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Getting the security privacy balance wrong
National security analyst Dr Anthony Bergin of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute wrote of the government's data retention proposals in the Sydney Morning Herald of August 14. I am a privacy advocate who accepts in fact that law enforcement needs new methods to deal with terrorism. I myself do trust there is a case for greater data retention in order to weed out terrorist preparations, but I reject Bergin's patronising call that "Privacy must take a back seat to security". He speaks soothingly of balance yet he rejects privacy out of hand. As such his argument for balance is anything but balanced.
Suspicions are rightly raised by the murkiness of the Australian government's half-baked data retention proposals and by our leaders' excruciating inability to speak cogently even about the basics. They bandy about metaphors for metadata that are so bad, they smack of misdirection. Telecommunications metadata is vastly more complex than addresses on envelopes; for one thing, the Dynamic IP Addresses of cell phones means for police to tell who made a call requires far more data than ASIO and AFP are letting on (more on this by Internet expert Geoff Huston here).
The way authorities jettison privacy so casually is of grave concern. Either they do not understand privacy, or they're paying lip service to it. In truth, data privacy is simply about restraint. Organisations must explain what personal data they collect, why they collect, who else gets to access the data, and what they do with it. These principles are not at all at odds with national security. If our leaders are genuine in working with the public on a proper balance of privacy and security, then long-standing privacy principles about proportionality, transparency and restraint provide the perfect framework in which to hold the debate. Ed Snowden himself knows this; people should look beyond the trite hero-or-pariah characterisations and listen to his balanced analysis of national security and civil rights.
Cryptographers have a saying: There is no security in obscurity. Nothing is gained by governments keeping the existence of surveillance programs secret or unexplained, but the essential trust of the public is lost when their privacy is treated with contempt.
Are we ready to properly debate surveillance and privacy?
The cover of Newsweek magazine on 27 July 1970 featured an innocent couple being menaced by cameras and microphones and new technologies like computer punch cards and paper tape. The headline hollered "IS PRIVACY DEAD?".
The same question has been posed every few years ever since.
In 1999, Sun Microsystems boss Scott McNally urged us to "get over" the idea we have "zero privacy"; in 2008, Ed Giorgio from the Office of the US Director of National Intelligence chillingly asserted that "privacy and security are a zero-sum game"; Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg proclaimed in 2010 that privacy was no longer a "social norm". And now the scandal around secret surveillance programs like PRISM and the Five Eyes' related activities looks like another fatal blow to privacy. But the fact that cynics, security zealots and information magnates have been asking the same rhetorical question for over 40 years suggests that the answer is No!
PRISM, as revealed by whistle blower Ed Snowden, is a Top Secret electronic surveillance program of the US National Security Agency (NSA) to monitor communications traversing most of the big Internet properties including, allegedly, Apple, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Skype, Yahoo and YouTube. Relatedly, intelligence agencies have evidently also been obtaining comprehensive call records from major telephone companies, eavesdropping on international optic fibre cables, and breaking into the cryptography many take for granted online.
In response, forces lined up at tweet speed on both sides of the stereotypical security-privacy divide. The "hawks" say privacy is a luxury in these times of terror, if you've done nothing wrong you have nothing to fear from surveillance, and in any case, much of the citizenry evidently abrogates privacy in the way they take to social networking. On the other side, libertarians claim this indiscriminate surveillance is the stuff of the Stasi, and by destroying civil liberties, we let the terrorists win.
Governments of course are caught in the middle. President Obama defended PRISM on the basis that we cannot have 100% security and 100% privacy. Yet frankly that's an almost trivial proposition. It's motherhood. And it doesn't help to inform any measured response to the law enforcement challenge, for we don't have any tools that would let us design a computer system to an agreed specification in the form of, say "98% Security + 93% Privacy". It's silly to us the language of "balance" when we cannot measure the competing interests objectively.
Politicians say we need a community debate over privacy and national security, and they're right (if not fully conscientious in framing the debate themselves). Are we ready to engage with these issues in earnest? Will libertarians and hawks venture out of their respective corners in good faith, to explore this difficult space?
I suggest one of the difficulties is that all sides tend to confuse privacy for secrecy. They're not the same thing.
Privacy is a state of affairs where those who have Personal Information (PII) about us are constrained in how they use it. In daily life, we have few absolute secrets, but plenty of personal details. Not many people wish to live their lives underground; on the contrary we actually want to be well known by others, so long as they respect what they know about us. Secrecy is a sufficient but not necessary condition for privacy. Robust privacy regulations mandate strict limits on what PII is collected, how it is used and re-used, and how it is shared.
Therefore I am a privacy optimist. Yes, obviously too much PII has broken the banks in cyberspace, yet it is not necessarily the case that any "genie" is "out of the bottle".
If PII falls into someone's hands, privacy and data protection legislation around the world provides strong protection against re-use. For instance, in Australia Google was found to have breached the Privacy Act when its StreetView cars recorded unencrypted Wi-Fi transmissions; the company cooperated in deleting the data concerned. In Europe, Facebook's generation of tag suggestions without consent by biometric processes was ruled unlawful; regulators there forced Facebook to cease facial recognition and delete all old templates.
We might have a better national security debate if we more carefully distinguished privacy and secrecy.
I see no reason why Big Data should not be a legitimate tool for law enforcement. I have myself seen powerful analytical tools used soon after a terrorist attack to search out patterns in call records in the vicinity to reveal suspects. Until now, there has not been the technological capacity to use these tools pro-actively. But with sufficient smarts, raw data and computing power, it is surely a reasonable proposition that – with proper and transparent safeguards in place – population-wide communications metadata can be screened to reveal organised crimes in the making.
A more sophisticated and transparent government position might ask the public to give up a little secrecy in the interests of national security. The debate should not be polarised around the falsehood that security and privacy are at odds. Instead we should be debating and negotiating appropriate controls around selected metadata to enable effective intelligence gathering while precluding unexpected re-use. If (and only if) credible and verifiable safeguards can be maintained to contain the use and re-use of personal communications data, then so can our privacy.
For me the awful thing about PRISM is not that metadata is being mined; it's that we weren't told about it. Good governments should bring the citizenry into their confidence.
Are we prepared to honestly debate some awkward questions?
- Has the world really changed in the past 10 years such that surveillance is more necessary now? Should the traditional balances of societal security and individual liberties enshrined in our traditional legal structures be reviewed for a modern world?
- Has the Internet really changed the risk landscape, or is it just another communications mechanism. Is the Internet properly accommodated by centuries old constitutions?
- How can we have confidence in government authorities to contain their use of communications metadata? Is it possible for trustworthy new safeguards to be designed?
Many years ago, cryptographers adopted a policy of transparency. They have forsaken secret encryption algorithms, so that the maths behind these mission critical mechanisms is exposed to peer review and ongoing scrutiny. Secret algorithms are fragile in the long term because it's only a matter of time before someone exposes them and weakens their effectiveness. Security professionals have a saying: "There is no security in obscurity".
For precisely the same reason, we must not have secret government monitoring programs either. If the case is made that surveillance is a necessary evil, then it would actually be in everyone's interests for governments to run their programs out in the open.
Attribute wallets
There's little debate now that attributes are at least as important as "identity" in making decisions about authorization online. This was a recurring theme at the recent Cloud Identity Summit and in subsequent discussions on Twitter, my blog site and Kuppinger Cole's. The attention to attributes might mean a return to basics, with a focus on what it is we really need to know about each other in business. It takes me back to the old APEC definition of authentication: the means by which the recipient of a transaction or message can make an assessment as to whether to accept or reject that transaction.
A few questions remain, like what is the best way for attributes to be made available? And where does all this leave the IdP? The default architecture in many peoples' minds is that attributes should be served up online by Attribute Providers in response to Relying Party's needing to know things about Subjects instantaneously. The various real time negotiations are threaded together by one or more Identity Providers. Here I want to present an alternative but complementary vision, in which attributes are presented to Relying Parties out of digital wallets controlled by the Subjects concerned, and with little or no involvement of Identity Providers as such.
Terminology: In this post and in most of my works I use the nouns attribute, claim and [identity] assertion interchangeably. What we're talking about are specific factoids about the first party to a transaction (the "Subject") that are interesting to the second party in the transaction (the "Relying Party" or Service Provider). In general, each attribute is vouched for by an authoritative third party referred to as an Attribute Provider. In some special cases, an RP can trust the Subject to assert certain things about themselves, but the more interesting general case is where the Relying Party needs external assurance that a given attribute is true for the Subject in question. I don't have much to say about self-asserted attributes.
The need to know
As much as we're all interested in identity and "trust" online, the authentication currency of most transactions is attributes. The context of a transaction often determines (and determines completely) the set of attributes and their target values that together determine whether a party is authorised or not. For example, in the retail shopping context, if the Subject is a shopper, the RP a merchant and the transaction a credit card purchase, then the attributes of interest are the cardholder name, account number, billing address and maybe the card verification code. In the context of dispensing an electronic prescription, the only attribute might be the doctor's prescriber number (pharmacists of course don't care who the doctor 'really is'; notoriously they can't even read the doctor's handwriting). For authorising a purchase order on behalf of a company, the important attributes might be the employee position and staff ID. For opening a new bank account, Know-Your-Customer (KYC) rules in most jurisdictions will dictate that such attributes as legal name, address, date of birth and so on be presented in a prescribed form (typically by way of original government issued ID documents).
For most of the common attributes of interest in routine business, there are natural recognised Attribute Authorities. Some are literally authoritative over particular attributes. Professional bodies for instance issue registration numbers to accountants, doctors, engineers and so on; employees assign staff IDs; banks issue credit card numbers. In other cases, there are de facto authorities; most famously, driver licenses are relied on almost universally as proof of age around the world.
Sometimes rules are laid down that designate certain organisations to act as Attribute Providers - without necessarily using that term. Consider how KYC rules in effect designate Attribute Authorities. In Australia, the Financial Transaction Reports Act 1988 (FTRA) has long established an identity verification procedure called the "100 point check". FTRA regulations prescribe a number of points to various identification documents, and in order to open a bank account here, you need to present a total of 100 points worth of documents. Notable documents include:
- Birth certificate: 70 points
- Current passport: 70 points
- Australian driver licence [bearing a photo]: 40 points
- Foreign driver licence [not necessarily bearing a photo]: 25 points
- Credit card: 25 points.
So in effect, the financial regulators in Australia have designated driver license bureaus and credit card issuers to be Attribute Providers for names (again, without actually using the label "AP"). Under legislated KYC rules, a bank creating a new customer account can rely on assertions made by other banks or even foreign driver license authorities about the customer's name, without needing to have any relationship with the "APs". Crucially, the bank need not investigate for itself nor understand the detailed identification processes of the "APs" listed in the KYC rules. Of course we can presume that KYC legislators took advice on the details of how various identity documents are put together, and in the event that an error is found somewhere in the production of an identity feeder document then forensic investigation would follow, but the important point is that routinely, the inner workings of all the various APs are opaque to most relying parties. The bank as RP does not need to know how a license bureau does its job.
And yet we do know that the recognised Attribute Providers continuously improve what they do. Consider driver licenses. In Australia up until the 1970s, driver licenses were issued on paper. Then plastic cards were introduced with photographs. Numerous anti-copying measures have been rolled out since then, such as holograms, and guilloche, optically variable and micro printing. Now the first chipped driver licenses are being issued, in which cryptographic technology not only makes counterfeiting difficult but also enables digitally signed cardholder details to be transmitted electronically (the same trick utilised in EMV to stop skimming and carding). Less obvious to users, biometric facial recognition is also used now during issuance and renewal to detect fraudsters. So over time the attributes conveyed by driver licenses have not changed at all - name, address and date of birth have always meant the same thing - but the reliability of these attributes when presented via licenses is better than ever.
Imposters are better detected during the issuance process, the medium has become steadily more secure, and, more subtly, the binding between each licence and its legitimate holder is stronger.
We are accustomed in traditional business to dealing with others on the basis of their official credentials alone, without needing to know much about who they 'really are'. When deciding if we can accept someone in a particular transaction context, we rely on recognised providers of relevant attributes. Hotel security checks a driver license for a patron's age; householders check the official ID badges of repair people and meter readers; a pathologist checks the medical credentials of an ordering doctor; an architect only deals with licensed surveyors and structural engineers; shareholders only need to know that a company's auditors are properly certified accountants. In none of these routine cases is the personal identity of the first party of any real interest. What matters is the attributes that authorise them to deal in each context.
Digital wallets
Now, in the online environment, what is the best way to access attributes? My vision is of digital wallets. I advocate that users be equipped to hold close any number of recognised attributes in machine readable formats, so they can present selected attributes as the need arises, directly to Relying Parties. This sort of approach is enabled by the fact that the majority of economically important transaction settings draw on a relatively small number of attributes, and we can define a useful attribute superset in advance. As discussed previously such a superset could include:
- {Given name, Residential address, Postal address, Date of Birth, "Over 18", Residential status, Professional qualification(s), Association Membership(s), Social security number, Student number, Employee Number, Bank account number(s), Credit card number(s), Customer Reference Number(s), Medicare Number, Health Insurance No., Health Identifier(s), OSN Membership(s)}
Many of these attributes have just one natural authoritative provider each; others could be provided by a number of alternative organisations that happen to verify them as a matter of course and could stand ready to vouch for them. The decision to accept any AP's word for a given attribute is ultimately up to the Relying Party; each RP has its own standards for the required bona fides of the attributes it cares about.
There are a few obvious candidates for digital attribute wallets:
- A smart phone could come pre-loaded with attributes that have been verified as a matter of course by the telephone company, like the credit card number associated with the account, or proof of age. A digital wallet on the phone could later be topped up with additional attributes, over the air or via some other more secure over-the-counter protocol.
- A smart driver license could hold digital certificates signed by the licensing bureau, asserting name, address, date of birth, and/or simpler de-identified statements like "the older is over 18". Note that the assertions could be made separately or in useful combinations; for privacy, a proof of age certificate need not name the holder but simply specify that the assertion is carried on a particular type of chip, signed by the authoritative issuer.
- When you receive a smart bank card, the issuer bank could load the chip with your name, address, date of birth, PANs and/or certified copies of identity documents presented to open the account. Such personal identity assertions could then be presented by the customer to other RPs like financial institutions or retailers to originate other accounts.
Do we need an "Identity Provider" to thread together these attributes? No. While it is important that RPs can trust that each attribute is in the right hands, the issuance process (including the provisioning of attribute carrying tokens like cards and mobile phones) is just one aspect of the Attribute Provider's job. If we can trust say a licensing bureau to verify the particulars of a license holder, then we can also trust them as part of that process to ensure that the license is in the hands of its rightful owner.
In contrast with the real time 'negotiated' attributes exchange architectures, the digital wallet approach has the following advantages:
- Decentralised architecture: lower cost and quicker to deploy; we can start local and scale up as Attribute Providers gain ground;
- Fast: digitally signed attributes presented from smart devices diret to Relying Parties can be cryptographically verified instantaneously, for higher performance, especially in bandwidth limited environments.
- Intrinsically private: Direct presentation of attributes minimises the exposure of personal information to third parties.
- "Natural": Digital wallets of attributes is congruent with the way we hold diverse pieces of personal documentation in regular wallets; unlike big federation model, no novel new intermediaries are involved.
- Legally simpler: It is relatively simple matter for Attribute Authorities to warrant the accuracy of separate particulars like name, date of birth, account number, without any making any other broad representations of who the Subject 'really is'. There is none of the legal fine print that bedevilled Big PKI Certification Authorities in the past and which proved fatal in federation programs like the Internet Industry Association 2FA pilot.
- On a case by case basis, as dictated by their risk management strategies, RPs can revert to an online AP to check the up-to-the-minute validity of an attribute. In practice this is not necessary in many cases; many of the common attributes in business are static, and once issued (or vouched for by a reputable body) do not change. If attributes are conveyed by digital certificates, then their validity can be efficiently checked online by OCSP and near-line by CRL.
- The patient smartcards already widespread in Europe are an ideal carrier for a plurality of human services identifiers (such as public health insurance numbers, health record identifiers, medical social networking handles, and research tracking numbers; see also a previous presentation on anonymity and pseudonymity in e-research).
- As other conventional plastic cards are progressively upgraded to chip - such as the proposed US Medicare card modernization - we have a natural opportunity to load them with secure digital assertions too.
- In the medium to long term, digitally signed attributes could be made to chain through communities of CAs to a small number of globally recognised Root Authorities. For a model, refer to s4.4 "How to convey fitness for purpose" of my Public Key Superstructure presentation to the 2008 NIST IDTrust workshop.
Posted in Trust, Smartcards, Security, Identity, Federated Identity
The devil is in the legals
Many of the identerati campaign on Twitter and on the blogosphere for a federated new order, where banks in particular should be able to deal with new customers based on those customer's previous registrations with other banks. Why, they ask, should a bank put you through all that identity proofing palava when you must have already passed muster at any number of banks before? Why can't your new bank pick up the fact that you've been identified already? The plea to federate makes a lot of sense, but as I've argued previously, the devil is in the legals.
Funnily enough, a clue as to the nature of this problem is contained in the disclaimers on many of the identerati's blogs and Twitter accounts:
"These are personal opinions only and do not reflect the position of my employer".
Come on. We all know that's bullshit.
The bloggers I'm talking about are thought leaders at their employers. Many of them have written the book on identity. They're chairing the think tanks. What they say goes! So their blogs do in fact reflect very closely what their employers think.
So why the disclaimer? It's a legal technicality. A company's lawyers do not want the firm held liable for the consequences of a random reader following an opinion provided outside the very tightly controlled conditions of a consulting contract; the lawyers do not want any remarks in a blog to be taken as advice.
And it's the same with federated identity. Accepting another bank's identification of an individual is something that cannot be done casually. Regardless of the common sense embodied in federated identity, the banks' lawyers are saying to all institutions, sure, we know you're all putting customers through the same identity proofing protocols, but unless there is a contract in place, you must not rely on another bank's process; you have to do it yourself.
Now, there is a way to chip away at the tall walls of legal habit. This is going to sound a bit semantic, but we are talking about legal technicalities here, and semantics is the name of the game. Instead of Bank X representing to Bank Y that X can provide the "Identity" of a new customer, Bank X could provide a digitally notarised copy of some of the elements of the identity proofing. Elements could be provided as digitally signed messages saying "Here's a copy of Steve's gas bill" or "Here's a copy of Steve's birth certificate which we have previously verified". We could all stop messing around with abstract identities (which in the fine print mean different things to different Relying Parties) and instead drop down a level and exchange information about verified claims, or "identity assertions". Individual RPs could then pull together the elements of identity they need, add them up to an identification fit for their own purpose, and avoid the implications of having third parties "provide identity". The semantics would be easier if we only sought to provide elements of identity. All IdPs could be simplified and streamlined as Attribute Providers.
See also An identity claims exchange bus and Identity is in the I of the beholder.
Posted in Trust, Internet, Federated Identity
I never trusted trust
From the archives.
- "It is often put simply that in e-business, authentication means that you know who you're dealing with. Authentication is inevitably cited as one of the four or five 'pillars of security' (the others being integrity, non-repudiation, confidentiality and, sometimes, availability).
- "To be a little more precise, let's examine the functional definition of authentication adopted by the Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) E-Security Task Group, namely the means by which the recipient of a transaction or message can make an assessment as to whether to accept or reject that transaction.
- "Note that this definition does not have identity as an essential element, let alone the complex notion of 'trust'. Identity and trust all too frequently complicate discussions around authentication. Of course, personal identity is important in many cases, but it should not be enshrined in the definition of authentication. Rather, the fundamental issue is one's capacity to act in the transaction at hand. Depending on the application, this may have more to do with credentials, qualifications, memberships and account status, than identity per se, especially in business transactions."
Making Sense of your Authentication Options in e-Business
Journal of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Cryptographic Centre of Excellence, No. 5, 2001.
See also http://lockstep.com.au/library/quotes.
Surfacing identity
Editorial Note 19 May 2014: I changed "assertions" to "attributes" in the body of the blog, to use the more popular term right now. See how Bob Pinheiro in his comment rightly used the terms attributes/assertions interchangeably. I'm sure myself attributes, assertions and claims are synonymous for the purposes of "identity management".
The metaphor of a spectrum is often used to describe a sliding scale of knowingness. The degree to which someone is known is shown to range from zero (anonymity), up to some maximum (i.e. "verified identity") passing through pseudonymity and self-asserted identity along the way. It's a useful way of characterising some desirable features of identity management; it's definitely good to show that in different settings, we need to know different things about people. But the spectrum is something of an oversimplification, and it contradicts modern risk management. While it's great to legitimise the plurality of identities (by illustrating how we can maintain several identities at different points on a spectrum), the metaphor is problematic. Spectra are linear, with just one independent variable whereas risk management is multi-dimensional. The metaphor implies that identities can be ordered from weak to strong -- they can't -- and insidiously suggests that identities at the right hand end of the scale are superior.
A Digital Identity is a set of claims (aka attributes) that are meaningful in some context [Ref: Kim Cameron's Laws of Identity]. When an Identity Provider (IdP) identifies me in their context, what they're doing is testing and vouching for a closed set of n attributes: {A1, A2, ..., An}. When a Relying Party (RP) wants to identify me, they need to be satisfied about a number of particular attributes relevant to their business; let's say there are m of them: {Ai, Aii, ..., Am}. These sets are disjoint; the things about me that matter to an RP may or may not be the same things than the IdP is able to assert about me.
Meaningful Identity Federation requires, at the very least, that (1) the RP's m attributes are a subset of the IdP's n attributes, and (2) the IdP has tested each attribute to an acceptable level of confidence for the RP's purposes. When designing a federation, the sets of attributes for all anticipated RPs need to be defined in advance, together with the required confidence levels. Closing the "attribute space" and quantifying all its dimensions is a huge challenge.
When we look at identification risk management in a more multi-dimensional way, each identity looks more like a surface in a multidimensional space than a simple point on a 1D line. For example, let's imagine that a general purpose IdP ascertains and vouches for six attributes: given name, home address, date of birth, educational qualifications, residency and gender. The IdP gauges the accuracy with which it can make each attribute as follows:
A1 Given name 90%
A2 Address 90%
A4 Gender 35%
A5 Qualifications 25%
A6 Residency 25%
For this Identity Provider to be useful to any given Relying Party, the attributes need to be of interest to the RP, and they have to be asserted with a minimum accuracy. Consider RP1, a bank, which needs to be sure of a customer's name, address and date of birth to at least 80% confidence under applicable KYC rules, and doesn't need to know anything else. We can plot RP1's identity expectation and compare it with the IdP's attributes. All well and good in this case, for the IdP covers the RP:
Now consider RP2, an adult social networking service. All it wants to know is that its anonymous customers are at least 18 years of age. Its requirement for Attribute 3 is 90%, and it doesn't care about anything else. So again, the IdP meets the needs of this RP (assuming that the identity management technology allows for selected disclosure of just the relevant attribute and hides all the others):
Finally, let's look at a hospital employing a casual doctor. Credentialing rules and malpractice risk means that the hospital is more interested in the individual's qualifications and residency (which must be known with 90% confidence), than their name and address (50%). And now we see that RP3's requirements are not covered by this particular IdP:
Returning to the idea of a spectrum, there is no sliding scale from anonymity up to "full" identity. Neither can trust in an identity be pinpointed somewhere between LOA 1 and LOA 4. In general, the more serious an identity gets, the more complex and multivariate is the set of attributes that it covers. I'm afraid the pseudonymous social logon experience at LOA 1 doesn't pave the way to more serious multifaceted identity federation "at the other end" of a spectrum. It's not like simply turning up the heat to step up from cold to hot.
Posted in Trust, Identity, Federated Identity
Designing out identification uncertainty
A few of us have been debating Levels of Assurance on Twitter. It seems crucial that we look at authentication at enrolment or registration time separately from authentication at transaction time, as Jim Fenton touched on in his comment at http://lockstep.com.au/blog/2011/03/11/nstic-and-banking#comments.
A big problem in the discourse is that the process of checking identity at enrollment/registration time and at transaction time are both called "authentication" .
I contend that using quaternary LOAs to gauge someone we're about to transact with is a very big change from the way we do routine business today, and that any major change to business liability arrangements, even if it is worthwhile, introduces such legal complexities that it can kill federated identity initiatives. Interestingly, lots of others also say LOAs are a big change but for different reasons! Paul Madsen @paulmadsen and Phil Hunt @independentid argue that trust in the real world is analogue, that it is determined on a continuum, and that we are never 100% sure of who some really is.
That's true, and it's crucial to consider the uncertainty when authenticating someone at enrollment time. But I think it's a moot point when we authenticate a counter-party at transaction time. During a great many routine transactions, the counter-party is either authorised to deal or they are not. The question becomes binary, not analogue and not even quaternary! When a pharmacist processes a prescription, they want to know if it was signed by a doctor, or not. When I withdraw money at the bank, the teller checks if I am account holder, or not. The authority to sign purchase orders, tax returns, audit reports, legal advice, radiology reports, insurance loss estimates, survey reports etc. etc. is always binary. When the Relying Parties to any of these sorts of transactions process them, I do not believe that they spend any time at all pondering the analogue trustworthiness of the sender, or the percentage probability that the sender is not really who they say they are.
So what's going on here? I admit there is uncertainty at the time of registration, but where has it gone by the time RPs make their real time binary decisions to accept or not? The answer is that uncertainty and its consequences are calculated in advance at design time and factored into enrollment protocols and other systemic risk management mechanisms, in such a way that during routine transactions, the RP need not worry.
In detail, consider doctors' registration. The process for credentialing doctors is not perfect; let's say 0.1% of doctors out there are frauds of some sort, carrying an authority that is not true. I contend that all those relying on a doctor's credentials for routine transactions (these are pharmacists, pathologists, other doctors, hospital administrators, health insurers etc.) authenticate the doctor on a binary basis, by checking if they seem to hold a valid credential. If the doctor holds a credential, the RP simply assumes it's genuine (naturally the RP will need to check for revocation, and tampering, but if the credential is mechanically valid, then the RP assumes it's genuine). This 'blind' assumption by the RP results in a finite system-wide error rate in prescriptions, insurance claims and so on. There are system-wide quality control mechanisms that in effect monitor this error rate and initiates corrections when it gets too high (or when the odd spectacular screw up occurs like a fraudulent doctor kills a patient).
So there is a cascade of identification risk decisions being made at different points in the identity life cycle:
- 1. At design time, health system managers, policy makers and regulators work out what the averaged consequences are of misidentifying doctors, and create processes and rules to manage the risk. These include up front credentialing procedures, as well as downstream safety nets, and ongoing monitoring and review of the rules.
- 2. At registration time (when they get through college), candidate doctors are evaluated against those rules. Many different inputs will be involved; some, like reference checks, might be near-analogue. The process will be judgement based, and usually iterative, to deal with exceptions like overseas trained doctors, and may take time to execute. Yet it results in an authority to practice that is black-and-white [actually doctors typically carry a portfolio of specific b&w authorisations, pertaining to e.g. writing a prescription, writing a prescription for narcotics, carrying out certain operations, filing a public health insurance claim, admitting rights to a given private hospital, signing a pathology report etc.]
- 3. At transaction time, when a doctor asserts their claim to be a doctor, the RP will make a go/no go decision, usually entirely automatically. If the RP follows all the rules of the transaction system they will generally bear no liability if a mis-identification has occurred upstream. RPs really want transaction-time authentication to be a highly mechanical process, with as little human intervention as possible; pharmacists for example don't ever want to be in a position of having to make a fresh judgement on each and every routine prescription about the trustworthiness of the doctor.
My experience is that a great many economically important transactions can be accepted /rejected based on a very small number of assertions (usually just one) that the Subject can present directly to the RP. There need not be any real time Q&A back and forth between the RP and the Subject's IdP at transaction time. For example, a doctor's Provider Number can be baked into a digital certificate issued by a recognised authority and asserted for each transaction via digital signature; RPs don't need to know anything else about a doctor in order to accept or reject the vast majority of e-health communications. If a revocation check is necessary, it should be done at the medical credential issuer; an independent IdP adds no value here. Anyone remember a company called Valicert? They tried to inter-mediate status checks for digital certificates, but they failed to deliver any real value; RPs found they were better off going direct to a CA to check if a certificate was valid.
Reading Peter Steiner's Internet dog
How are we to read Peter Steiner's famous cartoon "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog"? It wasn't an editorial cartoon, so Steiner wasn't trying to make a point. I believe he was just trying to be funny.
Why is Internet dog funny? I think it's because dogs are mischievous (especially the ordinary muts in question). Dogs chew your slippers when you're not looking. So imagine what fun they would have on the Internet. They would probably sell your slippers given the chance on eBay.
Technologists especially latched onto the cartoon and gave it deeper meanings, particularly relating to "trust". Whether or not the cartoon triggered it, it coincided with a rush of interest in the topic. Through most of the 1990s, hoards of people became preoccupied with "trust" as a precondition for e-business. Untold hours were spent researching, debating, deconstructing and redefining "trust", as if the human race didn't really understand it. Really? Was there ever really a "trust" problem per se? Did the advent of the Internet truly demand such earnest reappraisal?
No. We should read the Steiner cartoon as being all about fidelity not trust. It goes without saying that you wouldn't trust a dog. The challenge online is really pretty prosaic: it is to tell what someone is. Trust then follows from that knowledge in context.
I maintain that by and large we trust people well enough in the real world. There's no end of conventions, rules and instincts for establishing trust - none perfect, but perfectly good enough, and of course, evolving all the time. It's true that establishing trust in new business relationships is subtle and muti-pathed, but in routine business transactions - the sort that the Internet is good for - trust is not subtle at all. The only thing that matters in most transactions is the parties' formal credentials (not even their identities) in the context at hand. For example, a pharmacist doesn't "trust" the doctor as such when filling a prescription. Medicos, accountants, engineers, bankers, lawyers, architects and so on have professional qualifications that authorise them to perform certain transactions. Consider that in the traditional mercantile world, the shopkeeper or sales assistant is typically a total stranger, but we know that consumer protection legislation, credit card agreements and big companies' reputations all keep us safe. So we don't actually "trust" most people we do business with at all. We don't have to.
There is an old Italian proverb that perfectly sums up most business:
It is good to trust, but it is better not to.
That should be the defining slogan of Internet sociology, not "no one knows you're a dog". If we weren't over-doing trust, the transition from real world to digital would not be so daunting, and the foundational concepts of identity would not need re-defining.
Posted in Trust, Privacy, Internet, Identity, Culture, Cloud


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Scott Clark, like any basketball coach, can answer a question without really answering the question.
A question about an injured player may result in a meandering, non-committal response from the head coach of the TRU WolfPack men's basketball team.
Give Clark a question about fifth-year guard Kevin Pribilsky, however, and he'll get right to the point.
"Kevin, he's an unbelievable guy, he's a great ambassador for the university and the basketball program," Clark said Saturday, after the WolfPack lost 80-65 to the Victoria Vikes at the Tournament Capital Centre.
"He's an unbelievably likeable guy within our department and our athletic program."
Pribilsky, 22, is getting ready to suit up for his final home games with the WolfPack - TRU will play host to the Trinity Western Spartans today and Friday at the TCC. Both games are at 8 p.m.
He came to TRU from Simon Fraser, following Clark, whom the WolfPack hired prior to the 2010-11 season. Pribilsky, a 5-foot-11 guard originally from Victoria, brought an energetic game to the WolfPack immediately, and has been a leader since Day 1.
These days, he's the elder statesman of a team that features one fourth-year player, two third-years and a whole bunch of freshmen and sophomores.
"It's been a fun experience," Pribilsky says. "Myself, when I was in my first or second year, I took direction from some of the older guys - not only in basketball, but in school. I've tried to take wisdom from some of those guys and help point these guys in the right direction."
Pribilsky is second on the WolfPack in scoring, with 14.4 points per game. He also leads the team in minutes (509), three-pointers made (35) and assists (45).
He probably also leads the team in bruises, although Akeem Pierre - he's the WolfPack's fourth-year player - may be giving him a run for that title. Pribilsky often hits the floor hard during games, doing the things coaches love to see from a player, especially a fifth-year player.
"My parents helped me out with my work ethic," Pribilsky says of Todd and Sue, who are to attend this weekend along with Kevin's brother, Reece. "They taught me and instilled that work ethic . . . at a young age.
"But it's easy - well, easier - to work hard on something you love."
He even set a Canada West record during his time with the WolfPack. In 2010-11, when the conference played 24 games, Pribilsky played 843 minutes, five more than Lethbridge's Allen Kadima did over 22 games in 2008-09, and 10 more than his WolfPack teammate Chas Kok in the same season.
Kok and Pribilsky transferred to TRU from SFU at the same time - Kok now is an assistant coach to Clark.
Any athlete playing at home for the last time would love to win, but Pribilsky knows the WolfPack needs - desperately - to win these games against Trinity Western.
TRU has never made the playoffs in men's basketball - the only sport to have been shut out thus far - and is right on the heels of the Spartans for the last playoff spot in Canada West's Pacific Division.
As of today, the Spartans (7-9) are fourth, with the WolfPack (6-11) fifth.
"These are big games, and that's more what I'm trying to focus on," Pribilsky says. "I'm not really worried about it being my last home game - I don't want to get sidetracked."
* * *
Will Ondrik, the WolfPack's leading scorer, is questionable for the weekend's games.
Ondrik injured a knee over Christmas, and hasn't played since. He was at practice on Wednesday.
* * *
With a playoff spot already clinched, the WolfPack women's basketball team will look to move up the Pacific Division standings.
The WolfPack (12-5) is set to play host to the Spartans (5-11) today and Thursday, 6 p.m., at the TCC.
TRU clinched a playoff spot last weekend, but would love to finish in the top two in the division, and play host to a first-round playoff series. Two victories this weekend would help, as the WolfPack is off to Abbotsford to play the first-place Fraser Valley Cascades (13-3) on Feb. 8-9.
* * *
It will be a busy weekend for the WolfPack athletic department, as both volleyball teams also will be playing at the TCC.
The WolfPack is to welcome the Mount Royal Cougars to the TCC on Saturday and Sunday.
The WolfPack women (0-18) are looking for their first victory of the season against the first-year Mount Royal program (12-6), while TRU's men are trying to keep their slim playoff hopes alive. The WolfPack men (6-12) have to beat the Cougars (7-11) and then sweep the Winnipeg Wesmen (8-10) on Feb. 8-9 to make the postseason.
Saturday's doubleheader features games at 5 and 6:30 p.m., with Sunday's matches to start at 2 and 3:30 p.m.
* * *
TRU's hockey team will take its three-game winning streak into a tough Friday B.C. Intercollegiate League game at Memorial Arena.
TRU (7-8-0-1) is to play host to the Selkirk Saints (14-1-0-0), who are first in the six-team league. The WolfPack is third. Game time is 8:30 p.m.
© Copyright 2015 Kamloops Daily News

subset: commoncrawl


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WHAM13 - Search Results
Two charged with bullying after girl dies
Polk Co., Fla - Two Florida girls face serious charges after a sheriff said they bullied a girl who committed suicide.
The girls, ages 12 and 14, are charged with felony aggravated stalking.
The sheriff said they terrorized the 12-year-old victim before her suicide last month.
The girl's parents said she was physically abused and cyber bullied.
Polk County Sheriff Grady Judd said, "There were statements that said, You should drink bleach and die. Was this a contributing factor to her jumping off the cement tower to her death that fateful day? We believe it certainly contributed."
The sheriff said he hoped the arrests send a message to other bullies and their parents.


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What services do you provide?Our Services fall into 3 categories: • Interior and Exterior Detailing –this includes vehicles of all types • Installation of Toyota/Scion accessories - (hitches, remote starts, satellite radios, body side molding, mudguards, etc.) as well as vehicle protection packages (interior & exterior Scotchgarding™, Windshield Protection) • Paintless Dent Repair (PDR)I
If you want something done to your vehicle that is not on our list, give us a call, if we don't do it, we'll try and help you find where you can get it done.
How do I get a Quote?If you are interested in adding Accessories, Pin Striping, or a Gold Package to your Toyota or Scion, you can call the detail department at 608-275-7808 and they will provide you with a fully installed price as well as a time estimate.
For Paintless Dent Removal (dings where the paint is intact), you can call the detail department to set an appointment for an estimate, or just stop in our Main Service Drive Mon-Fri between 8AM and 5 PM for a cost and time estimate.
How long does the service take?Most of the time, we can complete our services in one business day, but it does depend on the type and amount of services requested. The detail department will provide you with a time estimate when you make your appointment for the services.
Can I get a free loaner car?As with all of our customers, if you purchased the vehicle at Smart Motors, and we have your vehicle for more than a short stay, we can reserve a loaner vehicle for your use. Be sure to discuss this with the detail department when you make your appointment.For other vehicles, the dealership provides for a night drop off of the vehicle, one way shuttle service in the Madison area, and new Toyota rental vehicles are available at attractive market rates.
Scotchgard™ Protection Package - $649.00
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• Makes glass resistant to small road debris, preventing pitting, chips and cracks
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• Tree sap/bug/tar removal
For your convenience we now offer on-site ding removal either by appointment or while your vehicle is in for service maintenance. A ding is the size of a quarter or smaller on an open panel with no paint breakage. Above price is for removal of first ding. Multiple ding removal discounts available.
•Reduce night glare, and …


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Social media is flaming great right? It has opened up a two-way conversation between the consumer and the businesses, brands etc that we love, use and give our money to. Of course, that all depends on the brand actually being active in the first place, but that's another story. Whether said brands like it or not, people do use social media to complain – the response to those complaints varies wildly, but it is a great way to get your point across to a brand that has 'ripped your knitting'. But what is the best way to go about this? Read on to find out.
1 – Keep cool!
Don't go out all guns blazing – '@brand I f***** hate you, your purple widget self combusted and ruined my favourite v-neck, sort it out or else!'
Having been on the end of this type of complaint via social in my career, it does the complainer no favours, in fact, it's likely to lead to you being put to the bottom of the queue. Is that right? Well, not really, but you need to remember that there is a human sitting behind that social media platform, and us humans don't like to be abused. It also makes you look like a bit of a plonker.
Stay calm, get your point across and be prepared to wait a while for an answer – yes social should be fast, but in a realistic world, that isn't always possible. In the case of Twitter, do use DMs where possible (the private message function on a Facebook page is also handy), but doubling up with an @ message is a smart move. You should also be willing to take the complaint away from social media, perhaps to email in order to get a resolution – it can be hard for a business to help fully via social.
2 – Don't Troll!
Nobody likes a troll, and brands are no different. Do not send multiple messages with the same complaint across multiple platforms, again, you'll just reduce your chance of getting served quickly. By all means, if you do not get a satisfactory response after a reasonable time period, go back and prompt them, but don't harangue!
3 – Send an email first
Email? Are you for real? Yes I am! Businesses have been dealing with complaints via email for over a decade, it is natural to most of them – social is not yet at that stage for many, so, send an email, then take to social and say – 'hello Mr Brand, I've got an issue with your product and have sent you an email, can you please take a look for me?'. This approach prompts them and may well lead to a quicker response.
4 – Buy an ad?!?
Just this week, Twitter user Hasan Syed, bought a Twitter promoted tweet to complain to BA about lost luggage. This caused quite a stir in the press, and BA did get in touch with Hasan and resolved the issue. Personally, I think this was a bit over the top, especially as it appears he hadn't bothered to tweet them in advance of using the promoted tweet. BA run their Twitter from 9-5, which actually isn't really acceptable for a service that is 24/7 and across all time-zones. Dutch airline KLM, runs a 24/7 Twitter feed and does it very well. Hasan's approach did make BA stand up and take notice, but I'm not convinced it was really needed.
So, there you go folks, some tips on complaining with style via social media. How successful have you been with social media complaints? Do you think Hasan Syed's approach with BA was worth it?
Enjoying reading The Social Penguin Blog? Why not subscribe to our RSS, follow us on Twitter or join Dave on Facebook.


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The CSGNA is a special interest group representing gastroenterology nurses from across Canada. The association includes endoscopy nurses, other health care professionals and workers in the field of gastroenterology, endoscopy or a related field.
CNA Certification Application deadline Nov. 12/2014
Exam date : April 18/2015
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Check out the links under the members only section.
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A great way to learn about Deerfield is through the eyes of our guests. Visit http://www.littlechanges.com/deerfieldspa.html to view a slide show by Priscilla Houliston, who lost over 200 pounds biking from Florida to Maine, and then turned to Deerfield Spa to launch her final 100-pound weight.
Deerfield's massage therapists are not only good, they're gifted! WOW. And all the staff are the friendliest and most accessible I've found at any spa – no "holier than thou" attitude like some other places I've been. I loved every single meal. I couldn't believe this food was actually healthy, low in calories, and made without salt. It inspired me to keep cooking healthier at home. The atmosphere is so relaxed, almost like being at camp. And the people I met were truly nice. This place seems to attract people with more class than flash. No pretensions, no posing. Very refreshing.
C.E., Red Bank, NJ, Sep 08
I have been visiting Deerfield Spa for more than 20 years! Great food, wonderful classes, pampering, hiking and a caring staff. You'll love it! A.L., Philadelphia, PA, May 08 Dear Joan, This is just a note to say that I had a wonderful time at the spa. Thank you for that. I felt the trainers were wonderful, so full of knowledge and accommodating to everyone. Everyone made us feel so comfortable and it was just a great experience. I must say the food was just fantastic. We enjoyed the cooking class tremendously! The massages were just the thing you needed after working out! I would recommend this Spa to all. Our group did some bonding and we hope to get together again next year. Again, it was a great experience to put me on the healthy track. Hope to see all of you again with my daughter and !
N.C., Mechanicsville, VA, May 08
I was looking for a spa because I had weight to lose, and eating habits to change. I found Deerfield spa through a friend who had been there before, and taking her advice that it was a good spa, I went there and decided to stay for a month. When I got there I was pleasantly surprised with management and staff. The cuisine was excellent and taught me to eat healthy. All of the trainers were patient and accommodating. The rest of the staff was an absolute joy and made my stay extremely comfortable. My experience there was beyond what I expected and I am so looking forward to going back. I was also able to accomplish my goal.
E.L., Freeport, PA, Jun 08
I was searching online for health and weight loss spas as well as places that offered fun activities, yoga, and meditation. Having a tendency to be a high-strung person, I really felt like I needed to get away and take some time to try to take care of myself physically and mentally. I really needed to de-stress. I had never been away on vacation alone and was really worried about how things might go being alone. Well, all those worries washed away when I arrived at Deerfield. At one point, I actually thought to myself, maybe I had died and was in heaven. I was so completely relaxed, happy, and peaceful. This was one of the very best things I've ever done for myself. I loved every minute of it and didn't want to leave. I actually cried the day that I had to go home because I had never felt such peace as I did there. And I laughed more in a week there than I had in a long time. Everything at Deerfield was wonderful. The buildings are nice and quaint and very homey. The exercise classes are amazing. I loved the pool aerobics and hiking was amazing. The instructors are friendly, knowledgeable, and fun. I learned how to eat healthy and have it taste good at the same time. Best of all, the people were wonderful. I felt like I had known the people there for ages. We had such a good time together and laughed so much. It's very motivating to be around positive people who are there to have fun, get healthier, and relax all at the same time. I almost forgot, the massages were excellent as well. I had the Lomi-Lomi and a Swedish massage. I was just telling someone how much I loved Deerfield last night and I thought that I should share this information. This is a place where you can be alone if you want to or you can never be alone if you don't want to. You can relax and get pampered all week, you can workout non-stop, or a combination of both. It is whatever you make of it. For the first time in ages, I actually WANTED to workout and take the classes and go hiking, etc… It was fun. I am still working on implementing these changes into my daily life. I left with a renewed awareness of what types of food I put into my body and I also left with a feeling of accomplishment. I took a chance by going on a vacation/adventure solo and it worked out perfectly to say the least. I wish I could go back to Deerfield as I'm writing this. Hopefully I will be able to meet up with the same group of women I met during my stay next summer. Until then, take care!
D.S., taken from Trip Advisor, Aug 08
I had put down a $100 deposit for an 18 day tour of Spain when I decided that I was feeling really low. I needed to feel healthy again by eating right and exercising. So, instead of Spain, I searched the Internet and chose to go to Deerfield Spa-in the Pocono Mountains about 2 hours away from where I grew up in Pennsylvania. It is a decision that I will NEVER regret as my 3 week stay at Deerfield has motivated me to make positive changes in my life. I can't say enough good things about my spa experience. My friends teased me before I left, telling me I'd be home in a week, but instead I stayed the 3 weeks and cried when it came time for me to leave. Everyone from the trainers to the wait staff, the hiking guides and the people at the front desk were accommodating, friendly, knowledgeable, motivating and made me laugh daily! Throughout the day and evening laughter could be heard throughout the house and in the gyms! There were plenty of activities to choose from beginning at 6:30 am and ending around 4pm. All the activities are voluntary and there is never pressure to do anything you don't want to do, but I chose to pack my days with morning power walks, the AM stretch, pilates, various aerobic and weight training classes, circuit training, boxing circuit, pool classes, boot camp and hiking to name a few. I even tried yoga and Qi Gong! There were weekly trips to the Outlets for shopping and the Mount Airy Casino and a movie theater are just a short drive away. The evenings were busy too. I liked to get massages in the evening…the Lomi Lomi was INCEREDIBLE and I truly enjoyed the Swedish Massages too. Deerfield offered Irish Dancing, Belly Dancing, Taro Card lectures and readings, Bingo and cooking classes in the evenings. There were daily lectures given by the trainers that were informative and motivating. The food at Deerfield is AMAZING! I couldn't believe that after ordering my meals each evening that I was eating less than 1,400 calories because it sure tasted like more! My favorite lunch was the turkey burger with non-fat pesto mayonnaise. The fruit was always fresh and delicious. Dinner time was always fun because every night the dessert was a surprise. Some of my favorites (and there are MANY) were the minicheese cakes, cherry delight and tiramisu to name just a few. The people I met at Deerfield during my stay made my time there even better than I could have imagined. Many guests had been going to Deerfield for 10 or more years and I realize now why they keep coming back! The camaraderie between guests is unmatched. I have traveled alone many times in my life, but at Deerfield I never felt alone. Each week I was pleasantly surprised by the people I met, many of whom I will keep in touch with via e-mail and I hope to meet again when I return to Deerfield next summer. I ended up losing 15lbs during my 3 week stay and I wish I had taken my measurements because I know I lost lots of inches too. I left Deerfield feeling empowered, happy and ready to face the challenges of everyday life. I have continued to eat right, exercise daily and feel so much better about myself and the future. I can't wait to return to Deerfield and when I do the staff will see an improved me and I will be forever thankful to all of them for helping me change my life for the better. I never got back the $100 deposit that I put down for my trip to Spain….but It was definitely worth losing that money as I gained (not weight) so much more from my stay at Deerfield!
M.G., Bogota, Columbia, Aug 08


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At the Register, we believe in honoring local educators who uplift their class spirit, raise expectations and enable our students to thrive.
You can help us profile extraordinary teachers in Orange County. Fill out the form below to nominate a Classroom Hero. Teachers profiled in the Register will be awarded $500 to spend on school and office supplies compliments of Newport Stationers!
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text:
This page lists many local events happening within Huron-Perth Presbytery and its Congregations. Please use this information in your weekly bulletin as it interests your congregation.
Camp Bimini Annual Meeting
Monday, November 26th, 2012
7 pm
Parkview United Church, Stratford
For the purpose of receiving committee reports, financial statements, budget, election of officers.
Followed by refreshments and regular monthly meeting.
101+ Nativities
Come View
101+ Nativities
Parkview United Church
Stratford ON
Nov. 30 6 p.m. - 8 p.m.
Dec. 1 10 a.m. - 3 p.m.
Free Admission
Door Prizes
Nov. 30 Cookies/Beverage
Dec. 1 Light Lunch (11 a.m. - 2 p.m.)
Sing-a-Long Messiah
Presented by
with the
Blyth Festival Orchestra
Sunday December 9 at 3:00 pm
Clinton United Church
105 Ontario St., Clinton
Donation at the door
Bring along your copy of the Messiah or sing along with the words!
See the poster at left.
An Evening with Margaret Trudeau
An Evening with Margaret Trudeau
Canadian Mental Health Advocate
Presented by Walton-Bluevale Pastoral Charge
Friday, Apr. 26, 2012
Brussels, Morris & Grey Auditorium, Brussels, ON
Tickets: $45
For tickets contact: Carol Nicholson
(519) 887-9028
Five Oaks


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The recent Capathetical Competition has sparked interest within the firm, and led us, once more, back to the archives.
Ideas of Australian identity and Australian ownership are becoming increasingly tortuous. Our major cities are some of the largest in the world – not simply in terms of gross area, but in population. A long-standing debate has centred on our continued ability to provide sustainable stewardship of our natural resources; on the actual 'carrying capacity' of our territory. The entire debate is idealogically coloured – the lowest population estimates are couched in a vision of a hyper-fragile landscape, ill-equipped to handle even two-dozen million on the fertile coastal margins – the high estimates appear to be hangovers of the late-colonial era; positing a nation of a hundred million; a global player and a bulwark against expansionist attitudes from the nebulous asian north.


text:
Thu, Sep 20, 12 at 9:51
Follow-Up Postings:
Wow what a nice forest! I can't wait to do something to my house too... Thank you for posting the pics Barbra! Did you buy anything? |
- Posted by BubbaTimmy none (My Page) on Thu, Sep 20, 12 at 15:03
I had a chance to tour his yard last year. Very nice yard. He and his wife were very nice as well. |
Wow, thanks for sharing! I love to see pictures of how people have landscaped their yards. astrl |
Thanks for posting these, Barbra. The photos of the front of his house illustrate just how varied their growth habits can be. Looking at some of those stretched out branches you can imagine how many years between blooms some of them take. I love the growth habit of the one on the right in the last photo. You don't happen to remember what that is, do you, Barbra? Looks Penang Peach-like. |
- Posted by beachplant 9b (firstname.lastname@example.com) on Sat, Sep 22, 12 at 12:19
we can load those in your car no problem! Very nice yard. Tally HO! |
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Science and Animal Enthusiast Finds Outlet for Career Success at UAlbany
Honors College student Corine Giroux makes ready for Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine in the fall.
Biologist Gary Kleppel, director of UAlbany's Biodiversity Conservation & Policy Program, works with Corine Giroux, who served as veterinary officer on his New York Department of Environmental Conservation livestock study. |
ALBANY, N.Y. (April 15, 2013) — University at Albany Honors College senior Corine Giroux was raised on one of the largest poultry farms in New York State. In this setting, her love for animals blossomed. At age three, she was already pleading with her parents for her own horse.
This fall, the Chazy, N.Y. native is headed to the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, one of the world's leading veterinary schools. Giroux credits her background, talents, and University at Albany research opportunities for making it possible.
For the past year, Giroux has served as veterinary officer on biology professor Gary Kleppel's NY State Department of Environmental Conservation-funded study "The Use of Livestock for Managing Invasive Species and Habitat Restoration." Kleppel serves as the director of UAlbany's Biodiversity Conservation & Policy Program, a multidisciplinary master's program which prepares students for careers that require knowledge of both ecology and public policy.
The biology major says the opportunities that both Kleppel's study and the Honors College offered her proved invaluable. "I approached Gary Kleppel my sophomore year with zero research experience and was on my own project within a few weeks," said Giroux. "The Honors College pushed me to go above and beyond, as it required me to write a senior thesis and complete an extensive project that I may not have done otherwise."
Her Honors College thesis, "Judging the Effects of Grazing in Wild and Quasi-wild Landscapes on Livestock Health and Condition," perfectly complemented Kleppel's research.
"I think part of why I was accepted to Cornell is that I have unique experience working in agriculture that a lot of people don't," she said. "Through my UAlbany education, I've gained invaluable experience performing health check-ups on sheep and even learning how to herd them." She joked, "Not many people can list 'shepherding' on their resume."
When her parents finally gave her a horse at age ten, she almost immediately began showing it. That passion also found expression at UAlbany; Giroux is a four-year member of the equestrian team, competing in about four shows per semester. "I'm not sure what kind of vet I'll be some day, but I may very well end up back in agriculture or working with horses," she said.
Her mentor at UAlbany has little doubt Giroux will find success, whatever her ultimate choice.
"Corine is the kind of student every professor hopes for — analytical, focused, and dependable," said Kleppel. "She has made significant contributions to our research and I have every confidence she will be a force in veterinary medicine and animal science in the future."
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Educationally and culturally, the University at Albany-SUNY puts "The World Within Reach" for its 17,500 students. An internationally recognized research university with 50 undergraduate majors and 125 graduate degree programs, UAlbany is a leader among all New York State colleges and universities in such diverse fields as public policy, nanotechnology and criminal justice. With a curriculum enhanced by 300 study-abroad opportunities, UAlbany launches great careers. For more information about this globally ranked University, visit http://www.albany.edu/. For UAlbany's extensive roster of faculty experts, visit www.albany.edu/news/experts.shtml.


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As I understad it, a Warrior or Shadow would need the advantage "The Gift" to be able to use magic. But do the Mystic archetypes need it as well? Such as the Wizard or the Warlock? I can't seem to figure that out. Or does no one need it, and taking that advantage just lets you see magic and gives the bonus to MR.
Thanks for the help,


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(Just some notes to myself.)
- Complete all 24 pet profiles. (lmao this will never get done, knowing me) - Draw some of my pets.. fff.. I'd like at least one coloured pic per profile but knowing me, it's probably best to just aim towards getting *any* pics up, hahaha. *Pets w/ coloured pictures: Chancy, Glitches, Cherry Sunburst, Galaxi, Sheelala, Tortoiseshell, Rose Quartz, Glowstick, Shamu Neko, Deva - Rename Deva, Miya and Kouya. Treasure Chest themes: Galaxi: stars, moons.. anything celestial Sheelala: cats (+ cat plushies), rainbow things, pink sweaters, bells, cat toys (i.e. string, bubblewrap..) Tortoiseshell: Music-type stuff Jeanette: Love-Me-Lots Chai plushies Cherry Sunburst: fireworks Glowstick: glowsticks, lol. Anything that glows. Twilight Feli-themed items. Appendix: rats, squirrels, occasionally other small animals Rose Quartz: pink ribbons Miya: Dark Matter Akane Shizuku: black cats Shamu Neko: food-themed minions, sushi Glitches: computer stuff Nemophila: Birds, apparently. Also flowers. Deva: PUMPKIIIINSSSS |
Skwir Plushie | Snapped Candy Canes | Blackened Pumpkin |
Firrel | Box of Love Letters | Huesabe |
"..It's kinda true." Ohai! I'm Mew, you can call me Mew, and I'm a dork. A really big dork. No, really. I like virtual pet sites, drawing, roleplaying, video games (Pokemon, Pikmin, MySims and Animal Crossing are some of my favourites :3), watching cartoons (CatDog, Regular Show, Adventure Time and Gravity Falls are my current favourites~), and singing/listening to music. And other stuff, of course, but I'm terrible at writing about myself and would much rather spend the time writing about my pets instead :P Most of my pets are probably open for roleplaying with (I tend to forget to change their profiles to reflect this.. basically, if you're interested, ask and I'll tell you if I'm willing to rp with them or not). If you're interested, drop me an sMail and we can talk! Please note that I only rp anthro characters. No quads/humans/kemonomimi, sorry. One last thing.. I tend to be really active on Subeta for a few weeks, then ignore the site for a while until I become active again. And so on and so on. SO, if you sMail me/comment on my profile/whatever and I don't reply right away, keep in mind that I probably just haven't seen it yet. ^^; (I am terrible at forgetting to reply to things though, so if I've been on and haven't replied to you after so long, feel free to poke me a bit.) My dA |


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Pearl earring with silver leverback type closure, last year or later, around Walmart and Maverick, still have one if you need to know what it looked like! Sentimental value for sure! Please email email@example.com if found.
Opal earring in silver setting. Lost at either YMCA (pool,shower or women's locker room) or at Safeway. Reward offered due to the sentimental value. Thanks! Please call 307-752-5458.
Samsung Galaxy S5 with Chevron case. Please call 751-9616 if found.
Not sure who this dog belongs to, but a big black Newfoundland is running around the Desmit, Absaraka & Airport Rd during the day & night. Not able to catch it, but worried about its safety. If you own one, please double check, may be an escape artist.
Wacker concrete saw lost at Fifth and Highland Sheridan WY. Please call Jamie Jarvis at (307) 673-5220.
A pair of headphones with a pair of socks near S. Main St. Please call 307-752-9249.
Male dog on Taylor Rd, 16 miles outside of Sheridan. Looks to be a Springer Spaniel, Border Collie cross call me a give description. Please call Michelle 750-2568.
GM Key up by Highland Park School. Looks like it was in a key holder that possibly fell off car. Please call 307-751-3102.
A pair of womens prescription glasses at the recycling center on Highland Ave. Tell me what color case they were in to claim. Please call 307-752-4423.


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Blondie!
Facts about Blondie
- Breed: Chihuahua
- Color: Tan/Yellow/Fawn - With White
- Age: Adult
- Size: Small 25 lbs (11 kg) or less
- Sex: Female
Blondie's Info...
I am already spayed, purebred, in need of an experienced adopter, up to date with shots, not good with kids, good with dogs, and good with cats.
Blondie is a female chihuahua. She is about 11 pounds. She's around 8 years old, spayed, current on shots, heartworm negative and microchipped. She is good with other dogs and cats. She seems very sweet around children, but under certain fearful conditions, she could nip, so we will not place her in a home with small children. She is located in the Central Florida area. Blondie's adoption fee is $125.
Other Pets at Chihuahua/Small Dog Rescue of Central Florida
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Blondie, a geneva Chihuahua dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Chihuahua for sale in geneva, or seeking a Chihuahua dog from a breeder in geneva.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in geneva already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a geneva breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even Chihuahua breeders who help with Chihuahua rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in geneva paves the way for another one to be saved.


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We've heard your feedback and are continuing to build a better Slickdeals. Click here to check out the updated site.
Last edited by laulea2782; 03-05-2013 at 11:46 PM.. Distance is not for the fearful, it is for the bold. It's for those who are willing to spend a lot of time alone in exchange for a little time with the one they love. It's for those knowing a good thing when they see it, even if they don't see it nearly enough! You never know how strong you are, until being strong is the only choice you have. |
Dole Fruit Squish'ems Package, $1/1 Print [coupons.com] 77477
Pillsbury Refrigerated Artisan Pizza Crust with Whole Grain $1.50/1 Print [bit.ly] dir Stonyfield YoBaby or YoToddler 4pk Organic Yogurt $.75/1 Print [coupons.com] 77477 Stonyfield YoKids Organic Yogurt Pack, Cups Squeezers or Smoothies, $1/1 Print [coupons.com] 77477 Triaminic $2/1 Print [coupons.com] 77477 Tyson Chicken Tenders From The Deli 1lb+, $2 Print [delianytime.com] (submit form, scroll down, "click to print") Last edited by laulea2782; 03-06-2013 at 12:44 PM.. |
Oscar Mayer Carving Board Pulled Pork (or any Carving Board Meats), $2/1 Kraft First Taste [kraftfirsttaste.com] <--$1/1, LOGIN for $2/1...
Bummer...I couldn't find ANY of these Perdue Qs.
Perdue Oven Ready Roasts $1/1Print [perdue.com] Perdue Simply Smart Frozen Chicken $1/1Print [perdue.com] and $1/1, Print [coupons.com] (dir) ad after Q and $1/1 Print [coupons.com] 36119 Perdue Simple Smart Refrigerated, any, $1/1 Print [coupons.com] 77477 Perdue Simply Smart Refrigerated Chicken $1/1Print [perdue.com] Perdue Simply Smart Refrigerated Chicken, $1/1, Print [coupons.com] (dir) ad after Q Perdue Short Cuts Carved Chicken Breast Strips, $1/1, Print [coupons.com] (dir) ad after Q and $1/1Print [perdue.com] |
YoKids Organic Yogurt $1/1pack Print [coupons.com] (dir) exp 3/16/13
Last edited by countyline; 03-06-2013 at 08:10 PM.. |
does anyone elses page load to 2/27 when they click view first unread? Its been over a week now and Im beginning to think it cant possibly be just me...
ISO: USA coupons for SB, C9, Fusion razors, Clean & Clear, Contessa On The Stove meals, Glade, SB, Kleenex Hand Towels, AE rewards codes
I don't get the same page number, but its not the last page/post like it used to be, and its not just this thread, its any email link I get from any thread. Has been happening to several. Not sure why, but it sure is annoying. Life is what happens to you while you're busy making other plans..........John Lennon
A Huge Thank you to all my Stop & Shop & ShopRite buddies for helping me reach 6000 Reps!! |
http://slickdeals.net/f/5883718-Go-to-first-new-post-Issue?v=1&p=580 Reps are back...for now. I owe loads of gratitude to everyone that got me where I am! Read the *NEW* CVS FAQ and post your questions there. Let's keep the deal threads deal-related, please.
Would it kill you to read the wiki? Or to read the thread? All the experts got to where they are by reading...you can too. |
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Technically, the town of Blanes is where the Costa Brava is really considered to begin. This large town is one of the most often visited in the Costa Brava, largely due to its beaches, location on the train line and easy access from Barcelona. It's particularly popular with Dutch tourists, who come here in droves during summer.
Things to do in Blanes
One of the highlights of Blanes' social calendar is its Firework Festival, which is frequented by over 100,000 people. Pyrotechnical teams from countries all around the world are judged by an expert jury to win this prestigious competition of flame and gunpowder.
Blanes has five beaches.
The main Blanes beach, if you can find somewhere to spread your towel out in the summer, is a blue flag beach that's great for swimming in. It has thick golden sand.
S'Abanell beach, is the largest and often most conveniently-located for tourists, and offers golden sands and clean, if slightly windy, waters.
Santa Anna beach, also known as Els Capellans beach, is a smaller, simple cove with thick sand, that's often a lot quieter than the main beaches (especially in winter).
Sant Francesc beach, also known as the "Cala Bona" (Good Cove – be aware that this isn't the only beach in the Costa Brava to bear this title!), is a pretty blue-flag cove with golden sands, surrounded by pine trees and a favourite of local residents.
Finally, Treumal beach, to the north of Blanes, is the furthest and also perhaps the most beautiful, surrounded as it its by natural scenery. It's quite small and fills up in peak times.
The nightlife in Blanes is another distinct attraction, although as of late things have quietened down somewhat. Several clubs play a variety of tunes that, invariably, end up sounding pretty similar. This is a safe environment for those crossing the threshold to adulthood to experiment with first solo outings. There's also a variety of Spanish-style nightlife on offer, as this resort town has a higher proportion of internal tourism than crazier neighbours such as Lloret de Mar. The closeby Casino Lloret de Mar lies in between the two, if you fancy taking your chances.
Blanes is also known for its attractive "Mar i Murtre" and "Pinya de Rosa" botanical gardens. The town's old quarter is also full of charmingly typical narrow cobbled streets, filled with shops, cafes, restaurants and bars. The town used to be a fishing village, and you can still see fishermen bringing their produce to auction when they arrive at Blanes Port at the day's end.
Getting to Blanes from Barcelona
By far the easiest way to get to Blanes is by train from Barcelona (about 1h30 away), although there are also several Costa Brava buses to Blanes. The following company rents holiday apartments in Blanes.
Tourist Map of Blanes
For a larger map, click here.


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No opinion is too small and no campaign is too big when it comes to direct interaction and a common line of vision between local, state and federal governments.
Such is the importance of Thursday's visit to the White House by State Rep. Eric Watson, R-Cleveland who represents the 22nd Legislative District and who chairs the Judiciary Committee for the Tennessee House of Representatives.
Watson is among a 25-member delegation invited to Washington, D.C., by the Office of the Vice President to jointly discuss a growing crime, one whose evil tentacles have wrapped their way around the globe and now infiltrate not only the United States of America, but Tennessee specifically.
We speak of human trafficking.
It also goes by another name, one that is less soft and which speaks more boldly to its depth of inhumanity; that is, modern slavery.
The despicable practice, which already has led to harsh legislation by Tennessee lawmakers — as recently as the 107th General Assembly — has been targeted by President Barack Obama and has led to Thursday's gathering at the White House.
At the Clinton Global Initiative in September, the president declared human trafficking as a vile crime whose contemptibility should raise the ire of the entire civilized world — not just a few isolated individuals, not just Americans and not just the Western Hemisphere. Everyone.
The president's own words say it best:
"It ought to concern every person because it is a debasement of our common humanity. It ought to concern every community because it tears at our social fabric. It ought to concern every business because it distorts our markets. It ought to concern every nation because it endangers public health and fuels violence and organized crime. I'm talking about the injustice, the outrage ... of human trafficking, which must be called by its true name — modern slavery."
Those who doubt this epidemic of wrongdoing in our state should remember this: Tennessee is a grand junction of numerous interstates and it is home to many regional airports. All are targeted by the perpetrators of human trafficking who believe these to be their easiest gateways, and the most convenient, in orchestrating these heinous crimes.
Through its own statistics, Tennessee has learned this quickly. A 2011 report on trafficking in our state by the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation found that 85 percent of our counties have investigated at least one human sex trafficking case in the two years prior to the study.
Of Tennessee's 95 counties, 72 percent reported at least one case of human sex trafficking of minors; 16 counties reported 50 cases, and eight reported more than 100 cases of human sex trafficking involving minors.
Since the alarming TBI report, state legislators have enacted tough new laws and TBI is better training its officers and agents on this type of crime. These will be part of Watson's report made at Thursday's White House discussion.
The veteran lawmaker, whose reputation in Nashville is one of being anti-crime and pro-law enforcement, believes Tennessee is making progress in its fight against human trafficking; however, it stands to learn from other states at the Washington conference.
Watson is traveling to the White House to listen, to share and to help develop strategies on behalf of his 22nd Legislative District constituency, all Tennesseans and every law enforcement professional who has confronted this crime of inhumanity.
We urge the Cleveland legislator's candid remarks.
We encourage his openness in sharing what Tennessee is doing and his open-mindedness in hearing how our shortfalls can be bridged.


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It isn't an option, but can I vote for "avoiding the Doha airport with your Tom Bihn bag"?
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It isn't an option, but can I vote for "avoiding the Doha airport with your Tom Bihn bag"?
hi folks,
looks like the votes are in...
coming soon to a youtube near you...
a video demonstrating packing a suit in the aeronaut!
Maverick, when do we get to find out what your vote was?
Thanks Maverick! :)
I can't wait, guess what my vote was?
hi folks,
sorry this took a little time.
here is the video demonstrating how to carry a suit in the aeronaut.
One of the best video from Maverick!
Maverick what brand and fabric is your suit? It looks stylish but not stuffy.
Very nice, thanks for posting. That was a great way to get a sense of what the Aeronaut can do in practical terms. I have to say, that Eaglecreek bag is nice, which makes me wonder what Tom will be doing for 2010. I imagine the TB Garment Bag will be in Dyneema. It's going to be a neat item to see what Tom has in store for the garment bag trade. I'm looking forward to it.
Wow! Impressive video.
A few questions about it:
1: Were you using the Eagle Creek Pack-It Garment Sleeve (Item EC-40462)?
2: How easy is it to unpack/get the wrinkles out of the suit once you get to the hotel?
3: What kind of wooden shoe trees were you using in that video?
4: Do you think you still had room for items in the Aeronaut's zip-flap over the main compartment? Could you have put your 3-1-1 Clear Organizer Cube in there?
I could not resist asking. Thanks for the informative video.


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When bad things happen to good Drupal site owners
Posted on Tue, Nov 25, 2008
by jwhatcott Whatcott
by jwhatcott Whatcott
Lately we've been having a few discussions about the various things that can go wrong with a Drupal site. We certainly see a flow of such things in the Acquia Network forum and in our support ticket system. But I'd like to throw open the doors and get a broader set of feedback.
If you have a moment, please complete the following Google Apps form. I'll gather the data and report back what I find. It should make for some interesting reading.


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Common English Bible (CEB) | New International Version (NIV) |
11 LORD, teach me your way; because of my opponents, lead me on a good path. | 11 Teach me your way, O LORD; lead me in a straight path because of my oppressors. |
Copyright © 2011 Common English Bible (Common English Bible) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |