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You can't stop the aging process, but you can slow it down. As you grow (ahem) wiser, some of the most common wrinkles that start to form are those known as "smile lines."
The truth is that smiling doesn't necessarily form wrinkles around your mouth – in fact, it can actually help prevent them. The lines that appear around the mouth might actually be "nasolabial-folds" or "marionette lines." The reduction of elastin and collagen fibers in your face can make these lines more pronounced. A Peter Thomas Roth Labs consumer study found that the nourishing compounds in one of the skin care company's products stimulates the production of collagen and reduces the appearance of these unwanted signs of a full life.
The Nasolabial-Fold
Nasolabial-folds are lines that form from the sides of your nose down to the sides of your mouth. These lines form because of sun damage, loss of muscle tone, smoking, gravity and loss of fat in this area of the face. Some cosmetic dermatologists may prescribe hyaluronic acid injections over a 9- to 12-month period to help diminish the appearance of these lines.
Marionette Lines
Marionette lines get their names from, yes, puppets because the wrinkles generally form from the corners of the mouth down to the corners of the chin. Muscle movements from frowning or pursing your lips (like when a person smokes) can cause the formation of these lines, along with sun damage, gravity, weight loss and a loss of volume in this area of the face. Doctors may also use hyaluronic acid injections to help smooth over these types of wrinkles.
A No-Needle Solution
Before your doctor reaches for a needle, give the Peter Thomas Roth Un-Wrinkle Turbo Face Serum a try. This anti-aging potion uses peptides and neuropeptides to help relax and reduce the depth of wrinkles and expression lines, as well as boost the body's natural production of collagen.
Furthermore, the new Un-Wrinkle Turbo helps prevent the formation of wrinkles, helps plump and smooth your skin and softens and refines your skin's tone and texture. In addition to helping eliminate the lines around your mouth, Un-WrinkleTurbo from Peter Thomas Roth Labs reduces the appearance of crow's feet, lines around your nose, and forehead wrinkles.
In clinical studies, participants experienced a 72 percent reduction in the size of wrinkles in just 28 days. These results beat 9-12 months of injections any day.
Go SMiLE Whitening Light: Prepare Your Smile to Shine this Summer » -
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Why Go White with GO SMiLE
The summer sun is great at showing imperfections. When your skin is sun-kissed, anything white will look brighter and anything yellow can look more pronounced. Fortunately, the Smile Whitening Light system from GO SMiLE can make your teeth up to eight shades lighter in just 30 minutes. When you keep your smile bright and looking young with one of teeth whitening systems offered by GO SMiLE, you don't have to worry about messing with complicated, messy trays or uncomfortable whitening strips that don't work. It's simpler, faster and less expensive than visiting a cosmetic dentist.
«B-Glowing Mother's Day Special: Leila Lou Perfume Bonus Gift -
A mom herself, Rosie Jane of Rosie Jane Cosmetics knows how picky mothers can be, especially when it comes to gifts. The perfect solution this Mother's Day is Leila Lou, a soft signature scent no mom can resist.
Leila Lou by Rosie Jane
Rosie Jane created the Leila Lou fragrance line in honor of her daughter because she recognized that many perfumes on the market are too strong for sensitive noses. The irresistible scent is perfect for day or night and features notes of tangerine, pear blossoms and fresh-cut grass. Leila Lou will remind any mom of the innocence and freshness of her little one (who may not be so little anymore).


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Sun, Mar 26, 06 at 10:13
There will be a rose pruning demonstration this coming Saturday, April 1st (rain date is Sunday, 4/2), at Wampum Park, Rt. 35 S, Eatontown (Monmouth County), NJ, starting at 1:00 PM, sponsored by the Jersey Shore Rose Society. The park is just south of Fort Monmouth (intersection of Rt 35 and 537; exit 105 from the Garden State Parkway). This is a no-spray rose garden. It is a "hands-on" demonstration. You'll get a chance to ask pruning questions, practice the techniques, and see how well this garden does just feet from a major highway. You do not have to be a member of the rose society to attend. Come with your questions and your pruners! |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by agardenstateof_mind 7a/b NJ (My Page) on Sun, Mar 26, 06 at 15:28
Thank you for the notice, Diane; I'll try to be there! Diane |
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subset: commoncrawl


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Silverdale Detention Facilities
Customer base: Hamilton County, Tennessee - Facility Type: Multi-Security, Managed since 1984-
7609 Standifer Gap Rd, P.O. Box 23148
Chattanooga, TN 37422
- Get Directions to this Facility
T: 423-892-0921 (See notice in Inmate Visitation and Contact Instructions)
- Capacity1062
- PopulationMale & Female
Facility Warden: Paul Jennings
Paul Jennings was named Warden at CCA's Silverdale Detention Facility in May 2008. He joined CCA in January 2007 as Assistant Warden at Silverdale Detention Facility. Prior to joining CCA, Jennings worked in the Pennsylvania County Corrections Systems and worked his way up the ranks from Correctional Officer to Warden. Paul served in the Army and as a Military Police Officer for three years. He holds a bachelor's degree in administration of criminal justice and is Certified Jail Manager through the American Jail Association.
Community Activities
Veterans of Foreign Wars; Boy Scouts of America - Cherokee Area Council; Parent Teachers Association; Widow and Widower Support Group; Lady Shriners of North America; Various Volunteer Fire Departments; Chattanooga Community Kitchen; Teen Challenge; Fellowship of Christian Peace Officers; Orange Grove Center (mentally disabled children); American Lung Association; Chattanooga Blood Assurance; St. Jude Research Hospital; Vietnam Veterans - Chapter 203; Chambliss Children's Home; Big Brother; Chattanooga Chamber of Commerce
For media inquiries please consult Marianne Fry, the Public Information Officer for this facility.
Gender: Male & Female


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Spellweb is your one-stop resource for definitions, synonyms and correct spelling for English words, such as assuming. On this page you can see how to spell assuming. Also, for some words, you can find their definitions, list of synonyms, as well as list of common misspellings.
Spell check of assuming
- Correct spelling:
- assuming
- Definition:
- Synonyms:
- acquiring (verb)
- palming, obtaining, buying, harvesting, wrangling, getting, acquiring, procuring, adding, claiming, annexing, reaping, heaping, bagging, cornering, luring, taking, accumulating, amassing, retrieving, purchasing, securing, scoring, fetching, netting, pocketing, winning, receiving, garnering, incurring, catching, landing, collecting, capturing.
- hoping (verb)
- wanting, hoping, desiring, intending, awaiting, trusting, believing, aspiring, wishing, anticipating, yearning, dreaming of, relying, presuming, expecting, contemplating.
- believing (verb)
- concluding, affirming, trusting, crediting, gathering, accepting, assenting, professing, holding, supposing, maintaining, taking for granted, presuming, understanding, believing, declaring, surmising, judging, deeming, putting faith in, giving faith.
- expecting (verb)
- presupposing, suspecting, deducing, foreboding, surmising, inferring, presuming, foreseeing, envisaging, expecting, imagining, envisioning, foreknowing, apprehending, anticipating, contemplating, awaiting, dreading, gathering.
- Other synonyms:
- assumptive, forward, presumptuous.
- Common misspellings:
- asuming (44%)
- assumming (15%)
- assumeing (10%)
- asumming (7%)
- assumng (3%)
- asumeing (2%)
- assuning (2%)
- assuing (2%)
- asssuming (1%)
- assumning (1%)
- ssuming (1%)
- assumimg (1%)
- assmuing (1%)
- assming (1%)
- Examples of usage:
Assuming always that the fishermen are willing to agree to that, is there any reason in the nature of the business why that system should not be followed there? - - "Second Shetland Truck System Report", William Guthrie.
Assuming that they have that power, is not that the effect of it? - - "Second Shetland Truck System Report", William Guthrie. - "Second Shetland Truck System Report", William Guthrie.
Assuming always that the fishermen are willing to agree to that, is there any reason in the nature of the business why that system should not be followed there?
Misspellings percentages are collected from over 14,913,252 spell check sessions on www.spellchecker.net from Jan 2010 - Jul 2012.
Discover what are words like assuming. Discover what is a synonym for assuming. Discover what is another word for assuming. Discover what is an alternative word for assuming. Discover what are more words for assuming.


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Many wondered why UPC's Olara Otunnu wore the same red and black shirt three days in a row…
Dress has been influential in the political agenda and self representation of politicians whether in democratic or authoritarian regimes, so they say.
Many African leaders have been identified and judged by the statements made in their dress code. But as Evelyn Matsamura Kiapi writes, dress is not only a maker of identity and status, it also reveals how power is represented, constituted, articulated and contested.
"You can say what you want to say but I think it's improper for Olara Otunnu, the UPC President to wear this single nice red African shirt on Saturday (during the delegates' conference), Sunday (after he'd won) and Monday when he addressed journalists. Could this be a bachelor's problem – considering he's senior here?"
That's the statement one journalist Don Wanyama wrote on his Face Book Wall that Tuesday morning. His statement triggered a lot of debate and comments on whether Otunnu was intentionally repeating the same shirt or actually had a dozen of the same print sewn for him. Nevertheless, Otunnu may now join the list of African leaders who are/have been remembered by their dress code, with some outfits even named after them:
The Mandela Shirt:
This shirt was popularised by Nelson Mandela the first South African black President. The silk shirt was given to Mandela on his birthday on July 18, 1995. It was a green, black and gold patterned shirt representing the colours of the ANC and symbolised his people's struggles for freedom in South Africa.
The shirt also symbolises characteristics of a freedom fighter and hero. The Mandela shirt –also known as the 'Madiba shirt' in South Africa - is now recognised as the former President's signature dress style. It is also associated with good leadership. The famous Presidential shirt became popular all across Africa. Local politicians like Ofwono Opondo, Eriya Kategaya and Mwesigwa Rukutana made it their daily dress.
The Kaunda Suit:
Former Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda is the man behind the signature 'Kaunda suit' which was especially popular in the 1970s and early 1980's. The first president of independent Zambia also carried a white handkerchief, a symbol of his power and humility.
Little wonder, former President Milton Obote who strongly admired Kaunda copied his dress style and even borrowed Kaunda's slogan 'One Zambia, one Nation' for his UPC chant 'One nation, one leader…'. It is also little wonder that Obote sought refuge in Zambia when he was overthrown in 1985. Lords Resistance Army rebel Chief Joseph Kony is also known to love Kaunda suits, a pair of which was seized by the UPDF in 2002.
Mobutu's leopard print:
His look was and is still distinct. Former Zaire President Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu waza Banga (meaning all-conquering warrior, who goes from triumph to triumph), was associated with one of the jungles wildest creatures – the African Leopard.
His leopard print Mao-style tunics and hat and pair of black, horn-rimmed glasses became his trademark look all through his reign of the Zaire forest. Along with his trademark Leopard skin cap, Mobutu always used a wooden walking stick featuring a carved eagle, a symbol of power that allegedly took the strength of eight normal men to carry.
Mobutu's dress sense symbolised his character as similar to a leopard's; cunning, secretive, elusive and very dangerous. A leopard does not tolerate intrusion in its own range and little wonder no one dared oust Mobutu until he was weakening in health and old age.
The Museveni look:
Our very own President Yoweri Museveni has three distinct dress codes, a trend that makes it easy to conclude that he is actually like a Chameleon – a man of different colours. His dress-code predicts his mood of the day.
If he wants to feel authoritative, he will wear the army fatigue, sometimes accessorized with an AK47. When he is in a light mood, the President will wear his casual cotton cool coloured short-sleeved shirts un tucked, in most instances complimented with a safari hat.
It is at such times that his sense of humour is high. But where presidential duty calls, the President will be clad in his designer suits and get down to business. Sometimes he wears a safari hat on a business suit! At that point it's difficult to determine whether he will make another promise to increase the health budget or military expenditure. This shows that President Museveni is a very unpredictable man.
Gaddafi's robe:
Libyan President Muammar Gaddafi is said to dress with strong personal style. His floor length robes, embroidered tunic and traditional cloth hat however, speak volumes about his character, ambitions and dreams.
They are similar to the ones worn by Julius Caesar, great conqueror of the Roman Empire. Gaddafi dreams of an African Union with him as King of Kings; he is also obsessed with an idea of a United States of Africa with him as Emperor.
The Libyan leader is also clearly obsessed with what's left of African monarchs including Uganda's Toro Kingdom being one of his favourites. By dressing like the Great Julius Caesar, is Gaddafi portraying himself as a 'Conqueror' of the African empire?
The Bongo shoe:
The Bongo shoe (platform) was popularised by former Gabon President Omar Bongo. Some even preferred to call them 'Gabons' after the name of the country he ruled for four decades. Gabons were a fashion statement in the 1970's and 1980's.
Even when he was short, Bongo was often described as one of 'Africa's big men'. It is said he wore platform shoes just to boost his height. And indeed did it not only boost his height but his stay in power too, serving Gabon as president for 42 years and becoming Africa's longest serving president.
…And now the Otunnu shirt:
New UPC president, Olara Otunnu appeared in public wearing the same red and black embroidered shirt for three consecutive days recently. We all know the shirt symbolised at least two of three UPC colours.
Some suggested that he did so because he was a bachelor and therefore had no wife to take care of his wardrobe. Others speculated that the shirt was actually 'sending a silent signal' because of its flowery embroidery. But who knows, that famous shirt might finally present who Olara Otunnu really is and later get to be known as the 'Otunnu shirt.'
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Wednesday, March 11th, 2009 admin
Question: Patti D Says Do people enjoy homemade gifts? Brandy - Customer Service Representative Answer: Absolutely! The fact that you took time out of your life to make someone something means so, so much. ... Read more..Posted in Ask an Expert | 2 Comments »


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30,630 Dojo and growing
Helping people find Dojo since 2004
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Most of these Martial Arts Studios, clubs and gyms offer Karate classes for kids or Self Defense classes for children, men and women in Millersville area. If you are looking for classes or lessons near your address in Millersville, please use the following search box and see a list of Martial Arts Schools, clubs and organizations near you.
See Martial Arts Schools and classes in places around Millersville, Indiana: Carmel, Meridian-Kessler, Martindale-Brightwood, Woodstock, Lawrence, Herrin-Morton, Chatham-Arch.
If you are associated with a Martial Arts School in Millersville, please list it with dojolocator.


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- Better Roads - http://www.betterroads.com -
Holt Cat will break ground on San Antonio tech training facility on 4/4
Posted By Tina Grady Barbaccia On March 22, 2012 @ 12:56 pm In Industry,Press Releases | No Comments
HOLT CAT will host a groundbreaking ceremony for a new San Antonio technical training facility on April 4. The invitation is attached. Please reach out to me with any questions. I will follow up next week with additional information, including an advisory. Thank you again for your continued support of HOLT CAT in the San Antonio community.
To support its growing role as a Caterpillar Regional Dealer Learning Center, HOLT CAT will begin construction on a new San Antonio technical training facility.
Article printed from Better Roads: http://www.betterroads.com
URL to article: http://www.betterroads.com/holt-cat-will-break-ground-on-san-antonio-tech-training-facility-on-44/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2009 Better Roads. All rights reserved.


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BEIRUT (AP) — A defiant Syrian President Bashar Assad rallied a chanting and cheering crowd Sunday to fight the uprising against his authoritarian rule, dismissing any chance of dialogue with "murderous criminals" that he blames for nearly two years of violence that has left 60,000 dead.
In his first public speech in six months, Assad laid out terms for a peace plan that keeps himself in power, ignoring international demands to step down and pledging to continue the battle "as long as there is one terrorist left" in Syria.
"What we started will not stop," he said, standing at a lectern on stage at the regal Opera House in central Damascus — a sign by the besieged leader that he sees no need to hide or compromise even with the violent civil war closing in on his seat of power in the capital.
The theater was packed with his supporters who interrupted the speech with applause, cheers and occasional fist-waving chants, including "God, Bashar and Syria!"
The overtures that Assad offered — a national reconciliation conference, elections and a new constitution — were reminiscent of symbolic changes and concessions offered previously in the uprising that began in March 2011. Those were rejected at the time as too little, too late.
The government last year adopted a constitution that theoretically allows political parties to compete with Assad's ruling Baath Party. It carried out parliamentary elections that were boycotted by his opponents.
Assad demanded that regional and Western countries must stop funding and arming the rebels trying to overthrow him.
"We never rejected a political solution ... but with whom should we talk? With those who have an extremist ideology, who only understand the language of terrorism? "Or should we with negotiate puppets whom the West brought?" he asked.
"We negotiate with the master, not with the slave," he answered.
As in previous speeches and interviews, he clung to the view that the crisis was a foreign-backed plot and not an uprising against him and his family's decades-long rule.
"Is this a revolution and are these revolutionaries? By God, I say they are a bunch of criminals," he said.
He stressed the presence of religious extremists among those fighting in Syria, calling them "terrorists who carry the ideology of al-Qaida" and "servants who know nothing but the language of slaughter."
He said the fighters sought to transform the country into a "jihad land."
Although he put up a defiant front, Assad laid out the grim reality of the violence, and he spoke in front of a collage of photos of what appeared to be Syrians killed in the fighting.
"We are now in a state of war in every sense of the word," Assad said, "a war that targets Syria using a handful of Syrians and many foreigners. It is a war to defend the nation."
He said Syria will take advice but not dictates from anyone — a reference to outside powers calling on him to step down.
The speech, which was denounced by the West, including the U.S. and Britain, came amid stepped-up international efforts for a peaceful way out of the Syrian conflict. Previous efforts have failed to stem the bloodshed.
U.N.-Arab League envoy Lakhdar Brahimi met Assad last month to push for a peace plan for Syria based on a plan first presented in June at an international conference in Geneva. The proposal calls for an open-ended cease-fire and the formation of a transitional government until new elections can be held and a new constitution drafted.
The opposition swiftly rejected Assad's proposals. Those fighting to topple the regime have repeatedly said they will accept nothing less than his departure, dismissing any kind of settlement that leaves him in the picture.
"It is an excellent initiative that is only missing one crucial thing: His resignation," said Kamal Labwani, a veteran dissident and member of the opposition's Syrian National Coalition umbrella group.
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ETL, CSA or CE safety approval
Over voltage & over heat protection
Auto-cookware detection & shut off feature
Digital controller
Multi-power adjustment with timer builds in
Child safety lock
Extremely efficient burner with high BTU output.
Safety device with thermal couple & flame out detection
Contemporary design with heavy duty cast iron pot stands
Electric ignition
CE certified
Input: 220/240VAC, 50~60Hz.
Output Power: 2100W
Agency Approval: UL, CB
Glass dimension: 310mm(W) x 389mm(D) or 12.2"(W) x 15.3"(D)
Cooktop/Drop-in/Build-in style
Ceramic glass touch control.
3 hour 59 minutes timer
8 power stage adjustment
8 temperature stage adjustment
Temperatur hold feature
Child safety lock
Auto-off for energy saving
Two years warranty
This model is also offered by Amazon, WWW.AMAZON.COM, or eBay, WWW.EBAY.COM
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Asthma: Over The Counter Treatment Center - Harlingen, TXHarlingen Asthma & Allergy Specialist Doctors for Asthma: Over The Counter TreatmentType of Physician: Asthma & Allergy Specialist What is a Asthma & Allergy Specialist? A certification by the Board of Allergy & Immunology; practitioners are experts in the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of immune disorders. Specialty: Allergy & Immunology Common Name: Allergy Doctor Asthma & Allergy Specialist Doctors in Harlingen *Mckenna Asthma & Allergy Clinic Mid Valley Pediatric/Allrgy Ctr Family Allergy & Asthma Center Asthma Center Valley Allergy & Asthma Center Allergy and Asthma Center Harlingen, TexasAsthma: Over the Counter TreatmentWhat is asthma?The cause of asthma is unknown. More is known about the abnormal conditions that occur in asthma. These conditions include:
Other Related Asthma: Over The Counter Treatment ArticlesEmergency Contact for Harlingen
Nearby Harlingen Hospitals *Valley Baptist Medical Center Harlingen Medical Center Rio Grande State Center Solara Hospital Harlingen Knapp Medical Center Brownsville Doctors Hospital Valley Regional Medical Center Solara Hospital Brownsville Valley Baptist Medical Center Edinburg Regional Medical Ctr Edinburg Regional Rehab Center South Texas Behavioral Health Doctors Hospital At Renaissance Lifecare Hospital South Texas Solara Hospital Of Edinburg Cornerstone Regional Hospital Lifecare Hospitals South Campus Mc Allen Heart Hospital Rio Grande Regional Hospital Mcallen Medical Center Solara Hospitals Of Mcallen *Provider Directory Terms of Use: The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval. |


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Human resource planning comprises of foretelling upcoming manpower necessities and developing manpower plans for the execution of the projections. Through human resource planning a management attempts to have the accurate number and the exact kind of people at the correct places at the correct time.
Human resource planning is concerned with two things:
• Planning of manpower supplies
• Planning of manpower requirements
Benefits of Human Resource Planning
Human resource planning can benefit at both- the company and national levels. At the national level, it will be concerned with factors such as the economic development, population, and geographical mobility and it will be the Government's responsibility.
At the company's level, forecasting of continuing manpower necessities assists them to predict the reimbursement costs involved. in addition, by predicting manpower requirements, they have a chance for developing existing manpower requirements to fill the prospect openings through promotions.
The Manpower Management Cycle
Manpower Management Cycle is concerned with having the correct type of individual accessible as and when required and improving the performance of existing people to make them more effective on their jobs. Manpower management thus starts with Manpower Planning. It is necessary to forecast the manpower needs. This is done by studying three types of forecasts:
• The economic forecast,
• The company's sales expansion forecast,
• The employees market forecast.
Need for human resource planning
To meet with the changing needs, Manpower Planning is necessary. Despite the economical, political, social changes, Manpower Planning is necessary for the organization to survive in spite of changes. For example:
Growth of more industries can result in mobility of personnel and is a source of potential loss of both- managerial and other personnel. Fresh people must be ready to fill in such vacancies.
• If promotions from within are used, then there is likely to be less agitation from the unions.
• Such a policy can constitute great motivational force within the organization.
• It helps in developing talents within the organization.
Limitations of human resource planning
While there are many uses and benefits of Human resource planning, there are certain inherent limitations of the same:
1. Inaccuracy: It is difficult to predict long-range forecasts accurately.
2. Changes in economic condition and technology in future tend to make long-range forecasts unreliable.


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Much of Alfred Hitchcock's work places strong emphasis on the mechanisms and implications of the act of looking, and voyeurism and scopophilia are major themes across his oeuvre. Consider, for example, Scottie's compulsion to recreate Judy in Madeleine's image in Vertigo, or Jeffries's obsession with observing the private lives of his neighbors through his binoculars in Rear Window (Wood 103). Voyeurism also plays a prominent role in Strangers on a Train, but in contrast with some of Hitchcock's other work, the most interesting voyeurs of that work are not male, but female. Throughout the film, Hitchcock develops the concept of the female gaze by connecting it with a distinctive symbolism: round glasses (Brill 81). Such glasses, as Mary Ann Doane has shown, were symbols in classical Hollywood film of an active gaze, or "even simply the fact of seeing as opposed to being seen" (qtd. in Corber 115). This symbol of seeing, of circularity, of the overt female stare, becomes a recurring visual motif throughout Strangers on a Train, and its manifestations signpost the women who possess such a gaze—whether their stare is obvious or hidden.
To understand why the concept of the female gaze and its symbols are important in Strangers on a Train, it is critical to understand their fundamental challenge to patriarchy. In her book The Women Who Knew Too Much, which considers the work of Hitchcock from a feminist perspective, Tania Modleski references Alice Jardine's ideas when she comments about the male reaction against "women who know not only too much, but anything at all" (13). Jardine states, "Man's response in both private and public to a woman who knows [anything] has most consistently been one of paranoia 1" (qtd. in Modleski 13). While the female gaze is not ostensibly a declaration of secret knowledge, it bears connotations of knowledge gathering, of surveillance for a purpose. Such open surveillance is traditionally accounted to men—"the gaze" of feminist criticism—and the open return of looking on the part of the women implies a distinct crossing of gender boundaries. As Corber puts it, in a patriarchal society women are meant to "be seen rather than to see" (117). The female voyeurs in Hitchcock's films, therefore, represent an intrinsic threat to the patriarchy, because they co-opt a tool traditionally used by men to objectify and control women.
Hitchcock establishes the circular motif of the unhidden female stare most obviously with the glasses he gives to Miriam, Guy's wife; and Barbara, the sister of Guy's love interest, both of whom are blatant in their act of watching. Of the two, Miriam is the most belligerent in her voyeurism and possession of knowledge, which becomes immediately obvious in her first appearance on camera. "You've got a nice tan," she says as she sizes Guy up through thick harlequin glasses, "Playing tennis with all of your rich friends" (Strangers2 ). Here, Miriam references the subtext of their relationship problems with seeming nonchalance; clearly, she has no interest in attempting to improve their marital situation by pretending she is unaware of Guy's political aspirations and new love interest. Miriam also makes no pretense to acting hurt or vulnerable; she knows the nature of the situation, and has no qualms about revealing such knowledge to Guy. It's also obvious that she has been watching Guy's actions closely: "Don't look so mad, Guy," she says coyly, as he begins to realize she intends to follow him to Washington; "You always smile when your picture is being taken for the papers." Since it's clear from their conversation that the two do not meet often, the implication is that Miriam has been surveying the situation from afar, and has been doing so thoroughly. Guy's obvious discomfort and anger, then, are not only from the realization that Miriam will not consent to the divorce, but from the threat of her gaze and the knowledge she has gleaned.
Barbara also wears the round glasses, the symbol of the gaze. While she is far more likable than Miriam, they are alike in the unapologetic way they both observe and comment upon situations. Barbara is forthright in all her dealings, and is not afraid to show her intelligence and mental acuity by a blunt appraisal of any situation, without regard for diplomacy. "That poor, unfortunate girl," says Senator Morton, referring to Miriam's death. "She was a tramp," says Barbara, matter-of-factly. When chastised by the Senator, who states that Miriam had as much right to life and pursuit of happiness as any other human, Barbara dismisses his idealism cooly. "From what I hear," she says, "She pursued it in all directions." She is young and unmarried—she does not yet pose a direct threat to any man—and her frank comments and knowledge of the sexual are therefore regarded with a measure of condescension by the people around her. "One doesn't always have to say what one thinks," Senator Morton says to Barbara, with seemingly equal parts fondness and fatherly exasperation. But Barbara does; her glasses are a bold visual statement of her obvious desire to see and understand the world around her. In this way, she resembles another Hitchcock character: Midge from Vertigo, who, like Barbara, also refuses to temper her frank appraisal of a situation in order to gain sexual prowess or the favor of a man.
However, while Barbara can be forgiven her gaze, it is clear that Miriam cannot. In fact, one critic describes the scene at the carnival as "excusing her murder," because it is shot almost wholly from Bruno's point of view (Corber 115). Indeed, this scene depicts Miriam's voyeurism as so transgressive that even the audience is made to feel uncomfortable. When Miriam realizes she is the object of Bruno's stare, she returns the favor; instead of looking away or removing herself from his gaze, she sensuously savors her ice cream cone and stares back. For the remainder of the sequence leading up to her death, Miriam continues to "[return] the male gaze rather than [submit] to it passively" (115). She is aware of Bruno's stare and its implications, and appears more than ready to take part in the game he has initiated. She and Bruno therefore play out an intimate duet of looks and counter-looks, and the circular imagery of her glasses becomes more and more pervasive in the surroundings as he goes further into the world of her gaze and the scene builds to a climax. As the chase progresses, Hitchcock highlights the whirling of the merry-go-round, the plump roundness of the little boy's balloon, the incessant turning of the water wheel, and the round opening of the Tunnel of Love. Bruno shows Miriam his strength at the sledgehammer concession as he drives the marker to the very top—a round gong. He breaks the game and conquers its round symbol, just as he will later break Miriam and smash her glasses, the symbol of her overt and knowing stare. Then, as he watches her float off to what will be the site of her death, the turning ferris wheel eerily fills the frame behind him. The visual symbolism employed here by Hitchcock clearly shows the reason that Miriam deserves to die: her unapologetic gaze.
The highly expressionist mise-en-scene of Miriam's murder is the culmination of the circular imagery which Hitchcock has built into the film so far. A POV shot puts the audience inside Bruno's head as Miriam's face fills the frame and she sees him. "Is your name Miriam?" he asks. "Why yes," she says, pleased. Bruno does not give her the chance to say anything else. As he strangles Miriam, her glasses fall to the ground and break, and the camera cuts to a close-up of the lens, where the rest of the murder is seen in its reflection. After pushing her to the ground, Bruno slowly straightens up, staring straight into the one unbroken lens and filling its round frame with his looming form. Robin Wood describes this scene as being a "sexual culmination for both killer and victim" and calls the lens of Miriam's glasses a "sexual symbol" (90). However, while this imagery can be read as sexual, it arguably has more complex meanings than Wood assigns it. Miriam's glasses are not merely the symbol of sexuality, or even of voyeurism—for, as we will see later, Ann Morton is equally voyeuristic—but of her refusal to hide her voyeurism and secret knowledge from a patriarchal society. Her glasses are the visible representation of her unapologetic gaze, and represent an implied threat to the dominance of the male. The murder scene is significant because it implies the forceful retaliation, the outward expression of Jardine's male "paranoia" (qtd. in Modleski 13). The success of Bruno and the fall of the violated glasses symbolizes the execution of Miriam's gaze; her glasses are now sightless and her death is, in essence, a blinding—the final retribution for a woman who has dared to cross gender boundaries.
But while the glasses are the most obvious representation of the female gaze, there is another telling object present at the site of the murder: Guy's lighter. While the insignia on the lighter seems to have been underemphasized in criticism of the film, it has certainly not been in the film itself; its importance is shown by repeated, fetishistic close-ups throughout, and is foregrounded in the initial dialogue between Bruno and Guy. "Bet I can guess who 'A' is," says Bruno slyly, referring to the lighter's inscription, "Ann Morton." Hitchcock pairs Bruno's statement with a close-up of the lighter itself, revealing the crossed tennis rackets and the insignia "A to G" to the audience for the first time. Later in the film, immediately after Bruno strangles Miriam, a single shot shows the glasses and lighter lying side by side next to the lifeless woman, and then a close-up of the lighter highlights its distinctive design. Hitchcock has obviously gone to great lengths to establish the presence of the lighter and reiterate its distinctive design at the scene of the murder, but why?
The presence of the lighter has often been read as an implication of Guy's guilt in Miriam's death, in conjunction with the Guy/Bruno doppelgänger theme that runs throughout the film3 . The fact that the lighter is a gift from Ann, however, has been largely passed over4 , along with the accompanying insinuations about her involvement in Guy's affairs. However, given its importance to the plot, the lighter's origin is not insignificant. After all, despite the far more flattering depiction of Ann in the film, she is arguably just as guilty as Guy for the murder of Miriam. Since she is presented as the obvious love interest and effortlessly performs the societal graces that Miriam does not have, we like her better and gladly overlook the pertinent fact that she has been carrying on a love affair with a man who is still married. The dialogue on the train indicates that Bruno's instant recognition of Guy and knowledge about his relationship with Ann is largely from gossip in the newspapers. "Sometimes," remarks Bruno,"I turn the sport page and look at the society news. And the pictures. She's very beautiful, Senator Morton's daughter." Ann and Guy's relationship, far from being a normal, socially accepted love relationship, is the stuff of scandal—the daughter of a senator seduced by a well-known, married man. Had not Guy's relationship with Ann landed him so frequently in the gossip column, Bruno would not have been as likely to recognize him on the train. The presence of her gift at the scene of the crime, therefore, is arguably just as much an implication of her guilt as Guy's.
As the film unfolds, it becomes increasingly obvious that Ann herself is far from being the decorative society female she seems on the surface; she is, in her own way, equally as voyeuristic as the other two women. Although she does not possess the brazen, sexually suggestive stare of Miriam, or the honest, frank gaze of Barbara, the camera often watches her carefully watching Guy and the events unfolding around him. Guy and Ann's first on-camera meeting is captured with a single, high-angle shot which shows them embracing and then moving towards the parlor to meet her father. Although Ann casts down her gaze often while Guy is talking directly to her in this shot, she stares at him intently when he looks away, as if to obtain as much hidden information as possible. Then, at the party given by Senator Morton, we see a prolonged shot of Ann staring. The camera cuts to show what Ann has been staring at: Guy. Then Ann shifts her gaze, and the audience sees that she has seen Bruno, who is also watching Guy. The relay of looks is crystal clear in its implication: they are all playing a game that depends upon the close monitoring of the other players. However, although Ann is constantly watching, she seems able to make her surveillance non-threatening by hiding it in a performance of demure femininity; the men never seem as aware of her gaze as they are of Miriam's and Barbara's—Ann never makes them aware. Still, it is clear to the audience that Ann knows more than she lets on.
Ann's voyeurism and knowledge, and the success with which she hides them, are also clearly symbolized on the lighter she gives to Guy. While, on one level, the insignia seems nothing more than a reference to Guy's occupation, on another level the side-by-side circles of the crisscrossed tennis racket design eerily echo the imagery of Miriam and Barbara's glasses—the symbol of the female gaze. This symbolism becomes starker in the image of the lighter and glasses lying side by side in the aftermath of Miriam's murder. Here, in one shot, lies the fundamental difference between Ann and Miriam/Barbara and their respective approaches to sexual politics. Ann, it seems, has her own pair of glasses, but she has hidden them. Instead of openly declaring her gaze through the outward implements of seeing, as do Miriam and Barbara, Ann has ensconced the symbol of her voyeurism and secret knowledge in the trappings of Guy's world. While Miriam and Barbara openly go against hegemonic female roles, Ann plays the object to be seen in order to increase her own ability to see. Like Vertigo's Judy, she must attempt to gain power by portraying something she is not. Therefore, while Miriam and Barbara's overt display of the feminine gaze is a threat to patriarchy, Ann is successful at removing the threat from her knowledge by clothing it in the symbolism of Guy's own success.
The fact that Ann is able to hide the perceived threat of her voyeurism from the men, however, does not make the actual threat any less dangerous. In fact, by choosing to cloak her true knowledge, she is arguably more successful at reclaiming power than are Miriam and Barbara. She disguises her gaze so well that Guy carries her glasses with him wherever he goes, and the lighter which bears her symbolic stare is the proverbial "glue" in the Guy/Bruno power relationship. In essence, since the lighter is connected so closely with the murder, her covert stare is the very tool which dooms Miriam and embroils Guy in a dangerous game which nearly ends in his conviction for murder. And, in the end, whatever Ann's motivations for marrying Guy might be, it is difficult for us to reconcile her coolness and austerity with the prospect of a loving and warm married life. Ann's influence and gaze have already resulted in serious consequences for the lives of those around her, and her skill at performing her role of the society woman keeps Guy utterly unaware of both. While she may play the role of an asset as she decorates Guy's arm at political functions, it is clear that she has assets of her own and the mental acuity to use them. Guy cannot resist a threat that he cannot see, and Ann is remarkably good at disguising hers.
One critic, referring to Miriam's fallen glasses, draws attention to the "motif of seeing and blindness" which runs throughout the plot of Strangers on a Train (Brill 81), and this conflict certainly seems to be a major driving force in the sexual politics which pervade the plot. As we have seen, Miriam deserves to die not so much because of what she has done, but because of who she is and what she represents: a woman who is unafraid to challenge societal norms. Miriam and Barbara's glasses are, in essence, a declaration of their refusal to be blind. They will continue to look, and refuse to hide the fact that they have the secret knowledge which, as Modleski comments, typifies the Hitchcock female (13). Their bold gaze and refusal to play the game of sexual politics according to the rules of a patriarchal system incites the male "paranoia" that Jardine notes. Although Barbara's future is uncertain, the shattered glasses of her double, Miriam, indicate where such a road may lead in a male-dominated society. Ann, on the other hand, finds greater success within the patriarchal system because she is able to use its implements—Guy's lighter—to her own advantage. She is able to see precisely because she pretends to be blind. In the end, it seems that the success of all three women is not so much dependent upon whether they see—for it is clear that all three do—but whether they are able to keep patriarchy blind to the fact that they can.
Brill, Lesley. The Hitchcock Romance. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1988.
Corber, Robert J. "Hitchcock's Washington: Spectatorship, Ideology, and the 'Homosexual Menace' in Strangers on a Train." Hitchcock's America. Ed. Jonathan Freedman and Richard Mullington. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. 99-121.
Modleski, Tania. The Women Who Knew Too Much. New York: Methuen, 1988.
Strangers on a Train. Dir. Alfred Hitchcock. Perf. Farley Granger, Robert Walker. Videocassette. Warner Home Video, 1983.
Wood, Robin. Hitchcock's Films Revisited. New York: Columbia UP, 1989.


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Ponies and Kids believes in helping children realize their potential and lead fulfilled lives through a wide variety of riding programs and disciplines.
5534 North 150 West | West Lafayette, IN 47906 | (765) 426-6479 | 501 (c) 3 charitable nonprofit
Ponies and Kids is a growing nonprofit that looks to teach our community's youth how to "live, love, and grow with horses." It is our belief that all youth in today's society can benefit from the structure, discipline, and stability that horses provide. We help students become leaders through their experiences at the barn. At Ponies and Kids (PAK), we watch our students learn respect, empathy, and a good work ethic during their time spent at our barn.
Our vision is to provide an environment where children and young adults can not only "horse around" but also safely learn about horses. We hope to promote self-worth and encourage physical activity, good work ethic and great sportsmanship. We assist youth and young adults who, while having the desire to interact with horses, find the cost prohibitive. We will encourage and teach work ethic, responsibility and the economics of horses. Lastly, we will provide an avenue for students to improve their grades, thus gaining self-confidence.
Name: Natasha Slipchenko Age: 18 According to her trainer, Wilene Gillim, Natasha is full of ambition and perseverance. She began training at Ponies and Kids, Inc. (PAK) when she was in 7th grade and since then has devoured any knowledge that progresses her development as an equestrian.


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Your #lovecapetown weekend: What's on from Friday 30 January to Sunday 01 February, 2015
Rob Peters
Music, wine and a day at the races, it's all happening in the Mother City this weekend! -
20 of the best clubs and bars in Cape Town
Rob Peters
So you're looking for a night out are you? A couple of drinks you say? Maybe you want to cut loose on the dance floor, but aren't sure where to go? Our handy list of 20 of the most popular clubs and bars in the Mother City will help you on your way then! Enjoy! -
Mixing it up for the J&b Met: Your last minute shopping guide
The J&B Met is mixing-it-up and with the dawn of 2015 we are all Made For The Mix – which means anything goes! If you're still looking for the perfect outfit, these stores need to be your last-minute stop before a day at the races. -
Clovelly Golf Course is a hidden gem
Dan Nicholl
Founded by Raymond Ackerman, the Clovelly golf club was the first South African sports facility to break down apartheid's strict regulations in the 1970s. Today, it's better known as a short but challenging layout that's gentle in still conditions, but a fierce test when the wind gets up.
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Open Streets in Observatory
This Africa Day, Cape Town's vibrant locals and visitors will be taking to the streets ... the Opens Streets in Observatory, that is, on Saturday May 25, 2013. Inspired by Bogota's Ciclovia and projects in other cities like San Francisco and Jakarta, Open Streets in Observatory will see the usually traffic-congested Lower Main Road collectively transformed from a car-dominated road to a people-friendly public space.
Your Cape Town Weekend: things to do from Friday 24 to Sunday 26 May, 2013
Tick tock, tick tock … can you hear that? It's the countdown to an eventful weekend in gorgeous Cape Town! From hilarious comedies to divine wine festivals and gourmet shows, there is plenty to see and do in the Mother City over the next 48 hours.
Join me at the following events in Cape Town from Friday 24 to Sunday 26 May, 2013.
Where Would You Rather Be Wednesdays: top foodie spots with fireplaces in Cape Town
There is just something about the cooler weather in inspirational Cape Town that makes me wish I was at one of her top foodie spots, enjoying the warmth of a fireplace this Wednesday.
Several delectable establishments where I'd rather be indulging my Hump Day cravings come to mind, but if I absolutely had to choose I'd pick these ones.
Top places to be in Observatory
Quirky Observatory is the bohemian soul of Cape Town … it is here where you will find some of the Mother City's most interesting residents and visitors enjoying the sights, sounds and tastes of this whimsical suburb's numerous cafés, theatres and bars.
Gordon Ramsay heads to Good Food & Wine Show 2013 in Cape Town
He's nearly as well-known for his fiery temper as he is for his heavenly culinary creations … celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay is headed to the Good Food & Wine Show in Cape Town from Thursday 23 to Sunday 26 May, 2013.
South African star Emo Adams' top reasons to #LoveCapeTown City Breaks
He is one of South Africa's biggest musical entertainers and beloved television personalities but at heart, Emo Adams is and always has been a true Cape Town "boykie".
Cape Town's Ceara McEvoy heads off to London for Biggest Baddest Bucket List finals
She's impressed locals with her passion for the Mother City in her amazing video, and scored hundreds of votes on Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest and more ... Now exuberant videographer Ceara McEvoy heads off to London as one of 10 finalists in My Destination's Biggest Baddest Bucket List competition on Friday 18 May, 2013.
Your Cape Town Weekend: things to do from Friday 17 to Sunday 19 May, 2013
The countdown to a fun-filled and thrilling weekend in Cape Town has begun, Mother City lovers, and I'm sure that like me, you can't wait to get things started!
Countdown to the 2013 Gugulethu Wine Festival in Cape Town begins!
It's May in the Mother City ... and you know what that means, don't you? It's time for the third annual TOPS Gugulethu Wine Festival, which runs from Friday May 24 to Saturday May 25, 2013.
Five things you didn't know about Adderley Street
Adderley Street has always been the high street of Cape Town. For many it's the site of nostalgic childhood memories, having been taken to see the Christmas lights. Today, this main artery of the city buzzes with activity. Cape Town's central train station, bus terminals and the entrance to the Golden Acre shopping centre, numerous shops, banks, hotels and offices are located on Adderley – along with a jamboree of informal traders and a seasonal night market.
Your Cape Town weekend: Things to do from Friday 10 to Sunday 12 May, 2013
Happy Mother's Day Weekend, Mother City lovers! With 48 hours of quality mom-time awaiting, there is plenty to see and do in caring Cape Town. Join me at the following events from Friday 10 to Sunday 12 May, 2013 and discover why there is no better place to celebrate the special women in your life.
Justin Bieber live in Cape Town: concert photos
They came in their thousands, they screamed at the top of their lungs and boy, did they Believe! Canadian pop star Justin Bieber had scores of Cape Town's teenage girls (and their moms) enthralled at his sold-out concert at the Cape Town Stadium on Wednesday 8 May, 2013.
Burger King opens in Cape Town in 24 Hours!
American fast-food chain, Burger King, opens its doors in Cape Town for the first time tomorrow.
Where Would You Rather Be Wednesdays in Cape Town: things to do
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Bon Jovi in Cape Town: photos
"Whoaah, we're halfway there, Whoaah, livin on a prayer …" If you still have chills running up and down your spine thanks to the crowd and Bon Jovi's amazing a capella singalong to this popular hit, chances are you partied like a rock star with the legendary band at the Cape Town Stadium on Tuesday 7 May, 2013!
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Bon Jovi live in Cape Town: road closures and other important stuff
Do you hear that, rock music lovers? The early strains of You Give Love a Bad Name, the thunderous applause and the crazy screams of the crowd? Yes, Mother City fanatics, it's time for superstar rock band Bon Jovi to perform live at the Cape Town Stadium on Tuesday 7 May, 2013.
Your Cape Town Weekend: Things to do from Friday 3 to Sunday 5 May, 2013
Still recovering from Workers' Day, Mother City lovers, and anxiously dreaming of the weekend? Well, dream no more, for 48 hours of entertainment in thrilling Cape Town and surrounds is almost here! Join me at the following events from Friday 3 to Sunday 5 May, 2013…
Mother's Day events in Cape Town 2013
The second Sunday in May (May 12) is Mother's Day ... and where better to treat the special woman in your life than in Cape Town, the caring Mother City? Mums do a lot for us, providing support in ways we can never fully repay. So treat her to some fanciful and decadent treats in Cape Town this Mother's Day.
Your Cape Town Weekend: things to do from Friday 26 to Sunday 28 April, 2013
It's the weekend once again in our beautiful Cape Town – and that means 48 hours of amazing things to do, Mother City lovers!
Metallica Live in Cape Town: Photos
It was the night many of Cape Town's metalheads had been waiting for, for more than seven years ... legendary band Metallica's return to the Mother City, live in a rocking concert at the Bellville Velodrome on Wednesday 24 April, 2013!
Bieber fever hits Cape Town: supporting acts and additional tickets announced
Teen megastar Justin Bieber's imminent arrival and performance at the Cape Town Stadium on Wednesday 8 May, 2013 is all anyone has been talking about for weeks in the music-loving Mother City … and the chatter is set to get even louder with concert promoter Big Concerts' announcement that hot local singers LCNVL (Locnville) and ChianoSky will be his supporting acts on the evening.
Cape Town Opera chorus wins Chorus of the Year Award at International Opera Awards
Cape Town, the musical Mother City, is big on talent, big on culture and now, big on opera winners too! Our gifted Cape Town Opera chorus has won the Best Opera Chorus Award at the inaugural International Opera Awards in London.
Cape Town winter restaurant specials 2013
The cooler weather we've been enjoying in inspirational Cape Town lately conjures up images of snuggling up before roaring fires, and feasting on the scrumptious affordable meals at the Mother City's most delicious restaurants.
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We're in for a slightly cooler weekend in the beautiful Mother City this weekend, Cape Town fanatics, but that doesn't mean the fun has to stop. In fact, there is plenty to see and do indoors in our bustling hometown, so join me at the following events and activities from Friday 19 to Sunday 21 April, 2013 and discover some of Cape Town's hidden gems.
Taste of Cape Town 2013: Photos and video
"Delicious" is too mundane a word to describe the 2013 Taste of Cape Town festival. So is "scrumptious". Because this year's event was simply DIVINE! Now in its sixth year, the Taste of Cape Town was held at the chic Green Point Cricket Club from Thursday April 11 to Sunday 14 April, 2013, with some spectacular upgrades and additions that added to its phenomenal success.
Your blissful guide to Decorex Cape Town 2013
Cape Town, the inspirational Mother City and World Design Capital 2014, is once again playing host to South Africa's finest décor, design and lifestyle expo: Decorex Cape Town. The expo takes place from Thursday April 25 to Sunday April 28, 2013.
Your Cape Town weekend: foodie things to do from Friday 12 to Sunday 14 April, 2013
We're just hours away from a scrumptious weekend in Cape Town, the delicious Mother City. So gear up for 48 hours of incredible smells, tastes and sights. Whether you're a fine-dining lover, a fresh-goods fanatic or a food and wine aficionado, there is something for everyone in our delectable town this weekend.
Where Would You Rather Be Wednesdays in Cape Town: sights to see
It's Wednesday, Cape Town lovers, and that means I am once again asking you Where You'd Rather Be in the Mother City today.
The 2013 Cape Town International Jazz Festival free concert: photos
We want more! We want more! This was the refrain of the crowd at the Cape Town International Jazz Festival free concert on Wednesday 3 April, 2013.


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Fri, Jan 10, 03 at 17:10
This is my first year growing garlic. I planted single garlic cloves in November. Now, January 4th, it looks like it is just going to keep growing. We have had frost many nights, but it does not seem to make any difference, the stuff keeps growing. |
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What's going on at Mason's?
If you had a good time with us, let us know with a picture and you could have a place on this page!
Or check our Facebook page for the most up to date information!
Treasures found at Masons!
Some customers are pulling out hundreds of carats of Sapphires in a day! We haven't seen this many sapphires in a coons age! Come on down and find your treasure!
Send Miner Todd some mail!
Todd is a big teddy bear so we changed his email name to firstname.lastname@example.com Everyone needs to send the toddy bear some lovin.
What's New in 2014!
This year we have big plans for the mine. With the economy getting better we are planning to add more services and try to complete old projects. We think that you will love our improvements! We now have wifi for our customers so they can connect to the world outside Burningtown. Also we are planning to have an online store. As we complete these projects we will let you know and post pictures!


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Document Type Master's Dissertation Author Pendock, Catherine URN etd-06182011-190825 Document Title The willingness of South African emigrants to transfer knowledge to other South Africans Degree MBA Department Gordon Institute of Business Science Supervisor
Advisor Name Title Dr H Barnard Supervisor Keywords
- migration
- knowledge transfer
- emotions
Date 2010-11-10 Availability unrestricted Abstract This study examines the effect of migration and emotions on knowledge transfer with the intention of identifying the emotions influencing the willingness of South African emigrants to transfer knowledge to South Africans living in South Africa. The increasing number of South Africans emigrating is exacerbating the skills shortage in the country and therefore it is of importance to understand the profile of a South African emigrant who is willing to transfer knowledge to South Africans living in South Africa. Through understanding who to target for assistance South Africa will be able to better utilise those emigrants who are willing to assist.
The primary data was collected through an online survey. Of the 311 responses 210 were usable in the regression models run. The outcome of this research supports previous literature that positive knowledge sharing emotions play a major role in influencing the willingness to transfer knowledge. Because this is voluntary knowledge sharing emigrants tend to share knowledge when they are happy and when they feel positive towards knowledge sharing. This is influenced by positive feelings about their own knowledge and about their decision to emigrate. The results also suggest that emigrant"s emotions towards knowledge sharing were not dominated by their feelings about South Africa, but rather by their emotions towards their host country.
Copyright © 2010, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria
Please cite as follows:
Pendock, C 2010, The willingness of South African emigrants to transfer knowledge to other South Africans, MBA dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06182011-190825/>
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28.8 Modem 56K Modem ISDN (64 Kb) ISDN (128 Kb) Higher-speed Access dissertation.pdf 1.22 Mb 00:05:37 00:02:53 00:02:31 00:01:15 00:00:06


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- Ruth Aarons
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- Angelita Rosal Bengtsson
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- Dick Evans - Lifetime Achievement Award
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- Jack Howard
- Azmy Ibrahim
- Peggy Ichkoff
- Steve Isaacson
- Jimmy Jacobson
- Jennifer Johnson
- Barbara Kaminsky
- George "Gus" Kennedy
- Alice Kimble
- Erwin Klein
- Yvonne Kronlage
- Dolores Probert Kuenz
- Herwald Lawrence
- Dal Joon Lee
- He Ja Lee
- Y.C. Lee
- Ilija Lupulesku
- Attila Malek
- Patty Martinez
- Brian Masters
- Marcus Schussheim
- Richard McAfee
- Mary McIlwain
- Jimmy McClure
- Mary McIlwain
- Jim McQueen
- Dick Miles
- Tom Miller
- Reba Monness
- Manny Moskowitz
- Garrett Gray Nash
- Leah Neuberger
- Joe Newgarden
- Nippon Takkyu Company
- Khoa Nguyen
- Sean O'Neill
- P Becker and Company
- Lou Pagliaro
- Danny Pecora
- Eddie Pinner
- Marty Prager
- Bill Price
- Sally Green Prouty
- Jessie "Jay" Purves
- Jasna Rather
- John Read
- Marty Reisman
- Errol Resek
- David Sakai
- Donna Sakai
- George Schein
- Sol Schiff
- Dr. Michael Scott
- Danny Seemiller
- Ricky Seemiller
- Mitch Seidenfeld
- Mildred Shahian
- Mildred Wilkinson Shipman
- Cornelius "Neil" Smyth Profile
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- Johnny Somael
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- Tybie Thall Sommer
- Graham Steenhoven
- Wendy Hicks Stockwell
- Cy Sussman
- Connie Sweeris
- Dell Sweeris
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- Tamasu Company
- John Tannehill
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- Si Wasserman
- Sharlene Krizman Wilson
- Lily Yip
- Carl Zeisberg
- David Zhuang
There's a photo of an obviously serious-minded, not to say worried, four-year-old Ying Chow Lee, sitting in a park in Shanghai as if hoping the outdoor air will clear his head, looking for all the world like, "How am I gonna engineer a city-wide Kindergarten tournament when I'm six tables short?" Seventy years later, as USATT Officials Committee Chair and the man responsible for a smooth-running U.S. Open and Closed, he might again be found deep in thought, though likely now on the run, reminding himself that just as he's simplified his given name to "Y.C.," so the solution to the problems facing him, very real ones now, is to try to uncomplicate them, one at a time.
Back in the 1940's, while going to St. John's University in Shanghai, Y.C. was playing competitive table tennis, and, somewhere amid the shelves of trophies to be found today in the Rec Room of his Los Angeles home, you might still find preserved the shirt he wore when he played for his "Green" Team.
But he would not with his penholder play in China acquire any table tennis distinction, nor attempt to be anything more than a leisure player in the U.S. when from the late '40's into the early '60's he preoccupied himself with acquiring degrees in Business Administration, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering, first at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, then at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia. The USTTA was falling on hard times in the '50's, so it's doubtful that Y.C. was even tempted to be more of a player and less of a student. He was always very focused to become a high achiever, as his wife, Fae, and their daughters, Adrienne and Michele, would be with their advanced degrees. Understandably, then, table tennis could not be a very high priority with Y.C. for some time, and from the mid-'50's into the mid-'70's he was bent on acquiring more and more managerial skills--with RCA, General Electric, and Xerox.
In 1975, he became President of the Los Angeles Chinatown Table Tennis Club, and in 1980 a member of both the Advisory Council and Tournament Committee of the Chinese Athletic Service Association of Southern California--positions which he would hold into the next century. In the late '90's, with his by now Realty/Management background, he was honored for his "Outstanding Efforts and Accomplishments in Redevelopment Activities" with the Los Angeles Chinatown Community Advisory Committee.
Since more and more his work was becoming his play, and his play his work, it was only natural that he start to become involved in the USTTA. He began an intensive 10-year, take-charge involvement with the Association. This seemed to be indirectly touched off in part by his play. Although he'd been runner-up to Dr. Michael Scott in the Over 60's in the '85 Closed, his first National Championship was won in '88 and his second in '90--the Over 60 Doubles with fellow Californian Leon Ruderman. In between, in 1989, he accepted his first USTTA appointment--as a member of the Board of Directors of the USATT Foundation. This "quiet" position--he has been and still is the Treasurer--further established his credibility, his stature, among those officials who'd had contact with him, but he was still very much unknown.
Lee had been running tournaments and trying to encourage juniors at his Palo Verdes Estates Chinatown Club. But there seemed to be little follow-up. Though his Feb., '89 tournament, for example, was announced in Topics, the results never appeared. A coach of some kind he had to have been, but he wasn't on any listing of USTTA Coaches. An Accredited Director, he didn't go to a ground-breaking Jan., 89 Tournament Directors Meeting in Colorado Springs attended by many well-know Directors of the day. Granted he was a USTTA National Umpire, that could hardly have been significant since there were already 22 USTTA International Umpires. Coming into the 1990's he was not on the USTTA Executive Committe, not on any Committee at all, and not involved in running the U.S. Open or Closed. In short, nationally, he was pretty much invisible.
Y. C.'s rapid ascendency to positions of great weight in the Association was furthered by fellow Californians, early 1990's USTTA Vice-Presidents Terry Timmins and Shonie Aki. Timmins had proved himself--for example, by running successful Pacific Coast Opens--and in 1991 became the USTTA Tournament Chair for the U. S. Closed/ Olympic Trials, held at the Las Vegas Convention Center. Along with other Californians--Tournament Director Rich Livingston; Operations Director Peter Antkowiak; Chief Umpire Tom Miller--Y.C. was assigned a key position, that of Tournament Referee. (It was not unusual to have such a close-knit area "team" like this; it had been common practice at the National's since the beginnings of the USTTA in the 1930's.)
A Timmins-chaired, Mar., 1992 tournament--the Chinese New Year International, with its sponsor Accurate Tax (a firm Y.C. was Vice President of)--saw the presence of North American world-class players Johnny Huang and Cheng Yinghua; Dr. Jiing Wang, later to be USTTA Executive Vice-President; and Colin Clemett, long-time ITTF Rules Chair. Such a prestigious tournament--at which Y.C., on being observed by Clemett, became an International Referee ("Being an umpire and referee is most challenging and fun, and it makes me very proud and satisfied")--increased bonds among the Californians, and Timmins gave Lee his proxy to attend the Mar. USTTA Executive Committee Meeting at Colorado Springs. Y.C. was then two months shy of his 68th birthday.
At its Sept. 25, '92 E.C. Meeting, the USTTA's new Officials Committee--its purpose: "to recruit, develop, and compensate tournament officials"--came into being, and at the Dec. World Doubles Cup/ U.S. National's, where he was Tournament Referee, Lee was chosen (for a term ending May 31, 1996) to chair it. The Committee then began to envision, plan, and bring about a series of (what would become yearly) umpire and referee seminars and clinics. Also, an "Officials' View" column, by Azmy Ibrahim, began appearing in each issue of the now USA Table Tennis (USATT, not USTTA) magazine.
In 1994 and '95, in addition to being the Deputy Tournament Chair for the Chinese New Year International, Y.C. also held that position for the U.S. Opens under Tournament Chair Jiing Wang. After the '94 Anaheim, CA U.S. Open, Tournament Director Timmins, in a very complete Report made public, acknowledged that the major criticisms were "too many mistakes in the draw, an unrealistic playing schedule and some shortcomings in communication and presentation." In '95, at the Anaheim U.S. Open (and later that year at the Las Vegas Closed), Y.C. as Tournament Director, would have to try to address and solve these and no doubt other problems. When you have almost 700 players in 63 events out on the courts, there are bound to be difficulties--and, though this '95 Open and others would make money, Y.C. would be as vulnerable to criticism as many another who accepted ultimate responsibility.
Earlier, the USATT, mindful of its officials, had asked Tim Boggan, as ITTF Vice President for North America, if he could plead the cause of Umpires, urge the ITTF to rescind its Directive, strongly favored by ITTF President Ichiro Ogimura, that Match Officials at World Championships and World Title Games be automatically rejected if they were "more than 60 years of age." This rescission, after a presentation before the ITTF Executive Board in Tokyo in Jan., 1994, Boggan was later able to effect, with help from some colleagues, by insisting at the ITTF Council Meeting in Tianjin, China, in June, that the question be called. After all, the USATT Officials Committee now had an evaluation system in place, and so the only discriminating question that ought to be asked is, "Does this umpire do a good job?"
As a result of this rescission, Y.C. was able to umpire at the '95 World Championships in Tianjin. Could he see the ball? I should think so. Six months earlier, hadn't he paired with 1948 World Mixed Doubles Champion Tybie Thall Sommer to win the Over 70 Mixed Doubles (and a Silver in Men's Doubles with Neil Smyth) at the Huntsman World Senior Games in St. George, Utah?
This question of just which officials were going to be selected for "plum" officiating assignments at home and especially abroad would continue to be a thorny one, since more and more of them--as typified by the now (Jan. 1, 1995) 47 U.S. International Umpires--would rise up through the ranks to qualify. But at least a mechanism to try to resolve the assignments fairly was set up--an Appointment Subcommittee.
Following Y.C.'s umpiring duties in Tianjin, he was the Referee at the '95 Atlanta World Team Cup--where the U.S. Men's Team, in reaching the semi's, had its best showing since the late 1940's.
Also, in '94 and '95, Lee, as Deputy General Manager to Team Leader and Sponsor Jiing Wang, accompanied U.S. Teams to the King Car International Youth Championships in Taipei, Taiwan. In an article in the USATT magazine, Wang gave great credit to Y.C. for his '94 involvement:
"...Y.C. Lee, Deputy General Manager of the Taiwan Trip, was involved in organizing this Taiwan trip from the very beginning, even though he was not planning to go with the team at the beginning due to previous engagements. He graciously agreed to help me when I told him that the team was larger than we originally planned. He quickly changed his plans [in order] to go with us, entirely at his own expense. He was a great help to me before and during the trip. He interfaced well with the Taiwan Tournament Committee, especially when I was tied up with other matters. The Tournament Committee recognized his contribution to the success of this tournament and decided to give him a personal achievement award. This award was not for me or the team, it was especially for Y.C. Lee. I would like to take this opportunity to thank him for his help and hope he will continue to help in future tournaments. I think the players and parents should also thank him for his help."
In 1995, Y.C. ran for USATT Vice President ("I will run USATT like my own business," was one of his campaign promises)--and, with Terry Timmins as President, was elected to office. On June 30, he made the following proposal to the E.C.:
"... to appoint Y.C. Lee to the position of Tournament Director/Trainer for the 1995 U.S. Nationals and the 1996 U.S. Open with the option to direct the 1996 U.S. Nationals, the 1997 U.S. Open, 1997 U.S. Nationals and 1998 U.S. Open. Estimated savings to USATT budget will be $5600 per tournament with a possible total savings of $33,600 in three years. Six Deputy Tournament Directors will be trained to be Tournament Directors for future major USATT tournaments...."
At the July 9-10 E.C. Meeting in Anaheim, this Proposal--in which Y.C. as Tournament Director would also develop "a computer operation system," and a "Handbook for 5-Star Tournament Directors" was accepted. He would receive no salary, just expenses.
No responsibility seemed too much for Y.C. to handle. Now he was also the Chair of the just formed Organizational Committee--his duties to "Oversee and develop recommendations on nominations, elections, ethics, disciplinary, and legislative matters." Surely he'd become a full-time, unpaid employee of the Association?
As expected, he was the Referee at both the newly established Gilbert Cup International, played at Merv Griffin's Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, and at the Olympic Trials. He was then invited by the ITTF as a Special Guest to attend the '96 Olympic Games themselves.
Since the '96 U.S. Open (and hopefully subsequent ones), had become part of the ITTF's new Pro Tour, the demands on Lee as Tournament Director were greater, the burden heavier--particularly with regard to recognizing, and presenting the matches of, the world's elite players. Recognition, Y.C. knew, was important, and it was gratifying to him to see presented at this Open the first annual Dr. Michael Scott Award for deserving umpires.
Lee then hurried off from Fort Lauderdale to Curacao for another International event, the South American Championships, where he himself would umpire.
Seeing all these world-class players may, consciously or unconsciously, have helped Y.C.'s own table tennis game, for in '96 and '97 he won back-to-back U.S. Open Championships--the Over 70 Doubles with, first, Michael Scott, then Szu-Huang Shieh.
After warming up as the Referee for the U.S. National Team Trials at the Oakbrook Training Center in Michigan, Lee followed the Team to the 1997 Manchester, England World Championships where he'd been selected as Deputy Referee. Later, in June of '98, he'd also hold that position at the Japan Open.
Back home, Y.C. joined President Timmins and other members of the USATT Board of Directors in voting for some controversial changes in election procedures. No longer would each USATT member vote for Association officers as they had for decades; now their choices were limited, for there would be Regional representation on the Board, and Board members themselves would elect their executive officers.
Since Lee was universally recognized, even by his critics (and those in power always have them) as a dedicated worker, and since Timmins could say that the USATT's "financial house is in order, our reputation with sponsors is impeccable, and revenues have never been higher," this change in the election procedure, so unpopular with many, probably more than any other factor (though Table Tennis History tells us that voters automatically get tired of incumbents) contributed to Timmins and Lee's defeat in the 1998 USATT elections.
However, the new administrations, headed by President Jim McQueen and then our first woman President, Sheri Soderberg Pittman, continued to utilize Lee's talents and his unabating energy. He remained as Officials Committee Chair, and as Tournament Chair for the U.S. Open and Closed.
Since, going into the new millenium, Y.C. not only was inducted into the California Hall of Fame, but the USATT Hall of Fame for his many contributions, you might say that he has undergone, and successfully endured, as former President Timmins once put it, a "trial by fire."


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Please see below for a list of the Energy Group Sponsors.
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Holman Christian Standard (CSB) | New International Version (NIV) |
10 But the Day of the Lord will come like a thief; on that [day] the heavens will pass away with a loud noise, the elements will burn and be dissolved, and the earth and the works on it will be disclosed. | 10 But the day of the Lord will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear with a roar; the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and everything in it will be laid bare. |
Holman Christian Standard Bible ® Copyright © 2003, 2002, 2000, 1999 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. (Holman Christian Standard Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |