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Mind you, for a car in this segment, it's still quite good fun but driving the two cars – the standard and the Countryman - back-to-back makes you see the real difference. Of course, the other critical difference is that you'd have to hack the rear passenger's legs for them to sit comfortably in the Mini Cooper S. If it's sheer driving fun you're after, buy the Mini Cooper S and kindly ask your kids or grandparents or friends to take a cab back home.
It does a reasonably good job on dirt/country roads and is quite a lot of fun on the loose stuff, but the ride is on the stiffer side and you do feel the aberrations coming through, more so on the Cooper S version. It's no dirt basher, mind you – ground clearance is good, though not excellent, as it's got 150mm of clearance, 30mm down on the similarly positioned but way cheaper Skoda Yeti.
But here's the bummer – because it's a CBU (Completely Built Unit) import, our government would rather that you pay nearly twice of the car's value abroad, coughing up incredible sums of money for taxes and duties. Which means that this Mini Cooper S Countryman exchanges hands at nearly Rs 31.99 lakhs, ex-showroom, Delhi. Truth be told, at this price, the plot is lost. Sure, for well-loaded families who truly value the Mini brand and want a four-seat runabout, it would work for them. We know it's not a car that deserves to be judged purely objectively, but hey, when there are incredibly capable cars available at that price point and more practical alternatives that are much cheaper, if a bit less luxurious, it's hard not to question the hefty premium.


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Push & Pull Toys
When your baby is standing and beginning to walk, encourage her motion with push-and-pull toys. These toys, including shopping carts and wagons, help her practice her movement and teach her to look ahead for obstacles. Make sure any toy she uses on a carpet has wheels for smooth maneuvering.

subset: commoncrawl


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- 2 bunches scallions
- 1 tablespoon distilled white vinegar
- 1 tablespoon toasted sesame oil
- kosher salt
- freshly ground black pepper
- gochugaru (coarse Korean red pepper powder)
Cut 2 bunches scallions into 3" lengths, then thinly slice lengthwise. Place in a bowl of ice water (to crisp). Just before serving, drain well, pat dry, and transfer to another bowl. Add 1 tablespoon distilled white vinegar and 1 tablespoon toasted sesame oil; toss to coat. Season with kosher salt, freshly ground black pepper, and gochugaru (coarse Korean red pepper powder).
my notes
recipe at a glance
type: Quick & Easy, Vegetable
main ingredients: Sesame Oil, Green Onion/Scallion
dietary considerations: Low Sodium, Vegetarian, Low Cal, Healthy, Low Cholesterol, Vegan


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Showing 1 - 1 of 1 Properties
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Showing 1 - 1 of 1 Properties
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The antidote to the dull tote, TRAY 6's tote has a rain-resistant canvas exterior, eight pockets designed to carry a water bottle, iPod, small umbrella, cell phone, keys, and more. With a zippered-top and long, detachable strap, this bag features reinforced interfacing and a lush satin lining.
Includes 8 pockets (2 outer zipper, 1 inner zipper, and 5 additional inner).
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Model: 3965 Item: HOD3965
Reversible vertical and horizontal formats allow you to choose the format that fits your office space. Extra-large daily squares offer ample writing space. Readable from up to 20 feet away! Easily erases with a damp cloth for changing plans. Black water-soluble marker included. Weeks are numbered. Size: 18 x 24; Page Color/Theme: Blue/Gray; Edition Year: 2013-2015; Calendar Term: 12-Month (July-June).


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Larry performs one of his signature comedy routines, "The Five Levels of Drinking." This is the first time Larry has ever done this bit NOT in front of a live audience!
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
He then urges caution on the rules for a proposed Larry Miller drinking game. By the way…
Later, Larry placates the stateside listeners who feel like they are not getting as much attention as overseas listeners in "exotic" locations. Also hear about normal people, lunatics and actors and how to tell the difference. (Spoiler alert — normal people and actors don't carry parrots around.)
In Larry Miller Drinking Society news, Larry thanks the listeners for abundant suggestions for Latin mottos. Membership cards are in the works! Thanks for your patience.
Learn about the joys of swag. Larry gets free booze from the Carolla studio and a free bathrobe from Arsenio Hall and loves them both.
Quote of the week: "You call that a double!"
Tell a friend about the show, and check out Larry's personal website www.LarryMillerhumor.com
Or follow Larry's personal Twitter @larryjmiller
Executive Producer: Donny Misraje
Producer: Jeff Fox
Audio Engineer: Chris Laxamana
Show Summary: Matt Fondiler
Web Engineering: Sandy Ganz


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1. Jesse Lee Ables said on May 8, 2011
A Stockdale friend.......Shirley Bird you will be missed!
May 5, 2011
AUSTIN, Texas — Memorial services for Shirley Bird Perry, 74, have been scheduled for Monday, May 9, 2 p.m. in the Lyndon B. Johnson Library Auditorium.
Perry, a senior vice president at The University of Texas at Austin who began her career with the university in 1958, died in her home Wednesday following a long illness.
She was a member of the Vice Presidents' Council and the University Leadership Council at the university, and had been a senior vice president since April 2004.
Previously, Perry had been vice chancellor for development and external relations with the University of Texas System since 1992. In that position she directed fundraising operations, public affairs activities, management of estates and trusts, event planning and other activities.
Before joining the staff of the University of Texas System, Perry had been vice president for development and university relations at The University of Texas at Austin under Presidents Peter T. Flawn and William H. Cunningham. Earlier, Flawn had appointed her as assistant to the president and coordinator of the university centennial observance, which culminated in 1983. Perry was promoted to vice president and coordinator of centennial programs in 1981.
Perry was director of the Texas Union from 1972 to 1976. She began at the Texas Union as program director in 1958.
Her service at The University of Texas at Austin was interrupted only twice since then. She was a teacher in California in 1959-60 and was with the Association of College Unions-International from 1976 to 1979.
To make a memorial gift to the Shirley Bird Perry Endowment Fund for University History, or to leave a message, visit In Memory of Shirley Bird Perry.
Obituary for Shirley Bird Perry
Shirley Bird Perry, who played a leadership role in the administration of The University of Texas at Austin for nearly five decades, died on May 4, 2011. She was 74 and had battled cancer for several years.
Born near Stockdale, Texas in 1936 to Homer and Laura Stevenson Bird, Shirley Ann Bird was known by friends and colleagues throughout her life as "Shirley Bird."
When Shirley Bird arrived at UT in 1954, her first class had 240 students. Comparing this number to her high school graduating class of 21 gave her an eternal soft spot for students who came to UT from small towns. Shirley Bird was an active member of student organizations, including the Texas Union Board of Directors, Orange Jackets and Mortar Board. She was named the university's "Most Outstanding Woman Student" by the Dads' Association (now the Parents' Association) during her senior year.
Shirley Bird earned her degree in education in 1958 and joined the Texas Union staff as program director. The following year she ventured to California to teach junior high and was joined by several other UT graduates who became her life-long friends. After a very long year of teaching seventh graders, she returned to the Texas Union as program director. She began dating Sam Perry and in 1963 they were married, notwithstanding her disdain for his conduct at UT sporting events.
Shirley Bird continued her work at the Texas Union for nearly a decade, and under her direction the Union played a major role in the lives of the students who participated in its programs. Many of those students became her lifetime friends. Among many other activities, she coordinated appearances by distinguished speakers such as Martin Luther King, Jr., Robert Kennedy and Marianne Moore. In 1967 she earned a master's degree in educational psychology from UT. She was an active member of the Association of College Unions-International (ACUI), and served as its first woman vice president and president. In 1972 Shirley Bird was named director of Texas Union.
She left UT to work for the ACUI for three years, but in 1980 President Peter Flawn placed her in charge of the university's 1983 centennial, which included managing the activities of the Centennial Commission, a series of commemorative events, and a capital campaign. These efforts resulted in an enormous growth in faculty endowments, lectureships and scholarships, which provided an infusion of faculty and student talent, giving a major boost to UT's academic standing and UT's transition to a national research university.
Shortly after assuming that responsibility, President Flawn appointed Shirley Bird vice president of development and university relations, a position she enjoyed under both Presidents Flawn and Cunningham, participating in many of the decisions that guided UT during that time. In 1992 then President Bill Cunningham insisted she accompany him to the University of Texas System when he became chancellor. As vice chancellor for development and university relations for the System she directed fundraising operations, public affairs activities, management of estates and trusts, event planning and special services, and other activities. However, Shirley Bird couldn't be kept away from the Forty Acres for long. After her retirement from UT System in 2004, UT President Larry Faulkner welcomed her back to campus as a senior vice president.
In addition to membership on numerous university-related committees, she has served on the Public Affairs Committee of the Association of American Universities; the Executive Committee of the University Relations division of the National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges (NASULGC); and on a special Task Force on State Relations coordinated by NASULGC and the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education. She also received the Marvin D. "Swede" Johnson Service Award in State Government Relations.
A life member of the Texas Exes, she received the organization's Top Hand Award in 1984. The Parents' Association presented its Award of Distinction to her in 1992. The Texas Union named a special student recognition award in her honor, the Shirley Bird Perry Leadership Award. In 2003, she was named a Woman of Power by the Austin Business Journal. And in 2005, she received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the Texas Exes. In 2011, President Bill Powers awarded Shirley Bird with the university's highest honor, the Presidential Citation, and he and the other UT presidents for whom she had worked established the "Shirley Bird Perry Endowment Fund for University History" in her honor.
Shirley Bird was also instrumental in preserving much of the history of The University of Texas at Austin through the UT Oral History Project to record the memories and achievements of the institution's leaders, most all of whom she worked with in the last half century. Her colleagues recognized the depth of her knowledge of the institution and her dedication to UT.
Shirley Bird also served on the boards of directors of City National Bank of Austin, Southwest Public Service Company, the advisory board of JP Morgan Chase Bank of Austin, and other corporate boards during her long career.
Friends also remember Shirley Bird for her boundless energy, her grace under fire and her irreverent sense of humor. She was famous for her "expressions" and one assistant even prepared a glossary. Some examples are "There I was with my hair on fire and my horse in a ditch"; "I'm suffering from a loss of personality"; and "I am between a sweat and a faint."
Shirley Bird's work ethic did not recognize weekends, and her colleagues admired her prodigious energy and capacity for getting things done. She once said she wanted her epitaph to be, "She has gone to a meeting."
She was predeceased by her parents, her brother, Edwin Homer Bird, and her brother-in-law, Richard Davis. She is survived by her husband, Sam R. Perry; her sisters, Mary Jane Jonsson and husband Errol, Virginia Bird Davis and Patsy Bird Weber; her nephew, Charles Cotter and great nephews Jake and Trevor Cotter; her cousin, Betty Bird; her sisters in law, Polly Perry-Vincent and her sons, Blair and Scott Franklin and their families, and Jenny Kay Kubiak and husband, L. B. Kubiak and their children, Lindsay and Logan.
The family wishes to thank Betty McMurray, Shelly Baker of Hospice Austin, the caregivers from Angel Healthcare, Sharon McGraw, Bebe Moody Boone, Lucy Collins Nazro, Maline McCalla, and Mary Ellen Oliver for their tireless efforts during the last stages of her illness. Special thanks also to Nancy Brazill, Janie Wisecup, and Jim Moore for their help and friendship these last several years; Dr. Daniel Karp and the staff at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, and Rev. Morgan Allen and Rev. Kelly Koonce of the Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd.
There will be a memorial service at the LBJ Library Auditorium on Monday, May 9 at 2 p.m., with a reception to follow. Interment will be at a later date in the State Cemetery.
Rather than flowers, the family requests that donations be made to The Shirley Bird Perry Endowment Fund for University History c/o The University Development Office, P. O. Box 7458, Austin, Texas 78713-7458.
For more information, contact: Robert D. Meckel, Office of the President, 512 475 7847.
1. Jesse Lee Ables said on May 8, 2011
A Stockdale friend.......Shirley Bird you will be missed!
2. JIM NOSSAMAN said on May 8, 2011
3. John E Kirchner said on May 8, 2011
I met Shirly Bird as a new freshman in 1960 when I signed up for Union Activities & worked with her for the next 6 years while at UT. She was always an exuberant and motivating force for everyone around her and those traits obviously served her well in a long career of service the The University. It is sad that such a charismatic personna has departed too soon.
4. Clay Kistler said on May 12, 2011
Sam, your fine lady is sincerely missed all over this state. She made a great impact on the many whom she helped in her many missions. My wife Margaret Koy Kistler was most inspired by her tireless efforts at the Texas Student Union. Have heard from about twenty people in several states about her loss. We remember her great heart, and wish yours peace.
5. Ele Hill said on May 12, 2011
I am truly saddened that the light has gone out for that special person who always lit up a room
6. Jesus (Corky) Rubio said on May 12, 2011
Shirley Bird Perry was the impetus in the founding of the Mexican -American committee in the Student Union when I was in School in 1970-1974. She made sure we had a voice and a place at the table. We all owe her a great amount of gratitude.May she rest in peace.
7. Barbara Myers said on May 12, 2011
I was so sorry to hear about Shirley Bird's illness and death. She was such a vital and vivacious person. I remember on many occasions at meetings about various UT doings, that she'd walk in the room with a smile on her face and a twinkle in her eye, and when she began to speak, it was obvious that she knew exactly what needed to be said about the issue at hand. What a wonderful and gracious leader she was! I know she will be greatly missed--she's irreplaceable.
Barbara Myers
8. Don Tidwell said on May 13, 2011
Shirley Bird and I were at UT at the same time, 1954-1958. I remember her many awards and accomplishments as a student. I reconnected with her when she joined the UT System and also at UT fund raising events. Very few will serve UT as well as Shirley Bird. God Bless you Shirley.
9. Pat Parker Freeburg said on May 14, 2011
Sam, I send my deepest condolences. I loved serving UT with Shirley Bird; she was precious and her spirit lives on. Sadly reading this update in Paris, France....wish she were here. Je regrette beaucoup.
10. Joe krier said on May 16, 2011
Shirley Bird introduced a wet behind the ears freshman student to The University by taking him under her wing and involving him in the Union. The first volunteer leadership role I ever held was a small program committee that sponsored conversations with University leaders from time to time in the old student library. For the next 48 years, she was always more than generous to me with her advice, her thoughtful assessments and her ever wry sense of humor. A trait she shared with literally thousands of students. To use the biblical phrase, The University through its wonderul recent memorial service has truly said to Shirley Bird Perry: "Well done, thou good and faithful servant." For the rest of my life, she will personify to me the very best of the University experience as well as setting the definitive example for effectively, meaningfully and magnificently supporting The University in the years following graduation. Joe Krier
11. Bud Hinson said on May 30, 2011
I knew Shirley in the early 1960s when I had a part time job writing pr for the Student Union, a job which, along with two others, helped me pay for school. She was so supportive of me back then and the sparkle of her personality as well as the obvious competence she had in her job set a standard that has stayed with me for life. Shirley had a way of setting a tone of fun friendliness in our work-place while being very exacting which I've never seen equaled since. What a wonderful person she was and what a wonderful model for young people! UT really had the best with her.


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We would love to hear from you. Thanks for your support!
For customer service and questions please email: email@example.com
SICKY™ is a high end sunglass company with a core focus on lifestyle, culture, and support for the arts. The SICKY™ CREW is a collection of tastemakers, artists, musicians, athletes, and entrepreneurs who decided to translate their creative inspiration into something wearable. SICKY™ is driving the redefinition of sunglasses, not only as a fashion accessory, but as a lifestyle statement. All of our sunglasses are designed in Malibu, CA, and handcrafted in Italy and Japan with only the highest quality materials.


text: Meeting your ex for the first time after the breakup can be extremely stressful, especially if you're not sure where the two of you stand. Your outfit will make as much of an impression as what you say or do, so you don't want it to give him the wrong message. The three following looks will help that guy realize what he's missing, but won't make you look as if you put in more effort than he's really worth.


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One of my first modding projects was to make a GBA portable (2007 I think I made it); used a GBA Transverter which worked well but got destroyed a few years later; system was crudely made, far too large, too heavy, wrong batteries and switches and buttons used; but it worked. Early projects are always learning curves after all.
This time, i'm using an 8" 4:3 format screen and using an AD Adapter which outputs composite in very good quality (similar to the RetroBit unit, looks the same, works the same but cheaper). Going to either use a PAL SNES board or most probably, the RetroDuo system I have as that is NTSC and the output of the AD Adaptor is NTSC (although should work on PAL units too). I have the components I need and tested the rig and all works fine.
The screen case is 183x140mm, the screen itself has visible area of around 167x130mm so a large screen. I am expecting the case to be therefore 270x145mm approximately; the extra width will be taken by the width of the speakers, and of course d-pad and other buttons. System will run on batteries (assuming final weight won't get too heavy) or mains. I only need 7.5v for the screen and 5v via a regulator for the RetroDuo; so voltages are simple too.
As the screen is large and might get damaged, going to incorporate a screen protector - not a screen cover (although might use one unless it is too shiny), but a panel held on with rare earth magnets to protect the screen area when system not being used. That also gives a nice area to slap on a decal too. I have already worked out the magnets work fine with 1mm thick styrene, so have bought some 0.5mm styrene sheets to make the screen plate.
As far as casemaking is concerned, going to curve the system to make it interesting, was toying with making a case with curves but not vacuum forming it, however probably makes sense to vacuum form it, even though I only have the need to make one case from the finished mold. Easy way to make a mold as such, given I don't have woodworking tools, is to make a container with the basic shape and fill it with quick drying cement, then when dried, can use my electric sander to form the curves and make the complete unit, for vacuum forming.
At the planning stage at the moment, just working out the thickness the system will end up being and also the front layout and case shape and design.


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Healing Justice Coalition is a multi-racial, multi-ethnic, economically diverse coalition of faith based organizations that provide support for and advocate on behalf of children and families involved in Los Angeles County's and California's child welfare and juvenile justice systems. Our membership includes Protestants of several denominations, Catholics, Jews, Muslims, Mormons, Buddhists and Sikhs. Our philosophies, beliefs and practices are even more diverse than this simple list indicates. We are all able to coalesce around the need to protect young people in our community who are in the custody of the state and to give them the chance to become healthy productive adults. Because we are faith communities, we believe in the strength of the human spirit, the possibility of repentance and redemption and the importance of rooting the individual in the wider community.
Juvenile Justice Month of
Dear Friends,
Thank you for the compassion you demonstrated during our Juvenile Justice Month of Faith and Healing celebrations. It is only in our collective efforts, where we can create a justice system that God will recognize and a community which provides a safe place for all of our children to become the greatest version of themselves possible.
Below is a link to an article that covers a few of our JJMFH activities, and a link to a video that shows how Loyola High School celebrated JJMFH last year.
The Tidings:
Loyola High School:
I look forward to our continued fellowship in this effort to create a system that seeks to heal the wounds of violence, and to remind our youth that they are not alone on their journey.
Faith and Healing
- During JJMFH faith communities call for a justice system that promotes healing.
- During JJMFH schools inspire their students by putting a face on issues of justice.


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Southern rockers, Lynyrd Skynyrd, are set to appear on FOX News Channels Hannity to talk God & Guns this Friday.
Thats not the only reason Lynyrd Skynyrd will be on Hannity Friday.
Sean Hannity, a long time supporter of Lynyrd Skynyrd, welcomed Rickey Medlocke, Gary Rossington and Johnny Van Zant on the show to also make a very special announcement.
Tune in Friday to find out.
Skynyrd released God & Guns on September 29 on Loud & Proud / Roadrunner Records.
The LP manages to maintain the iconic Skynyrd punch while sounding completely contemporary. Attracting attention in these politically divided times is the title track, which harbors a sense of unwillingness to back down that hearkens back to Skynyrds earliest days.
With a backbone of Southern rock and country, passionate Van Zant vocals, and trademark layered guitars, God & Guns form thematic songs for an album laden with attitude, heart and purpose.


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Ocean City FC Press Release - www.oceancityfc.com Friday, May 21, 2010 OCEAN CITY, NJ - For three years, Chris Williams was one of the best defenders to ever play for Ocean City FC. "Big Chris" was a big part of the club's undefeated regular season in 2004 and the helped the team reach the third round of the Lamar Hunt US Open Cup in 2005. Now, Williams has taken the road less traveled by signing with Da Nang FC, the defending league and cup champions of the V-League in Vietnam. He is in select company as only the second American player to ever play professionally in Vietnam.
Williams grew up in Philadelphia where he attended Cheltenham High School and later earned a business management degree at Philadelphia University. While in school in the city, he spent his summers in South Jersey playing for Ocean City FC (then known as the South Jersey Barons, and later the Ocean City Barons).
During those three summers, he racked up 2,330 minutes played (Ranking 10th in club history), and was named to the 2005 PDL All-Conference Team.
"We always thought Chris was going to progress to the pros," said Ocean City FC general manager Neil Holloway. "In his first season, in 2004, we went undefeated and he played a major role in the defense."
Following the 2006 PDL season, he took his 6'4 frame to the USL Player Combine where he caught the eye of Miami FC of the USL First Division (the level directly below Major League Soccer) and signed his first professional contract.
Luiz Muzzi, the general manager for Miami, was the one who signed Chris initially, and saw his development first hand.
"He came in a bit raw, but we saw his potential right away," said Muzzi. "We have nothing but great things to say about him as a player, and as a person. He's a guy you can always count on and we're really happy that he had the opportunity to grow and move on."
After two years with the Blues, he traveled to Denmark in October of 2008 to begin a series of events that would lead him to his current home. It began with a trial with second division club Blokhus FC, where he was offered a contract, but due to a family situation, he was unable to sign. In January of 2009, he had another trial, this time with Thisted FC of the first division. The goal was to impress at the trial and then to be signed during the summer transfer window. The trial went well and he was scheduled to return July 1.
Williams returned to Miami for the 2009 season and when the window opened, his agent informed him that he wouldn't be able to sign with Thisted. The club told his agent that they were unable to sign another international player, so he would remain in Miami for the remainder of the USL season.
Following the 2009 campaign, Williams was contacted by an agent based in the Netherlands, who was in touch with the manager of Da Nang FC, a club in Vietnam who was enjoying a resurgance as of late. Da Nang had not won a championship since the early 1990s, but had just won the 'double,' capturing the league and domestic cup championship in one season. The league championship also earned them a place in the Asian Champions League.
The manager, Le Huynh Duc, got a hold of Chris' highlight tape and was able to watch a full game of him in action, and was very impressed. The club brought him in to have a look in person in November of 2009 and Williams signed a contract in early December.
Williams' family and friends had a mixed reaction to the news of where Chris would be playing professionally.
"Some of my friends and family thought I was crazy, and others were all for it," said Williams. "The ones who were skeptical were unaware of the recent history of the country and could only associate the country with the war. The country has come a long way since then."
When asked to describe what it's like to live and play in Vietnam, he had glowing reviews.
"Vietnam is a beautiful country. The major cities are densely populated and very fast-paced. I am fortunate enough to live in a much slower-paced environment in Da Nang City, which has a beach and many resorts.
The challenge of playing overseas is often the language barrier, and Vietnam has certainly been tough.
"At first it was difficult for me in terms of communication because the other international players at that time spoke either Spanish or Portuguese," he said. "The rest of the players only spoke Vietnamese or just a little bit of English, but eventually we signed a couple players that spoke English a little better."
The team added a translator which has made the situation easier and eventually he met more Vietnamese people who spoke fluent English.
With all of the changes off the field and adjustments to the language and culture, it was the play on the field that was also a big adjustment. Da Nang FC's home opener was played in front of 29,000 fans, which is a big change of pace from Miami where they averaged less than 2,000 fans per game last year.
"The home opener was great," said Williams. "It was the most fans I've ever played in front of. Some games we've played has been over 35,000. We even get hundreds of fans who attend our training sessions, sometimes even a couple thousand. The atmosphere is great."
The season runs from February to August, and Williams was very impressed with the quality on the field.
"The level of play is a lot higher then I expected it to be," he said. "The Vietnamese are very technical, with a tremendous work ethic. Most days we train twice, so needless to say the conditioning of the players is great."
Holloway, who has been in charge of the Ocean City PDL club since 2003, is very proud of his former teammate.
"I think it's great that he is experiencing a different culture and getting to play overseas," said Holloway. "I'm sure he's enjoying being the foreigner on a team, but it would be great for him to come back home some day. I think the Philadelphia Union would do well to add him to their roster."


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What is it? A virus transmitted by blood or sexual fluids during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
How common is it? Girls make up 57 percent of all new teen HIV cases.
What are the symptoms? Symptoms can be mistaken for other illnesses the only way to know for sure is to take an HIV test.
How do you treat it? There is no cure for HIV, but there are new medications that can help slow its damage to the immune system, allowing people to live longer, healthier lives.
Protect yourself. The best way to protect against HIV is to not have sex. But for those who are sexually active, using a latex condom correctly is your best defense. Visit onecondoms.com for cool condoms.
HIV IS NOT JUST A GAY DISEASE. Eighty percent of all diagnosed cases in girls and women are transmitted through heterosexual sex. Also, half of all new HIV infections occur in people under the age of 25.
GET TESTED. A home collection kit ($44, homeaccess.com) lets you test at home you mail in the kit for results. Or you can ask your doctor to do a mouth swab and give you results in less than 20 minutes.


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Recent Posts
- Winners of December 2014 Crossplay Contest Announcement
- November 2014 New Arrivals – Christmas Costumes
- 2014 December Miccostumes Crossplay Contest
- July 2014 New Arrivals Wave 2 Annoucement
- July 2014 Cosplay Contest — Basketball is not only Kuroko's
- Kirito and Sinon Couple Cosplay from Sword Art Online Phantom Bullet Arc (Gun Gale Online)
- Winner of June 2014 Couple Cosplay Contest Announcement
- July 2014 New Arrivals
- June 2014 Miccostumes Couple Cosplay Ideas
- 2014 June New Cosplay Costumes Part 1 from Miccostumes
Tag Archives: Hilda cosplay
Daily Cosplay – Final Fantasy II Princess Hilda Cosplay
If you are fond of fantastic cosplay works, you must fall in love with what Lady-Liliana uploaded to her gallery on Deviantart.com. Irresistible elegance and femininity are detected from her cosplay. To be sexy and cool seems like becoming so easy for this Canadian girl. She is absolutely a fan for cosplay, who has specially [...]


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CHIP QUIK SMD291AX10 SOLDER PASTE, 63/37 Sn/Pb, 35G
Image is for illustrative purposes only. Please refer to product description.
- Manufacturer: CHIP QUIK
- Newark Part No.: 84R8665
- Manufacturer Part No SMD291AX10
Product Information
- Melting Temperature: 183°C
- SVHC: No SVHC (16-Jun-2014)
- Solder Alloy: 63, 37 Sn, Pb
- Weight: 35g
Availability: 60
- 60 in stock for same day shipping
Per the manufacturer, more stock expected week of 2/16/15
Price for: Each 1
Minimum order quantity: 1
Order multiple quantity: 1
Price: $23.36
Quantity | List Price |
1 - 4 | $23.36 |
5+ | $22.39 |
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text: | Dáil Éireann - Volume 586 - 01 June, 2004 Private Notice Questions. - Financial Services Regulation. 1166 [1166] Mr. Boyle asked the Minister for Finance, further to recent revelations which show the application of poor standards in the banking and financial services of this country, to outline how seriously he and the Government view the situation, and what measures if any he proposes to restore national and international consumer confidence in the financial services industry here. Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan:I am pleased to be able to respond to this question in the absence of the Minister for Finance, who is in Luxembourg to chair the Eurogroup Finance Ministers and the ECOFIN Council tonight and tomorrow. We have now had a series of announcements by AIB and the Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority, IFSRA. These cover a range of matters from foreign exchange charges to transactions at AIB Investment Managers in the early 1990s. It is clear that every bank has a duty to ensure that regulations are complied with and client moneys are handled appropriately. Lapses of control and improper practices of the kind which have been reported are simply unacceptable. These are serious matters that must be addressed in a serious and systematic manner through the application of the investigative powers available to the appropriate regulatory agencies. Deputies are aware that IFSRA is involved in a substantial investigation of the Faldor foreign exchange overcharging matters, and that other investigations are ongoing. As always in such cases, we should await IFSRA's investigation before drawing any final conclusions. We all want customers to be recompensed. We want bank systems to be fixed, all relevant regulatory authorities to be informed and disciplinary matters and any offences which have been committed pursued. Specific breaches or failures are one thing, but we must strive to ensure an appropriate culture of compliance within financial institutions. I understand that IFSRA is determined to ensure that the highest standards apply in financial institutions and, if issues of general culture or compliance practices at a general level need to be investigated and corrected either in AIB or any other institution, this will be done. 1167 It is therefore important that the various investigations continue to their conclusion. It is also important that we continue with the very considerable progress made in recent years in the regulation of the financial sector. In particular, Deputies will be aware that, following the enactment of the Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland Act 2003, there is a second, complementary Bill before the House. [1167] Last year's legislation radically changed the structure of financial supervision in Ireland, establishing IFSRA and bringing together a range of supervisory functions that had previously been spread over four separate institutions. It also made much improved arrangements for co-operation between regulatory bodies such as IFSRA and the Revenue Commissioners, and we are seeing the fruits of this in recent events. This second piece of legislation — on which Report Stage will be resumed today — will make available to IFSRA new powers to impose stiff administrative penalties following an inquiry process. These penalties can be applied where there is breach, for example, of any financial services legislation, codes of conduct issued by the regulator, or any condition, requirement or direction imposed under legislation or codes. Penalties available will include the issue of a reprimand, orders to refund charges improperly applied, monetary penalties of up to €5 million and orders to pay the cost of the investigation. Most importantly, individuals may also be subject to penalties. A senior manager might be disqualified from employment at management level in the financial services sector and a monetary penalty of up to €500,000 might be applied. This new Bill will also give the regulator considerable powers to require compliance statements from financial institutions. These statements will be in addition to those to be required under recent changes to company law. The current Bill will add to consumer protection, in particular by establishing for the first time a statutory financial services ombudsman scheme and by establishing consultative panels to allow IFSRA to consult consumer as well as industry interests more easily. New offence provisions are also being added on Report Stage regarding bank charges. The financial services industry is important to this country. It delivers jobs — often of high value — both directly and indirectly to many thousands of individuals. It delivers tax revenues, and its success helps to attract other industries and investments to our shores. The economically important nature of this industry makes it all the more important that it maintains its reputation for high standards and integrity in its dealings, and the financial institutions in Ireland should contribute to that reputation. There will be lessons to be learned from the issues that have arisen at AIB. These will have to be taken on board as appropriate by the financial institutions concerned, banking institutions and their shareholders, IFSRA and the other regulatory agencies, and the Government and the Oireachtas. Mr. Boyle Mr. Boyle 1168 Mr. Boyle:The Minister for State may not be aware that there has been a discussion today at the Joint Committee on Finance and the Public Service. The Governor of the Central Bank [1168] pointed out that in the period that the most recent revelations apply, 1989 to 1996, there was no effective regulation in place for subsidiaries, including the subsidiary involved — AIB Investment Managers Limited. Does the Government not fear that other financial institutions might reveal similar stories of how they have dealt the issue during that period? Regarding the Government's attitude towards general remuneration packages, it seems that executives of banks not only expected handsome remuneration packages but also perks and privileges packages on top of that. Is this an area that needs to be regulated or even legislated for in future, given the expectations that seem to exist for people in the highest position in the banking industry? Does the Minister accept that the Government has made a fundamentally flawed approach in the way that it has brought forward both the original Central Bank and Irish Financial Services Authority Act 2003, and the current Bill that is on Report Stage? We have a farcical situation with a regulatory authority that can identify problems which exist but seemingly has no real powers to deal with those problems as and when they arise. Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan:I do not accept that the legislation is inadequate. It is important we continue with the progress made in recent years on regulation. Following the enactment of the Central Bank and Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority Act 2003, a second, complementary Bill is before the House. Last year's legislation radically changed the structure of financial supervision in Ireland, establishing IFSRA and bringing together a range of supervisory functions which had been spread over four separate institutions. It also made much better arrangements for co-operation between the regulatory bodies and the Revenue Commissioners, and we are seeing the fruit of that in recent events. Far from the initial measure being defective, as canvassed by Deputy Boyle, the measure we have already adopted was one of the reasons we have made progress and the reason these events have come to light. 1169 The second Bill, Report Stage of which will be dealt with in the House this afternoon or this evening, will make available to the authority a more comprehensive set of penalties. I accept the Deputy's point that the penalties will be stiffened in this legislation, and that is a welcome development, which can be applied in appropriate cases. It will also give the regulator considerable powers to require compliance statements from financial institutions and these statements will be in addition to those required under recent changes to company law. Moreover, the current Bill will add to consumer protection, in particular by establishing for the first time a statutory financial services ombudsman scheme and consultative panels to allow the authority more easily consult consumer as well as industry interests. New offence provisions are also being [1169] added on Report Stage in respect of bank charges. The regulator and the Government have been very active in carrying out their respective roles in regard to the financial system. The second issue raised by Deputy Boyle related to the question of remuneration and fringe benefits, which are often accorded to senior bank employees and staff on their retirement. I take it that was the point raised by the Deputy. Mr. Boyle Mr. Boyle Mr. Boyle:Early retirement? Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan:Or on early retirement, as the case may be. These are matters for the Minister for Finance to consider in the formulation of his budget and in the submission of proposals in a Finance Bill on an annual basis. On the question of whether other subsidiaries may have been involved, that again is a matter for the investigative authorities. What we have seen is of deep concern and the Government is determined to take action. Mr. R. Bruton Mr. R. Bruton Mr. R. Bruton:Does the Minister of State believe it would be useful to have a rapid probity check within AIB, carried out by IFSRA, which would give us assurances that the compliance systems, as of now going forward, are adequate? That is a separate issue from the necessary investigation of the malpractices that have been turned up. I would like to hear the Minister of State's view on that. Also, after Ansbacher, Rusnak and all the other scandals, why did the Minister's regulators not ensure there was the internal compliance within AIB, and perhaps in other banks, that was necessary to highlight these sorts of problems? In 2002, the Central Bank, immediately after the Rusnak scandal, requested that such procedures be put in place. Why did the regulators not guarantee that they were robust? In the final part of the Minister of State's reply he said there will be lessons to be learned and he hoped they will be acted upon by the Oireachtas and others. What procedure does the Minister of State propose to put in place for the unfolding of these lessons to ensure that the Oireachtas can act upon them? Will there be some formal procedure whereby this occurs? Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan:I do not quite follow the last issue raised by the Deputy. Mr. R. Bruton Mr. R. Bruton Mr. R. Bruton:For example, some have suggested a banking commission. If it was just another report it would not commend itself to me but if action is to be taken they need to be quickly identified and a procedure for acting on them put in place. Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan 1170 Mr. B. Lenihan:On whether there is a need for a banking commission or forum, the Minister for Finance has no plans for such a commission. The investigations under way into the Allied Irish Banks issues need to be completed as speedily as [1170] possible so that all the interested parties — the institutions concerned, the regulators, the Government and the Oireachtas — can take the appropriate steps based on the lessons learned. On the issues about previous difficulties that have arisen with the bank, and two celebrated episodes were referred to by the Deputy, the Oireachtas put legislation in place last year to empower the authority and the regulator to deal with this matter. On whether compliance systems and probity checks should be put in place, we have to see a rapid conclusion to this investigation before we draw conclusions from it. In any event, it is a matter in the first instance for the authority and the regulator, not the Minister. Ms Burton Ms Burton Ms Burton:Is the Minister of State aware of the statement made to me by the Governor of the Central Bank at the Joint Committee on Finance and the Public Service this afternoon that until 1996 or 1997, Allied Irish Banks Investment Managers, AIBIM, was an unregulated entity? Has the Minister any plans to order a look-back in respect of such unregulated entities in the banking sector such as AIBIM, which handles the pension funds of many workers, as do similar subsidiaries of other banks? Will the Minister intervene to ensure a look-back takes place in respect of the activities of these unregulated entities, as described by the Governor of the Central Bank, and what are the taxation implications? Apparently, the Central Bank had no knowledge of Faldor because it was a vehicle connected to an unregulated entity. That is an astonishing disclosure. An Ceann Comhairle An Ceann Comhairle An Ceann Comhairle:The Deputy should confine herself to questions. Ms Burton Ms Burton Ms Burton:Will the Minister comment on this disclosure by the Governor of the Central Bank and in what way do the Government and the Minister propose to address this astonishing lapse? Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan:The Revenue Commissioners announced yesterday that they have commenced a full investigation of all tax matters arising from recent disclosures regarding the AIB Group and related entities and individuals. The team is led by the Revenue's investigations and prosecutions division and it includes officers from the large cases division. That Revenue investigation is under way. Ms Burton Ms Burton Ms Burton:I asked about the Central Bank, which is the regulator, having identified unregulated entities which were in existence up to 1996 or 1997. Does the Minister propose that the Central Bank should specifically look back at the activities of such unregulated entities? The actions by the Revenue Commissioners are welcome but they do not address the job of the Central Bank in this regard. Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan 1171 [1171] Mr. B. Lenihan:In fact, IFSRA is the appropriate regulatory body until the legislative—— Ms Burton Ms Burton Ms Burton:No, I am talking about the time—— An Ceann Comhairle An Ceann Comhairle An Ceann Comhairle:The Deputy should allow the Minister of State to reply without interruption. Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan:IFSRA has done a good deal of work in the 13 months since it was formally established, arising from its new statutory remit. I will not give the House the entire list of the work it has done but it is substantial. The various actions taken today clearly demonstrate that it has powers, and it is willing to use them on behalf of the consumer. The chief executive of IFSRA has said that already. I understand the actual series of events was that IFSRA, having held a meeting of the authority on Wednesday, 26 May, made a public statement on the matter at 4 p.m. on Thursday, 27 May. While AIB alone is responsible for its public statements on this matter, I understand IFSRA strongly encouraged AIB to make a public statement. The matter is under full investigation by the appropriate authority, which has authority in this matter. If there are other matters involved, they will be investigated as well. Ms Burton Ms Burton Ms Burton:Not according to the Governor of the Central Bank. Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin:Will the Minister of State advise the House if he has any concerns about the recent revelations regarding Allied Irish Banks, all of which have arisen as a result of the activities of whistleblowers and not as a result of the regulatory authority's work in uncovering bad practice, illegal activity or whatever may be the case within any of these institutions? Would it not give rise to further concern about the level of regulation and the powers of IFSRA in this regard? In light of the Bill we are about to address shortly in respect of Report and Final Stages and given the advent of these revelations, is the Minister of State not concerned that the Bill does not go far enough in respect of these matters? In response to Deputy Boyle earlier the Minister spoke of penalties. Given the practice heretofore, which is already signalled with regard to the €25 million lodged by AIB with the Central Banks for excess charges for foreign exchange transactions — a conservative figure which will inevitably grow—— An Ceann Comhairle An Ceann Comhairle An Ceann Comhairle:Does the Deputy have a question? Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin 1172 Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin:Given that fines and penalties imposed on financial institutions inevitably make their way to the consumer, is the only way to root out these practices not to make [1172] the people responsible for drawing them up and for ordering, arranging and conducting them, individually accountable for the abuses? Otherwise they will be covered against personal penalties in perpetuity. The financial institutions—— An Ceann Comhairle An Ceann Comhairle An Ceann Comhairle:The Deputy must confine himself to questions. Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin:——are not bearing any serious burden by virtue of the penalties that are likely to apply, just as happened with the DIRT situation. Should penalties not be applied to the functionaries of the banks? Is that not the only way of rooting this out? Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan Mr. B. Lenihan:That is a matter which can be examined during the debate on Report Stage of the Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland Bill. The Bill provides for disqualification of individuals, as the Deputy is aware. Investigations are ongoing regarding the issues which have arisen in AIB. I do not wish to comment on individuals. There are internal disciplinary proceedings in AIB which should not be prejudiced. As Deputies are aware, IFSRA has made it known that it will be reporting publicly on the outcome of its investigation. It will then be a matter for AIB to take the appropriate action regarding any of its staff who are involved, bearing in mind its legal and commercial obligations and its public reputation. IFSRA is involved in a substantial investigation of the Faldor and foreign exchange overcharging matters. We must rely on IFSRA to design its investigative process to focus on the important issues. IFSRA is determined to ensure that the highest standards apply in financial institutions, and if issues of general culture or compliance practice at a general level need to be investigated and corrected, in AIB or in any other institution, this will be done. Dáil Éireann 586 Private Notice Questions. Financial Services Regulation. Questions 20040601 | ||||||||||||||||||||||


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From DragonWiki
Contents |
Moving up with OS9 - from Dragon User magazine, April 1984
Keith and Steven Brain reveal the ins and outs of OS9
At last Dragon Data's long-awaited OS9 disk operating system and range of associated software have arrived on the scene as part of a deliberate policy of moving "up-market" into the small business and professional sector where Dragon Data sees an expanding user-base.
It remains to be seen whether small businessmen can be persuaded to part with their hard-won cash for such business aids, but at the same time the arrival of OS9 is a major step forward for the computer enthusiast who wants to squeeze the most out of his Dragon. Certainly Dragon Data's pricing policy seems to be firmly based on the "pile it high and sell it cheap" axiom on which Tesco was founded, and in comparison with many professional programs for other micros its software prices seem to offer extremely good value.
A serious system
If Sir Clive hadn't thought of it first (as usual), we would be tempted to say that this step was a "quantum leap" for the Dragon as it effectively transforms the micro from a sophisticated toy into a very serious machine.
The OS9 operating system is the key to the expansion ot the Dragons potential and to fully understand the significance of this development it is necessary to consider how a computer carries out instructions. In the standard Dragon 32 or 64 the "operating system", which contains the commands understood by the computer, is contained within the Basic ROM. If the Dragon DOS disk system is added further systems routines are included in ROM in the cartridge. All of the routines in these ROMs are actually included in the memory map at all times, whereas with a totally disk-based operating system all of the routines are on disk instead, and these are only loaded into memory as and when required. The immediate advantage of this is that you can have a much more complicated operating system without losing much of your precious RAM.
OS9 is a sophisticated management system which enables you to get much more from your Dragon. As it was designed by Microware Systems Corporation in collaboration with Motorola (the designers of the 6809 CPU), it is an extremely efficient product which uses the capabilities of the 6809 to maximum advantage. A major difference between the 6809 CPU and lesser microprocessors is that it supports "position-independent-code (PIC)" which means that routines can be loaded and run at any point in memory. Thus the available memory can be used much more efficiently, and several programs can be present simultaneously.
In practice OS9 carries out all of the housekeeping for you automatically without any need for intervention from the user (unless you attempt the impossible). Normally modules are loaded as required and then deleted from memory once their usefulness is ended, but where modules are called repeatedly these can easily be locked into memory to save time. A substantial OS9 Operating System Users Guide is included and an OS9 Programmers Manuel (unseen as yet) is listed at £19.95. The details of OS9 are too complex to explain in the small space available here so we will try to give you the flavour of the system and point out what we feel are the most significant features as far as the Dragon implementation is concerned.
To run OS9 you need a Dragon with 64K of RAM and a Dragon DOS disk system. When you use OS9 you turn your Dragon into a 64K "soft machine" and switch out both the standard Basic ROM and Dragon DOS, although you need the latter to set this process in motion. You turn on the Dragon as usual and when the Dragon DOS logo appears insert the OS9 system disk and enter the command "BOOT", which loads the essential control modules into memory and sets up 64K of RAM. These essential routines are concerned with items such as input/output (I/O) management, disk control, keyboard scan, video display, printer and real time clock. At this point you have 48K of memory still free for use.
The "shell" is the part of OS9 which accepts commands from the keyboard and acts as the interface between you and the rest of OS9. Whenever the shell is waiting for an input the "OS9" prompt is shown at the start of the next line. The command line always starts with the name of the program to be run (which can be one of several different types) and once the line is entered the shell searches for this name, first in memory, next in the "execution directory", and finally in the users "data directory".
There are many similarities between OS9 and Unix, and pathlists are an important concept. These are descriptions of the route to be followed by a command and are somewhat similar to the "filenames" used by other systems, except that they frequently consist of a list of names rather than just a single name. Multifile devices (like disks) store data in separate files which have names that are entered in a "directory file". When a new disk is first formatted a "root directory" is created automatically, and sub-directories are formed beneath this in a tree-structured hierarchy.
For example, the root directory of the standard OS9 system disk contains seven files: OS9Boot, CMDS, DEFS, SYS, startup, RUN32 and RUN51, and the CMDS directory contains a further series of files which contain the modules for 47 individual OS9 commands. It is sometimes a nuisance to have to specify a complete pathlist to call up a particular file, but this is often unnecessary and only a relatively minor irritation.
The default startup file uses the normal Dragon text display, with upper-case letters only, but both upper and lower-case (inverse) can be called with "-UPC", with or without shift-lock. A number of control functions can be called by codes or via the "cIear" key, and a "type-ahead" buffer operates except when the disk drive is running. An altematlve video driver producing a 51 column by 24 line true upper and lower case display can be called by "go51". However, although preferable, it does eat up 6K of memory.
Modes and codes
Two hi-resolution graphics modes are supported (=PMODE 3 and 4) and codes are available to produce the equivalents of PMODE, COLOR, PSET, PRESET, PCLS, MOVE. LINE and CIRCLE. But the very useful DRAW, GET and PUT are notable by their absence. Joystick values can be called via assembly language system calls.
OS9 has a unified I/O system in which transfer of information takes place in the same way regardless of the hardware device involved. This means that I/O can easily be redirected to alternative devices without having to alter the program. (For example, to divert output from the screen to the parallel printer port all you need to do is to add ">/P" to your execution command instead of changing every occurrence of "PRINT" to "PRINT#-2".) This also means that programs are highly portable from your Dragon to any other computer using the 6809 CPU. The "AClA51" module redirects input or output to the serial port, and this can be used, for instance, to drive a serial printer or to transfer data from another device (such as another Dragon). No cassette driver routines are provided.
If more than one program is entered on the same line, separated by semicolons, then these programs will be executed strictly in sequence. The second kind of separator is the ampersand (&) which denotes concurrent execution (two or more programs running simultaneously). Much of the time the CPU is simply waiting for some input and the efficiency of OS9 is much enhanced by "timeslicing" which allows different processes to share CPU time and other resources.
Management is carried out automatically but specific priorities can be applied to different processes if desired. As an example entering "DlR>/P&" will show a process ID number (for example, 001), start to print out a directory to the printer, but immediately return the OS9 prompt so that another command can be entered. The final type of separator (!) sets up "pipelines" between concurrent programs so that the output from one automatically becomes the input for another with perfect synchronisation.
OS9 will support timesharing between a number of terminals and the LOGIN command can also be used on the standard system to check tor the correct password before entry is allowed. Every file has ownership and attributes which determine who may access the file and how it may be used. The current user number is automatically added to the file, and execution, reading and writing can be restricted to this user. Finally we must mention the OS9gen and Cobbler commands which allow you to change the system boot configuration to suit particular applications.
Undoubtedly OS9 is a very valuable tool, the power of which is well demonstrated in the applications software described below.
Basic 09 is described as "an enhanced and structured Basic language programming system specially created for the 6809 advanced microprocessor used by the Dragon computer". In fact Basic 09 is rather a Basic/PascaI hybrid with an odd bit ot Fortran thrown in for good measure. One very important feature is that it has an interactive compiler which gives it the speed of a compiled language and the ease of use of an interpreted language.
Although Microsoft's Color Basic (the standard Dragon version) is extremely easy to use and is noted for its excellent graphics commands, it was not written for a particular processor whereas Basic 09 was especially written to exploit the full potential of the 6809. Basic 09 is fully compatible with other programs running under OS9 so that you can use it to process files produced with the database package HMS, Stylograph and others.
Basic 09 is made up of some 22K of code and on startup 4K is reserved for workspace, although this is easily changed with MEM up to a maximum of about 24K. On startup it is in SYSTEM mode where you can interact with OS9 and control the workspace environment. Programs are written and amended in EDIT mode, the language is fully structured, and programs are written as procedures where line numbers are optional. A syntax check is automatically made at the and of each line and in addition a further error check is performed when the procedure is complete. Provided that no errors are found the program is immediately compiled to Intermediate ("I") code which is executed by run-time routines.
When an existing procedure is edited it is automatically decompiled and the "I-code address" of each line is printed out so that the position of errors can be easily located. Program listings are automatically "pretty primed" to show nesting. A wide range of editing commands (including search, change and renumber) are provided. Standard control structures are supported, in addition to WHILE...DO, REPEAT...UNTIL, LOOP... ENDLOOP, IF...ENDIF and ON ERROR GOTO are supported.
Programs can be simply RUN by name or AUTO-RUN allows immediate execution after loading. If errors are found then these are dealt wtth in the comprehensive DEBUG mode. In particular BREAK allows you to set up breakpoints, STEP executes a procedure one source statement at a time, and STATE lists the nesting of all active procedures. TRON turns on trace mode where the compiled code of each equivalent statement line is reconstructed to source statements and displayed before the statement is executed. The PACK command allows you to further reduce the size and execution time of your program by forcing another compiler pass which removes names, line numbers, non-executable statements and so on. But once the procedure is in this form it cannot be edited, debugged or reloaded into the workspace, although the code can be run from OS9 at any time and is secure. Speed-up in the order of 10-30 percent is claimed, but that rather depends on how much unnecessary material there was in the original version!
A Graphics Interface Module ("GFX"), written in assembly language, is provided to give easier access to the hi-res facilities described under OS9 itself. In addition to the facilities mentioned previously there are GLOC (returns the address of the video display RAM), GCOLR (=PPOlNT) and JOYSTICK (as Color Basic). No sound capabilities are included (apart from BELL).
OS9 has very powerful mathematical functions and nine-decimal-digit, 40-bit-binary floating point arithmetic.
The TYPE statement can be used to produce a new user-defined data type which may mix the standard data types. As well as the normal Boolean operators (NOT, AND, OR and XOR) bit-by-bit logical operators are provided (LNOT, LAND, LOR and LXOR). Other functions include MOD (remainder), ADDR (memory address of a variable, array, or structure name), SIZE (size of a variable, array, or structure name), ERR (code of the most recent error), DATE$ (current date and time), and TRlM$ (removes trailing spaces from a string). The useful lNKEY$ commend does not appear in the manual (except as an assembly listing) although in fact it is actually present in the CMDS directory.
Files and I/O are dealt with in typical unified OS9 fashion. INPUT, PRINT, PRINT USING, CREATE, OPEN, CLOSE, DELETE, READ and WRITE are self-explanatory. GET and PUT statements are completely different from their Microsoft pseudonyms and read and write fixed size binary data records to files or devices whilst SEEK changes the file pointer. They are the primary I/O commands for random access and can be used to deal with individual records or whole data structures. As they use the same binary format as the actual disk files they are much faster than READ and WRITE which convert characters to and from ASCII format.
Speed measurement
Although we are not generally greatly in favour of comparing "benchmarks" for different machines, a quick check of the standard (Kilobaud) comparisons revealed such a startling improvement over standard Dragon Basic that we could not resist including them.
A quick glance at the comparison table shows what a real boost has been added to the Dragon. Even in the worst case (using real numbers) the speed improvements are dramatic (execution time reduced to 35 percent). If integer numbers are used wherever possible the results are almost unbelievable (reduction to only 14 percent of the original time). Comparisons with some other machines are also very interesting and demonstrate that 16 bits are no substitute for good software.
Complete package
The Stylograph wordprocessing program is only available as a complete package which also includes the Mailmerge and Spellcheck options, but as the total price is only £79.95 you can hardly complain about that. lt can be used on a single or dual disk system, but on a single disk system storage space is somewhat limited as the extensive dictionary is on the same disk as the text files. A detailed manual is provided which explains the system quite clearly, and a step-by-step tutorial is also provided. The manual was obviously not written specifically for the Dragon and unfortunately the tutorial is very confusing in places as the examples given assume that the default screen display is wider than it actually is. (Stylograph uses a 51 column by 24 row display format but line length can go up to 160 characters and the screen can be scrolled left and right in 25 character steps.)
To use Stylograph, simply replace the OS9 system disk with the Stylograph disk, change the directories to the new disk (chx/d0/cmds chd/d0), move to 51 column mode (go51) and type "stylo" to enter "supervisor mode" where a menu of options is provided which are selected with a moving cursor. Text can be loaded and saved, backup files are automatically kept, and accidental deletion of files is difficult as comprehensive error traps are included.
The extensive printout capabilities will support virtually any type of printer (including proportional spacing) and any necessary modifications can be carried out at the time or on a permanent basis by calling the STYFIX program. Even when the system is configured for a special printer, supporting underlining or alternate fonts, a straightforward printout can still be produced by selecting the TTY option, and files can also be spooled to disk for later printing. It is possible to PASS any command to OS9 from within Stylograph, which is particularly useful if you want to call up a disk directory, for example.
Selecting EDIT takes you into the ESCAPE mode where cursor control, scrolls, find, replace, move, duplicate, delete, insert and single character overwrite can be carried out. A useful card showing the keyboard functions in escape and control modes is provided. The current page number is displayed at the top of the screen, together with a line of dashes to indicate the line length and you can easily jump to any existing page. The cursor control and scroll keys are grouped in the traditional diamond pattern, and hitting the semicolon takes you into INSERT mode, where text can be entered. It is obvious that you are in insert mode as the current line is now indicated with a row of inverted hyphens indicating the line length.
Full page formatting facilities are provided, and the effect of many of the commands is visible immediately on screen. Text may be unjustified, left justified, right justified, or centred and the input buffer and concurrent rewrite of the display mean that it is impossible to "miss" characters even when typing rapidly. Page headers and footers, new paragraphs and pages, margins and indents can be defined.
Control functions can be called from either escape or insert mode, with the "clear" key being used as control. CTRL-A calls assistance if you forget a command; CTRL-D, -W and -X delete characters, words or lines; -R sets tabs; -Y clears tabs and -T moves to the next tab position. Five different types of character modifications can be specified (provided that your printer can accept them): underline (-U), overline (-O), superscript (-I), subscript (-K), and boldface (-B). These are normally indicated by reverse printing of the text, but they can also be checked by the VIEW command (-V), which replaces the text with different numbers according to the modifications called, and all modifications can be removed with -Z. CTRL-F allows you to remove the format lines from the screen so that more text can be viewed, and -P shows the current status of the text.
CTRL-G allows you to insert "ghost hyphens" into long words. The final control function (-N) allows you to put a name (explanation) to any error you may encounter. Hitting the clear and break keys at the same time returns you to the escape mode.
To begin with we found that switching between insert and escape modes was a little tedious, but with practice this was not really a problem. The maximum memory allocation for Stylograph seems to be #15K which only gives a total of 8901 bytes for text storage (about six double-spaced A4 pages), which is rather small, but text files can be linked to produce longer documents. lt is a very sophisticated system (the stylo file alone contains over 21K of code and 6K are needed for the hi-res text display) so there has inevitably been a trade-off between facilities and space.
The Mailmerge option has three functions. First of all it allows you to print any number of copies in a particular file. Secondly it allows you to link files together for printout as a single document with continuous page numbers, headings and so on. Finally it allows you to merge a file of "variables"with a text file. The most obvious variables are names and addresses for personalised circular letters but there are obviously many other applications. As OS9 is multitasking it is easy to set up Mailmerge as a background task which proceeds even as you are preparing another document.
If you can't stand the noise of your printer when you are working then you can simply divert the output to a comprehensive disk file which can be printed later. If you also have the RMS database you can use it to produce a file of specific data to be merged with the text.
The final part of the package is Spellcheck, a very impressive program which rapidly compares each word in your text file with the contents of its dictionaries and reports any words which it cannot find for possible correction. The standard dictionary contains an amazing 42.000 words (Spellstar has 12,000) which are in a specially compressed format that occupies only a quarter of the space normally required. In addition it is easy to add new words (such as technical terms) to a supplementary dictionary.
If a "non-match" is found then the word is displayed and one of a number of options can be selected. You can simply (I)gnore the word or (A)dd it to the dictionary. On the other hand, if you are less sure of yourself, you can decide to (D)isplay it in context or (F)lag it for later action. ln theory it is possible to decompress the dictionary to read the words but the normal Dragon disks are too small to hold the results. More usefully, it is possible to merge supplementary dictionaries into the main one to give more rapid checking of added words. As a sideline a wordcount is also produced during checking.
We hope this introduction gives a taste of what can be done with OS9 - other applications packages will have to wait for a later review.
Speaking in dialects - from Dragon User magazine, June 1984
Keith and Stephen Brain review OS9 languages
In addition to the compiled Basic 09 language, reviewed earlier in Dragon User, Dragon Data is also marketing two other language packages running under OS9 - Pascal V2.0 and C-Compiler (£79.95 each). These offerings are rather unusual for such a small system but they extend the capabilities of the Dragon far beyond its humble origins and towards the far loftier heights of much more powerful hardware and software concepts.
Pascal is a language much loved by computer scientists because of its inherently logical structure, great power, and general "correctness" in their eyes. lt was originally developed in the late 1960s by Professor Niklaus Wirth of Zurich, as a means of teaching programming as a logical and systematic discipline, and like all good languages now has a series of dialects. The dialect used here follows the ISO specification, rather than the UCSD model. Some of the more obvious original distinctions between Pascal and Basic have become rather blurred in some of the more recent and powerful versions of Basic (especially Basic 09) as many of the best features of Pascal have been transported across.
A major difference to the programmer used to standard Microsoft Basic is that Pascal programs must be completely written with some form of text editor, and then compiled into an intermediate form, known as P-code, by a Pascal compiler before they can be run and tested. Whilst a comprehensive debugging package helps sort out the bugs which inevitably tend to fall into your programs, we find working with this type of batch-compiled language vary tedious. I know that the "experts" will (perhaps quite rightly) say that this is because we are sloppy programmers, but in our experience it is often the empirical approach which seems to work best.
Pascal has found very wide application in serious computing because of its versatility and power, but, power almost inevitably implies size and there have therefore been difficulties in the past in trying to fit full-feature versions of Pascal into the pint pot of a microcomputer. However, as the 6809 microprocessor was specifically designed from square one to run such high level languages, life with the Dragon is more tolerable than usual. Programs compiled into P-code run rather slower than pure machine code, as each instruction must be processed in turn by the run-time interpreter, but, the OS9 Pascal goes further than usual and allows you to also convert this P-code directly into "native" 6809 machine code. Taking this "back-door assembler" route gives a speed advantage of some four to 10 times over standard Pascal, without the necessity of ever actually grappling with mnemonics!
Another major factor in the attraction of this particular package is the ability of the OS9 operating system to support "virtual memory" on disk. This means that you can actually run Pascal programs which are much bigger than the total memory size. A good example of the use of this feature is the Pascal Compiler itself, which operates in this way by swapping blocks into and out of memory. The language is supplied on two disks, both of which are needed to run the language, so a double disk drive is essential. "Pascal" is a machine code tront-end which calls "PascalS" (the swapping P-code interpreter) to run the P-code "Pascal-CompiIer".
The text file "PascalErrs" produces full English error messages at all stages. "PascalN" is used to run compiled P-code programs, unless they are so large that the swapping method (and "PascalS") must be used, which adds a time penalty. "PascalT.RUN" is the native code translation program, which is written mainly in P-code but also calls some machine code routines from "PascalT.MODL", and uses the "PascaIDefs" file which contains assembly language source code definitions. "PascaIE" is a linkage editor which is used to combine separately compiled procedures into a single program. Three machine code support modules containing commonly used library routines are also included. "Support" takes up 9K, but two alternative stripped-down versions are also provided ("Support1" (7K) and "Support2" (5K)).
An extensive User Manual is included in the price, but if your are a newcomer to Pascal then you will also need a good introductory book - of which there are many (although Programming in Pascal, Revised Edition by P Grogono (Addison-Wesley, 1980) and introduction to Pascal - second edition by J Welsh and J Elder (Prentice-HalI, 1982) can be recommended). If you want to learn Pascal, or the language has obvious advantages in your particular applications, then this comprehensive package does all you could reasonably ask of it. For ourselves we will probably continue to be peasants who prefer to use Basic 09, which has many Pascal-type features but a more userfriendly compiler interface.
C-Compiler is a rather more recent development than Pascal, having emerged from Bell Laboratories in 1972 as Dennis Ritchie's development of an earlier language named "B" (who said that computer scientists had no imagination?]). The main feature which makes "C" stand out from other languages is that it was designed from the outset as a means of writing "portabIe" programs. In this context portability refers to the ability to run a program on different machines rather than any question of physical size. It falls somewhere between high-level languages like Basic and Pascal and Assembly Language, providing a workable structure which is close to machine code but essentially processor-independent. The fundamental flow-control constructions (if, while, for, do and switch) are supported, but "C" deals essentially with characters, numbers and addresses. Inevitably it is not the easiest language to learn, and it does not feature all the error traps of higher-level languages, but you can't make omelettes without breaking eggs. The "Bible" of the "C" programmer is The C Programming Language by B Kernigham and D Ritchie (Prentice-HaII, 1978), although the price of £17.95 is rather steep and Learning to Program in C by Thomas Plum (Prentice-Hall, 1983) is both cheaper (£12.95) and more readable.
A major demonstration of the power of the language is the fact that the Bell Unix operating system (on which OS9 itself is based) was entirely rewritten in "C" by Ritchie so that it could be routinely run on IBM, Honeywell and Interdata systems. "C" is rapidly growing in popularity amongst serious software writers as it makes them more productive. Once a "C" program is written it can easily be "ported" on to any machine which has a "C-Compiler" available, and in particular it is claimed that because of the close similarity between OS9 and Unix almost any application written in "C" can be directly transported, recompiled and correctly executed.
The OS9 C-Compiler again comes on two disks, together with a comprehensive manual. There is no official standard for "C" but this version follows the Kernighan and Ritchie model closely (but with some enhancements and extensions). In particular the ability of the 6809 to use a "direct page" structure is supported, and assembly language may be embedded. The system interface supports almost all the system calls of both OS9 and Unix and a complete standard library of predefined standard functions is included ("stdio.h").
The "ccl" command calls a two pass compiler ("c.pass1" and "c.pass2") which converts source code into an executable file. An optimisation ("c.opt") pass automatically occurs after the compilation passes, which removes redundant code and searches for sequences that can be replaced by shorter and faster equivalents. A profiler option can be included which counts each time a function is called during execution, so that program structure can be logically modified if desired. The final output is position-independent reentrant 6809 code in standard OS9 memory module format. This code can be used as a subroutine called from the Basic 09 RUN command, although care must be taken as intemal data representation is not identical. lf you are one of the stout hearts who can see into the future - and wants to get to grips with "C" then here is your chance to get into the act at a bargain system price, and write software compatible with the next generation of machines.
The final utility disk currently available from Dragon Data is the Editor Assembler Debugger package which comes on a single disk, with a comprehensive manual, for £49.95. The first part is a powerful macro text editor. Although the manual suggests that "it is commonly used to prepare letters and documents" we feel that you must be rather at masochist to use it in preference to a proper word processor such as Stylograph! On the other hand it is extremely useful for preparing program source files for Pascal, "C" and the Assembler itself.
Multiple read/write files can be open simultaneously, all OS9 commands are usable within the workspace, and the editor commands are a superset of those used in Basic 09. Search and replace operations are supported, conditional tests can be applied and edit macros can be defined as new commands to perform particular specialised tasks. The Assembler was designed specifically for the modular multi-tasking environment of OS9 and therefore incorporates features for calling OS9, generating memory modules, encouraging the creation of position-independent code, and maintaining separate program and data sections. A tree-structured symbol table organisation provides fast assembly speed and it has been optimised for use with the "PascaI" and "C" compilers.
In addition to producing "normaI" OS9 modules the assembler can also produce "Motorola-compatible" code which is suitable for the standard Dragon, and conditional assembly is possible with IF, ELSE and ENDC. This disk (and the system disk) holds DEFS files containing labels with their associated values which can be used directly for system calls thus making life simpler and more logical whilst saving much brainwork or thumbing through the manual for codes. Error messages are printed out in the listing just below the source line containing the error. The lnteractive Debugger (DEBUG) is the final part of this trio, providing calculations, memory examine and change, register display and change, breakpoint set and remove, memory clear and test, memory dump and memory search. and programs can be executed in a number of ways. Finally the Shell command allows system commands to be passed and other programs to be manipulated from within the debugger.
The basic starting OS9 package consists of the OS9 System Disk and a detailed OS9 Operating System Users Guide for £39.95. A further even weightier tome, the OS9 Operating System - System Programmers Manual, is also available from [[Dragon Data Ltd|Dragon Data], but only in exchange for a further 50 per cent on the purchase price (£19.95), although that does include yet another of these video cassette cases! So what is the essential difference between a "user" and a "system programmer" and do you really need the information in the second volume? Perhaps the answer is already there, to some extent, as the very fact that the parts are sold separately indicates the non-essentiality of the further information to many users.
The System Programmers Manual is of a "general" nature, describing implementation of OS9 on any hardware, a factor which can sometimes cause confusion as it goes into details on ROM contents. It does, however, set out clearly the details of Basic System Organisation, Kernel Functions, Memory Utilisation, Multiprogramming, Process Creation, Execution Scheduling, Signals, and Interrupt Processing, before going on to the structure and definition of memory modules.
The Unified Input/Output system is described in detail with explanations of the operations of the File Managers, Device Driver and Descriptor Modules, Random Block File Manager, Disk Organisation, File Descriptors, Device Descriptors and Drivers, Sequential Character File Manager, Line Editing and so on. These sections are mainly concerned with new implementations, although they are also essential reading if you want to add any "non-standard" devices to your Dragon. A brief mention of Assembly Language Programming Techniques is included, together with information on Adapting the lnitialisation Module. A major (and probably the most important) part of the book is the lengthy series of Service Request Descriptions which define the service calls which are used to communicate between the OS9 operating system and assembly language programs. All these system calls have a mnemonic name beginning with "F$" for system functions or "l$" for input/output related requests, and they can be called by the "OS9" directive of the Assembler.
Undoubtedly this manual is essential if you are going to do any serious Assembly Language Programming, although its appeal to the average user is far more restricted.