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Sony Corp. has expanded its SxS-1 memory card assortment with a new generation of media offering 50 percent faster transfer speed and twice the capacity of previous models.
The company has also has expanded its XDCAM Professional Disc product line with the addition of a quad-layer 128 GB disc with more than 2.5 times the capacity of the dual-layer 50 GB disc and 5.5 times the capacity of the single-layer 23 GB disc.
The new generation SBS64G1A and SBS32G1A SxS-1 memory cards can transfer data at up to 1.2 Gbps via the ExpressCard slot, without the need for special adapters. That's 50 percent faster than the previous generation of SxS-1 memory cards.
This new feature supports the transfer speed requirements of the new PMW-500 camcorder, contributing a significant improvement to the XDCAM workflow with ultra-fast ingest times. Now professional users will be able to transfer 120 minutes of HD422 content directly to a laptop in eight minutes in the case of 64 GB model.
The new quad-layer Professional Disc, model PFD-128QLW, leverages Sony's blue-laser technologies and newly developed high density recording mechanism. At 128 GB capacity, one quad-layer disc has enough capacity to back up two fully recorded 64 GB SxS-1 memory cards.
Professional users can record up to four hours of HD content on this quad-layer disc when recording in MPEG HD422 mode at 50 Mbps. In DVCAM mode, users can record about 7 hours 50 minutes of content onto the new disc.
The PFD128QLW media is compatible with new XDCAM products planned for availability in summer 2011, including the XDS-PD2000 deck. The quad-layer disc is also designed for optimum performance with future versions of the XDCAM system.
The quad-layer PFD128QLW is a five-inch write-once optical disc with a track pitch of 0.32 μm, encased in a protective cartridge designed to be resistant to dust, shock and X-rays. With the new disc, users can expect long record times for high quality content, more than 1,000,000 read cycles, under specified operating conditions, and an estimated archival life of more than 50 years, according to Sony testing.
The new quad-layer disc will be available in the summer of 2011, coinciding with the launch of the next generation of XDCAM products. Suggested list price is to be determined.
For more information, visit www.sony.com.
Zaxcom offers digital recording wireless transmitter
Zaxcom is now offering a new TRX900LTS (LTS) digital recording wireless transmitter, which supports two lavaliere microphones and independent transmission of two isolated audio channels, all on a single RF carrier signal. The unit allows users to, for the first time ever, wirelessly transmit a stereo image from talent via a single body pack. The LTS records timecode-stamped, two-channel, back-up audio directly within the body pack to eliminate the risk of audio loss due to interference or signal dropout. Each LTS unit also features 100-percent digital wireless transmission and an internal SMPTE timecode reader/generator.
The company also markets the TRX900LT digital audio transmitter, which combines wireless transmission, recording, and remote control receiving functions into a single, low-cost system. With 100-percent digital transmission for audio quality that rivals a hard-wired system, all audio transmissions from the TRX900LT are fully encrypted to eliminate the possibility of production audio interception and theft. With a patented internal timecode-referenced audio recorder that backs up all wireless transmissions on a removable microSD card, the TRX900LT eliminates the possibility of audio loss due to interference or signal dropout.
Designed to be extremely lightweight and durable, the TRX900LT is housed in a high-strength, impact-resistant nylon polymer casing that provides protection from both corrosion and water damage.
Looking to help camera operators with tape-based camera record to solid-state media, or provide operators with a second option for recording their footage, several companies now offer small, lightweight options. AJA Video Systems http://www.aja.com/ has introduced its new Ki Pro Mini. Like its predecessor, the portable recorder captures and saves files in the Apple ProRes 422 format directly from camera. This makes the 10-bit 4:2:2 files immediately ready for editing For production, the lightweight flash disk recorder mounts easily to most digital cameras and can fit in small spaces for POV and other types of "B" roll shots. Ki Pro Mini offers support for SDI & HDMI cameras and key features including 10-bit full-raster recording to Apple ProRes 422 SD and HD formats (including HQ, LT and Proxy); recording of SD/HD files from digital video cameras to Compact Flash (CF) cards; Mac OS X friendly media and native QuickTime files-no log-and-capture required; professional video connectivity through SD/HD SDI and HDMI I/O; 2 channels of balanced XLR audio with switch selectable line/mic levels; 8 channels of embedded digital audio over SDI and HDMI; flexible control options including familiar front panel and web browser interfaces; as well as optional Ki Pro Mini Mounting Plates that attach to hot shoes, battery plates and virtually any other accessory bracket. The Ki Pro Mini records native Apple ProRes 422 QuickTime files onto CF cards, which are formatted as HFS+ volumes that are instantly connected to a Mac computer via off-the-shelf CF card readers. The unit will ship in October for $1,995. Convergent Design http://www.convergent-design.com/ continues to find success with its field-tested nanoFlash recorder, which is being used in an ever-widening variety of production applications and HD camera models. The unit has even been used for difficult POV (Point of View) Shots, in tandem with small cameras from Toshiba, Iconix and Hitachi, among others. The nanoFlash utilizes the Sony XDCAM 422 (MPEG-2) Codec, with bit-rates up to 180 Mbps (Long-GOP) or 280 Mbps (I-Frame). The video and uncompressed audio (now up to 8 channels) is stored on affordable Compact Flash media in QuickTime, MXF or MPG file formats. These files can be edited in Avid, Final Cut Pro, Premiere, Vegas, or Edius or played directly off the Compact Flash cards. The low-power (<6W), lightweight (<1 lb), rugged all-aluminum construction makes nanoFlash ideal for intense, high-G applications in the cramped space inside helicopters, acrobatic airplanes, and racecars. These attributes also make nanoFlash the recorder of choice for many underwater shots as well as 3-D applications (where two recorders can be simultaneously triggered). Finally, nanoFlash is starting to gain acceptance in the presentation market for both tradeshows and traveling museums, where video quality and portability are paramount concerns. The company recently launched a 3-D version of the nanoflash and there's a new firmware upgrade for existing models that includes 8-Channel audio, variable frame rate (over/under crank), loop recording and expanded XDCAM Optical support. Finally a company called Atomos http://atomos.com/ has introduced its Ninja recorder, with a built-in color LCD monitor. The Ninja implements Apple ProRes in hardware to provide real-time, 10-bit recording anytime, anywhere. It interfaces well with HDMI-compatible video and consumer camcorders, as well as DSLRs. The Ninja uses low cost 2.5 Notebook HDD or SSD hard drives. Spinning HDDs are for everyday use, in normal conditions, while solid-state SSDs can be used in more rugged locations. A 750GB/5400 rpm drive holds eight hours of high quality Apple ProRes footage. These are housed securely inside the Atomos Master Caddy, which locks inside the Ninja. The drives are hot swappable, which means inserting new drives on the fly is a snap. The unit is powered by an Active/Passive system, which accommodates two batteries that can be hot swapped for continuous recording. When the active battery is depleted, the Ninja automatically switches to the fully charged passive battery. Operators can swap batteries on the fly without affecting operation. The Ninja's tight Apple ProRes integration means recorded footage is instantly and natively editable in Final Cut Pro. Standard computer connections, such as FireWire 800, USB 2/3 or e-SATA, are provided to give users flexibility when connecting to their MacBook, iMac or MacPro. Simply insert the Master Caddy into the Master Caddy Dock provided and you can begin editing immediately. The Ninja has just four main functions: Record, Stop, Monitor and Play. The user interface is designed for one-touch operation with every function clearly visible and accessible. The Ninja is designed to sit silently on or near the camera or camera operator, so it s small, light yet tough. Made from lightweight, high-grade aluminum, the connectors, storage and batteries are all easily accessible. Line level audio provides higher quality audio than most cameras offer, and the 1/4 headphone out allows for audio monitoring level adjustment. A LANC loop is included to allow the Ninja to be operated remotely.
Audio recording and mixing equipment supplier Zaxcom has received a U.S. patent for the company's virtual wireless multitrack recording systems. Patent Number 7,711,443 covers the entire Zaxcom TRX family of digital wireless systems with built-in backup recording.
The Zaxcom TRX family of digital recording wireless systems allows users to automatically and simultaneously record multiple tracks of digital audio while wirelessly transmitting the signals. The ability to perform all these functions in a single, compact, reliable system reduces equipment weight and cost while also safeguarding against the risk of lost audio, said Glenn Sanders, president of Zaxcom.
All technologies in Zaxcom's TRX product line feature 100 percent digital transmission for audio quality that rivals a hard-wired system, and are superior to all analog and hybrid wireless units. With the optional patented internal timecode-referenced audio recorder, each TRX system can be used to back up all wireless transmissions on a removable microSD card. This helps eliminate the possibility of audio loss due to interference or signal dropout. Features include support for reception of IFB audio, timecode, and remote control signals.
A pioneer in audio technologies for sound mixing and ENG professionals, Zaxcom engineered the first digital wireless microphone and the first wireless microphone to feature integrated audio recording, IFB receivers, and time code transmission.
For more information, visit http://www.zaxcom.com.
Panasonic has announced a new line of professional Blu-ray Disc media designed for secure digital data archiving in professional applications.
The new recordable Blu-ray Disc (BD-R) will be available in two grades—Archival Grade and Century Archival Grade. The new media will be available in the 2nd and 3rd quarter, respectively, of this year.
The Archival Grade discs have an expected archival life of more than 50 years at a room temperature of 77 degrees F and a relative humidity of 80 percent. TV Rheinland, the quality and safety certification institution has verified the high durability of the discs. All archival discs will be inspected and certified to keep the professional quality, ensuring further enhanced durability. The Century Archival Grade disc features a new recording layer structure that ensures longer shelf life. The disc's recording layers are protected on both sides with newly developed layers that are extremely close-grained to keep out external materials such as water and dust. The Century Archival Grade Disc has an estimated life of 100 years.
Both Archival and Century Archival discs feature "Tough Coating," a double protective layer with hard coat and cover layers for added durability and high elasticity. The new hard coat is designed with a harder material that is more resistant to scratches and fingerprints and offers superior repellency against water and oil. The elastic cover layer material protects against pressure marks.
Both models will have inkjet printable type and thermal printable type.
Convergent Design unveils nano3D
Sony will display a prototype memory card for its SR recording system at NAB that stores up to 1 TB on a single card. The card includes a guaranteed transfer rate of up to 5 Gbps, making it ideally sited to 4K and 3D production. It also features multi-channel HD high frame rate recording, data security (equivalent to RAID 5) and users can cue up a scene in a mere four frames.
The card is designed to go into the company's new SRW-9000 handled SR camcorder, complete with three 2/3-inch sensors, and PL lens mount.
Sony is also talking about showing a Quad Layer optical disc for its XDCAM HD recording system, capable of storing twice as much information as the latest Blu-Ray disc.
Harris Develops Native XDCAM File Interchange Between Nexio Servers And Avid HD Systems
Due to new development work and a technology sharing partnership between the two companies, Harris Corp.'s Nexio AMP and Nexio XS video servers now support Avid file interchange of native Sony XDCAM HD (4:2:2) material when using Avid's Interplay Transfer software.
The Harris Nexio server product line has long supported native Sony XDCAM file formats—including XDCAM, XDCAM HD422 and XDCAM EX. The Avid Interplay Transfer support of Sony XDCAM HD422 native files between Nexio and Avid HD News production and editing systems is a new breakthrough that simplifies and improves the HD news production process.
This tighter integration allows customers editing XDCAM HD content within Avid HD news production and editing systems to seamlessly transfer that content to and from Harris Nexio servers. The media remains native throughout the ingest, editing and playout process, eliminating the multi-generational loss often associated with format transcoding.
The new development benefits broadcasters that are using Harris Nexio servers with Avid production products, such as the NewsCutter and Media Composer editing systems, and Avid Interplay system. While Avid customers typically use Avid storage systems, such as Avid Unity ISIS for caching their work during editing and production, they often employ the Harris Nexio server to import newly acquired footage into Avid systems or export their finished Avid files to Nexio for playout to air.
As part of the new workflow compatibility, Harris is offering a free software upgrade that enables existing Nexio AMP platforms and previous-generation Nexio XS model servers to support native XDCAM HD422 file transfers via Avid Interplay Transfer. The new Harris Nexio Volt server, which offers an economical, slimmed-down version of the AMP feature set, also supports the new native Avid XDCAM HD422 workflow with the addition of inexpensive, external hardware.
The nanoFlash Recorder now captures 8-channel audio for true surround sound productions. Convergent Design, makers of nonoFlash, the world's smallest, lightest-weight, lowest-power, camera-mounted HD/SD recorder/player, has released new beta firmware that allows users to perform 8-channel audio recording, capture images at variable frame rates (over/under crank), and do loop recording so they never miss a shot. There's also expanded support for Sony's XDCAM optical disc recording system. This new firmware marks the 4th major upgrade to the nanoFlash since its introduction last August 2009.
The nanoFlash utilizes the Sony XDCAM 4:2:2 (MPEG-2) codec, with bit-rates up to 180 Mbps (Long-GOP) or 280 Mbps (I-Frame). The video and uncompressed audio (now up to 8 channels) is stored on affordable Compact Flash media in QuickTime, MXF or MPG file formats. These files can be edited in Avid, Final Cut Pro, Premiere, Vegas, or Edius or played directly off the Compact Flash cards.
The nanoFlash is used for a variety of applications, but has found success with those shooters looking to upgrade the video quality of solid-state camcorders such as the Sony EX3, JVC 700, and Sony Z5U. By increasing the bit-rate (up to 50 Mbps or higher) and employing 4:2:2 full-raster sampling, nanoFlash provides a significant improvement to recorded images.
The nanoFlash is also increasingly being mounted on tape-based cameras, such as the Sony F800, Panasonic VariCam and Canon XL-H1, to allow the user to leverage a file-based, tapeless workflow and improve the quality of the video. As a testament to the video quality, the nanoFlash is now used on the high-end Grass Valley Viper FilmStream and Sony F35 cameras as their primary (on-line) recorder.
The Convergent Designs solid-state recorder is also being widely used as a POV (Point of View) camera recorder for products from Toshiba, Iconix and Hitachi, among others. The low-power (<6W), lightweight (<1 lb), rugged all-aluminum construction makes nanoFlash ideal for intense, high-G applications in the cramped space inside helicopters, acrobatic airplanes, and race cars. These attributes also make nanoFlash ideally suited to underwater shooting as well as 3-D applications (where two recorders can be simultaneously triggered).
The new firmware brings 8-channel audio support for 5.1 and 7.1 audio programs as well as Holophone recording. Loop recording provides 24/7 continuous record for applications such as earthquake monitoring and surveillance. Variable frame rate recording (over/under crank) enables slow and fast motion recording. Finally, expanded XDCAM optical support adds compatibility for 50Mbps HD 422, 35 Mbps HD 4:2:0, and 30/40/50 Mbps SD IMX formats.
The new firmware is available to all nanoFlash and Flash XDR users as a free upgrade; downloadable from www.convergent-design.com. Convergent Design will demonstrate the nanoFlash at the upcoming NAB show, April 12-15, booth C11731.
The Cinedeck/Extreme unit is portable and can be mounted to a variety of cameras. At NAB Cinedeck will be exhibiting (in the CineForm booth) its new Cinedeck/Extreme, a portable box that weighs less than four pounds and is the first in a series of camera-mountable devices that double as digital disk recorders and camera-mounted LCD screens.
It records 10-bit 4:2:2 or 12-bit 4:4:4 files in the CineForm intermediate codec, captured via (dual-link) HD-SDI or HDMI input, to off-the-shelf solid-state drives. It supports MPEG-2 compression in an MXF wrapper and, soon, Avid's DNxHD codec.
While it's recording, Cinedeck/Extreme doubles as a touch-screen focus monitor, complete with on-screen histogram, aspect ratio guides, and audio recording levels. The screen resolution is half-HD, with a pixel-for-pixel option for detail viewing.
Shots can be played back immediately using on-screen controls, and the output options include the ability to burn in metadata, allowing, for example, the instant creation of dailies with burned-in timecode.
The unit consists of a tiny computer running Windows XP software. It could even be used as an external monitor, mouse and keyboard in the field to drive NLE software for editing in the field or on set. (Optional dual-boot OS and boot disk upgrades are recommended.)
Company reps said the Cinedeck/Extreme was designed with digital cinematography in mind. For example, when you begin recording, the on-board fan slows down to minimize noise during production. (It will come back on once the internal temperature becomes critical.) The fan can even be changed out for a more powerful unit, in case you're shooting under especially hot conditions.
At the Nab Show, Cinedeck will display a number of different configurations to addres different applications. This includes a unit in a 12-inch form factor for portable 3D viewing and another that supports 2K recording, as well as an HDMI-only version geared toward DSLRs.
For more information, visit www.cinedeck.com.
Frontniche modifies Panasonic Blu-ray recorder for broadcasters
The Frontniche recorders reproduce films with colors that are exceptionally faithful to the original. UK-based Frontniche has modified two versions of a Panasonic Blu-ray disc recorder for broadcast and post production applications.
The model BMR-BS850HSDI and BMR-BS750HDSDI Blu-ray Disc recorders have either 500 GB or 250 GB HDD drives, twin HD satellite tuners, SD memory card slot and USB terminal. They are the first models with an HD-SDI plus embedded audio O/P.
Frontniche said the recorders reproduce films with colors that are exceptionally faithful to the original. The combination of the Blu-ray Disc software encoding technology cultivated by the Panasonic Hollywood Laboratory (PHL) and the decoding technology accumulated by Panasonic has led to the development of the "PHL Reference Chroma Processor Plus," a high quality image technology for faithfully reproducing film content.
The recorders operate at 1080P @ 50/60 Hz as well as at 576i, 576p, 720p, and 1080i. There's a 1080 @ 24p for ideal film reproduction. They feature a genlock option, Dolby 5.1 embedded audio option and hardwire remote control option. They are compatible with Freesat and include a 2 RU mount.
For more information, visit frontniche.co.uk.
Sound Devices has developed its new 788T-SSD solid-state digital audio recorder, a new version of its popular 788T recorder. The new 788T-SSD includes a 256 GB solid-state hard drive, which allows for superior performance in the field. The new model features enhanced data storage and transfer speed while improving its durability to be nearly impervious to shock.
Sound Devices introduced solid-state recording with CompactFlash cards for the 7-Series recorders in 2004 and the feature is now available in all Sound Devices 7-Series recorders. An internal 256 GB solid-state drive (SSD) in the 788T-SSD gives it the ability to record over 60 hours of uncompressed, 24-bit, eight-track audio to solid-state media, providing users with high quality audio recording, durability and extended record time.
In addition to its shock-resistant design, the SSD drive used in the 788T-SSD enhances data transfer due to its increased transfer speed. The high-performance SSD media in the 788T-SSD has faster read and write speeds than the 160 GB hard drive in the standard 788T. Like the standard 788T, the 788T-SSD is equipped with eight full-featured microphone inputs and 12 tracks of recording. In a stainless steel and aluminum chassis weighing less than four pounds and roughly the size of a hard-covered novel, the 788T accommodates individual controls and connectors for each of its eight inputs, plus numerous additional I/O and data connections.
Based in Reedsburg, Wisconsin, Sound Devices, designs and manufactures portable audio mixers, digital recorders and related audio equipment for feature film, episodic television, documentary, and newsgathering applications.
Frontniche has introduced a professionally modified Pioneer Blu-ray DVD player featuring 3G/HDSDI/SDI, embedded audio O/P and multi-region playback capability.
The BDP-V6000HDSDI was designed for the broadcast and post production industries, and also can be used for driving professional projectors in viewing room theatres where only an HD/SDI/P are available. With the hard wire remote control, the product is also ideal for HD and SD ingest.
The player incorporates support for Blu-ray Disc and DVD media in both NTSC and PAL formats. Additionally, the player offers 1080P at 50/60 Hz, a genlock option and RS-232C support for control by remote devices or through the Frontniche Proprietary Control Software.
Users can navigate through a disc's title, chapter and time code menus quickly and easily. The unit outputs 30 and 25 frames per second, and supports playback of all BD regional titles. One gigabyte of memory allows new video content to be downloaded to the player from BD-Live without having to re-master a BD disc while a USB 2.0 port supports external devices to expand BD Live storage capacity.
DVEO, the broadcast division of San Diego-based Computer Modules, Inc. has announced that availability of the DVEO Millennia HD H.264/AVC digital disk recorder. Applications include TV sports, reality television and portable journalist back packs. The new DVEO recorder has both removable 120 GB hard drive and compact flash card storage. Its native H.264 codec provides recording of 1080i or 720p content from HD cameras onto the inexpensive media. Designed as a rugged recorder/encoder for cameras that support the HD-SDI standard, the Millennia HD is a real time, hardware based, 1920 x 1080i H.264/AVC recorder in a 8-inch x 6-inch x 3-inch package that records and encodes simultaneously. This product, the company said, is designed for anyone seeking a small, portable, and rugged DDR. Additional capabilities include H.264 encoding/decoding to or from DVB-ASI. It also supports LTC time code. For more information, visit www.computermodules.com.
Too many computer users know the score. Their hard disc drives crashes, but they failed to do a proper backup. The inaccessible data is nearly always valuable, and it will take hours to recreate it.
After trying a few well-known do-it-yourself data recovery programs, the computer owner takes the drive to a repair shop desperate for help. Usually, the advice is sent it to DriveSavers, the worldwide leader in data recovery services.
Based in Novato, California, DriveSavers handles more dropped, damaged, corrupted and traumatized drives in one day than most data recovery providers do in one month. Their diverse list of customers, who have paid for the pricey data recovery services, include Google, Lucasfilm, the Bank of America, NASA, Harvard University, the Salvation Army and the Rolling Stones.
Now, DriveSavers has announced the capability to successfully recover video data from Panasonic's P2 flash memory cards. P2 cards, used by videographers around the world, are solid-state memory cards in a PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) format developed specifically for use in video camcorders.
About the size of a credit card, P2 cards contain four high-speed flash memory cards laid out in a RAID array. These solid-state drives are housed in rugged metal shells for use by production crews to store large amounts of digital video data for high-definition productions.
"P2 cards are considered to be one of the most durable video storage mediums available," said Michael Hall, chief information security officer at DriveSavers. "But, like all removable media, they are inherently susceptible to physical failure and data will inevitably need to be recovered from these devices. We have successfully researched the cards and have the ability to overcome physical and logical failures of these devices."
Hall said working on P2 cards to recover video is a more complex process than a standard hard drive, though the price for recovery is about the same. Not only do P2 cards have different interfaces than hard drives, but they also contain a pair of chips acting in a RAID configuration. The causes of failure vary, Hall said, but are usually in the logical or physical category.
With a logical failure, the P2 card is still accessible. But the data set is corrupt or it may appear as if the data was erased. With a physical failure, the card is inaccessible. That's usually caused by an accident or failed electronic component.
If a videographer loses important footage with a P2 card, DriveSavers said the card should be kept protected to prevent further damage. If it has been damaged by water, the card should be shipped to DriveSavers quickly in a zip lock bag. Once corrosion occurs, it makes the recovery much more difficult to achieve. If the card has been physically destroyed, the user should collect all the pieces and send them immediately to DriveSavers.
If you're worried about security, DriveSavers adheres to U.S. Government security protocols to ensure that no data is ever compromised during data recovery. The company maintains the most technologically advanced Certified ISO 5 (Class 100) cleanroom in the industry and is authorized to open drives by all major storage device manufacturers without voiding the warranty.
DriveSaver's P2 services aren't cheap, but it's perhaps much lower than reshooting scenes. Prices for recovering data from an 8GB P2 card begin at $1,000. For a free estimate, call (800) 440-1904.
For more information, visit www.drivesaversdatarecovery.com/.
Panasonic now offers new 16GB and 32GB E Series P2 cards that provide high quality recording for an average of five years with normal operation. Incorporating a newly-developed memory technology, E Series P2 cards transfer recorded content at a faster rate (up to 1.2Gbps) than professional solid-state memory cards offered by other manufacturers, according to Panasonic. For example, users can transfer a full 16GB E Series card's content (any format) in less than two minutes. E Series cards offer the same high-quality recording and capacity as standard Panasonic P2 solid-state memory cards, and feature Panasonic's signature aluminum die cast casing for exceptional durability compared to plastic-based memory card products. Unlike other disc-based or solid-state recording systems, P2 cards are a high-speed bit bucket, offering high-quality video recording and optimum flexibility, including reliable performance, instant access to content and compatibility with all P2 camcorders, P2 recorders and workflow tools and all major nonlinear editors and servers. P2 cards store content in the complete range of P2-supported frame rates and formats, from high definition to standard definition and from DVCPRO to AVC-Intra 100. P2 cards offer recording of video, audio, and metadata in any environment, even in challenging conditions of extreme temperature. E Series P2 cards are reusable for up to five years when recorded on once daily, at full capacity (100%); when used at half capacity (50%), the cards can continue to record for up to 10 years. A notification is given (in the camcorder's LCD/viewfinder or the card reader's display) as the card approaches the end of its life cycle. The E Series cards are designed to work with Panasonic's full line of P2 camcorders, recorders and workflow tools. A free E Series firmware upgrade for P2 equipment is required for optimum performance.* Additional free downloads available via Panasonic's website include the P2 Driver upgrade (required for operation of cards on Mac or Windows platforms), and the P2 Formatter, a computer software that allows users to display and track the P2 card's capacity and life. Panasonic P2 memory cards can be connected instantly to laptop and desktop PCs and are supported by major non-linear editing systems. For connection to laptops with ExpressCard slots or desktop computers, professionals can utilize compatible third-party PC card-to-ExpressCard adapters or the Panasonic's AJ-PCD35 five-slot P2 solid-state memory card drive. The new 16GB (model AJ-P2E016X) and 32GB (model AJ-P2E032X) E Series P2 cards cost $420 and $625 respectively. A 64GB E Series P2 card will be available in August at a suggested list price of $998. For more information, visit www.panasonic.com/broadcast.
AJA Video Ki Pro Portable Digital Disk Recorder Does It All, In And Out
AJA Video Systems, a leading manufacturer of professional video interface and conversion solutions, showed its Ki Pro portable digital disk recorder, which has been endorsed by top camera manufacturers including ARRI, Canon and RED. Virtually any video and audio source can be fed into Ki Pro to record 10-bit ProRes media that is then immediately available to edit within Apple's Final Cut Studio. The unit is priced at $3,995 and will ship in June. Ki Pro records files to the Apple ProRes codec directly from the camera, allowing filmmakers, broadcasters and video professionals to skip the process of re-rendering to an editing codec by giving immediate access to 10-bit full raster edit-ready ProRes files. The unit provides a new way of connecting production and post with its extensive analog and digital connectivity; Ki Pro allows users to record hours of ProRes media to a removable storage module with built-in FireWire 800, or to 34mm ExpressCard Flash, for immediate editing and file access. The unit can connect to any digital camera via SDI or HDMI, or any analog camera with multiple input options.
Portable Recorder/Players Speed Up Workflow from the Field
It is quite common today to shoot file-based field video onto solid-state, flash-based media. But what happens next to the recorded video can add tremendous speed to the post workflow. Several manufacturers, including Sony, Panasonic and Ikegami, offer very lightweight field recorder/players that allow an assistant to begin logging video clips seconds after shooting. While production goes on, logging and copying of video can begin right on the set. Panasonic recently introduced the AG-HPG20 portable for P2 users. Featuring AVC-Intra recording, the 2.5-pound device brings easy playback, recording and file copying of 10-bit, 4:2:2 content to field and studio work. Equipped with two P2 card slots and a 3.5-inch LCD monitor, the device lets the user view content immediately in a variety of formats. The Panasonic portable also serves as a low-cost, master-quality deck. The unit's HD/SD-SDI input terminal gives the flexibility of HD or SD line recording from a wide range of video sources, bridging content to and from older tape-based systems and new HD-SDI infrastructures. Sony has two portable devices in this category, the PDW-R1 mobile field recorder/player and the PDW-V1 field viewer. The DW-R1 is a portable 10.3 pound VTR that can be used as a pool-feed recorder, backup recorder, or standalone deck. This device is capable of playing back and recording both MPEG IMX and DVCAM without the need of any external device. The PDW-V1 is a portable, 7.7 pound VTR capable of playing back both MPEG IMX and DVCAM. Proxy files, which are small MPEG-4 file duplicates of actual footage, can be viewed up to 30x faster than real time via the simple thumbnail search function on both machines. The R1 model has an RS-422A interface for use in both linear and nonlinear editing systems. Ikegami is offering a portable and a player for its GF series flash memory camcorder. They are the new GFS-P10 Station Portable player/recorder and the GFS-V10PL playback deck. The GF system, introduced in 2005 with partner Toshiba, offers HD 1080i/720p format support, an open-codec HD/SD architecture, proxy video, and metadata. Recording and playback is in the MPEG2 HD422 format. The Station Portable, half-rack wide and 3 RU high, provides a jog/shuttle dial and other VTR-style controls plus cuts-only editing of GFPak video clips. An Ethernet port allows the device to transfer GFPak material via Gigabit Ethernet. A built-in up-/down-/cross-converter is included for playback of HD and SD content, as well as a composite video output for monitoring or playout. The GFS-V10PL, also half-rack wide and 2 RU high, is a low-cost desktop playback machine for producers or news directors to view raw GFPak footage. It includes Ethernet, 9-pin RS 4:2:2 connectivity, and a DVI-D video output. Prices of the Ikegami devices were not yet available. Wrangler Allows Efficient P2 Workflow in the Field
A Somerville, Mass.-based manufacturer of PC-based video editing, compositing and storage systems called 1 Beyond Digital Video Systems, has responded to the needs of P2 shooters who desire rapid ingest, scene viewing, and video editing in the field while shooting. The Wrangler P2 Portable Tapeless Field Ingest/Edit System allows the rapid unload of P2 memory cards, the instant review or adding of metadata to video clips, and high-resolution video preview. As an option, the system allows in-field editing for rough cuts, daily reviews connected to an HD LCD or projector, and instant on-set play for green screen chroma keys. In news applications, the Wrangler can also be used for remote ENG applications to quickly upload and air video news clips. There are two Wrangler models. The basic unit has a 17-inch LCD screen, solid-state system/applications disk for high reliability, and two raided video GoHDCart drive cartridges. The unit weights 39 pounds and sells for $6,995. A Wrangler Pro model has a 20-inch LCD screen, solid-state system/applications disk for high reliability, and six raided video GoHDCart drive cartridges. It weighs 51 pounds and sells for $12,995. Both units feature parallel multi-P2 unloading with simultaneous writing to multiple devices. No computer knowledge is necessary, since the units operate like appliances. The GoHDCart drives feature 320GB disk cartridges operating at 7200 RPM with cast aluminum housing and rubber shock absorbers. They feature optional 256-bit encryption. The Wrangler is certified to work on the Avid Media Composer, MoJo DX, Adobe CS3 suite, Matrox Axio, RTX-2, AJA Xena HD, Blackmagic (all), Grass Valley Edius, SP, and Storm. The Pro model can instantly connect to up to five Macintosh or PCs for collaborative instant access. For more information, visit www.1beyond.com New Generation of Video Monitors Raises Quality While Bringing Costs Down
Accurate, critical high-resolution video monitors have always been expensive. However, a new generation of professional-quality HDTV monitors is challenging that trend—keeping quality up while lowering costs. Panasonic's Model BT-LH2550, a new 25.5-inch high-resolution LCD HD production monitor priced at $5,995, is a good example. With a full 1920 x 1200-pixel In-Plane Switching (IPS) panel, this new Panasonic features an expanded color gamut, exceeding the NTSC standard, for critical monitoring at a cost far less than premium-priced reference monitors. Panasonic said the LH2550 offers six color space settings—SMPTE, EBU, ITU-R BT.709, Adobe 2.2, Adobe 1.8 and D-Cinema—to expand the range of colors that can be viewed onscreen for high-end applications. The monitor's image processing engine has a three-dimensional look-up table (LUT) that calibrates it to reproduce content according to the specific color standard selected. At $6,245, Sony's BVMA14F5U 14-inch, 4:3 aspect ratio CRT monitor supports multi-format input, accepting a range of SD and HD signal formats, with the added capability of dual-link HD-SDI input to monitor top-quality images up to 1080/50i and 1080/60i 4:4:4 RGB. Part of Sony's newly-upgraded BVM-A series monitors, the BVMA14F5U is configurable with three different option slots in which the user can choose any combination of the three available input option boards. The monitor also incorporates an all-new Ethernet based control system, allowing standard network cables and hubs to be used for easy configuration, high reliability, and good communication speed. For on-camera mounting, a Houston, Texas-based company called Ikan has introduced the V8000HDe field monitor kit. The new V8000HDe is an eight-inch camera-mounted monitor that works with both SD and HD formats in 16:9 or 4:3 aspect ratios. The kit works with Sony, Canon, Panasonic and JVC camcorders and is priced at $945. For more information, visit Panasonic; Sony; and Ikancorp.
New 64GB P2 Card Boosts Capacity and Transfer Rate
Panasonic is now offering a 64GB P2 solid-state memory card (model AJ-P2C064) that allows professionals to record for hours, offering double the record times of the 32GB P2 card and increased storage capacity for larger high-definition data files. The new P2 card also features an improved transfer rate of up to 800 Mbps for faster transfer and offload of P2 content. The reusable 64GB P2 card can hold more than five hours of DVCPRO footage (356 minutes), two hours of DVCPRO50 or AVC-Intra 50 recordings (128 minutes), or an hour of full raster AVC-Intra 100 or DVCPRO HD content (64 minutes).
With five 64GB P2 cards installed, a VariCam 3700 or AJ-HPX3000 P2 HD camcorder can record for 10 hours and 40 minutes in AVC-Intra 50, or 5.3 hours in AVC-Intra 100 or DVCPRO HD (6 hours and 40 minutes in 1080/24pN mode). Up to 13 hours and 20 minutes can be recorded in AVC-Intra 100 or DVCPRO HD using the 720/24pN mode available in the VariCam 2700 or AJ-HPX2000 P2 HD camcorders.
With P2 solid-state memory cards, users can immediately access recorded content, eliminating the need to digitize or process footage. P2 cards can store the complete range of P2 frame rates and formats, from HD to SD and from DVCPRO to AVC-Intra 100. The P2 card can be connected to a laptop PC with ExpressCard slots by employing a PC card-to-ExpressCard adapter.
The 64GB P2 card (at a suggested list price of $2,600) works with all P2 HD camcorders purchased from May 2007 forward. P2 and P2 HD products purchased prior to that date will need a free, downloadable software upgrade available on the Panasonic website.
For more information, visit www.panasonic.com/broadcast/.
Flash XDR Frees Shooters To Do More
The Flash XDR HD recorder/player from Colorado Springs, Colo.-based Convergent Design is now being used by a variety of applications, highlighting the unit's versatility's and file-based workflow advantages. Everyone from broadcasters to independent feature productions using HD cameras like the fact that it provides native QuickTime files that don't have to be transcoded before working in Final Cut Studio. This saves significant time in post. WJLA, a local TV station in Washington, DC, has tested the unit (and transmitted data directly from it) in the field and, another user, Mark Magin, took one up in his plane during the Oshkosh Air Show (in Oshkosh, Wis.) with POV cameras and, even at 12 Gs of force, it never dropped a frame. "This workflow will save me a lot of money and the hassle of working with tape," said Michael Palmer, an independent shooter and one of the first users. "It also allows me to own the camera at a very affordable price, synch time code of multiple cameras, shade the image on set (via a DIT using a video village setup) and it allows me to capture a 1920x1080 signal straight back to a low-compression, low-price recording device." Palmer recently shot the second season of "Faithful Friends" on the Animal Planet channel with three Sony XDCAM EX-3 cameras. Through his Heads & Tails Productions, in Bon Fall, Calif., he recorded to a Flash XDR box on each camera and backed it up to SXS cards. "The [Flash XDR HD recorder] allows you to choose the compression level you want, irregardless of what the manufacturer dictates," he added. "That's very empowering." Thanks to a licensing agreement with Apple, a new firmware upgrade for the Flash XDR enables QuickTime files to be directly written to the Compact Flash cards. Users will also be able play and edit clips directly from the CF cards via a Firewire-800 reader. The compact unit (2.7 lbs without battery) offers record and playback at 50 Mbps 4:2:2 in 1080i60/50 as well as 720p60/50. Other features—like 24p removal, 1080p formats, and higher bit-rate acquisition--will be enabled in the coming weeks via additional firmware updates. These upgrades can be accessed via a coded download from the company website. (A special Flash XDR Forum has been set up at: www.dvinfo.net/conf/forumdisplay.php?f=60/.) Including four compact flash slots, the unit features an aluminum enclosure with rubberized protective jacket for greater shock and vibration resistance. Card capacity levels are displayed on the LCD screen and metadata is stored in XML file format. Users can also transfer MXF data files into NLE-compatible formats like AVI. HD ASI file support (used by news crews to transmit files directly from the box via microwave) will be available soon, according to the company, and will include selectable bit rates from 17.5 to 100 Mbps in 4:2:0 and 4:2:2 formats. Priced at under $5,000, the company offers specific mounting options for the Canon XL H1 and G1 as well as the Sony XDCAM EX cameras. Other models will follow. Convergent Design is also planning an uncompressed version of their solid-state recorder, which will necessitate large capacity (and expensive) high-speed CF cards and they'll have to be stripped together via a RAID-0 configuration to protect the data. The price for firmware upgrade is $995. For more information, visit www.convergent-design.com
New Hard Disk Recorders Speed Digital Video Workflow
Lightweight and portable hard drives, tied to a camcorder in the field, can offer videographers the ability to record onto both tape and hard drive simultaneously. They greatly speed up workflow by allowing instant editing. The FS-5 Portable Recorder by Focus Enhancements is a new class of recorder, weighing only twelve ounces. It brings direct-to-edit recording technology to most camcorders and enables users to add custom metadata while recording. Featuring a backlit color display with simple menu system, a 100GB hard drive, and a removable, rechargeable battery, the Focus FS-5 passes audio, video, timecode, and control information through a single FireWire cable. It can connect wired or wirelessly via USB 2.0 to an NLE system or PX Media Server. Price is $2,195.
Fast Forward Video's Elite HD, the first camera-mounted digital video recorder and player to deploy the J2K compression codec for recording HD-SDI video signals, works with any camera with a HD-SDI output at 1080i or 720p. Prices begin at $6,234. The Elite HD uses J2K, which provides nearly lossless compression within each frame of recorded output. While most outboard drives record using traditional MPEG based compression systems, the Elite HD is able to capture the full potential of the camera by recording the camera's full, uncompressed signal. The Elite HD can handle up to eight channels of embedded audio. Video is stored to an off-the-shelf, hot-swappable 2.5-inch SATA drive, which provides up to 10 times more storage at a greatly reduced cost. Fast Forward Video's Elite HD, weighing only 1.25 pounds, can be easily detached from the camcorder and connected directly to a nonlinear editing system via USB cable.
Codex Digital has announced a new On Camera recording system set for delivery next spring. It works with HD, 2K and 4K cameras, and can record over two hours of 2K cinema footage, or over four hours of high-end broadcast material. It features many of the same features as the Codex Portable, a recorder used on many high-end productions. The new On Camera recorder offloads footage up to ten times faster than real time, in file-formats ready for editing and compositing. It runs off all standard camera batteries (12-28V). Flexible I/O configurations mean the On-Camera can record from virtually every digital camera available today—including all HD cameras in video mode, plus data-mode from cameras such as the ARRI D-21 and DALSA's Origin, and others as their data ports become available. Pricing will be announced at the time of delivery.
For more information, visit www.focusinfo.com/, www.ffv.com/, and www.codexdigital.com/.
No, tape is not dead. Panasonic Broadcast announced two new advancements in its line of professional digital media – the AMQ-Series Advanced Master Quality tape for professional master-quality HDV, DV and DVCAM recording and the new PQUS-Series Professional Quality Pro DV tape for professional Mini DV recording.
Developed for the U.S. market only, the AMQ tape series provides high performance recording using Panasonic's Super Advanced Metal Evaporation (S-AME) technology. S-AME provides four times the magnetic density of previous tape generations, and +1.2dB higher output than other products on the market, according to Panasonic.
Advancements in Panasonic's proprietary Dry-Type lubricant and robust Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) film development help to increase the tape's durability for high speed shuttling, still-frame, and professional editing. A surface treatment process extends VTR head life and reduces head clogging and dropouts. For professional Mini DV users, the new (U.S. market-only) PQUS tape series utilizes an Advanced Metal Evaporation (AME) technology for that provides a high signal output, consistent durability and optimal tape-to-head contact. The AMQ-Series includes two mini advanced master tapes - AY-HDVM33AMQ (22/33/49 minutes) and AY-HDVM63AMQ (42/63/94 minutes) - and four standard advanced master tapes - AY-HDV96AMQ (64/96/144 minutes), AY-HDV124AMQ (82/124/186 minutes), AY-HDV186AMQ (124/186/279 minutes) and the AY-HDV276AMQ (184/276/414 minutes). The new PQUS mini DV tape series includes the 33-minute AY-DVM33PQUS, the 63-minute AY-DVM63PQUS and the 83-minute AY-DVM83PQUS Mini DV cassettes.
Both AMQ and PQUS tapes are designed with a rugged ABS resin shell construction, which prevents tape warp and cassette housing damage and provides impact-resistant durability. The anti-static cassette lid repels dust and contaminants that can cause dropouts.
AMQ cassettes are packaged in a rugged, side-locking hard case to increase tape protection and prevent against accidental opening. The case's non-slip, ribbed finish and special grooves allow for safe stacking and carrying within the production facility.
Each PQUS cassette comes with a durable, two-way opening case made from a soft resin that will not break if dropped. The two-way lid construction enables users to easily extract the tape with one hand, even while recording.


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CAB (complete androgen blockade): see CHT
cachexia: physical wasting with loss of weight and muscle mass caused by disease
calcification: impregnation with calcium or calcium salts. Also called calcareous infiltration
calcitriol: (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) a hormone related to vitamin D that is synthesized in the liver and kidney and stimulates the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus
calcitonin: a hormone produced by the thyroid that plays a role in regulating calcium levels
cancer: the growth of abnormal cells in the body in an uncontrolled manner; unlike benign tumors, these tend to invade surrounding tissues, and spread to distant sites of the body via the blood stream and lymphatic system
CaP: cancer of the prostate; also PC, PCa
capecitabine (trade name Xeloda®): a drug first used to treat metastatic breast cancer in patients who had not responded well to chemotherapy. In some patients, capecitabine helps shrink tumor size by killing cancer
capsular penetration: tumor extends through the wall of the prostate
capsule: the fibrous tissue that acts as an outer lining of the prostate
CaPSURE™: (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor) is a longitudinal observational study of prostate cancer patients nationwide.
carboplatin:a platinum based compound that is used as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent
carcinoembryonic: relating to a carcinoma-associated substance present in embryonic tissue, as a carcinoembryonic antigen
carcinogen, adj. carcinogenic: a cancer-causing substance or agent
carcinogenesis: the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells
carcinoma: a form of cancer that originates in tissues that line or cover a particular organ; See adenocarcinoma
cardiovascular: referring to the heart and blood vessels
carotenoid: orange, yellow or red-colored accessory photosynthetic pigments, related to vitamin A, found in higher plants and photosynthetic bacteria
Casodex®: brand or trade name of bicalutamide in the USA, a non-steroidal antiandrogen
castrate: a level associated with what occurs after castration; traditionally surgical removal of the testicles; a castrate testosterone is defined by most physicians as less than 20 ng/ml or less than 0.69 nM/L; (nM/L x 28.8 = ng/dl)
castration: the use of surgical or chemical techniques to eliminate testosterone produced by the testes
castration-resistant prostate cancer: progression of disease with serum testosterone controlled below a castrate level
CAT Scan (CT or computerized axial tomography): is a method of combining images from multiple x-rays under the control of a computer to produce cross-sectional or three-dimensional pictures of the internal organs which can be used to identify abnormalities; the CAT scan can identify prostate enlargement but is not always effective for assessing the stage of prostate cancer; for evaluating metastases of the lymph nodes or more distant soft tissue sites, the CAT scan is significantly more accurate
catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without being consumed or produced by the reaction
catheter: a hollow (usually flexible plastic) tube which can be used to drain fluids from or inject fluids into the body; in the case of prostate cancer, it is common for patients to have a transurethral catheter to drain urine for some time after treatment by surgery or some forms of radiation therapy
caudal: a position more toward the tail, than some point of reference
cauterize, cauterization: sear with heat or a caustic substance
cavernous nerves: nerves that facilitate penile erection
CBC: complete blood count; includes the white blood count (WBC), hematocrit (HCT) and the platelet count (PLT). See our paper Laboratory Tests Defined
CDK-1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor): a regulator of cell growth; an enzyme inhibitor
CDUS (color-flow Doppler ultrasound): an ultrasound method that more clearly images tumors by observing the Doppler shift in sound waves caused by the rapid flow of blood through tiny blood vessels that are characteristic of tumors
CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen): a fetal antigen or protein that may be expressed by PC that is aggressive and often androgen independent
celecoxib (Celebrex®): an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and pain; it has also been reported to block Akt function and cause the death of human prostate cancer cell lines.
cell-mediated immunity: Immunity dependent upon T-cells' recognition of an antigen and their subsequent destruction of cells bearing the antigen
centigray (cGy): 1/100 of a Gray
CGA: chromogranin A; a small cell prostate cancer or neuroendocrine cell marker; a progressive increase in CGA indicates an aggressive clone of PC cells that often metastasizes to lymph nodes, liver and lungs
CHB (combination hormone blockade): also referred to as CHT, MAB, TAB or ADT (androgen deprivation therapy); therapy usually involving an LHRH agonist and an antiandrogen; may involve other agents such as Proscar® or prolactin inhibitors such as Dostinex®; preferred term is ADT with number attached to show number of agents e.g. ADT3 (Flutamide®, Lupron®, Proscar®) or ADT3 (FLP)
chemoprevention: the use of a pharmaceutical or other substance to prevent the development of cancer
chemotherapeutic: related to the use of chemotherapy
chemotherapy: the use of pharmaceuticals or other chemicals to kill cancer cells; in many cases chemotherapeutic agents kill not only cancer cells but also other cells in the body, which makes such agents potentially very dangerous
cholesterol: substance found in animal fats and in the human body that helps absorb and move fatty acids: cholesterol deposits can clog blood vessels leading to atherosclerosis
choline: a B-complex vitamin that is a constituent of lecithin; essential in the metabolism of fat
chromatin: the material in the center of the cell (nucleus) that forms chromosomes
chromosome: a threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information
chronic: referring to a disease or condition that develops slowly and persists over a long period of time
CHT (combined hormonal therapy): the use of more than one variety of hormone therapy; especially the use of LHRH analogs (e.g., Lupron®, Zoladex®) to block the production of testosterone by the testes, plus antiandrogens (e.g., Casodex® (bicalutamide), Eulexin® (flutamide), Anandron® (nilutamide), or Androcur® (cyproterone)) to compete with DHT and with T (testosterone) for cell androgen receptors thereby depriving cancer cells of DHT and T needed for growth; also referred to as CHB, MAB, TAB; the preferred term is ADT
ciprofloxacin (trade name Cipro®): an antibiotic used in various infections including urinary tract infections (UTI) and prostatitis
circadian rhythm: a daily rhythmic activity cycle based on a 24 hour interval
citrate: a salt or ester of citric acid
clearance: the removal of a substance from the blood by excretion into the urine through the kidneys
clinical, clinically: involving or based on direct observation of the patient
clinical stage: staging of prostate cancer as determined by the digital rectal examination. See our Clinical Stage Paper.
clinical trial: a carefully planned process by which researchers evaluate experimental new therapies and drugs through an orderly series of phases. Phase I trials evaluate how a new therapy or drug should be given, how often, and what dose is safe. Phase II trials continue to test safety but also begin to evaluate how well it works. Phase III trials test a new therapy or drug in comparison to the current standard of care. Participants are randomly assigned to the standard or new therapy. A placebo is only used when there is no standard therapy for comparison. Placebos are not used in Phase I or II. Phase IV trials are required when a drug manufacturer wishes to test an approved therapy for a different condition or with a different formulation. See Clinical Trials in Resource Section.
clinicopathological: relating to or concerned both with the signs and symptoms directly observable by the physician and with the results of laboratory examination
coagulate: change from liquid to solid, ex. blood clotting
coalesce: to grow together or unite into one
coaptation: joining together or fitting of two surfaces
cognitive: of, relating to, or being conscious intellectual activity (as thinking, reasoning, remembering, imagining, or learning words)
cohort: a group of individuals having a statistical factor (as age or risk) in common
collagen: a protein consisting of bundles of tiny fibers that form connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments, bones and cartilage
collimator: A device used to define the size and shape of a radiation beam in radiation therapy treatment machines; A collimator typically consists of large blocks of heavy metals, such as steel or tungsten, moved by mechanical motors to define rectangular fields; see IMRT
colon: the part of the large intestine that extends to the rectum
color Doppler ultrasound (CDU): an ultrasound imaging technology utilizing sound waves that can simultaneously show blood flow superimposed on detailed gray scale anatomic images – "power Doppler" and "tissue harmonic" are enhancements to basic CDU. See our paper Color Doppler and Tissue Harmonic Ultrasound
colorectal: relating to the colon and rectum, or to the entire large bowel (large intestine)
colostomy: a surgical opening in the abdomen to bypass a portion of the colon
Combidex: (also called Ferumoxtran-10) – an investigational imaging agent consisting of iron oxide nanoparticles used in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to aid in the differentiation of cancerous from normal lymph nodes. See our paper.
combined therapy: see CHT or CHB; ADT with designation ADT1 vs ADT2 or ADT3 is preferred since this communicates the number of drugs used in the androgen deprivation therapy; ADT also more clearly communicates the mechanism of this form of treatment
comorbidity: a condition that exists along with and usually independently of another medical condition
complete response (CR): total disappearance of all evidence of disease using physical examination, laboratory studies and radiologic imaging; a criterion for evaluating the efficacy of a particular anti-cancer therapy; also see partial response
complexed PSA: PSA molecules which are bound to a protease inhibitor such as a1-antichymotrypsin
complication: an unexpected or unwanted effect of a treatment, pharmaceutical or other procedure
concordance: the agreement in findings that support the accuracy of a particular investigation or treatment; concordance is a critical concept in studies to diagnose, stage and treat PC
conformal therapy: the use of careful planning and delivery techniques designed to focus external radiation on the areas of the prostate and surrounding tissue which need treatment and protect areas which do not need treatment; three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) is a sophisticated form of this method
conformality: see "Conformal Therapy"; pertaining to the ability to achieve conformal therapy.
contracture: scarring which can occur at the bladder neck after a radical prostatectomy and which results in narrowing of the urethra coming from the bladder; same as stricture
contraindication: any condition which renders some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable
control group: participants in a clinical trial who are receiving placebo or current standard of care for comparison to those receiving the new therapy being evaluated
COQ10 ( coenzyme Q10): important in cardiac function; a substance that energizes the mitochondria within the heart cells and allows them to function better; an anti-oxidant that protects LDL cholesterol from oxidation
core: a tissue sample removed during biopsy
coronal: an imaging plane bisecting the body into top and bottom parts perpendicular (rotated 90°) to the long axis of the human body
corpora cavernosa: two cavities in the upper portion of a man's penis that fill with blood when he is sexually excited, giving the organ the stiffness required for intercourse
corpus spongiosum: a spongy chamber in the lower portion of a man's penis that surrounds the urethra and fills with blood when he is sexually excited, providing additional stiffness required for intercourse
cortex: the outer layer of an organ, usually surrounding an inner section; the cortex of the prostate gland is also called a capsule
cortisol: a hormone from the outer layer of the adrenal glands
Cowper's glands: A pair of pea-sized glands that lie beneath the prostate gland, named after the English surgeon William Cowper (1660-1709). Cowper's glands secrete an alkaline fluid that forms part of the semen. This fluid neutralizes the acidic environment of the urethra, thereby protecting the sperm
Cox-2 inhibitor: drugs for inflammation that selectively block the COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) enzyme
creatine: a compound which is made by the body and is used to store energy in the form of phosphate molecules
creatine kinase: any of three enzymes found especially in skeletal and heart muscle and the brain that accelerate the transfer of a high-energy phosphate group and typically occur in elevated levels in the blood following injury to brain or muscle tissue
creatinine: a chemical substance resulting from the metabolism of creatine, that is found in muscle tissue and blood; creatinine is normally excreted in the urine as a metabolic waste; when elevated in the blood it indicates impairment of kidney function
cryoablation: see cryosurgery
cryoprobe: a surgical instrument used to apply extreme cold to tissues during cryosurgery
cryosurgery: the use of liquid nitrogen probes to freeze a particular organ to extremely low temperatures to kill the tissue, including any cancerous tissue; When used to treat prostate cancer, the cryoprobes are guided by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). See our paper Cryoablation of the Prostate.
cryotherapy: see cryosurgery
CT scan: computerized or computed tomography; See CAT Scan
curcumin: a biologically active substance derived from the curcuma longa plant; found within the Indian spice called turmeric; curcumin and its curcuminoid polyphenols have anti-prostate cancer activity against both AIPC and ADPC
cyproterone: an antiandrogen with progestational activity; see progesterone.
cystitis: inflammation of the bladder that may be caused by infection or chemical injury or radiation; characterized by increased urinary frequency, discomfort on urination and often red blood cells, white blood cells and/or bacteria in the urine
cystoscope: an instrument used by physicians to look inside the the urethra and the bladder
cystoscopy: the use of a cystoscope to look inside the urethra and the bladder
cystosol: the soluble components of the fluid matter enclosed within the cellular membrane
Cytadren®: the trademarked name for aminogluthethimide
cytochrome C: a protein that carries electrons released from the mitochondria to to initiate cell death
cytochrome P450: (abbreviated CYP) – a family of over 60 enzymes the body uses to break down toxins, some (i.e. CYP3a) are instrumental in the clearance of drugs
cytochrome P-450 dependent 14-demethylation: an enzyme system that is important in the endocrine pathways of hormone production and activation
cytokines: any of several regulatory proteins, such as the interleukins and lymphokines, that are released by cells of the immune system and act as intercellular mediators in the generation of an immune response
cytology: science that deals with the structure and function of cells
cytoplasm: the material of a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
cytoskeleton adj. cytoskeletal: the internal scaffolding of cells which determines cell shape, and organizes structures within cells
cytotoxin, cytotoxic: chemicals that have direct toxicity to cancer cells, preventing their reproduction or growth. Cytotoxic agents can, as a side effect, damage healthy, non-cancerous tissues or organs which have a high proportion of actively dividing cells, for example, bone marrow and hair follicles
Cytoxan®: a genotoxic drug, a chemotherapy agent that affects DNA and alters its function

subset: commoncrawl


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Wed, Oct 27, 04 at 12:31
i have sprouted some red yucca seeds now I would like to know the next step i have put the spout in some potting soil with the seed ontop how much water does it need and do I put it under lites.any info would be appreciated |
Follow-Up Postings:
I would say it depends on where you live. Here in Phoenix, they are some of the toughest plants around, you often see them in busy street medians, being blasted with sun and exhaust fumes and blooming like crazy. So I know they tolerate (probably even like) a lot of heat. They also grow with little to no extra irrigation, so I'd say to be careful not to overwater them (although a baby might need a touch more). I'd also advise pretty poor soil with low organic matter that has excellent drainage to avoid root rot. Congratulations on successful germination and good luck! |
I sprinkled seeds in...probably August..(this years just matured ones) in raised beds where I have my cacti. I now have a fair number of little three leaf blade blades of "grass" (actually hesperaloe/red yucca). They seem to sprout easily and grow rather quickly for a succulent. Come spring, it'll be time to work my hands around the spines and try to get them out (I had no idea I'd get that rapid a growth). |
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Thank You From A Camper
Hey Jo-El and Paul and Everyone,
It's Najiah. Me and my brother Dominique went to camp two or three years ago and we really miss you guys. You really made a big difference in our lives. We had so much fun with you and everyone else. You taught us things we would never know if we never went to Scottie's Place. My brother doesn't live with me anymore because he'll be 20 on June the 14th. Yeah, he's an adult now. Kinda shocking. And I just turned 16, Saturday, May 9th. The last time I saw you guys I was probably shy and awkward. LOL. I've changed a lot after I left Scottie's Place. We really would like to thank you for treating us as if we were your own kids and growing to love us as we loved you over that two week period. You guys are awesome and have the biggest hearts ever. I'll never ever ever as long as I live forget you guys…ever.


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Kadner: Kustok trial and a reasonable doubt
By Phil Kadner firstname.lastname@example.com February 20, 2014 8:00PM
Allan Kustok
Article Extras
Updated: March 22, 2014 6:28AM
Reasonable doubt. That's all the attorneys for Allan Kustok need to provide to get a verdict of not guilty from a jury.
But as spectators awaited the opening of the murder trial Thursday (delayed for a day when a defense attorney injured himself on ice outside the courthouse), speculation focused on how the defense team could overcome the mountain of evidence assembled by the prosecution.
Kustok, 63, formerly of Orland Park, told police he awoke at home early on the morning of Sept. 29, 2010, to the sound of a gunshot. His wife, Anita "Jeanie" Kustok, 58, was lying next to him with blood seeping from her head into her pillows, he said.
According to police, it took Kustok 90 minutes before he drove his wife's body, wrapped in a robe and a blanket, to the emergency room at Palos Community Hospital.
Additional police reports indicate that Kustok said he picked up the gun, threw it across the room, then picked it up again and put it to his head, but thought better of it and fired five shots into a nearby armoire.
Opening statements were scheduled for Thursday, but defense attorney Rick Beuke slipped on ice on his way into the Cook County courthouse in Bridgeview and cut his elbow.
Beuke was in the courtroom when Circuit Court Judge John Hynes entered to issue a ruling on a defense motion before calling in the jury. But blood began leaking down Beuke's sleeve onto the carpeted floor, he excused himself and was eventually taken by paramedics to a local hospital.
Hynes announced that the start of the trial would be postponed until Friday morning.
Sarah Kustok, the daughter of Allan and Jeanie, was in the courtroom Tuesday and Wednesday for jury selection but was absent Thursday. She was accompanied both days by an attorney who kept the media at bay.
A former basketball and volleyball star at Sandburg High School who played basketball for DePaul University, Sarah now is a sportscaster for the Brooklyn Nets.
She has been subpoenaed as a defense witness and sat behind the defense table both days she was in court, indicating that she supports her father. Legally, as a potential witness, she will not be allowed to remain in the courtroom during testimony.
Zak Kustok, her brother and a former starting quarterback for Sandburg and Northwestern, has not made a courtroom appearance recently, leading to rumors of a family rift.
Allan Kustok's sister, Sharon, has been in court every day with her husband. She was subpoenaed as a defense witness, but Kustok's attorneys have told her that her testimony will not be needed and she plans to be in court during the trial, she said.
John Runko, Jeanie Kustok's brother, also has been in court each day, sitting behind the prosecution table.
"I'm here in support of Jeanie," he told me early on.
He and Sarah warmly embraced each day she was present and went to lunch together.
Kustok, a large man who played football at the University of Illinois, has appeared to be healthy and has revealed little emotion while in the courtroom. He has been held at the Kankakee County Jail under $2 million bail since being arrested for the murder in 2010.
On Wednesday, during pretrial testimony by an expert witness who reconstructed the murder scene, Kustok watched pictures of his dead wife's body appear on a computer screen at the defense table without flinching.
Forensic reconstruction expert Rod Englert said there were 596 photographs taken of the crime scene (the Kustoks' bedroom) by law enforcement officers.
Defense lawyers had hoped to keep Englert's reports and photographs of his crime scene reconstruction out of the trial, but on Thursday the judge ruled that the methodology he used was valid and allowable under Illinois law.
Englert (author of a book, "Blood Secrets") had testified Wednesday that his tests revealed it would have been difficult, if not impossible, for Jeanie Kustok to have fired the bullet into her head.
In addition, he suggested that if she had fired the gun, there would have been gunpowder residue on her arms and blood spatters on Kustok's side of the bed (photographs indicate there was none).
Besides Beuke, the defense attorneys are Randy Rueckert, a former state's attorney, and Laura Morask, who grilled Englert on the witness stand Wednesday.
On the prosecution side of the table are Assistant State's Attorneys Jennifer Gonzalez, Jim Papa and Lorna Amado-Chevlin, who was scheduled to make the state's opening statement to the jury before the postponement.
Operating under a gag order, attorneys from both sides have been reluctant to speak to reporters, even about mundane courtroom events and procedures.
There were several empty seats in the courtroom Thursday morning, but if the public is planning to drop by they should know that parking at the courthouse is at a premium early in the day. Lawyers, reporters and ordinary people with business at the courthouse have complained of having to circle the large parking lot for 10 to 20 minutes in search of a space.
Cellphones no longer are allowed inside Cook County courthouses, although court personnel are not yet strictly enforcing the rule. But if people try to use them in a courtroom, or if a phone rings in court, the phone can be confiscated.
Hynes has shown a willingness to work through the lunch hour, and jury selection has continued past 7 p.m. He has told jurors that he expects the trial to last two weeks and be held from 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. on most days.
He also repeatedly has emphasized that they are not to communicate with friends or family members about the trial and warned them against doing research on the Internet.
The prosecution is scheduled to open with its statement to the jury Friday morning. But it's the defense that everyone really is waiting to hear.


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Mind-Body Medicine
Introducing John Patterson, MD, MSPH, FAAFP
04/04/2012Even though John's 1970 undergraduate degree was in psychology, he never imagined he would later practice mind-body medicine. Even though he almost stayed in college an extra year to study comparative religions, he also never imagined he would later practice holistic mind-body-spirit medicine. John's inspiration to study medicine was Albert Schweitzer, who already had doctorates in music and theology when he was driven by a sense of compassion to become a doctor serving humanity for the rest of his life.
Saybrook Team Publishes New Work on Trauma
03/31/2012Congratulations to my friends and colleagues, Stanley Krippner, PhD, Daniel B. Pitchford, PhD, and Jeannine Davies, PhD, on their new book, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The book was just published, in March 2012, by Greenwood Press, in their Biographies of Disease series. Stanley and Daniel are both faculty at Saybrook University, and we have held residential conference programs together, on a mind-body understanding of trauma. Jeannine is currently pursuing her doctorate at Saybrook. This book is valuable because it highlights some areas not touched by other works on PTSD. For example, it shows how post-traumatic growth can unfold, creating in the person post-traumatic strengths never present before.
MBM Instructor Honored as a "Season for Nonviolence Local Hero"
David Paul, MD, PhD, a faculty member of the College of Mind-Body Medicine, has been recognized with the Season for Nonviolence Local Heroes Award. The award was given jointly to David and his wife Bonnie Paul, Ph.D., both Saybrook graduates, recognizing them for their work through the Freedom to Choose Foundation, teaching decriminogenic and life skills to women incarcerated at Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla, California since 2004. David and Bonnie co-direct the work of this foundation. David and Bonnie will receive the awards on Sunday April 1, at a ceremony in Culver City, California.
03/28/2012James S. Gordon, MD, Dean of Saybrook University's Graduate College of Mind-Body Medicine, today announced the College's Mind-Body Medicine Scholars Program. The program is a unique, one-time only opportunity for outstanding and deserving students interested in pursuing a graduate degree in mind-body medicine. The program provides multiyear scholarship assistance to new students applying and enrolling in Fall 2012 and to current MBM MS students who are eligible to apply for Fall 2012 MBM doctoral programs.
MBM Student Participates in End of Life Research: Introducing Frank Munoz
As a Chaplain Frank Munoz was an integral part of the health care team at Children's Hospital in Orange County, California assisting children with cancer and their families manage their diagnosis. Through his work he noticed an invisible boundary between patient and families, and the health care team. Something was missing. Despite the best efforts of the group to provide the most compassionate care to the patients and their families, they were unable to reach some people and help ease their suffering. The boundary that Frank experienced fueled his desire to seek knowledge and develop skills to better serve the children and their families facing a life altering diagnosis. This inspiration led Frank to Saybrook University where he is pursuing a Ph.D. in Mind Body Medicine.
Frank then actively pursued funding for his education through the National Institutes of Health (NIH), pursuing a grant that would complement his interests. Doctoral coursework combined with the demands of learning how to be a healthcare researcher is time consuming. The combination is a beautiful synergy that is assisting Frank in learning how to best care for people that he works with, and at the same time is allowing him to make a significant contribution to health care professionals working in similar situations.
Mind-Body Medicine and Dogs?
How can the influence of the human and animal (HA) bond be used for the greater good? Angeline Siegel is so fascinated by this subject matter, that she felt compelled to study Mind-Body Medicine at Saybrook, with the intention of relating her degree to both humans and animals. Angeline was the first recipient of a Master's in Mind-Body Medicine from Saybrook University. Her master's project title was "A Veterinarian's Guide to Mind-Body Medicine: Creating Greater Health and Well-Being in the Human-Animal Bond."
Angeline worked with holistic veterinarian Michael Bartholomew for a two-week practicum in November, 2010 in South Salem, New York at the Smith Ridge Veterinary Center. That opportunity gave her the time and experience to define the audience she is working with, and to look at how veterinarians can influence the health of the human animal bond. Then for her master's project, she used Saybrook University faculty member Jeannie Achterberg as her committee chair, and Dr. Bartholomew as a committee member. Dr. Achterberg is widely known for her research and publications on the use of imagery for healing, but also has a long-standing interest in the bond between humans and animals.
College of Mind-Body Medicine Students Complete Practicum at the Cleveland Clinic Wellness Institute
Newsflash from the Meeting of the American Society for Clinical Hypnosis in Charlotte, North Carolina
03/20/2012It's been a blast here at the ASCH meeting in a sort of sleep-deprived way. Yesterday after Pierre Rainville's keynote, I spent 2 hours with him (and David Spiegel of Stanford) in my room doing Dr. Rainville's video interview and talking about his perspective that hypnosis is the humanistic connection between neuroscience and the study of subjective experience, something that the Cognitive Behavioral perspective misses. Dr. Rainville (University of Montreal) filmed a short "hello" to the Saybrook Hypnosis, Biofeedback, and Cognitive Neuroscience students, responding to the question, "Why should a student in Mind-Body Medicine study __________?" Dr. Rainville is a great guy, who researches everything from brain mechanisms in hypnosis to pain perception in Zen meditators.
Highlights of the AAPB (Biofeedback and Neurofeedback) Meeting in Baltimore
03/14/2012The Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB) is the original biofeedback society, which was founded by a group of humanistic psychologists and lab scientists at the Surfrider Inn in Santa Monica, California in 1969. The group began as the Biofeedback Research Society of America and later was known as the Biofeedback Society of America. AAPB has two professional journals, and provides webinars and workshops on biofeedback, neurofeedback, and stress management interventions.
In Memoriam: Jeanne Achterberg, PhD
03/08/2012It makes me so sad to hear of Jeanne Achterberg's death. She was such a wonderful, generous, courageous spirit. I remember meeting her 35 years ago and being stunned by the intelligence and audacity of her research on imagery and cancer. When NIH opened its office of Alternative Medicine, Larry Dossey and I worked closely with Jeanne on developing the state of the art paper on Mind-Body Medicine; actually Jeanne did far more of the work with such skill and grace than either Larry or I. And then there were the times that Jeanne came to Macedonia and Kosovo with me and my team from the Center for Mind-Body Medicine-ready at a moment's notice to put her gifts in the service of people who desperately needed and deeply appreciated her skill and commitment.
It's been such a joy too to be with Jeanne at Saybrook, to see the intelligence and commitment she brought to her work with students, to feel us once again moving ahead together. I keep her spirit with me and feel her passion and love.
James S. Gordon, M.D.
Read my Blog about CMBM's work in Haiti


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Voice actress Susan Bennett has revealed herself to be the voice of Siri. Although Apple won't confirm it, voice forensic specialists have.
Susan explains that she often records stuff without any idea of where or how it will be used. So, she had no idea that she would end up as the life concierge on all of our iPhones. She first knew that she was Siri when a colleague emailed her about it and said, "Hey, we've been playing around with this new Apple phone. Isn't this you?' She believes the Siri sessions took place in 2005, when she recorded herself reading nonsensical phrases and sentences for four hours a day, every day for a month. Keep reading »


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Revealed the availability of the BlackBerry 9900 in the UK
Finally here. The main carriers operating in the UK now give the possibility to carry out the pre-order through the portalBuyMobilePhones one of the most anticipated devices of the summer, or the Touch BlackBerry Bold 9900 .
In particular, companies will offer the smartphone to 0 euro signing a monthly subscription: £ 30.64 per month for T-Mobile, starting at £ 35for Orange, Vodafone and O2.
The subscription period should be between 18 and 24 months.
Nothing transpires at the time by H3G , but is expected to soon officially present its offer it.
The pre-order allows you to have the phone in your pocket from the middle and the end of August .
No news comes as regards the Italian market, but now the wait should be really running out for our country.


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Sorghum | |
Sorghum bicolor | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
(unranked): | Angiosperms |
(unranked): | Monocots |
(unranked): | Commelinids |
Order: | Poales |
Family: | Poaceae |
Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
Tribe: | Andropogoneae |
Genus: | Sorghum L. |
Species | |
About 30 species, see text |
Sorghum is a genus of grasses with about 30 species, one of which is raised for grain and many of which are used as fodder plants, either cultivated or as part of pasture. The plants are cultivated in warm climates worldwide. They are native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World and one species is endemic to Mexico; a number have been introduced into other parts of the world.[1] Sorghum is in the subfamily Panicoideae and the tribe Andropogoneae (the tribe of big bluestem and sugarcane).
Cultivation and uses[edit]
One species, Sorghum bicolor,[2] native to Africa with many cultivated forms now,[3] is an important crop worldwide, used for food (as grain and in sorghum syrup or "sorghum molasses"), fodder, the production of alcoholic beverages, and biofuels. Most varieties are drought- and heat-tolerant, and are especially important in arid regions, where the grain is one of the staples for poor and rural people. These varieties form important components of pastures in many tropical regions. S. bicolor is an important food crop in Africa, Central America, and South Asia, and is the "fifth-most important cereal crop grown in the world".[4]
Some species of sorghum can contain levels of hydrogen cyanide, hordenine, and nitrates lethal to grazing animals in the early stages of the plants' growth. When stressed by drought or heat, plants can also contain toxic levels of cyanide and/or nitrates at later stages in growth.[5]
Another Sorghum species, Johnson grass (S. halapense), is classified as an invasive species in the US by the Department of Agriculture.[6]
S. vulgare var. technicum is commonly called broomcorn.[7] An annual grass like other Sorghums, it grows 6 to 15 feet (1.8 to 4.6 m) tall, although dwarf varieties are only 3 to 7 feet (0.91 to 2.13 m) in height. The upper peduncle is normally 8 to 18 inches (200 to 460 mm) long, topped by a branched inflorescence or panicle, from which the seed-bearing fibers originate. The fibers are usually 12 to 24 inches (300 to 610 mm) long, but can be up to 36 inches (910 mm) long; they are branched toward the tip where the flowers and seed grow. The seeds number about 30,000/lb (70,000/kg), with feed value similar to oats. A ton of the fibrous panicle makes 900 to 1200 brooms.[7]
Plants selected for long panicle branches probably originated in central Africa, but the variety was known to be used for broom-making in the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages. It was first described in Italy in the late 1500s.[7]
- Sorghum almum
- Sorghum amplum
- Sorghum angustum
- Sorghum arundinaceum
- Sorghum bicolor — cultivated sorghum, often individually called sorghum, also known as durra, jowari, or milo.
- Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii — Sudan grass
- Sorghum brachypodum
- Sorghum bulbosum
- Sorghum burmahicum
- Sorghum ecarinatum
- Sorghum exstans
- Sorghum grande
- Sorghum halepense — Johnson grass
- Sorghum interjectum
- Sorghum intrans
- Sorghum laxiflorum
- Sorghum leiocladum
- Sorghum macrospermum
- Sorghum matarankense
- Sorghum nitidum
- Sorghum plumosum
- Sorghum propinquum
- Sorghum purpureosericeum
- Sorghum stipoideum
- Sorghum timorense
- Sorghum trichocladum
- Sorghum versicolor
- Sorghum verticiliflorum
- Sorghum vulgare var. technicum — broomcorn
- Sorghum × almum
- Sorghum × drummondii
See also[edit]
- 3-Deoxyanthocyanidin
- Apigeninidin
- Baijiu - Chinese alcoholic beverage distilled from sorghum
- List of antioxidants in food
- Millet
- Push–pull technology pest control strategy for maize and sorghum
- ^ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=130722
- ^ Mutegi, Evans; Fabrice Sagnard, Moses Muraya, Ben Kanyenji, Bernard Rono, Caroline Mwongera, Charles Marangu, Joseph Kamau, Heiko Parzies, Santie de Villiers, Kassa Semagn, Pierre Traoré, Maryke Labuschagne (2010-02-01). "Ecogeographical distribution of wild, weedy and cultivated Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in Kenya: implications for conservation and crop-to-wild gene flow". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 57 (2): 243–253. doi:10.1007/s10722-009-9466-7.
- ^ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200026333
- ^ Sorghum, U.S. Grains Council.
- ^ Cyanide (prussic acid) and nitrate in sorghum crops - managing the risks. Primary industries and fisheries. Queensland Government. http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/4790_20318.htm. 21 April 2011.
- ^ Johnson Grass, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Accessed 2257 UDT, 12 March, 2009.
- ^ a b c Broomcorn, Alternative Field Crops Manual, Purdue University, Accessed 14 Mar 2011.
- Watson, Andrew M. Agricultural Innovation in the Early Islamic World: The Diffusion of Crops and Farming Techniques, 700–1100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-521-24711-X.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sorghum. |
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Sorghum. |
- Species Profile- Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Johnsongrass.
- FAO Report (1995) "Sorghum and millets in human nutrition"
- Sorghum on US Grains Council Web Site
- National Sweet Sorghum Producers and Processors Association
- Sweet Sorghum Ethanol Association, organization for the promotion and development of sweet Sorghum as a source for biofuels, especially ethanol
- Milo, Grain Sorghum
- Cyanide (prussic acid) and nitrate in sorghum crops - managing the risks


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Mon, Apr 22, 13 at 1:20
Finally, I got my 7000 system installed. Learned a lot as a newbie doing the plumbing. Now I came up with the questions of programming. I calculated the BF time to be around 13-14 mins. How should I set the BD time? I remember seeing someone saying the BD time should be set longer than BF time and let the air checker to stop drawing water from brine tank. What's the guideline to set the BD time? |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by zhangkan15 (My Page) on Mon, Apr 22, 13 at 2:12
Since I am currently having low usage of water, I started with 4lb of salt/cuft. With 1.25 cuft resin, 0.125gpm bflc. My setting is: C: 18000 H: 11 RS: SF SF:10 % DO:14 B1:10 BD:25 B2:5 RR: 10 BF: 13 Besides the question on BD. I am wondering if B1,B2 and RR are set right? |
- Posted by aliceinwonderland_id (My Page) on Mon, Apr 22, 13 at 6:53
I've copied your posts above into your original thread that contains all of your data. Starting a new post scatters your information around, increasing the possibility of confusing you with a different poster. |
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A benefit to help the homeless in Erie.
Millcreek police arrested a second suspect they believe was involved in a burglary at a house along West 30th Street.
The fore-casted storm may keep some ice fishermen and women off the bay...but this weekend saw plenty of ice huts populating Presque Isle Bay.
The expERIEnce Children's Museum is about to be all grown up! The museum turns 20 this year, and this weekend was the kickoff for the year long "Hooray for Play" celebration.
This weekend, 120 high school seniors accepted to Gannon University for the Fall 2015 semester got the chance to compete for a full-ride scholarship.
While many are just browsing, some shoppers at the Erie Auto Show know exactly what they want to see!
A foot chase by a resident leads to police putting a suspect in custody following a home invasion.
Do you enjoy ice fishing or have you ever wanted to take the family out and learn? Park educators will teach you how!
How to keep measles out of your system.
Some area high school students are getting some real world experience during business week.
Erie County Court of Common Pleas Judge Ernest Disantis is celebrating his last day on the bench as President Judge.
In both Erie and Millcreek, the owner of the property is required to clear the sidewalks of snow and ice.
Local establishments generally tend to thrive the weekend of Super Sunday.
Porreco College invites prospective students to explore its offerings at Open House events.
U.S. Magistrate Judge Susan Paradise Baxter is celebrating a major milestone.
Millcreek Police are warning people of a scam being perpetrated in their name.
Rep. Kathy Rapp Announces More Than $287,350 in Fire and Ambulance Grants En Route to Crawford, Forest and Warren Counties.
Local agencies start preparing for Global Youth Service Day Erie 2015.
A man accused of molesting a child will face time in jail.
NFG prices are expected to drop starting the first of February.
A home at 332 E 6th Erie was razed this week
Gannon University to Host Inaugural Bishop Trautman Lecture
The Erie Downtown Partnership is looking for input for the upcoming implement of the Downtown Master Plan.
Fire reported on the roof just after midnight
A group of passionate Erie Otters fans gather to show support in hopes of keeping the team in town.
You're invited to help a local fire department celebrate history, in two ways.
The 86h Annual Erie Auto show is underway. Along with those new models, you'll see quite a few classic cars that will likely catch your eye.
Another candidate announces his race for one of the two seat available on the judge's bench.
The fire that ruined multiple buildings is still causing trouble in Adamsville.
The Basic Education Funding Commission is working to make recommendations for a new formula for the way education funds are distributed to schools.
West 6th street in downtown Erie is known as millionaires row. On the other side of town, there were a few fashionable homes on east 6th, but another one disappeared today.
Daniel Hoopsick Jr says it has been a long road getting his case acquitted, but he is maintaining his innocence and now he wants to share his story.
The cause of a fire on East 8th Street Monday has been ruled undetermined.
A big giveaway today at the auto show, as a local non-profit receives a brand new set of wheels.
The Eighth incarnation of Knock Out Homelessness is just a few weeks away, and the card is filling up.
Drug enforcement officers in Chautauqua County have busted a suspected meth lab in Dunkirk, New York.
Hundreds of antique music devices still play
Disney magic is in the air this weekend at the Erie Insurance Arena.
A new candidate has entered the race for Erie City Council.
Happened at Interstate 79/Interstate 90 interchange
Emire Rosendary was 17 when he and an accomplice robbed Dollar General in 2013
Cars, SUVs and trucks of all kinds sit waiting for new owners at the Bayfront Convention Center for the Erie Auto Show.
A fire breaks out on Main Street in Crawford County, burning multiple buildings.
The Erie Auto Show will begin tomorrow at the Bayfront Convention Center.
John Bliss found the truck this morning.
Officials from Innovation Collaborative say it's important to help local business owners thrive so Erie can continue to build entrepreneurship.
The ice dunes are about 30 feet high in some places right now including off the shore of Beach 7.
The LECOM School of Pharmacy is hoping to encourage patients to take medications properly.
Lana Rees will be responsible for overseeing the county's investigations into reports of suspected abuse and neglect for area children.
Jordan has lived his entire life in the great lakes region, having grown up on the shores of Lake Ontario.
Alex Peterson is a Pennsylvania native, calling York in South Central PA his hometown. He joined the JET24/FOX66 newsroom in September 2014 as a general assignment reporter.
Lou Baxter is one of the original members of the JET 24 Action News team.
David Belmondo is the weekend anchor of JET 24 Action News and FOX 66 New First at 10.
Sean Lafferty came to JET 24 in 1988 as city hall beat reporter.
Jill McCormick is a veteran broadcast journalist who has worked in the Erie TV market since 1994.
Ashlee McGeehan was born and raised right here in Erie.
She joined the JET24/FOX66 newsroom as a reporter in June of 2013.
Jessica Starr grew up on the shores of Lake Erie!
Traci Teudhope is anchor of Good Morning Erie on JET 24 and Good Day Erie on FOX 66.
Raychel Vendetti Adiutori is an Erie native and part-time reporter for JET 24 and Fox 66.
Danielle Woods joined the JET 24/FOX 66 team as a reporter in January 2013.