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How can a star burn with no oxygen?
Can a fire burn in a room with no oxygen?
A fire cannot burn without oxygen. You can show this for yourself, in fact: if you light a small candle and then put a clear glass upside-down over that candle (without touching the flame), you can watch the flame slowly extinguish as it uses up all of the oxygen that you have trapped around it with the glass.
What if in that same room, with no oxygen, is it possible for a hydrogen reaction fire to start, like the sun?
The way the Sun "burns" fuel is completely different from the way a fire on Earth burns (the term "burning" is a bit misleading when used to talk about stars). The Sun gets its energy by smashing small light elements together to make heavier elements; most of a star's life is spent smashing hydrogen atoms together to make helium. The burning that a star does, then, is a nuclear reaction, and not a chemical one like the fires on Earth (when a candle burns, the atoms themselves remain unchanged: just the molecules are affected).
If not, how did the sun start to burn without oxygen?
So, the Sun can "burn" hydrogen to helium without the need for oxygen. It should be noted that in the presence of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, stars heavier than the Sun may burn hydrogen to helium by using the C, N and O as catalysts. Even in these stars, however, an absence of oxygen does not prevent nuclear burning.
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I'm renovating a house that has had fire damage. The damage began on the 2nd floor and did little damage to the downstairs. Replacing charred wood will have us replace about 30-40% of the roof rafters and decking. Much of the roof that is not charred is black from smoke. What should I do to that wood to eliminate any smoke smell? I've heard you should spray every piece of wood with evidence of smoke damage with Kiltz. Someone else mentioned doing the same thing with (I think) zinc oxide.
We're about 1/2 of the way through the repair and the smoke smell hasn't reduced that much and I'm beggining to worry if it will ever come out. Any help with this problem and recommendations on fire damage repair in general would be appreciated. Rob |
Follow-Up Postings:
Instead of using KILZ, which is oil based, use a product called BIN. It's made by a company called Zinnser, and is available at any hardware store or home center. It's a shellac based product which will seal in any smell left over from the fire. Also, it's real thin, so you can run it through a sprayer easily. I think you're better off spraying if you have access to a compressor and gun, or even one of those cheap Wagner sprayers. If you tried brushing or rolling all the rafters, studs, sheathing, etc., it would take forever. |
You won't get it out. Period. We had a house fire in November, and we ended up knocking our house down to the ground and starting from scratch. The house had no structural damage, but there was massive smoke damage, and we can still smell it coming off of the ground outside the house even though all of the burned material has been taken away. |
Lissa, Hope you're still here. We had an extensive house fire 15 months ago, with structural damage and the house has been locked down tight due to various reasons for all this time. The smoke damage was so bad that we know that the only way the smell will ever be eliminated is to gut the house. That may not even work. 15 mo later, the house still reeks. You're right, there is nothing like it. We are building new and will eventually sell the other house as is. Probably to a contractor who will hopefully try to remove the smell and not cover it up or seal it in. Impossible. Sorry to hear about your fire. |
blsdgal - yes, I am still around - and still dealing with stinky stuff from the fire. We have stuff that has been sitting in the outdoors since November, and it still is oily, smelly, and coated with fire "yuck". Until you've been through it, you don't understand it, huh? I hope things turn out for you! |
Fire remediation companies have ozone chambers to remove the smell. It does work, but can be pricey. Talk to the insurance company. Plain old shellac will seal in the smell if you can apply a good coat. Demolition is sometimes the only practical way. |
I recently bought a home where the garage has fire damage and smells horrible. If i spray kilz or bin on it, do I need to do any prep work beforehand? i.e., scrub, wash, etc. I'd rather not.... but if i have to what should i use/do? |
- Posted by Holly(firstname.lastname@example.com) onTue, Apr 1, 08 at 15:50
Hi i have a question--i hope someone can answer it!! I 've been to just about every web page there is but here goes. My husband and i are looking at this bankruptcy house and the realtor said that he had heard there was fire damage but he doesnt know to what extent. There obviously was some kind of damage but the house is all redone and everything so i'm hoping and guessing that it was just in one or two of the rooms. They have plaster on them and this house is a modular that sits on a basement. The basement is VERY well built and i guess my question is that if it was damaged by fire, would it be possible to maybe view the insurance record or how would we find out for sure if it was damage and not tear down the house? Thank you i know this is long...but thank you, anything at all would be more than helpful ! |
- Posted by davidandkasie (My Page) on Tue, Apr 1, 08 at 17:34
google choicepoint CLUES. you can pull a claim history on the house. |
My house caught fire 4/3/08. I have two brand new Sony LCD flat screens with heavy smoke damage. No heat damage. Can they be restored to new? Anybody with an experience? |
- Posted by davidandkasie (My Page) on Mon, Apr 21, 08 at 17:08
the carbon in the smoke will screw up the electronics. whtehr it did in your case, who know. your insurance will wan tot just replace them. |
- Posted by jbents(email@example.com) onTue, Jul 8, 08 at 0:53
Ozone generators can be rented from many of your local equipment rental companies and they are simple to use and remarkably effective in nuetralizing fire related odors. My daughters house recently suffered extensive fire damage and we used an ozone generator for about a week. The smoke odor is completely gone. Although we will still have to gut the house, the odor is no longer a problem. |
The orginal post is from 2002. I sure hope the damage is repaired by now. |
- Posted by dsash(firstname.lastname@example.com) onFri, Feb 18, 11 at 21:56
Two months ago, we had a kitchen fire. The cabinets and wall above the stove suffered extensive damage, and we also had smoke damage. It is two months later and the landlord has not done any repairs. We have been living in the home and now we are starting to experience headaches. What are the effects of living in the home damaged by a fire, even if contained to one room? |
- Posted by texasredhead (My Page) on Sat, Feb 19, 11 at 9:38
Some reason you didn't start a new post? |
I agree with texasredhead, start a new thread. However, it's important you read this. Studies show fire fighters have higher rates of cancers due to their work. The cancers are due to the exposure to many toxic and carcinogenic chemicals from the fires they fight and clean up. In a building fire there are chemicals in plastics, foam furniture, appliances, insulation, computers, TV's and many other items. When these items burn, carcinogens are put into the smoke and soot. If you are living in areas where you can see soot and smell fire, you are likely inhaling and ingesting these chemicals. These chemicals can even be absorbed through your skin. Is this the cause of your health issues, maybe but I would make other living arrangements. |
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
More often than not, today's alliances are created to increase market penetration for a company's product or service. In fact, according to the Coopers and Lybrand survey, 54 percent of firms that formed alliances did so for joint marketing and promotional purposes.
For small companies, pairing up with a large company that has mass appeal and vast marketing resources opens up a world of possibilities. Clotee McAfee and Ruby Eddie, co-owners of Uniformity LLC, a Los Angeles manufacturer of fashionable high school uniforms, knew they had an innovative product--but they weren't too naive to realize they lacked the marketing clout to make a real impact.
"We knew we didn't have a Calvin Klein budget, but we needed to market [our uniforms] that way to accomplish what we wanted," says McAfee, 43. "We had to get our name in front of a lot of kids for [our product] to be accepted."
In October 1996, McAfee wrote to Macy's West, telling the department store chain about the product, how she and her partner wanted to market it, and why an alliance would benefit both companies. Macy's responded with strong interest, not yet having entered the clothing market for public school uniforms. A year later, Uniformity's clothing line debuted in Macy's Baldwin Hills, California, store, with plans to expand to another 10 locations on the West Coast. What's more, Macy's put its marketing clout to use for Uniformity by issuing a press release for the grand opening of the new in-store boutique. The two companies plan to participate in several more joint marketing campaigns later this year.
Alliances also make sense for high-tech firms such as Liquid Audio, a Redwood City, California, company that develops software for distributing music over the Internet. Since it was founded in January 1996, Liquid Audio has created more than 20 alliances with small and large companies, primarily for the purposes of joint marketing and product development.
"Alliances are important to us because we must stay focused on our core opportunity," says Robert Flynn, 43, co-founder of Liquid Audio with Gerry Kearby, 50, and Phil Wiser, 31. "We have limited resources, so if something isn't essential, we don't want to spend our time and money developing it," says Flynn.
Instead, Liquid Audio has turned to its many partners to expand its horizons. Alliances with record labels such as Capitol Records, BMG Entertainment and EMI Records Canada have given the company the necessary music content for consumers to download. Meanwhile, alliances with technology partners such as Microsoft, which brings its audio streaming technology to the table, have added value to Liquid Audio's offering.
Strategic alliances prove especially prudent in industries dominated by big players. One example: the Integrated Suppliers Alliance of Wisconsin (ISAW), co-founded in April 1997 by Wayne Riekkoff. Riekkoff, owner of KM Tools Supply Ltd., a distributor in Menomenee Falls, Wisconsin, saw that the decision made by many manufacturers to reduce the number of vendors they work with was squeezing out small companies lacking the more diverse offerings of larger distributors. As an alternative, the ISAW, which has 10 member companies, now offers a complete range of products to manufacturers by pooling all the members' resources.
"ISAW allows small distributors to compete with large, national distributors," says Riekkoff. "When they put all their resources together, they have much more to offer."
Alliances are also beneficial when companies want to expand beyond their current geographic boundaries. Partnering with an international company to enter unfamiliar territory can be a smart move--and is often much easier than going through the arduous process of building the expertise yourself. According to the Coopers & Lybrand study, 50 percent of firms involved in alliances market their goods and services internationally vs. 30 percent of nonallied participants.
Like this article? Get this issue right now on iPad, Nook or Kindle Fire.
This article was originally published in the April 1998 print edition of Entrepreneur with the headline: United We Stand.


text:
Fri, Dec 9, 05 at 23:39
Oh yes, I thought about you when I heard Virginia was getting snow. I remember how scared you were of the ice.Hang in there, it will be spring before you know it. We got about 7" of snow the other night. How have you been? Miss hearing from all of you,glad ot be back even tho I am not cargiving anymore. Quite sad! I regret alot of things, I didn't do with Lara, but all in all I took care of her for almost 5 years, and really don't regret. We all have or had our days, but when the final curtain comes down....it is all over and no turning back. There were so many things I wished I would have found out or ask,and Lord knows I had enough time to do it. Why is that? Who knows.....Well Derry keep in touch and sneak in every now and then. Iwill too....HUGS Gabby |
Follow-Up Postings:
Thanx Gabby. I know what you mean. I guess many people finish it with some regrets...they are everywhere. You are to be commended, tho, because you really didn't choose the situation, so maybe more credit is due. I do hope spring comes quickly...still afraid of the ice, sleet and snow. I need to move to Fla....but then there are the hurricanes! HMMM...Derry |
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text:
Goalunited 2012, the online football manager game, has received the biggest update of its short life. Starting today, managers all over the world and playing in 25 different language versions can use the new features as they compete against millions of other competitors for points or promotion in exciting league matches.
The new update includes 70 varied achievements, providing additional incentives for team managers who can also use the new Manager Notification System to keep their eye on the overall situation at all times. This system includes a useful Mentor function, providing useful tips on the many options available to coaches and managers. The maximum player level has been increased and you can now add new buildings to attract more fans and professional players to your stadium. There is an all-new reputation system, which increases your prestige with victories, and there are many detailed improvements that give your browser that perfectly realistic football atmosphere.
According to Eckart Foos, Head of Games at Travian Games: We have never implemented such a wide-ranging update for one of our games within just one year. The updates to goalunited 2012 include the kind of content you would expect in a full-price computer game we, however, are providing our millions of regular customers with an update that ensures that our loyal fans continue to enjoy their free gaming experience.
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Haqqani Network is 'enemy number one' in Afghan east: General Allyn
Major General Daniel Allyn, Commanding General of the First Cavalry Division and Combined Joint-Task Force 1. Photo by Bill Ardolino. |
BAGRAM AIRFIELD, AFGHANISTAN: Regional Command East is now arguably the center of gravity for the International Security Assistance Force's (ISAF) fight to quell the insurgency and transition Afghanistan to stable governance. While the initial phase of the counterinsurgency strategy announced in 2009 focused on pacifying RC South, site of the Pashtun belt and the Taliban's spiritual homeland, attention has shifted to the east as a consequence of media focus, the preplanned evolution of ISAF strategy, and changing conditions on the ground.
RC East covers 14 diverse provinces surrounding Kabul province and the capital within it. While the northern provinces of Bamyan and Panshir are relatively calm and have successfully transitioned to Afghan government control, the contentious provinces along a 450km border with Pakistan - including Paktika, Khost, Paktia, Nangarhar, Nuristan, and the infamous Kunar - remain hotly contested areas subject to ongoing insurgent infiltration from Pakistan. ISAF officers contend that the bulk of this infiltration occurs in the southern provinces of Khost and Paktika, because of the border's easier terrain relative to the north, and the lack of focus by Pakistani forces on this section of the border.
Approximately 32,000 Coalition Forces are responsible for security in the east, along with 68,000 Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) made up of about 30,000 Afghan National Army, 30,000 Afghan Police (national, uniform, and local), and 8,000 Afghan Border Police. Security operations currently focus primarily on 45 "key terrain districts" of the 160 districts in RC East, most of these centered along population centers and essential economic corridors.
But prioritizing forces effectively in this command is a steep challenge, for several reasons. First, while the terrain varies, much of it is exceptionally forbidding and isolating. A topographic map of the province in RC East headquarters perfectly illustrates what leadership describes as "the tyranny of terrain": the head-snapping peaks and valleys in elevation that riddle the east. And because of the terrain's isolating effect, RC East's estimated population of 7.5 million people is scattered throughout a dizzying number of cities, valleys, villages, and encampments; the five largest population centers vary from 150,000 inhabitants in Jalalabad to only 26,000 in Asadabad. This decentralization presents difficult hurdles for both a resource-limited population-centric counterinsurgency strategy, as well as one focused on improving the capability of Afghan forces while conducting offensive operations against the umbrella of terrorist organizations within the AO.
"Enemy number one" is the Haqqani Network, according to Major General Daniel Allyn, Commanding General of the First Cavalry Division and Combined Joint-Task Force 1 in Bagram, the headquarters component of RC East. But Allyn is quick to point out that the Haqqanis constitute only one particularly dangerous element in a kaleidoscope of ideological insurgents and criminal enterprises causing insecurity in his AO. He counts eight main ideological insurgent groups, among them the Haqqanis, the Taliban centered around Highway 1 (a main supply artery), and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hizb-i-Islami faction. Augmenting these destabilizing elements are four principal "criminal enterprise networks" engaged in hijacking supplies, taxing civilians, illicit drugs, or merely insurgency-for-hire.
This reporter sat down with Major General Allyn for an interview about the trajectory of RC East, the nature of the insurgency, and the execution of his mission. A West Point graduate and Silver Star awardee with commands ranging from infantry to mechanized warfare, many of them in combat zones, Allyn describes his current assignment as one of the most "complex" in his military career.
The Long War Journal: Can you describe to me your area of operations and your mission, from a high-level perspective?
[Major General Allyn conducted an extensive briefing of multiple aspects of RC East, much of it summarized above, before turning to his definition of the mission.]
Major General Daniel Allyn: In terms of what our mission is, I like to spell it out in really four things we must do to achieve the mission we've been given from COM ISAF and COM IJC: first and foremost, we've got to expand the Kabul security Zone, generally defined by [an oblong circle surrounding] the Kabul Bowl. We've expanded this ... probably 30 kilometers down into central Logar and central-eastern Wardak from 1 June to 1 August, basically. So our purpose is to expand the Kabul Security Zone to encompass the majority of Logar, the majority of eastern Wardak, and down as far south as Ghazni City.
In order to accomplish this mission, we must concurrently win the border fight with our Afghan security partners along the border with Pakistan. As I mentioned, the border runs 450 kilometers, we're frankly focused on about the southern 375, in terms of the main crossing points that the insurgents attempt to use. And we have an "attack zone in-depth" that runs from the border all the way to the edge of the Kabul Security Zone, and the purpose is to interdict insurgent infiltration that is trying to get into and disrupt the Kabul Security Zone. It's the number two mission, but it is of equal priority with the first [mission], because you can't [expand security around Kabul] without concurrently [interdicting the border]. Because of the terrain, everything feeds into Wardak and Logar. And one of the reasons that we're having a tough fight in central Logar and Wardak is because that's where they're all trying to get. So one of the metrics of success is are we able to defeat them in Wardak and Logar and prevent them from having any effects in Kabul. [The two provinces are] something of a catcher's mitt in terms of preventing them from getting to their goal [in Kabul].
LWJ: And this is because the terrain makes it easier to cross the borders into these areas ....
MG Allyn: If you look at [the] mountain range that spans Nangarhar, eastern Paktia, and eastern Khost, it is very, very restrictive to try and get up over these 14,000 foot mountains and get into Kabul that way. Olympic athletes can do it, mountain goats can do it, and the very hardy and determined insurgent groups try. But frankly the vast majority try to find the gaps through our lines and lines of the ANSF [along the southern border], or try to run a seam between us and get up into Kabul. And frankly ... they've found it increasingly difficult.
Mission number three, which is really the most important mission for us in the long term, is to develop the Afghan Security Forces' capacity to assume security primacy for all of these missions after we're gone. And obviously our task is to accelerate that development, so that any potential drawdown decision can be made based on the conditions on the ground, and the ability of the ASF, rather than be made on a timeline that someone may have established.
LWJ: Can you give me a frank assessment of the ANSF, breaking them down by police, army, and border [police]?
MG Allyn: First of all, in terms of, if you put yourself in the framework of 2008 Iraq, we're in a somewhat similar place in terms of development. I would say the army is well ahead of the 2008 metric, the police are about where they were in Iraq in 2008. The key difference with them is we are embedded with them, doing combined action operations on about 80-85 percent of our missions. A principle we use is every mission we do is with our Afghan teammates.
The fourth mission that must happen concurrently is we have to effect the smooth transition of the provinces the government of Afghanistan determines to be the next set of provinces and districts to transition to GIRoA [Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] control. We must ensure that all future transition goals that they have can be executed with secure and stable conditions and with a capable Afghan security force that's ready to lead security efforts. One thing to keep in mind is that transition is a process, not an end state, so we will still be available to support in the gaps that they still have, be it in governance, development, or in security.
LWJ: Can you describe the enemy you face in RC East?
MG Allyn: There are eight subnetworks that we're faced up against in terms of the insurgency, and if that's not complicated enough, overlaid on those eight subnetworks there are four criminal patronage networks that add the complexity of corruption and criminality, which in some cases overlaps on insurgent activity. So part of the challenge for an intel/operations effort here is determining what is the motive of the attack that took place. As an example, we have a criminal patronage network that operates in the area of Highway One south of Kabul, and they conduct a number of attacks against private security contractors escorting supplies, and those attacks are largely criminal in nature.
LWJ: They hijack the supplies?
MG Allyn: In some cases it's for theft of supplies, in some cases it's just for payment for conducting an attack, in some cases you have an overlapping of criminal intent that permeates all stakeholders in the process. So being able to determine the motives for attack is not always clear. It's important to understand the complexity that adds to both your attempts at a credible and legitimate government when they overlay on top of governance efforts, and your development efforts when they complicate contracting, trying to prevent the money getting into the wrong hands, and then they overlay on the insurgency, because in some cases they do fund insurgent activities. So, it is complex.
I'll give you an example. We had a judge killed in Laghman a week or so ago, and we initially thought it was part of the insurgents' focus on government of Afghanistan figures, but the governor of Kapisa, who is one of our most positive leaders, said 'Oh no, this had nothing to do with insurgency, this was all about something [the judge] was involved in, without getting into details.' Which was his way of saying 'you don't need to know.' But what he did say was that it was not related to insurgent activity.
The good news is that the Afghan leaders and the Afghan people understand this far better than we do, so our close partnership breeds better understanding of the problem we are up against and how to best deal with it. As an example, this Highway One criminal activity that's going on (attacks on convoys), is a very hard problem for us to solve because its really not a military, pure security solution. So what we're working on is to enable the governors of the affected provinces to take the lead in getting the stakeholders together to get it under control. And we have had some early stages of success with that, albeit in some cases [the criminals] just move their operations further to the south [after Afghan government representatives negotiate with them].
LWJ: So what about the ideological insurgents? Who are your priorities?
MG Allyn: Enemy number one is [the] Haqqani [Network], for obvious reasons. You've done your homework, you understand what a lethal threat they are to the government of Afghanistan. And specifically within Haqqani, there are two subnetworks that we focus on. The number one threat is the National Attack Network [note: this is also called the Kabul Attack Network] within Haqqani. They are focused on destabilizing and preventing the success of the government of Afghanistan. The second most significant threat is the Taliban Highway One Network. Basically that is all the Taliban groups that have as a common goal to use the Highway One access to attack into Kabul. And then the other Haqqani subnetwork is the Haqqani P2K (Paktia, Paktika, and Khost) component of the Haqqani Network, and they're more focused on establishing a stronger stranglehold on those particular areas from whence ... they came.
LWJ: And both of those subnetworks fall under [the leadership] of Siraj Haqqani?
MG Allyn: They do. And what really makes them separate and distinct is the purpose for which they exist. The birthplace of Haqqani is Khost, and this used to be called the Greater Paktia, and the division into Paktia, Paktika, and Khost is a fairly recent development. The National Attack Network is trying to destabilize [Kabul], and I would say the [P2K] Network is sort of the safety valve. If one doesn't achieve its purpose, they still gain more area of operations and control for however this government ends up. And then we have the Commander Nazir Group ... they operate from South Waziristan, and infiltrate through Paktika and into Ghazni. Principally their focus is in Paktika and Eastern Ghazni, but we have seen cases where they are teaming up with elements of the Taliban as well.
LWJ: How do you assess the threat level and strength of actual al Qaeda in RC East?
MG Allyn: We see evidence of occasional al Qaeda ... frankly, our special operations teammates deal with them more frequently than we do. But as an example, we had an operation ("Operation Hammer Down") up in the Watauahpur Valley of northern Kunar and during that operation we killed a number of foreign fighters to include some al Qaeda operators. There was a foreign fighter camp there that we disrupted the operation of, and then over the span of five days [the last week in June] we eliminated about 140 insurgents in a combined operation with Afghan security forces.
LWJ: So you would [describe the incidence] of al Qaeda operators as occasional?
MG Allyn: There are a lot of threat streams that say [al Qaeda] wants to use Nuristan as a base of operations. What we've found is that when the Aghan security forces or us decide to do an operation into Nuristan and northern Kunar, we do. We have freedom of movement and if they choose to fight us, they lose a lot of people. And the government of Afghanistan extends its reach as it determines it needs to.
LWJ: What about the repeated ... estimate that there are 50 - 150 AQ operatives in Afghanistan, do you have any opinion on that?
MG Allyn: I don't. And I would tell you anybody that gives you numbers is lying. There's not even accurate census of the population of Afghans in Afghanistan, so try to tell me how you can be accurate about any insurgent group ....
LWJ: But if you had to characterize in a more general sense the level of AQ in this area you would say ....
MG Allyn: I would say it's very low in RC East in general, and where it is located it is matched with another group where it is temporarily allied or it is operating in a safe haven beyond the reach of Afghan security forces.
LWJ: At the end of July, ISAF and Afghan forces attacked a Haqqani Network encampment in Paktia, killing scores of Haqqani fighters. Given the US forces in the province, how is it possible for them to openly establish an encampment in Paktia?
MG Allyn: Look at these mountains (points to a jagged section of the topographic map). Any one of these mountains has caves, valleys, and has ridgelines, some of which are 12,000 feet and beyond. I'll give you an example: I flew last week down to Orgun, one of the bases for [one of] our battalions. Along [one] particular stretch of ridgelines, I bet I flew over 50 encampments. Now, the vast majority of those were either shepherds with their families or those doing timber cutting. Amongst those, were there one or two who looked out of place? Which one of these doesn't look like the other? And I passed those grids to my [intelligence officer] so we could do some surveillance on it and figure it out.
But the fact of the matter is there are 43,000 square kilometers in RC East, and much of it is unpenetrated by any improved roads. So there is a lot of opportunity for footborne [insurgents] and in many cases hi-lux trucks to traverse relatively rugged terrain. But our job is to try and make it so incredibly difficult for the insurgents that are trying to get through, so that they expend themselves before they get to their target.
LWJ: Nobody likes to talk about attrition, but given these large [insurgent] body counts in some of these raids that you've done - 80 killed here, 110 killed here - do you think that's possible [to attrite the insurgency] or is there an inexhaustible supply of insurgents coming over the border?
MG Allyn: I think anyone that has fought in this environment or fought an insurgency will tell you that shooting your way out of the war is not the complete solution. There has to be pressure applied with offensive operations at the same time you create conditions with the local populace that makes it inhospitable for the insurgency to survive and force the insurgents to consider another solution. And frankly when you look at the tactics the insurgents are using now, they are tactics of a very desperate nature. [For example] the 12-year-old a tribal elder in Kapisa tried to purchase so that he could use her for a suicide attack. That's one of about five or six examples, a couple of which were successful, but others were thwarted by either the [potential bomber] turning themselves in to an Afghan policeman, or the Afghan police or Army preventing it. Increasingly what we see is more and more of the insurgent attacks are unconcerned with the amount of civilian casualties they cause.
LWJ: So you are basically saying there has to be a counterinsurgency [doctrine] solution to win [against] an insurgency, you can't simply kill your way out of it. Obviously the recent announcement and commencement of the drawdown of American forces is probably going to change your strategy from what it might have been otherwise. A Long War Journal analysis documented that a number of forces that had been deployed to southern Afghanistan would have been transferred to the East to complete a second phase of the counterinsurgency strategy. That's no longer going to happen. Without this fresh influx of troops, with such a dispersed population and a terrain issue, how are you going to ... fire on all cylinders in counterinsurgency? Is that even possible?
MG Allyn: It is. And I believe that we're getting after that with the campaign plan that we're executing. As I mentioned, our intent is to create stable conditions along a large swath of the area south of Kabul, where much of that population resides, so that in 2012 we are working on the governance and development of that section south of Kabul. For instance the area north of Kabul, along the Highway Seven corridor, we have been working development as a main effort there for the past year and conditions there are very stable, the economy is flourishing, agriculture is booming.
Now the key for us to be able to do this is to accelerate Afghan security force capacity. That is the task that can be put at risk if there is an increased pace of withdrawal. Because I'm outnumbered two to one by Afghan security forces already. In other words, I have to prioritize who I'm partnered with based on where they are in their development, what mission we're going after in the region they're operating in ... so if the number [of American troops] comes down significantly greater, then partnership becomes a challenge. As long as we can keep those ratios right as we get the Afghan security forces developed; frankly, we are already making significant headway against the insurgency.
LWJ: So you would say you are still attempting a counterinsurgency strategy without the extra forces you had been planning on getting?
MG Allyn: Well, I wouldn't say I was planning on getting [them], I would say the longer term campaign plan called for a shift of the main effort and forces potentially being realigned. But all of that was going to be conditions-based; it still is. The fact of the matter is, if south and southwest accelerate stability conditions down there, there is still the potential that they could push additional resources to the north. But we're planning on accomplishing the mission we've been given with what we have. And we're accelerating every day to achieve those conditions, and most importantly to develop the Afghans to take it over.
LWJ: In 2009, General Flynn, then the ISAF intel chief, said that the Haqqani Network and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hizb-i-Islami faction were "reconcilable." Do you agree with this assessment?
MG Allyn: I think I'm more inclined to agree that the HIG is a higher potential candidate. From what I've seen from Haqqani so far, their ruthless tactics and the way they have senselessly murdered by the hundreds Afghan citizens, it's hard for me to imagine that [reconciliation] is very high on their list right now, particularly as long as they have the safe haven they enjoy in Miram Shah [a community across the border in Pakistan, considered home base for the Haqqani Network].
LWJ: And with HIG, which is notoriously fickle as far as their allegiances go, you think there is more potential, or ....
MG Allyn: I think they would be more willing to dialogue with the government if they saw that, no kidding, the government was going to stand. I'm not saying it's a good solution, I'm not saying it's not very complicated. But from what I see, from what I read, from the [Afghan] partners I dialogue with, HIG is more desirous of being a part of whatever government winds up here, whereas Haqqani wants to bring about the downfall of any form of representative government and restore the Taliban to rule.
LWJ: In 2009-2010, US forces began to pull out of bases in Kunar's Pech Valley. There was some debate over whether the pullout would diminish the insurgency because it was [argued that it is by nature] very local. Do you believe the pullout has resulted in an increase or decrease in insurgent activity in that area?
MG Allyn: Well, I think this recent operation is telling. If there was an increased stranglehold by the insurgents in the Pech River Valley, one would think it would have been very difficult to operate on a single line of communication, on which the enemy knows is your only route of advance; and for them to stop it, and ... the Afghan security forces secured that route, traversed that route, not once but twice with virtually no interdiction by the insurgents. So that says to me that their presence and their control is more enthusiasm than capability.
LWJ: What about the potential for infiltration down into your security bubble around Kabul from Kunar and Nuristan?
MG Allyn: Well, I've read some pretty interesting articles on that ... Doug Olyphant has a pretty good one, if you've read it. I think it's worth taking his perspective, he spent a year here, and frankly, if you look at this terrain and you look at the lack of improved routes, you ask me how easy it is to get from [northern Kunar] to [Kabul].
LWJ: Difficult, but not impossible.
MG Allyn: I'll tell you what my assessment is: when they come out of the mountain passes over here ... we'll kill 'em tired. Now - there is very key terrain north of Kabul, because if you look at how all the valleys feed down from Nuristan and across from Kunar, they intersect with Laghman [province]. So, we will make it very difficult for that intersection to happen.
LWJ: It's recently been reported ... by Stars and Stripes that US forces are being redeployed in the Pech Valley. Is that with Afghan security forces, or ....
MG Allyn: Well, yes that's part of our partnership effort. So, yes, we deployed out there in some numbers in order to partner with the units that conducted the recent Operation Diamondhead. And we already had forces in there, partnered with those [Afghan Army] Kandaks, and we will have forces in there partnered with them until such time as they're ready for independent operations. Frankly the Second Kandak, on this recent mission, grew significantly in its ability. A huge part of this is demonstrating to the Afghan security forces that they're as good as they are; in some cases they don't realize how capable they have become in the last couple of years. So we are enabling them to take the lead and supporting them where they need to achieve success.
LWJ: So you would not characterize it as a [US] redeployment to the area?
MG Allyn: No, it's part of our partnership strategy. It's part of the third mission that I mentioned to you, the acceleration of the development of the Afghan security forces.
LWJ: And did you augment the partnership forces there [in the Pech]?
MG Allyn: We did. Frankly, there was a leadership challenge in the [Afghan Army] kandak and when they replaced the leader that was there ... he did not take them forward as an independent force, so we're going back in to restore that capacity.
LWJ: How important are the sanctuaries across the border in Pakistan's tribal area? Can the east be secured as long as these safe havens remain intact? And what is the long-term prescription for dealing with these redoubts?
MG Allyn: The long-term solution is an agreement between Afghanistan and Pakistan. But the fact of the matter is that insurgent groups exploit the disputed zone between Afghanistan and Pakistan routinely. They create problems for the Pakistan government in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and they create problems for Afghanistan along the remote areas of its border. So, what we try to focus on is, we have a common enemy. 'We' being Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Coalition Forces that are currently here have a common enemy, and we're trying to encourage teamwork against that common enemy.
But you hit a key point, there are priorities that Pakistan has ... they're focused up in the northern part of their border area and we don't have a lot of forces along the border [along Nuristan and Kunar]. This is extremely rugged terrain, it goes from 12,000 feet down to about 6,000 feet along this particular stretch of the border. And as you know, our presence tends to go inland a bit along the Pech River Valley and the Kunar Valley, so it merges away from the border itself. So you have Afghan border police, and PakMil border police, but there are a lot of folds in the terrain for insurgents to tuck in along the border.
LWJ: So actually it looks like it may be easier for [insurgents] to [stage in northeast Afghanistan] and do cross border raids into Pakistan, than it is to egress south ....
MG Allyn: Well, they do both. They have attacked against border forts along the Afghan side and they have attacked the PakMil ones as well. Frankly, our main area we want to get careful cooperation [with Pakistan] is [south] against Haqqani in Paktika and Khost. And because that's not the number one priority right now of PakMil, that is a point of friction. But their intent is to do complementary operations, our intent is to facilitate those. We have some encouraging tactical level cooperation going on with border flag meetings at the battalion and brigade level and so we're hoping to improve effects against the common enemy of both countries.
LWJ: There have been rare reports of US forces exchanging fire with Pakistani forces along the border, and more common reports of Afghan forces and Pakistani forces firing on each other ....
MG Allyn: That's been principally up in here [points to the northern border around Kunar and Nuristan]. And the reason is because the PakMil is firing against insurgents who have been taking safe haven among populations of Afghan civilians, and in some cases Afghan civilians have been the victims of that fire. Likewise, on the Pakistan side, they claim that some of the insurgent attacks into Pakistan have caused casualties to Pakistani civilians. It's an area of disputed terrain [between the two countries] and the enemy is exploiting it.
LWJ: How is that impacting the security situation up there and is there a lot of friction between the Afghan and Pakistani forces?
MG Allyn: We're trying to improve the coordination and communication. We have communication capability between our units along the border and theirs, so when those conflicts do arise we try to very quickly coordinate through the border coordination centers, as well as direct coordination between units on both sides. And our way going forward is going to be direct communication between Afghans and PakMil and us getting out of the middle of it.
LWJ: I realize this is an ongoing political process, but if [Pakistan] is focused [on the north-eastern border] and you are focused [on the southeastern border], and you can't get to an adequate solution as far as dealing with the sanctuaries across the border, and you do go ahead with the rest of the strategy of enabling the Afghan security forces, what is this going to look like? Just a long fight between the ANSF and ....
MG Allyn: Well, I think the end state is that between the Afghan border police and the Afghan army along the border, that we train them to a level that they can deter insurgent infiltration after we're gone. Now obviously, if Pakistan cooperates and makes it more difficult for those insurgent groups on their side of the border, that's a much easier task to accomplish. But our task is, they [the Afghan security forces] must be capable of doing what we're doing now by 2014. And we're focused on ensuring that they can.
But to say that our priority is down here [along the border of Paktia and Khost] doesn't mean that we aren't cooperating with them [along the border of Kunar and Nuristan]. For example, after we had a meeting with the [Pakistani] 11th Corps, which controls all the PakMil forces along the border in June, within the next several days, they coordinated for us to provide them some overwatch of areas [of the border] as they pushed up against insurgents in this area [along the northern border]. Now, we didn't have anybody cross where they asked us to look, but we looked. And we were postured to move forces if something materialized. And those are the type of complementary operations that we want to routinely do and coordinate with them as we go forward.
LWJ: And how would you rate Pakistan's level of cooperation? I know there has been some friction after the raid on Osama bin Laden ....
MG Allyn: Yeah, it's better than what it was when I got here (in May), but it's not as good as we want it to be. But our mission is to make it better every day, and we're working our darndest to try and do that.
LWJ: What is your overall outlook for this fight, with current force structure, the way things are going, the deadlines? How do you think this is going to wind up? And what is a realistic end state ... that you would define as success?
MG Allyn: I think in terms of our ability to grow the Afghan security force capacity to be able to assume security primacy by 2014, we're in good shape, we're on a glide path to get there, we know what we need to do. What places that at risk is if we don't replace weak [Afghan] leadership, corrupt leadership, both within the security force realm and within the government. If we get those right, then the goals are achievable. Likewise the governance at the center has got to sustain progress and has got to deal with the corruption, because it has a cancerous effect.
LWJ: And how much influence do you have over that?
MG Allyn: Well, we try to put a spotlight on it wherever we see it. And frankly, the senior leaders in the Afghan security forces are absolutely committed to wiping it out. The problem is, as you know, there has been a history of that type of activity, and in some cases it is counterculture. The people expect credible leadership and credible governance.
Note: An incorrect date of Major General Allyn's graduation from West Point was removed from the original version.
READER COMMENTS: "Haqqani Network is 'enemy number one' in Afghan east: General Allyn"
Posted by Mr. Nobody at August 9, 2011 11:09 AM ET:
How about getting the ABP away from their cushy safe HQ's and actually out on the border where they belong? Oh wait, it's dangerous out there. For example the ANP/ABP HQ in Orgun E is roughly 60+ kilometers from the actual border. Moving this HQ closer to the border in the area of the Bermel Valley would make a whole lot more sense but the corrupt leadership of this unit has fought that move tooth and nail. It's time that ISAF and coalition forces shut up and put up when it comes to the ABP. There is always a lot of talk but let's face it, not a lot of action. The focus has been primarily on building ANA/Commando/ANP capacity. The ABP has long been an after thought when it comes to getting the right MWE to move them in the right direction ie towards the border!
Posted by HN at August 9, 2011 11:49 AM ET:
I think we can only do so much against HQN without support from Pakistan, and that remains one of the biggest obstacles in RC East.
Posted by Paul Hirsch at August 9, 2011 10:46 PM ET:
Thanks for the good interview. Stay safe.
Posted by Jimmy at August 9, 2011 11:55 PM ET:
Just saying "Haqqani is enemy no. 1" and simultaneously mollycoddling Pakistan to act against them is similar to saying G�ebbles is enemy no. 1 while mollycoddling Hitler to act against him.
Why don't we follow India's example of counter-insurgency? They have successfully pacified J&K from Pakistani backed terrorists and successfully eliminate insurgents as soon as they cross over from the Line of Control. Obviously, the size of J&K and Afghanistan are different, so is the length of India Pakistan and Afghan Pakistan borders, but we can atleast adopt the same strategies, if not copy them in their entirety.
Co-operation with India is a must in this LongWar!
Posted by Charu at August 10, 2011 3:27 AM ET:
Then what is Pakistan; enemy number zero?
Posted by villiger at August 10, 2011 11:05 AM ET:
Nice one Charu!
And Bill, yes good interview, delving in all the right spaces. Curious what you took away from it--perhaps a blog as a sequel?
The General leaves one feeling good and solid on the path, just a touch too good to be true, but then, he's gotta have high confidence.
Thank you to both!
Posted by Charu at August 10, 2011 3:21 PM ET:
@Jimmy, I am not a fan of India's pusillanimous response to Pakistan's repeated terrorist brinkmanship, or its poor preparedness and seeming inability to learn from past mistakes. However, I am puzzled by how, despite all of its many serious security failures and it being the poster child for a soft state, India has managed to hold on to its part of Kashmir in spite of Pakistan's active collusion for some 20 years.
The Pashtun Taliban in AfPak are following Pakistan's playbook in Kashmir, but appear to have applied this far more successfully than the Punjabis ever did. The answer may just be that the Pashtuns are better fighters than the Punjabis, but that seems rather simplistic. Although the Indian civilian leadership is a mess, its armed forces may be more capable than given credit for.
Posted by Jimmy at August 11, 2011 12:29 AM ET:
Good Question! I have been studying India's own LongWar for some time and these are some of my observations:
1. Most important: India has recognized its ENEMY NO. 1 - PAKISTAN! This helps it to focus its energy against the real problem and not waste billions of dollars on trying to mollycoddle Pakistan similar to the rather childish methods of NATO.
2. J&K is one of India's states. Withdrawing from it is NOT an option. If the Jihadis are prepared for a 1000 year old LongWar, India is prepared for a 10,000 year LongerWar. It is a matter of survival of the Indian State, unlike NATO who are fighting on foreign soil.
3. India's counter insurgency strategies are superior to NATO's. India has NEVER used airplanes to bombard terrorist safe havens. This has limited civilian casualties. I am not a fan of NATO's (and specially the US') John Wayne style of counter-insurgency...going all out and bombing the hell out of the place. THAT DOES NOT WORK in overcrowded Asia! Plus the Indian soldiers know the terrain, the language and the customs of the region. This helps as the civilians don't always consider the soldiers as 'foreigners'.
4. India's response may seem pusillanimous because it is a neighbour of Nuclear Pakistan who is allied with India's other neighbour, Nuclear China. India does not have the liberty to punish Pakistan as easily as NATO. Heck, the US - a superpower has not been able to dislodge Fidel Castro from the tiny Cuba for the last 50-60 years! Its not easy to fight in your own neighborhood.
5. India's capability of HUMINT and TECHINT has grown exponentially in the J&K region.
6. India has successfully projected Pakistan as the real perpetrator of terror in J&K in front of the World. But still more pressure needs to be put on Pakistan from we people in the West.
Although I agree with you that India's technology for forensic investigations, international intelligence gathering and covert action capabilities are extremely stone-age.
Posted by Tim at August 11, 2011 2:27 AM ET:
To add to your points:
1. India does not need to depend on any foreign country to supply its forces fighting Pakistani terrorists in J&K. NATO is heavily depedant on the moods of Pakistan to supply its forces. Pakistan set up a nice trap with the help of the Afghans and NATO fell right into it!
2. As you said, J&K is a state of India, the Indian citizens do not have a fatigue syndrome in fighting Pakistani terrorists. Very few Indians will advice the Govt. to 'Pull-out' of J&K, even if the economic situation worsens. On the contrary, reports suggest terrorists are suffering from low morale and motivation to fight in J&K!
Posted by Civy at August 12, 2011 2:04 AM ET:
Interesting that he is very aware, that unlike Iraq where the largest 5 cities comprise 50% of the total population, in Afghanistan that number is ~ 15%. This makes Clear, Hold, Build challenging or impossible.
Very encouraging they are clear on the fundamental parameters of their mission, and how this theater's challenges differ.
"...the five largest population centers vary from 150,000 inhabitants in Jalalabad to only 26,000 in Asadabad. This decentralization presents difficult hurdles for both a resource-limited population-centric counterinsurgency strategy..."
Posted by Charu at August 14, 2011 1:07 AM ET:
In a scene reminiscent of The Godfather trilogy, just before he ordered the attack on 9-11, Bin Laden had the Taliban's greatest and most capable foe, Ahmad Shah Massoud, assassinated. For many years before this pivotal event we had ignored the warnings from Massoud and, worse, supported his arch enemies in Islamabad.
Today, history repeats itself and we have shown to have learnt nothing from our past mistakes. Massoud's successor today is Amrullah Saleh, the canny and very capable former spy chief of Aghanistan. Islamabad will do everything in its power to eliminate him, and you can bet that all of its multi-acronym'd proxies and allies (like Al Qaeda) will be gunning for him now that they have taken care of Ahmed Wali Karzai. Read The Telegraph report on their interview with Saleh and weep at our inability to listen to the people who matter in Afghanistan. Such folly!
Posted by Scipio at August 18, 2011 1:36 PM ET:
Great interview. Great questions. Cultivated responses from the general that did a fair job of avoiding discussion of the fact that the mission in RC-East remains no nearer to completion than it was 10 years ago. The general failed to provide a single indicator of progress that has taken place in RC-East. Maybe he should take a cue from the current administration and speak of Kabul not being lost ("jobs saved") as a metric for success. Nice coverup of the fact that the "transition" in the Pech was an abject failure. That the insurgents did not attack a convoy delivering aid (which they will use for themselves) is deemed an indicator of their lack of capability - laughable if not so sad for the lack of learning. Would absolutely love to know the Army's methodology for determining body counts.


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Gain insight into the life of controversial and inspiring woman who led the United Kingdom for more than ten years thanks to the BBC release The Rise and Fall of Margaret Thatcher now on DVD.
Featuring three outstanding productions - The Long Walk to Finchley, The Falklands Play and Margaret - on two discs, this fascinating collection follows the political career of the former Prime Minister. Andrea Riseborough (Made in Dagenham, Happy Go Lucky), Patricia Hodge (The Legacy of Reginald Perrin, Miranda) and Lindsay Duncan (Doctor Who, Rome) respectively tackle the role of the Iron Lady in these films.
The Rise and Fall of Margaret Thatcher is described as a must-own DVD set for all history buffs and Anglophiles alike.
Riseboroughs portrayal of a young Margaret Roberts in The Long Walk to Finchley, was hailed as breathtaking, giving Thatcher humor, drive and real sex appeal by the London Evening Standard. The intriguing film reveals her steely determination as an ambitious twenty-something research chemist on the first rungs of the ladder to Parliament.
Eager to speak her mind and be selected to a winnable Tory seat in the 1950s, The Long Walk to Finchley imagines what might have gone on behind the scenes during Thatchers ten-year struggle to gain a seat in Parliament.
Lauded by The Guardian as, a thrilling piece of drama which challenged prejudices and preconceptions, The Falklands Play chronicles the backroom story of Margaret Thatchers war. Once deemed too controversial to produce, this compelling production depicts a gripping account of how the leaders at 10 Downing Street faced one of their biggest crises in foreign affairs.
Finally, Margaret examines the downfall of the Prime Minister after her election to a third term. One of the most formidable figures in British politics, the film ultimately reveals that the very aspects of her character that helped her secure power were also the ones that ensured her decline.
The Daily Express praised the film as riveting viewing Lindsay Duncan plays her as sharp as a ferret, with the eyes of a lynx and the manner of an aged, furious tiger.
The Clips:


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Quakerism in a Nutshell
Since the 17th century, Quakers (also known as Friends) have used diverse and often genderless language to describe the Divine Spirit that annimates all people and things. Quakers often speak of "that of God in everyone" to sum up the idea that each of us is connected to that Spirit and can feel God's guidance in our lives directly, without the need of a priest or minister. Quakers have also long held that faith should be expressed in the way we live, not just our words. These two convictions have led Quakers to what are called Testimonies: Peace, Equality, Simplicity, Integrity, Community, and Stewardship. As a result, Quakers have played important roles in many social justice movements, from abolition and women's suffrage to the civil rights and environmental movements. A brief history and explanation of the testimonies can be found on the Earlham School of Religion website.
Be patterns, be examples in all countries, places, islands, nations, wherever you go, so that your carriage and life may preach among all sorts of people, and to them. Then you will come to walk cheerfully over the world, answering that of God in every one.
~ George Fox, 1624-1691
Like many religious groups, Quakers have had splits and theological divisions over the years. As a result, there are branches of Quakerism that feel very different from each other, both in their form of worship and in the religious language that they use. Eileen Flanagan belongs to the more liberal "unprogrammed" tradition, referring to a form of worship where people gather in silence, rather than a planned service with a preacher. They are not directly related to the Amish and most dress more or less like their non-Quaker neighbors, except for maybe being less extravagent about clothes.
Friends World Committee on Consultation has an extensive list of Quaker organizations from the different branches. The map can help you find Quakers in your part of the world. If you are interested in visiting an unprogrammed meeting for worship in the US or Canada, you can find one here. If you want to spend a weekend at a beautiful retreat center learning more about Quakerism, Pendle Hill offers Inquirers' Weekends on a regular basis.
Check out Friends Journal for articles on contemporary Quaker thought or Quaker Books for related books. Here are some of Eileen's favorites:
- Letters to a Fellow Seeker by Steve Chase.
- Light to Live By by Rex Amber.
- The Journal and Major Essays of John Woolman edited by Phillips Moulton.
- The Quaker Reader edited by Jessamyn West.
- Four Doors to Meeting for Worship by William Taber.


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Sunday, June 10, 2012
Behold with awe, and weep: THE UNDEAD (1957) Fleams Streely!
My favorite Corman movie, I love Charles B. Griffith's and Marc Hana's droll script, and Corman's dream poetry econo-direction, the array of sexy or otherwise awesome performances; I love the feeling of flowing poetic weirdness that it can only come from being shot in sequence over one long night in a single empty supermarket, full of black toxic mist to disguise the barren cheapness (and it was!). You'd think it would satisfy itself with being just one thing, but there's a lot going on here: two witches, demon midgets who turn into leftover bat props from IT CONQUERED THE WORLD, and Satan and his dancing ghoul girls!
Meant to tie in to the then-craze for reincarnation (set in motion by the popularity of the Bridey Murphy story), Pamela Duncan is hypnotized to travel through the sea of time to her past lives, but she ends up derailing the Grand Scheme of Things when she's able to whisper advice to her about-to-be-beheaded for witchcraft Middle Ages incarnation. When her prior self escapes the axe thank to her future self's tip, her loyal suitor and the palace guards give chase and the hypnotist joins her in the past to try and correct the matter. I saw this when very young on TV and the scene were Duncan seeks shelter at the witch's house is to me the eternally definitive Halloween moment, Neumann the definitive witch. She's a good witch, despite her crooked nose (putting to rest the libelous claim of Glenda in OZ that "only bad witches are ugly"), and I love the casual way she asks the stranger at her door "Are you from this era or from a time yet to be?" as if hypnotists from the future were not uncommon. Maybe they're not! Maybe the guardian angels we sometimes think we have are just our distant future selves slipping us hot tips at definitive moments via whatever time travel-hypnosis tools are available in time yet to be. I'd love to travel into the distant past of THE UNDEAD since Alison Hayes is awesome as the va-va-Voom-level hot bad witch with eyes on Pamela's man and I'm sure I could lure her away with my manly knowledge of photoshop.
See it here, free, courtesy AMC!
1 comment:
When Corman was on and really cared about a script, he delivered amazing cinema. "Masque of the Red Death" being the best example, and a personal favorite. Even his worst director-for-hire clunkers have moments of awkward poetic brilliance. I haven't had the chance to see this one yet. But definitely will now. Thanks for posting the link!
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The closer the amputation level is to the body, the more difficult the rehabilitation. This means that, as a rule, people with below-knee amputations find rehabilitation easier and have better mobilisation prospects than those with disarticulation at the
Amputation at the level of the pelvis
Amputations at the level of the pelvis lead to a considerable limitation of functional performance. As a rule, the patient can only move about using forearm crutches and can walk only very short distances using a pelvic socket prosthesis. These patients can be expected to perform activities in sitting without having to walk far and protected from the weather. According to the German Severely Disabled Act, this constitutes an exceptional walking handicap [German = außergewöhnliche Gehbehinderung, or "aG"].
Above-knee amputation
Providing the surgical technique is suitable, it is today possible to provide patients with a prosthesis with a socket that usually surrounds the residual limb, even with short residual limbs. Short to medium walking distances are most certainly possible with these. The patients should avoid activities that involve lots of stair climbing and activities where they have to stand on ladders. The activity profile should normally favour sitting with the option of walking around occasionally, the patient can be expected to walk to work and protection from the weather is recommended. With regard to sitting, chairs that have been adapted for surgical destruction of a joint (arthrodesis chairs) are useful. Letter "G" in the German Severely Disabled Act.
Knee disarticulation
Knee disarticulation results in a fully weight-bearing residual limb that allows for satisfactory prosthetic care. When the prosthesis fits properly and the condition of the residual limb is normal, medium and even long walking distances are possible, walking to work can be expected. The activity profile should avoid moisture as far as possible (risk of chafing). Letter "G" in the German Severely Disabled Act.
Below-knee amputation
Below-knee amputations allow patients to use their own knee joints. With a suitable prosthesis, the patients can be expected to perform a moderately demanding physical job. The work can be carried out in all physical positions although work that often involves crouching or cramped conditions should be avoided. Normal work can also be carried out, where necessary, on uneven ground (gardening etc.) when using a prosthesis with a thigh corset. In Germany such patients are classified as "G" in the Severely Disabled Act.


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"It would probably be better not to use this tracking system at all if we had to let people know about it. It's not invasive. It might raise alarms for no reason."
— Glenna Weddle, owner of Rac Boutique, a women's clothing store that is a Turnstyle client. Turnstyle has sensors — which detect WiFi signals on people's mobile phones — at about 200 businesses within a 0.7 mile radius that track shoppers (without their knowledge) as they move about Toronto, according to the Wall Street Journal. Turnstyle also offers free WiFi at local restaurants and coffee shops there, and it uses the information from Facebook logins (including names) and combines them with the aggregated data (without names) collected by its sensors. It then builds profiles of consumer lifestyles and passes that information along to its clients. It's just another tracking tool for retailers; other tools include apps such as Shopkick, and Apple's iBeacon, which is being used to track customers' locations inside Apple stores, grocers and other retailers. Other technology in the works includes tiny cameras hidden in signs, as Heather Somerville has reported.
Photo of iPhone from Associated Press archives


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Shaping the future of energy together
In the coming decades, all countries must find more energy at a much-reduced cost to the environment. In this speech, Royal Dutch Shell's CEO, Peter Voser, focuses on how governments and industry can work together to build a secure, affordable and sustainable energy system. While the innovation of industry will be critical, much hinges on the implementation of a coherent policy framework.
Shaping the future of energy together
The UN Summit in Copenhagen is just days away. And right now all the media focus is on what will emerge from those talks – understandably enough.
Yet whatever the outcome, some important lessons have already emerged from the many months of negotiations.
Most important, that meeting the global energy challenge requires strong co-operation between business and government, and across international borders.
I want to talk about the energy industry's role in all this. Before offering what I think should be a few clear goals for governments and policy-makers.
The scale of our activities puts Shell in the frontline of the global energy challenge.
Shell operates in more than one hundred countries, producing more than 3.2 million barrels of oil and gas every day. Worldwide, there are some 45,000 Shell service stations, selling transport fuels to some 10 million customers a day. And we run more than twenty-five major refineries and chemical plants.
In 2008, we had revenues of $458.4 billion, and invested some $1.2 billion in Research and Development, more than any other oil major.
Recessionary pressures
And we, like the rest of the industry, are grappling with the deepest recession since the 1930s.
Global oil demand could fall by over two million barrels per day this year, the steepest drop since 1980. And after thirty years of near unbroken growth, demand in the European Union for natural gas is likely to fall by 5%.
Oil price volatility has intensified. Over the past year or so, the price of oil has fallen from a high of $147 per barrel to below $40, before recovering to between $60 and $70 – and even higher.
The uplift in prices owes more to disciplined production controls by OPEC and other oil producing countries than to a recovery in underlying demand.
Refinery margins are under pressure, as are margins in the chemicals business. And the energy industry continues to struggle with costs, which have doubled since 2004.
On a broader front, the global economic recovery is likely to prove fragile and prolonged. In many countries, the return to growth has been underpinned by hefty government stimulus packages. And critical decisions remain to be taken about when and how that support will be withdrawn.
In Europe, unemployment continues to rise and consumer confidence remains weak. Credit conditions remain tight as banks continue to rebuild their balance sheets. And in many countries, the public finances are under severe strain.
All this helps to explain why I expect business conditions to remain difficult for at least the next year.
The worst may be behind us, but we are still bumping along the bottom of the economic cycle.
Yet the energy industry must do its best to keep one eye firmly on life beyond the recession.
The long-term supply challenge
This matters because the long-term trend of surging energy demand will resume as the global economy recovers. By 2050, global demand will double, driven by a rising global population and economic growth in the developing economies.
Over the next half-century, the world will also need to manage greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst effects of global warming, about which scientific warnings are getting worse.
Heavy investment in all energy sources will be needed to maintain a secure supply, from oil and natural gas, to biofuels, nuclear power, solar and wind. And even then it will be extremely tough to meet the world's growing energy needs.
The numbers are dazzling. The IEA has said that energy supply investment of $26.3 trillion will be needed by 2030, including $5.5 trillion in renewable energy.
Yet the global recession has caused a slump in investment across the energy industry over the past year.
This could have all kinds of adverse consequences.
Most urgent, we could face another oil supply crunch and renewed price volatility within a few years, choking the global economic recovery.
Shrinking investment also threatens the long-term transition to a low-carbon economy.
Shell has long experience of many different energy sources. In addition to today's activities in oil, natural gas, biofuels and wind-power, we were once also involved in forestry, coal mining, nuclear, and, more recently, solar.
On the back of all this, we believe that by mid-century 30% of the world's energy could come from wind, solar and other renewable sources.
Yet reaching this goal is far from a done deal. It will require decades of sustained effort and investment. And even then nuclear power and fossil fuels will still supply at least 70% of the world's energy in 2050.
Technology deployment curves
Sometimes people forget the massive scale of the energy system and what that means for how quickly we can shift to something significantly different.
It takes around thirty years for new primary energy sources and carriers to obtain a one per cent share of the market. And even that is after commercial introduction.
Right now, biofuels are reaching a one per cent share of the market, after a quarter century of dedicated effort. And wind power could do so by the middle of the next decade, twenty-five years after the first large wind parks were built in the US and Denmark.
There are further constraints that must be overcome.
Whether we like it or not, almost every low-carbon energy technology uses more mineral resources than energy from oil or natural gas.
For example, wind-turbines consume double the amount of steel in producing the same amount of electricity as a natural gas-fired power plant. They also consume more nickel and chromium than conventional power stations, again for the same amount of electricity.
Another example is neodymium, a rare earth metal needed for the magnets in wind turbines and electric car batteries. But mineable concentrations of the metal are rare and difficult to produce in environmentally friendly ways.
To build a sustainable energy system we will need to make responsible use of all the world's precious resources.
All this helps to explain why the global energy challenge is one of the great social and economic challenges of the century. And why it requires a coherent and urgent response from government and industry alike.
The contribution of industry
In this context, what should be the contribution of the energy industry and companies like Shell?
With an unrivalled tradition of technological innovation, the energy transition is a huge opportunity for Shell. And one that we must grasp with both hands.
That's why we have stuck to our investment plans throughout a difficult 2009. This year, we remain on-track to invest some $32 billion in capital projects. While in 2010 we expect to invest around $28 billion.
Our investments are focussed on three main areas.
As a first priority, we must help to satisfy long-term demand, and make the most of the world's oil and gas resources. With easily accessible oil and gas resources in decline, this increasingly means operating in frontiers like the Arctic and deep waters.
Take Shell's Perdido Project in the Gulf of Mexico, where we will tap reservoirs that lie under nearly two miles of water, and that much farther again below the seabed. Such is the depth that all the sub-sea equipment is built by robots in pitch-black, near freezing darkness. When finished, it will have the capacity to produce the equivalent of 130,000 barrels of oil per day.
In addition, we are improving our enhanced oil recovery techniques to squeeze as many barrels as possible from existing fields.
Reducing the carbon intensity of fossil fuels
A second task for the industry is to reduce the carbon intensity of fossil fuels. And here again Shell is breaking new ground.
We are growing our natural gas business. So much so that by 2012 gas will account for around half our production.
Gas is the cleanest burning fossil fuel, emitting half the carbon dioxide of coal when burned for power generation. And by replacing coal with gas, countries can deliver sharp emissions reductions in the next decade.
Alongside this, Shell scientists continue to develop the fuel economy products that help our customers use less fuel, save money and reduce their emissions.
Our latest product for retail customers, Shell FuelSave, is a great example.
The most advanced fuel economy product in the market, it helps drivers save up to one litre of fuel per tank, based on a 50-litre fill-up.
We have launched FuelSave in five countries in Europe and Asia this year. And it has been so popular with consumers that it has won us more volume. So helping customers use less fuel can be commercially successful.
Our efforts aren't confined to transport fuels. Take concrete, for example.
Shell Thiocrete
At Shell, we have developed a sulphur-based binder, Shell Thiocrete, which replaces conventional cement in concrete.
Initial studies indicate that Shell Thiocrete could reduce the lifecycle CO2 impact of concrete by between 30% and 50%, depending on what it is used for. An added advantage is that the sulphur we use is a by-product of our oil and gas production.
And in the past week, we announced the first commercial sale of Shell Thiocrete based products. Drainage channels made using Shell Thiocrete have been purchased for use along railway lines.
Elsewhere, we are working to improve energy efficiency across our own operations, and driving rapid advances in carbon capture and storage technology.
Carbon capture and storage technology
Thanks to the industry's longstanding expertise in injecting Carbon Dioxide into oil fields to boost production, we have the knowhow to do it on a large scale.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the technology could deliver around half of the total emissions reduction needed to stabilise atmospheric greenhouse gas levels by the end of the century. It would also build a bridge to a distant future when renewable energy can supply a significant portion of global energy.
The need is urgent, especially for coal-fired power. Asia alone will build some 800 gigawatts of new coal-fired generating capacity over the next ten years, equal to the EU's total electricity generating capacity today.
Shell is involved in a string of CCS projects around the world. One example is in Canada's oil sands region, where our plans for the Quest project are moving forward.
Shell Quest aims to store up to 1.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide each year from our Scotford upgrader. That's the equivalent of taking around 175,000 North American vehicles off the road.
A third job for the energy industry is to help broaden the world's energy mix.
In the field of alternative energy, we are especially excited by the possibilities of biofuels, which the IEA thinks might account for 11% of road transport fuel by 2030.
Shell is already the world's largest distributor of transport biofuels. And today's biofuels will be critical to reducing the carbon intensity of road transportation over the next decade.
Yet we also need to manage the social and environmental challenges of biofuels.
The benefits of biofuels vary according to the feedstock and production processes used. For example, North American ethanol produced from corn typically reduces greenhouse gas emissions by between 10% and 30%, whereas an efficient variety of Brazilian ethanol derived from sugar cane can reduce emissions by as much as 90%.
Biofuel supply chains are long and involve thousands of individual farmers. Shell has taken many steps to ensure our supply chains are environmentally sustainable. For instance, we include sustainability clauses in our contracts. And, so far, three-quarters of our suppliers have signed up to them.
With partner companies and universities in the US and Europe, we are also working on future fuels that use non-food biomass, like crop residue or even algae. Yet much hard work lies ahead to overcome all the technical hurdles and to produce them at competitive prices.
Alongside all this, we will continue to operate our wind business, mainly located in the United States.
In all these ways, the industry and Shell can drive progress towards a sustainable energy future.
Industry and government: working together
But much hinges on the ability of industry, governments and consumers to pull in the same direction.
And Switzerland has pioneered a bold approach here.
Through the Energy Trialogue, key stakeholders are pursuing an inclusive approach to energy policy, involving the government, consumers, NGOs and the energy industry, including Shell. And I was delighted to serve on the board until earlier this year, when my Shell colleague Ralph Stalder took over.
The Trialogue calls for significant emissions reductions in line with the targets put forward by the EU. And it contains a range of measures, from putting a price on carbon emissions to efficiency standards for vehicles, buildings and appliances.
None of them will be easy to get right, and they all involve tradeoffs.
But they stand a much greater chance of success with a broad coalition of support behind them, stretching right across society. And I'm hopeful that the Trialogue's approach will be replicated in other countries.
Proper industry and government co-operation is also needed to channel technological innovation and consumer choices in the right direction.
Energy efficiency
To see why this matters, you only have to look at energy efficiency.
The easiest and cheapest way to limit the impact of energy on the environment is to conserve it.
Yet the story of energy efficiency is a surprisingly complex one.
History shows it is all too easy to squander big efficiency gains unless they are accompanied by regulations that ensure a lasting positive impact.
Take the car industry.
From the 1970s onwards, fuel injection, microprocessors and other technical advances improved energy efficiency. But they did not result in better fuel economy for the average vehicle.
That's because the efficiency gains were used to add power for quicker acceleration and higher maximum speeds. Or to move heavier vehicles, such as the pickup trucks that became so popular for personal transportation in the United States. Improving fuel economy was simply not a priority.
As a consequence, over the past thirty-five years there has been only modest improvement in the average fuel economy of new cars in Europe, and virtually none in the US.
All this shows the importance of well-targeted government policies. And in developing new economy standards in the EU and US, car owners, vehicle manufacturers, oil companies and policy-makers have come together to moderate both energy demand and carbon emissions.
And that is surely a blueprint for real progress.
International co-operation
All of which leads onto the final element of an integrated response: international co-operation.
The energy challenge is such that no country can make the journey alone. Take the example of Switzerland.
Thanks to hydropower, alternative sources already provide a sizeable chunk of its electricity. And the country is taking important policy steps to curb its carbon emissions.
Yet unless the world's heaviest emitting countries do the same, Switzerland faces far-reaching consequences. Our glaciers are shrinking. And as precipitation declines and energy usage increases, hydropower is forecast to meet a declining proportion of Swiss energy demand.
What are the critical elements of a global framework?
At Shell, we believe that a first priority is to put a global price on carbon dioxide.
And we think the best way to achieve that goal is to create a system to cap CO2 emissions and trade emission allowances, which would channel resources towards the most cost-effective reduction measures.
A global agreement should also set out a clear path for the rapid and large-scale deployment of CCS technology. And include measures to promote energy efficiency and to reduce emissions from deforestation.
The Copenhagen talks give the world the opportunity to make progress on all these fronts.
Yet we must be realistic. Negotiating a binding agreement is proving to be a long, hard slog. And expectations of a binding deal have been revised downwards in recent weeks.
Yet whatever emerges from next month's talks, all countries must strive for renewed momentum in 2010.
Now is not the time for the world to retreat behind national borders. And there is no doubt that the leadership of the United States can make a powerful contribution here in the months ahead.
By working together, industry and government can set the world on the path to a secure and sustainable energy future.
It is easy to call for this kind of unified action. Delivering on-the-ground progress is a lot tougher.
Yet in the global response to the financial crisis over the past year, we have a route-map. Together, taxpayers, governments and businesses have shouldered the responsibility for saving the world's banking system. Strong international co-ordination has contained the protectionism that threatened the global economy just twelve months ago.
And policymakers continue to work across borders in pursuit of a viable system of financial regulation.
That looks like a model. And it's one I'd like to see used to tackle the global energy challenge.
Thank you.


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www.moto-forza.com, Moto Forza, southern California Ducati Dealer, and NovaTac have teamed up with legendary racer, Miguel Duhamel, who will enter the Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca round of the AMA Superbike series to help raise awareness of the programs and services offered through TERI (Training, Education & Research Institute) a private, non-profit agency serving the needs of children and adults with autism and other developmental and learning disabilities, and their families.
Yamaha and GE Capital are proud to announce that they will be adding another event to the Red Bull U.S. Grand Prix weekend as Yamaha MotoGP Riders Colin Edwards, Ben Spies and Jorge Lorenzo and Yamaha legends Eddie Lawson, Wayne Rainey and Kenny Roberts will meet their fans for an up close question and answer session during a live music set on stage on Saturday July 24 at 6:00 p.m.
Pat Clark Motorsports is pleased to announce a unique opportunity for fans to own a piece of history as the gear of AMA Pro National Guard SuperBike class racers Chris Clark and Ben Bostrom will be auctioned to benefit Rett Syndrome. The special edition leathers and bodywork with new livery will make their AMA Pro race debut at the Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca round of the series and be auctioned on eBay the following week.
Click a term to refine your current search.


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Cory!
Facts about Cory
- Breed: Rottweiler Mix
- Color: Black - With Tan, Yellow Or Fawn
- Age: Adult
- Size: Med. 26-60 lbs (12-27 kg)
- Sex: Male
Cory's Info...
I am already neutered, housetrained, a special needs pet, up to date with shots, good with kids, good with dogs, and not good with cats.
Oct 10th
What a wonderful change in Cory. He has totally come out of his shell and is starting to be playful and is totally settled. Cory got to spend a few days at Run Free Canine Centre. http://www.runfreecaninecentre.com/ and had a blast. He got along with everyone there although he felt he had to monitor the puppies playing. He also spent the better part of 2 weeks with little dogs and once they were brave enough to tell him off for licking them, he stopped.
Cory has had his dental. He had 5 teeth removed and we have seen a huge change in his appetite. He now gobbles his food and clearly enjoys every single bite.
We also had his hips rechecked. Cory does not have hip dysplacia. He has Spondylosis. What this means is that there is bone growths on his lower spine. He is tender in that area and we are looking into accupuncture and hydro therapy.
Cory is now ready for adoption. He is learning that getting in the truck is not an awful thing and he is totally fine once he gets going. If you are looking for a dog that just wants to hang out with you, then look at bringing Cory into your family. This affectionate boy really deserves a home of his own.
We think Cory is between 6 - 8 yrs old Cory came to us from a shelter on Vancouver Island. He was turned into the shelter when someone saw him limping down the highway.
Cory is a smaller fellow at about 65 lbs. He is lean and needs to be kept lean as he has hip dysplasia. We dont' think its too bad and any discomfort is kept well away with inexpensive meds and some great suppliments.
This guys is a treat to have around. He takes a day or two to warm up but once he loves you, he loves you. He is always full of kisses and bum wags. and if your not watching he is quick to crawl up on the couch. He has proven himself to be great in the house and will make someone a wonderful addition.
Cory lives with a little dog that has no trouble telling him off, but we think he would do best either with a submissive female or as an olnly dog. Cory loves to chase small furry things and we doubt he could live with a cat or other small creatures.
And the other thing about Cory is he is not fond of riding in a car. He is learning to go in and out of our SUV on a rampbut will need to continue to learn that great things happen when you go for a car ride.
Cory will only be adopted within British Columbia. Feel free to drop us a line if you would like an application emailed to you.
Other Pets at West Coast Rottweiler Rescue
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Cory, a Surrey Rottweiler dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Rottweiler for sale in Surrey, or seeking a Rottweiler dog from a breeder in Surrey.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in Surrey already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a Surrey breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
- You will become a hero, and give a needy dog or cat a loving home. In fact, there are even Rottweiler breeders who help with Rottweiler rescue. One puppy or kitten adopted in Surrey paves the way for another one to be saved.


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Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
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Toxicity, Ciguatera »
Ciguatera poisoning is the most common nonbacterial, fish-borne poisoning in the United States.


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Lancelin waves comp was held today in small, light conditions. The wave component of the annual Lancelin Classic attracts Aussies and Internationals alike all chasing the prize money up for grabs. Ex world champ Scotty Mckercher, PWA young gun Jaeger Stone, UK's finest Pom Ben Proffitt and the brains behind Severne sails, Ben Severne made up the final four fighting for top honours. The winner will be announced at the presos on Saturday.
In the mean time check out some more shots in the Lancelin Waves gallery.


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Halloween Night An Evening in the land of OZ
Wednesday, October 31st 2012, 5:00 pm to 9:00pm
Blue Martini
900 South Miami ave. 2nd level
Miami, FL
Must be 21 to enter
Valet Parking: Available
Cost: Free
Dress Code: Costumes optional
[email protected] by Tuesday, October 30th 2012
You are invited to celebrate a Corporate
Halloween Happy Hour at Blue Martini
Mention Fabulous Miami at the door to receive a ticket for a complimentary welcome drink. Hors D'oevres from 5:00 pm to 9:00 pm. Free Entrance!
Be sure to tell them Soul Of Miami sent you!Click here to sign up for the Soul Of Miami email list.