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Sun Alert: Limiting sun exposure, wearing protective clothing, and using sunscreens may reduce the risk of skin aging, skin cancer, and other harmful effects of the sun.
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SD Alcohol 40 B, Dimethyl Ether, Octyldodecyl Citrate Crosspolymer, Ethyl Methicone, Acrylates/Octylacrylamide Copolymer, Dimethicone, Fragrance, Acrylates/Dimethicone Copolymer, Tocopheryl Acetate, Cetyl Dimethicone Bis Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Diethylhexyl 2 6 Naphthalate, Glycerin, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Nymphaea Coerulea Flower Extract, Water
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Lowe's Heroes Project Gives SRKH a Makeover
On Saturday, October 11, 2014, Lowe's gave back to the community at the Santa Rosa Kids' House. The front property was given a makeover including new landscaping, lights, rocking chairs, and a bird bath. Lowe's provided the materials and volunteers, as well as a group from Pensacola NAS. Thank you Lowe's for your support, and thank you Navy AO Association!

subset: commoncrawl


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Find a rental car in Dubbo with WheelsAbroad.com
Check us out for the best car rental rates. We have one simple goal… to help you find the best value car hire for your Dubbo trip. We've done the research so you don't need to.
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Car Hire locations in the Dubbo area:
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How to view XML files in z/OS after being FPTed
I want to transfer an XML file from Windows NT to a z/OS. The problem is that the file on the z/OS after FTP shows one very long record. How can I see the XML file on z/OS like I see it in an XML viewer?
Beyond that, I'd recommend you take your problems to a z/OS expert and tell him you've got an ASCII/XML file you can't open. Somebody who understands the receiving end better than I do can probably offer more help and ideas.
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Middle School
New Technology Making Its Way Into The Classroom
In the past, teachers gave lessons using chalkboards, filmstrips and overhead projectors — methods that had limited interactivity. Teachers now have multiple ways of presenting content. Students can now demonstrate their learning in ways other than pencil-and-paper tests.
Sprinkler Pipe Bursts At Middle School
School will still be held on Thursday at Steel Valley Middle School, despite a sprikler pipe bursting Wednesday night.
Kids Test Out Ideas During Invention Convention
Do you ever wonder where the products that you use every day come from?
Teen Bullied In Cell Phone Video Speaks Out
Two brothers are now being charged in connection with a fight that was recorded inside a local school bathroom. But police are still looking for two other people who were in the bathroom while the brutal beating happened.
Warrant Issued For Wilkinsburg Teen In School Fight Video
A 14-year-old middle school student in Wilkinsburg who was reportedly going to face charges after video of a fight in a boy's bathroom is now wanted.
Police Responding To School Bus Accident
Police are responding to a crash involving a school bus in Sewickley.
Keystone Oaks Schools Put On Lockdown After Students Find Bullet
Keystone Oaks middle and high schools were on lockdown today after two students found a bullet.
Back To School Prep: For Elementary, Middle & High School Students
The first day of school feels to children the way the first day on a job feels to parents, a bit stressful. The two best ways to prepare your children for a less stressful first day is to change as many unknown factors to known and provide positive support.
Chartiers Valley Students Evacuated Over Gas Odor
Students at the Chartiers Valley middle school and high school were evacuated from the complex this morning because of a gas odor.
Hempfield School Officials Assess Storm Damage
Classes were canceled today for students in the Hempfield Area School District after Wednesday's severe weather caused damage at several buildings. The roof at the high school was partially ripped off while roof damage is also being reported at West Hempfield Elementary School.


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(December 20, 2013) –The Ocean City Police Department's Holiday Food and Toy Drive proved to be a blessing to many local families this holiday season. OCPD partnered with the Santa House, Inc. this year. The Santa House took in the many toys and donations and OCPD served as both a drop off and a distribution point. On December 17, OCPD gave food, toys and clothes to over 50 families and the Santa House served a combined total of over 500 families throughout the three distribution points: OCPD, Showell Fire Department and the Santa House warehouse in Snow Hill.
"The community we live in is a very benevolent one and it was extraordinary to witness the giving spirit during the holiday season," said Ocean City Police Chief Ross Buzzuro. "Partnering with the Santa House was a great idea and we hope to continue this partnership in the future. We were able to serve the families of Ocean City as well as throughout Worcester County."
Several Ocean City businesses and organizations contributed to the success of the Food and Toy Drive. Contributions were made by the Toys for Tommy campaign, Delmarva Condominium Managers Association, Atlantic Physical Therapy, Ocean City Parrotheads Clubs, Fager's Island, Caine Woods Association, Ladies Hibernians, and the many people who donated directly to the Santa House. We would also like to thank all of the community members who dropped off toys and donations throughout the holiday season. Thanks to all of these donations, families all over Worcester County will have a joyous holiday season and children will have a gift to open Christmas morning. OCPD would like to thank each and every one of you.


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Bento Box Series: Assumptions
Assumptions-SSC 107
When do you get a chance to safely challenge everyday assumptions about the people around you? Through this facilitated panel, learn more about our student Veterans and their transition into the academic environment; hear about students with various abilities and the attitudes they experience each day; and ask questions regarding the LGBTQ Student Success Initiative, it's importance to our community and it's impact on our students.
Panelists: Jarid Corbitt—Veterans, Kerri Holferty— Disability Resources, and Natalie Washington— LGBTQ. Facilitated by Betsy Hasegawa.
*Staff and Faculty only*


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The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation Survey Project is a partnership and an experiment in combining survey research and reporting to better inform the public. Since 1995, The Washington Post and the Kaiser Family Foundation have jointly conducted over 25 surveys on topics ranging from politics to the economy to race/ethnicity and HIV/AIDS. Representatives of the two organizations work together to develop the survey questionnaires and analyze the results.
Filter Results
- results
- state & global data
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- view as grid
- view as list
National Survey on Latinos in America
The Washington Post/Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University , conducted in July and August of 1999, undertakes one of the most comprehensive looks at Latinos in America today. It examines Latino attitudes regarding values, politics, race relations and social policies and compares those attitudes to non-Latino whites and blacks. In…
Poll Finding Read MoreNational Survey of the Public's Attitudes towards HIV/AIDS
WP/Harvard/KFF National Survey of the Public s Attitudes towards HIV/AIDSThe Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University Survey Project's latest findings appeared in articles in The Washington Post on July 6 and July 7, 2002. This survey explores the public s attitudes towards HIV/AIDS in the US and the World. Toplines/Survey
Poll Finding Read MoreSurvey of Americans and Economists on the Economy
The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University Survey Project is a three-way partnership and an experiment in combining survey research and reporting to better inform the public. The Post, Kaiser, and Harvard jointly design and analyze surveys examining public knowledge, perceptions, and misperceptions on major issues. The Post then reports the…
Poll Finding Read MoreIssues in the 2000 Election: Education
Issues in the 2000 Election: EducationThe Washington Post/Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University national survey on "Issues in the 2000 Election: Education" is the first in a series of surveys examining policy issues in the 2000 national elections. This survey, conducted May 11-22, 2000, of a nationally representative sample of…
Poll Finding Read More2011 Survey of DC Residents
The Washington Post and the Kaiser Family Foundation partnered to conduct a survey examining the opinions of Washington, D.C., residents on a wide range of issues including health care. This survey is the 22nd in a series of surveys dating back to 1995 that have been conducted as part of…
Poll Finding Read MoreLow-Wage Workers and Health Care
This brief is based on a survey conducted this summer by The Washington Post, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University to focus on the experiences and challenges facing the lowest paid members of the American workforce. Low-wage workers rate "getting more affordable health insurance" as the top priority for…
Poll Finding Read MoreHealth and the Economy in the Detroit Area
One year after the federal government intervened to aid the automakers, the Foundation along with The Washington Post and Harvard School of Public Health surveyed the residents of the tri-county Detroit area of Macomb, Oakland, and Wayne Counties to ask about their views and experiences in the midst of the…
Poll Finding Read MoreKaiser Health Tracking Poll: August 2012
This poll, conducted as the GOP prepares for its national convention, finds that the Affordable Care Act is not the top health care priority among Republicans. While jobs are still the number one issue for Republicans, when asked about the health care issues that will impact their vote this fall,…
Poll Finding Read MoreSurvey of Americans and Economists on the Economy
This Washington Post/Kaiser/Harvard University survey examines public understanding, perceptions and attitudes about the economy with those of economists. Articles as part of this series by The Washington Post ran from October 12, 1996 through October 16, 1996 and are included with the questionnaire. Toplines/Survey: HTML format Toplines/Survey
Poll Finding Read MoreSurvey of South Africans at Ten Years of Democracy, Summary and Chartpack
South Africans at Ten Years of Democracy – Summary and ChartpackSummary and chartpack from, "South Africans at Ten Years of Democracy," comprehensive, nationally representative survey of South Africans was conducted by The Washington Post, Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University to examine South Africans' views about democracy and the challenges…
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Nick is an avid Nissan enthusiast and he and I have been sharing emails back and forth for about a year now as we helped him take his standard Altima Sedan from stock to one-of-a-kind. Nick has done a lot of work to this car and his passion shines through in every way! We are extremely proud to say that a lot of the parts Nick has on his ride are STILLEN original parts or one of the many great vendors we carry.
This Altima has been transformed from front to back and top to bottom! Proving that even the smallest, subtle changes can make big impacts! Here is the long list of modifications performed to the Altima.


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Microsoft Corporation filed as a Statement & Designation By Foreign Corporation in the State of California filed on Friday, October 29, 1993. This corporation is approximately twenty-two years old according to documents filed with California Secretary of State.
Shola's past corporate interests include the Product Manager of Microsoft Corporation .
Key roles for Shola Aluko |
Microsoft Corporation
Product Manager
Inactive |


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Marketers agree that the best way to sell potatoes is to help consumers know how to cook them.
"Research shows an increase in sales when a prepared potato dish is featured in the weekly ad circular compared to just a bulk or bagged potato image to communicate the sale," said Meredith Myers, U.S. Potato Board public relations manager.
The board calls this effort "The Power of Deliciousness." To demonstrate the theory, the board commissioned research by the Nielsen Perishables Group.
The study found ads featuring prepared potato dishes would outperform ads showing raw potatoes by more than 20 points in each category, with red potatoes showing an increase of 62 points.
"It sounds intuitive, but not everyone is doing it," she said.
Others agree on the importance of showing consumers a serving suggestion instead of a generic potato image.
"Studies show that potatoes are best advertised using photography that displays prepared potato dishes. This concept entices the consumer to purchase," said Hannah Hughes, marketing manager for Market Fresh Produce, LLC, Nixa, Mo.
Marketers know that consumers are more easily enticed by a beautifully prepared dish than just the brown skin on the outside of a potato.
"Potatoes aren't necessarily a 'glamorous' produce item so this method of advertising works well for the potato category," Hughes said.
Packaging that features recipes and serving suggestions are helpful to convey this message.
"Consumers want to know meal application as soon as they buy a product," Hughes said in an e-mail.
Cross-promotions that help consumers pair potatoes with other food items are also helpful.
Potandon Produce LLC, Idaho Falls, Idaho, is working on a campaign with Country Crock that would offer a coupon for cents off a purchase, backed by television and in-store promotions, according to marketing manager Barbara Keckler.
The Idaho Potato Commission, Eagle, has a wine-tie that provides consumers a coupon on featured bottles of wine.
"These are fairly small programs but they still provide incentive," Seth Pemsler, the commission's vice president for retail/international.
Value-added items add even more convenience in helping consumers know how to prepare potato dishes because a lot of the work is already done for them.
"Microwave steam pack gourmet potatoes cook in just five minutes," Hughes said.
She expects to see a lot more emphasis on this category.


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Kristen and Gregg are a fun and easy couple. No drama, no fuss, just fun! To that end, the couple started the reception letting their guests know it was a party! They gave all their guests maracas and were introduced into the Granite Links ballroom to Harry Belefante's Jump in the Line. As they entered the room, Kristen and Gregg pulled all of their guests on the dance floor with them. It was such a fun moment! Kristen and Gregg's friends and family proved to be just as fun dancing the night away with the band Boston Common. Check out some of their photo booth pics! Thanks for the great night Kristen & Gregg!
Nikki YOU were great. I thought you did a great job and most important you were very pleasent to talk to. You did not have a sour face once and always smiled.. Pics are great and can't wait to see all the results.
Beautiful photos congrats to Greg and his beautiful bride Kristen.
Website Reference - Business Collective - Business Log - Sitemap |


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Buyers' Guide
Photonics Spectra
Industrial Photonics
Photonics Handbook
Guideposts on the Road to Selection
Earl Hergert, Hamamatsu Corporation
Choosing a detector requires evaluating many operating parameters and desired outcomes. This introduction provides a series of guideposts that will help lead the way to the right one.
Any number of medical, industrial and analytical applications requires the detection of light. Chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, fluorescence and atomic absorption are just a few, and all require a detector to convert the light into an electrical signal. There are three basic technologies that accomplish this task — photomultipliers (PMTs), avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and silicon photodiodes.
The question of which detector to use is not a simple one. In applications where there is ample light, a photodiode is suitable. A PMT is the best choice where there are very weak signals. In other applications, however, the choice is not so clear. This article will examine detector characteristics, criteria for selection of a detector and amplifier performance, and hopefully, help you to choose.
Figure 1.
PMTs make good use of metal channel dynodes.
The PMT (Figure 1) consists of a photosensitive surface (photocathode), electron multipliers (dynodes), and a collection electrode (anode) within an evacuated glass or metal envelope. Light enters the input window and is absorbed by the photocathode. An electron is emitted from the cathode and accelerated to the first dynode by an applied voltage. The electron is accelerated to sufficient potential that, when it collides with a dynode, secondary electrons are produced. These secondary electrons are in turn accelerated to the next dynode, with the process being repeated until the electron cloud is collected at the anode.
A PMT's gain can be estimated by the following expression:
µ = current amplification (gain)
δ = secondary emission ratio for dynodes
n = number of dynode stages
For a nine-stage PMT with a secondary emission ratio of eight, the current amplification would be about 10
. Large gain and low noise make the PMT an attractive detector for many applications. However, it is not the only device to possess internal gain.
Two modes are possible
A silicon photodiode is essentially a PN junction consisting of a positively doped P region and a negatively doped N region. Between these exists an area of neutral charge known as the depletion region. When light enters the device, electrons in the crystalline structure become excited. If the energy of the light is greater than the bandgap energy of the material, electrons will move into the conduction band, creating holes in the valence band where the electrons were. These electron-hole pairs are created throughout the device. Those generated in the depletion region drift to their respective electrodes — N for electrons and P for holes. This results in a positive charge buildup in the P layer and a negative one in the N layer. The amount of charge is directly proportional to the amount of light falling on the detector. If an external circuit is connected to the P and N electrodes, current will flow. This is the photovoltaic method.
In the photoconductive mode, a reverse bias is applied to the photodetector. This has the effect of increasing the electric field strength between the electrodes and the depth of the depletion region. The advantages are higher speed, lower capacitance and better linearity; however, the dark current becomes larger. Generally, PIN photodiodes and APDs are operated in this fashion.
Figure 2.
Cross section of an avalanche photodiode.
The APD (Figure 2) is a specialized silicon PIN photodiode designed to operate with high reverse bias voltages. Large reverse voltages generate high electric fields at the PN junction. Some of the electron-hole pairs passing through or generated in this field gain sufficient energy (greater than the bandgap energy) to create additional electron-hole pairs. This process is known as impact ionization. If the newly created electron-hole pairs acquire enough energy, they also create electron-hole pairs. This is known as avalanche multiplication and is the mechanism by which APDs produce internal gain. Internal gain is an important attribute when the detector is combined with an amplifier.
Selection criteria
One of the first, and often overlooked, aspects of choosing a detector is defining the parameters of the application. One should determine the wavelength at which the detector will be used, as well as the light power that will be incident on the device. Frequently, these criteria will limit the options.
Figure 3.
Spectral response of a PMT, APD and photodiode.
Quantum efficiency (QE) (Figure 3) is the intrinsic ability of a detector to convert photons into electrons or holes. It is expressed as the ratio of generated electrons to incident photons in percent. Manufacturers often do not list the QE among their specifications. Instead, they use the radiant sensitivity, given in electrical current generated per incident watt of optical power, amperes per watt (A/W). The QE and photosensitivity have the following relationship:
S = radiant sensitivity in A/W
λ = wavelength in nanometers
In the case where all other detector characteristics are equal, the detector with the highest QE possible is the best choice.
One of the most misunderstood aspects of detectors is gain. Many users mistake large signal amplitude for signal quality. Internal gain in a detector only amplifies the photogenerated signal. If the photogenerated signal is noisy, the amplified signal will be noisy as well. While this seems obvious, it is a common mistake. In reality, the benefit of gain is in raising the photogenerated signal above the noise level of the signal processing equipment. In the case where the signal processing equipment is limiting the signal-to-noise ratio, internal amplification in the detector improves it.
Bandwidth refers to the electrical bandwidth of the detector/signal processing equipment. Most of the noise sources involved with designing an optical detector system are random in nature with very wide frequency distributions. Therefore, all else remaining equal, if the electrical bandwidth is increased, the detector's system noise will increase such that:
The noise problem
When designing a detector system, it is critical to keep the electrical bandwidth as close to the required bandwidth as possible. That is, if the light signal is changing at a frequency of 10 kHz, having a detector system with a bandwidth of 1 MHz will only needlessly introduce noise.
In any light detection application, the lower limit of signal detection is determined by the noise characteristics of the detector and its amplifiers. There are three primary sources of noise in any optical detector system: photon-related shot noise, detector dark noise and amplifier noise. The first two are related to the detector.
Shot noise is inherent in any signal generated by the detector. Its cause is related to the quantum nature of light. It is expressed by the following equation:
= rms noise current
q = electron charge
= photogenerated signal current
M = detector internal gain
F = detector excess noise factor
ΔB = electrical bandwidth of detector amplifier combination
Also contributing to the noise of the system is the detector dark noise, which is unrelated to the signal level. For the PMT and the APD, there are two primary sources of noise in addition to the shot noise created by the signal: shot noise of the dark current generated by the detector and noise created by the gain mechanism (excess noise) of the detector.
The shot noise of the dark current has the same form as equation 4 except that I
is substituted for I
The details of excess noise are beyond the scope of this article. Simply put, it is the noise added to the signal by the internal amplification mechanism of a detector. For the PMT, it has a value of about 1.4 and decreases with increasing gain. For the APD, it has a value greater than 2 and increases with rising gain. It also has a dependence on the wavelength of light being detected.
As noted, there are two methods of operation for a photodiode — the photoconductive and photovoltaic modes. The dominant noise source is different in each case. In the photoconductive mode, the dark current is rather large, so the shot noise of the dark current dominates the noise of the photodiode. To apply the shot noise equation to a photodiode, substitute I
for I
and set M and F equal to 1.
In the photovoltaic mode of operation the dark current is negligible. In this case the Johnson noise of the photodiode shunt resistance dominates the noise term.
k = Boltzmann's constant
T = absolute temperature of the photodiode
= shunt resistance of the photodiode
Figure 4.
A transimpedance amplifier converts detector output current into a voltage.
The photodector amplifier (Figure 4) is a major system component and its noise will, in many instances, dominate system noise. To understand the total noise of the detector system, one must understand the noise of the detector amplifier combination. While the derivation of the noise equations for an amplifier are quite complex (see references), some basic assumptions and simplifications can lead to noise equations that are very useful.
The first term is the Johnson noise of the amplifier feedback resistor. Since the value of the feedback resistor must be smaller than the shunt resistance of the photodiode, this term can often dominate the detector amplifier noise.
= rms current due to Johnson noise of amplifier feedback resistance
= feedback resistor
To minimize the Johnson noise, one must choose a large feedback resistor or cool the amplifier.
The second term arises from the input noise voltage of the amplifier, and it takes the following form:
= rms current noise due to voltage noise of amplifier
= input voltage noise density, for example nV/Hz
= terminal capacitance of the detector
The voltage noise current is interesting in that it is dependent on the terminal capacitance of the detector. It is also strongly related to the frequency bandwidth. To reduce this component or amplifier noise, a detector with low capacitance should be selected. Furthermore, the electrical bandwidth should be minimized.
Finally, the third noise component is the shot noise arising from the amplifier input bias current (I
). If care is taken in choosing a low input bias current field-effect transistor amplifier, this source of noise is minimized.
The total detector amplifier rms noise becomes:
= detector dark noise + signal-induced shot noise
The amplifier noise plus the detector dark noise represent the noise floor of the detector system, while the signal-induced shot noise varies with signal level. With this in mind, the signal-to-noise ratio can be written as follows:
From the above equation, it can be surmised that the advantage derived from internal gain detectors is in the reduction of the effective noise of the amplifier by the gain of the detector. Therefore, very high gain detectors such as PMTs reduce the amplifier noise contribution to insignificance. Likewise, moderate gain detectors such as APDs greatly reduce the noise contribution of the amplifier to the total noise of the detector system, whereas photodiodes having no internal gain are much more susceptible to the noise of the amplifier.
Modules to the rescue
Today's marketplace demands that products go from the drawing board to the marketplace as fast as possible and at the lowest possible cost. Modules make such goals attainable by maximizing integration, reducing development costs and saving time.
Modules can be as simple as a photodiode amplifier combination or as complex as a microprocessor-controlled photon-counting unit that includes a PMT, high-voltage power supply, photon-counting electronics, and a computer interface, all in a 6-in.-long package.
Figure 5.
Block diagram of an APD module.
An example of a module's advantage is demonstrated in Figure 5. The APD is a difficult device to design with for a number of reasons. It is extremely temperature sensitive (about 15 percent/degree C), its noise increases with increased gain, and it is very sensitive to small changes in bias voltage. The module shown incorporates a very low ripple power supply, low-noise amplifier, temperature feedback circuit (to compensate for thermal drift), and it runs from a 5 V DC supply. The instrument designer has done away with the need to work with high voltage and the need to thermally compensate that high voltage for detector gain drift. As a result, the concentration can be on integrating the detector into an optical system.
Still, the module does not help in the selection of a detector but only in making the detector easier to use. Therefore, every designer of electro-optical instruments should be familiar with the detector's performance and use.
The following is a simple guide to selecting a detector:
• Determine the requirements of the application.
1. Light power level
2. Wavelength range of incident light
3. Electrical bandwidth of the detector amplifier
4. Mechanical requirements of the application
A. Size of instrument (Is a small detector needed?)
B. Power consumption of instrument (Is low power consumption a requirement?)
C. Operating temperature range of instrument (cooled detector)
5. Price
• Once the detector field is narrowed based on the application, calculate the signal-to-noise ratio under the conditions of the application. Plots like signal-to-noise ratio vs. light power (Figure 6) are convenient for comparing detectors.
Figure 6.
Signal-to-noise ratio vs. light power for a PMT, APD and photodiode.
• Confirm calculated results by measuring the signal-to-noise ratio in the application itself.
While this procedure seems obvious, it is, in practice, often omitted. This results in inappropriate detector selection.
In general, the PMT performs best in extremely low light-level conditions in UV to near-IR wavelength ranges. It is ideally suited for fluorescence spectroscopy, such as in immunoassay, chemiluminescence for detection of NOx and gamma cameras for medical imaging.
On the other hand, the photodiode is better suited for applications with low- to moderate-light levels in the UV to near-IR range. Such applications include optical power meters, optical smoke detectors and optical absorption measurements such as high-performance liquid chromatography.
The APD performs best in applications involving low light levels and high-bandwidth applications conducted in the near-IR. Examples include industrial barcode scanning, laser rangefinding and particle counters.
The ultimate test of a detector system is its signal-to-noise performance in a particular application. It is not the only test to which the detector should be subjected. For instance, in a particular IR application, the APD may have the best S/N ratio but its large temperature coefficients may make it difficult to use. Therefore, the designer might prefer the greater stability of the photodiode despite its low signal-to-noise ratio.
What is more important than deciding which type of detector to use is selecting the right one for that particular application. To this end, the designer must approach the choice of detectors without bias and select what is best.
1. Engstrom, R.W. (1980).
Photomultiplier Handbook
. RCA Electro-Optics and Devices.
Photomultiplier Technical Handbook
. Hamamatsu Photonics KK.
How to Perform Photon Counting
. Hamamatsu Photonics KK.
4. Jenkins, T.E. (1987).
Optical Sensing Techniques and Signal Processing
. Prentice-Hall International.
5. Gowar, J. (1984).
Optical Communication Systems
. Prentice-Hall International.
6. Webb, P.P., McIntyre, R.J., Conradi, J. (1974).
Properties of Avalanche Photodiodes
. RCA Review.
7. McIntyre, R.J. (1966).
Multiplication Noise in Uniform Avalanche Diodes
. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 13 Pp. 164-168.
8. Knoll, G.F. (1979).
Radiation Detection and Measurement
. John Wiley and Sons.
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Changes related to "Zuzu and the Baby Catcher"
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< Zuzu and the Baby CatcherNo changes on linked pages during the given period.


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Academic Advising
In order to better serve you, an academic advisor is available to walk you through the registration process and assist with selecting the best courses for both high school credit and meeting your future college career.
Before you meet with an Advisor, you will first need to complete the application process. Once accepted, you can either meet with your advisor personally or discuss options by phone or email.
Once you have a scheduled time to either meet or conference by phone/email, please prepare by doing the following:
- Have an idea of what courses you want to take (Remember in order for the state to pay for the courses you need to have at least a 3.0 or a B in the courses you want to take). Also understand that a course that has a 300 or 400 course number is not available to you without special permission from our PSEO Director. Most of these also have prerequisites. So, focus on the courses numbered 100 or 200.
- Know whether you want to take the course to replace or supplement your high school classes. If you are replacing a course, in the state of Ohio, you will need to take 5 semester hours in order to get 1 high school credit. (Example: Composition 1 and 2 equal 1 English credit). Non-Ohio students should refer to their state board of education for number of college credits equaling high school credits.
- If you have an idea on what you would like to study in college, begin researching different programs of interest and assess what courses would best advance you when you graduate from high school.
- Come with your paperwork filled out if at all possible. It speeds the process up and we can make any changes necessary during the meeting.
Here are some commonly asked questions:
Q: What courses should I take?
A: We recommend taking general education courses that you will need regardless of where you go to college. These are courses like English Composition, Psychology, Sociology, Algebra, Human Biology, etc.
Q: I want to take this course, but my GPA is not a 3.0. Can I still take the course and what are my options?
a. We recommend you take only courses you have a 3.0 in the subject are.
b. If you are on the border and have done well, make sure we have the most updated transcript and grade cards. You may be over the 3.0 but we need to see those grades to make that final call
Q: Will this course transfer?
A: Classes will transfer in almost every situation, especially if it is a general education course. Even in the rare instance where the course will not meet a university's requirement it will often transfer in as an elective which you will need as a part of your degree.
Typical General Education requirements for most college program tracks:
1-2 Sciences (Often one science must include a lab)
2 English Composition courses
1 Literature
1-2 Social Sciences (Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, etc.)
1-2 History
1-2 Math (depending on if seeking BS degree, Math degree or CLEP testing)
1 Speech/Oral Communication
1 Technology/Computer Literacy (this is changing – check with the schools interested in attending)
1 Ethics/Philosophy (sometimes major specific – check with schools and programs interested in)
To find out who your advisor is, please refer to the chart below:
Student category | Assigned Academic Advisor |
Students taking any course on the university campus or at their high school | Emily G. Peters email@example.com |
Students taking courses online only | Elayne Cabrera firstname.lastname@example.com |
Attachment | Size |
What It Takes to Earn an Ohio Diploma 2014 and beyond 010711.pdf | 32.41 KB |


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7 Comments to My Apologies
They don't teach hand signals in Pennsylvania? Broken signals and failure to signal would be an instant ticket here.
Nonono on
August 29th, 2013
Might as well say Please Pull Me Over. On the other hand … I don't get how some people don't get in trouble for having headlights totally busted out, and no light even there. Then others get pulled over for one burnt out.
netjnke on
August 29th, 2013
Hand signals. Don't be a lazy, selfish idiot (even if that's quickly becoming the norm). Look into them.
BB on
August 29th, 2013
Am I imagining it or is that car (Geo Metro?) painted like Spiderman?
jruschme on
August 29th, 2013
Why not just pretend you're one of those jerks who never use their signals?
Ugnaught on
August 29th, 2013
Not sure anybody would recognize hand signals any more, probably get rear-ended anyway. This vehicle should not be driven and the owner should get a healthy fine if on the road, he is taking others lives at risk.
Oogie on
August 29th, 2013
Nice of him to tell any following cops to give him a ticket.
Douche Nozzle on
September 2nd, 2013


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With the right compact equipment and attachments, landscapers can break free from the need to complete labor-intensive tasks with hand tools. Machines that provide utility on a wide range of landscaping and site development projects offer a win-win-win solution with their ability to reduce installation costs, increase efficiencies and expand core services.
A decade after starting his landscaping firm, Josh Hawkins added a mini track loader to his equipment inventory that not only helped lower his overhead, but built a solid foundation for launching a new business segment.
Hawkins, owner of Slope Solutions LLC, works mostly in the mountains north and west of Morganton, in western North Carolina. Slope Solutions provides landscape design, installation and maintenance in all phases of landscaping, lighting, pavers and walls.
"Recently, the biggest challenge has been to provide customers with a top-of-the-line look for value pricing," he says. "At first it was difficult because I had to get my overhead and operating costs in line. I think I've solved that problem."
One of Hawkins' goals was to increase his versatility and reduce labor expenses with a machine that would complement his existing compact equipment. "I was relying on a lot of hand work where my Bobcat M-Series machines (a T650 compact track loader and an E45 compact excavator) couldn't fit. At the end of last year, I purchased an MT55 mini track loader from Bobcat of Lenoir and that made a big difference."
The small profile of a mini track loader allows these machines to access areas to perform tasks that would otherwise restrict the use of larger equipment. At widths as narrow as 36 inches, this type of loader can fit through residential and commercial doorways, gates and tight property lines. Hawkins can increase operator comfort and productivity with the detachable ride-on platform that provides better visibility of his attachments and allows him to further reduce physical exertion on certain projects.
Hawkins operates the mini track loader for landscaping tasks, including handling and planting trees. Configured with an auger attachment it digs holes with speed and plumb-line accuracy for the placement of root balls at desired depths. Equipped with a pallet fork attachment, Hawkins achieves high carrying capacities in a small package. He can lift, lower and transport balled-and-burlapped trees and potted trees, as well as decorative rocks and other odd-shaped objects.
"I previously unloaded trees with my compact track loader, moved them into the backyard with a tree cart if space was tight, and then dug the holes by hand," Hawkins says. "With the MT55, pallet fork and auger attachments, that job and others have become much easier. The mini track loader has allowed us to get more done in less time and with fewer employees."
Hawkins says the mini track loader has also been beneficial to his company's land development clients for its ability to assist with meeting their erosion control initiatives. Despite tightening budgets on new developments resulting from shifts that have occurred in the housing market, a mini track loader can help clear areas for the installation of silt fences. A silt fence installer attachment designed to contain stormwater can assist landscape contractors with placing and securing the mesh material in a fraction of the time it can be completed with hand digging.
"This equipment has really helped install silt fences because, without the mini track loader, we would have to clear out a much bigger area to use the T650 or E45. Our clients are looking for the most economical ways to get the projects completed on time and within the budget," Hawkins adds.
The mini track loader and dozer blade has also enabled Hawkins to expand into the trail-building business through the mountain terrain. Hawkins sees more trail building in his future now that he has the right combination of equipment. He's built several hiking trails for developers in subdivisions, and is using that experience to bid on trail work in the surrounding areas.
The dozer blade helps Hawkins push large amounts of material in the overgrown environments to accomplish jobs that would typically require dedicated crawler equipment. Supplementing his efforts to remove brush and sculpt or grade the soil, a mini loader's rubber track undercarriage provides greater traction to work in the soft conditions often found in the Southeastern mountainous region after rainfalls.
"Trails are somewhat narrow and you have to make them interesting for the user," he says, adding that the mini track loader makes any needed changes from the original design easier and faster.
With the addition of a versatile mini track loader to his compact equipment fleet, Hawkins continues to lower his operating costs, increase value for his customers and position his business for future growth. The ability to use multiple attachments to perform a wider variety of landscaping tasks will help keep his expanded core services in demand for years to come.
The author is a technical writer at Two Rivers Marketing.


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Too little science, or too much?
We're all evidence-based now. Evidence is everywhere, thrust under our noses in support of the latest action to reduce anti-social behaviour, to reduce recidivism among prisoners on parole or introduce the HPV vaccine for girls in secondary schools.
I recently looked at references to evidence in government statements over the previous year. When I got to over 500, I stopped counting. Now shouldn't we all be happy and fetching our coats? Not quite.
Wading through treacle
We might have a big debate about what that evidence is and how it is derived. Indeed, those of us insisting on the use of high quality, scientific evidence have had to wade through treacle, despite all the lip service to that since the Phillips Report into the BSE crisis.
While there has been recognition of the role that evidence should play in public affairs, we have seen during those same years consultations, reports, policy announcements, and Bills that make little distinction between doubtful, self-published research results or conjecture and large-scale, controlled studies. The biggest problem in the use of science in policy seems to have been judging significance and quality rather than recognising the need to look at evidence per se.
Struggles ending
But efforts are underway to change all that. There is cross-cutting activity to review use of research and analysis in government.1 The National School of Government is now running a course for senior civil servants on the analysis and use of evidence.
The Commons Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills Committee are on the case too.2 So perhaps this will end the tortuous definition struggles ('we can say that evidence is any information that Defra can use to turn its policy goals into something concrete [and] manageable'3) of some government departments.
Magic policy potion
Nor should we lose sight of the risk that scientific evidence may be seen as a magic policy potion. Rub it on and people who object to your idea won't have a leg to stand on! You will be powerless to resist my demands to give up smoking/save the polar bear/fluoridate the water supply.
Scientists themselves are often not as careful as they should be in endorsing policy extrapolations from their work. They're entitled to do that, but as pundits like anyone else.
There seems to have been a worrying rise in the idea that science could do the work of policy and argument. There we've been, chuntering on about evidence, and consequently promoting the idea that scientific evidence carries more weight than political and social arguments.
Worthless evidence
This is dangerous stuff. If we move towards evidence-based everything, where there seems to be no room for people to debate or dissent because the evidence tells them how it must be (though they may have been consulted in the 'evidence gathering stage' of course) scientific evidence will become so political as to be worthless.
This can only promote an atmosphere in which policy makers and campaigners see themselves as 'commissioning evidence' rather than 'commissioning research'. (We may have had an experience of that at the end of 2008 when the government decided to ignore the conclusions of its advisory committee on the misuse of drugs.)
Misguided and cynical usage is likely to empty the term 'evidence-based' of any meaning and authority. It's hard to discuss the idea of sound policy and the problems of particular unsound science claims without mentioning 'evidence-based', but I know that every time I'm using it I'm wincing that bit more. On health, safety, environment, education, crime, the evidence never says it all.
1 Analysis and Use of Evidence: Research and Analysis in Government, PU565 July 2008
2 IUSS Committee Third Report 20 January 2009
3 Defra 2006


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Sat, Sep 3, 05 at 10:04
Canon Digital Rebel, Sigma 105mm macro lens. |
Follow-Up Postings:
Very nice picture! |
- Posted by flowergirl_VA z7 VA (My Page) on Sun, Sep 4, 05 at 8:30
Tres cool! :-D |
Wow, That came out really clear. Great shot. Your camera does well with close ups. Love the lighting too. Thanks for sharing. |
- Posted by Garden_Momma 5b/6a OH (My Page) on Mon, Sep 5, 05 at 8:06
That is cooool! |
- Posted by SwampRose_WA 8 western WA (My Page) on Mon, Sep 5, 05 at 14:38
Wow! |
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3DMark 03 is the latest instalment in the popular 3DMark series. By combining DirectX 9 support with completely new graphics (including the GeForce FX and ATI Radeon 9800), it continues to provide benchmark results that empower you to make informed hardware assessments.
Again the Soltek shows its weaker side.
Find the lowest price on Soltek Motherboards!


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This is a syndicated post from The Daily Register. [Read the original article...]
By Father Dwight Longenecker |
St. Paul did not really fall off his high horse on the road to Damascus. There's no horse in the Bible story, and we probably got the idea from the famous depiction of St. Paul's conversion by the artist… (410)
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on February 8, 2012While we're getting excited about all the new fall and winter clothes we'll see during New York Fashion Week, it's easy to forget that there are still excellent clothes on shelves now overcoats! warm pants! hats! scarves! rugged sweaters! many of which are currently on markdown. So, to help you finish off the shopping season right (and maybe even pick up some clothes for the weekend, while attending fashion shows or not), we've culled all our shopping guides into one, brand new, ultimate slideshow below. Don't say we never did anything for you...
Follow The Style Blog on RSS, Twitter, and Instagram at @ESQStyle.
What To Read Next


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Events Calendar
Interviews Archive
The Fishy Career of Stacy Schultz
Posted on October 1, 2014 | No CommentsFortune Fish & Gourmet Marketing Manager/Seafood Sustainability Coordinator Stacy Schultz says she's been "involved with fish" ever since she was a kid. She grew up on Lake Huron and, more... -
The Chicago International Film Festival's Big 5-0
Posted on October 1, 2014 | No CommentsMichael Kutza on film, the festival and those infamous Skrebneski posters The Chicago International Film Festival (CIFF) has become a bastion of culture in Chicago, all thanks to one iconic... -
Debra Lee's Sound Advice
Posted on October 1, 2014 | No CommentsWhen I learned Debra Lee was coming to Chicago to speak at The Executives' Club Women's Leadership Breakfast, I was curious about what she had to say about the noteworthy... -
Stiletto Women Business Owners Symposium
Posted on October 1, 2014 | No CommentsThe Stiletto Women Business Owners Symposium offers a holistic, proactive approach to business by sharing the success stories of speakers, trainers and coaches. The full-day event is overflowing with learning,... -
Motherhood & Movement
Posted on September 1, 2014 | No CommentsVictoria Jaiani talks about motherhood and how she got her body back. And while the mental changes that come with motherhood are profound, so are the physical changes….especially for this... -
James Reynolds, Jr.
Posted on September 1, 2014 | No CommentsFounder/CEO/Chairman, Loop Capital What an office – a literal visual feast! Mr. Reynolds' office has a panoramic view of downtown Chicago. Then there's an authentic African sculpture (a gift from... -
Fusion Fitness
Posted on September 1, 2014 | No CommentsKeep it fresh and fun by mixing up your workouts. Soon we'll be settling into winter, a time when workouts lessen and waistlines widen. But rather than plan for the... -
Club Lucky's Jim Higgins
Posted on September 1, 2014 | No CommentsYou can't step into Club Lucky – a storied spot at the corner of Wabansia Avenue and Honore Street in Bucktown – without feeling like you've tiptoed back in time.... -
Vocalo's Molly Adams
Posted on September 1, 2014 | No CommentsA confessed 'carpetbagger' from Portland, Maine, Molly Adams is now peddling her radio producing talents at Vocalo.org, Chicago's next-generation public media outlet targeting younger, culturally diverse audiences. She co-hosts The...


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Click here to print the obituary below
Kenneth C. Glader
Glader, Kenneth Charles Died peacefully with family at his side at the Chateau at Moorings Park in Naples, FL on Saturday, September 8, 2012. Ken was born in Edison Park (Chicago), IL on September 19, 1919, the son of Charles H. Glader and Lilly Grace Greener. Ken graduated from
Northwestern University
(Evanston, IL) and married his high school sweetheart, Margaret G. Davis. After serving in
as a lieutenant in the army, Ken returned to Park Ridge to raise a family of three girls (Sharon, Kay and Sue) and become a loving husband and father. Ken and Margaret created their own business selling tool steel, known as the K.C. Glader Company. After years of hard work and creativity, the company grew to become the largest tool steel distributor in the Midwest. Ken and Margaret were also involved as charter members of the Good Shepherd United Methodist Church in Park Ridge, where Ken was active as a trustee and avid gardener. After retiring in the 1970's, Ken and Margaret moved to Naples, FL, where they became members of the North Naples United Methodist Church and the Country Club of Naples. They enjoyed their years of retirement with many dear friends and activities, including Ken's great interest in caring for orchids. Ken was preceded in death by his loving wife, Margaret (December 23, 2008) and dear daughter, Kay (January 14, 1979). Survivors include two daughters, Sharon (Sig Paul) Kuzmenko and Sue (Bruce) Batchelor-Glader; four grandchildren, Chris and Katie Kuzmenko and Brain and Paul BatchelorGlader. A memorial service and celebration of Ken's life will be held on Thursday, December 27, 2012 at 11:00 AM at North Naples United Methodist Church, in the Village Chapel. In lieu of flowers, donations in Ken's memory may be made to North Naples United Methodist Church, 6000 Goodlette Frank Rd., Naples, FL, 34109. For online condolences, please visit
Published in Pioneer Press Central Zone from Oct. 25 to Oct. 31, 2012


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How to Make Flowers Last Longer
Nothing brightens a room quite like spring flowers—especially after a long, harsh winter. To extend the life of those beautiful blooms, remember to change the water daily. Resist the urge to be lazy: A simple top-off won't cut it.
For the best results, empty the existing water and refill the vase with a fresh dose of H2O and trim the stems at an angle to ensure the water is absorbed properly. If you notice any dried leaves or withered flowers, discard them to avoid contaminating the water. If necessary, transfer remaining blossoms to a smaller vase.
Left with a single flower? It'll look elegant in a pretty teacup.
Like the flowers pictured? Get your own bouquet designed by Real Simple for 1-800-Flowers.com.
To buy: $45, 1-800-Flowers.com
Enter code SIMPLE15 at checkout for 15 percent off your order.


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Want to buy this product?
Currently you can buy Paula's Choice products directly from this site and a few top-rated products from other brands are available via links to affiliate websites. We review and recommend products from other brands because we are dedicated to helping you find the best products for your skin, whether they're from Paula's Choice or other lines.
Paula's Choice products are formulated using the same exacting standards we use to review products from other brands.
You have chosen to add to your My Faves.
Optional: You can enter notes about this product below. If you do not wish to add notes, click the 'Add' button.
This fragrance-free highlighting lotion (it's not a cream as the name states) is gorgeous! It has a pearlescent finish that illuminates the skin without unwanted shine or glitter. As an added bonus, it also has some skin-beneficial emollients and a dusting of antioxidants—and the opaque tube packaging will keep the antioxidants stable during use.
The silicone base provides a thin texture with good slip, which helps this highlighter apply and blend evenly on the skin. It's not quite moisturizing enough to hydrate dry skin, but those with normal to slightly dry skin can use this lotion as a makeup primer or mix a small amount with liquid makeup for added radiance. Of course, being a highlighter, it works well to highlight key areas of the face, too.
Water, Cyclopentasiloxane, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone, Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Glycerin, HDI/PPG/Polycaprolactone Crosspolymer, Phenoxyethanol, Beeswax, Sodium Chloride, Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate, Silica, Panthenol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Glycine Soja Oil, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Mica, Titanium Dioxide.
Victoria's Secret makeup clearly tries to play up the same sleek, coy sexuality the rest of the Victoria's Secret merchandise is known for. And what could be a better environment for offering makeup! Victoria's Secret stores are all about a woman feeling sexy and beautiful, head to toe. If you're donning a silky teddy or lacy corset, the complete look almost begs for full, glossed, pouty lips and softly blushed cheeks, and this cosmetics line supplies that, albeit with shine and glitter to spare.
In the fall of 2006, the former Victoria's Secret makeup line blossomed with a whole new look and more enticing branding. Dubbed Very Sexy Makeup (to complement the company's popular fragrance of the same name), the line benefited from a streamlined product selection, while the packaging was updated from polished silver to lacquered black with metallic fuchsia stripes. The image update is sleek and mostly impressive, and kudos are due for to the well-designed tester units, which allow customers to experiment with every shade and offer plenty of tissues, cotton balls, mirrors, and makeup remover. Although I could argue that it doesn't take loads of shimmer and glitter to create very sexy makeup, I'll keep my comments focused on the products themselves, a surprising number of which are quite good and moderately priced.
Items worth checking out include the Liquid eyeliner, Face Illuminator and the impressive Long Wear Lip Shine. The lack of foundation options and a disregard for sufficient UVA protection in every product sporting an SPF rating is disappointing. If you happen to be visiting Victoria's Secret for their annual bra sale you might want to check out some of their makeup items just for the fun of it.
For more information about Victoria's Secret Cosmetics, call (800) 411-5116 or visit www.victoriassecret.com/beauty.
Paula Begoun is the best-selling author of 20 books on skin care and makeup. She is known worldwide as the Cosmetics Cop and creator of Paula's Choice. Paula's expertise has led to hundreds of appearances on national and international television including:
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A.J. Burnett nearly perfect in 5-0 win over Cardinals
Final: Pirates 5, Cardinals 0 (box)
WP: A.J. Burnett (1-2, 2.63 ERA)
LP: Shelby Miller (2-1, 1.96 ERA)
A.J. Burnett was perfect through 5 1/3 innings and carried a no-hitter into the seventh inning. His only two blemishes were a hit by pitch and a double to Carlos Beltran. He also struck out eight batters in his seven innings. His second strikeout was the 2,000th of his career.
The Pirates rushed out to a 1-0 lead in the first inning on an RBI single by Travis Snider that scored Starling Marte, who reached on a leadoff triple. Marte is now hitting .615/.643/.923 when leading off games this year. Unreal.
The Pirates added a run in the sixth on an RBI single by Neil Walker and added another in the seventh when Russell Martin scored on a throwing error by 3B David Freese on a Starling Marte ground ball. The Bucs would then add on some more insurance in the eight inning when Gaby Sanchez doubled in Andrew McCutchen. Sanchez would then score on a Pedro Alvarez single.
Page 1 of 2 | Next page


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News Menu
News Home |
General News |
Alumni News |
Limestone Welcomes Alumni Back April 16-18 |
A host of activities is planned for Limestone College's 2010 Alumni Weekend scheduled for April 16-17, and people in Cherokee County are invited to take part. A host of activities are planned throughout the weekend. Friday, April 166:30 p.m.; Shindig at the Cabin (On North Limestone Street between City Hall and First Baptist Church) In conjunction with the City of Gaffney's "Shindig at the Cabin," Limestone kicks off its 2010 Alumni Weekend and the entire Cherokee community is invited to take part in the block-party style celebration which is an inviting venue for people to visit friends and classmates. Limestone will provide food from Daddy Joe's BBQ for college alumni and faculty/staff attending the event. Catering for the general public will be provided at a separate location. Charlotte-based band "Nightshift featuring Sammy O'Banion" will perform at the Shindig, and will entertain the crowd with their mix of 60's, beach, Motown and country music. Cost per plate is only $5.00 (barbecue, side items, dessert, tea/water); however, because food is limited, advance tickets can be purchased by calling (864) 488-4602. Saturday, April 17 2:30 p.m.; Alumni Band and Chorus Concert; Fullerton Auditorium; Free and Open to the Public Anyone wishing to attend any of these events is asked to contact the Limestone Alumni Programs office at 864.488.4602. |


text: Can anyone help me out? I like the new version of the PotC game but I don't get how the scores work. I noticed on the VMK home page that there were high scores for Pirates and that they were around 400. How do know what your score ends up being? What do those different icons mean? I get really confused about scoring on this game.


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She was a member of Lamb of God Church and loved singing and worshipping the Lord.
She was preceded in death by her parents, William Lonzo and Martha Garrett.
She is survived by her husband, Joe Ledford; daughter, Samantha Ledford; three brothers: Johnny Garrett, Billy Garrett and James Garrett; three sisters: Evonne Garrett and Becky Sprague, both of Cleveland, and sister, Vera Craig of Old Fort; and several nieces, nephews and extended family.
A graveside service will be held at 11 a.m. Friday, July 12, 2013, at Fort Hill Cemetery with minister Harrison Hyde officiating.
Pallbearers will be James Garrett, Johnny Garrett, Andy Garrett, Erick Garrett, James Ledford and Brandon Pridemore.
Please visit the Ledford guest book at www.serenityfunerals.com to leave a message of condolence.
Professional services have been entrusted to Serenity Funeral Home and Cremation Center, LLC. of Cleveland.


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50% OFF SALE! Only $0.99!!
Test your knowledge of U.S. geography in this top-selling, explosive, action-packed game of wit and reflexes. Identify the states, pick out the capitals, and unlock the achievements. You gotta be fast, focused, and determined to break through and demolish the highest score!
This is geography like you've never seen it before. So go ahead and make your 5th grade teacher proud and prove to them you've really made something of yourself – you've mastered the iQ: Geography challenge!


text:
Results 1 to 10 of 29
I am fresh out of Windows 2k and I want to get into Linux. I have installed Mandrake Linux 9.1 on a partition I made on my hard drive. I ...
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- 09-03-2003 #1
- Join Date
- Sep 2003
- Posts
- 12
New from Windows, and horribly confused
1) When I log in as root, the background is red in KDE, and it says something to the effect of "Hey, you are logged in as root, this could be awful, might go around screwing things up and all..." And there is NOTHING on my "desktop" (is that what it's called in Linux? Sorry for the Windowisms)...is this normal?
2) I want to install display drivers for my ATI Radeon 9000 Pro AGP. When I download the drivers from ATI, the XFree 4.2 version, and try to run it, I get this message:
To satisfy dependencies, the following packages are going to be installed (13 MB):
Is this OK?
(I press OK)
It then says:
The signature of the package "fglrx-glc222-4.2.0-2.5.1.i586.rpm" is not correct:
No GPG signature in package
Do you want to install it anyway?
Yes/Yes to all/No
(I click yes)
Then I get the error:
There was an error during packages installation:
Problems occured during installation:
file/usr/X11R6/lib/libGL.so.1.2 from install of fglrx-glc-4.2.0-2.5.1 conflicts with file from package XFree86-libs- 4.3-5mdk
Then I get the error:
Installation failed
I thought logging in as root would fix this error, but apparently not. All I wanna do is get to fraggin' on some HL servers!
3) When I navigate to my /mnt/win_e folder, and locate some stuff on my Windows partitions, and try to start some .exes, like f@h, I get errors saying that Nautilus cannot find a viewer for the file.
More to come, probably, as I am a dunce...but I am cold loving Linux right now!
- 09-03-2003 #2
- Join Date
- Nov 2002
- Location
- Queens, NY
- Posts
- 1,319
1. Do not log in as root. You can do a lot of damage as the warning suggest. Instead, log in as a normal user then if you need to do any admin stuff, become user by using the command 'su'
2. I'm skipping this since I don't have the knowledge to answer this question.
3. Are you in KDE or Gnome? Nautilus is used by Gnome. Anyhow, you do realize that any file with the extension .exe are excutable programs? You can't run them because you are now in Linux. Linux will not recognize Windows executable files. It's like apples and oranges.The best things in life are free.
- 09-03-2003 #3
- Join Date
- Dec 2002
- Location
- New Zealand
- Posts
- 766
1) like bpark says, u shouldn't really be using a root login.
2) first problem is that u downloaded the wrong files. note XFree4.2..... and it says compatibility problems with ur installed XFree4.3.
I know those are the only ones on the ati site. Ati doesnt seem to care about linux users and hasnt updated those drivers in like a year. http://www.schneider-digital.de/down...linux_X4.3.zip This is the driver for all radeon 8000 and above cards for XFree 4.3.
u cant install it from a nautilus window because it needs the --force command to overwrite the default xfree opengl driver.
the signature problem is a bug in the mandrake rpm program. ignore it.
to install the file go to a terminal
change to root by typing su
Code:cd /path/to/downloaded/file/ unzip glx1_linux_X4.3.zip cd X4.3....(unzipped directory) rpm -Uivh fglrx....(rest of rpm filename)
as long as this is the ONLY error (apart from the signature failure) type
Code:rpm --force -Uivh fglrx...(rest of filename)
3) linux does not run windows execurables by clickign on them. IF u have wine or winex install (check by typing "rpm -qa|grep -i wine" at a terminal) u can start soem windoze programs by typing wine /mnt/windozepartition/pathtogame/game.exe
- 09-03-2003 #4
- Join Date
- Sep 2003
- Posts
- 12
Aha, most excellent, thank you all very much. No more logging in as root for moi. Yeah, I do need to get WINE, apparently that's how to play CS on Linux. Does nVidia care any more about Linux users than ATI does? I'll have to use the 8000 drivers in any case methinks. Any word on if and when ATI will release drivers for mah card?
New queries:
If I use Partition Magic in Win2k to create a Linux swap, how will I tell Linux where the swap is?
I know that GAIM comes with Mandrake Linux 9.1, but I am used to starting it from my win_e directory. When I double click on the .exe, it doesn't work, and I understand that now, but when I run gaim.exe from the terminal, it popus up just fine. Why is this?
Also, if I want to start a program via the terminal, but I want to avoid the excessive typing that incurs, is there some way I can create a script or something that will start it automatically, or would it be easier to create a link to the 'desktop'?
When I installed Mandrake Linux 9.1, and got to the point before bootloader is loaded and configured, where you add users, I chose to leave all the spaces blank and clicked "next" in efforts to aoid creating any user profiles, (because I am the only person who uses the computer), it freezes. Is this my fault, or a bug in programming, or what?
What is Gentoo, grub, and Redhat?
Sometimes when I start m machine, after it runs POST, I get a screen slowly being filled with L 99 99 99 99 99 over and over and over again. It stops eventually, but it commences to freeze afterwards. My friend who installed Mandrake Linux 9.1 had the same issue I did. Wtf?
- 09-03-2003 #5
- Join Date
- Nov 2002
- Location
- Queens, NY
- Posts
- 1,319
1. As far as I've heard, Nvidia has better support in Linux. I really wanted to get the ATI Radeon card from Crucial but withouth support, I'd rather be safe and go with the Nvidia cards.
2. Once you create the Linux swap, it needs to be mounted. Usually, you can do such thing by putting them inside /etc/fstab. If your swap was the 2nd partition on your first IDE drive, then this is what it would look like:Code:/dev/hda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
4. Depending on what you want to do, you can either create a script or use it as a desktop link. The first case will depend on which shell you are using
5. a. Gentoo - a distribution of Linux such as Red Hat, Mandrake, and Debian which is gaining it's audience
b. GRUB - GRand Unified Bootloader. It's a bootloader that pretty much replaces LILO (another bootloader)
c. Red Hat - the most popular distribution of Linux.
The last problem you state is something that I don't understand so I cannot answer it. Hopefully, someone else will be able to do that.The best things in life are free.
- 09-03-2003 #6
- Join Date
- Sep 2003
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- 12
So it would be...
Code:/dev/hda9 swap swap defaults 0 0
- 09-03-2003 #7
- Join Date
- Nov 2002
- Location
- Queens, NY
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- 1,319
How many partitions do you have on /dev/hda ?
The best things in life are free.
- 09-03-2003 #8
- Join Date
- Oct 2001
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- Täby, Sweden
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- 7,578
To check what partitions you have and what type they are of, run "fdisk -l /dev/hda". That has to be run as root, in case you're wondering.
I agree with bpark that gaim from the Windows partition sounds strange. Are you actually running the command as "gaim.exe", or just "gaim"? If you're running it as "gaim", then it's simply starting your Linux copy of gaim; that's why it works if that's the case.
A simple way to create a small "script" is to create an alias. Since almost all distributions use the bash shell, I assume that you do so too. To alias, for example, "ls -latr" to "lt" (ie. so that you just have to type lt to run "ls -latr", to list all files in reverse order sorted by time in long format), type this:
Code:alias lt="ls -latr"
The freeze in Mandrake's installation program that you mentioned is most likely a bug. In any case, you're supposed to create an account for yourself instead of logging in as root (which can be very dangerous, like the previous two have mentioned), so in that way there is no harm done. Admittedly, it's not very pretty, though. On the other hand, I've never had much faith in Mandrake.
That "L 99 99" that you're referring to seems like a BIOS fault or something. It's LILO's way of telling you that the BIOS is returning errors while it's trying to load the second stage boot loader off the hard drive. There is a very simple solution to this: use GRUB instead of LILO. GRUB is much better anyway.
- 09-04-2003 #9
- Join Date
- Sep 2003
- Posts
- 12
I will answer the other questions later, 'cause I just got home and I have about an hour of consciousness left, and I want to mess with Linux all I can before I go to sleep. I want to download WINE so I can play CS, and what I need to know is...what is the difference between a .rpm and a .tgz? Which do I need?
If I download a program such as Folding@Home for Linux, which would be a good directory to save the program to? Or would it be better to make my own folder? Also, is there a "add/delete programs" type thing for Linux?
Also, I am pretty sure I am running LILO, and it seems that more peeps like GRUB. Where can I download this at, or do I already have it and need to change to it?
Also, once I get going and know my way around Linux, should I change to SuSE or Redhat or something? I get the impression that Mandrake is for noobs, which I am but I am looking towards the future and all
- 09-04-2003 #10
- Join Date
- Dec 2002
- Location
- New Zealand
- Posts
- 766
the reason gaim works from the terminal is that u have wine installed by default, adn programs run from the terminal will be detected as windoze exes at run in wine. double cliking does not do this.


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text: [singlepic id=176 w=200 h=120 float=left]Casey Turner from Big Brother 11 would like you to know that he is now accepting Banana Themed Mail LOL Casey T. P.O. Bx. 11961 St. Petersburg, Fl. 33733 I'm thinking a lot of yellow stationary with a banana scent are coming his way! Come join us in the forum! November 27, 2009By KaseyBig Brother FacebookshareTwittertweetGoogle+sharePinterestpin it About the author Original founder of the Yak back in the stone age of 2008. When she is not writing and enjoying her online world, Kasey can be found dancing at the beach, climbing Mount Everest, and resting in the shade under the old oak tree... Well, maybe just resting. To read more about Kasey, visit the Yak Staff Page. Tiger Woods hurt in car crashJust cause…. Related StoriesDid Frankie Break the #RenomRule ?August 18, 2014Big Brother: Derrick's Grandfather has DiedJuly 25, 2014Big Brother: Frankie's Grandfather Has DiedJuly 23, 2014"Big Brother 16″ First HOH Competition PREVIEWJune 24, 2014Big Brother 16: "Most Twisted Season Ever," Featuring 2 HOHsJune 18, 2014"Big Brother" Two-Night HD Premiere, Plus "All-Nighter" with Jeff SchroederJune 12, 2014


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Document Type Doctoral Thesis Author Pitsoe, Victor Justice email@example.com URN etd-05202008-171501 Document Title A conceptual analysis of constructivist classroom management Degree PhD (Education Management, Law and Policy) Department Education Management and Policy Studies Supervisor
Advisor Name Title Dr F J Nieuwenhuis Supervisor Keywords
- instructionist classroom management
- constructivist classroom management
- outcomes-based education
- Revised National Curriculum Statement
- Curriculum 2005
- policy implementation
- constructivism
Date 2008-04-10 Availability unrestricted Abstract Outcomes-based education (OBE) (at least at a conceptual level) is moving from an instructionist (teacher as transmitter of knowledge) to a constructivist approach (teacher as mediator and facilitator in the construction of meaning). This shift requires teachers that move from a traditional teacher-centred classroom to a learner-centred classroom management approach. The policy originators label this shift as a "paradigm shift", but in the training of educators in OBE, no training was offered in terms of a new approach to classroom management. In this study I argue that if OBE in the South African context really constitute a paradigm shift, then at conceptual level, it would require a new approach to classroom management. Against this background, the aim of the study is to conceptually interrogate the notion of constructivist classroom management and investigate how classroom management within a constructivist mode differs from traditional classroom management within an instructionist approach.
This study is qualitative in nature and employs conceptual analysis in the form of conceptual historical analysis, conceptual cartography and hermeneutic analysis. The Wilsonian concept analysis was used to examine and distinguish between the defining attributes of the concepts "instructionist classroom management" and "constructivist classroom management" and their relevant attributes. Also, a typology of non-empirical questions applied to conceptual analysis was used. The Matrix of Paradigmatic Value Systems was used as a tool/lens to categorise "instructionist classroom management" and "constructivist classroom management" in terms of their paradigmatic roots. Credibility and authenticity was achieved through crystallisation instead of triangulation.
Emerging from the literature and concept analysis, "instructionist classroom management" is informed and guided by the traditional paradigm – it is based on a mechanistic worldview. On the other hand, "constructivist classroom management" is compatible with the emerging paradigm – it has holistic and artistic features. Traditional classroom management is underpinned by the principles of scientific management whilst constructivist classroom management is informed and guided by contingency approaches to management theory.
Based on the analysis done and the reflection on the data, it is posited that classroom management within a constructivist setting needs to move from traditional to contingency classroom management approach. On the surface, basic management principles such as, planning, organising, leading and control, appear to be similar, but this is a myth. For example, planning, seen from its traditional defining terms, approaches classroom management as a step-by-step process under control and directed by the teacher; and may restrict the degree to which learners become collaborators in the teaching and learning situation. Organising focuses on issues of group work and collaborates learning; control moves to accountability (where learners become part of the development of class rules and partners in ensuring order and discipline); and evaluation moves to ongoing assessment and feedback as a strategy to ensure continuous improvement and the facilitation of the construction of new knowledge. Thus, this study proposes rethinking a set of principles compatible to the emergent paradigm that should not only support the construction of knowledge in the constructivist setting, but also promote collaborative interaction.
© University of Pretoria 2007
Filename Size Approximate Download Time (Hours:Minutes:Seconds)
28.8 Modem 56K Modem ISDN (64 Kb) ISDN (128 Kb) Higher-speed Access 00front.pdf 56.65 Kb 00:00:15 00:00:08 00:00:07 00:00:03 < 00:00:01 01chapters1-2.pdf 190.69 Kb 00:00:52 00:00:27 00:00:23 00:00:11 00:00:01 02chapter3.pdf 177.89 Kb 00:00:49 00:00:25 00:00:22 00:00:11 < 00:00:01 03chapter4.pdf 91.72 Kb 00:00:25 00:00:13 00:00:11 00:00:05 < 00:00:01 04chapter5.pdf 139.21 Kb 00:00:38 00:00:19 00:00:17 00:00:08 < 00:00:01 05chapters6-7.pdf 169.54 Kb 00:00:47 00:00:24 00:00:21 00:00:10 < 00:00:01 06back.pdf 9.96 Mb 00:46:07 00:23:43 00:20:45 00:10:22 00:00:53


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Before creating beautiful experiences, design entails finding original ways of solving business problems by focusing on people.
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Learn more about the Scholar Rescue Fund
"Fraulein Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began." —Albert Einstein, 1935
A Jewish woman in early 20th century Germany, Emmy Noether worked without pay or title for much of her life. Alive at a time when girls were not supposed to attend college preparatory schools, she was often forbidden from lecturing under her own name. Despite these obstacles, Noether became one of the greatest algebraists of the century, known for her theorems in ring theory and for changing the way mathematicians approach their subject. "She taught us to think in simple and general terms... and not in complicated algebraic calculations," a colleague remarked.
Despite her intellectual achievements and the recognition of prominent mathematicians, Noether endured years of poor treatment by German universities. In 1933, she lost her teaching position due to being a Jew and a woman, and was forced out of Germany by the Nazis. Noether came to Bryn Mawr College through the help of IIE's Emergency Committee, and soon collected many students and colleagues around her. The post at Bryn Mawr was the first time in her life that Noether had been given a normal faculty appointment.
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Clemente, C. and Soraghan, J.J. (2011) Bistatic slant range approximation using Chebyshev polynomials. In: 2011 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, Kansas City, USA, pp. 789-792. ISBN 9781424489015
| PDF - Draft Version Download (809Kb) | Preview |
The interest in bistatic SAR continues to increase due to the key advantages introduced by the use of two different platforms to transmit and receive signals [1]. There are two main operational issues that need to be addressed in bistatic SAR systems. The first is the requirement of an accurate syncronization between the transmitter and the receiver while the second is the capability to handle the particular bistatic slant range function in the processing algorithms [2]. [3]. The Chebyshev polynomial are shown to provide a more accurate approximation of the slant range function with negligible increased processing requirements. © 2011 IEEE.
Item type: | Book Section |
ID code: | 33231 |
Keywords: | bistatic slant range, approximation, Chebyshev polynomials, Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
Subjects: | Technology > Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
Department: | Faculty of Engineering > Electronic and Electrical Engineering Technology and Innovation Centre > Sensors and Asset Management |
Related URLs: | |
Depositing user: | Pure Administrator |
Date Deposited: | 14 Sep 2011 16:44 |
Last modified: | 25 Apr 2014 00:11 |
URI: | http://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/33231 |
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Wang Jianjun was a colonel in the army for 25 years working in the west of China before switching to photography less than 10 years ago. Today he is ranked one of the ten most famous photographers in China and has been awarded the Chinese Photographers Association's "China Photography Golden Award". Wang Jianjun has travelled widely in China and concentrates on landscape photography, mainly in the western regions including Tibet, Sichuan, Yunan and Gansu provinces.
Wang JianJun was a colonel in the Chinese army for 25 years and traveled a great deal in connection with his work. He often had his camera with him and began to take photographs of the fantastic Chinese landscapes through which he traveled. Many of his images are from Tibet, Sichuan, Yunan, and Gansu provinces.
He has now worked as a professional assignment photographer for several years, but devotes half of his time to his own projects.
His clients include publishers, website producers, advertising agencies, and film and camera manufacturers.His own projects include several photo books. He just recently finished work on a book entitled "Western Sceneries", but he has already begun work on two new books. "Kan Ding", the name of a place in China, and "Diary of Hasselblad Photography", a book about his work with Hasselblad cameras. He is also outlining a third book. It will be entitled "Namu" and is based on images from Mount Everest.
Wang JianJun's Hasselblad equipment consists of a Hasselblad 202FA, a 501CM, and a Hasselblad XPan.
"I take inspirationa and knowledge from both new and established photographers. I also try to listen to those who look at my photos. I have much to learn from them."
Kerstin Fiedler


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Missoula County Attorney - Home
Fred Van Valkenburg, the Missoula County Attorney, is an elected official who serves as both the public prosecutor for the State of Montana and as the legal advisor for all county officials within Missoula County.
Fred has been the Missoula County Attorney since December, 1998. He began working in the office as a Deputy County Attorney in June, 1985. He graduated from Gonzaga University in 1970 and the University of Montana School of Law in 1973. He is a past President of the Montana County Attorneys Association and a member of the National District Attorneys Association.
The County Attorney's office has 19 Deputy County Attorneys and is divided into two divisions: Criminal and Civil.
Criminal Division
The Criminal Division is responsible for the prosecution of all felony offenses which occur anywhere within Missoula County and all misdemeanor offenses which occur outside the city limits of the City of Missoula. These primarily include referrals from the Missoula County Sheriff, the Missoula City Police Department and the Montana Highway Patrol but also include numerous other law enforcement agencies. In addition, the division handles the prosecution of all persons under the age of 18 in Youth Court.
Included within the Criminal Division is the Bad Checks Department. This program handles the collection of non-sufficient funds (NSF) and closed account checks which have been returned by a financial institution to the payee. Please see our office policy regarding bad checks. If you have received a bad check and would like our office to prosecute, you must first send a letter to the bad check writer requesting that the check be made good. We also require that you provide us with some information regarding the incident. Note: checks which have been forged must be referred to an appropriate law enforcement agency for an investigation before any action can be taken by this office.
Civil Division
Recent Information for People Concerned About Mortgage Exemptions - Click Here
The Civil Division is responsible for providing legal advice to the County Commissioners, all county departments and to many sub-jurisdictions (such as school, fire, conservation, and weed districts) within Missoula County. In that regard, the division does a substantial amount of work on public health and land use issues for both the county Health Department and the Office of Planning and Grants (OPG).
In addition, the division represents the State of Montana in all proceedings in Missoula County involving enforcement of state laws covering Child Abuse or Neglect and Involuntary Commitments due to mental illness. Finally, the division performs the County Attorney's duties as Public Administrator of the estates of persons who die without any heirs.
NOTE: The County Attorney's Office no longer handles Child Support Collection. For child support matters, contact the Missoula area Child Support Enforcement Office at 329-7910 or the State of Montana Child Support Enforcement Division.


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