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For more information contact: Boonshoft School of Medicine, Judi Engle, Office of Public Relations, (937) 775-2951 Prestigious $4.8 Million Grant Advances Neuroscience Research at Wright State University |
Wright State University announced today that is has received a prestigious Program Project Grant (PPG) from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). The $4.8 million grant is the first Program Project Grant Wright State University has received. Five university scientists will use the grant to further their research into why full recovery is not always achieved after damaged nerves have regenerated. "These grants are extremely competitive, and this award underscores the high caliber of neuroscience research being conducted at Wright State," said David R. Hopkins, president of Wright State. "In this research arena we are successfully competing at a national level. We are extremely proud that Wright State has taken a leadership role by bringing this Program Project Grant to the region." Program Project Grants are designed to "encourage multidisciplinary research approaches to a diverse array of nervous system disorders," according to NINDS, one of the 27 institutes and centers that comprise the National Institutes of Health, and the guidelines require at least three interrelated projects that contribute to the program objective. Five collaborative projects, each led by a Wright State NIH-funded investigator, will work together to better understand the recovery-or lack of it-from neurotrauma. The team of Wright State investigators-Drs. Francisco Alvarez, Timothy Cope, Kathrin Engisch, Robert Fyffe and Mark Rich-are accomplished researchers in fields covering developmental biology, synaptic function and sensorimotor behavior of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. The diversity of their analytical viewpoints will, through this grant, create a synergy of research information focused on a common interest. (see sidebar on the five projects) When the Connections No Longer Work: After Nerves RegenerateOur wired communication system sends and receives electrical impulses from the central nervous system (CNS) through a highly specialized peripheral nervous system (PNS), which transmits sensory information and controls movement. The PNS relays messages from the body to the brain and regulates internal processes. When the PNS is damaged, nerve activity may be blocked, interrupted or completely disrupted, depending on the severity of the injury. "We know that damaged peripheral nerves regenerate, but regeneration is not synonymous with recovery," said Timothy Cope, Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology in WSU's Boonshoft School of Medicine, director of the school's new Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, and principal investigator on the PPG. "Neither sensation nor movement return to pre-injury levels after nerve regeneration. Although regeneration of the PNS is necessary to restore voluntary movement, injury initiates changes in the spinal cord that do not reverse with regeneration. Problems remain in timing and strength of muscle contraction, problems that are essential to normal movement." The goal of Wright State's Program Project Grant is "to understand how injury, regeneration and alterations in neural activity affect synaptic and network function and to explore the mechanisms that either promote or impede recovery," said Cope. "The wide array of approaches and expertise that we have as a team is likely to accelerate our understanding because we can attack the problem of limits on regeneration with greater insight and technical expertise than any one of us could achieve alone." Cutting-edge methodologies will be shared across the five projects. Studies will examine neurons and synapses using electrophysiological tools to evaluate their function. Microscopy and associated imaging techniques will assess structure and changes in protein expression. "Collaboration with the other team members is critical to placing our findings in the context of functional and structural changes that are occurring in the CNS and PNS after nerves regenerate," adds Dr. Fyffe, Ph.D., associate dean for research affairs. "Essential details about the mechanisms underlying changes following PNS injury are largely unknown and must be obtained in order to develop clinical applications to many common human conditions, including spinal cord injury," adds Dr. Cope. "How can we get these neural circuits to operate normally, to communicate the way they used to? Our research niche focuses on the limits to recovery after nerve regeneration." Affirming our goals, our resources and our expertise"Getting this grant places us in an elite category," says Howard M. Part, M.D., dean for the Boonshoft School of Medicine. "Our team's impressive accomplishment reflects the hard work and dedication of our outstanding scientists, as well as the continued support of our community, especially from The Kettering Fund and from the Oscar Boonshoft family." In February, the school announced the formation of a Comprehensive Neuroscience Center (CNC) for improving research of neurological, developmental, cognitive, psychiatric and trauma-induced nervous system disorders. The CNC was made possible through a grant from the Boonshoft Innovation Fund, established when Oscar Boonshoft, a local philanthropist and long-time supporter, gave Wright State University School of Medicine a gift of $28.5 million dollars in 2005. His goal was to provide new resources to spur innovative ideas and programs that would propel the school to national leadership in medical education, patient care and research. The newly established center integrates teams of scientists and clinicians across several disciplines-on and off campus-to collaboratively address fundamental issues in both basic science and clinical neuroscience research. Actively involved are faculty in the fields of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, neuroscience, pharmacology, physiology, psychiatry, psychology and toxicology. "The CNC will advance our research of the nervous system at levels ranging from cellular and molecular mechanisms to behavior," said Cope. "The Program Project Grant has, in effect, affirmed our goals, our resources and our expertise. The vision for this collaborative center is to continue to build upon our core strengths and infrastructure as well as leverage strategic resources," said Part. "We see neuroscience research as a significant growth area and an important component in educating our students and advancing patient care." Detailed scientific information available at www.med.wright.edu/cnc/ppg The Program Project Grant recently awarded to five Wright State University researchers by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke reaffirms that there is strength in numbers in scientific endeavors. It is the power of shared experience, shared expertise, technology, equipment and resources that are at the foundation of a Program Project Grant. Drs. Francisco Alvarez, Timothy Cope, Kathrin Engisch, Robert Fyffe and Mark Rich bring decades of combined expertise to the pursuit of their common interest. Following are specifics about the researchers' five individual projects by which they endeavor to better understand the recovery-or lack of it-from neurotrauma. Project One: Circuit Plasticity "After nerve damage and regeneration, we lose the stretch reflex in affected muscles, adversely affecting our ability to control movement. We theorize that damage to the PNS creates problems in spinal/neural circuits which do not reverse after nerve regeneration." More. Project Two: Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance "Motoneurons control the activity in our muscles, but their function is in turn modulated by a fine balance between excitatory and inhibitory influences. We suspect that deficits in reacquiring this balance following nerve injury and regeneration are partly responsible for the incomplete restoration of motor function." More. Project Three: Synaptic Plasticity "Injury changes how the synapses transmit at the neuromuscular junction and we theorize that reduced cellular activity at the time of injury adversely impacts signaling strength." More.
"We are examining the underlying molecular mechanism caused by the change of cellular activity. The process at the molecular level indicates that the protein Rab3A plays a major regulatory role." More. Project Five: Postsynaptic Excitability "Our laboratory will use new imaging techniques to help determine how the excitability and electrical properties of motoneurons are regulated after nerve injury." More. For more information or to arrange for interviews, please contact Office of Public Relations, Boonshoft School of Medicine, (937) 775-2951. |


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This page has answers to some of the questions about SF Gym CrossFit Training we get asked most frequently.
Do I need to be fit before I join?
No, we provide a complete fundamentals package that will build correct technique and fitness to build a solid foundation to achieve desired fitness goals.
What if I can't do the workout as prescribed?
The workouts are designed to be scaled to individual ability. If using an unweighted bar or half the number of reps or time leaves you on the floor exhausted than that in itself is enough, we prepare training and classes to suit your ability. As you progress you will achieve the workout as prescribed or even surpass it.
Is it suitable for women?
Yes, biologically there is no difference between the make up of muscle between females and males, women are able to achieve the same strength to weight ratios that men can achieve.
It is far more difficult for women to build muscle mass as their bodies do not produce enough hormones to promote large muscle growth.
So without the use of supplements it is unlikely you will see any major changes in muscle mass. However increased performance, fitness, health, more muscle definition and loss of body fat can be expected with regular training and suitable diet.
Do I have to complete the Fundamentals Program?
In short yes! Unless you have had prior experience at another certified CrossFit Gym where you completed their Fundamentals/Foundations course or completed the CrossFit Level 1 Certification .
I love it! How Do I Get Started?
If you head over to our Getting Started page, this will help you take the next step to starting with us.

subset: commoncrawl


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Oh, you're afraid of sharks? How quaint of you. The newest sea monster sure to haunt your nightmares is smart as hell and has been trained by the Ukrainian military to wield dangerous weapons. Suddenly Jaws seems like a romcom.
"Dolphin scientist" (best job) Justin Gregg reports that three of the dolphins the Ukrainian Navy has been training to become killing machines just kind of swam off into the Black Sea this morning, supposedly in search of mates. Ukraine revived the program last year, which teaches dolphins how to target enemies with "special knives and pistols."
We're sure they'll have great luck landing girlfriends, given how badass they probably look. Lady dolphins always fall for the bad boy dolphins, much to their parents' chagrin.
(h/t The Atlantic)


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Choose a Destination... About the City Visiting SLO Bus Schedule Parking Public Art What�s New City Government Employment Opportunities Bids & Proposals FAQs How are we doing? ---City Departments--- Administration City Attorney City Clerk Community Development Economic Development Finance & IT Fire Human Resources Natural Resources Parks & Recreation Police Public Works Special Activities Utilities
The Public Works Department and Police Department want to better serve you through a collaborative effort in our City Parks. Public Works employees and police officers are available to work on problems in the parks. If it is an emergency or in progress call it is important to call 911 or the Police Department at (805) 781-7312 to report the problem so our on-duty personnel can attend to the issue.
About the Department | Programs and Services | Emergency Info FAQs | Crime Prevention | Neighborhood Services | Neighborhood Watch Landlords | Graffiti | CyberCrime | Links | Department Home
About the City | Visiting SLO | City Government | Employment Bids & Proposals | FAQs | Press Room | How are we doing?
©2014 City of San Luis Obispo


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This amazing demo shows how you can transmit sound over a laser beam. The transmitter modulates power to a laser pointer with audio from a headphone jack. The receiver is just an earphone and a solar cell; no power source. I assembled both in minutes, and it was strange (in a... Read more »
When I told my 8-year-old daughter I had a kit to clone fluorescent jellyfish DNA, she was excited to try it. But this is a high-school level project. The reagents are sent in a styrofoam box with dry ice, and the projects require a polymerase chain reaction thermal cycler (which Genotyp will... Read more »
Aimed at kids 8 and up, this kit has real heart. Its 48-page workbook and components (solar cell, buzzer, two motors, LED, capacitor, copper rivets, pinwheel, etc.) take you through lessons and fun experiments that teach the basics: What is energy, as distinct from force? What forms does it take?... Read more »
Learn about the sense of smell with eight perfume oils and a variety of jars, mixers, and pipettes. Experiments range from fragrance extraction to composing your own perfume scents. My friend and I enjoyed one experiment where we prepared test strips of all the fragrances and then guessed which we... Read more »
TubeSat makes space your personal laboratory. You build a satellite the size of a large soup can, get it launched into a 310km Earth orbit moving 17,000 miles an hour, and talk to it via ham radio a few times a day for 1–3 months. Smile as you reflect on... Read more »
This is a solder-together kit for studying the electrical impulses of cockroach neurons. The online instructions are excellent, with videos and plenty of clear photos of the assembly process. My 8-year-old daughter identified and inserted all the electrical components into the clearly marked printed circuit board through-holes, and I did... Read more »


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Find an Internship or Volunteer in Lake Park, Georgia ( GA )
If you're looking for internships or volunteer work in Lake Park, Georgia or even to get a summer job, you've come to the right place! With over 30,000 around the county, chances are that GrooveJob.com has the right job for you and wants to be your only source for finding internships and volunteer positions in Lake Park, Georgia.
We've got plenty of intern and volunteer work in Lake Park, Georgia. Check out the list of employers below who have positions in Lake Park. Remember to check back with Groovejob.com on a regular basis. We add new internships and volunteer jobs listings to our database every week, so you'll find new opportunities every time you check back with us.
Browse by Employer (Click On Logos) | ||
Click for Intern or Volunteer at SEAWORLD ADVENTURE PARK | Click for Intern or Volunteer at INROADS | |
Jobs by Title | Location | Company | Posted |
Sales and Management Intern - Fashion Industry Opportunity …often said that experience is life's best teacher, and as a Buckle Intern , you'll get exactly that-a challenging, hands-on retail... | Valdosta, GA | 12/8/2014 | |
Non-Graduate Intern , Pharmacy "The pharmacy intern will accurately fill prescriptions for our guests. This position will consult and advise guests on their... | Monticello, FL | 12/11/2014 | |
Python Intern (Paid) Juju is looking for a Paid Intern with a strong knowledge of Python. Initial responsibilities will be writing and maintaining XML... | Lake Park, GA | 1/6/2015 | |
Accounting Specialist ( Intern ) Function The Accounting Specialist ( Intern ) provides accounting support for the Valdosta office and operates under the direct supervision... | Valdosta, GA | 1/15/2015 | |
Retail Management Intern (Valdosta, GA) Retail Leadership Intern Job Overview The retail leadership intern will have the opportunity to supplement coursework with a... | Valdosta, GA | 1/20/2015 | |
Community Pharmacy Internship One of Walgreens most exciting paths to becoming a pharmacy professional is our internship program. This program will provide you with... | Lake Park, GA | 12/6/2014 | |
Community Store Management Internship …is different, and how far you go is up to you. Our step-by-step Community Management Internship Program equips you to become a... | Lake Park, GA | 11/27/2014 | |
Summer Engineering Internship …These paid internships are open for consideration to all engineering studentscurrently in their Sophomore - Senior years.Please apply... | Madison, FL | 1/27/2015 | |
Spring Computer Programming Internship Nestl Waters North America is currently seeking one Spring intern to work on a variety of Continuous Improvement projects at our factory... | Madison, FL | 1/25/2015 | |
<< First < Previous 1 Next > Last >> |


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Free Entry
Every Friday evening, Saturday and Sunday, the South Bank Lifestyle Market features an exciting range of arts, craft, homewares, collectibles, exotic items, designer fashion and much more. The Markets are an ideal way to find a unique gift, or simply stroll through and enjoy the atmosphere.
The Market is an excellent place to sample delicious treats, organic produce and homemade fare. Enjoy the fabulous music and entertainment as you browse.
... moreThe Markets are held every Friday evening from 5pm - 10pm, Saturday morning 10am - 5pm, and all day Sunday from 9am - 5pm.
... less* Please note: These rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available costs of listed products and services. To obtain a firm price from the provider, please use the contact the operator. All prices are quoted in Australian dollars.


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If the mods were more aggressive would that help? What about:
1) forking a new thread so the conversation can continue for those who care
2) deleting subsequent posts that should be in the forked thread or if the mods have the time and energy, moving the posts to that thread (I think this board handles that)
If this happens consistently, then the guys that want to beat a dead horse might take the initiative and fork their own new threads. Or mods could just start deleting posts, that would be OK with me too.


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Baldwin Spring / Summer 2014 Collection
Kansas brand Baldwin give us an early look at Summer 2014, denim and 'clothing' line presented separately for the first time. Monochrome shades are broken up with navy, steel and graphite, found through various knits from soft blazers to sweatpants and hoodies. Graphic tees, lightweight chambray, short sleeved oxfords and polos all waiting in the gallery.
Founded and designed by Matt Baldwin, Baldwin Denim and Collection is a Kansas City based clothing and lifestyle brand, founded on modern design, quality textiles, and American manufacturing.
Every facet of Baldwin Denim and Collection is deliberate — from the tailored proportions to the fabrics and materials, to the colors and washes to even the white rivet detail. Each piece is a chapter in the overall Baldwin story, and that story is one of timeless modernism.
Matt Baldwin, named one of GQ's menswear designers of the year in 2013, founded the brand in 2009 out of an unmet need in the marketplace for an American-made denim brand with a modern design aesthetic using ultra- premium Japanese and American selvage denim. While the brand has evolved with the introduction of a women's line in 2013, Baldwin Denim and Collection remains rooted in quality tailoring, durability, and a modern aesthetic.
Baldwin started with 3 men's fits with production runs of as little as 70 units at a time. Today, the Baldwin collection, which is cut and sewn in the USA, is made up of men's and women's shirts, pants, denim and accessories. They're sold to the top specialty stores worldwide and recently opened two flagship stores in Kansas City.
Baldwin's growth has been fueled by its approachability, functional design, attention to detail, and inclusiveness; a focus on making their customers feel part of their brand.


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Archive for October, 2011
You are currently browsing the Life.Love.Couture. blog archives for October, 2011.
You are currently browsing the Life.Love.Couture. blog archives for October, 2011.
Though there are many of course, one of our favorite overwhelming trends this season is the oh-so-fabulous "arm party" we've been seeing on everyone from high-schoolers to designers. While there are tons of ways to achieve the look, we always fall hardest for true jewels, Gold, Silver, Gemstones, anything that sparkles. We recently discovered a designer that not only combines these two, but adds an element that takes jewels to a whole new level…House of Shakti has created a series of layering bracelets that promote healing & storytelling, using gems and crystals to enlighten & empower women, increasing positive energy, creativity and positive changes in aura. The best part for us is that we can summon mystical powers without sacrificing what we truly love, style. Stone bracelets in a bevy of bold colors are adorned with tiny charms from lotus flowers to angel wings, who wouldn't love them? Check out their bracelet assortment and the rest of the collection on the site and feel free to pick up a few, they start at just $28! Insane, we know.
Simple enough it seems but Roberta Chiarella's Vanessa's Necklace has instantly become our current obsession…the Gold bauble is the perfect accent to any outfit, laying perfectly along your collarbone the piece adds just the right amount of pop to everything from a bare neck in a strapless boho gown to a preppy boatneck chunky fall knit. We are really just loving it.


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No trophy fees and permit penaltiesShoot an animal, return to the village, and sleep until you are sent back home. |
Animal locatorPressing the first letter of an animal's name at the map screen will let you view its position: R to find rhino, B for buffalo, C for crocodile, I for impala, L for lion, W for wildebeest, and Z for zebra. |
Free browning bucksMove the pointer to the top left corner of the equipment hut, then press CTRl + KEYPAD 4. |
Reappearing artWhenever you have an extra $5000.00, save your game when you are at the museum. After that, click "Load Game" and load that game again. When you go to Africa again, go to the shop and all of the African art will be there for purchase (even if it was bought the last time the shop was visited). |


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Wahl Rechargeable LithiumIon Triple Play + Shaver and Trimmer
Item#: YYI1-GE6021 | Model#: 9880-200LITHIUM ION TRIPLE PLAY + GROOM Product Details
- Trimmer blade defines facial hair and rotary detail head provides more versatility
- Flex and float shaver head conforms to the contours of the face for a close shave
- Precision detailer for personal trimming of the ear, nose and brow
- 6-position guide for 7 lengths
- 8 T-blade guides1/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", 7/8" and 1"
- 3 standard trimmer guidesstubble, 1/8" and 3/16"
- 5-year limited warranty
- Includes comb, blade oil, cleaning brush, foil guard, charger, storage/charge base and travel storage pouch
Manufactured by: Wahl
Warranty provided by: Wahl
Mfg Part No: 9880-200
UPC No: 043917988023
Box Size: ( Length:0, Width:0, Depth:0)
Shipping Weight: 1.6600 pound(s)
Click here for full warranty and support information - Limited Warranty: A full text version of the limited warranty
may be obtained by mailing a self addressed, stamped envelope to the
address below and requesting the warranty for item number: YYI1-GE6021
Warranty Information
7795 W. Flagler St. Suite 35
Miami, FL. 33144 - Wahl logos are registered trademarks of Wahl. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


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Brea Lynn is a porn movie star born in Arizona, United States. She did not join the industry of adult film making for a long period of time, unlike those who enter at the age of 18. However, she is regarded as one of the future stars in the porn movie industry.
Many people who have watched the movies from Brea Lynn would comment that her movies have the power to attract them to watch even more. This is not solely from the sex appeal indeed. Some regard that Brea Lynn is the type of movie star who has a pretty and attractive face instead of just a perfect body.
Brea Lynn became the Pet of the Month of Penthouse magazine in late 2006. Since then, she has received offers from various parties including the Vivid Entertainment. It did not take long for her to join Vivid Entertainment after signing an exclusive contract. Hence, it does not come as a surprise to learn that some of her famous movies have been released on Vivid.
Although Brea Lynn received generally positive comments from the audience, she has not received a lot of awards in her career life of being an actress in adult movies. She was nominated for the AVN Award in 2009 for her movie Pirates II. She has acted in 11 movies so far, of which, the 'Pirates II: Stagnetti's Revenge' and 'The Sunny Experiment' are some of the most famous. It is also staggering to note that she has done these 11 titles in the last two years, which is an astonishing number for any porn actress.
It is things like these that once again reiterate the popularity of Brea Lynn and she is expected to be one of the famous adult movie actresses in the near future.


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MEMBERS Increase your Visibility Place your AD here where Thousands of People will See It! More information on Members Benefit Page CLICK HERE
Thank you to all the participants of the 36th Annual Bordentown Street Fair!
We look forward to seeing you at next year's event on May 17th and 18th, 2014.
The Street Fair is normally held on the 3rd weekend in May. Almost the entire Farnsworth Avenue and its major side streets are transformed into a giant food, fun and festivities extravaganza for the whole family. The one and only Bordentown Street Fair - the flagship event for the Northern Burlington Regional Chamber of Commerce - brings over 10,000 people to visit Historic Bordentown!
An ecclectic array of boutique shop merchants from historical downtown Bordentown set up shop on the streets for two full days of fun and festivities. Gourmet local restaurants prepare amazing food, local non-profits hold fund raisers, children flock to the Kids' Corner, and local groups provide free entertainment.
For many, the best part of the Fair is the HUGE selection of amazing fine arts crafters who travel from near and far to be a part of what always becomes a wonderfully uplifting day of commerce, networking, seeing old friends, and making new ones.
"There are street fairs... and then there is the BORDENTOWN STREET FAIR"
◊ Click Here for Crafter Application ◊ Click Here for Organization Application
◊ Click Here for Chamber & Non Chamber Members
◊ Click Here for Rules and Regulations


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Feb. 8, 2013: Ashley Finn, Pawtucket, walks her well-dressed Boston Terriers Meekah and Smokey in a near-deserted downtown Providence as the snow begins. The snow had started falling by about 8:30 a.m. Friday in Providence, leaving just an initial dusting on grassy areas. If the forecasts prove correct, the city could be buried under 30 inches of snow by Saturday afternoon.
Kathy Borchers
The Providence Journal


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(02-11-2012 04:28 PM)tupark82 Wrote: wtf does him being american born have anything to do with anything and why is that sad. and no, you're not stating a fact, you're spewing out false garbage. not that it matters a single ounce, but he was born here.
(02-11-2012 02:52 PM)908 Wrote: hes not proven to quick to say that and totally agree #'s drop when amare and carmelo come back to young and unproven to compare to jordan kobe lebron dwayne wade. and hes not american born like those other guys are sadly. not trying to start some racial or foreign fight just stating a fact. i get 114 pts in 4 gms is a bunch but not proven in the states.
(02-11-2012 06:37 PM)charbs1111 Wrote: LINsanity dies tonight...of a Rubio Fever
(02-11-2012 06:35 PM)magneto2 Wrote: Correct me if i'm wrong but didn't Jeremy Lin go to Harvard? He is tearing it up on the court!


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Arterial Catheterization
An arterial catheter is a thin, hollow, tube which is placed into the artery (most commonly of the wrist or groin) to measure blood pressure more accurately than is possible with a blood pressure cuff. The catheter can also be used to get repeated blood samples when it is necessary to frequently measure the levels of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
Common reasons for its use and benefits:
- Low blood pressure (hypotension or shock) - When a low blood pressure cannot be corrected rapidly with fluid given through a patient's veins. The need to measure pressures in the large blood vessels is greatest when the patient is receiving powerful medications that stimulate the heart as a way of keeping the blood pressure up. The arterial catheter allows accurate, second-to-second measurement of the blood pressure; repeated measurement is called monitoring.
- High blood pressure (hypertension) - In some situations, the blood pressure can go so high that it is life-threatening. Such high blood pressure must be lowered gradually in steps, and measurements with an arterial catheter help guide the treatment.
- Severe lung problems - When a patient has a lung problem that is so severe that it requires checking the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide of the blood more frequently than 3 to 4 times a day, the arterial catheter can be used to draw blood without having to repeatedly stick a needle into the patient.
Some of the risks of arterial catheterization include:
- Pain during placement - Discomfort can result from the needle stick and placement of the catheter at the time it is inserted. Doctors try to lessen the pain with a local numbing medicine (anesthetic like novocaine). The discomfort is usually mild and goes away once the catheter is in place.
- Infections - As in the case with all catheters inserted into the body, bacteria can travel up the catheter from the skin and into bloodstream. The longer the catheter remains in the artery, the more likely it is to get infected. Special care in bandaging the skin at the catheter site and changing tubing can help to decrease the risk of infection.
- Blood clots - If blood clots form on the tips of arterial catheters, the clots can block blood flow. If another blood vessel does not carry blood to the area beyond the clot, this can cause the loss of a hand or leg. Such a loss is very rare. To decrease the likelihood of these problems, the ICU staff check regularly for blood flow in the hand or leg when a catheter is in the artery.
- Bleeding - Bleeding can occur at the time of inserting the catheter. The bleeding may stop without doing anything. Sometimes, the ICU staff need to remove the catheter and apply pressure to the site.


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Sounds like fun but I'll be in Disneyland!!
2nd Annual Indianapolis Labor Day Disney Meet
Hi Everyone,
Last Labor Day weekend 2008 we held our first annual Indianapolis Disney meet. Approximately 80 Disney fans attended from as far as Northeast Ohio, Kentucky, Michigan, Chicago, IL, and all over Indiana. This years crowd is expected to be larger.
We are holding the 2nd annual meet again over Labor Day weekend. Like last year, there will be no cost to attend this event; however, there will be charitable contribution activities taking place periodically throughout the meet. We also ask that you bring a covered dish so we have enough food for everyone to enjoy. Feel free to bring Disney recipes and dishes found at Walt Disney World.
The intent of the meet is to get to know other Disney enthusiasts like us and have some fun and laughs along the way. I'm looking forward to seeing several of you there.
This meet is open to anyone willing to drive or even fly to the Indianapolis area. We'd love to have you join us. I'm hopeful to have several Hoosiers and other friends from other states join us in the Indianapolis area. If enough out-of-town guests join us we may have additional activities on the Sunday following the meet.
There will be several fun and exciting elements to the meet.
Kids activities:
Face Painting
Art of Disney Animation Drawing Class
Disney Bingo
Kids Trivia Challenge
Other Activities:
Adult Scavenger Hunt
Silent Auction
Disney Pin Trading
and more!
Prizes will be awarded at the top of each hour through a random drawing. Prizes will include Disney Gift cards, souveneirs from Walt Disney World, and more.
Information about the meet is below. Post here if you can make it or just to say hi!
Hope to see you at the meet!
Indianapolis Meet Information
Date: Saturday, September 5th 2009
Time: 1:00PM - 6:00PM
Food: Pitch-In Format.
Where: Hamilton County 4-H Fairgrounds - O.V. Winks Building
2003 Pleasant St
Noblesville, IN 46060-3627
Facility Information
Hamilton County Fairgrounds and Exhibition Center
Directions to the Hamilton County 4-H Fairgrounds
Hi Everyone,
I just wanted to post and let everyone know the Indy meet is fast approaching; Sept 5th. We currently have 90 people signed up to attend the meet. All our welcome, so if you are in the area (or even if you're not) please consider attending. As Lou mentioned in this week's WDW Radio Podcast these types of meets are very magical.
I wanted to give some highlights of the meet our committee has planned:
- There will be a charity, silent auction with some spectacular items you can bid on. One of the items you can bid on is a 7-night stay at Sheraton Vistana Resort.
- There will be several prizes awarded at the top of each hour. Included in the prizes are $25 & $50 Disney gift cards, Disney merchandise, and other merchandise donated by several national retailers.
- There will be a special spot for pin Trading.
- Kids activities which include coloring and decorating EPCOT masks and Art in Disney Animation drawing class.
- Authentic Dole Whips will be served
I also want to stress that this meet is completely free. All you need to do is bring in a covered dish or some sort of food item to contribute to the food table. All of the auction items, activity items and prizes for this meet are donated by Disney, other fan communities, Disney enthusiasts, and various vendors related to Disney to make this meet as magical as possibe.
If you have any questions about the meet please feel free to post them here or send me a private message.
I hope to see you there!
Aaron DelPrince
Last edited by ADP; 08-24-2009 at 11:04 AM.
Friday, Sept. 4th
Hi Everyone,
The 2nd annual Indy Meet is about to kickoff soon. I'll consider it started as soon as I pick up a friend at the Indy airport in a few hours. Many Disney fans are already on their way here by car or even plane. To say that I'm excited is and understatement. The planning for the meet started back in April and the weekend is finally upon us. There's been a good deal of planning and a lot of help from many other Disney fans behind the scenes. A meet like this can't happen without help from others. Everyone who is attending the meet is bringing some form of food, some even "kicked it up a notch" by bringing dishes only found at some of our favorite Disney restaurants.
Some of the main activities planned are a silent auction to benefit Give Kids the World Village of Central Florida. We've got some great auciton items lined up thanks to some very generous people and businesses. The kids actviites will have their own space inside the building. Some of the kids activities include face painting, "Art of Disney Animation" drawing class, and decorating Kidcot masks (special thanks to Enrique at EPCOT's guest services for aquiring them for us). There will also be an adult scavenger hunt. Those who complete the hunt will be eligable for a fabulous prize. Other prizes will be awarded at the top of each hour during the meet. Some of the prizes include Disney gift cards, A Disney Halloween pack, Disney collectable watches, and much, much more. Oh! And how could I forget....Authentic Dole Whips will be served at the far end of the dessert table next to, what I believe, will be one heck of a cupcake display. I'd like to think Disney World has moved its address to Indy for at least one day. Well, maybe not, but we can dream, can't we?
Although I'm not sure how everything is going to transpire this weekend, the one thing I know for sure is we will be seeing several of our friends and making new friends this weekend while sharing in a common bond of all things Disney related.....And how on earth can you beat that!?!?! Yes, it is possible to carry the magic outside the parks......
More to come!
Saturday, September 5th
Hi Everyone,
Phew! What fun! Thanks to everyone for coming out today. We had a great time! A total of 75 plus were in attendance today. All the food and activites were great. Thanks to everyone for participating in all the activities; especially the silent auction. We raised $1500 for Give Kids the World throughout the course of the meet. GREAT JOB EVERYONE! And, special thanks to everyone who donated an auction itme or prize to the meet. Your generosity is much appreciated and helped make the Indy a meet a success for all the right reasons.
A meet like this doesn't happen without the help of many people. Thanks to everyone who played a role in making the meet a success. Just seeing the food on the table was an accomplisment. The food was awesome, and some dishes were over the top. A special thanks goes to Jason, Susan, Brandie and Matthew for doing such a wonderful job wit our Tiki Corner which included authentic Dole Whips and great cupcakes!
Thanks to everyone who supplied food for the meet. The table was full of great food to sample. Yummmo!
Somebody brought Mickey rice krispy treats!
We walked into the hall this morning and everything was empty as we expected.
After some hard work the hall was setup for the meet.
In the opposite corner of the hall we had kids activities. The kids activities included Art of Disney Animation drawing class, coloring, a limbo contest on the front stage, Nemo Hot Potato game, and a Kidcot Fun Spot where the children could decorate their own Kidcot masks.
Art of Disney Animation
Part of the meet included a silent auction table which included items like a 7 night stay at Sheraton Vistana Resort and much, much more. Together we raised $1500 for Give Kids the World. Thanks Everyone!
So, another Indy Meet has come and gone. It was great seeing everyone again. This time we did something truly amazing. We raised money for a very worthy cause. It just goes to show you, having fun and doing something life changing at the same time is possible.
Until next year...."See You Real Soon"!!!


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Roy Steele is a writer, blogger, queer activist, equality advocate, and anti-bullying evangelist.
He crusades against the lies and misinformation that right-wing extremists and evangelical Christians use to spread anti-gay propaganda, and led a successful boycott of American retail stores that were financing anti-gay hate groups through affiliate marketing schemes.
The boycott received extensive coverage from major media organizations. Reporter Michelle Goldberg wrote about the boycott for Newsweek/Daily Beast in an article entitled "Christian Group's New Gay War," and The New York Times documented the campaign in "Retailers get heat for sales that generate anti-gay aid."
Former Arkansas governor and noted homophobe Mike Huckabee called Roy "an economic terrorist" because his boycott campaign resulted in over 150 retail organizations severing ties with anti-gay groups.
Roy blogs to advance equality and gay LGBT civil rights, by examining the socio-political, religious, and cultural challenges confronting the gay community today, and currently writes about contemporary social and political issues.
You can find his writing at the blog Jive in the [415]
Education: Rutgers College, Guildford School of Acting
Residence: San Francisco, CA
Veronica Belmont - about.me user since 2010
"First, customize your page. It's easy and fun to design!"
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Did you know that Jewel has been Chicago's own for 114 years? Jewel has recently taken over several of the closing Domenick's stores here in Chicagoland. This is the perfect time to tell you about the new contest they have going on! Who can't use a free groceries for a year? If you win, Jewel will give you $100 a week for a year. Now, I just went grocery … [Read more...]
Saving Money, Stocking Up #NotGoingAnywhere #ad
Hello, winter! How much snow do you have in your area? We just had 29 hours of snow where I live! This is just a few hours into the snowfall. We ended up snowblowing 3 times today. On top of the snow, we also are getting blistering cold. With this cold weather, every is running to the grocery store for supplies. The next two days are going to be … [Read more...]
TruMoo Limited Edition Halloween Milks and a Goosebumps Giveaway too!
This Halloween, satisfy your sweet tooth with a delicious and nutritious treat – TruMoo. In celebration of the holiday and for a limited time only, TruMoo vanilla and chocolate milks are getting a monster makeover. For a limited time, Lowfat Vanilla TruMoo will be tinted bright orange, which is sure to make even the crankiest ghosts rise from the grave. If … [Read more...]
So I Have Hashimotos and a Hernia!
I finally was able to meet with the surgeon yesterday. (If you haven't been following, here's Part 1 and Part 2) The fluid filled "pocket" that I have is a hernia. This will require me to have surgery. From now on, I'm not allowed to lift anything heavier than a gallon of milk until I have the surgery. I will also be out of commission for about a week … [Read more...]


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Spirit of Aloha Coconut Bread Recipe
Does anyone know where I can get the recipe for the wonderful coconut - pineapple bread they serve at the Spirit of Aloha Dinner Show? We just got back and can't stop talking about that bread. Any help would be much appreciated.
Try post #1689 on page #113 for that recipe: http://disboards.com/showthread.php?t=1575103&page=113
Here is my favourite coconut flour recipe, thats probably not what you're looking for
4 egg whites 1 vanilla 1 cake flour 6 baking powder 1/2 teaspoon baking soda 2 cup buttermilk |
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Cardinals Press Releases
Wednesday, January 28, 2015
Group tickets for the 2015 Cardinals season go on sale today
Beginning today, organized groups of 25 fans or more may begin purchasing tickets to single games during the 2015 Cardinals season.
U.S. Women's National Soccer Team to Play Match at Busch Stadium in April
The St. Louis Cardinals announced that the U.S. Women's National Soccer Team (U.S. WNT), in its first domestic game of 2015, will play the New Zealand National Soccer Team in a match at Busch Stadium on Saturday, April 4th at 2:30 p.m. The match will be broadcast on FOX Sports 1.
2015 Cardinals Theme Tickets on sale now
Tickets for more than 20 Theme Ticket promotional dates during the 2015 Season, including American Girl Night, Star Wars Night, Superhero Night and many more, are on sale now at cardinals.com/theme.
Cardinals announce 3-year deal with Lance Lynn
The St. Louis Cardinals announced today that they have reached agreement with right-handed pitcher Lance Lynn on a three-year contract (2015-17), thus avoiding salary arbitration. Financial terms were not disclosed.
Cardinals announce 2015 spring training radio & TV broadcast schedule
The St. Louis Cardinals announced today that fans will be able to catch nearly all of the club's 2015 spring training games on FOX Sports Midwest and the Cardinals Radio Network.
Cardinals introduce new event in conjunction with Warm-Up and Caravan
On Friday, January 16th, the St. Louis Cardinals will hold the first-ever Hot Stove LIVE! event at Ballpark Village as the official kickoff to Winter Warm-Up and Cardinals Caravan weekend.
Sixth Annual Boutique Bridal Show at Busch February 8th
Tickets for the sixth annual Busch Stadium Boutique Bridal Event on Sunday, February 8th are on sale now at cardinals.com/bridalshow.
2015 Cardinals Caravan Set to Cover Six States in Four Days
Today the St. Louis Cardinals announced the schedule for the team's 2015 Cardinals Caravan, presented by Missouri Farm Bureau Insurance.
2015 Winter Warm-Up autograph tickets on sale tomorrow
Cardinals Care, the charitable foundation of the St. Louis Cardinals, announced today that fans may begin purchasing autograph tickets for the 19th annual Winter Warm-Up at cardinals.com/winterwarmup, at 9 a.m. CT on Tuesday, January 6th.


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Mar 15, 2013 8:53 AM by ASSOCIATED PRESS
RICHMOND, Calif. (AP) - A man has been shot and killed outside a Bay Area Rapid Transit station in Richmond.
The man in his 30s was found Thursday at an entrance to the station. His identity wasn't immediately released.
No one has been arrested. There were no other injuries.
The Contra Costa Times reports (http://bit.ly/XE9Nhl) that one or two men ran away from the station after the victim was shot. The shooting occurred during the peak of the afternoon commute, but there weren't any service interruptions because of the investigation.
The killing is the third in Richmond this year.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
Offensive or inappropriate comments are subject to removal. To report a comment, please e-mail us at email@example.com, and include the name of the story and information on the comment.
Thank you! KSBY.com
37 minutes ago


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Archive for the 'Security' Category
Friday, December 17th, 2010
Will it Blend?
I had the honor of presenting at RuxCon and BayThreat this year. Both were great conferences with great people. I'm always humbled when I learn of what others are doing in the security community and even more humbled when asked to present. I gave a presentation called Will It Blend. The title of the talk is based on a series of videos from Blendtec (I could watch these videos all day). The content of the talk however is about "blended threats". During the talk I presented a set of bugs I discovered in various browser plug-ins. Independently, these bugs are pretty lame. However, if we chain the bugs together, we get something that's actually pretty interesting. If you're interested in taking a look at the slides, you can find them here (PPTPLEX format) or on the RuxCon/Baythreat websites. The vuln chaining is a little difficult to visualize by looking at the slides, so at the end of my talk I gave a live demo of the bugs being chained together. For those who were unable to attend my talk live, I've created a video to help understand how the exploit would be pulled off (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMFVVNE8ytQ). It will help to go over the slides first, then watch the video.
Most of the relevant code is available in the slide deck (its really simple). There are around 5 different bugs in play here, involving a variety of vendors. All the vendors involved have been contacted. The oldest bug here is over a year old, the youngest is about five months old. Kudos to Adobe. Adobe X has changed its caching behavior, so this specific attack cannot be used against Adobe X users.
I'm not sure where the blame lies for fixing these issues. On one hand, if a single vendor addresses their portion of the attack, the entire chain of vulnerabilities is broken. On the other hand, if only one vendor addresses their issue, all we have to do is find some other software/plugin that buys us the same capability and its game on again.
I hope someone finds the presentation useful. Happy hunting.
Monday, October 18th, 2010
PDF RCE et al. (CVE-2010-3625, CVE-2010-0191, CVE-2010-0045)
A few weeks ago, Adobe released an advisory for a ton of Acrobat Reader bugs. Buried in the long list of Acrobat Reader bugs was a patch for a vulnerability I reported to Adobe. Taking a look at the entry in the advisory, we see the following description:
This update resolves a prefix protocol handler vulnerability that could lead to code execution
What's interesting is many months ago (in April 2010), Adobe released a similar patch for a different bug I had reported to them. The description from April's advisory is as follows:
This update resolves a prefix protocol handler vulnerability that could lead to code execution
Going back even further, there is an Apple advisory that has a bug with a description similar to the Adobe advisories:
Description: An issue in Safari's handling of external URL schemes may cause a local file to be opened in response to a URL encountered on a web page. Visiting a maliciously crafted website may lead to arbitrary code execution.
I'll walk you through the latest PDF bug, but the symptoms for all the bugs are very similar. As you know, PDF Reader supports the use of JavaScript. One of the JavaScript APIs supported by Acobat Reader (>7.0) is app.launchURL(). app.launchURL() takes two parameters, the URL to be opened and a flag that specifies whether the URL should be opened in a new window. Typical usage of app.launchURL() looks something like this:
app.lauchURL("http://www.google.com" , false);
Simple enough. Naturally, when a string that looks like URI is encountered one of the first things that's attempted is to point the URI value to a file:// location and observe whether the local file is opened. In this case, access to file:// is blocked by Adobe reader. Next up are arbitrary protocol handlers. Tests for mailto://, foo://, bar:// all work, however JavaScript:// seems to be blocked. This feels like a protocol handler blacklist. I think there was a SouthPark episode about using blacklists last year…
There is a simple way to bypass most protocol handler blacklists. This bypass was the key to CVE-2010-3625, CVE-2010-0191, and CVE-2010-0045. The trick is to simply append a "URL:" prefix protocol handler to your URI. You can test this by opening Internet Explorer (IE8 on Win7) and typing "url:javascript:alert(1)". I must give credz where credz are due. I first learned of this prefix protocol handler when looking at the source code for HTMLer (which is a port of MangleMe).
With the prefix protocol handler in hand, we're all set to bypass the protocol handler blacklist:
app.launchURL("url:file://c:/windows/system32/calc.exe", true);
There is some weird shell behavior here (which I won't get into), but the key pieces are (as far as this bug is concerned): the url: prefix protocol handler and setting the "New Window" flag to true. A link to a simple PoC is provided below. This bug worked on Win7 with no prompts. For some users, this bug will not work if IE is already running (must be launched from a browser other than IE). For users without Adobe's April patch, this bug should work on all browsers in most configurations.
There you go, a simple yet effective way to bypass a protocol handler blacklist. I hope that knowledge of this prefix protocol handler provides that missing piece you needed. Happy hunting.
Monday, September 27th, 2010
Turning the Tables – Part I
Boom… I've just taken over a Zeus C&C. I fire up a second, clean VM just to verify… yup it works. Ok, now what?
A while back, I came across a kit for setting up a Zeus botnet. It was an interesting package. Looking at the C&C, bot builder, the actual bot, and user manual was pretty cool (yes, it comes with a user manual). You have to admire the some of the tricks used by the bot, these guys are clever. I set up a mini-botnet on a testing network and began to examine how the botnet worked. Eventually, I came across some bugs (even a blind squirrel finds a nut every once in a while). There are some fascinating things to consider when finding bugs in software that is used primarily by criminals, but I won't bore you with that now. Instead I'd like to share with you some of the more interesting parts of my research.
Before I proceed, there are a few things I'd like to state:
- This research was done on my own time on my own equipment. The thoughts on my blog are my own.
- Disclosure of this issue is a bit tricky. I'll cover some of the issues I came across in a future post.
- I'm releasing the details of my work because I felt it was important for the public to have this knowledge to better defend their networks.
- All the work presented here is for academic and research purposes only.
In the spirit of responsible disclosure I contacted firstname.lastname@example.com and informed them that I may have discovered a security issue with their C&C server software. The Zeus.com team informed me that they were a cloud service provider and didn't have C&C software. Zeus.com then proceeded to spam me with advertisements for their latest products. I then contacted firstname.lastname@example.com but received no response. Botnets-r-us.ru then proceeded to spam me with Viagra ads and executables for me to download. With no other alternative and an email inbox full of spam, I have no choice but to provide full disclosure of the vulnerability to the public.
Taking a look at the documentation that accompanies the Zeus package, I see change log indicates that I'm working with a recent version of Zeus (likely released earlier this year).
Examining the source code from the C&C confirms that I'm working with version 188.8.131.52, which was released on January 15th of this year.
I haven't tested this exploit against newer versions of the C&C, but this post should provide everything you need to check yourself. If you do happen to have a newer version of the C&C code (or kits from other botnets), please contact me (xssniper -at- gmail) I'd love to have a look. I looked on the Internetz to see if someone else had discovered this, but I found nothing. If this bug was previously disclosed and I failed to credit you, please let me know (I don't follow the bot scene very closely).
The C&C software has a PHP based web application that provides a control panel for botmasters and also serves as a gateway for bot communication. There are several websites that have described the C&C so I won't spend much time on that here, but I do feel it's important to touch on a few things. When the C&C web application is installed, very little attack surface is exposed to unauthenticated users. The two most interesting pages available to unauthenticated users are the login page and the gateway. By default, the login page is located at /cp.php. By default, the gateway is located at /gate.php. Some botmasters rename the gate.php file, however if you've managed to capture a live Zeus bot it will phone home to a php file. The php file that the bot phones home to is the gateway (gate.php). For clarity, let's assume the gateway is at /gate.php (the default). The gateway will only respond to requests from bots. For example, if you point your browser to /gate.php, you'll get a blank page back:
Luckily, we have both bot samples and the source for the C&C, allowing us to reverse the protocol needed for communication to the gateway. Let's walk through a couple key pieces of the gate.php source. First, the gateway requires a POST request.
if(@$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] !== 'POST')die();
If the gateway receives a POST request, it grabs the POST body, performs some basic validation, and then decrypts the data using the RC4 algorithm.
$data = @file_get_contents('php://input');
$data_size = @strlen($data);
if($data_size < HEADER_SIZE + ITEM_HEADER_SIZE)die();
$data = RC4($data, BOTNET_CRYPTKEY);
This is not a typical POST request with POST parameters in the body. Instead, this POST request contains a binary blob as its POST body (there are no POST parameter names). The last line in the code snippet provided above mentions RC4 and a PHP constant named BOTNET_CRYPTKEY. In case you're wondering, the RC4 key (BOTNET_CRYPTKEY) is set by the botmaster when setting up the C&C and is stored server side (in the /system/config.php file). As RC4 is a symmetric algorithm, the bot must also have a representation of the key. The key is embedded into the bot (supplied via configuration file). So once you have captured a live bot, you'll be able to extract the RC4 key. The key can be extracted from memory or if you are able to decrypt the config.bin file, you'll see the key passed as part of the configuration for the bot. If you're interested in doing this, check out threatexpert.com. Worst case, you can try brute forcing the key.
Once the data is decrypted, the gateway does a quick sanity check.
if(strcmp(md5(substr($data, HEADER_SIZE), true), substr($data, HEADER_MD5, 16)) !== 0)die();
and proceeds to unpack the data if the sanity check turns out ok
$list = array();
for($i = HEADER_SIZE; $i < $data_size;)
$k = @unpack('L4′, @substr($data, $i, ITEM_HEADER_SIZE));
$list[$k[1]] = @substr($data, $i + ITEM_HEADER_SIZE, $k[3]);
$i += (ITEM_HEADER_SIZE + $k[3]);
Once the data is unpacked, we will have an array ($list[]) populated with various configuration and log data being passed from the bot to the C&C. Using what we've discovered thus far, we can create a fake bot that is capable of communicating with the C&C. Depending on the values held in the $list array, the gateway executes various functions. One of the functions I found interesting was this:
else if(!empty($list[SBCID_BOTLOG]) && !empty($list[SBCID_BOTLOG_TYPE]))
$type = ToInt($list[SBCID_BOTLOG_TYPE]);
if($type == BLT_FILE)
//Расширения, которые представляют возможность удаленного запуска.
$bad_exts = array('.php3′, '.php4′, '.php5′, '.php', '.asp', '.aspx', '.exe', '.pl', '.cgi', '.cmd', '.bat', '.phtml');
$fd_hash = 0;
$fd_size = strlen($list[SBCID_BOTLOG]);
//Формируем имя файла.
if(IsHackNameForPath($bot_id) || IsHackNameForPath($botnet))die();
$file_root = REPORTS_PATH.'/files/'.urlencode($botnet).'/'.urlencode($bot_id);
$file_path = $file_root;
$last_name = ";
$l = explode('/', (isset($list[SBCID_PATH_DEST]) && strlen($list[SBCID_PATH_DEST]) > 0 ? str_replace('\\', '/', $list[SBCID_PATH_DEST]) : 'unknown'));
foreach($l as &$k)
$file_path .= '/'.($last_name = urlencode($k));
if(strlen($last_name) === 0)$file_path .= '/unknown.dat';
//Проверяем расширении, и указываем маску файла.
if(($ext = strrchr($last_name, '.')) === false || in_array(strtolower($ext), $bad_exts) !== false)$file_path .= '.dat';
$ext_pos = strrpos($file_path, '.');
//FIXME: Если имя слишком большое.
if(strlen($file_path) > 180)$file_path = $file_root.'/longname.dat';
//Добавляем файл.
for($i = 0; $i < 9999; $i++)
if($i == 0)$f = $file_path;
else $f = substr_replace($file_path, '('.$i.').', $ext_pos, 1);
if($fd_size == filesize($f))
if($fd_hash === 0)$fd_hash = md5($list[SBCID_BOTLOG], true);
if(strcmp(md5_file($f, true), $fd_hash) === 0)break;
if(!CreateDir(dirname($file_path)) || !($h = fopen($f, 'wb')))die();
flock($h, LOCK_EX);
fwrite($h, $list[SBCID_BOTLOG]);
flock($h, LOCK_UN);
A quick look at the function above shows that if $list[SBCID_BOTLOG] and $list[SBCID_BOTLOG_TYPE] are set to the correct values, we can trick the C&C into thinking we have a bot that needs to upload a logfile. Before the C&C accepts our supplied logfile, it first attempts some validation by checking to see if the file extension we're providing is in a blacklist of "bad extensions" and whether the filepath supplied is "IsHackNameForPath" (a custom validation routine written by the C&C author).
$bad_exts = array('.php3′, '.php4′, '.php5′, '.php', '.asp', '.aspx', '.exe', '.pl', '.cgi', '.cmd', '.bat', '.phtml');
if(($ext = strrchr($last_name, '.')) === false || in_array(strtolower($ext), $bad_exts) !== false)$file_path .= '.dat';
//Формируем имя файла.
if(IsHackNameForPath($bot_id) || IsHackNameForPath($botnet))die();
We know the web server supports PHP because the C&C web management console is written in PHP. If we can pretend like we're a bot, convince the C&C that we have a "BOTLOG" that needs to be uploaded, and instead of uploading a "BOTLOG" we upload a PHP file with our PHP content, we could have arbitrary code execution on the C&C. It seems the C&C code protects against this attack… or does it? Unfortunately for the botmaster, the PHP interpreter is very liberal on extensions. Some examples of the quirky extension madness associated with PHP can be found on slide 23 in this presentation (given by Kuza55 at CCC 2007). In this case, I want to upload a PHP file to both IIS and Apache (the supported platforms for the C&C) so I use the trailing dot trick. All I have to do is append a trailing period to the end of the .php extension (.php.), and I can bypass the extension check yet have the file contents run by the PHP interpreter. Once the extension check is bypassed, the value I supplied for $list[SBCID_BOTLOG] is written as content to the file I specified on the webserver. Now I just have to guess where my PHP file was written. This line of PHP in the gateway source gives us a clue.
$file_root = REPORTS_PATH.'/files/'.urlencode($botnet).'/'.urlencode($bot_id);
The default location for the BOT LOG is: C&C-webroot\_reports\files\<Name of the botnet>\<Bot ID>\
I also control (via values passed from my fake bot to the C&C) the two subdirectory names (in this example: "BKs_BOTNET" for <Name of the botnet> and "BK_PWNZ_UR_CnC" for <Bot ID>). If the botmaster is using a default install and hasn't relocated the _reports folder, we should be able to simply guess where our PHP file was written to (/_reports/files/BKs_BOTNET/BK_PWNZ_UR_CnC/pwnd.php).
If the botmaster was smart and relocated the _reports folder, guessing where the uploaded PHP file becomes more difficult. We can take all the guesswork out by using some directory traversal tricks and planting the PHP file directly into the webroot.
Boom… we've just taken over a Zeus C&C. Once we have our own PHP code running on the C&C, we can include the /system/config.php file. Config.php contains the location of the MySQL database as well as the DB username and password (via connection string), giving us complete control over the management console and all the bots associated with this C&C.
For those interested in "studying" this vulnerability, I've put together a Proof of Concept. All you have to do is provide the location of the gateway (provided by the bot), the RC4 key (provided by the bot), and the PHP code that you want to upload.


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More reviews by squirrelXetiquette
I rarely ever, ever use shaving cream for ladies. I have used barbasol for years & love it! It leaves my legs smoothe & soft and gives me a nice close shave. The best part? Super dupes cheap! Super fab!!
I ran out of my usual shaving cream and saw my hubby's Barbasol shaving cream in the shower. I figured it couldn't hurt to use some. I ended up loving it. It gave me a closer shave, spread very easily, and didn't gunk up my razor. It rinsed clean and didn't make me itchy. It does have a manly scent but it doesn't linger that long so I don't have to worry about it clashing with my fragrances. Plus it's very cheap. Hubby requested that I get my own can and I don't blame him. I use a little more than him (he only applies to his face), so I go through a can quicker than he does. I can sometimes find a small can of this in the travel section of Target or CVS if you want to try it.
I actually prefer to use men's shaving cream from Barbasol, & I've been using it for years. It gives a smoother, closer shave, without any irritation. It's cheap, & the can lasts me a long time. It's a nice, thick shaving cream & I rarely get any cuts. I would highly reccommend this shaving cream. I've pretty much used all of the Barbasol shaving creams, & I would reccommend any of them. They're all great shaving creams. The can does rust, so try not to leave it on the ledge of the bathtub. Other than that, this is perfect.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
My husband introduced me to this shaving cream, as it's been what he's used always, so I gave it a try. Wow! This is by far the best shaving cream I've ever used on my sensitive skin! My hair is very coarse on my legs, and paired with sensitive skin, shaving has always given me ugly bumps or the smoothness just goes away so fast. Not so with Barbasol Soothing Aloe shaving cream...it actually has pure Aloe in it's ingredients, not merely the extract. I can get a smooth, perfect shave with this shaving cream, regardless of which razor I use. I get better shaves now with a 2 blade disposable razor paired with this shaving cream than I have with all other more expensive razors and more expensive shaving creams. I highly recommend this!
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Who do you think looks best today? (5 photos)
The best street style from London Fashion Week: http://ow.ly/p48HS via @StyleCaster
"We took the Armani top that she was wearing in the courtroom scene and paired it with the Donna Karan sleeveless draped cardigan," Paolo said of Olivia's look in her apartment with Jake (Scott Foley). "She's not completely comfortable around Jake, so we didn't want her in pajamas. She also left her necklace on for this scene, which she never does when she's at home - subtle hints of her discomfort."Read MoreLess


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OPEN DAILY 9 a.m. - 4 p.m.
Bama Trivia...
on this day
Howard Schnellenberger is hired as end coach, one of two vacancies filled this week. Earlier, Paul Bryant had announced the employment of Elwood Kettler. The two new coaches replace Jerry Claiborne, the new head coach at Virginia Tech, and Bob Ford, the new defensive line coach at Georgia.
Bryant Centennial
Visit the Museum Shop
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That is so cute.
My nick-name has been "Mouse" since I was a kid. I'd have loved to have that. Maybe not on the wedding cake, but as an anniversary gift or something. And because the Lord of the Manor has spent a lot of time slaying dragons (and spiders!) the trident would really come in handy.
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Your environment is changing faster than ever. At the Johnson Center we believe learning curves shouldn't get in the way of your community impact. In order to streamline all our resources and tools available to your organization we are moving our site to johnsoncenter.org. On the new site you will be able to access all that we have here at cridata.org just in a new way with access to even more resources.
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Estimate of Charitable Giving in Kent County, Mich., for 2011
Each year, the Johnson Center for Philanthropy estimates the total amount of charitable giving in Kent County, Mich., using multiple sources of data from the most recent year for which adequate data are available. The estimates given in this data brief are for the year 2011. Separate estimates are given for the amount donated from four sources: individuals, bequests/estates, foundations, and corporations. The annual Giving USA report is the source of national comparison data. Dollar amounts have not been adjusted for inflation.
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The first phase of the CRI Community Profiles 2.0 aims to build upon CRI's existing work in housing and economics within the City of Grand Rapids and to further the development and use of neighborhood information and data systems in local policymaking and community building.
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A neighborhood initiative, Believe 2 Become is a community effort designed to help children succeed in work, school, and life by recognizing their unlimited potential, having great expectations, and finding real opportunities for every child to realize his or her dreams. This effort is in partnership with Grand Rapids Public Schools, Grand Rapids Student Advancement Foundation, dozens of community-based and faith-based organizations and the Douglas and Maria DeVos Foundation.
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Michigan Historical Residential Foreclosure Data Project
The purpose of the effort is to provide communities throughout the state of Michigan with meaningful historical residential foreclosure-related data that gives them a clear picture of the genesis of the crisis and its impact over time both at the state and county level.
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Real Estate Owned Foreclosed Homes: Preliminary Report
To further understand the effect of foreclosed homes on local housing dynamics, CRI was commissioned to examine Real Estate Owned properties throughout Kent County & Grand Rapids.
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- Picture More - http://blog.shutterfly.com -
New Shutterfly photo gifts
Posted By Leah H On September 24, 2010 @ 7:00 am In Family | 4 Comments
After a recent trip to visit family in Arkansas, I realized that I take a lot of pictures and don't really show them off. All of my family members have tons of pictures hanging on their walls and I have a long way to go to catch up with them. Now with the launch of some new products, there are solutions that will help display my photography, and I hope they'll be as useful for you too!
My name is Leah Hefner and one of the loves of my life is to bring you fresh and inspiring designs for cards, stationery, photo books, calendars [1], and now…photo gifts [2]! It's with great pleasure that I announce we've completely redesigned our photo gifts and are excited to offer you thousands of new designs for your home.
Whether you're looking for a new way to show off your photography in your home, or a mug [3] or mouse pads [4] to gift to your friends or family, we have a design for you. One of my favorite things about shopping for these products is that our engineers and user experience team have created a 3D render of the products you create. This means that you can see your creation from multiple different angles and you will know exactly how they'll look when you order them. Pretty amazing stuff!
Our Home Décor [5] offering includes canvas wall art, mounted wall art and desk top plaques that can be as small as 5×5 inches or as large as 24×36 inches. Each of these products has a wide range of solid color and designed backgrounds you can choose from, along with hundreds of layouts to show off your photography. All of these choices lead to thousands of different possibilities and the perfect addition to your home. My personal favorites are the stripes and polka dots backgrounds (perfect for the little boy or girl in your life) and the World Travel background, which is perfect for showing off those travel pictures you took of this year's vacation.
Our mugs and mouse pads also got a complete overhaul and I'm proud to offer these new designs to you. My personal favorites are the "I Heart" series of mugs. These make the perfect gifts because they combine clean, fun, modern design and your wonderful photography. I've already made an "I Heart Mom" and "I Heart Dad" mug with pictures of my siblings and can't wait to send them to my parents.
This was a wonderful project to design for and I can't wait to see what you think about them. Thanks again for giving me the opportunity to create with you.
Article printed from Picture More: http://blog.shutterfly.com
URL to article: http://blog.shutterfly.com/5113/new-shutterfly-photo-gifts/
URLs in this post:
[1] calendars: http://www.shutterfly.com/calendars
[2] photo gifts: http://www.shutterfly.com/photo-gifts
[3] mug: http://www.shutterfly.com/photo-gifts/photo-mugs
[4] mouse pads: http://www.shutterfly.com/photo-gifts/mouse-pads
[5] Home Décor: http://www.shutterfly.com/home-decor
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2009 Picture This. All rights reserved. Please recycle.


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Item: IM1QX5458 Model: IFZ-AU-KIT-BLK
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[479] Atypical Ductal Epithelial Cells in Nipple Discharge: A Cyto-Histologic Correlation from a Series of 169 Cases
K Watts, S Dolar, D Sabo, J Shorie, D Weber, B Papouchado. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland
Background: Nipple discharge is commonly associated with benign breast lesions; however, approximately 11% of cases are caused by malignancy. Cytological examination provides a quick and non-invasive method to evaluate patients with nipple discharge. The purpose of this study was to analyze our experience with atypical ductal epithelial cells (ADEC) in nipple discharge specimens in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.
Design: Nipple discharge smears performed at our institution between 1990 and 2008 were retrieved from the archives of Cytopathology. Cytology findings were categorized as mildly ADEC, moderately ADEC, and severely ADEC suspicious for malignancy. The presence of blood was recorded on smears with mild or moderate ADEC. Follow-up in the form of surgical pathology was evaluated in all cases.
Results: 287 smears (16%) in a series of 1825 nipple discharge specimens contained ADEC over the last 18 years. Histological correlation was available in 169 cases (59%). The patients' ages ranged from 18 to 95 years old (mean age: 54) and 167 were females. Mildly ADEC were seen in 54 cases (32%), moderately ADEC in 99 cases (59%), and severely ADEC suspicious for malignancy in 16 cases (9%). Overall, of the total 169 nipple discharge specimens with ADEC, 121 cases (72%) had benign breast conditions (papilloma or fibrocystic change [FCC]) and 48 cases (28%) had carcinoma (in-situ or invasive). Of the 54 cases with mildly ADEC, 42 had benign lesions (78%; 29 papilloma, 13 FCC) and 12 had carcinoma (22%; 9 in-situ, 3 invasive). Of the 99 cases with moderately ADEC, 71 showed benign conditions (72%; 43 papilloma, 28 FCC) and 28 had carcinoma (28%; 19 in-situ, 9 invasive). Finally, of the 16 cases with severely ADEC suspicious for malignancy, 8 showed benign lesions (50%; 4 papilloma, 4 FCC) and 8 had carcinoma (50%; 4 in-situ, 4 invasive). The two male patients had papilloma and gynecomastia. A bloody background was noted in 2 smears with mildly ADEC (both had in-situ carcinoma) and 17 smears with moderately ADEC (10 had papilloma or FCC and 7 in-situ carcinoma).
Conclusions: Our experience revealed a papilloma or FCC rate of 72% and a carcinoma rate of 28% when ADEC are seen on nipple discharge smears. Our study shows that even when the atypia is considered mild, the rate of having a carcinoma is significant. Our study also shows that the presence of blood is associated with an increased rate of malignancy since 9 of 19 cases with mild/moderate ADEC and blood had a carcinoma (47%).
Category: Cytopathology
Wednesday, March 24, 2010 1:00 PM
Poster Session VI # 67, Wednesday Afternoon


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drop shoulder coat
by BAND OF OUTSIDERS
Scott Sternberg launched Band of Outsiders in 2004, designing re-contextualized vintage inspired looks with hand-sewn seams and shrunken proportions. The brand's overall look is one of sharply cut dress shirts and slim-fitting tailored suits and knits with a boyish appeal. The quality of the clothes is impeccable, with each tailored piece of the collection handmade at Martin Greenfield Clothiers, a 100-year-old tailoring company in Brooklyn, New York. The brand's preppy, classics-with-a twist can be worn dressed up or laid back and causal.
Back To Product
View All From This Designer
was $745.00
Women's Size Chart
Product Details
Slightly oversized wool coat detailed with a notched lapel collar & dropped shoulders with twill trim. Double breasted front with leather buttons, two slash pockets at sides and inset elastic rib cuffs.
• 70% wool, 30% polyester
• dry clean only
• made in Italy
• model wears size 1
• model's height: 5'9.5", bust: 32", waist: 23", hip: 33"
In this look: Band of Outsiders Pointelle Easy Sweater, Band of Outsiders Saddle Shoe Black Fur


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University of Florida is under severe budget cuts, around 30% this year, so I can almost understand needing to gut its entire Computer Science department:
The University of Florida announced this past week that it was dropping its computer science department, which will allow it to save about $1.7 million. The school is eliminating all funding for teaching assistants in computer science, cutting the graduate and research programs entirely, and moving the tattered remnants into other departments.
Total savings: $1.7m, which is almost enough to pay for … the increase in the athletics budget:
Meanwhile, the athletic budget for the current year is $99 million, an increase of more than $2 million from last year. The increase alone would more than offset the savings supposedly gained by cutting computer science.


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Assemblyman Andrew Hevesi (D-Forest Hills), like others, is waiting to see how Gov. Cuomo's plan to build the nation's largest convention center in Queens will unfold.
But speaking at a meeting of Community Board 5 on Jan. 11, Hevesi said he is troubled by the process Cuomo chose, limiting the development to Genting Americas, which operates the recently opened casino nearby at Aqueduct Race Track.
"The city doesn't give out sole-bid contracts and the state doesn't either, usually," he said. "Why did we do it here? Why Genting? Did the governor get a deal?"
He did not address the legality of the move. Cuomo's office did not return calls.
Hevesi also questions whether or not the governor, a fellow Democrat, did his homework before throwing the weight of his office behind a convention center as a panacea for the state's economic ills.
"Convention centers nationally are not making the money that they did a few years ago," he said. "There's been a drop-off."
In his State of the State address on Jan. 4, the governor said he wants to "build the biggest convention center in the nation, period" at Aqueduct to replace the Javits Convention Center in Manhattan.
He also wants to amend the state constitution to allow full casino gambling which already exists in neighboring states and tribal casinos throughout New York.
Genting, which operates the Resorts World Casino at Aqueduct, has proposed spending $4 billion for a four-million-square-foot convention center that would include 3,000 hotel rooms.
In response to a question from the audience, Hevesi agreed that traffic also could become an issue in the Kew Gardens-Forest Hills area, with Queens Boulevard likely to feel at least residual effects from increased traffic to and from a convention center or an expanded casino.
He also acknowledged a convention center would force the question of whether or not to restore train service — and if so to what extent — along the old Long Island Rail Road Rockaway Beach line to the fore.
The assemblyman said it might be a prudent enterprise, but that it could cost $800 million or more. He also cited efforts to turn the line into a greenway linking Ozone Park and Rego Park and noted that some residents along the rail line want it kept exactly as it is.
Fielding questions about redistricting, Hevesi said a proposal to create a new Senate district is the Senate Republicans' plan to retain their majority in that house in the wake of the new law that counts prisoners housed upstate in the population figures for the prisoners' home areas.
The resulting population shifts mean larger numbers for New York City and smaller ones for upstate in terms of everything from representation to allocations of state spending [see "GOP wants new Senate seat," Jan. 12, at qchron.com]
Though the assemblyman is far from the only one tying the effort to the prisoner recalculation, Hevesi said the move makes perfect sense — from a GOP viewpoint.
"The prisoner recount hurt them upstate and helped us," he said. Hevesi also said he supports an independent redistricting commission.
"But I don't know how this will play out," he said, given the Legislature's taste for gerrymandering its districts for political advantage.
He said Forest Hills, which he represents, is a prime example of how communities are divided by the practice.
"Forest Hills has four state senators, this small neighborhood," he said, referring to Joe Addabbo Jr. (D-Howard Beach), Toby Ann Stavisky (D-Flushing), Malcolm Smith (D-Hollis) and Shirley Huntley (D-Jamaica).


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Quoted from mortless This poll is not dead yet, ha?
Quoted from mortless Almost 60% non secretors after 22 voted. Interesting, indeed Seemes like Non-secretors may have more diet related issues in general. What do you think?
Quoted from ruthiegirl For example, a type O might stumble upon low-carb dieting, cut out or down on wheat, potatoes, and corn by default, and see great health results. That individual would stop looking for a better diet, and won't be posting in this poll.
Quoted from ruthiegirl A healthy secretor with no obvious reactions to their curent diet isn't likely to find BTD.
Quoted from O in Virginia Non-secretor issues could be what brings many of them to sites like this, looking for help and answers. Non-secretors have their antennae up on extra-alert?
Quoted from Mototime I still think that the saliva secretor test is not very accurate to say the least. This poll would tend to also indicate that as well. Try and justify it how you want but everyone I know that I have turned on to the blood type diet and have taken the saliva test have come back as NON-secretors. Both family members and non family members. Too coincidental if you ask me. I think it should be looked into furthur and having read all of Dr. D's works I know that he wouldn't want it any other way.
Quoted from zenphoenix I think Lola may be on to something about the distance / time issue.
Quoted from D.L. Purlgirl - How would you find out if you are A2? My dad is half Swedish and my mom was 1/5 Irish.


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County commissioners in a county of the second class may not under existing statutes allocate a portion of their salaries from the county road fund or from tax mills earmarked for county roads.
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December 19, 1963
Honorable C. W. "Red" BeckState Representative, 23rd DistrictRoute 5, Box 15Port Orchard, Washington
Cite as: AGO 63-64 No. 76
Dear Sir:
By letter previously acknowledged you have requested the opinion of this office on a question which we paraphrase as follows:
Is it legally permissible for the county commissioners in Kitsap county, a county of the second class, to allocate a portion of their salaries from the county road fund or from tax mills earmarked for county roads?
We answer your question in the negative.
In your letter you indicate that a substantial portion of the time of the county commissioners is devoted to supervision of roads. You note that the road fund in some counties is in much better financial condition that the general fund. Therefore, you suggest, it could provide the general fund with some relief if part of the county commissioners' salaries could be paid from this fund.
Boards of county commissioners have only such powers as have been granted to them expressly or by implication by the constitution and statutes of the state. Sasse v. King County, 196 Wash. 242, 82 P.2d 536 (1938). The powers and duties of county commissioners with respect to county roads are found both among those provisions relating to their powers and duties generally and among those provisions of the revised code applying particularly to county roads. RCW 36.32.120 provides in general that the county commissioners shall:
[[Orig. Op. Page 2]]
". . .
"(2) Lay out, discontinue, or alter county roads and highways within their respective counties, and do all other necessary acts relating thereto according to law, except within cities and towns. . . ."
RCW 36.32.320, applicable to certain classes of counties only, provides as follows:
"Each member of the board of county commissioners, in counties of the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth classes, in addition to his duties as a member of the board of county commissioners and as ex officio road commissioner of the several road districts in his commissioner's district, shall oversee the construction and maintenance of all county and district roads and bridges in his commissioner district, and for time actually spent in the performance of such duties as overseer, he shall be entitled to compensation at the rate of ten dollars per diem: Provided, That as such compensation for overseeing the construction and maintenance of roads and bridges in his commissioner district he shall not receive more than one thousand two hundred dollars per year. All claims for such compensation must be approved by a majority of the board of county commissioners and the superior court as in other cases of extra compensation." (Emphasis supplied.)
RCW 36.75.020, found among the statutes relating specifically to county roads, provides as follows:
"All of the county roads in each of the several counties shall be established, laid out, constructed, altered, repaired, improved, and maintained by the board of county commissioners of the respective counties as agents of the state."
RCW 36.75.040, which is similar to RCW 36.32.100 (2), provides further general powers and duties of county commissioners with respect to county road administration. RCW 36.75.050, which is pertinent to this discussion, provides as follows:
"The powers and duties vested in or imposed upon [[Orig. Op. Page 3]] the boards with respect to establishing, examining, surveying, constructing, altering, repairing, improving, and maintaining county roads, shall be exercised under the supervision and direction of the county road engineer.
"The board shall by resolution, and not otherwise, order the survey, establishment, construction, alteration, or improvement of county roads; the county road engineer shall prepare all necessary maps, plans, and specifications therefor, showing the right of way widths, the alignments, gradients, and standards of construction."
With regard to salaries of county officers, RCW 36.17.010 provides in general terms as follows:
"The county officers of the counties of this state, according to their class, shall receive a salary for the services required of them by law, or by virtue of their office, which salary shall be full compensation for all services of every kind and description rendered by them."
The board of county commissioners in a county of the fifth or higher class cannot receive extra compensation for services performed as road overseers. RCW 36.32.320,supra. See, also, the opinion of this office to the prosecuting attorney of Thurston county dated October 23, 1943. (informal). In addition to their salaries, however, all county commissioners are entitled to be reimbursed for their expenses incurred in the performance of official duties. RCW 36.17.030. Special provision is made for reimbursement of expenses of county commissioners incurred as road commissioners. RCW 36.32.310.
As to the source of payment, the ordinary expenses of county government, including the salaries of county officers, are payable from the current expense fund (originally called the general fund) unless other legislative provision is made. See, AGO 1899-1900, p. 87, to the prosecuting attorney of Yakima county, dated August 24, 1899; 15 McQuillin, Municipal Corporations, (3rd ed.) §§ 39.45 and 41.24.
RCW 36.33.010 establishes the current expense fund as follows:
"Every county shall maintain a current expense fund to which shall be credited all taxes levied for that purpose and all fees collected, fines assessed, and forfeitures adjudged in the county [[Orig. Op. Page 4]] the proceeds of which have not been specifically allocated to any other purpose."
In addition, the legislature originally established a salary fund for all counties by § 36, Laws of 1890 (p. 314). That act expressly required supplementation of any deficiency in the salary fund from the current expense fund. However, this salary fund was apparently abolished by the language of a proviso in § 62, chapter 71, Laws of 1897, and as a result this office concluded in AGO 1897-1898, p. 266, that the salaries of county officers were to come thenceforth from the county current expense fund.
Notwithstanding § 62, chapter 71, Laws of 1897, supra, however, the original statutory language relating to the salary fund was retained in the various codifications, including the Revised Code of Washington, until finally expressly repealed by § 2, chapter 273, Laws of 1961. With this express repeal, however, it is now clear that in other than Class AA, A and first class counties1/ there is no longer any provision for a separate salary fund.
From this we deem the intent of the legislature to be that the salaries of county officers should be paid from the current expense fund in the absence of other special provision. This conclusion is strengthened by reference to the language of § 36, Laws of 1890 (p. 314),supra, providing for deficiencies in the salary fund to be charged to current expense.
We have not overlooked the possible application of RCW 43.09.210 which provides as follows:
"Separate accounts shall be kept for every appropriation or fund of a taxing or legislative body showing date and manner of each payment made therefrom, the name, address, and vocation of each person, organization, corporation, or association to whom paid, and for what purpose paid.
"Separate accounts shall be kept for each department, public improvement, undertaking, institution, and public service industry under the jurisdiction of every taxing body.
[[Orig. Op. Page 5]]
"All service rendered by, or property transferred from, one department, public improvement, undertaking, institution, or public service industry to another, shall be paid for at its true and full value by the department, public improvement, undertaking, institution, or public service industry receiving the same, and no department, public improvement, undertaking, institution, or public service industry shall benefit in any financial manner whatever by an appropriation or fund made for the support of another.
"All unexpended balances of appropriations shall be transferred to the fund from which appropriated, whenever the account with an appropriation is closed."
As to any particular expenses, especially identifiable and chargeable to the county road program, this statute would undoubtedly permit payment out of the county road fund. The purpose of the road fund is expressed in RCW 36.82.070, as follows:
"Any money paid to any county from the motor vehicle fund may be used for the construction, alteration, repair, improvement, or maintenance of county roads and bridges thereon and for wharves necessary for ferriage of motor vehicle traffic, and for ferries, and for the acquiring, operating, and maintaining of machinery, equipment, quarries, or pits for the extraction of materials, and for the cost of establishing county roads, acquiring rights of way therefor, and expenses for the operation of the county engineering office,and for any other proper county road purpose. Such expenditure may be made either independently or in conjunction with the state or any city, town, or tax district within the county." (Emphasis supplied.)
A further limitation is expressed in RCW 36.82.020 as follows:
"Any funds accruing to and to be deposited in the county road fund arising from any levy in any road district shall be expended for proper county road purposes entirely within the limits of the road district from which the same was or [[Orig. Op. Page 6]] is collected: Provided, That nothing in this section shall prevent the loan or rental of equipment by one road district to another road district in the county."
This office has concluded, in previous opinions, that in those counties in which per diem payment is authorized for county commissioners as road supervisors, such per diem, as well as traveling expenses, could be paid from the county road fund. AGO 41-42, p. 64, dated November 4, 1941 [[1941-42 OAG 64 to State Association of County Commissioners]]; also, our previous informal opinion to the prosecuting attorney 1941; also, our previous informal opinion to the prosecuting attorney of San Juan county dated January 5, 1944. Other special expenses identifiable as county road expenses have been held payable out of the county road fund. See, AGO 61-62 No. 26 [[to Prosecuting Attorney, Cowlitz County on May 2, 1961]]and 61-62 No. 124 [[to Prosecuting Attorney, Island County on April 25, 1962]]. For this county road fund. See, AGO 61-62 No. 26 and 61-62 No. 124. For this reason, we would also conclude that expenses (as distinguished from per diem) of county commissioners in any of the counties incurred under RCW 36.32.310 directly in connection with services performed as ex officio road commissioners can be reimbursed out of the county road fund. As to salaries, however, the functions of county commissioners in counties of the second class are not the same as those of road overseers but are, rather, functions which should be properly classified as general county government. See, RCW 36.75.050,supra. Their services in connection with county roads are, in our opinion, not severable from any of their other duties, as in the case of commissioners of counties in the sixth through ninth classes.
There is hardly any officer of county government who does not perform some duties which touch upon the county roads or provide some benefit to the county road fund. If the general governmental function of county commissioners can be divided into parts for the purpose of allocating part of their salaries to the county road fund, then the same conclusion could be made as to the county treasurer and the county auditor and others, the result being simply a tax upon the county road fund for purposes of general government. This result, we feel, should not be reached without express legislative direction to that effect.
As to tax funds, there is a further special limitation in that taxes collected in one road district can be expended legally for road purposes only in that district. See, RCW 36.82.020,supra; also AGO 61-62 No. 124, supra.
It is our conclusion, therefore, that no portion of the salaries of county commissioners in counties of the second class may be paid from the county road fund under existing statutes.
[[Orig. Op. Page 7]]
We trust that the foregoing will be of assistance to you.
Very truly yours,
JOHN J. O'CONNELLAttorney General
ROBERT F. HAUTHAssistant Attorney General
1/There is special provision for a salary fund in these classes of counties. See, RCW 36.33.060, as amended by § 1, chapter 273, Laws of 1961.