text:
Here's my take on it.
Agnosticism is illogical and refutes itself. Agnosticism and agnostics characterize God as unknowable, ineffable, incomprehensible to all attempts to understand him. This doctrine is self-refuting. The agnostic is making a knowledge claim about what he/she claims is unknowable. How do agnostics know that God is unknowable if he is unknowable ? How do they even know that God's existence cannot be disproved if God is unknowable, or that God even exists if he is unknowable ? To claim any attribute for God is knowledge and claims to know this unknowable God possesses certain attributes. That's a logical contradiction, and any being containing two incompatible attributes cannot possibly exist. So one need not resort to agnosticism. He/she would be justified in not believing in that God if the concept of it contradicts itself in any way. One is justified in accepting and adopting the atheist position.
Tags: Agnosticism, Illogic, Refuting, Self
That may be some people's experience, but it's not mine. I wasn't really raised in a religious household. I decided I was atheist around age ten and openly discussed it with my parents. I later connected to the term Agnostic Atheist because technically I can't be 100% positive that there isn't a god or some sort of creator energy. I just don't believe that there is one based on the evidence out there so far.
If you are an agnostic, you have not made the final step to atheism yet. Some may never make that step. Others do. To the christian an agnostic can still "be saved" because he has not become "totally stupid like the atheists." I suppose Genesis told us all how wanting knowledge was a bad thing.
There's a series on You Tube called "how to make an atheists head explode." The dumb christians really believe this, and I'm LMAO about it!
That is assuming that the final step is atheism. I consider myself an Agnostic Atheist. Being an agnostic and being an atheist are not mutually exclusive. There are also many different kinds of Agnostics out there. I actually relate more to atheists than to agnostic theists.
Christians would have absolutely no luck with me. I imagine that if there is some sort of creator force out there, it would be absolutely nothing like what is described in the Bible. It certainly wouldn't have something so human as a gender or jealousy. The bible is too human and flawed, it was pretty obviously created by people.
What seems to make more sense is Neil deGrass Tyson's position which he has referred to as "weak agnosticism" or "empirical agnosticism" which does not say that it is impossible to know whether a God or Gods exist, but perhaps one day, it may be possible to know, it's just simply we do not know currently.
So, the empirical agnostic says that currently we do not know, but perhaps one day we can know. That, to me, seems more intellectually honest a position than any other stance.
That's about where I'm at Matt.
It makes no sense to me when somebody says 'There is probably no god' because this can also mean that there is probably a god. This does not convey any solid message. It is better not to say anything if you have nothing really to say. If you are unable to resolve your doubt then you better remain a believer and refrain from unnecessarily causing a confusion in others mind. A prayer like 'Oh god, if there is a god, save me if I can be saved' is unlikely to be answered by the god himself! If you know that your prayer is not likely to be answered, be an atheist. You have nothing to loose.
© 2015 Atheist Nexus. All rights reserved. Admin: Richard Haynes.


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Most Popular in:
Customer Service
Looking for a Few Good Men
By: Troy Fairchild
Posted: October 17, 2008, from the November 2008 issue of Skin Inc. magazine.
page 5 of 6
Finally, men may be worried they'll end up smelling like a girl once their treatment is concluded. As with floral wallpaper and furnishings, keep sweet, flowery scents off the male treatment trolley. Clean, sharp essences of botanical essential oils such as citrus, lemongrass, clove, camphor and menthol will much better suit him.
The right path
Men find their way into the spa via numerous routes. Many are sent, like schoolboys to the principal's office, by the women in their lives, and this often is the gateway—they have now been given permission to explore skin care by powerful influencers in their lives.
Next comes a tentative phase similar to wading in the kiddie pool. The man will casually stop by the skin care center "to pick up something for a buddy of mine." Yeah, sure. Your buddy who's really concerned about the milia he's developed around his hairline from not correctly removing his hair product. Or maybe he simply wants to brighten and refresh his eye orbit area, perhaps something with light-diffusing particles and a bit of tint?
Both of these introductory phases—the first visit and the subsequent testing phase—are critical to cementing the new relationship. At these key points, sampling is effective, but spare his more delicate feelings. Please don't give him a bunch of trial sizes in a ditzy little shopping bag with a big purple butterfly on it. Remember, his self-image is fragile.
One way to reach him would be to use a contemporary, high-end grooming environment that draws in male clients with the pleasure and comfort of an old-school barbershop shave, often complete with a shoe shine, Rat Pack music on the sound system, and a boy's club highball as part of the service. This all makes sense, as shaving with conventional drugstore products can cause men a lot of grief, including the ubiquitous ingrown hairs and bits of toilet paper stuck to the morning's bleeding nicks.

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Brian Phillips has written a thoughtful (surprise!) post over at Grantland on the curious outer panels of Maradona's career triptych. What if we only knew the start and ends of his career?
All you have is panels one and three. You have to imagine the center. What could you make of a mechanism that took the young Maradona in at one end and rolled the old Maradona out at the other? What would its characteristics be? And does that tell you anything about the nature of global soccer?
I genuinely don't know, but the question tugs a little at the back of my mind every time he's in the news for doing something insane. He was that kid 36 years ago. Now he's an aging global icon who is unable to do either of the two things aging global icons want to do — relive or escape his own past. He seems bewildered these days, more than anything; for all his venality and bogus machismo, he seems hurt. As if he headed up the ball one day and still can't understand why it doesn't come back down.
As for the question about the nature of global soccer, it's hard not to think of Maradona's spiritual successor in Lionel Messi. Lionel's Messiah to Diego's Madonna, if you will.
Messi, at least in his career, is currently in the middle panel. And at the similar stage in their careers he is everything Maradona is not. Messi flourished at Barcelona, for one. He also pulled off the unlikely trick of managing to be literally the Best Player Who Ever Lived and yet still only one component of a team with Xavi and Iniesta.
Compare this to Maradona, who left Barca in part over a fallout with club president Josep Núñez only to go to Napoli to perform as a one-man wrecking ball, winning the club their only two Scudettos to date in 1987 and 1990. When we think of the possible impact of a single player on the fortunes of a team, we think of Maradona. He singlehandedly won Argentina a World Cup, and Messi has received inane criticism for not managing to do the same under a team managed by Diego Maradona.
Moreover, whereas Maradona courted controversy at every turn in his career, Messi's post-match quotes disappear like ether into the air at Nou Camp. While Xavi speaks like a poet—like Brian Eno he's in perpetual search for space—Messi has a hint of an NHLer in him standing in front of a microphone ("What's truly important is that we stay on this course. We have to keep on winning", wrote no-one on an inspirational coffee mug).
Maradona was also tabloid darling, forever dodging accusations of drug abuse. Meanwhile Messi's off the field appearances seem limited to X-Boxes and Playstations around the world, at least until he pops up in a Japanese face wash commercial and still manages to charm.
So to play Phillips' trick, what will the third panel of Messi's triptych look like? The Anodyne Footballing Genius Club currently has one member—Pele—and his post-playing career is a running joke even in American circles: leave no self-aggrandizing commercial opportunity un-exploited.
And while Messi is poised to join Pele's team, he's still different. Pele may have had a relatively quiet personal life, but he was nowhere near as self-effacing as Messi. "I have changed nothing," Messi once said in reference to himself. "If I wasn't paid to be a professional footballer I would willingly play for nothing," he also said, and what's incredible is that he probably meant it. While his personal worth is still an affront to all things good and holy, he's also a UNICEF ambassador. I see the good in him.
Which means he could go the Pele route, but maybe not look as ridiculous endorsing Saudi Arabia to win the 2030 World Cup. Or Messi could simply spend the rest of his life as a kind of footballing Bill Gates without the corporate baggage.
But as silly as it might seem his post-football life matters, at least in changing the way we think about the mechanics of footballing genius. Because, in the end, how sad would it be for Messi to not only eclipse Maradona's genius as a player, but also to negate Maradona's post-football pain—pain we kept telling ourselves was largely the result of the burden of that genius—by living an honourable, sober life?


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Crocs co-founder George Boedecker regrets "batsh*t crazy" Taylor Swift-blaming DUI bust
Update: Yesterday, we told you about the DUI arrest of Crocs co-founder George Boedecker Jr., who allegedly claimed that a "batshit crazy" Taylor Swift had actually been behind the wheel of his car; look below to read the extraordinary tale and the police report from which it springs. After the report appeared, a statement of regret was released on Boedecker's behalf. Here it is:Big photo below.
On behalf of the Boedecker Foundation and Mr. George Boedecker Jr., we acknowledge and regret the incident of Aug. 12 in Boulder, Colorado, between our founder, George Boedecker Jr. and the Boulder Police Department. We would appreciate respecting both privacy and the ongoing investigation at this time. We will have another statement issued as the process unfolds.Note that this statement was shared by dovetail solutions, a Denver marketing and public relations firm whose approach is said to enable "companies to make a lasting impact in their own communities while substantiating their brand's presence in the marketplace."
The Boedecker case certainly presents a PR and marketing challenge for dovetail, and for Crocs. After all, the last things the company wants crossing the mind of parents when they're considering shoes for their tots, or for themselves, are Boedecker quotes from the police report such as "I have seventeen fucking homes" and "Go fuck yourselves in the ass."
Here's our previous coverage.
Original post, 12:03 p.m. August 14: Plenty of people across the globe love Crocs, the rubbery clogs manufactured in Niwot, despite nasty reviews and stories of kids getting their toes mangled in escalators. But they may look at them differently after the DUI arrest of Crocs co-founder George Boedecker Jr., outlined in a wacky police report on view below that claims he pointed the finger of blame at none other than America's sweetheart, Taylor Swift.
At 5:17 p.m. on August 12, the report maintains, a Boulder Police officer was dispatched to the 3400 block of 22nd Street on a report of a male passed out in the driver's seat of a still-running Porsche.
Before the officer arrived, the man, later identified as Boedecker, 51, managed to rouse himself and walk away from the car. But he didn't get far, since Boulder emergency personnel were also called to the scene. By the time the officer arrived, one EMT had already settled on a diagnosis. "He's drunk as crap," she said.
Later, the EMT described her first encounter with Boedecker while in the company of a paramedic. Initially, she said, Boedecker insisted that he'd merely pulled over his car in order to take a nap. But then he announced that his girlfriend had been driving and she was "batshit crazy."
The officer subsequently chatted with a witness -- but as he was doing so, he spotted Boedecker moving away from the ambulance and trying to get into the Porsche, a key in his hand. Given that Boedecker reportedly reeked of alcohol, the cop quickly put a stop to any potential escape plan and asked for his driver's license. He then inquired as to whether the address on the license was current, to which Boedecker is said to have replied, "I have seventeen fucking homes."The footwear that made Boedecker's fortune.
That spurred a followup question about whether the address on the license was his primary residence. "That's the only one you fucking need," Boedecker allegedly answered.
Next came Boedecker's tale about what had led him to his current location. The narrative quotes him as saying his girlfriend had driven them there from a benefit at 11:30 p.m. the night before. He added that they'd gotten to an argument, prompting her to exit the Porsche and run off.
The story shifted after that, with Boedecker saying they'd actually driven to the area at 11:30 a.m. But he adamantly denied he'd been driving, even though the aforementioned witness had seen him behind the wheel.
Finally, the main event: The document reports that after being quizzed about his girlfriend and her whereabouts, Boedecker said she was a singer and "really fucking famous" -- and then wanted to know if the officer was familiar with Taylor Swift.
Page down to continue reading about the bizarre arrest of Crocs co-founder George Boedecker, Jr.
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A Girl in the World of Computer Science
Tuesday, August 5, 2014
Lecture on Recommender Systems
Great lecture on Recommender Systems by Xavier Amatriain, Researcher on Netflix.
Data Mining,
Recommender Systems
Wednesday, July 16, 2014
Genetic Algorithm for Knapsack using Hadoop
of Genetic Algorithm using Apache Hadoop framework to solve
optimization problems
This project I developed during a course on my Master intends to construct a Genetic algorithm to solve optimization
problems, focusing on the Knapsack Problem. It uses as base the
distributed framework Apache Hadoop.
The idea is to show
that the MapReduce paradigm implemented by Hadoop is a good fit for
several NP-Complete optimization problems. As knapsack, many problems
present a simple structure and converge to optimal solutions given a
proper amount of computation.
The algorithm was
developed based on a Genetic paradigm. It starts with a initial
random population (random instances to the problem). Then, the best
individuals are selected among the population (instances that
generate the best profits for the knapsack). A phase of crossover was
then implemented to generate new instances as combination of the
selected individuals. In this phase, parts of each selected
individual are randomly selected to form a new instance.
The next step of
the process is the mutation phase. In this phase, "genes" are
selected also randomly, and changed. In the knapsack context this
means that random items are substituted from the solutions found.
This cycle can be
repeated several times, until good individuals are generated.
The steps are
reproduced below:
Population → Selection → Crossover → Mutation
The Knapsack Problem
The goal is to maximize the objective function, where vi represents the value of each element i, and variable xi represents whether element i is going to be taken or not. The maximization has to take into account the weight of each element represented by the first constraint.
This problem was
chosen because its solution only require enough amount of processing,
and this processing can be done in parallel. The space of possible
solutions can be seen as a set of local maximums that are going to be
tested by the genetic algorithm. Hopefully, with enough computation, the global
maximum can be achieved.
To demonstrate that
the algorithm find a correct result with high probability, it was
tested against two validation datasets. One was composed of a set of
10 items and another with 15 items.
With the validation
input P01, we have:
P01 is a set of 10
weights and profits for a knapsack of capacity 165.
The optimal result value is 309, by selecting items 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 .
The algorithm finds
the correct answer:
Best 5 answers:
Value Items
270 0 1 2 9
276 0 2 3 6
277 0 1 3 4
284 0 1 3 6
309 0 1 2 3 5
The input P02 has
optimal profit value 1458, and the algorithm also finds the correct
These dataset were found on:
up the Hadoop Cluster on a Single Machine
For testing purposes, here follows how to start on Hadoop, and set it up on a single machine.
Download hadoop 1.21
Install a Java 6:
$ sudo apt-get
install oracle-java6-installer
Inside the hadoop
home directory, update a configuration file in conf/ :
$ vim
Create an input
directory, to place your input file:
$ mkdir input
Put some content in:
$ cp conf/*.xml
To test if your
hadoop is working properly:
$ bin/hadoop jar
hadoop-examples*.jar grep input output 'dfs[a-z.]+'
Don't forget to
remove the output file after running a Job. Hadoop doesn't do this
for you.
$ rm -rf output
Now, to test the
Genetic jar file:
$ export
$ export
To compile the code
run :
$ javac -classpath
${HADOOP_HOME}/hadoop-core*.jar -d genetic_classes Genetic.java
And create the jar:
$ jar -cvf
genetic.jar -C genetic_classes/ .
Now, to run the code once you put the input data on "input" directory:
$ bin/hadoop jar genetic.jar org.myorg.Genetic input output
Now, to run the code once you put the input data on "input" directory:
$ bin/hadoop jar genetic.jar org.myorg.Genetic input output
PS: A large large dataset consisting of
10.000 items, with optimal profit value of 7145 and a weight capacity
of 431 can be found on:
Apache Hadoop,
Data Mining,
Map Reduce
Friday, January 31, 2014
Dealing with NP-Hard Problems: An Introduction to Approximation Algorithms
This is just a quick overview on approximation algorithms. It is a broad topic to discuss. For more information go to References.
The famous NP-Complete class is known for its possible intractability. NP means non deterministic polynomial and for a problem to be NP-Complete it has to be
- NP (verified in polynomial time) and
- NP-Hard (as hard as any other problem in the NP class).
Among the several important problems that are NP-Complete or NP-Hard (on its optimization form) we can name the Knapsack, the Travel Salesmen, and the Set Cover problem.
Even though no efficient optimal solution might exist for NP-Complete problems we still need to address this issue due to the amount of practical problems existent in the NP-Complete class.
Considering that even for medium volumes of data exponential brute-force is impractical, the option is abdicating the optimum solution as minimum as possible and pursuing an efficient algorithm.
Approximation algorithms are a way to deal with NP-Hard problems. They are polynomial-time algorithms, that return guaranteed near optimal solutions for any instance of the problem. The objective is to make the output as close to the optimal value as possible. We say that an α-approximation, is an algorithm that is within a α distance from the optimal value.
Measures of Approximation
Among the measures of approximation it is possible to highlight:
- Absolute approximation
- Approximation factor
|A(I) − OPT(I)| ≤ k ∀ instance I.
An algorithm has an approximation factor of α if:
A(I) ≤ α · OPT(I) ∀I, for minimization
A(I) ≥ α · OPT(I) ∀I, for maximization
being that α>1 for minimization and α<1 for maximization problems.
Approximation Techniques
Greedy approaches are a highly intuitive and usually easy to implement approximation algorithm. It basically consists of making the "best" local choice at each step. For example, for the Set Cover problem, a greedy algorithm would be:
"At each round choose the set that minimizes the ratio weight of its weight to the number of currently uncovered elements it contains."
You can check a proof of approximation here [1].
Another way to create an approximation is by making a linear relaxation of a integral program. Remembering that many problems can be written in a more mathematical form, were we have a objective function to maximize (or minimize), constraints and variables.
The Knapsack is a good example:
The goal here is to maximize the objective function, where vi represents the value of each element i, and variable xi represents whether element i is going to be taken or not. The maximization has to take into account the weight of each element represented by the first constraint.
Approximation through linear relaxation can be done in a very simple way. While Integral programming is NP-Hard, linear programming is not. If we relax (substitute) the constraint
Here is what is would look like:
The linear relaxation serves as a lowerbound of the optimal solution in minimization problems and upperbound in maximization problems.
There is also a very powerful method called Primal-dual schema.
It is well known that, in some cases, optimal solutions satisfy the complementary slackness conditions.
The Primal-Dual schema works with a relaxed version of the complementary slackness conditions. It starts with a integral feasible solution for the primal and a feasible solution for the dual, for example. Iteratively, it satisfies the slackness conditions so that no constraint problem is broken in the process. When all conditions are satisfied the program ends.
It can be a little complex, so I am going to do a post about it on the future. For now, to understand it in details please read [2].
Classes of Approximation
Algorithms as the mentioned above can be classified by their approximation "degree", or how much it is possible to approximate them of the optimal solution.
Following there are listed the classifications:
- PO - problems for which there are exact polynomial algorithms. This an extension of the P class to optimization problems.
- PTAS (Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme) - It presents an approximation scheme which is a (1 + e)OPT approximation for minimization, and, (1 - e)OPT for maximization, where e is a relative error (rational number).
- FPTAS (Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme) - as PTAS, FPTAS is also a polynomial scheme, but FPTAS running time is polynomial in the inverse of the error (1/e).
- APX - there is at least one polynomial α-approximation (for some constant α).
- NPO - is an extension of the NP class to optimization problems. This means that an algorithm A is in the NP Optimization class if its instances are polynomial in size, and solution for the problem can be verified in polynomial time and the size of the objective function (solution) can be calculated in polynomial time.
If an algorithm is in the FTPAS class, this usually means that it can have better approximations than one in the APX class.
The knapsack problem, for example, has been proved to be in FPTAS [3]. If by any chance someone proved it to be also in any other class of the above, than P=NP.
[1] D. P. Williamson and D. B. Shmoys. The Design of Approximation Algorithms. 2010. Cambridge University Press
[2] V. Vazirani. Approximation Algorithms. 2001. Springer-Verlag.
[3] (PORTUGUESE) M.H. Carvalho, M.R. Cerioli, R. Dahab, P. Feofiloff, C.G. Fernandes, C.E. Ferreira, K.S. Guimarães, F.K. Miyazawa, J.C. Pina Jr., J. Soares, Y. Wakabayashi. Uma introdução sucinta a algoritmos de aproximação. 23o Colóquio Brasileiro de Matemática, IMPA, Rio de Janeiro.
[4] Giorgio Ausiello, Pierluigi Crescenzi, and Marco Protasi. Approximate Solution of NP Optimization Problems. Theor. Comput. Sci. 150(1):1-55 (1995)
Friday, December 20, 2013
Overview of Digital Cloning
The growth of the image processing and editing software availability has made it easy to manipulate digital images.
With the amount of digital content being generated nowadays, developing techniques to verify the authenticity and integrity of digital content might be essential to provide truthful evidences in a forensics case.
In this context, copy-move is a type of forgery in which a part of an image is copied and pasted somewhere else in the same image. This forgery might be particularly challenging to discover due to properties like illumination and noise matching on the source and the tampered regions. An example of copy-move forgery can be seen in picture 1. First we can see the original image, followed by the tampered one, and then a picture with the indication of the cloned areas.
Several techniques have been proposed to solve this problem. The Block-based methods [1] divide an image in blocks of pixels and compare them to find a forgery.
Keypoint-based methods [2] on the other hand extract keypoints of an image and use these to find tampered regions.
While keypoints might generate better and computationally efficient detectors [3] they also present difficulty in finding tampering in homogeneous regions.
Many block-based algorithms have been proposed over the years. Involving mainly dividing the image in a fixed size b of pixels, they differ on how they compare the blocks.
Once blocks are extracted from a NxM image, they are usually inserted lexicographically in a M - b + 1 x N - b + 1 matrix. This matrix is latter on analysed to see if any two lines match as a cloned region. Authors have proposed ways to improve this method such as using PCA to reduce the blocks dimensions.
Among several approaches in the literature, the cloning detection via multiscale analysis and voting method can be highlighted, proposed by Ewerton Silva et al. The first step on the process here is to extract keypoints of interest in an image using SURF, robust to scaling and rotating, and then match such points between themselves. These points are then grouped based on their physic distance, to limit the search space. The image is then redimensioned,
creating a type of pyramid of images, representing the several scales of the image. In each level of the pyramid, a search is made for possible duplicated regions. This search only occurs in the point groups discovered. The final decision is made based on a voting process, if a certain region is considered cloned in more than a threshold of levels of the pyramid.
Another work worth mentioning is an evaluation made on copy-move forgery approaches, by Christlein et al. 15 different copy-move detection approaches were compared in their work such as SIFT, SURF, PCA, KPCA, Zerkine,
DCT and DWT. They aimed to answer which algorithm performed best against realistic scenarios like different compressions and noise. Results showed that keypoints methods (SIFT and SURF) had clear computational complexity advantage, but other block based methods like Zernike achieved quite precise results.
[1] Connelly Barnes, Eli Shechtman, Adam Finkelstein, andDan B. Goldman. The generalized patchmatch correspon-
dence algorithm. 2010.
[2] Ewerton Silva and Anderson Rocha. Cloning detection. In
Elsevier JVCI 2013 (Submited).
[3] Christian Riess Johannes Jordan Corinna Riess Elli An-
gelopoulou Vincent Christlein. Evaluation of popular copy-
move forgery detection approaches. In IEEE Transactions on
Information Forensics and Security (TIFS) 2012, pages 015–
021, Graz, Austria, 2010.
[4] Andrea Vedaldi. An implementation of multi-dimensional
maximally stable extremal regions. 2007.
This topic was inspired from a class I took with Anderson Rocha. See his publications on digital forensics here: http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~rocha/pub/index.html.
Tuesday, August 20, 2013
Understanding Apache Hive
BigData and Hive
Apache Hive is a software application created to facilitate data
analyses on Apache Hadoop. It is a Java framework that helps
extracting knowledge from data placed on a HDFS cluster by providing
a SQL-like interface to it.
The Apache Hadoop platform is a major project on distributed
computing and it is commonly assumed to be the best approach when
dealing with BigData challenges.
It is now very well established that great volume of data is produced
everyday. Whether it is by system logs or by users purchases, the
amount of information generated is such that previous existing
Databases and Datawarehouses solutions don't seem to scale well
The MapReduce programming paradigm was uncovered in 2004 as a new
approach on processing large datasets. In 2005 its OpenSource
version, Hadoop, was created by Doug Cutting. Although Hadoop is not
set for substituting relational databases, it is a good solution for
big data analyses.
Hadoop facilitates large data processing, but it still requires
skillful programmers to create the Map and Reduce functions to
analyze the data. All analyzes made through Hadoop had to be
condensed on these two functions. Creating this type of applications
might be challenging and difficult to maintain. Previous data
developers had difficulty on extracting intelligence from their data.
Hive was created to overcome this issues.
Apache Hive
First introduced by Facebook and latter
donated to the Apache Software Foundation, it is a data warehouse
interface for Hadoop. With Hive, users can create SQL statements that
will be automatically converted to MapReduce jobs and run on a HDFS
Data can be inserted or dealt with on the Hadoop cluster through
command line interface using statements from the Hive Quey Language,
or HiveQL, such as SELECT, INSERT or CREATE TABLE. Users can also
create their own User Defined Functions, by extending the UDF class
already provided. Within these statements tables can be defined
using primitive types as integers, floating points, strings, dates
and booleans. Furthermore, new types can be created by grouping these
primitives types into maps and arrays. Please check
for more information on HiveQL.
Although Hive presents a data warehouse interface for Hadoop, it is
still a batch processing framework. As Hive's data is located on
Hadoop, it is limited to Hadoop's constraints.
Hadoop does not index data it is not made for editing Data. There is
no UPDATE on Hive, because this functionality could not be executed
on data over HDFS. Hive does not support transactions. If you want
these kind of database on top of Hadoop you should look for options
such as HBase. Check http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/HadoopIsNot
to read more about this Hadoop limitations.
Even so, Apache Hive made it possible for developers with basic SQL
knowledge to create complicated meaningful queries and quickly
extract value from big data.
Users can start interacting with Hive though a Command Line Interface
(CLI), Hive Web Interface (HWI), JDBC or ODBC.
The CLI interface is
a command line tool accessed through a terminal. It can be initiated
by calling the HIVE_HOME/bin/hive script, inside Hive
downloaded source code. Hive also provides a Hive server, so that
users can use JDBC or ODBC to communicate with it.
When you type a query through the CLI interface, this HiveQL
statement will be handled by the Driver component. The Driver
connects a bunch of modules that transform the statement into
MapReduce jobs to be run in Hadoop. It is importante to note that the
query is not transformed in Java code in this process. Its goes
direclty to MapReduce jobs. The modules involved in this process are:
Parser, Semantic Analyzes, Logical Plan generator, Optimizer,
Physical Plan Generator and Executor.
First, the Driver creates a session to remember details about the
process, to maintain dates and statistics.
Some metadata (information about tables and columns) is then
collected and stored on Metastore as soon as the input data
(tables) are created. This metadata is actually stored in a
relational database and it is latter on used on the Semantic
ANTLR software is used to create a parser on the Parser module
and parse the query. As in a compiler, the statement in broken down
into token values and a Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) is created.
The following HiveQL statement
FROM src src1 JOIN src src2 ON (src1.key = src2.key) JOIN src src3 ON
(src1.key + src2.key = src3.key)
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE dest1 SELECT src1.key, src3.value
would became this AST
src) src1) (TOK_TABREF (TOK_TABNAME src) src2) (= (.
(TOK_TABLE_OR_COL src1) key) (. (TOK_TABLE_OR_COL src2) key)))
(TOK_TABREF (TOK_TABNAME src) src3) (= (+ (. (TOK_TABLE_OR_COL src1)
key) (. (TOK_TABLE_OR_COL src2) key)) (. (TOK_TABLE_OR_COL src3)
key)))) (TOK_INSERT (TOK_DESTINATION (TOK_TAB (TOK_TABNAME dest1)))
(TOK_SELECT (TOK_SELEXPR (. (TOK_TABLE_OR_COL src1) key))
(TOK_SELEXPR (. (TOK_TABLE_OR_COL src3) value))))) null
The process follows on with a Semantic Analyses on the
generated AST. The information provided on the query is verified to
be valid by confronting the schema information from the input tables,
stored on the Metastore component.
Type checking is a example of operations performed by the Semantic
After this analyses, a operator tree is created by the Logical
Plan Generator, based on the parsed information and on the AST
created. This operator tree is then, passed to the Optimizer
procedure, which will perform a set of transformations to, not
surprisingly, optimize the operations. The improvements accomplished
by the Optimizer include column pruning (only column really needed
will be fetched) and join reordering (to make sure only small tables
are kept in memory).
The Physical Plan Generator gets the optimized operator tree
and creates a Directed Acyclic Graph of MapReduce jobs of it. This
physical plan is displayed in a XML file, and it is delivered to the
Executor to be executed into the Hadoop cluster finally.
Hive and the different Hadoop versions
Hive can be built with Hadoop 1.x or with Hadoop 2.x. It presents
interfaces for this purpose, and these interfaces are defined in the
Shims interface.
There are three interfaces for Hadoop: 0.20, 0.20S, 0.23. 0.20 is
supposed to work with Hadoop 1.x, 0.20s is for a secure version of
Hadoop 1.x and 0.23 is for building Hive against Hadoop 2.x.
You can prevent a interface to be built by editing the property
shims.include on HIVE_HOME/shims/build.xml:
<property name="shims.include"
Hive uses a Factory Method to decide which Hadoop interface to use,
based on the version of Hadoop on the classpath. This is situated on
encapsulates the
hadoop.version is defined on HIVE_HOME/build.properties but
you can overwrite it by using the flag -Dhadoop.version.
To build Hive with Hadoop 1.1.2, use
$ ant clean package -Dhadoop.version=1.1.2
To build Hive with Hadoop 2.0.4-alpha, use
$ ant clean package -Dhadoop.version=2.0.4-alpha
-Dhadoop-0.23.version=2.0.4-alpha -Dhadoop.mr.rev=2
To use some of Hive features such as UDF, or even to adapt Hive's
code to your own needs, you might have to build the source code from
Before start, make sure you have a Java JDK, Ant and Subversion
installed on your computer.
Then, start by downloading the last stable release version from Hive
$ svn checkout
Enter on your Hive home directory (which from now on, we will call
$ cd hive-0.11.0
And finally build the code with:
$ ant package
This will automatically download and install all dependencies
required for Hive's use.
Hive depends on (or uses) other Hadoop-related components. As from
Hive 0.11 version, these are:
Apache Hadoop
Apache HBase
Apache Avro
Apache Zookeper
This components will be automatically downloaded by Ant and Ivy, when
you run the ant package command. You can check which version
of each component will be downloaded in
and, as explained on last session, Hadoop version can be chekced
To check all ant command possibilities with Hive, type:
$ ant -p
This should show how to built it, test it and even how to create a
tar file from the source. The testing will be explained a little bit
further next.
Unit Tests
Hive provides several buitltin Unit Tests to verify its own modules
and features functionalities. They are constructed using JUnit 4 and
run queries (.q files) already provided by the framework.
To create the JUnit classes execute:
$ ant package
To run the unit tests type:
$ ant test
To run a specific test run:
$ ant test -Dtestcase=TestCliDriver
To run a specific query inside one Unit Test run:
$ ant test -Dtestcase=TestCliDriver -Dqfile=alter5.q
The command described above will produce a output that will be
compared with Hive's expected output. It will also generate a .xml
log file, very helpuf for debbugging purposes:
If you are having troubles with a certain testcase, and trying to
debug it, pay attention: some java test files (all files under ql
module) for Hive are created on build time from Velocity Templates
(.vm). If you want to modify this tests you have to change the .vm
file, not the .java one.
Book: Programming Hive:Data Warehouse and Query Language for Hadoop.
Article: Hive A Warehousing Solution Over a MapReduce
Framework. Ashish Thusoo, Joydeep Sen Sarma, Namit Jain, Zheng
Prasad Chakka, Suresh Anthony, Hao Liu, Pete Wyckoff and Raghotham
Facebook Data Infrastructure Team
Saturday, July 27, 2013
Is there such a thing as "best" Recommender System algorithm?
I received emails from users asking which recommender system algorithm they should use. Usually people start looking for articles on which approach has a better performance, and once they find something convincing they start to implement it.
I believe that the best recommender system depends on the data and the problem you have to deal with.
With that in mind, I decided to publish here some pros and cons for each recommender type (collaborative, content and hybrid), so people can decide for their own what algoritms better suit their needs.
I've already presented these approaches here, so if you know nothing about recommender systems, you can read it there first.
Collaborative Filtering
Content Based Filtering
Hybrid Systems
I believe that the best recommender system depends on the data and the problem you have to deal with.
With that in mind, I decided to publish here some pros and cons for each recommender type (collaborative, content and hybrid), so people can decide for their own what algoritms better suit their needs.
I've already presented these approaches here, so if you know nothing about recommender systems, you can read it there first.
Collaborative Filtering
- Recommends diverse items to users, being innovative;
- Good practical results (read Amazon's article);
- It is widely used, and you can find several OpenSource implementations of it (Apache Mahout);
- It can be used on ratings from users on items;
- It can deal with video and audio data;
- It suffers with scarcity of data, if you don't have many ratings for example you might end up with bad results;
- When the number of ratings grow, scalability becomes an issue, it might be hard to calculate similarity for all users;
Content Based Filtering
- It works better with smaller amount of information than Collaborative Filtering;
- It uses description of items, so it works well with tagged items, and it usually matches well users preferences profile;
- It doesn't work so well for video or audio data with no text tags;
- Frequently recommends repetitive items, staying only on similar things that the user has already seen;
Hybrid Systems
- Usually the most effective approach (more accuracy on results);
- It overcomes the single approaches;
- Hard to find a balance when combining the two approaches;
- Challenging to implement;
Data Mining,
Recommender Systems
Friday, July 26, 2013
Recommender Systems Online Free Course on Coursera
I already talked about Coursera's great courses here.
There is a new course on Recommender Systems starting in September:
I don't know how it is going to be, but based on the courses I've done so far, it looks good.
There is a new course on Recommender Systems starting in September:
I don't know how it is going to be, but based on the courses I've done so far, it looks good.
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text:
The Advocates Annual Gala, Black and White Soiree
Friday, July 6
5:30pm – 11pm
Trail Creek Lawn
The festive and elegant Gala, where guests don creative black and white attire, is the flagship fundraising event for The Advocates for Survivors of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault. Proceeds fund free, life-changing services for more than 500 local women and children in need, and free community-wide prevention education for more than 3,000 students and adults, annually.
For more information contact Meg Hoyt at The Advocates, firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
The peace process in southern Casamance made no progress and civilians were sporadically attacked. Police cracked down on people demonstrating against high prices. Independent media and journalists were harassed and some journalists were detained. The long-awaited investigation in the case of former Chadian President Hissène Habré did not begin.
Four years after the 2004 general peace accord, no progress was made in the peace process in southern Casamance where civilians continued to be victims of landmines and sporadic attacks by separatist fighters. In April, several leaders of the Democratic Forces of Casamance Movement (Mouvement des forces démocratiques de Casamance, MFDC) met in an attempt to reunify the separatist movement. By the end of the year divisions between the armed and civilian wings had not been overcome.
"...police raided a private television station after it transmitted images of police beating demonstrators..."
Excessive use of force
In December, security forces clamped down on demonstrators after protests over poor living conditions in the mining region of Kedougou (700km south east of Dakar) turned violent with government property and buildings being damaged and burned. Security forces used live bullets killing at least one person, Sinad Sidibé, and wounding several others. In the days following this protest, security forces arrested and tortured dozens of people who were still held without trial at the end of the year. Many others went into hiding to escape the wave of arrests launched by the security forces.
Freedom of assembly
In March, police officers broke up a banned demonstration against rising prices for basic commodities such as rice, oil, milk and soap. Police used batons and tear gas to crack down on the demonstrators and they also assaulted journalists covering the demonstration. At least 24 people including two consumer group officials, Muammar Ndao and Jean-Pierre Dieng, as well as an opposition leader, Talla Sylla, were briefly arrested.
Freedom of expression
Independent media and individual journalists were targeted in an attempt to stifle freedom of expression and criticism of President Abdoulaye Wade.
- In March, police raided a private television station after it transmitted images of police beating demonstrators during the protest against high prices.
- In September, El Malick Seck, publisher of the daily newspaper 24 Heures Chrono, was sentenced to three years' imprisonment after publishing an article implicating the Head of State in money-laundering. The newspaper was suspended for three months.
Abuses by armed group
Self-proclaimed members of the MFDC attacked and abducted civilians in Casamance, apparently to punish them for entering land they considered as their territory. The MFDC denied any involvement in these attacks.
- In May, 16 villagers harvesting cashew nuts in Tampe, 15km east of Ziguinchor, Casamance's main city, were attacked by self-proclaimed MFDC members who tied their hands and sliced off their left ears.
Discrimination – lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people
Individuals faced arbitrary arrest, harassment and discrimination because of their suspected engagement in consensual same-sex sexual conduct.
- In February, nine men and one woman were arrested following media condemnation of a party at which some of them were photographed. Commentaries subsequently posted online called for the men to be killed. As a consequence, several individuals had to flee the country.
- In August, a Belgian national and his male Senegalese domestic helper were sentenced to two years' imprisonment for "homosexual marriage and acts against nature". Amnesty International considered them prisoners of conscience.
International justice – Hissène Habré
Despite the elimination of the last legal obstacles to a criminal investigation, the investigation of Hissène Habré's case did not begin during 2008.
In April, the National Assembly adopted a constitutional amendment introducing retrospective legislation for crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide and torture which would permit the trial of the former Chadian head of state who was living in exile in Senegal. In May, a coordinating judge was appointed to organize the trial. On 16 September Chadian victims filed a further complaint. The Senegalese authorities claimed that there were no more obstacles to the trial except lack of funds, but took no further steps despite financial assistance from the European Union.
In August, Hissène Habré was sentenced to death in his absence in Chad. Human rights groups stressed that this conviction in Chad was based on different charges and should have no impact on the prosecution in Senegal.


text:
The list of academic options at Oakland University is constantly growing. OU currently offers more than 120 undergraduate degrees and more than 120 graduate and certificate options. Students have the opportunity to participate in high-level research as early as their freshman year.
Check out Oakland University's admissions sites for application guidelines, academic programs and information on how to pay for your education. Sign up to visit OU for a campus tour or admissions event geared toward you. Apply online today at oakland.edu/apply — it's free!
From important registration reminders to daily events, stay focused on the finish line while getting the most out of your educational experience. More than 200 active student organizations take learning to a new level, while student service offices are here to help you succeed.
Over 100,000 alumni proudly call OU their alma mater. Upon graduation, you will automatically be welcomed as a member of Oakland University's very active Alumni Association. Alumni stay connected through networking, volunteering and mentorship programs.
Nearly half a million people visit campus each year to explore OU's cultural icons, such as the home to OU's founder, our very own National Historic Landmark. Be inspired by guest speakers from around the world, or awed by artwork, student, faculty and guest performances.
Your gift matters! Contributions from alumni and friends create opportunities that prepare Oakland University students to be leaders. Support the OU Fund (the area of greatest need), scholarships, athletics, the library, Meadow Brook Hall, or one of the hundreds of other areas that make Oakland unique.
The Grizzlies' growing Division I athletics program is a member of the Horizon League, one of the NCAA's top performing leagues. Athletes can also be found in dozens of club and intramural sports, or playing recreational games of disc or ball golf on one of OU's courses.
Please upgrade to a modern browser such as the ones listed below:
RATIONALE: The mission of the University Archives (Archives) is to preserve the institutional history of Oakland University (University).
POLICY: The Archives collects, organizes, preserves and makes accessible the significant Records that chronicle the history of the University. The Archives thus becomes the institutional memory of the University, preserving the contributions of many individuals to its growth and development and providing historic information for research and reference. The Archives' holdings are non-circulating and are open by appointment to the public.
SCOPE AND APPLICABILITY: The Archives is the repository for official and quasi-official Records created by the University's administration, academic departments, faculty, students and campus organizations. The Records exist in a variety of diverse Formats and include electronic Records. In order to promote the orderly flow of institutional Records from the source of origin to the Archives, several principles including those of ownership, transference, confidentiality and Formatting must be established:
DEFINITIONS: Records: Items held in the Archives, which include but are not limited to: official reports, minutes and correspondence, budget and audited financial statements, publications, and ephemeral materials. Formats: The permanent form of archived Records, which include but are not limited to: print documents, photographs, negatives, slides, audio and visual materials, maps, prints, microfilm, objects, and electronic files.
PROCEDURES: Instructions for Transferring Permanent Records to OU Archives The Archives works to retain and preserve University Records that have permanent historical value. The Archives does not store Records that are scheduled for destruction. Step 1: Identify Records Step 2: Prepare Boxes or Folders
Use standard sized storage boxes (12"x15"x10") with lids and handles. When possible, remove files from hanging folders before boxing and place in separate folders corresponding to the hanging folders. Keep files in their original order when placing them in boxes. Finding files in original order is very important to researchers. Do not overfill boxes. Overstuffed boxes pose a safety hazard and can damage the Records. When possible, loose pamphlets and other items should be placed in folders before being put in boxes. Package odd-sized items in the manner best suited to protect them during transportation.
Create an inventory list for each box. Indicate the department name, box number, date range of materials, and all folder titles.
Fill out a University Archives Transmittal/Inventory Form (Transmittal Form, Appendix A). Use only one Transmittal Form for each shipment of Records. Send the Transmittal Form AND a copy of the box/folder list to the Archives, Attention: Archives. Keep a copy of the Transmittal Form and box/folder inventory list for your Records. The Archives will confirm the receipt of the transmittal request via e-mail or phone, and will mail a memo that describes the delivery process. Write the box number on each box label as it relates to the box/folder list. Use a thick black marker for visibility.
When boxes are labeled and ready for transfer, contact University Mail Services to arrange for pick-up. Contact the Archives staff with any questions.
RELATED POLICIES AND FORMS: OU AP&P #481 Records Retention and Disposal
APPENDIX: Appendix A: University Archives Transmittal / Inventory Form


text:
Tue, May 27, 08 at 13:56
Does anyone have a link with pictures of a lily infected with a virus? I have a few that have discolored leaves, otherwise they seem healthy (ie nice growth, no twisting or deformed leaves) We had an unusually late frost in April when all my lilies were starting to poke through. I'm hoping thats the problem. |
Follow-Up Postings:
Here's a link to the Oregon State University Extension websites fact sheet on Viral Lily diseases. May get you started on your answer? If you can, post pics then others can help you compare too! |
Here is a link that might be useful: Oregon State University- Lily: Virus Diseases
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text:
Hardware news tagged NFC
Tuesday, November 5, 2013
Asus Launches EB50N NearField Stereo Headset.
[10:05 pm]
Asus Introduces Bluetooth 4.0 + NFC Headset
Tuesday, September 17, 2013
Asus Introduces World's First NFC-Enabled Desktop.
[10:40 pm]
Asus' New Desktop Features NFC Technology
Friday, August 30, 2013
Broadcom Announces Connectivity Platform for Wearable Computing Devices.
[8:15 pm]
Broadcom Introduces WICED Platform for Integrating Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC and Location Technology into Wearable Devices
Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Intel Licenses Near Field Communication Tech from Inside Secure.
[9:08 pm]
Future Intel's Products to Support NFC Tech from Inside Secure


text:
My style has changed. I'm like in different versions of myself. Of course like my life has always been larger than life. I do remember specifically that fake leopard coat in 6th grade. Everybody would you know making jokes about it, but it was very individual style like the young moms that were picking up the kids were going like where did you get that jacket? They're so cool. I was like ha ha. I am ahead of the trend. I was never like a one-type of person. I think that is kind of ensued in my personality. I wanna be most influential.
No thanks, continue without linking accounts.
ContinueYour information has been saved and an account has been created for you giving you full access to everything seventeen.com and Hearst Digital Media Network have to offer. To change your username and/or password or complete your profile, click here.
ContinueYou now have full access to everything Seventeen and Hearst Digital Media Network have to offer. To change your settings or profile, click here.


text:
Wide, long, and flat (hence the name), the flatiron, a muscle from below the shoulder blade, is bisected by a long line of gristle. When the gristle is removed, you get two beautiful 12- to 16-ounce steaks. (If it's cut crosswise, through the gristle, you get top blade steaks.) The flatiron is the second-most tender cut in the animal (after the tenderloin), and it stays juicy and tender even when cooked to medium-well.
Flatiron Steaks with Creamy Juniper Sauce and Hash Browns


text:
Hi, welcome to YuYu Hakusho Wiki! Thanks for your edit to the Shinobu Sensui page.
Please leave a message on my talk page if I can help with anything! -- Kylecharmed (Talk) 04:33, 29 September 2009
Need your helpEdit
There are a few new spam pages that need your assistance in deleting. -Adv193 (talk) 02:08, February 13, 2014 (UTC)
Thanks, Reikson. --Arrimas 18:39, May 17, 2014 (UTC)
it says pu is a demon but he isn't a demon he is a spirt beast to different things so it needs to be chandedWaterhazzerd (talk) 19:27, September 15, 2014 (UTC)


text:
The Hotshot Whiz Kids
The Hotshot Whiz Kids
Buffalo, NY
Description: The Hotshot Whiz Kids Comedy Podcast is a Comedy Podcast broadcast from Buffalo NY. It features Stand Up comedian Mike Cline Jr and his long time friend Mark Davila in a conversation style format. The show premiered in July 2010 and the audience has stead
Now Playing
The Hotshot Whiz Kids Comedy Podcast Minisode 68 |
It's all about cam girls today. Maybe we should become Cam girls to make ends meet. It's Wednesday and the guys are talking about webcams and the business of webcamming. Cline asks mark what he would do if he found out his Mom was a cam girl. |


text:
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Results 1 to 2 of 2
- Join Date
- Nov 2005
- Posts
- 40
- Thanks
- 0
- Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
The Effect I'm Trying to Achieve...
I'm not sure how to describe the effect I'm trying to achieve, so I'll point out a website that has implemented what I'd like to do:
Notice that a 'drop down' menu appears when a title is clicked on.
How is this done? Can PHP accomplish this neat feature?
On my website I have a blog and I want readers to have the option of leaving a comment about a blog entry.
But I don't want all the comments displayed at once. At first, I only want to display the number of comments that exist for a specific blog entry. Then make that number a hyperlink that drops down the comments for that specific blog entry. Make sense?
So basically:
| Blog entry here............|
| blah blah blah blah blah |
| blah blah blah blah blah |
| blah blah blah blah blah |
| blah blah blah blah blah |
| blah blah blah blah blah |
There are 5 comments available. (clicking the #5 would display the comments)
|comment 1: blah blah blah |
|comment 2: blah blah blah |
|comment 3: blah blah blah |
|comment 4: blah blah blah |
|comment 5: blah blah blah |
Close Comments (this feature would make the comments disappear again)
Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thank you for your time,
- Join Date
- Feb 2005
- Location
- Bradford, UK
- Posts
- 3,174
- Thanks
- 19
- Thanked 66 Times in 65 Posts
no. PHP is a server-side language. Once the page has loaded, php is done with it.
What you're looking for is javascript, which is a client side scripting language, client side scripting means its easy to see hows its done by viewing the source code.
In this particular example we look at code for those table rows - we know that the desired effect happens when we click on the item so we look for an onclick event...
ok, but what does servOC do?Code:onclick="servOC(1,'/btDetails.php?ihq=nature&id=10950472','#cad9ea')"
Time to look at the external js files.
so this function gets passed a number, a url and a colour. First it looks to see if it can find an object with the name ihif + the number that was passed in, eg ihif1.Code:function servOC(i, href, nColor) { var trObj = (document.getElementById) ? document.getElementById('ihtr' + i) : eval("document.all['ihtr" + i + "']"); var nameObj = (document.getElementById) ? document.getElementById('name' + i) : eval("document.all['name" + i + "']"); var ifObj = (document.getElementById) ? document.getElementById('ihif' + i) : eval("document.all['ihif" + i + "']"); if (trObj != null) { if (trObj.style.display=="none") { trObj.style.display=""; nameObj.style.background="#ECECD9"; if (!ifObj.src) ifObj.src = href; smoothHeight('ihif' + i, 0, 210, 42, 'o'); } else { nameObj.style.background=nColor; smoothHeight('ihif' + i, 210, 0, 42, 'ihtr' + i); } } }
If you look in the source code you will see that ihif1 is an iframe.
Then the function looks to see if the object ihif1 is being displayed, if it is, it hides it, if it isnt it, sets the src attribute of the iframe to the url passed into the function and the background colour of the table cell name1 to the colour that was passed in.


text:
Login to add this name to your list! |
The meaning of the name Mallow is Flower | |
The origin of the name Mallow is American | |
Notes: German surname for people from Malow, Germany. Also the name of a flower plant. | |
People who like the name Mallow also like: Asher, Leo, Ethan, Thatcher, Kenneth, Collin, Casper Delilah, Madelyn, Alice, Olivia, Ada, Meadow, Corine |


text:
The Social and Behavioral Sciences programs are designed for people with a passion for making a difference in the lives of others.
Whether you are on your way up the corporate ladder or just getting started, our business degree programs and certificates could help you prepare to take your business career to a higher level.
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Our online education degree programs and certificates could help prepare you to teach diverse learners a broad range of academic content and educational foundations.
Our comprehensive fire science programs offer the flexibility of online learning, ideal for individuals in the fire science and emergency management fields who may work inconsistent hours.
You could acquire real-world knowledge and practical skills and prepare for a career in the health care industry by earning a health sciences degree, diploma, or certificate.
Our programs in legal studies, paralegal studies, and environmental policy are designed to fit your educational goals.
Our nursing degree and certificate programs are taught by practicing professionals who are dedicated to helping you prepare for real-world challenges in nursing.
Kaplan University's IT programs are designed to prepare you with the knowledge and skills you need to start or advance your technology career.
Kaplan University offers over 180 degree and certificate programs all available to military, veterans, and spouses of active duty members. In addition, several programs have been developed to complement specific military occupations or programs established by the military.
The Kaplan University School of General Education courses support the academic, social, personal, and professional development of learners throughout their engagement with the University.
Open College at Kaplan University (OC@KU) offers individualized, affordable education that integrates technology and personalized service to help learners meet their career, academic, and personal goals.
Offering the flexibility of online education and support for military students.
Military Home Branch Resources Military Tuition Enroll Now
Every day, talented individuals are proving it's never too late to think about the future.
Adult Learners
Learn more about becoming an international student at US-based and accredited Kaplan University.
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Learn about transferring your previously earned college credits to Kaplan University.
Transfer Students
We have partnered with many employers and educational institutions to provide their employees and students with education opportunities.
Corporate and Academic Partners
Kaplan University is dedicated to the support, engagement, and involvement of our graduates.
Alumni Experience
Resources for current Kaplan University students.
Student Login Student Life Academic Support Career Network
We have 15 ground locations across the country. Explore our locations to see if we're in your neighborhood.
Locations Campus Experience Learning Center Experience
Looking to develop additional competencies in a specific field of education? Kaplan University's master's-level certificate programs in the School of Graduate Education are designed for motivated educational professionals like you. Earning a certificate could help you meet the qualifications to advance within your field, or to pursue a career in a new field of education.*The Graduate Certificate in Literacy and Language Teaching is designed for practicing primary school teachers and reading and writing specialists in elementary and secondary schools.Focus on developing curricula at the elementary and secondary school level in accordance with the National Council of Teachers of English standards. Study how to teach basic reading and writing skills and develop courses for students with special learning or comprehension challenges.As a certificate program student, you will complete one course in student assessment, which serves as a framework for the role of assessment in teaching literacy and language, and one course in the diagnosis and remediation of reading problems. You will also complete two courses that focus on literacy and teaching reading and writing across the curriculum. The certificate program includes four courses from the Master of Science in Education curriculum for a program total of 17 quarter credit hours. Upon successful completion of the program, you will be awarded a certificate.
The Graduate Certificate in Literacy and Language Teaching provides you with the opportunity to:
Access gainful employment information, including program length, tuition costs, financing options, and success rates.
A graduate certificate from Kaplan University could qualify you for a number of careers in the field, including coordinator positions.†
Qualified credits earned in fulfillment of this certificate may be applied toward the requirements of certain Kaplan University degree programs. When the time is right, come back and earn your degree online at Kaplan University.
Kaplan University offers multiple start dates, giving you greater flexibility with your education, life, and work schedules.
Online Start Date Feb 11, 2015
Online Start Date Mar 25, 2015
This course provides students with a broad knowledge base of theory and best practices in the field of student assessment. Topics include the analysis of standard assessment objectives and tools, and their relationship to student achievement and teacher growth. The course will survey the use of formal and informal assessments, norm-referenced and criterion-referenced assessments, and formative and summative assessments. Additionally, students will examine methods of using assessment data to improve instruction and student achievement, as well as to improve teacher professional self-reflection. Students will learn how to design assessments appropriate to the instructional objectives of a school, student population, and content area. Students will also examine grade calculating and reporting software.
Prerequisites Required:
Total Core Credits: 9 Total Program Credits: 17
This course will focus on the development and use of diagnostic instruments and practices that help teachers discern the nature of individual differences in literacy abilities, especially among readers and writers with special learning challenges. Methods of constructing individualized, corrective treatment plans and procedures for K-12 and adult learners will be discussed.
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This course provides an overview of literacy instruction for the English/language arts classroom. The course covers historical trends and theoretical models for literacy instruction; the alignment of instruction with state and national standards and assessment; new digital literacies and the use of technology; and best practices in comprehensive literacy instruction. The course culminates in a comprehensive final research project that investigates an aspect of literacy instruction.
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Exercise Science & Leisure Studies - Strength and Conditioning Specialist (B.S.)
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The program of Exercise Science and Leisure Studies (Strength and Conditioning Specialist) is primarily designed to prepare you for careers in the strength and conditioning field. The program of study in Strength and Conditioning aims to develop an understanding of the concepts and theories of program design. You will acquire the skills necessary to develop training and conditioning regimens for athletic and fitness programs. Students who complete this program of study will be prepared to seek employment in the sport and fitness industry.
As an Exercise Science major, you will also complete a supervised field experience. During the Field Experience, the student will work with athletes and coaches to develop safe and effective programs to improve athletic performance, teach proper lifting techniques, supervise and motivate the athletes, assess their performance before and after the program, design pre-season, in-season, and post-season workouts, and reduce the probability of athletic injuries.
The American College of Sports Medicine found that demand for strength-training experts was one of the top five most promising employment trends over the past few years.
Printable flyer, including courses for 2014-2016.
Printable list of courses within the composite Exercise Science & Leisure Studies - Strength and Conditioning Specialist major for 2014-2016.
Note: a composite major requires additional courses related to the program, but eliminates the need for a minor or second major.
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Returning Undergraduate Student Scholarships
Department of Health & Physical Education
Aaron Sours Memorial Scholarship (2004)
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Charlotte Graichen Memorial Scholarship (1992)
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Tom Trousdale Scholarship (2000)
V-500 Scholarship
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Wilhelmenia Erickson (2000)
Programs of interest
Exercise Science & Leisure Studies - Exercise Science (B.A., B.S.)
Exercise Science & Leisure Studies - Leisure Studies (B.A., B.S.)
Exercise Science & Leisure Studies - Sports Management (B.A., B.S.)


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Smugglers and Spies I really like and plan to make them my LS faction of choice. That being said right now we are kinda limited with them only having the one objective set in each core set. Now what you get in that OSet is great so don't get me wrong.
When I built my first deck to play the game I took the Jedi Starter deck and added the neutral pod and one copy of the Questionable Contacts objective set. I didn't do too well but this was my very first game and I was teaching my friend to play as well, he was playing as the Sith.
Since then I have acquired my second core set and built a Rebel Alliance/Smugglers deck using Smugglers as my affiliation and two copies of Questionable Contacts plus Hit and Run, Tribal Support and one copy of each Rebel Alliance OSet except for Mobilize the Squadrons as that would be an illegal choice. Played two games with that yesterday and won the second one. The reason I was only using one of each Rebel OSet was I had not played any of them yet so wanted to get some exposure. Afterwards I ended up picking out the OSets I liked the best and doubling up on them. I actually ended up building the same deck as in the FFG LS article. I almost took the Akbar pod instead but decided not to for now. So the deck seems like it will play really well now that I got a feel for more of it. I am not sure I like not having Tribal Support as the Ewok Scouts ability to stop an attacker proved quite useful.
Now I would like to go back and add Smugglers to the Jedi as well to see how that works out.
So the point of this rambling. Let's talk strategy and decks for the Smugglers and Spies, for the time being they are being splashed with the other factions. Anyone had any luck with other deck lists ? With the Jedi instead of Rebels ?


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Blog | Comments |
WoW | 23 Comments |
Recent Comments:
The Light and How to Swing It: Holy 101, page 3 {WoW}
Feb 1st 2010 11:40AM I disagree with using the Nightmare Tear under any circumstances. It is a 10int gem, period, for us. Royal Dreadstone is better, but potentially still sub-optimal. First: 12sp + 5mp5 > 10int under all possible permutations of gear. Remember: int is king but our other stats aren't without value. Second, depending on how your socket colors and bonuses work out on your current gear using the 10int/5mp5 green gem plus the 12sp/10int orange gem to fulfill your meta can be optimal if you can pick up good socket bonuses to offset the loss of 20int (essentially solving for: 12sp + 5mp5 + x > 20int). Use a spreadsheet or Rawr to run the numbers taking in to account your total gear set and gemming choices.
Some Paladin nerfs to go live before 3.0.3 {WoW}
Oct 28th 2008 9:43AM Damage meters were ignoring overheals for JoL and maybe still are so those numbers are incredibly skewed. SA mana return is also abysmal compared to mana use, but is better than nothing. Its pretty sad that the glyphs that are looking like they might be the best for ret now are the CS and SA ones to save mana, not the ones that increase DPS.
Ghostcrawler talks about Paladin nerfs {WoW}
Oct 27th 2008 11:51AM I agree with what you are saying about raid damage, I don't PvP so I leave that to others who do to discuss.
Right now ret pretty much owns raid trash, thats why we, along with hunters, are tops on the raid damage meters. Thats fine, raid trash DPS != raid boss DPS. My paladin is at or near the top of raid damage with other classes pretty far down (20-30%) but boss damage I am maybe top-5, rarely top spot unless my Seal of the Casino hits jackpot with my CDs up. My gear (T5+badge) is also as good if not better than most people in my raids so I should be near the top. I've been ret since I rolled my toon and had to work my butt off to justify spots in raids so I would say I am pretty skilled in playing my class, as are most raiding ret paladins. No surprise that a lot of that skill plus the new abilities equalled ret paladins in raids hitting the top end of the DPS meter.
All that being said PvE damage was never terribly out of line, it was all PvP burst that was causing problems. The thing that irks me the most is that none of these nerfs address the fundamental mechanics that are causing the issues in PvP and instead disproportionately hurts PvE performance of all paladin specs. If they want to lower burst they need to adjust how SoC procs, such as putting it on an internal cooldown to reduce the upfront burstiness without hurting overall DPS, not by just nerfing damage across the board and reducing mana returns to pretty much cause us to do no damage and then go OOM when we can't do any damage. I just don't see, on paper, how this was thought out and GC's post did nothing to convey their thinking at all.
Ghostcrawler talks about Paladin nerfs {WoW}
Oct 27th 2008 11:03AM Thats what prot paladins do, ever heard of prot grinding? They do it because they stack block value so they don't take damage and seal/judge light for health. Learn how the class plays before crying, please.
Solving the holiday boss summon problem {WoW}
Oct 22nd 2008 6:10PM ^ This is the way to go, tell everyone in your group to pick up the quest and then before someone pulls the first time look at your quest log to make sure you aren't getting shafted.
Apprentice Scribe: An Inscription FAQ {WoW}
Oct 17th 2008 10:48AM Unless there are uncommon/rare/epic glyphs like there are for other crafting or enchanting there will be no money in glyph making. At least with enchants you have to get the enchant replaced each time a new shiny purple drops for you, not so with glyphs, especially when dual-specs are implemented.
I think the money, at least with the current skills, will come in the form of Darkmoon cards, vellums and perhaps the offhands if they are really good.
PvE winners and losers in patch 3.0 {WoW}
Sep 15th 2008 11:11AM I raid as a ret paladin and spec prot when I need to for 5-mans. I'm pretty happy with the changes to both of those trees, can't comment on the holy tree though since I don't heal. Ret pallies required great gear and a stacked group to just put out competitive DPS so their buffs are very welcome. Blizz needs to tone down the judgement crit damage for PvP, otherwise I'll take everything we got :D
Three tips for the wacky world of AH pricing {WoW}
Sep 11th 2008 4:13PM My realm is usually the opposite when it comes to metal vs ore. The ore (especially lower-level copper/tin/iron) sometimes go for more than the bars since the gems they prospect into are worth a pretty penny. Use Auctioneer Advanced to do all the heavy lifting: scan the AH a couple times a day for a week or so to build up a good database of prices and go from there. It will give you a break down of items and their expected prices to sell, disenchant, prospect, vendor and transform (e.g. lesser->greater planar essence to arbitrage those prices)
Breakfast Topic: I like gold {WoW}
Sep 3rd 2008 9:59AM I am always terribly poor. My main is BS/Engineering maxed (finally got engineering done, yay!) and my alt is only level 60 and 292 mining :( I had 1k gold earlier this week until I had to pay back a loan from a friend for a BS pattern. I'm also a raiding pally with three complete gear sets so dailies are pretty much enough to just tread water between consumables, respecs, gems and enchants.
The Light and How to Swing It: Gearing up your Retadin for Karazhan part IV {WoW}
Aug 1st 2008 10:58AM Great article! These "little things" will really help push a retadin to the top of the DPS meter.
Another enchant for those with deep pockets: Cat's Swiftness, especially if (like me) you didn't invest in Pursuit of Justice.
Also, there are only 3 gems to be concerned with and 2 of them are just to meet metagem requirements or match sockets ONLY if the bonus is +strength/crit and is significant (e.g. if the loss of strength to meet socket requirements is matched by the socket bonus)
Bold Living Ruby/Crimson Spinnel: Socket this everywhere, skip socket bonuses if they are rubbish, this gives the best DPS gain than any other gem.
Inscribed Noble Topaz/Pyrestone: Socket this in yellow sockets to meet metagem/socket bonus requirements.
Sovereign Nightseye/Shadowsong Amethyst: Socket into blue sockets for metagem/socket bonus requirements.
I don't like socketing for +hit, I'd much rather swap around gear since the +hit gem is going to get overwritten by something more beneficial when your gear catches up. It also helps to keep +hit trinkets, rings and necklaces around just in case an upgrade to another piece knocks you under the cap.


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Birchbox, the New York City-based startup that tipped off the subscription services craze launched an testosterone-approved new vertical today: Birchbox Man. Like the OG lady Birchbox, the men's version will combine a personalized subscription box with four to five samples a month (except shave gel and stylish socks instead of lip stain and bronzer), along with a "handpicked" online shop and magazine-y editorial content. "Winter is over and it's time to emerge from your man cave," reads the intro for a manly-sounding section called Great Outdoors.
Cofounder Katia Beauchamp said she had an inkling there was a market for Birchbox among the other half of the population after getting tweets and "real life" inquiries from men requesting grooming and lifestyles of their very own. Not to mention a curious observation from existing female subscribers. "When their box would arrive, the men in their lives would hover around and were so curious about what's inside the box," Ms. Beauchamp told Betabeat over the phone.
Last November, the company did a trial run. Thousands of limited edition boxes at $48 a pop sold out in three days with just a few tweets.
The women's vertical, however, has been growing largely via press and word-of-mouth. (A quick YouTube search for "Birchbox unboxing" turns up 342 enthusiastic results.) "Women were really comfortable sharing," said Ms. Beauchamp. "We couldn't imagine that all men would be comfortable talking about this amazing pomade."
To mitigate any potential unease, she said, Birchbox decided to include items within a potential buyer's comfort zone like headphones, pocket squares, and shave creams. "It might be a little easier than saying, 'Doesn't my skin look well exfoliated.'" We think any human should be able to get behind the idea of smooth skin and minimized pores, but point taken.
So does she see the Birchbox Man customer as someone embarrassed to walk into a Sephora or an enlightened male unencumbered by issues of heteronormativity? "I know it's kind of a cop out, but I guess we see it as both," said Ms. Beauchamp, pointing out that female customers range from avid shoppers those who find the task daunting and have stuck to the same products for years.
Unfortunately, self-quantifying devices like FitBits and Nike FuelBands are a little hard to sample, otherwise we'd say Birchbox could have the tech bros on lock.
The company, which launched in 2010, has already picked up $11.9 million in financing from investors like First Round Capital, Lerer Ventures, and Facebook's Sam Lessin. Its subscriber base is more than 100,000, with a monthly growth rate of more than 20 percent over the past year. The company's data shows that 40 percent of subscribers have gone on to purchase full-sized products within their first year, which helps explain why they've been able to partner with more than 200 brands.
Birchbox has 60 employees in its Park Avenue and 19th Street headquarters and is looking for new offices. Better hurry, guys, the niche copycats are nipping at your heels–armed with venture financing . . . and dollar razors.


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Or What do you use to put your seeds into.
I just did my first trade, and it was costly, the bubble envelopes 7.99. I went to A.C. Moore looking for the tiny plastic bags. They don't carry them. I ended up getting these exp. small invitation envelopes to put the seeds in. What do you use and where do you get it? (I could of bought the seeds from a supplier cheaper). |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by ishareflowers 5 MA. (firstname.lastname@example.com) on Sat, Jan 29, 11 at 14:51
Ladyrose, You can buy small 2x3 bead bags "100> at walmart for 1.00 or you can order in bulk like I do at fetpak.com. there are a few posts somewhere on the garden web where piti??? shows you how to make your own seed envies out of any paper or magazine. Basically, it's a 4x4 square piece of paper folded in half to make a triangle and then turn the sides in and tape. It makes a little pocket for seeds, super cute and cheap!Look at a regular envelope for a visual. The bubble envelopes are at all the dollar stores, usually 2 for 1.00 and they can be cut into 2 to make 4.... Hope this helps Lisa |
Hi Ladyrose You can buy the baggies at Walmart in the craft section, near the beads or at Joann Fabrics in their bead aisle ;-) Michaels has them too but Walmart and Joanns are cheaper . I get my bubble envelopes at the dollar store ;-) Iris |
I use snack sized Ziploc bags. They are $2.50 or so for 120 bags. Walmart has bubble envelopes for 44 cents each. Once you begin trading, you can just reuse the enveopes the seed you received came in. I bought 128 labels for $1.19 so that I can write info about the seed on them and attach them to the baggie. To label the recycled enveolpes, I use 3 x 5 cards and clear tape to attach them to the envelopes. The jumbo popsicle sticks sold at Walmart make excellent row labels for seedlings, too. |
- Posted by mastergarder2003 5 MI. (firstname.lastname@example.com) on Sat, Jan 29, 11 at 15:17
I use my old tea bags envelopes. also I use plastic zip baggys I get mine from the dollar store one dollar store, has one lg bag of diffrent sizes for 1 dollar for them all. I like the tea bags. I make lots of tea so Fill and reseal after taking out the tea bag dont forget to lable them, I use a felt tip pen. and tape sides shut and top. O I also use old visa and other junk mail envelopes to put my garden seeds in and store in abc order with old hanging files. labled slide your daisy, or what ever between in the old env. recycle is good. I went to a old hallmark out of bus. sale and they gave me pretty color old env. to hae for free on last day out of bus. how about that. |
- Posted by ladyrose65 6bNJ (My Page) on Sat, Jan 29, 11 at 15:35
Thank You all for the input. I will be going to Walmart. |
- Posted by NancyPlants 5bKansas (My Page) on Sat, Jan 29, 11 at 16:02
I've been making little seed envies from old seed catalogs and gardening magazines. I learned how to make them on a GW post 'endless supply of seed envelopes'. I'm not sure thats the exact name of the post. They are kinda pretty and fun to make :) |
I also recycle all my seed & gardening catalogues into seed packets. If you have time & energy, there are pretty templates you can print out from online. I like the ones from gardensandcrafts.com but you can google many more. I work at an office so I recycle used fedex & Ups bubble envies by cutting clean portions down to fit inside regular envelopes. We also go through a lot of binder dividers & those always come with way too many exta tab labels so I recycle those too for labeling packets. Otherwise they just get thrown away. I use used prescription bottles to store large quantities of seeds until I divide out for trades. Or to send larger delicate seeds that I don't want to get crushed by USPS machinery. Of course I soak them all in warm water & bleach to make sure they will not contaminate the seeds with anything. |
- Posted by pumkingal 5 (email@example.com) on Sun, Jan 30, 11 at 19:01
Hi ladyrose,, check your email,,Lisa |
- Posted by austinnhanasmom 5 CO (My Page) on Mon, Jan 31, 11 at 9:51
I just bought some from Amazon - much smaller then the ones at Walmart. I had bought bubble enives too and was thinking - how much is this trading going to cost?? After a few trades however, you won't need to buy those again. If you do buy more, I suggest buying the 8x10 (or whatever the size is) and cutting them into smaller ones. Be careful, though, because you can make them too small (I think I cut one into four and the resulting four were too small) and the PO will charge a PACKAGE price!! There is a guide on their website for minimum and maximum sizes for envies. Then there's some goofy ratio of width to length - all on their website. |
- Posted by judy65-gardener 5 (My Page) on Mon, Jan 31, 11 at 11:10
I have thousands of seed enevelopes I made from printed craft paper with lables on them in different sizes I'd be happy to send you some here's my e-mail address if you want some send your address. email@example.com I love making them and sending them to people |
Judy is the bomb!! **big smile** (((HUGZ))) you can go to sams club if you have one near by and buy a box of them that's what i did, its much cheaper! LOL, then after you start trading, save your envi's, you won't have to buy anymore! trust me on tht! i had a whole huge kitchen trash bag full of them!! LOL one time i had two of them full!! i thought i'd need them, so i saved them (i wasn't trading for a bit) LOL ya, i ended up throwing them away, hubs said throw them away!!!! man, he was furious!! LOL so save them! they may look alittle used, but they are reusuable, i used aknife to open mine, LOL and i sometimes either used scotch tape or stapled them shut, as for the baggies, i use walmart little baggies (100/99 cents in the hobbies) and i made some using the method they showed, and pumkingal? she had a whole page on how to make them and so did quiltingfox. its very economical! LOL especially if you get lots of magazines! LOL |
- Posted by NancyPlants 5bKansas (My Page) on Sat, Feb 26, 11 at 17:56
I've been trying to buy the little baggies for over a month now. Walmart continues to be out and the same at Michaels. Maybe I'll look at Joanns. I also get bubble envies at SAMS. Cheaper than Walmart. A box of 25 6x9s for around $5. Before I ever use them I put packing tape over the address and stamp areas. This way its easier to remove and reuse. They look almost like new :) Especially good for BEAP offers. (I learned that on a thread here somewhere) I've received seeds in teabag envelopes and the seeds were all over the place. The tape didnt seem to stick to the tea envie. Kinda sad to loose so many seeds. |
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