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Programming Language Challenges in Systems Codes
Why Systems Programmers Still Use C, and What to Do About It
October 22, 2006
There have been major advances in programming languages over the last 20 years. Given this, it seems appropriate to ask why systems programmers continue to largely ignore these languages. What are the deficiencies in the eyes of the systems programmers? How have the efforts of the programming language community been misdirected (from their perspective)? What can/should the PL community do address this?
As someone whose research straddles these areas, I was asked to give a talk at this year's PLOS workshop. What follows are my thoughts on this subject, which may or not represent those of other systems programmers.
1 Introduction
Modern programming languages such as ML [16] or Haskell [17] provide newer, stronger, and more expressive type systems than systems programming languages such as C [ 15 ,13 ] or Ada [12]. Why have they been of so little interest to systems developers, and what can/should we do about it?
As the primary author of the EROS system [18] and its successor Coyotos [20], both of which are high-performance microkernels, it seems fair to characterize myself primarily as a hardcore systems programmer and security architect. However, there are skeletons in my closet. In the mid-1980s, my group at Bell Labs developed one of the first large commercial C++ applications — perhaps the first. My early involvement with C++ includes the first book on reusable C++ programming [21], which is either not well known or has been graciously disregarded by my colleagues.
In this audience I am tempted to plead for mercy on the grounds of youth and ignorance, but having been an active advocate of C++ for so long this entails a certain degree of chutzpah.1 There is hope. Microkernel developers seem to have abandoned C++ in favor of C. The book is out of print in most countries, and no longer encourages deviant coding practices among susceptible young programmers.
A Word About BitC Brewer et al.'s cry that Thirty Years is Long Enough [6] resonates. It really is a bit disturbing that we are still trying to use a high-level assembly language created in the early 1970s for critical production code 35 years later. But Brewer's lament begs the question: why has no viable replacement for C emerged from the programming languages community? In trying to answer this, my group at Johns Hopkins has started work on a new programming language: BitC. In talking about this work, we have encountered a curious blindness from the PL community.
We are often asked ``Why are you building BitC?'' The tacit assumption seems to be that if there is nothing fundamentally new in the language it isn't interesting. The BitC goal isn't to invent a new language or any new language concepts. It is to integrate existing concepts with advances in prover technology, and reify them in a language that allows us to build stateful low-level systems codes that we can reason about in varying measure using automated tools. The feeling seems to be that everything we are doing is straightforward (read: uninteresting). Would that it were so.
Systems programming — and BitC — are fundamentally about engineering rather than programming languages. In the 1980s, when compiler writers still struggled with inadequate machine resources, engineering considerations were respected criteria for language and compiler design, and a sense of ``transparency'' was still regarded as important.2 By the time I left the PL community in 1990, respect for engineering and pragmatics was fast fading, and today it is all but gone. The concrete syntax of Standard ML [16] and Haskell [17] are every bit as bad as C++. It is a curious measure of the programming language community that nobody cares. In our pursuit of type theory and semantics, we seem to have forgotten pragmatics and usability. Transparency gave way to abstraction, and then to opacity. The systems programmer requires an intuitive model of what is happening on the machine at the source code level.
If indeed it turns out that BitC has nothing new, I think that my group will be very well pleased. Unfortunately, there are going to be innovations in BitC, and this talk will try to explore some of the factors that are driving us.
2 Defining Terms
Before proceeding further, it seems appropriate to define what I mean by ``systems programming'' — or more precisely, by ``systems programs.'' These programs seem to have several common properties:
Systems programs operate in constrained memory. This is obvious in embedded systems, but modern general-purpose kernels operate very near the limits of available virtual memory. On a 32-bit IA-32 class machine with a fully populated 64 gigabyte physical memory, it is extremely difficult to get the per-page book-keeping data structures to fit within a 0.5 gigabyte kernel virtual region. Two-space storage managers are simply unthinkable, and the majority of the reachable kernel working set cannot be mapped into the virtual address space at any given time. The implications for garbage collectors are unpleasant.
Systems programs are strongly driven by bulk I/O performance. In applications that move large amounts of data, the goal is to have zero copies of that data, even as headers and trailers are being added to that data. This is typically done by designing a data structure that reserves space for the headers and trailers in advance, which entails the creation of pointers that do not point to the beginning of an object. Worse, these objects may be multiply aliased in both the virtual and physical maps (e.g. by DMA). Those aliases that are held by hardware require explicit management. Data may be gathered or scattered in the course of handling. It is often desirable for these sub-objects to reference the storage of the original. The implications for property checking are distressing.
Performance matters. At least in the critical paths of systems programs, the addition of only a few cache references — or worse, cache misses — in an inner loop can mean the difference between winning and losing customers. It follows that data representation matters.
This is not especially true in client-side code, where languages like Java and C# are establishing success. On the desktop, computons are available in excess and the limiting factor in performance is generally the user, who is a surprisingly slow peripheral. The corresponding servers, however, must serve thousands of these clients simultaneously, and must do so without excessive memory requirements. They must also be cooled.
In systems code, the effect of representation and data placement can be extreme. Bonwick et al. discuss some of these effects [5], noting that the performance of system-level benchmarks can change by 50% through careful management of cache residency and collisions.
Systems Programs Retain State. The most common pattern in systems programs is event loops. While there is short-lived data within these processing loops, the pattern overall is that there are (relatively) large amounts of state that live for the duration of the event processing cycle. This tends to penalize the performance of automatic storage reclamation strategies. To make matters more interesting, there are caches. These update frequently enough that ``old space'' techniques may not perform well, but are large enough that scanning them can be quite expensive. Our experiences with the Boehm collector in OpenCM were that storage leaked very liberally — enough so to crash the OpenCM server frequently. It follows that user-managed storage is a requirement, but perhaps not in fully general form.
3 Four Fallacies
Factors of 1.5 to 2 don't matter. It is sometimes argued that a factor of 1.5 to 2 isn't important. CPUs continue to increase in speed, and surely this will make up the gap.
The facts say otherwise. The annual cost to operate a large banking data center today is $150,000 per square foot. It is by far the most expensive real estate in the world, and more than one third of that cost is the cost of cooling the data center. The general rule of thumb is that power is proportional to V2F: the square of the voltage times the frequency. Most of this power is wasted as heat. To a system's programmer, the cost of doubling the clock rate is $50,000 per square foot per machine room. Raising the clock rate decidedly isn't free, and walking into the network distribution closet at your business or school will quickly convince you that current power usage is excessive.
Boxed representation can be optimized away. Biagioni's remarkable success with a TCP/IP implementation in Standard ML [3] is sometimes used to support the contention that the compiler can manage representation issues. Derby's technical report [8] is more revealing. On interactive traffic, FoxNet achieves 0.00007 times the performance of the then-current UNIX network stack. That is not a typo. On large blocks, which is by far the cheapest case to implement, FoxNet imposes 11 times the CPU load of the network stack implemented in C. Large block processing costs are dominated by memory bandwidth, not software overheads. As Blackwell discusses [4], processing overhead on smaller packets is necessarily much higher.
Further work will certainly improve on Bagioni's results, but the UNIX stack is much faster now than it was then too. Ultimately, the reason for this is that the UNIX networking stack exploits three unsafe strategies: (1) the ability to directly express data representation that carefully respects that behavioral constraints of the data cache, (2) the ability to alias the insides of data structures, and (3) explicit storage management in the form of recycled buffer and header data structures — this is not merely a storage optimization. The buffer structures have alignment and virtual memory address binding constraints that enable them to exploit direct DMA.
There appears to be a fundamental expressiveness problem here: because DMA is involved, data structure alignment and virtual address binding constraints are not merely matters of convenience or performance. They are requirements of correctness. I am not aware of any managed storage approach that is likely to perform well while supporting this type of constraint.
The optimizer can fix it. Hypothetically, modern commodity processors can sustain a 3 to 4 instruction issue rate per cycle. This may or may not be typical of applications codes in the wild. It certainly is not true of kernel code, where (a) a very large proportion of branches are data dependent, and (b) neither the compiler nor the hardware are able to establish any useful issue distance between the load of that data and the branch nor schedule other instructions between them. For embedded processors, of course, considerations of power still dominate, and out-of-order issue implementations remain quite rare.
For microkernels, an issue rate of 1.5 to 1.7 in the critical path is extremely hard to achieve, and can generally be obtained only with carefully hand-optimized code. This optimization frequently entails exploiting non-obvious conditions that the programmer knows, as a matter of application-specific invariants, correspond to the tests that would naturally have been written in a more ``direct'' implementation. In the microkernel IPC path, it is generally agreed that C code is not fast enough and carefully hand-tuned assembly code is needed. Writing this kind of code in a language like ML simply isn't an option.
I emphasize that the problem here is not merely a matter of applying global optimization. Compilers have a difficult time generating code when instruction selection is tightly constrained, and the optimization strategy available to the compiler does not have access to application-specific invariants that are known to the programmer. In any case, the control paths of systems code are dominated by proximate data dependencies. There is relatively little automatable optimization to be had in these codes. The best way for the programming language designer to help is to ensure that the language can express algorithms that have a direct and transparent transformation into low-level assembly code.
The legacy problem is insurmountable. It is a popular assertion that so much code is written in C and C++ that we are stuck with them forever. People said the same thing about MVS, and later UNIX. From this axiom, we may directly derive the conclusion that Windows, Linux, Java, and C# do not exist. The reality, of course, is that each of these systems started from scratch and succeeded. While it is comforting to think of them as the products of mass delusion, life is what happens while logicians are making other plans.
It is okay to start from scratch.
4 Challenges
Application constraint checking The wonder of systems codes is that they work at all, and it may be instructive to speculate on why this is so. Operating system kernels and databases, for example, seem to be characterized by a rich invariant structure. Some examples from the EROS kernel (see [19]):
Atomicity No path may make a semantically observable change to kernel state until all preconditions are satisfied. When preconditions are satisfied, a ``commit point'' is declared and semantically significant mutation can occur.
Fail-Fast Following a commit point, a system call may result in a valid response or an architected error. Any runtime error must be handled by an immediate system restart without allowing state to be committed to persistent store.
Caching Constraint If a capability to an object is in the ``prepared'' state, the target object must be in memory.
Other systems have very different constraints. The point is that all operating systems have such constraints, and their developers maintain a mental list of these constraints while programming. This serves to impose a human-implemented check on the process of coding. It should be possible in principle to annotate programs in a way that lets these constraints be automatically checked. Hao Chen and I did some initial work in this direction [7] with promising success, but concluded that capture of application-specific invariants requires something much richer than a simple model checker. This ultimately motivated our work on BitC. SLAM [2] is an interesting step in the right direction, but it is not straightforward for end-developers to extend its properties. Ultimately, any tool that operates on C code faces an imprecise language, a weak type system, and undecipherable aliasing effects. C wasn't designed as a language to facilitate the expression of global properties.
Idiomatic Manual Storage While systems programs use manual storage management, they do so in highly idiomatic ways. When combined with a rich application-defined constraint environment, much of the storage management behavior of a modern operating system kernel should be checkable. The challenge is to provide mechanisms in the programming language (more precisely: in a constraint metalanguage) that allow programmers to express these constraints. One difficulty is that global constraints are difficult to express using pre- and post-conditions, because these are constrained by what is lexically in scope. Finding richer ways to deal with this is one of the things that we will be experimenting with in BitC.
Representation It is hopefully clear by now that direct control over data structure representation is essential in systems programs. The semantics of unboxed datatypes is straightforward, but few modern language designers seem to feel that representation is significant. Related to this, there is a tendency to eliminate multiple fixed-precision integral types, which are the primary types used by systems codes. Diatchki et al. [9] have made an interesting start on the representation problem. BitC is a more comprehensive approach, and by and large we have not found that direct support for representation provides any interesting difficulties in of itself. The difficulty lies in simultaneous support for representation, state, and polymorphism, which is the subject of Sridhar's paper in the current proceedings [23]. In email exchanges, Diatchki has reported that his enhancement to Haskell has had a significant impact on the implementation of their prototype operating system. Representation matters!
State For systems and kernel codes, state is never going away. These codes are defined by I/O and in-place transformation of data. While it is possible to express all of these operations in monadic form, as the House project [11] is doing, there are no examples of large, complex, and deeply stateful codes that have been maintainably constructed in this fashion. My group has spent some time writing code in ACL2 using the STOBJ mechanism [14], which provides single-threaded state. Our conclusion is that it doesn't scale in the human sense. Kernel programmers already operate at (or slightly beyond) the outer limit of systemic complexity that can be mainained in a programmer's head.
This is a large part of why transparency of expression in systems programming languages is critically important to the success of the language. Subjectively, it seems likely that re-expressing algorithms in monadic form will add one layer of complexity too much — much as the combination of aggressive inlining, constructors, and virtual functions did in C++. As the developer loses their ability to build a clear and direct mental model for what is happening on the machine, the quality of systems code deteriorates rapidly. This is a usability and design problem rather than a science problem, and I remain interested to see what will emerge in the House effort.
I should acknowledge that BitC may suffer from an application driven bias in our assessment of state. The Coyotos kernel operates using semi-static memory allocation (a startup-time allocation of available memory is made, but is never changed), constant recursion bounds, and an atomicity discipline. Collectively, these have the effect of simplifying the state model to the point where it may be possible to reason about our system using state induction based reasoning. This may not generalize to user-mode components in Coyotos, many of which operate under less restrictive idioms.
5 Opportunities
The zero-copy idea in operating systems is a critical idea, but so is the concept of protection domains. In hardware-based protection, the basic mechanism for defining domains of protection is the address space. There are two problems with this: (1) hardware context switch times are proportionally slow and getting slower, and (2) the two most widely used embedded processors (Coldfire and ARM) have virtually indexed caches that are not anti-aliased. The first imposes a terrible penalty on secure system structure, and the second is all but fatal.
Because of the need to flush the data cache, the time to perform a full context switch on a 200Mhz StrongARM or XScale processor can be measured in milliseconds. For comparison, the corresponding context switch on a 90Mhz Pentium was between 1.35 and 2.4 μs, and even at that speed was very slow in proportion to the surrounding machine. Despite the work on fast context switching that the L4 and EROS communities did in the 1990s and following, context switch performance remains the limiting factor in the design of well-structured, recoverable systems. There is a certain irony in this, since a primary reason for introducing memory management hardware in early machines was the desire to provide an efficient domain separation mechanism.
Recent results from the Singularity project [ 10 ,1 ] are extremely thought provoking. If linear types prove to be a human-manageable mechanism for handling interprocess communication, it may really be true that the era of hardware-based isolation is over (but for legacy support). Most of the performance unpredictability issues of garbage collection become irrelevant if collection occurs over a small heap. By increasing messaging performance, Singularity permits applications to be split into much smaller, independently collected domains. Robustness is simultaneously improved.
In fact, the Singularity project is probably the most serious challenge to the current Coyotos work in the secure embedded system space. There are some denial of resource issues that are inherent in the Singularity communications layer. These are fixable, and we gave serious thought to replacing the Coyotos system with a structurally similar system built on Singularity-like foundations. In the commercial Coyotos effort, we reluctantly concluded that the schedule risk to our current commitments was too high, but we think that there is an interesting research challenge here: enhance the linear type approach of Singularity messages with complete storage accountability during message exchange. See if a system can be successfully structured using language based mechanisms when the assumption that there is an infinite pool of storage is abandoned.
6 The Funding Challenge
Without wandering too far from a mostly technical discussion, it seems important to say a word about where and how the integration of language and OS research seems likely to happen.
Regrettably, DARPA has seen fit to abandon research funding for computer science in the United States. This is hardly news to anyone who reads the New York Times. While the NSF funding model is good at many things, it is not structured to support large scale, single investigator projects that exceed three years. Europe seems to be putting research funding into OS research, and that is promising. Because of this, it seems likely that leadership in both areas will shift to Europe over the next few years.
Another path to consider is commercial funding. While research funding has disappeared in the United States, there is active funding through various SBIR initiatives. Investigators may want to consider more active collaborations with small companies as a path to funding and deploying this type of work. One thing is clear: the days of unlimited funding for core computer science in the United States are over, and we must consider new and creative collaboration strategies if core computer science is to remain viable and relevant.
7 Conclusion
Programming language advances have a lot to offer the operating systems community, but only if they can be embodied in a language that preserves state, (idiomatic) manual storage management, and low-level representation control. BitC is one attempt at this, but we would frankly prefer to work on operating systems and let programming language experts deal with these issues.
Systems programmers will adopt a new language if it gives them greater ability to understand and maintain the very complex programs that we write. So far, modern programming languages have come at the cost of a prohibitive level of abstraction. Perhaps the programming language community will revisit these issues.
- M. Aiken, M. Fähndrich, C. Hawblitzel, G. Hunt, and J. R. Lauris. ``Deconstructing Process Isolation.'' Microsoft Technical Report MSR-TR-2006-43. Microsoft, Inc. 2006
- Thomas Ball and Sriram K. Rajamani. ``The SLAM Project: Debugging System Software via Static Analysis.'' Proc. 2002 ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Conference on Principles of Programming Languages, 2002.
- E. Biagioni. ``A Structured TCP in Standard ML.'' Proc. SIGCOMM 1994. pp. 36–45. 1994.
- T. Blackwell. ``Speeding up Protocols for Small Messages.'' Proc. ACM SIGCOMM '96. pp. 85–95. Sep. 1996.
- J. Bonwick and J. Adams. ``Magazines and Vmem: Extending the Slab Allocator to Many CPUs and Arbitrary Resources.'' Proc. 2001 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, pp. 15–33. Boston, MA. 2001
- E. Brewer, J. Condit, B. McCloskey, and F. Zhou. ``Thirty Years is Long Enough: Getting Beyond C.'' Proc. Tenth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating System (HotOS X), USENIX, 2005.
- H. Chen and J. Shapiro, ``Using Build-Integrated Static Checking to Preserve Correctness Invariants.'' Proc. 11th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. pp. 288–297. Washington, DC. 2004
- H. Derby. The Performance of FoxNet 2.0. CMU Technical Report CMU-CS-99-137. 1999.
- Iavor S. Diatchki, Mark P. Jones, and Rebekah Leslie. ``High- level Views on Low-level Representations.'' Proc. 10th ACM Conference on Functional Programming pp. 168–179. September 2005.
- M. Fähndrich, M. Aiken, C. Hawblitzel, O. Hodson, G. Hunt, J. R. Lauris, and S. Levi. ``Language Support for Fast and Reliable Message-based Communication in Singularity OS.'' Proc. EUROSYS 2006, Leuven Belgium. 2006
- T. Hallgren, M. P. Jones, R. Leslie, and A. Tolmach. ``A Principled Approach to Operating System Construction in Haskell.'' Proc. International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP'05), Sep. 2005. Tallinn, Estonia. pp. 116–128.
- ISO, International Standard ISO/IEC 8652:1995 (Information Technology — Programming Languages — Ada) International Standards Organization (ISO). 1995.
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- Simon Peyton Jones (ed.). Haskell 98 Language and Libraries: The Revised report. Cambridge University Press. 2003.
- J. S. Shapiro, J. M. Smith, and D. J. Farber. ``EROS, A Fast Capability System'' Proc. 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. Dec 1999. pp. 170–185. Kiawah Island Resort, SC, USA.
- J. S. Shapiro and N. Hardy. ``EROS: A Principle-Driven Operating System from the Ground Up.'' IEEE Software, 19(1). Jan. 2002.
- J. S. Shapiro, Eric Northup, M. Scott Doerrie, and Swaroop Sridhar. Coyotos Microkernel Specification, 2006, available online at www.coyotos.org.
- J. S. Shapiro. A C++ Toolkit, Prentice Hall, 1999.
J. S. Shapiro, S. Sridhar, and M. S. Doerrie. BitC Language
Specification, version 0.3+
http://coyotos.org/docs/bitc/spec.html - S. Sridhar and J. Shapiro. ``Type Inference for Unboxed Types and First Class Mutability'' Proc. 3rd ECOOP Workshop on Programming Languages and Operating Systems (PLOS 2006) San Jose, CA. 2006.


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CHEYENNE — The Senate Education Committee endorsed two bills on Monday aimed at restarting ambitious education reform in Wyoming.
The panel approved House bills 72 and 91 and sent both measures to the full Senate for debate.
The bills deal with bringing more accountability to Wyoming's K-12 education system, an effort lawmakers have been working on for several years.
However, legislators say parts of the effort that were supposed to be done by now weren't completed because the Wyoming Department of Education failed to do its job over the past year.
The Legislature last month passed a law removing state schools Superintendent Cindy Hill from heading up the agency, and lawmakers say the accountability effort can now resume, although some aspects will be delayed.
Hill has filed a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the new law.
House Bill 91 restarts certain education reform functions and removes a piece of current law that threatened districts with the loss of state funding if underperforming schools are not making improvement.
The proposed measure also removes a requirement that high school seniors take a college placement test, leaving no way to measure the performance of seniors.
In addition, it calls for an attempt to determine if the Hathaway college scholarship, which is available to graduating seniors, could be used to measure the performance of seniors.
House Bill 72 would develop a system to measure the performance of teachers, superintendents, principals and other educators. However, it would weaken previous law that tied student achievement to teacher performance.
The Senate committee adopted another change that would drop a provision to identify a specific teacher - a so-called teacher of record - to be accountable for a student's performance.
Committee member Sen. Chris Rothfuss, D-Laramie, said trying to identify a teacher of record was too problematic and impractical.
"We've really been hearing a lot in the last couple of years that while this might sound good at the 50,000-foot level, when you actually get down into implementation it was be detrimental to education of the kids," Rothfuss.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sam Bovard is a weird dude on the cusp of adulthood. His immaculate capacity for sports knowledge has terminally crippled his social skills, leaving him paralyzed in large groups, and halted the growth of his maturity at age thirteen. But he's just fine with that. He is currently a student at Grove City College, just outside of Pittsburgh. Follow Sam on Twitter@Free_Samson. You know, if you want to.
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Published 4:16 p.m. April 19, 2012
Dwight Howard was, at one time, beloved. Now he's fallen from our good graces. From his indecision to stay with the Orlando Magic to his passive-aggressive feud with Stan Van Gundy, we see the real Dwight Howard.
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Sam chronicles the New York Knicks' victory over the Boston Celtics, stream-of-consciousness style.
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NFL commissioner Roger Goodell sat down with Detroit Lions All-Pro defensive tackle Ndamukong Suh on Tuesday to "talk" about his alleged brutality on the field.
Published 4:59 p.m. October 24, 2011
With the NBA season seemingly terminated, college basketball will have to take its place with the mass of lost fans. You won't be disappointed.
Published 1:36 p.m. October 18, 2011
The saga of Cincinnati Bengals owner Mike Brown and quarterback Carson Palmer was seemingly destined for a bitter end. Thanks to Hue Jackson and the Oakland Raiders, both sides are happy.
Published 7:41 p.m. October 12, 2011
We haven't seen the last of players and owners squabbling for more cash. The NBA lockout is sprawling out of control and losing fans with each passing day.
Published 10:14 p.m. July 25, 2011
The epic odyssey that has become the NFL Labor Agreement finds itself dead at the age of 18 long months, just in time to have a regular season. A see-through plot with no surprises like the lockout doesn't sit well with Balls Without Discretion.
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A tribute to college basketball's most aware star, Kemba Walker.
Published 7:28 a.m. March 23, 2011
Carmelo Anthony's trade was a turning point for the New York Knicks and, more importantly, the Denver Nuggets, who are poised to make some waves in the NBA.
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Freshman point guard Kendall Marshall leads a potent UNC Tar Heel team to the Sweet Sixteen as the Madness progresses.
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Jerry Sloan announced his retirement on Wednesday after coaching the Jazz for 23 years. BWD salutes the toughest coach of this generation.
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Do position battles make you hot around the collar? If so, read Sam's preview of the Green Bay Packers vs. the Chicago Bears Sunday showdown.
Published 12:41 p.m. January 20, 2011
Sam breaks down the AFC Championship game from Turin, Italy, surrounded by empty jars of Nutella.
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Iam have been learning alot from this site its great! Have a question when on second life for linux when the media button is pressed Second Life crashes every time. ...
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Second Life problems
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When you launch ./secondlife fron terminal, what do you get on terminal while crashing?
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Hello and Welcome.
If Linden Labs is aware of the problem and they haven't patched it yet, chances are not good for getting it fixed on your own. Unless of course you know how to write/read the source code.I do not respond to private messages asking for Linux help, Please keep it on the forums only.
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One Response to "Kiss My Ass"
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Testing homemade scratched film
I used a wire brush
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Oye, que way queda!! no? ya sabes... truco, truco!! :-P
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The Tenerife Auditorium in considered one of the emblmes of the city, and was designed by th…
Graffitis of Tenerife
Another of my little obsessions. Lomographing the art that happens on the streets of my city…
Tenerife Carnival
Santa Cruz de Tenerife Carnival, together with San Fermines and Las Fallas, is one of the mo…


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Story Highlight
Hear the brand new single from last year's X Factor winners.
This morning, we premiered the brand new single from last year's X Factor winners Little Mix and it's called DNA.
It's the title track from their forthcoming album and follows Little Mix's previous single Wings.
Check out the lyric video below from Jade, Perrie, Leigh-Anne and Jesy and tell us what you think:
Tags: KISS Fresh, Little Mix, Music


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ADVICE: HOW-TO... Get FREE Death Certificates from ILLINOIS State Archives Cook County, Illinois ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Information contributed for use in Cook County ILGenWeb (from Cook-Co-L mail-list) with permission from original submitters UPDATED on 14 Jul 2000 UPDATED on 07 Mar 2001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Some Illinois death records are available at the Illinois State Archives for free. Please note the following: 1. Illinois Death records as recorded with the Illinois Department of Public Health are available at the Illinois State Archives in Springfield for the years 1916 through 1945 only. 2. The Archives will accept requests for two (2) death records per mailing or phone call. 3. Unless a certified copy is desired, there will be no charge for uncertified photocopies of the records. 4. The Illinois State Archives Regional Depository (IRAD) system may have some death records as recorded with Illinois County Clerks. These records vary in date spans; records are not available for all counties. The earliest date of records maintained by County Clerks in most cases is 1877. You can check the holdings of the Illinois Regional Archives depositories via the Illinois Archives websites by using your "Back" button on your browser which will return you to our RESOURCE page. From that page, select the "ARCHIVES" category. Current links to the various ILLINOIS State Archives websites are available. 5. Requests to the Archives can be made by mail, phone, or fax at: (no longer via email -- Jan 2001) Illinois State Archives Norton Building Capitol Complex Springfield, IL 62756 Phone: (217)782-3556 (217)782-3545 (217)782-3553 Fax: (217)524-3930 You can also use their ONLINE FORM at http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/cgi-bin/archives/arcreq.s If you have any questions, please feel free to contact the Illinois State Archives reference staff at the above addresses. (thanks to Bob Grimm for providing this info)
© 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Cook County ILGenWeb


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Just when I mentioned I don't own a camera with a built-in Wi-Fi function (read my previous entry), Stuff sent me one with this feature to try out. The Canon G1X Mark II. And yes, it AMAZED me - from shooting with it, to carrying it around and getting the pictures, absolutely wow.
To view and download the pictures instantly from my smartphone, all I need is to download the Canon CameraWindow app onto my phone, connect it to the camera through Wi-Fi and voila - no hassle! Not to mention that the quality of the pics still really amaze me when I view them on my phone. They don't lose quality at all.
Here are the other reasons why I love the Canon PowerShot G1X Mark II:
More after the break...
Impressively, I could tell a huge difference between using my own camera and Canon's when it came to shake and blur while shooting on automatic. The G1X Mark II produces sharp and focused pictures. Even from inside a moving car, I could easily take a quick shot of the moon without it looking shaky.
Its sensor is huge - almost the size of a full DSLR - but the body is light at 558g. It's really compact too so yay to bringing it wherever you go, without feeling tired and troubled. You can see in the picture above how it slips nicely into my bag.
I've made my judgement: I love it! I recommend you try it yourself to make yours.
Thanks to our sponsors
The Stuff Singapore Cover Girl Search is powered by Nokia, Canon and Funan DigitaLife Mall, and sponsored by Pioneer, Lenovo and Clarke Quay. It's supported by Zalora, Phantom Models, Power 98, Opera, WATSinside, and photography studio Vineyard Productions. All sponsors will be with us online and at offline events throughout the entire campaign - until the winner rocks the cover of our August issue. Hold on tight, it's set to be a whole heap of fun...


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Chaney Allen Women's Continuum of Care
The Crossroads Center's Chaney Allen Women's Continuum of Care (CAWCC) program is designed to provide structured, progressive treatment to substance abusing women, with an emphasis on treating women with dependent children and women of childbearing age. The program is culturally sensitive, integrating culturally appropriate protocols with evidence based treatment practices. In addition, the program is gender specific with a focus on issues relevant for women such as, physical and sexual abuse, and parenting.
The program is structured to provide a continuum of care beginning with focused community outreach and education, centralized assessment with screening to the appropriate level of care, individual and group therapy at an outpatient or residential level of care, case management services, structured day and evening childcare and psychiatric treatment.
The goals of the treatment program are multifaceted and focus on the following:
To reduce recidivism by educating and linking returning women offenders to community based services. |
To decrease the active incidence of marijuana, cocaine, alcohol and other drug use among women, especially those of childbearing age. |
To enhance social, cultural, family, economic and spiritual functioning. |
To reduce the rates of relapse among substance abusing women. |
To reduce the adverse effects of maternal substance abuse on children. |
Moreover, the program is designed to provide services and activities that impact several co-occurring problems such as child abuse/neglect, trauma issues, chronic health issues, dual disorders, employment and self-sufficiency and home management deficiencies.
The program has collaborative relationships with the Hamilton County Jobs and Family Services (JFS), Marysville and Franklin Pre-release correctional facilities, Hamilton County Justice Center, probation and parole, University of Cincinnati Psychiatric Emergency Services (PES) and Central Community Health Board (CCHB).
Women may not be admitted if:
i. The individual is going through withdrawal
ii. The individual is suicidal
iii. Medical and/or psychiatric needs are too high to be appropriately admitted.
Women may bring two children under the age of five to be housed with her as she completes her residential treatment.
Chaney Allen Perinatal/Postpartum
The Crossroads Center's Chaney Allen Perinatal/Postpartum Women's program (PPW) is designed to provide outpatient or residential treatment to substance-abusing women who are pregnant or have given birth, experienced a miscarriage or had an abortion within 12 months preceding admission. The program is culturally sensitive; integrating an African American worldview (i.e. faith and the importance of family) with science based treatment practices. In addition, the program is gender specific with a focus on physical and sexual abuse, parenting and relationships relevant to females.
The program is structured to provide a continuum of care including priority assessment, individual and group therapy, case management services structured day and evening childcare and medical somatics.
The goals of the program are multifaceted and focus on the following customer behaviors:
Decreasing the active incidence of marijuana, cocaine, alcohol and other drug use among women, especially pregnant and those of childbearing age. |
Improving family functioning, especially for all parenting customers. |
Enhancing social, cultural and spiritual functioning. |
Reducing the rates of relapse among substance abusing women. |
Reducing the adverse effects of maternal substance abuse on children. |
Moreover, the program is designed to provide services and activities that impact several co-occurring problems such as health problems, child abuse/neglect, employment, self-sufficiency and home management deficiencies.
The assessment process is expedited for pregnant clients. A structure referral process provides linkage with a university high risk pregnancy center, court and criminal justice systems, the Department of Jobs and Family Services, community mental health centers, case management agencies and psychiatric emergency services.
Childcare is provided in the program's newly constructed state licensed child development center. Two children, ages 5 and under, may enter treatment with mom.
Admission Criteria
The individual must be pregnant or have given birth, experienced a miscarriage or had an abortion within the 12 months preceding admission and is drug involved.
Outpatient Services
Organized therapeutic services providing outpatient care for women needing less than a 24-hour structured environment. These individuals can take advantage of either Intensive Outpatient or traditional Outpatient treatment.
These women are also able to bring children under the age of five to the facility. The children receive early developmental services while the mothers are in their outpatient counseling sessions/groups.
Pre & Post Release Program
A collaboration between The Crossroads Center, Franklin Pre Release Center, Marysville Correctional Institute and local jails and courts. This program targets under-served and high risk offenders returning to the southwestern portion of the state of Ohio, including Hamilton, Butler, Montgomery, Warren and Clermont counties. Services provided to these institutions include assisting with on-site rehabilitation, as well as assisting with the planning for community re-entry of women prior to their release.
The Women's Pre & Post Release Program utilizes culturally and gender appropriate problem solving processes to engage and support the returning offender in her efforts to successfully re-enter the community and become a productive, responsible and drug-free adult.-
The goals of the program are:
Reduce the rate of recidivism through linking returning female offenders with histories of substance abuse to community based services |
Improve the capacity of the returning female offenders for a productive lifestyle |
Improve the capacity of the returning female offender for family, social, cultural and economic functioning. |
The participants of the program are assessed for service needs and referred by staff to halfway houses, aftercare treatment, job training programs, work release programs, community support programs and other community resources. Services provided by Crossroads include substance abuse education, community and prison outreach, reunification plan development, and linkage with community resources or support.
Program services include:
Individual Counseling
Group Counseling
Family Counseling
Case Management
Drug Screening
Medical/Somatic Services
Crisis Intervention
Prevention & Education


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The first may be a little predictable, but I'm going with the Wish. Maybe for the 2nd, the Home? When you come aboard, they can say "Welcome Home"
If we want to get a little more out there, even though there's already a car by this name, the Aspire? Or even the Imagination?
......Late addition, what about the Family?


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The English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Unit supports students and staff whose first language is not English. We also provide Teacher Training and offer specialist courses in academic, business and general English.
Welcome to the Language Centre
Welcome to the Language Centre
The Language Centre supports the learning and teaching of languages within and outwith the University. We are...
the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Unit
the Modern Foreign Languages (MFL) Section
a test centre for the International English Language Testing System (IELTS)
the specialist Language Centre Library
From September 2014, there will be an expanded programme of Languages for International Mobility, with courses offered in various languages. These courses, which are worth 10 credits each, are aimed at students who are interested in learning a language but for whom courses in SMLC's language degree provision may be unsuitable or unavailable. See our website for further details.
We are an examination centre for IELTS (International English Language Testing System). Tests are held at least once a month on a Saturday.
LC Library
All language learning in the University is supported by the Language Centre Library: browse, borrow or use our audio-visual and IT study facilities.


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Author:John F. Woodhull
From Wikisource
←Author Index: Wo | John F. Woodhull |
Articles in Popular Science Monthly[edit]
- 1. "Home-Made Apparatus", in Popular Science Monthly Volume 35, August 1889
Some or all works by this author are in the public domain in the United States because they were published before January 1, 1923. They may be copyrighted outside the U.S. (see Help:Public domain). However, works published before 1923 may be in the public domain in countries where they would ordinarily be copyrighted (due to the term of 70 years [or less] after the author's death having not yet expired) but whose legislature has waived copyright by accepting the rule of the shorter term.


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MSI has long been one of the leaders in innovative designs for motherboards in the Taiwan market. MSI's presence in Taiwan and the Asia-Pacific region is vast and plentiful. They have made it their business to find out what you want and to try to bring it to you at an affordable price. MSI has been known as a major AMD Athlon supporter in the past with more boards seem to be appearing for AMD systems everyday.
With Intel's introduction of cheaper Pentium 4 alternative solutions and solutions from SiS and VIA also being available, MSI has branched out into the Pentium 4 realm. They even managed to gain some fame with their Pentium 4 i845 Ultra line of boards. These motherboards supported DDR, USB 2.0, RAID, LAN and hardware audio. This was one of MSI's biggest successes. They have made other Pentium 4 boards before this, but none more popular than this baby.
Now with 533FSB coming to bear and SiS being one of the major Intel endorsed P4 chipset solution providers, MSI has developed the SiS 645E MAX2 Motherboard based on the SiS 645DX chipset.


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The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology at Hasbro Children's Hospital
Directions to Hasbro Children's and East Providence locations
Request an Appointment NowFor more information or to make an appointment, please call us at 401-444-8306. Our fax number is 401-444-8748.
The pediatric gastroenterology division at Hasbro Children's Hospital is a research center for the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Registry.
The Pediatric IBD Collaborative Research Group (PIBD CRG) formed the IBD Registry to gather demographics, clinical and laboratory information, as well as responsiveness to treatment data on children newly diagnosed with IBD.
Twenty-one centers throughout the United States and Canada have enrolled more than 600 children to participate in the study. This prospective, observational research program will examine treatments and quality-of-life outcomes to gain a better understanding of how these issues impact children newly diagnosed with IBD.
In 2006, we were named the best new site for the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Registry.


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It's tile time! The plan was to tile from baseboards to 33" above the counter. However, I have ONE drawer that will not clear the entire way out (just halfway out....old, crooked house). SO, plans have changed. Would you stop the tile at the inner corner to the right of the window or wrap it around to where the counter stops at that run? I don't want it to look out of place since there isn't a cabinet there, but I'm having trouble picturing it either way. It will go up roughly 33" (a subway and chair rail). (sorry for the sad photos...snapped these after getting home from a 6 week trip...dh had been hard at work on the kitchen instead of on keeping house. haha!) entering kitchen from dining...that corner will be the first thing you see area in question looking from breakfast room (after entering through rear door of house) |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by kitchengirl (My Page) on Sun, Aug 18, 13 at 12:50
younggardener, Can you specify which drawer/s won't open? I re-read your post, but can't understand your problem. Are you saying you will tile from the wall above the range going right above the sink and then need to stop somewhere to allow a drawer to open fully? If yes, which drawer/s are on the crooked wall? |
- Posted by lavender_lass (My Page) on Sun, Aug 18, 13 at 13:18
You mean the drawers in the cabinet to the right of the window won't open? That is going to be tricky. I think I would do the tile on the range and window walls, but not on the little wall with the sticky drawer. That would really be a side-splash (LOL) so I think it would look just fine not having the tile there. Maybe a nice picture or shelves for herbs, instead? Nice to see you on the forum! I have been gone a lot, too...but it's great to see your kitchen. You've accomplished so much and I hope you'll post pictures of the entire house :) |
- Posted by young-gardener (My Page) on Sun, Aug 18, 13 at 14:06
Yes, the problem drawers are to the right of the window, next to the dishwasher. It's the middle drawer that is the issue, so the wall must bow out in the middle. Here is a picture with the middle drawer fully extended. The problem starts about halfway out. We will tile on the range wall and window wall for sure. The wall in question is the remaining wall, perpendicular to the sink wall. ....the sidesplash, as Lav calls it. ;) Perhaps I should add that because the wall isn't perfect, the counter isn't flush with the wall on that end (or anywhere else, really). We will have to do a trim piece at the base of all the backsplash in order to correct the gaps. SO, the wall in question will either have to have tile AND the trim piece or JUST the trim piece. I'm not sure which would look least offensive. ;) counter under wall in question (gap varies, but here is the biggest part) sample of a small gap spot (on window wall) sample of a big gap spot (on range wall) I guess my worry is that if I don't tile this wall, the trim piece will be extra obvious. (As you can see the gap isn't consistent all the way around the room but is enough in places that we can't skip the trim piece. Old houses....sigh!) Perhaps it doesn't matter, but the basic tile layout will be similar to this (with more rows of the horizontal subway and a pencil between the horizontal and vertical tiles) |
- Posted by lavender_lass (My Page) on Sun, Aug 18, 13 at 14:25
Will the trim piece in that section be stained to match the counter? I don't think it will be that obvious. If you did add some shelves, they would balance the open shelves you have on the range wall. From what I remember about your plans, you wanted some display space and room for glass jars, etc. |
- Posted by palimpsest (My Page) on Sun, Aug 18, 13 at 15:20
- Posted by young-gardener (My Page) on Sun, Aug 18, 13 at 15:35
palimpsest - I like that much better than what we've started doing. I wonder.... |
- Posted by young-gardener (My Page) on Sun, Aug 18, 13 at 18:00
Lav- Not sure how I missed your message. The trim we thought, would be white when against the tile so it wouldn't stand out? But, I don't see why it couldn't be stained, even if only in the section with no tile. Seems like I need to get some sample pieces to set out...just to see. Here is what I finished during the baby's nap today. |
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Notation basée sur
6 Avis
5 sur novembre 13, 2012
My husband and I went for a short weekend break in October this year. We felt at home without even having seen our room. The warm reception from Patricia and Paul was what sold us. When we stepped into the business suite room, we felt it was such good value. Large, well-decorated room with a small kitchenette and a bed which allowed us to stare into the night sky through the roof window. The breakfast the next morning was excellent, prepared personally (and generously) by Paul. Suffice to say we skipped lunch after breakfast at Paul & Patricia's. We're already looking forward to staying at theirs in summer 2013, this time with kids!
4,8 sur août 07, 2012
My husband, my daughter and I stayed at this beautiful B&B for two nights in June. We had the Black and Business suites, both spacious rooms, tastefully decorated. Patricia's and Paul's welcome was extremely friendly and we received lots of useful information about Antwerp. The breakfast - more of a brunch actually - was outstanding. The location is very good too, close to the train station and a tramway that goes to the Old Town. We would definitely go back should we visit Antwerp again.
4,8 sur août 03, 2012
Very friendly and helpful hosts, beautiful house and rooms.
4,0 sur janvier 11, 2012
We had a fantastic time during our stay. Paul and Patricia are very kind and they certainly know how to spoil their guests. Breakfast was truly amazing and so yummie! We will definitely come back!
4,8 sur octobre 23, 2011
The stay was perfect, never had such a delicious breakfast/brunch. Host and hostess were very kind and helpful. The house is beautiful.
5 sur juillet 26, 2011
I cannot say enough nice things about Antwerp B&B. Paul and Patricia were wonderful, funny, and interesting people. Their place is beautiful. They are incredibly hospitable. The rooms are wonderful and the breakfast is amazing (you won't need to eat lunch)!


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Charles Dickens: (1906)Published in 1906.Chesterton's books and essays on Charles Dickens are among his best. Growing up in London Chesterton found Dickens his best guide to his own background and much of his philosophy came from Dickens's own "social gospel." To understand Chesterton you need to read his biography on Dickens. It will help you understand why he called himself a "disreputable Victorian.Fan of this book? Help us introduce it to others by writing a better introduction for it. It's quick and easy, click here. Recent Forum Posts on Charles Dickens: (1906)What Can We Learn from "A Christmas Carol"?RE-posted in the "A Christmas Carol" forum Signature of Charles DickensHello, I am new to this site. I would like to know if Charles Dickens every did any art work? I have uncovered, under a very old painting, an etching signed C Dickens. It would be nice if it was Charles but of course it could be any old C Dickens! It is entitled "Old Village Teahouse Southborough." I have some very old Dickens books with illustrations all done by other people. Does anyone have a copy of his signature? Can anyone help me please? when was....when was he born? publishing date of david copperfieldI am an avid, though amateur, vintage article collector, mainly of the mildly eclectic. I recently received, as a gift, an early edition of the book David Copperfield with a printed copywrite date of 1847. The book also has an inscription with date (1847) by its original owner. How is this possible? All things I have read, in attempts to find out whether this is a book from the first 'collected' publishing, say the story David Copperfield is from Dickens' published entries of the story between the years 1848 and 1850. Please respond quickly, as this contradiction is driving me insane. dikenshis work is the best i have ever read. Alfied JingleIs there such a character as Alfied Jingle in Dicken's work? thanks ejm No Subjecthe died June 9,1870 No SubjectHE was BORN Friday, February 7, 1812 Post a New Comment/Question on Charles Dickens: (1906) |
Quizzes on Gilbert Keith ChestertonPlease submit a quiz here. Related links for Gilbert Keith ChestertonHere is where you find links to related content on this site or other sites, possibly including full books or essays about Gilbert Keith Chesterton written by other authors featured on this site. |
Art of Worldly Wisdom Daily In the 1600s, Balthasar Gracian, a jesuit priest wrote 300 aphorisms on living life called "The Art of Worldly Wisdom." Join our newsletter below and read them all, one at a time. |
Sonnet-a-Day Newsletter Shakespeare wrote over 150 sonnets! Join our Sonnet-A-Day Newsletter and read them all, one at a time. |


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A quiet hamlet deep in Hardangerfjord.
The wild and beautiful Ulvik
Ulvik is situated in Hardanger within a fjord landscape of blue fjord, gentle foothills with unspoiled nature and tall mountains with awesome mountain plateau. With warm and gentle summers providing a good mixture of sun and rain that lets you enjoy the wonders of nature and small gentle orchard farms. The scents and tastes of the orchard products tingles your senses and the scenery is a photographer's delight. It's no wonder why the only "living" orchard gene bank is located here at the horticultural school.
Ulvik has a long tradition within tourism making sure your vacation in Hardanger is a once in a life time experience. The village walks offers cultural sites, trails for hiking, farms with food market and cider tasting to visit, and activities in and around the fjord. A selection of accommodation is awaiting your stay; in hotels, hostels, bed & breakfast, cottages, campsites and even Mongolian yurt in Osa – the choice is yours.
Osa and Osa fjord with its mountain plateau
10 km from Ulvik and easily reachable by bike is the village Osa with its 30+ inhabitants. The area is steep in history with its remnants of the "forgotten" city and the attempt during the WW2 to continue building the power plant. The 1925 cafe is restored and offers a light snack with storytelling and touring of the shafts in the mountain. The little known "sea to sky" mountain toll road from Osa brings you to Hardangervidda where you can view from the distance the large glacier named Hardangerjøkulen and a plateau as far as you can see – all for yourself.
Nordalen and Austdalen walking areas.
Osa is where the two valleys of flora from east and vest meets for you to explore nature among rivers and waterfalls during gentle hikes up the valleys.
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Kristy Darnell is an advanced practice nurse in the Spine Care Center at Methodist Hospitals. The center aims to provide prompt, superior care to patients with diseases and disorders of the spine. Darnell worked with her director, Laurel Valentino, and intake coordinator Megan Bradburn to put together the comprehensive program to expedite care of spine patients, medical and surgical. Information from the patient is documented and reviewed by a physician, who then recommends a treatment plan. Darnell monitors patients throughout the plan, whether they need physical therapy, pain management, chiropractic referral, a dietitian for healthy eating or, if necessary, surgery. She maintains communication with the patient and physician throughout the experience to ensure total satisfaction. "Everyone has their own story, their own issues, so I like to have a personal approach with each person, so I can address their questions and concerns," Darnell said. Darnell calls patients every week to find out if they have seen improvement and to monitor treatment. "Our goal is to have pain-free patients so they can have a quality life because back pain is debilitating," she said. "With proper body mechanics, we can prevent a lot of injury. People abuse their backs on a daily basis. We're trying to help people treat their backs better." The center offers classes for patients and the community on healthy back mechanics; information on preoperative spinal surgery, focusing on what the patient can expect before and after spine surgery; and back pain classes that assist the patient in understanding the disease by reviewing a variety of diseases and causes of back pain. For more information or to schedule classes, call (888) 909-DOCS (3627). There is no cost to the public. Darnell has worked at Methodist Hospitals since 1984. She has an associate degree in nursing from St. Clair County Community College in Michigan, a bachelor of science degree in nursing from Valparaiso University, a master of science in nursing with a clinical nurse specialist and advanced practice nurse designation from VU, and a family nurse practitioner certificate from VU. Darnell lives in Crown Point and has a son, Alec Kalember, 14.
Get Driving Directions


text: Originally Posted by Sir_Brennus Waking up to this news is one of the best ways to start a day. I am so happy that the forces of evil that brought Doobya and his debt policies upon us haven been kept at bay again. Obama has won. The American people has won. The world has won.


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Jodie Emery Show reveals how marijuana-legalization movement makes progress
Marc Emery still has almost 600 days to serve in jail for selling marijuana seeds into the U.S.
But his wife Jodie has provided an upbeat news summary of the marijuana-legalization movement's progress in her latest episode of The Jodie Emery Show.
She praised Liberal leadership candidate Justin Trudeau for speaking in favour of decriminalization and possibly legalization of pot.
Even though she gave credit to Trudeau, she also acknowledged that he has been a flip-flopper. Last month, the Straight revealed how Trudeau has alienated antiprohibitionists in the past by voting for mandatory minimum sentences for pot-related offences.
If you're interested in a good roundup of what's happening in the war against the war on drugs, check out Emery's show below.
Jodie Emery speaks out!
Follow Charlie Smith on Twitter at twitter.com/csmithstraight.
Alcohol legalization rid our streets of bootleggers and marijuana legalization will rid our streets of drug dealers. We need to contact our legislators and tell them to legalize marijuana like beer and wine.


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Altar Ego
Photo by Kristine Dittmer PhotographyForget about your alter ego—it's time to get in touch with your altar ego. On Friday, March 1, Tre Bella Bridal is hosting Altar Ego, its annual fashion event, at the Washington Duke Inn and Golf Club.
The evening features both ready-to-wear and bridal fashion, with the former coming from Hadley Emerson, Adorn Boutique, Scout and Molly's of Chapel Hill and Smitten Boutique. The event will end with Tre Bella Bridal, Bella Bridesmaid and Bernard's Formalwear showing off the best attire for brides-to-be.
Founded in 2007 by sisters Kate Price, Rachael Price and Rebecca Simmons, Tre Bella has grown to include two stores, Tre Bella Bridal and Tre Bella Flowers. This year's Altar Ego is the fourth iteration of the event.
"We really wanted to create a show in the Triangle that was for everyone, not just brides, that featured amazing fashion and helped raise awareness for a good cause," Rachael says. "We really do not bill Altar Ego as a bridal event but as a fun evening for women to get together and have a night out."
The fashion show begins at 8:15pm, but there's plenty of excitement to be had before then. The doors officially open at 6:30pm, and the event kicks off with a cocktail hour, with drinks and hors d'oeuvres provided by the Washington Duke Inn. Participating boutiques will also be on hand to sell their merchandise during the wining and dining.
This year, Altar Ego is also hosting a special guest. Emily Giffin, the New York Times best-selling author of Something Borrowed and Something Blue, will be signing books during the cocktail hour before giving a presentation at 7:45pm.
And don't worry, you won't find any bridezillas here. In fact, for the second year in a row, proceeds from the event and a portion of the boutiques' sales will benefit Girls on the Run of the Triangle, a nonprofit focusing on character development for girls ages 8 to 12.
"We love their mission and that they are helping raise self-esteem in young girls in a positive and healthy way," Rachael says. "We also think they are the perfect fit for the event as we are a female-owned business, the evening is about having fun with your girlfriends and with Emily Giffin, we have a great model of a successful woman who worked very hard in her life to achieve her success."
If you've already started clearing your calendar for March 1, good news. We're giving away two tickets to the event. All you have to do is leave a comment by Monday, Feb. 25, with the reason you can't wait to attend Altar Ego along with your email address.
To order tickets and for more information, click here. General admission tickets are $50.


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P Siddy reverting to 2010 short ****. Cos that worked well.
P Siddy reverting to 2010 short ****. Cos that worked well.
WWCC - Loyaulte Mi Lie
"People make me happy.. not places.. people"
"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life." - Samuel Johnson
"Hope is the fuel of progress and fear is the prison in which you put yourself" - Tony Benn
#408. Sixty three not out forever.
Brb, starting a backyard crustacean farm.
"The Australian cricket captain is the Prime Minister Australia wishes it had. Steve Waugh is that man, Michael Clarke is not." - Jarrod Kimber
RIP Fardin Qayyumi and Craig Walsh - true icons of CricketWeb.
Petersen showing some worrying #swag with the pull.
Pitch looks a road
Batsman I tolerate: V. Richards, S. Tendulkar, E. Morgan, N. Hussain. KEVIN O F******* BRIEN
**** everything
Indians can't bowl - Where has the rumour come from as I myself and many indian friends arwe competent fast bowlers ?
With the English bid I said: Let us be brief. If you give back the Falkland Islands, which belong to us, you will get my vote. They then became sad and left
Why has the Gabba not sold out today? First day of the summer of cricket, #1 vs. #2 FFS.
Can't stop thinking about the Amla drop. Hating life. Nev would've caught it.
~ Cribbertarian ~
Rejecting 'analysis by checklist' and 'skill absolutism' since Dec '09
Originally Posted by John Singleton
what the **** is Healy going on with 'now they won't be over-turned' jesus christ first time i hear him speak for the summer and already i wanna kill me and him
Fake Nathan Hauritz @FakeHauritz
Only one session in, I know, but I'm getting a 2010/11 Ashes feel about Hilfenhaus. #AUSvSA
Fake Nathan Hauritz has never been wrong before
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Deutsche Bank A.G.
News about Deutsche Bank A.G., including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Predictions, Pet Peeves and Random Musings From Davos
Bankers and other attendees at the World Economic Forum offer their thoughts on regulation, oil prices and quantitative easing by the European Central Bank, among other subjects.
January 21, 2015, Wednesday
10 Wall Street Firms Fined Over Conflicts in Toys 'R' Us I.P.O.
Finra fined the firms $43.5 million, saying they implicitly or explicitly offered favorable research coverage in return for a role in a planned I.P.O.
December 11, 2014, Thursday
U.S. Accuses Deutsche Bank of Skirting Millions in Back Taxes
Prosecutors accuse the bank of a "scheme to evade" paying tens of millions of dollars in capital gains taxes in the sale of stock shares.
December 8, 2014, Monday
As Currency Settlement Draws Near, Barclays Gets Cold Feet
The next phase of the case will most likely present a greater test to the banks, as the focus shifts to criminal investigations and individual liability.
November 11, 2014, Tuesday
Financial Stability Board to Propose Stricter Capital Rules for Global Banks
The plan would require global systemically important banks to hold twice as much capital, 6 percent, as required by Basel III rules.
November 10, 2014, Monday
Theme in Big Banks' Latest Earnings Reports: Legal Costs
This time, regulators have the opportunity to rope in all the major players at once, Antony Currie of Reuters Breakingviews writes.
October 31, 2014, Friday
Familiar Clouds Still Shadow Deutsche Bank
The costs of litigation and regulation are still weighing on Deutsche Bank, and investors remain to be convinced that it has made the right call on fixed income, currencies and commodities, George Hay writes for Reuters Breakingviews.
October 29, 2014, Wednesday
Deutsche Bank Posts $117 Million Loss as Legal Costs Mount
Earnings at Germany's largest bank had been expected to suffer after it said last week that it had set aside an additional $1.1 billion to cover legal costs.
October 29, 2014, Wednesday
Deutsche Bank Announces Management Shakeup on Eve of Earnings Report
Stefan Krause, the chief financial officer, will shift to another position within the bank and Marcus Schenck, a Goldman Sachs partner, will be his replacement, the bank confirmed late Tuesday.
October 28, 2014, Tuesday
Results of Stress Tests Don't Guarantee Better Economic Health for Eurozone
The vast majority of banks in the eurozone are solid enough to survive a crisis, but only a minority are in a position to increase lending and help the eurozone avoid slipping back into recession.
October 27, 2014, Monday
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Constantine Builders, Inc. - Construction
Constantine Builders, Inc. (CBI) is the premier builder of dental facilities in the Pacific Northwest. With over 30 years of experience CBI builds its relationships based on trust, dependability, quality craftsmanship and integrity.
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>> Hangzhou: Four very large ore carriers under construction at China's Rongsheng Heavy Industries for Oman Shipping for long-term charter to Brazilian miner Vale have received added strengthening since last year's damage to Vale Beijing.
However, the Omani owner has said that the adjustments made have been "small" and that the company is "comfortable" that the 400,000 dwt vessels, all due for delivery this year from Rongsheng, are structurally safe.
The company emphasized that the design was a different one to that of Vale Beijing, which was built at STX Offshore & Shipbuilding in South Korea, and that the design had since been subjected to various analyses.
While the VLOCs in the valemax building programme share characteristics such as size and dimensions, each of the yards involved has its own design and way of constructing elements of the hull.
The first two of Oman's quartet of giant bulkers, Vale Liwa and Vale Sohar, have both been floated out since mid-March.
The owner and yard have agreed to put the delivery dates back by a few months. The two ships are now due to undergo sea trials next month and should be handed over in June. The second pair of Oman Shipping VLOCs are due to be delivered later in 2012.
(Source: Asiasis)


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Peace and Legacy.
Lee's Surrender
The surrender of Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia on April 9, 1865 effectively ended the War of the Rebellion. In an interesting twist of fate, Lee surrendered his forces at the home of Wilmer McLean in the village of Appomattox Court House. McLean had moved his family shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run, fought on July 21, 1861,which took place on on his farm in northern Virginia.
Lincoln's Assassination
President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 just five days after the surrender of Lee and almost 4 years to the day from his initial call for volunteers. Lincoln's assassination threw the country, already reeling from four years of conflict, into deep mourning. Northern anger over the assassination of Lincoln lead fueled an angry by the radical republicans that delayed the nation's quick healing hoped for by Lincoln.
Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)
The veterans who served during the war formed bonds of friendship that lasted far beyond the battlefield. These veterans were determined to see that these bonds continue throughout their lives, and as a result, formed a number of organizations.
GAR Membership
The GAR was a the largest fraternal organization composed entirely of veterans of the Union Army, Navy, and Marines who had served in the American Civil War. The structure included the National Organization, State level organizations known as Departments, and local units known as Posts. All members belonged to a Post and many communities across the United States had local posts of the GAR. As a national organization, the GAR existed from 1866 until 1956 with the death of its last member, Albert Woolson.
The GAR was instrumental in the establishment of Memorial Day as a national observance, they worked tirelessly for the expansion of widow's and veteran's pensions, and for many years, no US Presidential Candidate was elected without the endorsement of the GAR.


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Most Recent Articles In Fashion
Latest Fashion Articles
- Model Call: Heather Marks
- They Are Wearing: Paris Couture Week
- SAG Awards Red Carpet Photos: Winners & More Highlights of Awards Show
More Articles By
Manolo Blahnik, Jimmy Choo and Christian Louboutin have one woman to thank for their soaring success: Sarah Jessica Parker, or rather, her "Sex and the City" character, Carrie Bradshaw. All three designers were catapulted to cult status, thanks to the show and Bradshaw's footwear fetish (and that's not even counting the two feature films that were released). In Sex and the City 2, Louboutin's profile was raised even higher, thanks to his brand's placement in the opening scenes of the movie.
In every episode of HBO's megahit, which revolved around the friendship and love lives of Parker, Kim Cattrall, Kristin Davis and Cynthia Nixon, designers were name-checked so often they could almost be mistaken for characters in the show. Bradshaw once described a Richard Prince Louis Vuitton bag as "the best money I ever spent," and the beginning of the first film was all but centered on her custom-made wedding gown from Vivienne Westwood (after the movie was released, Net-a-porter sold out of a version of the dress.) Of course, the real woman behind all of this is Patricia Field, whose styling both reflected the zeitgeist and often set new trends. "They didn't write the show for fashion," Field said in WWD, "but they realized it was the hook and latched on to it."


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Wednesday, December 15th, 2010
The NCMS/NAM is located at 1200 Stewart Avenue adjacent to the Meadowbrook Parkway in Garden City, New York. Our telephone number is 516-832-2300.
From Points West
From Points East
From the South Shore
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Home About the NCMS NCMS Officers & Committees NCMS News Bulletin Members Area Meetings Legislative Updates Membership Application Links to Medical Websites Links to Members Websites Directions Contact Us Terms of Use Site Map Nassau Academy of Medicine serving Long Island and the surrounding area. 1200 Stewart Ave. | Garden City, NY 11530 | Tel: 516.832.2300 www.nacmed.org |
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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Guinness!
Facts about Guinness
- Breed: Catahoula Leopard Dog/Border Collie Mix
- Color: Tan/Yellow/Fawn - With White
- Age: Puppy
- Size: Med. 26-60 lbs (12-27 kg)
- Sex: Male
Guinness's Info...
Guinness is one of a littler of 6 puppies that were found with their mom under a porch in Norman, Oklahoma. The mom is a Catahoula Leopard Dog/pit mix, and the dad is thought to be a border collie/lab mix that lives in the neighborhood where they were found. We think they will be about 50 lbs when they are fully grown. Babies are weaned and about 9 weeks old as of the beginning of September 2013, and they and their mom are ready for new homes!
Guinness is one of the quieter pups in the litter, but still loves to play! We can tell him apart from the others because his little face is almost entirely white.
Other Pets at Annie's Rescue Foundation
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Guinness, a Norman Catahoula Leopard Dog/Border Collie puppy was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Catahoula Leopard Dog/Border Collie for sale in Norman, or seeking a Catahoula Leopard Dog/Border Collie puppy from a breeder in Norman.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in Norman already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a Norman breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even Catahoula Leopard Dog/Border Collie breeders who help with Catahoula Leopard Dog/Border Collie rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in Norman paves the way for another one to be saved.


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Betty!
Facts about Betty
- Breed: Rottweiler Mix
- Color: Black - With Brown, Red, Golden, Orange Or Chestnut
- Age: Adult
- Size: Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
- Sex: Female
Betty's Info...
I am already spayed, up to date with shots, and good with dogs.
Betty is a beautiful Rottweiler. Her D.O.B. is 2/05/09. She was a originally a stray, so she will need a large "Physical" fenced in area for her to run and play and get her sniff on. An active family that likes to walk or run, would be a plus. She loves playing with a kennel mate named Grason, and also loves her toys. Betty loves to play fetch and will "Give" when told to. She needs to work on all other commands though. She is going to need an experienced owner to help her blossom and become the all around great girl.
Meet-Your-Match Canineality color is: Orange Busy-Bee!!!!
For safety's sake, we are looking for homes with physical fenced in areas.
Please fill out our online adoption survey at www.mackenzies.info
Other Pets at Mackenzie's Animal Sanctuary
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Betty, a Lake Odessa Rottweiler dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Rottweiler for sale in Lake Odessa, or seeking a Rottweiler dog from a breeder in Lake Odessa.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in Lake Odessa already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a Lake Odessa breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even Rottweiler breeders who help with Rottweiler rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in Lake Odessa paves the way for another one to be saved.


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Anyone else out there grow this beauty? This is the first time I've had it in my garden and am very impressed with it's
stature, deep purple color, structure and impact in the garden. I grew them from seed indoors, and even though I've read they don't transplant well, they made a great transition to the garden and are branching out well with numerous flowers. Are there other varieties that you love out there? |
Follow-Up Postings:
I grow them and I am really fond of them. I also have the white growing and the pink growing. They look nice with all three colors growing together. I direct sowed mine in fall and they did great. Once you have them planted they reseed and come back on their own. |
I have tried all the "Queen" colors and several other kinds of cleome as well. I love Violet Queen the best--just beautiful. |
I've read Cleome can take moist soil. True? Jen |
- Posted by maureen1953 Z4 Central NY (My Page) on Mon, Jul 31, 06 at 11:55
Charinky- I'll have to try the other colors, I heard 'Helen Campbell' is a beautiful white. You are in Kentucky...when did your direct sowed seeds bloom? I'm afraid if I don't start them early indoors they won't bloom til very late in my zone 4 garden. ginny12- Do you start yours indoors ahead of time, or direct sow? When do your's start blooming? Jen- We've had LOTS and LOTS of rain here and they look beautiful...don't know how they would do in a permanently moist situation. |
I start them inside and I found out something the hard way. They need cool temperatures to germinate. Here, we plant annuals out in late May. If I start them in April and it is warm and sunny on the windowsill, I don't get great results. Better to start in March when it is pretty chilly on the windowsill. They can get leggy but I just plant them deep when it is time to go outdoors. They don't do much until it gets hot anyway. I would like to hear the results from someone who has wintersowed these as I have just learned of this technique. |
I was real impressed with cleome serrulata 'rocky mtn. bee plant' I winter sowed mine and they did fine. I will definitely do that one next year. Cherry queen is a real nice one too. |
- Posted by crazy_gardener ~Z2b~ AB Canada (My Page) on Wed, Aug 2, 06 at 3:26
Ronnie, I too WS'd some Rocky Mtn. Bee Plant this year, should be blooming any day now. If you leave it be and let it self-seed it will come back again for you next year. Nice photo! Sharon |
Maureen, The white ones are new to me and yes they are beautiful. I did direct sow them last fall and they have been blooming for about 3 weeks now. |
- Posted by cindy_newgardener z6 CT (My Page) on Thu, Aug 3, 06 at 7:39
I WS'ed both the tall Cleome and a shorter variety and they are blooming beautifully. |
- Posted by maureen1953 Z4 Central NY (My Page) on Thu, Aug 3, 06 at 13:08
Since I just got a photobucket account and am learning how to post pics, I'll try to post a pic of my cleome with other flowers: |
A panoply of purples! Love it! |
Beautiful Maureen. Save some of those seeds!!! I'll trade ya!! |
What is the purple stuff on top of the rocks?? Soo pretty. |
Looks like celosia to me. |
- Posted by maureen1953 Z4 Central NY (My Page) on Thu, Jul 10, 08 at 19:08
The purple stuff on top of the stone wall is Dragon's Blood Sedum. It's a great plant.. |
- Posted by newbie_in_nj 6b E/Central NJ (My Page) on Fri, Jul 11, 08 at 4:47
Spectacular color combination! I have the Cherry Queen but I really like color of the Violet. I just saw the Dragon's Blood Sedum in Costco yesterday. When I read about the plant in catalogs they say the flowers are "red" but yours have a much softer, deeply mauve/rose color that's gorgeous. Your picture looks like an upstate vacation spot. Thanks for sharing. |
- Posted by organic_kitten 7 (My Page) on Mon, Jul 14, 08 at 22:41
I am growing the pink ones, and they self-seeded with a vengeance from the three little seedlings I planted last year. I probably pulled up a couple of hundred seedings from that 'sowing" this year, but they pull up easily. My DH claims to hate pink, but he has repeatedly said these are the prettiest flowers he has ever seen. I love your purple ones, and I know I'll have to have some of those seeds next year. Heck, as fast as they grow, I may throw some out this year. Thank you so much for the picture. I love pinks and purples in my garden, and I wouldn't have planted them if I hadn't seen your picture. Kay |
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Reserve/Inquire Form for YTTs
Home > Yoga Teacher Training > YTT Instructors > Rates/Schedule YTT > Reserve/Inquire YTT
Once we receive your form, we'll send you availability info and instructions for paying the deposit. Thanks!
Questions? USA ph#: 415-704-5024 | CR ph#: (+506) 2642-1289 | Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Interested in our Weekly Yoga Retreat Rates? Click here: Yoga Retreat Rates and Reservations


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Partyline is on 1029thez.com
Missing Man Found Dead at Campsite
By: Wayne PowellPosted: Thursday, February 07, 2013
A report of a missing Eureka Springs man ended with the discovery of his body.
According to reports, an Arkansas Game and Fish officer discovered the body of 42-year-old William Stirnes late Monday night at a campsite.
The man's girlfriend, Jennifer Simmons, reported him missing February 1st saying she was supposed to meet him after work that day, but he never showed up. She said she went to his resident and found his wallet and cell phone, but his vehicle was not there.
She asked mutual friends for help and they told her about his favorite camping site. She and a friend attempted to go to the campsite but were unable to cross Kings River to access the site. She told Eureka Springs' officers about the campsite and they enlisted the help of the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission who sent the officer who discovered Stirnes' body.
The Carroll County Sheriff's office is now investigating the case and they have sent the man's body to the state coroner's office for autopsy.


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Zucchini Bread with Oats
For a slightly more virtuous quick bread—more like breakfast, less like dessert—reduce the amount of granulated sugar to one cup.
Smashed Potato Salad
This recipe was created by reader Kim Smithers in our Chef Watson potato salad challenge.
Tomato Grilled-Cheese Soup
Try pouring the soup directly over the sliced sandwich for an irresistible cheesy bread soup.
Brown Bread and Boiled Eggs
Hard-boiled eggs travel well and can be boiled in bulk at the beginning of the week. Make egg salad with the egg-stras!
Lentils and Chickpeas with Greens
A power lunch for grown-ups and kids alike.
Grilled Little Gem Salad with Pita Croutons
Yes—you can grill lettuce. And it's worth it.
Grilled Zucchini and Ricotta Flatbread
The only way to make flatbread even better? Grill it.
Elote (Mexican Grilled Corn)
This recipe is great for serving family-style: Put all of the ingredients out separately and let your guests top the corn however they wish. Watch the step-by-step video here.
Carrot Pancakes with Salted Yogurt
With a texture somewhere between a latke and a pancake, these vegetarian fritters are also gluten-free. (Thanks, chickpea flour!)
Stir-Fried Okra with Shallots, Chile, and Ginger
Working in batches ensures golden and tender okra, not soft and slimy.


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The Wikileaks organization has been in the news a great deal the past couple weeks with its large scale disclosure of internal communications from the US State Department, and promises to release reportedly explosive internal discussions from banks at a later date. I have held off commenting for awhile to see how the issue played out a bit, and what the potential effects on how enteprises use social software might be.
Last week's announcement that Mark Zuckerberg is Time magazine's "person of the year" for 2010 put the issue in perspective. Many were aghast at this perceived slight of Wikileaks's Julian Assange, but I tend to agree with it.
Too many years ago, I did a customized undergraduate college degree in the Philosophy of Journalism, so I probably should have some deeper opinions about the issues Wikileaks raises. When I was thinking about journalism in the early '80s, I was mostly considering differences between the Soviet model of journalism and how it compared to Western ideas. Like so many projects studying anything having to do with the Soviet Union, all that work has since become utterly obsolete and almost completely irrelevant.
Now I spend more time thinking about how enterprises use social software, an endeavour which might remain relevant for a bit longer. The Wikileaks affair actually does not have much to do with social media, or at least it shouldn't. Despite its name, Wikileaks does not have much to do with technologies like social networking, discussion boards, or even wikis. The organization uses fancy security and anonymization techniques to keep their web sites up and protect contributors, but there isn't much social about what they do in the way that Wikipedia or Yelp are social.
The rise of internet-mediated social interactions has had a profound influence on how we work, play, and interact as humans. Without downplaying the effect that Wikileaks will have on politics, journalism, and potentially business (if Assange's threat/promise to release controversial banking documents comes to pass), the influence of social software goes much further. While not the only driver, Facebook is the public face of this influence.
So for once, I agree with Time. It doesn't happen often.
I fear that an unavoidable, but unfortunate result of the furor around the Wikileaks disclosures will be an increased desire to lock down conversations and restrict communication at both commercial and government organizations. It will be used as a reason to block access to social media sites, stop sharing information, and treat many who want to collaborate widely with suspicion. After a period where sharing and access were generally encouraged, I fear that the pendulum will swing too far back the other way. This inevitable reaction is unfortunate from a social media perspective because encouraging participation is one of the biggest challenges I find organizations facing. As social software gains in maturity, usage grows beyond the pioneers who are naturally attracted to the technologies and interacting that way. After the pioneers, the settlers need encouragement. Clamping down amid an atmosphere of fear is not conducive to encouraging participation.
This would not be the first time that a desire for one thing triggered the opposite. When deciding on steps to take post-Wikileaks, I really hope that the familiar relationship between babies and bath water does not get forgotten.
Category: compliance Facebook privacy security social media social software Tags: Facebook, Julian Assange, Mark Zuckerberg, person of the year, TIME, wikileaks