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Annual Report 1999-2000
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation RegimeInstitutional and Technical Aspects
From the outset of the nuclear era, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons has been an objective of the highest priority. The almost universal adherence to the non-proliferation regime has been possible because of the realisation by the overwhelming majority of States that their security interests would not be furthered by the acquisition of nuclear weapons. Hence most States have joined the NPT as non-nuclear-weapon States, and have accepted comprehensive IAEA safeguards, currently being strengthened by the introduction of the Additional Protocol and related measures. While the political commitment against proliferation has been the decisive factor, curbing nuclear proliferation has also been helped by the relatively limited spread of proliferation-sensitive technologies (enrichment and reprocessing) and the limited availability in civil programs of weapons-grade nuclear materials.
In the early days of the development of nuclear technology, efforts were made to find an inherent technical barrier to proliferation, i.e. some way of spiking reactor fuel to render it incapable of being used to produce nuclear weapons material. However, no practicable solution was found, and attention turned to institutional barriers to proliferation. In considering whether technical barriers are now becoming practicable, or desirable, it is worthwhile to review the institutional context in which nuclear energy operates.
Institutional measures in support of Non-proliferation
Limiting the spread of sensitive technology The manufacture of nuclear weapons requires either:
- uranium at very high enrichment levels (while the high enriched uranium (HEU) category starts at 20% U-235, weapons-grade uranium comprises 93% or more U-235), produced in enrichment plants designed and operated for this purpose; or
- plutonium preferably with a very high proportion of Pu-239 (weapons-grade plutonium comprises less than 7% Pu-240), produced in reactors designed and operated to produce low burn-up plutonium, and separated from spent fuel or irradiation targets in reprocessing plants or plutonium extraction plants.
These materials are very different to those normally produced in civil programs: low enriched uranium (LEU) typically used in light water reactors (LWRs) is in the range of 3-5% U-235, and reactor-grade plutonium from the operation of LWRs is typically around 25% Pu-240. The history of nuclear weapons development shows that those States that have acquired nuclear weapons have established dedicated facilities for this purpose, rather than using civil power programsindeed, in some of these States nuclear power remains insignificant or non-existent. Nonetheless, because enrichment or reprocessing are indispensable for the production of weapons material, the earliest institutional barrier against proliferation was control over the supply of enrichment and reprocessing technologies, and this remains a key element in the non-proliferation regime. Most States with nuclear power programs have neither enrichment nor reprocessing facilities, instead contracting with others for these services.
Political and legal commitments As more and more States sought to share in the benefits of nuclear science and technology, the focus of non-proliferation efforts turned to establishing legally binding peaceful use commitments, with a verification mechanism in the form of safeguards inspections. Initially this was on a bilateral basis, but in the late 1950s and the 1960s this was multilateralised, culminating in the conclusion of the NPT in 1968, and the introduction of comprehensive (full scope) IAEA safeguards soon after.
The non-proliferation regime that has evolved, with the NPT as its centrepiece, is multi-layered, with several elements complementing and reinforcing each otherthus providing defence-in-depth. Of fundamental importance is the political commitment of almost every State against acquiring nuclear weapons. This political commitment is reinforced by treaty commitments, particularly membership of the NPT. The NPT is now almost universalthe only significant non-Parties being Israel, India and Pakistan (Cuba is also a non-Party, but all its existing nuclear activities are under safeguards). Political and legal commitments are further reinforced by confidence-building measures, the most important being IAEA safeguards, which provide assurance through verification. As has been discussed, restraint both in supply and in acquisition of sensitive technology continues to be an essential element in the regime.
Future institutional developments An important area of development is the promotion of transparency in nuclear programsthat the extent of national nuclear programs, and the policies behind them, should be clearly open and comprehensible to others. While the present focus is on transparency through IAEA safeguards, there are other transparency mechanisms, both existing and potential, directly between States, at the bilateral and the regional level.
Another area for further evolution is in relation to access to sensitive technology. Clearly it remains prudent to limit the States operating enrichment and reprocessing facilities. This is not to say that current non-proliferation and safeguards arrangements are inadequate, but rather, to recognise the benefits of mutually reinforcing mechanisms. Containing the spread of sensitive technologies may come under challenge, however, as nuclear power programs grow, and as more States aspire to technological independence and equality. For the limitation of sensitive technology to continue to be effective, it will be necessary to address the commercial terms on which enrichment and reprocessing services are made available, and especially to address the issue of security of supply.
In 1980 the IAEA-coordinated International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE) recommended that sensitive facilities be owned and operated on a multi-nation basis. In some ways the further privatisation of the nuclear industry and the process of globalisation are leading towards the INFCE model: the operation of sensitive facilities by the private sector rather than governmentsall the more so where this is by corporations crossing national boundariesclearly brings benefits in terms of transparency and confidence-building. In the future, the governments concerned may wish to consider establishing enrichment and reprocessing facilities, as well as plutonium storage and fuel fabrication facilities, on a regional basisservicing the needs of industries in the region, and operated by regional partnership involving governments and the private sector. This approach would limit the overall number of sensitive facilities, would maintain them under multilateral control, and would remove the economic motivation for establishing such facilities on a national basis.
Technical measures in support of Non-proliferation
The institutional elements of the non-proliferation regime have proven very effective. It is timely to consider whether these can be complemented through technical developments. Technical measures could add to the difficulty of diversion of nuclear material useable for weapons, and enhance the international communitys capability for timely detection of such diversion. While the choice of future nuclear power systems will depend on factors including economic competitiveness, energy security, safety standards, and waste disposal options, opportunities to address proliferation-related aspects should also be taken into account, preferably at an early stage in the decision-making process.
Developments prompting renewed consideration of these issues include:
- the fact that reprocessing is well established in a number of countries, and there are substantial quantities of separated plutonium in civil programs;
- the accumulation of separated plutonium has been exacerbated by the delay of commercialisation of fast breeder reactors (FBRs)this in turn has led to increasing utilisation of MOX (mixed uranium/plutonium oxide) fuel in thermal reactors;
- the end of the Cold War has brought about the need to dispose of ex-weapons plutonium and HEU;
- for the future, the prospect of the introduction of the plutonium breeding cycle.
Current research
Currently R&D in this area is proceeding in two broad directions:
- technical approaches predicated on the once-through cycle, to create a technical barrier to the recovery of plutonium, and minimise plutonium production, and to consume/degrade plutonium released from weapons programs;
- technical approaches predicated on plutonium recycle, under which recycle could proceed in non-proliferation-friendly ways, e.g. recovery and recycle of plutonium without separation.
Proliferation-resistant Fuels (PRFs) PRFs are an example of the first approach mentioned above. PRFs have been proposed in several countries, including France, Italy, Switzerland, Japan and the US, as a means of disposing of excess military and civil plutonium. PRFs would encapsulate plutonium and burnable poisons in a non-uranium matrix. PRFs are designed to behave like standard, low-enriched uranium fuel, able to be used in standard LWR fuel cycles without reactor modification. Because they do not contain uranium or thorium, PRFs do not produce plutonium or U-233. Consequently, PRFs can consume more plutonium than MOX over identical reactor cycles. The results of extensive theoretical studies are extremely promising. However, deployment of PRFs will require a significant fuel development and qualification program.
Radkowsky Thorium Fuel (RTF) concept This is another approach to a proliferation-resistant fuel. The RTF concept assumes a once-through fuel cycle with no reprocessing. The fuel comprises uranium enriched to a maximum of 20% and a thorium blanket, incorporated in a seed-blanket unit fuel assembly. Compared to an LWR, the partial replacement of uranium by thorium results in a major reduction in plutonium production. U-233 produced through irradiation of the thorium is mostly consumed in the reactor, and the residual U-233 in the spent fuel is denatured by non-fissile uranium isotopes.
Of more significance, given the likelihood of greater plutonium recycle in the future, are approaches which directly address plutonium recycle issues:
Co-processing of FBR material A simple approach to avoiding the separation of the high Pu-239 plutonium produced in FBR blankets is to avoid the separate reprocessing of blanket assemblies, instead reprocessing blanket and core assemblies together, or blending blanket material with LWR fuel in-process, so as to dilute the fissile content of the plutonium before it reaches the separated stage. This approach has been adopted by JNC (Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute) for its RETF facility.
DUPIC An interesting example of plutonium recycle without separation is the DUPIC process[10] being developed through collaboration between the ROK, Canada, and the US. By direct re-fabrication of spent PWR fuel into fresh CANDU reactor fuel, the DUPIC fuel cycle can reduce natural uranium requirements and spent fuel arisings. The basis of DUPIC is that the fissile content of spent PWR fuel (residual U-235 and produced plutonium) is well suited for use in heavy-water moderated CANDU reactors. No separation of plutonium is involved: dry thermal-mechanical processes are used to reduce spent PWR fuel to a fine powder, which is subject to high temperature to drive off volatile fission products (around 40% of total fission products), pressed into pellets, and fabricated into CANDU fuel bundles.
Pyro-electro-chemical reprocessing One possibility for simpler reprocessing is adoption of pyro-electro-chemical processes originally developed in the US and Russia. These processes can be applied for many different types of fuel. A key feature is that there is no separation of plutonium from uranium. A number of countries are pursuing research in this area.
Russian BREST Reactor Russian researchers are working on an innovative concept of a transmutational fuel cyclebased on a fast neutron lead-cooled reactor, BREST. The proposed reactor has a number of design features that make it proliferation-resistant. The reactor features full plutonium reproduction in the core-uranium blankets are not used to breed plutonium, thus precluding production of weapons-grade plutonium. With a small reactivity margin in the core, it is not feasible to load targets into the reactor for undeclared plutonium production.
The design eliminates the need for plutonium separation from spent fuel. Spent fuel reprocessing will be reduced to removing the bulk of fission products and actinides from the uranium/plutonium mix. To adjust fuel composition, further U-238 is added to compensate for fuel burn-up. A decision on the reprocessing method has yet to be taken, but it will probably be a pyro-electrolytic technique, as discussed above. A small proportion of fission products still remaining in the fuel after incomplete purification will create a radiation barrier facilitating physical protection of the fuel. Spent fuel can be cooled for 3 to 12 months in an in-vessel storage facility-reprocessing and fuel fabrication would take place at the power plant site, eliminating any physical protection issues associated with long-distance shipments of fuel.
The concept also offers major advantages for waste management: fission products and minor actinides would be recycled for transmutation, substantially reducing the period of high radiotoxicityit is envisaged that the resulting high level waste would decay to levels comparable with natural uranium within about 200 years. Russia hopes to build a 300 MWe prototype BREST reactor in 2002, for completion in 2007. Provided use of lead coolant proves viable, this concept appears very promising.
Super-PRISM Reactor While the BREST concept appears particularly attractive, there are other fast neutron reactor concepts which avoid plutonium separation. For example, in the US General Electric is developing a modular liquid sodium-cooled fast reactor called Super-PRISM. This concept uses a dry pyro-processing system that does not separate plutonium from minor actinides, thus enhancing the proliferation resistance of the S-PRISM fuel cycle. Due to the compact nature of the dry pyro-processing system, on site processing of the spent metal fuel is a design option. In this case, the fresh and spent fuel storage and receiving facilities would be replaced by a compact co-located Spent Fuel Recycle Facility that integrates spent fuel storage, processing and waste storage and conditioning operations into a single facility.
Developments in the nuclear industry and in nuclear technology should be considered in the context that the overwhelming majority of countries have given political and legal commitments against the acquisition of nuclear weapons. These commitments are reinforced by the institutional arrangements of the non-proliferation regime, especially by IAEA safeguards, and also by limits on the supply of sensitive technology. Institutional aspects of the non-proliferation regime continue to evolve, e.g. through strengthened safeguards and enhanced transparency. Further developments are likely to include closer regional links.
The non-proliferation regime can be further strengthened through technical barriers, such as proliferation-resistant features at relevant stages of the fuel cycle. This has not been a priority to date, because containing the spread of sensitive technology has been largely effective, and because there is very little weapons-grade material in civil nuclear programs. However, the increasing use of plutonium fuels, and particularly the development of the plutonium breeding cycle, is prompting renewed interest in technical approaches in support of non-proliferation objectives.
Introduction of the plutonium breeding cycle has been delayed by a number of factors, especially economics, brought about by the slowdown in the growth of nuclear energy and by depressed uranium prices. This delay provides an important opportunity for the international community to ensure that non-proliferation aspects are properly addressed at an early stage in the development of new fuel cycle concepts. While plutonium recycle could present a substantial challenge to non-proliferation objectives, some of the approaches outlined above show that, if developed in an appropriate way, plutonium recycle could actually bring major non-proliferation advantages.
This will continue to be a major area of interest to ASNO, ensuring that the Government is kept appraised of developments and that Australia is able to play a constructive role in support of non-proliferation objectives.
[10]. DUPIC stands for Direct Use of spent PWR fuel in CANDU reactors.
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Woodbine students could head to Middle for high school
Written by Alex Davis Friday, February 22, 2013 01:35 pm
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WOODBINE ŌĆō Some Woodbine students could attend Middle Township High School starting in September, a move that would save the Woodbine Elementary School thousands of dollars per student.
The Middle Township Board of Education approved the idea Feb. 21. It still needs the OK from the state Department of Education.
Woodbine students go to high school in Millville, making it difficult for them to take part in extracurricular activities, said Woodbine Elementary School Superintendent Lynda Anderson-Towns. Some parents also want a closer school for their children, she told the Middle Township School Board Thursday night.
ŌĆ£And we really think the timing is right,ŌĆØ said Anderson-Towns, who had worked for Middle Township School District for 14 years.
Woodbine pays about $13,000 for each Woodbine student enrolled at Millville; Middle would come in around $10,000. Transportation costs are also a factor, Anderson-Towns said.
Current Woodbine eighth-graders would attend Middle next school year, while students in ninth through 11th would continue to go to Millville so their academics would not be disrupted, she said.
The move would also benefit Middle Township High School, which has seen declining enrollment, said Middle Township School District Superintendent Michael J. Kopakowski. Having Woodbine students come to Middle would bring more money to the schoolŌĆÖs coffers, he said. He said the high school has enough resources to handle more students.
ŌĆ£WeŌĆÖve been very fortunate in the Woodbine School District. WeŌĆÖve worked very hard,ŌĆØ Lynda Anderson-Towns said. ŌĆ£WeŌĆÖve definitely been very creative with our finances.ŌĆØ
She said that about 84 percent of Woodbine students receive a free or reduce cost lunch.
ŌĆ£As a school district of course you can tell with that type of population our finances are quite challenged,ŌĆØ Anderson-Towns said.
One way to deal with the money woes: Sending students to Middle instead of Millville.
The eighth grade class has about 20 students and four of them applied to attend Cape May Technical High School. The rest would be enrolled at Middle Township High School.
ŌĆ£ŌĆ" I kept feeling as though the students were closer to Middle and they are Cape May County students,ŌĆØ she said. ŌĆ£ThatŌĆÖs really what drove everything because theyŌĆÖre in our county.ŌĆØ
In the past five years, she said, eighth-graders have scored the same as or better than MiddleŌĆÖs on state testing.
ŌĆ£We have really worked hard to pull up the academic program there,ŌĆØ Anderson-Towns said.
Woodbine Elementary School hosts children from pre-kindergarten to eighth grade, and it is a choice school, meaning students from outside the district can attend without being an expense to parents.
Others at the Feb. 21 Board of Education meeting also backed sending Woodbine students to Middle.
Middle Township Education Association President Charlotte Sadler touted WoodbineŌĆÖs school, including its curriculum.
Woodbine Vice Principal Anthony DeVico said sending kids to Middle from Woodbine makes sense involving transportation.
ŌĆ£A lot of our kids are related to families in Middle Township,ŌĆØ he said. ŌĆ£So there are lots of connections here.ŌĆØ
Rosie Jefferson of Middle Township said that Woodbine students would be good to have in Middle.
ŌĆ£All we want you to do is please give our students a chance and an opportunity to excel in your school district,ŌĆØ said parent Sam Caraballo from Woodbine. ŌĆ£YouŌĆÖre one of the finest school districts I know, and IŌĆÖm not just saying that; I didnŌĆÖt go here. But I know how this school district runs. And IŌĆÖm an advocate for Middle Township High School.ŌĆØ
MiddleŌĆÖs Board of Education met in a closed-door meeting to talk about the agreement; the Open Public Meetings Act allows private discussion involving with tuition and sending and receiving contracts.
Middle also has sending-receiving relationships with Dennis Township, Stone Harbor and Avalon.

subset: commoncrawl


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January 23, 2014 - Marshall Coyle
A shopper journeying through the internet will reveal countless websites claiming that they will share the revealed truth about the comfort, quality , and value of brand name mattresses. Google finds about 634,000 websites if you type in "Mattress Reviews". Most of them appearing in the top listings seem to be owned by retailers or manufacturers seeking to drive business their way.
The only truth is that virtually everyone who publicly judges mattresses on the web has some kind of agenda that pre-determines the outcome. Claims of comfort or durability are always subjective and since they are unprovable can not be called true. Claims of value can only be slightly more objective, and then, only if they could compare two identical mattresses offered at different prices. Consumer Reports, the only consumer oriented and supported magazine, has made legitimate efforts from time to time. The quality of their advice varies, but you often can get very good guidance. Where they, in my opinion, are completely wrong is in their advice to always haggle. This is rarely possible or necessary when buying from internet merchants. I have tried to comprehend why they do so and have come to a conclusion that it is geography. They are physically located just north of NYC and tend to buy all of their test products locally from stores. The NYC area is inundated with Sleepys sleep shops. They are the poster child for stores that put extreme markups on their price tags and give almost every shopper " a deal for them". After the deal, the price may be twice as high as some of their competitors, but by having exclusive names and labels, comparison shopping is well nigh impossible. Consumer Reports members rate Sleepys at or near the bottom in all categories except delivery. Despite the difficulty in identifying similar products, Consumers as of late has been getting results that mostly meet with my experienced boots-on-the-ground opinions. Reading their reports carefully can save you money and aggravation.
Where you buy your mattress is as or more important than what you buy. It is so difficult to know what you are getting into even with brief trials in a store. If you need a replacement, you don't want to be ripped off and abused, you want a comfortable mattress at an affordable price. Factory direct stores tend to be the best for value and service and large chain sleezy sleep shops the worst. Ikea, Sams, Costco, and other big box stores can often have bargains, but sometimes with questionable after delivery service. Department stores are in the middle. Internet mattress sellers are all over the place ranging from ultimate integrity for one 157 year old NYC factory direct with a mattress that CR highly recommends,Charles P. Rogers, to fly by nights that bring in a container of Chinese foam mattresses and then disappear.
Most Americans sleep on three basic types of mattresses; innerspring , and synthetic foam, and pneumatic, or some combination of all or any of them. 90% of North Americans still sleep on innerspring mattresses and usually pay much less than for "magic" alternate sleep. ( I will explain "magic further down in this essay}. Various synthetic or latex foams without innersprings are a distant second but gaining, and air mattresses are insignificant but do have one strong maker that CR recommends, Sleep Number. For many years the air bladder mattresses were not much more than thick campers blow-ups. However Sleep Number figured out how to use very small air bladders with thick foams padding and a small percentage of buyers swear by them instead of, as they once did, at them. Adjustable beds are appealing to a lot of aging boomers. Chinese imports have forced prices down and competition is keeping them down for careful shoppers. A few major mattress makers buy adjustable metal foundations wholesale from Leggett and Platt and package them with their mattresses. Cost is much higher than a plain lay-flat foundation, but if you can sleep on your back, you may like the versatility for reading and watching TV. You aging boomers have to be careful about your sleeping position. Sleep Apnea, although not contagious, can be very serious and if you have it, your doctor may prescribe side sleeping and often wearing a pressure mask to keep breathing regular.
There have always been a small minority of counter-culture shoppers who choose alternate sleep-systems such as air, or water. They tend to be first-time buyers out to prove that their mother's judgement is faulty. Many of the same people own gadgets that make their cars run further on a gallon of gas. Synthetic foams such as Tempur-Pedic have won over a large and increasing market share thanks to brilliant merchandising. They have done well enough to have the cash and credit to take over Sealy and Stearns & Foster in 2013. These smart promotors have been fighting shrinking sales, and acquiring a competitor short-term is good for your stock. Problem for them is that apparently, despite their advertising otherwise, not enough owners would recommend their product or buy it again. You can sleep on it and it is durable. However it is much warmer to sleep on than an innerspring and when first delivered many new owners are very unhappy with chemical odor. The purchase is often regretted but the process of changing seems to be worse than just getting use to it. They once had just one model maybe twenty years ago, but they have continuously expanded to newer, thicker, and more costly models. When they get thick, you sleep in it and not on it. This is a reason, in my opinion, of the heat causing sales slump. Now that they are combined with a major innerspring maker, we should start to see their name on innerspring mattresses and lots of Sealy full of foam from their parent.
Serta has been marketing the Perfect Day, a gel-infused foam that has been winning praise including from Consumer Reports. The gel allegedly helps dissipate body heat and it is highly likely that it does do some good. Juries are still out. Many, many other brands now use similar gel-infused foam and, like everything else, comes in range of quality. Current tests that the St.Regis 1000 pocket coil innerspring from Charles P. Rogers, a recommended choice, is as cool as you can get and cooler than most. This is because of controlled airflow starting with the cover. Leggett and Platt, the firm that makes most of the components for most American manufacturers paid for a university laboratory to run tests on various mattress to determine heat retention. The findings were that mattresses with an innerspring core are 28% cooler than solid foams.
Hotel mattresses deserve special mention. A few that are made with time-honored pre-war designs but making use of modern materials are extremely good. However, fat and soft disposable mattresses sold by major hotel chains are fun for a few months and then, absence of both durability and usable warranties, makes for a "never-again" scenario. This is a real buyer beware from me. Department stores and especially Sleep Shop chain stores that peddle super fat medium price mattresses with hotel labels glued on just reflect the fact that they are chasing short term profits, not of satisfied customers. Even if Simmons, Serta, or Sealy, has made the mattress to meet the store's prices, it is made of poorer ingredients which have short lives. I doubt, if if anyone has ever bought a second luxury chain mattress. The hotels that use them expect to recycle every two or three years, you don't. I am sorry to sound all doom and gloom, but if you have the patience to read through this article, you will learn that you can find high quality mattress at affordable prices. The power of knowledge can free you up from "let the buyer beware"
Coiled wire innerspring units are the heart and core of most the mattresses sold in the United States. 93% of all innerspring mattresses have springs supplied by the Leggett and Platt company. There are a few smaller spring makers and even smaller importers. Leggett and Platt are a very successful component manufacturer of the springs, foams and textiles used by the furniture and automotive industry. Over many decades they have bought and absorbed most of their competition. This is the major reasons why most brand name mattresses have virtually identical specifications insides and outside. Machinery to manufacture quality bonnell and pocketed wire coils is very expensive and requires highly skilled labor.
A handful of long-established European mattress makers such as Hastens, Duxiana, VI-Spring, Carpe Diem, and Americans Charles P. Rogers established 1855, in the East,, and McCroskey Mattress in the West, established 1899, still prefer make their own wire coils and maintain control over quality and innovation. Charles P. Rogers, using recently developed computer guided machinery in their New Jersey workrooms has been able to get very close the holy grail, a mattress that feels luxurious but still provides healthful support and according to Consumers testing, shows no wear in eight simulated years of machine torture. These two characteristics used to be mutually exclusive and have eluded the industry since its beginning. McCroskey with over a century of experience, has refined the original wire tied coil on their trusty old machines to as good as the design can get. Not flexible like the Rogers "PowerCore" but so much better than anything you may likely find in a name brand mattress at any price. The European luxury imports rely on exotic materials such as hair from butchered horses, more than innovative innersprings, with one outstanding exception. Scandinavian maker, Duxiana makes a very good sleep set that relies more on higher and more flexible coils than American name brands. Their beds tend to be very comfortable on the soft side with average durability.
The construction of the innerspring unit, the thickness and metallurgy of the coil wire, the manner of tempering the wire, the number and height of the coils, the method of fastening them to each other, and the support built into the edges, can be tailored to provide a far wider range of comforts to mattresses when you make your own. Each mattress maker whether buy assembled components from L&P or they assembles from scratch all seek to make a desired "feel" and comfort life. The feel can be manipulated for a desired firmness with little or no cost difference but with major quality differences. The number of years, or sometimes months, that a mattress will provide comfort and support can not be faked using inexpensive materials.
Ultimately, the highest quality mattresses will have more coils with more wire in each coil than a pretend-good mattress. These long-life electrically tempered and indurated coils will be wrapped in soft textile pockets and fastened each to the other in a flexible mat that makes the core of the mattress. This mode of construction permits the mattress to have varying firmnesses in zones that can provide ideal support for any body. Opinions vary but the consensus believes that proper healthful support requires springs that are soft enough to yield under pressure points and firm enough to support the weight of the occupants without sagging in the middle. The "PowerCore" mentioned above is the pinnacle of this design. The average Charles P Rogers queen mattress weighs around 120 pounds. The average top Sealy or Simmons is in the mid nineties. The difference is simply more steel and denser, more durable padding. When you buy a $1200 mattress direct from a mattress maker with no middlemen, you are getting $1200 dollars worth of mattress. When you buy the same price mattress at a retailer, you are buying a mattress that the store might have bought from the maker for $600, and sometimes less. That is why the factory direct is so much more mattress for the money.
The exterior of the mattress is made of woven or knitted fibers that form a sack to contain the springs, filling and insulation. Most one-sided mattresses use cheap non-woven material which may wear out for the underside prematurely. Charles P. Rogers is the only exception I am aware of with woven or knitted material on all sides. Some knitted covers offer more flexibility than woven covers and can feel demonstrably superior on mattresses with soft surfaces. All woven or knitted covers permit free passage to air helping keep the interior of the mattress dry. Many mattresses have pillow tops which add a layer of soft padding. This padding can be any of many kinds of foams and/or fibers. Some mattresses have metal or plastic air vents on the sides to further enhance ventilation and lower the temperature of the sleep surface. These vents are mostly eye candy serving as selling points with little or no basis in fact.
Between the sleeper and the steel springs are multiple layers of textile, foams and fibers, each with a purpose. Directly under the mattress cover material is a layer of textile that may or may not have chemical treatment and will stop an open flame from causing the mattress to break into flame as certified by the US CPSC. Some better mattresses use special flame retardant textiles treated only with natural boric acid that is considered perfectly safe.
Between the top of the springs and the flame retardant is a layer or layers of resilient padding known as the upholstery, and one layer of an insulating barrier to keep the padding and the springs separate. The padding can be virtually anything that will provide the cushioning and durability that the mattress designer is trying to achieve. The goal is to make a mattress that will provide years of healthful comfort with only insignificant permanent compression of the upholstery materials. High quality foams both synthetic and natural can often meet these needs better than traditional vegetable fibers. The perforated and gel infused foams can also permit more airflow to enhance the desired coolness of the sleep experience.
Many mattresses at all price ranges are padded with cotton fibers that have been compressed and felted. Historically, long before innersprings were invented there were two choices for an affluent mattress shopper. Cotton felt or animal hair. Hog and cattle hair being short was usually glued or sewn together into pads that were firm but relatively short lived. Horse mane and tail hair, a byproduct of the South American and Asian meat industry, were then and still are used in top end hand, faux-antique,luxury European mattresses. See above.
You don't have to kill a horse to harvest the hair, but in reality, virtually all upholstery quality horse hair comes from Mongolian and Argentinian horses that were slaughtered for their meat and hair. When you pay thousands or tens of thousands for an ultra-luxury English or European mattress it has the hair of many dead horses as a main ingredient. Whether the horse is slaughtered on an Argentine estancia or the steppes of Mongolia, the hair destined for Europe makes its way to Switzerland where the animal waste is removed, especially from the tail, and the hair is steamed and hand braided which makes it springy and curly with little or no odor. There is no such commerce in the United States but it is legal to use imported horsehair in upholstery and mattresses if it has been sterilized and some makers still do.
Europeans who desire green products often choose to use a foam from natural latex from the sap of the rubber tree to cushion their mattresses. Some progressive old line American manufacturers now feature natural latex products. There are several ways to convert liquid tree sap to a durable clean spongy material and each has its backers, but it is difficult to get poor quality latex. Gel Latex and Gel Synthetic foams have recently made it into many mattresses. Some of it is actually cooler than ordinary foams, especially when it is blended in and not in pellet form The gel does not make the foam more resilient, but it can make it you more comfortable if you fault ordinary mattresses for holding heat.
I will be happy to answer your comments or provide personal answers or clarification to personal email sent to email@example.com
Please comment on sofa bed comfort and mattresses replacements.
Mary Ann


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OMEA Honors Capital University's Jim Swearingen for Distinguished Service
23rd annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Day of Learning January 20
Nursing Students Take Top Honors at Statewide Competition
see more news & events
Students interested in teaching keyboard instruments to individuals or groups enroll in Capital's keyboard pedagogy program. The program, which leads to a bachelor of music degree, assists students in achieving technical excellence while developing their own styles of musical expression. While at Capital students experience supervised teaching opportunities, participate in chamber music ensembles and may study jazz and contemporary piano. Within the keyboard pedagogy program students may choose one of three areas of emphasis: Piano teaching, organ teaching or church music.
In the piano sequence, students take a series of pedagogy classes as well as special classes in music literature and business practices. They also observe and participate in both private and classroom instruction. This program gives students valuable insight into developing a private studio as a career opportunity, and also allows them to utilize their accompanying and conducting skills. In this program, organ usually is studied as a second instrument, with study of the harpsichord, synthesizer and voice also available.
In the organ sequence, courses include organ pedagogy, supervised student teaching experiences, transcription of organ and piano accompaniments, conducting from the console and anthem accompaniment.
The emphasis in church music provides experiences in organ pedagogy, accompanying and conducting from the console, plus an additional concentration in choral methods and materials. Download a sample 4-year course plan for the church music emphasis (PDF).Take a closer look at Capital's Keyboard Department.


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The all new large page, 4-color glossy, Long Island Shopping, Dining & Home magazine, mailed directly to your home is loaded with great values and information from your favorite local merchants.You'll find exciting contests and amazing values from a large assortment of local and national merchants!
Of course you can also shop anytime, online, by flipping through our publication in easy to read neighborhood zones online, just pick your zone and press the arrows to turn the pages, use the information or coupons, and enjoy a great shopping experience!
Choose towns below to browse the magazines ➘ |


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NextCar offers Minivan car rentals to help you comfortably move a lot of people. Our minivans can seat seven people making it perfect for family vacations, group outings and long road trips. NextCar vans provide quality, passenger comfort, storage space and safety. With the latest minivans on the market, car makers have given this old family standby more style and eye-catching corners than ever before.
Vans offered by NextCar range in mileage from 16 city to 23 highway. Standard features include automatic transmission, air conditioning, single disc CD player with AM/FM radio, cruise control, tilt steering wheel and power windows and locks.
The Dodge Grand Caravan set the standard for minivans years ago, and the latest generation version featured by NextCar is the best Grand Caravan yet. The Grand Caravan has a comfortable, roomy interior with plenty of room to carry seven full size adult passengers. Stow and Go fold flat seating are just one of many innovations that help make the Grand Caravan one of the most versatile vehicles in our fleet. It has an excellent safety rating making it an exceptional choice for family outings or business meetings. Handling and power both exceed expectations from the traditional minivan of days past. Gas mileage for the Grand Caravan is an EPA estimated 17 city/ 25 highway. |
The Kia Sedona is a comfortable minivan offering plenty of leg room in all three rows of seating. The Sedona's 60/40 split third row seat gives added cargo space for sports gear or "do-it-yourself" projects. Its roomy interior, quiet ride and high safety ratings make this an excellent choice for families or empty nesters traveling around town or long distances. Gas mileage is an EPA estimated 16 city/ 23 highway. |


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If you've ever taken a fall or twisted an ankle, chances are you've experienced a sprain or a strain. Sprains and strains are common injuries, and though these terms are often used interchangeably, their causes are different.
A strain is an injury that involves stretching, tearing or twisting of a muscle or tendon. A tendon attaches a muscle to a bone, and strains commonly occur at the seam of this attachment. A strain generally occurs when a muscle suddenly contracts after being stretched out, such as with running or jumping. This scenario is often seen in runners who strain their hamstrings. This type of injury will often occur in the middle of an athletic event, when the athlete is at full speed. Strains can be qualified as either acute, resulting from a sudden injury, or chronic, which result from repetitive or excessive use and build up over time. Symptoms of a strain include pain, weakness and loss of function.
The word "sprain" comes from the French "espraindre," meaning "to press out." A sprain is an injury that affects the ligaments, which are thick bands of cartilage connecting bone to bone. A sprain occurs when a ligament has been excessively stretched or torn. A sudden, excessive and compressive force, such as a fall, generally is behind a sprain. Sprains commonly occur in the ankle as a result of sudden sideways or twisting motion of the foot. The most frequently sprained ligament in the ankle is the anterior talo-fibula ligament, which attaches the ankle bone (talus) to the outer portion of the lower leg (fibula). Sprains are classified according to severity and can range from mild stretching and tenderness to severe tearing and pain. If a ligament or muscle is injured sufficiently, instability of the entire joint can ensue, as the joint becomes displaced from its normal alignment. Symptoms of a sprain include swelling, discoloration and loss of range of motion.
Certain areas of the body are more vulnerable than others to strains and sprains. However, no area of the body is invincible. Neck and back strains are common findings not only in athletes but also in individuals who impose excessive demands on their spine as a result of inappropriate posture or poor ergonomics in the workplace. Shoulders and knees are frequently sprained not only when participating in competitive sports but also when performing everyday activities such as gardening, stepping out of your truck or even walking the dog.
Treatment of sprains and strains is generally separated into immediate care and long-term rehabilitation. Of course, the key to complete recovery is early intervention and thorough evaluation. If you feel you have a strain or a sprain, remember this mnemonic: DR ICE.
Diagnosis: Though with most strains and sprains we have an innate sense of what has occurred, it is prudent to see your health care professional to rule out any aggressive condition such as fracture or avulsion.
Rest: This is essential not only for recovery but also to arrest the progression of injury.
Ice: This treatment is effective in reducing swelling and alleviating pain. Though commonly used for acute injuries, ice packs and wraps are also effective in treating chronic conditions, such as overuse injuries. Remember to ice the area after activity, not before. This keeps inflammation in abeyance. It should be mentioned that heat is also an effective modality. However, it should be used with chronic conditions to help stimulate blood flow and relax tissue. Check with your doctor as to duration and intensity.
Compression: This refers to taping or wrapping the injured or weakened area. Compression wraps such as an elastic or ACE bandage can help decrease swelling, which will enable you to heal more quickly. This will also immobilize the injured area and serve as protection against further injury. It should be noted that prolonged immobilization can potentially result in atrophy of the muscle, so avoid bracing for prolonged periods of time.
Elevation: It is important to elevate the injured area above the level of the heart. This ensures that fluids will not collect throughout the injured area and intensify swelling.
Determining the severity of a sprain or strain, and differentiating these from more severe conditions, can be challenging, so occasionally imaging such as MRIs or X-rays may be indicated. Inability to bear weight or associated numbness or tingling should raise concerns.
If you believe you have experienced a strain or sprain of any kind, remember DR ICE. Understand the cause of your symptoms and what they mean for you, and enjoy a pain-free summer.
Patricia Holl graduated with a doctor of chiropractic degree from Los Angeles College of Chiropractic and is part of the staff at Yellowstone Naturopathic Clinic. She can be reached at 259-5096. Send naturopathic health questions to email@example.com.


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The Holy Spirit in the Old Testament
In the church today, we are seeing a renewed emphasis on the person and work of the Holy Spirit. Unfortunately, much of this emphasis is not on His work in creation and redemption to bring order out of chaos. Wherever ...Read More
The Burnt Offering
Knowing that God is so holy that He must execute His wrath encourages us to see that no wrong will escape His judgment. Knowing that God is so merciful that He allows a substitute to bear His wrath in our ...Read More
The Curse of God
God's blessing of eternal, resurrected life depends on perfect obedience (Gal. 3:10–14). We trust in Christ and His obedience to receive this blessing, for we fall short of the glory of God. While the Lord blesses us in this life ...Read More
What About Hebrews 6?
Hebrews 10:26 says that a person who sins willfully cannot be brought back to salvation. Read Numbers 15:30–31. Hebrews must be read in light of the law. The willful sin here is a denial of the faith, a presumptive trampling ...Read More
Responding to God's Call
Think about it … what will be the tab of spiritual losses if you do not respond to God's call?Read More
Dealing with Anger
Today we can apply the practical suggestions Dr. R.C. Sproul gives in this final lecture on anger by asking ourselves several questions. What tends to make me mad and why? What behavioral characteristics annoy me, and what are the ...Read More
The Role of Fasting
Fasting places no obligation upon the sovereign God to respond in a way we have asked. Yet He does take special delight in us when we show our helplessness in fasting, and He will respond by giving us a greater ...Read More
Be Angry, Do Not Sin
We can too easily fall back under the sway of sin, which makes our hearts "deceitful beyond all things" (Jer. 17:9). We can trick ourselves into thinking our anger is godly when it is not pleasing to the Lord. Being ...Read More
How Godly Women Dress
Secular therapists often try to boost self-esteem by telling us not to care what other people think. While there is no doubt some truth in this principle, Scripture would never have us be wholly unconcerned with how others view us. ...Read More
The Golden Chain
That God decided to save His people gives us confidence that "neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor powers, nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be ...Read More
Daily readings to encourage your heart and mind in the pursuit of God and his glory.Topics
- All
- Angels and Demons
- Atonement
- Basic Reformed Theology
- Irresistible Grace
- Limited Atonement
- Perseverance of the Saints
- Total Depravity
- Unconditional Election
- The Church
- Church Discipline
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- Creeds and Confessions
- God
- Holiness
- Sovereignty
- Heaven and Hell
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- Suffering
- Thankfulness
- Vocation
- Ancient Church
- Biography
- Reformation


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Tomorrow In Fredericton – The Leonard Cohen World Tour
Leonard Cohen inaugurates his 2008 World Tour tomorrow (11 May 2008) at the Playhouse in Fredericton, NB, a venue which, according to Wikipedia, has a capacity of 709 (469 orchestra seats and 240 balcony seats).
The city of Fredericton, also according to Wikipedia, is located in eastern Canada (see map below) and, in 2005, had a population of 50,535.
The Question: Why?
In Is It The Leonard Cohen 2008 Tour Or Is It A DrHGuy Parody?, I implied that it was difficult to distinguish between the first stops on the Cohen Tour (which, at that time, included Glace Bay, Halifax, Charlottetown, Moncton and St. John's) and a parody of that concert schedule.
Indeed, why would the first concerts take place in a relatively isolated geographic area and in much smaller venues than those scheduled during the rest of the Tour (e.g., Toronto, Dublin, Manchester, Montreal, Oslo, Amsterdam, Rome)?
[Note: Perhaps everyone except me knows the answer to this question, but if so, I can't find an explicit reference to the point. So, for now and until someone points out the documented explanation to me, I'm going to proceed as though it is a mystery.]
Possible Reasons Why Leonard Cohen's Tour Begins In Fredericton
- Leonard Cohen lost a bet.
- The tour really is a DrHGuy parody that got way out of hand.
- Cohen's booking agent is from Fredericton and he wanted to show up the girl who wouldn't go to prom with him.
- Leonard Cohen's singing is actually a means of passing coded messages for the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. (That his singing turns a profit was a happy bonus for the Service) Holding concerts in these locations limits the number of outside infiltrators.
- Cohen scheduled Fredericton and similar tour stops just to mess with DrHGuy's head.
- "Fredericton" means "Chicago" in Canadian.
- According to rumor, at closing time in Fredericton, the women tear their blouses off & and the men they dance on the polka-dots.
DrHGuy's Best Guess Why The Leonard Cohen Tour Opens In Fredericton
First, it appears significant that the small venues are at the first of the Tour. One also notes that extensive rehearsals by Cohen and his band have been reported.
Given that Cohen is working on a new album with a significant portion of the concert playlist coming from that collection of new work and that at least two of the backup singers (The Webb Sisters) haven't worked with Cohen before, my bet is that the Cohen Tour opens in Eastern Canada for the same reason a musical comedy opens off-Broadway or in the Poconos – to work out the kinks and polish the performance before moving it to Broadway – or to bigger stadiums.
Fredericton is Leonard Cohen's off-Broadway.
Unless it's not.


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From the FarmWinter games down on the farmNovember 19, 2010 - By Kerry HoffmanRumor has it, as a joke between dairy farmers and urbanites, long-cold winters bring a time for dairy farmers to do nothing. Personally, I like to sit around and eat delicate bon-bons.... No comments posted for this article.
Post a Comment |
News, Blogs & Events Web |


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i think the biggest issue people have is thinking that we are higher up the evolutionary scale then from what we actually are.
this is proof that we aren't as far away from primates as are pride and egos lead us to believe.
"me no have, me want, man stop me, me want, me get...."


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Download SliceTheWeb 1.6.42
Click to download: http://www.slicetheweb.com/exe/stwsetup.exe
To organize and keep in order all the web pages you`ve downloaded, we recommend you use SliceTheWeb - the brand new way to save only that data that you wish to be saved. This innovative software solution lets you arrange and store both whole web pages and their fragments in a very Womfortable way. All pages, notes and other data are always at hand and strictly organized giving you quick access to all your information.


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Canex, a leading worldwide company specialized in Beauty and Natural products since more than 15 years. Canex's products line includes beauty products, as well as Natural and health products, and features many well-recognized brand names.
Our mission is to achieve enjoyable, prosper and healthy beautiful life to people throughout the world by providing the best beauty solutions, nutrition and weight management products in today's global markets. We always ensure to introduce new products in the market to enrich the diversity of our inventory. We are committed to always carefully and meticulously select the most fresh, efficient and pure rare herbs and other ingredients to optimize the effect of our products to meet our valuable customers' expectations. All our products follow strict internationally-approved quality control policies such as GMP in order to achieve the highest quality natural healthcare products.
We are in continuous search for the latest bio-technological and beauty trends to improve our products in order to always deliver the highest quality products up to the latest international standards and using the state of the art manufacturing solutions.


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EBACE2011: Exhibitor Directory
Elbit Systems of America - Commercial Aviation Kollsman
220 Daniel Webster Hwy Merrimack, NH 03054-4898 Tel: (603) 889-2500 Fax: (603) 886-2007 Web: www.elbitsystemsofamerica.com | Stand: 430 |
For more than 80 years, the aviation world has relied on Kollman avionics products. Today Kollsman offers a wide range of technologies, products and services for commercial, business, and military aircraft. Our current products include a full line of cockpit instruments and test equipment including EFVS, HUD, and EVS systems. | |
Buyer's Guide: Categories |
Updated: 3/10/2011
« Exhibitor Directory | Buyer's Guide » |


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Scooter adorned with WoW art
Jim is, we're told, also a member of the Beverly Scooter Club, and if you happen to be in the area of Bridlington (near Yorkshire, England), you can even come see the bike, as he'll be showing it off at the Bridlington National Scooter Rally on October 24 through 26th. With their kind permission, we've put pictures of the scooter in the gallery below. Very nice work.
Filed under: Fan stuff, Virtual selves, Odds and ends, Galleries, Fan art, Hardware


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Results 2004
Here are the 2004 election results for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. This was held on 10th June 2004. For more information please scroll down to download our quick guide to the election results at the bottom of this page, or the technical spreadsheets contain more detail of the votes cast in this election.
Mayor of London
Labour Party
London Assembly Constituency Members
Use your mouse to hover over the above map to find out who was elected as your London Assembly Constituency Member in 2004.
Barnet & Camden: Brian Coleman, Conservative Party
Bexley & Bromley: Robert Neill, Conservative Party
Brent & Harrow: Robert Blackman, Conservative Party
City & East: John Biggs, Labour Party
Croydon & Sutton: Andrew Pelling, Conservative Party
Ealing & Hillingdon: Richard Barnes, Conservative Party
Enfield & Haringey: Joanne McCartney, Labour Party
Greenwich & Lewisham: Leonard Duvall, Labour Party
Havering & Redbridge: Roger Evans, Conservative Party
Lambeth & Southwark: Valerie Shawcross, Labour Party
Merton & Wandsworth: Elizabeth Howlett, Conservative Party
North East: Jennette Arnold, Labour Party
South West: Tony Arbour, Conservative Party
West Central: Angela Bray, Conservative Party
London wide members
- Lynne Featherstone Liberal Democrats
- Jenny Jones Green Party
- Graham Tope Liberal Democrats
- Nicholas Hockney UK Independence Party
- Sally Hamwee Liberal Democrats
- Darren Johnson Green Party
- Michael Tuffrey Liberal Democrats
- Peter Cross UK Independence Party
- Nicky Gavron Labour Party
- Murad Qureshi Labour Party
- Dee Doocey Liberal Democrats


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Most Popular Articles
Products & Newsletters
NPR Seeks Input from Member Stations on Loudness
WASHINGTON DC--The Public Radio Satellite System, provider of satellite distribution for a variety of programming from NPR and other syndicators, is asking for input from users on audio level standards.
In a memo to stations, PRSS had this to say: "The national and international audio and broadcast industry has heightened awareness about loudness levels in audio and the need to achieve consistency between programs. The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) has developed a loudness standard for television in order to comply with the Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation (CALM) Act. The CALM Act regulates the audio of TV commercials. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and Audio Engineering Society (AES) also have loudness recommendations for all broadcasters. In meeting these standards, there's also a movement away from using peak program meters to measure audio levels and a trend toward using instruments and processes that measure audio loudness."
Stations were given a survey link to provide input. The results from the survey will be used to better understand the issues surrounding loudness on the PRSS and develop recommendations for best practices in achieving audio level consistency.
Acceptable Use Policy blog comments powered by Disqus
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
Today in Radio History
Milestones From Radio's Past
The history of radio broadcasting extends beyond the work of a few famous inventors.
Digital Edition
Each Issue as a Digital Edition
Read each issue online in our Digital Edition Format in your Web browser.
EAS Information More on EAS
NWS XML/Atom Feed for CAP Messages
The feed provides feeds for all US states and territories.
Wallpaper Calendar
Radio 2014 Calendar Wallpaper
Need a calendar for your computer desktop? Use one of ours.
The Wire
A virtual press conference
Information from manufacturers and associations about industry news, products, technology and business announcements.


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Strangers and Beggars
by James Van PeltOrder now from Fairwood Press or your favorite bookstore!
(click on the Catalog link at the Fairwood Press web site)Available through Amazon.com
Also available in a Permabound edition, catalog # 288340
An American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults
Strangers and Beggars gathers together for the first time seventeen stories, including one previously unpublished, by new talent, James Van Pelt, showcasing his explorations in science fiction, fantasy and horror.
Strangers and Beggars is one of twenty finalists for the Colorado Blue Spruce Young Adult Book Award. The list includes J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Ender's Shadow by Orson Scott Card, and Eoin Colfer's Artemis Fowl. See the complete list.
The American Library Association has picked Strangers and Beggars as one of the Best Books for Young Adults for 2003. See the entire list. (1/30/03)
"James Van Pelt is a Grand Junction schoolteacher quietly building a career as one of the top writers of short science fiction."
-The Denver Post"James Van Pelt's short story collection may have Beggars in the title, but it's actually full of riches--a treasure trove of stories on everything from baseball to sorrow to the surveillance culture. And above all Van Pelt's insightful and unique perspective on everything from highway congestion to compulsion to school administrators. A varied and absorbing collection by a versatile and talented author."
-Connie Willis, multiple Hugo and Nebula award-winning author of Passage."A collection of short fiction is a writer's bravest act. Boring passages in a novel can be redeemed, but a dull story remains irreparably dead. Fortunately, Van Pelt's work is consistent, strong, and occasionally crackling. Like many of his protagonists, he's answered a difficult challenge well."
-Tangent Online see the entire review"James Van Pelt has a gift for opening strange new windows on familiar events, revealing the world from a perspective you never knew existed. Read these stories and feel your mind stretch."
-Jerry Oltion, Nebula winning author of "Abandon in Place""From dusty chalk trays to the edges of space and time, this collection of stories by James Van Pelt not only enthralls and amazes, but reaffirms this author's rare ability to remind us of what it is to be human. Highly recommended."
- Julie E. Czerneda, author of In the Company of Others"James Van Pelt is one of those writers who should be a lot better known than he is. He's been flying below most people's radar, because his wonderful, inventive, moving short stories have been appearing hither and yon. But that should change now that the best of them are here, in a single volume, that belongs on every SF fan's shelf."
- Robert J. Sawyer, Nebula Award-winning author of Hominids"Equally adept at science fiction, fantasy and horror, Jim Van Pelt is one of those rare writers who swoop effortlessly across the landscape of the fantastic. I read him with admiration and envy. Discover a new master of the short form in the pages of Strangers and Beggars."
-James Patrick Kelly, Nebula award-winning author of "Think Like a Dinosaur.""Welcome to the world of James Van Pelt, a world of invisible shotgun-toting dwarves, psychic baseball consultants, sharks under the carpet, and giant spiders. The world of imaginative literature."
-from multiple Nebula award-winning author, Bruce Holland Rogers' introduction.
Available in trade paperback (ISBN 0-9668184-5-8, $17.99) from Fairwood Press, 5203 Quincy Ave SE, Auburn, WA 98092. Email the publisher or the author for more information. Autographed copies available from the author.James Van Pelt's Home Page | Fairwood Press


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BeyondUnreal Forums
Forum Archive
Tarquin's BrushBuilders
Tarquin's BrushBuilders
> Brush builder reques!! Desperate!
View Full Version :
Brush builder reques!! Desperate!
8th Apr 2004, 08:31 PM
delete me
10th Apr 2004, 07:35 AM
To get a torus shape, you can just use the 2d shape editor, draw out the cross section and hit the revolve button.
The problem you have with your spirals is that the sloped sections are no longer planar polygons - you need to split each one into two triangles, since triangles are always planar. Non-planar polys are virtually guaranteed to cause nasty BSP issues. Splitting polys is not really possible in UED - they have to be there from the start. You could try making the spiral from a load of tesselated cubes (a cube with each face divided in to tris - you just select the 'tessellated' option from the cube dialog). You could vertex edit that into shape, and if you got it just right could probably duplicate the same shape and fit it together with the others to make a spiral. This isn't ideal tho.
To get spiral shapes, I find the best tool to use is tarquins extrude brush builder - you need to enter the cross section vertices numerically, and then define an extrude path in your case a spiral. You can work out the points you need with some basic math. You can get the brush builders from tarquins's link at the bottom of the forum front page.
28th Apr 2004, 05:19 PM
ahhh yea i have the same problem! i think neway, because its hard to tell from that nasty screenie, you cant se anythin!
i tried doin each segment of the brush separately aswell and that didn't work, surely there's gotta be a better way of doin it than doin the brush in a different program!
here's (http://forums.beyondunreal.com/showthread.php?p=1447157#post1447157) the link to my problem ;)
2nd Jun 2004, 10:19 PM
if you follow the instructions for install Tarquins Builder Brushes they will work in UT2004 you just have to run ucc with the "make" command from a command prompt
or just use the attached zip
vBulletin® v3.8.7, Copyright ©2000-2015, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.


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Hotels in Greve in Chianti
From luxury resorts to small design hotels and cozy inns, there are an infinite number of great places to stay in the world, including hotels in Greve in Chianti. Browse our travel guide and get Travel + Leisure's picks for the best Greve in Chianti hotels—all-inclusive resorts, design hotels, remote lodges, vacation rentals, and more. Our international team of editors and writers handpicks the top Greve in Chianti hotels, helping travelers discover the most popular places to stay in Greve in Chianti, and the most memorable.
Whether a boutique hotel with luxury amenities, a wilderness lodge, a cool rental home, or a country inn fit for your budget, Travel + Leisure highlights the best of the best. From affordable beach resorts and cozy inns to high-tech hotels and kid-friendly all-inclusive resorts, these Greve in Chianti hotel listings will help you find just the right place to spend the night during your visit. Below find Travel + Leisure's top spots for where to stay in Greve in Chianti.
1 - 1 of 1 Results
Villa Bordoni
PRICE RANGE:In 2002, transplanted Scottish restaurateurs David and Catherine Gardner discovered a ruin in Chianti and turned it into the wisteria-covered Villa... More
Explore hotels in Tuscany for more options.
1 - 1 of 1 Results


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Recovering a deleted mailbox
Continue Reading This Article
Enjoy this article as well as all of our content, including E-Guides, news, tips and more.
By submitting you agree to receive email communications from TechTarget and its partners. Privacy Policy Terms of Use.
Mailboxes in Exchange 2000 are attributes of user accounts. You should enable auditing in your Active Directory and track all changes to the accounts. In the future, this will cause an event to be logged thus telling you what accounts have been changed (in this case, whose mailbox was just deleted). As for what to do now, I am not aware of any third-party tools that specifically have this feature, but that does not mean there are none. You might try perusing through the offerings here. Perhaps one of these vendors has a solution for you.
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text:
Tractor Parts Main Page <Check Out The Rest Of Our Inventory!
New Canada, Maine 04743
(207) 834 - 1164
Email: scott @ mainetractors.com
Please contact us if you are interested in a specific tractor part even if it is not listed. Whenever possible Original or Manufacturer's Part Numbers are used. Satisfaction is guaranteed on all parts for up to 90 days, this does not include freight.
I am parting out this Ford 1300


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Major League Soccer will institute a rule against 'mass confrontations' of the referee during a match:
Troubled by swarms of players disrupting a match, the league's board of governors has approved a rule that would penalize teams and coaches when three or more individuals confront a referee or opponent.
The MLS disciplinary committee would issue a warning for a first offense. Subsequent incidents would result in a fine for both the club and head coach. The league declined to specify amounts, but multiple sources told the Insider the committee would levy penalties of $5,000 for a team and $1,000 for a coach.
Great, I suppose. But the idea this is a unique scourge is false. A year ago today, I posted this quote:
"In Russia the captain of a side wears the armband to show his rank, and he alone is permitted to appeal to the referee. What a far cry from the unsightly assaults on the unhappy officials of some lands, including Britain, when referees are jostled by protesting players at the award of a penalty!"
-Geoffrey Green, 1960.
And of course there's the early 20th century example above. So good on you MLS, and good luck to you in changing a 100 year-old problem.


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Blogs must have taken a step into another dimension. Have you noticed this? They've been used to communicate different things in various formats, with each new experiment taking the blog consciousness into even deeper levels. Like as if we bloggers are all meditating together and in unison, rise up together to embrace a new way of getting inside the soul of our neighbor.
In other words, we're getting nosy.
The latest fun and games, hot on the heels of link bait, which is, as far as I'm concerned, the online equivalent of flirting, are memes. Those are the "Why I do this thing I do" posts that tag folks at the end, so that they have a chance to admit that they also do that thing, or something else or never would touch that thing with a ten foot pole.
Barry Schwartz tagged me for one of those things. He decided to discuss Things I Wish I Would Be More Serious About, and felt I'd have a "colorful response". Actually, I did, but we can't type it here. (Just kidding.)
This topic has me in complete turmoil.
Barry writes,
There are things that I wish I was more serious about. Well, maybe not "serious" but "devoted to" or "scheduled to" to do on a daily basis.
I'm seriously hung up on the word "serious". Why? Well, you see, there are these tiny frown marks between my eyebrows that got there because I'm so serious. I used to have a fiancé who would walk up to me, place two fingers on my face and try to spread the skin apart between the eyebrows to help erase the frown. (Picture the Spock greeting and you'll get the idea.)
I discovered much later that anti-aging cream does the same thing .
You may not think I'm ever serious. I think I am. I'm grumpy as crap in the morning, which in my mind, is serious. The good news is that I come alive around 3pm and if you need someone to stay up gabbing with, I'm your gal. Except I'm usually working, because I'm most creative at night. If I could be devoted, or perhaps more disciplined is the better word, I would wake up every day and be happy morning came.
One of life's mysteries is the one where people keep begging me to get drunk.
This has happened on family vacations and search engine marketing conferences. I don't understand the appeal of seeing me snookered. Obviously, it's a shock to meet boring me. And when I tell people I once ended up in a walking cast for 9 weeks because I fell off a bar while dancing the Charleston with a customer, nobody ever believes me.
I Wish I Was More Serious About
Getting back to Barry's dedication, discipline, take things seriously, give a hoot topic, I confess that when I'm not being so freaking serious, I need to be more serious about:
1. Making money. I give away many things, including my time.
2. Reversing the age process. I'm about to hit a number that's one number away from being a scary number. It's not funny.
3. Breast reduction. If you need to ask, you've never seen my Webpronews videos.
4. Writing. I'm not very good at it, according to someone who posted a comment saying so at another blog. Remember, we bloggers hold onto every negative comment and let it outweigh all the encouraging ones. I would love to not be so sensitive, but guess what. Really. Guess what?
5. Finding my Center. This is, for those who really know me well, what I value the most. I'm not happy unless I love. It's a basic truth and terribly complicated to explain but sometimes I can tell the instant people understand this about me.
It also frees me to laugh my head off and be "wifty", which is what I'm called at home.
Remember that fiancé who tried to smooth out my frown wrinkles?
He now owns a massage school in New Jersey.
Wanna be tagged? I choose EVERYBODY at Cre8asiteforums who has a blog and ran out of ideas to write about. What do you wish you were more serious about, devoted to, or disciplined to do every day?
Some folks have jumped into this topic. Some favorites, who have also tagged others:
Shoemoney – The Pursuit of Happiness
Miriam Ellis – Things I wish I could be more serious about
Wendy Piersall – I Don't Need No Stinkin' Regrets!
James Lewis – Things I Wish I Would Be More Serious About


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on December 8, 2011We're not sure if the annotation "nails trimmed" says more about men who interview for casual jobs in the world we now live or if it just suggests a commendable attention to small details. Regardless, this is a pretty good diagram for the hurried man. We will say, however, that "nails trimmed" should be a general, everyday rule, no matter if you're seeking new employment.
Check the length of your nails and check this out at The Art of Manliness.
Follow The Style Blog on RSS, Twitter, and Instagram at @ESQStyle.
What To Read Next


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Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
Pediatrics Residency, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
Pediatric Neurology Fellowship, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Special Interests
Neonatal neurology and neurophysiology
I chose my specialty because...
I find neurology very fascinating, challenging and mysterious specialty with lot of scope of research.
I chose to work at Dayton Children's because...
It has a positive work enviornment which is optimal for professional as well as intellectual growth.
Dayton Children's is special because...
of the commitment to care for kids and working in a "Team" spirit make Dayton Children's special.
My personal Interests are...
Tennis, table tennis, dancing, practicing spirituality and meditation, traveling, hiking and water sports and cooking
We believe there are 18 ways we're just right for our region's kids! Learn more and share your story at justrightforkids.org.
See What's Happening
Get Involved
Stay Connected
- Sign Up for e-Newsletter
- E-mail a patient
- Create/visit a patient's webpage
- Send a gift to a patient
- Contact us
- Phone: 937-641-3000
- Toll-free: 1-800-228-4055


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Cain Caser – OMG
November 25th, 2014
I discovered Cain Caser the artist today. Having studied myself for five years at art college and been a graphic designer for ahem…well over 20 years it's mind blowing when you find a new flavour for your eyes. The colours are bright and intense, your eye tries to take in the form and the colour at once and leaves your heart beating really fast. Well that's what happened to me!
Cain was a graffiti artist in his youth "As a kid growing up I was obsessed with graffiti. I lived near the end of the Metropolitan line so everything that was going on in London was delivered straight to my doorstep. The people, style, mystery and adventure of it completely fascinated me. By twelve years of age I had started writing graffiti and at sixteen it was dominating my life."
Interviewed for Graffuturism, Cain said, "The paintings have been conceived as portraits. The motivations of my younger self, ego and excitement, are the same cues that I paint by today. My working method currently is to cut up and photocopy sketches with paint on paper creating a collaged drawing which then serves as maquette for a painting."
Bend it like Beckham and Brady
October 28th, 2014
Victoria Beckham has been named UK's top entrepreneur, worth £210m. She is now the more valuable of the 'Brand Beckham'. The 40-year-old beat Amit & Meeta Patel, Auden Mckenzie and Julian Dunkerton.
Victoria Beckham has become a "supremely talented entrepreneur in the fashion business. She's got a real business, some design talent and some business nous," said Andrew Saunders, the deputy editor of Management Today. "She gets a lot of stick for being a celeb fashionista but I don't think that's fair. She has built something real out of her own celebrity which is quite a contemporary story. She deserves to be celebrated."
There are many more female entrepreneurs energising Britain. As one of Britain's leading business figures our client Karren Brady CBE is also a high profile inspiration. Her spectacular rise to the top in business and football, her parallel careers as newspaper columnist and author, her extensive work for charity – and, of course, her starring role as Lord Sugar's right-hand woman in TV's The Apprentice.
Now, I must get on…I've got my first million to make.
Twerking your Personal Brand
July 3rd, 2014
What does Miley Cyrus twerking and your personal brand have in common? This wholesome, pure teen, reinforced the message that a 'good girl' can be a success. She was a role model for our kids and Disney's darling. Then over one MTV night she changed. There was no gradual personal brand shift here. She needed to find a way of staying relevant whilst continuing to grow her fortune.
It was a bold and clever move and not one I'd advocate. However, she increased her twitter following by 112% and her Facebook by 250k! Those are stats we like the sound of.
So should we all be twerking our personal brand? In our own distinct way yes, provocative, wholesome, professional or in your pyjamas…you decide.
When isn't a logo a brand?
May 22nd, 2014
A brand is more than just a logo. We all know this in the sense that your brand is your values and how you act on those at every point of contact. What I mean is that it takes years for a logo to be recognised on it's own in isolation. When we design a logo the hard work continues to the look, feel and ethos around the logo. We describe the logo as being the core. It's got to be perfect but it's just the beginning of what we do.
Take our branding for South Downs National Park for instance. After the logo was signed off work began to build a picture around the logo. From the website design to the vehicle decals and signage everything started to take on a distinctive look. It's our job to steer the brand and give it the right voice, the logo is just the start.
Michael Portillo and Farrow Creative Make their Mark
May 21st, 2014
As part of our continuing support for Guildford Cathedrals 'Make your Mark' appeal we attended the swanky 'Dinner in the Nave' on Saturday night. I had the good fortune to be sitting next to the guest speaker Michael Portillo and the Rt Revd Ian Buckley, Bishop of Dorking.
Michael Portillo is an amazing speaker, very funny and self deprecating. He told a wonderful story when I asked him what it was really like to work with Mrs Thatcher. The auction raised over 20k on the night. Almost worth throwing yourself off the top of the Cathedral for!
Work experience for local Petersfield School student
May 20th, 2014
We are proud to be based in Petersfield and Guildford and understand the value of supporting other local organisations and businesses. Today we have offered a work placement to a student at the Petersfield school (under 18) to help them develop new skills and gain experience in the world of work.
Introducing students to our studio can help them understand the creative work environment, choose future study or prepare for related employment. We usually offer a short placement where they will have the opportunity to observe and get stuck into real live projects.
What we get out of this is a great sense of fulfilment, helping future generations to understand their opportunities and potential. This takes time of course, students are often unsure and nervous. With two children of my own I understand their uncertainty.
But you've got to start out in the world somewhere, by the end of the century there will be 10 billion people on the planet. So where better to start than the safe, fun, creative environment of Farrow Creative?
A huge thank you. Don't look down!
May 2nd, 2014
Climb the 249 steps to the roof of Guildford Cathedral, and you'll enjoy wonderful panoramic views across the city and the Surrey countryside 160 feet below. Unless your name is Sam Farrow, that is!
On Saturday 26 April, I abseiled from the roof's highest point to help raise the £7m needed to equip this wonderful building for the 21st Century. In particular, the acoustic plaster in the ceiling vaults urgently needs replacing: without this vital restoration work, the Cathedral – the last to be built in England – may be forced to close.
I'm pleased to report I reached terra firma safely: no undergarments were harmed in the making of this epic descent.
A huge 'thank you' to everyone who's donated so far – and if you haven't (or forgot) it's not too late! You can donate online at www.everyclick.com/idontlikeheights
I will be splitting the monies raised between the Cathedral, and our 'house' charity here at Farrow Creative, Disability Challengers – www.disabilitychallengers.org
Rocking the business school
February 28th, 2014
Thanks to everyone who attend my talk last night at the Surrey University Business School. It was an honour to have been asked to present 'running a successful business' to the MBA students. There were clearly a huge amount of talented people in the room. I was especially inspired by my mentee Rabi who has come over from Nigeria, leaving her husband and children to gain her qualification. That to me is dedication and someone who knows where they are going in life. Don't look down.
Surrey Business School Talk
February 27th, 2014
I'm looking forward tonight to talking to the MBA students at the University of Surrey on the pleasure, pain, pitfalls and personal satisfaction involved in running your own business. I'm acting as a mentor to one student for the remainder of the year. Having spoken briefly to her on the phone she has already inspired me!
I've been running Farrow Creative for over eight years, and it has been good to step back and think about what it really means to 'run your own business'.
See you there. http://www.surrey.ac.uk/mba/events/learning_from_the_successful.htm
No hanging about
February 7th, 2014
For some reason…Sam's agreed to a daunting physical challenge. In April, she'll be one of a small team of plucky volunteer fundraisers abseiling from the top of Guildford Cathedral, whose bell tower rears 160 feet above the city.
Sam will be splitting the monies she raises between the Cathedral's roof restoration fund, and our 'house' charity here at Farrow Creative, Disability Challengers. If you'd like to support her in this noble (not to say foolhardy) endeavour, you can make your pledge online at www.everyclick.com/idontlikeheights or pop into the studio to laugh at her!


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BY The Argyle
A beautiful night and Sydney was out in force for the first night of Vivid!
Photos by Guilherme Infante
The Argyle will be transformed, re-animated and re-ignited in an event unlike any other in the venues renowned heritage history.
We had so much fun!
Were you spotted at The Argyle?


text: | Dáil Éireann - Volume 653 - 08 May, 2008 Written Answers. - Special Areas of Conservation. Deputy Frank Feighan Deputy Frank Feighan Deputy Frank Feighan asked the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government the position regarding the sale of bogland in a special area of conservation on behalf of a person (details supplied) in County Leitrim. [17888/08] Deputy John Gormley Deputy John Gormley Deputy John Gormley: I understand that the Chief State Solicitor's Office have raised a number of pre-contract issues with the vendor's solicitor which must be resolved before the sale can be completed. Dáil Éireann 653 Written Answers. Special Areas of Conservation. Questions 20080508 | ||||||||||||||||||||||


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3D Impact!
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Generic text on a one-color background won't get you anything but a boring banner. 3D IMPACT! Pro from CrystalGraphics Inc. uses a wizard-style interface to help you create interesting 3D and animated Web graphics. A free demo version is available for download.
Next: Check It Out »
Like this article? Get this issue right now on iPad, Nook or Kindle Fire.
This article was originally published in the November 2000 print edition of Entrepreneur with the headline: Toot Your Own Horn.


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Produce for Kids is celebrating the launch of its new website with a big party through social media. "Attendees" can chat with industry leaders, bloggers and interested parents by logging onto Twitter.
The Virtual Launch Party begins at 9 p.m. Oct. 22 with the hashtag #ProduceforKids to connect the conversation. Topics like healthy snacking for kids and adding more produce into meal plans will be discussed throughout the two-day party. The organization's media partner, Sprout, provided "The Chica Show" themed gift baskets for giveaways during the party. Participants can also use the Produce for Kids blog or forum, via www.produceforkids.com, to join the conversation.
Produce for Kids hopes to recreate past social media success with the social media event.
"Our past Twitter parties have averaged 2.3 million impressions and have opened a gateway for us to connect directly with parents," said vice president Trish James in a news release.
The new website, which launched Oct. 21, features dietician-approved recipes, tips for produce shopping, and a blog and a forum for visitors to exchange healthy eating information.


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Linda C. Wood, principal of Chester's Harrowgate Elementary, was selected in early June as Virginia's 2011 National Distinguished Principal. She received the award Tuesday, June 14, in a surprise presentation in front of her students, the community, and the school staff; Superintendent of Chesterfield County Public Schools, Dr. Marcus Newsome, and Marshall Trammell, the school board member from the Bermuda district, were also in attendance.
Wood was nominated and selected by her fellow principals through a statewide search process conducted by the Virginia Association of Elementary School Principals (VAESP). For six years she has served as a principal, leading Harrowgate Elementary since 2004. The criteria for the selection required, set by the VAESP, required that the honorees are active principals of schools where programs are designed to meet the academic and social needs of all students and where they are firmly established community ties with parents and the local business organizations.
"At the helm of every successful school is a successful principal," said Gail Connelly, NAESP's executive director. "Our National Distinguished Principals program provides us with an opportunity to recognize the outstanding leadership of these principals and their commitment to creating successful learning communities. Because of them, students thrive academically, teachers grow professionally, and communities strengthen."
In the fall, Wood will travel to Washington D.C. where honorees from each state will be recognized.


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The Sword's J.D. Cronise is just a regular dude who listens to R. Kelly and Michael Jackson
That connects in a way with the song on Apocryphon called "The Hidden Masters." Is that a reference in any way to Helena Blavatsky's ideas of theosophy as outlined in Isis Unveiled and The Secret Doctrine?
It is a bit. It's the idea of these superior beings that taught humanity. That humanity has basically had contact with some sort of other life forms, or higher life forms or alien life forms or some sort of other beings that have kind of guided us and taught us some things along the way.
How did you get interested in that sort of thing?
I'm interested in esoteric topics like that. Originally I don't really recall. It's one of those things that kind of came up and I ended up looking into.
You also have a song called "Dying Earth" on the new album. Is that a nod to Jack Vance's The Dying Earth series?
Oh yeah. Absolutely. One hundred percent. Even the language of the lyrics is meant to kind of be an homage to his prose in those books.
What about his prose resonates for you?
The Dying Earth books you basically need a dictionary to get through a page, and you'll be using it at least three times. He uses the most kind of arcane, baroque, weird terms, or he'll just use some antiquated French term for some object that he could have just said "cup" or "chair," but instead, he chooses to call it this Fifteenth Century French word for chair, or something. It's kind of showing off his prose virtuosity in a way, and I'm a fan of clever use of language.
Have you read Gene Wolfe at all?
He does something similar in his writing, and the The Book of the New Sun series shows Jack Vance's artistic fingerprints of influence.
Yes. I believe he has said as much.
Why did you approach J.H. Williams III to do the cover art?
Just been a fan of his for a long time. He's an amazing artist in general. Even though he's known mostly for working in comics, his artwork really surpasses the normal level of comic book art. He's very talented.
Which of his comics do you read or had you read?
I read Batwoman, which he does now. His work on Promethea is more along the lines of what he brought to the artwork in terms of the kind of esoteric and metaphysical aspects, like using [Austin Osman Spare's] "the alphabet of desire" in the album artwork. And various kinds of magical symbols and things like that. We're very pleased he was willing to do it.
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