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BikeMaster American Chrome Mirror has a deep high-polished chrome finish. Classic styling with extra heavy construction. Universal stem fits left or right side of motorcycle. Length 5-7/8", Height 3-9/16", Housing Depth 1-5/16". Stem 5-1/4"Sold individually.
(based on 19 reviews)
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(4 of 4 customers found this review helpful)
OEM quality, great looking
By Spectre
from Cleveland, OH
See all my reviews
Comments about BikeMaster American Chrome Mirror:
These have a very susbstatial feel, not light/flimsy. They look OEM quality, not like cheap replacements. Super easy to install (5 min and 17mm wrench) and adjust. Beautiful chrome finish, clean lines, and no extra screws visible like the cheaper ones. They would look great on any bike with classic cruiser styling.NOTE: These are sold individually (not in pairs)--which was hard to determine based on the website.
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
well made
By Bill
from Chandler Arizona
I bought these mirrors to replace the custom mirrors that the previous owner had installed on my motorcycle. I own a 2007 Honda Sabre vt1100. The custom mirrors were very cheap looking and much too small. These new replacement mirrors are as good, if not better, than the original equipment and offer a large stable view to the rear. They look super are of exceptional quality. They are best bang for the buck, and they took about 2minutes to install without any technical knowhow. My compliments to Bike Bandit as I used standard ground shipping, and they had my order at my doorstep in just a couple of days. They fill the order so promptly that it was like getting overnight shipping without paying extra for it.
(1 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
feels solid, looks good
By Rob, but you can call me Al
from Barberton, OH
these mirrors seem just what I was looking for, good quality, solid, stay where you put them mirrors. you don't have to break out the mirror to tighten them up like the previous model I had. I would give them 5 stars if they were made in the U.S.A. Dream On! oh well...
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Great Mirror
By Omerta
from Dallas, TX
Great Mirror, no road vibrations, no movement, wide viewing area. Looks great on my bike. Wish I bought it sooner!
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Sun, Sep 5, 10 at 17:06
An iris bed inherited with the house has an invasive weed/herb, tall grass etc growing in it. Any recommendations for keeping this bed iris only? Weeding only seems to be encouraging the weeds to come back faster . I believe I had read that mulch is not good for Iris. Any suggestions please?
Thank you. |
Follow-Up Postings:
I use "grass Getter" to kill the grass and a pre-emergent for the annual weeds. For the tuff weeds I use a paint brush and just brush weed killer on them, being careful to not get any on the Iris fans. So far I have been winning the battle. I have now added Daylilies to the Iris bed. The weeds are almost gone. I will add some preen soon so next spring the weeds will sprout but not grow up. Extreme problems require extreme measures to get the job done. |
If its super bad you might want to lift all of the iris and kill off all the weeds with chemicals then put the iris back . I had to do that with neibors iris bed last year and it worked well. But there was so much grass in it that we really had to dig to even find the iris. Its kind of late to be replanting in some areas of the country this year so I like the idea of painting on the weed killer but I have not tried it. Mayby if you cut the weeds down to about 4 inchs then painted it on there would be less chance of the wind kicking up and blowing the newly chem. painted weed up agains the iris fan. Then use something like preen know and again in the spring to help kill any merging seeds those weeds might already have spread. |
The "Grass Getter" does not kill any other plants. Amazing stuff. Grass can be a real bugger to get rid of. This stuff got the grass and did not harm another plant. I was a non believer at first but I am a believer now. The weeds are a pain but can be pulled and prevented, But Grass "YUK" a royal pain. Cutting the weeds back is a good Idea as well. Good luck. |
- Posted by greekbecky2 6 (My Page) on Sat, Sep 11, 10 at 0:34
Hi All: Say you were going to build a new raised bed (out of that trex decking composite) for your rhizomes. What would the experts say is the best way to do it? Put a screen and weed block sheet at the bottom of the box? What soil/compost/fertilizer mixture would you use? etc., etc. I plan to do this in a couple weeks and just thought I'd throw this question out there to see what others have done. |
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subset: commoncrawl


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We are so into our first every Holiday Video Editorial. Get a quick look at the making of, and the behind the scenes of our newest lookbook. Styled by three members of the Solestruck team—this lookbook shows you how to incorporate your Solestruck shoes into your Holiday party looks. And the best part is, all of the looks are completely shoppable right here in PDX! Giant thanks to the entire Solestruck crew and extended crew for your work on this production. Happy Holidays.
To view and shop the IN THE SPIRIT lookbook click HERE!


text: Piyo Blocks 2 HD LITE gamesBookmark the permalink. Release date: Jun 17th, 2010 Price: Free Version: 1.2.01 Seller: Chillingo Ltd Buy Now STP SCORE: Not yet reviewed Description Related Games Godzilla – Smash3 Monument Valley Threes! The Room Two Papa Sangre II Device 6 Lead the Brave Where's My Water? 2 Amateur Surgeon 3 Rymdkapsel


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HOME > Hoarders
1,000 rats up for adoption following rescue on A&E's 'Hoarders' show1,000 rats up for adoption following rescue on A&E's 'Hoarders' show Full Story |
A&E to premiere third season of 'Hoarders' on September 6
A&E says its U.S. reality program "Hoarders" is to return next month for a third season.A&E to premiere second season of 'Hoarders' on November 30
A&E has announced Hoarders' second season will premiere on Monday, November 30 at 10PM ET/PT.
- Bruce Jenner reportedly filming his own E! reality show documenting his "journey"
- 'The Bachelor' host Chris Harrison: Kelsey Poe is kind of a spoiled brat, Ashley Iaconetti is immature and obsessed with herself
- Bruce Jenner steps out with fuller-looking lips
- 'The Bachelor' star Chris Soules: I think my Final 3 bachelorettes will surprise everyone
- Farrah Abraham may still want to get her butt done despite recent botched lip injection procedure
- Kim Kardashian on Kanye West relationship: It's so normal, he even makes me lunches
- Kim Kardashian: I gained 15 pounds, I'm not pregnant but Kanye West and I are trying and praying
- Joan Rivers' daughter Melissa Rivers sues New York City clinic for procedure that caused her death
- 'The Bachelor' star Chris Soules: Ashley Salter lied when she said she loved me, it was uncomfortable and not flattering
- Phillip Phillips wants out of "oppressive and fatally conflicted" contract with 'American Idol' production company
- 'The Bachelor' star Chris Soules: Kaitlyn Bristowe just showed a little tush, so relax people
- Kim Kardashian on Bruce Jenner: His story is his own to tell but he's happier than ever
- Kate Gosselin gets fired by Donald Trump on 'The Celebrity Apprentice'
- TLC to premiere new 'Our Little Family' little people reality series on February 17
- 'The Celebrity Apprentice' star Donald Trump fires 'Deadliest Catch' star Sig Hansen
- Kim Kardashian to star in 2015 Super Bowl commercial for T-Mobile mocking her selfie obsession
- 'The Bachelor' star Chris Soules sends four women packing, including Ashley Salter and Jillian Anderson
- Kristin Cavallari shares texts from Jay Cutler: "need u home asap"
- Kim Kardashian reveals magazine project with Cara Delevingne
- 'The Celebrity Apprentice' seventh-season live finale date announced
- 'The Bachelor' couple Sean Lowe and Catherine Giudici celebrate wedding anniversary via romantic getaway
- Kylie Jenner: I'm still studying for my high-school diploma
- 'Party Down South' to debut third season February 26 on CMT
- 'Food Fighters' gets picked up for a second season by NBC


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Tournoi de Paris page help: Odds Portal lists all upcoming Tournoi de Paris handball matches played in World. "B's" column indicates number of bookmakers offering Tournoi de Paris betting odds on a specific handball match. Columns 1, X and 2 serve for average/biggest Tournoi de Paris betting odds offered on home team to win, draw and away team to win the Tournoi de Paris match. The top line of upcoming matches table (Handball - World - Tournoi de Paris) lets you click-through to higher categories of Odds Portal betting odds comparison service.
FAQ | Site map | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Widgets | Webmasters | Contact Copyright © 2008-15 OddsPortal.com


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How to choose the right web hosting for a website, is a conversation that I often have with my website customers and students. Since I started building websites years ago, I have used just about all the major web hosts at one time or another, either for my own sites or the ones that I was building, managing, or search engine optimizing for my customers.
Like many things online these days, trying to make a decision by comparing these different companies can be difficult. Most web hosts promise similar things but say them in different ways making it hard to get an even standard of measure to use in evaluating which on is best suited for your website.
There are many different web hosting companies that are good and overall most larger companies will have a fairly good hosting package for you, but that being said, there are some very important factors that I have found to be critical to the success of your blog or website both now and in the future.
Important Factors For Choosing A Web Hosting Company
Customer Service
I am listing customer service and support at number one because to me this is one of the most critical parts of what I am paying for with a web host. As your site grows this becomes more and more important. Imagine if your site was down and you were unable to contact people at the web host to help you? Having your site down for any time at all becomes a much larger issue when it is your sole source of income.
When choosing a web host, be sure you check to see that they have various ways you can contact them 24/7 such as live chat, toll free phone, email ticketing, etc. You also want to be sure that when you do contact them that they will be abel to help you find the solution to your problem quickly.
Lastly, something that has been a great help to me, is that some companies such as my favorite hosting provider Hostgator will even move your websites for you if you are switching to their hosting services from a different host or upgrading to a higher hosting package with them.
Tech Specs
When evaluating a hosting company for technical specifications, the first step is to look closely at the website that you are moving or intending to create. It is important to look at what it will be presently and also what you want it to grow into in the future. Different hosting companies specialize in different things. If you are building a WordPress website then there will be some companies who specialize in that and if you are wanting to have robust e-commerce site built on the Magento platform then other companies will be able to address the unique needs of a site like that.
It isn't necessary to go to a web host that specializes in a small niche, but it can be worth looking into in some cases. The most important thing, as mentioned before, is to look at your site and understand what it needs now and in the future and be sure the web host you choose has those options available for you.
Room for Growth
Having a clear long term goal for your website is vital in choosing a web host company that can grow with you or allow your site to move up from one level of service to another easily to meet its growing needs. Most websites that are just starting out will only need the basic hosting pack available just about anywhere, but once the site starts to grow you will be very glad that you looked into this before hand.More than once I have been working on websites for my customers who had the site built on the cheapest hosting they could find. Not only was it much harder to move the site to a new host because there just weren't the right options for growth with the original host, but what they didn't know was that every dollar they saved by using a cheap host, they probably lost many more every day because their site was down often and had a lot of variability in the speed that the site would load. This can be detrimental to your ranking in search engines like Google too.
I will mention price briefly for one simple point; the most expensive web hosting is not always the best or the right choice for your site. There are several different web hosts that I often recommend that are quite inexpensive, but I have found them to have customer service and support equal to and in some cases greater than much more expensive web hosts.. What I'm looking for personally and for my customers, is a high level of customer service, room to grow, and all at a reasonable price point.
Control Panel
Another option that I highly recommend is a management tool called cPanel. It is a piece of software that your web server runs on and is used to manage your hosting account. cPanel is included with some web hosting companies and is available for an extra charge at others. If you can, always use the cPanel option, it makes managing your site more convenient, makes backing up your data easier, and even moving or upgrading your website much more simple and reliable as well.
Choosing a web Host Check List
So based on my personal experience, here is my basic checklist for selecting the right web hosting company for your website:
- Customer Service – The most important thing is good support anytime you need it.
- Tech Specs – Look at what you need now and will need, find a host to match.
- Room For Growth – Make sure you host will have room to grow as your site grows.
- cPanel – Makes managing your website easier and more dependable
- Price – Look for the best of the above aspects at the most reasonable price, the most expensive is not always the best.
What I Personally Use And Recommend
I have a detailed list of the web tools I use and recommend, but my favorite web hosting company by far is HostGator. I have all my sites there and I build just about all my customers sites there as well. They have an unbelievably low price for the starter package and to me the most important benefit is that even the lowest hosting packages get the same great level of customer support as the higher ones.
If you want to be able to host several different sites, I recommend their VPS Level 3 or above package with cPanel. That is what I have personally with about 5 or 6 websites on it including the one you are on right now. It runs great and I can add as many websites as I want to it, plus it is easy to upgrade should I need to in the future.
Other Web Hosts You Might Want To Consider
Here are some other web hosting companies I have used in the past:


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CompuPrint, Inc. (OTCBB:CPPT), an energy technology company that combines satellite-based technology with traditional exploration services, which does business through its wholly owned operating subsidiary, Terra Insight Corporation, announced today that its Namibia subsidiary, Namterra Mineral Resources (Pty) Ltd., has been awarded by the Republic of Namibia five exclusive licenses for the prospecting of precious stones. The licenses expire in May 2009 and cover approximately 1,000 square kilometers of off-shore territory.
"This is an exciting opportunity for us, as we expand our thrust to natural resources in Africa, in addition to our current oil and gas projects in the United States and Turkey, and it is consistent with our business model of obtaining ownership interests in our exploration projects," said Roman Rozenberg, Chief Executive Officer. "To develop the properties underlying these licenses, we plan to deploy our STeP(TM) technology for the exploration of natural resources other than oil and gas activities. The technology has previously been used successfully in prospecting for diamonds. Using STeP(TM) technology, we plan to reconstruct a modeling of the historic shoreline, the paleoriver flows, and thereby identify the eroded kimberlite pipes to predict the potential off-shore traps for alluvial diamonds. We expect to expand our diamond and other minerals prospecting projects this year."
About CompuPrint, Inc.
CompuPrint, Inc., through its wholly owned subsidiary, Terra Insight Corporation, provides mapping, surveying, and analytical services to exploration, drilling, and mining companies. Terra Insight Corporation's wholly-owned subsidiary, Terra Resources, Inc., is the 95% equity owner of Namterra Mineral Resources (Pty) Ltd. The Company primarily uses the STeP technology, which facilitates the prediction and location of commercially viable deposits of hydrocarbons, gold, diamonds, and other natural resources. It manages and interprets geologic and satellite data to develop the assessment of natural resources. Through the Company's other wholly owned subsidiary entities, the Company owns leases for oil and gas parcels totaling more than 16,000 acres of land in the Rail Road Valley and White River Valley areas of Nevada for purposes of utilizing its STeP technology in oil and gas exploration and development activities. Terra Insight Corporation was formed in 2005 and is based in New York City. For more information visit http://www.terrainsight.com.
This press release may contain forward-looking information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. There are many factors that could cause the Company's expectations and beliefs about its planned and proposed exploration activities to fail to materialize, including, but not limited to: competition for new acquisitions; availability of capital; unfavorable geologic conditions; prevailing prices for exploration equipment and services, and general regional economic conditions.


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i'm switching over to a different account
it's been a crazy two years as hauntedtruth--i made a lot of friends, but i also got caught up in a lot of shit
i will not be giving out the username publicly. there are some people who i will definitely be rewatching (friends, people who i may have recently watched on here, etc), and i'm pretty sure that they will be able to figure out that it's me. the username is kind of my thing now, and the account already has some of my stuff transferred on to it
if you would like to rewatch me on the new account, you can shoot me a note, but please keep in mind that there are some people that i do not want to be involved with any longer. i think they know who they are though
like i said, it's been crazy. two years of my life have been spent on this account. it's really weird to leave it behind me, but starting fresh will be best. i'll probably keep this account up though, even if it's just for nostalgia (plus the email to delete it won't send through)
so yeah. thank you to everyone who has stayed until the end. i'm sorry for any drama or anything. you guys were my first real audience when i made this account back in the beginning of 2012


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Lacy!
Facts about Lacy
- Breed: Labrador Retriever Mix
- Color: Black
- Age: Adult
- Size: Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
- Sex: Female
Lacy's Info...
I am already spayed, housetrained, up to date with shots, and good with dogs.
Lacy has been tossed around a bit, but like most labs, she is resilient. She has an outgoing personality, perhaps may even be a bit of a diva. She hasn't had much formal training when it comes to hunting or manners, but she makes up for that with enthusiasm. She isn't a wild, out of control puppy any longer, but she is up for a little fun, and doesn't mind having it with you. Right now, she's looking for a reliable best friend, willing to stick by her to the end, even if it may take some time to break each other in.
Other Pets at St. Francis Animal Shelter
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Lacy, a Buffalo Labrador Retriever dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Labrador Retriever for sale in Buffalo, or seeking a Labrador Retriever dog from a breeder in Buffalo.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in Buffalo already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a Buffalo breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even Labrador Retriever breeders who help with Labrador Retriever rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in Buffalo paves the way for another one to be saved.


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It also features what may be an even rarer commodity in this genre: generous helpings of humor, most of it generated by screen veterans Alan Arkin and John Goodman. These two are brought into the action by dint of a superficially crazy idea for rescuing the six Americans. Challenged to get them out, CIA exfiltration specialist Tony Mendez (Affleck), hatches a scheme that involves making a fake movie. The embassy staffers, who have fled to the home of the Canadian ambassador to Iran (played by native Canadian Victor Garber), will pretend to be filmmakers scouting locations for a schlocky Star Wars knockoff to be filmed in that country.
Problem is, they have to make the whole nutty project seem credible. So Mendez contacts a friend who has done some contract work for the agency, makeup/prosthetics artist John Chambers (Goodman). Chambers (who in real life was awarded a lifetime achievement Oscar) gets him a contact with producer Lester Siegel (Arkin), using his contacts in the Hollywood communityplus his extraordinary chutzpahto get the fake project underway.
Affleck, who knows the territory, treats us to a send up of the film industry along with the political thriller. As he cuts back and forth among Washington, L.A., and Teheran, the film achieves an uncanny mix of humor and suspense. (The salty language throughout earns the movie its R rating.) Arkin and Goodman are outstanding in their segments, providing the comic relief that ratchets up the tension when we return to the extraction itself.
In contrast, Afflecks humorless, understated portrayal of Mendez embodies the less is more approach to acting at its finest. His scenes with the other actors in all three locations are notable for their emotional control in a highly-charged setting. Mendez never loses his cool while all about him men are losing theirs. Among them, Bryan Cranston as Mendezs CIA boss, Jack ODonnell, stands out with a solid, credible performance.
Behind the camera, the work of cinematographer Rodrigo Prieto and production designer Sharon Seymour deserves special notice for recreating the look and feel of the 70s in the widely disparate locales the movie depicts. Id also mention the quiet original score by Alexandre Desplat for its unconventional approach to the thriller scenario. Director Affleck keeps the camera tight on the action and the actors, establishing the appropriate sense of claustrophobia for the captive Americans as well as the fairy tale atmosphere of La La Land. One scene in a Teheran bazaar particularly stands out in capturing the hostility surrounding the Americansa situation that still prevails, unhappily.
Argo achieves a topicality that Affleck likely didnt intend, coming on the heels of the Libyan killings. The ending represents one of the rare feel good moments of Americas misadventures in the Middle East for the past half-century, a sad history that the film deftly captures at the opening through a melding of cartoon (or story board?) and documentary footage. It heralds the opening of the Serious Season when the studios begin to release their Oscar hopefuls. This one may get several nominations.


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HoopsHype RC Buford rumors
Masai Ujiri: I reached out to a couple of people who know Danny well. Both have been great mentors for me. R.C. Buford is the GM of the San Antonio Spurs. He was one of the first NBA executives to come to our Basketball Without Borders camps a decade ago. That same year, he adopted a young man from Cameroon. Wayne Embry is an adviser for our team. Forty years ago, he was the first African-American GM of an NBA team. Both of these men, whom I trust so much, are close to Danny. They have nothing but great things to say about him. The league is a small world. Other people I've spoken to who know Danny well say that he has never done anything they've seen to suggest he holds racist views. Toronto Globe & Mail
Buford talked about the future of the Spurs without Tim Duncan and Gregg Popovich, although they are likely to stay together at least one more season. Buford, a former assistant coach under Larry Brown and lead scout, is preparing for life after Duncan and Popovich — whenever that comes. "The Spurs Way has been different over the course of time," Buford said. "It's been built to fit the strengths of our teams. [Popovich and I] grew up under Coach Brown, and Larry thinks there's a wino on the street with a perfect out-of-bounds play. He'll listen to anybody. And I think we grew up under that burden." Boston Globe
When asked about the post-Duncan and Popovich era, Buford said, "It will be numbing and challenging. Those are the people whom we've come to work with and battle with." The course of the organization changed in 1997 when the Spurs, with the fourth-best chance to win the draft lottery, cruised past the Celtics and landed Duncan with the No. 1 overall pick. "The key has been getting Tim Duncan in the lottery and that didn't have a damn thing to do with where we were scouting," Buford said. "That rock was already turned over. Things changed in '87 when David [Robinson] was drafted." Boston Globe
Popovich was acutely aware the Spurs needed to retool around their other tower, the dominant Duncan. But he didn't think Parker was the answer. Parker had already worked out for the Spurs, jet-lagged and tired after arriving from France. Popovich dismissed the workout and the player, labeling Parker soft and "just another little skinny guy." R.C. Buford, Popovich's assistant general manager, had watched Parker in Indianapolis. The Americans could not bottle him up. Grantland
Buford asked Sam Presti, then a front-office intern, to compile a video of Parker's highlights. After Buford's insistence, Popovich finally relented and watched. Popovich gave Parker another shot, bringing him in for one workout — this one ended prematurely. This time, he'd seen enough. Popovich was convinced. Grantland
"I thought that Jason Kidd being there, being the mentally tough person that he is and with his skills, would be the greatest education for Tony Parker," Popovich told the New York Times. "And Tony can go play the 2; he was a scoring guard, anyway. As Jason gets older, let him move over to the 2; let Tony take 1. Brilliant, brilliant. Let's go get this thing done." "Tony did not love that idea at all," he said. "We still tried to do it. And Jason didn't come." Grantland
"It was hard for all of us, but Pop in particular," Buford told Yahoo Sports late Sunday, late in the Spurs dynasty, late in one of the greatest stories basketball has ever witnessed. Five championships now, and Buford confessed he had never been so moved, so overwhelmed, so fulfilled. The Spurs won this championship going away, four games to one over the two-time defending champion Heat, and yet they had never been so driven to exhaustion, so spiritually spent in the pursuit of redemption. Yahoo! Sports
"We had to get over it," Buford said. "It wasn't going away until we looked it in the eye and recognized what we had to do – Pop and me included. We wanted to help pull Tim and Manu and Tony across the finish line one more time, for everything they had done and sacrificed and committed here. We were 30 seconds away. And we didn't do it. "I think we all wondered if we could get over it – until we got to training camp. Pop turned on, and challenged the mentality of our group and we faced the reality of last year. We faced the reality of the mistakes that we made; the things that didn't allow us to finish the job. Pop didn't let anybody hide from it. We all recognized that we could've been better, that we would have to be better. "And then, from there, he proceeded to build this team up. He rebuilt the habits so that this wouldn't happen again." Yahoo! Sports
During the presentation of the Larry O'Brien trophy, the under-the-radar owner in typical fashion quickly turned the spotlight away from himself to coach Gregg Popovich and general manager R.C. Buford. "They say that success starts at the top," ABC's Stuart Scott said to Holt. "If that's the truth, what's your secret?" "My secret," Holt said, "is these guys behind me: coach Pop and R.C. Buford. That's my secret. It doesn't start at the top; it starts with them." San Antonio Express-News
Dan McCarney: R.C. on Duncan's status: "I don't see any reason, watching him play, why he can't continue to be a great player. He'll make that decision." Twitter @danmccarneysaen
Do you assume they'll both back next season? RC Buford: "I've had nobody tell me anything in regards to whether they are or they aren't. That's not our concern right now." San Antonio Express-News
Was there ever a moment it looked like breaking up the Big Three was the best option? "There were times that other people said we should be breaking it up. But what's the alternative? Our best alternative was to keep the group together. There were some givens. I don't think we were going to trade Tim Duncan, and maybe others. With that being the case, assuming that wasn't going to happen, what were you going to do? Our best solution to to keep the group together, to meet their expectations. I don't think we really worry about anybody else's expectations except our group's, and the commitment we have to them." San Antonio Express-News
Was there someone who saw tape on Kawhi and said, 'We have to have this guy?'" RC Buford: "We don't do this individually. Except for (Sam) Presti picking Parker, this has been a group thing. George was important to our group. From a roster-management standpoint, we felt it was the right thing to do. But we'd be foolish to say we knew Kawhi would be who he is today." San Antonio Express-News
Hill (drafted 26th in 2008 by the Spurs) spent his first three seasons in San Antonio and carved out a significant role. He played well enough that he was seen as a possible replacement for Parker, yet then found himself serving a much different purpose when he netted the Spurs this two-way terror from San Diego State in Leonard. As Buford shared, there was serious concern that stemmed from Popovich on down. "It felt like we were going to get our ass chewed because we just traded the coach's favorite player," Buford said with a laugh. "Tim, Tony and Manu, those guys had a really strong alignment with George. They'd been through a lot together, and there was concern for them, not only that they were losing a great friend but also a great teammate. So the trust that that group allowed us to make that move — because we don't do that without including them. That trust was vital to them saying, 'OK, we don't like this, but we'll frickin' see.' " USA Today Sports
Spurs general manager R.C. Buford on Tuesday denied published reports indicating the Spurs will add highly regarded European coach Ettore Messina to Gregg Popovich's coaching staff. "Is someone leaving our staff that I don't know about?" Buford said when asked about the Messina report. "We have not had one conversation with anyone about a coaching position for next season." San Antonio Express-News
San Antonio Spurs General Manager R.C. Buford was honored Wednesday as the 2013-14 NBA Executive of the Year by the National Basketball Association. Spurs fans know Buford well for the great working relationship he has had with Spurs Coach Gregg Popovich and Chairman and CEO Peter Holt. news4sanantonio.com
Adrian Wojnarowski: Fantastic that Pop has won 3 NBA coach of year awards now, but beyond belief that R.C. Buford's peers have never voted him Exec of Year. Twitter @WojYahooNBA
Any rumor missing? E-mail us at email@example.com.


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If that particularly tall zombie in the photo above looks familiar, he should. It is, in fact, Amir Johnson in his latest and possibly greatest way to try something different in Toronto.
The annual Toronto Zombie Walk celebrated its tenth anniversary this past Saturday, but it was a first for Johnson.
"I had so much fun at Nuit Blanche, the art thing, so I was like, let me try the zombie deal," he said after Sunday's practice. "I was excited to do it and I might have some plans next year to do it again."
Johnson, who said The Walking Dead is his favourite TV show, went full out by hiring a professional makeup artist to spend an hour on a truly authentic undead appearance.
Did the makeup pass the test for the six-foot-nine forward among an expected crowd of over 7,000 wannabe walkers?
"Nobody recognized me," said Johnson. "Maybe two people that kind of recognized me and they were just standing there like 'that's a tall zombie. Wait a minute, are you Amir?' and I'm like 'No, I'm not Amir. Nooooo.' It was pretty awesome."
It's the latest distinctly Torontonian experience for Johnson, who has also attended Caribana, the Canadian National Exhibition and, as mentioned, the night-long outdoor art festival Nuit Blanche in the past year. If he's not trying to get his fans to join him somehow with his Twitter account, Facebook page or his official website, he's creating his own events like his annual 'I Roll With Amir' celebration.
Johnson said he's also got much more to come.
"You've just got to stay tuned. I don't want to give away all the goodies."


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Yacht Club & Suites
For sea lovers, Marina di Scarlino is the perfect destination. Located in the midst of one of the most beautiful regions in Italy, just fifteen minutes from Castiglione della Pescaia and only a short sail from the Tuscan Archipelago, this unique harbor offers a perfect landing in the most fascinating part of the Maremma. Indulge in the pure light and captivating energy as you step off the boat and enter the world of the Resort Baia Scarlino, with its magnificent apartments and marvelous terraces overlooking the sea.
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Cervical Myelopathy
Pronounced: SIR-veh-cal My-eh-LOP-ah-thee
En Español (Spanish Version)Cervical myelopathy is damage to the part of the spinal cord that is in the neck. The cervical spine begins at the base of the skull. It extends to the first seven vertebrae.
Cervical Spine
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Cervical myelopathy is caused by:
- A slipped disk
- Cervical disks that are worn, known as degeneration
- Tumors inside the spinal cord or compressing on the spinal cord
- Bone spurs
- Dislocation or fracture of the neck
- Traumatic injury to the cervical spine
- Autoimmune disease, such as transverse myelitis, multiple sclerosis, or neuromyelitis optica
Last reviewedDecember 2014by Rimas Lukas, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.


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Join Roger & Bernadette for a tour to Medora, ND and Rapid City and Deadwood, SD. The tour also includes dances in Bismarck, ND and dancing at the Black Hills Festival.
Here is a link to a flyer for the tour TOUR FLYER
Please let us know if you have any questions.
We look forward to having you join us.
Roger & Bernadette


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XUS PC Lock Ultimate Edition v3.3.61 (x86/x64) | 2.8 MB
XUS PC Lock offers a unused and fun way for you to tuft your computer. Before using XUS PC Lock, you hold to define your lock pattern. The next time you will see the lock screen, You trace your mouse in the specimen you drew before and your computer self-reliance unlock. Any other pattern and in ~ one other order will not unlock the computer. XUS PC Lock be able to lock the whole computer. This is the greatest part feature rich lock computer application suitable today with lots of customization options.


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Feb. 14 at 11:33pm
In my earlier post on forgiveness, an interesting tangential point arose in discussion about the (possible) nature of "forgiving oneself" or "self-forgiveness." Some would deny such a thing is even possible, others would say it has a meaning, though only derivative or secondary. Herewith, a further attempt to sort out a few thoughts on the topic.
It might seem at first glance that "self-forgiveness" is a dangerous concept. Why? First, is it not substituting a relation to self for what is by its very nature an interpersonal act? Does this not imply an encapsulating self-centeredness? Second, don't we have to ask for forgiveness and be forgiven by the one we have wronged? Otherwise, are we not skipping the most essential dimension of the act? Thirdly, is this not just giving ourselves an easy way out, setting things "in order" for ourselves without reference to the offended one? Fourthly, since it is ultimately God Whom we have offended in all sin, are we not putting ourselves in the place of God Himself when we vainly try to forgive ourselves? Who would presume such arrogance?
This is the negative side. Now, what might be said in defense of this concept? Can any answer be given to the above objections? Initially, it must be acknowledged that "forgiving oneself" is at least an awkward term, and must be regarded as derivative from the full interpersonal meaning of forgiveness. Nonetheless, I think we can make some sense out of it. But in what contexts? Well, first in reference to God and second in reference to man.
In reference to God always (and secondarily in reference to a fellow human being who genuinely forgives the offender), "forgiving oneself" might be understood as having a derivative meaning relative to accepting or subjectively appropriating God's (or the other's) forgiveness. However, in reference to some men (this would never hold for God), "self-forgiveness" may involve the problem of how to proceed when the other steadfastly refuses to forgive, even if the offended one ought to do so.
In other words, in the first case, someone may know by faith that God's mercy is endless, his love constant, his forgiveness assured—that he is in fact forgiven by God; but, he may refuse or be unable to accept or acknowledge this forgiveness concretely or existentially in his own life, his own self-understanding, his own consciousness. Why? He may think he is simply unworthy of any forgiveness, even God's, because what he did was so heinous. So he can't accept himself as lovable because of what he did; he can't accept the reestablishment of the love relationship, he can't accept mercy. Thus, he needs to allow himself to be forgiven, to see himself as forgivable, and this requires in some sense that he forgive himself—accept himself as potentially forgivable even with the fault. Alternatively, he can wallow in self-pity, self-condemnation, and despair. This is one of the types of despair Kierkegaard outlines in The Sickness Unto Death, a despair of not-willing-to-be-oneself because of a fault or weakness in the self. One hates the self because of its lack of perfection.
To break out of such a trap, one has to admit the fault, admit that it is truly his, admit that he really did x (whatever horrible thing it was), and that it is now part of what he has done with himself, yet that self does not thereby become worthless. So, "forgiving oneself" here is not easy, is not an excuse, is not merely self-centered or self-encapsulating, and is not substituting the self for God; rather, it is preparing the way for asking and accepting the forgiveness of the other, for breaking out of a downward spiral of despair and self-condemnation.
This is even more crucial in the second case, when a human person refuses to forgive but rather continues to condemn, reject, hold a grudge, wants punishment, revenge, wants to cause pain, or wants to keep the offender miserable precisely by refusing to forgive. It was pointed out in the comments to the earlier post that the offended one cannot allow himself to become the victim of the offender:
one places the victim way too much at the mercy of the culprit, making it hard for her to recover from the injury and move on with her life. It is difficult enough, this student argued, for the victim to get to a place where she can genuinely forgive her wrongdoer. It is both cruel and unjust to also hold her responsible for the culprit's unwillingness or inability to properly receive the forgiveness.
But I would submit that this also holds true in relation to the offender, the culprit; he cannot allow himself to be made the perpetual, endless victim of the one he has offended, just because the other refuses to forgive and doesn't ever want to let him get on with his life or move on from his misery over the offense. Thus the one who has committed the offense and truly needs forgiveness (but it is refused) may have to come to some accommodation on his own, "self-forgiveness" (again only a partial or derivative concept), rather than be stuck in such a fruitless, grudge-filled relationship.
Two further points, briefly, which (again in a secondary meaning) may make some sense out of "forgiving oneself." First, a sin against God and against another human being is also an act of abuse against oneself, no? We damage and "uglify" the good that we are, the good that God means us to be, we betray ourselves. So, we must ask God for forgiveness and the other whom we wronged for forgiveness. But, as part of all this, must we not also forgive ourselves for the damage we have done to our own being? Just as there can be some sense to self-love, though love itself is essentially interpersonal, I think there is a parallel here with forgiveness.
Second, one might object, is this Christian or just modern psycho-babble even if some of it sounds plausible? "Self-forgiveness" doesn't seem to show up in the Bible, for instance. In reply, I would agree that it is ultimately casting oneself into the arms of Christ crucified in faith, hope, and charity which is certainly at the heart of Christian teaching on the subject. This is what saves us from despair and makes us realize that we are forgivable and still lovable. Yet, when we are told to forgive one another as God has forgiven us, does that phrase "one another" not also include oneself? I have read that the Greek root here (Heautou, using our alphabet) refers not only to others but also includes ourselves. This opens up a further dimension of meaning in Colossians 3:13:
bearing with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive.
However, I am neither a Greek scholar nor a biblical scholar, so I am not really arguing from authority here, but am simply offering some philosophical speculations about possible meaningful interpretations of the notion of "self-forgiveness."
Great post! And I agree with you that the point I made in the earlier comment also applies to the offender. Neither the victim, nor the culprit, should allow themselves to be held hostage by the other.
#1 - Feb. 15 at 8:15pm | quote
Thanks, Michael. I like especially the point that we do ourselves an injury when we commit a wrong against someone else, for which, in a way, we have to forgive ourselves.
I would like to stress again, though, that I think the way "self-forgiveness" is popularly understood, even in Christian circles, is part of a larger view of forgiveness that is poor and weak and thoroughly inadequate both to the mystery of iniquity and the nature and dignity of persons.
I'm thinking of a book on my shelves by a Catholic priest with a "forgiveness ministry", for instance, that stresses the need to forgive ourselves as well as the need to "forgive God." If memory serves, he has a whole chapter on forgiving God. In his account, the objective wrong in question is almost irrelevant. I'll have to look it up and maybe make a whole post.
#2 - Feb. 16 at 8:45am | quote
Yes, what you describe is stretching "forgiveness" beyond all bounds. I did have a friend in grad school who was filled with resentment and anger against God due to certain crosses in his life. He claimed he refused to
"forgive" God for these things. However, in accepting crosses and in overcoming anger and resentment (which we are ultimately call to do), what we have to realize is that the latter are themselves also sins (against an all-loving and all-merciful God) in further need of forgiveness. Perhaps your "forgiveness ministry" priest is (at best) trying to start "where the counselee is,"--even with his (objectively misguided) language--in order to guide him toward a deeper understanding. Let's hope so.
#3 - Feb. 16 at 6:52pm | quote
Hello, Dr. Healy: Your post brought a couple of thoughts to mind. In the first instance, I latched on to the need to accept the forgiveness offered by God (in the sacramental context) - and to activate the personal responsibility inherent in repairing - as far as possible the breach between me and the individual/community concerned. (For me, this is part of the "firm purpose of amendment" involved in obtaining absolution.)
Further, the notion of "forgiving God" may well stem from a misperception of God as having "abandoned" one to cope with the unfolding of circumstances beyond one's comprehension/control. A willingness to express one's anguish can often be a powerful antidote to a toxic brew of anger and resentment. Job's example is salutary, from time to time.
"Forgiving" self may well entail not merely excusing certain attitudes/behavior but being willing to accept the reality of one's situation squarely and inviting God in 'freely and without purpose of evasion' to work as He will for us, with us and in us.
#4 - Feb. 17 at 8:31pm | quote
Hermitess21C, Feb. 17 at 8:31pm
Further, the notion of "forgiving God" may well stem from a misperception of God as having "abandoned" one to cope with the unfolding of circumstances beyond one's comprehension/control.
That's an interesting perspective. And no doubt true from a psychological point of view.
But I can't reconcile it in my mind with my complete conviction that God is all holy, all powerful, and holding us in His love every moment of our lives.
#5 - Feb. 17 at 11:49pm | quote
Well put: "First, a sin against God and against another human being is also an act of abuse against oneself, no? We damage and "uglify" the good that we are, the good that God means us to be, we betray ourselves. So, we must ask God for forgiveness and the other whom we wronged for forgiveness. But, as part of all this, must we not also forgive ourselves for the damage we have done to our own being?" I think this point begins to relate to the sense in which we allow the working of God's free gift of grace in His forgiveness of our transgrassions as penitents in our free participation in the entire sacrament through penance and final reconciliation.
#6 - Feb. 19 at 7:25pm | quote
Katie: this was *indeed* written from "a psychological point of view" - that of my 12-year-old self enduring 2 years of ill-conceived surgical interventions performed by a surgeon who said to my mother (in my presence) "If you do this, I'll have her walking within a year." Since I'm now 54 and use a power wheelchair for mobility, that didn't happen. ("Man proposes, God disposes", I know.) But the wound of my perceived "abandonment" by God needed tending by my growing understanding that God had not done any such thing; thus, I needed to relinquish the adolescent sense of being forsaken: to "forgive" God...In my prior chaplaincy work with persons who were newly physically disabled, this was often a very important step. Gregory: I agree wholeheartedly! I suppose I approached the question from an undoubtably personal perspective.
#7 - Feb. 19 at 8:42pm | quote
Hermitess21C, Feb. 19 at 8:42pm
But the wound of my perceived "abandonment" by God needed tending by my growing understanding that God had not done any such thing; thus, I needed to relinquish the adolescent sense of being forsaken: to "forgive" God...
This is very helpful and thought-provoking, Hermitess. Thank you.
I can't find that book on forgiveness that I found so objectionable. I'll keep looking. This is an important issue.
#8 - Feb. 20 at 11:10am | quote
And Hermitess21C, I undoubtedly approached the entire topic form a point of view that tended toward the opposite end of the spectrum. Long ago, I struggled with the idea of "self-forgiveness" because I unwittingly (for a time) made it a pre-condition of my approaching Christ for His forgiveness--i.e., I attempted through my own strength to be worthy of the graces freely offered. This is a disaster and rooted in pride (I think): it leaves me fully in charge of the conditions under which my peculiar failings are to be forgiven--and makes of me a Faust who would rather retain control over my own petty fiefdom then give up my power and enter the Kingdom through an accepting act of humility.
#9 - Feb. 20 at 11:16am | quote
Here's another way of expressing my problem.
It seems to me that "forgiveness teachings" have been become excessively psychologized. Pasters and teachers are tending to address "forgivenesss issues" exclusively as a condition in the spiritual patient, without regard for objective reality.
Whether the wrong in question was real or imagined, big or small, intentionally caused or accidental, is seen as irrelevant. All that matters is that you feel like you were wronged. That's enough to establish that you need to forgive.
This seeems to me a disastrous approach to the spiritual truth of forgiveness, even if it can have some genuine psychological benefits. But I need to develop my thoughts in a longer post.
#10 - Feb. 20 at 12:09pm | quote
To Hermitess21C, Katie, and Gregory:
All very interesting perspectives, each with some validity. We seem to be learning from one another, compared to our starting points!
#11 - Feb. 20 at 4:25pm | quote
A budding homonoia methinks, Dr. Healy. And the reason for the Personalist Project, no? Like-mindedness forged (gently, as it were) through the hard process of criticism and real disagreement. Well. I'm for that. God Bless~
#12 - Feb. 20 at 10:45pm | quote
If I may still comment on this thread, first, let me say to Hermitess21C how sorry I am for your pain, physical and emotional, and for your doctor not being able to affect positive change for you. That truly is a loss which, it seems to me, you have very courageously and gracefully survived.
As to the point of forgiving oneself and if that is even possible, I would like to add two spins on this theme I have not seen here (and, like Gregory, I am liking the give and take on this one).
One potentially useful form of 'forgiving oneself' is not feeling guilty when you have to do something necessary but unpleasant. For example, say a family member has an addiction or other problem that needs to be addressed, even forcibly, in order for that person to get help. In pointing out the wrong (alcoholism, drug addiction, abuse, etc) you may receive (very) negative comments or feedback from the dependent person - he or she may attack you verbally, demanding you take back your words, even demanding you apologize for bringing this situation to light. But here it would be inappropriate to apologize, or back down.
#13 - Feb. 21 at 3:09pm | quote
In that case, you may feel the need to 'forgive' yourself for doing something painful that is, nonetheless, needful.
My second point certainly exposes me to potential ridicule, but I offer it for what it is worth. When I was younger, I thought I had commited 'a big sin' (looking back now, I can hardly see the harm in it; but I was more dramatic then). I couldn't get over it - how many times I confessed that sin I cannot now remember - but my point is, I was not sorry for it because of God's 'just punishments', or even 'because they offend Thee my God, Who art all Good and derving of all my love'; I was sorry for it because I saw myself as so angelically good that this one spot tortured me - I was like the mad scientist in Hawthorne's The Birthmark, who kills his otherwise beautiful wife in an attempt to remove one cosmetic imperfection. I certainly was not (am not) perfect. And this sin was what it was. But I needed to 'forgive myself,' if you will allow the phrase, precisely because I was not perfect - no one is. Hard lesson learned.
#14 - Feb. 21 at 3:22pm | quote
Teresa: Thank you for your kind words - and your very perceptive thoughts re: resistance to the reality of one's "creatureliness" to a certain extent, one's imperfection;a most necessary but often absent balance between acceptance and acquisence.
Gregory: Thank you for enlarging on the context of your post! Pride, in its many guises, bewitches us and robs us of the strength that is at its best in weakness.
Katie: I couldn't agree more that the "forgiveness issues" approach is pernicious; it smacks of a sort of blanket amnesty wherein *everything* is forgiven and *nothing* is forgiven simultaneously. I got a bellyful of 'non-judgmental' Carl Rogers technique in my 1970s undergrad psych degree...Such 'acceptance', it still seems to me, violates the subjectivity and uniqueness of he person while it denies him/her the dignity of taking responsibility for his/her own actions - to the fullest extent possible.
(I'll be *here* during Lent, while 'abstaining' from several other favorite spots on the 'Net...Thanks for the refreshment and spiritual/mental exercise to all!)
#15 - Feb. 22 at 12:08am | quote
Hermitess21C, Feb. 22 at 12:08am
I'll be *here* during Lent!
We'll do our best to make it a real penance!
#16 - Feb. 22 at 7:12am | quote
Only Jules has the ability to make me laugh out loud when I am reading comments on my phone in an environment where it is absolutely essential I remain silent!
#17 - Feb. 22 at 8:47am | quote
Thank you, Jules! (I think...) Teresa, I agree completely!
#18 - Feb. 22 at 4:07pm | quote


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About This Site
The Author
The author of this site is Michael Reichmann a widely published photographer, author, and a photographic educator for much of the past 35 years.
This Site's Purpose
This web site has one primary goal to provide photographers with a place where they can immerse themselves in the art and technology of photography. It consists of some 1,500 pages of tutorials, equipment tests, location reports, technical papers and portfolios, as well as regular columns by well respected and knowledgeable authors.
This is a completely non-commercial site. No sponsors no hidden relationships. Every product tested and reviewed has either been purchased by us or has been loaned by the manufacturer for review with no strings attached.
I review what interests me and what fits into my photographic arsenal. If I haven't reviewed something that you're interested in it's because either I haven't gotten to it yet, I don't need it, or I don't like it.
Am I biased? You bet! I have strong feelings about photography and photographic equipment. But, these biases have their basis in some 35+ years of involvement in photography.
Regarding Digital Imaging
After some 30 years using, writing about and teaching traditional B&W and colour darkroom techniques, in the mid-90s I made the transition to the desktop darkroom. I found that a high quality film scanner, computer, Photoshop and inkjet printer allows me to produce much higher quality prints for sale and exhibition than could ever be produced in the chemical darkroom. Versatility, flexibility and freedom from the dark, smelly and sometimes toxic confines of the chemical darkroom were other factors.
Was this completely true in 1995? No, but I saw the potential. As the years passed the rate of progress in digital image processing has been astonishing and now, in the early 2000s, it most definitely is the case.
I still mostly shoot film though usually medium format for landscape and nature work. I use 35mm for wildlife and street and travel photography. I greatly enjoy using digital SLRs but still find that medium format film has the edge in image quality, though digital is closing in fast.
The Luminous Landscape Video Journal
In the summer of 2001, along with professional film and video maker Chris Sanderson, I began publication of The Luminous Landscape Video Journal. Published every three months, the Journal is the world's only DVD-based "video magazine". Each issue contains up to 90 minutes of product reviews, tutorials, travel segments and interviews with famous photographers. The DVD will play on vurtually every PC, Mac or set-top DVD player anywhere in the world.
If you are passionate about photography then I urge you to find out more about this exciting, entertaining and valuable photographic resource.
Viewing This Site
This site, and in particular the larger linked photographs, will be best displayed on a Cable or DSL connection with a 1280 X 1024, 24 bit display. On a 1024 X 768 (XGA) screen some of the larger photographs will need to be scrolled. Otherwise the site will display acceptably on a 800 X 600 (SVGA) 16 bit screen. Most images on the site are small enough to load reasonably quickly, even on a slow web connection. The larger linked images will of course display slowly on a slow dial-up connection.
Most outlined photographs are linked to larger, full-screen versions. This is one of the only fine-art photography sites on the web where photographs may be viewed at more than postage stamp size.
After viewing a large photograph return to the section that you have been reading by using your browser's BACK button. This is because the smaller images sometimes appear in several different places on the site but are all linked to the same large version.
About Browsers, Fonts and Colours
The site's colours and fonts have been carefully checked on both PCs and Macs, and display well on both. Some users may find though that some of the site's fonts and colours do not display satisfactorily in their browser. Please be aware that by changing settings in your browser you can change things like fonts sizes and colours to your personal preference. Each browser, and browser version, does this differently, but the Options setting shouldn't be too hard to find.
"Available" and "Visited" link colour is also a user definable parameter.
Site Redesign
After three years of tremendous growth, by the Summer of 2002 this site was desperately in need of a redesign. It had grown from a spot where I could reprint some of the articles and reviews that I had written for various photographic magazines over the years, to become a full-fledged magazine in its own right.
At that point the site hade grown to more than 5,000 files and nearly 1,500 articles. Finding specific content was a challenge, even for me. Also, the "look" had become a bit stale and it was time for a face-lift.
I secured the services of web site designer Neil Cowley, and the current site design is the result. Neil is talented photographer as well as web designer, and so he was sensitive to the concerns that I had about both ease of navigation as well as the look and feel of the site.
If you are a photographer or other visual arts professional looking for a site designer I can highly recommend Neil.
Mac Users
Mac users should note that though I mostly do my Photoshop work on a Mac, this site is maintained with a PC and therefore for the photographs to display with the proper contrast and brightness you should adjust your display to gamma 2.2 rather than gamma 1.8.
AOL Alert
Some readers connecting via AOL have complained of poor image quality when using the AOL web browser. This is caused by a setting called "compress images" in the browser that causes it to corrupt pictures in the interest of faster transmission. You should turn this setting OFF when viewing this site.
To solve this problem open your "My AOL" preferences screen on the toolbar. Click on the WWW icon and selected the "Web Graphics" tab and uncheck "Compressed Graphics". Click on the Apply button.
Calibrating your Monitor
To enjoy the images on this site use the wedge below to adjust your monitor's brightness and contrast controls so that each of the 12 steps from white to black is distinctly visible. (This is not possible on a 16 colour low-res screen.)
If you do any digital image processing and would like to learn more about how to properly calibrate your whole system, from scanner to printer, you should read the article on Colour System Calibration.
Spelling? Just a note that as a Canadian I learned to spell using British practice; i.e. colour rather than color. In some cases though I use the American norm of style or expression simply because it seems more natural. I suppose that makes this a transatlantic site which is what Canada is all about. Eh?
Print Sales
All images displayed on these pages are now available for sale as archival quality fine-art prints. For details and pricing information please click HERE.
Copyright Information
All text and photographs on this site (unless otherwise indicated) are © Copyright 1993-2002 by Michael H. Reichmann.


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Brand new 27x40 inch original US One Sheet movie poster of Live Wire featuring Pierce Brosnan and Ben Cross
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Training Your Pug
What is it like to train a pug dog?
Challenging. Pugs are sweet, affectionate dogs that are in love with their owners, but it can take a while for them to be trained.
House Training can is important and doesn't happen in an instant. The training requires consistency, vigilance and patience. The good new is that once your pug puppy is house trained accidents are very, very rare.
In addition to house training, your pug needs to know to follow basic commands such as sit, stay and come. Your knew puppy needs help with it's social skills. With time, effort and patience all of this and more can be accomplished.
It is important to decide what level of training is important to your family and it's pug. Sometimes the dog needs to be trained as a competition animal and sometimes the training needs to go only as far as safety and manners.
For more detailed information on training visit the page of the How To Train A Dog website. They have volumes of great information on training your dog and it is liberally laced with common sense and kindness.


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Walter Cronkite (1916-2009)
Broadcast journalist Walter Cronkite served as anchorman on the CBS Evening News for 19 years and an opinion poll once named him "the most trusted man in America." Known for his early interest in the U.S. Space program and for his coverage of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, you can read more about Cronkite's career in Wikipedia. Cronkite hosted and/or narrated a number of nonfiction shows which are owned by the Library and listed below.
The Dream Is Alive. Not rated. 1985. DVD 629.45 D
Heroes of World War II. Not rated. 2003. DVD 940.541273 H
Legacy of War. Not rated. 2008. DVD 940.55 L
Man on the Moon. Not rated. 1965. DVD 629.454 M
SOS Planet. Not rated. 2002. DVD 363.7 S
World War II with Walter Cronkite. Not rated. 1982. DVD 940.53 W
You Are There (Set 1). Not rated. 1955.
Ancient Greece (set 1, vol.1). DVD 909 Y
Discovery and Mutiny (set 1, vol. 2). DVD 909 Y
The American Revolution Prepares (set 1, vol. 3). DVD 909 Y
The American Revolution and George Washington (set 1, vol. 4). DVD 909 Y
Jefferson Makes a Difference (set 1, vol. 5). DVD 909 Y
America Grows Up (set 1, vol. 6). DVD 909 Y
You Are There (Set 2). Not rated. 1955.
Abraham Lincoln's Great Moments (set 2, vol.1). DVD 909 Y
Tragedy and Promise (set 2, vol. 2). DVD 909 Y
The Outlaws (set 2, vol. 3). DVD 909 Y
Two Dramatic Flights (set 2, vol. 4). DVD 909 Y
World War II Begins (set 2, vol. 5). DVD 909 Y
Invasion (set 2, vol. 6). DVD 909 Y


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We never stop improving and that's why we're successful. See how we're improving facilities, programs, patient safety and patient satisfaction.
We're the most recognized community hospital in the state and it's our people who make us great. See hospital and staff awards.
Winchester Hospital was the first community hospital in the state to achieve Magnet designation, recognition for nursing excellence. Learn why.
Our tremendous staff gives back to our community by coordinating free health screenings, educational programs, and food drives. Learn more.
A leading indicator of our success is the feedback we get from our patients. See what they're saying about their experiences.
Chronic lymphadenitis is inflammation or infection of a lymph node for an extended time. Lymph nodes are part of the immune system. This system fights and prevents infections. The lymph node's job is to filter out unwanted substances, such as bacteria and viruses, and help eliminate them from the body.
Lymph nodes occur in clusters in the neck, armpits, and groin. Chronic lymphadenitis may affect one node, several nodes in one area, or nodes in many areas of the body.
The sooner chronic lymphadenitis is treated, the more favorable the outcome, depending on the cause. If you suspect you have this condition, contact your doctor right away.
Lymph nodes normally swell when fighting off an infection. In cases of more serious infection, the swelling may be prolonged. Lymphadenitis is usually caused by an infection that has spread to the lymph nodes from a skin, ear, nose, or eye infection. Other causes of lymphadenitis include:
Factors that may increase your chance of developing chronic lymphadenitis include:
If you experience any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to chronic lymphadenitis. These symptoms may be caused by other, less serious health conditions.
Symptoms include:
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Your bodily fluids and tissue may be tested. This can be done with:
Images may be taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with ultrasound.
Treatment of chronic lymphadenitis depends on the cause. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include the following:
Hot, moist compresses on the lymph nodes can help relieve pain.
Surgery may be necessary to drain pockets of pus if they occur.
To help reduce your chances of getting chronic lymphadenitis, take the following steps:
Centers for Disease Control and Preventionhttp://www.cdc.gov
National Institutes of Healthhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov
Health Canadahttp://www.hc-sc.gc.ca
Healthy Uhttp://www.healthyalberta.com
Lymphadenopathy. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated November 19, 2012. Accessed April 3, 2013.
Lymphadenitis/lymphadenopathy. Children's Healthcare of Atlanta website. Available at: http://www.choa.org/Menus/Documents/Wellness/teachingsheets/lymphade.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2013.


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ECE 345 Project Ideas
These are just a few of many dozens of ideas, provided courtesy of the Power Area. All of these are of interest and have excellent long-term potential. A few have been attempted in the past but have ample room for improvement. In nearly every case, there is an actual device needed, and a design effort that results in a fully functional unit would be a big bonus! Several categories are provided, in no particular order.
1. Conference-room wireless power.
This project mounts primary magnetic elements in the ceiling of a conference
room, and employs flat secondary magnetics on or under a large conference table
in the room. A driver stage converts conventional ac power to a form
suitable for the primary, while a power electronic circuit converts the output
of the secondary to regulated dc power suitable for charging a laptop computer.
2. Contactless electrical interface.
This project employs a power electronic converter to deliver power to a load
without any electrical contacts, most likely through a magnetic interface.
Power is drawn from a conventional ac source, and can be delivered either in ac
form at 60 Hz or at 48 V dc (the design team can make this choice). It
should be able to deliver up to 500 W.
3. Fuel cell simulation circuit
This is a hardware circuit that acts like a fuel cell
to support testing needs. Fuel cells are similar to batteries but with two
major differences: (a) they tend to have higher series impedance than
batteries, so the voltage source is "softer," and (b) they do not
respond instantly when the external circuit demands more power. The
circuit should be able to simulate a variety of fuel cell connections and power
levels, either through programming or easy-to-swap hardware equivalents.
Both static and dynamic behavior should be included. One specific
example: a hardware circuit that acts like a proton-exchange-membrane
fuel cell, and has a nominal output voltage of 48 V and current of up to 10
A. The circuit would produce the same static V-I curve as an actual fuel
cell stack, and would also show similar time delays during power increases.
4. Human power harvesting
This involves a knee-mount, backpack-mount, or other small magnetic
generator to produce electric energy during typical walking. Energy would
be converted and stored in a rechargeable battery to smooth out the energy flow
rate. The team should study basic design requirements and attempt to
extract energy at the rate of 1 W during walking.
5. Water-driven micro generator
Design an electromechanical device to produce 120 V ac 60 Hz at power levels up
to 100 W for emergency home use. This device is driven by water flow from
a household faucet. The intent is short-term backup power when
electricity is out.
6. Red Sea/Dead Sea hydro and water project
The level of the Dead Sea in
(not affiliated with this work) for some interesting perspectives and
7. Demonstration circuit for blackout mitigation
This project involves building a "local
controller" for a small demonstration power grid to show how severe
conditions that lead to blackout can be avoided in part. The project uses
several different commercial dc power supplies connected to various loads, and
adds an intelligent voltage-sensitive switching system to each. Under
high-stress conditions on the power system (which would be simulated in this
case with hardware), supplies drop out at various steps to gradually reduce
load and allow the system to recover.
8. Atmospheric power scavenger
This device uses ambient radio waves, or the natural
atmospheric dc electric field, to produce low energy levels for remote sensor
applications. The objective is to converter RF energy (such as from the
AM radio band) into a usable 5 V source. Power levels up to 1 uW are desired, but the team
should compute what is feasible in a typical urban environment.
9. High-performance backup ac power.
This project is intended to design a high performance "off line"
backup power unit suitable for maintaining power for a small motor. The
unit monitors the power line. If line power is lost, it switches to a
battery-powered inverter within less than 0.1 s. The inverter output must
be fully synchronized to the line so that there is limited inrush current when
the switching takes place. When line power is restored, the unit should
wait at least 10 s, re-synchronize, then switch back
over to line power. The battery recharge process is managed as well.
10. Microcontroller-based power converter
This project involves the use of mixed-signal
controllers (such as a PIC or MSP430 series device) for operation and control of dc-dc
converters. A complete high-performance closed-loop switching dc-dc converter,
with tight (adjustable) output voltage regulation and pulse-by-pulse current
limiting is to be implemented in this fashion. The team can select to design a
lab power supply substitute with this technique (for output ranges of 0-50 V,
0-20 A, 0-500 W) or can select another voltage/current/power range with a
specific application in mind. The microcontroller should be used for the active
closed-loop control, and should support tuning of loops to allow performance to
be adjusted.
11. Isolated variable-rate data logger
This project is to design a combined hardware and
software approach that would use a PC to record circuit data. All
channels must be fully isolated, from ground and from each other. Each
channel should allow sensing of a voltage from -30 V to + 30 V, with isolation
levels of at least 500 V and accuracy of +/- 10 mV. The system should
record up to 32 separate channels, at a rate that can be adjusted from 1 kHz to
once per hour. Data should be recorded and logged in a form suitable for
spreadsheet analysis.
12. Simple long-term data logger
This project seeks to use a desktop PC for a low-cost long-term one-channel data
recording device. The team should choose one conventional computer port
that is likely to be open (serial port, USB port, audio MIC input, etc.), and
develop a circuit interface that allows a single 0-5 V signal to be sensed via
that port. Software should record the data to a web page and to a file
suitable for spreadsheet analysis. Recording intervals should be
adjustable over a range from about 0.1 s to 1 hr.
13. Building power quality monitor
This project monitors the voltage at an ac
outlet in a building, and records the time and nature of any disturbances or
failures. It should record actual waveform data for at least 20 ms before
and after a disturbance. It should respond to voltage changes larger than
5%, to power failures, or to the presence of unusually high harmonic
content. The device should be able to monitor and record, unattended,
over an interval of at least 30 days, with data to be downloaded via the web
for additional processing. Under blackout conditions, it should be able
to retain data indefinitely, although operation is allowed to cease after a
blackout occurs.
14. High-quality low-loss low-cost dc motor speed control
This would use a buck converter, in combination with
an encoder or tachometer, and feedback control, to produce a motor system that
runs at an adjustable speed for an electric golf bag cart application.
This is a 12 V application that draws currents from 0 to 50 A. The controller
must be at least 90% efficient for motor loads in the range of 50 to 150
W. It must be able to deliver 150 W continuously, 250 W for at least one
minute, and should deliver up to 50 A at 10 V or more for at least 5 seconds
without damage. If it is overloaded for a longer period, it should shut
off automatically and require a reset by the user. Speed regulation
allows a speed decrease of up to 10% for a load change of 0 to 150 W.
Total parts cost (based on high production quantities) not to exceed $12 (includes
all electronics and boards but not the motor itself).
15. Wireless remote motor controller
This would be a buck converter with an adjustable
speed range of 0 to 100%, with a simple wireless remote based on infrared or RF
technology. The controller must be simple: start, stop, accelerate,
decelerate, and must be convenient to use and easy to learn. Ideally, it
sends a single that can be used in conjunction with the immediately preceding
motor control project. An alternative would control a pair of motors, to
support steering. This would be the basis for a very efficient robot or
wireless car.
16. Hand crank quick-charge temporary cell phone energy source
This is an energy backup that provides enough power
for a 5-minute cell phone call, but can be recharged in a few moments just
before use. This might involve a small hand-crank generator and an
ultracapacitor. It would need to deliver 3.3 V and 3 W for up to 5
minutes, with less than 1 minute of cranking effort.
17. Computer load enhancer.
In many primary and secondary schools, small businesses, and rural areas,
electrical service is limited in its ability to handle extensive
low-power-factor loads such as personal computers. In a typical
situation, only two computers can be supplied from a single 15 A circuit.
In older buildings, it can be prohibitively expensive to upgrade the electrical
service for expansion of computer labs, library computers, or even office
support equipment. The objective of this project is to design and build a
low-cost "power factor improvement interface" that would allow a
school or other user to expand computer usage without electrical service
upgrades. The interface reduces the current required to operate a
computer. With such an interface, as many as four high-end PCs can be supplied
from one 15 A circuit. Specifications: provide a 120 V ac output
to supply a computer and monitor, with power up to 400 W and complex power up
to 800 VA. The efficiency should be at least 90%, and the power factor
seen at the input should be at least 90%, for loads between 100 W and 400 W.
(This project has been attempted previously, but most aspects are still
18. Automobile manual transmission gear indicator
The objective is to build a sensor and processor that provides both a display
indication of gear setting for a car with manual transmission and extra
diagnostics for purposes of control. A dashboard LED display should show
the gear setting, including neutral and reverse, for a conventional 5-speed
gearbox. The internal digital signals should read out not only the gear
position, but also additional positions that anticipate the next gear setting.
19. Multi-output regulated power supply with wide input range.
The objective here is to make a small, lightweight "project supply"
that would be suitable for use in ECE345, ECE 110, or other general-purpose lab
courses. The input could be any ac voltage from 100 V to 240 V ac. Outputs
would be provided at +5V, +12 V, -5 V, -12V, and perhaps one other voltage.
Each would be independently adjustable (over a range of 3 V to 6 V for the 5 V
outputs, and a range of 10 V to 16 V for the 12 V outputs), and each would be
isolated both from the others and from the input. Minimum supply level
would be at least 2 A from each output, with short-circuit protection. A
desired extra feature is an adjustable current limit for each output.
20. Automotive icing preventer.
This project seeks to construct a folding panel that resembles a sunshade but
functions to help avoid ice accumulation on car windows. The panel must
include three functions: (a) heating resistors with a variable driver that
can be adjusted for 30 W to 200 W total power, (b) temperature and humidity
sensors that are used to keep the power off unless it is needed, and (c) a
supervisory processor that operates the device and monitors the car battery to
prevent excessive discharge. The project has industrial support for costs
and potential patents.
21. Low-cost automotive interface for laptop computer
This project aims to develop a dc-dc power converter
with the following capability: Input range is 10 V to 20 V dc. No
damage if the input is negative (connected backwards) or if short voltage
spikes up to 75 V are imposed. Output is 16 V dc +/- 2%. Load power
range is 0 to 50 W. Electrical isolation is required between input and
output. Miniaturization is important. The total parts cost should
not exceed $10.
22. Power interface for 42 V automotive electrical systems with
external network control.
Some automobiles are transitioning to a 42 V electrical system, but many
12 V parts are still used. The objective is to design and build an
efficient but very inexpensive power electronic converter for 42 V to 12 V, to
serve older parts of the system. Cost is the biggest issue, followed by
size. Specifications: Input range is +30V to +60V dc. Output
should be +12 V minimum and +14 V maximum, with good control capability, and
maximum output power up to 100 W. Isolation is not required. Total volume not to exceed 150 cm^3. Total parts cost
(based on high-volume production) not to exceed $10. The converter
should be capable of remote control through a shared RS-232 or other standard
serial port and protocol. The converter should respond to commands only
when it receives an identifying string, then turn on
or off as requested. It must be demonstrated with a 12 V headlight or
other power-consuming vehicle component.
23. Intelligent battery charger
This is an adjustable circuit that can be set to
charge any of several types of batteries with high quality and high
reliability. The charger must provide both output current and voltage
limits that are set for specific battery types. The voltage limits must
compensate for measured temperature, according to published battery
characteristics. The charger must display status, shut off automatically when
finished, and intelligently charge old or otherwise damaged batteries.
Example mode: normal car battery charging -- current limit of 10 A,
voltage limit of 14.7 V, shuts off when current goes below 0.1 A. Example
mode: 8-cell nicad
charger -- current limit of 3 A, voltage limit of 12.8 V, shuts off when output
voltage begins to fall and temperature begins to increase.
24. Intelligent computer supply dc backup.
Most computer power supplies use forward converter or flyback converter
designs. The ac input is rectified into a dc bus at perhaps 300-400V. In this
project, we make use of this for the design of backup power. A standard 12 V
battery and a boost (or flyback) converter are used to produce about 300 V
(isolated). This is connected through a diode directly to the PC supply dc bus.
If ac power is lost, the battery backup picks up instantly. A software
signal would also be sent to a serial or USB port to initiate orderly
shutdown. The unit must also provide power suitable for a monitor, so that
a computer operated with this backup system can work without interruption
during brief power outages. (This project has been attempted in the past, but
with only a portion of the features addressed.)
25. Low-voltage power.
Design and demonstrate a converter with 1 V, 70 A output
from a single +12 V or +5 V input. This is intended to provide clean power for
future microcomputers. The output ripple, noise, and variation should not
exceed +/- 2% peak-to-peak.
26. Network power for automobiles
Automobiles contain complicated wire harnesses. In place of this
complexity, manufacturers are trying to move to a "one power one
communication" arrangement in which all control and conversion is
local. This project involves the design of a multiple-output power supply
that can handle an input range of about +8V to +60 V, and produce regulated +12
V for local loads in a car. In addition, the supply would have an isolated
serial "control" input, so that a central network can turn each
output on or off independently over a single pair of network wires. The
project should demonstrate a supply with a single power input and a single
control input that could operate up to 5 separate 12 V loads. An example
would be a "left-front lighting" controller for a car's left headlights,
high-beams, turn signals, running lights, and other forward external
lights. The design requires two outputs of up to 50 W each and the rest
able to supply up to 20 W. The control should use a standard CAN-bus
27. Comparative motor design
The objective is to begin with a small commercial ac
induction motor (1/3 HP to 2/3 HP) and design two improved rotor configurations
that support comparative analysis in the lab. One rotor would be based on
the commercial product, but would increase the amount of aluminum in the
conductor bars to improve efficiency. The second would use copper in
place of aluminum. The student team should develop analyze the designs,
arrange for rotor fabrication, and then test all three rotors for dynamic and
steady-state performance.
28. 30 V ac motor
The objective is to design, build, and test a small motor that could be used to
replace small dc motors in a range of applications. The motor should
provide shaft output power of up to 60 W continuously. Motors of this
type will become common in automotive applications. They would run from
an inverter that generates three-phase power from a 48 V dc source (producing
about 30 V rms). The motor rated operating
frequency is not specified, and can be selected by the team as any value
between 50 Hz and 400 Hz.
29. Alternative energy demonstration tools
The purpose of this project is to create power converters and energy sources to
illustrate a variety of functions, to help show the principles of power
electronics and alternative energy to beginning electrical engineering
students. An appropriate converter might draw power from a nominal 18 V
solar panel or from a generator on a small windmill, and deliver isolated power
at 4.5 V (for a CD player), 5 V (for logic circuits), 12 V (for various
portable devices), and perhaps at 120 V ac to illustrate power flow from these
sources. Educational displays and user interfaces are expected. The
unit should be fully packaged and integrated in a manner suitable for permanent
30. Wind power demonstrator
This project seeks to build a fully functioning scale model of a modern wind
turbine (1 MW or larger). The team should design blades and determine
scaling rules and air flow rates needed to operate the unit. The team
should locate or build a suitable permanent-magnet generator, then design and
build the power electronics necessary to deliver useful electrical output power.
The actual demonstration power level should be at least 250 W.
31. Micro fuel cell converter
Miniature fuel cells can deliver up to 60 mW at about 0.5 to 0.7 V. The project objective is to
build a power converter that takes this input and delivers 3 V dc to provide a
battery substitute for a PDA or iPod. The converter must be at
least 70% efficient with 0.6 V input at 60 mW.
32. Advanced electric vehicle traction design
In this project, an electric motor is to be repackaged for mounting in place of
the engine in a small car. The project includes both electrical and
mechanical elements. Mechanically, a case and mounting arrangement must be
designed to allow the engine to be removed and the motor to be mounted in its
place, coupled directly to the clutch and the transmission. Electrically,
a three-phase industrial motor drive must be redesigned to support bidirectional
power, interface with driver controls, and connect to the motor. This is a
substantial challenge suitable for up to three teams (two in electrical and one
in mechanical).
33. PC-based or embedded controller-based multi-phase function
This project should use an analog output card in a
computer with analog amplification or an appropriate microcontroller to produce
up to three separate controlled waveforms. The available outputs should
be dc, sine waves, triangle waves, or square waves with adjustment for
magnitude, frequency, symmetry (i.e. duty ratio), and relative phase for each
output. The output range should be -10 V to +10 V at a minimum, and the
frequency range should be at least 0 to 100 kHz. A user interface should
provide full control of the output arrangement--a Windows program for the
PC-based version, potentiometers and switches for the embedded controller
version. Each output should be able to maintain operation with loads of
10 ohms or more.
34. PC-based magnetic tester
This project should use a PC input-output card, combined with an external
amplifier, to yield waveforms that can be used to measure B-H curves and other
characteristics of magnetic devices. The amplifier must be able to deliver
up to +/- 5 A at voltage levels up to +/- 20 V, and should operate at dc or at
ac frequencies up to 10 kHz. The design should include measurements of up to
three independent data channels, with measurements of amplitude and phase for
each channel.
35. Low power extended range dc motor controller
This project takes power from a single 12 V lead-acid
battery and controls the output to a dc motor. The output must be
adjustable to permit speed control. Input range: 9 V to 15 V dc.
Output range: 0 to 15 V dc. The output range must be maintained for all
allowed input voltages. The output power is up to 250 W continuous and
500 W for up to one minute.
36. Medium power dc motor controller
This project involves the design of a dc motor
controller that takes input from batteries in the range of 24 V to 48 V and
delivers power to a dc machine at variable voltage. A speed range of
0-100% should be supported. The motor shaft output power is rated at 750
W continuous and up to 2500 W for 30 seconds. The motor efficiency is
expected to be about 70%. The controller should be more than 90%
efficient for motor output ranges of 250 W to 750 W.
37. Efficient low-power supply
This project takes power from a single or pair of
batteries, at a voltage from 1.1 V up to 3.5 V, and delivers regulated 3 V
output at power levels between 10 mW and 100 mW for a sensor application. The efficiency with a
100 mW load should be greater than 95%, and for a 10 mW load should be greater than 75%. The supply should
also have a "sleep" mode in which it draws less than 0.1 mW. Sleep mode is set when a control pin is connected
to a high impedance, and the supply recovers to normal
operation when the control pin is connected to ground through a low impedance.
38. Power Monitor
Buildings more than a few decades old are generally poorly equipped to deal with the electrical demands of a modern office: computers, printers, copiers, etc. Also, in a building like Everitt Lab, rooms that were previously office space are converted to laboratories and vice versa, shifting the electrical load. Facility managers generally do not have enough information to address electrical system shortcomings. Ideally, they would have access to inexpensive, simple power monitors that could be placed either on individual circuits at the breaker panel or at individual loads (various pieces of large equipment). Each power monitor should measure RMS current and voltage and determine real power at some reasonable sampling rate, such as once or twice per second. Most circuits are single-phase, but three-phase capability should be considered. Each monitor should have either local memory (some sort of flash card) or wireless communication back to a central host. Safety and non-invasiveness are important concerns.
39. Everitt Electrical System Study
Everitt Lab's electrical system was constructed under very different conditions than are currently relevant. Labs have replaced offices and vice versa; office equipment has expanded from a few electric typewriters on secretaries' desks to one or more computers in every room. This project entails researching the current status of the electrical distribution system (what it is capable of delivering) and the current status of the loads (what the burden is on the system). Ideally, data would be taken by power monitors that would be put in place for several weeks or months. Alternatively, loading conditions could be sampled under "typical" operating conditions, which would then be extrapolated to a yearly cycle by interviewing equipment users.
40. Advanced Digitally Controlled Power Converter
Recent advances in digital integrated circuits facilitate control schemes that are difficult or impossible with analog circuitry. For example, gain scheduling is a well-known technique to accommodate widely-varying conditions. This project consists of a SEPIC converter with closed-loop control. The SEPIC converter must operate over at least a 5:1 range of input voltage, output voltage set point, and load current. The controller should leverage an IC designed particularly for control of switching power converters. Dynamic performance (response to changing input voltage, load current, or set point) should be as good as a converter designed for a more limited set of operating conditions.
41. Electrical sensing interfaces for an
In this project, the objective is to provide digital signals that yield the
following information: Relative pedal positions (brake, accelerator, clutch if
present), 0 to maximum; steering wheel position (maximum clockwise to maximum
counter-clockwise, 0 at center); key position (lock, off, on, acc, start); gear
shift status and position (automatic or manual). The data must be
failsafe, defaulting to an acceptable safe value if a wire is broken or other
minor problem occurs. Data must be updated at least 20 times per second.
Identify and use an accepted automotive industry data format and protocol.
42. Current-fed power converter demonstration
circuit and test
Design and build a dc-dc converter that uses the "current-fed buck" circuit
topology. The desired ratings are: Input voltage range 10 V to 18 V;
output voltage adjustable to 3.3 V and 5.0 V; output power 0 to 50 W; input
current ripple less than +/- 2% at full power; efficiency at least 90% at 5 V
and 50 W output; closed-loop control responds to disturbances in less than 1 ms.