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Calutron is a type of mass spectrometer used in the Manhattan Project. It was developed by Ernest Lawrence to separate uranium isotopes via magnets. Calutron magnetic separation was effective but was later replaced with the gaseous-diffusion method, which was more efficient.
CEC 21-101 is one of the earliest commercial mass spectrometers. First introduced in December 1942 and installed in the Atlantic Refining Company in Philadelphia in early 1943, the 21-101 allowed chemists, engineers, and physicists to measure up to mass 72 and up to a five-carbon-atom chain. Remarkably these spectra took only 20 minutes to obtain. Subsequent CEC instruments (21-102 and 21-103, for example) corrected many of the original problems with the 21-101 and made the complex mathematical analyses simpler. Many of these improvements were made at the suggestion of users via the CEC User's Group Meetings held in Pasadena, California, and through correspondence with CEC mathematician Sibyl Rock.
Chemical ionization is a type of ionization that happens as the direct result of a chemical reaction between an ionized gas and a neutral compound. Burnaby Munson and Frank Field developed these techniques in the 1960s.
Cyclotron is a particle accelerator that works by using the magnetic force on a moving charge to bend those charges into a semicircular path between accelerations by an applied electric field. Electrons are accelerated between the "dees" (D-shaped regions) of the magnetic field region. The field is reversed to accelerated electrons back across the gap. While many were working on cyclotron-like technology at the time, Ernest Lawrence is credited with inventing, improving, and manufacturing the cyclotron, beginning in 1929. The cyclotron was the first particle accelerator to achieve high-energy beams and was used for decades as the source of those beams for nuclear physics experiments.
Electron ionization is a type of ionization wherein the gaseous compound to be analyzed is bombarded with electrons.
Electrospray ionization is an ionization process that works by spraying a sample solution through a conducting capillary tube at high potential and into a chamber. This sprayed solution creates droplets that carry a charge, and those droplets gradually get smaller. Because the droplets maintain their charge, an instability occurs that leads to the expulsion of highly charged ions of the sample molecules.
FTMS (Fourier transform mass spectrometry) is a mathematical operation that converts mass spectral data into easier-to-read mass-to-charge ratios sine waves; m/z is determined via the cyclotron frequency of the ions.
GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) is done via a hybrid instrument, a gas chromatograph attached to a mass spectrometer. The gaseous current that comes from a gas chromatograph is introduced directly into a mass spectrometer's ion source.
LC-MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) joins the physical separation of a liquid chromatograph to the analysis of a mass spectrometer. LC-MS is commonly used in proteomics, bioanalysis, and drug testing.
Leak detector, or helium mass spectrometer, was developed by Alfred Nier during the Manhattan Project to detect leaks in uranium-enrichment plants using the gas-diffusion process. Helium, the tracer, which penetrates small leaks rapidly, is separated from other gases in a vacuum chamber; the rate of the leak is detected via a mass spectrometer.
MALDI (Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) is a method of mass-spectrometry ionization. Desorption is caused by ultraviolet lasers, followed by ionization within a matrix of crystallized molecules. MALDI was introduced by Franz Hillenkamp and Michael Karas at the University of Münster in the mid-1980s. Koichi Tanaka's later breakthroughs in large biomolecule mass-spec analysis using MALDI earned him the 2002 Nobel Prize in chemistry. MALDI is often combined with time of flight (ToF).
Mass spectrometer is an instrument that is employed to produce ions from atoms or molecules, separate them according to their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), and detect those ions from a sample.
MS-MS (Tandem mass spectrometry) involves two stages of mass spectrometry and is aimed at selectively analyzing fragmentation of specific ions in a sample. The first stage of MS-MS consists of isolating ions of a desired m/z; these isolated ions are then induced to undergo a chemical reaction. This chemical reaction will change these ions' mass or charge, and the ions will thus become "product ions"; those product ions are analyzed by the second stage of MS-MS.
Nier instruments are mass spectrometers employing the Nier-Johnson geometry: 90-degree electric field and 60-degree magnet sector. This type of instrument is a double-focusing mass spectrometer. During World War II many of the mass spectrometers used were Nier instruments, built either by Nier himself or by his students.
Quadrupole mass spectrometer is an instrument that applies a combination of dc (direct current) and rf (radio frequency) voltages to four parallel metal rods to create a filter through which only ions of any one m/z can be transmitted. Any changes in voltage will change the m/z value of ions passed through the transmitter.
ToF (Time of flight) is a method of accelerating ions with a mass spectrometer via a pulse potential instead of an electric field in a vacuum tube. Ion separation occurs via the mass-to-charge ratio based on velocity. ToF mass spectrometers were commercially introduced by Bendix in the 1950s. W. C. Wiley and I. H. MacLaren first published about ToF in 1955 (Wiley and MacLaren, The Review of Scientific Instruments 26 [1955], 1,150). TOF is often combined with MALDI.
Atomic mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons found within the nucleus of an atom. For example, carbon has a mass number of 12 because it contains 6 protons and 6 neutrons. However, many atoms have naturally occurring isotopes in which there are a set number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The weighted average provides the relative atomic mass (or atomic weight), which can be a decimal.
Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. This number is the primary way in which atoms can be identified, as each element's atomic number is unique.
Cathode rays are rays of streaming electrons in a vacuum tube. They form a negative electrode within the vacuum tube toward the positively charged anode. In 1897 J. J. Thomson employed cathode rays in his discovery of electrons, the negatively charged component of the atom.
Fragment ion is an electrically charged, dissociated product of an ionic fragmentation. Ionic fragmentation plays a significant role in mass-spectrometry techniques, such as tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS).
Ion is the name for an atom that no longer has its native number of electrons. If more electrons have been added, the resulting ion has an overall negative charge; and if electrons have been lost, the resulting ion has an overall positive charge.
Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number—the same number of protons—but different numbers of neutrons and therefore different masses. Many atoms have naturally occurring isotopes. For example, carbon occurs naturally as carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.
Nuclear fission is an energy-releasing process wherein a heavy atom is split after being hit by a neutron. For example, when U-235 is hit by and absorbs a neutron, the resulting instability causes the nucleus to split, releasing two daughter atoms, lone neutrons (which can bombard other U-235 atoms causing additional fission events), and energy. After the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932, it was an easy step for nuclear chemists to bombard atoms with neutrons as they had been doing with protons. The resulting daughter atoms were proven to be lighter than the parent atom, not heavier, as expected. In 1939 Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassman, Lise Meitner, and Otto Frisch were able to demonstrate and mathematically explain how fission occurs.
Definitions section of Sibyl Rock's Computation Manual, 1946. CHF Collections.
Mass spectrum is the data output generated by a mass spectrometer. It provides information about the relative abundances of the ions produced. The y-axis is numbered to 100, representing relative abundance, and the x-axis is the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions generated. The most abundant ion produced in the spectrometer measures 100. If there is a molecular ion present, that is the most abundant ion. For example, if methane (CH4) is being analyzed, the molecular ion is CH4+. Different types of mass spectrometers will generate slightly different-looking outputs. A mass spectrum is a single output, whereas mass spectra are plural.
Petroleum distillation is the process by which crude oil is heated and different component parts of the crude oil are able to be separated. The different carbon chains that compose crude oil weigh more the bigger they are, and in turn they are less volatile—they boil more slowly upon heating. The lightest carbon chains vaporize first and can therefore be separated from the heavier ones, which vaporize slower at higher temperatures. The purified oils collected at different boiling points are called distillation fractions.
U-235 is one of three uranium isotopes. U-238 is the most abundant, composing over 99% of uranium, whereas U-235 makes up only 0.7%. There is also a very slight amount of naturally occurring U-234. While all three uranium isotopes have 92 protons, they have different numbers of neutrons; U-235 has 143 neutrons. Uranium is a radioactive element, meaning its nucleus breaks down. U-235 will undergo fission if bombarded by a neutron and yield significant amounts of energy. Enriching uranium means that the amount of fissionable U-235 present is more concentrated than that which naturally occurs. Power plants require uranium enriched to 3% to 4%, whereas atomic weapons require enrichment at over 90 percent U-235. Alfred Nier's work during the Manhattan Project helped prove U-235 was the fissionable isotope of uranium and later helped make enrichment possible.
ASMS, or the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, was formed in 1969 and sponsors an annual conference and various meetings and courses aimed at promoting knowledge of the field. Currently ASMS has 7,500 scientists as members from academic, industrial, and government laboratories.
ASTM Committee E-14 was the American Society for Testing and Materials Committee specifically for mass spectrometry in 1952. It was the basis for the formation of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.
CEC, Consolidated Engineering Corporation, was operational from 1937 to 1960. It was a chemical instrument manufacturer and was a leader in the manufacture of commercial mass spectrometers, including its 21-103C. Seymour Meyerson, Sibyl Rock, and other prominent leaders in mass spectrometry were all part of CEC's mass-spectrometry operations. CEC was dissolved in 1960 when it became part of Bell and Howell Corporation.
EPA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, sets out to protect human health and the environment. It has used mass spectrometry, especially GC-MS, in various ways, including in testing drinking water and air quality, and for the presence of various pollutants in water, soil, and other materials.
Humble Oil and Refining Company, later a subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey and ExxonMobil, was an oil company founded in Texas in 1911. An affiliate of Standard Oil beginning in 1919, Humble enjoyed relative autonomy until 1959 when Standard Oil took complete control of the company. Humble was one of the early petrochemical companies interested in using mass spectrometry. As head of the mass-spectrometry group, Joe L. Franklin led a team that did both basic mass-spectrometry research and the analytical work the refinery required on a day-to-day basis.
Manhattan Project is the name for the secret scientific undertaking in the United States to develop an atomic bomb. The name derives from the Manhattan Engineer District in New York City where the Army Corps of Engineers, North Atlantic Division, was headquartered.
Metropolitan Vickers introduced their first commercial mass spectrometer, the MS-2, in England in 1950.
National Bureau of Standards, now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), is a measurement standards laboratory. The organization's mission has traditionally been to promote American innovation and industry. Within the mass-spectrometry community the NIST has been a hub for research with its analytical mass-spectrometry group.
Pittcon, or the Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, is a large technical conference and trade show held annually since 1950. Pittcon serves two audiences: the companies selling research instrumentation and the research scientists who use that instrumentation. Many of CHF's oral history interviewees discuss their experiences at Pittcon over the years in their oral history interviews.
Rockefeller University is a private institution dedicated solely to biomedical research. In the 1970s and 1980s mass-spectrometry research as it related to biomedical applications flourished there. Frank Fields arrived at Rockefeller in the 1970s to pursue mass-spectrometry work related to biomedicine, and his postdoc, Brian Chait, worked to build the program at Rockefeller. Chait built a MALDI instrument at Fields's insistence. Today, Chait runs the Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry.
Standard Oil of Indiana, later Amoco, was the Midwestern offshoot of the Standard Oil breakup. Seymour Meyerson and other Standard Oil of Indiana chemists, based in Whiting, Indiana, were early adopters of mass spectrometry.
Standard Oil of New Jersey, later ExxonMobil, was the offshoot of the Standard Oil breakup that encompassed much of the eastern United States.
Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company was one of the first companies to manufacture mass spectrometers commercially, as well as being a rival of CEC. Its first instrument, a portable magnetic sector, was commercially introduced in 1941. Westinghouse withdrew from the instrument business in the late 1940s.
John H. Beynon (1923– ) is a mass spectrometrist principally working in Wales. Beynon was a longtime Imperial Chemical Industries employee who was charged with building a mass spectrometer in his first year there—in 1947—with no working knowledge of the instrumentation. After that time Beynon would become an integral part of the new field. Beynon went on to Swansea University, where he founded the Mass Spectrometry Unit. Beynon also was a founding member of the British Mass Spectrometry Society and the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.
Klaus Biemann (1926– ) is a chemist and is often called the father of organic mass spectrometry. In the late 1950s Biemann set out to use the instrument to determine the structure of natural products—a rarity in a field then dominated by petroleum research. Biemann's work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in determining the structure and sequencing of peptides laid the groundwork for future biochemical mass spectrometry.
Vincent J. Coates (1925– ) is an engineer and noted instrument developer. Coates began his career at Perkin Elmer and founded Nanometrics Incorporated in 1975, which became an important metrology and process control company.
Mildred Cohn (1913–2009) was a biochemist and early adopter of mass spectrometry for biological-related problems. Cohn received her Ph.D. under Harold Urey and built her own instrument in Carl Cori's lab at Washington University in St. Louis. In her career Cohn was a woman of many scientist "firsts," including becoming the first female president of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the first female career investigator of the American Heart Association.
Frank H. Field (1922– ) is a chemist and a pioneer of the mass-spectrometry field. Field began his career at Humble Oil and, together with Joe Franklin, furthered the field of gaseous-ion chemistry and wrote a book on the subject. With Burnaby Munson, Field developed chemical ionization. Field moved on from Humble and joined Rockefeller University in 1970, where he directed mass-spectrometry research until his retirement in 1989.
Robert E. Finnigan (1927– ) is an electrical engineer noted for his work in building and improving instrumentation and process control, starting with the development of a computer-controlled quadrupole mass spectrometer. He founded his company, Finnigan Corporation, in 1967 and continued manufacturing instrumentation. His company's instrumentation began with the prototype quadrupole GC-MS and continued on to establish itself as a leader in GC-MS systems.
David M. Hercules (1932– ) is an analytical chemist who has served on the faculty at various universities, including Lehigh Univeristy, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Vanderbilt University. Hercules completed early research on fluorescence and chemiluminescence and became fully immersed in mass spectrometry later, working in surface science and solid-state mass spectrometry. Hercules's later research involved developing new instrumental analytical techniques and characterizing proteins with mass spectrometry.
Richard E. Honig (1917–2001) was a scientist and leader of the mass-spectrometry community—he became president of the ASMS in 1970—known for his identification of vapor pressures of many chemical elements and the reference table for those results. Honig worked with secondary-ion mass spectrometry first at R.C.A. Laboratories (now Sarnoff Laboratories) and expanded the applications of mass spectrometry to semiconductor materials.
Keith R. Jennings (1932– ) is a chemist and mass spectrometrist in Great Britain. Jennings has spent his research career in academia, first at the University of Sheffield and later the University of Warwick. Jennings has pursued mass-spectrometry research related to gas kinetics, fluorine compounds, and metastable transitions; he has also completed significant research on ion cyclotron resonance, time-dependent ion fragmentation, and gas-phase ion chemistry.
Henry Earl Lumpkin (1920– ) is a chemist who spent a significant portion of his career at Humble Oil and later retired from Exxon Research and Engineering Company. Lumpkin was a leader in the mass-spectrometry community and served as the chairman of the ASTM E-14 Committee.
Fred W. McLafferty (1923– ) is a chemist and mass-spectrometry pioneer noted for the McLafferty rearrangement, a reaction observed in mass spectrometry. McLafferty described this reaction in 1959: the ionic rearrangement involves a keto-group and a g-hydrogen. McLafferty also pioneered the technique of GC-MS with Roland Gohlke. McLafferty began his career in industry at The Dow Chemical Company, and then moved on to Purdue University and later Cornell University.
Seymour Meyerson (1916– ) is a chemist and mass spectrometrist who encountered his first mass spectrometer during World War II. Meyerson was a longtime Standard Oil of Indiana researcher. He worked on both basic research and instrumentation and was a frequent collaborator with various other mass spectrometrists.
Foil Miller (1916– ) is a chemist and retired professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Miller formerly directed the spectroscopy lab there and dedicated his research primarily to Ramen and infrared spectroscopy.
Burnaby Munson (1933– ) is a physical chemist who first worked in industry for Esso and later moved on to academia at the University of Delaware. While at Esso, Munson and Frank Field developed chemical ionization.
Alfred O. C. Nier (1911–1994) was a physicist and one of the earliest mass-spectrometry pioneers. Nier was the primary developer of mass spectrometers and the "go-to" expert for early adopters of the technology in the prewar and World War II eras. Nier's expertise was far-reaching, and his research on isotopes led to a request to prepare a pure sample of U-235 so that John Dunning could demonstrate it was the isotope responsible for nuclear fission. Nier continued work in the Manhattan Project, leading instrument development at Kellex Corporation and developing a helium leak detector for gaseous-diffusion plants. After the war Nier focused on such topics as geochronology and space science, and designed the mass spectrometers that traveled on the Viking mission.
Marvin Vestal (1934– ) is a scientist who has used mass spectrometry both in industry and in academia. Vestal spent time at the University of Houston and various industry labs, and founded his own companies, Vestac, Virgin Instruments, and SimulTOF, among others, each dedicated to mass-spectrometry instrumentation. Vestal invented the thermospray method of ionization, the most commonly used LC-MS interface before John Fenn's electrospray ionization. Vestal also developed the first MALDI-ToF mass spectrometers and commercialized ToF-ToF instrumentation.
Harland G. Wood (1907–1991) was a biochemist who spent a significant portion of his career at Case Western Reserve University, where he was the first director of the Department of Biochemistry. Wood set up a mass spectrometer early in his research career at Case Western and used isotopes for his metabolic research. Wood proved that bacteria, animals, and humans alike all used carbon dioxide.
Francis William Aston (1877–1945) was a chemist and physicist who worked under J. J. Thomson at Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, United Kingdom. Aston, building on the work of Thomson, constructed the first fully functional mass spectrometer in 1919, for which he won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1922. He continued isotope work, and identified isotopes of chlorine, bromine, and krypton, in the process proving that these elements were composed of a combination of isotopes. Alfred Nier considered Aston's greatest achievement the determination that atomic masses were not whole numbers.
Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (1886–1950) was a physicist and peer of Aston who worked in Canada. In 1918 Dempster developed the first modern mass spectrometer, which was 100 times more accurate than previous versions of the instrument, such as Thomson's. Dempster's breakthrough was achieved without the use of photographic plates, favoring electrical detection methods. Dempster also discovered the uranium isotope U-235 in 1935, which paved the way for fission research.
Henry M. Fales (1927-2010) was a mass spectrometrist and organic chemist, noted for his pioneering work in bioanalytical mass spectrometry. Fales spent his career at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health and co-authored over 350 publications.
John B. Fenn (1917–2010) was an analytical chemist and inventor of the electrospray ionization technique, which garnered him a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002, which he shared with Koichi Tanaka. Fenn began his career in industry, spent time at Monsanto and other labs, and moved on to academia, at Princeton, Virginia Commonwealth, and Yale universities.
Joe L. Franklin (1906–1982) was a chemist and central figure in developing the field of mass spectrometry. The early part of his career was spent at Humble Oil, where he headed the company's mass-spectrometry group, which included people like Frank Field, Burnaby Munson, and Earl Lumpkin. Franklin created a Humble Lecture Series and placed emphasis on basic research, which led to various breakthroughs in gaseous-ion chemistry. Franklin became the first president of the ASMS in 1969 and authored approximately 200 papers and numerous books dedicated to mass spectrometry. Franklin left Humble for Rice University in 1963.
Ernest O. Lawrence (1901–1958) was a physicist, primarily based at the University of California, Berkeley, who invented, improved, and used the cyclotron and played a significant role in the Manhattan Project's uranium isotope research. Lawrence ran the radiation lab and later manufactured calutrons for uranium enrichment during the Manhattan Project. Lawrence received a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his work with the cyclotron; element 103 is named lawrencium in his honor.
Wolfgang Paul (1913–1993) was a German physicist and winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics, which he shared with Hans Georg Demelt. Paul is best known for his codiscovery of the nonmagnetic quadrupole mass filter; this filter laid the groundwork for the ion trap.
Sibyl Rock (unknown-1981) was a mathematician who worked for Consolidated Engineering Corporation during the beginnings of its development of mass spectrometers. She joined the company, at that time United Geophysical Company, in 1938. Rock's notable tasks included establishing mathematical techniques to analyze mass-spectrometer data, writing computing manuals, assisting customers, and serving as the intermediary between the engineers who developed the instrumentation and the customers who used the product. Rock also, along with Clifford Berry, helped develop an analog computer to assist with the complicated calculations mass-spectrometry data required.
Koichi Tanaka (1959– ) is a Japanese engineer who developed soft laser desorption, for which he won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 (shared with John Fenn). Tanaka proved soft laser desorption could be used to ionize large biological molecules like proteins without fragmentation.
J. J. Thomson (1856–1940) was a physicist known for the discovery of the electron and of isotopes, as well as for the development of the mass spectrograph (via his separation of neon isotopes). Thomson's methods and instrumentation were furthered by Francis W. Aston, his student, and Arthur J. Dempster. Thomson received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906.
Harold C. Urey (1893–1981) was a physical chemist noted for his pioneering work in isotopes as well as mass spectrometry. He won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 for his discovery of deuterium. Urey was the Ph.D. adviser of Mildred Cohn, who under his guidance studied various methods of separating isotopes of carbon and oxygen-18 exchange reactions. Urey was a prominent figure in the Manhattan Project, as his lab developed the gaseous-diffusion method for uranium enrichment. After the war Urey focused on developing the field of cosmochemistry.
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By Isaac Butler
Intiman is inviting local theatre artists to submit blueprints for reviving the company. My guess is Paul Mullin wasn't invited.
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American Standard Version (ASV) | New International Version (NIV) |
3 And all the people brake off the golden rings which were in their ears, and brought them unto Aaron. | 3 So all the people took off their earrings and brought them to Aaron. |
The American Standard Version is in the public domain. (The American Standard Version Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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Here's how RW members rated this race in the past (183 votes).
In short: Great Race You'll love itIn full: Great race as eve,r third time, only niggle was the start from the car park full of cars. Otherwise well done Helsby RC cant wait for next year :-)Date of review: January 24, 2012
In short: Great rural course on roads and undulating lanes. Great value.In full: You never know what the weather is going to do at this time of the year - it felt quite exposed in the windy and blustery conditions but this is the country.Many many positives for the race - comms, parking, bag drop, refreshments, marshalling, support, route, scenery etc....Only comment for improvement would be organisation at the start line.Only observation for improvementDate of review: January 23, 2012
In short: Another great outing, more headwind than tailwind!In full: The race that finally got me to join a running club!Date of review: January 23, 2012
In short: My first time at this event....... but not my last. You can see why it's a classic!In full: A great half marathon early on in the year. A great opportunity for you to see where you are in advance of the year ahead. A well organised race which makes its way around some beautiful little villages and countryside. Although the course is a little 'lumpy' there's nothing too serious and the great downhill section for the last two miles make any climbing all the worthwhile. Enough's already been said about the wind - nothing much the organisers could do about that ;-). Overall, well organised and loads of friendly energetic marshalls. Well done Helsby, a cracking race. See you next year!!Date of review: January 23, 2012
In short: Beautiful scennery, excellent organisation, fantastic courseDate of review: January 23, 2012
In short: When you enter a longer race at this time of the year, you really appreciate the need for slick organisation and a friendly atmosphere and it certainly didn't dissapointDate of review: January 23, 2012
In short: A blustery day out, but a lovely race.In full: A well organised race, and a good route. Strong winds some of the undulating sections between 7 and 10 miles tough. Nice views along route. Last couple of miles running down to finish brilliant. Nice medal. Didn't get my pb here, but did a decent time despite hills.Date of review: January 23, 2012
In full: great atmoshere and support on a very day from all the 4 villages as usualDate of review: January 23, 2012
In short: AN UNDULATING CHALLENGEIn full: undulating course, but good pb potential with nice downhill bits to make up for the ups. Superbly organised before, during and after racing. A four villages gym bag, unusual medal & a mars bar at the finish....nice.Date of review: January 23, 2012


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I have a new Kenmore Elite glass top range. The cooktop is white with a greyish pattern where the elements go. I have some older paderno pots and also a new set of Paderno pots which are the kind recommended for glass top stoves. Apparently their cheaper ( made in Indonesia) pots are the only ones recommended for glass top ranges. Both styles leave grey or black ring marks on the burners. I have to clean the elements everytime I use one. Is it the aluminum leaving the marks? The marks seem to be increasingly harder to get off and most times I have to use a razor scrapper blade. It is so frustrating! |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by becky_jean (email@example.com) on Tue, Jul 17, 07 at 16:51
I don't know about this particular cookware, but glass cooktops are famous for scratching, especially with cast iron. They are also infamous for always being a pain to clean or keep clean. Sorry. I had one & got rid of it for this & other reasons. |
I've had a black glass cook top for a year and have not had any problems. I use stainless, anodized aluminum and enamel cast iron. No scratches, most clean ups are a simple wipe and dry. On the occasion when there is a stubborn clean up, I use Cerama Bryte and it works great. |
I have always had black with the grey specks, I didn't like the look of the white and expect it would look dirty more. That said I too get a black ring - but I think its mostly carbonized sauce, burnt stuff and whatever you get let from water spills cooking off? It takes awhile to build up, I'm not the most conscious wiper. I can usually get it off the the specialized white cleaner. Still I' MUCH MUCH rather wipe down and even ocassionally scrape a glass top than have to soak gas grills and the little ceramic tops and the under the grill pans you have on gas. My new gas stove looked like absolute crap all the time and was a total PIA to clean. I gave mine to my mother after 6 months and switched back to electric. As for scratches, no problems, just try not to drag the pots around. |
- Posted by murphy_zone7 (My Page) on Sat, Jul 21, 07 at 17:04
Hi Don't know if this will help, but when I first got my white glass top range, my older pans left marks whenever I cooked with them. the bottoms of my pans were almost black instead of the shiny stainless look. :) Years of use and teenagers!! Anyway I just scrubbed the bottoms of the pans until they looked like new and haven't had any more of the black marks on my range top. |
I'm with marys1000, mine seems to get the rings if it isn't wiped off after each use. I do that, but I live in a house with a spouse & 2 sons who don't. I think the rings are permanent now, but I've had mine 13 years & think it looks much better than my old stove after much less time. Much, much easier to take care of. Cerama brite does work well. |
ngraham, have you tried Bar Keepers Friend on the rings? I find it works great at getting off what Cerama brite doesn't. |
I get the carbonized stuff on my glass-top which donesn't come off well with regular cleaning. But a window razor blade scraper like you use for painting works just fine. Keep a safe angle and be gentle, |
- Posted by clairebuoyant (My Page) on Tue, Jul 24, 07 at 8:55
Another fan of ceram bryte here. I had a GE glasstop range for 9 years that still looked like new when I gave it to my friend's daughter and I DO cook using everything from a large Le Creuset oven to assorted pans and skillets. I did'nt buy any 'special' pans. I've read somewhere that repeated use of a cleaner such as Ceram Brite creates a 'patina' which enhances the ease of cleaning. I believe this is true. I rarely had to scrape with a blade. When we remodeled our kitchen, I replaced it with a KitchenAid smoothtop cooktop and a Kenmore Elite wall oven. |
Breton, I've had the same range for 8 years and have HATED every minute! Bane of my existence. That sucker gets marked up just boiling tea in the kettle. Can't just wipe it off -- gotta use Bar Keepers Friend and elbow grease. Then rinse, rinse, and rinse again. Now, I've always been somewhat fastidious about keeping my pots clean, always scrubbing the bottoms with Brillo with every wash. So I can't attribute the range mess on dirty pots. And I use all kinds of pots - Calphalon, All-Clad Stainless, hard anodized, Revereware -- without exception, everything leaves a stain (or some kind of shadowing around the shape of the burner). It's so annoying -- can't just cook and wipe, gotta SCRUB. The good news is we're in the midst of a remodel, including the kitchen, and they're bringing in a gas line!!! Breton, you totally have my understanding. I wish I could tell you that over the years it gets better, but it sure didn't in my experience. |
- Posted by Phyllis(firstname.lastname@example.com) onTue, Aug 16, 11 at 17:52
I have a G.E.black glass cook top. It is beautiful when clean, but getting it clean, and keeping it clean is a continuous chore. Any residue shows on that glass. My one iron skillet made a scratch on it. Anything you use on it must be immaculate, or it will scratch or stain the cook top. I wouldn't buy it again. I just couldn't imagine using heavy iron cookware on it. The only thing that I really enjoy using is my old Corning cookware (inherited from mother in law). It doesn't get too hot;it doesn't stain;it is so perfect, and is unobtainable now. The story of my life. I would love to have a gas range again. I don't mind the cleaning. I can adjust the heat and use any cookware I want and it all works. It cooks! |
- Posted by cg(email@example.com) onMon, Aug 29, 11 at 21:52
You need a copper diffuser to put on your glass top first, then you can use your cast iron pan. Never put cast iron directly on glass. It will scratch it. I have one. I am getting a single electric burner to use on the side for my cast iron pan. Use the stove for stainless steel. |
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text: Nice quality cebel fakes are available on the site like this. If you think that Eva Longoria has really nice collection of her naked fake pictures, you are right! You love her from Desperate housewives or any other drama show.. You should see her naked, man.. Big boobs and sexy poses, that's how she looks when some artists decide to see pictures of her It's amazing man, enjoy that girl and be part of her naked world! You will find so many images of Eva Longoria nude there that you'll not be able to leave without stroking your dick, hehe


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3.1 Phillip Lim
"Phillip Lim's Ryder bag with zips and patched calf hair combines sophistication with a punk-chic attitude. This trend ran through many collections this season, and offers a modern and refined way to tap into the look. The olive green shade elevates the cross-body style, giving the bag's rough aesthetic a sense of polish and refinement."
Photo By Go Runway


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The classic Socratic form as adapted from Peter Kreeft's "Socratic Logic":
- 1. Defining the question and ambiguous terms.
- 2. Questioning rather than giving one's opinion.
- 3. Examining beliefs for false premises and logical fallacies.
- 4. Tracing premises back toward more foundational worldviews.
- 5. Drawing out consequences of the beliefs
- What do you believe about this issue?
- How did you come to your position?
- What are the best arguments against your position?
- What broader philosophical questions support your position?
- What are the personal and societal implications of your view?
EXPECTATIONS for all participants: Excerpt from "How To Have Productive Philosophical Conversations ," by Scott Hughes (http://onlinephilosophyclub.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=289)
- Listen – Listen as well as you can to the other people in the discussion. Ironically, if you talk too much, you will have a lot of trouble expressing yourself. If you listen well, you can express yourself better because you can tailor your response to what the person has already said. Additionally, if you listen to others intently, they will likely return the favor.
- Ask Questions – The Socratic Method can come in great use in discussions of philosophy. Asking questions will help you better understand the other speakers, and it will cause them to express their contentions more clearly to you. That will greatly reduce misunderstandings. Additionally, asking questions makes you seem genuinely interested in the other person's ideas.
- Speak Clearly – Many people instead try to show off or make their ideas seem stronger by using more complex language. However, you will have most productive conversation by having the least misunderstandings, which you can do by expressing yourself as clearly as possible. Using concise, simple, and specific phrasing will usually help you express yourself clearly.
- Speak Nicely and Politely – If the conversation turns into a contest, or if any of the speakers feel angry or offended, it will greatly reduce the philosophical productivity of the discussion. The other person will listen to you more if they feel more comfortable and respected. Speak as nicely, respectfully, and politely as you can. Avoid insults, name-calling, or offensiveness as much as possible. Also, especially if you disagree, try thanking the other person for discussing the topic with you.


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
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"This was an excellent meal. I am going to tweak it, a bit, to my preference (more chicken and shrimp maybe some Andouille sausage). Easy to make and really good. The beef broth made me wonder if it would really be "jambalaya" but it was really good."
"I have made this soup more than 10 times over the past 2 years. I can pick up big squash for 1.29 Each not per pound so this is old faithful when it comes to cooking.
Don't peel the squash, oven for about an hour cut in half length-wise or microwave(I don't poke the squash and have not had a problem YET) Wait for th..."
"Wonderful. Thinking about incorporating this into a layer of vege lasagna. I added the a few packs of the wild mushroom blends which contained 3-4 different types of mushrooms"


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This beautifully remodeled designer beach home is across the street from one of Santa Barbara's premier surf/paddle board beaches. Discover all that Santa Barbara has to offer from this perfectly located home. Walk to some of the best restaurants Santa Barbara has to offer or jump on one of the beach cruisers that come with the house and ride for miles on the bike path that starts across the street. This is an A+ beach location that can't miss. Spa and firepit make the outdoor entertainment area. Minimum rental period, 30 days.
Keywords: beach cottage, modern, newly remodeled, comfortable, bright, walking distance to restaurants and shuttle, spa, bikes, firepit, quiet, cozy, stereo, tv,
I am an interior designer who just became an empty nester. I'm looking forward to traveling and renting my home while doing so. I take pride in my home and think you will find it very comfortable.
"I bought this property because of the LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION! Plus, it was gutted when I bought it which meant I could do anything I wanted with it. It is incredibly light, bright and comfortable. Just what I wanted for my beach home."
The location of this vacation rental can't be beat. Across from Leadbetter Beach, Walking distance to the Harbor and local favorite, Brophys, Shoreline Cafe and Chucks Waterfront Grill. Walk to downtown. A bike path starts across the street that goes for miles. Pretty perfect for all activities.
Rate Period | Nightly | Weekend Night | Weekly | Monthly * | Event | ||||
Summer Months
May 29 2015 -
Sep 6 2015
29 night minimum stay
My Standard Rate
29 night minimum stay
* Approximate monthly rate. Actual rate will depend on the days of the month you stay.
Payment is usually accepted in the quoted currency (USD) unless the currency and the amount is specifically agreed in advance with the owner / advertiser.
I am zoned for a minimum of 30 day rental. If you would like to stay fewer days, please contact me directly to discuss options. 805-895-8650
"What I love most about my home is that I was able to completely remodel the home and make it exactly as I wanted it. Modern, clean, open, light and many outdoor living areas. The second thing I love is walking across the street to the beach with my dogs, paddle boarding, surfing, biking or just walking to the many restaurants which are right down the beach."


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Bethesda Woman Pleads Guilty in Mortgage Fraud Scheme
Recruited Straw Purchasers and Prepared False Documents to Buy Properties,
Resulting in Over $2.5 Million in Losses to 10 Individuals and Banks
Baltimore, Maryland - Kara McIntosh, age 46, of Bethesda, Maryland, pleaded guilty today to mail fraud arising from the fraudulent purchase of properties in Maryland and the District of Columbia using false mortgage documents, announced United States Attorney for the District of Maryland Rod J. Rosenstein.
According to the plea agreement, McIntosh, Timothy Reed and others recruited straw buyers to purchase houses. McIntosh knew the straw purchasers were not planning to live in the properties and did not qualify for the home mortgages. Some of the straw buyers purchased multiple properties at the same time. To enable straw buyers to purchase the properties, McIntosh was paid to prepare fraudulent mortgage applications which misrepresented the straw buyers' income and assets. McIntosh also received part of the fraudulently obtained mortgage funds. For example, at one closing, McIntosh falsely claimed $109,600 for "renovations" that her company, Washington Finance Group, purportedly performed. No such renovations ever occurred.
Beginning in 2006, this scheme involved fraudulent loans worth over $19,021,366. Over 10 individuals and banks were harmed. The loss amount foreseeable to McIntosh is between $2.5 and $7 million. Many of the purchased properties have been foreclosed upon.
McIntosh faces a maximum sentence of 30 years in prison. U.S. District Judge J. Frederick Motz has not yet scheduled her sentencing.
Timothy Reed, age 43, of Beltsville, Maryland, pleaded guilty on February 10, 2009 to the same offense. No date has been scheduled for his sentencing. To date, four defendants have pleaded guilty to their participation in this scheme.
This prosecution has been brought as part of the Maryland Mortgage Fraud Task Force, a group of more than 15 federal, state and local law enforcement agencies in Maryland. The Task Force was formed to promote the early detection, identification, prevention, and prosecution of various kinds of mortgage fraud schemes. This case, as well as other cases brought by members of the Task Force, demonstrates the commitment of Maryland's law enforcement agencies to protect consumers from fraud and help to ensure the integrity of the mortgage market and other credit markets. Information about mortgage fraud prosecutions is available on the internet at http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/md/Mortgage-Fraud/index.html.
United States Attorney Rod J. Rosenstein thanked the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Montgomery County State's Attorney's Office - Economic Crimes Unit and the U.S. Secret Service for their investigative work and assistance. Mr. Rosenstein commended Assistant United States Attorney Kwame J. Manley, who is prosecuting the case.


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Ok, this may be a silly question, but after we all looked through the rules, we found nothing to answer the question. We played through the 1st story and as the keeper I won. The Shogoth was making his way through the house and this is where the question arose….if an investigator passes through a space with a monster, they have to make an evade test and if they fail, the monster gets to take a whack at them…however, there are no rules that make allowances for the investigators to take a whack at a monster that is attempting to flee past them. Is this accurate? Are there really no rules in place to allow the investigators to attempt to take a pound of flesh off of a monster as it tries to escape past them?
I Played My First Game, But My Players Weren't Thrilled…
Started by
, Jul 18 2012 07:08 AM
2 replies to this topic
Posted 18 July 2012 - 07:08 AM
Posted 18 July 2012 - 09:12 AM
Yep, investigators need to evade, monsters bully through them. Could be the investigators cower away from the monster, especially something like a Shoggoth (what, you want to get close, like hand to hand range, with that thing!?).
"A dirty mind is its own reward."
Posted 20 July 2012 - 07:55 AM
Scenario 2 is designed to be monster-centric. Try scenario 1 with your team—that one's pretty good all round.


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Industry Advancement and Apprenticeship Promotion Week
Date: September 29, 2014 — October 3, 2014
Time: 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
Local 166 will be hosting our first annual "Industry Advancement and Apprenticeship Promotion Week" Septemer 29th through October 3rd at our training facility, 2930 West Ludwig Fort Wayne, IN 46818
With this event, we hope to bring all interested parties to our facility to show first hand what a trade organization and school can provide. Whether you are an individual looking for a future career, a company or corporation looking for new and innovative facility measures to save energy and money, or a school system looking for an affordable higher-education option for future graduates, attending would be greatly beneficial.
If you are interested please call Amanda at 260-490-5696 and schedule a time for your visit. We have spots available from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.. We can accommodate groups of any size with tours taking approximately one hour.


text: A four-color product selection guide from Falk Corporation details the company's line of "Soft Start" fluid couplings. Available in 12 sizes and five mounting arrangements, the company's fluid couplings address power ranges of 1 to 1,250 hp, speeds up to 1,800 rpm, and shaft diam of 7 in (180 mm). According to the literature, the couplings are said to be simple to install, require minimal maintenance, and are backed by an 18-month warranty.


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This photo was shot on film. Taken by meimeiflower with a Lomography Supersampler (available in our Online Shop) in Yokohama,Kuraki-park, Japan. These tags describe this photo: spring and supersampler. Date: 2011-04-16. Time: Afternoon. This photo can also be found in the album 2011.4.16 Kuraki-Park.Please login to get more out of this site
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For years, we here in Denver watched enviously as festivals such as Bonnaroo, Coachella, Lollapalooza, Austin City Limits, Rothbury and Sasquatch cropped up in cities across the country, and wondered when the Mile High City would have a major gathering of its own. We've had great festivals in the mountains for years, of course, but there was never one within throwing distance of the city. Then, finally, AEG Live — the same folks who put together Coachella, Rothbury and the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival — brought the Mile High Music Festival to the grounds of Dick's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City, where we spent two wonderful, back-to-back twelve-hour days last year.
Seasoned veterans that we now consider ourselves, we're full of advice on how to get the most out of this year's fest, which runs from Saturday, July 18, through Sunday, July 19, at Dick's.
ACTS TO WATCH: The band we're most amped to see this weekend is Tool, an act we've caught several times — most memorably at the Buell in March 2006 — that's always mesmerizing. (Guess that's why Tool's headlining, eh?) We're also very eager to see how some hometown acts fare. After all, The Fray hasn't played a show in town since its tuneup this past February at the Gothic; 3OH!3, which has been touring non-stop for the better part of the past year, has had the hottest song on the radio for the past two weeks; and DeVotchKa is coming off a stint supporting David Byrne at Red Rocks, as is Big Head Todd and the Monsters, which just keeps going and going like the Energizer Bunny. It will also be interesting to see if India.Arie gives props to her former home town. And we have our eye on a gaggle of up-and-comers, from the Northern Way (formerly Set Forth), which is riding the wave of a hot single on KTCL right now, to Strange Condition, which just inked a development deal with a major label, to Paper Bird and Gregory Alan Isakov, acts that have both cultivated substantial local followings. And, of course, there's Rob Drabkin, who earned the most votes on the Westword Music Showcase ballot, earning him an invitation to perform at the fest.
6000 Victory Way
Commerce City, CO 80022-4203
Category: Music Venues
Region: Northeast Denver Suburbs
Obviously, a slew of imports will be performing, too. We're stoked to check out Band of Heathens, a rootsy, soul-drenched outfit from Austin that earned a nod as best new band at the Austin Music Awards in 2007 and has a well-earned reputation as a great live band (the group's first two records were recorded live, if that tells you anything). Gomez has been around for over a decade, but didn't really receive mainstream recognition until releasing How We Operate in 2006, which features three singers with equally compelling vocals. If you've heard The Duke Spirit, most likely it's because of the breakout single "The Step and the Walk," which features Liela Moss's forceful wail over a brooding bass line; the rest of the band's material is just as alluring, propulsive and affecting. Buddy Guy is a legend who needs no introduction, and the Black Keys are always a can't-miss act, as is the gypsy punk of Gogol Bordello. And Matisyahu is worth seeing just to take in his otherworldly skills as a beatboxer.
For a complete rundown of the Mile High Music Festival lineup, more picks from us and much more coverage, visit the Backbeat Online blog (blogs.westword.com/backbeat).
WHERE TO WATCH THESE ACTS: Due to the openness of the setup and the massive video screens that flank the main stages, there really isn't a bad seat in the house, and sightlines are excellent. The distance between the stages substantially limits any bleedover in terms of sound, and even though that distance makes for a bit of a walk, it's a small price to pay. While the sound at large outdoor gatherings is generally so-so, the sound at last year's Mile High fest was excellent, thanks in part to the satellite speakers stationed about half- to three-quarters the length of the field at the main stages.
HOW TO GET THERE: If you must drive, parking is plentiful — and those who arrived before the gates opened last year not only missed the stop-and-go traffic, but found some great parking spots. Driving to Dick's involves finding one of three main entrances: two that head off of Quebec Street north of I-70/I-76, on either East 60th Avenue or Prairie Parkway (64th Avenue); and one off the Havana Street exit from westbound I-70 north to 56th Avenue.
Or you can just let someone else worry about all that. To encourage carpooling, Dick's has special carpool areas where you and your tribe can disembark. Even better — at least for our money — is taking one of the Green Pass Shuttles (http://greeneventco.com/greenpass_4.html). For as little as ten bucks, you can park at Northfield and then ride a bio-diesel or hybrid SUV shuttle to Dick's. For $30 or $40, you can catch a shuttle at the Pepsi Center in Denver or the Hill in Boulder, respectively, and get the same round-trip treatment. Shuttles run every hour on the hour from 10 a.m. to 2 a.m. And $50 to $70 nets you a weekend pass: If you plan on imbibing, it's a lot cheaper than a DUI. Just saying.


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U.S. homeowners with incomes more than U.S. $120,000 and those living in high-end homes costing $400,000 or more are emerging as "one of the anchors" of the U.S. remodeling industry, according to William Apgar, a senior scholar at the Harvard University Joint Center for Housing Studies. Looking at the demographics behind the remodeling industry, Mr. Apgar said that "Generation Xers" born between 1964 and 1975 are shaping up as a new market force and those in the group with the highest incomes are joining with affluent baby boomers and seniors to fuel growth in the top end of the remodeling sector. According to a new study from the Joint Center, "The Changing Structure of the Home Remodeling Industry," the number of home owners with inflation-adjusted incomes exceeding $120,000 soared by 50 percent from 1995 to 2003 and they spent more than $43 billion on remodeling in 2003, which was a full 31 percent of the total $138.1 billion expenditure on home improvements. Although the high-income group accounted for only 30 percent of total U.S. household growth during that period, they were responsible for 61 percent of the inflation-adjusted increase in improvements by home owners, the report says. In sharp contrast, households with incomes below $80,000 accounted for 41 percent of household growth, but a slight 3 percent of the increase in home improvement spending. Mr. Apgar added that homes topping $400,000 accounted for only 11 percent of the housing stock in 200 -- or 8 million units -- but were responsible for 30 percent of home improvement expenditures. Owners of these homes fueled more than 90 percent of the growth in improvement spending between 1995 and 2003, he said, with owners in this group increasing their remodeling expenditures from $8 billion to more than $40 billion. Owners of the high-end homes, Mr. Apgar said, completed more than 800,000 room additions in 2002-2003, which accounted for 43 percent of total spending in this category. The group also accounted for one-third of total spending on kitchen and bath remodels. Of the more than $40 billion spent on improvements in high-value homes in 2003, $34.1 billion of the work was done by professional contractors, according to the Harvard report, leaving only 15 percent in the hands of do-it-yourselfers. By comparison, among owners with homes valued at less than $100,000, one-third of improvements were do-it-yourself jobs. Even so, affluent households still contributed to do-it-yourself (DIY) activity, the report said, with a DIY component found in 28 percent of all projects completed by owners with $120,000+ incomes. "Overall, the nation's 10 million highest-income home owners spend an average of $800 each year on DIY projects," the report says, which is "some 90 percent more than owners with lower incomes." Baby boomers, who are now moving steadily into their 50s, still dominate the remodeling market and accounted for 52 percent of total improvement spending in 2003, Mr. Apgar said, "but Generation X is starting to come on strong, growing rapidly in homeownership" and accounting for 28 percent of remodeling expenditures in 2003. The 30-somethings who comprise the Generation X group are already spending as much on remodeling as the baby boomers spent when they were at the same age, Mr. Apgar said, with household outlays averaging $2,200 in 2003. However, when it comes to remodeling, Gen Xers are more likely to do the work themselves, he added. In 2003, DIY accounted for 41 percent of the younger generation's spending on home improvement, compared to a 26-percent share for baby boomers. Older households, Mr. Apgar said, may spend less on improvements as they age and find themselves living alone or in an empty nest and not needing additional space, but their use of professional remodelers goes up. The Harvard report notes that assessing Gen X remodeling demand is complicated by the fact that it includes a large share of minority and immigrant households, groups with potentially different home improvement needs. Minority participation in the remodeling market has been up across the board, Mr. Apgar noted, and Hispanics just about doubled their total remodeling expenditures during the past 10 years.
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Supply chain design software provider LLamasoft says use of network modeling can help shippers decide whether other modes or private fleet makes sense.
Feds announce that they will assist ILWU and PMA in contract talks that have been going on since May.
Despite presence of federal mediator 'no further agreements have been reached.'
Port director's tenure has seen projects to deepen harbor, raise Bayonne Bridge, expand marine terminals and intermodal rail.
Hueneme CEO says port could offer relief valve for congestion.
Consensus shows better growth than other parts of world.


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Interest Level:
Fables, Folk Tales and Myths
Birds, Cooperation and Teamwork, Spanish, Sharing and Taking Turns, Farm and Ranch Animals, Cleverness, Creativity and Imagination
Told in easy-to-read Spanish, Lucinda McQueen's version of the classic folktale begins in a cottage shared by a little red hen, a goose, a cat, and a dog. The goose gossips all day. The cat primps. The dog sleeps. So Little Red Hen is left to do all the work about the house. When she finds a few grains of wheat, she asks the others, "Who wants to plant these grains of wheat?" The goose, the cat, and the dog each answer, "Not I." The Little Red Hen plants and eventually harvests the wheat and whenever she asks for help, the goose, the cat, and the dog answer, "Not I."
But when the Little Red Hen has the wheat ground into flour and then wakes early one morning to make the flour into bread, the others change their tune. As soon as they smell the baking bread, each animal offers to help eat it. Only then do they finally learn, that since the Little Red Hen was the only one who did all the work, then she is the only one who is allowed to enjoy its rewards. And without any hesitation, she eats the bread herself.
Lucinda McQueen's active illustrations show in vivid detail how a few grains of wheat can be eventually made into bread. Her pictures perfectly capture the character of each animal of this classic folktale, while her simple storytelling teaches even the youngest readers important lessons about work and responsibility.


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Isom jurors will tour apartment where three died
By Teresa Auch Schultz email@example.com January 21, 2013 3:58PM
Kevin Isom. | Provided Photo~Sun-Times Media
Updated: January 21, 2013 8:48PM
Jury members in the Kevin Isom capitol murder case will tour on Thursday the apartment where the three victims in the case died.
Lake County Judge Thomas Stefaniak Jr. discussed with attorneys on Monday the logistics of the visit to the 5708 Hemlock Ave. apartment.
The visit means the jury will see for themselves the place where Cassandra Isom, 40, and her two children, Michael Moore, 16, and Ci'Andria Cole, 13, were shot to death on Aug. 7, 2007.
However, Stefaniak said he wanted to issue the jury a number of instructions before the visit, including one telling them that other people now live in the apartment and that it will look different after more than five years.
The jurors will also be told to not talk to each other in the house and that they can't ask questions. Instead, they are to take their time viewing whatever they need by standing quietly in that area, Stefaniak said.
He agreed to increase the number of Lake County Sheriff's Department officers going with the group from four to six after deputy prosecutor David Urbanski said he didn't want to take a chance that something might happen that could cause a mistrial.
"That would be absolutely horrific," Urbanski said.
The apartment will likely be packed for the trip, as the 16 jurors, four attorneys, Stefaniak, police officers, a court reporter and a videographer all need to be there. Isom will not go to the apartment but will instead review the video later with his attorneys.
Earlier in the day, Gary Detective Lorenzo Davis testified that he entered the apartment twice on Aug. 8, the day after the shootings. Both times he could only stay in the apartment for several minutes because so much tear gas remained. He also said that the second time he went, to serve a search warrant, the door was locked and that he and another police officer locked it again before leaving.


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AGCN Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd formerly known as Getronics Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd is working based on the fact that vision without action is a dream and Action without vision is simply passing the time. Action with Vision is making a positive difference which is why we have come across the vision in order to build brand equity for our organization.
Mission Statement
Our Approach:
Our approach is not only to supply Hardware, configuration & deployment of devices, we believe in Solutions that include:
Our Goal:
Our Strategy:
NTG is the leading telecommunications and ICT service provider in The Middle East, offering wireline and wireless telephony, internet and TV to consumers, end-to-end telecommunications and ICT services to business customers.
National Technology Group (NTG) and AGCN Pakistan
AGCN PAKISTAN is the subsidiary of NTG. NTG operates a global ICT services company with a market-leading position in the Saudi Arabia, offering end-to-end solutions in infrastructure and network-related IT. In Middle East, NTG pursues a multi-brand strategy in its Software operations and holds number three market positions through ACS and IM. NTG provides wholesale network services to third parties and operates an efficient IP-based infrastructure with global scale in international wholesale through iBasis.


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The importance of ship log data: reconstructing North Atlantic, European and Mediterranean sea level pressure fields back to 1750 |
The importance of ship log data: reconstructing North Atlantic,
European and Mediterranean sea level pressure fields back to 1750
Climate Dynamics Published online 28 April 2009. doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0577-9 M. Küttel1, E. Xoplaki1,2, D. Gallego3, J. Luterbacher1,4, R. García-Herrera5, R. Allan6, M. Barriendos7, P.D. Jones8, D. Wheeler9, H. Wanner1 |
1 Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR),
and Institute of Geography, Climatology and Meteorology,
University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| |
ABSTRACT: Local to regional climate anomalies are to a large extent determined by the state of the atmospheric circulation. The knowledge of large-scale sea level pressure (SLP) variations in former times is therefore crucial when addressing past climate changes across Europe and the Mediterranean. However, currently available SLP reconstructions lack data from the ocean, particularly in the pre-1850 period. Here we present a new statistically-derived 5° x 5° resolved gridded seasonal SLP dataset covering the eastern North Atlantic, Europe and the Mediterranean area (40°W - 50°E; 20°N - 70°N) back to 1750 using terrestrial instrumental pressure series and marine wind information from ship logbooks. For the period 1750-1850, the new SLP reconstruction provides a more accurate representation of the strength of the winter westerlies as well as the location and variability of the Azores High than currently available multiproxy pressure field reconstructions. These findings strongly support the potential of ship logbooks as an important source to determine past circulation variations especially for the pre-1850 period. This new dataset can be further used for dynamical studies relating large-scale atmospheric circulation to temperature and precipitation variability over the Mediterranean and Eurasia, for the comparison with outputs from GCMs as well as for detection and attribution studies. |
Download data from the WDC Paleo archive: Reconstructed Sea Level Pressure: Data Description Gridded SLP Reconstruction Data File 1750-2002 Data Visualization Page |
To read or view the full study, please visit the SpringerLink website. It was published in Climate Dynamics, Published online 28 April 2009. doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0577-9 |
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/kuettel2009/kuettel2009.html Downloaded Sunday, 01-Feb-2015 06:45:02 EST Last Updated Thursday, 17-Sep-2009 16:34:04 EDT by email@example.com Please see the Paleoclimatology Contact Page or the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments. |


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We meet Tuesdays at 5:00 PM in room 1030 in the Foreign Language Building.
The first meeting of the semester is today, September 10th.
We meet Tuesdays at 5:00 PM in room 1030 in the Foreign Language Building.
The first meeting of the semester is today, September 10th.
Mi esperas vidi vin morgaŭ je la bierfaristejo Blinda Porko!
[Updated: We've changed the day of our meetings this semester. The text below now shows the correct day.]
We'll meet as usual this week (tomorrow) and the following week, the 19th and 26th of August in the Blind Pig Brewery.
We will not meet the 2nd of September, because of the Labor Day holiday.
The following Tuesday (the 10th of September at 5:00 PM) we'll hold our public meeting, to take about Esperanto, why one might want to learn it, and why one might want to join our group.
Subsequent Tuesdays we'll meet as we used to do, in a room in the Foreign Language Building, at 5:00 PM, until the end of the semester.
Dan and I are trying to make posters to put up around the university and around town.
Because of the Memorial Day holiday, we won't meet May 27th.
We'll meet as usual on June 3rd.
During the summer we'll meet just once a week and someplace off-campus. Our tentative plan is to meet Mondays at 6:00 PM at the Blind Pig Brewery (120 N. Neil St., Champaign, Illinois).
Both the place and the time are provisional. If you want to attend but can't, let us know what the difficulty is. We'll try to find a time and place which works for everybody.
Because of the Thanksgiving holiday, the Sunday discussion table for both November 18th and November 25th is canceled.
In addition, we're going to turn the regular beginner's class for Monday, November 19th into an informal meeting. Since the Foreign Language Building may well be locked up, let's meet instead at the same time (5:00 PM), but meet upstairs at the Espresso Royal at 1117 W Oregon St. in Urbana. (That's at the corner of Goodwin, and right across from the Krannert Center for the Performing Arts.) We'll speak a little Esperanto and maybe talk about plans for the Zamenhof Festo.
Please let me know if you're coming Monday, so we can keep an eye out for you in the Espresso Royale.
Regular meetings will resume with the Monday, November 26th.
For the fall semester, we're meeting twice each week:
Mondays we meet for the beginners class at 5:00 PM in room 1138 of the Foreign Language Building.
Sundays we meet for out discussion table at 2:15 PM in the lobby of the Krannert Center for the Performing Arts.
During the semester, we'll be meeting Mondays at 5:00 PM in room 1120 of the Foreign Language Building. Our first Monday meeting will be September 10th.
Before that, we'll meet a couple of times on non-Mondays:
We'll meet at 5:00 PM in the basement of the Illini Union (in the food court). Why? Because Darcy will be visiting!
Come say goodbye to Darcy before she heads off to the University of Chicago. We'll also do a bit of planning for the beginners course.
We'll meet at 5:00 PM in room 1120 of the Foreign Language Building (same place as our regular meetings). Why? To introduce the language to our new members. (Why Tuesday? Because Monday is Labor Day.)
Come meet the new members and kick off the beginners course.
Quad Day was great fun. We spoke to many students and added around 100 to our mailing list. and handed out around 500 fliers.
In the picture, Darcy, Dan, and Omar talk to two students about how much fun we have in our club.
We've had a request to change the meeting time to 6:00 or 6:30 PM. So this message is mainly to ask: Would one of those times work better for you? In particular, is there anyone who would come to meetings as currently scheduled (5:00 PM) who wouldn't be able to come at one of those times?
Please respond to the list, or privately to me.
In the meantime, since we don't have a time pinned down, it probably makes most sense to skip today's meeting and plan to resume next week at whatever time we decide on.
Once again (like last year) we'll meet in the Foreign Language Building. We haven't yet reserved a room, so we'll meet in the area through the main doors and then select a room that's free. (If you arrive late, check the nearby classrooms—you'll find us.
Time: 5:00 PM for the social quarter-hour; we'll start class at 5:15.


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So here we are, the biggest test yet (with all due respect to Tennessee) for the Oregon football team this season.
Three weeks ago, the Ducks' trip to Tempe projected to be a walk-over on the way to the Stanford game next week. But then ASU nearly upset Wisconsin on the road last week, demonstrating that the Devils have a worthy starting quarterback in Steven Threet to complement an outstanding defense and strong special teams.
And while the Ducks are 3-0, the ease with which they won their first three games muddled the outlook for Saturday, too. Is Oregon really that good? Or, perhaps, was the quality of competition simply that bad?
It was most likely a bit of both. On Saturday we all find out for sure, or at least get a strong piece of evidence one way or the other.
I have no doubt that ASU will be able to slow Oregon's offense Saturday. Darron Thomas and LaMichael James are still working to perfect their timing in the option game, and Arizona State's outstanding linebackers will complicate matters even further. Thomas hasn't made any horrendous mistakes in the passing game, but I'm still not quite sold on him as a consistently accurate passer. It won't take too many more solid performances to convince me, but it will take at least a couple against better competition than he's faced so far.
All that said, I expect Oregon's defense to do an even better job of disrupting the Sun Devils' offense, and thus I think the Ducks will be able to outscore ASU, barring a couple of big explosion plays on special teams or multiple turnovers. Figure one long return for Arizona State, and one UO turnover that provides adequate field position to set up a touchdown. But if the Ducks can keep it to that, they should be OK.
I don't expect that ASU will have much success running the ball. And I think Kenny Rowe and Josh Kaddu will make life tough on Threet. The ASU quarterback will try to counter the pass rush by making quick throws in the passing game, but the Ducks should have seen enough of that from their own offense in practice to handle it well.
Oregon may struggle in its first Pac-10 road game of the season, but the Ducks will be 4-0 by the end of the night Saturday.
Oregon 38, Arizona State 27
Here's how others see it:
Stewart Mandel, SI.com: Oregon, 28-20
Bob Condotta, Seattle Times: Oregon, 34-17
Bud Withers, Seattle Times: Oregon, 31-16
Matt Hayes, The Sporting News: Oregon, 35-17
Phil Steele: Oregon, 38-17
Heisman Pundit: Oregon, 42-21
Ted Miller, ESPN.com: Oregon, 35-20
Jon Wilner, San Jose Mercury News: Oregon, big
Matthew Smith, CollegeFootballNews.com: Oregon, 38-17
Jason Vondersmith: Portland Tribune: Oregon, 31-24
What's your prediction?


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Your search "jennifer aniston" resulted in 2 Articles
★ Regrettably Tacky Celebrity Photos
Eric Bana with a single red daisy in front of his face. Sarah Jessica Parker in gym clothes plus a misplaced Perrier bottle. David Duchovny in shiny leggings on a disco ball. Christina Ricci emerging from a space egg. Here's a gallery of cringe-worthy celeb photos from the 80's and 90's. Posing and styling lessons learned, hopefully! -
The Most Iconic Hairstyles
The Iconic 110 Cameras mini-series is your guide to finding the perfect compact camera to use the new Orca B&W Film with! Since we're on the topic of iconic imagery, we're sharing this gallery of the 10 most iconic celebrity coiffures. From the Beatles' mop tops to Brigitte Bardot's bedroom hair, we're sure you've aspired for 'dos like this!


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They had just finished their evening meal; tension crammed the kitchen as Mrs. Timble cleared the table, her eyes fixed on the plates and leftover food. Mr. Timble sat lazily at the end of the table, while lighting a smoke and bathing his throat in bourbon. He looked darkly at her colorful dress, printed with various flowers, and surveyed. He could tell that she was nervous as she balanced a pile of cups and plates over to the sink. They had both been drinking plenty enough and empty bottles stood stacked into the corner of the damp kitchen. Her tiny feet tripped carefully over the floor: she was heading directly toward a sphere of slippery droplets. She tumbled. The cups dived heavily to the ground at a bat of an eyelid, covering the floor in smashed fractions of glass.
This is something I wrote earlier tonight. It's not personal, based on me, or anything like that, but I like the way it turned out. If there are any spelling/grammar/punctuation mistakes, can you tell me?
Any comments are appreciated. I'd give my story about a PG-15 rating. Not sure if that's important or anything - I know it is in some places. Please read, and enjoy!
Possum Girl
The boy darted down the dark alley, his face gloomy and pallid. He was soaked from the drizzling rain that poured from the sky. The icy air around his mouth resembled white smoke as he exhaled. Pools of water splashed outwards as the boy set foot in them, as he escaped.
- Are you seeing that girl from school? his mom inquired.
- What's her name again- Alice?
She stared long and hard at him, demanding a reply.
I am Bisexual and I have known for along time. I have been scared to come out because I was afraid my family and friends would disown me. But belive me it is much better to tell someone than to let it hang on your solders and let it own your life i am very young and I know my sexuality and I am very proud. So if you know you are gay or lesbian or both let someone know. IF YOU ARE READY. But do't use it to get back at someone.
Once upon a time there was a little girl named Margerie.
Margerie had the world at her finger tips.
Everybody worshiped her.
She was adored by all…. all but one.
No matter what she did, and no matter how hard she tried, she couldn't get him to ever love her.
She never had to work for love.
All she needed was to bat her long pretty eyelashes, and she would attain whatever goal she had set.
When she woke up, the world wasn't blue anymore. But that's ok in the end and maybe if she wished hard enough her head wouldn't explode and ruin everything.
The tubes of paint were in pretty bad shape, and she had finally poured out the paint water that had been festering for half a year. The light still hurt her eyes a little, and she would have to bend over on the floor, but what are these things when you have a small universe at your hands?
It was snowing hard as I waited for Sara. Although I was freezing cold, and being blinded by the fucking blizzard I was in, I still stood there. I had said I would meet her there so I would. And maybe she would feel sorry for my gloveless hands again.
But last time that had happened it had almost immediately led to us having sex. Or almost having sex. Not that that was a bd thing necessarily, but I thought I was over that. I thought I had changed. I loved being with Sara, but moving so fast reminded me of who I used to be, and I didn't like that. Did that mean I wasn't ready for sleeping with Sara?
All through class I couldn't concentrate. It was just too much, she was just too much. I felt dizzy from all I felt for her.
Of course I felt for her, well, sexually. But I didn't realize how much I wanted her like that. I mean, it wasn't until we were alone together this morning that I became driven to have her. Like physically have her. Before it was all just wanting that feeling of closeness and comfort. But last night it was more, and this morning it was much more. Today I saw her, and that was enough.
Reality TV Shows when is enough enough?
By Sylvia
This is in my school newspaper
Eight people picked to live in a house while there
lives are constantly taped. People picked to live
on and island again their lives taped. Reality TV
and these are just two shows. There is a breed of
shows that people apparently like more than anything else.
The show has no script, no actors or actress, no meaning.
… The minute he caught sight of me, walking leisurely, obliviously, across the room- his only instinct was to look around and make sure nobody else was present. Sure enough, the room was empty, dark, and the only light that shone was from the intense craving in his eyes.
He marched towards me like a man possessed. He grabbed my left arm and then my right, and pulled my towards him- arresting my motion and pretentiously flaunting his physical vigour. His breath was heavy, slow and shallow, his nostrils flared up at me, and sweat trickled from his temples. In his eyes I saw a familiar yearning. A hunger so profound and mysterious, a secret voracity set loose…
I have no idea how we managed to cover ourselves so fast. I think I was on top of Sara at the time, or maybe she was on top. But we were definitely getting more intense with eachother. And then we heard someone walk in the back door, talking on their cell phone.
I pulled away first, I remembered, since I think I heard it first. She looked at me then heard it too looked at me and whispered "Shit.
Rachel came to my doorway and knocked. I peered at her over my big comforter. I wasn't sleeping, still thinking. Thinking about the night before.
"You've got a visitor,
William Clinton High School
I can hear the laughter of people I once considered friends. First day of high school and already people know me as a freak. I hate the republicans. While elder students roam halls, freshmeat, as we are so comically named, are herded, as sheep, into the gym. They scream to each other as if they hadn't spent the entire summer with one another obsessing over what to wear, who to talk to, and which freaks to avoid. I spent my summer getting personal with my couch, TV and a box of Cheerio's. How fun.
I sat on my bed with nothing but a desk lamp on to give me some light. Ashlei was asleep on her bed. I, however, could not get any sleep. I kept thinking back to the kiss. Well, there was more than one kiss actually.
Holy shit. Everytime I thought about it I got that same amazing feeling. I could still feel her lips on mine, her hands moving on my bare hips, my hands lost somewhere in her hair. Oh shit, I thought I might explode with how much I was feeling. I needed to deal with all this somehow, and I knew just where I was going to release it.
As I walked away from Parker I felt like I was going to be sick. Like really, physically ill. I couldn't believe I had just let that spill. I had totally not meant to let anything come out, at all. But it had, and it had messed things up.
It was just that I had so many strong emotions for Parker that I didn't know what to do with them. I hadn't felt this way about anyone else, ever. And the worst part was, I didn't even tell Parker everything. I had only told her a small portion of what I felt for her. But what did I feel for her exactly?
It had started to snow, but not much, so we decided we'd just walk through it. I took a deep breath and released it, watching the white mist flow from my mouth. Sara began to talk, telling me of her bad day so far.
I looked over at her as she talked. Little specks of white snowflakes slowly landed on her golden hair and then melted away. As the snowflakes disappeared, they turned into little mounds of water, giving Sara's hair an extra shimmer added its normal shine.
Here' the full story I wrote for my freshman english class...yes it's semi-autobiographical account of what was going on with me at the time...
The Hands of the Soul
Eleanor rubbed her thumb over the knuckles of her left hand examining each age line. For years she had heard from various artist and poet friends that the eyes were the proverbial "window to the soul.
I remember how my stomach jumped as the door unlocked and quietly opened.
Oh God, I thought to myself as I resumed my attitude of sleep in my bed. My roommate's keys jingled as she tossed them and her jacket onto the bed right next to me. I opened my eyes slightly to see her short figure standing in the middle of the room. Even without my contacts in I could feel her eyes on me. I pulled the blanket up over my face so she couldn't see the grin I felt forming. I hated and loved the way that my roommate's presence could make me smile even in the tensest and most inappropriate of moments. I braced myself for the question I knew was coming.