text:
Behind the Scenes: SOUL
When we set out to create a short film representing what SOUL means to Steaz and our fans we realized this idea was the broadest and therefore the most difficult to convey. The SOUL of our company is the philosophy of providing a better way for people to enjoy life, protecting our beloved planet and being responsible and generous with the money we earn. But this is different for everyone, so we decided to focus on a journey:
Where do you find SOUL?
Soul is everywhere, but it's hard to define. It's the clear place at the centre of it all. It's also the grit, the passion, the deep emotion of living. You got soul. We all do. How do you define it? And where do you find it?
To capture the essence of SOUL and the beauty and power of the ocean we put our trust into Russell Brownley (we introduced him in Behind the Scenes: MIND post) and boy did he deliver! "Being and avid surfer, I have been blessed with the opportunity to travel the world, surfing some of the best waves that I had only dreamed about in my younger years. I have realized that surfing has been given to me as a tool to get the farthest reaches of the Earth." It's pretty clear what Russell's journey is all about!
The other key member of the SOUL shoot was obviously our surfer. Ryan lives and breathes the steaz values of protecting this planet, living a good life and having fun while doing it. He also happens to be one of the nicest human beings we have ever met!
Check out Ryan in the finished product and let us know - where do you find SOUL?
This shoot may have been one of the most challenging but it was also one of the most rewarding - thank you to everyone who was involved in creating this beauty and to all of our fans who took the time to watch it.
Tell us where you find SOUL at www.mysteaz.com for your chance to win $5000 for yourself and $5000 to support a charity.
Photo Credit: Jamie Collins and Russell Brownley.


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A contingent of activists are petitioning Naperville City Council to ban the sale of dogs raised in puppy mills.
Attorney Sherri Oslick told City Council Tuesday night that she had recently read an online article that described Naperville as the "puppy mill outlet capital of the country," saying that dogs obtained from puppy mills are raised in "deplorable conditions with no safeguards."
A petition calling for the ban was signed by 850 people. The council ended up directing city staff to research the issue and report back within 60 days with findings from experts.
"This is all new to us," Councilman Paul Hinterlong said. "We definitely need to be educated before we move on this."
There were about 25 people in Council Chambers protesting puppy mills, many speaking during the public comment portion of the meeting.
Dee Santucci, co-chairwoman of the Education Committee of The Puppy Mill Project, said that polls show 70 percent of Americans are opposed to puppy mills. She echoed Oslick's comments about puppy's raised in inhumane conditions.
She also said that the standards licensed breeders operate under are actually more appropriate for livestock.
"It's legal to keep them in a cage 6 inches larger than they are," Santucci said. "Excluding their tails."
Councilman Steve Chirico pointed out that it might be unfair to lump all dog breeders together. He asked if she had ever visited a licensed breeder and she said "no puppy mill is going to let us (visit) … it's just livestock to them. They are there to make money."
Several other speakers agreed with Santucci, but the owners of Petland Naperville objected strongly to any characterization of their business.
Adam Stachowiak denied that any of the puppies they sold were raised in the conditions described by the group, and said banning the sale of puppies from licensed breeders is not the answer.
His partner Mike Isaac, said the activists were playing on people's emotions.
"They tug at your heartstrings," he said, noting that a blanket rule to end the sale of puppies from licensed breeders was the equivalent of banning the sale of all T-shirts within city limits because some might have been made in sweatshops.
Hinterlong asked if the partners were satisfied with the service of the breeders they dealt with and Isaac said, "absolutely," and noted that they had discontinued business with some breeders that didn't meet their standards.
Isaac was happy with the City Council's decision to research the issue, saying, "we think everybody should be educated on the subject."
Santucci agreed.
"They need to get testimony from experts," she said.
Tags: City Council, puppy mill

subset: commoncrawl


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Royalty in QatarThe Al Thani family has reigned in Qatar since the early 19th century. The previous emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, turned over power to his son Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani in 2013. Sheikh Tamim reportedly has two wives and several children. News!This is an archive of past news. For the most current royal news, visit the Royalty.nu News page.
December 19, 2014
December 18, 2014
December 10, 2014
December 5, 2014
December 3, 2014
November 21, 2014
November 16, 2014
November 11, 2014
November 5, 2014
The emir of Qatar visits Korea Photo by Jeon Heon-Kyun-Pool/Getty Images November 3, 2014
November 2, 2014
October 29, 2014
October 22, 2014
Sheikha Mozah (right) visits a refugee camp in Turkey Photo by Kerem Kocalar/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images October 5, 2014
September 25, 2014
September 24, 2014
September 17, 2014
August 28, 2014
August 21, 2014
The emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim (right), with Palestine president Mahmoud Abbas Photo by Thaer Ghanaim/PPO via Getty Images August 19, 2014
August 3, 2014
July 22, 2014
July 17, 2014
July 15, 2014
July 7, 2014
May 13, 2014
April 14, 2014
March 5, 2014
February 21, 2014
February 17, 2014
Qatar's Sheikh Tamim in 2011 Photo © Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs. License Photo source: Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs January 30, 2014
January 28, 2014
January 22, 2014
January 3, 2014
Books About QatarUnless otherwise noted, these books are for sale at Amazon.com. Your purchase through these links will result in a commission for the owner of the Royalty.nu site. Qatar by David Chaddock. Covers the country's history, culture, government, and more. Illustrated with photographs. Al Jazeera: The Story of the Network That Is Rattling Governments and Redefining Modern Journalism by Mohammed El-Nawawy and Adel Iskandar. About the television station founded by Qatar's emir. Sheds light on the background of the Al-Jazeera network, how it operates, and its implications for the future of news broadcasting in the Middle East. The original subtitle of this book was "How the Free Arab News Network Scooped the World and Changed the Middle East." Horses of Qatar: The Legend of Al Shaqab by David Chaddock. In the Arabian peninsula, horses are an essential part of society. Under the patronage of the emir of Qatar and his daughter Sheikha Al Mayassa, this book offers up-close glimpses of the care and training of Qatar's horses. Berlitz Pocket Guide to Qatar. A travel guide. Includes maps. The Making of the Modern Gulf States by Rosemarie Said Zahlan. Explores the history of the royal families of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. Qatar by Tamra Orr. A look at the nation's culture for children age 9 to 12. More Books About Qatar Related TopicsOther Websites
Wikipedia - Qatar |
| |||||||


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Public School Funding: Local Contribution
Sponsored by the House Education Committee |
"An Act relating to the local contribution to public school funding; and providing for an effective date." Posted: February 22, 2010 HB 350 brings uniformity back into Alaska's public school funding formula's calculation of required local effort. It will continue a benefit of counting only half the assessed valuation growth over the previous year. This recognizes for one year the increased infrastructure burden experienced by areas undergoing economic growth. # # #
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text:
Problems appearing in 2.0.3
The first is more of a problem players are having-- the actual code is "working as intended." More than a few players were distraught to note that crowd control trinkets like the Tidal Charm are now "fizzing out after level 60," according to the tooltips. Drysc says about what you'd expect: that this kind of stuff is part of the CC nerfing going on, and that the trinkets coming in BC will make your eyes pop out of your head anyway. Tough luck, basically.
There's a few known bugs going around, however. One a lot of people are dealing with is that the default target frame-- the little portrait of your target next to yours-- is disappearing. One small fix is simply typing /console reloadui: that seems to bring it back up for a bit, but it usually drops away again. It's definitely a repeatable bug, though, so hopefully a word from Blizz is forthcoming.
Another known bug leads to issues changing and promoting raid leadership and main looters. Blizz acknowledges they're working on this one. Meanwhile, Kelriia over on LJ supposedly has a fix: either type /promote [name of leader][last letter of leader's name] , or /script PromotetoAssistant [name and last letter again]. Not sure if anyone else has tested those (or why you'd have to include the last letter repeated), but if it works, there you go.
A few people are complaining that their addons aren't loading-- here's a quick reminder that after a patch, you have to go to the addon screen and actually check "Load out-of-date Addons." Worked for me.
And finally, just a personal disappointment, being a Shaman:
Filed under: Shaman, Patches, Analysis / Opinion, Bugs, Blizzard, News items


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The Global Intelligence Files,
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The Global Intelligence Files
On Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.
Libyan Airstrikes March 28-29, 2011
Released on 2012-10-18 17:00 GMT
Email-ID | 1331121 |
Date | 2011-03-29 14:59:43 |
From | email@example.com |
To | email@example.com |
Libyan Airstrikes March 28-29, 2011
March 29, 2011 | 1140 GMT
Libyan Airstrikes March 28-29, 2011
(click here to enlarge image)
Related Special Topic Page
* The Libyan War: Full Coverage
U.S. President Barack Obama addressed the nation March 28 to provide
justification for his decision to commit American forces to the campaign
in Libya and to emphasize the transition of command to NATO. Delegations
from coalition partners as well as NATO, the United Nations, the African
Union and the Arab League will be meeting in London on March 29 to
discuss the future of Libya and the mission moving forward.
Coalition airstrikes continued unabated, with individual military
operations being flown against targets in Tripoli, Tajoura, Surman,
Sirte, Sabha, Harawa, Garyan, Mizdah, Misurata, and the mountain area
west of Tripoli. In addition, U.S. forces attacked three Libyan ships
firing at merchant vessels in the port of Misurata. One of the three
ships, the Libyan coast guard ship Vittoria, was beached while a second
ship was destroyed and the third was abandoned. The Jerusalem Post
reported the U.S. 6th Fleet said an Air Force A-10C Thunderbolt II, the
guided missile destroyer USS Barry (DDG 52), and a Navy P-3C maritime
patrol aircraft were used in the action against the three Libyan ships.
An unnamed top U.S. military official said March 29 that in addition to
the A-10C Thunderbolt IIs, which specialize in close air support and
targeting armor on the ground, U.S. Air Force AC-130 gunships -
devastating and increasingly precise platforms for attacking ground
targets - were employed over the weekend of March 27-28. Despite the
increased use of aircraft tailored for the close air support role, U.S.
Vice Adm. William Gortney denied that the United States is coordinating
attacks with the opposition.
British Royal Air Force Tornado GR4 fighters struck two main battle
tanks and two armored vehicles with brimstone missiles near Misurata.
Fighting intensified between rebel forces and government forces loyal to
Libyan leader Moammer Gadhafi - increasing fears of a stalemate. A
Libyan government spokesman claimed early March 29 that the port town of
Misurata was "liberated," while Libyan rebels have acknowledged that
forces loyal to Gadhafi have seized control of part of the city.
Libyan Airstrikes March 28-29, 2011
(click here to enlarge image)
Opposition fighters reportedly advanced to the town of Umm el Ghindel on
March 28, continuing to inch closer to Gadhafi's hometown of Sirte,
which sits astride the immense swath of open terrain serving as a
geographic buffer between the eastern and western portions of the
country. The precise status of the rebel advance is unclear. CNN
reported it could not provide independent confirmation on reports that
rebels encountered armed civilians and retreated after taking fire. AFP
reported the rebels advanced to Harawa, but were repulsed, while the BBC
and Jerusalem Post reported the rebels retreated to the town of Bin
Jawad, 160 kilometers (100 miles) east of Sirte, to consolidate their
forces. The retreat was reportedly disorganized and hasty. Government
forces have been using heavy weaponry in defense of the road toward
Sirte, according to CNN. What does seem to be clear is that even with
heavy air support, the rebels are having trouble advancing in the face
of any significant opposition.
Qatar continues to supply aircraft for the coalition mission. Qatari air
force Chief of Staff Gen. Mubarak al-Khayarin has continued to emphasize
his country's contribution.
Give us your thoughts Read comments on
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Michael Nouri currently is filming the ABC pilot "Empire State" and can be seen in the FX Networks hit drama "Damages" opposite Glenn Close. He also has a recurring role on CBS's long running "NCIS." Michael will appear this summer in "The Proposal," starring Sandra Bullock. He had a major recurring role on ABC's popular show "Brothers and Sisters" and starred as 'Dr. Neil Roberts' on FOX's smash hit "The OC." He also appears in the feature films "Invincible," with Mark Wahlberg and Greg Kinnear, and "Boynton Beach Club," opposite Dyan Cannon and directed by Susan Seidelman.
Nouri has enjoyed a long career spanning film, television and theatre. His film work includes: "Flashdance," "The Terminal," "Last Holiday," starring Queen Latifah, Billy Crystal's "61*," "High Roller: The Stu Unger Story," with Michael Imperioli, "Lovely and Amazing," "Finding Forrester," starring opposite Sean Connery, "Goodbye Columbus," "Davinci's Way," "The Imagemaker," "Gobots," "Chameleon," "Fatal Sky," "Total Exposure," "Black Ice," "Fortunes of War," "To The Limit," and "The Hidden," for which he won the Best Actor Award at the Avoriaz Film Festival.
Nouri has recently guest starred on "Without a Trace," "CSI: NY," "South Beach," "Enterprise," "Cold Case," "The Practice," "The West Wing," and "Law & Order," "SVU," and "Criminal Intent." He played the lead role of 'Lucky Luciano' in the highly-rated NBC series "The Gangster Chronicles" and received an Emmy nomination for "Search for Tomorrow."
Nouri starred in the NBC series "Bay City Blues," three series for CBS – "Love and War," "Downtown," and "Beacon Hill" – and in the title role of the series "The Curse of Dracula." Additional television work includes "The Doris Duke Story," "Rage of Angels," opposite Jaclyn Smith," "The Last Convertible," "Contract on Cherry Street," supporting Frank Sinatra," "Shattered Dreams," the title role in "Quiet Victory: The Charlie Wedemeyer Story," "Between Two Women," "The Story Continues," "Danielle Steele's Changes," "In The Arms of a Killer," "Psychic," "Exclusive," "The Sands of Time," "Between Love and Honor," and "Eyes of Terror," with Barbara Eden.
Nouri starred on Broadway opposite Julie Andrews in "Victor/Victoria" and in "Forty Carats," opposite Julie Harris. He recently starred in "Can Can" for the Encores series at City Center and in the Goodspeed Theatre production of "Camille Claudel," opposite Linda Eder. He also toplined a seven-month national tour of "South Pacific."
Nouri serves as ambassador to the Multiple Sclerosis Society and Seeds of Peace.


text:
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Latest update on Tuesday May 7, 2013 01:24:43 AM


text:
Top Stories
KANO: Gunmen suspected of being Boko Haram Islamists killed a dozen people when they razed a police station after failing to storm a jail in northeastern Nigeria's Gombe city, police said Saturday.
The city was put under lockdown, with no residents allowed to leave their homes, after the gun and bomb attacks in a botched attempt to free inmates.
"The gunmen had attempted to break into the prison near the police station and their attempt was unsuccessful, but they succeeded in burning down the police station," police chief for Gombe state Gandhi Ebikeme Orubebe told AFP.
"So far 12 people have been killed in the bomb and shooting attack, 10 of them were civilians and two policemen," he said, adding that the police station had been blown up with bombs.
Witnesses had earlier told AFP they counted 14 bodies.
No-one has claimed responsibility for the attack. Islamist sect Boko Haram last week said it was behind a prison raid in central Kogi state, near the capital Abuja, which freed 119 inmates.
Boko Haram, blamed for a wave of recent raids in northern and central Nigeria, has repeatedly claimed its members are being illegally held in state prisons and demanded their release.
Many of Boko Haram's recent attacks have targeted the police, but suspected members of the sect also gunned down five worshippers inside a mosque on Friday as evening prayers ended in Kano, Nigeria's second largest city.
Boko Haram's violent campaign has intensified in recent months and on Thursday Nigeria's top military chief said the group had formed links with Al-Qaeda's north Africa branch, known as Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb.
"I have seen at least 14 burnt bodies in and around the police station," a witness in Gombe said earlier on condition of anonymity.
He said he counted 10 bodies inside the police building, while four others were found dead in a burned out car outside the station.
Orubebe said the prison raiders were "repelled by our men guarding the place, then they came to one police station and fired a lot of guns and also threw bombs."
The prison overlooks the police station and both are situated near the palace of the emir, the top traditional Muslim leader in the city of Gombe, the capital of a state of the same name.
Boko Haram, whose name means "Western education is sin" in the Hausa language, had previously targeted Christian worshippers in Gombe.
The sect launched an uprising in 2009 in Africa's most populous nation, which was put down by a brutal military assault that left some 800 people dead.
After lying dormant for about a year, the group has re-emerged with a series of shootings and bomb attacks that have killed around 1,000 people. Its deadliest assault left 185 people dead in Kano last month.
The group also claimed responsibility for a Christmas Day bomb attack on a Catholic Church outside the capital Abuja that claimed at least 44 lives, and a suicide blast at UN headquarters in the city that killed 25 in August.


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International Medical Corps, working closely with local authorities and community leaders, is perfectly placed to deal with the crisis through our existing nutrition programs.
November 26, 2013 - Saving the Lives of Mothers and Babies in Somalia's Beletweyne Hospital
September 13, 2012 - Engaging Somali Men and Boys to Prevent Violence Against Women
June 15, 2012 - Yahoo Health: After Islamists, Clinic Brings Hope to Somali Town
April 16, 2012 - Empowering Somali Women Refugees to Talk About Violence
March 1, 2012 - GE Awards International Medical Corps $2.3 Million for Humanitarian Relief Programs in Africa, Middle East
February 21, 2012 - MarketWatch: Hilton Foundation Preventing Deadly Disease Outbreaks in Somalia
January 20, 2012 - Six Months into East Africa Famine Emergency, a Story of Survival
January 19, 2012 - Mohammed, International Medical Corps-Trained Hygiene Promoter
September 22, 2011 - International Medical Corps Issues Commitment at Clinton Global Initiative Annual Meeting to Deliver Immediate Humanitarian Relief for People Affected by Famine in the Horn of Africa
September 20, 2011 - International Medical Corps Partners with Wings of Help, Lufthansa, and International Relief Teams to Deliver 50 Tons of Relief to Drought and Famine-Affected in East Africa
August 11, 2011 - A Simple Campaign to Ensure Safe Drinking Water for Somali Refugees
September 1, 2011 - AmeriCares Building Field Hospital for Somalis Suffering from Famine
August24, 2011 - Food Security Situation Deteriorating in Somaliland
FAQ - Famine Declared in Somalia – What Does it Really Mean?
July 28, 2011 - International Medical Corps Teams Scaling Up As East Africa Drought & Famine Continue to Force Thousands Across Borders; 11.6 Million Now in Dire Need of Humanitarian Relief
July 21, 2011 - Somali Refugee Camps, Somali Region, Ethiopia
July 19, 2011 - As Famine Declared in Somalia, International Medical Corps Emergency Teams Responding Throughout East Africa
July 8, 2011 - International Medical Corps Expands Emergency Response to Drought Crisis in East Africa
June 30, 2011 - International Medical Corps Mobilizing Emergency Response as Severe Drought Creates Potential Humanitarian Crisis in Somali Refugee Camps
June 22, 2011 - A Home Away From Home: Life in the Somali Refugee Camps
January 26, 2011 -International Medical Corps Provides Urgently Needed Nutrition Services in Drought-Hit Somalia and Somaliland
October 21, 2010 - In a Remote Region of Somalia, Battling the Elements – and Monkeys – To Obtain Water
VIDEO - BBC Sudan (February 18, 2010)
February 18, 2010 - International Medical Corps and ECHO to Provide Health, Nutrition, Water and Sanitation to 35,000 Displaced Somalis
September 8, 2009 - International Medical Corps' Begin The UK Department for International Development Funded Programs in Somalia
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For immediate release -- Monday, February 11, 2008. Contact Bob Brammer -- 515-281-6699.
Des Moines. Attorney General Tom Miller has proposed a battery of nine criminal law legislative priorities that are under consideration by the Iowa Legislature. Many of the proposals have been working their way through the 2008 General Assembly.
"We have asked for measures including proposals to prevent and punish sex offenses against children," Miller said, "and to prevent domestic violence injuries and murders."
Another proposal is aimed at helping block the sale of guns to persons who have been involuntarily committed to a mental institution. "We never will prevent all disastrous murders such as we saw at Virginia Tech and the Omaha Von Maur store," Miller said, "but this would be a step in the right direction."
Miller also asked the Legislature to prohibit the possession of firearms by persons convicted of domestic abuse assault or persons who are subject to a domestic abuse no-contact order. For the last decade, about a dozen Iowans have been killed each year in domestic violence homicides – mostly by guns. The change would make Iowa law consistent with federal law.
Miller again appealed to the Legislature to strengthen drug treatment as a key means to reduce crime. "There is a very clear linkage between drugs and crime, and we can reduce crime if we provide more drug treatment."
Miller's proposal would increase funding for community substance abuse treatment by $7 million, expand funding for drug courts by $3 million, and fund effective after-school programs with $5 million. Miller also urged the Legislature to replace $2.7 million in expected losses of Federal funding for Iowa Drug Task Forces.
- 30 -
1. Increase state funding in several key areas to deal with the problem of drug-related crime in Iowa, focusing particularly on increased funding for drug treatment and prevention.
(a) Expand Treatment ($7 Million). The Attorney General proposes an increase of $7 million to provide increased funding for community substance abuse treatment services. Increasing the money available for substance abuse treatment will reduce crime and make Iowans safer, because most crime is associated with drugs, and drug treatment is effective in reducing drug use.
(b) Expand Drug Courts ($3 Million). Drug court programs specially tailored to the specific needs of families, juveniles and adults in local communities have shown success in Iowa. Because these programs are proving their effectiveness, the state should ensure their continuation and expansion. The Attorney General proposes an increase of $3 million for this purpose.
(c) Fund After-School Prevention Programs ($5 million). Studies show that children are most at risk during unsupervised after-school hours. For example, in a study of American teens, the YMCA found that youth who are unsupervised after school are three times more likely to use drugs than their peers who are supervised. The Attorney General supports a proposal by the Iowa Afterschool Alliance for an increased appropriation of $5 million to fund the demonstrated need for effective after-school programs in Iowa.
[Go to full details on the Attorney General's Drug Treatment proposals.]
2. Prosecute Internet predators for enticement.
Amend the "enticing" statute to facilitate prosecution of Internet predators who attempt to seduce children, but who do not know that they actually are communicating with investigators posing as children. Legislation is needed following the recent Hansen decision, which limited the use of this enforcement method.
3. Allow multiple charges for child pornography.
Amend the "sexual exploitation of minors" statute to allow multiple criminal charges against persons who possess multiple images of child pornography. The recent Muhlenbruck decision limited prosecution to a single charge when multiple child pornography files are found on a single computer. (This proposal now is an amendment to a bill sponsored by Rep. Deborah Berry.)
4. Prohibit sexual abuse by deception.
Amend the definition of "sexual abuse by deception" to include "deception as to the sexual nature of the act." There have been several cases in which naive victims, typically minors, were persuaded to submit to fondling or other sexual contact by adults who claimed to be conducting "health examinations" or who used some other ruse. Such cases were successfully prosecuted before the recent Bolsinger decision, but now legislation is needed in the wake of that decision.
5. Domestic violence offenders and possession firearms: Prohibit persons from possessing a firearm who (1) have been convicted of a domestic abuse assault, or (2) are the subject of a current pending domestic abuse no-contact order.
The measure would promote public safety and prevent death and injury in domestic violence cases. Federal law prohibits possession of firearms by persons who have either been convicted of domestic abuse or ordered to avoid contact with a domestic abuse victim (following notice and a hearing.) However, a state law is needed to enable state and local authorities, who must deal with the vast majority of domestic violence cases, to enforce this prohibition. More than twenty states already have passed legislation mirroring provisions of the federal law. The bill passed the Senate last year in the first session of this General Assembly.
6. Define strangulation as a form of felonious assault.
After use of a gun, strangulation is the most common lethal method of domestic assault. Strangulation is common in domestic violence cases, and it has been identified as a prime indicator of the likelihood of murder. Ten percent of violent deaths each year are due to strangulation, and female victim outnumber male victims by 6 to 1.
But strangulation rarely can be prosecuted successfully at the felony level, unless death or a broken neck results. Defining assault by strangulation as a form of felonious assault and Class "C" felony would help, as has been done already in six other states. Strangulation would be defined as knowingly impeding the normal breathing or blood circulation of another person by applying pressure to the throat or neck. This measure would strengthen domestic violence protection for victims by taking domestic abuse perpetrators out of the home before the situation escalates to murder.
7. This measure would help prohibit sale of guns to a person who has been involuntarily committed to a mental institution.
Federal law prohibits issuing permits to persons who have been involuntarily committed to a mental institution. The FBI maintains a list of persons of that status, and sellers of guns are required to check the federal data bank and refuse sales to persons on the list. However, following the Virginia Tech mass murders, examination of compliance showed that most states, including Iowa, do not send the FBI more than a small fraction of the names of those who should be disqualified from obtaining permits to possess a firearm. Legislation could help correct this, while preserving an efficient check system and still protecting the general confidentiality of mental health records. This measure would not prevent all disastrous murders, such as at Virginia Tech and the Omaha Von Maur store, for example, but it would be a step in the right direction.
8. Create an Older-Iowan Financial Fraud Prosecution Unit in the Attorney General's Office.
In a state with a large and growing elderly population, surprisingly few law enforcement resources are devoted to protecting a group that is specifically targeted for fraud -- and is vulnerable to fraud. The Attorney General's Area Prosecutions Division has been successful in prosecuting several major cases in this category, but could do much more with a two-person team specializing in this area. The proposal would provide funding for an experienced prosecuting attorney, an experienced investigator, and related costs, at an appropriation of $230,000.
9. Replace an expected $2.7 million loss in Federal Funds that have been used for statewide drug law enforcement efforts by Iowa's Drug Task Forces.
For State Fiscal Year 2009, the federal government is anticipated to cut the Byrne Justice Assistance Grant funding for the Governor's Office of Drug Control Policy (ODCP), which is directed by Iowa statute to coordinate and monitor statewide drug enforcement efforts and substance-abuse prevention and treatment programs. Local Drug Task Forces under the ODCP framework have been instrumental in law enforcement efforts against drugs, and it is important to find state funds to replace the lost federal funds.
About $1 million of the cuts will affect local direct grants, and the other $2 million in cuts will affect state-coordinated grants via the Governor's Office of Drug Control Policy (ODCP) to drug task forces, community drug and crime prevention initiatives, and offender treatment programs. The impact of cuts to Byrne Justice Assistance Grant funding administered by ODCP will be the elimination of grants for 15 drug control programs across the state and 39 personnel working in those programs. Byrne-JAG-supported drug task forces currently serve about three-quarters of the State of Iowa, providing communities with front-line protection against methamphetamine and other drugs. As it stands now, the anticipated federal cuts will severely harm the level of effort and scope of service of Iowa drug task forces. In SFY 2007, Byrne-JAG-supported Iowa drug task forces seized illegal and diverted drugs valued at more than $31 million dollars and netted over 2,000 criminal convictions.


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Originally published 03/18/2013.
Serial murders are rare in the two million strong eastern European nation of Macedonia. However, in 2008, a series of brutal rape-murders of older women were committed in the small Macedonian city of Kicevo. This seemed odd in view of the fact that a serial murderer had terrorized the Macedonian city of Ohrid in 2007.
Newspaper editors prominently placed articles about these crimes written by the respected Vlado Taneski. A journalist for over twenty years, this quiet, soft-spoken man, 56, enjoyed a sterling reputation. As Helena Smith observed in The Guardian, "When Vlado Taneski wrote about the serial killer stalking his hometown in Macedonia, his eye for detail was such that the story was soon riveting readers." On May 19, 2008, the Nova Makedonija (in English: New Macedonia) published a piece by Vlado Taneski entitled "Serial Killer Stalks Kicevo, Too." That article stated, in part, "The people of Kicevo live in fear after another butchered body has been found in the town. The corpse strongly resembles one discovered 20 kilometres outside Kicevo last year and there is a possibility that these monstrous murders are the work of a serial killer. Both women were tortured and murdered in the same fashion, which rules out the possibility that this could have been done by two different people." Taneski's article states that it is unlikely these crimes are connected to the 2007 Ohrid murders since the Ohrid "victims were all street-based money exchangers" and the apparent motive of the murderer was "to rob them."
After dismissing a possible link to the 2007 Ohrid murders, Taneski's piece continues, "The motive of the Kicevo monster remains unclear. Both women were friends and living in the same part of town. Police have a few suspects who they are interrogating. The latest body was found in a rubbish dump. It had been tied up with a piece of phone cable with which the woman had clearly been previously strangled."
Dan Bilefsky writes in The New York Times, "In an article for another newspaper, [Taneski] faulted the police for implicating two men in the death of one of the victims, noting that they had been in jail at the time of the crimes.
Like everyone else, police officers read newspapers. When some police officers read Taneski's articles about the Ohrid murders, several eyebrows were raised. The article stated that the victims had been strangled with the phone cable that also bound them – but the police department had not released that information to the public. In a part not quoted above, the article named the precise type of cable that had been used to strangle the victims and called it a "signature weapon" – another fact not released to the public. No other journalist had reported these unreleased facts in any Macedonian newspaper and that made it even more suspicious that Taneski had. Police spokesperson Ivo Kotevski commented, "We read his stories and it made us suspicious. He knew too much."
Police investigators wanted to know more about Taneski. They took a DNA sample from him. It matched the semen inside one of the Kicevo serial murder victims! In an article, Taneski had labeled the murderer a "monster." Yet evidence clearly indicated that he was that monster!
On Sunday, June 21, 2008, a court ordered that Taneski be arrested and held without bail for thirty days pending the results of a police inquiry.
Taneski was arrested at his home on June 22 and held in a jail located in the nearby town of Tetovo while police examined his house and property. He owned a cottage in a nearby village that police also thoroughly searched.
On June 23, 2008, he was found dead in his cell. He had apparently committed suicide by plunging his head into a bucket and drowning himself.
Many things about these horrible crimes and the self-described "monster" who perpetrated may never be known but what is known is both fascinating and chilling.
Kotevski noted, "All of these women were raped, molested and murdered in the most terrible way and we have strong evidence that Taneski was responsible for all three. In the end there were many things that pointed to him as a suspect and led us to file charges for two of the murders. We were close to charging him with a third murder and hoped he would give us details of a fourth woman who disappeared in 2003 because we believe he was involved in that case, too."
The body of cleaning woman Zivana Temelkoska, 65, was found in early 2008. The corpse of cleaner Ljubica Licoska, 56, was discovered in 2007. The body of Mitra Simjanoska, 64, also a cleaner by trade, was found in 2005. Each of them had been brutally and repeatedly beaten as well as raped and strangled. Police are still searching for a female cleaner, age 78, who has been missing since 2003.
The bodies of Temelkoska, Licoska, and Simjanoska had all been found nude, wrapped in telephone cables, and placed in nylon bags in various sections of Kicevo.
When Taneski was researching the articles on the case for newspapers, he visited and interviewed relatives of the slain women. Temelkoska's understandably dismayed and perplexed son, Zoran, told a reporter for a television network, "He came to our home, we talked, and he asked for details. Who could imagine that it would be our neighbor in the end?"
Taneski also interviewed victim Locoska's sister, Cvetanka, while researching his articles. She was shocked when she learned that the journalist writing about the case was also the culprit. "I am very surprised by this outcome," she told another journalist. "He came to me and asked for some details about my sister."
Why would Taneski, described by all who knew him as a polite and mild-mannered man, rape and murder these women? All of them bore striking similarities to his deceased mother. Like these victims, she had worked as a cleaner and had held that job for many years. All of the victims bore a physical resemblance to his mother. What's more, each of them had known his mother. The relationship between Taneski and his mother had been extremely tense and became even more so after his father committed suicide in 1990. He may have blamed his mother for his father's death and even believed that she drove him to take his own life.
An attractive man whose dark hair was just beginning to turn gray at the edges of his head, Taneski was married. His wife had given birth to two children during their marriage, both of them grown by the time of the murders. However, Taneski and his wife had separated prior to the slayings so it is possible that the friction between him and her aggravated Taneski's underlying mental problems.
As the facts in this horrible case came to light, many who knew Taneski expressed shock. Crime reporter Ognen Cancarevik had worked with Taneski at the New Macedonia newspaper. The two had even collaborated on articles about the Kicevo serial murders. When asked to describe his former colleague, Cancarevik answered, "He was a nice and educated guy who seemed completely normal. When the police rang me to say, 'Your reporter is the murderer,' I could barely believe my ears."
In retrospect, Cancarevik found it odd that Taneski had seemed unmoved when talking about the murders of victims who resided close to him. "He was so calm when discussing the murders," Cancarevik recalled. "All of these women lived only meters away from his house."
Goce Trpkovski, a reporter at the New Macedonia, remembered in an interview how Taneski called the office of that newspaper to tell them about his idea for an article on recent murders. "On May 18, just after the gruesome murder of Zivana Temelkoska, he called and pitched the story to us," a clearly perplexed Trpkovski remembered. "He was very quietly spoken but also very persuasive. As a contributor we published his story as the main article on the crime pages the next day – under the headline 'A Serial Killer Stalks Kicevo, Too' – because the murders followed a series of killings in Ochid although they were nothing like this. To tell the truth, I didn't believe the story – almost nothing happens in Macedonia, and suddenly we have two serial killers stalking our tiny country in a matter of months."
A busy and productive journalist, Taneski often wrote for a newspaper called Utrinski Vesnik. The baffled editor in chief of that newspaper, Ljupco Popovski, stated, "I would never have believed that he was capable of doing something like that."
In an interview with a television station reporter, Taneski's estranged wife said she had enjoyed "an ideal marriage" with him for thirty-one years. She elaborated, "He was always quiet and gentle. The only time I ever saw him get aggressive was when we were living with his parents." That last revelation supports the possibility that the victims were stand-ins for Taneski's mother.
Police are continuing their investigation. They are still hopeful that the 73-year-old cleaning woman who has been missing since 2003 will be located – although they hold out little hope that she will be found alive. However, as Kotevski states, "We may never know exactly what happened."
Sources on following page.


text:
Tamlyn Software develops Joomla Extensions that are simple to use, and yet powerful enough to solve some common problems.
Tamlyn Software is a company owned and run by Tim Plummer, who is based in Sydney NSW Australia, and is a division of Tamlyn Creative Pty Ltd. Tim Plummer is the author of Learning Joomla 3 extension development, published by Packt Publishing in July 2013. Tim is also the conveyor of the Joomla User Group Sydney, and the coordinator of the annual JoomlaDay Sydney conference.
Tamlyn Creative is a design studio and branding agency located in Liverpool NSW. Some invoices and payments are handled via Tamlyn Creative.
Tim is not contactable via phone, however feel free to email or post in the support forum.


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LGBT parenting
Part of a series on | ||||||||
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights | ||||||||
LGBT portal | ||||||||
LGBT parenting refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people parenting one or more children. This includes children raised by same-sex couples (same-sex parenting), children raised by single LGBT parents, and children raised by an opposite-sex couple where at least one partner is LGBT.[1]
LGBT people can become parents through various means including current or former relationships, coparenting, adoption, donor insemination, and surrogacy.[2]
Scientific research consistently shows that gay and lesbian parents are as fit and capable as heterosexual parents, and their children are as psychologically healthy and well-adjusted as those reared by heterosexual parents.[3][4][5] Major associations of mental health professionals in the U.S., Canada, and Australia have not identified credible empirical research that suggests otherwise.[5][6][7][8][9]
Forms of LGBT parenting[edit]
LGBT people can become parents through various means including current or former relationships, coparenting, adoption, foster care, donor insemination, and surrogacy.[2] A gay man, a lesbian, or a transgender person who transitions later in life may have children within an opposite-sex relationship, such as a mixed-orientation marriage, for various reasons.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]
Some children do not know they have an LGBT parent; coming out issues vary and some parents may never reveal to their children that they identify as LGBT. Accordingly, how children respond to their LGBT parent(s) coming out has little to do with their sexual orientation or gender identification of choice, but rather with how either parent responds to acts of coming out; i.e. whether there is dissolution of parental partnerships or rather if parents maintain a healthy, open, and communicative relationship after coming out or during transition in the case of trans parents.[17][18][19]
Many lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people are parents. In the 2000 U.S. Census, for example, 33 percent of female same-sex couple households and 22 percent of male same-sex couple households reported at least one child under the age of 18 living in the home.[20] As of 2005, an estimated 270,313 children in the United States live in households headed by same-sex couples.[21]
Economic resources and home ownership[edit]
According to US Census Snapshot published in December 2007, same-sex couples with children have significantly fewer economic resources and significantly lower rates of home ownership than heterosexual married couples.[21]
Children's outcomes[edit]
Family law |
Marriage and other equivalent or similar unions and status |
Validity of marriages |
Dissolution of marriages |
Other issues |
Private international law |
The Family and the Criminal Code (or Criminal Law) |
In the United States, studies on the effect of gay and lesbian parenting on children were first conducted in the 1970s, and expanded through the 1980s in the context of increasing numbers of gay and lesbian parents seeking legal custody of their biological children.[22] The widespread pattern of children being raised from infancy in two-parent gay or lesbian homes is relatively recent.
The scientific research that has directly compared outcomes for children with gay and lesbian parents with outcomes for children with heterosexual parents has been consistent in showing that lesbian and gay parents are as fit and capable as heterosexual parents, and their children are as psychologically healthy and well-adjusted as children reared by heterosexual parents,[3][4][5] despite the reality that considerable legal discrimination and inequity remain significant challenges for these families.[4] Major associations of mental health professionals in the U.S., Canada, and Australia, have not identified credible empirical research that suggests otherwise.[5][6][7][8][9] Literature indicates that parents' financial, psychological and physical well-being is enhanced by marriage and that children benefit from being raised by two parents within a legally-recognized union.[5][6][23][24] Statistics show that home and childcare activities in homosexual households are more evenly split between the two rather than having specific gender roles,[25] and that there were no differences in the interests and hobbies of children with homosexual or heterosexual parents.[26]
Since the 1970s, it has become increasingly clear that it is family processes (such as the quality of parenting, the psychosocial well-being of parents, the quality of and satisfaction with relationships within the family, and the level of co-operation and harmony between parents) that contribute to determining children's well-being and 'outcomes', rather than family structures, per se, such as the number, gender, sexuality and co-habitation status of parents.[4][23] Since the end of the 1980s, as a result, it has been well established that children and adolescents can adjust just as well in nontraditional settings as in traditional settings.[23]
Judith Stacey, of New York University, stated: "Rarely is there as much consensus in any area of social science as in the case of gay parenting, which is why the American Academy of Pediatrics and all of the major professional organizations with expertise in child welfare have issued reports and resolutions in support of gay and lesbian parental rights".[27] These organizations include the American Academy of Pediatrics,[6] the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,[1] the American Psychiatric Association,[28] the American Psychological Association,[29] the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy,[30] the American Psychoanalytic Association,[31] the National Association of Social Workers,[32] the Child Welfare League of America,[33] the North American Council on Adoptable Children,[34] and Canadian Psychological Association.[35] In 2006, Gregory M. Herek stated in American Psychologist: "If gay, lesbian, or bisexual parents were inherently less capable than otherwise comparable heterosexual parents, their children would evidence problems regardless of the type of sample. This pattern clearly has not been observed. Given the consistent failures in this research literature to disprove the null hypothesis, the burden of empirical proof is on those who argue that the children of sexual minority parents fare worse than the children of heterosexual parents."[7]
Studies and analyses include Bridget Fitzgerald's 1999 analysis of the research on gay and lesbian parenting, published in Marriage and Family Review, which found that the available studies generally concluded that "the sexual orientation of parents is not an effective or important predictor of successful childhood development"[22] and Gregory M. Herek's 2006 analysis in American Psychologist, which said: "Despite considerable variation in the quality of their samples, research design, measurement methods, and data analysis techniques, the findings to date have been remarkably consistent. Empirical studies comparing children raised by sexual minority parents with those raised by otherwise comparable heterosexual parents have not found reliable disparities in mental health or social adjustment. Differences have not been found in parenting ability between lesbian mothers and heterosexual mothers. Studies examining gay fathers are fewer in number but do not show that gay men are any less fit or able as parents than heterosexual men."[7] Additionally, some fear that children will inherit their parent's gender dysphoria or alternate mental health issues in the case of trans parent, yet there is research that suggests "an absence of evidence that children raised by transgendered parents have a greater chance of experiencing […] development issues than raised by non-transgender parents" and further clinical research shows that "children of gender-variant parents do not develop gender dysphoria or mental diseases" due to their parents' diagnosis with gender identity disorder [19]
In June 2010, the results of a 25-year ongoing longitudinal study by Nanette Gartrell of the University of California and Henny Bos of the University of Amsterdam were released. Gartrell and Bos studied 78 children conceived through donor insemination and raised by lesbian mothers. Mothers were interviewed and given clinical questionnaires during pregnancy and when their children were 2, 5, 10, and 17 years of age. In the abstract of the report, the authors stated: "According to their mothers' reports, the 17-year-old daughters and sons of lesbian mothers were rated significantly higher in social, school/academic, and total competence and significantly lower in social problems, rule-breaking, aggressive, and externalizing problem behavior than their age-matched counterparts in Achenbach's normative sample of American youth."[36]
Analysis of extensive social science literature into the question of children's psychological outcomes of being raised by same-sex parents by the Australian Institute of Family Studies in 2013 concluded that "there is now strong evidence that same-sex parented families constitute supportive environments in which to raise children" and that with regard to lesbian parenting "...clear benefits appear to exist with regard to: the quality of parenting children experience in comparison to their peers parented in heterosexual couple families; children's and young adults' greater tolerance of sexual and gender diversity; and gender flexibility displayed by children, particularly sons."[37]
Sexual orientation and gender role adherence of children[edit]
A number of studies have examined whether the children of lesbian and gay parents are themselves more likely to identify as lesbian and gay. In a 2001 review of 21 studies, Judith Stacey and Timothy Biblarz found that researchers frequently downplay findings indicating difference regarding children's gender, sexual preferences and behavior, suggesting that an environment of heterosexism has hampered scientific inquiry in the area. Their findings indicate that the children with lesbian or gay parents appear less traditionally gender-typed and are more likely to be open to homoerotic relationships, which may be partly due to genetic or family socialization processes or "contextual effects," even though children raised by same-sex couples are not more likely to self-identify as bisexual, lesbian, or gay and most of them identify as heterosexual.[38] According to US Census, 80% of the children being raised by same-sex couples in US are their biological children.[39] When it comes to family socialization processes and "contextual effects," Stacey and Biblarz point out that children with such parents are disproportionately more likely to grow up in relatively more tolerant school, neighborhood, and social contexts, which are less heterosexist.[38]
A 2005 review by Charlotte J. Patterson for the American Psychological Association found that the available data did not suggest higher rates of homosexuality among the children of lesbian or gay parents.[40] Herek's 2006 review describes the available data on the point as limited.[7] Stacey and Biblarz and Herek stress that the sexual orientation and gender identification of children is of limited relevance to discussions of parental fitness or policies based on the same. In a 2010 review comparing single-father families with other family types, Stacey and Biblarz state, "We know very little yet about how parents influence the development of their children's sexual identities or how these intersect with gender."[8]
Children of LGBT parents do not have any differences in their gender role behaviors in comparison to those observed in heterosexual and/or cisgender family structures.[41]
Studies of LGBT parenting have sometimes suffered from small and/or non-random samples and inability to implement all possible controls, due to the small LGBT parenting population and to cultural and social obstacles to identifying as an LGBT parent.
A 1993 review published in the Journal of Divorce & Remarriage identified fourteen studies addressing the effects of LGBT parenting on children. The review concluded that all of the studies lacked external validity and that therefore: "The conclusion that there are no significant differences in children reared by lesbian mothers versus heterosexual mothers is not supported by the published research data base."[42]
Fitzgerald's 1999 analysis explained some methodological difficulties:
Many of these studies suffer from similar limitations and weaknesses, with the main obstacle being the difficulty in acquiring representative, random samples on a virtually invisible population. Many lesbian and gay parents are not open about their sexual orientation due to real fears of discrimination, homophobia, and threats of losing custody of their children. Those who do participate in this type of research are usually relatively open about their homosexuality and, therefore, may bias the research towards a particular group of gay and lesbian parents.
Because of the inevitable use of convenience samples, sample sizes are usually very small and the majority of the research participants end up looking quite homogeneous—e.g. white, middle-class, urban, and well-educated. Another pattern is the wide discrepancy between the number of studies conducted with children of gay fathers and those with lesbian mothers...
Another potential factor of importance is the possibility of social desirability bias when research subjects respond in ways that present themselves and their families in the most desirable light possible. Such a phenomenon does seem possible due to the desire of this population to offset and reverse negative images and discrimination. Consequently, the findings of these studies may be patterned by self-presentation bias.[22]
According to a 2001 review of 21 studies by Stacey and Biblarz published in American Sociological Review: "[R]esearchers lack reliable data on the number and location of lesbigay parents with children in the general population, there are no studies of child development based on random, representative samples of such families. Most studies rely on small-scale, snowball and convenience samples drawn primarily from personal and community networks or agencies. Most research to date has been conducted on white lesbian mothers who are comparatively educated, mature, and reside in relatively progressive urban centers, most often in California or the Northeastern states."[38]
In more recent studies, many of these issues have been resolved due to factors such as the changing social climate for LGBT people.
Herek's paper in American Psychologist stated:
The overall methodological sophistication and quality of studies in this domain have increased over the years, as would be expected for any new area of empirical inquiry. More recent research has reported data from probability and community-based convenience samples, has used more rigorous assessment techniques, and has been published in highly respected and widely cited developmental psychology journals, including Child Development and Developmental Psychology. Data are increasingly available from prospective studies. In addition, whereas early study samples consisted mainly of children originally born into heterosexual relationships that subsequently dissolved when one parent came out as gay or lesbian, recent samples are more likely to include children conceived within a same-sex relationship or adopted in infancy by a same-sex couple. Thus, they are less likely to confound the effects of having a sexual minority parent with the consequences of divorce.[7]
In a 2009 affidavit filed in the case Gill v. Office of Personnel Management, Michael Lamb, a professor of psychology and head of Department of Social and Developmental Psychology at Cambridge University, stated:
The methodologies used in the major studies of same-sex parenting meet the standards for research in the field of developmental psychology and psychology generally. The studies specific to same-sex parenting were published in leading journals in the field of child and adolescent development, such as Child Development, published by the Society for Research in Child Development, Developmental Psychology, published by the American Psychological Association, and The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, the flagship peer-review journals in the field of child development. Most of the studies appeared in these (or similar) rigorously peer-reviewed and highly selective journals, whose standards represent expert consensus on generally accepted social scientific standards for research on child and adolescent development. Prior to publication in these journals, these studies were required to go through a rigorous peer-review process, and as a result, they constitute the type of research that members of the respective professions consider reliable. The body of research on same-sex families is consistent with standards in the relevant fields and produces reliable conclusions."[23]
Gartrell and Bos's 25-year longitudinal study, published 2010, was limited to mothers who sought donor insemination and who may have been more motivated than mothers in other circumstances.[43] Gartrell and Bos note that the study's limitations included utilizing a non-random sample, and the lesbian group and control group were not matched for race or area of residence. The study was supported by grants from the Gill Foundation, the Lesbian Health Fund of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, Horizons Foundation, and the Roy Scrivner Fund of the American Psychological Foundation.[36]
Michael J. Rosenfeld, associate professor of sociology at Stanford University, wrote in a 2010 study published in Demography that "[A] critique of the literature—that the sample sizes of the studies are too small to allow for statistically powerful tests—continues to be relevant." Rosenfeld's study, "the first to use large-sample nationally representative data," found that children of same-sex couples demonstrated normal outcomes in school. "The core finding here," reports the study," offers a measure of validation for the prior, and much-debated, small-sample studies."[44]
According to a 2005 brief by the American Psychological Association:
In summary, research on diversity among families with lesbian and gay parents and on the potential effects of such diversity on children is still sparse (Martin, 1993, 1998; Patterson, 1995b, 2000, 2001, 2004; Perrin, 2002; Stacey & Biblarz, 2001; Tasker, 1999). Data on children of parents who identify as bisexual are still not available, and information about children of non-White lesbian or gay parents is hard to find (but see Wainright et al., 2004, for a racially diverse sample)... However, the existing data are still limited, and any conclusions must be seen as tentative... It should be acknowledged that research on lesbian and gay parents and their children, though no longer new, is still limited in extent. Although studies of gay fathers and their children have been conducted (Patterson, 2004), less is known about children of gay fathers than about children of lesbian mothers. Although studies of adolescent and young adult offspring of lesbian and gay parents are available (e.g., Gershon et al., 1999; Tasker & Golombok, 1997; Wainright et al., 2004), relatively few studies have focused on the offspring of lesbian or gay parents during adolescence or adulthood.[40]
In 2010 American Psychological Association, The California Psychological Association, The American Psychiatric Association, and the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy stated:
Relatively few studies have directly examined gay fathers, but those that exist find that gay men are similarly fit and able parents, as compared to heterosexual men. Available empirical data do not provide a basis for assuming gay men are unsuited for parenthood. If gay parents were inherently unfit, even small studies with convenience samples would readily detect it. This has not been the case. Being raised by a single father does not appear to inherently disadvantage children's psychological wellbeing more than being raised by a single mother. Homosexuality does not constitute a pathology or deficit, and there is no theoretical reason to expect gay fathers to cause harm to their children. Thus, although more research is needed, available data place the burden of empirical proof on those who argue that having a gay father is harmful.[5]
Children may struggle with negative attitudes about their parents from the harassment they may encounter by living in a heteronormative, cisnormative society.[45]
Stephen Hicks, a reader in health and social care at the University of Salford[46] questions the value of trying to establish that lesbian or gay parents are defective or suitable. He argues such positions are flawed because they are informed by ideologies that either oppose or support such families.[47] In Hicks' view:
Instead of asking whether gay parenting is bad for kids, I think we should ask how contemporary discourses of sexuality maintain the very idea that lesbian and gay families are essentially different and, indeed, deficient. But, in order to ask this, I think that we need a wider range of research into lesbian and gay parenting... More work of this sort will help us to ask more complex questions about forms of parenting that continue to offer some novel and challenging approaches to family life.[47]
Misrepresentation of research by opponents of LGBT parenting[edit]
In a 2006 statement the Canadian Psychological Association released an updated statement on their 2003 and 2005 conclusions, saying, "The CPA recognizes and appreciates that persons and institutions are entitled to their opinions and positions on this issue. However, CPA is concerned that some persons and institutions are mis-interpreting the findings of psychological research to support their positions, when their positions are more accurately based on other systems of belief or values."[3] Several professional organizations have noted that studies which opponents of LGBT parenting claim as evidence that same-sex couples are unfit parents do not in fact address same-sex parenting, however, and therefore do not permit any conclusions to be drawn about the effects of the sexes or sexual orientations of parents. Rather, these studies, which only sampled heterosexual parents, found that it was better for children to be raised by two parents instead of one, and/or that the divorce or death of a parent had a negative effect on children.[3][48] In Perry v. Brown, in which Judge Vaughn Walker found that the available studies on stepchildren, which opponents of same-sex marriage cited to support their position that it is best for a child to be raised by its biological mother and father, do not isolate "the genetic relationship between a parent and a child as a variable to be tested" and only compare "children raised by married, biological parents with children raised by single parents, unmarried mothers, step families and cohabiting parents," and thus "compare various family structures and do not emphasize biology."[49] Perry also cited studies showing that "adopted children or children conceived using sperm or egg donors are just as likely to be well-adjusted as children raised by their biological parents."[49]
Gregory M. Herek noted that "empirical research can't reconcile disputes about core values, but it is very good at addressing questions of fact. Policy debates will be impoverished if this important source of knowledge is simply dismissed as a 'he said, she said' squabble."[50]
Legal issues[edit]
Several countries allow same-sex couples to adopt children, while most jurisdictions prohibit them from doing so. Some jurisdictions limit adoption by same-sex couples to stepparent adoption, where one partner in a same-sex couple can legally adopt the biological children of the partner. Adoption by individual LGBT persons is also legal in some jurisdictions.
In January 2008, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that same-sex couples have the right to adopt a child.[51][52] Unmarried LGBT adults can petition to adopt a child in all US states but Florida. Granting the petition is left to the discretion of a judge.[53]
Legal parenthood for same-sex couples not by adoption[edit]
Certain jurisdictions allow the female spouse or partner of the biological mother to acquire the status of a legal parent of the child in the same way as would be possible for a male spouse or partner, thus without the need to go through an adoption procedure. These jurisdictions include Australia,[54] Belgium (as of 1 January 2015),[55] the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, Alberta, Quebec and Ontario,[56] Denmark,[57] Iceland,[58] the Netherlands,[59] Norway[60] and Sweden.
Same-sex parenting is often raised as an issue in debates about the legalization of same-sex marriage.
Trans parenting[edit]
There is little to no visibility or public support through pregnancy and parenting resources directed towards trans parents.[19][61]
While "once gay and lesbian parents attain parenthood status[…] they almost never lose it" this is not the case for trans parents, as seen with the cases of Suzanne Daly (1983) and Martha Boyd (2007), two trans women who both had their parental rights, with regard to biological children, terminated on the basis of their diagnosis of gender identity disorder and their trans status. They were perceived to have abandoned their role as "fathers" through their MTF transition, and were perceived to have acted selfishly in putting their own sexual/identity needs before the wellbeing of their children. These cases are amongst many legal custody battles fought by trans parents whereby U.S. courts have completely overlooked defendants suitability as "parents" as opposed to "mothers" or "fathers," roles that are heavily gendered and come with strict societal understandings of normative parental behaviour.[62] In the case of trans individuals who desire to become parents and to be legally recognized as mothers or fathers of their children, courts often refuse to legally acknowledge such roles because of biological discrimination. An example of this is the X, Y and Z vs. U.K case, whereby X, a trans man who had been in a stable relationship with Y, a biological woman who gave birth to Z through artificial insemination through which X was always present, was denied the right to be listed as Z's father on their birth certificate due to the fact that they did not directly inseminate Y.[63]
Recently, Canada has started acknowledging trans parental rights in terms of custody arrangements and of legal recognition of parental status. In 2001, Leslie (formerly Howard) Forester was permitted to retain custody of her daughter after her ex-partner filed for sole custody on the basis of Leslie's transition. The courts ruled that "the applicant's transsexuality, in itself, without further evidence, would not constitute a material change in circumstances, nor would it be considered a negative factor in custody determination," marking a landmark case in family law whereby "a person's transsexuality is irrelevant on its own as a factor in his or her ability to be a good parent"[64] Additionally, Jay Wallace, a resident trans-man from Toronto, Canada, "was permitted to identify as Stanley's father on the province of Ontario's Statement of Live Birth Form," marking a decoupling of genetics and bio-sex in relation to parental roles.[65]
See also[edit]
- Coparenting
- LGBT adoption
- LGBT adoption in Europe
- Same-sex marriage and the family
- Surrogacy
- Third party reproduction
- New Family Structures Study: Published by Mark Regnerus in 2012, this study was widely discredited by researchers, and which claimed to show that children of gay and lesbian parents were adversely affected by their upbringing by parents in same-sex relationships.[66]
- ^ a b Children with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Parents
- ^ a b Berkowitz, D & Marsiglio, W (2007). Gay Men: Negotiating Procreative, Father, and Family Identities. Journal of Marriage and Family 69 (May 2007): 366–381
- ^ a b c d "Marriage of Same-Sex Couples – 2006 Position Statement Canadian Psychological Association". 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-04-19.
- ^ a b c d "Elizabeth Short, Damien W. Riggs, Amaryll Perlesz, Rhonda Brown, Graeme Kane: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Parented Families – A Literature Review prepared for The Australian Psychological Society" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-11-05.
- ^ a b c d e f Brief of the American Psychological Association, The California Psychological Association, The American Psychiatric Association, and the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy as Amici Curiae in support of plaintiff-appellees
- ^ a b c d Pawelski JG, Perrin EC, Foy JM, et al. (July 2006). "The effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children". Pediatrics 118 (1): 349–64. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1279. PMID 16818585.
- ^ a b c d e f Herek GM (September 2006). "Legal recognition of same-sex relationships in the United States: a social science perspective". The American Psychologist 61 (6): 607–21. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.6.607. PMID 16953748.
- ^ a b c How Does the Gender of Parents Matter
- ^ a b Brief presented to the Legislative House of Commons Committee on Bill C38 by the Canadian Psychological Association – June 2, 2005.
- ^ Butler, Katy (March 7, 2006). "Many Couples Must Negotiate Terms of 'Brokeback' Marriages". New York Times.
- ^ Gay Men from Heterosexual Marriages: Attitudes, Behaviors, Childhood Experiences, and Reasons for Marriage
- ^ Stack, Peggy Fletcher (August 5, 2006), "Gay, Mormon, married", The Salt Lake Tribune
- ^ Moore, Carrie A. (March 30, 2007). "Gay LDS men detail challenges". Deseret Morning News.
- ^ Bozett, Frederick W. (1987). "The Heterosexually Married Gay and Lesbian Parent". Gay and Lesbian Parents. New York: Praeger. p. 138. ISBN 0-275-92541-2.
- ^ Büntzly G (1993). "Gay fathers in straight marriages". Journal of Homosexuality 24 (3–4): 107–14. doi:10.1300/J082v24n03_07. PMID 8505530.
- ^ The Married Lesbian
- ^ Dunne EJ (1987). "Helping gay fathers come out to their children". Journal of Homosexuality 14 (1–2): 213–22. doi:10.1300/J082v14n01_16. PMID 3655343.
- ^ A Family Matter: When a Spouse Comes Out as Gay, Lesbian, or Bisexual
- ^ a b c Faccio, Elena, Bordin, Elena, & Cipolletta, Sabina (2013). Transsexual Parenthood and New Role Assumptions. Culture, Health & Sexuality, vol. 15 (No. 9), p. 1055-1070.
- ^ APA Policy Statement on Sexual Orientation, Parents & Children, American Psychological Association, July 28 & 30, 2004. Retrieved on 04-06-2007.
- ^ a b Williams Institute: Census Snapshot – United States
- ^ a b c Bridget Fitzgerald, "Children of lesbian and gay parents: A review of the literature," Marriage and Family Review, 1999, Volume 29, Number 1, pages 57–75.
- ^ a b c d Michael Lamb, Affidavit – United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (2009)
- ^ Canadian Psychological Association: Marriage of Same-Sex Couples – 2006 Position Statement Canadian Psychological Association
- ^ Escobar, Samantha (July 27, 2013). "Children of Gay Couples Impacted By Parents' Relationship But Not Sexual Orientation: Study". Huffington Post. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- ^ "Gay and Lesbian Parents". American Academy Of Pediatrics. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- ^ cited in Cooper & Cates, 2006, p. 36; citation available on http://www.psychology.org.au/Assets/Files/LGBT-Families-Lit-Review.pdf
- ^ Adoption and Co-parenting of Children by Same-sex Couples (archived from [1])
- ^ Sexual Orientation, Parents, & Children
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ Position Statement on Gay and Lesbian Parenting
- ^ Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365, Application for leave to file brief amici curiae in support of the parties challenging the marriage exclusion, and brief amici curiae of the American Psychological Association, California Psychological Association, American Psychiatric Association, National Association of Social Workers, and National Association of Social Workers, California Chapter in support of the parties challenging the marriage exclusion
- ^ Position Statement on Parenting of Children by Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults
- ^ NACAC Position Statements
- ^ Marriage of Same-Sex Couples – 2006 Position Statement Canadian Psychological Association
- ^ a b Gartrell N, Bos H (2010). "US National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study: Psychological Adjustment of 17-Year-Old Adolescents". Pediatrics 126 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3153.
- ^ Dempsey, Deborah (Dr) (2013). "Same-sex parented families in Australia". CFCA Paper 18 (1): 19.
- ^ a b c Stacey J, Biblarz TJ (2001). "(How) Does the Sexual Orientation of Parents Matter?" (PDF). American Sociological Review 66 (2): 159–183. doi:10.2307/2657413.
If these young adults raised by lesbian mothers were more open to a broad range of sexual possibilities, they were not statistically more likely to self-identify as bisexual, lesbian, or gay.....Children raised by lesbian co-parents should and do seem to grow up more open to homoerotic relationships. This may be partly due to genetic and family socialization processes, but what sociologists refer to as "contextual effects" not yet investigated by psychologists may also be important...even though children of lesbian and gay parents appear to express a significant increase in homoeroticism, the majority of all children nonetheless identify as heterosexual, as most theories across the essentialistt" to "social constructionist" spectrum seem (perhaps too hastily) to expect.
- ^ DONALDSON JAMES, SUSAN (June 23, 2011). "Census 2010: One-Quarter of Gay Couples Raising Children". ABC News. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
Still, more than 80 percent of the children being raised by gay couples are not adopted, according to Gates.
- ^ a b American Psychological Association Lesbian & Gay Parenting
- ^ American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (August 2013). "Children with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Parents". Facts For Families. No. 92. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- ^ Belcastro et al. (1993). "A Review of Data Based Studies Addressing the Affects of Homosexual Parenting on Children's Sexual and Social Functioning". Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 20 (1–2): 105–122. doi:10.1300/J087v20n01_06.
- ^ Discover magazine "Same-Sex Parents Do No Harm". January 2, 2011 edition, p. 77
- ^ Michael J. Rosenfeld, M. J. (2010). "Nontraditional Families and Childhood Progress Through School". Demography 47 (3): 755–775. doi:10.1353/dem.0.0112. PMC 3000058. PMID 20879687. preprint
- ^ Goldberg, Abbie E. (2010). Lesbian and Gay Parents and Their Children. Washington DC: American Psychological Association. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-4338-0536-3.
- ^ Salford University: Alphabetical Staff Listing, accessed June 16, 2011
- ^ a b Hicks, Stephen (2005). "Is Gay Parenting Bad for Kids? Responding to the 'Very Idea of Difference' in Research on Lesbian and Gay Parents". Sexualities 8 (2): 165. doi:10.1177/1363460705050852.
- ^ http://www.courts.ca.gov/Amer_Psychological_Assn_Amicus_Curiae_Brief.pdf Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365, Application for leave to file brief amici curiae in support of the parties challenging the marriage exclusion, and brief amici curiae of the American Psychological Association, California Psychological Association, American Psychiatric Association, National Association of Social Workers, and National Association of Social Workers, California Chapter in support of the parties challenging the marriage exclusion]
- ^ a b Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Ruling in Perry v. Brown, accessed May 31, 2012
- ^ LA Times on Lesbian/Gay Parents: He Said/She Said?
- ^ EMRK is for the LGBT adoption[dead link]
- ^ Euronews: Gleichgeschlechtliche Adoptiveltern – Gerichtshof rügt Frankreich (german)[dead link]
- ^ "Adoption Laws: State by State". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on 2008-11-29. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
- ^ (English) Australian Gay and Lesbian Law Blog Family Court: lesbian co-mother is a parent
- ^ (Dutch)(French) Belgian Official Journal Act of 5 May 2014 establishing the parenthood of the co-mother
- ^ (English) The Canadian Bar Association GLBT Families and Assisted Reproductive Technologies
- ^ (Danish) Retsinformation.dk Children Act
- ^ (Icelandic) Alþingi Children Act
- ^ (Dutch) Dutch Official Journal Act of 25 November 2013 modifying Book 1 of the Civil Code in relation to the legal parenthood of the female partner of the mother otherwise than by adoption
- ^ (Norwegian Nynorsk) Lovdata Children Act
- ^ Wallace, J. "The Manly Art of Pregnancy," in Bornstein, Kate, and Bergman, S. Bear (2010). Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation. Berkeley: Seal Press
- ^ Ball, Carlos A. (2012). The Right to Be Parents: LGBT families and the transformation of parenthood. New York: New York University Press.
- ^ European Court of Human Rights (1997). Case of X, Y and Z v. The United Kingdom, Judgment, retrieved from: http://www.globalhealthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ECtHR-1997-X-Y-and-Z-v-United-Kingdom.pdf
- ^ Owens, Anne Marie. "Father's Sex Change Does Not Alter Custody, Court Says: Girl, 6, Calls Mommy and Daddy; Cautious in Public." The National Post, 2 February 2001. Retrieved March 23rd 2014 from: http://search.proquest.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/docview/329903587
- ^ Karaian, Lara (2013). Pregnant Men: Repronormativity, Critical Tran Theory and the Re(conceive)ing of Sex and Pregnancy Law. Social & Legal Studies, vol. 22 (No. 2), p. 211-230.
- ^ Eckholm, Erik (2014-03-21). "Federal Judge Strikes Down Michigan's Ban on Same-Sex Marriage". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2014-08-03. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to LGBT parenting. |
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Parented Families – A Literature Review prepared for The Australian Psychological Society (2007)
- Too High a Price – The Case Against Restricting Gay Parenting (updated second edition) (2006), a publication by the ACLU, includes a detailed review of studies and research.
- American Psychological Association (APA) Public Interest Directorate: Research Summary on Lesbian and Gay Parenting (2005)
- Brief presented to the Legislative House of Commons Committee on Bill C38 By the Canadian Psychological Association (2005)
- Lesbian and Gay Parents and Their Children: Research on the Family Life Cycle


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