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Register finds lead-poisoned children in Mexican village where
pots are made for candy.
Wednesday, April 28, 2004
The Orange County Register
SANTA FE DE LA LAGUNA, MEXICO Griselda Maximo Guzman dunks her slender, bare arms into the bucket to stir the yellow glaze called greta. It looks like cake batter.
Pregnant and a little tired on this crisp fall day, she dips hundreds of small clay pots into the bucket.
The glaze is mostly lead, a poison that can cause miscarriage or brain damage when ingested or absorbed through the skin.
But this is how Maximo's mother glazed pots. And her grandmother. And her great-grandmother. Nearly everybody has done it this way in Santa Fe de la Laguna, a village in the central state of Michoacán. This is how they've made a living for centuries.
It's also how the village has been contaminated, becoming the saddest stop along the trail of the $620 million Mexican candy industry.
Each year, families shape pots, glaze them and fire them in wood-burning stoves. Then, thousands of Santa Fe's little pots are filled with candy that turns to poison as it absorbs lead from the glaze.
The candy is a sticky pulp made from the pods of the tamarind tree. Using pots for tamarind candy is a longstanding tradition in Mexico.
The trail of lead-tainted candies extends to border towns like Tijuana and into Orange County. These potted candies are among the most dangerous.
They have been linked to poisoned children for a decade. They rarely are found in Orange County stores today but are readily available in San Diego. As recently as 2002, they were suspected in the lead poisoning of a La Habra child.
Candies poison children on both sides of the border and can cause depressed IQs and health problems. In Santa Fe, school officials believe the lead-based glazes have caused learning problems in children. And women say they've suffered stomach ailments, miscarriages and infertility.
All along the candy trail are problems that could be avoided if health officials would take action, if loopholes in America's food- safety laws were closed, and if Mexican manufacturers stopped producing tainted goods, an Orange County Register investigation found.
But nowhere is the lack of accountability more devastating than in this village of 6,000 people, many living in mud-brick houses, some starving as they try to make a living from the greta-glazed pots fired in their homes.
Without pottery making, Santa Fe's economy would collapse. Villagers say they have to churn out pots with greta because it produces the beautiful shine customers want. Mexican health officials say that they have more pressing health problems in a country where children in rural areas still die from malnutrition. And the village's residents say it is too difficult and costly to use nonleaded glazes.
Besides, many residents believe that lead isn't a problem because the symptoms could be caused by many things other than lead.
"They say it doesn't do damage, and they are fully contaminated with lead," said Virgilio Perez Negron Medrano of the Michoacán Department of Environmental Health. "Here, people who don't work, don't eat. They say, 'Better to die from lead than from hunger.'"
The Register visited the village in October and hired a medical team to conduct blood tests on the village's children. Of 92 tested, 87 were found to have lead poisoning - some up to 6.5 times the level set by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The scope of the problem compares to some of the most serious lead-poisoning cases in the United States.
Santa Fe is a community of Tarascan Indians, where residents speak Purépecha first and Spanish second, if at all. Despite its poverty, the lakeside village has some minor fame in Mexico, as it once was a soap-opera set.
The origins of the Tarascans, who are believed to have thrived as early as 1100 A.D., are unclear. When the Spanish arrived in the 1500s, they found a people at war with the Aztecs, a culture with its own language and specialized skills in metal work. They also found the Tarascans making pots.
The descendants of those Tarascans make all sorts of pots today with greta's distinctive sheen - for cooking, storing food and decoration. They also make them for candy.
One candy business alone buys nearly 260,000 tiny pots a year from the village's potters, whose skill with the lead-based glaze dates to Spanish colonial days.
The Spaniards, trying to make amends after slaughtering thousands of Tarascans during the conquest, introduced greta as a gift.
Even today, the look of a greta-glazed pot is regarded as special, and little is done to reduce the risk to the potter and consumer.
In 2003, the Mexican government regulated the use of the glaze in pottery, but the rules haven't been enforced. An indefinite grace period has been granted to give potters time to adjust.
State health workers are frustrated because they say that businesses promised not to sell the greta used in indigenous communities.
"But we are seeing that the greta is still there," said Perez, the health official in Michoacán responsible for educating potters about the dangers of lead-based glaze in this state of about 4 million residents.
Perez has conducted work- shops to teach potters how to use nonleaded glazes, but with 20,000 families making pots, he hasn't been able to reach more than a fraction of them. He has faced threats and anger from potters afraid of losing their livelihoods.
Hundreds of miles away in Guanajuato at a factory that makes the glaze, workers wear masks and protective clothing and get their lead levels tested every six months.
But most potters in Santa Fe are not tested for lead poisoning. Nobody here wears masks, gloves or protective clothing. Few understand the effects of lead poisoning, even though the bags of greta are printed with serious warnings not to breathe it, to wash hands after using it and to keep it away from cooking areas.
The warnings are in Spanish, a language most of the potters can't read.
Many mothers know greta is bad because their grandmothers shooed them away from it or told them stories about a young child who died after eating it.
But few know that exposure to lead can cause kidney problems, learning disabilities, seizures and infertility. Few know that lead can seep into bones, staying there for years, causing irreversible damage.
And few know that children are most at risk.
Potter Griselda Maximo Guzman's son Tariacuri, named after a king of the Tarascans, is a typical 5-year- old. He plays with plastic wrestling figures that litter the dirt floor of his home.
The bright-eyed youngster enjoys drawing farm animals, artwork that his mother proudly displays on the walls. He also plays soccer, throwing his 40-pound body into the game with all his might.
He was born a month premature and had trouble breathing. His mother, who is pregnant with her second child, said that today he's generally a healthy, happy child. His teachers have told her that he's bright.
On this October day, he keeps Maximo company while she glazes pots in their home. In Santa Fe, pottery making is a family affair, with grandmothers crafting the pots by hand, mothers and children glazing them and husbands selling them across Mexico at festivals.
Maximo's husband isn't here to help. He, along with other men from the village, are on a monthlong pilgrimage to the Basilica in Mexico City to pray to La Virgen de Guadalupe, walking by day, sleeping in fields at night.
While Maximo works on the pots, Tariacuri sits nearby. Although he has no apparent symptoms of lead poisoning, his lead levels measured 47.2 micrograms at the Register's October testing clinic.
Lead is measured in micrograms per tenth of a liter of blood. Anything 10 or more is considered unhealthy, and some scientists say that smaller amounts can be harmful.
Children with blood-lead levels like Tariacuri's are at great risk, experts say.
"Unfortunately, with a blood-lead level of 47, a lot of kids may not have symptoms while the lead is insidiously eating away at their intellectual capacity," said Howard Hu, professor at the Harvard School of Public Health. "Some kids may have symptoms, and there will be things like headaches, listlessness, some abdominal pains, irritability - very vague symptoms, which make it difficult for clinicians to suspect."
Of the 92 children tested at the clinic, only five had normal levels, and two of those were borderline. Fifteen tested at a level where IQ, hearing and growth could be affected; 28 at a level where nerves are also affected; 23 at a level that can weaken bones; 10 in the range that also decreases the body's ability to make red blood cells; two at the level that also would cause stomachaches; and nine at the level where problems also could include kidney damage and anemia.
The families were surveyed to help determine the source of lead. Nearly all the families work with pottery, and almost all work with the lead-based glaze. Most have their children nearby at some point while they're working, which raises their exposure.
The clinic's results shocked lead experts in the United States.
"That's outrageous. That is flabbergasting," said Robert Lynch, an associate professor of Occupational and Environmental Health at the University of Oklahoma, who has studied Mexican candy linked to lead.
"Those kids are in severe trouble," he said. "Those kids are going to have marked problems, when you spend your first seven years of life with a lead level of 60. We think that with a level of 5 you now have problems. The level should be zero."
Jose Luis Bautista Cortez, director of one of Santa Fe's elementary schools, says about 70 percent of the 213 students suffer from learning problems. He believes lead may have something to do with it, although many things, including language barriers and poverty, contribute to learning problems.
The problems with potted candies have been known for a decade. California issued a health advisory in 1993, when high lead levels were found in Picarindo candies in glazed ceramic pots made in Morelia, about an hour's drive from Santa Fe. One teaspoon of that candy exposed children to 70 times the Food and Drug Administration's daily recommended limit of lead.
Some changes have been made as a result of state advisories: Fewer potted candies are making it to California than a decade ago, people who used to buy and sell them say.
But factories still grind out the greta glaze and ship it to the potters, who continue to poison themselves and their families. And candy packagers continue buying the lead-glazed pots and filling them with fig-like tamarind jam. A sales representative from one of Mexico's largest candy companies estimates that 15 percent of all tamarind candy in Mexico still comes in the traditional ceramic pots, many of which are made with the lead- based glaze.
In Michoacán, one of Mexico's poorer and more rural states, neither the state health department nor regional hospitals have the resources to test for lead, even though the state is a center for traditional pottery.
Michoacán health officials said they don't need a clinic to tell them there are high lead levels in Santa Fe. They are well aware of the problem there and in surrounding villages.
But they point to limited resources and stretched budgets.
"There are bigger priorities - malnutrition, diabetes, bronchitis," said Joel Nicolas Martinez Cruz, director of the General Regional Hospital No. 1 in Morelia, the capital of Michoacán known for its traditional candies. "In the hospital, we don't have technology to test blood."
In Santa Fe, children still starve. The local doctor says she has 50 cases of malnourished children, five of them so grave they might die.
In response to the Register's findings, the state government plans to regularly provide foods heavy in iron and calcium, which reduce lead absorption, to children and pregnant women in Santa Fe.
Maximo frowns when the doctors tell her about Tariacuri's high lead levels at the testing clinic. They explain the effects of lead poisoning at high levels - slower mental development, stomachaches, kidney damage. They urge her to give him more iron and calcium.
She remains quiet, uncertain. Could greta really be that bad? After all, it's been used by her family for generations. And many Mexicans even use it to cure stomach pains or as a contraceptive.
But it is that bad. The glaze is mostly lead. Four months pregnant, Maximo now is concerned about how it might affect her unborn child.
Maximo, who attended school only to sixth grade, began making pots for candy when she was 12, crouched on a dirt floor beside her mother. They fetched the clay from a field outside the village and then dried it on their sunny doorstep. In the kitchen, they kneaded the clay, flattening it into a tortilla shape and then molding the pots by hand.
People here earn about $2.50 a day making pots. There are 650 family-run pottery workshops. Only five of them use nonleaded glazes, and even they acknowledge that they are losing money because nobody will buy their pots. They don't shine like the pots with greta.
Maximo doesn't know how she could stop using it. The customers demand shiny pots and don't want to hear about lead poisoning. And if she doesn't make them, her neighbor will.
It comes down to supply and demand. And there are definitely people who still want her pots.
Women like Doña Mecha.
One of the most successful people in Santa Fe isn't from Santa Fe. She isn't Tarascan. Doesn't speak Purépecha. And doesn't spend her days crafting or glazing pots.
Mercedes Ramirez Campos, known as Doña Mecha, buys pots from the women in the village and sells them. Originally from Veracruz, she married a local man and set up shop. Her store sits on the highway that cuts through Santa Fe, beckoning tourists with decorated coffee mugs, brilliant plates and shiny water jugs.
The store also is stocked with hundreds of the tiny pots that go to five clients who pack them with tamarind candy mixed with chili powder, another source of lead. Judith Sarmiento, a Michoacán woman, buys 260,000 pots a year from Doña Mecha.
Sarmiento's potted treats, under the name Dulce de Tamarindo La Colonial, are sold in San Diego and Tijuana, where many Mexican-American families go to stock up for children's parties.
The Register hired a laboratory that found lead levels of 26 parts per million in the candy packed into the pot.
To check the effect of leaching from the pot, the lab also tested the candy scooped from the edge of the pot. It had lead levels of 100 ppm - 200 times the limit for lead in candy set by the FDA.
State and federal regulators have not tested La Colonial candy, records show.
A mother of two, Sarmiento is proud of the candy- packaging business that she and her husband have built. They have 12 employees and just bought a computer. They are shocked that their product contains lead.
It comes as no surprise to Doña Mecha, who has heard about lead in greta.
"What are they going to do for work?" she asked. "Because there was a time when people weren't going to work because of the lead, but frankly I felt bad for the people. What are they going to eat? What are they going to do? Because this is their livelihood. Now, they say that it's doing damage, right? ... I have not died. Here I am."
She's a pragmatic businesswoman. She's going to keep buying the pots because they're going to keep making them. The village can't change all of a sudden, she says. Not after all these years.
Why don't the potters in Santa Fe simply use nonleaded glazes that are available? It seems so simple.
It's not.
Efforts by Mexican state government workers and nonprofit organizations to get villagers to abandon greta have been unsuccessful.
They pushed the potters to wear gloves, but the artisans insisted they need to feel when the greta has reached the right consistency before glazing pots.
The state holds workshops to urge the artisans to use gas stoves rather than wood stoves, because gas burns at a more even temperature needed for nonleaded glazes. They also demonstrate how to use those glazes.
None of it has worked. Few people attend the workshops. They are battling more than 500 years of history, cultural denial and economic barriers.
Maria del Rosario Lucas is a 40-year-old mother of two who works with a small group of women educating the village about the dangers of greta. The group is called Uarhi, which means "woman" in Purépecha.
The women, with little education, recently learned Spanish so they could give speeches about greta. But not everyone wants to hear them. When they gave a television interview about greta, villagers lashed out at them, saying that business was bad enough already.
The reaction didn't stop the Uarhi members, who say they personally know the dangers of lead.
Lucas and her doctor believe she lost her baby because of lead poisoning. She had a miscarriage in the second trimester. "Lead kills your baby, little by little. Don't use it," the doctor told her.
Another woman in the Uarhi group believes she suffers from infertility because she sells greta from her home.
A third one believes she became sick with daily vomiting and weight loss because she, too, sells greta.
The women began making nonleaded pots, but it was like learning a new craft. They have spent the past year losing oven after oven of pots as they experimented with the nonleaded glaze.
One batch stuck to the racks because they didn't account for different formulas with the new glaze. The next batch came out discolored. And the next looked scratched.
When they tried to sell some of the slightly damaged mugs, they were turned away. The women now sip coffee from these mugs at their regular meetings.
Villagers say the nonleaded glazes are more expensive, not as readily available and need higher, more exact temperatures in gas ovens.
One gas oven costs 60,000 pesos roughly $6,000 - several years' wages for a family. Nearly everyone here uses earthen stoves that burn wood at much lower and less exact temperatures.
They also say that experimenting with the new glazes is time-consuming, resulting in lost wages and a family not eating for a day.
But Michoacán state health workers dispute this. They say the nonleaded glazes are available, cheap and can be fired in wood stoves.
Perez, the state worker in charge of educating potters, says that residents are simply making excuses.
"No, it's not true. They haven't experimented. It can be learned in two or three sessions. It is an excuse. Those who have experimented will tell you that it is possible," Perez said. "There are other glazes."
The women in Uarhi, meanwhile, have changed their education campaign, focusing on children in elementary schools. Best to start educating the coming generation of artists who might be more open-minded.
"We want a better life than our parents had. We want our children to have a better life than we have," Lucas said.
As evening falls in the village, men descend from the verdant hills with their burros, carrying stacks of firewood for their kilns. As they clamber down, they view the misty lake and twinkling lights from a neighboring village.
A candle-lit religious procession snakes its way through Santa Fe's cobblestone streets.
In the plaza, the heart of the village, women sell fish caught from the lake. Elderly men park themselves on benches, while grandmothers bustle past to the church.
Young men are noticeably absent from the village. Most have gone to the United States, to places like California and Oregon, to earn more than they can selling pots. A few young men this evening cluster on street corners, drinking beer and looking bored.
Mothers heading home from the corner store are bundled in traditional striped shawls, called rebozos. Children skip and hop alongside them.
Scores of trucks loaded with pots pass the religious procession. They rumble past the plaza, the elderly men nodding off, the grandmothers fingering their rosary beads, and the young men slouching on the street corner.
The trucks are headed for Morelia, where candy makers will pack the pots with tamarind-chili paste.
Morelia isn't always the final stop, though.
Sometimes, these candies end up in the United States.
Tomorrow: A porous border and conflicting regulations make it easy for lead-laced candies to get into the United States.
Making safer pottery
Looking for solutions
The Orange County Register
The Register asked stakeholders for their ideas about how to solve the problem of lead i n candy
Q: How can candy in pots be made safe for both potters and consumers?
Marcela Tomaya
Activist working to reduce lead exposure in artisan communities in Michoacán
A: There needs to be a sustained campaign on the dangers of leaded pottery. Nike, for example, faced orchestrated criticism over children making its shoes in Third World countries. Such a campaign on pottery could create more customer demand for nonleaded pots, and artisans, in turn, will meet that demand.
Jose Luis Favian Fermin
Elected official and potter in Santa Fe de la Laguna who
has opted to use nonleaded glazes
A: A permanent workshop or school should be set up in Santa Fe so a new generation of potters can be taught how to use nonleaded glazes. We have submitted funding proposals to government agencies but have been told there are no resources for a permanent training school.
Lourdes Schnaas
Psychologist with the Mexican government's Department of
Perinatology who studies lead issues in Mexico and helped organize
the Register's health clinic in Santa Fe
A: Education, particularly on the health effects, for the potters is essential. They can't understand that lead is doing damage because this is a family tradition. People say, "I am fine. My father is fine, my mother, too." One problem with lead is that you can't say you had an illness specifically because of lead.
Mom blames illness on candy
La Habra woman learned after checkup that her son, who loved
candies packed in pots, had high blood-lead levels.
Orange County Register J
avier Bonilla of La Habra ate five pots of tamarind candy a day - slurping down the sweet and spicy pulp, cleaning out the last sticky traces with his fingers.
Then, he and his three siblings played with the little painted pots, using them to pour and drink water.
The candies were the 2-year-old's favorite until he went for a routine health check in August 2002, and doctors found the level of lead in his blood was high enough to cause hearing loss, and a lowered IQ.
His mother, told by a nurse about the dangers of some Mexican candy, realized Javier's problem stemmed from the traditional candies in clay pots.
"I said, 'My God, heal him,'" said Gloria Bonilla, 37, a single mother who wept at the memory. "If I had known, I wouldn't have given them to him."
California issued its first health advisory about lead in candies in 1993 - targeting candies in clay pots. But the problem has persisted, with family and friends bringing the candies across the border and vendors selling them from ice cream trucks and stores.
In Tulare County, nine cousins were poisoned by tamarind candies in clay pots from 1993 to 1997 before health workers discovered the source, state records show. One of the boys was treated seven times to reduce his blood-lead level. To make him feel better, his family unaware of the cause gave him more candy.
Gloria Bonilla, who has a fifth-grade education and works three jobs including cleaning in a hospital and factory work, said she also loves to eat tamarind in pots. Such treats were luxuries when she was a child growing up with nine siblings in a one-room rented house on a Mexican ranch.
Javier was the only one in his family to test high for lead. His level dropped quickly - from 10 micrograms per tenth of a liter of blood to less than 5 micrograms - as he stopped eating the candies. At 10 micrograms, a child is considered lead poisoned, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But some experts argue that lead causes damage at lower levels.
Javier's mother says she sees no symptoms of lead poisoning in her son. She watches carefully.
Still, she is angry with herself for buying the sweets. She said she hasn't seen candy in clay pots in her neighborhood lately. "At least now we aren't tempted," Gloria Bonilla said. Yet, the truck passes by their house daily with other Mexican treats that make her children run for the door. She says she tries to keep them from eating other Mexican candies - but sometimes she can't say no. She estimates they get their way about once a week. Their favorites are tamarind candies in plastic bags, fruit lollipops and Pelon Pelo Rico, a candy that she was unaware had tested high for lead 11 times.
Researchers worry that children will handle, lick or chew the wrappers, which have lead in the ink. And the ink can leach into the candies, which include chili-covered candy bars, fruity lollipops and sticky tamarind pulp. Candy wrappers available in Orange County stores tested with lead levels of 5,000 parts per million - nearly 10 times regulatory limits for house paint - as recently as last year.
The state has issued seven health advisories over the past decade related to lead in 11 brands of candy. Four of the advisories concerned high lead in wrappers on six brands. More than 40 other brands have had high wrapper tests without any state or federal action, a Register analysis shows.
California issued one of its first public health warnings about lead in candy in 1994, referring to a sweet and spicy powdered candy, Brinquitos, which had high lead levels in its packaging.
The wrappers, suspected as the cause of lead poisoning in a 4-year-old San Bernardino boy, registered 16,000 ppm lead more than 25 times the 600 ppm guideline considered dangerous by the state.
A health advisory in 2001 - issued after a Costa Mesa boy was poisoned - targeted the candy Bolirindo with up to 22,000 ppm lead in its wrapper, as well as smaller amounts in the candy and stick.
"It's a significant problem," said Robert Lynch, an associate professor for occupational and environmental health at the University of Oklahoma, who has studied lead in candy. "Kids tend to stick the candy in their mouth the wrapper and all." Other ingredients also can contaminate the candies. Chili, salt, sugar, tamarind, food coloring and even lollipop sticks have been suspected. Some regulators indicate that not enough scrutiny has been focused on other sources.
"These candies are being contaminated during their processing and not from lead-based inks on wrappers," said Vincent Iacono, compliance officer for the Food and Drug Administration, who voiced concern that not enough focus has been placed on chili and tamarind, an internal state report obtained by the Register said.
Some candy makers acknowledge the struggle to keep lead out of candy.
"Chili, salt, sugar, citric acid ... everything has lead," said Javier Arroyo, an official for popular Mexican candy company Grupo Lorena, who says the company works hard to keep ingredients and packaging below federal lead limits. "It's not easy," he said.
Detailing candy dangers
Answers about lead in potted candies.
The Orange County Register
Candy in clay pots made in Mexico has been linked to lead poisoning in California children.
Q: Has anything been done to stop this problem?
A: Yes and no. Health advisories have been issued but have not stopped the candies from being imported. A federal health alert in 1995 ordered potted candy made by the Margarita company in Jalisco to be stopped at the border because it had tested high for lead. But the Register found the candies in stores in Fullerton and Los Angeles. The candy was tested, and two of four candy samples showed high levels of lead near the edge of the pot. The company says it now uses nonleaded materials. Regulatory action has been limited in part because health officials haven't tested all the potted candies available in stores. Dulce de Tamarindo La Colonial the candy packed into pots made in Santa Fe de la Laguna is one such candy. The Register tested three samples of La Colonial and found lead all three times.
Q: How are these potted treats getting into California?
A: In delivery trucks, trunks of cars and sometimes in the suitcases of well-meaning relatives from Mexico who want to offer children traditional treats.
The candies are still easily found at La Tapatia Mega Dulces warehouse in Tijuana. The size of a major U.S. grocery store, the warehouse has more than 1,000 brands of candy.
Q: Are these potted candies everywhere?
A: They aren't as readily available locally as they once were. Candy in clay pots is one toxic treat the state has helped to eliminate with public health advisories. The Register found La Colonial candy in San Diego in January. Before that, reporters couldn't find any potted candy in 50 stores in Southern California last year.
Q: Is Mexican pottery dangerous when not holding candy?
A: It can be. Health officials believe pottery used for cooking and eating is one of the main sources of lead poisoning in Mexico. In Orange County, pottery and ceramic dishes were linked to nearly 25 percent of lead- poisoning cases in 2002 and 2003.
Q: Is all candy in clay pots dangerous for children?
A: The state Department of Health Services and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have said children should avoid all Mexican candy because of the risk of contamination. The candy in clay pots are a triple threat: the glaze on the pottery contains lead, and the candies contain tamarind and chili powder, both of which have tested high for lead.
That prompted the Register to test for lead in the village. The Register hired a doctor to conduct the tests and worked with the Mexican government's National Institute of Perinatology, which works on prenatal and early human development. The Register also paid some of the expenses of a medical team. The team conducted tests on 92 children in Santa Fe on Oct. 4. The results showed that 87 children had high lead levels - anything at 10 micrograms per tenth of a liter of blood or higher. Some children had more than six times that amount.
Seven children tested at 65 micrograms, but their lead levels might have been higher because the equipment used at the clinic could only test to 65.
The Register's findings show children with lead levels comparable to one of the worst lead-poisoning cases in the United States. In the 1970s, officials found that hundreds of children near a smelter in Kellogg, Idaho, had levels of 40 micrograms and above. At the clinic in Santa Fe, a blood-lead analyzer provided by the Mexican government was used so mothers could get results immediately.
Mothers and their children at the clinic were read a consent letter explaining how the Register planned to use the test results.
Other equipment at the clinic included two test kits to draw blood. The Register spent $800 on the kits to test a maximum of 96 children, but a few tests had to be repeated, leading to 92 results. The clinic was planned for two days, but the demand was so high testing was finished in a day.
The medical team first surveyed the families, asking about exposure to lead, diet and symptoms of lead poisoning. Children were weighed and measured. Doctors drew blood by pricking the kids' fingers. The blood was mixed with chemicals and placed on a sensor strip. Results came in 20 minutes. Specialists explained the results to mothers. The Register consulted experts about compensation and decided not to pay families, but children were given toys, such as stuffed animals, balls and cars that ranged in value from $2 to $5.
Children were tested because they are harmed more from lead poisoning, and no widespread lead testing of children had ever been done in Santa Fe. The target age was children 6 and younger, but a few older children came to the clinic.
A team of 20 people - from doctors to nurses to nutritionists to academic researchers - worked at the clinic. A nurse fluent in the local language provided translation. Doctors and nurses provided consultations with mothers, explaining the need for more iron and calcium in their children's diet.
The Register also tested glazed pots from this village at the University of Texas, El Paso. The university did this for free. The testing, which involved putting a solution into the pots and testing the solution for lead, showed varied results. Some of the pots had little lead, while one pot showed lead levels at 190 parts per million. California sets its guideline for lead in candy at 0.2 ppm.
"I absolutely would not want a young child putting these items in his or her mouth," said Nicholas Pingitore, the environmental scientist who oversaw the pottery testing.
A sample of the powdered lead oxide called greta, used as a pottery glaze, was sent to Hayward-based Forensic Analytical for testing. The results show it was 60 percent lead.


text:
Alcoholic Drinks: Prices
Home Department
Diane Abbott (Shadow Minister (Public Health); Hackney North and Stoke Newington, Labour)
To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what her policy is on the introduction of a minimum price for alcohol.
James Brokenshire (The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department; Old Bexley and Sidcup, Conservative)
The Alcohol Strategy sets out the Government's commitment to introduce a minimum unit price for alcohol. We will consult on the level to be set for a minimum unit price in the forthcoming months.

subset: commoncrawl


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However you want to spend your evening, we can help, find information on dress codes, ticket prices, event details, Directions & more with our Denver NYE events guide. Now you can plan your evening and beat the rush to ensure you get to celebrate the way you want to this year. Live DJs and concerts are happening throughout Denver on New Year's Eve, and our list also provides information on where to order tickets if needed to ensure you get to the party you want. With so many options, our Denver guide will help you find whatever you're looking for, ensuring you have the New Years Eve of a lifetime.


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At times the European Gas Conference in Vienna felt more like a television dating gameshow than a humdrum industry get-together.
It is make-or-break-time for Europe's ambition to open up the so-called "Southern Corridor" – the bid to access alternative gas supplies in the Caspian region (which holds one quarter of the world's reserves) and thereby break the continent's dependency on Russian gas.
Rival bids
Companies developing Azerbaijan's Shah Deniz II gas field are due to finalise their allocation plans in the coming weeks.
With the clock ticking, the backers of rival European pipelines who convened this week in the Austrian capital were therefore keen to show themselves in the most flattering light.
The best-known of these projects is of course Nabucco – a 3900km, €7.9bn gas link that, in theory, could start bringing gas from the Caspian all the way to Vienna in 2015.
But smaller rival projects TAP (Trans-Adriatic pipeline – 10bcm-20bcm/yr), ITGI (Interconnector Turkey, Greece, Italy – 8bcm-12bcm/yr) are also in the running.
They argue that a shorter-route which makes use of existing infrastructure where possible (and upgrading it where necessary) would be more cost efficient.
(White Stream, another Caspian-EU gas pipeline project, routed via Georgia and under the Black Sea, sees itself as complementary to Nabucco)
Azeri gas pledge
Jose Manuel Barroso, European Commission president, returned from a visit to the Caspian earlier this month with a pledge from Ilham Aliyev, Azerbaijan's president, to supply "substantial volumes of gas" to Europe.
However, cynics said the agreement was a triumph of style over substance.
Moreover, only around 10bcm of Azeri gas is currently thought to be up for grabs – sufficient to supply the smaller Southern Corridor projects but far less than Nabucco's total 31bcm capacity.
The Nabucco consortium is therefore pinning its hopes on providing buyers with additional supplies from Turkmenistan and northern Iraq.
However, for a variety of technical and political reasons these are likely to take several more years to develop – a worry for the Azeris who will not wish to shoulder the whole burden.
"There's more gas [in the Caspian region] – the issue is when it can be made available," Kjetil Tungland, TAP's managing director, said.
Plea for unity
Nevertheless, many delegates were surprised when Joschka Fischer, former German foreign minister and an advisor RWE ( a member of the Nabucco consortium) made a plea to bring the various European Southern Corridor projects all under one roof.
"We have to try to integrate several European projects into one. There's a strong wish also in Brussels to do this, and I think this is doable," Fischer said. "One project – that's what I mean."
A Nabucco spokesman quickly poured cold water on the suggestion but not before conference-goers had raised a collective eyebrow amid doubts about where all the gas would come from to supply so many pipelines.
Fischer said it was vital that Europe opened the Southern Corridor because the battle for Caspian, central Asian and Middle Eastern gas was now "a competition between east and west".
Russian competition
But the various Southern Corridor projects are also in competition with Russia, whose proposed 63bcm/yr South Stream gas pipeline could one day bring more Russian gas to Europe via the Black Sea.
Critics say the project is designed chiefly to stymie Nabucco. In typically bullish form Fischer said that by definition South Stream was "not a European project" (although its consortium includes several European energy companies).
In response, Marcel Kramer, chief executive of South Stream, said its consortium simply desired a level playing field and audaciously invited conference-goers to the opening of his pipeline in 2015.
The next few weeks may determine whether he is forced to rescind that invitation.


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News & Media Archive
Club Atlético Vélez Sársfield to use STATS' SportVU Player Tracking Technology for Next Generation Player and Team Analysis; STATS announces expansion of its Global Network with New Operation based in South America
Buenos Aires, Argentina – May 20, 2013
STATS LLC, the global leader in sports information and technology, announced today that Club Atlético Vélez Sársfield will use the firm's innovative SportVU player tracking technology that produces high-end football data in real-time for the most in-depth level of scouting and coaching analysis.
STATS' collaboration with Club Atlético Vélez Sársfield is a key milestone in the launch of its new data collection and sales office in South America. "STATS is proud to extend its global network to Argentina and we could not be more excited that Club Atlético Vélez Sársfield, one of the most prestigious clubs in the world, will be our first SportVU partner in the region," said Gary Walrath, CEO at STATS.
SportVU utilizes a sophisticated technology to collect X, Y positioning data of the ball and participants (players and referees) within the playing field in real time. The technology is used by FIFA, UEFA, TV Globo and a host of flagship European soccer teams in addition to 15 NBA teams.
SportVU offers powerful lineup of unique performance data and analysis points, highlighting among other things speed profiles, accumulated distances, fatigue, fitness graphs and coverage maps. These player and team based insights allow Club Atlético Vélez Sársfield to measure performance data during matches and training sessions, providing the club a distinct advantage over its competition.
Nestor Bonillo, the lead fitness coach for Club Vélez commented: "We have several objectives to working with STATS' SportVU. The primary is to know in detail what happens in a professional soccer game from the physical point of view, such as distances, speeds, accelerations, decelerations, increases or decreases over time efforts, corroborate the physical and technical efficiency with our players. That same lens moves to the other categories of club football. The second objective is to develop more efficient workouts, which will enhance the performance of our players. Upon concluding our market research we decided to create an agreement with STATS, for the versatility of the product. Another key is STATS' ability to make changes to the information according to our needs."
Fernando Martinez, Managing Director of STATS South America, also commented: "With their investment in our SportVU system, Vélez will enjoy the unique ability to view instant displays of statistical performance data and analysis live on the pitch. They will be able to further refine their strategies and training methods as they continue to compete at the highest level in the world."
About STATS
STATS is the world's leading sports technology, data and content company. Our mission is to revolutionize the way sports contests are viewed, understood, played and enjoyed. STATS provides real-time scores, historical sports information, Associated Press editorial content, a turnkey fantasy sports operation, brand activation solutions and SportVU technology. STATS is headquartered in Chicago, IL with offices globally.


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Carol Price, L.Ac President
Shane Burras, L.Ac Vice President
Diana Vachon, L.Ac Secretary
Dianne Barclay, L.Ac Treasurer
Dalite Sancic, L.Ac Board Member
Josh Singer, L.Ac Board Member
The VTAA is a non-profit association, representing practitioners and consumers of Oriental Medical therapies including Acupuncture, Chinese Herbal Medicine, Asian Bodywork, Tai Chi and Qi Gong. As our health care system in Vermont faces ever-escalating costs, along with the epidemics of obesity, diabetes, asthma, and other chronic health care issues, we'd all benefit by educating Vermonters of the advantages of Oriental Medicine. Everyone agrees that solutions to this crisis need to focus on prevention, and the low cost treatment of chronic conditions. Oriental Medicine, because it doesn't rely so heavily on expensive high tech solutions, and due to its personalized care, stands out in each of these areas. Additionally, the market has validated the effectiveness and efficiency of Oriental Medicine. Let me explain further:
Oriental Medicine Excels at Prevention
Oriental Medicine survived for thousands of years in the Chinese culture where physicians were paid only when the patients were well. Talk about incentivizing prevention! You can imagine that acupuncturists became quite good at preventive medicine! Today, we know that early detection and education are two keys to prevention. Acupuncturists excel in these areas. In a climate where doctors are rushed and we suffer from a shortage of nurses, acupuncturists routinely spend at least an half hour with patients at every office visit. In addition to treating the main complaint, this enables us to explore underlying problems that are often warning flags for developing chronic health problems We also make the time to personalize education, addressing lifestyle issues that may be putting patients at risk for further problems
Effective Solutions for Chronic Conditions
Many of the conditions for which Oriental Medicine is most efficacious are chronic in nature. (For a list of conditions treated by acupuncture, click here.) Patients with chronic problems are bounced from specialist to specialist, receiving expensive high tech diagnostics. Many patients have already received tens of thousands of dollars of care, to later find that a small fraction of that spent on Oriental Medicine makes their problems manageable.
Efficient, Market-Tested Health Care
In an environment where very few Vermonters have health insurance policies which cover Oriental Medicine, practitioners survive and thrive because the work we do is effective from a cost-benefit perspective. We require fewer support staff than conventional doctors. Our malpractice premiums are very low, due to our excellent safety record. We're under constant pressure to achieve tangible results, because our patients' budgets are finite. Our new patients go everywhere else first, because it is paid for by their plan. Then, we have to show results in just a few visits or they give up. Even given this scenario, our profession has grown in leaps and bounds. Simply put, our patients would not continue to spend out-of-pocket monies if they weren't receiving something of value in return. Isn't that the ultimate test of value in the marketplace? The market, when unencumbered by over regulation or 3rd party payors, has ensured that the most efficient and effective product or service survives and thrives. Others should have access to this form of treatment. Acupuncture is growing rapidly in our state and the entire country. In fact, many other professionals, including chiropractors, podiatrists, dentists, and medical doctors are seeking to add it to their scopes of practice. (Unfortunately, often with very little training.) If acupuncturists were not effective and efficient, how else could we explain these trends?
Modern Research Validates Ancient Traditions
While practitioners and patients of Oriental Medicine see the beneficial results of our treatments each day, we support the need for high quality objective research which documents the efficacy of our work and assists us in identifying the best clinical practices. It is important that research be not only methodologically sound, but also reflective of the actual clinical practices they seek to evaluate. For example, well designed trials must include Oriental Medical pattern differentiation rather than blindly prescribed treatment protocols based on western medical diagnoses. Individualization is inherent to Oriental Medicine, and quality trials must include this in order to be relevant. We are pleased that the trend in research has been that the higher quality, larger trials are supporting the efficacy of acupuncture and other Oriental Medical modalities.
Let the VTAA work for you
Whether you are a veteran practitioner or a brand new patient, let the VTAA work for you.
We're working to:
Promote greater access to Oriental medicine through education and advocacy work targeted to consumers, employers, insurance companies, and political and governmental institutions.
Improve the quality of Oriental Medical care by educating consumers and professionals of the best clinical practices.
Protect patients' access to all forms of Oriental Medicine, and their right to receive it from a properly trained professional.
Remember, our advocacy can go only as far as our resources. We don't have any large corporations, drug companies, or insurance companies funding our efforts. We have only the individual contributions of supporters who know firsthand what Oriental Medicine can do. I would urge you to join us by becoming a member of the VTAA (click here to find out how).
Best Regards,
Brendan Kelly, L.Ac
President of the Vermont Acupuncture Association


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Important Information >>
By Tim Johnson
Tall and stately, this cupboard promises to be the focal point of any dining area. A functional wonder, it combines elegant display with spacious storage. For you as a builder, though, this cupboard is loaded with something quite different: advanced techniques that will challenge your woodworking skill. It has all the stuff to be your next dream project.
You'll be working wood on a grand scale. This cupboard is more than 7 ft. tall and nearly 5 ft. wide. You'll glue up boards to make all the wide cabinet pieces. You'll build the dovetailed drawers, raised-panel doors and divided-light doors. To top it off, you'll make your own crown molding.
You'll need a fully equipped shop to complete this project, along with dedication and determination. But if you accept the challenge, I guarantee you'll have the woodworking time of your life!
Carefully select 48 bd. ft. of 4/4 cherry for the two cabinets and 38 bd. ft. of 5/4 stock for the doors, base cabinet top and the crown molding. In addition, you'll need 16 bd. ft. of 4/4 hard maple for the drawer sides and support system and 75 bd. ft. of 4/4 pine for the shelves and back boards. I spent about $1,000 on lumber.
1. Glue up blanks for the cherry cabinet sides (A1, Fig. A, below) and the pine shelves (A2). Splined joints keep the faces aligned (Photo 1). Cut the sides to final dimensions (see Cutting List, below).
2. Rough-cut the decorative profiles on the bottoms of the sides and then rout the final profiles with a template (Fig. J, Detail 1, below).
3. Rout 1/4-in.-deep dadoes for the shelves (Fig C, below) with a straight bit and a jig (Photo 2). To prevent blowout at the end of the dadoes, the jig's rails should fit snugly over the base cabinet sides. Before routing each dado, fasten the jig in position by screwing it to the cabinet sides. Rout 1/4-in.-deep stopped dadoes for the drawer rails (A3). Make sure the front dado's bottom edge aligns with the back dado's top edge. Use the jig to rout the 1/4-in.-deep stopped rabbets for the top rails (A4), too. Rout the full-length 3/8-in.-deep rabbet on the back edge on the router table, using a fence and the straight bit.
4. Cut the pine shelves and maple rails to final dimensions. They're all the same length.
5. Rout a centered 1/4-in.-wide groove in the back edge of the front drawer rail.
6. Glue together the base cabinet, making sure the shelves, rails and sides are flush at the front. Use cauls on the shelves to apply pressure evenly all along the joints. Clamp 90-degree brackets in the corners to help keep this large cabinet square (Photo 3). After clamping the cabinet together, make sure it's still square by measuring diagonally; both diagonal measurements should be the same. Install both top rails (A4) when you clamp, but leave them unglued until the cabinet has been squared. Then glue and screw the front top rail. Screw the back rail in position, but leave it unglued so it can be removed.
Pocket-hole joinery is a great choice for this job (Photo 4). Biscuits are too large for all the narrow pieces, dowels aren't as accurate and mortise-and-tenon joinery takes too long. Pocket-holes are drilled on the back side of the face frame, so make sure to orient all of your pieces back side up.
7. Cut the face-frame stiles and rails to final dimensions. The outside stiles (B1) are 1/16-in. oversize in width, so the face frame is slightly wider than the cabinet. After the face frame is glued on, its overhanging edges are routed flush.
8. Drill pocket holes in the top rail (B2), drawer rail (B3), drawer stiles (B4) and door stile (B5).
9. Rout stopped, centered slots for splines in the bottom rail (B6) and in the outside stiles (Photo 4, inset). Splines are a better choice here than pocket screws, because you'll rout through these joints when you shape the face frame's curved profile.
10. Glue and clamp the splined joints. Then fasten the rest of the face-frame pieces with pocket screws. Measure the diagonals to make sure the face frame is square.
11. Rout the decorative bottom profile (Fig. J, Detail 2, below). You'll have to rout against the grain during a portion of each pass, so tear-out may occur (Photo 5). After routing, finish cutting the profile's center point with a chisel or file.
12. Glue the face frame onto the cabinet. Make sure the top edges of the face-frame rails (B2, B3 and B6) are flush with the cabinet rails (A3 and A4) and the bottom fixed shelf (A2). Equalize the overhang on both sides. Tack the frame with a couple brads so it stays in place when you apply the clamps. After the glue has dried, remove the clamps and trim the face frame stiles flush with the cabinet sides.
13. Glue on the shelf support (B7).
14. Remove the cabinet's back top rail for access. Cut centered tongues on the front edges of the maple drawer supports (A5). Test-fit the supports in the grooved front drawer rail: Their faces must be flush for the drawers to slide smoothly. Cut centered slots in the back edges, to allow for seasonal movement (Photo 6). Install the drawer supports.
15. Glue and clamp the maple drawer guides (A6, Fig. A; Photo 7) and then fasten the back top rail to the cabinet with glue and screws. Install the maple kickers (A7). They're slotted at the back, like the drawer supports, to allow seasonal movement. Butt the kickers behind the face frame and glue and screw them to the top rail. Fasten them to the back top rail with screws and washers.
16. Glue together boards for the top (C), using splines for alignment. If you don't want the splines to show on the ends, simply rout stopped grooves and cut the splines to fit. Cut the top to final dimensions.
17. Rout the top's edge profile (Fig. A, Detail 1) with a 1/2-in.-radius half-round bit (see Sources, below) and an edge guide installed on your router.
18. Rout the 1/4 -in.-radius ogee trim molding profile (see Sources) on wide 3/4-in.-thick blanks. Cut the front trim (C1) and side trim pieces (C2) and the thinner top back trim piece (C3) as offcuts from these blanks.
19. Fasten the top to the cabinet with screws through countersunk holes in the top rails and a couple of metal tabletop fasteners (see Sources) in the sides. Rout slots in the cabinet sides for these fasteners.
20. Miter the front trim to fit and glue it on. Then miter and attach the side trim. Glue the miter and about the first 4 in. of the molding. Nail it at the back to allow the seasonal movement of the cabinet top and sides.
Shiplapped boards disguise seasonal movement by overlapping, so gaps don't appear between boards during dry seasons (Fig. E, below).
21. Cut the pine back boards to final dimensions. The outside back boards (A8 and A9) are different widths to center the back's pattern when it's viewed from the front of the cabinet.
22. Rabbet the back face of the left side back board (A8). Rabbet the front face of the right side back board (A9). Rabbet both faces of the inside boards (A10). Drill countersunk holes for screws. Cut the angled feet on the outside boards.
23. Lay the cabinet on its face and fit the boards. Work from one edge to the other, using spacers to create even overlaps between boards (Photo 8). Make adjustments, either by changing the thickness of the spacers or the width of the two outside boards, until all the boards fit. Then fasten the boards with countersunk screws. Add rigidity to the cabinet by gluing the outside boards in the rabbets.
The doors feature raised panels and haunched mortise-and- tenon joinery (Fig. F, below). Their outer edges are lipped, so the doors overlay the openings in the cabinet.
24. Saw centered grooves in the inside edges of the stiles (D1) and rails (D2).
25. Cut mortises in the stiles (Photo 9).
26. Saw tenons on the rails (Photo 10). Adjust the height of the dado until one pass on each face creates a tenon of the proper thickness. Saw out the haunches on the bandsaw.
27. Raise the panel (D3) on your router table with a panel-raising bit (see Sources, below). Then rabbet the back (Photo 11).
28. Glue the doors together after assembling them without glue to test the fit. Brush glue into the mortises and onto the tenons. Don't glue the panel. It must be free to expand and contract inside the frame. To make sure my panels don't get stuck, I always finish them prior to assembly. I also wax the edges, so any glue that happens to squeeze into the panel grooves during glue-up won't stick.
29. Round-over the doors' front edges with a 1/4-in.- radius bit. Then rabbet the back edges on three sides (Photo 12). Don't rabbet the hinge stile.
30. Cut hinge mortises in the doors. Then position the doors on the cabinet so you can transfer the mortise locations to the face frame (Photo 13). Cut these mortises, install the hinges and mount the doors. Note: Because of their overlay style and the use of traditional butt hinges, the doors swing open slightly less than 180 degrees.
31. Mark locations for the knobs (D4; see Sources, below) and drill holes for the screws.
The drawer fronts (E1 and E2) are rounded-over at a 1/4-in. radius and lipped 3/8 in. on top and 1/4 in. on the ends, so they cover the openings. The bottoms aren't lipped. The drawers fit inside the openings with 1/16-in. width and 1/8-in. height tolerances. The knobs (E3; see Sources) are centered in the drawer fronts.
The maple drawer sides (E4) and backs (E5 and E6) are sized for machine-cut dovetails, with three-quarter pins at the top and bottom (Fig. H, at right). The plywood drawer bottoms (E7 and E8) fit in grooves centered in one of the dovetails, so they're hidden.
The fact is, you don't have to use a jig to make the drawers. In the 19th century, drawers in cabinets like this one were often hand-dovetailed, but just as often, they were simply butted and nailed. That means you can choose the drawer joinery method that suits your taste and skill level. To make drawers, all you really need to know are the size of the drawer fronts and the size and depth of the drawer openings.
The top cabinet is constructed the same way as the base, with shelves (F1 and F2, Fig. D, below) glued into dadoes and rabbets in the sides (F3). A face frame (F4 through F7) is glued to the front, supports (F8) are glued under the shelves and shiplapped boards (F9 through F12) are screwed to the back. The back shows on this cabinet, so I used wide and narrow boards for visual interest. The top shelf is rabbeted, like the sides, to house the back boards.
These handsome doors feature mortise-and-tenon construction that's modified to incorporate multiple individual panes of glass (Photo 14). In the old days, this complicated joinery was done by hand. Today, special router bit sets make the job easier.
Building these doors is in itself an advanced project, so we've devoted an entire story to show you exactly how to make them. Most of the work is done on the router table, but you also have to chop mortises. For complete how-to instructions, click here to download them. The dimensions for the glass openings (Fig. G, below) and for the door parts (G1 through G5) are dedicated to the same Freud router bit set (see Sources, below).
32. After gluing the door frames together, round-over the edges and rout lips on three sides, as you did on the solid panel doors on the base cabinet. Similarly, chop the hinge mortises, install the hinges and mount the doors. Then mark and drill screw holes for the knobs (G6).
33. Remove the doors. Install the glass panes and retainers (G7) after you've applied the finish.
The crown molding consists of three separate moldings (H1 through H3) that are glued together (Fig D, Detail 1, below). This molding mounts on its own web frame, which is then attached to the cabinet. If the molding were directly attached to the cabinet, seasonal movement would eventually break open the miter joints.
34. Rout the 21/64-in.-radius ogee (see Sources, below right) and 1/2-in.-radius half-round profiles for the base (H1) and cap moldings (H2) on opposite sides of a wide blank. Then rip the finished moldings (oriented as offcuts) from the blank.
35. To make the cove molding (H3), start by drawing the cove profile (Fig. D, Detail 2, below) on both ends of a 3-1/4-in.-wide test blank. The profile is offset to one side, so make sure it's oriented the same way on each end. Draw vertical lines to mark the start and end of the cove. Mark one as line A.
36. Unplug the saw. Set the blade height at the depth of the cove, 5/16 in.
37. Set your miter gauge at a 37-degree angle to the blade and install a long, straight fence.
38. Adjust the fence's position by moving the miter gauge forward or back. Hold the blank against the fence and use line A (Fig. D, Detail 2) as a guide for positioning. When line A intersects the point where the blade enters the throat plate, clamp the fence to the saw table.
39. Install a featherboard to keep the blank from wandering away from the fence as you make the cut. Lower the blade to 1/16-in. exposure and cut a test cove to familiarize yourself with the process. Then cut the coves (Photo 15).
40. Saw the cove's beveled edges at 34-degree angles (Photo 16). Orient the blank cove face up for both cuts. Save the larger beveled offcut. Handle the beveled cove molding carefully; its top edge is fragile.
41. Use the beveled offcut to glue the ogee-profile base to the cove (Photo 17). The cap glues on easily with spring clamps only. Sand the molding to remove the saw marks.
42. Build the maple web frame (H4 and H5). This frame isn't glued to the cabinet, so tongue-and-groove joinery is better than pocket holes. The frame is slightly longer than the cabinet, so the lipped molding will drop easily over the sides.
43. Fit the front crown molding (H) to the frame by mitering the corners. Then glue it on, using rabbeted spacers to create a uniform 1/4-in. overhang (Photo 18).
44. Miter and fit the side moldings (HH). Then glue them on. Fit and install the brackets (H6).
45. Screw the crown assembly onto the top cabinet.
46. Make two stays (A11) to fasten the cabinets together. Position the top cabinet on the bottom cabinet so you can mark and drill countersunk screw holes on the stays. The screws go into two shelves in the top cabinet and both rails and one shelf in the bottom cabinet.
47. If necessary, install the top trim molding (C3) to cover the joint between the back boards of the top cabinet and the top of the bottom cabinet.
The only finishing mistake you can make with cherry is to stain it. Cherry ages to a beautiful deep color with just about any finish, so it doesn't need stain. Just give it time. For appearance, long life and durability, I prefer a surface finish, like shellac or lacquer. Cherry will age faster with an oil finish; however, an oil finish enhances cherry's unpredictable figure, which can appear mottled or even blotchy. Surface finishes minimize this figure.
Leave the pine interior unfinished and a fresh scent will fill the air whenever you open the cabinet doors.
Click any image to view a larger version.
1. Start by gluing up the cabinet sides. Splines keep the boards aligned, so the joints will be flush on the glued up surface.
2. Rout dadoes in the sides to support the shelves and rails. You can't go wrong when you use this shop-made jig (see Fig. B., below).
3. Glue the base cabinet together on a flat surface. To square the cabinet, clamp shop-made 90-degree brackets in the corners before you tighten the bar clamps.
4. Assemble the face frame with pocket-hole joinery. This method is fast and easy. You drill holes with a dedicated jig, clamp the pieces together and fasten them with special screws. The joinery is hidden, because it's on the back of the frame.
Assemble the face frame's bottom corners with splines so you won't have to worry about hitting a screw when you rout the decorative cutout.
5. Rout the decorative cutout with a template and a flushtrim bit. You have to rout against the grain during this operation. To minimize tear-out, rough-saw the profile to within 1/16 in. of the pattern line, so you can make a light pass. Dampen the wood before routing and use a large diameter bit (see Sources, below).
6. Attach the drawer supports. Glue the tongue-and-groove joints at the front. Secure the backs with screws and washers through the slots. This assembly method accommodates seasonal movement that occurs in the cabinet's solid wood sides and shelves.
7. Install drawer guides and kickers so the drawers track smoothly. Guides limit side play. They must be flush with the edges of the openings, perpendicular to the face frame and parallel to each other. Kickers keep the drawer from tipping when it's opened.
8. Build the back from boards with overlapping rabbets. These overlay joints are called shiplaps. Work from one end to the other, using spacers to maintain even gaps between boards. Plane or rip the last board to fit.
9. Build the raised-panel doors. Cut mortises in the stiles, using the groove to guide the mortising chisel. Keep the stile firmly in position by clamping a fence in front.
10. Cut tenons on the door rails using a dado set and the miter gauge. Install a fence and stop block. The fence controls tear-out and the stop block determines the tenon's length.
11. Rabbet the back of the door panel. By adjusting the bit's height, you'll make tongues that exactly fit the grooves in the stiles and rails.
12. Rabbet the doors to create lipped edges. Lipped doors are easier to install than inset doors because they hide all the gaps. In the 19th century, lipped doors were used on cupboards like this one to keep out mice.
13. Transfer the hinge mortise locations from the doors to the cabinet. Use a straightedge to align the doors and center them in the openings.
14. Build frames for the glazed doors. You'll need a specialized router bit set (see Sources, below) and a router table. For complete how-to instructions, see "Divided-Light Doors."
15. Build the crown molding in three sections. Create the middle cove section by passing the cove blank over the tablesaw blade at an angle, using a fence set at 37 degrees. Fastening the fence to the miter gauge makes it easy to set this angle. Cut the cove by making light passes, raising the blade in 1/16-in. increments.
16. Saw the edges of the cove section at 34-degree angles. After making the first cut, reposition the fence on the other side of the blade to make the second cut.
17. Glue the crown molding together in stages. Clamping a beveled offcut to the back of the cove makes it easy to glue and clamp the ogee. Orient the two sections by keeping them flush at the back.
18. Glue the crown molding onto its own web frame. Rabbeted spacers align the molding and assure a uniform lip. When the crown is installed, the lipped molding covers the joint between the frame and the cabinet.
Graceful curves, a wide stance and prominent crown molding reflect this cupboard's Pennsylvania heritage, where similar pieces have been built for more than 200 years. Other Pennsylvania design cues include the step-back style with glazed doors over an open sill and the three drawers banked over a pair of raised-panel doors in the base.
Note: Product availability and prices are subject to change.
Smith Woodworks & Design, niceknobs.com, 908-832-2723, 1-1/4-in.-dia. cherry knob, #K92 114; 1-1/2-in.-dia. cherry knob, #K92 112.
Freud Tools, freudtools.com, 800-334- 4107, 21/64-in.-radius ogee bit, #99-006; 1/4-in.- radius ogee bit, #38-154; 1-in. top-bearing flush-trim bit, #50-112; 1-in. half-round bit, #82-118; Beveled-profile panel-raising bit, #99-516; Divided-light cabinet door bit set, #99-270.
Woodworker's Hardware, wwhardware.com, 800-383-0130, Tabletop fasteners, #KV0324 STL; Double-roller catches, #LA1910 AC; 2-in. butt hinges, SP1295 BP219.
This story originally appeared in American Woodworker July 2005, issue #115.
July 2005, issue #115
Purchase this back issue.


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This time Art Pit presents you a shouting Italian artist and illustrator. After his works caught my attention I immediately realized that he is one of my favorites from now on. Unique retro motives in almost every picture of A. Gottardo definitely appealed to me. Muddy pastel colours and imitation of spoilages – everything seems so warm and pleasant that it brings some sort of nostalgic feelings.
Pseudonym "Shout" was created when he left one unnamable company which was known for suffocating creativity. So, after leaving his boss A. Gottardo shouted out loud and his voice was heard globally. Now he works with such giants as The New York Times, The Guardian or Penguin Books.
Gottardo's book covers remind posters and past century's book lay out tendencies. What's more, minimal use of colours in wide areas is especially effective.
To put it briefly, Alessandro's works are definitely masterful. They give you a strange feeling of both dismay and serenity but at the same time leave a huge impression.


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Using C3d 2013. I could not find this information anywhere in tutorials, discussion boards, or blogs.
Specifically, I am looking for a way to place the deflection angle of the PI of an Alignment in the label of a structure part that references said alignment. But PIs aren't an option when I select Reference Text type. Common sense tells me it would be under Alignments, but none of the PI data is an option of the Contents' Text Component Editor. I couldn't find it under any of the other Reference Text types either. I can pull the station value from the referenced alignment, is there a way to get it to tell me the deflection angle at the PI it sits on? Or even the difference in the instantaneous direction just before and just after the part?
I know listing the deflection angle of a PI is possible, as I have seen it in several examples of labeling alignments. I just want to place it in the label of other objects.
An added bonus to who can tell me how to display LT (to represent left) and RT (to represent right) when the deflection is positive or negative respectively.
Sounds like its time for an expression
Ok... A little guidance on what the expression would look like and pointing to the documentation on how it's implemented would be beneficial. I'm not familiar with how CAD does expressions.
After further review Delta is and OOTB parameter for alignment labels.
As for expressionsn the settings tab inside most label styles the bottom node is expressions. Here you can create pretty much any mathmatical operation on the data of a given c3d object. You could create 2 label components for left or right. using an if statement for plus or minus you can set the label height to zero for one condition and plot height for another condition ther by controling which side actually plots
Well we're starting to get somewhere, but from the documentation I've read, C3D labels only recognize expressions of the entity (or sub entity) you are wanting labeled (i.e. Alignment labels can only recognize expressions of Major Stations, Minor Stations... Station Offsets, Lines, Curve, Spirals... or any of the Expressions listed under the Alignment folder in the settings tab).
I want a pipe network part to display the alignment expression.
atklump, You have commited a DG no no. you have double posted
I answered that question in you MTEXT field post
Technically the two posts started referencing two completely different things (mtext fields in one and C3D labels in the other)... one just strayed into the others territory. Sorry, though... I am new to the discussion group community.
I'd still like to know how to do it as mtext with fields, if it can be done.
You'll catch on. we were all new at some point.
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My name is Nick Elmer and I'm a developer on the Backup Exec Install Team. I started with the company over 13 years ago in support(during the Seagate Software days), then I spent a few years after that in our quality assurance team(during the VERITAS Software days), and finally, I transitioned into a developer role. I spend time these days working on the DVD Browser, DVD media, Cluster Wizard, Install Dialogs, Push Install, and various other install related items. My best strengths are security, networking and writing secure code. I enjoy what I do immensely!
In the upcoming weeks, I will be posting occasional blogs on install related topics for Backup Exec. If you have items you would like me to cover, feel free to contact me with those topics, and I'll address them the best I can. Some of the topics I hope to cover would be:
How Backup Exec 2010 R2 improves the upgrade experience.
How your participation in the user experience program is helping make the install more reliable.
How we improved the DVD Browser in 2010 to provide a best practices approach.
I look forward to sharing this information with you, and the discussions that will follow.
Thanks for your time,


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For every success like D'Aquanni's, another entrepreneur is losing critical momentum because of scarce capital. Case in point: John Acosta, whose business is stalled despite early success with his product, a garage door opener that clips onto motorcycles. The roofing contractor has invested nearly $30,000 in the business since 1998, and needs more than $100,000 to fine-tune the product. Thus far, he has sold more than $50,000 of the $40 garage door opener, primarily through magazine ads, his Web site and motorcycle events. He is now focused on finding an investor despite having been told that his $100,000 funding request is too small.
Advice from the financial community has ranged from selling the company to giving control to a distributor. Neither is an option, says Acosta, 37, whose business, Jolly Technologies, is in Yorba Linda, California: "I don't want to relinquish power. I want to make this company work." Potential investors have expressed concern that he is too involved in every aspect of the business, from product development to maintaining his Web site. "They want everyone in the company to have resumes they can look at," he says. "And people like to see location."
Location does matter. Whether you have an actual business location generally factors into any funding decision. As a result, homebased firms already have a strike against them: Banks find them difficult to lend to because of their lack of assets. "[Banks] don't laugh themselves off the chair like they used to, because there are now enough successful homebased businesses that they see these are credible operations," says Oakland, Maryland, homebased-business advocate and speaker Beverley Williams. "But they are still locked into the traditional [mind-set] that it takes so much paperwork and administrative cost to process a loan that you need to have it big enough to make it worth the effort." Consequently, homebased entrepreneurs like Acosta rely on personal savings accounts or credit card debt for financing.
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When business loans aren't obtainable, homebased firms often rely on home equity loans for financing. Williams' business partner recently closed two retirement accounts to fund his entrepreneurial venture. "[You need a] willingness to give up things, even to sell some assets, to obtain funding," says Tom McCabe, director of the Nebraska Business Development Center in Omaha. He preaches persistence. While the deck may seem stacked against them, entrepreneurs may ultimately find a lender willing to champion their small-business cause, he says. If that leads nowhere, creative options, such as bartering, personal loans, strategic alliances and even customer and vendor financing, may be the answer.
Get What You Can |
From buying used equipment to enticing customers to pay early, the ability to barter and bootstrap your way to savings may mean the difference between your company's survival and its downfall. "Making yourself open to creating relationships with a variety of possible resource holders is not a bad strategy," explains Michael Stouder, assistant professor of strategy and entrepreneurship at the University of Michigan at Flint. For instance, a lawn-care service in need of storage may strike a deal with a warehouse in return for cutting its grass. Business owners, Stouder says, are limited only by their imaginations and their negotiating skills. "It's not a matter of writing contracts with faceless organizations; entrepreneurship is a relational activity," he adds. Extend creative deal-making to your customers. Demand payment in advance and offer incentives, such as free delivery, to persuade clients to settle accounts early. Some entrepreneurs, in contrast, delay paying suppliers and creditors. "People push it right into the collections department before it goes into delinquency to get as much mileage out of it as they can," says Stouder. "If they were doing everything on the up and up, they might not survive." |
Like this article? Get this issue right now on iPad, Nook or Kindle Fire.
This article was originally published in the March 2003 print edition of Entrepreneur with the headline: Out on a Limb.


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Memories of Rylee
You have given us so much in your lifetime,,,You can never be forgotten,,,You will live forever in our hearts Dec 25,2008 We came home and found you in the backyard. You had already passed and your sister Raven was beside you, protecting you I'm sure. I know your legs were weak, and I think you may have been sick. I pray that you weren't in much pain. I know you went peacefully, while you were waiting for us to come home from Christmas stuff. You were never alone, not for a minute. There was never a time we couldn't wait to come home so you could show us that you missed us. You were always so happy to see us. You made our house a home, and seemed to complete our family. I could not bear to let you stay there and brought you to the doctor. A small part of you will return, but your Soul will live forever in our hearts. You will have many new friends to play with and you will protect them as you did us. Grandma Gorman will like to see you, so give her some lovin for me will ya? Dec 29, 2008 We miss you so much. Your vet's office sent a card with the RainbowsBridge poem. Somehow I found this place for you. We remembered you in the Candle Ceremony. There hasn't been a sound, or a place at home that I think your still here. I found your collar, the one you hated. We went through our photos and you are in almost every one of the them, especially the ones with Stephanie, Hailey and Ryan. They miss you too. Raven and Angel are also remembering you it seems. Mommy and I are heartbroken. We hope that God's gift to you was the RainbowBridge. Your candles are lit and the light is soft. I remember you as you always were, looking to bring smiles and fun to me when I needed them the most. Thank You for being a part of our family. Jan 1, 2009, Happy New Year,,Can you hear the neighbor's fireworks from Heaven? They can't scare you anymore.Still tryin buddy,,,still tryin...It's never going to the same without you, but we will rely on your memories and trust your spirit to guide us. Dec 25, 2009 We came home and couldn't stop thinking of you all day. Knowing that you wouldn't be here when we came home was very difficult. This last year was very hard. The pain eased and faith in God saw us through and we realized that every time we thought of you, it was your spirit visiting us and telling us you were in a nice place and that you are only a thought away. Raven is doin well and your nephew Myles, is a good boy. He is so much like you in many ways. He was at the door waiting to greet us, just like you did. We all miss you very much. Dec 25,2010 Hey buddy, There isn't a day that goes by that I don't see a little of your spirit in Myles. He is a good boy, and he and Raven are each others keeper and partners in crime. I miss you, and will never forget you. When we went to the place where you were born, Faraway Farms to be chosen by Myles, I brought your ashes and sprinkled them on a near a group of trees in the meadow. I wanted you to be close to home. Your always in our hearts, Merry Christmas. Stephanie, Hailey Ryan and Mommy also miss you. Dec 25,2013 Sitting here at home, With a new soul for you to protect, Stephanie Had a baby boy, Hunter James. I am sure you would be all over protecting him like you did Hailey and Ryan. Still missing you and Mom terribly. I will never forget you and what you meant to me. Love You,,,Merry Christmas. |
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Rylee's People Parent(s), Rich, would appreciate knowing you have visited their Rylee's Memorial Residency.
Give a gift renewal of Rylee's residency (by Credit Card, or PayPal) |
Rainbow Bridge Guardian Area | Frequently Asked Questions About Caring for a Pet Memorial | |
Rainbow Bridge was inspired by and is dedicated to FiFi
Visit the Human side of Rainbow Bridge - BelovedHearts.com


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During last night's "Dancing with the Stars" season finale, Miley performed "Fly on the Wall" wearing a red glove that covered only her fingers. Apparently the recession has left her unable to afford a whole glove, let alone an entire pair. Or perhaps the finger glove is an offshoot of the gling trend Beyonce's been trying to start. Keep reading to watch Miley's performance… Keep reading »
Zergnet: Simply Irresistible
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New Anderson University Adult Programs Gain AccreditationOpen House for Adult Programs to be held August 25, 2009, at 6pm
Five new Anderson University programs have gained accreditation, paving the way for classes to begin in August. The programs include a Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT), Master of Ministry (M.Min.), Bachelor of Human Services, Bachelor of Liberal Studies, and the Command College of South Carolina (Criminal Justice).
Of the accreditation of the MAT program, Dr. Ray Locy, dean of the College of Education stated, "The College of Education at Anderson University is enthusiastic about offering this initial teacher certification program in elementary education to career changers who want to make a difference in South Carolina's elementary school classrooms. This program will provide an alternative to those with an undergraduate degree who are dissatisfied in their present work situation or simply aspire to begin a satisfying career in a field that offers expanding employment opportunities."
George Ducworth, Director and Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Anderson, expressed his enthusiasm over the accreditation of the Command College. "I am very pleased that the Command College of South Carolina at Anderson University has received its accreditation in time to begin classes this fall. This program should fulfill the need for advanced education for criminal justice executives in South Carolina. The curriculum is intended to provide intensive exposure to relevant graduate-level material that is specifically engineered for professionals in management positions in the criminal justice field."
The two undergraduate degrees in Liberal Studies and Human Services are already fully accredited programs offered in the ACCEL Evening Program beginning last year. The new accreditation makes possible the online delivery of the course curricula, something in ever increasing demand for working adults.
An Open House will be held on August 25, 2009 at 6pm at AU's Thrift Library. It will provide additional information on the MAT program and the Command College, as well as the ACCEL adult evening degree program and graduate degrees including the MBA, Master of Ministry, Master of Education/Administration and Supervision, and Master of Education. For additional information, visit www.andersonuniversity.edu. Pre-registration for the open house is requested due to limited seating.
Anderson University is a comprehensive university affiliated with the South Carolina Baptist Convention offering bachelor's and master's degrees. Anderson is ranked in the Top Tier (top 34) of colleges and universities in the South by U. S. News & World Report. It was also recently among the top 11 Southern universities whose graduates accumulate the least amount of educational debt and one of "Americas 100 Best College Buys." Located in the Upstate region of South Carolina near the foothills of the Appalachians, Anderson University features a rigorous education in a supportive Christian environment.


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Online Sales Request Form
Online Sales Application
This is how we make up our stock numbers to identify the unit status for us and also for our valued customers. We take the last four digits of the vehicle information number (vin) and place as a prefix the class of vehicle and the suffix is the status of the vehicle.
Example WC1719R Winnebago Chalet (last 4 of the vin) then it is a Rental
S = Special factory order I = Incoming from factory H = It is here on the lot R = Active rental unit C = Consignment for sale CR= Consignment for rent
We try to make your RV experience as easy as possible by allowing you to understand our inventory stock numbering system. If looking to rent or purchase a rental unit please contact us in advance to ensure that it is here for you to view. Your option is to "Try B-4 You Buy" and be sure that this RV suits your needs and let us get you set up enjoying the RV lifestyle.
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Baltimore Jewish Times
• Published weekly on Friday
• More than 45,000 weekly readers
• 70% female audience
• Average household income of $153,830
• Average home value of $468,000
• Highly desirable paid subscriber base
• Award-winning journalism
• In continuous print since 1919
The Baltimore Jewish Times was contemporary, relevant and essential reading for local Jewish families when it was founded in 1919. In nearly a century since, those families and their lives have changed, and so has the Jewish Times. Now we're proud to introduce the new JT – still filled with important news and engaging features for and about Jewish Baltimore, but with the color, sophistication, usefulness and convenience today's busy and demanding readers expect.
We wouldn't make such bold changes to an institution that's been around nearly a century without doing our homework. Reader input and demographic research drove the choices we've made in designing the new JT. The extensive decennial community study conducted in 2011 by Baltimore's Associated Jewish Charities provided important insights into the current priorities, interests and concerns of local Jewish readers.
In our own research, we asked readers and non-readers to tell us what was most appealing – and what was missing – in the Jewish Times, leading us to improve some familiar features (Torah Portion, Besherts, food and recipe coverage) and introduce or expand others (Green Living, parenting, travel and local business briefs, among others). We've expanded our news staff and editorial vision to showcase fresh voices and some of the market's most celebrated writers. The design team that's worked all year on the new format includes the fresh vision of innovative young artists as well as the input and experience of our award-winning veteran magazine art directors.


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With massive growth taking place in the real estate industry, how can China develop a free market and private ownership of land while still officially subscribing to Communist ideology? This study uses fieldwork interviews to establish how the Chinese real estate market operates in practice from both legal and business perspectives. It describes how the market functions, which laws are applicable and how they are applied, and how a nation can achieve dramatic economic growth so rapidly while its legal system is so unsettled. The book demonstrates how China is drawing on the world for ideas while retaining a domestic system that remains essentially Chinese, and how the recent revitalization of China's real estate market has confounded the predictions of many developments economists.
Contents: Part I Introduction: The excitement of modern China; Contrasting China with the West: background history, preliminary observations and conclusions. Part II The Operation of China's Real Estate Market: The land use right: owning the right to use land without owning the land; Ownership entities: who owns land and how do they own it?; Choosing where to build: the private market and government pressure; Demolishing existing structures, relocating current residents; Lenders and loans: where does all the money come from?; Preselling and reselling of residential units; Commercial construction and commercial leasing; Infrastructure: building and paying for roads, bridges, subways, and airports. Part III Law and Development in China: China's other 'other path': confounding the predictions of development economics; Harmonizing law and development theory with China's actual progress. Part IV Conclusion: Will the miracle continue?; Index.
About the Author: Gregory M. Stein is the Woolf, McClane, Bright, Allen & Carpenter Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Tennessee College of Law, where he specializes in property law. His publications include A Practical Guide to Commercial Real Estate Transactions: From Contract to Closing (American Bar Association, 2001, 2nd edition 2008).
Reviews: 'Modern Chinese Real Estate Law is an important examination of the developing real estate market in transitional China. It pays particular attention to law in action in a country with considerable legal uncertainties and is a valuable contribution to the literature.'Guanghua Yu, University of Hong Kong'This book provides readers with a clear roadmap to understand the Chinese real estate law environment and to look into the 'miracle' of China's development and potential future problems. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the booming Chinese real estate market and law and offers an objective observation of the real estate regime in China.'Mo Zhang, Temple University, USA'Ask your law librarian for a copy! This is a significant look at an important subject…' PropertyProf blog'The book reads easily, and despite the title, it does not really require a legal background to understand, and so should be of interest to anyone interested in the Chinese Real Estate market, or even in the Chinese economy in general.'ChinaLawBlog
Gregory M Stein has a profile page
Extracts from this title are available to view: Full contents list Chapter 1 - The excitement of modern China Index


text: Studio Apprenticeships & pro Courses - 2014-2015 Enrolling open now for Sept 2014 limited places and 2 years free training for 16-18 & a special focus for 19+ individuals. No Exams required. Apply online 24/7 - SMS/text 07824 600792 -or join us - www.twitter.com/deepfeed e: firstname.lastname@example.com Latest Fees updates on each course - Level 1 - Level 2 - Level 3 - All deep pro audio FE studio technology courses are regularly reviewed, approved and endorsed by the Joint Audio Media Educational Services (JAMES) JAMES is the highly respected working professionals educational wing of both the MPG and the APRS. Sir.George Martin is the patron of JAMES. We pre train young people into our JAMES approved studio apprenticeship program directly with industry employers. |


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Pumpkin and Squash
(8 Recipes) Created by HOJISCOTT
Recipes in this Collection
This recipe has been marked private.
Yum! You've probably never had soup like this before, but we bet you'll be coming back for more. Carbs: 22.7g | Fat: 4.3g | Fiber: 4.1g | Protein: 10.1g | Calories: 164.8
The original Butternut Squash Casserole was submitted by BUCKEYEGIRL45 Submitted by ALLIZBER Carbs: 23g | Fat: 7.6g | Fiber: 3.4g | Protein: 6.6g | Calories: 190.2
Good 3.9/5
(10 ratings)
Exotic, ethnic taste, low fat, high fiber. Can be made in crockpot! Submitted by DOGWLKER Carbs: 28.9g | Fat: 1g | Fiber: 8g | Protein: 6.7g | Calories: 136.6
(no ratings)
Use any vegetables you like, but pumpkin and potato are a must. I've listed the vegetables that were in my fridge at the time I made the recipe. Use the type of seasonings that you like. Fresh herbs would be very good, but not available where I am. Can be made in a crockpot too. Submitted by MAREN_MN Carbs: 31.2g | Fat: 7.3g | Fiber: 4.6g | Protein: 8.3g | Calories: 205.3
(no ratings)
Submitted by MALISA3 Carbs: 32.5g | Fat: 5.5g | Fiber: 1.7g | Protein: 1.7g | Calories: 176.8
(no ratings)
Submitted by HOJISCOTT Carbs: 13.5g | Fat: 7.7g | Fiber: 4.9g | Protein: 13.1g | Calories: 301.2
(no ratings)
Submitted by HOJISCOTT Carbs: 27.5g | Fat: 0.3g | Fiber: 1.3g | Protein: 2.7g | Calories: 126.1