text:
Axillary and Groin Rashes in the Elderly: Don't Forget Cancer! | ||
CLINICAL VIGNETTE Axillary and Groin Rashes in the Elderly: Don't Forget Cancer!Lorraine Young, M.D.Case Reports A 92-year-old white female presented with a 3-month history of a pruritic rash in her right axilla. Topical steroid and antifungal creams were given, but they did not help, so she was referred to Dermatology for eval-uation. Her past medical history was unremarkable. On exam, a 4 cm x 4 cm erythematous, scaly plaque was noted in her right axilla (Figure 1). A complete skin examination was otherwise unremarkable. There was no breast nodule, nipple discharge, or axillary adenopathy. A 73-year-old white male presented with a 4-month history of a pruritic rash in his groin. He also was treated with topical steroid and antifungal creams without benefit, and was referred to Dermatology. On examination, poorly marginated erythematous and scaly plaques were observed both in the right and left groin (Figure 2). The rest of his skin examination was normal, and there was no inguinal adenopathy. Because neither patient responded to antifungal and steroid creams, biopsies were performed. In both cases, Paget cells, with their characteristic large, atypical nuclei and abundant pale-staining cytoplasm, were observed in the epidermis (Figure 3). Histochemical stains of the Paget cells were positive for cytokeratin 7 (Ck7) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and negative for HMB 45. Based upon the clinical presentation and histopathology, a diagnosis of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) was made in both patients. Since Paget cells can invade underlying adnexal structures or regional tissues, or migrate to the epithelium from these same tissues, a systemic cancer work-up was Figure 3. Skin biopsies, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, from the 92-year-old female (left) and from the 73-year-old male (right). Paget cells, with large, atypical nuclei and abundant pale-staining cytoplasm, are marked with arrows. recommended. Because of the proximity of the axilla to the breast, associated breast cancer was of partic-ular concern in the 92-year-old female patient. Her evaluation for an internal malignancy, which included a mammogram, was negative. Her EMPD was treated with wide surgical excision. The 73-year-old male patient refused further evaluation, including a urogen-ital workup, but agreed to non-surgical therapy. Five percent imiquimod cream was applied daily for 6 weeks. Both patients were completely free of lesions at their 2-month follow-up skin examinations. DiscussionPatients commonly present to primary care physicians with pruritic, erythematous, and scaly plaques in intertriginous regions, such as the axilla and/or groin. Typically, the differential diagnosis includes sebor-rheic dermatitis, intertrigo, eczema, and psoriasis, for which topical steroids are useful, and tinea and candida, for which antifungal creams are useful. Not infrequently, patients are given steroid and antifungal creams simultaneously, and the skin lesions resolve despite the fact that no clear diagnosis was ever made. When the lesions fail to resolve, however, as in the 2 patients described here, the differential diagnosis must be expanded to include cancer, such as Bowen's disease, mycosis fungoides, and EMPD. While each of these diseases can yield similarly appearing skin lesions, EMPD should be suspected strongly when the eruption involves skin containing apocrine glands. Extramammary Paget's disease usually develops in patients 70 years or older, typically Caucasians, and more commonly females. The onset of the eruption is insidious, and the disease spreads slowly. Extramammary Paget's disease is usually pruritic, but may be painful. Erythematous and scaly plaques are observed in areas of apocrine glands; the vulva, anogenital and anorectal regions are the most common, with the axilla being less common.1 Rarely, the disease occurs in modified apocrine glands, including the Moll's glands of the eyelid, and the ceruminal glands of the external auditory canal.2 There are 2 reports of ectopic EMPD on the face.3, 4 A skin biopsy, along with several histochemical stains, are required to make the diagnosis of EMPD. The key histological features are Paget cells, which have large and atypical nuclei and abundant pale-staining cytoplasm. These can be single or in clusters and are dispersed between the keratinocytes and can extend into the adnexal structures of the skin. The histological differential diagnosis is usually EMPD, malignant melanoma, and Bowen's disease. To differentiate these diseases, the pathologist uses several immunohistochemical stains. Common stains include cytokeratins Ck7 and Ck20 (fibrous proteins in the epithelium), CEA (eccrine and apocrine cells), and S100 and HMB 45 (melanoma). Other stains useful for the identification of EMPD are gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 and epithelial antigen stain.5 Even with a biopsy and immunohistochemical stains, however, it is sometimes challenging to identify EMPD. A case was recently reported of a 77-year-old man presenting with a 1-cm nodule in his left groin, surrounded by a 10-cm area of erythema with scale.6 The biopsy and immunohistochemical stains suggested the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma with candidiasis. When the "candidiasis" did not respond to ketoconazole, however, a dermatologist was consulted. A clinical suspicion for EMPD led to a second biopsy, which confirmed EMPD. Rarely, one observes combinations of axillary and anogenital EMPD, mammary Paget's disease (MPD) with EMPD, and even EMPD and mycosis fungoides simultaneously in the axilla and groin. Extramammary Paget's disease is an intraepithelial adenocarcinoma in situ which may become invasive and even metastasize. The tumor cells within the epithelium are thought to arise from apocrine gland ducts or pluripotent germinative cells. Alternatively, the disease may arise from pagetoid spread from an underlying adnexal tumor or from an internal malig-nancy. The pathogenesis of EMPD is poorly understood. Recently, however, over-expression of PIG7/LITAF mRNA was reported to be involved in EMPD carcinogenesis.7 Extramammary Paget's disease is associated with an underlying or distal malignancy in 24% to 70% of patients.8,9 Immunohistochemical stains do not differentiate intraepithelial in-situ disease from that arising from an underlying adnexal structure or regional internal malignancy. Thus, one must always search diligently for a tumor in adjacent and regional tissues. Particularly important is the examination of the bladder and rectum, but the prostate, urethra, and cervix can also be a source of EMPD. More distant organs also need to be evaluated, particularly the breast. Surgery can successfully treat smaller lesions, as in the case of our 92 year-old female patient. A recent case of perianal EMPD was reported where the patient was treated with wide surgical excision. He remained disease-free 1-1/2 years later.10 Since some lesions are multifocal and ill-defined, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) can be used instead of wide excision, and this approach may lower the recurrence rate.11,12 Nonsurgical options can be helpful in treating multiple and widespread lesions of EMPD, as in the case of our 73-year-old male patient, and include radiotherapy13 and 5% imiquimod cream14 (an immunomodulator). A patient with scrotal EMPD was initially treated with MMS, but developed a recurrence 4 years later. Imiquimod cream was then used daily for 6 weeks, with clinical and histological eradication. No recurrence was noted at the 6-month follow-up examination. Long-term follow up is advised. The persistence or recurrence of EMPD is of particular concern because of the multifocal nature of the disease and because ill-defined margins make treatment approaches problem-atic. Also, progression to invasive disease and even metastases can occur. In summary, a 92-year-old female and a 73-year-old male presented with persistent axillary and groin plaques, respectively. The usual differential diagnosis includes seborrheic dermatitis, intertrigo, eczema, psoriasis, tinea, and yeast. However, when lesions persist despite topical steroid and anti-fungal therapy, the differential diagnosis must be expanded to include cancers, such as Bowen's disease, mycosis fungoides, and EMPD. A skin biopsy with immunohistochem-ical stains is required to establish the diagnosis. Extramammary Paget's disease most commonly arises from an intraepithelial adenocarcinoma, which can be invasive and even metastasize. Additionally, it can also develop from an underlying adnexal tumor or internal malignancy, so a thorough systemic work-up for cancer is indicated. There are surgical and nonsur-gical treatment options, depending on whether the disease is focal or widespread. Follow-up is essential because of the risk of persistence, recurrence, or progression of the disease to underlying structures or regional tissues. Intertriginous rashes are commonly seen by the primary care physician, and cancer needs to be considered when these "rashes" persist despite the usual treatment modalities. Extramammary Paget's disease should be high on the differential when a rash in an elderly patient persists in areas of skin containing apocrine glands. REFERENCES
Submitted on April 1, 2005 |
© copyright 2015 Stephen Ng & UCLA Department of Medicine


text:
Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
Sort by: Date | Rating | Most Helpful
"OMG. They came soooo good. It made 11 cupcakes. I don't think we will have any left to cool down for frosting. That was a first time I made any vegan dessert. We are slowly converting :). But I just had to register to comment on this recipe. My husband said that those are the best cupcakes he ever had. I didn't have plain soy milk so I used vanill..."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Pizza Man's housemade dough is kneaded fresh daily, layered with real Wisconsin cheese, and slow baked until it's a perfectly crispy, cheesy disc crowned by quality meats and veggies. This tantalizing process ensured that Pizza Man, which began as a standalone joint in 1977, branched out to its 33 current locations. Each of the pizza shops still fashions its pies from high-quality ingredients and puts an emphasis on old-school pizza-baking techniques. Toppings such as canadian bacon, sausage, and taco meat wait patiently to be bound together by a cheesy glue with fellows such as pineapples and pickles in one of Pizza Man's signature or make-your-own pies. The non-pizza selections include jumbo chicken wings, beer-battered onion rings, and the cinnamon-apple dessert pizza, which weds the sweet decadence of dessert with the Euclidean precision of pizza.:m]]
Sever's Corn Maze isn't just a cornfield with some paths cut into it. It's a full-scale celebration of the autumn season, combining traditional harvest activities and treats with bounce pillows, petting zoos, and magic shows. The farm welcomes in guests from mid-September through the end of October, inviting them to share in the fun of picking their own pumpkin, biting into a crisp caramel apple, or finding all of the checkpoints in a themed maze without running into the centaur scarecrow. The Severs offer enough activities to keep families busy all day, including seeing which little piglet will win the derby race. Knowing that guests can work up an appetite between all their activities, the Severs offer a range of autumn goodies including brats, kettle corn, cheese curds, and steaming mugs of hot cocoa and cider.
Inside the family-owned Jumps & Downs, youngsters aged 1?8 tumble into a capacious ball pit, 5,000 balls strong?one of the many attractions that pepper the 3,600-square-foot facility. The indoor play center?s inflatables encourage airborne activities, building kids' motor skills every time they leap in one of the bounce houses, dive down the giant plush slide, or climb up the obstacle course. Groups of kids unleash cake-fueled manias on the playscape during birthday parties that come complete with all manner of festive accoutrements, including a private room, paper goods, invitations, and a copyright lawyer to make sure no scofflaw children sing "Happy Birthday" for free.
Board-certified plastic surgeon Jonathan Witzke earned his stripes in surgical centers and hospitals before becoming the namesake of Witzke Plastic Surgery, where he and his savvy staff perform an array of invasive and noninvasive procedures. Cosmetic concerns fade with simple IPL facials, Botox injections, liposuction, and breast augmentation procedures. For injured hands, certified therapist Joan Collins acts on more than two decades of experience with procedures that aim to quell carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, or a thumb war injury.
Minnesota Valley Garden Center's hundreds of verdant acres stretch across the Shakopee countryside blossoming with trees, shrubs, and perennials. Purple dome asters, multicolored pansies, and a variety of ornamental grasses bloom in the garden center, while the outdoor nursery houses homegrown trees, including maples and evergreens, planted each spring and fall. The facility's garden gurus—who have helped area gardeners for more than 50 years—can also help customers with landscape projects and irrigation setup for commercial and residential projects.
Ivy Cleaners keeps clothing clean and crisp with wet and dry cleaning services. The professionals analyze each garment prior to their wet cleaning treatments, determining each fabric's composition and the degree of anger it bears for the loom it came from, in order to customize an appropriate water temperature, blend of detergents and conditioners, and agitation setting. Alongside traditional dry cleaning, the staff also handles leather, suede, wedding dresses, and bedding, and it offers pickup and delivery services so that pants don't need to learn how to walk themselves home.


text:
Email Address:
Québec is a place of unique unbelievable scenic wilderness and modern cities with old world charm you name it, in Quebec they've got it. Gardens galore, history, heritage, monuments, lighthouses, covered bridges... the list goes on and on. Quebec is full of interesting attractions & combination of different imaginations.
Québec is divided into 20 tourist regions. From the Îles-de-la-Madeleine to the Far North, they cover an immense territory of exceptional natural beauty. Each has its predominant feature the St. Lawrence River, virgin forests, lakes and streams, mountains and each reflects a different aspect of Québec, whose history, culture and geography are unique in North America. Below are some of the beautiful places to visit in Quebec.
This beautiful island offers unique tourist attractions as well as some attractions that are common to most tourist regions. Some of them are: museums, parks, plays, golf course, horseback riding, bird watching, hunting, fishing, sea cruises, scuba diving and windsurfing.
Gaspésie (Gaspé) The Gaspé region is well-known for its "Rocher Percé", this region offers magnificent landscapes, beaches with fine sand that invites swimmers, unique ancestral houses, the scent of the sea, and the singing of birds.
Québec City and Area
A taste of Old Europe The Greater Quebec Area Tourist Region, bordered on the south by the St. Lawrence River, is located in the South Central part of the province of Quebec. It includes The Greater Quebec City Area, and has more than half a million residents, primarily French speaking. This area is divided into four Multi-County Regional Municipalities and one city.
Charlevoix Breathtaking views at every turn
Charlevoix is a beautiful region with magnificent scenery that attracts painters, poets, writers and visitors. One must leave the highways and travel along the secondary roads of the towns and villages to grasp the way of life that ensured the livelihood of local residents. These concession roads offer breathtaking scenery you can't resist.
Montréal Montreal is the metropolis of the province of Quebec and the second French-speaking city in the world. A dynamic and modern region that was able to preserve its architectural heritage.
Its downtown bustles with life at the foot of its mountain, while history is rooted in the old quarters near the river. With its year-round party atmosphere, Montréal beats to the rhythm of its festivals: jazz, comedy, cinema, fireworks and more!


text:
Between Captain Cook and Mauna Kea: The British 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii
An illustrated lecture delivered at the Smithsonian Institution
in Washington, D.C., on June 7, 2004
The beginning of modern astronomy in Hawaii can be dated to the arrival, in 1778, of the British explorer Captain James Cook (Fig. 1). In addition to being supplied with state-of-the-art navigational instruments – including the jaygalbraith.com sextant and the chronometer – Cook also carried, on each of his two ships, the Resolution and the Discovery, a portable astronomical observatory (Fig. 2) designed by the astronomer William Bayly. Very much like the modern observatories that now populate the summit of Mauna Kea, Bayly's observatory sheltered a telescope and a clock and was equipped with a revolving dome that could be opened and closed at will. With these astronomical aids at his command, Cook was able to do what no one prior to his time had ever done: He was able to assign the to islands a latitude and a longitude, and thus to place Hawaii on a map (Fig. 3). Observations of Jupiter's satellites, for example, helped to fix the longitude of Kealakekua Bay for the very good site generic cialis 100mg first time in history; and as the distance between the Prime Meridian at Greenwich and www.wowgraphicdesigns.com a tropical island paradise became as firmly defined as the science of the day would allow, a British presence became firmly established in Hawaii.Captain Cook was killed in 1779 at this very location, Kealakekua Bay – a place to which I shall return later in my story. Ten years earlier, his first Pacific voyage had taken him into the South Pacific where, in June of 1769, he had observed, from the island of Tahiti, a rare transit of the planet Venus across the sun. At Tahiti, a temporary garrison called Fort Venus (Fig. 4) provided a safe haven for Cook's men and their instruments and the transit was observed under sunny skies. But, just as importantly, many of the elements of this pioneering eighteenth-century enterprise – the passing of a planet in front of the sun, the demonstration of British naval and navigational prowess, the transport of observers and equipment to a remote Pacific island, and the construction of a temporary fortress – proved a good rehearsal for what was to occur in Hawaii more than 100 years later.
When, in 1874, Venus again slithered across the sun, the British were once more active in the Pacific, and Hawaii, where British cultural influences were by then easily recognizable, was very much at the center of the enterprise. Cook's three voyages of exploration, including his voyages to Tahiti and Hawaii – and, in particular, the astronomy that had informed those voyages – had set the panaceahealthsolutions.com stage for even more ambitious endeavors.
Not long after Cook's arrival in Hawaii, the islands were united under a single ruler, Kamehameha the Great, and soon thereafter adopted for their government a European-styled monarchy. By the latter half of the nineteenth century, Hawaii had been ruled by a succession of hereditary chiefs, or ali'i, and was still an independent kingdom when, on September 9, 1874, nearly a century after Captain Cook had appointed Hawaii a position on a map, a ship from England, HMS Scout, sailed into Honolulu Harbor carrying an expedition of seven astronomers (Fig. 5).
The mission of the expedition was – as Captain Cook's had been in 1769 – to observe a rare transit of Venus across the sun for the purpose of better determining the value of the Astronomical Unit (Fig. 6) – that is, the Earth-sun distance – and thereby the absolute scale of the solar system. For although Copernicus had, by the 16th century, put the known planets in their correct order and had derived from his model of the solar system a set of relative distances among its members, their absolute distances remained hostage to the uncertain value of the Astronomical Unit (AU). Astronomers still needed a celestial yardstick of known length to measure distances among the planets and best price viagra to link the planets to the stars beyond.
The circumstances of a transit of Venus and its relationship to the Astronomical Unit are, I shall assume, well known to people in this room and need not detain us here. They form the roguelephant.com subject matter of a fine exhibition now on display here at the Smithsonian Institution, and the American participation in the transit observations of the nineteenth century is retold in the exhibit. But because Hawaii was still an independent kingdom at that time, and not an American state until 1959, it is my task today to tell you something about Hawaii's role at the center of an international effort to solve what was once considered the most important problem in observational astronomy.
Hokuloa: The British 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawai'i (abridged)
The British transit of Venus operations in the Hawaiian Kingdom extended over a period of six months, from September 1874 to March 1875, and attracted widespread attention from all ranks of Island society. As one might expect, the full story of these operations cannot be entirely bereft of lessons on social stratification and class privilege, nor is it entirely unlike the story of triumph and tragedy surrounding the name of Galileo: The pursuit of a fundamental astronomical truth is inextricably intertwined with abundant human drama. From accusations of madness and incompetence, to episodes of insobriety and seduction; from music and recommended site levitra canada prescription merry-making, to an earthquake and a volcanic eruption; from mosquitoes on the land, to a drowning in the sea; from the positions of British militiamen, to the impositions of Hawaiian royalty; from astronomical frustrations, to gastronomical celebrations – Hawaii provided the stage upon which polite Victorian astronomy was conducted in a teetering kingdom on the verge of being swallowed up by a global power.Indeed this chapter in Hawaiian history, virtually untold until very recently, is chock-a-block with both personality and peradventure.
Foremost among those personalities is George Forbes (Fig. 7). Born in Edinburgh and educated at Cambridge, Forbes was only twenty-five years old when he arrived in Honolulu as a member of the British team. A man of versatile talents – a traveler, a journalist, an inventor, and an electrical engineer, as well as an astronomer – Forbes eventually took command of the auxiliary transit station at Kailua-Kona on the island of Hawaii, about twelve miles north of Kealakekua Bay. Among his personal papers, still preserved at St. Andrews University in Scotland, there is a story – a story unpublished until this year – that climaxes his involvement in the British transit chase with a Hollywood blockbuster-of-an-adventure.
Forbes's observing partner at Kailua-Kona was Henry Barnacle (Fig. 8). Born in Cheshire and educated, like Forbes, at Cambridge, Barnacle proved to be an otherwise incongruous partner and was eventually banished from the expedition altogether. Although his mathematical and astronomical ineptitude may have been cause for genuine concern, even more so was his general lack of intellectual and http://www.tenasys.com/use-cialis moral virtue. The expedition's leader seems to have believed that Barnacle was not in his right mind – thinking him either mad or the greatest impostor who ever lived – and told the http://plaisirdecreer.be/viagra-buying-online Astronomer Royal by letter from Hawaii that Barnacle could not be entrusted with anything as he never told the truth, not even by accident. Compelled to return to England early, Henry Barnacle threatened his presumed detractors with legal action. Repeatedly frustrated in his pursuit of a scientific career, he was ordained a deacon in 1877 and finally emigrated to Australia where he died in 1938.
Another Cambridge-educated man who enters our story (and there are many) comes in through the back door. Although a rather obscure figure in the history of science, many of you here today will know of the work of his brother George, and all of you, I think, will know of the work of his father Charles. The man's name was Leonard – Leonard Darwin (Fig. 9).
Charles Darwin enters our story through his Descent of Man, just published in 1871 and containing the author's speculations about the eventual extinction of the Hawaiian race. Leonard enters our story through what might be called "the Cambridge network" when his father wishes to bring to the attention of another Cambridge celebrity, Astronomer Royal George Airy, the desire of his son Leonard to partake of the 1874 transit of Venus enterprise. Charles Darwin's letter to Hubert Airy, George's son, turns the trick and Leonard is hired. He eventually sails into the Pacific – to New Zealand – and then on to Hawaii for a post-transit encounter.
For those of you harboring more affection for New England than England, you may be pleased to hear that two Yale-trained astronomers are also in our story. One of these, Chester Smith Lyman (Fig. 10) once taught at the Royal School in Honolulu when several royal children were students there and by 1874 had become a professor of astronomy at Yale. The other, William DeWitt Alexander (Fig. 11), had studied at Yale and in 1874 was Hawaii's Surveyor General. Alexander, in fact, played a pivotal role in connecting the British celestial enterprise to Hawaii's terrestrial concerns when he realized how the British transit team could render invaluable assistance to the Hawaiian Government Survey by obtaining and sharing latitude and longitude measurements with a degree of accuracy never before attained in the Hawaiian Islands – and far surpassing the canadian drugs levitra efforts of Captain Cook a century earlier. Indeed, when the dependablehealthcareservices.com transit of Venus expedition arrived and established itself in Honolulu, the instruments with which they equipped their observatory – instruments that included much more than mere telescopes – were strongly indicative that the simple observation of Venus against the sun was not their sole concern: So too was the meticulous parceling of Hawaii's tiny amount of real estate.
Surely one of the more easily recognized names in our story is that of George Airy (Fig. 12), England's seventh Astronomer Royal at Greenwich and the prime mover behind the British 1874 enterprise. Airy favored, for the 1874 transit observations, the method not of his countryman Edmond Halley, but of the Frenchman Joseph-Nicolas Delisle. Unlike Halley's method, that of Delisle required observations not of the entire transit but only of its most critical phases: internal contact, at ingress or egress, from a pair of widely separated stations. If – Airy argued – if observers could be stationed in the Hawaiian Islands, where the British had already established a social and political preeminence, and if the visit web site buy generic cialis from india weather cooperated, Hawaii's location, at one extremity of a long baseline, would make it an excellent place for observing internal contact at ingress. Indeed, by 1868 Airy was already calling Hawaii "indispensable" in the establishment of a Delislean station in the Pacific.
Although Airy knew this much about Hawaii, he probably knew little else. He therefore saw to it that his men were sent to foreign parts with all the presumed necessities, and much else besides. For if fastidious attention to detail was necessary for the success of the transit of Venus enterprise, Airy could be fastidious in the extreme. To give but two examples: One of his contemporaries told a story that on one occasion Airy devoted an entire afternoon to himself labeling a number of wooden cases "empty", it so happening that the routine at the observatory kept every one else engaged at the time. And his friend De Morgan jocularly said that if Airy so much as wiped his pen on a piece of blotting paper, he would duly endorse the blotting paper with the date and buy generic viagra cheap particulars of its use and file it away amongst his documents.
To assume that a man like this would watch out for the welfare of his team is to assume rightly, and Airy's team in Hawaii was certainly well equipped. The astronomical apparatus sent to the Islands included not only three transit instruments and more than a half dozen telescopes, but a supply of silk – yes, silk – handkerchiefs for cleaning the graduated circles of the instruments. Then there were the clocks and chronometers, the compasses and micrometers, the photoheliograph and the photographic chemicals, the barometers, thermometers, hydrometers, and rain gauges. And because much of the expedition's work would need to be recorded on paper of one kind or another, a dozen or more different kinds would be supplied including letter, blotting, drawing, litmus, and photo. To help complete the stock of stationery items, there would be copybooks, memorandum books, pencils, tape, scissors, and three kinds of string – stout, medium, and fine. And because the prescription viagra expedition would be required to erect and labor within temporary structures, along with the scientific equipment there would go building tools: saws, chisels, crowbars, files, screwdrivers, pliers, table vices, soldering irons, hammers, nails – implements of metal that, only a century earlier, at the time of Captain Cook's arrival, would have been much coveted by stone-age Island natives. Finally, the expedition would not lack the accoutrements of English domesticity: knives, forks, spoons, cooking stoves, wash basins, coffee pots and teapots, chairs and http://seyonic.com/purchase-levitra-soft-tabs stools, bedsteads and mattresses, blankets and sheets, candles, lanterns, lamps, and oil – all would be shipped to Hawaii. And not just oil for lamps: The astronomers would also bring their own salad oil – together with sauces, herbs, and spices; salt, pepper, and mustard; curry powder, yeast, and vinegar; pickles and raisins; biscuits and bottled fruits; almonds and tapioca; figs and dates; butter; and, for hygiene, soap. And if there were any lingering suspicions that such well-fed and http://www.tevaka.com/buy-prescription-levitrabuy-levitra-in-the-uk well-housed anatomies would somehow wither in the tropical heat, such sufferings would not emanate from a shortage of well-chosen beverages: wine, brandy, whiskey, orange bitters, ale, Guinness Stout, breakfast claret, dinner sherry, champagne, and more would be supplied. And, lest a simple oversight lead to a denial of the merited libations, a supply of corkscrews would also be sent along.
Thus furnished with an estimated 93 tons of cargo – and a set of last-minute instructions from Airy – the British expedition left Liverpool in two contingents in June of 1874. After a brief layover at Valparaiso, Chile, the seven-man British team arrived in Honolulu in September.
For Hawaii's ruling class, nothing could have been more ill timed. Only seven months earlier the death of Hawaii's penultimate king, Lunalilo (Fig. 13), had left a power vacuum in the Islands, and Lunalilo's successor, David Kalakaua (Fig. 14), ascended to the throne only after a riot in downtown Honolulu was stilled by American and British militia. The new king, besieged by political and economic instability, attempted to set things aright, but was compelled to do so at a pivotal time in Island history, when Hawaii was weaning itself away from an inveterate British influence. And although King Kalakaua was present in Honolulu both to greet the transit expedition at his palace and to bid them farewell six months later, he was nowhere to be seen when transit day arrived. He was, instead, right here in Washington for reasons that I will reveal in moment. In the meantime, American transit of Venus observers had departed Washington and had gone elsewhere (Fig. 15).
In Hawaii, King Kalakaua evidenced a personal interest in the transit of Venus operations in his kingdom and placed at the disposal of the expedition a suitable piece of open land not far from Honolulu's waterfront in a district called Apua. There, a wooden fence was erected and soon came to enclose a well-equipped nineteenth-century astronomical observatory, including a transit instrument (Fig. 16), an altazimuth (Fig. 17), a photoheliograph (Fig. 18), a number of telescopes (Fig. 19), and several temporary structures including wooden observatories (Fig. 20), a bathing tent, a cook house, and a sappers' barrack (Fig. 21). In due course, auxiliary stations – though not so elaborate as the main station in Honolulu – would be established on two other islands: at Kailua-Kona on the island of Hawaii, and at Waimea on the island Kauai.
Meanwhile, back in Honolulu, a multitude of challenges were to confront the expedition even before King Kalakaua's departure for Washington, challenges that emanated from two principal sources: nature and overnight canadian viagra society. During the weeks leading up to transit day, nature delivered up enough heat to prompt the erection of thatched roofing in double layers (Fig. 22), enough wind to send a 90-foot coconut palm tree crashing through the observatory fence (Fig. 23), and enough rain to flood the pharmacy viagra observatory grounds and float the floors of the wooden buildings. And if Mother Nature was more than generous with her provision of a wet breeding ground for mosquitoes, it was society that produced swarms of pesty bipeds; and fewer than three weeks after the expedition's arrival, the expedition's leader, George Tupman (Fig. 24), was already lamenting into his journal that King Kalakaua had not only interrupted the astronomers' work with a two-hour evening visit, but that he had had the temerity to propose that if, as soon as all the instruments were mounted, the astronomers would open the observatory grounds to the public for a week, His Majesty would provide some additional entertainment by sending his own military band down every day!
Despite this jocund offer, and despite the fact that King Kalakaua seems to have been genuinely interested in the success of the British enterprise, when transit day came he was nowhere to be seen. On November 17, two months after the expedition's arrival and just three weeks before transit day, King Kalakaua (Fig. 14) left Honolulu for Washington, and would not return for three months. For his prime focus at the time was not at a telescope, but at Washington where he came to leverage his personal presence on the negotiation of a treaty between the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States. For Hawaii, the main value of such a treaty would be economic and would depend on the market value of sugar, Hawaii's greatest commercial crop. For the United States, the treaty's value would be both strategic and (as later events would prove) far-reaching.
Before leaving Washington, King Kalakaua would be introduced to President Ulysses Grant, he would be received by the houses of Congress in joint session, and he would get what he came for. But he would not get it without giving up something in return. When the Reciprocity Treaty was signed in January 1875, it would put Hawaii's fragile economy on a firm basis by permitting Hawai'i-grown sugar to enter the United States duty-free. But it would also direct the Hawaiian Islands away from their long-standing flirtations with England and toward their consummate embrace with the United States; for the king would, in effect, sign away to the American Navy the rights to Pearl Harbor.
As might be expected, in the king's absence, there was a bit of turmoil in Honolulu as transit day dawned. Awash in a kingdom with an absentee king, Tupman and http://supportmichaelocc.ca/viagra-from-india company were forced to cope with not a few enthusiastic but misguided subjects who, carrying with them the delusion that they could gain easy access to the telescopes, or would at least be permitted entry to the observatory on this historic occasion, brought a pathetically festive appearance to the observatory site. In the absence of the king, Queen Kapiolani and the dowager queen Emma, anticipating possible unrest in downtown Honolulu, stepped forward in an attempt to maintain public order. British Commissioner James Wodehouse appealed to the Hawaiian government for permission to land a small band of men from HMS Scout to keep the ground around the observatory clear, and by early afternoon the site at Apua had taken on the unfriendly appearance of a military fort (Fig. 26). It was a good thing too, for at about 3 o'clock hundreds of natives arrived at the gates in their holiday clothes!
The transit of Venus occurred, as predicted, on December 8th (Hawaiian time), and the red-coated sentinels, needed or not, held their positions not only in Honolulu but at Kailua-Kona and Waimea as well. The rain clouds withdrew, the sun shone, and useful observations were obtained at two of the three observing stations, Honolulu and Waimea.
The main goal of the Hawaii expedition was to observe, record, and photograph the exact instant of internal contact as Venus began to encroach upon the solar disk. This photograph (Fig. 27) was taken in Honolulu shortly before internal contact; and this one (Fig. 28) approximately five minutes after internal contact. The critical moment having been witnessed and recorded by both Tupman and one of his colleagues at 3h 35m 54s past noon, Honolulu Mean Time, the sun dropped into the sea at 5:18 p.m. while the transit was still in progress.
In the aftermath of the transit, the Forbes-Barnacle team at Kailua-Kona, having missed internal contact due to passing clouds, was in for a few more surprises. Barnacle was declared mad and ordered home, but lingered long enough to travel down the coast with Forbes to visit the site of the newly erected monument to their slain countrymen Captain Cook (Fig. 29). Erected in November 1874 (Fig. 30) in the midst of the British transit proceedings, the monument still stands in commemoration of two seminal episodes in the history of British-Hawaii relations: The arrival of Captain Cook and, a century later, the arrival of his Venus-chasing countrymen.
In England, the transit's aftermath included the laborious efforts to reduce the data and publish the results – an effort that encompassed many years. Airy's official Account of the British transit observations, published in 1881, ran to more than 500 pages, fully half of which was devoted to the expedition to the Hawaiian Islands. Still, this weighty tome was but an abridgment of the bulk of the matter originally intended for publication – and there were two items conspicuously absent from the document: the name of Henry Barnacle, and a new value for the Astronomical Unit.
For those of wishing to learn more about the story that I have sketched here today, the newly published book Hokuloa (Fig. 31: Tupman at the telescope) is delicious with detail. The book was in the cooking house for more than ten years before being served up to the reading world, and its prolonged preparation involved more than 100,000 miles of travel by the author to libraries, archives, and historic sites in Europe, America, and Polynesia.The story that Hokuloa tells begins in a time-honored way: in medias res (in the middle of things). The first 157 pages are divided up into 35 short chapters (for an average length of about 4½ pages per chapter) and read much like a historical novel. The mathematical and astronomical details of transits have been assigned to 4 separate appendices so as not to gratuitously interrupt the narrative. And for those with scholarly inclinations, there are, in the back of the book, more than 600 endnotes, many of them substantive, as well as a full bibliography.
The book's chief protagonist, George Forbes, not only launches the book but ends it with a marvelous display of fairy-tale-like heroism. And although this may seem an incongruous climax to a strictly scientific history, it will add, for some of you, a welcome bit of romance to an otherwise male-dominated story.
Indeed, my short lecture today has been, at best, but a brief preview of the exciting tale that the fuller book contains. I hope you will read it.
The next transit of Venus is expected in June 2012. Hawaii will be well placed for the event. Perhaps I will see some of you at that time.
Until then, thank you for your kind attention, and aloha.
This lecture by Dr. Michael Chauvin was originally delivered by him on June 7, 2004, at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. We thank him for reproducing this as an article at www.transitofvenus.org.
About the Author
Broadly educated in the U.S. at the universities of Michigan, Hawaii, and Harvard, Michael Chauvin received his Ph.D. in the History and Philosophy of Science from England's historic Cambridge University. He is a founding member of the IAU-IUHPS Inter-Union Commission for the History of Astronomy and a consultant of Commission 41 of the International Astronomical Union.


text:
Buccaneer of the Week Archives
February 07, 2011
Caroline Wendling picked up two points to help the #4 Buccaneers post a 9-0 win over Northwood. Playing in the #2 singles slot, Wendling downed Priseila Duarte 6-0, 6-0. She also combined with Laura Boguet for an 8-0 win over Fiorella Moggia and Andrea Sucre at #1 doubles.
Manny Rodriguez surrendered just one hit with no walks and 11 strikeouts as he led the #29 Buccaneers in a 3-0 win over Georgia Southwestern. In seven innings, the Hurricanes managed only a bloop single off Rodriguez in the fifth inning as he threw just 89 pitches.


text:
I was just talking to a CM there yesterday and he informed me that CM previews should be taking place by the end of Dec or sometime in Jan, with passholder previews taking place in probably late Feb or March. I also got some neat new pics to share with you guys when i get home tonight and get them resized and stuff...Originally Posted by sterm26
I was just ranting in another thread about my first ride on Soarin' being during a passholder preview session... How cool would it be if we could put together a DWT "first ride" during one of the preview days? I'd definitely make time to get there for that. Anyone else think they might be game for that?
Or how about... does anyone know how we might find out exactly when that preview is going to be so that we might start making plans?


text:
Playing the Climate Research Game
Perhaps people are either tired of discussing or too embarrassed to discuss the problems of Obamacare, so the cultural conversation is returning to debate climate change.
Advocates intone that 97 percent of peer-reviewed research demonstrates that man-made climate change is a fact. They then assume that there is an overwhelming consensus among scientists, and that it is imperative we do something to save the planet from ourselves.
All this sounds reasonable until you know how the climate research game is played.
Climate change advocates either remain willfully ignorant of how climate research is done, or they know the intentionally political nature of this research and deliberately hide it.
If you don't understand how the research game is played, you, too, will be duped by these arguments, and will blithely sit while leftist idealists armed with "scientific facts" from comrades in white lab coats rip away what vestiges of freedom we have left in this country.
I have worked in academia among professors at Georgia Tech and many other research institutions for 20 years and I know the game.
Major universities pay their professors to teach and do research. However, you probably didn't know that while research is a major part of a professor's job, universities typically don't pay for the actual research that they do.
It is up to each professor to get their own funding to get lab space, buy equipment, and hire grad students to help them do their research.
If a professor does not publish enough peer-reviewed research within the first 5-7 years after they are hired, they will not get tenure and they will probably be out of a job.
Successful professors at major research universities spend more time raising money to do research than actually doing research. They are professional fund-raisers before they are researchers.
Now, if you are a chemical engineer or physicist, for instance, you have many funding options available to you. There are government agencies to which you may submit a grant proposal to fund your research. There are many foundations interested in these areas.
More often, though, private companies like Kimberly-Clark, Intel, or Dow will fund university researchers to make major new advances in science because it benefits the company. It is often cheaper for these companies than doing the research in their in-house labs.
However, when it comes to climate research, there is little benefit for foundations and companies to research the weather. So, almost all climate research funding comes from various government agencies. All of these agencies are ideologically driven.
If you submit a grant proposal that aims to demonstrate the veracity of man-made climate change, there may be a big check in your future.
If you submit a grant proposal that intends to disprove man-made climate change, you and your research group will go out of business because you won't get funding.
The next time someone says to you that 97 percent of peer-reviewed research proves that climate change is real, wake them up! Just reply, "Are you really that stupid?" and explain how the climate research game is played. It is a cleverly disguised ideological hustle, so don't fall for it.
Is climate change real? Of course! The climate changes all the time.
Do humans have anything to do with it? Not likely.
If you talk to meteorologists (I know a few) who work with the weather every day, many are not convinced at all.
However, professional meteorologists don't do much peer-reviewed research. They are busy working with the weather. It is university climate scientists who do most of the published research.
If you know anything about university professors (I have written an Oxford University dissertation on the topic), they are overwhelmingly left-leaning politically, and the vast majority are registered Democrats.
Climate science research is done by almost exclusively ideological liberals funded completely by ideological liberals to produce "results" that prove liberal ideology.
If the sole source of climate research funding were not government agencies, I may be more willing to accept its conclusions. But I know too much about the climate research game to know better.
Unlike most any other area of scientific research, climate science is thoroughly skewed, tainted, and politicized because the only way to get funding is from an ideological government agency.
This spills over into other sciences, too. I may be a biological researcher studying the mating habits of the Eastern Gray Squirrel. It is not easy to get funding for this kind of research from a foundation or company.
However, if I write a government grant proposing to research the impact of climate change on the mating habits of the Eastern Gray Squirrel, I'll get my grant.
The "97 percent of peer-reviewed research" claim only tells us that 97 percent of government-funded research supports the government and U.N.'s liberal ideological ends.
Show me a large body of climate research funded by a non-ideological source that demonstrates man-made climate change, then let's talk.
The "scientific consensus" that climate alarmists claim does not exist. There are thousands of working scientists who don't buy the mantra. See the Petition Project (www.petitionproject.org) for just one list of them.
[David Richardson of Peachtree City is the executive director of The Assumptions Project. He has a master's degree from Oxford University, and is a university consultant in education and culture. He is a recognized expert on the religious attitudes and beliefs of university professors. He, his wife and children have lived in Fayette County for more than two decades.]
- David Richardson's blog
- Login or register to post comments
If i talk about climate change, I am not going to tell you that you should buy your gasoline by the liter.
www.petitionproject.org - 17000 scientists signed this petition, 9029 with PHDs. Like Gail D Adams, PhD, he was born in 1918, died 2010. If you grab a few names from the list, like these, Luther Aull, PhD, Neil N. Ault, PhD, Kathi A. Aultman, MD. And Google them, you see the exact same list hit over and over again with different organizations with different names. Any one smell a rat?
There are people who will do internet searches on all of the names on the list. In short, the list is not credible. http://www.dailykos.com/story/2005/02/09/91208/-Anti-global-warming-fals...
If 17000 scientist called out here are 3% of the scientific community who say "No", then that means that 546,000 believe climate change is real.
For a practically based alternative point of view, please try this one. http://www.climatebites.org/climate-communication-metaphors-and-soundbit.... It is by Rich Alley, PhD out of Penn State.
If climate change is real and it is only folks of liberal persuasion pursuing answers, then the liberals have the best shot to save the planet, including all of the conservatives on it.
The science confirming global warming is simple and proven. There is no scientific debate is global warming real. Scince confirmed man is causing it. It comes from buring clao and oil (mostly). The scientific debate is about how much trouble we are in. And that is a tougher question.
Science Magazine
talks about a survey of the literature and supports the 97% consensus calim.
We know that oil and coal are rich and powerful and the idea of going from hero to zero in a couple of decades and being able to see the whole thing coming is not too exciting so it is likely they will fund efforts to delay the transition - to the tune of billions of dollars in their pockets. Could it be that te 3% desenting opion about climate change is from people who get their paycheck from oil or coal ?
Want to know more about climate change ? The USA government is a world leading resoruce on the subject.
http://climate.nasa.gov/ - maybe NASA is a sham organization ?
http://www.noaa.gov/climate.html - USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - sham website ?
http://www.eia.gov/ - the USA energy Information Administraiton ?
USA Nation Renewable Energy Laboratory ?
Want to know about the path forward? Like wind resource off the coast of Gerogia ?
US Department of energy ?
The always feared and loathed EPA
The world bank
Note the .gov extension.
International Organizaitons - a United nations Organization.
When oil and coal go bandrupt, the money spent on the fuel today will be freed up in a renewable economic dividend to be spent on other things.
If climate change is real and it is only folks of liberal persuasion pursuing answers, then the liberals have the best shot to save the planet, including all of the conservatives on it.
Thanks for all the government website links and the vast government inspired "industry" of green. Ever wonder who is getting rewarded with all this climate change stuff? Why! Could it possibly be the "scientists"? Could it be the politically connected? Could it be the investors in the crony companies created to "solve" the climate change "problem". Could it be gosh, Al Gore? You know the guy that sold his "environmental" talk radio station to big oil? Only he says because they had the best price.
If it's between trusting my senses and logic vs. trusting government funded science, well......
Now you go right along with all the other sheeple and try and "solve" the "problem" of global climate change, the rich and powerful politicians need unquestioning people like you. I mean, you have the best intentions after all, you're trying to save the world and all those people that just can't quite grasp the concept. Thanks buddy!
Try and grasp this condition55, it's about the money.
The links I post are all credible main stream establishment US government organizations or similar. No front sites financed by the oil industry.
Since the fossil fuels business will surely go bankupt, just like the steam powered railroad, do ya think they have launched a global propoganda campaign to delay the transition ? (They cannot stop it, they can only delay it.)
or are they all puritanical good samaritans, simply advocating for good of the general public ?
Let me see who has more to lose on this equation ? The entire scientific body of the planet( -3% funded by the fossil fuels industry ? ) or the fossil fuels industry? Short term, the fossil fuels industry, because they are going out of business. Long term, every human being on the planet for the next thousand years.
Every one in the power generation business, you could read that as Southern Company and Georgia Power, know the transition is coming.
The federal government is letting leases for off shore wind power generation and they are all being bought.
If you are a power generation company like Duke or Southern Co, do you really want the distinction of being the last major US power generation company in America with big coal infrastruture ? And be recognized as the biggest power generation putz in the country ?
Why do you think north east Wyoning wants a train to Seattle ? To ship coal to what will be the last major coal market on the planet, China? That is my guess.
The only scientific debate about climate change is, how much trouble we are really in.
This month the UN IPCC will meet in Yokohama Japan and issue updated guidance. Each time new guidance is issued, my prediction is the news will be more and more serious as human understanding of the reality of the situation improves.
For sure thid topic has nothing to do with politics. Why? because it is everyone who is at risk, not just liberals.
Using "credible" and "US Government" in the same sentence is an oxymoron.
small correction to your discourse, the fossil fuel industry is not going out of business, however the government is attempting to regulate it out of business, it will fail. As you aptly point out, fossil fuel will be exported because it's the cheapest form of energy. So in the long term, it will put America at a competitive disadvantage, but at least we will live clean as we all live in poverty.
Oh yes, somehow the rich political elite will come out just fine no matter what. They just want YOU to take the cold shower.
Don't you know that scientific fact must be vetted by the oracles at Fox "News"? Please don't preach heresy to true believers. Next, I suppose that you'll assert that the world is over 6,000 years old, that people have never lived much over 100 years, and that fatherhood at 500 years old may be a stretch. Remember, there's empirical science and then there is "science."
Truth is stranger than fiction.


text:
(08-13-2012 11:09 AM)crimedawg47 Wrote: another GP, you're killing me man
(08-13-2012 08:17 PM)sky20t Wrote: Nice oldschool break! I bought a few packs of these back then. I think I pulled the same Iverson Fascimile vision card but my other card is a keeper for sure. It was Michael Jordan base card by the way but still very cool.


text:
Congrats on your playoff run!
Hows your DD doing in hockey?
DD is doing great! She did in house squirts after mites travel was over. Her team finished undefeated in the regular season and had an unfortunate loss in the last 5 seconds of overtime to the 2nd place team in the playoffs. So they came in 3rd in the championships. She tried out for squirts travel and made the B team. I'm very proud being this is her first year as a squirt. We will be going to the Hershey tournament this year. Her coach is a former NHL player and was on the Russian team at the Lake Placid Olympics so she is going to learn a lot this year.


text:
A Civil World. Off-topic discussions on a variety of topics. > Trans-Atlantic Knowledge Exchange
Do you have an electric kettle?
1lt of 55/13 degree water reached boiling in 4 min at 50 ft above sea level in the US this morning. I do remember my kettle in Oz being so much faster.
Mel the Redcap:
We put filtered water in our kettle, and we keep the filter jug in the fridge, so starting from pretty cold - 1l of water takes 3m 16s in my spiffy new kettle. Which looks very cool while boiling. ;)
US Deep South here. We started with a stove top kettle, moved up to an electric kettle, then traded that in on a Zojirushi water heater. We drink lots of tea. The Zo heats the water and then holds it at temperature.
I used to have a kettle, til my ex spilled cooking oil into it :/. I use toe coffee maker to heat water for tea now, but I miss my kettle for sure.
[0] Message Index
[*] Previous page
Go to full version


text:
Trafalgar Square, London.
GV Trafalgar Square Faith Healing meeting / demonstration. CU Nelson's Column base meeting addressed by Mr Johannson. CU Of Faith Healers standing by the base of Nelson's Column. CU Of banner held by one of Faith Healers "National Federation of Spiritual Healers". CU Of mural at base of Column showing Nelson wounded. GV Crowd of people listening to meeting. SV Pan of woman with bad foot walking to platform. SV People watching. CU Of woman with bad foot being treated by Mr Harry Edwards. CU Man watches. SV Mr Edwards treating woman with bad foot who is seated in chair. CU Mr Edwards. CU Mr Edwards moves woman's leg. CU Pan woman with bad foot walks away. CU Of volunteer Faith Healer treating a woman. CU Another volunteer healer treating a man. GV Of Crowd. Pan down to Mr Edwards treating another person.


text:
Annie Minoff is Science Friday's SciArts producer. She's visited Olympic ski jumps and a nuclear reactor in the name of science.
by David Grann
The SciFri Book Club calls its first in-person meeting to order, at New York City's Explorers Club.
Journey into the Amazonian jungle with David Grann's The Lost City of Z.
An excerpt from Bill Nye the Science Guy's new book, Undeniable.
The original meet-cute. When sperm and egg meet, sparks fly.
Sign up for SciFri in your inbox


text:
The LEED Platinum Daybreak Corporate Center maximizes daylight, water and energy in a sustainable community development on reclaimed mining land.
With locations across the U.S., fast-food restaurants have great potential to create positive environmental impacts as they enter the green-building arena.
There are more benefits than drawbacks to these quickly growing lighting technologies.
Readers respond to articles in previous issues of eco-structure.
Natural and VOC-free paints are gaining ground as Earth-friendly options that deliver comparable performance to conventional coatings.
Geothermal heating and cooling systems are earning their reputations as a viable alternative to traditional HVAC.


text:
Bonnie Mauney
Latest posts by Bonnie Mauney (see all)
- Awesome Super Bowl Party Ideas - January 27, 2015
- Valentine Ideas |Monday Funday - January 25, 2015
- #QuesoForAll Twitter Party - January 22, 2015
|Creating Crafts and Home Decor
The hoodie looks wonderful and she looks thrilled…the BEST reward! Unfortunately I don't Twitter so I'm out but I'm happy to go LIKE everyone anyway! LOL I need to stencil my bedroom walls and am searching for just the right thing so I'll take a look at their designs…thanks!
I am a faithful follower and your stenciled hoodie is SO fabulous!! I think I'd have to stencil the shelving unit I am using for our home organizing center!
i like cutting edge stencils on fb!
i follow your blog (and love it!) – your hoodie looks so cute!!
Now that is a creative way to use a stencil…you have given me a great idea to use for some of Kate's dance hoodies!
Jessica @ Mom 4 Real
I Like Cutting Edge Stencils on fb!
Jessica @ Mom 4 Real
Oh, your hoodie turned out so adorable! Very creative using it on clothing, I need to try that!
Now why didn't I think of using a wall stencil as a stencil on clothing?!
The hoodie turned out great!
I like cutting edge stencils on fb.
I am an uncommon follower!
I liked Uncommon on Facebook,
I liked Cutting Edge Stencils on Facebook.
GFC follower.
like you on fb.
And following you on twitter.
Awesome hoodie upgrade! I am already a follower via RSS.
This is so pretty, I think I'd like to make two t-shirts with this, one for me and one for my sister! I'm following via GFC!
I just liked Cutting Edge Stencils on FB. Love, love, love their stencils!
Just liked Cutting Edge Stencils on FB and I really do!!!!
I am an Uncommon follewer….I receive your blogs in my inbox
I follow you via GFC!
I liked Uncommon on FB
i already like cutting edge on fb!
i'm a follower
i already like you on fb!
Wow, the hoodie looks FABulous! Love the butterflies. I'm a follower and I would use the stencil in so many ways. It would be fun to stencil an apron.
I like Cutting Edge Stencils on Facebook and left a comment on their wall about your giveaway
shel704 at aol dot com
I'm following you via Linky Followers & GFC.
I need an alternative to wallpaper in my bathroom since it is not well ventilated. I'm tired of plain paint and this would be perfect…I love their Scallop Allover Stencil and it reminds me of Art Deco and would be perfect for my bathroom
shel704 at aol dot com
I like you on Facebook
shel704 at aol dot com
Following you on Twitter @auntiethesis
shel704 at aol dot com
I'm a follower, Liked Uncommon, Liked CE Stencils! Wooohooo! Your hoodie turned out fabulous. I would use the stencil to embellish a quilt. Thanks for the opportunity to win
I liked Uncommon Design – loved the hoodie you embellished with the stencil – very clever.
I already liked Cutting Edge(that's where I found out about this giveaway:)
I am following your blog now and have not only tweeted about you, but am following you on twitter. (almost sounds like I've become a stalker, eh?)
an aside… I am am enjoying the visit to you blog…
I follow you both RSS and email post. Thanks for the chance to win. AJ@queenofmynest
I liked Cutting Edge Stencils on Facebook!
I'm a new follower! I love how your project turned out! I have been wanting to stencil my curtains forever! I love so many of there stencils!
I liked you on facebook
I'm following you on twitter! Thanks so much for hosting this awesome giveaway!!
liked Cutting Edge Stencils on FB
Following uncommon designs via gfc, I would use the stencil to upcycle my dresser
I like CE stencils on fb.
I follow your blog
I like you on facebook =)
liked uncommon on fb
I follow you on twitter too
following uncommon on twitter
I like Cutting Edge Stencils on FB!
I like you on FB!
I follow you through GFC. I would love to stencil some of my plain lampshades!
i am a follower of ces on fb.
i follow uncommon
Copyright © 2015 Uncommon Designs


text:
Camouflage Makeup 1.0
When applying a concealing makeup, the lighter the hand, the better. It is more effective to apply two light layers if needed than one heavy, thick layer. Blend, blend, blend, for the most natural look.If you have large and open eyes, don?t use bright colors that will over-emphasize the fullness.On deep-set eyes, you should use shadow colors that are on the light side of the color spectrum. Light brings out.
See also: Camouflage makeup, how to cover skin imperfections with makeup
Camouflaging Imperfections 1.0
Put the matching shade all over the face. Put the darker shade on the places you want to camouflage. For example: the sides of a broad nose.Blend the edges of the dark foundation with the fingers so that no patches, streaks or lines show.For a narrow nose apply a bright foundation on each side.Many people use camouflage cosmetics to contour and improve facial features, to either draw attention to or from an area.
See also: How to camouflage imperfections, camouflaging imperfections
Camouflage 1.03
Camouflage is a freeware plug-in for PhotoShop compatible plug-in hosts. With Camouflage you can easily create any type of camouflage texture you desire, ranging from authentic WW2 camouflage patterns to NATO patterns to animal textures. Full control over the look and feel of the effect; scale, blurring, falloff and up to 8 different color layers. Generated patterns are seamless and can be used as textures for 3D graphics or backgrounds.
See also: camo, camouflage, camoflage, camoflauge, camoflouge, cameo, patter, nature, army, desert, snow, marine, navy, ground, force, forces, air, sky, hornet, stinger, wood, forrest, forest, dessert, spot, spots, smudge, smear, paint, scale, size, vanderlee, vdl, vanderlee
Comforter and Bedspreads 1.0
There are a few names that you have to look at. Maybe you have come across the well-known brands in magazines or even brochures. When it comes to comforters and bedspreads, many people decide to settle with the comforter, even though they know that the bedspread is still popular. Tommy Hilfiger has something for you when it comes to expression. Think of what you would like to see in the bedroom and then integrate this great brand of bedding into
See also: Comforters And Bedspreads, Luxury Comforter Sets, Daybed Comforter Sets, Queen Comforter Sets, Camouflage Comforters, California King Comforter, Asian Comforters
Flawless Makeup Tips 1.0
Cosmetics are created to compliment the skin color of the face and body.The most noticeable factor used in determining your best cosmetic colors are your facial skin, your hair and eye color. The color on your face should go with the color of your hair, eyes, and skin and should appeal to your sense of self as well as be appropriate for the occasion.
See also: flawless makeup, flawless makeup secrets, flawless makeup tips
Mineral Makeup 1.0
How to apply mineral makeup? The general rule of thumb is that if a mineral makeup contains bismuth oxychloride, you?ll likely have to buff it in well, for the makeup to look its best. Generally a kabuki brush is used with this technique.Applying mineral makeup is not difficult at all. However, there are some simple tips to help you get the best possible look from your makeup.
See also: applying mineral makeup, how to apply mineral makeup
Natural Makeup 1.0
The secret of perfect make up is not to over do it. It should be subtle, natural and suit your personality. If you're going for a truly natural look, you'll have to rely on subtlety and neutral shades. Stick to colors just a little lighter than your skin tone to highlight your features without going overboard. Do not forget to blend your eye makeup and powder. Everything needs to be blended well.
See also: Natural Makeup, how to look natural with makeup
Hiding Age 1.0
Apply moisturizer before foundation. Wait for ten minutes to allow the skin to absorb it. Cover flaws like pigmented patches with a foundation, or concealer that is a shade lighter than your skin tone. Use a creamy foundation diluted with a drop of water for lighter and smoother coverage. While choosing foundations go for beige or golden tones, avoid pinks. Avoid powders if your skin is dry, but apply a soft shade blusher on the cheekbones.
See also: How to hide your age with adequate makeup, hiding age
Wedding Makeup 1.0
It is important that your makeup look its absolute best for your wedding day. Whether you plan to marry on a beach at noon or at night under the stars, you will look and feel great by keeping your makeup simple. You don?t want to much, nor too little, a natural look is very important. This is not the time to be experimenting with new looks. Your makeup should enhance your beauty, not hide it.
See also: Wedding Makeup, Look your absolute best for your wedding day
Makeup Secrets 1.0
The very first step is assessing your skin type, to determine which type of foundation would work best for you.If you have dry skin, choose a cream foundation, for all other skin types use liquid foundation. Moisturize your skin, then apply the appropriate foundation, using cosmetic sponge or your fingertips.Eyeliner: For wide set eyes, emphasize the inner corners of the eyes.
See also: Makeup Secrets, makeup


text:
ODMCC Staff |
Miller Hoffman Rev. Miller Hoffman has been an active member of UFMCC since joining MCCNY in 1998, where he served on the deaconate, as Adult Education Coordinator, and as a Candidate for Mininstry. Rev. Miller studied at Union Theological Seminary and was awarded the Roswell Dwight Hitchcock Prize in Church History for the thesis, "Every Woman Who Will Make Herself Male: Genderqueer Expression in the Early Church." This thesis was deposited in the Burke Theological Library in 2004. He has worked for LGBT civil rights as a paralegal with Lambda Legal Defense; for anti-violence justice and meditative practice as a tai chi teacher and member of the Board of Directors at the Brooklyn-based Center for Anti-Violence Education, one of the first all-women organizations to include trans women and, later, all trans-identified people; as a counselor and advocate for domestic violence and rape survivors with organizations in New York and Pennsylvania, including work with a state-wide LGBTQ domestic violence network and with one of the few domestic violence organizations in the country to provide services, including shelter, to gay men and trans survivors; as a mentor to local queer and trans youth in NY and PA; and as the pastor of MCC congregations in Binghamton, NY, and now Boyds, MD. Mind-body-spirit connections to social justice and the connectedness of all forms of physical, emotional, and spiritual violence deeply influence his theology and ministry. Rev. Miller lives in Carlisle, PA, with girlfriend Corrine Bertram and volunteers with local community coalitions to promote visibility and respect for and to celebrate the lives of LGBTQ folks. He was ordained by MCCNY in 2004. Read more of Rev. Miller's writing at his Huffington Post page here. |
Harriet Peterson Harriet Peterson has served in churches as a music director, organist, pianist, and accompanist for the past seventeen years. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Piano Performance from Westminster Choir College, and a Master's degree in Music History and Theory from Rutgers University. She also received an M.B.A. from Rutgers Graduate School of Management. She continued her music education at the University of Michigan School of Music with private study in organ and piano. In addition, she has taught piano for the past thirty years in the preparatory departments of Elon College, Westminster Choir College, and in her own studios. She currently teaches piano at Music and Arts in Germantown, MD and in her home. |
Capozzi Jolene Capozzi is a retired math teacher and a former member of Open Door's Board of Directors. She currently serves with the Stewardship Team and sings in the Joyful Noises church choir. Jolene is a regular with the annual variety show, Tasha's Follies, and has been a part of 17 of the 19 productions. She has two sons and families locally. Jolene feels very blessed. |
Gisele Rivera-Broussard |
John Hoffman John is a retired orchestra (strings) and K-12 general music teacher with the Cedar Rapids, Iowa schools, and currently plays as a violinist with several Iowa symphonic ensembles. As a teacher he was also in charge of school website design and upkeep, and pioneered the use of student-generated music and art portfolios at the elementary level. John is a passionate believer in the ministry and mission of ODMCC and is glad to be part of its work. |
Rev. Miller Hoffman |
Vice Moderator |
Treasurer |
Jim Lynch
Clerk |
Risk Assessment |
At-Large |
At-Large |
"I know your deeds. See, I have placed before you an open door that no one can shut." Revelation 3:8
© 2012 Open Door Metropolitan Community Church
15817 Barnesville Road
P.O. Box 127
Boyds, MD 20841
Phone: 301-916-5777
e-Mail: email@example.com


text:
InterNations Featured Blog
Matt: Gaijin Chameleon
Please tell us a little bit about yourself. Who you are, where you come from, when you moved to Japan, etc.
I was actually born in Korea, but when I was one year old I moved to America and became a US citizen. I've lived all over America in 5 different states and a dozen different cities before moving to Japan in 2008. I've lived in Fukuoka prefecture on the southern island of Kyushu since 2009.
When and why did you decide to start blogging about your experiences?
I have a YouTube channel that is now becoming more popular, but early on I was annoyed with the limitations of videos. To give the same amount of information I can convey in a blog post would take maybe 10-15 minutes of video. A video that long would take 20-30 minutes to shoot and then maybe an hour or two to edit. And then, it still wouldn't be as comprehensive as you can make a blog post. Plus, once a video is uploaded you really can't go back and edit or add new information. So I started a new blog to supplement my YouTube channel in early 2011. My two rules are I only write about something that interests me and anything I write must be funny as well as informative.
Do you have any favorite blog entries of yours?
Tell us about the ways your new life in Japan differs from that back home. Did you have trouble getting used to the new circumstances? Did you experience culture shock?
I had moved around a lot before I arrived in Japan so I was used to uprooting and replanting. Aside from the language there wasn't anything major that surprised me. The longer I live here the more I discover and learn. Maybe the biggest differences are how Japanese people typically just quietly accept things, where I'm always asking, "Why?" or "Why not?" and the relationships between men and women seem a bit archaic at times. Oh, and Japanese variety shows are absolutely insane!
Do you think you were fully prepared for what awaited you in Japan? If you could, would you change some decisions/preparations you made?
Mentally you have to be like water. If you can just go with the flow, then life has to work really hard to shake you. I've always been like that, so mentally I don't think I could have been more ready. There are some things that I could have maybe brought with me that are difficult to find in Japan, like a can opener or something, but that's trivial really. The biggest thing is language. I studied French for 8 years and then up and moved to Japan. French is about as useful in Japan as gold bars are to a drowning man. You can never have enough Japanese before coming to Japan.
Every expat knows that expat life comes with some hilarious anecdotes and funny experiences. Care to share one with us?
I did an interview for a local cable news channel that was interviewing foreigners living in Fukuoka. When I arrived for the interview they were surprised because my American name and my Korean face don't match. They asked me where I was from and I said America. They looked confused at this answer so I told them that I was born in Korea. They immediately scribbled "Korean" next to my name.
Which three tips would you like to give future expats before they embark on their new life in Japan?
- Be realistic. I see a lot of people imagining Japan as this sort of fairytale place with schoolgirls in short skirts, sushi joints on every block, and wacky insanely entertaining antics. While there is some of all of that, Japan is much more normal and all of the stuff you imagine about Japan typically only makes up a small fraction of reality here. Don't come just because you LOVE anime or manga. Anime and manga of course often portray exaggerated reality or really just pure fiction. Everyday life doesn't match up and if you want to be the anime character with the bleached hair and bad attitude that everyone secretly relies on you'll be in for a rude awakening.
- Learn Japanese in this order: 1st Katakana (It's used for all non-Japanese based words and a lot of onomatopoeic sounds, so first learn how to say English words in Japanese.) 2nd Hiragana (Hiragana is the basic alphabet, but you should learn it quickly because most words use Chinese characters and Hiragana's most useful as a base to learn Kanji.) Kanji (You need to know around 2000 kanji to read a newspaper. That sounds like a lot. It is a lot… no one said learning Japanese was easy…)
- Make mistakes, get lost, talk to strangers, try the weird things on the menu, and remember where they keep the western style toilets.
How is the expat community in Japan? Did you have a hard time finding like-minded people or fellow expats?
The gaijin in Japan can be a mixed lot of course. Many fall into the tourist category even if they have been here for a few years. Some people have trouble adapting long term and are toxic to be around, but that has less to do about Japan than their personal character. Others know so much more about Japan than you and they like rubbing that fact in your face. But the ones who have been in Japan for several years are typically very warm and great people to be around. It's always nice having a good conversation over a few cold beers. Larger cities will hold higher populations of course, but you'll be surprised where you'll randomly run into an expat!
How would you summarize your expat life in Japan in a single, catchy sentence?
Japan is my home, but I'm not interested in being Japanese, I'm interested in being me.


text:
Category Archives: reback
Gladney Family Bible
Gladney Family Bible repair and restoration. The bookbinding is very straight forward on a leather bound book of the 19th century. Continue reading
Posted in 19th century, ancestors, ancestry, bible, family bible, family tree, heirloom, leather, paper mending, reback
Leave a comment
The judge's Family Bible
The judge's Family Bible came in for repair. Continue reading
Posted in 19th century, bible, conservation, family bible, heirloom, reback, spine, tightback
Leave a comment
Bookbinder's Dressing Proving a Hit
Leather care for collectible and fine leather books using Bookbinder's Dressing. Continue reading
Posted in 19th century, bible, cleaning, conservation, family bible, genealogy, heirloom, rare book, reback, tightback, touch-up
Leave a comment
Clothbound Books Restored
Example of two clothbound books repaired by the bookbinder. Continue reading
Posted in 19th century, 20th century, closeup, cloth binding, corners, paper, reback, spine, touch-up
Leave a comment
Unusual Binding: 1818 Psalms & Sacred Musick
An unusually styled double book binding has found its way to the bindery. Continue reading
Posted in bindery, closeup, leather, odd stuff, paper mending, reback, spine
Leave a comment


text:
I've recently finished a contract for a client developing a new, great looking site for Benenden Fertility, part of the Benenden Hospital Trust.
I used Umbraco 4.7 for this project since two previous projects had used Umbraco 4.5 and I wanted to delve into the changes but also wanted to push my client's dev team into new pastures too!
I had originally estimated 2 weeks for the site build and am pleased to say the site was delivered on time with Benenden very happy with the results.
What I am especially pleased with was the lack of fixes or changes required by Benenden as a result of their internal testing, prior to go-live. In a nutshell, this means that:
Of course, there is always room for improvement:
Realistically, this is still pleasing since if the project had been perfect I would have been scratching my head wondering what I'd missed!
Most importantly for me though, is the fact that because the site was on time and that the Benenden was happy, my client's dev team are reassured that they can meet deadlines and their work isn't always strewn with errors and bugs. This in turn creates a happier team environment, and makes my client happier too.
Hoorah for Umbraco.
Related posts
Freelance .Net developer based in Leeds, using NHibernate, MVC - but essentially always looking to learn ...
Father, husband and brewer of beer.
Contact me »


text:
found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Annabelle - Update!
Facts about Annabelle - Update
- Breed: Doberman Pinscher
- Color: Gray/Blue/Silver/Salt & Pepper
- Age: Adult
- Size: Large 61-100 lbs (28-45 kg)
- Sex: Female
Annabelle - Update's Info...
I am already spayed, housetrained, purebred, up to date with shots, and good with dogs.
Annabelle is a beautiful 3 year old blue girl, she has a much darker, richer coat that some blues we see. Annabelle was found stray and taken to a shelter where little was done for her. A very dobie friendly animal control officer knew the place she needed to go so Annabelle made the trip to our rescue. A vet visit showed she is heartworm positive so treatment will begin soon. Because of her pending treatment we will not be able to get Annabelle spayed until after she is heartworm negative. Annabelle seems to get along fine with other dogs and doesn't mean to hurt a cat but loves to chase them. She also loves to get lots of attention from people and enjoys a good long walk or car ride too!
UPDATE: Annabelle has long since completed her heartworm treatment and is healthy and available for adoption! She does; however, need to be an only dog as she does not get along with other dogs. She loves people and will be perfect for a one dog household.
The cost to treat heartworms is $600. If you would be interested in helping pay for Annabelle's treatment, please visit our website and click on the paypal link or send a check directly to the rescue. Thank you very much!
Other Pets at Southwest Ohio Doberman Rescue
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Annabelle - Update, a New Richmond Doberman Pinscher dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Doberman Pinscher for sale in New Richmond, or seeking a Doberman Pinscher dog from a breeder in New Richmond.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in New Richmond already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a New Richmond breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even Doberman Pinscher breeders who help with Doberman Pinscher rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in New Richmond paves the way for another one to be saved.


text:
Useful Information
Whether you are a serial sunbather or a serious swimmer, finding the right mastectomy swimsuit is essential after breast surgery. We have designed a range of mastectomy swimwear to suit your every need; each swimsuit has been cleverly designed with a higher neckline and underarms, as well as discreet pockets to hold your prosthesis safely and securely.
In order to help you understand the types of mastectomy swimwear and styles in the Nicola Jane collection, we have put together a guide to our mastectomy swimwear which will hopefully help you with your selection.
All Nicola Jane swimsuits are pocketed to hold your prosthesis securely. The pocket features a soft foam cup which will disguise your prosthesis and any nipple difference.
All Nicola Jane swimsuits are shown in bust sizes, where no specific cup size is stated the swimsuit will fit a general B/C cup size. If you are a D cup fitting or larger we recommend you order the next size up.
Proper care of your swimsuit will ensure longer wear and support. It is wise to follow the directions provided by the care label. Always rinse out your swimsuit as soon as possible in fresh water and give it a good wash in a very mild detergent when you get home. Never leave your swimsuit for too long without rinsing as chlorine is like bleach and will affect the colours and elasticity of your suit.


text:
Russell Means, Gone But Not Forgotten
Native American activist Russell Means, who gained national attention as a leader in the American Indian Movement and rode that wave into acting and politics, died Monday at his ranch in Porcupine on the Pine Ridge reservation.
The 72-year-old Oglala was diagnosed in August 2011 with inoperable esophageal cancer that eventually spread to his tongue, lymph nodes and lungs, friends say.
"Our dad and husband now walks among our ancestors," a statement from the family said. Means was married five times — the last to his widow, Pearl. He had 10 children.
Once dubbed by the Los Angeles Times as the most famous Native American since Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, the charismatic Means, with his dark braids, pursued a path of confrontation to turn the national spotlight on poverty and discrimination suffered by his people…
Continue reading on Argus Leader »
Multicultural Familia
Latest posts by Multicultural Familia (see all)
- Utah on Target to Eradicate Homelessness by 2015 - December 20, 2013
- Former NYPD Chief Kerik, after Release from Prison, says "The System is Broken" - November 1, 2013
- Day of the Dead Catrina Makeup Tutorial - October 28, 2013


text:
Hamilton, a home-remodeling pro with a sideline in auto restoration, has lived on Jefferson County's Lookout Mountain, the location of the metro area's largest and most extensive antenna farm, since 1976. Today his house is so close to Channel 31's tower that it might be in danger were a strong wind to tip over the spindly structure. Therefore, he and his wife, Nancy Hamilton, spent most of the fifteen years they were married immersed in a miasma of television and radio waves that played havoc with their various gadgets. Gordon, for instance, can only get a handful of radio stations on his expensive Bose receiver because the appliance is so flooded with contradictory electronic signals -- and if he doesn't wrap his phone cord around his arm while making a call, assorted broadcasts crackle through the speaker more clearly than the voice of the person he's talking to. "There are also these noises that I hear in my shop," he allows. "The piping must act as an antenna, picking up some frequencies and magnifying them to an audible point."
But these annoyances are infinitesimal compared with what happened to Nancy. In November 2000, when she was in her early fifties, she discovered a lump on the roof of her mouth that grew steadily in size. The following March, she was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a fairly rare and especially deadly form of cancer that has been anecdotally linked to the nonionizing radiation associated with RF exposure. Doctors wanted to treat the tumor with a different type of radiation -- the ionizing sort, whose effects for good or ill are well documented. But Nancy, who'd witnessed the devastating impact of such therapy on a close friend who subsequently perished, decided to try a series of alternative cures instead. These methods didn't work, however, and in June, she began to slip away -- but not before expressing concerns that continue to haunt Gordon to this day.
"Some of her dying words were, 'If only you would have gotten me off this mountain...,'" he recalls. And then he breaks down.
Nancy's story provides powerful motivation for Lookout Mountain-area residents who object to the proposed addition of a digital tower to the antenna nest ("Tower Failure," January 24). But even as these protesters argue that nonionizing radiation poses serious health perils (a claim that's yet to be proven definitively), New York's Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is considering whether to relax its rules about radio frequencies -- and since the Federal Communications Commission uses the IEEE guidelines as its own, such a shift might well allow broadcasters like those with towers near the Hamilton abode to legally emit much higher RF levels than are currently permissible.
Predictably, the mere possibility of loosening RF standards has stoked the ire of folks such as Deb Carney, attorney for Canyon Area Residents for the Environment (CARE), a group that opposes new towers on Lookout Mountain. To her, the most important question is, "Are we going to use prudent avoidance of risk, or are we going to wait until there's absolute proof that continued exposure harms or kills before taking any action?"
Las Vegas-based Richard A. Tell, who's been heavily involved in IEEE's national-standards revision process, won't take that bait. He says study after study shows that RF exposure doesn't hurt people unless "the thermal effect" -- the level at which nonionizing radiation heats the body -- is triggered. "Some people don't want to hear that," notes Tell, who served as a consultant to Channel 4 during a previous attempt to put a digital tower on Lookout Mountain. He's presently providing services to Pinnacle Towers Inc., which wants to place a similar device on Eldorado Mountain, south of Boulder. "My simple response to them is 'Please show us where we have erred. Tell us where we're wrong.' And so far, they haven't been able to do that."
Even so, Tell emphasizes that "nothing we've talked about so far is in any sense of the word final." And indeed, the paper that's largely responsible for the latest RF brouhaha -- "IEEE Standard for Safety Levels With Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz," a 31-page manuscript assembled by Tell -- is clearly labeled "Preliminary Draft." Furthermore, each page ends with this straightforward sentence: "This document is a working draft revision and is not intended for general distribution."
That didn't prevent copies from being leaked to Microwave News and RCR News, two specialty publications that printed articles on the subject in recent months. Neither did it stop EMR Network, a Vermont-based watchdog group in which Carney is involved, from posting the document on its Web site, emrnetwork.org. IEEE representatives threatened EMR with legal action unless it removed the text from the site. But after Carney consulted with assorted lawyers, who told her that the previous articles had already pushed the draft into the public domain, Janet Newton, EMR's president, decided to hold her ground. "We try to be a clearinghouse of information," Newton says. "And this is information people need to know."