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Music benefits the brain in so many ways!
September 30th, 2014 · how the brain works, music and the brain
What one, natural, phenomenon can calm anxiety, improve mood and help learning?
August 26th, 2014 · how the brain works, music and the brain
Music, Attention, and Learning
Everyone who has learned their ABCs knows that it is easier to memorize a list if it is set to music. Scientific research supports common experience that pairing music with rhythm and pitch enhances learning and recall. Music helps children and adolescents with attention problems in several ways. First, it can be used as a reward for desired behavior. For example, for paying attention to homework for 10 minutes, a child can be rewarded with the opportunity to listen to music for 5 minutes. Second, it can be used to help enhance attention to "boring" academic tasks such as memorization, using songs, rhythms, and dance or movement to enhance the interest of the lists to be memorized. Instrumental baroque music is great for improving attention and reasoning. For students, playing background music is not distracting. Third, musical cues can be used to help organize activities – one kind of music for one activity (studying), another for a different activity (eating), and a third kind for heading to bed. Fourth, studies show that calming music can promote pro-social behavior and decrease impulsive behavior.Music and Anxiety
Many people find familiar music comforting and calming. In fact, music is so effective in reducing anxiety, it is often used in dental, preoperative, and radiation therapy settings to help patients cope with their worries about procedures. Music helps decrease anxiety in the elderly, new mothers, and children too. Music's ability to banish worries is illustrated in the Rogers and Hammerstein lyrics, "Whenever I feel afraid, I hold my head erect And whistle a happy tune, so no one will suspect I'm afraid… And every single time, the happiness in the tune convinces me that I'm not afraid." Any kind of relaxing, calming music can contribute to calmer moods. Calming music can be combined with cognitive therapy to lower anxiety even more effectively than conventional therapy alone. Some studies suggest that specially designed music, such as music that includes tones that intentionally induce binaural beats to put brain waves into relaxed delta or theta rhythms, can help improve symptoms in anxious patients even more than music without these tones; listening to this music without other distractions (not while driving, cooking, talking, or reading) promotes the best benefits.Music and Moods
An analysis of 5 studies on music for depression concluded that music therapy is not only acceptable for depressed patients, but it actually helps improve their moods. Music has proven useful in helping patients with serious medical illnesses such as cancer, burns, and multiple sclerosis who are also depressed. If it can help in these situations, it may be able to help you and your loved ones experience more positive moods.Music and Sleep
Many people listen to soothing music to help them fall asleep. This practice is supported by studies in a variety of settings. Just don't try listening to lively dance music or rousing marches before you aim to fall asleep. Conversely, if you're trying to wake up in the morning, go for the fast-tempo music rather than lullabies.Music and Stress
Since ancient times, it has been known that certain kinds of music can help soothe away stress. Calming background music can significantly decrease irritability and promote calm in elderly nursing home patients with dementia. Music, widely chosen, lowers stress hormone levels. On the other hand, every parent of a teenager knows that certain kinds of music, particularly at high volumes, can induce stress. Knowing that certain kinds of music can alleviate stress is one thing; being mindful in choosing what kind of music to listen to is another. Choose your musical intake as carefully as you choose your food and friends.- Last Updated
- 3/31/2014
- Source
- Mental Health, Naturally: The Family Guide to Holistic Care for a Healthy Mind and Body (Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Pediatrics)
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Neuroscience and Music: Early music lessons highly recommended
July 22nd, 2014 · how the brain works, music and the brain
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How Music Affects the Brain
June 9th, 2014 · how the brain works, music and the brain
?"This suggests that the correlated brain patterns were the result of using areas thought to be involved in language processing. Therefore we can assume that musical training results in a rapid change in the cognitive mechanisms utilized for music perception and these shared mechanisms are usually employed for language." But music can do so much more, notes Michael Huckabee, professor and director of the University of Nebraska Medical Center Division of Physician Assistant Education. In an article about the benefits of music on human health, he writes: ?"Music does something beyond our understanding. We can call it an endorphin release or a distraction, but it goes much deeper than that. Somehow music just does us good. And the good it does was just proven to be better." He speaks of a finding from researchers in Taiwan, who recently reviewed over 360 published studies on music therapy and concluded the data from these studies suggest cancer patients who routinely listen to music exhibit significantly fewer symptoms of depression, pain, fatigue and anxiety.
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How can YOU use music to help your brain?
May 8th, 2014 · how the brain works, music and the brain
"Listening to music feels good, but can that translate into physiological benefit? Levitin and colleagues published a meta-analysis of 400 studies in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences, suggesting the answer is yes.
In one study reviewed, researchers studied patients who were about to undergo surgery. Participants were randomly assigned to either listen to music or take anti-anxiety drugs. Scientists tracked patient's ratings of their own anxiety, as well as the levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
The results: The patients who listened to music had less anxiety and lower cortisol than people who took drugs. Levitin cautioned that this is only one study, and more research needs to be done to confirm the results, but it points toward a powerful medicinal use for music.
"The promise here is that music is arguably less expensive than drugs, and it's easier on the body and it doesn't have side effects," Levitin said.
Levitin and colleagues also highlighted evidence that music is associated with immunoglobin A, an antibody linked to immunity, as well as higher counts of cells that fight germs and bacteria."
So what's next in this exciting field of the neuroscience of music? Levitin reports "
The next frontier in the neuroscience of music is to look more carefully at which chemicals in the brain are involved in music listening and performing, Levitin said, and in which parts of the brain are they active.
Any given neurochemical can have different function depending on its area of the brain, he said. For instance, dopamine helps increase attention in the frontal lobes, but in the limbic system it is associated with pleasure.
By using music as a window into the function of a healthy brain, researchers may gain insights into a slew of neurological and psychiatric problems, he said.
"Knowing better how the brain is organized, how it functions, what chemical messengers are working and how they're working -- that will allow us to formulate treatments for people with brain injury, or to combat diseases or disorders or even psychiatric problems."
Do NOT overlook the power of music to improve your brain, your life, and your health!


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September 29, 2010, 5:56 PM
By The Editors
Everyone wants to see Star Wars in 3D, but no one wants to see Hustler's pornographic Avatar parody no one will see it, except for people whose Halloween parties you should not attend but the SFW trailer is swiftly becoming the biggest thing on the Internet. Our take: lacks dimension.
"White America Has Lost Its Mind" (Voice)
"Tea and Crackers" (Rolling Stone)
"Mark Zuckerberg: Fashion Icon" (Daily Beast)
"Leather Jackets for the Fall and Winter" (Made Man)
"A High-End Magazine for High Fliers" (Observer)
"Forgetting Food Safety Costs Hundreds of Billions" (Good)
"Darpa Moves a Step Closer to Its Flying Humvee" (Danger Room)
"Iron Man-style power suits 'will be in war zones in five years'" (Telegraph)
"Obesity Stock Photos" (via Awl)
"The Domino's Breakfast Pizza Has Arrived (and It Sounds Awful)" (Gawker)
What To Read Next

subset: commoncrawl


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Reviewed Beef Stroganoff
Jan 4, 2012 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"Paula, my boyfriend made this recipe last night. It was terribly over seasoned, so I asked him to show me the recipe. He seasoned the meat with 1 cup of salt, 1/4 cup pepper and 1/4 cup garlic powder!! (He had no idea that was meant to be used as a condiment.) I think you should be more specific when stating "House Seasoning". It was very go..."


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Marama named finalist for superyacht award
Posted onSetzer Design Group's Marama, a 124-foot full-displacement expedition yacht built by Delta Marine in 2008, is a finalist for the 2010 World Superyachts Awards.
Marama features elegant styling with a mahogany interior reminiscent of classic sailing yachts. With a 23,600-gallon fuel capacity, her range – 9,200 nautical miles – exceeds virtually any yacht of similar size, according to Delta Marine.
Founded by yacht architect Ward Setzer in 1991, Setzer Design Group has received eight International Superyacht Society Design Awards and multiple Showboats Awards.
Winners of the World Superyachts Awards will be announced May 16 during a ceremony at the Guildhall in London.
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| Email | Full Article (TrendHunter.com/id/126738) |
Aside from superpowers, the comic book characters aren't that different from the courageous everyday citizen, which is what Ben Turnbull is trying to illustrate with 'An Exhibition of Heroes.'
Turnbull's 'An Exhibition of Heroes' is a series of collages that pay homage to the brave firefighters who risked their lives to save others during the chaos of 9/11. The talented artist has taken several pre-1990 comics featuring characters such as Batman, Spiderman and Superman, cut them up, and formed images of firefighters. Here, he's demonstrating the idea of what a real hero looks like and how they really are a mirror of the comic book characters that kids have adored over the years for their heroics. The collages are beautifully made and help viewers realize that superheros exist in this world after all.


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Airbus has selected Bangalore, India-based Dynamatic Technologies Limited as the sole supplier of flap-track beams for the A330 Family aircraft, making Dynamatic the first aerospace company from India's private sector to become a global Tier-1 Airbus supplier.
Highlighting the growing role of India in Airbus' supply chain, Dynamatic will supply four out of five flap-track beams per A330 wing with this new business award and is established as a center of excellence for the production of flap-track beams.
As one of the world's fastest growing aviation markets, there has been a marked increase in aircraft parts sourced from India in recent years, with approximately $300 million worth of parts sourced in 2013 – up from $20 million in 2006.
Since 2008, Dynamatic has produced flap-track beam assemblies for Airbus' single-aisle A320 Family on a global single source basis as a Tier-2 supplier.
Airbus has fostered partnerships with India's aviation industry for over 40 years, supporting the sector's sustainable growth. With its Indian activities coordinated through the Airbus India subsidiary, the company employs more than 350 engineers at Airbus India Engineering in Bangalore and operates training centres in Delhi and Bangalore.


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Hotels are in short supply in Cabo Frio but no worries. This Pousada is very good, certainly one of the best in town. I have stayed there over 100 nights this year. The rooms may tend to be basic and would be better if the air conditioning was the split type. The breakfast is good, TV is good and the... More
Brazil >
State of Rio de Janeiro >
Cabo Frio
Price Range (Based on Average Rates):
Number of rooms: 20
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Priceline and Odigeo so you can book your Pousada Boulevard reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Pousada Boulevard Cabo Frio, Brazil


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Aha! you got the piggy lollipop! One of the other kinds of sweets we sent out.
You're very welcome.
P.S. this was sent out as a thank you for entering our recent BACK TO SCHOOL competition (Free sweets and daily prizes in our BACK TO SCHOOL bonanza!). More free sweets for all entrants into STOCKTOBER2! (STOCKTOBER2! A month of prizes and sweeties from VeryPC) which begins on 1st October, but early entries are being taken now.


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On a 6 month Basic contract.
No more missing that crucial moment. No time to waste.
The Summer of Tennis continues for SKY Sport customers with the Australian Open. Three channels bringing you extensive action from Melbourne Park. 19 January - 1 February.
SKY Movies Family POP-UP* returns these school holidays to keep the whole family entertained, on Channel 035 from Saturday 27th December at 6am right through until Sunday 1st February.


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Thu, Dec 8, 11 at 8:40
Does the code require to have a shut off valve installed for each individual water delivery line, like hot and cold water lines for a sink in a bathroom? |
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Yes. |
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All lines except showers & bathtubs |
thanks... I feel overwhelmed (and scared) that I need to read the code (not much of a bedtime story reading frankly) and ask you for help (to make sure that I understood it correctly) to point what needs to be corrected in the plumber work... thank you so very much. |
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The 2013 Scion FR-S and the 2013 Subaru BRZ both go on sale this month and thanks to their joint development, feature more similarities than differences.
The FR-S and BRZ are the offspring of a partnership between Subaru and Toyota (Scion is a sub-brand of Toyota). Normally competitors, they put their heads (and wallets) together to produce a pair of lightweight, affordable, rear-wheel drive sports coupes. As a result, both cars share plenty of DNA from either side.
Subaru's contribution to the project was mostly on the engineering side, developing the drivetrain and the chassis. Their touch is apparent when you look at the engine that powers both the FR-S and the BRZ: a 200-horsepower, 2.0-liter boxer four-cylinder that outputs 151 pounds-feet of torque. "Boxer" refers to the configuration of the engine pistons which instead of pointing up and down or aligning in a "V" like most engines, lay flat and push straight outwards, horizontally. Subaru are experts at this type of engine — a boxer rests in the engine bay of every vehicle in their lineup. Toyota handled most of the design elements but also sourced the engine's fuel injection system.
Simply put, these two are the best affordable sports cars to come around in quite a while and are easily the most fun you can have behind the wheel for around $25,000. While they don't have the most power or the quickest acceleration, they are extremely light, incredibly well balanced, and a joy to toss around in the bends. And they get pretty good gas mileage considering, topping out at 25 mpg in the city and 34 mpg on the highway (with the automatic).
Thanks to their unique style of development, the FR-S and the BRZ have a lot in common. And by "a lot" we mean they're almost identical. But if you look closely, slight differences can be found and they just might tilt you in favor of one or the other.
Starting with the exteriors, although it's hard to see at first glance there are a few ways to tell these two apart. Just don't try to do it from the back or side. The two cars have essentially the same profile and are virtually indistinguishable from the rear, with identical taillights and matching dual exhausts. It's easiest to tell the two cars apart from the front where each gets a unique front bumper and a few design quirks along the vents next to the hood. The FR-S has more aggressive forward styling, with a jutting lower jaw and upward sloping side vents that house the trapezoidal fog lights, giving it a perpetual scowl. The BRZ distinguishes itself with features like standard HID headlights that are ringed by LEDs and an available rear spoiler, two features that are absent from the FR-S.
Where the bigger differences lie is in the interior. The BRZ offers more in the way of standard features, including standard navigation system and push button start — two features that aren't available on the FR-S even as options. Keep in mind that the BRZ does have a higher price tag, checking in at about $1,200 more than the FR-S. But we think the inclusion of these features, as well as the aforementioned HIDs, make it well worth the markup.
The real question, though, between these two is "how do they drive?" Although they are nearly identical mechanically, they do differ in their suspension tuning. The FR-S has a stiffer suspension than the BRZ which makes it feel a touch unbalanced under hard cornering and more prone to oversteer. Depending on who you are, that might be preferable, but it makes the FR-S sharper, more on edge, while the BRZ is the slightly more confident and stable car, and easier to drive near or at the limit.
When it comes down to it there isn't much to separating these two road warriors, they're even built in the same factory! In the end what will tip you one way or the other is whether or not you think the BRZ's extra features are worth the difference in price (we do), and if you want a more compliant or a stiffer suspension. If price is your biggest consideration however and you don't really need the navigation system, then the Scion is a great choice. The FR-S will also be easier to find as Scion is bringing 10,000 of them over to sell this year, while Subaru is only importing 6,000 BRZs.
You can't go wrong with either of these competitors; we had to really split hairs to find the differences. Just know that whichever one you do choose, whether it ends up being the 2013 Subaru BRZ or the 2013 Scion FR-S, it's bound to put a smile on your face. Now stop reading, get out there, and find a nice canyon to carve.


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Plain Dealing, LA (KMSS) — Bossier Sheriff's Office and Plain Dealing Police Department arrested a man Wednesday that solved multiple burglaries at businesses and residences that were concerned in the two of Plain Dealing over the past two weeks.
D'lundarius D. Daniels, 18, was wanted by Bossier Sheriff's Office for the April 13 burglary of a residence in the 400 block of Elm Street in Plain Dealing.
On Wednesday, Daniels turn himself into the Plain Dealing Police Department on the warrant charge, but during the interrogation with detectives he confessed to 11 other cases of burglary and motor vehicle thefts in the Plain Dealing area from March 29 to April 15.
Daniels also admitted to detectives that he committed burglaries at Plain Dealing residences and businesses, including a gas station, snack shop, pharmacy and convenience store, in which he forced entry and stole various items that were totaled to be nearly $6,000.
He also admitted to stealing a truck and a minivan from residences, but both vehicles have been returned to the owners.
Investigators still have active warrants on a second suspect in the burglaries and are asking the public's help in locating him. Ladarrius Nelson, 21, a black male, 5'10" and weighing about 160 pounds, he has ties to the Plain Dealing area and possibly Bossier City. Nelson is wanted on ten counts of simple burglary and one count of theft of a motor vehicle with a bond of $260,000.
Anyone with any information to contact the Bossier Sheriff's Office at 318-965-2203.


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Ford Commercials: Ford Escort
Ford Escort
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(circa 1970)
Turn on this wild action world with new Escort, 2 door, 4-on-the-floor wide tracking little gas, choose the one that grabs you most, Escort Sedan, Super GT or the Escort Twin-Cam, the European Rally Champion.
This is your scene, new Ford Escort, the action starts at your Ford dealers. Ford is the Going Thing.


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Jobs and schools promise to be top issues in next year's city elections. The mayor's education agenda faces its toughest test in the African-American communities that gave him strong support in 2011.
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Placement of special education students in private therapeutic schools, designed for students with more severe disabilities, has declined in Chicago. Advocates for these children question whether they are getting the services they need.
- CPS receives $86 million from the state to pay for private placements. But fewer than 900 students are in therapeutic schools, and advocates accuse the district of banking part of the money.
- Almost 600 of the students are in schools that are part of a special contracting program in which CPS pays a lower daily rate than the state sets, regardless of student attendance. CPS could not provide evaluation data for these schools.
- Out of 30 complaints to ISBE over the last two years, 20 were filed by parents fighting for placements, usually after their child had been failing for years in public schools.
- CPS officials insist they are doing a better job of serving special needs students inside the district, but high dropout rates among this group of students contradict that assertion.
After her son, Darion, was attacked by Fenger High School football players who accused him of stealing flip flops, Patricia Jones decided that he could not safely return to the rough school on the far South Side.
Diagnosed with both bipolar and explosive intermittent disorder, Darion was liable to lash out. The players, too, were out to get him again, Jones felt.
Jones told the principal that she wanted Darion transferred, but was stunned when she was told he should go to an alternative school. Most alternative schools in CPS have small budgets and too few social workers, psychologists and psychiatrists to adequately help troubled students. Some of the schools hesitate to take students with a laundry list of problems, like Darion's.
"When I tried to ask questions, the principal told me she wasn't going to argue with me," Jones recalls. "I told her she would be hearing from my attorney."
"They thought I was a fool," adds Jones, a short, stocky powerhouse of a mom.
Jones says she knew instinctively that an alternative school was not the right place for Darion. He sat home for more than a month as she pursued legal action on his behalf. It was only after Jones sought the counsel of an attorney that district officials acquiesced and approved a placement for Darion in a therapeutic day school.
Darion was extraordinarily lucky on several fronts. He had an involved mother who had been through similar struggles before with another child and knew about specialty schools that are designed to educate students with severe academic, behavioral and mental health problems.
These days, it is extremely difficult to get a placement in a private special education school.
CPS gets almost half—about $86 million—of the state's $178 million appropriation for private placements, but it is wrapped in a larger special education block grant. Unlike other districts, CPS can spend the money on other services for special education students, including transportation.
The block grant creates a disincentive for CPS to allow students to attend these private schools, says Bridget Helmholz, a consultant for the Illinois Association of Private Special Education Centers. Helmholz has worked with the association for 30 years.
CPS officials would not provide information on how much they spend to place special education students in private schools.
"The problem is when you have money not based on the number getting a service," Helmholz says. "The incentive is to not serve the students and keep the money."
Nationally, private placements have gone up, but in CPS they have shrunk dramatically even though state money for private placements has increased. Advocates and lawyers for special-needs students say children with multiple and profound disabilities—students who would have been placed in private therapeutic settings in the past—are now not getting the services they need.
Rodney Estvan of Access Living, an advocacy organization for people with disabilities, says keeping more students in regular schools could be a good thing, if the district was creating high-quality, separate classes in-house. But Estvan, a longtime observer of the district, says there's no evidence that students are being more effectively educated or that the money saved on private placements is going to make separate classes better.
Rebecca Clark, director of school support for the CPS Office of Special Education and Supports, disagrees. She insists that the district has done, and continues to do, a better job of educating these students by providing more options, including separate classrooms with support staff and teachers. She points out that the federal mandate is to serve students in the least restrictive environment, but sending them off to private schools isolates them.
"The quality is getting better," she says of self-contained classrooms, which include multi-sensory classrooms for students with severe disabilities.
Michael O'Connor, an attorney who has handled special education cases, says he hears this argument often but, like Estvan, has seen little or no evidence to support it.
"They could [serve students in-house] if the will was there, but they don't," he says.
Experts say that the high cost of therapeutic schools is a prime factor that can drive placements up or down. CPS pays $28,000 to $32,000 per student per year for private placements.
"The pendulum swings depending on the economy," says Sherry Kolbe, executive director of the National Association of Private Special Education Centers. "When there is money, they send the children out. When there isn't money, they bring them in."
Clark says CPS officials do not discourage schools from making private placements, nor do they make decisions to save money. In her view, schools sometimes want to make private placements without enough evidence that one is needed.
Meanwhile, without as many students, therapeutic schools are struggling financially, scaling back to more bare-bones programs. CEO Susan Reyna-Guerrero, president and CEO of Beacon Therapeutic, a private school for children with emotional disorders, says that in recent years, the school lost its music program, gym teacher and a re-integration specialist who helped students transition from the therapeutic day school back to a regular school when appropriate.
"My question is, 'Where are these children?'" Reyna-Guerrero says. "The thing that pulls on my heart strings is that I think they are dropping out, on the street, in juvenile detention centers. I think they are being lost." Students with special needs have the lowest graduation rates in CPS, according to CPS data.
* * *
In 1996, just as Mayor Richard M. Daley took control of the schools, CPS began getting money from the state in the form of block grants. Until then, CPS, like all other districts, was reimbursed by the state for the number of students in private day schools—a practice that continues outside Chicago.
With the block grant in place, CPS set up a special program for therapeutic day schools: Schools would be paid a lower rate than the rate set by the Illinois State Board of Education—$28,000 to $32,000 per student per year, versus ISBE's average rate of $38,000. But the district would pay for a student's seat for the year, regardless of "attendance or enrollment."
In contrast, the state requires proof of attendance before districts are reimbursed and requires districts to stop payment if the student is absent for five days. Payment will only be reinstated after a meeting that includes a social worker, psychologist and a parent, who can figure out why the child isn't attending.
Under the administration of CEO Jean-Claude Brizard, the contract for schools is being renegotiated this year, Clark says.
Sara Mauk, an attorney who represents parents in special education cases, is critical of the arrangement and says there's little incentive for day schools to make sure students attend school and make progress. Mauk says she thinks that several of the schools that refused to be part of the special contract program (because of the lower rate) are of better quality; yet it is often a challenge to get students placed in those schools.
The extent to which CPS monitors the schools in the program is unclear, as is the quality of services they provide.
In its contract, CPS specifies that these schools provide the district with proof that they are achieving certain standards. But when asked for documentation of deliverables and outcomes, CPS officials did not provide it: The data "is not available" because of staff turnover and an office move, according to the district's response to a Catalyst Chicago Freedom of Information Act request.
If CPS does not know where the information is, it goes without saying that they aren't using it to monitor the schools that they contract with, says Helmholz. "A good government analyzes outcomes," she says.
Estvan says that some of the preferred placements are good, while others are lacking.
The question of quality came to the forefront in February, when a student was stabbed and killed by a classmate at Infinity School of Chicago, a private day school that has a contract with CPS.
Questions had already been raised about Infinity. Last May, when the board approved a renewal of its day school contracting program, documents stated "The agreement with Infinity School of Chicago is not being renewed."
Then in October, the board approved an amended document that added Infinity. Clark offers no explanation for why Infinity was not included in May and said it was "just a mistake."
Clark, who has been in charge of making private placements for a year, says that she's sure that these schools have been evaluated in the past, especially as it relates to how many students they re-integrate back into regular schools. However, she notes that she is devising a system to improve monitoring and transparency.
"We want parents to be able to look at these schools and tell which ones are good and which ones are not," she says. "They've never been able to do that before."
* * *
Questioning the quality and worrying that CPS schools are just trying to get rid of their children, some parents fight to keep their children out of private placements, says Rachel Shapiro, an attorney for Equip for Equality, a state disability-rights organization.
But most of the time, parents are looking for an option to get their child more services than their public school provides.
When parents believe the school district is not providing adequate services for their child, they can file a complaint, called a due process case, with the Illinois State Board of Education.
Over the past two years, 20 of 30 due process cases brought against CPS involved parents either making the case that their child should be placed in a therapeutic day school, or asking the district to pay for a placement once they secured a spot for their child.
Inside these case files are emotional stories of parents desperately trying to get help for their children.
In one case that was resolved earlier this year, the file reveals a particularly long and difficult story. The student was diagnosed with an emotional disorder and a cognitive disability when he first started elementary school. For years, he failed classes, even when he was in a separate classroom for special education students.
When he got to high school, his Individual Education Plan only detailed a "moderate cognitive impairment," but omitted any reference to an emotional disability or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, even though he had been diagnosed with both. The young man was put in separate classes for most of his school day, but was still struggling. In an IEP meeting, one of his teachers noted the following: "Student did not study or complete his assignments, was tardy for class, left his books in his locker, took notes slowly, failed tests and quizzes, was easily distracted and did not focus and stay on task."
His mother asked for a placement in a therapeutic day school, but was told he could not be placed in one because his teachers had not seen the "off-task behaviors."
From February through May 2010, the student's algebra teacher kept anecdotal records of the student's daily bad behavior, from verbally and physically threatening others to not being prepared for class. The teacher recommended that the student be placed in a smaller, therapeutic setting.
In his IEP meeting in May 2010, the mother again requested a private therapeutic setting. The case manager said that they needed anecdotal evidence from teachers—despite the account from the algebra teacher—and refused to recommend a change of placement, according to the legal complaint.
During his second year of high school, in 2010-2011, his mother more than once expressed doubts that he was learning anything at school and again asked for a therapeutic placement. Again, she was told no.
By the end of that year, the student had only two credits, and his reading, math and spelling skills were at 2nd-grade level, lower than they had been three years earlier. His mother called the district's Office of Special Education and Supports and told them she was worried about his behavior and the fact that he couldn't read.
According to the due process complaint, the special services administrator told the mother that a private therapeutic day school was "too expensive."
It was at this point that the mother first filed her complaint. Two months later, before the hearing on her complaint, the young man, at age 17, was allowed to transfer to South Central Community School. Records show he is doing well there.
The hearing officer, who ordered additional compensatory services for the student, took the district to task for its failure to provide services. The mother's "pleas were ignored and the student was allowed to struggle and fail for three years of high school until the parent finally got a lawyer and requested a due process hearing."
Advocates say due process complaints represent only a fraction of the wealth of problems that parents confront.
Because they usually entail getting an attorney, attending numerous meetings and providing detailed documentation, a good number of parents don't pursue cases.
Relative to their representation in special education, white students are more likely to have placements in private schools, according to 2009-2010 state data. Data show 22 percent of the students in private placements are white, though they make up only 11 percent of the students in special education. Parents of white students may be more likely to have the resources to hire lawyers and insist on placements, Estvan says.
And in many situations, the student just winds up dropping out. The University of Chicago Consortium on School Research found that fewer than half of students in special education, and fewer than 20 percent of those with emotional disabilities, graduate.
There's a ripple effect, too. The head of special education for a South Side high school describes a student who she says is "disintegrating before her eyes." One day in late February, the girl was screaming and cursing so loudly that the classes on the floor above her could hear it. Students in the classes nearby were pressed against the window, trying to see what was going on.
"Learning was disrupted," says the director, who asked not to be identified.
The young woman has mental health issues and the director says she does not think the school can provide what the student needs. She says she has called her contact in central office numerous times to ask for a placement in a therapeutic day school, but keeps being put off.
"I am worried about the student and the other students here," she says.
* * *
In the end, parents are forced to do the work of fighting for these placements.
If a parent believes that a school is not and cannot meet the needs of their child, they need to somehow find out about private placements, somehow figure out which schools are good and, often, somehow find a lawyer to represent them in a due process complaint.
Patricia Jones became this type of parent after a long journey. In her small home in Roseland, she raised two biological daughters, both of whom excelled in school and went on to college. But her life took some turns, and the story of those turns is told in framed pictures that cover nearly every inch of her living room walls.
In one corner is a poster-sized photo of her late husband in a tan suit. In others, children and teenagers and young adults, some dressed in graduation robes, strike poses in school portraits. They are displayed next to diplomas and certificates.
Jones says this room and these walls are not a shrine, but documentation of her journey. However, the pictures that she finds herself staring at, and swallowing hard, are those of her husband, Curtis, and of her second-oldest daughter. Her husband died of cardiac failure two years ago, years after a car accident left him with a tracheal tube. The daughter, a high school math teacher, was strangled to death by a friend last year.
Jones says it was her husband, who suggested that they take in foster children after watching a commercial about children in desperate need of homes. "He said that God gave him another chance at life and that he needed to do something good with it," Jones says.
They wound up taking in a set of siblings and two other children. They were small, and besides coming from troubled families, did not seem to have additional problems. But soon, Joy, one of the two little girls, showed signs of having medical problems.
She had Crouzon Syndrome, which is similar to Down Syndrome. Jones says her husband, tracheal tube and all, spent years driving her to the University of Illinois at Chicago for doctor's appointments.
Joy needed several surgeries to reshape her head; afterward, she had obvious losses in cognitive functioning. When the little girl started at the neighborhood elementary school, she was immediately put into special education. Jones says she was told by teachers and other staff at the school that Joy was making progress.
One day when Joy was in 8th grade, Jones asked her how much money she had in her hand. An easy question for most 13-year-olds—but Joy could not answer.
"My poor baby could not count money," Jones says. "I was crying big tears."
Like many parents, Jones says she did not know that there was an alternative to her neighborhood schools' special education department. And no one at the school suggested that Joy needed anything more than what they were providing.
But Jones served on the local school council and had gone to a training on special education put on by the advocacy organization Designs for Change. A friend at the organization told her about specialty schools that could help Joy, but to get a placement she would probably need a lawyer. They gave Jones Michael O'Connor's name and number.
After months of meetings that eventually led to a due process hearing, Jones finally won a placement for her daughter at Acacia Academy, housed in a former church in LaGrange Highlands, a southwestern suburb.
Thirty years ago, Acacia's founder Kathryn Fouks opened a clinic to teach struggling readers. Realizing that some children needed more support, she later opened a school that would look at each individual child's needs and use the approach best suited for him or her.
Acacia Academy is a small, nurturing environment that offers plenty of hands-on learning. In back of the school is a nature center, where math lessons and writing lessons are sometimes taught. The math teacher also teaches guitar. And during breaks, students can play on the basketball hoop out front. The staff includes social workers, psychiatrists, occupational therapists and physical therapists.
For many years, staff from CPS regularly placed children at Acacia. "They would drive them up here with their files, rather than wait for the mail," she says.
But that stopped when she refused to be part of the private contracting program. These days, she says, 95 percent of the placements from CPS are the result of a successful due process complaint. She even has some working-class parents from Chicago who are so desperate for their children to get help that they pay Acacia out of pocket. The cost is $1,925 a month.
Students who come to Acacia as a result of a due process complaint often have experienced prolonged years of failure and have major problems that spurred their parents to search for an alternative, Fouks says.
O'Connor says that one problem is that he can only bring a legal case once the damage has been done.
"They have to languish forever, and then we can push for compensatory services," he says.
Districts outside of Chicago are much more likely to place students without their parents having to fight for it. One day in January, Fouks takes a call from a caseworker at Proviso Township High School in Maywood, who has a parent in her office. The caseworker thinks Acacia might help the woman's son, who is intelligent but has moved around a lot, has not quite mastered reading and is experiencing a high level of anxiety.
On a speaker phone, Fouks tells the mother about Acacia's tiny class sizes, the opportunities for apprenticeships and the arrangements they have for the students to participate in sports.
"We look to see what the student is interested in," Fouks tells her.
The mother wants to know if they have art.
"Art is integrated into everything," Fouks says. "We paint walls and learn landscape design and study patterns in nature." Fouks suggests the mother comes for a visit before deciding, and sets it up.
* * *
Jones says Acacia Academy really helped her daughter, who is now a student at Olive-Harvey College. The young woman, with a round, welcoming face that Jones' notes is as "pretty as a peach," will likely endure challenges her whole life. "I just want her to be able to function with some assistance," Jones says.
What's scarier to Jones right now, though, is how Darion will fare. He was 2 when he joined the family, and wouldn't talk. At the time, a doctor told Jones it was because she wasn't talking about what he wanted to talk about.
She let that sit for a while. But once Darion got to school, he started to act out. To make matters worse, Darion was born legally blind in one eye and that eye has a blue pigment. "Kids would laugh at him," she said.
Darion is a good reader, Jones says, pulling out a trophy he got in preschool for reading 400 books. He has some deficits in math, but Jones says the real problem is his behavior. "It overshadows the academics."
Given that Darion's father and sister died recently, and he was having more emotional problems, Fenger put him into a group therapy program for children who had experienced trauma. But Jones said she was told he wouldn't cooperate in that group, and he stopped attending.
At South Central, the therapeutic day school where he was finally placed, Jones says he seems to be doing well. But she's not sure what the future holds for Darion. Mental illness is difficult to overcome, she says with a heavy sigh.
One thing that Jones knows is that as long as she can, she will keep fighting, not only for her children but for others who need someone. She has served as a surrogate parent in IEP meetings for foster children, and readily gives advice to mothers she knows who also are battling for their children.
"I think parents do not know," Jones says. "Teachers want to mainstream all kids and some kids do not fit well in the mainstream. Why do we do it to these kids? Why do we set them up for failure?"
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15 comments
Ms. Karp's article the best ever done on this issue
Aside from the fact that I am referenced in the article, this is the best report on the very complex world students with a wide variety of psychiatric problems face in CPS. As the article references the costs for providing an effective education for these students in CPS is not cheap and it should be noted that while CPS does get more funds from the State than other districts in Illinois via a less complex method, due to the State's fiscal crisis CPS has gotten these funds on a delayed basis for the last two years which adds to the district's problems.
Unfortunately Rebecca Clark, director of school support for the CPS Office of Special Education and Supports, who argues that CPS is doing a better job of educating students with emotional disturbance than in the past has no empirical evidence based on academic achievement to support that claim. Nor as Ms. Karp points out is there empirical evidence that CPS students placed in private schools are showing academic achievement whether they are part of the contractual special program for therapeutic day schools CPS has set up or not. Part of the problem is the validity of the Illinois Alternative Assessment which many of these students take. Part of the new Common Core assessments that the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) is developing will be alternative tests for more severely disabled students. I can only hope that once in place these alternative tests will provided meaningful information on the functional educational level of these students.
Rod Estvan
Alternative schooling
Bravo! As a special educator, I am loving this article and I know of students in my school who really need consideration for this type of placement. It is heart warming to know you would give this much space to this type of situation. I hope others with emotionally disturbed children become aware of placements outside of public schools that can nurture their children to academic success! Thank you!
Alternative Programming
As a former principal of an alternative school for children with emotional disabilities, I find Rebecca Clark's statements typical of someone without the training or knowledge to be in that administrative position in CPS. No data available? Wasn't she involved in the Corey H case too? Putting something together for the future? It is all laughable, yet very sad for many children who could/should benefit from improved services in their local school or a theraputic setting.
local NAMI conference on kids with mental illness
The readers of Sarah's story might be very interested in attending this nearby conference for parents, teachers/admins and treatment providers:
from the flyer:
"How Children's Mental Health & Mental Illness Affect Home, School, and Community" / April 27, 2012 / Moraine Valley Community College in Palos Hills, Illinois -
Have you ever attended a conference specifically for children with mental health conditions? If you have, were parents, school and mental health professionals all hearing the same message? Does having presenters give the most up-to-date information available strike you as important? Would you like speakers to come and explain early intervention methods to all three groups? If so, you will definitely want to attend the PIAT conference.
PIAT strives to bring parents/caregivers of children who have mental health conditions together with school and mental health professionals all under the same roof, hearing the same message of hope for our children. Here are some testimonies from last year's conference:
Attended the Piecing It All Together conference at SIU Edwardsville, and I thought it was about the best conference I'd ever attended. - Educator from Dixon, IL
Very relevant information to my work. That helps me feel refreshed, a little more competent and ready to get back and try some new ideas. - Mental Health Professional
Loved all of it! This is always a good conference with lots of good info. - Parent
Best in Illinois - School Social Worker
DETAILS at the link above. Registration relatively affordable.
Tuition placement
There are many students who desperately need therapeutic day schools but those of us who work in the schools are told no...constantly. OSES seems to be the enemy of students with disabilities and reprimands principals who dare to have outspoken special education teachers on staff. Actually, if a staffing team is going to recommend private placement an SSA must be notified and in attendance....so much for a consensus. Sometimes it is only the special education teacher/general education and the parent who dare to request an alternative placement. The nurse, social worker and psychologist sit there mute because they are so afraid that if they agree with those who know the child best they will be retaliated against and be sent to "bad schools or schools not close to home"
When you have CPS employees filing due process against CPS because of lack of serves for their own children you know that COREY H. and all of the hoopla did not help the children with disabilities in CPS.
The ugly truth about OSES
The remarks of Rebecca Clark are preposterous. "The quality is getting better" in self-contained rooms? What? My son's self-contained class size has DOUBLED in the last two months. Doubled! Did they hire another aide? No, of course not. In fact, the teacher says they are trying to cut the aides altogether. Can Ms. Clark show us the research that says a larger class size with less support is better for children with developmental disabilities? I didn't think so. The sad truth is that OSES's mission has morphed from educating children with special needs to saving money for the district by NOT educating children with special needs. It has become an "us-versus-them" situation, pitting desperate families against an army of CPS lawyers and bureaucrats.
I take my son to private therapy outside of school, and the topic of conversation in the waiting room is nothing but lawyers, lawyers, lawyers. It is well known among special needs families that if you want even the bare minimum of services for your child you must bring a lawyer to the IEP meeting. If you want private placement, you must document every single thing that happens at school, hire a lawyer, and call an IEP meeting every single month until you get it. Getting private placement through CPS can cost a family $5,000 in legal fees, but it is worth it. Of course, if a family doesn't have the money for the lawyer, the child will suffer for years and may never get an education at all.
I totally agree with you. When I started in special education I had 22 in a resource/pull-out only setting which was very manageable. I now have 22 in a inclusion program which is not manageable. I have children who are four years below level and I am not allowed to give them the minutes that they need. I am retiring (along with 3 of the 6 special education teachers at my school) this year but if I was not I would definitely return to my general education certificate. I can not continue do my job well. We made AYP but other than my principal no one and I repeat no one from central office gives a rat's --- that we did what suburban districts can not do. OSES is more concerned about the reams of paperwork required on the cumbersome e-IEP than about real teaching. I really feel badly for the children with disabilities and their teaches and aides.
We do need more parents to speak up but the majority of our parents are caught up in just putting food on the table and CPS certainly takes advantage of that fact.
regualar ed
Hey 34 students with 7 ieps and 20 bilingual's aint any fun either. just retire.....teaching is a ball of confusion! i envy you!!! i got 15 years to go....I dont think i will make 15 month!!
Early Childhood Special Ed
The issues here, cuts for early childhood special education programs, cuts in the blended classrooms and more children being referred and in need of special education services. What are CPS and OSES thinking? cutting positions for special education assistants while placing more children with special education needs in these classrooms. I don't think they know what reality is, they have not been in a classroom for so many years, they have lost touch with real life. One of the best resources you can give any student, especially those with special needs are enough caring and prepared adults who can work with them giving them as much individualized attention as possible. And on top of this, SECAs have to spent their precious time documenting what they do everyday as if working with the children was not enough.
I say that CPS and OSES official must spent a day teaching and working in the special education classrooms and blended classrooms to experience what teachers and teacher assistants do every day to help these children live and learn to their full potential!
Las Casas Occupational HS?!!!!
What happened to CPS's public therapeutic high school...I think it was Las Casas Occupational? There was a new principal with a strong team making great strides for therapeutic kids.
Oh that's right...Ron Huberman closed it in 2008 due to "facility issues" but CPS is still paying the rent on the empty buidling and all of those kids were sent to private therapeutic including Infinity,where the student was stabbed and the contract wasn't renewed.
Where is the public option required by FAPE for high school therapeutic kids?!!!!!
Let the "Real" Data talk!!!!!
Ron Huberman didn't want those kids in his system because it was "bad" data. The work that goes into educating an emotionally disturbed student is so challenging and Ron's administration didnt care enough and shipped them off. Why not use that money to support the public therapeutic schools?
These are the forgotten kids who are too much"trouble" to educate!!!! Las Casas was doing it but never had a fighting chance against Ron's tornado!! 4 kids died immediately after Las Casas was closed. The "seats" were already paid for and those private schools cared less if the students attended then they required a parent to attend a meeting to re-enroll when most of those kids were transient and diesenaged from their parents!!! so of course, they never re-enrolled which led to more risky and deadly behaviors because they had no where to go and noone looked for them!!. Someone should collect data on the aftermath of the closing of Las Casas!!! That would surely tell the real story of the crimes against these kids!!!!
Montefiore is a public therapeutic school
Is it still being closed or strangled?
CPS Public Options
Montefiore is an elementary therapeutic. Las Casas was the only high school CPS therapeutic and it closed.
Early Chdhood Sped
...and CPS buses three year olds with disabilities into high crime areas and doesn't care when patents refuse the placement due to safety concerns....great article but CPS continues with its mistreatment of children with disabilities even with the presence of a court monitor...just blatant hypocrisy


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Bruce Wayne: Murderer? crossover continued from Nightwing (DC, 1996 series) #65.
Bruce Wayne: Murderer? crossover continues in Birds of Prey (DC, 1999 series) #39.
Black & White back-up story.
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I purchased after Christmas this year, a Janome 350 E [embroidery machine] which comes with a USB port and 1000 designs built into the computer on the machine. They also have a read/box for over $400.00 in the store [which I did not purchase] so if you want to save designs from your computer, to upload to the embroidery machine.
I was told at the store I bought the machine, that one could purchase a usb connection cord. Only one wee problem, the usb cord would have to have two female jacks, as the norm usb cable cords have a male and female jack. Future Shop said they are made but they were out of stock. Went to office depot and few other stores with no luck. Then I tried London Drugs, the salesperson was so helpful. I suggested I buy a Transcend Memory stick. Which I did.
It works fine to save designs from a cd onto my computer, then tansfer to the Transcend stick and then plug it into the embroidery machine. Well now that I have written a short story, this is my problem. I can not save freebie designs from the net on my computer, as it doesn't reconize the file extension .sew or any other related file extensions I have tried. Saving it as a jpeg does not work as it doesn't include the stich or color format. Help! |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by hollyinontario (My Page) on Thu, Jan 25, 07 at 11:44
That's strange - I've been successful with freebies. Have you used the explore command in the folder you downloaded to? You may find that the file is actually there and you can transfer it to the stick. I've had to do this several times with freebies. I'm new at this too - my machine is a week old. |
hollyinontario ~ Thanks for the quick response. In folder, the file extension nor the program I wanted to open with, was not in the drop down window on my computer. I updated Adobe reader to 8.0 which I hope will solve the problem. |
- Posted by stitchntime9 (My Page) on Fri, Jan 26, 07 at 6:22
I had to add the file extensions to recognized files. I just double checked how to do it. It's done through Control Panel, folder options, file types, add, type the extension in and click okay. Don't worry about icons, they take up disk space anyway--cute but a disk space waster. |
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Movie Info
Martin Tsai(Los Angeles Times): The ground that bruised feelings can get discredited so far out of proportion and urge on a veteran cop to risk his name and jettison his entire career is simply preposterous.
Neil Genzlinger(New York Times): The dour "McCanick" banks path too much on what it is not telling us, making for a movie that thinks it's substance cryptically suspenseful but is really blameless annoying.
Jordan Hoffman(New York Daily News): It's a mock at the script doesn't show anything beyond loose-cannon-cop cliches.
Rex Reed(New York Observer): The and nothing else reason to suffer through a of forbidding look wack job called McCanick is to be careful the late Cory Monteith in his utmost film role.
Inkoo Kang(Village Voice): [A] numbingly dull series of dirty-cop clichthat abruptly builds to each ephemerally poignant climax.
Andrew Barker(Variety): A minute performance by Cory Monteith isn't sufficiency to salvage this drably derivative, infuriatingly improbable police drama.
Geoffrey Berkshire(Paste Magazine): Unfortunately, this initially rut and ultimately ridiculous cop-on-the-margin drama suffers from too many creative missteps.
David Noh(Film Journal International): The conspiracy of McCanick, sketchy to begin by, is made even more so ~ the agency of Daniel Noah's woozy, fragmented script, and direction by Josh C. Waller for which "clumsy" is almost moreover kind a description.
Mike D'Angelo(The Dissolve): Because Noah coyly reserves the motivation notwithstanding McCanick's vendetta as a third-act twist of sorts, much of McCanick plainly involves watching this tortured guy mowing tribe down for no apparent reason.
Tim Grierson(Screen International): This thriller badly overestimates its ableness to wring compelling drama from commonplace genre elements and an unsatisfying third act twist.
Simon Miraudo(Quickflix): Despite in addition employing a time-skipping narrative constitution, [McCanick] neatly walks the thin gloomy line of previous dirty cop movies. The greatest wickedness committed here is being too friendly.
David Nusair(Reel Film Reviews): …a in a great degree-from-fresh premise that's employed to consistently underwhelming and many times laughable effect…
Jason Gorber(Twitch): A tight small police story with a compelling allowing that slightly overwrought twist, McCanick is well executed merriment, and an appropriate showcase for Morse's lofty talents.
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text: The Greenwood Observatory was the first observatory erected on the UACNJ site. The 10' by 10' roll-off roof structure houses a 16-inch CAVE Newtonian telescope on an equatorial mount. Thousands of Saturday night visitors have observed the night sky through this telescope over the years, many for the first time. This observatory was dedicated to Don Greenwood in September of 1995 in recognition of all the work Don had done to get UACNJ up and running. The CAVE telescope company closed it's doors in 1980 but due to their high-quality optics they and are becoming a treasured collector's item amongst telescope enthusiasts. The telescope is on permanent loan from AAI for use by all qualified UACNJ Observers, and for public programs. |


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Hill Top
Enjoy our favorite hill on the farm for your special event. Here you get a sneak peak of the Blue Ridge Mountains, as well as spectacular sunset views. The hill hosted the baptism of our first son, as well as the engagement celebration of close friends. In the winter it's our premier sledding hill and favorite spot for winter gatherings.
Big Red Barn
Sweeping views of Virginia's prime hunt country makes the Big Red Barn location ideal. Our historic barns serve as a handsome backdrop to your event. Nearby are our happy free range chickens as well as several horses nibbling sweet blades of grass in the spacious paddocks.
Host your event either court side or directly on our olympic size regulation volleyball court. The white sand is soft beneath your feet, and the views inviting as your eyes carry you over pristine rolling hills. This location is large enough to accomdate tents or even a live music venue. Whether you want to use the court for stirring volleyball matches or just relax in the hammocks, this is the place for you.
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This tart accompanied the apple almond tart that I brought to the office Wednesday. I used a store-bought deep dish pie crust that I transferred to the tart pan - then prebaked til golden.
I didn't do a very good job of transferring it because it developed holes in the pre-baking process. Had to add a few sheets of phyllo dough to cover up the holes so the lemon mixture wouldn't fall through the tart pan's bottom. Turned out beautiful. I decorated it with some fresh raspberries, mint sprigs, and confectioner's sugar; it looked like it came from a bakery. The taste is wonderfully tart and fresh. This is made especially easy by using pre-made crust. NOTE: If you're making one large tart, figure on double the baking time. Lemon Tarts Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method
OR: Use a thawed store-bought deep dish pie crust, roll it and transfer to a large tart pan. Pre-bake for 15 minutes at 350░.
For the crust: Adjust oven rack to middle position and heat oven to 350 degrees. Lightly butter individual-serving tart molds (with removable bottomes) or larg tart mold. Light;y grease bottom with oil or butter. Pulse flour, confectionersÆ sugar, cornstarch, and salt in food processor workbowl fitted with steel blade. Add butter and process to blend, 8 to 10 seconds, then pulse until mixture is pale yellow and resembles coarse meal, about three 1-second bursts. To do this by hand, mix flour, confectionersÆ sugar, cornstarch, and salt in medium bowl. Freeze butter and grate it on large holes of box grater into flour mixture. Toss butter pieces to coat. Rub pieces between your fingers for a minute, until flour turns pale yellow and coarse. Sprinkle mixture into pan and, press firmly with fingers into even, 1/4-inch layer over bottom and up the sides. Refrigerate for 30 minutes (skip this if using store-bought pie shell), then bake until golden brown, about 15 minutes. For the filling:
To finish the tarts: Reduce oven temperature to 325 degrees. Stir filling mixture to reblend; pour into warm tart crust. Bake until filling feels firm when touched lightly, about 20 minutes. Transfer tarts to wire rack; cool to near room temperature, at least 30 minutes. Adapted slightly from: "Cook's Illustrated May, 1998" NOTES : After cooled, refrigerate until serving. These can be made as bars (use parchment paper) but come out very nicely as indicvidual-serving tarts. Can also be made as a large tart. When ready to serve, garnish with raspberries, fresh mint leaves, and a sprinkle of confectioners sugar. |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by Ginger_St_Thomas (My Page) on Sat, Jul 10, 04 at 16:48
Not much better than lemon tarts & I especially like lemon desserts after a rich meal. |
Sue, I could almost look forward to going back to work if I could work in your office! You spoil those people rotten:) |
- Posted by cookingrvc (My Page) on Mon, Jul 19, 04 at 21:25
It's great for getting special favors, especially from the young fellas in the IT sector! sh |
I see that there's a method to your madness! |
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