so much everyone for all your comments on TJ and the buffet. I will come back and comment and post more pictures of my table and TJ in the next few days. I'm so tired and need to head to bed tonight. Punk |
- Posted by oldalgebra (My Page) on Tue, Jul 26, 11 at 18:49
Oh, dear! I was all set to comment on the buffet and dollie(which I adore, by the way), and then I read the last post. Gosh, I hope everything is clearing up. Do keep us posted. |
- Posted by jeannespines (My Page) on Tue, Jul 26, 11 at 23:13
Hugs to you & DD, punk...will be thinking of you both...take good care. Jeanne S. |
- Posted by purplemoon (My Page) on Wed, Jul 27, 11 at 5:05
Punk, I hope your DD is doing a lot better! That was a terrible infection to send her to the hospital. Scary. Your buffet was a wonderful buy! I know you will really enjoy decorating it. Its sure a pretty piece! Speaking of pretty...Miss TJ is that and more. I was so glad to see her again. She's too sweet to 'complain', but it does look like she wants something besides an empty bowl. ;o) Take care and sending good thoughts for your DD. |
Thanks for the well wishes for DD. She is better but had to go back to the doc for more medicine. I think she needs to slow down and eat more. Thought I'd better get some more pictures posted tonight while I have the time. I set the table with my chili pepper placemats and napkin rings since some are harvesting already. The small bowls and gr flatware were ys finds that I shared with you earlier this year. DD brought TJ a high chair cover that was DGD's. I found one of DGD's treats for her bowl. I had bought this sign for DGD but thought it would be cute above TJ in her high chair. Punk |
- Posted by jeannespines (My Page) on Tue, Aug 2, 11 at 23:08
punk...glad you added to this post & happy to hear DD is doing better...it takes time to get built back up...hugs to you both. Love your VIVID hot peppers t'scape...like the Red & Black combo esp. ... & your stacking in each place setting is so cool! Those square plates (colors) really catch my eye & look great w/pepper placemats! Pretty little bowls, too. Oh, & TJ just looks so cute w/DGD's accessories & that little puppy to keep her company! TFS, punk! Jeanne S. |
Trying again For some reason GW kicked me off. Using your clili pepper placemats are the perfect backdrop for the brilliant red napkins and subtle green of the square plates and glasses. That with the black candle holders and vase make a stunning table. Little Miss TJ looks comfy with her high chair cover. Her treat looks yummy I bet she will want to share it with her new puppy! I really enjoyed your post Punk,TFS Nana |
Thanks Jeanne and Nana for all your sweet comments on this table. I have another project we're working on so will be sharing if it comes together. I'm sure you will all think I'm nuts when you see it. Punk |
Punk...glad I checked back on this post..I didn't realize your DD was in the Hosp - (been away)...I'm glad to hear tho that she's doing much better. The worries over your kids never ends no matter what their age.. Love your 'Hot Pepper' tablescape..Very striking colors. Those placemats look great with your napkins and your layered dishes. (love the bowls)... I also like the two color combo of your glassware. jane |
- Posted by kathleen_li (My Page) on Fri, Aug 5, 11 at 20:27
So glad DD is doing better. Love the buffet and TJ is just a beauty! |
Jane and Kathleen, just found out that DD has something going on with her kidneys. She doesn't drink alcohol and never has. They say it's from working out and running 5 miles a day so we'll see what her doctor suggests. She's so skinny and loves to stay active. I think she eats to healthy if that's possible. Thanks for the comments. Punk |
Punk...Could be Stones...I've been plagued with them since my 20's..and will be going into the Hosp this week for another bout to remove them.. Does she drink lots of water? That's my main problem - I don't drink much water... I hope with your DD it's nothing serious... Please keep us posted...Will keep her in my prayers.. jane |
- Posted by jeannespines (My Page) on Mon, Aug 8, 11 at 1:12
Yes, added to prayer list, punk...& Jane...will be thinking of you, too...not fun to go to the hospital...but worth it when the pain is gone! Jeanne S. |
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STAGE TUBE: Inside the Studio with Hubbard Street Dance Chicago's CASI-CASA
In the video below, go inside the studio with Hubbard Street Dance Chicago's Ana Laguna and Mariko Aoyama, who discuss staging the emotional and evocative "Casi-Casa" for Hubbard Street, along with Artistic Director Glenn Edgerton and dancers Meredith Dincolo and Jonathan Fredrickson.
This work, originally created for Danza Contemporanea de Cuba, resounds with emotion. The company premiere is set for December 6-9 at the Harris Theater for Music and Dance.
Film by HMS Media.
Related Links |
The Joyce Theater to Welcome Malpaso Dance Company, 3/3-8 January 29, 2015 |
Hubbard Street Dance Chicago Announces its New General Manager, Karena Fiorenza Ingersoll January 13, 2015 |
Hubbard Street Welcomes New General Manager January 12, 2015 |
The Joyce Theater to Present PARSONS DANCE, 1/21-2/1 January 05, 2015 |
Hubbard Street Dance Chicago Announces Schedule for Spring 2015 Studio Series December 24, 2014 |
About Author
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- STAGE TUBE: First Look at Season 2 of STARZ's BLACK SAILS


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quote:Does anyone else sort of miss those days?
quote:Gerry Dinardo was a great coach. I think he underappreciated.
quote:n 96 we held signs saying "dinardo for president" in 97 we held signs saying "fire that bumb" we are very wishy washy fans. great when you win.
quote:So nothing has changed in 16 years.
quote:First off, we were terrible. Even our best years in the 90s resulted in mediocre bowl games and single digit wins.


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Rico Oklahoma City Thunder Metal License Plate
Product Information:
Take your team spirit to the road with the Rico® Oklahoma City Thunder Metal License Plate. This officially licensed product features team colors with the team name and logo. The frame is made with four holes for mounting and is plated with high quality aluminum for an extra shine. Show everyone who you root for with the Rico® Metal License Plate.
- Team-inspired metal license plate
- Team colors featuring team name and logo
- Dimensions: 6" x 12"
- Officially licensed NBA® product
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Country of Origin: Imported
Web ID: 17945796


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Nate of San Francisco, writes:
Hi Peter, my wife and I are looking into a new King size mattress set. We tried the Simmons Beautyrest Vanderbilt 'Ashton' extra firm and it felt good. Our budget is around $2500. The problem that we are having now is that I have degenerative disc problems from L2-L4, sciatica, and herniated disc at L5-S1. I am 5'11, 200lbs, and my wife is 5'4". We are both back and side sleepers, and sleep hot. After reading some of your suggestions, you mentioned about interlocked coils are better for pepole who have back problem than having independent coils. Should we consider the interlocked coils? Any specific pillowtop? Also you mentioned about Sealy Springfree latex mattress as well as Stearns & Fosters, would you please give us some suggestions on which mattress is suitable for us?
Hi Nate. With back sleeping as one of your primary positions, the interlocked coils are a must. You'll find it painful to sleep on any mattress that provides contouring support while on your back. The more rigids support of an interlocked coil will help keep your discs in place. However, I wouldn't suggest an extra firm mattress. As a side sleeper, you'll need some give on the surface for comfort. There needs to be some cushioning for your shoulder and hip.
The models to look for are the Stearns & Foster level 2 firm. We have it as the Caravelle. You can see it at Sears as the Grenoble. Also, any of the Signature series Sealy Posturepedics...except for the very firm ones.
With these, you'll find that they not only provide the right support, but won't cost as much as you're planning to spend.


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Opened 8 years ago
Closed 8 years ago
#8 closed enhancement (fixed)
Turn IExporter.process() into a generator
Reported by: | olivier | Owned by: | yomguy |
Priority: | major | Milestone: | Version 0.3 |
Component: | Export | Version: | |
Keywords: | Cc: |
Please make the process() method a generator (or return an iterator object), for enabling real-time operations. The source file should be encoded in real time, using an internal buffer, and a chunk of encoded data returned each time <iterator>.next() is called (remark: next() is called transparently by "for" loops and others).
Example usage:
stream = exporter.process(1234, 'foobar.wav', {}, {}) for chunk in stream: send_chunk_to_user(chunk) etc...
You might transparently cache the returned data to avoid encoding each time process() is called with identical parameters.
Change History (5)
comment:1 Changed 8 years ago by olivier
- Type changed from defect to enhancement
comment:2 Changed 8 years ago by olivier
I've had new ideas about the cache: I think it must be handled by an external module. So please don't implement caching. For now, you can simply encode every time process() is called.
comment:3 Changed 8 years ago by olivier
- Owner changed from yomguy to olivier
comment:5 Changed 8 years ago by yomguy
- Resolution set to fixed
- Status changed from new to closed
Made all exporters generators.
Input audio raw data is now passed into sox while encoding (no decoding needed anymore...).


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Goo Goo Dolls Daughtry Plain White T's Friday, July 18, 2014 Produced by Kesey Enterprises and Double Tee Concerts
All Ages General Admission Advance Tickets on sale now at all Safeway TicketsWest outlets, online at ticketswest.com, and the Cuthbert Box Office (show nights only) for $41.50, which includes a City of Eugene facility fee / parking.
Tickets day of show will cost $47.
Gates open at 5:30 p.m. Show starts at 6:45 p.m.
All tickets subject to service charges and/or user fees.
Goo Goo Dolls
After more than two decades as a band, with nine albums, a catalog of songs that have become ingrained in the pop consciousness and countless concerts for millions of fans, the Goo Goo Dolls are feeling particularly good about their new album: Magnetic.
More to the point, the Goo Goo Dolls are feeling particularly good. Period.
"This album was really upbeat and fun," says John Rzeznik, the trio's primary singer, songwriter and guitarist since it was founded in Buffalo in 1986. "I don't think we've made a record like this in a while. Just had a great time doing it."
It's a great time overall for the musicians. Bassist Robby Takac, whose partnership with Rzeznik has been the band's foundation since the start, and his wife have just had their first child. And Rzeznik is getting married this summer.
Not to mention that recently three of the band's songs placed in Billboard's Top 100 of 1992-2012, with "Iris" standing at No. 1. That song has also connected with a new generation, as Dolls fan Taylor Swift has been performing it in her concerts.
That joy is all there in the spirit of the 11 new songs on the album, for which Rzeznik, Takac and drummer Mike Malinin — the lineup steady since 1995 — recorded in New York, London and Los Angeles with Gregg Wattenberg (Train), Rob Cavallo (Green Day), John Shanks (Bon Jovi) and Greg Wells (Katy Perry). From the celebratory single "Rebel Beat" to the love-rediscovery ballad "Slow It Down," from the blue-collar anthem "Keep the Car Running" to the meltingly romantic "Come to Me," Magnetic is an album bursting with a spirit of renewal. And nowhere is it more explicit than in one of two Takac-penned songs: "Happiest of Days."
"All the writing is an extension of ourselves," Rzeznik says. "My life's amazing. When I sit and think about my life, it really has been incredible."
No argument from Takac.
"It's pretty amazing to me," he says. "All these years now we've been playing in this band together and we still somehow manage to grow. That allows us to keep making it happen. We never denied what the situation was at the moment. Right now we're here and living this moment, and some cool things are happening in our lives."
It's a contrast from the poetically introspective tone of 2010's Something For the Rest of Us, which reflected some personal turmoil.
"This album feels like this is where we came out the other side and are in the daylight again," he says. "Got a little dark on the last record. But that was something I needed to do, where I was at. This is where I am now. Yeah, you know — I got myself up, brushed myself off and looked around, and things were fine. Why not celebrate?"
In the course of only five years, Chris Daughtry has had more than his share of career highlights. The singer, songwriter, and musician from North Carolina has released back-to-back No. 1 albums, the 4x-platinum DAUGHTRY (which became the fastest-selling rock debut in Soundscan history) and 2009's platinum Leave This Town. DAUGHTRY has scored four No. 1 Top 40 hits ("It's Not Over, "Home," "Feels Like Tonight," and "No Surprise"), earned four Grammy Award nominations (including "Best Rock Album" for DAUGHTRY), won four American Music Awards, and brought its electrifying live show to all corners of the world, including sold-out arenas in South Africa, Singapore, and The Philippines. So when it came time to record their third album, Break the Spell, it would have been understandable if Chris and the band — which includes guitarists Josh Steely and Brian Craddock, bassist Josh Paul, and drummer Robin Diaz — decided to stick to what they knew worked. Thing is, that's not how they work. "I didn't want to make the same record," Chris says of how he felt before the band hit the studio in March 2011 with long-time producer Howard Benson. "Howard called me and said he had some ideas for what we needed to do to differentiate this album. He said, 'I really think we need to push ourselves.' He was blown away by the songs we had sent over, which is very hard to do with that guy, so everything was really positive out of the gate." The result is Break the Spell — a gleaming showcase for Chris's powerful, emotionally resonant voice and knack for relentless melodic hooks and big, anthemic choruses. The album enables the band to evolve musically while aiming to satisfy its many long-time fans. "Going in to the writing sessions, we said, 'Let's not try to sound like anything. Let's just write, and see what happens,'" says Chris, who co-wrote every song with either one of his band-mates or such collaborators as Marti Frederiksen, Busbee, and Brett James. "We came up with some pretty interesting tunes that sound nothing like anything we've done before. Even though some of them didn't make the album, the process stretched us and took us to new places. It was the first time I've said, 'It doesn't sound like us, but I can see us doing that.'" You can hear their risk-taking on such primal, slithering rockers as hard-driving first single "Crawing Back To You," "Outta My Head," and "Renegade," which Entertainment Weekly praised for its "wind-in-your-eyes hook and leather-glove-to-the-sky chorus" calling it "the ideal soundtrack for hitting the highway." The songs reflect the confident swagger of some of Chris' favorite bands. "I was listening to a lot of old Aerosmith and Def Leppard and I wanted to make a rock record that that was really upbeat and hard-hitting," Chris says. "There were a couple of tracks on Leave This Town that were heavy, but as a whole, the album was very polished. Break the Spell is more fist-pumping, if you will. I wouldn't say the songs are stripped-down, but they have a bit more room to breathe." That extra space has the effect of allowing the words to shine more brightly, which became important to Chris when he realized that some of the songs had gone deeper lyrically than anything he had written to date. The birth of his twins in November 2010 "definitely sparked something in me," he says, and led to such moving ballads as "Gone Too Soon." At one point during the writing session, Chris had to walk out to collect himself. "The song is about realizing that today could have been the day that someone would be blowing out the candles," Chris says. "It just hit me pretty hard. I remember playing the demo for my brother and I turned around and he was bawling. I didn't realize that my brother's wife had suffered a miscarriage years before. It was a pretty emotional moment."
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If your pup didn't already love Himalayan Dog Chews, these treats will do the trick!
Yaky Yam Strength dog treats from Himalayan Dog Chew are packed with the protein your dog needs to stay healthy and hardy. These all-natural, gluten free baked treats are the perfect combination of a standard Himalayan Dog Chew and the nutritional benefits of sweet potatoes, with chicken for protein power! Yaky Yam Strength treats are ideal for creating and rebuilding muscle. They also help new mothers produce milk and complete a diabetic dog's diet!
Himalayan Dog Chew products are proudly made in the USA.
Guaranteed Analysis:
Crude Protein: Min 35.1%
Crude Fat: Min 15.9%
Crude Fiber: Max 5.8%
Moisture: Max 7.9%
Yak and cow milk, sweet potato, chicken powder, brown rice flour, chicken broth, salt, lime juice.


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Patricia Davis, former director of the Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA, recently wrote The Echoes of Guatemala's Nightmares Past where she links today's repression with that of the past. Everything that she writes is troubling.
In light of these events, it is becoming clear that a mini version of Guatemala's war is being fought with little notice. It involves a struggle over land and rights, complete with death squad activity. Meanwhile, as in the past, impunity reigns. Those who testified against the country's former dictator have been swept aside, along with their right to justice, and another mass grave has been dug by Guatemala's powerful, this time for the truth.Now I still think that there's less impunity than there was just a short time ago, but the attacks against campesinos and human rights defenders are growing more worrisome.
The Knight Center on Journalism in the Americas also writes about a Cyberattack on El Periódico in Guatemala is the most recent in a long history of aggressions.
On April 8, El Periódico, one of the principal independent newspapers in Guatemala, published an extensive and unflattering portrait of Vice President Roxana Baldetti.
Written by the newspaper's president, José Rubén Zamora, and the director of the MEPI Foundation, Ana Arana, the article "Un cuento de hadas sin final feliz," a fairytale without a happy ending, highlighted the corruption scandals that hound people close to the official and questioned Baldetti's luxurious lifestyle during the last decade, including trips around the world by her youngest son in private jets and properties in Guatemala valued at over $10 million.
Days after the publication of the report, El Periódico suffered its sixth cyberattack in as many months, temporarily knocking the newspaper offline. Zamora blames President Otto Pérez's administration for the attacks.The attacks against El Periodico come one month after one of its reporters, Sofia Mechu, was personally threatened after writing about the President's connections to Captain Byron Lima Oliva. Lima is serving a prison sentence for his involvement in the murder of Bishop Juan Gerardi.
Prensa Libre |
I made similar statements after the Peten massacre and the January murders of the four women. However, after what I saw as progress in 2011 and 2012, the last six months (from just before the Totonicapan massacre) have been a clear reversal. The president's support for vigilante justice earlier this year, the emerging threats surrounding the trial, and the increasing dysfunction of congress, the executive branch and most government agencies don't provide much optimist that things are going to turn around quickly.


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Skynet didn't kick off Defcon 1, Jesus died for our sins (again), Kate Middleton successfully said the right words in the correct order, OBL was buried at sea and we all had some barbecues to celebrate surviving this wave of apocalypse.
Seeing as not much really happened, we should have new things to get excited about. How about some speaker announcements for Playful 2011? Okay then:
First up is Matthew Sheret.
Many people know him as the "data griot" for Last.fm where he tells stories with our scrobbles, but he's also one of the fine people behind We Are Words and Pictures. We're longstanding fans of Paper Science, so thought we'd put Matt on a stage to talk about about Time Lords, frothing and how the writer of X-Men has him looking for a Dungeon Master in everyday life.
Next is Georgina Voss.
Georgina is a tech outlaw who spends her time researching and hacking poor, defenceless hardware, playing with domestic technologies, ethics and that sort of thing. It's all very interesting. The words Georgina will be saying at Playful will centre around how consent and negotiation are designed into playful and interactive events and what non-consensual interaction experiences may develop.
The third course in this tasty speaker meal is Marcus Brown.
Marcus is currently Head of Social Media at Booming in Munich. He has spent the last few years being other people on the internet — The Kaiser, Sacrum, Charles Stab, The Lord God Almighty and Jack The Twitter to name a few. At the heart of it all, Marcus is a naughty tinker and a brilliant storyteller. At Playful, he will be talking about life Beyond The Middle Aged Future, and making people see that reality is still valid.
The final announcement for this post is Chris O'Shea.
Chris spoke at Playful '09, and has been very busy since then creating wonderful installations, digital toys and fun experiences. Chris makes some of the sweetest, brightest and most interesting augmented reality projects using his big bag of interactive tricks. We're looking forward his return and talk about the future of screens across urban gaming, technology and portable devices.
There's still a handful of tickets left, chow down on them (purchase) before they go cold (sell out).
That's it for now. Quite enough to be getting along with, I think. Yum.


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Jonesy's EatBar
Housed in the original soda fountain of a 1950s-era pharmacy under a restored tin roof, Jonesy's EatBar forges a vibe as warm and friendly as the service. There's a great patio for watching beautiful Denver sunsets or relaxing with the gang over one of Jonesy's specialty cocktails. The kitchen cranks out great food thanks to Chef Brendon Doyle's commitment to excellent ingredients and a belief that cooking is all about season and simplicity. Jonesy's EatBar improves upon the gastropub tradition with a delicious, affordable menu, and an extensive list of Colorado craft beers and wines.
Menu Items:
- Jonesy's Fries served with Thai seasonings
- Mac and Cheese-style, Buffalo, or truffle
- Lamb Sliders with caramelized onions, blue cheese, and bacon


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Tue, Oct 5, 10 at 0:08
Am looking for solomon seal roots/seeds and blue cohosh roots/seeds in trade for mayapple roots. |
Follow-Up Postings:
I have solomon seal seeds, and I have mayapple. Do you have anything else to trade? plantbug |
- Posted by baptisiamania none (My Page) on Mon, Apr 30, 12 at 15:26
Hi I was wondering if you ever had any luck obtaining blue cohosh? I was wondering if you did maybe you possibly have some bareroot to share by now? I have been looking for it for a while with no luck. if so, let me know as I have many many native seeds in my stash. just let me know what you are looking for and i will let you know if i have it. best. |
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