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Hey there, so this is our first Spring in our new house and I have come across a problem in the backyard which borders the woods. There is some type of caterpillar out there in the thousands! Seriously, at any given moment there are maybe 10-30+ caterpillars on each of the decorative plants out there. We have a waterfall and there are maybe 300 dead ones under the water. If you look up, you can see that all of the trees have had their lower leaves just destroyed. They are on every surface, the ground, the trees, all plants, rocks, everywhere! What can we do about this!! I posted a pic of the culprits on an azalea that they have nearly killed. |
Follow-Up Postings:
They look like the bag worm critters that usually are found in wild cherry trees. I haven't noticed them yet here in central NC. Perhaps I just haven't looked up much. Lots of folks get rid of those trees. You can also take a long stick and wrap up a web loaded with the critters and stomp it, poison it or burn it. |
Spray them off with a hose. Another name for caterpillars is "bird food". Think of all the hungry baby birds that these will feed. |
- Posted by dottie_in_charlotte z7-8 NC (My Page) on Mon, Apr 29, 13 at 19:31
It's been a heavy year for them. The earliest instars went after the boxwoods and Japanese hollies previous year's growth but the new growth has covered all the early damage. From the photo, looks like these loopers are about full size and soon will drop to the ground to eventually become the wingless female or the male and the cycle begins again. Most of your plants will recover if they have well set roots. |
- Posted by trianglejohn z7b NC (email@example.com) on Tue, Apr 30, 13 at 9:22
A flock of chickens would solve this problem in one weekend. |
- Posted by dottie_in_charlotte z7-8 NC (My Page) on Wed, May 1, 13 at 15:43
Mebbe hers but mine are 70-100 feet up raining down their poop. |
How wonderful, dottie, for the birds migrating through your area as well as for the birds raising chicks in the nest. The plants know very well how to survive this and the poop on the ground is just like slow release fertilizer. |
- Posted by dottie_in_charlotte z7-8 NC (My Page) on Fri, May 3, 13 at 12:05
esh, yup..pre-processed organic leaves..good for the earth but I'll still wear a hat. |
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The new film from director Tomas Alfredson, "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy" has only one flaw, but it's intrinsically huge. That said, it is an intellectual and intriguing mystery with a killer ending.
John le Carre's best-selling Cold War novel (1974) finally makes it to the big screen (PBS aired a miniseries in 1979). Set in 1970s England, the film starts out with a huge bang. A covert operation in Hungary has gone terribly wrong. The mission was set into action by Control (John Hurt), who believed that there was a mole at the highest level in the Secret Intelligence Service. He resigns after the fiasco, and retired operative George Smiley (Gary Oldman) is re-recruited to investigate the validity of Control's suspicions.
The list of suspects has been narrowed down to four men with code names from a nursery rhyme: "Tinker," Percy Alleline (Toby Jones); "Tailor," Bill Haydon (Colin Firth); "Soldier," Roy Bland (Ciaran Hinds); and "Poorman," Toby Esterhase (David Dencik). Spy, of course, equals mole. And, coming in from the cold eliminates Smiley from suspicion. Intelligence leaks, betrayals, torture and secretive gay relationships are soon unearthed, proving that "nothing is genuine anymore." No one can be trusted.
Alfredson ("Let the Right One In") ingeniously employs the dropping of subtle clues, one of which involves a single bead of sweat plopping onto a table from a waiter's brow. You know, instinctively, all hell is about to break loose. He also masterfully accentuates the sinister goings-on through lighting. It's dark, dreary and divine.
As the film opens, we are treated to a close-up of Hurt's craggy face and reminded of the consummate actor he is. He simply graces the screen with his presence. Oldman is, finally, once again center stage, demonstrating he can own a film even among some of the greatest British film actors out there today. And, although following the plot, at times, can be confusing, witnessing impeccable performances more than compensates for the diversions.
Spoiler alert: There is one monumental casting catastrophe in "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy." Now, don't get me wrong. Colin Firth ("The King's Speech") is beyond perfect in the film. But one should never cast an actor of his caliber (Oscar winner) whose character's screen time is practically nil until the end. It's inevitable he's going to show up and have an immense impact. It's just too suspicious and, might I add, obvious that Firth's absence was a dead giveaway.
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Sat, Apr 21, 12 at 19:10
When you go to our FAQ you will see.....everything in it is what you have contributed, from Bamboo Rabbit and Blueberries to Tom and Irrigation....it is there. I am sure I have missed many of our best posts, so please share them with me. Also, please update the posts for tips and new gardeners. Say it once instead of 100 times. :)
Tina |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by gardengimp 9B Seminole Cnty FL (My Page) on Sat, Apr 21, 12 at 22:27
Vegetable Gardening in Florida - http://solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu/hot_topics/lawn_and_garden/veggie_gardening.html Good job Tina! ~dianne |
Thank you Dianne! I have now put this link under the Begginners section of the FAQ under Vegetable Gardening Guide. Thanks for your contribution! |
Thanks for your work, Tina. This sure would have made my life easier several years ago when I first came on here. |
Thank you Ladywingr! I agree....If you noticed my earlier posting I started my first veggie garden in May in 2000. It was pretty bad and put me off gardening for awhile. |
I noticed some updates on the threads in the FAQ. I want to thank the contibutors for pitching in! |
Terrific work, Tina. Thanks for all your time. Thanks also to those who are contributing. I know I'll be using it a lot as I try to learn to grow more things. |
Good work kid! ;-) |
L-in-FL your post on north Florida gardening was AWESOME!!! Thank you!! Hi Tom. :) thank you! btw was it bicarbonate of soda on the pepper plants? |
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Wed, Oct 15, 08 at 15:54
Hi, I've posted in the seed saving forum but had no answers yet so I thought I could give it a try here too, I am new here sooo......
We have some very pretty shades of pinks cosmos growing & want to save the seed for replanting. Several have dropped their petals & what is left from the center of the flower is beginning to dry & seems prickly. I tried to break one open today to see the seeds but cannot seem to find them, the center of what I broke open is still soft inside. Anyone have any info, greatly appreciated! Thanks very much! |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by georgez5il z5 IL (My Page) on Wed, Oct 15, 08 at 19:32
you said it starting to dry go ahead & let it dry. I have allowed it to self sow... do nothing |
- Posted by tumblingtomatoes (My Page) on Thu, Oct 16, 08 at 9:15
Thanks, then they will come up on their own, right? Yeah, they are drying out now. |
- Posted by evonnestoryteller 5-6 (My Page) on Thu, Oct 16, 08 at 21:11
They do self sow nicely. I collect seed too. A lot of the cosmos seed heads look like a little ball of spikes. The pink ones are softer in shape. |
Here is a link that might be useful: Cosmos Seedhead
Yep, the seed are like spikes. They easily self-sow or can be easily gathered and winter sowed. |
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"I love to look inside of things and discover the typically unseen details that comprise the whole. These images are meditations on beauty, a metaphor for how I want to live my life. After years of operating at warp speed as a commercial photographer, I stopped to smell the roses and take a look within. What I found took my breath away." - Mark Hanauer
Acclaimed photographer Mark Hanauer will premier his first collection of botanical photos at the Huntington Botanical Gardens in Pasadena, CA; one of the world's great cultural, research, and educational centers.
Hanauer's exhibit "Personal Nature" will be a part of the Huntington Botanical Garden's overall exhibit "Focus on Flowers", which will be on display from Saturday, September 10th - Tuesday, November 1st.
On Saturday, October 15th there will be an artist reception for Mark Hanauer at the Huntington Botanical Gardens (1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, CA 91108) from 6:00pm - 8:00pm.
Hanauer's exploration of botanicals began upon a visit the Huntington Botanical Gardens. Hanauer got lost in the beauty, color, and shapes that appeared thought the botanical gardens which inspired him to create a series of images that were purely personal.
Mark Hanauer is a photographic artist living in Santa Monica, California. He creates evocative imagery in the world of entertainment, beauty, advertising, editorial and fine arts.
Mark's portraits have graced film, athletic and arts books and magazines for many years. Interested in vision over subject matter, Hanauer moves seamlessly among genres, shooting arresting portraits to creating otherworldly meditations on flowers and other sublime landscapes. Hanauer's work has been featured in Rolling Stone, GQ, Time, New York Times Sunday Magazine, Los Angeles magazine, Esquire, Men's Fitness, as well is in the permanent collection of the Deutsche Guggenheim Museum, Berlin. Hanauer has also taught at The Art Center College of Design and UCLA.


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The Los Angeles garage rock band together PANGEA is less than a week away from releasing the new album Badillac, and we've already posted their nutso NSFW video for "Cat Man." The album's title track is a half-acoustic punk-rock strummer about a bad breakup, and it has some seriously top-notch power-pop handclaps. Listen to it at SoundCloud.
Badillac is out 1/21/14 on Harvest Records.
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Do Your Homework!
Feature: Help clients get the most out of their work with you by providing them with handouts.
In his book Pilates' Return to Life Through Contrology, Joseph Pilates wrote: "Physical fitness is the first requisite of happiness and can neither be acquired by wishful thinking nor by outright purchase (Pilates & Miller 1998)." First published in 1945, this book is more relevant than ever today, as clients seem to have less time to work out, and a lot more excuses as to why.
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This continuing education quiz is an in-depth look at plyometric training. Plyometric exercises—jumping, bounding, hopping, arm pushing, and catching and throwing weighted objects such as machine balls—are movements that involve rapid eccentric and concentric muscle actions. |


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04 February - 09 June 2014
Visit State Library of Queensland's Our Dreaming, a free interactive exhibition for all ages, showcasing Queensland's vibrant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories as they are retold through animation.
Begin your journey in kuril dhagun (level 1) and enjoy an exhibition of stories by the next generation of Indigenous storytellers. Head upstairs to SLQ Gallery (level 2) where you can watch touching and timeless Australian animations, stories suitable for all the family with spaces to tell your own.
... moreThen it's all hands on level 4! Enter the animation studio to experiment with apps and programs to bring your stories to life on screen with free animation workshops for all ages.
Contact SLQ for more information.
... less04 February - 09 June 2014 |
* Please note: These rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available costs of listed products and services. To obtain a firm price from the provider, please use the contact the operator . All prices are quoted in Australian dollars.


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My cat keeps to himself and is a generally happy guy, but sometimes you can't shut him up! These random noise fests have me wondering: Why does my cat meow constantly?
There are a few explanations to explore.
1. Cry for Attention
Your cat may simply want your attention. This could be for play time or just wanting your attention. Don't respond every time your cat meows but provide attention when he becomes quiet. If he keeps singing the meow song, walk away until he calms down.
Walking away is for excessive meowing. You should still make sure to spend time with your cat every day, especially playing to provide a proper amount of exercise. Exercise and play are essential to your cat's well-being.
- Don't Miss: 10 Fresh and Easy Ways to Exercise a Cat
Keep rewarding the quiet behavior and ignoring the constant meowing. Rewarding your cat for being quiet can help curb the constant meowing, but it might still be a long process. What rewards should you provide? Before you reach for the cat treats, consider using your cat's kibble instead. If you're working with this method consistently, you don't want to increase the junk food factor.
2. Under the Weather
Meowing is one way a cat communicates, and he may be trying to tell you that he doesn't feel well. Cats are very good at hiding illnesses, and meowing or making noise without showing interest in the food or treat could be a warning sign of an illness that needs attention.
The constant meowing could be a sign of an overactive thyroid, kidney disease, problems urinating or many other health issues. If the meowing behavior is something your cat hasn't done before, it's worth a trip to the vet.
3. Hunger
My cat usually only meows for two reasons. One is potty-related and the other is food. If his bowl is empty he will let me know. Once a day, usually in the evening, he gets canned food instead of dry food. He seems programmed to this ritual and will meow when walking around the kitchen waiting for his special meal. Check to make sure the water is full while you're at it.
4. Stress
Changes in the home, people, guests, new animals or other causes could make your cat stressed. This can be another reason your cat is meowing. It could be an occasional, "I don't like this" meow to a constant, loud, "I'm really mad about this!" Of course your cat can't tell you this, so keep an eye out for new changes that might upset Mr. Floofy. If you are adding an animal to your household, properly socialize the new pet with your cat to avoid problems.
5. Old Age and Confusion
Cats, just like people, can become forgetful or confused in old age. Disorientation is not uncommon, and your cat may meow out of frustration or confusion. Leave a light on at night if that is a common time for the meowing or if your cat is bumping in to things. It also wouldn't hurt to have the vet take a look in case it's something more serious.
6. It's That Time of the Month
Cats in heat can become very vocal all of a sudden, and they do this to attract males. Males can also become very noisy if they detect a cat in heat nearby. Do yourself and the pet overpopulation problem a favor and have your cat spayed or neutered.
7. Hello!
Sometimes your cat may be meowing simply to say, "Hello!" Does your cat meow at specific times, like when you walk in from work or wake up in the morning? (I usually get a paw to the face, but not all cats do that) If your kitty quiets down after offering a greeting, it's not problematic. If you notice the behavior increases substantially, something else may be the cause.
Interact with your cat and try to calm him if the vocalizations become worrisome. Please don't yell, hit or scold your cat as this can cause fear and insecurity. A trip to the vet for a checkup can rule out sickness, and talk to your vet about methods you have tried and what more you can do to ease your kitty's behavior.
Additional Resources
- ASPCA: Meowing and yowling
- Sophia Yin, DVM, MS: Cat constantly meows and drives owner crazy
Photo: tunaboat/Flickr


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Featured Rock the Vote Artist
Song Name | Artist | Album | Genre | Time | ||
1. Everyone Nose (All The Girls Standing In Line For The Bathroom) | N*E*R*D | Seeing Sounds | Hip Hop | 1:30 | Listen |
You already know the story of the Neptunes. World-famous producers and songwriters, Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, over the course of their decade-long career, have literally changed the course of music. It started with the redefining of hip-hop, the two of them wielding a minimalist, synthesized palette and a limitless imagination to create a sound that was as sophisticated and elegant as it was raw and rhythmic.
But N*E*R*D* are not the Neptunes, and the Neptunes are not N*E*R*D*.
"The Neptunes is what we do, but N*E*R*D* is who we are. It's our life," Pharrell would say in 2000, in describing the group that includes him, Chad and longtime friend and creative wunderkind, Shae. The three of them together combine for uninhibited explorations of sounds, emotions and truth, adhering to no agenda, subscribing to no rules. N*E*R*D* is the way they live their life, the way they see the world.


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For centuries, Beijing was closed off to the world, turned inward and literally built around the imperial Forbidden City, the emblem of all that was unknowable about China. But now the capital is reinventing itself to reflect China's global influence, progress, and prosperity. When Tom Scocca arrived—an American eager to see another culture—Beijing was looking toward welcoming the world to its Olympics, and preparations were in full swing to renew itself.
Scocca… (more)


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Hi, my home here in Central Florida has it's original Trane heat pump from 1986 model BWR736E. 3 ton. It still works great and it's pretty cheap to run. I want to have a replacement unit picked out before it breaks.
I'm looking for reliability and cooling efficiency. Would American Standard 4A6H5036E be a good choice? Do I need a 2 stage compressor here in Florida, I understand I need a variable rate air handler. My air handler is in the attic. American Standard/Trane Carrier Lennex/Rheem seem to be most popular and reliable around here. Thanks for any help Dan |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by tigerdunes (My Page) on Mon, Jun 4, 12 at 16:20
Dangar Just so you know, they don't build workhorses like that anymore. My personal favorites would be AmStd Heritage 15 or Trane XR15 with best var speed air handler Tam 7 series. Add a small heat strip. Are you in a coastal location/environment? Here is my personal checklist. Obviously correct sizing is important. If you are unsure, then request a there are three equally important components-quality HVAC, the install by dealer, and probably the most overlooked and disregarded is the ductwork system. these are my minimum specs for a new HP system. both outside and 15 SEER, 12.5+ EER, 9 HSPF you want a thorough inspection of your ductwork system. size, overall any hot/cold spot issues in your home should be addressed. I would only use authorized dealers for the various brands that provide quotes. see mfg websites. I would look at Trane/AmStd,Rheem/Rudd,Carrier/Bryant. Depending on your location, I would not purchase a new HP system that IMO |
- Posted by Dangarlepp (My Page) on Mon, Jun 4, 12 at 19:13
Thanks for all the good info, I'll research that stuff. My house is one floor, concrete block, about 1700 sq ft in Crystal River, Florida about 10 miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico. WE get about 15 nights a year that fall below 32 degrees, maybe one or two nights at 20. It ALWAYS gets above 50 during the day. This unit does get a little icy on the 20 degree nights. |
- Posted by weedmeister (My Page) on Tue, Jun 5, 12 at 16:46
I think the word is that the Trane families do better in a coastal environment (better corrosion protection). |
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text: After almost 2 decades in the dance music industry Mars is still recognized as a legendary figure in US electronic dance music history. Originally born in LA's west side, Mars moved to San Francisco and began making waves in the underground community in the early 90's. By 1994 Mars began throwing the first events in California dedicated exclusively to Trance music. These events known as "Frequency 8" helped pave the way for a West Coast Trance explosion, from new DJ's and event companies like Skills in SF, he inspired a generation of fans and future producers. Early on in his career Mars took to the studio and was eventually invited to work alongside early influential European producers like Commander Tom, Nostrum, Captain Tinrib, Nuclear Hyde, Steve Baltes of Deep Voices, and Oliver Leib. He was later signed to one of Germany's most infamous labels at the time, Noom Records as their first American artist. Mars has since evolved from the early Cybertrance sound and gone on to produce two albums "Sonic Sunrise" and "Alienaided." His last album expanded even further by working with Donald Glaude, the Jungle Brothers and George Clinton. Mars continues spreading his music by sticking to his roots of raising peoples frequencies with the power of sound.


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Whitmer penalized by OHSAA; Findlay wins 2011 TRAC football and hoops titles
The Ohio High School Athletic Association wrapped up its 17-month investigation into the use of an alleged ineligible player by Toledo Whitmer High School on Thursday.
A byproduct of that investigation will be a pair of Three Rivers Athletic Conference championships for Findlay High School.
The lengthy OHSAA investigation determined that former Whitmer star football and basketball player LeRoy Alexander, now a defensive back at the University of Nebraska, was ineligible to participate in athletics during the 2011-12 school year.
The school kept Alexander from participating in athletics in the spring of 2011 when the OHSAA first ruled him ineligible. But a Lucas County Common Pleas Court judge issued an injunction ordering the school to reinstate him in August 2011. Whitmer complied with the court order and allowed Alexander to participate in spite of the OHSAA spring 2011 ruling.
"We believe he was not living where he claimed he was living and he was ineligible," said OHSAA Commissioner Daniel Ross, who attended a Thursday press conference at Whitmer with Washington Local Schools Superintendent Patrick Hickey.
Hickey said he still feels the school did nothing wrong. He asserts that Alexander was living in the Whitmer district while he attended school there, and said the school was compelled to comply with the court order.
"We feel that LeRoy was living in the district, but that's all in the past. And where we sit today is that Dr. Ross and the OHSAA believe he was ineligible and he participated and the that the punishment is forfeiture. We believe that penalty shouldn't occur, but it is what it is," Hickey said.
The penalties imposed by the OHSAA on Whitmer, one of Findlay's rivals in the Three Rivers Athletic Conference, are severe.
Whitmer forfeits all wins during the 2011 football season and 2011-12 basketball season.
The Panthers posted a 13-1 record during the 2011 football season and reached the Division I state semifinals. They handed Findlay its only loss of the regular season when the Panthers scored a 49-23 win over the Trojans in Week 7.
The forfeits give Findlay High School a perfect 10-0 mark in the record book for the 2011 season and make the Trojans 2011 TRAC football champion, according to TRAC Commissioner Ken Myers.
Whitmer also won the 2011-12 TRAC boys basketball championship with a 12-2 league record on its way to a Division I state runner-up finish. After Whitmer's forfeits, Findlay, Toledo Central Catholic and Toledo St. John's share the TRAC boys basketball title, as each now finishes 12-2. The Trojans were swept by the Panthers in last year's two-game season series.
The forfeits also ensure that Findlay finishes as the 2011 TRAC boys all-sports champion.
Because of the ruling, Whitmer will also vacate its state semifinal appearance in football and its state runner-up showing in basketball. It was noted that individual players will get to keep their state tournament medals.
"These forfeits are extremely painful. All those kids who aren't involved in this are being punished and it's a very harsh life lesson. This agreement was not reached easily but we feel this is in our best interest to move forward," Hickey said.
"Biggest thing today is that I hope the cloud of suspicion has been lifted off this district. The rumor and innuendo has been so reckless and damaging."
The OHSAA also found Whitmer showed a lack of diligence when checking on transfer students' residency and making sure all of the district's 130 coaches had the proper certification before they were allowed to coach.
In addition to the forfeitures, the school district will pay the OHSAA $50,000 to defray the costs of the investigation. According to Ross, the investigation of Whitmer cost nearly $100,000.
Hickey asserted the $50,000 payment is not a fine.
"A fine indicated wrongdoing, there was no wrongdoing. It was lack of full due diligence that we have corrected," said Hickey, whose school handles 1,000 transfers in and out of the district per year.
"Let me be clear. Washington Local Schools is an ethical and honest organization. The OHSAA agrees that the school district is an honest organization and that the Washington Local Schools were not complicit and didn't turn a blind eye toward any wrongdoing," Hickey said.
Whitmer's payout to the OHSAA will come from the school district's general fund. Hickey said the school decided it was best to end the dispute with the OHSAA now rather than pay legal fees while fighting the ruling.
The 2-year-old Three Rivers Athletic Conference has dealt with the forfeiture issue once before. During the 2011 boys soccer season, Toledo St. John's was forced to forfeit five wins because it used an ineligible player, which gave Toledo St. Francis the league championship.


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Magnolia was rescued from someones yard by a kind volunteer of ours. She is about 5 months old right now and is a bit shy. She loves attention though, and will purr when pet. She can only go to a home that really doesnt expect her to be a lap cat. She just LOVES other cats. She MUST go to a home that has another cat, that she can pal around with. If someone is looking for an adorable kitten, then she is the kitten for you.
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Other Pets at Ray of Hope
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Magnolia, a East Brunswick Domestic Shorthair cat was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Domestic Shorthair for sale in East Brunswick, or seeking a Domestic Shorthair cat from a breeder in East Brunswick.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in East Brunswick already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a East Brunswick breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
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The Resource Center has all the info you'll need From content to user feedback, the resource center has the information you need for every level of the entrepreneurial process.
Document destruction probably isn't at the top of your to-do list. But, increasingly, it's becoming a critical business function-and not just for companies with super-secret technology. With identity thieves afoot, for example, even basic personnel information that's gone astray can lead to expensive and distracting lawsuits. This article offers an insider's view of why even small firms should seriously consider outsourcing this function as the most secure, efficient, and economical way to ensure confidentiality.
The devils plaguing entrepreneurs who outsource are indeed in the details. Getting it right involves sidestepping five common pitfalls and following five commonsense practices. Basic to a successful outsourcing relationship: Does everyone agree on what the deliverables will be?
When opportunity costs are figured into the cost-benefit mix, outsourcing even non-core functions can become strategic. How much faster could you grow your company if you spent more time leveraging your strengths? This article explores the cost effectiveness of the practice and offers valuable tips for getting started. Key: Choosing the right tasks and the right partners.
What does "Lean" mean? This article provides the basic background, terminology, and insight entrepreneurs need to understand how specific, proven processes lead to reduced costs, improved quality, and delighted customers. It also briefly considers the next logical extension of Lean Manufacturing (Lean Thinking), which allows service companies to benefit from the hard-won lessons of manufacturers.
The Six Sigma manufacturing process drives production to near-perfect levels, seeking less than 3.4 defects per million output units. Here, the basic purpose and process of the Six Sigma methodology, and its connection to "lean" manufacturing, are clearly explained for entrepreneurs. The article also provides tips on getting started and guidelines to successful implementation.
As Buck Knives, Inc., celebrated a century in business, it also faced a cash crunch that was putting it out of business. CEO CJ Buck shares how his team took dramatic action (including moving the company from Southern California to northern Idaho) to fend off high-quality global competitors and to turn the historic and highly regarded company around with its own version of the Toyota Production System (TPS).
After leaping into "Lean," Southern Vinyl Manufacturing gained efficiencies in nearly every area of its operations. Specifically, entrepreneur Rod Matthews explains the challenges and rewards of involving employees in finding and eliminating waste using the "Five Why" process. As a result of "getting lean," the company resolves manufacturing problems by digging deeply to identify root causes instead of just treating symptoms.
Six Disciplines energized this manufacturing firm as its CEO and management team struggled to motivate and reward employees by measuring performance. Engaging employees in ongoing strategic planning, using Six Disciplines software to stay focused on the plan, and remaining accountable for performance resulted not only in increased enthusiasm and efficiency. An unexpected benefit was that it helped management and employees learn how to work much better together.
This article outlines the purpose of the Six DisciplinesT approach, explains in brief the value of some of the tools used in this methodology, and provides useful links, especially to the Six Disciplines Web site. The site provides entrepreneurs with a way to see what implementation might be like and offers examples of companies that have put Six Disciplines to work in their companies. The process is designed specifically for small and mid-sized companies with more than twenty employees.
Even with trained and certified internal quality-improvement leaders, or "belts," Six Sigma efforts can fail because management does not understand the support they need. Such ignorance can mean that Six Sigma quality projects don't match company strategy, receive the right resources or financial support, or benefit from regular reviews by managers who can resolve such issues. Entrepreneurs thinking about implementing a Lean Manufacturing-oriented process need to have a full appreciation not only for the returns but also for the investments required, especially their own time and energy and that of their top team".
Want to get connected? Sign up to receive regular news, polls and updates from The Kauffman Foundation.
A robust online curriculum for entrepreneurs. Explore Founders School >
Top of Mind Blog providing the latest in entrepreneurial news. Go to the TOM Blog >
A network of U.S. cities facilitating a weekly entrepreneur education program. Go to 1 Million Cups >
Whether you are starting or growing a company, FastTrac will help you live your dream at each stage. Go to FastTrac >


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text:
Gas In The Digestive Tract
- What is gas?
- What causes gas?
- Which foods cause gas?
- What are the symptoms of gas?
- How is the cause of gas found?
- How is gas treated?
- Eating, diet and nutrition
- Points to remember
- Hope through research
- For more information
- Acknowledgements
Gas is air in the digestive tract—the large, muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus, where the movement of muscles, along with the release of hormones and enzymes, allows for the digestion of food. Gas leaves the body when people burp through the mouth or pass gas through the anus.
Gas is primarily composed of carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sometimes methane. Flatus, gas passed through the anus, may also contain small amounts of gasses that contain sulfur. Flatus that contains more sulfur gasses has more odor.
Everyone has gas. However, many people think they burp or pass gas too often and that they have too much gas. Having too much gas is rare.
Gas in the digestive tract is usually caused by swallowing air and by the breakdown of certain foods in the large intestine by bacteria.
Everyone swallows a small amount of air when eating and drinking. The amount of air swallowed increases when people:
- Eat or drink too fast
- Smoke
- Chew gum
- Suck on hard candy
- Drink carbonated or "fizzy" drinks
- Wear loose-fitting dentures
Burping allows some gas to leave the stomach. The remaining gas moves into the small intestine, where it is partially absorbed. A small amount travels into the large intestine for release through the anus.
The stomach and small intestine do not fully digest some carbohydrates—sugars, starches, and fiber found in many foods. This undigested food passes through the small intestine to the large intestine. Once there, undigested carbohydrates are broken down by bacteria in the large intestine, which release hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the process. Other types of bacteria in the large intestine take in hydrogen gas and create methane gas or hydrogen sulfide, the most common sulfur gas in flatus.
Studies have detected methane in the breath of 30 to 62 percent of healthy adults.1 A larger percentage of adults may produce methane in the intestines, but the levels may be too low to be detected. Research suggests that people with conditions that cause constipation are more likely to produce detectable amounts of methane.1 More research is needed to find out the reasons for differences in methane production and to explore the relationship between methane and other health problems.
Some of the gas produced in the intestines is absorbed by the bloodstream and carried to the lungs, where it is released in the breath.
Normally, few bacteria live in the small intestine. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is an increase in the number of bacteria or a change in the type of bacteria in the small intestine. These bacteria can produce excess gas and may also cause diarrhea and weight loss. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is usually related to diseases or disorders that damage the digestive system or affect how it works, such as Crohn's disease—an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation, or swelling, and irritation of any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract—or diabetes.
1Sahakian AB, Jee SR, Pimentel M. Methane and the gastrointestinal tract. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2010;55(8):2135–43. Epub 2009 Oct 15.
Most foods that contain carbohydrates can cause gas. In contrast, fats and proteins cause little gas. Foods that produce gas in one person may not cause gas in someone else, depending on how well individuals digest carbohydrates and the type of bacteria present in the intestines.
Some foods that may cause gas include:
- Beans
- Vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussels sprouts, onions, mushrooms, artichokes, and asparagus
- Fruits such as pears, apples, and peaches
- Whole grains such as whole wheat and bran
- Sodas; fruit drinks, especially apple juice and pear juice; and other drinks that contain high-fructose corn syrup, a sweetener made from corn
- Milk and milk products such as cheese, ice cream, and yogurt
- Packaged foods—such as bread, cereal, and salad dressing—that contain small amounts of lactose, a sugar found in milk and foods made with milk
- Sugar-free candies and gums that contain sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol
The most common symptoms of gas are burping, passing gas, bloating, and abdominal pain or discomfort. However, not everyone experiences these symptoms.
Burping. Burping, or belching, once in a while, especially during and after meals, is normal. However, people who burp frequently may be swallowing too much air and releasing it before the air enters the stomach.
Some people who burp frequently may have an upper GI disorder, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease—a chronic condition in which stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus. People may believe that swallowing air and releasing it will relieve the discomfort, and they may intentionally or unintentionally develop a habit of burping to relieve discomfort.
Passing gas. Passing gas around 13 to 21 times a day is normal.2 Flatulence is excessive gas in the stomach or intestine that can cause bloating and flatus. Flatulence may be the result of problems digesting certain carbohydrates.
Bloating. Bloating is a feeling of fullness and swelling in the abdomen, the area between the chest and hips. Problems digesting carbohydrates may cause increased gas and bloating. However, bloating is not always caused by too much gas. Bloating may result from diseases that affect how gas moves through the intestines, such as rapid gastric emptying, or from diseases that cause intestinal obstruction, such as colon cancer. People who have had many operations, internal hernias, or bands of internal scar tissue called adhesions may experience bloating.
Disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can affect how gas moves through the intestines or increase pain sensitivity in the intestines. IBS is a functional GI disorder, meaning that the symptoms are caused by changes in how the digestive tract works. The most common symptoms of IBS are abdominal pain or discomfort, often reported as cramping, along with diarrhea, constipation, or both. IBS may give a sensation of bloating because of increased sensitivity to normal amounts of gas.
Eating a lot of fatty food can delay stomach emptying and cause bloating and discomfort, but not necessarily too much gas.
Abdominal pain and discomfort. People may feel abdominal pain or discomfort when gas does not move through the intestines normally. People with IBS may be more sensitive to gas and feel pain when gas is present in the intestines.
2Gas-related complaints. The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Updated October 2007. Accessed June 26, 2012.
How is the cause of gas found?
Because gas symptoms may be caused by a serious disorder, those causes should be ruled out. Health professionals usually begin with a review of dietary habits and symptoms. The health professional may ask the patient to keep a diary of foods and beverages consumed for a specific time period.
If lactase deficiency is the suspected cause of gas, the health professional may suggest avoiding milk products for a period of time. A blood or breath test may be used to diagnose lactose intolerance.
In addition, to determine if someone produces too much gas in the colon or is unusually sensitive to the passage of normal gas volumes, the health professional may ask a patient to count the number of times they pass gas during the day and include this information in a diary.
Careful review of diet and the amount of gas passed may help relate specific foods to symptoms and determine the severity of the problem.
Because the symptoms that people may have are so variable, the health professional may order other types of diagnostic tests in addition to a physical exam, depending on the patient's symptoms and other factors.
Gas can be treated by reducing swallowed air, making dietary changes, or taking over-the-counter or prescription medications. People who think they have too much gas can try to treat gas on their own before seeing a health care provider. Health care providers can provide advice about reducing gas and prescribe medications that may help.
Reducing swallowed air. Swallowing less air may help reduce gas, especially for people who burp frequently. A health care provider may suggest eating more slowly, avoiding gum and hard candies, or checking with a dentist to make sure dentures fit correctly.
Making dietary changes. People may be able to reduce gas by eating less of the foods that cause gas. However, many healthy foods may cause gas, such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and milk products. The amount of gas caused by certain foods varies from person to person. Effective dietary changes depend on learning through trial and error which foods cause a person to have gas and how much of the offending foods one can handle.
While fat does not cause gas, limiting high-fat foods can help reduce bloating and discomfort. Less fat in the diet helps the stomach empty faster, allowing gases to move more quickly into the small intestine.
Taking over-the-counter medications. Some over-the-counter medications can help reduce gas or the symptoms associated with gas:
- Alpha-galactosidase (Beano), an over-the-counter digestive aid, contains the sugar-digesting enzyme that the body lacks to digest the sugar in beans and many vegetables. The enzyme comes in liquid and tablet form. Five drops are added per serving or one tablet is swallowed just before eating to break down the gas-producing sugars. Beano has no effect on gas caused by lactose or fiber.
- Simethicone (Gas-X, Mylanta Gas) can relieve bloating and abdominal pain or discomfort caused by gas.
- Lactase tablets or drops can help people with lactose intolerance digest milk and milk products to reduce gas. Lactase tablets are taken just before eating foods that contain lactose; lactase drops can be added to liquid milk products. Lactose-free and lactose-reduced milk and milk products are available at most grocery stores.
Taking prescription medications. Health care providers may prescribe medications to help reduce symptoms, especially for people with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth or IBS. For more information about IBS, see the Irritable Bowel Syndrome fact sheet from the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse at http://www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov/.
People's eating habits and diet affect the amount of gas they have. For example, eating and drinking too fast may increase the amount of air swallowed, and foods that contain carbohydrates may cause some people to have more gas.
Tracking eating habits and symptoms can help identify the foods that cause more gas. Avoiding or eating less of these foods may help reduce gas symptoms.
- Gas is air in the digestive tract.
- Everyone has gas. However, many people think they pass gas too often and that they have too much gas. Having too much gas is rare.
- Gas in the digestive tract is usually caused by swallowing air and by the breakdown of certain foods in the large intestine by bacteria.
- Most foods that contain carbohydrates can cause gas. In contrast, fats and proteins cause little gas.
- Foods that produce gas in one person may not cause gas for someone else.
- The most common symptoms of gas are burping, passing gas, bloating, and abdominal pain or discomfort.
- Gas can be treated by reducing swallowed air, making dietary changes, or taking over-the-counter or prescription medications.
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsors research into digestive conditions, including gas. Researchers are studying disorders that may cause gas symptoms, such as IBS.
The NIDDK and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are conducting clinical trials aimed at improving the diagnosis and treatment of IBS. Self Administered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, funded under NIH clinical trial number NCT00738920, assesses the short- and long-term efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy for IBS using two treatment delivery systems: self administered and therapist administered. Long-term project goals include development of an effective self-administered behavioral treatment program that can enhance quality of patient care, improve clinical outcomes, and decrease the economic and personal costs of IBS.
Safety Study of Probiotics in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, funded under NIH clinical trial number NCT00971711, is a phase I study of the safety and effectiveness of VSL#3 in adults with IBS. VSL#3 is a high-potency probiotic medical food that is commercially available. Acupuncture/Moxibustion for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Acu/MoxalIBS), funded under NIH clinical trial number NCT00945074, tests the efficacy of acupuncture in combination with moxibustion for symptom improvement in adults with IBS. Moxibustion is the application of heat from a burning herb at the acupuncture point. All participants will receive moxibustion and will be assigned to one of three treatment protocols: standard acupuncture, individualized acupuncture, and sham acupuncture.
Participants in clinical trials can play a more active role in their own health care, gain access to new research treatments before they are widely available, and help others by contributing to medical research. For information about current studies, visit http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 2000
Chicago, IL 60606–6995
Internet: http://www.eatright.org/ (Click on "Find a Registered Dietitian")
International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
P.O. Box 170864
Milwaukee, WI 53217–8076
Phone: 1–888–964–2001 or 414–964–1799
Fax: 414–964–7176
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: http://www.iffqd.org
2 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3570
Phone: 1–800–891–5389
Fax: 703–738–4929
Email: email@example.com
Internet: www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov
The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1980, the Clearinghouse provides information about digestive diseases to people with digestive disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NDDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about digestive diseases.
This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this publication to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired.
Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts. This publication was reviewed by Brooks D. Cash, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.G., National Naval Medical Center.
NIH Publication No. 13–883
November 2012
Page last updated January 2, 2013


text:
Stung by the damaged economy and a local United Way compensation scandal, the nonprofit community in Charlotte, N.C., has been working to reinvent itself.
Key to that effort have been a handful of local initiatives that aim to change the culture of the local charitable marketplace through a focus on community needs, genuine engagement of donors, and pragmatic strategies to build nonprofit capacity and collaboration.
"The major lesson that Charlotte must learn is to nurture the concept of philanthropy," says Karla Williams, a Charlotte-based national fundraising consultant and a key player in some of the efforts to rebuild the local nonprofit sector.
"It has so little to do with fundraising," she says. "It results in fundraising."
Regardless of their mission, fundraising is an ongoing task for nonprofits.
In Charlotte, the task of boosting nonprofits' fundraising capacity has emphasized their need to help themselves by identifying the limited resources they have and putting them to productive and innovative use to get their own houses in order - an approach that local nonprofit leaders say could serve as a model for nonprofits in any community.
Culture of philanthropy
Fundraising begins with understanding what philanthropy is all about, says Williams, who is principal of The Williams Group, a key adviser to United Way of Central Carolinas on transforming its organizational culture, and director of the Leadership Gift School at the Institute for Philanthropic Leadership, a local effort to strengthen the work of local nonprofit leaders and fundraisers.
"Philanthropy is all about civic engagement, essentially about social reform, community-building," Williams says. "Most development directors and most executive directors are failing to look at the underlying social dynamics of this city, to really understand how they can build a fundraising program that will contribute to the advancement of the greater society."
And as is typically the case in other cities, in Charlotte it is Baby Boomers who are driving the "transformation of civic life," Williams says.
"The 'Me Generation' is much more focused on 'what's in it for me,'" she says. "Therefore, fundraising from Baby Boomers has to be a process that teaches them why the nonprofit sector is so important, why civic engagement and helping your neighbor is so important, why having conversations may be more important than giving money."
History of philanthropy
It is an "absolutely essential necessity" for nonprofits to understand the history of philanthropy in America and the evolution of philanthropy "as a process that ensures democratic freedom and religious freedom," Williams says.
They should know, for example, that the fundraising profession in the U.S. had its genesis in the effort by universities to raise money for scholarships for those who otherwise could not afford higher education.
Nonprofits also should understand the various theories of fundraising, and the "methodologies that are designed to be used under certain conditions and situations."
Every nonprofit board, Williams says, should have a session once or several times a year that focuses on the history of philanthropy in America and why the nonprofit sector exists.
"It's a very sophisticated business-psychology strategy," she says. "It's steeped in psychology but it has a business application. And it's essential that board members and nonprofit staff understand how highly developed that business is."
Understanding the origins and evolution of philanthropy, and the strategies of fundraising, she says, also will help nonprofit professionals understand how to apply philanthropy to shaping their own organizations.
Fundraising capacity
Once a nonprofit is grounded in what philanthropy is all about, Williams says, it needs to understand what donors think.
That requires being "seriously interested in donors' opinions," and getting to know them through focus groups, surveys, personal interviews and other methods.
"Fundraisers have got to learn how to connect with people, to go beyond themselves into the world of their donors in order to create a true culture of philanthropy," Williams says.
Carol Hardison, who is executive director of Crisis Assistance Ministry, one of Charlotte's biggest social-services agencies, and a student in the inaugural class of the Leadership Gift School at the Institute for Philanthropic Leadership, says fundraising is all about customer service, "leveraging" relationships, and communications and marketing.
A former information-technology executive at Duke Energy whose "customers were internal," Hardison says fundraising "is no different than in the for-profit sector, having a service or a product that you want your customers to know about."
Fundraisers also can tap the relationships they have with board members, existing donors and community partners to identify prospective donors, whether individuals or institutions.
"We don't have to have money to buy a list of names," Hardison says. "We don't necessarily need a new database, although at times we do. We just have to work within the existing team that we have."
Equally fundamental, Hardison says, is the ability "tell the story" about a nonprofit to prospective donors and funders.
That includes "understanding your business case" for the needed funds, and the "ability to translate that business case for the need to a person who has an interest or passion in that area."
Fundraising tools
Based on what they learn about prospective donors, Williams says, nonprofits should "establish a process to work with them going forward."
The process she prefers is known as "moves management," or creating a profile in the computer database to track and record any interaction between staff, board and volunteers with prospective donors, as well as anticipated next steps.
That process also aims to create relationships between, on the one hand, the prospective donor, the donor's family and the donor's friends, with the nonprofit's "family" and friends.
"You connect them all," Williams says. "You are looking for ways and places to build a sense of community within the context of your organization, but your organization isn't the only thing that benefits."
A "meaningful transformative gift," she says, also benefits the donor who fulfills a need to make a difference, as well as the individual, group or community served by the nonprofit that receives the gift.
Hardison says it is critical for nonprofits to "maximize your processes and your tools" to generate the greatest benefit from relationships with donors.
A prospective donor, for example, might interact with Crisis Assistance Ministry multiple times on separate, seemingly unrelated occasions, possibly communicating each time with a different representative of the organization, she says.
"We need to have the tools and the processes aligned so that we know to communicate with this person, not as three disjointed point-in-time events, but as a friend of the agency, and we communicate with them in a cohesive and strategic manner."
Curiosity about donors
During a session of the Leadership Gift School, Williams asked the 25 nonprofit professionals in the class to identify their top 25 prospective donors, and encouraged them to try not to simply choose from among the same pool of the 200 wealthiest individuals most fundraisers in Charlotte know about.
"They came back realizing they did not have enough information on their donor base to easily identify who would be their 25 top prospects for a major gift," Williams says.
"What they had was the assumption that people would give," she says. "They did not have knowledge they would give or knowledge of why they would give or who else did they know who could make the ask and who else was giving who would give credit to them."
Nonprofits give "a lot of lip service to our practice," Williams says. "We go through the routines. We buy the great computer programs in the sky. We have all the tools."
Still, she says, nonprofits are missing "the importance of caring about an individual in that database enough to be able to know them, to be able to cause them to be interested in our organization to a greater extent. How do you know somebody if you've never met them? You don't have a relationship."
Most fundraisers, Williams says, learn their profession in the sequence "how, what, why" - how to write a letter to a donor, for example; what information is needed about people to get more letters written and answered; and why would people want to give to the organization.
That sequence is the inverse of what it should be, she says.
"First, you have to know why people give, and have to do research around that," she says. "Two, you need to say, 'What do we need to do to cause people to want to give here?' And then, how are we going to do fundraising - write a letter, do a phone call, do a special event?"
A fundraiser cannot really know a prospective donor, Williams says, until the fundraiser has developed a relationship of trust and reciprocally-shared information with the individual, so the fundraiser and donor truly know one another.
"If you've not had a conversation that says, 'Tell me what you're most concerned about,'" she says, "you don't have a relationship, you should not be asking that person for a major gift."
Community and collaboration
A "new" city that was built in large part by big banks and powered in recent decades by an influx of new residents that fueled a local housing boom, Charlotte was hit hard by the economic and financial crisis.
The city also is fragmented geographically, demographically and by the "context within which you work," Williams says.
Yet many nonprofit fundraisers do not see or understand the schisms that define the city and lie at the root of many of its problems, she says.
It would be beneficial for development directors and executive directors to look more closely "at the underlying social dynamics of this city, to really understand how they can build a fundraising program that will contribute to the advancement of the greater society," she says.
The city's problems have hurt the local nonprofit sector, which also was damaged two-and-a-half years ago by public outrage over the high compensation paid to the now-ousted CEO of United Way of Central Carolinas.
To help the local nonprofit sector cope with the financial crisis and the erosion of trust triggered by the United Way scandal, a number of groups have stepped up to help build the capacity of the community's nonprofit sector.
Foundation for the Carolinas, for example, raised $3.5 million for a new Community Catalyst Fund that has distributed roughly $2 million in grants to spur efficiency, effectiveness and innovation at local nonprofits.
Michael Marsicano, the foundation's president and CEO, says the challenging times have provided an incentive to help local nonprofits better understand the growing expectation among donors for "return on investment" from their donations.
"We've known that donors want a return on investment," he says. "I don't think we knew what that meant was we had to collaborate with them from the outset."
Fundraising is "all about donor engagement," he says. "The fundraising approaches that are not the personal approach will be less and less effective."
A focus on collaboration with donors has driven a series of big initiatives such as the Community Catalyst Fund that the foundation has undertaken since the economy collapsed two-and-a-half years ago, Marsicano says.
Nonprofits, he says, increasingly are "trying to find the nexus between what we think should happen in the community and what donors strategically are prioritizing in the community, rather than what most fundraising operations do, which is to make the appeal for what they need in isolation from what the donor believes is needed."
Self-directed training
Another common ingredient in the emerging new culture of philanthropy in Charlotte is self-directed professional development that emphasizes self-help.
"We have boards of directors, we have current existing donors, we have community resources," says Hardison of Crisis Assistance Ministry. "And we have access to donated expertise."
Marsicano says professional development for fundraisers "doesn't have to be expensive or elaborate but a vehicle for getting into the mindset of donors."
Many donors, he says, are "willing to give time to talk through what their expectations are in giving, how they want to be approached, what they're looking for, and the initiatives they might be willing to support."
So nonprofits looking to boost their fundraising should consider inviting donors to have a conversation about their interests and their approach to giving, he says.
"It's not a skill set here," he says. "It's a mindset."
Philanthropy and community
Williams says many fundraisers, because they are "working off of all the techniques they have been taught but not going deep into a commitment to be really interested in people," seem to be "functioning at a level that's mechanical."
Many professional fundraisers, she says, "strive to be interesting rather than interested."
And she is concerned about the charitable marketplace in Charlotte.
Nonprofits are too dependent on corporate support, and weak on major-gift support and repeat gifts, while donors have a "very shallow understanding of accountability and measurable results," she says.
"They want it but don't understand what it is when they get it," she says.
"We are all crying and calling for outcomes but I doubt that we know what we're talking about."
Because Charlotte is a "new" city, she says, "it is imperative that we understand how much work it takes to be deliberate in our creating a sense of philanthropy and social change in order for it to lead to the creation of the community."
Nonprofits have a "huge responsibility going forward, not just in Charlotte but everywhere, to teach the kind of philanthropy that will sustain itself through the Baby Boom generation and ultimately transfer to the next generation," Williams says.
That begins with fundraising that is "based on an appreciation of what the donor wants to give to, not because I need the money," she says.
"And if the donor does not know anything about the problems of the community and they are making their first gift," she says, "then it is imperative that nonprofits help that donor understand the problems of the community, not just the one they deal with." Comment on this article- Professional Area: Careers/human resources | Management/leadership
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