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Results 1 to 7 of 7
I'm trying to download the Knoppix CD.EN ISO file but I have a really slow connection. I heard that you can join a Linux User Group where there have the ...
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- 12-19-2005 #1
- Join Date
- Dec 2005
- Posts
- 7
Knoppix ISO file
- 12-19-2005 #2
- Join Date
- Feb 2005
- Posts
- 24
If I were you, I would try doing a Google search for a local Linux User Group.
For example, I live in Omaha, NE. When I type Omaha, NE Linux User Group into Google, the first result is www.olug.org (Omaha Linux User Group).
Otherwise, someone will have to mail you the copy, and there's no guarantees that it would be able to get to you very quickly.
- 12-20-2005 #3
- Join Date
- Apr 2005
- Location
- Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Posts
- 908
Yeah.. do a Google search for Linux CDS, I'm sure you will find a place somewhere near you live.
"All the drugs in this world won\'t save you from yourself"
- 12-20-2005 #4
- Join Date
- Nov 2005
- Location
- Cyberspace
- Posts
- 5
Originally Posted by mainframe_caduceus
- 12-20-2005 #5
- Join Date
- May 2004
- Location
- arch linux
- Posts
- 18,733
If none of that works... you can also sometimes get them free in various Linux magazines. You'd need to check your local book/magazine store. Another option would be to check for CD vendors that distribute different Linux distributions on the web. Just do a Google search. Some of them sell Linux CDs for as low as .99 cents plus a small shipping charge.
Hope you are able to get your hands on it.
- 12-20-2005 #6
you pay for the shipping and the cd i'll make it for you and send it to you if you would like. just email at firstname.lastname@example.com
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- 12-24-2005 #7
- Join Date
- Dec 2005
- Posts
- 7
I'll probably buy the CD
I think I should probably buy the CD from a book shop or the Internet. My connection is too slow to support the download file.
Thanks for the help everyone

subset: commoncrawl


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FedEx airlifted two giant pandas from Beijing, China to Memphis, Tennessee. Read Panda Story. FedEx contracted AdGraphics to produce and install the panda graphics for their highly publicized cargo. FedEx says, "job well done!"
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Aircraft must be professionally cleaned prior to adding graphics. AdGraphics trusts Aero Detail, professional aircraft detailers.


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Mon, Aug 3, 09 at 2:43
I got many fruit trees and am planning to move, so i cant carry them with me. Here are some of them:
30 gallon star fruit tree 15 gal guava tree 10 gal satsuma tree 10 gal kumquat tree 10 gal Santa rosa plum 10 gal June Plum besides, i also have texas orange, grape fruit, gooseberry, mango. Email me: email@example.com for prices and pics. Thanks. |
Follow-Up Postings:
interesting |
- Posted by don 77459(firstname.lastname@example.com) onSat, Mar 19, 11 at 14:09
May I know the address? I am looking for guava trees. Also, I mihgt be interested in others trees. Thank you. |
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Dole Food Co. Inc. posted lower first quarter revenue than in 2011, partially because of the lowest vegetable commodity prices in 15 years, according to company executives who said they are considering spinning off part of the business to increase stock values.
Chief executive officer David DeLorenzo discussed the first quarter and the exploration of "full or partial separation," of Dole's packaged foods business during a conference call with investors and media on May 3. He said the "strategic review" of the Westlake Village, Calif.-based company had just begun.
"Our goal would be to accomplish something by the end of this year," DeLorenzo said. "We have come across some opportunities that, if we are able to execute, would be good for both the packaged foods business and the commodities business."
The Miami Herald reported Janney Capital Markets analyst Jonathan Feeney said the spin-off of the packaged foods business could raise between $900 million and $1 billion.
Improvement expected
Despite the drop in revenue, income for "continuing operations" for the first quarter of 2012 was $17 million, compared to $2 million in 2011's first quarter.
Major factors in the income were the October 2011 acquisition SunnyRidge Farm Inc., Winter Haven, Fla., with its berry business, and Dole's packaged salad line, DeLorenzo said.
"Our first quarter results were impacted by extraordinarily low prices in all of our major commodity vegetables," DeLorenzo said. "Our packaged salads and fresh berries businesses had very strong results in the quarter."
He predicted year-to-year improvement for the second and third quarters of 2012 as the commodity side of the business moves into the Salinas Valley harvest in California.
As for the banana backbone of the company, DeLorenzo said he anticipates flat prices in North America and higher costs of fruit from Latin America to continue this year.
Fresh pineapple sales were up for the quarter because of improved volumes worldwide, DeLorenzo said, adding that deciduous fruit from Chile is also enjoying good sales.
But the big winner was packaged salads, posting more than a 50% increase in earnings. However, DeLorenzo said they had not seen much growth in private label packaged salads.
Banking on berries, packaged salads and Dole's traditional commodities business, officials said they were not worried when media asked about the separation the more predictable packaged foods business.


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Attronica Computers, Inc. filed as a Statement & Designation By Foreign Corporation in the State of California filed on Monday, September 24, 2001. This corporation is approximately fourteen years old according to documents filed with California Secretary of State.
Niel's past corporate interests include the Director of Attronica Computers, Inc. .
Key roles for Niel Tucker |
Attronica Computers, Inc.
Director, Senior Vice-President, Svp Sales And Director
Inactive |


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
Baker in training. Haven't been cooking long, took a couple of courses, decided it's something I can become good at.


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Fantasy owners of New York Giants WR Hakeem Nicks have been teased this season with short bursts of brilliance followed immediately by injury-plagued mediocrity. His Week 2 performance against the Bucs (10 receptions for 199 yards and a TD), stands out as a mirage of greatness floating in a desert of under-performing sadness.
Last week against the Steelers, Nicks had his worst game of the season, catching just one ball for ten yards while only being targeted four times.
This week, he may not even play…
This could be a boon for owners of Domenik Hixon and Ramses Barden (you shouldn't still have Barden unless you're in the world's deepest league), who should see increased playing time and production in Nicks' absence. When Nicks missed weeks four and five, Hixon had 11 catches for 169 yards and he's available in 82.5 percent of ESPN leagues and 79 percent of Yahoo leagues.
In conclusion, if you have Nicks, you should probably grab Hixon just in case.


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eyes down - shoulders business by dj lowcash
ayyo subnav followers! really appreciate the support with my micheal jackson mixtape so i thought i'd slide you lot the latest dubstep mix i did
01 dub pistols- im in love (foamo remix)
02 jacob plnet- bass comes in (jeuce remix)
03 la roux- in for the kill (small fry skree-rub)
04 sharam ft. kid cudi- she came along (doorly remix)
05 jamie woon- wayfaring stranger (burial remix)
06 joker- digidesign
07 bearman- drinking beer
08 suspect- v.i.p.
09 bearman- swingers
10 caspa & rusko- power shower
11 major lazer- keep it going louder (diplo remix)
12 blackheart- mission
13 blessed love- lkj vs. skream mashup
14 chew lips- salt air (plastician remix)
15 b.rich- make me dance (mr. rush remix)
16 celine dion- my heart will step on (skamz step on remix)
17 bob marley- exodus (havocndeed remix)
18 orbatrak- lock n load
19 tv off- music machine (alert remix)
20 skream- calous
21 freq nasty vs. bassnectar- viva tibet (east and west remix)
22 lebelgeelectrod- the anger of the bonobo violent
23 osky- duck n cover
24 kyza- go (bar9 remix)
25 sukh knight- diesel not petrol (procedure remix)
26 barletta- panther (zeds dead remix)
27 matty g- rock like this
28 elephant & drake- worst i ever had
more @ www.lowtunes.blogspot.com
artwork by dj lowcash
2 comments August 20th, 2009
Entry Filed under: all DJs, dj lowcash


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
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Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
Sort by: Date | Rating | Most Helpful
"The flavor wasn't horrible but it tasted nothing like Mcdonalds. Also, the consistancy of it was way off. Not something I would make again."
"I made these for my fiance because he is addicted to Thin Mints. They tasted amazing!! I added about 1/2 teaspoon more peppermint extract and they turned out perfect! Awesome Recipe!!!!"


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''The Amazing Race'': A letter to Colin
Dear Colin,
It seems that by this point in the race, you would have learned that you shouldn't push your luck in foreign countries and act like you OWN the place. That's right: This is a big fat shout-out to your stupidity, ignorance, and arrogance. And let's not forget what a gentleman you are toward Christie.
You see, Colin, accidents happen. Look at the Bowling Moms, Linda and Karen -- their taxi ran out of oil on the way to the airport, but they didn't wig out. They politely asked their driver when help would arrive, and then -- imagine this! -- they cracked a couple jokes about the situation. But you, Colin, seemed close to kicking your cab driver's face in when the spare tire he'd been driving on blew out. Sure, you had some reason to be upset -- no one should drive 100 miles on a doughnut -- but there was no need for you to scream at the cabbie like you did (''I can't believe this s---! Oh my God!'').
But even before the tire blew, you were berating the driver, weren't you? ''I'm not paying you if they pass us!'' you threatened. ''You drive slower than my grandma. DAMMIT!'' you screamed. For a minute there, Colin, I was worried that your rage would get you into a fix. Oh, wait -- IT TOTALLY DID.
After arriving at the Kilimanjaro airport, what did you do? You told the driver you would only give him $50 because he drove on a spare. Of course the driver wanted $100 -- that's what the agreement was for. But as you've shown us before on ''The Amazing Race,'' you're not really to be trusted. So it wasn't surprising that you kept telling the driver ''$50 or nothing'' while your long-suffering girlfriend, Christie, urged you to just pay him the $100. (Psst... Christie, if you're reading this: Girlfriend, please set your man straight and don't let him play you!) Christie was right that you should pay: The fare was fair. (A cab ride from JFK airport to the EW.com offices in NYC is $45, and it's not even 20 miles. Now THAT'S a rip-off.)
But you didn't listen to reason, so off went the driver to get the cops, and off you and Christie went to the police station. And there, Colin, is where you really made an ass of yourself. I'm sure you thought you were being clever by saying ''$50 only... Hakuna matata.'' But it was just insulting -- why would you ever address grown men with nonsense dialogue from ''The Lion King''? Because you think it sounds vaguely Swahili? And then, when the cops didn't back down, you placed all the blame on your girlfriend, telling her, ''This would be so much easier if you weren't making this so difficult.'' You're lucky Christie seems willing to stay with you (though, I must say, she did seem to detest the forced kiss in the elevator once you'd finally paid up and made it to Dubai).
To be fair, you weren't the only one I could accuse of bad behavior on this leg of the race. The God Squad, Brandon and Nicole, apparently think cheating people out of money is justified somewhere in the Bible: Instead of giving their cab driver the $100US they agreed to pay him, they tried to hand him just $70US, plus their remaining Kenyan cash. And I've gotta give it up to you, Colin: You and Christie still managed, somehow, to make it to the pit stop in first place, while the other teams made lots of mistakes (Chip and Kim ran out of money; the Bowling Moms, though cute as ever, had a couple off-roading mishaps; and the Blunder Twins, Kami and Karli, screwed up getting to the skydiving detour, arriving last in this non-elimination round).
But it's hard to be even slightly impressed by your skill in the game when, judging from the preview of next week's episode, you have yet another freak-out. I can't wait to see you REALLY explode, Colin! Maybe then your rage finally will land you in last place -- on an elimination round.
Marc Vera
What did you think of the episode? Who are you rooting for at this point?


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No Valentine's Day is complete without a ridiculous amount of chocolate and a trip to the movie theater to see the latest over-the-top cheesy romance. And the way I see it, you have three options in the movie department this year. In terms of chocolate, your options are limitless. Go crazy!
The first romantic comedy on the docket is About Last Night, starring Michael Ealy, Joy Bryant, Kevin Hart, and Regina Hall. Of all your options, this seems to be the least cheesy of the bunch while still having many of the necessary ingredients for a good Valentine's Day film. For starters, it gets point for Ealy's attractiveness. Hey, this is Valentine's Day. Being shallow is allowed!
Then, we've got Hart to add the humor, and did I mention there's a scene in the rain? That gives it bonus points. All in all, this is your most down-to-earth option. About Last Night, a remake of the 1986 film starring Rob Lowe, Demi Moore, and Jim Belushi, follows two best friends as they navigate the dating world, one woman at a time — until one of them falls in love. From there, it's all "Who will say 'I love you' first?" and "What does this mean?"
In general, About Last Night seems like a solid pick for a chick flick to see on Valentine's Day, or any day, for that matter. READ FULL STORY


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The Thin Red Line: Social Power & the Open Body (Released March 2000)
Lienert, Tania
Feminism & Psychology, 1998, 8, 2, May, 245-250.
Contends that feminists, who denounce the pressures put on women to diet excessively & undergo cosmetic surgery to enhance their beauty, should also condemn the pressures that lead transsexual males to "change sex." The connections between women's self-starvation/cosmetic surgery & male transsexual surgery are discussed, suggesting that both reinforce gender stereotypes by mutilating the body to conform to ideals of "femininity." The failure of feminists to criticize transsexual surgery is often based on the notion that to do so oppresses transsexuals themselves. This assumption ignores the reality that pressures on transsexuals to achieve perfect bodies are the same as those applied to women. It is argued that feminists must reject all bodily alterations as violent & unethical, & focus instead on striving to change stereotypical media images of feminine women & masculine men, coupled with education & counseling to help persons accept themselves as they are. Limiting criticism of bodily alteration to women exhibits a double standard. 16 References. J. Lindroth.
Gagne, Patricia; Tewksbury, Richard
Social Problems, 1998, 45, 1, Feb, 81-101.
The power of gender as a social institution was examined through in-depth semistructured interviews with 65 masculine-to-feminine transgendered individuals. Analysis reveals that transgendered individual's sense of self was constrained by the dominant discourse of binary gender identity. The pervasiveness of that discourse resulted in gender conformity & resistance manifested, on the one hand, in social pressures to be like acceptable others & desires for relationship maintenance & self-preservation, &, on the other, in the need to actualize an identity more in line with the alternatively gendered authentic self. Initially, the femininity of transgendered individuals was enacted only in secrecy. Enactment of femininity over ever-widening social spaces fostered the emergence of an alternative sense of gender identity. Transgenderism is discussed as a discursive act that both challenges & reifies the binary gender system. 24 References. Adapted from the source document.
Rust, Paula C
Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP), 1998
An international survey of the development of bisexual identities, communities, & politics asked 900 bisexual respondents about their current sexual identities, their history of sexual self-identification, & the meanings of their identities. Explored is the extent to which bisexual & transgendered individuals develop identities that challenge rather than reinforce traditional gender. Focus is on the problems of language & self-identification among 19 bisexual & transgendered individuals.
Kulick, Don
American Anthropologist, 1997, 99, 3, Sept, 574-585.
An analysis of the gendered practices of transgendered prostitutes in Brazil, based on interview excerpts, demonstrates how gender in Latin America is interconnected with sexuality. Rather than a static characteristic, gender is seen as a social & symbolic arena of contestation over identity, behaviors, rights & obligations, & sexualities. It is suggested that the particular configurations of sex, gender, & sexuality in Brazil & other Latin American societies differ from the dominant configurations in northern Europe & North America & generate different arrangements of gender, consisting not of men & women, but of men & "not-men." In this system, gender is influenced by sexual behaviors more than by biological sex, & not-men specifies a gender including both biological women & men who receive anal penetration. Implications of this conceptual system are presented. 43 References. Adapted from the source document.
Gagne, Patricia; Tewksbury, Richard; McGaughey, Deanna
Gender & Society, 1997, 11, 4, Aug, 478-508.
Drawing on interview data from 65 masculine-to-feminine transgenderists, obtained 1994/95 from volunteers throughout the US, the coming-out experiences of transgendered individuals are examined. The literature shows gender to be an inherent component of the social infrastructure that, at an individual level, is accomplished in interaction with others, but interactional challenges to gender are insufficient to challenge the system of gender. Whereas many transgenderists believe that their actions & identities are radical challenges to the binary system of gender, in fact, the majority of such individuals reinforce & reify the system they hope to change. 62 References. Adapted from the source document.
Hooley, Jillian
Social Alternatives, 1997, 16, 1, Jan, 31-34.
Prior published & unpublished research is reviewed to explore portrayals of gender & alternative gendered identities among transgender activists in Sydney, Australia. It is argued that the formation of a counterdiscourse in response to the dominant medical representation of gender is empowering in that it provides an alternative to medical procedures (specifically, genital realignment surgery) as the only means of crossing gender boundaries. The history of transsexual medicine is briefly described, & the social movements & processes that led to the creation of a new gender discourse among Sydney transgender activists are examined. This discourse rejects use of the terms transsexual & transvestite as connoting abnormality & defines identity as an ongoing process of self-constitution, rather than as a fixed characteristic amenable to a final (ie, medical) resolution. Recent policy concerning transgendered individuals is discussed. 1 Illustration, 12 References. J. Ferrari.
Besnier, Niko
Ethnos, 1997, 62, 1-2, 5-31.
The ethnographic diversity of transgendered men (leiti) in urban Tonga is explored, drawing on data collected during fieldwork in 1977-1979 & 1994/95. The complex interweaving of symbolic & material forces in determining their identities & the power of stereotyping in their lives are discussed. Two case studies delineate two extremes of transgendered men: one emerges as a "superwoman," performing work stereotypically associated with women, & one emerges as a "slut," engaging in sexual activity with multiple male partners. Judith Butler's critique (eg, 1993) of feminist views of gender identity is considered, focusing on its potential contribution to anthropology. 90 References. Adapted from the source document.
Ekins, Richard [Ed]; King, Dave [Ed]
xix+257pp, London: Routledge, 1996
An edited Vol investigates aspects of gender blending or transgenderism, a set of practices that include transvestism, transsexualism, drag queens, & cross-dressers. Experiences of those who participate in these practices are presented to ascertain how they situate themselves socially in both insider & mainstream communities. Focus is on the dominant medical theoretical framework employed to organize knowledge in this field & how the media have historically represented transgenderism. Debates over the political potential of transgenderism ignited by Janice Raymond's The Transsexual Empire: The Making of a She-Male (1980) are also discussed. While some contributors defend transgenderism as an important contribution to contemporary cultural & queer theory, others suggest that it represents little more than an appeal to androgynous humanism rather than a coherent political practice. The Vol contains a Foreword by Ken Plummer, an Introduction, & 15 Chpts (14 of which are abstracted) with notes in V PARTS. 11 Plates, 2 Appendixes. D. M. Smith.
Sheldon, Sally; Wilkinson, Stephen
Bioethics, 1998, 12, 4, Oct, 263-285.
Examines arguments in support of a UK ban on female genital mutilation & assesses whether they are sufficient to justify banning female genital mutilation for competent, consenting women. Female genital mutilation is compared to cosmetic surgery, exploring (1) whether the argument succeeds in justifying the ban on the former &, if so, (2) whether a parallel argument would not also support a ban on the latter. It is argued that female genital mutilation should be unlawful because (A) no women could validly consent to it, (B) it is an oppressive & sexist practice, (C) it involves the intentional infliction of injury, & (D) it causes offense. Arguments (C) & (D) are deemed unsound, &, although arguments (A) & (B) may be sound, they support not only a ban on female genital mutilation, but also one on (some types of) cosmetic surgery. Legally, either the ban on female genital mutilation is unjustified because arguments (A) & (B) are not in fact successful, or the law's permissive attitude toward cosmetic surgery is unjustified because arguments (A) & (B) are in fact successful & apply equally to both forms of body modification. Adapted from the source document.
Sassatelli, Roberta
Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, 1998, 39, 3, Sept, 413-425.
This review of the 1997 Italian translation of a book by Susan Bordo, Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture and the Body (1993) considers her fused-critical-constructivist conciliation of traditional foci of feminist thought with issues from poststructuralism. The influence of the consumerist culture & the technological transformation emerging in controlling the female body are examined in depth. The mind/body dualism in contemporary society is seen not only as a philosophical question, but a pervasive & practical metaphysical challenge to medicine, jurisprudence, psychology, popular culture, & advertising. Among phenomena analyzed are eating disorders, exercise, & cosmetic surgery. 52 References. J. Sadler.
Hahn, Kornelia
Soziologische Revue, 1998, 21, 1, Jan, 72-80.
A review essay on seven German books discussing the human body & its significance from a sociological perspective. Several interpret efforts to alter or beautify the body (eg, through tattooing, plastic surgery, or fashion), while others concentrate on the possibility of liberation from the borders & materiality of the body offered by cyberspace or interpret physical attractiveness as a form of social power. Most of the texts see the body as a location or means of self-production or a site of sociostructural (eg, gender, economic) inequality. Collectively, they view the body as both banal & aesthetic. E. Blackwell.
Brush, Pippa
Feminist Review, 1998, 58, spring, 22-43.
The metaphor of inscription on the body & the constitution of the body through those inscriptions have been widely used in recent attempts to theorize the body. Michel Foucault (1984) calls the body the "inscribed surface of events," while Elizabeth Grosz (1987) argues that the body, either female or male, can no longer be regarded as a fixed, concrete substance, a precultural given, but has a determinate form only through being socially inscribed. Hence, the body becomes plastic, inscribed with gender & cultural standards. While Foucault assumes the existence of a preinscriptive body, many theorists reject that idea & argue (eg, Butler, Judith, 1990) that there is no recourse to a body that has not always already been interpreted by cultural meanings. The constitution of the body rests in its inscription; the body becomes the text written on it & from which it is indistinguishable. Discussed here is the metaphor of inscription, using cosmetic surgery as a literal example. While some theorists reject the preinscriptive body, popular discourses advocating changing one's body assume unproblematically the existence of a body prior to these "elective" procedures & reinforce the theoretically beseiged mind/body dualism. Described is how popular discourses of body modification enforce a disciplinary regime (in Foucault's sense) & impose degrees of both literal & figurative inscription. Juxtaposing these two perspectives, explored is how both discourses efface the materiality of the body & the social contexts in which bodies are experienced & constructed. While the rhetoric surrounding cosmetic surgery denies the physical process & the economic constraints, so too do theories of the body that stress its plasticity deny the materiality of that process & the cultural & social contexts in which the body is placed. 21 References. Adapted from the source document.
Franckenstein, Frauke
European Journal of Women's Studies, 1997, 4, 1, Feb, 7-22.
Examines the media representation of pop singer Cher, a woman who underwent many cosmetic surgeries, drawing on a content analysis of 1987-1995 German-language newspaper & magazine articles, interviews with women & cosmetic surgeons (N unspecified), & observations of cosmetic surgery consultations. Theoretical ramifications of the politics of the body are briefly explored, as is the stigma surrounding cosmetic surgery in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is argued that the case of Cher illustrates how cosmetic surgery & its stigma objectify women & credits male surgeons as the creators of female bodies & beauty. Further, this case shows how cosmetic surgery allows women entry into the public sphere so long as men define, create, & control their bodies. 9 References. Adapted from the source document.
Davis, Kathy
European Journal of Women's Studies, 1997, 4, 1, Feb, 23-37.
Examines the French performance artist Orlan's challenge to prevailing concepts of beauty & femininity via cosmetic surgery to make her body into a work of art & a political statement. In-depth interviews (N unspecified) were conducted with women in the Netherlands who had had or were planning to have cosmetic surgery, & their experiences were compared with Orlan's utopian artistic statements. Orlan's art is rejected as a feminist critique in that it discounts the suffering, power dynamics, & risks of cosmetic surgery, & women's feelings of inadequacy about their appearance. 16 References. Adapted from the source document.
Kirkland, Anna; Tong, Rosemarie
The Journal of Clinical Ethics, 1996, 7, 2, summer, 151-159.
The distinction between feminist & nonfeminist perspectives of cosmetic surgery is discussed in reference to the proper conduct & behavior of a feminist plastic surgeon. After a brief review of the rapidly increasing demand for & practice of plastic surgery for nontherapeutic reasons, it is argued that feminists generally condemn such surgery on the grounds that it proliferates patriarchal demands on women. Feminists claim that plastic surgery symbolizes another means by which men assert control over women, & reinforces the idea that women must beautify themselves to succeed. Although the reality of socially constructed demands on female beauty does exist, it is argued that women may seek nonessential plastic surgery for personal & legitimate reasons that are not necessarily damaging to feminism. Under these circumstances, a deliberative model of plastic surgery counseling is proposed whereby patients & doctors enter into a constructive dialogue concerning the true reasons underlying the desire for plastic surgery, including social pressure & socially constructed demands. T. Sevier.
Balsamo, Anne
Chpt in CYBERSPACE, CYBERBODIES, CYBERPUNK: CULTURES OF TECHNOLOGICAL EMBODIMENT, Featherstone, Mike, & Burrows, Roger [Eds], London, England: Sage Publications Ltd, 1995, pp 215-237
Discusses modern technology-oriented depictions of the human body, & examines the impact of gender on these images of embodiment. It is argued that the boundaries between body & machine have been blurred as the result of certain developments, eg, the performance of organic functions by mechanical instruments & the material reconstruction of the physical body through the use of new technologies. Under these circumstances, the distinctions between organic & mechanical, & natural & cultural, are increasingly vague. However, gender boundaries have remained surprisingly fixed during this era of redefinition as a result of several social, cultural, & historical forces. Four forms of postmodern technological embodiment are cited: laboring bodies (mothers as wombs & workers as microelectronic entities); disappearing bodies (bioengineering & database conceptions of embodiment); repressed bodies (physical bodies losing significance to virtual reality & computer communications); & marked bodies (altered by cosmetic surgery & technological infringement). In terms of gender, the female body is predominantly portrayed as a material entity with the function of reproduction, while technobodies are frequently associated with maleness. 2 Figures, 30 References. T. Sevier.
Fouts, Gregory; Burggraf, Kimberley
Sex Roles, 1999, 40, 5-6, Mar, 473-481.
A content analysis of 28 different prime-time TV situation comedies, aired in Calgary, Alberta, in Oct 1996, examined the body weights of 52 central female characters; the verbal comments they received from other characters as a function of body weight, & their self-comments with respect to their own body weight, shape, & dieting behaviors. Compared with the general population, below-average-weight central female characters were overrepresented. These characters received significantly more positive verbal comments from male characters with regard to body weight & shape than their heavier counterparts. Dieting female characters gave themselves significantly more verbal punishment for their body weight & shape than those less involved in dieting. This combination of modeling the thin ideal & the verbal reinforcement associated with this modeling likely contributes to the internalization of the thin ideal & may put some young female viewers at risk for developing eating disorders. 32 References. Adapted from the source document.
Mukai, Takayo; Kambara, Akiko; Sasaki, Yuji
Sex Roles, 1998, 39, 9-10, Nov, 751-763.
Analyzes questionnaire data obtained from 171 Japanese & 144 US college women (90% European American, 4% African American, 4% Asian or Asian American, & 2% other), who completed the Eating Attitudes Test-26, the Body Dissatisfaction Subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory, & the Revised Martin-Larsen Approval Motivation Scale. Japanese women expressed the greater dissatisfaction with their body but no more eating disturbances than US women. The need for social approval predicted the Japanese women's eating disturbances after controlling for the effects of body fatness (Body Mass Index [BMI]) & body dissatisfaction. BMI was a significant predictor of eating disturbances for US women but not for Japanese women. The results were discussed in terms of their implications for cross-cultural similarities & differences in correlates of disordered eating. 3 Tables, 1 Figure, 38 References. Adapted from the source document.
Ofosu, Helen B; Lafreniere, Kathryn D; Senn, Charlene Y
Feminism & Psychology, 1998, 8, 3, Aug, 303-323.
Integrates research from across the social sciences to understand black women's body image perceptions, examining the effects of race, ethnicity, class, & culture. Cultural differences between African Canadians/Americans & blacks living in Africa & the Caribbean are outlined, & their effects on black women's experiences of weight & eating discussed. Some of the historical underpinnings & aspects of the current social context in which black women live are explored in to explain body image perceptions. 62 References. Adapted from the source document.
Balaam, Belinda J; Haslam, S Alexander
Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 1998, 8, 3, May-June, 195-212.
The relationship between social influence & the development of attitudes toward eating was explored in an experiment in which 59 Australian female secondary students listened to an interviewee (identified as a radical feminist, a sportswoman, or a women's magazine journalist) give either a pro- or an antidiet message. Subjects (Ss) then completed a questionnaire examining their attitudes toward eating & their judgments of the interviewee. Results supported predictions that influence would vary as an interactive function of the message & the normative ingroup vs outgroup status of the message source. However, different patterns of influence were observed on two factors that emerged from analysis of the eating disorder items, suggesting that there were important differences in the shaping of Ss' beliefs about appropriate eating behavior for (1) themselves personally & (2) the community in general. Thus, social influence has a significant but complex impact on the development of potentially harmful attitudes toward eating. Also, certain antidiet messages may actually be a counterproductive means to improve female body satisfaction. 3 Tables, 3 Figures, 41 References. Adapted from the source document.
Berel, Susan; Irving, Lori M
The Journal of Primary Prevention, 1998, 18, 4, summer, 415-430.
Research has linked the thinning standard of beauty portrayed in the media to increased rates of weight preoccupation & eating disturbance in women. Here, evaluated is how media influence has been defined & measured in psychological research on women's patterns of viewing & ways of responding to media. Also discussed are the implications of this research for programs to prevent the development of eating problems by teaching girls & women to evaluate media more critically. The potential contributions of communications research & feminist therapy perspectives to the design of effective preventions are considered. 47 References. Adapted from the source document.
Liuccio, Michaela
Sociologia, 1998, 32, 2-3, 265-271.
Alimentary anomalies in contemporary society are addressed in a discussion of conditions of social & individual life in the postmodern era responsible for the breakdown in the traditional norms & customs of eating. Playing on the Greek etymology of gastronomy, the manifestation of "gastro-anomy" in such physiological disorders as obesity, anorexia/bulimia & social distortions of body image (the slimness model), absence of family-shared meals, & popularity of fast food restaurants is examined. It is noted that obesity & anorexia are signs of rejecting social norms & goals, whereas bulimia is a form of social adaptation. The first two manifest resistance to cultural norms while the latter is an attempt to conform to social standards & norms of attractiveness & desire management. Z. Dubiel.
Cusumano, Dale L; Thompson, J Kevin
Sex Roles, 1997, 37, 9-10, Nov, 701-721.
Examines the role of three aspects of sociocultural influence - media exposure, awareness of societal ideals, & internalization of sociocultural messages - in the prediction of body dissatisfaction, eating dysfunction, & self-esteem. Research into the media's influence on body image & eating disturbances is summarized, & results are presented of a study of 175 female college students, ages 18-49, in southern FL regarding the type of & amount of time spent reading magazines. Overall body shapes & breast sizes promoted in these magazines were identified. Correlational & regression of analyses of questionnaire & scale data showed that, while exposure did not relate to indices of body image, eating dysfunction, & self-esteem, awareness is a significant correlate of disturbance, with internalization of social norms accounting for significant & substantial variance, even after controlling for awareness. It is concluded that cognitive-behavioral & psychoeducational interventions for body image disturbance should be included in programs designed to modify eating & shape-related disorders. 8 Tables, 1 Appendix, 30 References. Adapted from the source document.
Williamson, Lisa
Social Work in Health Care, 1998, 28, 1, 61-73.
It has generally been construed in the literature that African American women are not afflicted by eating disorders because of the greater acceptance in their culture of fuller female figures. However, as Western culture & mainstream US society continue to judge women's worth by their approximation to the supermodel figure, black women & girls may also be subject to this judgment & its consequent effects on self-esteem in the form of "internalized racism." Here, previous research on the roles of class, upward mobility, assimilation, & poverty on eating disorders among African American women is explored, & practice implications are discussed. 23 References. Adapted from the source document.
Natsoulas, Theodore
Journal of Asian and African Studies, 1998, 33, 2, May, 137-158.
Contends that the ban on female circumcision & the rise of the Kikuyu independent schools in Kenya, 1929-1932, were interrelated & politicized. In their desire to eliminate female circumcision, several Protestant mission societies not only forbade their followers from its practice, but also forbade their membership in the Kikuyu Central Assoc (KCA), the major African political organization. This coupling & the subsequent rise of independent schools gave the KCA the opportunity to rally the Kikuyu to its support & gained unprecedented popularity. The KCA became the champion of cultural Kikuyu heritage. Colonial authorities were brought into the controversy by both the missions & the KCA; although they tried to take a moderate approach, their vacillation failed to depoliticize the situation Adapted from the source document.
Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa
The Sciences, 1998, 38, 2, Mar-Apr, 22-27.
Examines the nature of & problems associated with female genital mutilation in Africa, in particular in Islamic societies. Types of practices, their harmful health effects, & the social implications of banning them are discussed. It is shown how these practices are embedded in customs & cultural identity & often treated as a festive occasion, with severe social consequences for those that refuse the ritual. International efforts to end these practices are assessed, & the negative impact of Western ignorance on immigrants is described. It is concluded that female genital mutilation will only end when African women have achieved social equality, political power, economic opportunities, & access to education & health care. T. Arnold.
Levine, Alissa H
International Sociological Association (ISA), 1998
Early psychoanalytic theory has persisted in influencing contemporary perceptions & constructions of female sexual response. Confusion over the mechanics of sexual response is thus, in part, the legacy of foundational psychoanalytic theory, although many other societies untouched by Freudianism appear to maintain similar beliefs. Here, the most striking instance of community-wide gender construction, that of male, but especially female, circumcision, is explored. These ritual practices suggest that sexual identity is problematic, & some non-Western societies also believe that the mature female has no need for a clitoris. It is postulated that contemporary Western constructions of female sexuality are predicted on Freudian psychoanalytic theory, which explains the lack of awareness in much of the scientific & general populations regarding William H. Masters & Virginia E. Johnson's (1966) findings on female sexual response. The persistence among many individuals of a belief in a sexual response independent of the clitoris implies that the social construction of female sexuality is so powerful as to deny a basic physiological reality.
Harrison, Daniel M
American Sociological Association (ASA), 1998
Explores the relationship between circumcision & gender in the US & considers whether routinized male circumcision may be considered a moment in the production of masculinities. The preponderance of circumcision in the US is explicated & the medical evidence assessed. A critical review of existing gender theory on the topic is presented. It is hypothesized that circumcision contributes to inegalitarian gender relations & may also problematically "sex" the body. "Aesthetics" & the prepuce are briefly discussed. Briefly addressed in conclusion is the dilemma surrounding circumcision & it is suggested that the decision should be left up to the subject of the operation.
Hetherington, Penelope
The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 1998, 26, 1, Jan, 93-126.
Historical documents pertaining to the 1929/30 political crisis over the regulation of female circumcision in Kenya reveal the role played by state- & district-level commissioners & suggest that underlying the crisis was a struggle between local & colonial elite men over the control of female sexuality & Kikuyu culture itself. Phases of administrative intervention, including the major individuals & policy statements involved in each, are described. Most efforts to regulate circumcision rituals (for both males & females) were made out of labor-related concerns & sought only to prevent circumcision practices from troubling colonial employers. From 1925 to 1929, interventions targeting female circumcision - measures that most commissioners opposed as disruptive - represented the colonial governor's policy of confronting & undermining Kikuyu cultural authority. Women, who controlled female circumcision, were consulted by neither British nor Kikuyu men, & the practice remained basically unchanged despite the proposal of severe punishments for women practitioners of circumcision. E. Blackwell.
Heald, Suzette
xiv+296pp, Oxford, England: James Currey, 1998
Examines the sources, nature, & impact of violence among the Gisu men of southeastern Uganda, highlighting local effects of the collapse of state authority & the interplay of aggressive individualism with the limitations of social living. Historical origins of the Gisu's reputation for violence include land shortage, marginalization of the Gisu under British rule, & their construction of male gender identity. Drawing on 1960s statistics, patterns of violence are detailed, & the importance of a concept of order & aggressive individualism based on each man's control & defense of his household & land is discussed. Violence is endemic in Gisu life, expressed in central activities such as young adult male circumcision & the beer party. Specific murders, kinship & ancestral bonds, & 1960s court system changes affecting the settling of rural land disputes are analyzed. Efforts to reestablish order through violence, as in the Gisu vigilante movement, are compared to other nongovernmental structures such as the Sicilian Mafia. It is concluded that violence is one way that Gisu men are trying to preserve a cherished ideal of manhood in the face of increasing economic constraints. The text contains an Introduction, 11 Chpts in IV PARTS, & Notes. 23 Tables, 10 Figures. T. Arnold.
Cohen, Shaye J D
Gender & History, 1997, 9, 3, Nov, 560-578.
Explores how ancient Jews explained the noncircumcision of women, drawing on early documentation of female & male genital alteration. According to some sources (eg, Strabo), Jews did, at one time, alter female genitals; however, Philo raises & answers the question of why females are not altered, contrasting them with Egypt's circumcised women & implying that it was never done. Arguing against the practice, early Christians (eg, Paul) reasoned that it was wrong to circumcise any human being since Christ admits of no distinctions between Jew & Greek; but not until Justin's era was the argument used that, if women need not be circumcised to be righteous, then neither do men. These questions became hotly debated by the rabbis of the Talmud; conflicting views are quoted & interpreted. It is speculated in conclusion that the prevalent view was that women were inferior Others &, so, their Jewishness was inferior. Adapted from the source document.
Althaus, Frances A
International Family Planning Perspectives, 1997, 23, 3, Sept, 130-133.
The practice of female circumcision in African countries is examined, placing it in a sociohistorical context & outlining efforts at its elimination. Although seen as an integral rite of passage for young girls in African societies, it is argued that female circumcision is a human rights violation. It is often performed without anesthesia by lay practitioners with no medical training & can cause permanent health problems or death. Efforts to end this practice have met with little success, & it is concluded that change is likely to occur only with improvements in the status of women in society. 27 References. L. Kunard.
Chessler, Abbie J
Buffalo Law Review, 1997, 45, 2, spring-summer, 555-613.
Compares female & male circumcision, drawing on a review of the history of these procedures & various cultural & religious justifications for the acts; legal remedies to eradicate female circumcision, are considered & these arguments are applied to the male case. Although female circumcision is roundly denounced in Western cultures, male circumcision is accepted as a routine practice. Explanations for this acceptance are found to range from tribal symbolism to matters of hygiene, just as in the female case. It is suggested that the best legal remedy for male circumcision may be a combined application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, customary international law, & existing domestic law. D. M. Smith.
Schneider, Friederike
curare, 1997, 11, special, 355-365.
Examines justifications & motivations of advocates of female genital mutilation in the context of the importance of traditions for cultural identity & the perpetuation of power structures. An overview of various forms of mutilation & their connection to the tradition of body alteration is given. Economic, social, cultural, & religious traditions underlying these practices are analyzed, highlighting gender roles & power relations. The reaction of the Western world to such mutilation, especially as portrayed by the mass media, is discussed. Efforts against genital mutilation in various countries, particularly among middle-class, educated citizens, are assessed. It is concluded that effective strategies for societal change must be pursued at the national & international levels, with the financial, administrative, & moral support of the industrialized nations. 26 References. Adapted from the source document.
Immerman, Ronald S; Mackey, Wade C
Social Biology, 1997, 44, 3-4, fall-winter, 265-275.
Draws on neurological, anatomical, & other empirical data related to the circumcision of boys to argue that the practice serves practical social as well as religious/symbolic functions. It is asserted that circumcised adolescents may experience lower sexual arousal, be less distractible, be more group goal oriented, & be more submissive to authority due to circumcision-related brain atrophy/reorganization & reduced penile sensitivity. Also, circumcision reduces smegma, which may function as a female-attracting & competition-inducing pheromone, thereby further contributing to smooth community functioning. It is concluded that the symbolic, folkloric justification of circumcision in certain cultures is probably a rationale for the social purpose behind the intervention. 70 References. E. Blackwell.
Mackie, Gerry
American Sociological Review, 1996, 61, 6, Dec, 999-1017.
The social processes that create, sustain, & potentially end practices such as female footbinding in China & female genital mutilation (FGM) in Africa are examined, with particular focus on the self-enforcing convention theory developed by Thomas Schelling (1960). Under conditions of extreme resource inequality, polygny emerges as females can successfully raise children as the second wife of a successful man more easily than as the first wife of a low-ranking man. However, high-ranking men have the power to enforce extreme measures of fidelity control, eg, footbinding or FGM, which are mimicked by lower-ranking individuals in successive generations. Under these circumstances, eventually all women must submit to fidelity control practices in order to achieve marriage. However, these self-enforcing conventions cited by Schelling can be transformed. The convention hypothesis predicts that FGM can be terminated through mechanisms similar to those used to end footbinding: explanation of the physiological dangers of the practice, international condemnation of the practice, & (most importantly) associations of parents who refuse to subject their daughters to the practice or marry their sons to victims of the practice. 2 Figures, 64 References. Adapted from the source document.
Monaghan, Lee
Body & Society, 1999, 5, 2-3, June-Sept, 267-290.
Draws on 1994-1996 semistructured interviews & participant observation to explore bodybuilding from a sociological perspective, arguing that theories ascribing bodybuilding to antecedent predispositions are not sufficient when accounting for the ongoing variable project of creating "the perfect body." It is asserted that late-1990s physique bodybuilding (vs weight training) could be independent of the masculinist imagery of the muscular body alongside feelings of gender & personal insecurity, but is increasingly dependent on an acquired "ethnophysiological" appreciation of "excessive" muscularity. This phenomenological argument, which asserts the agency of bodies in social processes, focuses on male participants' spatially & temporally contingent heterogeneous body projects. 1 Table, 80 References. Adapted from the source document.
Body & Society, 1999, 5, 2-3, June-Sept, 227-248.
Addresses keep-fit culture not as a collection of commercial images or as the product of broader cultural values, but as a set of situated body practices, ie, practices taking place in specific institutions where these images & values are reinterpreted in locally prescribed ways &, to some extent, filtered. Relying on 1994/95 participant observation & client & staff interviews at two gyms in Florence, Italy, & related periodicals & manuals, fitness gyms are revealed to be experienced as places with their own rules, pleasures, & identity games. The ideal of the fit body is shown to be filtered from its wider, typically gender- & class-specific charges, transformed into a pure instrument of training, a machine that does not bear resemblance to the organic body of the changing rooms, an objectified utility beyond any social role specification. Social roles & their body requirements are both important for individual clients' structural chances to join the gym & locally neutralized or reduced to tension-release mechanisms. Similarly, the cultural ideals of a fit & toned body contribute to the legitimation of the gym; yet the actual capacity to train is less the result of the direct grip of culture, than the outcome of clients' adjustment to playing a particular game of involvement with & detachment from the mechanistic & abstract exercise body. Body definitions are not simply imposed on clients, but continuously negotiated & transformed. 66 References. Adapted from the source document.
Wesely, Jennifer Kara
American Sociological Association (ASA), 1999
The built body is perceived as "natural" or "unnatural" in relation to its conformity to social constructions of gender identity. As a body technology, bodybuilding is the act of creating a body always part artificial. Even so, it is used to naturalize & legitimize patriarchal male power through associations of muscles & masculinity. Female bodybuilding is seen as unnatural in that it threatens gendered power relations coded through the body. The social determination of the "natural" body can maintain the oppression of women; the female built body has the potential to destabilize, resist, or even transgress gender norms & corresponding contructions of power.
Eskes, Tina B; Duncan, Margaret Carlisle; Miller, Eleanor M
Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 1998, 22, 3, Aug, 317-344.
Through the methodology of textual analysis, how women's fitness magazine texts equate physical health with beauty is discussed. Michel Foucault's (1979) ideas on power & discipline & Herbert Marcuse's ideas on co-optation are employed to inform the research. How these texts use empowerment or feminist ideology to convey to readers that exercise & fitness pursuits, when used to achieve physical change that improve a reader's physical attractiveness, are ways to empower themselves in all aspects of life. By co-opting feminist ideals, fitness texts encourage readers to concentrate on their physical selves, specifically physical beauty, not health, at the expense of achieving true physical health & gains in the social arena. 35 References. Adapted from the source document.
Koert, Willem
Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift, 1998, 25, 2, July, 276-294.
The relationships between the body image idealized in the world of bodybuilding & the use of doping (primarily anabolic steroids) are examined. It is argued that the almost mythical status of a small group of bodybuilders (eg, Arnold Schwarzenegger) & the success of a few cult figures in the entertainment industry (eg, Conan the Barbarian) not only encourage, but actually mandate, use of doping among average bodybuilders, whose muscle mass fails to measure up to these standards in spite of rigorous training. Since traditional training programs consist primarily of appeals to train incessantly, & since most bodybuilders reach a physical threshold long before their ideal of perfection is reached, many see no other option than using chemical enhancements to counteract the muscle damage that results from their training schedules. It is proposed that bodybuilders be extensively informed about alternative, less strenuous but possibly equally successful training programs based on alternate action & rest periods, such as those promoted by Mike Mentzer in the US & Hans Kroon in the Netherlands. 14 References. Adapted from the source document.
Maguire, Joseph; Mansfield, Louise
Sociology of Sport Journal, 1998, 15, 2, June, 109-137.
Examines the behavioral & emotional rituals of women at an aerobics class in the English East Midlands, drawing on participant observation of 35-40 women & 16 interviews, mapped out & located in the "exercise-body beautiful complex" - a gendered network of discipline & power. How social constraints & individual self-control interweave in the rationalized management of women's bodies is explored. The embodied experiences of these women are intertwined with long-term enabling & constraining features. Covertly disempowering, the exercise-body beautiful complex reinforces established standards of femininity. The realignment of dominant images of femininity is advocated to extend the liberating features of the figuration in question. 1 Figure, 52 References. Adapted from the source document.
Lowe, Maria R
x+206pp, New York: New York U Press, 1998
Investigates the culture of women's bodybuilding, drawing on participant observation & 37 interviews with bodybuilders, female & male judges, & officials & journalists, conducted 1991-1993. Organized women's bodybuilding competitions began in the 1970s, & today are controlled by two primary organizations, the International Federation of Bodybuilding & the National Physique Committee. These organizations, along with sponsors who abide by their judgments, exercise a tremendous power in enforcing standards for female bodybuilders. These standards are oriented around issues of femininity, muscularity, & steroid use. The fact that no consensus exists as to the proper relationship between these elements indicates the fundamental ideological conflict about gender norms that lies at the heart of female bodybuilding. Judges & bodybuilders hold contradictory views on the role of muscularity & femininity in the ideal female body shape. The necessity of displaying feminine attributes is reinforced by sponsors, who refuse to offer contracts to overly muscular bodybuilders. It is concluded that, although female bodybuilders have enormous control over their bodies, they lack institutional or political control over the sport. Thus, it is likely that feminine norms will continue to conflict with the imperative of muscularity. An Introduction accompanies 6 Chpts with Notes. 19 Photographs, 4 Appendixes, 111 References. D. M. Smith.
Heywood, Leslie
viii+225pp, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers U Press, 1998
Explores the world of female bodybuilding as a metaphor for the place of women in the current political & cultural climate. Drawing on a variety of sources, including popular media & personal involvement with the female bodybuilding movement, it is suggested that female bodybuilding is caught in competing cultural currents: the desire to be monstrous, extraordinary individuals of massive size & the requirements of femininity to fit the demure qualities assigned to the female sex. It is in these contradictions that the notion of the perfect female body is worked out in female bodybuilding circles. Female bodybuilding reached its zenith in the late 1980s & early 1990s, when the challenge to conventional female body images was its greatest. However, by the mid-1990s, a backlash against feminism generally caused a reconsideration of what constituted beauty in the female body. At this time, preference was given to female bodies that were less monstrous & more in line with conventional images of femininity. Moreover, female bodybuilders were increasingly represented less as athletes & competitors than as primarily sexual. Eventually, these forces led to a shift away from weightlifting & toward a more general notion of fitness. Constructions of this shift in photography of female bodybuilders, popular culture, & representations of race are examined. The decline in female bodybuilding & the turn to fitness competitions has occurred at the same time that discussions of violence against women are labeled victim feminism; both reveal a pervasive cultural antagonism to positive images of women. The text contains 6 Chpts with Notes. 14 Photographs. D. Ryfe.
Markula, Pirkko
Sociology of Sport Journal, 1995, 12, 4, Dec, 424-453.
Attempts to reconstruct the cultural dialogue surrounding the female body image in aerobics, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, interviews with aerobicizers, & media analysis. Results indicate that the media ideal is a contradiction: firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong but thin. Likewise, women's relationships with the media image are contradictory - they struggle to obtain the ideal body, but they also find their battles ridiculous. Interpretation of the findings from a Foucauldian perspective shows how the discourse surrounding the female body image is part of a complex use of power over women in postmodern consumer society. In addition, a feminist perspective is used that assigns an active role to the individual aerobicizers to question the power arrangement. 76 References. Adapted from the source document.
Klesse, Christian
Body & Society, 1999, 5, 2-3, June-Sept, 15-38.
Explores the philosophy of "Modern Primitives," who seek inspiration in the body modification techniques & bodily rituals of so-called "primitive societies." Establishing their prioritization of body, sexuality, community, & spirituality as analytical links, these self-perceived radical opponents of Western modernity are shown to nonetheless remain captured in its foundational discursive assumptions. It is argued that the movement's enthusiastic turn toward "primitivism" represents a particular identity strategy in the late modern condition. Drawing on colonial discourse analysis, it is contended that the primitivist discourse originated as an ideology in colonialism & has informed the construction of the Western self-image. Modern Primitives' notion of "primitivism" is seen as a postcolonial legacy of this tradition of Othering, which inevitably reproduces stereotypes of racialized people. 6 Figures, 53 References. Adapted from the source document.
Pitts, Victoria
Body & Society, 1999, 5, 2-3, June-Sept, 291-303.
Examines the media's framing of nonmainstream body modification as a social problem, demonstrating, through an analysis of 35 newspaper articles on body modification, that a mutilation discourse is one of the dominant frames of meaning used to make sense of body modifiers. This framing, which effects the pathologization of body modifiers, utilizes the claims making of mental health experts & relies on a gendered account of body modification as a social problem. While news accounts are a medium for presenting body modification to a large "community of speakers," it is suggested that they have precluded the legitimacy of the claims of subcultural actors. A poststructuralist perspective is taken to argue that body modifier "claims from the underside" are subjugated by accounts that problematize body modification through the dominant discourse of the mental health model. This frame is problematic for its silencing of underside or marginal embodied knowledges, eg, alternative accounts of female embodiment. 37 References. Adapted from the source document.
Shildrick, Margrit
Body & Society, 1999, 5, 2-3, June-Sept, 77-92.
Explores body modification as normalizing the always already unstable corpus. The dominant post-Enlightenment discourse relies on the notion of the centrality of the individual subject in the singular & separate body, where distinctions between self & Other are secure. Against this, the incidence of monstrosity in general, with its disordered crossing of the boundaries of the proper, offers a gross insult. Focus is on cases of conjoined twinning to demonstrate that the body can only be regarded as one by a process of material & discursive modification, which, nonetheless, finally fails to efface the trace of the monstrous Other that frustrates the closure of the selfsame. 2 Figures, 22 References. Adapted from the source document.
Sweetman, Paul
Body & Society, 1999, 5, 2-3, June-Sept, 51-76.
A considerable resurgence in the popularity of tattooing & piercing has been dismissed by some as a fashionable trend, while others have argued that the relative permanence of such forms of body modification militates against their full absorption into the fashion system. Here, interview data from 35 body modifiers (tattooed or pierced) in the UK are drawn on to examine this debate, noting that certain body modifiers appear, in some respects, to regard their tattoos & piercings as decorative accessories. At the same time, however, such corporeal artifacts are approached & experienced as distinct from other, more free-floating products in the "supermarket of style." Whether or not their meaning is fixed in these terms, tattoos & piercings are employed by some as a form of antifashion & a way of fixing or anchoring the reflexively constructed self. In this sense, they share both affinities & differences with other forms of contemporary body project. 73 References. Adapted from the source document.
Pitts, Victoria L
Body & Society, 1998, 4, 3, Sept, 67-84.
Data collected 1996/97 during open-ended interviews with 15 females on the East & West coasts who considered themselves participants in a community, subculture, or movement of transgressive body modification are drawn on to explore women's use of their bodies as sites of protest. The use of scarification, multiple genital piercing, & other practices by women in the lesbian sadomasochistic movement has been considered self-mutilative (Jeffries, S., 1994). Offered here is a different, but not uncritical, approach that examines the "reclaiming" discourse surrounding these practices & considers how this discourse reflects the feminist poststructuralist project of identity subversion. 34 References. Adapted from the source document.
Rosenblatt, Daniel
Cultural Anthropology, 1997, 12, 3, Aug, 287-334.
Examines the cultural & historical context of US "modern primitives," & explores the cultural, political, & individual meanings of body modifications. The relationship between political activism & existing systems of meaning as well as construction & uses of Western ideas of the primitive are discussed. Interviews with members of alternative communities in San Francisco, CA, recount personal experiences of individuals that establish the reasons for, meaning, & goals of tattooing, scarification, & piercing. It is shown how these individuals blend Western views of the world (eg, cosmogonic mythology & classical economic structures) & peculiarly US views of the self, society, & experience. Reasons for the appeal of modern primitivism are assessed. Cultural systems provide a framework or set of possibilities for social activity rather than determining it. It is concluded that the activity of body modification is a reaction to life in industrialized society & offers a way to express the desire to affect change. 1 Figure, 72 References. T. Arnold.
Myers, James
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 1992, 21, 3, Oct, 267-306.
Participant observation & interview data collected over 2 years at 6 workshops organized for San Francisco's (Calif) sadomasochist community & at similar gatherings on the West Coast are used to examine the phenomenon of nonmainstream body modification, with an emphasis on genital piercing, branding, & cutting. Topics discussed include: the pleasures & problems of fieldwork with nonmainstream body modifiers, & factors motivating involvement in a behavior that is not only physically painful but is considered repugnant & even psychopathological by US society. 1 Appendix, 42 References. Adapted from the source document.
Greif, Judith; Hewitt, Walter; Armstrong, Myrna L
Clinical Nursing Research, 1999, 8, 4, Nov, 368-385.
Survey data are used to explore the demographic characteristics, motivational factors, & health concerns of 766 tattoed &/or body-pierced college students in 18 US & 1 Australian universities. Subjects obtained tattoos (73%) &/or body piercing (63%) during the traditional ages of college attendance, ie, 18-22 (69%). More frequent health problems & impulsive decision making were noted for those with body piercing when compared to those tattooed. Three cases of hepatitis were reported. Health professionals should openly discuss body art with students, convey a nonjudgmental attitude, & assist with informed decision making to either reduce risks or dissuaded. 1 Table, 1 Figure. Adapted from the source document.
McCarron, Kevin
Body & Society, 1999, 5, 2-3, June-Sept, 305-315.
Contends that a parallel exists between the practice of tattooing & the injection of heroin, as both activities are represented in a body of literature here called "Junk Narratives," eg, William Burroughs's Junky (1977 [1953]), Irvine Welsh's Trainspotting (1996), Jerry Stahl's Permanent Midnight (1995), & David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest (1996). In these books, act & meaning, as in life, are inseparable: tattoos can be interpreted, but that they are tattoos, that they have been indelibly inscribed into the flesh, is also stressed. In these books, tattoos are represented as, in addition to whatever specific interpretive significance can be attached to them, visible markers of the hatred junkies feel for their own bodies. It is suggested that the body in these texts is always a source of shame & horror. Tattoos in these books do not decorate a body, rather they visibly emphasize its pathetic corporeality: no flesh, no image. The central dynamic of these texts is toward the transcendence of the body by the injection of heroin, a use of the needle that mimics the practice of tattooing & stresses the subservient, inessential nature of the body. 16 References. Adapted from the source document.
Turner, Bryan S
Body & Society, 1999, 5, 2-3, June-Sept, 39-50.
It is argued that tattooing & body piercing in modern societies cannot be naively innocent acts; such activities cannot recapture primitiveness, because they take place in a social context where social membership is not expressed through hot loyalties & thick commitments. Body marks in primitive society were obligatory signatures of social membership in solidaristic groups, wherein life-cycle changes were necessarily marked by tattooing & scarification. Modern societies are metaphorically like airport departure lounges where passengers are encouraged to be cool & distant, orderly & regulated. Critiqued are recent attempts to discover & unearth Dionysian moments of creative tribalism in modern youth groups or working-class communities. Body marks are commercial objects in a leisure marketplace & have become optional aspects of a body aesthetic, which playfully & ironically indicate social membership. They cannot serve as charismatic entrance points to the primitive. 28 References. Adapted from the source document.
Brouwer, Dan
Text and Performance Quarterly, 1998, 18, 2, Apr, 114-136.
One of the ethical issues that emerges in discussions about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) & acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is disclosure of serostatus - who should know if an individual is HIV-antibody positive, when, & by what means? For seropositive individuals, day-to-day existence is characterized by strategies of concealment & revealment about their seropositivity. Here, as indicated in case examples, some seropositive individuals have chosen to disclose their serostatus rather indiscriminately by nonverbal, rather than verbal, means through the acquisition of an HIV/AIDS tattoo. These tattoos textualize the body by rendering the surface of the skin communicative about the interior (seropositive) status of the blood, tissues, & organs. Asymptomatic tattoo wearers render the invisible visible. This phenomenon is politically precarious, functioning critically to problematize assumptions about space & appearances of health while simultaneously raising the specter of repressive or violent surveillance. 33 References. Adapted from the source document.
Olguin, B V
Cultural Critique, 1997, 37, fall, 159-213.
Examines how male Chicano convicts use body tattoing as part of a discourse of political resistance, drawing wider conclusions about how convicted bodies are written & interpreted, the US war on crime, & Chicano status. Discussion draws on a qualification of Michel Foucault's (1979) analysis of hegemony & surveillance to argue that some prisoners are able to use their position as convicts to regain their bodies through illegal tattoing. The logistics of the cultural practice of Tatuteando are described, & its various meanings are explored. The tattoos & prison writings of Raul Salinas (eg, 1980) exemplify how tattoing can fuse oppression & its transgression & reflect the Chicano political unconscious. 7 Figures, 1 Appendix, 65 References. E. Blackwell.
Mulcahy, Aogan
Social Problems, 1995, 42, 4, Nov, 449-467.
Examines the media's role in the claims-making process, specifically as this relates to the construction of legitimacy. The 1981 Northern Irish hunger strike was a claims-making activity in which paramilitary prisoners sought to construct themselves as legitimate political actors rather than terrorists. To challenge the assumptions of the criminalization policy that characterized paramilitary organizations as terrorists who lacked popular support, the prisoners contested parliamentary elections & ultimately starved themselves to death. A qualitative content analysis of coverage of their claims in the Irish Times, London Times, & New York Times shows that, while the newspapers offered criticisms of the criminalization policy, they did not present the prisoners' claims as legitimate. It is concluded that local media & cultural understandings of such events may provide sufficient support to sustain these understandings, even in the presence of negative coverage in national media. 61 References. Adapted from the source document.
Maffesoli, Michel
xii+176pp, London, Sage Publications, Ltd, 1996
This volume in the Theory, Culture, & Society series (Mike Featherstone, series editor), translated from the French (Le Temps des tribus, Paris: Meridiens Klincksieck, 1988) by Don Smith, concerns itself with the fragmentation & recasting of solidarity in social life today. It is argued that modernist categories & the foundational narratives that explain & thereby buttress the social order of nation-states are facing profound challenges. Focus is on the small groups & temporary groupings that human beings are members of at different times during the day. It is proposed that these group situations, or tribes, each of which has some degree of self-consciousness & stability, are the central feature & key social fact of the experience of everyday living. Mass culture has disintegrated, & social existence is conducted through fragmented tribal groupings organized around the catchwords, brand names, & sound bites of consumer culture. Despite their fragmentary origin, tribes have strong powers of group solidarity. In the midst of fashion fads, however, new forms of social collectivity are taking root that challenge established models of politics & traditional morals. Ethical aesthetics, the art of living that emphasizes getting along & getting by so as to maintain the solidarity of tribus & facilitate everyday interaction, is also emergent. Rather than questions of universal right or wrong, one deals with questions of appropriateness & fit within situations. Following a Foreword by Rob Shields & an Introduction, the book is organized in 6 Chpts & an Appendix: The Thinking of the Public Square. (1) The Emotional Community: Research Arguments. (2) The Underground Puissance. (3) Sociality vs the Social. (4) Tribalism. (5) Polyculturalism. (6) Of Proxemics. References are encompassed in Chpts Notes. V. Rios, Jr.
Shields, Rob
xiii+334pp, New York, NY: Routledge, 1991
An attempt to develop an alternative geography & sociology of space by examining "places on the margin" - towns & regions that have been left behind in the modern race for progress, published as part of the International Library of Sociology (John Urry, series editor), & presented in III PARTS containing 6 Chpts. Four places & regions are compared to examine the importance of place images to the culture of modernity in North America & England. PART I - opens with an Introduction: Places on the Margin, followed by (1) Alternative Geographies of Modernity - introduces the concept of social spatialization, & argues that the empirical datum of geographical space is mediated by social constructions that become both guides for action & constraints on action. PART II - includes (2) Ritual Pleasures of a Seaside Resort: Liminality, Carnivalesque, and Dirty Weekends - presents an analysis of the cultural positioning of the city of Brighton (England) as a seaside resort to show how its position was constructed within the broader framework of the spatialization of British culture; (3) Niagara Falls: Honeymoon Capital of the World - examines the social construction & spatialization of Niagara Falls (NY) as a tourist attraction, focusing on representations in guide books & local myths, with attention also given to tourist rituals; (4) The True North Strong and Free - examines North America, particularly southern-central Canadian myths of the Arctic & sub-Arctic, arguing that the space myth - or the "True North, strong & free" - has been appropriated as a symbol of Canadian nationalistic discourse, which functions to reconcile regional viewpoints; & (5) The North-South Divide in England - explores the construction of the North/South divide in England, focusing on its origins in nineteenth-century literary works & on the spatial mythology surrounding the English North. PART III - offers (6) Synthesis and Implications - discusses the common themes that unite the four case histories, presents a theoretical synthesis of selected elements in the work of Henri Lefebvre, Pierre Bourdieu, & Michel Foucault, & examines spatialization via the framework of place & space images. A 5-part Bibliography is included, encompassing 910 items. 6 Tables, 20 Figures. W. Howard.


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I'm being cared for by:
SaveACatRescue. Inc
Facts about Van Gogh
- Breed: Domestic Shorthair
- Color: Tiger Striped
- Age: Adult
- Sex: Male
- Hair: Short
My name is Van Gogh!
Van Gogh's Info...
I am already neutered, up to date with shots, not good with kids, not good with dogs, and good with cats.
Van Gogh (Male) - Grey Tabby - DOB ~ 6-27-03
Van Gogh (named for his chopped ear) was our first rescue kitten that we
placed in another home. He was living in a cat colony under a pile of junk (Christmas tree) when we found him. His adoptive parents had him for two years, but moved to Indonesia on a job transfer and returned him to our care due to quarantine rules there. He is a bit shy, but really enjoys personal attention and affection once he becomes comfortable with you. He gets along well with calmer cats and has become a real love bug. He has been neutered and is current on vaccinations.
About SaveACatRescue. Inc
About Our Rescue Group...
We are a non-profit no-kill foster rescue group that is in the process of getting our 501(c) by years end. We have rescued and adopted hundreds of cats and kittens and will continue to commit to doing our part to make Houston a no-kill city.Please come by and visit!
Come Meet Our Pets...
YOU ARE INVITED !WHERE: 5115 Buffalo Speedway Houston Texas 77005
(In the Terrace Shops Center, near the Starbuck Store)
Hours: Saturday and Sunday from noon to 6pm
Monday to Friday by appointment only.
Petsmart Adoption Center
2902 S. Shepherd @ Alabama
Houston, Texas
WHEN: Call ahead to make sure we are doing adoptions.
Sat and Sun12-5PM
WHAT: An opportunity to adopt a friend for life from an ever-changing group of wonderful cats and kittens.
All the animals have been fully health-checked and have all age-appropriate testing, vaccinations, worming and spay/neuter surgery.
Come by and visit !
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We have a $85 adoption fee on all animals that covers all shots, testing , health checks and age-appropriate spay/neuter.Our adopters must be 21, have ID and must undergo an interview, fill out an application and sign contracts related to commitments for the care of the animals. We will check veterinary references and landlord information.
No animals may be adopted as gifts and and all members of the caretaking family must be in agreement about the adoption.
Should an adoption not work out we require the animal to be returned to Save A Cat Rescue.


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
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Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
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"I cut the recipe down to 6 people. The 2 1/4 teas of salt....NO WAY!It was soooo salty we had to through it away. That is way too much salt. 1 teas would have been sufficient."


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$20K raised in run for wounded WPD officer A charity run for a wounded Wilmington police officer raised more than $20,000. More than 1,000 turned out Sunday for the 5K run to benefit Patrolman Justin Wilkers. Wilkers was shot in the face earlier this month when he and his partner tried to stop an SUV for a traffic violation. The SUV sped off before three people got out and fired at Wilkers. Three Wilmington men have been charged in the case. The officer underwent surgery following the shooting and has been released from the hospital. Doctors say Wilkers did not suffer any apparent brain or nerve injury. |
Copyright © Jan 29, 2015, WDEL/Delmarva Broadcasting Company. All Rights Reserved. Advanced permission from Delmarva Broadcasting Company required for publication or rebroadcast. |


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Fri, Jun 9, 06 at 7:59
Hi all. I need some help. This year I made a raised garden bed and filled it with compost from spreadrite organics. They told me that compost was all I needed, and recommended against adding any additional soil. So I believed them, and the result has been discouraging. Seeds that I plant do come up, but never seem to grow beyond the half-inch/first leaves stage (with the exception of beans/peas). Seedlings that I purchase and plant survive well, but don't grow more and are showing no signs of producing fruit. I have tried watering with an all-purpose plant food, and it seems to help a little with the plants that are beyond the first leaf stage, but still not the growth you would expect. My question is this: is there anything I can do this year to rescue my crops (or should I just plan to visit the farmers market more often to get my veggies)? And in the fall/winter, what do you think I should add to help the soil? Should I try to add lots of fertilizer only (and what type), or should I dig out half the compost and add in regular soil? I should add, the compost looks like it is all decomposed wood; it is nice and black and was still very warm when we got it, but since spreading it out in the garden it is not hot anymore.
Thanks for any help. Michelle |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by tsmith2579 Z7B/8A-Alabama (My Page) on Fri, Jun 9, 06 at 8:27
Hi, Michelle11. Sad to hear about your problems. I have never put my confidence in non-dirt potting products. First, I would water every day. Does the spreadite dry quickly? If it does, you can mulch with hay, leaves or compost. Compost would be a good mulch and great for working into the soil. Next I would fertilize once a week with a Miracle-gro type product at 1/2 strength until they get about 3 inches tall. I would begin adding real soil to the middles of the rows now. As soon as you have plants about 3 inches tall, begin working the real soil into the Spreadrite and pull it around the plants. I think you can save everything if you start now. If you have not planted in rows but have sown seeds (intensive gardening), I would start over again after amending the soil. You will have a late crop when everyone else has finished with their harvest. We should have approximately 120 growing days left. |
- Posted by michelle11 z7 AL (My Page) on Tue, Jun 13, 06 at 16:44
Okay, I have added some soil around the plants I am hoping to save. In the fall I will amend the entire garden with soil. I am confused though: why do you recommend adding more compost when it seems that my problem is too much compost? BTW, the guys at spreadrite said that the compost was probably overfeeding the plants and recommended no additional fertilizer. Does this sound right? It seems weird to me, especially since the plants seemded to do better right after I fertilized them with liquid fertilizer. Michelle |
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The HD 4850 X2 is one of those really weird releases. The original word was that the card would launch alongside the HD 4870 X2; clearly it didn't. Word came through that the card was delayed for a week or two, but after that time was up the talk of the card faded.
Move forward to November and we finally have the release of the card. What's interesting about the HD 4850 X2 is that the decision to build the card is completely up to the partner who has to make it themselves.
For that reason, the only company to currently have a HD 4850 X2 floating around on the world wide interweb is from Sapphire. So with that said, let's take the time to have a look at the package Sapphire has put together before we have a closer look at the card and get into the benchmarks.


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Sun, Jun 15, 08 at 13:38
I have a broody hen sitting on 3 eggs about to hatch right now. She had another egg but it was supposed to hatch 3 days before the others. So I brought it inside to the incubator so she wouldn't abandon the other eggs when it hatched. Well I candled it on day 17 and everything looked good. It was taking up most of the egg and looked normal so I left it to hatch. It never did. I left it in there for a couple extra days and still nothing.
I thought maybe the incubator was warmer than the broody had been keeping the egg. Any ideas why it developed all of the way and then didn't hatch??? I've had this happen once before, and I'd like to know what could cause it! |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by velvet_sparrow z10 So. Calif. (My Page) on Sun, Jun 15, 08 at 15:39
There is a whole range of incubator issues, here's a good chart: http://www.msstate.edu/dept/poultry/trouble.htm#LD Sorry you lost the chick. :( Velvet ~:> |
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Will Ferrell Threw A Basketball At A Pelicans Cheerleader [Video]
Will Ferrell was tossed out of a Pelicans game at halftime after he destroyed a cheerleader with a basketball, but it's not as bad as it sounds.
Will Ferrell was tossed out of a Pelicans game at halftime after he destroyed a cheerleader with a basketball, but it's not as bad as it sounds.
Will Ferrell decided to put an end to the Derek Jeter love fest by doing what Red Sox fans do best, yelling at him.
Will Ferrell and John C. Reilly are one of the greatest comic duos in cinema, so it's exciting to know they're re-teaming to make 'Border Guards.' Currently Adam McKay is eyeing directing, so it could be the trio's third movie together, following 'Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby' and 'Step Brothers.'
Chris Pratt is a mini-figure living in the not-so-mini world of 'The LEGO Movie,' which brings together some of your favorite LEGO characters to life on the big screen and gives them the voices of Elizabeth Banks, Will Arnett, Liam Neeson and more! Warner Bros. has released a batch of nine new clips from the animated film so you can preview all the silly humor one can expect from a movie starring Andy Dwyer from 'Parks and Recreation.'
Will Ferrell and the rest of the 'Action News Team' were in Sydney promoting the upcoming release of 'Anchorman 2' when they decided to break out into a little song.
Will Ferrell put on his Ron Burgundy face for Conan last night, and professed his love for troubled Toronto Mayor, Rob Ford, through song.
Since normal people tend to work quotes from 'Anchorman' into our everyday lives and attempt Ron Burgundy impressions on a daily basis, it shouldn't come as a surprise that a local news anchor would be well versed in the dialogue and mannerisms of Will Ferrell's iconic character. What does come as a surprise is that said anchor put on a bushy mustache, get in his flashiest suit and played Ron Burgundy for the entirety of a news broadcast this Halloween.
Though 'Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues' isn't due in theaters until the end of the year, in anticipation of the sequel to one of the most quotable films ever made, Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream have created a flavor in tribute to Will Ferrell's character Ron Burgundy. That flavor? Scotchy Scotch Scotch.
In an inspired bit of cross-promotion, Will Ferrell has gotten into character as Ron Burgundy to sell the new 2014 Dodge Durango. With his trademark absurd wit and charm, Burgundy promotes both the upcoming 'Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues' and the shiny new Dodge vehicle in a series of commercials that make us wish that Ron Burgundy would star in every TV ad.
As you can see by now, we're getting flooded with a lot of news about 'Anchorman 2' and we don't mind it. Over the weekend, the first official trailer was released. It was funny but really short.
After Kanye West joined the cast of 'Anchorman 2' no one expected another rapper to be in the film. Will Ferrell must have called in some favors because it looks like Drake has joined the cast of sequel due in theaters in December 2013. Nice.
One of Will Ferrell's funniest movies was 'Anchorman' and with the sequel releasing later this year, we're all excited. When the news broke of 'Anchorman 2,' fans of Ferrell were uber excited. Today, reports are saying Kanye West will be making a cameo in the sequel, still excited?


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We will not provide sandbags for protecting gardens, outbuildings or other structures that are not residential. All requests will be assessed in terms of priority of need and the risk associated with flooding.
Priorities are based on:
REMEMBER - During times of flooding the councils resourses are in high demand and we may not be able to assist you in time. You have a duty to protect your own property. If you live in an area where flooding is a problem. Take precautions beforehand and keep the on hand in case of emergency.
Please view the Sandbags web pages for further advice.By telephone: please see our Flooding Information web page for contact details.
By email: firstname.lastname@example.com
By post: Streetcare Services, RBWM, Town Hall, St Ives Road, Maidenhead, Berks SL6 1RF


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It was a tough day at the World Hockey Championship for four Leafs players as they suffered tough defeats and will not medal at the tournament this year.
Morgan Rielly, Nazem Kadri, James Reimer and Canada fell 3-2 to Finland. It was the fifth straight year that Canada has been eliminated at the quarter-final stage of the World Championship.
Canada entered the third period with a 2-1 lead but Finland scored twice in the period including a late goal to upset Canada.
Kadri played over 15 minutes and led Canada with six shots on net in the loss. He finished the tournament with 3 assists while Rielly saw less than five minutes in Thursday's game. Rielly ended the tournament with three points and averaging 7:47 of ice-tine a game. Reimer did not play in the quarter-final loss as Ben Scrivens got the start for Canada.
Jake Gardiner and the USA were in penalty trouble throughout the game and allowed three second period power play goals which they couldn't overcome despite two late goals in their 4-3 loss to the Czech Republic. Gardiner was held off the scoresheet in over 18 minutes of action.
The only Leafs player to advance to the semi-finals is Nik Kulemin as Russia defeated France 3-0. Kulemin had two assists and was a +1 in 13:53 of ice-time.
The semi-final games will take place on Saturday and the matchups are: Russia vs. Sweden (7:30 am TSN) and Finland vs. Czech Republic (11:30am TSN). The winners of the semi-final play in the Gold Medal game Sunday (1:15pm TSN).