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F.A.Q. Nursing
Can I be enrolled in the prerequisites and still apply to the Nursing Program?
Yes you may, although completion with a grade is considered to be better.
Where can I get my CPR card?
TCC Continuing Education offers classes periodically, the American Heart Association, fire stations, and hospitals. Note: We only accept AHA Healthcare Provider cards.
Where can I get my TB skin test done?
You can have a TB skin test done at your primary doctor, hospital, or the health department.
What is the first step in applying to the Nursing Program?
First you must apply and be accepted into Tulsa Community College and complete the prerequisite semester.
If I am not accepted can I reapply?
Yes you may. Your application will be active for one year, after one year you must reapply.
How many students apply to the Nursing Program?
It varies from semester to semester and on the supply and demand for nurses in the surrounding area.
How many students are accepted to the Nursing Program?
We accept approximately 150 students in the spring semester into the Traditional Track.
Does TCC offer a clinical refresher course?
TCC does not offer clinical refresher courses on a regular basis. You can contact area hospitals for more information.
Do you offer an LPN program?
No we do not offer an LPN program at this time. These are offered through the vocational technology schools. We offer the LPN/Paramedic to RN option that allows completion of our program in three semesters.
How long is the program?
The program is designed to be completed in five semesters, which includes the prerequisite semester.
What degree will I earn?
After completion of the program you would earn an Associates degree in Applied Science.
If I have all the general education classes completed can I complete the program quicker?
The four semesters of nursing courses cannot be combined. The nursing courses in each semester must be completed with a grade of "C" or higher before a student can take the nursing course for the next semester.
How many hours can I work and still do well in the Nursing Program?
That varies on the student's academic ability. We recommend that you study two to three hours a week for every credit hour that you are enrolled in.
Are there tips for applying to the Nursing Program?
Do not wait until the final days of the application period to begin accumulating necessary documents or to submit your application.
· Incomplete applications will not be processed, so check to make sure it is complete.
· Applicants should read all application information completely and thoroughly.
· Applicants should verify completeness of the application and receipt of all required documentation before the application deadline.
· Be sure to keep the Nursing Division Office and the TCC Registrar Office informed of any changes in address, phone, or name.
· Applicants should turn in their application and materials all together at Metro Campus.
Will I be admitted if I met these minimum requirements?
It is not a guarantee. We accept students on a point system basis. The more general education courses that are completed prior to application the greater your chances are for being accepted.
Where can I get an application to apply to the Nursing Program?
You can download the forms on the Nursing Division Webpage listed under the "Downloadable Forms" link, or you can contact the Nursing Division Office at (918)595-7075 and request one. If you have to leave a message please speak clearly, give your name, and phone number.
Is the Nursing Program considered a full-time program?
The Nursing Division considers it full-time, even if all of your general education courses are completed, because of the study-time involved in the program.
What clinical sites are used?
We utilize multiple clinical sights throughout the greater Tulsa area. (i.e. see clinical partners.) Our sights include major hospital systems, nursing homes, medical related offices, etc.
What is the Nelson-Denny test?
The Nelson-Denny test is a reading test for speed and comprehension. The primary use of the Nelson-Denny is to screen for reading problems which can be a predictor of academic success in the nursing program.
Do you have a part-time Nursing program?
No. Although if you have completed all the general education courses in the curriculum prior to being accepted, you may not be considered full-time by the college if you are only taking nursing courses, but you would be attending classes &/or clinicals as much as a full-time student.
How do I obtain my healthcare documentation?
You may get your healthcare records from your physician or the health department. Further details regarding immunizations can be found on the last page of the Nursing application.


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"I made this for my residents and they loved it. I did substitute the crust for a ground pecan and brown sugar crust. I made it that morning and it was ready by 11:00 a.m.. I would definately make it again."

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text: Big Pooh, who many of you hip-hop lovers might remember as being a part of the group Little Brother, working with the multi-talented Anna Yvette is enough to blow your head. Anna sticking to her (awesome) production on this, and Pooh giving his take on what goes down in the club?! We're loving this. Not sure if this means that we'll see more Big Pooh/Anna Yvette material coming, but this is a bottom-heavy cut that might set off whatever goes down in the champagne room.


text:
After Darwin's Plots
Gillian Beer
Beer's short essay reflects on three essays which were originally delivered as papers during the 2009 autumn session of the London Nineteenth-Century Studies seminar.
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Dec 31, 2012 5:24 PM by Adam Bell
One of the biggest things that comes along with the New Year, is New Years' resolutions. But the challenge is maintaining them.
Consistently atop most of the resolution lists, losing weight, or staying fit. While local gyms see a significant increase in memberships at the beginning of the year, within a few months, that number begins to decline. But there are a few things you can do to make sure that doesn't happen to you in 2013.
"The best thing you could possibly do is everything in moderation. And that includes exercise too. You can't just start off and go crazy and think that that's going to be, your're going to be able to maintain that. And just grab a friend to go to the gym. Have someone to hold you accountable, because that's really the way to make it last," says Ridge Employee Krista Kottraba.
It's also recommended that you learn about your gym, including what classes might be offered that can help keep you in shape.
5 hours ago


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The four-color photo on the front page of the local daily paper immediately caught my eye, but not with a reaction the editors desired.
When my son was just a little shaver, he came home from school one day, his big blue eyes sparkling, and said, "Mom, I have a new best friend! Can I invite my friend to come and stay overnight?" Cort knew about overnight visits from his older cousins, who always had extra kids around, their homes filled with fun and games and laughter.
NOTE: Below is the first of a two columns on a now-collapsing, multimillion-dollar farmer-owned cooperative.
My voice echoed in my daughter's half-empty room when I called out to Mark, "Yes, I think we've packed everything.
I am the mother I warned myself about. In all those blissful early years of having children (babies, really), I had big plans to do very little.
Decisions! Decisions! Which of more than a dozen jottings gets the lead paragraph for this column? And suddenly, Mother Nature makes the decision with a dazzling offering on the sunny last day of summer as a friend and I admired the just-mowed pasture.
A sign recognizing him as 2006 Cooperator of the Year was presented to Mike Sloan during the 63rd annual meeting of the Ashland Soil and Water Conservation District held at the Ashland County Career Center recently.
LEXINGTON, Ky. – Women involved in agriculture or those interested in agriculture, rural living and local foods should attend the annual conference of the Kentucky Women in Agriculture, Oct.
HARRISBURG, Pa. – Mark Riley of Williamsfield, Ohio, topped 85 other contestants to win the senior division of the 10th annual showmanship contest.
WOOSTER, Ohio – Ohio State University scientists are using a $1 million U.S. Department of Agriculture grant to study the relationship between wild birds and E.
CLEVELAND – Renewable energy-powered and energy-efficient homes and buildings in Ohio and throughout the nation will be showcased during free open houses and guided and self-guided public tours Oct.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns resigned from his post Sept. 19. Below is the full text of his resignation letter to President Bush.
BURTON, Ohio – The 2007 Geauga County Junior Fair Dairy Show was Aug. 31 at the Geauga County Fairgrounds.
CASSADAGA, N.Y. – Doug and Colleen Aldrich of Cassadaga, N.Y., recently hosted a grazing field day at their farm.
LONDON, Ohio – Five farm families were honored at the Farm Science Review Sept. 20 for their implementation of natural resource conservation practices.
COLUMBUS – This season's drought may be the cause of stunted ears being found throughout Ohio's cornfields.
Harold Bateson, a farmer-member of the USDA Farm Service Agency state committee, catches the ear of Ohio Gov.
COLUMBUS – The antlerless deer permit, new for the 2007-2008 hunting season, allows hunters the opportunity to harvest up to seven deer in Ohio, according to the
LEWISBURG, W.Va. – Angus enthusiasts led 124 entries at the 2007 State Fair of West Virginia Roll of Victory Angus Show Aug.
LOUISVILLE, Ohio – Have you ever wondered what things make alpacas go "Hmmm"? When and where. Learn this and more when you visit a local alpaca farm to celebrate the first-ever "National Alpaca Farm Day" Sept.


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National Institutes of Health/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Child Health Development
The Department of Pediatrics and the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA is dedicated to training pediatric subspecialty physician-scientists to focus on fundamental understanding of pediatric diseases and conduct research that will lead to novel approaches for treatment. The overall objective of the UCLA T32-TRPS is to increase the number and impact of pediatric physician-scientists engaged in child health related research that can translate to the bedside. With guidance from program faculty, T32-TRPS trainees select scientific mentors from well-established investigators in pediatrics and other clinical and basic science departments.
Eligibility Criteria:
- Fellows in their second and third year of fellowship starting July 1st.
- The project must be in a field relevant to pediatrics and be in a basic or translational area of research.
- Dedicated 75% protected time towards the research project.
- Must have future plans of submitting extra-mural grant applications and provide an annual progress report on funding, grant submissions and publication track record.
- Mentors must be principal investigators on a non-mentored NIH grant or equivalent.
- Applicants must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents (NIH-funded grant).
Grant Format/Submission:
Failure to meet the requirements for grant format will lead to an administrative disqualification of the proposal. The T32 grant applications should include (in this order) (application guidelines):
- Face page with the fellow's name and year of fellowship, fellow's division/institution, email, fellowship director, mentor's name, mentor's department/division, title of the project, 200 word abstract
- NIH Biosketch for the fellow and mentor (NIH biographical sketch format page and NIH biographical sketch sample)
- The scientific proposal (5-page limit)
- References
- A one page statement from the applicant regarding immediate and future career plans
- Letter from the Scientific Mentor regarding career development and provision of laboratory/research resources
- Letters from the Scholarship Oversight Committee (3 letters minimum)
- Letter from the Division Chief guaranteeing protected time
- Those who were funded the previous year are eligible to apply again for an additional year of funding by submitting a progress report (progress report guidelines).
The entire grant must be submitted/emailed to Emily Manczuk as a singled pdf file less than 2 megabite in size. If the grant includes high resolution images, these must be reduced to meet the size requirement. Failure to provide a single pdf file or a file that is too big will result in disqualification. No budget is required, but the scope of work should be appropriate for 1 year project and the funds will be used entirely for the fellow's salary.
Other Details:
- The duration of the award is July 1st - June 30th.
- The application will be peer reviewed according to the NIH scoring system. Up to four awards may be funded per year.
- The peer review is based on the potential of the candidate to be successful in an academic career, the significance and approach of the science proposed, the proposed mentorship and the scientific environment provided by the mentor as well as the detailed training and career plans.
- Fellows must have a Scholarship Oversight Committee in place.
- Awardees are expected to present their data at Science Day and at national pediatric or subspecialty meeting.
- This proposal does not need to be submitted to Finance and Research Administration for review.
Principal Investigator: Sherin U. Devaskar, M.D.
Co-Principal Investigators: Brigitte Gomperts, M.D. and Martin Martin, M.D., M.P.P.
For additional assistance, please contact Emily Manczuk at (310) 825-5095


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Crewel embroidery
Crewel embroidery, or Crewelwork, is a type of crochet embroidery using wool and a variety of different embroidery stitches to follow a design outline applied to the fabric. The technique is at least a thousand years old. It was used in the Bayeux Tapestry, in Jacobean embroidery and in the Quaker Tapestry sewn in the 1980s.
The origin of the word crewel is unknown but is thought to come from an ancient word describing the curl in the staple, the single hair of the wool. Crewel wool has a long staple; it is fine and can be strongly twisted. Modern crewel wool is a fine, 2-ply or 1-ply yarn available in many different colours.
Description of the technique[edit]
The crewel technique is not a counted-thread embroidery (like canvas work), but a style of free embroidery. It was in the 17th Century, its heyday, and now traditionally worked on a closely woven linen twill ground "Jacobean linen twill" fabric, typically linen or cotton. This linen is part of the design and many stitches allow the sight of the linen through and around the design. More recently commercially made crewel is being made on Matka silk, cotton velvet, rayon velvet, silk organza, net fabric and also jute. A firm fabric is required to support the weight of the stitching. Special crewel needles or [sewing needle] are required, with a wide body, large eye and a sharp point.
The outlines of the design to be worked are often screen printed onto the fabric or can be transferred to plain fabric using modern transfer pens, containing water soluble ink or air soluble ink, or iron-on designs applied using transfer sheets. The old fashioned "pinprick and chalk" or "prick and pounce" methods also work well. This is where the design outlines on paper are pricked with a needle to produce perforations along the lines. Powdered chalk or pounce material is then forced through the holes onto the fabric using a felt pad or stipple brush in order to replicate the design on the material.
Designs range from the traditional to more contemporary patterns. The traditional design styles are often referred to as Jacobean embroidery featuring highly stylized floral and animal designs with flowing vines and leaves.
Many different embroidery stitches are used in crewelwork to create a textured and colorful effect. Unlike silk or cotton embroidery threads, crewel wool is thicker and creates a raised, dimensional feel to the work. Some of the techniques and stitches include:
- Outlining stitches such as stem stitch, chain stitch and split stitch
- Satin stitches to create flat, filled areas within a design
- Couched stitches, where one thread is laid on the surface of the fabric and another thread is used to tie it down. Couching is often used to create a trellis effect within an area of the design.
- Seed stitches, applied randomly in an area to give a lightly shaded effect
- French knots are commonly used in floral and fruit motifs for additional texture
- Laid and Couched Work
- Long and Short "soft shading"
Crewel embroidery was, in the past, embroidered to create elaborate and expensive bed hangings and curtains. Now it is most often used to decorate cushions, curtains, clothing and wall hangings. Recently several other items such as Lamp Shades, Handbags, have been added to ever growing list of crewel home furnishings. A Tambour Work technique is also used for creating chain stitched rugs, and is sometimes referred to as crewel work.
Unlike canvas work, crewel embroidery requires the use of an embroidery hoop or frame on which the material is stretched taut and secured prior to stitching. This ensures an even amount of tension in the stitches, so that designs do not become distorted. Although nowadays, crewel and free embroidery is generally executed with a small portable hoop, early embroidery was executed on large free standing frames. Such free standing frames were common parlor furniture in most homes. The rectangular canvas mount could tilt and pivot over so that the needleworker could also access the back of the canvas with ease.
See also[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (February 2012) |
External links[edit]
- How Crewel – Feature about the history and development of crewel work, with photographs


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Mangalore ಮಂಗಳೂರು/ಕುಡ್ಲ(Tulu) |
Corporation City | |
Town Hall of Mangaluru
Nickname(s): Cradle of Indian Banking [1] Gateway of Karnataka [2] |
Coordinates: 12°52′N 74°53′E / 12.87°N 74.88°ECoordinates: 12°52′N 74°53′E / 12.87°N 74.88°E | |
Country | India |
State | Karnataka |
Region | Tulunadu |
District | Dakshina Kannada |
Area | |
• Corporation City | 132.45 km2 (51.14 sq mi) |
• Metro | 200 km2 (77.22 sq mi) |
Elevation | 22 m (72 ft) |
Population (2011)[3] | |
• Corporation City | 499,487 |
• Rank | 92 |
• Density | 3,800/km2 (9,800/sq mi) |
• Metro[4] | 623,841 |
Demonym | Mangalorean Kudladaru Mangalurinavaru |
Languages | |
• Official | Tulu, Kannada, Konkani, Byari language, English |
Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
PIN | 575001 to 575030[5] |
Telephone code | +91-(0)824 |
Vehicle registration | KA-19,KA-62 |
Website | www |
Mangalore (i/ˈmæŋɡəlɔr/) (Kudla in Tulu, Kodiyāl in Konkani, Mangaluru (ಮಂಗಳೂರು) in Kannada, Mangalaapuram in Malayalam and Maikāla in Beary bashe), is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located about 350 kilometres (220 mi) west of the state capital, Bangalore. Mangalore lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges, and is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada (formerly South Canara) district in south western Karnataka.[6] With its pristine beaches, broad roads and calm localities this coastal city was declared the eighth cleanest city in India.[7] Mangalore ranked India's 13th place in top business destination and in Karnataka its second after Bangalore.[8]
It developed as a port on the Arabian Sea—remaining, to this day, a major port of India. Lying on the backwaters of the Netravati and Gurupura rivers, Mangalore is often used as a staging point for sea traffic along the Malabar Coast.[9] The city has a tropical climate and lies in the path of the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West monsoons. Mangalore's port handles 75 per cent of India's coffee exports and the bulk of the nation's cashew exports.[10]
Mangalore was ruled by several major powers, including the Kadambas, Vijayanagar dynasty, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, and the Portuguese. The city was a source of contention between the British and the Mysore rulers, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. Tipu Sultan built a famous outpost called Sulthan Batteri rumoured to have tunnel access till Mysore. Eventually annexed by the British in 1799, Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India's independence in 1947.[11] The city was unified with the state of Mysore (now called Karnataka) in 1956.[12]
Mangalore is demographically diverse with several languages, including Tulu, Konkani, Kannada, and Beary bashe commonly spoken, and is the largest city of Tulu Nadu region. The city's landscape is characterised by rolling hills, coconut palms, freshwater streams, and hard red-clay tiled-roof buildings.[13] In an exercise carried out by the Urban Development Ministry under the national urban sanitation policy, Mangalore was placed as the eighth cleanest city in the country. In Karnataka, it is second after Mysore.[14]
Mangalore was named after the Hindu deity Mangaladevi, the presiding deity of the Mangaladevi temple[15] or a synonym of Tara Bhagvati of the Vajrayana Buddhist sect.[16] According to local legend, Matsyendranath, the founder of the Nath tradition, arrived in the area with a princess from Kerala named Parimala or Premaladevi. Having converted Premaladevi to the Nath sect, Matsyendranath renamed her Mangaladevi.[17] After her death, the Mangaladevi temple was consecrated in her honour at Bolar in Mangalore.[18] The city got its name from the Mangaladevi temple.[19]
One of the earliest references to the city's name was made in 715 CE by the Pandyan King Chettian, who called the city Mangalapuram.[20] The 14th-century Arabian traveller Ibn Battuta referred to Mangalore as Manjarur in his chronicles.[21] The city is also called Mangalore, a reference to Mangaladevi (the suffix ūru means town or city).[18] During the British occupation in 1799, Mangalore (anglicised from Mangalore), stuck as the official appellation.[22] However, according to historian George M. Moraes, the word "Mangalore" is the Portuguese corruption of Mangalore.[23]
Mangalore's diverse communities have different names for the city in their languages. In Tulu, the primary spoken language, the city is called Kudla, meaning junction, since the city is situated at the confluence of the Netravati and Gurupura rivers.[18] In Konkani, Mangalore is referred to as Kodial.[18] The Beary name for the city is Maikala, meaning wood charcoal, an attribution to the early practice of producing charcoal from wood on the banks of the Netravati river.[18] On the occasion of Suvarna Karnataka (Golden Karnataka) in 2006, the Government of Karnataka stated that the city would be renamed Mangalooru, though this change in name is not implemented.[24] Center government have approved this request in October 2014 and Mangalore is renamed (along with other 12 cities) to "Mangaluru" on November 1, 2014.[25]
The area that is now Mangalore has been mentioned in many ancient works of Hindu history. The name of this town appears in maps as early as the 1652 Sanson Map of India.[28] In the epic Ramayana, Lord Rama ruled over the region, while in the epic Mahabharata, Sahadeva, the youngest of the Pandavas, governed the area.[18] Arjuna, the hero of Mahabharata, also visited the area when he travelled from Gokarna to Adoor, a village near Kasargod.[29] Mangalore's historical importance is highlighted by the many references to the city by foreign travellers. Cosmas Indicopleustes, a Greek monk, referred to the port of Mangalore as Mangarouth.[30] Pliny the Elder, a Roman historian, made references to a place called Nitrias,[31] while Greek historian Ptolemy referred to a place called Nitra.[32] Ptolemy's and Pliny the Elder's references were probably made to the Netravati River, which flows through Mangalore. Ptolemy also referred to the city as Maganoor in some of his works.[33]
In the third century BCE, the town formed part of the Maurya Empire, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha. The region was known as Sathia (Shantika) during the Mauryan regime. From second century CE to sixth century CE, the Kadamba dynasty ruled over the region. From 567 to 1325, the town was ruled by the native Alupa rulers.[34] The Alupas ruled over the region as feudatories of major regional dynasties like the Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas of Kalyani, and Hoysalas.[35] Mangalapura (Mangalore) was the capital of the Alupa dynasty until the 14th century.[36] The city, then an important trading zone for Persian merchants, was visited by Adenese merchant Abraham Ben Yiju.[37] The Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta, who had visited the town in 1342, referred to it as Manjarun, and stated that the town was situated on a large estuary.[38] By 1345, the Vijayanagara rulers brought the region under their control.[35] Later, the Jain Kings ruled the town as feudatories of the Vijayanagar Empire, and brought the town firmly under an efficient and centralised administration.[34] In 1448, Abdul Razak, the Persian ambassador of Sultan Shah Rukh of Samarkand, visited Mangalore, and was amazed at a glorious temple he saw in the city, en route to Vijayanagara.[39]
According to the Scottish physician Francis Buchanan who visited Mangalore in 1801, Mangalore was a rich and prosperous port with flourishing trading activity.[40] Rice was the grand article of export, and was exported to Muscat, Bombay, Goa and Malabar. Supari or Betel-nut was exported to Bombay, Surat and Kutch. Pepper and Sandalwood were exported to Bombay. Turmeric was exported to Muscat, Kutch, Surat and Bombay, along with Cassia Cinnamon, Sugar, Iron, Saltpeter, Ginger, Choir and Timber.[40]
European influence in Mangalore can be traced back to 1498, when the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama landed at St Mary's Island near Mangalore.[41] In 1526, the Portuguese under the viceroyship of Lopo Vaz de Sampaio succeeded in defeating the Bangara King and his allies and conquered Mangalore.[42][43][44] The trade passed out of Muslim hands into Portuguese hands.[34] In the mid-16th century, Goud Saraswat Brahmins, and Goan Catholics from Goa migrated to Mangalore as a result of Goa Inquisition.[45][46] In 1640, the Keladi Nayaka kingdom defeated the Portuguese and ruled the town until 1762. The Portuguese were allowed to have trade relations with Mangalore.[34] In 1695, the town was torched by Arabs in retaliation to Portuguese restrictions on Arab trade.[47]
Hyder Ali, the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, conquered Mangalore in 1763,[48] consequently bringing the city under his administration until 1767. Mangalore was ruled by the British East India Company from 1767 to 1783,[49] but was subsequently wrested from their control in 1783 by Hyder Ali's son, Tipu Sultan; who renamed it Jalalabad.[50][51] The Second Anglo–Mysore War ended with the Treaty of Mangalore, signed between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784.[52] After the defeat of Tipu at the Fourth Anglo–Mysore War, the city remained in control of the British, headquartering the Canara district under the Madras Presidency.[22][53][54]
The city was largely peaceful during British rule, with urban and infrastructural developments affected during the period. Mangalore flourished in education and in industry, becoming a commercial centre for trade.[34] The opening of the Lutheran German Basel Mission in 1834 brought many cotton weaving and tile manufacturers to the city.[56] When Canara (part of the Madras Presidency until this time) was bifurcated into North Canara and South Canara in 1860, Mangalore was transferred into South Canara and became its headquarters.[22] South Canara remained under Madras Presidency, while North Canara was transferred to Bombay Presidency in 1861.[57] The enactment of the Madras Town Improvement Act (1865) mandated the establishment of the Municipal council on 23 May 1866, which was responsible for urban planning and providing civic amenities.[29] Roman Catholic missions to Mangalore like the Italian Jesuit "Mangalore Mission" of 1878 played an important role in education, health, and social welfare.[58] The linking of Mangalore in 1907 to the Southern Railway, and the subsequent proliferation of motor vehicles in India, further increased trade and communication between the city and the rest of the country.[59]
As a result of the States Reorganisation Act (1956), Mangalore (part of the Madras Presidency until this time) was incorporated into the dominion of the newly created Mysore State (now called Karnataka).[12] Mangalore is a major city of Karnataka, providing the state with access to the Arabian Sea coastline. Mangalore experienced significant growth in the decades 1970–80, with the opening of New Mangalore Port on 4 May 1974 and commissioning of Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited on 15 March 1976.[60][61] The late 20th century saw Mangalore develop as a business, commercial and information technology (IT) centre, although the traditional red tile-roofed houses are still retained in the city.
Geography and climate[edit]
Mangalore is located at 12°52′N 74°53′E / 12.87°N 74.88°E in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka.[62] It has an average elevation of 22 metres (72 ft) above mean sea level.[63] It is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district, the largest urban coastal center of Karnataka, and the fourth largest city in the state.[64] Mangalore is situated on the west coast of India, and is bounded by the Arabian Sea to its west and the Western Ghats to its east. Mangalore city, as a municipal entity, spans an area of 200 km2 (77.22 sq mi).[65] Mangalore experiences moderate to gusty winds during day time and gentle winds at night.[66] The topography of the city is plain up to 30 km (18.64 mi) inside the coast and changes to undulating hilly terrain sharply towards the east in Western Ghats.[67] There are four hilly regions with natural valleys within the city. The geology of the city is characterised by hard laterite in hilly tracts and sandy soil along the seashore.[64] The Geological Survey of India has identified Mangalore as a moderately earthquake-prone urban centre and categorised the city in the Seismic III Zone.[68]
Mangalore lies on the backwaters of the Netravati and Gurupura rivers.[69] These rivers effectively encircle the city, with the Gurupura flowing around the north and the Netravti flowing around the south of the city. The rivers form an estuary at the south-western region of the city and subsequently flow into the Arabian sea.[70] The city is often used as a staging point for traffic along the Malabar Coast. The coastline of the city is dotted with several beaches, such as Mukka, Panambur, Tannirbavi, Suratkal, and Someshwara. Coconut trees, palm trees, and Ashoka trees comprise the primary vegetation of the city.
Under the Köppen climate classification, Mangalore has a tropical monsoon climate and is under the direct influence of the Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoon. It receives about 95 per cent of its total annual rainfall within a period of about six months from May to October, while remaining extremely dry from December to March.[71] The average annual precipitation in Mangalore is 3,796.9 millimetres (149 in).[72] Humidity is approximately 75 per cent on average, and peaks during May, June and July.[73] The maximum average humidity is 93 per cent in July and average minimum humidity is 56 per cent in January.[73]
The most pleasant months in Mangalore are from December to February, during which time the humidity and heat are at their lowest.[74] During this period, temperatures during the day stay below 30 °C (86 °F) and drop to about 19 °C (66 °F) at night. The lowest recorded temperature at Panambur is 15.6 °C (60 °F) on January 8, 1992, and at Bajpe it is 15.9 °C (61 °F) on November 19, 1974. This season is soon followed by a hot and humid summer, from March to May. The highest ever recorded temperature in Mangalore is 39.8 °C (104 °F) on March 13, 1985 at Bajpe.[75] The summer gives way to the monsoon season, when the city experiences more precipitation than most urban centres in India, due to the Western Ghats.[76] Rainfall up to 4,000 millimetres (157 in) could be recorded during the period from June to September. The rains subside in September, with the occasional rainfall in October.[77]
In the year 1994, Mangalore received very heavy rainfall of 5,083.5 millimetres (200 in). This is the highest recorded annual rainfall for an Indian city.[78]
Climate data for Mangalore, India | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 36.6 (97.9) |
38.2 (100.8) |
39.8 (103.6) |
37.8 (100) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.4 (97.5) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
35.2 (95.4) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.8 (96.4) |
39.8 (103.6) |
Average high °C (°F) | 32.8 (91) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
29.5 (85.1) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.8 (91) |
31.5 (88.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.8 (80.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
28.6 (83.5) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.2 (84.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
Average low °C (°F) | 20.8 (69.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
25.0 (77) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | 16.1 (61) |
17.3 (63.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.4 (68.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.1 (61) |
15.9 (60.6) |
Rainfall mm (inches) | 1.1 (0.043) |
0.2 (0.008) |
2.9 (0.114) |
24.4 (0.961) |
183.2 (7.213) |
1,027.2 (40.441) |
1,200.4 (47.26) |
787.3 (30.996) |
292.1 (11.5) |
190.8 (7.512) |
70.9 (2.791) |
16.4 (0.646) |
3,796.9 (149.484) |
Avg. rainy days | 0.2 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 7 | 23.5 | 27.4 | 24.9 | 13.7 | 9.1 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 111.9 |
% humidity | 62 | 66 | 68 | 71 | 71 | 87 | 89 | 88 | 85 | 79 | 73 | 65 | 75.3 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 313 | 296 | 299 | 292 | 276 | 119 | 94 | 133 | 178 | 226 | 271 | 292 | 2,789 |
Source #1: India Meteorological Department - Monthly mean maximum & minimum temperature and total rainfall [79][80] | |||||||||||||
Source #2: Weather-And-Climate (Humidity and Sunshine hours) [81] |
Climate data for 1994 rainfall in Mangalore, India | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Rainfall mm (inches) | 2.5 (0.098) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
97.2 (3.827) |
66.2 (2.606) |
1,920.6 (75.614) |
1,549.3 (60.996) |
925.2 (36.425) |
179.9 (7.083) |
290.9 (11.453) |
51.7 (2.035) |
0.0 (0) |
5,083.5 (200.138) |
Source #1: India Meteorological Department - Mangalore climate summary from 1957-2000 http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/mean/MANGALORE.htm [82] |
Source #2: TuTiempo - Mangalore climate from 1973-2014 http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Mangalore_Bajpe/432840.htm [83] |
Mangalore's economy is dominated by the agricultural processing and port-related activities.[84] The New Mangalore Port is India's ninth largest port, in terms of cargo handling. It handles 75 per cent of India's coffee exports and the bulk of its cashew nuts.[10] During 2000–01, Mangalore generated a revenue of 33.47 crore (US$5.25 million) to the state.[85] The city's major enterprises include Mangalore Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd. (MCF), Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd. (KIOCL), Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd. (MRPL), BASF, Bharati Shipyard Limited and Total Oil India Limited (ELF Gas).
The leaf spring industry has an important presence in Mangalore, with Canara Workshops Ltd. and Lamina Suspension Products Ltd. in the city.[84] The Baikampady and Yeyyadi Industrial areas harbour several small-scale industries. Imports through Mangalore harbour include crude oil, edible oil, LPG, and timber.[86] The city along with Tuticorin is also one of two points for import of wood to South India.[87]
Major information technology (IT) and outsourcing companies like Infosys, Cognizant Technology Solutions, MphasiS BPO, Thomson Reuters have established a presence in Mangalore.[10] Plans to create three dedicated I.T. parks are underway, with two parks (Export Promotion Industrial park (EPIP) at Ganjimutt and Special Economic Zone (SEZ) near Mangalore University) currently under construction.[88] A third IT SEZ is being proposed at Ganjimutt.[89] Another IT SEZ, sponsored by the BA group, is under construction at Thumbe and spans 2 million square feet (180,000 m²).[90]
The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) plans to invest over 35000 crore (US$5.50 billion) in a new 15 million tonne refinery, petrochemical plant and power, as well as LNG plants at the Mangalore Special Economic Zone. Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd, a special purpose vehicle under the Oil Industry Development Board, is developing strategic crude oil reserves in Mangalore and two other places in India.[91][92] Out of the proposed 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) storage, 1.5 MMT would be at Mangalore.[93] According to an International edition of India Today (28 November – 4 December 2006), Mangalore is the fastest growing non-metro in South India.[94]
Corporation Bank,[95] Canara Bank,[96] and Vijaya Bank[97] were the three nationalised banks established in Mangalore during the first half of the 20th century. Karnataka Bank, founded in Mangalore, was one of the largest banks to have not been taken over by the Government.[98] The Mangalore Catholic Co-operative Bank (MCC Bank) Ltd.[99] and SCDCC Bank[100] were the scheduled banks established in Mangalore.
The boat building and fishing industry have been core businesses in Mangalore for generations. The Old Mangalore Port is a fishing port located at Bunder in Mangalore, where a large number of mechanised boats anchor.[101] The traffic at this port was 122,000 tonnes during the years 2003–04.[102] The fishing industry employs thousands of people, their products being exported to around the region. Mangalorean firms have a major presence in the tile, beedi, coffee, and cashew nut industry, although the tile industry has declined due to concrete being preferred in modern construction.[10][84] The Albuquerque tile factory in Mangalore is one of India's oldest red roof tile manufacturing factories.[103][104] Cotton industries also flourish in Mangalore. The Ullal suburb of Mangalore produces hosiery and coir yarns, while beedi rolling is an important source of revenue to many in the city.[84] The process of making Mangalore City Corporation into 'Greater Mangalore' has almost begun and steps are being initiated to embrace 33 villages around the MCC. In this regard, the meeting of the Gram Panchayat, Town Municipal council and Gram Panchayat Presidents and Secretaries has been convened.[105]
Mangalore has a population of 484,785 per the 2011 census of India.[106][107][108] The urban area has a population of 619,664,[109][110] while the Mangalore city metropolitan area has a population of 484,785 (2011).[20][107] The number of males was 240,651, constituting 50 per cent of the population, while the number of females were 244,134.[106] The decadal growth rate was 45.90.[108] Male literacy was 96.49 per cent, while female literacy was 91.63 per cent.[106] About 8.5 per cent population was under six years of age.[106] Mangalore's literacy rate is 94.03 per cent[106]—significantly higher than the national average of 59.5 per cent.[110] Birth rate was 13.7 per cent, while death rate and infant mortality rate were at 3.7 per cent and 1.2 per cent respectively.[111] The Mangalore urban area had 32 recognised slums, and nearly 22,000 migrant labourers lived in slums within the city limits.[112][113] According to the Crime Review Report (2006) by the Dakshina Kannada Police, Mangalore registered a drop in the crime rate in 2005, compared with 2003.[114]
The four main languages in Mangalore are Tulu, Konkani, Kannada, and Beary basse; with Tulu being the mother tongue of the majority.[22] English, Malayalam, Hindi, and Urdu are also spoken in the city. A resident of Mangalore is known as a Mangalorean in English, Kudladaru in Tulu, Kodialghar in Catholic Konkani, Kodialchi or Manglurchi in Goud Saraswat Brahmin Konkani, Manglurnavaru in Kannada, and Maikaaltanga in Beary basse.
Hinduism is the largest religion in Mangalore, with Devadiga, Mogaveera, Billavas, Ganigas, Bunts, Kota Brahmins, Shivalli Brahmins, Havyaka Brahmins, Sthanika Brahmins, Goud Saraswat Brahmins (GSBs), Chitpavan Brahmins are the major communities in Hindus.
Christians form a sizeable section of Mangalorean society, with Konkani-speaking Catholics, popularly known as Mangalorean Catholics, accounting for the largest Christian community. Protestants in Mangalore known as Mangalorean Protestants typically speak Kannada.[115]
Mangalore has one of the highest percentage of Muslims as compared to other cities in Karnataka. Most Muslims in Mangalore are Bearys, who speak a dialect of Malayalam called Beary basse. Majority of them follow the Shafi'i school of Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence).
There is also a sizeable group of landowners following Jainism.
Many classical dance forms and folk art are practised in the city. The Yakshagana, a night-long dance and drama performance, is held in Mangalore,[116] while Pilivesha (literally, tiger dance), a folk dance unique to the city, is performed during Dasara and Krishna Janmashtami.[117] Karadi Vesha (bear dance) is another well known dance performed during Dasara.[118] Paddanas (Ballad-like epics passed on through generations by word of mouth) are sung by a community of impersonators in Tulu and are usually accompanied by the rhythmic drum beats.[118] The Bearys' unique traditions are reflected in such folk songs as kolkai (sung during kolata, a valour folk-dance during which sticks used as props), unjal pat (traditional lullaby), moilanji pat, and oppune pat (sung at weddings).[119] The Evkaristik Purshanv (Konkani: Eucharistic procession) is an annual Catholic religious procession led on the first Sunday of each New Year.[118] The Shreemanti Bai Memorial Government Museum in Bejai is the only museum of Mangalore.[120]
Most of the popular Indian festivals are celebrated in the city, the most important being Dasara, Diwali, Christmas, Easter, Eid, and Ganesh Chaturthi. Kodial Theru, also known as Mangaluru Rathotsava (Mangalore Car Festival) is a festival unique to the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community, and is celebrated at the Sri Venkatramana Temple.[121][122] The Mangalorean Catholics community's unique festivals include Monti Fest (Mother Mary's feast), which celebrates the Nativity feast and the blessing of new harvests.[123] The Jain Milan, a committee comprising Jain families of Mangalore, organises the Jain food festival annually,[124] while festivals such as Mosaru Kudike, which is part of Krishna Janmashtami festival, is celebrated by the whole community.[125] Aati, a festival worshiping Kalanja, a patron spirit of the city, occurs during the Aashaadha month of Hindu calendar. Festivals such as Karavali Utsav and Kudlostava are highlighted by national and state-level performances in dance, drama and music.[126] Bhuta Kola (spirit worship), is usually performed by the Tuluva community at night. Nagaradhane (snake worship) is performed in the city in praise of Naga Devatha (the serpent king), who is said to be the protector of all snakes.[127] An ancient ritual associated with the 'daivasthanams' (temples) in rural areas, Hindu kori katta,[128][129] a religious and spiritual cockfight, is held at the temples and also allowed if organised as part of religious or cultural events.[130]
Mangalorean cuisine is largely influenced by the South Indian cuisine, with several cuisines being unique to the diverse communities of the city. Coconut and curry leaves are common ingredients to most Mangalorean Curry, as are ginger, garlic and chili. Mangalorean Fish Curry is a popular dish in Kanara. The Tuluva community's well-known dishes include Kori Rotti (dry rice flakes dipped in gravy), Bangude Pulimunchi (silver-grey mackerels), Beeja-Manoli Upkari, Neer dosa (lacy rice-crêpes), Boothai Gasi, Kadubu, and Patrode. The Konkani community's specialities include Daali thoy, beebe-upkari (cashew based), val val, avnas ambe sasam, Kadgi chakko, paagila podi, and chana gashi. Vegetarian cuisine in Mangalore, also known as Udupi cuisine, is known and liked throughout the state and region. Since Mangalore is a coastal town, fish forms the staple diet of most people.[131] Mangalorean Catholics' Sanna-Dukra Maas (Sanna—idli fluffed with toddy or yeast; Dukra Maas—Pork), Pork Bafat, Sorpotel and the Mutton Biryani of the Muslims are well-known dishes. Pickles such as happala, sandige and puli munchi are unique to Mangalore. Shendi (toddy), a country liquor prepared from coconut flower sap, is popular.[118]
Civic administration[edit]
Mangalore City officials[132] | |
Mayor | Mahabala Marla |
Deputy Mayor | Kavitha |
Commissioner of Police | R Hitendra |
The Mangalore City Corporation (MCC) is the municipal corporation in charge of the civic and infrastructural assets of the city. Municipal limits begin with Mukka in the north, to Netravati river bridge in the south and western sea shore to Vamanjoor in the east. The MCC council comprises 60 elected representatives, called corporators, one from each of the 60 wards (localities) of the city. Elections to the council are held once every five years, with results being decided by popular vote. A corporator from the majority party is selected as a Mayor.[133] The headquarters of Mangalore City Corporation is at Lalbagh. Its sub-offices are at Surathkal and Bikarnakatta. As of 2001, the Mangalore municipality covered an area of 73.71 km2 (28.46 sq mi).[85]
Until the revision of Lok Sabha and the legislative constituencies by the Delimitation commission, Mangalore contributed two members to the Lok Sabha, one for the southern part of the city which fell under the Mangalore Lok Sabha Constituency, and another for the northern part of the city which fell under the Udupi Lok Sabha Constituency. Additionally, Mangalore sent three members to the Karnataka State Legislative Assembly. With the revision, the entire Mangalore taluk now falls under the Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency, resulting in Mangalore contributing only one Member of Parliament (MP).[134][135]
The Mangalore City Police is responsible for the law and order maintenance in Mangalore. The department is headed by a Commissioner of Police. Mangalore is also the headquarters of the Western Range Police, covering the western districts of Karnataka, which is headed by an Inspector General of Police (IGP).[136]
The pre-collegiate medium of instruction in schools is predominantly English and Kannada, and medium of instruction in educational institutions after matriculation in colleges is English. Additionally, other media of instruction exist in Mangalore. Recently, a committee of experts constituted by the Tulu Sahitya Academy recommended the inclusion of Tulu (in Kannada script) as a medium of instruction in education.[137]
Schools and colleges in Mangalore are either government-run or run by private trusts and individuals. The schools are affiliated with either the Karnataka State Board, Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) and the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) boards. After completing 10 years of schooling in secondary education, students enroll in Higher Secondary School, specialising in one of the three streams – Arts, Commerce or Science. Since the 1980s, there have been a large number of professional institutions established in a variety of fields including engineering, medicine, homoeopathic medicine, dentistry, business management and hotel management. The earliest schools established in Mangalore were the Basel Evangelical School (1838) and Milagres School (1848). The Kasturba Medical College established in 1953, was India's first private medical college.[138] Popular educational institutions in the city are National Institute of Technology (Karnataka),Srinivas Institute of Technology, Sahyadri Educational Institutions – College of Engineering & Management, Adyar, KS Hegde Medical Academy, A. J. Institute of Medical Science, Father Muller Medical College, Father Muller Homeopathic Medical College, Yenepoya Medical College, Srinivas Medical College Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering (MITE), Bearys Institute of Technology, St Joseph's Engineering College, P.A. College of Engineering,St.Agnes, St. Aloysius College, Canara College, Canara Engineering College, KVG College of Engineering [1] Alvas Education foundation, S.D.M. College,Sri Sathya sai loka Seva Educational Institutions,Alike [2] and St. Joseph Engineering College. A public library run by the Corporation Bank, is located at Mannagudda in Mangalore.[139] Mangalore University was established on 10 September 1980. It caters to the higher educational needs of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu districts[140] and is a National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accredited four-star level institution.[141]
Kambala (buffalo race), contested in water filled paddy fields,[142] and Korikatta (cockfight) are popular. Cricket is the most popular sport in the city. Dakshina Kannada's only full-fledged cricket stadium, the Mangala Stadium, is in Mangalore.[143] The Sports Authority of India (SAI) has also set up a sports training centre at the stadium.[144] The Central Maidan in Mangalore is another important venue hosting domestic tournaments and many inter-school and collegiate tournaments.[145] The Mangalore Sports Club (MSC) is a popular organisation in the city and has been elected as the institutional member for the Mangalore Zone of the Karnataka State Cricket Association (KSCA).[146][147] Football is also quite popular in the city and is usually played in the maidans (grounds), with the Nehru Maidan being the most popular venue for domestic tournaments. Chess is also a popular indoor sport in the city. Mangalore is headquarters to the South Kanara District Chess Association (SKDCA), which has hosted two All India Open Chess tournaments.[148][149][150]
Other sports such as tennis, squash, billiards, badminton, table tennis and golf are played in the numerous clubs and gymkhanas. Pilikula Nisargadhama, an integrated theme park, has a fully functional nine-hole golf course at Vamanjoor.[151][152] Lokesh Rahul, commonly known as KL Rahul and Budhi Kunderan, a former Indian wicket keeper was from Mangalore.[153] Ravi Shastri, who represented India for several years in international cricket as an all-rounder and captained the team, is of Mangalorean descent.[154]
Major national English language newspapers such as Times of India, The Hindu, The New Indian Express and Deccan Herald publish localised Mangalore editions. The Madipu, Mogaveera, Samparka (Contact) and Saphala (Fulfillment) are well-known Tulu periodicals in Mangalore.[155] Popular Konkani language periodicals published in the city are Raknno (Guardian), Konknni Dirvem (Konkani Treasure), and Kannik (Offering). Beary periodicals like Jyothi (Light) and Swatantra Bharata (Independent India) are also published from Mangalore. Among Kannada newspapers, Udayavani (Morning Voice), Vijaya Karnataka (Victory of Karnataka), Prajavani (Voice of the People), Kannada Prabha and Varthabharathi (Indian News) are popular. Evening newspapers such as Karavali Ale (Waves from the Coast), Mangalooru Mitra (Friend of Mangalore), Sanjevani (Evening Voice), and Jayakirana (Rays of Victory) are also published in the city. The Konkani language newspaper kodial Khabbar is released fortnightly.One of the major Malayalam language newspaper of Kerala The Malayala Manorama have its own localised Mangalore edition. The first Kannada language newspaper Mangalore Samachara (News of Mangalore) was published from Mangalore in 1843.[156]
The state run, nationally broadcast Doordarshan provides both national and localised television coverage. Cable television also provides broadcast cable channels of independently owned private networks. Canara TV transmits daily video news channels from Mangalore.[157] Mangalore is not covered by the Conditional access system (CAS); however, a proposal to provide CAS to television viewers in Mangalore sometime in the future has been initiated by V4 Media, the local cable service provider.[158] Direct-to-Home (DTH) services are available in Mangalore via Dish TV, Tata Sky, Sun Direct DTH, Airtel digital TV, Reliance BIG TV and Videocon D2h .[159] All India Radio (AIR) has a studio at Kadri (with frequency 100.3 MHz) that airs program during scheduled hours. Mangalore's private FM stations include Radio Mirchi 98.3 FM, Big 92.7 FM[160] and Red 93.5 FM.[161]
Mangalore is home to the Tulu Film Industry, which has a catalogue of 31 films, and releases one film annually, on average. Popular Tulu films include Kadala Mage (Son of the Sea) and Suddha (The Cleansing Rites). Tulu dramas, mostly played in the Town Hall at Hampankatta, are very popular.[138] In 2006, a Tulu film festival was organised in Mangalore.[162]
Mangalore's location makes it accessible via all forms of transport. Air, Rail & Road are major contributors with Sea transport too becoming popular these days. Transport systems in Mangalore city include private buses, KSRTC buses, trains, taxis and autorickshaws.
Four National Highways pass through Mangalore. NH-66 (previously known as NH-17 till April 2011[163]), which runs from Panvel (in Maharashtra) to Edapally Junction (near Cochin in Kerala), passes through Mangalore in a north–south direction, while NH-48 (presently known as NH-75[164]) runs eastward to Bangalore. NH-13 (presently known as NH-169[164]) runs north-east from Mangalore to Solapur.[165]NH-234, a 715-km long National Highway connects Mangalore to Villupuram.[166] National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is upgrading the national highways connecting New Mangalore Port to Surathkal on NH-66 and BC Road junction on NH-48. Under the port connectivity programme of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP), a 37.5-kilometre (23.3 mi) stretch of these highways will be upgraded from two-lane to four-lane roads.[167]
Mangalore's city bus service is operated by private operators and provides access within city limits and beyond. Two distinct sets of routes for the buses exist—city routes are covered by city buses, while intercity routes are covered by service and express buses. Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) operates long distance bus services from Mangalore to other parts of the state.[168] The other key players who run bus services from Mangalore are the Dakshina Kannada Bus Operators Association (DKBOA) and the Canara Bus Operators Association (CBOA).[169] These buses usually ply from the Mangalore Bus Station. White coloured taxis also traverse most of the city. Another mode for local transport is the autorickshaw.
Rail connectivity in Mangalore was established in 1907. Mangalore was also the starting point of India's longest rail route.[59] The city has two railway stations—Mangalore Central (at Hampankatta) and Mangalore Junction (at Kankanadi).[170] A metre gauge railway track, built through the Western Ghats, connects Mangalore with Hassan. The broad gauge track connecting Mangalore to Bangalore via Hassan was opened to freight traffic in May 2006[171] and passenger traffic in December 2007.[172] Mangalore is also connected to Chennai, Trivandrum, Kochi, Kollam(Quilon) through the Southern Railway and to Mumbai via the Konkan Railway.[173][174]
The Mangalore Harbour has shipping, storage, and logistical services, while the New Mangalore Port handles dry, bulk, and fluid cargoes. The New Mangalore Port is also well equipped to handle petroleum oil lubricants, crude products and LPG containers. It is also the station for the coast guard. This artificial harbour is India's ninth largest port, in terms of cargo handling, and is the only major port in Karnataka.[175][176]
Mangalore International Airport (IATA: IXE) is near Bajpe/Kenjar, and is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of the city centre. It is the second airport in Karnataka to operate flights to international destinations. Various airline operators including Jet Airways, Air India Express, SpiceJet, Etihad Airways have daily and weekly flights from Mangalore. There are regular flights to all major cities in India and international flights to countries like United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait. The new terminals and runways at the airport accommodate both cargo and passenger requirements. Mangalore International Airport recorded phenomenal growth in cargo and passenger handling in the year 2013 due to increased capacity and infrastructure development. State run government buses Vajra Volvo ply between the city and the airport.[177]
Utility services[edit]
Electricity in Mangalore is regulated by the Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) and distributed through Mangalore Electricity Supply Company (MESCOM).[178][179][180] Mangalore experiences scheduled and unscheduled power cuts, especially during the summer, due to excess consumption demands.[181] Major industries like Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals (MRPL) and Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers (MCF) operate their own captive power plants.[182][183]
Potable water to the city is supplied by Mangalore City Corporation.[184] Almost all water is from the vented dam constructed across the Netravati River at Thumbe, 14 kilometres (9 mi) from Mangalore.[185][186] The Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environment Management Project (KUDCEMP) aim to improve safe water supply systems and reduce leakage and losses in the distribution system in Mangalore.[184] The official garbage dumping ground of Mangalore is in Vamanjoor.[187] The city generates an average of 175 tons per day of waste, which is handled by the health department of the Mangalore City Corporation.[188] The city has developed and maintains public parks such as Pilikula Nisargadhama,[189] Kadri Park at Kadri, Tagore Park at Light House Hill, Gandhi Park at Gandhinagar,[190] and Corporation Bank Park at Nehru Maidan.
Fixed Line telecom services are offered alongside GSM and Code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services. Mangalore is the headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada Telecom District, the second largest telecom district in Karnataka.[191] Prominent broadband internet service providers in the city include Tata, Airtel and DataOne by BSNL.[192]
Sister cities[edit]
Mangalore is currently twinned with two Canadian cities:
See also[edit]
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Further reading[edit]
- Bhat, P. Gururaja (1969). Antiquities of South Kanara. Prabhakara Press.
- Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu (2000). "Mangalore". Students' Britannica India. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 0-85229-760-2. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
- Venn, T. W. (1945). Mangalore. Mysore: Wesley Press.
External links[edit]
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tl;dr: If you're using the CMS collector in Java 6 (-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC) server-side, then you should really consider -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled Today's post starts out with a story. You might have heard a similar story before. It begins with a handful of servers in a datacenter that just…. pause sometimes. There doesn't seem to be any rhyme or… Read More


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In preparation of the upcoming DAYTONA® 500, Mark Martin got behind the wheel of the No. 14 Bass Pro Shops test car during Preseason Thunder. Martin completed testing for Stewart Haas Racing and Tony Stewart who was not cleared to race at the time. With the much anticipated return of Stewart, the test car was completely designed as if Stewart was driving the car – from the Bass Pro Shop logo on the hood to his name on the windshield and #SmokeWillRise above the door. Race fans now can own the Action Racing Collectable die-cast of the No. 14 Stewart-Haas Racing test car that Martin wheeled at Daytona International Speedway. A must have for any collector, each die-cast features precise detail and replica paint scheme.
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From May 17 to May 21, Gawker Media's flagship technology and design blog Gizmodo will host the Home of the Future, an immersive, real-life vision of the urban home of tomorrow. In collaboration with Brooklyn-based firm Bernheimer Architecture, Gizmodo will be custom-building an apartment in a converted gymnasium in Soho, and filling it with a range of life-simplifying and energy-saving innovations, from cutting edge kitchenware to virtual entertainment and everything in between. In the Gizmodo Home of the Future, realized with the help of Verizon Wireless, visitors will find both the most accessible and most aspirational technologies for enhancing our homes, now and in the future.
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Welcome to the patent that's all about the next generation telephonic MacBook. For Macites who are road warriors, this could definitely be the patent of the year for you. With LTE and other 4G networks rolling out in 2011, it's clear that Apple is preparing to deliver some pretty interesting MacBooks for us to get excited about in the coming months and years. It's equally clear that Apple has been exploring and testing out several next generation antenna technologies since April of 2008. And while Apple's patent shows us a few of the ways that the telephonic antenna could be implemented in the MacBook, the patent also opens the door to some rather interesting twists that could spice things up for the next generation MacBook. Apple touts that they're the leading portable devices company in the world – and this patent shows us once again that Apple's engineers are out to stay number one for many years to come.
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Vince Consalo, president of Wm. Consalo & Sons Farms Inc., Vineland, N.J., said the Jersey Fresh program is a good one for the growers and the agriculture industry in the state, and he would prefer to see the full budget reinstated to avoid any ill effects down the road.
Murray said the state has grown from 35 to more than 120 farmer's markets in the last several years. This "huge phenomena" highlights the impact of the Jersey Fresh program as parallel to the national interest in buying locally grown produce.


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Bridges are an amazing artistic and architectural feat, and as 'Suir Bridge' by Paddy McGrath proves, when they're captured by a talented photographer, breathtaking bridges have the capability to appear surreal. These images are incredible; I can't decide whether the Suir Bridge exists on Earth or in some Tim Burton animated fantasy.
Either way, I'm on board. Check out more shots of the Suir Bridge by Paddy McGrath above.


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Love this product. I have Gumdrop, Sweet Tart and Sugar Plum. They give me just the right color and shine I need. About the staying power, well it depends from one person to another. If you talk a lot and drink a lot it stays for up to 4 hours. But if you're like me who just sit around and listen to professors all day, it lasts up to 8 hours max. :D
Sheer tints of pretty colours like a lip gloss, but moisturizing like a balm, not sticky. They feel really nice on the lips, not drying. Sheer enough that you can add more without a mirror, lol. Even after the gloss is gone, there is still some colour. I haven't had any colour bleeding with the 5 colours I bought. Peach Parfait and Pink Truffle are my favourites. They're nudes, but prettier. Bought on sale for $4.97 CDN, they were a very good buy.
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I live in Romania and I can't find these anywhere. A few months ago I went to France and there I found and bought my first Revlon Lip Butter, in Pink Truffle.
I expected a lot from this lip product because of its price (16 euros, which means 21 dollars). I like it actually, but I regret paying so much money on it, I don't think it's worth it.
I read that in the US these lip butters only cost around 6$. At this price, I really want to try more shades. But for now, I can't help but be a little bit disappointed.
This is a great lip product. I have tried a few shades but always return to my 'pink truffle'. I think I am on my 4th tube of it! It's very moisturizing and the shade isn't too harsh- just the right amount of shine and color!
I love these. I bought cotton candy. Its a very pale pink but not to pale where it makes u looks dead. In cotton candy there is a little but of shimmer. Which is perfect for my age. They are very moisturizing which i love. On my lips i feel like they leave a little bit of a stain as well which isnt a bad thing in my opinion. Would definetely buy again
Revlon lip butters are my HG lip product.
I have very sensitive skin and for some reason most lipsticks and lip balms make my lips peel and it feels raw and sore for a day or two. :( This goes for drugstore AND high-end brands. I've pretty much worn only Vaseline for years, with maybe an odd lip balm or two for colour but not very often.
While I tend to avoid buying lip products, I gave this one a try during a sale. I was AMAZED that this didn't cause me any problems! I can finally wear some colour on my lips! :D My first lip butter was Raspberry Pie. It glides on smoothly and doesn't feel drying at all and the colour is sheer, but can be built up.
My ONLY problem is that the staying power is maybe around 3-4 hours (for me, anyway). But otherwise, this is an amazing product that I will buy again and again. :)
okay this is weird.
I have most of the colors from this collection and feel that even though I do enjoy several shades, I'm not amazed at the performance of these overall.
first, they tend to bleed and spply unevenly because they are so buttery. this also means lasting time is an hour tops before I have to reapply. but when I do, the ptoduct dries up my lips and I get flakes. yuck.
the nude color creme brulee is actually pretty opaque, and I enjoy tutti fruitti and candy apple. the rest, the light pinks, won't do much to astound.
now I'm just thinking of a way to use then up or get rid of them but can only bring myself to store them as backup in my purses to layer over lipstick.
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More reviews by NatureLover106
I ADORE Revlon's Just Bitten line, so I thought I'd give these a shot as well. They feel like a cross between a lipstick and a lip balm. They last longer than a lip gloss but less than a lipstick or stain; I usually reapply every few hours, and definitely after eating.
-heavenly vanilla scent
-packaging and feel seem more high end (much better overall first impression than, say, Wet 'n' Wild)
-applies like butter (as the name suggests), but not in an overly greasy way... very smooth and will not dry out over time, although I've never had a problem with dry lips
-color: I can only attest to Peach Parfait, but it's a gorgeous medium-dark pink with a hint of shimmer; very close to my actual lip color
-again, I'm not blown away with the staying power
-I paid $8 which is pretty steep for a drugstore lip product
Other than that, I really enjoy this in Peach Parfait, even though I wish it wasn't so close to my natural lip color, as I was looking for more of a coloring balm and less of a nude one. However I enjoy pulling this out and applying it, because the packaging just makes me feel like a 20th century Parisian woman. :)
My friend told me I HAD to try this. I got a coral color. Looks okay, a little dry. Does not feel like butter, not as smooth as you'd expect hearing the name. Not shiny, but I'm not a big fan of shiny anyway...I'm sure a gloss would look great over it if needed. It was fine, just wasn't as great as my expectations.