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Archive for category Sub-Saharan Africa
Story from a Nigerian survivor of torture only reaffirms claims in Amnesty's new torture report
Posted by IRCT in Sub-Saharan Africa on 18/09/2014
Whether targeting a Boko Haram suspect, an alleged criminal, a sex worker, or simply part of a minority group, a new Amnesty International report highlights how torture is endemic in Nigeria as the police and military routinely use it to extract confessions, extort money and to break the will of detainees.
The report, entitled 'Welcome to Hell Fire', claims torture has become widespread in the police and military hunt for members of Boko Haram – a militant Islamic group, branded as a terrorist organisation by the US, responsible for a string of attacks and death since 2009 including the Chibok Kidnapping on 276 schoolgirls in April 2014.
The report shows that the pursuit of Boko Haram has led to the torture of many suspects who have no ties to the group at all. Because of this campaign, torture has become routine. The report claims that, as a minimum, 5,000 people have been detained since 2009 when military operations began against Boko Haram. While the level of torture victims from this group cannot be fully determined, Amnesty spoke to 500 detainees, their relatives and human rights defenders, all confirming either they had been tortured or they know a detainee who has.
Consequently detainees and ordinary criminal suspects experience torture "as the main interrogation tactic… despite assurances from the Nigerian government to prevent the use of torture." Torture practices include beatings, rape and other sexual violence, shooting to legs and arms and periods of time laid on beds of nails.
Torture in Nigeria has long been known by the IRCT, the effects of which continue to be addressed by Nigerian IRCT member Prisoners Rehabilitation and Welfare Action (PRAWA).
To illustrate the prevalence of torture, the effects of torture and the journey through rehabilitation necessary in just one case, we turn to the story of Leo – a 27-year-old concert-goer who, after happening to stumble across the scene of an earlier robbery in the city of Nsukka, experienced four-months of suffering as the police tortured him repeatedly for a crime which he was not even part of.
Leo's story: "I do not know now why I was tortured"
Leo, whose name has been changed to protect his identity, was travelling to the city of Nsukka, in south-eastern Nigeria, hoping for a relaxing evening with friends at a music event.
On his way to the venue, Leo was approached by four security officials who claimed to recognise him from a robbery that occurred just prior to Leo's arrival.
"The security forces were looking for a group of hoodlums who had just fled the scene next to the concert venue, and I was accused of being part of the gang," says Leo. "I tried to explain that I had only just arrived in town, but the explanations fell on deaf ears.
"It was then that the four security guards turned on me and began to beat me," explains Leo, who still has painful memories of his torture.
Leo's beating escalated from punches and kicks to being hit with sticks, a shovel and even an iron. The torture continued over a period of a few hours.
"They beat me with whatever they could find nearby," says Leo. "I had injuries all over my body. I was cut, bleeding and bruised. The pain was unbearable. I could not walk for days afterwards."
After the beating, an unconscious Leo was taken to the local police station where he was detained, charged with robbery offences and transferred to nearby Nsukka prison, where he spent four months awaiting trial.
Leo does not recall torture while in detention and was released in May 2012 after police could not establish enough evidence against him.
"I do not know now why I was tortured," says Leo. "I was not part of the crime scene at all and still feel shocked about the attack now, even though it was so brief."
While in custody, Leo was approached by the team from IRCT member PRAWA, who offered counselling as a way for Leo to talk about the attack.
"The people from PRAWA helped me talk about my experience while I was in prison," says Leo. "They understood what had happened and encouraged me to talk. They also helped to treat me for my injuries while I was in prison and offered me counselling during my time in prison and when I was released.
"My attackers are wicked people, but counselling has helped come to terms with the attack. I still see the PRAWA psychologist today to talk about any issues I have related to the attack. The attack left me feeling confused, hurt and scared. PRAWA have helped to restore my pride, and my trust in others."
Now a labourer on a building site, Leo is thankful for his rehabilitation.
"I still feel some pains in my legs due to my injuries and my sexual life has not been the same since due to the injuries I received in the beating," says Leo.
"But I would say that I am much better than before I met the team at PRAWA. It is good that centres like this exist, and that some people care about helping those who have been tortured regain their lives. I only hope more groups exist to fight torture in society and to provide treatments for victims like me."
To read the stories of survivors from a range of countries on the IRCT website, click this link.
Rape used as a routine weapon of torture in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Posted by IRCT in Justice, Sub-Saharan Africa, Women/Girls/Gender on 02/06/2014
"…The soldiers took turns to hold her or rape her. When she tried to resist they beat her and forced her harder … They tried to tie her legs with anything they could lay hands on to separate her legs…"
– Excerpt from medico-legal report by Freedom from Torture doctor.
It is a shocking description, but sadly one all too common to many women in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). According to a report from IRCT member Freedom from Torture, rape is routinely used as a weapon of torture to prevent women from supporting human rights, politics, or even their high-ranking positions in society.
The report – Rape as torture in the DRC: Sexual violence beyond the conflict zone – uses extracts from 34 medical assessments from women aged 21 to 60 to show the world what is happening today in the DRC – a country which is hypocritically one of the first signatories to the new International Protocol on Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict, which is launched by the UK Government next week.
The women in the report, all of whom remain anonymous, come from a variety of backgrounds, from mothers to university graduates, from doctors to cooks. But the women have one thing in common: they were targeted because of their political involvement as members or supporters of opposition groups, or women's rights organisations
The activities that led to their arrests included storing and distributing leaflets, banners and tee-shirts and attending meetings and demonstrations. In one story, Jomaphie (not her real name) was arrested by uniformed soldiers while attending a political event in the capital, Kinshasa. She was detained with many others for four days in a small room before being transferred to detention elsewhere.
Men and women were held together for the first night, during which they were given no food or water. Women were removed repeatedly from the room and raped by different soldiers and were beaten when they attempted to resist. The men were separated after the first night but the women remained in the same room for three more nights, during which time they were given biscuits and water and continued to be raped and beaten repeatedly. After this they were transferred from the airport to prison.
Conditions of detention
The women were all arrested by state actors – soldiers, police or members of the security services – and mostly they were detained in state security facilities. They were frequently mistreated during arrest and en route to detention. They described being beaten, hit with rifle butts, rubber truncheons and belts, being restrained face down in the back of a truck and being kicked and stamped on, slapped and punched.
There was no proper judicial process following any arrest and the women had no access to any legal advice or representation. The vast majority were allowed no communication with friends or family.
The conditions in which they were held were foul and unhygienic; with little light or air, no sanitation and without adequate food and water. Women held in solitary confinement described being detained alone in cells as small as one metre square in which they were either unable, or barely able, to lie down. Others were crowded into small cells with up to 20 other people.
The report lists horrors unimaginable to many, but ones which are unfortunately very real indeed. But perhaps the most shocking fact is that the DRC is a signatory of both the UNCAT (United Nations Convention Against Torture) and the OPCAT (Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture) – both legally binding protocols which are meant to ensure that torture is forbidden, and that survivors of torture can seek adequate redress for torture as well as support and assistance to end impunity.
Freedom from Torture has been providing support to people tortured in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) since 1985, and in 2013, 111 survivors of torture from the DRC used our services. The findings of Freedom from Torture suggest that as a matter of urgency the DRC and the international community should be pursuing a more joined-up approach to tackling sexual violence by recognising the links between rape, sexual violence and torture.
To read the full report and for more information, click this link.
On the forefront: meet the organisations behind the torture rehabilitation movement
Posted by IRCT in Advocacy and Influencing Policy, Asia, Europe, From our members, Governance, Justice, Latin America & the Caribbean, Middle East North Africa, North America, Pacific, Prevention, Rehabilitation, Sub-Saharan Africa on 04/02/2014
Through more than 140 rehabilitation centres across the globe, the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT) is the largest international network against torture, providing rehabilitation, justice and hope to victims of torture all over the world.
Although under the same umbrella, each of these organisations is unique and operates in a variety of contexts. There are centres working around the clock to deal with humanitarian crises – such as Restart in Lebanon, or the Institute for Family Health in Jordan, which are currently struggling to respond to the challenging influx of Syrian refugees, many of them victims of torture, and groups working with the victims of long past dictatorships, such as those of Latin America in in 1970s.
There are also centres focused on healing entire communities through group therapy and counselling in places where armed conflict created deep societal wounds, and centres who are working with victims of terrible, and often covered-up, state torture, in countries usually assumed democratic and free from torture.
The range of focus areas is vast and, to counter this, so are the different methods of rehabilitation: there are traditional methods of rehabilitation, from psychotherapy and counselling, to group projects focused on rebuilding a community; there are innovative programmes such as yoga sessions which offer physical solutions to long-term pain; storytelling classes and artistic events across centres allow survivors of torture to express their pain in a personal and enlightening way; and projects such as the natural growth project, run by Freedom From Torture, which allow survivors of torture to find their place in the world by reconnecting them with nature and society.
Despite the differences, these organisations share an aim: to create a world without torture.
Over the coming weeks we will be focusing on particular torture rehabilitation centres from across the globe, giving an insight into how they operate and the work they complete on a daily basis.
Every week we shall turn our attention to a different centre and showcase how the centres and programmes work within varying national and local contexts, with different target groups, and use a range of methods to address the effects of torture on individuals, families and communities.
Torture has far-reaching consequences. Rehabilitation too has a far-reaching impact, one which can assist a person, a family, a community, and even a region, in moving on from their past and into a pain-free life once more.
Join us from next week as we go behind-the-scenes of the centres.
The need for better treatment of refugees fleeing torture
Posted by IRCT in Advocacy and Influencing Policy, Europe, Justice, News & Clippings, Rehabilitation, Sub-Saharan Africa on 01/11/2013
The fight to find safety away from persecution and torture is tough enough – every year war and conflict, together with ethnic, religious and cultural persecution, force millions of people to flee their home country to lands often unknown other than in name. Fleeing the homeland is not so much a choice but a necessity for survival.
So imagine, after all the struggles to ensure security, being deported back to the country where you were tortured. That's the reality for 11 Congolese refugees who, until last month, were residing in Tees Valley, north-east England, to escape their torturers.
In the 'Unsafe Return 2' report, from UK human rights charity Justice First, evidence suggests 11 out of 15 Congolese refugees whom the charity tracked between November 2011 and September 2013 are again facing persecution in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) after UK authorities took the decision to deport them.
It is feared that three out of the 11 deportees have been killed following detention and ill-treatment at the hands of the Congolese authorities.
The case is another which highlights the urgent need for greater safeguards for refugees and asylum seekers to prevent torture from reoccurring, assuring safety and security from their perhaps tormented past.
Many refugees want to return to their home yet many cannot. It is the responsibility of nations providing asylum to rehabilitate torture victims and to safeguard them from ever returning to places where they face, as the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees defines, "a well-founded fear of being persecuted".
Over the past several years, the IRCT has undertaken interventions in support of victims of torture and trauma among refugee and internally displaced populations. For example, the PROTECT-ABLE project has trained doctors, member centres have offered rehabilitation services to torture survivors in refugee camps and assisted local health professionals to conduct psychosocial needs assessments of internally displaced persons across the world.
However, more needs to be done to highlight the special needs of asylum seekers and refugees, so they can have their full case heard and can receive proper protection and rehabilitation from torture.
Perhaps most worryingly is this, and many other heavy-handed approaches to asylum seekers in the UK, shows how flawed the UK asylum system may be.
Written by Ashley Scrace, Communications Officer at the IRCT in Copenhagen
Rehabilitation in Zimbabwe: the community approach
Posted by IRCT in Rehabilitation, Sub-Saharan Africa on 23/01/2013
Eugenia Mpande and I sit down in a quiet corner at the conference centre in Yaoundé where our regional meeting of centres from sub-Saharan Africa is taking place. She's excitedly reflecting on how thrilling it is to meet other anti-torture activists and counsellors of survivors of torture.
"It's just so rare that we get to meet such like-minded people who are so much in line with what you are doing and what you want to achieve," she says. "You feel stronger."
There's a lot of fear in doing this work, she says, reflecting on the recent arrest of fellow Zimbabwean and previous colleagues . But coming together to share experiences both validates and lifts up other human rights defenders across the region.
Eugenia calls herself a human rights activist, and she has worked to rehabilitate survivors of torture since 2002, when political violence plagued the Zimbabwe in the period around the election. During that contested election, an estimated 30 people were killed and almost 1,500 arrested.
Eugenia now is in her third year of work at Tree of Life, a community-based, survivor-led organisation that rehabilitates survivors of torture, trauma and violence through a specific form of group therapy.
It's just one example of how an organisation can approach the mental rehabilitation of survivors of torture.
In Zimbabwe, and in sub-Saharan Africa to a large degree, trauma is not necessarily just individual but collective, Eugenia says. Often violence is committed in public, in the presence of an entire community.
"All are witnesses to the violence, and it becomes a larger community story," she says.
This is particularly true in Zimbabwe, when, in 2008, political violence around the presidential election resulted in the deaths of more than 300 people. But the goal of such violence was to terrorise and intimidate communities and political opponents into voting in a certain direction. Fear within the community destroys the social fabric, Eugenia says, resulting in more crime and violence and precipitating a recurring cycle.
In 2008, "ZANU-PF-led government, at the highest levels, was responsible for widespread and systematic abuses that led to the killing of up to 200 people, the beating and torture of 5,000 more, and the displacement of about 36,000 people."
Thus, the intervention and rehabilitation must also take a community approach.
But before beginning any workshops, Tree of Life first identifies the areas in need of their work. They held workshops through the Harare area, Mashonaland to the north, and Matabeleland to the southwest. Matabeleland was the region where the Gukurahundi massacres took place in the early 1980s arising from a political divide following independence that resulted in violent repression by the Fifth Brigade, a specially trained force created by Mugabe. An estimated 20,000 were killed, many in public executions. Eighty percent of adults reported a torture experience, with 50% reporting psychological problems as a result, according to a 1998 study in the region [DOC].
Within a particular community, they identify key people and leaders to help in building a relationship with the community. Those key leaders also assist in identifying individuals who would benefit from the group therapy.
"It can take a lot of time to build these relationships," Eugenia admits. But this brings a community-driven and grassroots nature to the workshops.
Identified individuals then are interviewed to assess their trauma. Anyone with a history of trauma, torture, or suicidal ideation may join, and between eight and ten are selected for a given workshop.
Tree of Life
As Eugenia begins to explain the process, the name 'Tree of Life' immediately becomes so obviously appropriate for this approach to psychosocial rehabilitation. At one point in our discussion, I bring up the Pando trees in the U.S. – it's a forest of approximately 47,000 trees that all share the same root system. It's technically the largest single organism in the world. Eugenia beams at the mention.
"Community is very powerful within our culture," she says.
The Tree of Life approach uses this metaphor of the tree to bring about storytelling and group therapy over three very intense days. The group all stay within the same venue, eating together and sleeping together in preferably natural, outdoor settings. The tree metaphor leads to a greater understanding of the trauma experiences, a greater appreciation for one's personal strengths and a greater understanding of the importance of community strength and support.
There are eight 'circles' through the course of the three-day workshop, where participants are brought together to identify and share the parts of their lives using this tree metaphor: soil (culture), roots (family), trunk (early life), branches (later development), leaves (current life), fruits (high points), scars (the traumas), and finally the power circle.
Through each circle, facilitators guide the participants through personal story-telling, eventually building trust within the group and leading to the 'scars' circle.
"It's step-by-step building trust and respect within the group," Eugenia says. "Many have not been listened to before, not given a voice. They can go on for a long time, but they are never interrupted."
The process of sharing one's traumas and the torture they experienced can be extremely intense and emotional.The facilitators are highly trained and skilled in handling these emotions. Tree of Life also has a comprehensive programme of support and care for the facilitators to prevent secondary traumatisation.
"In our culture, men can't show emotions, but it happens in our circle."
It's a process of building confidence, empowerment and, most importantly, compassion to break the cycle of violence. Perpetrators are often also recommended and welcomed to join in a group, because, Eugenia says, "They also need healing; some of the perpetrators are also victims of organised violence and torture who have been forced or coerced to commit these acts of violence."
Local human rights groups have reported that those who committed serious crimes during the 2008 elections often continue to live in the same communities in which they committed the crimes, sometimes next door to their victims.
After a three-day workshop, participants are given the chance for more one-on-one counselling if they wish then referred when there is need. Tree of Life works closely with other organisations providing medical treatment and support to survivors of torture. The organisation also follows-up with all participants within three months. Many participants even go on to become facilitators themselves – exponentially continuing the process within communities – following comprehensive training by Tree of Life.
A research study in 2012 concluded that the survivors felt, "that that the process had helped them… and had changed in the way that they felt about their torture." One hundred and fifty nine participants were evaluated both prior to and after the workshop.. The participants reported large effect size decreases in symptomatology, dropping below the examinations threshold for psychological "caseness", meaning they returned to psychological health. Overall, there was a significant improvement in their psychological well-being and community connectedness evidenced in the research.
Eugenia attributes this to the method of story-telling and group therapy within the community setting itself. "An environment can be toxic, but community healing can itself sustain the intervention."
By Tessa, Communications Officer at the IRCT. The NSA project is supported by the European Commission.
Tackling torture in Nigeria
Posted by IRCT in From our members, Prevention, Rehabilitation, Sub-Saharan Africa on 10/01/2013
Although a global problem, torture takes shape in different ways in different contexts. Tackling it is also a local challenge, with human rights defenders asking, how does torture happen here?
PRAWA, or Prisoners Rehabilitation and Welfare Action, is a Nigerian rehabilitation and advocacy organisation and member of the IRCT. They have developed a methodology and series of programmes to prevent torture from happening in the first place, one that is nearly so obvious and simple.
In Nigeria, torture happens in prisons. It happens when people come in contact with police and prison authorities. It happens through the horrific and inhumane conditions of prisons.
There is a vast problem of crime in Nigeria, says Godwin Ugbor, a psychologist at PRAWA based in their Enugu headquarters. This is mostly related to dire poverty and hunger. While the country itself is rich from oil – one of the largest oil producers in the world – this wealth has not been distributed widely. It's the 49th most unequal country, meaning any wealth is only held by a few.
"There is just so much hunger," Godwin says. The result of that poverty and inequality, he explains, is rampant crime.
Furthermore, the high rate of crime in Nigeria means there is increased pressure on police services to function well and arrest perpetrators – but they suffer from the same poverty and lack of proper funding and training as the rest of the country.
"Because they don't have the skills, they resort to torture," he says.
So, one of PRAWA's approaches to preventing torture – keep people out of the judicial system. Although people are sometimes implicated and tortured for crimes they never committed, the best method of prevention is to ensure that the young don't become involved in criminal activity. Additionally, they work with the police and justice system apparatuses to bring about a human rights ethic to their work. And for those in prison, PRAWA provides psychological rehabilitation during their sentences and through the transition to public life. If most torture occurs in prisons and police lock-ups, then PRAWA rehabilitates prisoners.
Godwin has only been a psychologist for a year and a half, but he's jumped into this work quickly, almost 'overwhelmingly', he says. It's never-ending work, with prisoners and other clients calling at all hours.
"Your personal life is lost."
Godwin started working with prisoners during an internship, one of four he had during his studies to become a psychologist.
"The system is so flawed and the conditions in prison so terrible, you develop a great deal of sympathy. It is a large group of people that really need help."
Terrible may be an understatement. "Say they built a prison for 100, maybe 400 people will be living there. It's extremely overcrowded. A cell for five, may have 20 people. There are bad sanitary conditions. Not good personnel working there. And really horrible food."
Godwin says for those living under these conditions – often in long sentences or remaining there for months or years after they should be released due to flawed judicial processes – can develop chronic mental illnesses. Many prisons now have asylum cells for the mentally ill. He gets calls from them sometimes as late as 10pm, desperate for help and someone to talk to.
However, Godwin's work has taken a turn recently to focus more on prevention – ensuring that the youth of Nigeria don't get caught up in crime and risk arrest, becoming entangled with the judicial system and thus tortured.
The Illegal Migration Awareness Project (IMAP) trains youth and peer educators on the issues of illegal migration, a particularly relevant issue in Nigeria, Godwin says.
"Many youth want to leave the country and live without violence," he says. But the impact of illegal migration can bring dire consequences. Many try to migrate across the desert, some dying during the journey. Others steal money, purchasing fake visas and passports and can be caught by officials. Those who make it abroad may have to resort to crime and theft to make ends meet."
The education to peer leaders includes understanding alternatives to violence – training youth on how to handle certain situations without resorting to violence and aggression. Finally, career guidance programmes on vocational training and entrepreneurship assist youth in earning money, building a career, attending university and supporting themselves rather than turning to crime and theft.
"When I was in university, I would make shirts, shirts like this," Godwin says while tugging at the fabric of his blue button-down. "That meant I was able to make enough money to support myself and attend school."
It is methods like PRAWA's that demonstrate the multi-faceted problem of torture – how problems of poverty increase one's vulnerability to torture. And stopping torture means tackling it from all sides.
Live from Yaounde: "We are all links in a chain"
Posted by IRCT in Sharing Knowledge - Project Work, Sub-Saharan Africa on 12/12/2012
Editor's Note: Tessa writes from the IRCT's Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Seminar taking place in Yaounde, Cameroon.
As we've mentioned before, work in nongovernmental organisations (NGO – another acronym we use with ease within this little world) can use a particular language and methods that don't really reflect to the outside world their true meaning and impact. We speak of meetings and projects with an air of great importance, but often struggle to explain why? Why is a meeting, of all things, so important and why do we focus so much on them?
This has been one of the goals of this blog – to shed some light underneath the veil of NGO-ese and the NGO methods to explain clearly, what is the impact of our work.
One the IRCT's projects, Non-State Actors (NSA) is one such project riddled with this problem of communicating why meetings are so important.
I am writing right now from one of these meetings. I'm in Cameroon at the Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Seminar, co-hosted by the IRCT and our member Trauma Centre Cameroon (TCC). This is my first time to attend one of these meetings, and I firstly feel so privileged to be here and meet so many people within the torture rehabilitation movement; but I also feel like I'm only now beginning to understand the impact of these seminars and meetings.
This seminar has brought together 31 representatives – psychologists, counsellors, directors of centres, and social workers – from torture rehabilitation centres from all over sub-Saharan Africa. There are people here from Chad, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and of course, our gracious hosts and ridiculously hard-working staff of TCC, among others.
The title of this five-day seminar is "Learning from each other." Our goal in being here is to do just that – learn from each other's respective experiences in rehabilitating torture survivors, gaining access to justice and preventing torture from happening in the first place.
But our first task was simply to make sure we were all OK. Working for a world without torture in sub-Saharan Africa can be a phenomenally difficult task, as one can imagine from the media. Torture here is undeniably prevalent, whether during military uprisings, former dictatorships, ongoing torture from police officers, or in post-conflict settings. And working for the rehabilitation of torture survivors can be both personally taxing for the individual and intimidating, as we have seen from the threats to human rights defenders around the world.
So, in bringing these 31 individuals together, we tried to address these issues. Presenters from various centres explained their strategies for safety as human rights defenders. Fidelis Mudimu, from Counselling Services Unit (CSU) in Zimbabwe, was among three staff members arbitrarily arrested and detained. He spoke about strategies to assess risks. For example, the greater impact of a centre's work – bringing forth more perpetrators to account for their crimes, documenting that torture has taken place, empowering victims through rehabilitation – can of course increase the risks that human rights defenders face because they challenge the impunity of perpetrators. Knowing the impact of one's work can keep that defender aware of when they might provoke a threat.
Taiga Wanyanja, coordinator of Mateso – Mwatikho Torture Survivors Organization in Kenya, spoke about ways in which human rights defenders can mitigate against risks. Keep abreast of not only the context in which one is working, but how it changes. Is there political unrest or upcoming elections, such as the situation in Kenya in 2008 that resulted in many incidents of torture? Make sure the office itself is safe – in a well-lit area and not isolated and easily attacked.
But human rights defenders need to be mentally safe in addition to physically safe. When working in the fight against torture, it is both understandable and a considerable risk that human rights defenders may become traumatised, burned-out or facing other mental health challenges because of the nature of their work. Secondary trauma – trauma that comes from hearing and witnessing the stories of torture and violence all day, everyday – is a problem among those in human rights work, perhaps particularly in anti-torture organisations.
So, back to meetings. What is the purposing of bringing forth all these people from all over the continent to learn these things? Because, as Fidelis said, "We are a chain. And we are only as strong as our weakest link." It is critically important for the safety – both physical and mental safety – that everyone learns from each other. This is learning from both successes and failures, knowing what works and what doesn't, in fighting torture within each country, context and community.
Tessa is Communications Officer at the IRCT. The regional meeting, part of the NSA project, was funded by the European Commission.
Smiling again after fifteen years of torture
Posted by IRCT in Rehabilitation, Sub-Saharan Africa, Voices, Women/Girls/Gender on 10/12/2012
The story of Charline is one of nineteen stories collected by Grace Kagoyire and Annemiek Richters. The collection will be published in 2013 in a book under the title "Stories about death and rebirth: Life experiences of Rwandan female genocide survivors"; first in Kinyarwanda for distribution within Rwanda and subsequently in English. The English version will be supplemented by short chapters with analysis of the various themes that feature in the stories. A prepublication of a second story can be found on www.annemiekrichters.nl/rwanda. This website gives more information about the program of sociotherapy that hosted the story project.
Through the 16 Days, we have often commented on the unceasing work of activists, women's human rights defenders, and community leaders in terms of their bravery and leadership. But what we also would like to emphasize is that these are not the only roles in which women exhibit bravery. The act of coming forward, testifying, providing these stories that we have shared through the last two weeks, and healing – coming forth for rehabilitation and reconnection with others can in fact be the bravest act for women, who often must fight deep personal and social shame as victims of violence, particularly sexual violence.
With that in mind, we would like to share the story of Charline, who was a victim of violence and sexual torture during the genocide in Rwanda. After years of ongoing gender violence and suffering, Charline joined a sociotherapy group, where she felt a change come over her whole self. Read her story of bravery, perseverance and the radical act of healing.
For fifteen years I was tortured by the man who raped me during the genocide, and then forced me to be his wife and continued to violate me. It felt like prison. After I separated from him, my wits came back to me. Before, I was always depressed, living in fear and grief. I always had headaches and nightmares. Now I have peace in my heart.
I am Charline. I was born in 1976 in the Nyarugunga sector in Kicukiro District. My parents were farmers. I lived with them up to April 1994. We were neither rich nor poor. I was born in a family of nine children, four boys and five girls. Five siblings and both my parents died during the genocide. Four of us escaped. I did not get a chance to marry a man I loved, because I was taken by force in 1994 by a neighbour who raped and married me. I live with the three children I conceived with this man.
The genocide mayhem spread everywhere. When it began, my whole family left our house in order to look for a place to hide. My sister-in-law and I went to hide at the home of our Hutu neighbour, who was a member of a Pentecostal church and was known as a reborn Christian. We spent two nights there.
On the third day, we went to a nearby primary school, thinking that it would be a safe place. We spent two days there while the war violence increased. Men who were with us advised us to look for another place to hide because things were getting worse. Since we had nowhere else to go, we took refuge in a nearby swamp where, after four days, a club of Interahamwe (1) found us hiding there.
One of those Interahamwe took me to his parents' house. He lied to me, saying that he was going to hide me. I spent the night in that house and started to trust him. After two days, however, he began to rape me. He told me that the genocide would continue and that I should become his wife. I refused sexual intercourse with him. I continued begging him to leave me alone, wanting to go back to the swamp. He terrorised me and told me that if I would go back, he would kill me. I was afraid. The situation outside was bad. I stayed with him because I had no choice.
It was very hard to be raped and survive. No one supported me during the genocide. A man who should have helped me violated me instead.
During the fifteen years that I lived with this rapist, he terrorised me. I could not speak with him about the way my family was killed or about the death of my siblings. At each period of commemoration, I went to bed and cried until the end of the period. What was most painful is that when he found me crying he liked to tell me, "It is of no importance that Tutsis were killed." Throughout my whole life with him I was always afraid. I never felt happiness. Since the day he took me from the swamp, I expected him to kill me. During the memorial period (2) he insulted me, as if I had no right to cry.
It was not only him who discriminated me. Everyone stigmatized me. Survivors could not talk to me. One survivor told me uwawe akuvira utamwikoreye (a dear one bleeds on you even when you are not carrying him/her). This means that my suffering was visible through the sadness on my face and it also was saddening those who observed me. Hutus used to tell my perpetrator that it was his own fault that he lived in poverty, because he married a Tutsi woman who was not able to cultivate.
Even though my sister told me to leave the rapist, I did not do it because I did not want to become a burden to anyone. On the other side, the family of this man also disliked me. As people stigmatised me, I was afraid of attending the survivors meetings because I also stigmatised myself. I felt as though I was in jail.
In 2009, this man started to behave even worse to me because I refused to sell a plot of land that had belonged to my parents. After this he said that because we were very poor, he was going to marry a rich woman. The situation was aggravated by the death of one of our four children. In 2010 the child fell sick and was hospitalised. The man refused to pay the hospital fees. During the week I spent in the hospital, he did not come to visit me. After the death of my child, it was my sister who paid the hospital. Coming home, when it was time to bury the dead body of my son, his father did not want him to be buried in what he considered to be 'his' plot of land, while in reality I owned half of it. He wanted to sell the whole plot in order to marry a rich woman. He told me that if I would bury the child in his land, he would kill me just like another man from our neighbourhood who had killed his wife. After I refused to bury the child in the ruins of my parents' house, I separated from this man. My sister started to rent a house for me.
Throughout this whole period, I suffered from psychological problems. I was living in isolation, always crying. I would say that I was like a brainless person (3). A time came where I felt hate towards myself and towards everything else. I stopped going to church. I was depressed, living in fear and grief. I had always headaches and nightmares. I experienced ihahamuka (4), especially during the commemoration period. My life during this period was just crying. I was always falling ill in April. I could spend three whole days in tears. I was always quiet. I only went to commemorate once, in 2006, when we buried the remains of my brother who I loved so much, and who died at the last minute of the genocide.
Even though I was suffering, I did not go to the hospital. I was always at home. I regained my wits after my separation from that man and after I started to join other women and collaborate with them. I was no longer in that man's prison. The separation somehow reduced the sadness and other problems I had. I had my rights back, the ones I had been deprived of for 15 years. Before, I was not even allowed to benefit from survivor supports. I was told that I was not a survivor. Now separated, I am supported like other vulnerable survivors. Today I have mutual health insurance from FARG (5), and I am on the list for direct support. I did not benefit from any counselling because I was not informed about which organisations provided counselling.
Through the grace of God, one woman who was my neighbour came to me. This woman, who later became a friend of mine, had completed fifteen weeks of sociotherapy (6). Because she had stayed near me while I was going through difficult times, I became open to her. She would advise me when I had problems. She became like my mother. I told her everything because she listened to me. After speaking about all my sorrows my heart was released. The deep thoughts I had about my life reduced. Before I spoke to her, I was always thinking about the rape I experienced and living in loneliness.
In 2011, I was invited by another female neighbour to join sociotherapy. Even though I accepted her invitation I could not see any interest in going to the meeting place every week. During the first four weeks I was wondering why I would go there all the way just for crying. Once, one of our facilitators explained to us the importance of crying. I learned that when you cry, you feel your heart being released. After understanding the significance of crying, I continued to participate. After four weeks I started to like sociotherapy. Another thing that motivated me was the game we played all together. That game showed us how a person can live in isolation, and how she can get out of it. After this game, which helped me so much, I decided not to miss any sociotherapy session. When my neighbour first invited me, I had expected to be supported through income generating activities. But I was not disappointed after realizing that my expectations were different from the aim of sociotherapy. I realised that the discussions we had within the group were important to me.
Before joining sociotherapy, I was always thinking about myself. I was always angry, and I was full of grudges. I also felt that I wanted to live alone. Surprisingly, while I was following sociotherapy, I felt changes in my whole body. The anger, thinking deeply about myself, all these symptoms disappeared. The loneliness has gone. I am no longer crying whenever as I was doing before. Another problem which has gone is the hate towards Hutus. During the fifteen years that I lived with the rapist, I had built a kind of hatred in my heart because of his wickedness towards me. The discussions we had in sociotherapy changed me. They taught me to live peacefully with others. I learned that if people sinned against me, I have to forgive them. This lesson brought peace in my heart. Being angry and bearing this hatred were gradually killing me while they, the sinners, were sleeping. I felt that I have to forgive my enemy, because forgiving brings peace in a broken heart. Since I graduated from sociotherapy, I committed myself to do whatever I can in order to live peacefully with others in the future. And then, I have a dream of having a house. After getting a house, I will work, and then develop myself further.
Although I am appreciative of sociotherapy, I do not know whether my family's slaughterers are still alive. They were in prison; but they were released after they confessed. They confessed in prison, and later also in Gacaca (7). That is how we learnt about the death of our mother. They told that they killed my mother when she went to fetch drinking water and then threw stones at her until she died. After they confessed, I did not see them again. I did not testify against the rapist, afraid of being called a mad woman by the public. Because although my heart was full of grief and tears, neighbours knew that I was his wife. Gacaca is almost over by now. Those who looted our properties and those who destroyed our house paid our brother back. But the rapist is still walking around freely. What could I do?
Before I finish my story of change, I would advise other women who have been taken by force by a rapist to leave him if they experienced problems similar to mine. I liked that sociotherapy brought me together with other women and that it allowed me to trust myself and others again. Before I joined, I was like a small animal. When someone tried to do anything bad to me, I was reproducing this bad thing twice in return. I have changed, now, and I love other people. I had forgotten to smile like others, but, I am now a changed person and I am looking towards the future.
1. A Hutu paramilitary organisation
2. Each year in April the genocide is remembered nationwide through a range of events
3. Charline is refering to brainlessness due to a congenital disorder
4. A Kinyarwanda concept for a local form of somatic panic attacks
5. National fund for the assistance of genocide survivors
6. See for information about sociotherapy in Rwanda: http://www.annemiekrichters.nl/rwanda
7. Gacaca refers to community courts that have been the centerpiece of Rwanda's justice and reconciliation programme
Beyond survivors: A writer's story
Posted by IRCT in Sub-Saharan Africa, Voices, Women/Girls/Gender on 03/12/2012
Philo Ikonya is a poet, author and journalist from Kenya
"I was a candidate in the [2008] elections for parliament. I ran because change has to come. I am also a human rights activist. I have appeared many times on TV debate shows, so I am quite well-known to the public. A top priority for me as an MP would be to provide opportunities for the youth. Lots of youths in Kenya are disenfranchised, poor and without hope after finishing their education.
Second, I would focus on improving our health system. Because the big violence here in Kenya is poverty.
My third priority would be women. We form 52% of this country's population. But even trying to get into a position of leadership here is very difficult.
The arrest
In February 2009 I was in a small demonstration outside our parliament building. We were protesting that the government wasn't doing anything about the food shortage. At some point a female policeman comes up to me and says: "You know I can arrest you?". I said: "I know you can, but what have I done wrong? I am here to complain about the price of maize, and why can't I?"
Anyway, I went to the other side of the street. Now there was only me and a young man. Suddenly the cops arrived in a small car. They got out, grabbed us and said: "Keep quiet!". One of them was a senior policeman. He said: "Look, you keep quiet, I know you."
I replied "I'm just talking to people. I mean, why should…" Then he hit the young man who was with me and threw him to the ground. My first thought was "I gotta run away". Then "but if I run away he will finish this guy – he is not a public figure like me"
He beat him with his fists and with a stick. Then he came over to me and pushed me towards the car. I fell; he pulled my arm and ripped my clothes. Cameras arrived; before long there were lots of cameras. Still, the damned fellow put his arm inside my dress and pinched my breasts.
We were both thrown into the car. I was in the backseat with my companion and another policeman. The senior guy was in the front seat. He said: "Now there are no cameras here." Then he started hitting us. On the throat, on the chin, he really punched us both. We were screaming "Stop it! Why are you doing this?? Stop it!" I thought: "My God, he is going to kill us". He was telling the policeman next to me to beat us, but he was paralysed with fear – he didn't touch us.
"…until you are silent…"
The window was down, so I started yelling "They are going to kill us – help! help!". He hit me again – he kept beating us all the way to the police station. He said "I will beat you until you can't speak anymore, until you are silent and you are under…"
"This can't be happening to me", I thought. I told him: "I've never ever been hit by a man – stop it!" But he hit me again and I yelled: "Are you going to stop when you break my jaw? What do you want? What have we done?" …But he kept on hitting us, repeating "Now the cameras are not here…" I thought he was going to finish us between here and the cells – because that's what he was really saying.
When we got to the police station my lip was swollen and my clothes were torn. He pulled out the young man and slapped him and dragged him upstairs. I was left there. Then some of his colleagues put me in a cell.
There are horrible things going on in the cells. Every few minutes they were throwing in someone else. The few women that came in were speechless because of previous torture or harassment. One was pregnant. She couldn't talk because women police officers had tortured her upstairs – they had threatened to put pepper in her private parts, even when she told them she was pregnant. And they beat her badly.
In the evening, they took us to another police station. They drove very fast. Three minutes down the road the cop behind me said: "You are going to die and you are going to go to hell."
"I realised from the way they spoke that it was something they did every day to other people."
I thought "no, they cannot do it". And then "yes, they can do it – these things are happening in Kenya." I realised from the way they spoke that it was something they did every day to other people. They spoke about death all the time. And they kept getting calls on their radios, always answering: "Yeah, we are very near the forest. We are taking them to the forest" and "When we get there, they will never talk again." So I thought they were taking us somewhere else to see how much more information we had. And I thought: "What do you say when they are beating you for information but you don't have the information they are after?"
When we got to the second police station I had no idea where we were. The station was totally deserted. I was locked up again, not knowing what was happening.
Going home
I was released sometime during the night. I found out later that IMLU had paid the bond. I don't know how they got to know about my case. My friend Ann drove me home. I went to bed – I was in a daze, my head was zooming. My son Yusuf – he's 13 – was sleeping. In the morning he came to my bed and was quiet. Ann had told him about my arrest. I had very dark bruises, which he saw. He was shocked. He said: "Why does it have to be you?". In the following weeks he was very angry, traumatised.
He feels so helpless – angry at me that I put myself at risk. I tell him: "Look, I do it for you." I try to tell him it's not like he comes second and the country comes first. But he is very sharp – he tells me: "What really matters to you is the rest of the world, huh? And your country, not me. Where do you think I am in all this?" It is a very difficult balance.
Some time ago a friend said to me: "How can you keep on? You have a child!" Many people think like this. And it can be very painful, especially when your child is also protesting your engagement. But I tell them: "I'm in it because I have a child and my child will have children! If no one fights it, it may be my son who is picked up next time". If all those who are afraid for their children's safety actually did something, that would take us a long way.
I had been summoned to court at 8 am the morning after my arrest. At 3.30 the night before, I woke up and wrote the whole experience down. It was like my head was gonna burst. So many things happened so suddenly.
During the court hearings I had these very strong convulsions. All of a sudden it was as if my body needed to get rid of that had happened in the past two days. I felt like I was gonna throw up, I was gasping for air for a long time until I was able to compose myself.
After going to court I spent the whole day in the cells even though the bond had been paid. That's because of the slow procedure, which gives many an opportunity to bribe their way out, just to get the bond papers signed. If you do not bribe, it takes much longer – even longer than it took me.
Weeks and months later
Then I was transferred to a hospital. They said I needed trauma counselling and had soft-tissue injuries. I was there for one and a half day. It was nowhere near enough. I was very affected, very traumatised. Later they would pick up the fact that my hand needed six months to heal.. much later… First I didn't realise it, because I am very strong. But in the weeks and months after I was often teary. I didn't like to see the colour blue because the police dress in blue. I still remember it and sometimes cry. I feel, you know, 'why on earth…?
"I didn't like to see the colour blue because the police dress in blue."
When I woke up in the morning at the hospital I cried and cried and cried. All the time I thought there were policemen under the bed. I told them: "Look, I feel there is somebody under the bed, somebody dressed in blue, policemen." And I felt so stupid afterwards. I am this person who goes on TV talking about human rights, a very strong woman, and there I am, sobbing away, claiming there are policemen under the bed!
How else has it affected me? It has made it more difficult for me to cope with all sorts of problems. And I have started becoming more cautious about what I can say. I HATE the feeling that I've begun to censor myself to some extent. I'm still outspoken. But I'm more cautious.
The first three nights I was out of Nairobi after my arrest I dreamt three consecutive nights of police arresting me. First, it was just the arrest. The third night it was many of us, activists, being arrested and put in one set of handcuffs. It was nightmarish. I woke up frozen, like: "My God, we've been arrested again, they are coming again in their blue uniforms."
"A substantial part of you has gone."
The thing about torture – and poverty – is that it steals a place in your mind that is meant for your development, your growth, your enjoyment. All that space is taken. It's like you are imprisoning that space. If you are a writer, it's your imagination. First you don't realise it. But after some time you begin to realise it does matter. A substantial part of you has gone. There's this gap in your creativity. You are struggling to find that space. Even just to sit down to read a book peacefully. You are reading, and then after 15 minutes you are thinking about that chap who was arrested – are they torturing him? Then your own arrest comes to play. After some time you have no space…
The future
Where would I like to be in 10 years' time? Well, I really want recognition for my writing. I would love to look back at a series of writings that made sense to people; that tried to bring reason at a very dark time. Things that continue speaking to people in the world.
In a completely different political system I would like to have a strong political position. In this system I don't even want to hear about the elections in 2012. I don't believe in this representation by 222 people who hold the country at ransom. I would like to see myself as a powerful person within a different system – a powerful position, which would still allow me to exude moral courage.
And then, it is a dream to see a torture-free society. I can't live without freedom. Giving up freedom is like giving up being. It is everything. That's what I would like. So that my son can look back at my life and say: "It made sense!"
Kenya, June 2009
Philo Ikonya is a poet, author and journalist from Kenya. She blogs at philoikonya.blogspot.com


text:
Offering Financial Assistance Home Care is not a recommended home based business; however, starting an agency does not mean you have to spend a lot of money if you spend your time, attention, and income wisely.
Special Incentives VetFran Participant
VetFran Incentive Age Advantage Home Care offers qualified veterans 10% off of the initial franchisee fee. Franchise fee ranges from 20,000 to 60,000 depending on territory size.
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subset: commoncrawl


text: | Dáil Éireann - Volume 387 - 14 February, 1989 Written Answers. - Issue of Carrier's Certificate. Mr. O'Dea Mr. O'Dea 42. Mr. O'Dea asked the Minister for Tourism and Transport when a road freight carrier's certificate will issue to a person (details supplied) in County Limerick. Minister for Tourism and Transport (Mr. Wilson) John P. Wilson Minister for Tourism and Transport (Mr. Wilson): Final consideration of the application for a carrier's licence from the person named is dependent on the completion of a number of minor formalities, details of which have been communicated to the person named. Dáil Éireann 387 Written Answers. Issue of Carrier's Certificate. Questions 19890214 | ||||||||||||||||||||||


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The software industry and the business models that define it are constantly innovating and rapidly evolving. To thrive in an industry ripe with opportunity and full of unique challenges, you need to be dynamic. Businesses and consumers are embracing new software and technologies at a skyrocketing pace. In the process, the industry is reshaping many aspects of daily life including entertainment, education, communication and business. At the same time, financial reporting rules and tax regulations are becoming increasingly complicated.
The continuous cycle of product development and evolving business practices create financial and operational challenges for software companies. From analyzing the impact of new revenue rules on your sales strategies, exploring R&D tax credits, or mitigating the impact of sales and use taxes, to preparing for exit through IPO, transaction advisory, or merger and acquisition due diligence, BDO can help you address the diverse business issues affecting the industry. With deep industry knowledge and experienced, service-driven professionals, our Software practice provides responsive and proactive advice to enterprise, mobile, hosted and web-based solution providers of all sizes and at every stage of development.


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The Hall Income Tax imposes a levy on income derived from stocks and bonds. Numerous studies show the tax has its most negative impact on seniors and entrepreneurs, as both groups rely more heavily on this type of income than others. In addition, critics argue the "secret" income tax drives new capital investments away from Tennessee and sends the wrong message to older folks looking to retire to Tennessee from another state.
The legislation supported by House lawmakers will phase out the state portion of the Hall tax over a period of six years. The measure also includes provisions to ensure the phaseout is done in a fiscally responsible manner.
The legislation will be heard by the House and Senate in the coming weeks.
Amelia's Law
overwhelmingly passes
House of Representatives
Legislation supported by House lawmakers calling for stricter rules for repeat drug and alcohol offenders was overwhelmingly approved last week in the Tennessee House of Representatives.
As passed, House Bill 1759 — also known as "Amelia's Law" — allows judges to require criminal offenders to wear a "transdermal monitoring device" if alcohol or drugs were contributing factors in their crime. It is a device that can track alcohol or drug levels through a person's skin.
The legislation is named after Amelia Keown, who died in a head-on collision on U.S. Highway 411 near Maryville in 2012, while on her way home to pick up pompoms for dance practice. She was 16 years old.
Records show the man who hit Amelia was out on parole and had a criminal record dating back to 1998. His sheet included aggravated robbery, multiple drugs offenses, fleeing and evading police, along with other charges. In addition, a Tennessee Bureau of Investigation toxicology report showed the offender had methamphetamine and oxycodone in his system at the time of the accident.
The House unanimously passed the proposal, 92-0.
'Stop ObamaCare Act'
headed to governor's
desk for signature
The "Stop ObamaCare Act" has officially passed the full House of Representatives and is headed to Gov. Bill Haslam to be signed into law.
As passed, the bill prohibits Medicaid expansion as mandated by ObamaCare unless first authorized by the Tennessee General Assembly. The United States Supreme Court ruled the mandatory expansion of Medicaid in the states as unconstitutional last year.
In addition to the current debate over Medicaid expansion, the bill also provides that any future expansion proposal must go through the regular legislative process and cannot be placed into the state budget, protecting taxpayer dollars even further.
Projections show expansion of Medicaid in Tennessee would cost taxpayers an extra $250 million a year, an amount of money the state simply does not have.
Bill to aid charitable
organizations slated
for full House hearing
Legislation aimed at reducing the fees owed by charitable organizations in the state moved out of the House Calendar and Rules Committee last Thursday and is scheduled to be heard by the full House later this week.
As drafted, the bill would cut fees owed by nonprofit and other charitable organizations across the board by 20 percent. For a charity raising between $30,000 and $48,999.99 per year, the new annual fee would be only $80. At the top end of the scale, a charity raising $500,000 or more would pay $240 per year.
The bill also reduces the annual registration fees for professional solicitors from $800 to $250 and for fundraising counsels from $250 to $100. The changes would affect about 8,100 organizations and individuals who must currently register with the state.
(Editor's Note: This legislative summary has been submitted jointly by state Rep. Kevin Brooks, R-Cleveland who represents the 24th Legislative District, and state Rep. Eric Watson, R-Cleveland who represents the 22nd Legislative District.)


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Calcbot — The Intelligent Calculator
Calcbot is a simple and beautifully designed calculator for your iPhone, iPod touch and iPad.
Never lose your place in a calculation again with the live as-you-type expression view. Simply swipe the keypad to the left to reveal advanced functions. See your past calculations in the history tape. You can even send old values and expressions back to your calculator or to a friend via email.
You'll never open the built-in Calculator app again.
Universal! Designed for the iPhone + iPad
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* Live as-you-type expression history so you never forget what you entered last
* Calculation history tape that also shows the expression used
* Email your history as text or send values and expressions back the calculator
* Retina display support
* Fast app switching
What's new
- Fixed iPad text display issues in iOS7
- Fixed iPad launch rotation bug
Share with Others
- Last changed:
- Sep 20, 2013
- Category:
- Utilities
- Developer:
- Tapbots
- Version:
- 1.1.4
- Size:
- Current Version Average Rating:
- 2.00 (100)
- All Versions Average Rating:
- 3.50 (1022)
- Other Apps By This Developer
• Calcbot - The Intelligent Calculator and Unit Converter
• Convertbot — The Amazing Unit Converter
• Pastebot — Command Copy & Paste
• Tweetbot 3 for Twitter. An elegant client for iPhone and iPod touch
• Tweetbot for Twitter
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• Weightbot — Track your Weight in Style


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Joseph Secoy Burns, 33, of Sylacauga was arrested April 24 and charged with possession of drug paraphernalia and two separate burglaries. Investigators are also implicating Burns for two counts of breaking and entering a motor vehicle that occurred at two businesses on the north end of town.
In addition, a juvenile was arrested based on an image obtained from surveillance at a local convenience store. The juvenile was charged with one count of burglary, was implicated in five others, and is associated with two arsons and five criminal mischief reports throughout the city, the press release stated.
Police Chief Chris Carden said the department has worked diligently to address the recent rash of residential and business burglaries, and these arrests were achieved through a commitment from police staff and community assistance.
"Both (patrol and investigations) divisions, along with the help of some administrative personnel, made all of this come together," he said. "In addition, due to the citizens' information we were able to locate the adult suspect quickly and likely prevent another burglary. This is a perfect example of how we absolutely must have the community's help. Burglary isn't a police problem; it's a community problem that we all have to take ownership in."
Contact Emily Adams at email@example.com.


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The gardens' imaginative hard and soft landscaping provide a wide range of settings, both shady and sunny, for a mass of meticulously placed plants, both old favourites and exotic species, all helped by the proximity of the Gulf Stream.
Running through the lower part of the garden is the burn which feeds the pond. There are changes in levels, but most of the garden is accessible to wheelchairs.
Claymoddie is open between March and September on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays from 2pm to 5pm, or by arrangement on request.


text:
Descartes wrote:Here is a quote from Mr.Hymas (no disrespect intended) about POW.PR.A that has been redeemable at par since June 2008 and has been above par for a while:
there's a very good chance (YTW!) the issue will be called in the near future.
This entry is from 2006.
I've had a look at the chart of POW.PR.A for the past 5 years. It bottomed more than 3 years ago below $14 and only recently went above $25, last price $25.33. IMO, it is unfair to say "it's been above par for a while" and Mr. Hymas' call from 5 years ago was wrong. BTW, the CM issue in question was quoted at $26, a level never touched, never mind traded above, in all those 5 years for the POW issue. (Note that $26 is 3 times more over par than $25.33)
Bottom line, it's a probabilities game.


text:
OpenStack Ceilometer and the Gnocchi experiment
A little more than 2 years ago, the Ceilometer project was launched inside the OpenStack ecosystem. Its main objective was to measure OpenStack cloud platforms in order to provide data and mechanisms for functionalities such as billing, alarming or capacity planning. In this article, I would like to relate what I've been doing with other Ceilometer developers in the last… Read more →


text:
Welcome to MOREnet's Online Resources Home!
On this website, you will find all the information you need about the research and educational resources available to MOREnet Members.
This search will work when using a computer from a school or library that is a MOREnet Member. Please contact your public library or school library about accessing these resources from your home through the school or library website.
Please use the new LearningExpress Library 3.0 and Job & Career Accelerator 2.0 links for Online Practice Tests and Job Resources available below. Existing users must create new accounts to use the new interfaces resources. LearningExpress Library 2.0 and Job & Career Accelerator 1.0 ARE NO LONGER available as of June 30, 2014.
Early ElementaryElementary |
Middle & High schoolStudent Resource Center |
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Book Collection: Nonfiction - High School Edition »
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Business Insights: Essentials »
Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia
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text:
Processing Time - Orders typically ship in 2-5 business days. Transit via UPS Ground can take up to 6 business days. Braided and custom-made products may take 2 to 3 weeks for delivery.
Free Shipping to Contiguous United States - We do not ship to Alaska, Hawaii or the Caribbean Islands at this time.
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Milliken Don Sawyer Coastal Be Nice Or Leave Multi Rug
Item #: 2795360886003-P Add to Wishlist
Description: A great way to brighten up any home whether your close to the beach or not. The best of Don's work is shown in these lively rugs, and that is why it is hard to pick a favorite. This collection features fanciful animals and colorful sailboats, all made with 100% Stainmaster® Nylon and equipped with a Fashion Bac woven backing.
This item is made to order and usually ships in approximately
2 -3 weeks.
- Collection: Don Sawyer Coastal
- Brand: Milliken
- Material: 100% Nylon
- Weave: Machine Made
- Styles: Kids Rugs
- Origin: USA
- Available in the following sizes: 5' 4" x 7' 8"
Love it! Will be using it as a wall hanging at my beach condo.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.A very fun and playful rug that gets lots of comments and smiles. Colors are very vibrant and construction is decent. It's not a 'high-end' rug, but I don't think it's really meant to be. For smoother floors you'll need a non-slip padding for it. Would buy again!
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.Fun, Fun Fun - great rug. Thick, vibrant colors and we always get compliments when guest enter the family room of our house on the water. It makes kids and adults smile.
Excellent service; beautiful rug; colors are as pictured; wonderful addition to my "cat room."
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.Fun rug - purchased for family/recreation room. Very well made, thick, and looks great.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.Thank you for service well delivered; fast, easy, product well packaged for shipping; arrival in great condition! Rug is very top quality and perfect for a beach cottage. And... it was on sale too with Free shipping. Okay, better stop now before this sounds like an ad;-) Thanks again. A Goodrich off the Tx coast
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.It is even more beautiful than we imagined....Quality and Colors and design Just the best!!!!!
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.we like the rug very much. it was just as the image on your website. thank you, michael
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.
Whether the environment you want to create is exotic or romantic and peaceful, Milliken has a rug that will pull the colors and the feel of your room together while adding the perfect touch. Milliken protects all its rugs by an exclusive five year warranty against abrasive wear.
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West Dallas at a Glance
In the early 1900s, West Dallas was big business for fledgling cement companies. During the 1910 Mexican Revolution, West Dallas was flooded with immigrants from Mexico, who were looking to escape the turmoil and find a better life. With cement being the predominant local industry, little segregated villages popped up around the cement factories, wherein a majority of the residents worked, leading to the adoption of the name Cement or Cement City. While historically speaking, West Dallas was a magnet for industry; its economy today is a bit more diverse. With many commercial and industrial buildings, office parks and small business-friendly areas, West Dallas has plenty of options for both new companies and existing companies looking to relocate. In the early 2000s some of the area's most prominent employers were GAF Materials Corporation, Commerce Grinding and Blanks Printing & Imaging. West Dallas also includes major industrial distribution centers like Lone Star Park and Turnpike Distribution Center, which sit on land once occupied by those cement companies and refineries. These distribution centers rely heavily on quick and easy access to I-30. Other major employers include nonprofit organizations like Goodwill Dallas, Los Barrios Unidos Community Clinic and Habitat For Humanity, as well as public agencies like the City of Dallas, Dallas Housing Authority, etc. – all of which provided jobs for many Dallas area residents. West Dallas also has a booming small business presence, thanks to its ethnically and economically diverse population. Its close proximity to Downtown Dallas, as well as the Medical District and residential areas like Oak Cliff make West Dallas very appealing for businesses and commuters alike. The modest residential areas of West Dallas are located nearby to major transportation hubs and corridors, including the 20-mile Trinity River Corridor Project.
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Mail Order
If you do not have a credit card or are not comfortable using it on the web we are happy to fill mail orders. Just write down the title of the CD(s) you want and send a check, money order, or well concealed cash along with your address to:
HUSH Records, Po Box 12713, Portland, Or. 97212
Please add 10% of your total or $4 (whichever is greater) for shipping. If you know your ) order (big, like two Ts and 4CDs) won't fit in a flat-rate USPS Priority envelope, add another $2. You know, just be aware is all.
Shipping Methods
Rest assured that your order is recieved and usually shipped within 2-3 business days via USPS by our very own Corrina Repp. Not only is she a great musician and caring mail order mistress, she's "a damn fox" according to the Omaha Pulp. Hot music from a certified hottie.
T's and single CD orders are sent 1st class.
Large Orders are usually sent Priority Mail.
Overseas orders are always sent Global Priority or Air Mail. Shipping Times may vary from 2 days up to 2 weeks (in rare circumstances.) If you haven't recieved your order within two weeks let us know!
If you have questions or concerns about you order please don't hesitate to contact us. We want you to be happy!
Paypal US Shipping Charges
We've been trying to get this dialed in so the paypal automated shipping charge is more or less accurate. It is calculated by the subtotal of your order. Here is the current breakdown:
Domestic Standard (USPS First Class 2 - 7 days ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Canada & Mexico (USPS Air 2 - 7 days ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Standard International (Air Mail 1- 2 weeks) | ||||||||||||||||||


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I am going to use Turbotax for the first time this year. Does it matter if I buy the software in a store, or just do it online? Is there an advantage to one or the other? BTW, I use a Mac; does that matter also? Thanks. |
Follow-Up Postings:
I have used TurboTax online for 4 years. Previously I used the software. I am not computer adept and never could sucessfully transfer data from one year's form to another using the software. It is simple with TT online - they keep your old tax forms and you can review them if necessary- though you always have your hard copy. All pertinent information from the past year transfers easily to the current year's form. All you need is internet access with a Mac or a PC. Pam |
Here is a link that might be useful: TurboTax Online
- Posted by parrot_phan (My Page) on Fri, Mar 16, 07 at 16:51
Buying the software on a CD is cheaper than downloading it online, I believe. The program is also available on a memory stick, but I think that form costs more than the CD. I'm using TaxCut for the second year. When the program loads off a CD or memory stick, it checks your computer for previous years' versions of TaxCut. It then automatically imports numbers from those years into the newest one, and gives comparisons when you're done. The TaxCut CD I have works on both PC and Mac platforms. I imagine the same is true with TurboTax CDs -- check the box. |
I finished my taxes about 2 weeks ago, using Turbo Tax online for the 3rd year in a row. I couldn't be more pleased, and I agree with Pam about transferring last years info. Not sure if there's any advantage to buying the software...besides not having to go anywhere to buy it ! Also, I was halfway through with my return when I found out that I could get a discount on the fee if I signed on to Turbo Tax through my bank's website. So I signed out of the direct link to Turbo Tax, signed back in through my bank's website, & finished my return. Fee went from $35.00 to $22.00. |
I've used Turbo Tax since the 1995. Always bought the program locally on disc or downloaded it off the net. Never did my taxes online. Not really comfortable having all my financial info stored away in a remote location. Transferring from year to year has never been an issue. Leave it on the computer in your hard drive. The program finds it. I just tell them to fetch! Ron |
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Canon PowerShot ELPH 310 HS
"Slim Design Protective Neoprene Glove.
Case was not only design to protect but was also design to travel with you anywhere with a nice professional and stylish look. Case was design for your device to fit perfectly. Build with Neoprene material to help keep your device from any dust, bumps and liquid spills (although this case is not ""Water-Proof"", the material is ""Water-Resistant and its good to prevent any water spills damage. Comes in handy for when its raining and any minor spills accidents). The case is washable and since its build with durable nylon material it will last a long time and always protect against dirt. The case was also build with a side pocket for your small accessories such as memory card, cleaning cloth or even a spare batteries. Both main compartment and accessory compartment are feature with a durable and smooth zipper, the zipper was build to last and hassle free from getting stuck half ways when opening, causing you to miss that special photo moment. This slim stylish good looking case also comes with a detachable hand strap, this hand strap can be use to carry your camera as closes possible with you when you are on the go, keeps you ready for the moment. Over all this case does gets the job done how it suppose to. Case was build Protective, Convenient and Affordable."
Features Red – Black Trim Slim Protective Soft Neoprene Cover Carrying Case Sleeve with Extra Pocket for Canon Power-Shot A490 A495 A800 A1200 A2200 A3000 IS A3100 IS A3300 IS D10 ELPH 100 HS ELPH 300 HS ELPH 310 HS Powershot Point and Shoot Digital Camera + Includes Grey 6 Inch Mini Flexi Tripod + Includes a anti glare screen protector, will protect from any small scratches and dirt
- Front Accessory Pocket for Memory Cards, Batteries, Cables, Cleaning Cloths, and many other accessories!
- Weather-Resistant Outer Nylon material provides Superior Protection from everyday wear-and-tear
- Interior Shock-Absorbing Padding keeps your camera safe and cushioned from bumps, impacts, and scratches
- Design Slim, Stylish and Protective. Includes a Hand Strap making it a lot easier to travel.
- (Camera Not Included)
Overall Rating: (Full Reviews Product) List Price: This Product is available at AMAZON for the best Price |


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Who dares...break into a van full of SAS soldiers?
TEENAGE thieves targeting vans parked on a council estate forced open the doors of one — and were confronted by four SAS men on a stakeout.
Two of the Who Dares Wins heroes stayed put while the other two chased the panic-stricken tearaways and gave them "a bit of a slap".


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Alfie Fun T
Beautiful shoe, Not that wide
Shoe is awesome, one can tell it is great quality. However, Being that my child has a wide foot and all I buy is Clarks shoes because of comfort for him. This Shoe, compared to other clarks style of shoes in the same size isn't all that wide.
July 29, 2014
they are cute but....
they run super small....couldn't even get my sons foot in and he wears that size in all shoes ....the zipper didn't help much ....like I said....cute but small....shame that I had to return them.
July 1, 2014
Cute Shoe - Runs Small
I really like the look of this shoe. My not quite 3 year old son, who isn't even really into clothes, was excited to show his shoes to our neighbors.
That being said, the shoe runs narrow and small even though it say it's a wide. My son was measured as a size 8.5 in the store, and we have him in a 9.5 (U.S.) which gives him some length to grow into, but the width is a little tight on him.
The Beven Time is almost as cute and definitely fits a wider foot, and unlike the Alfie, does not have a zipper (which I am on the fence about as it looks like it could be uncomfortable without socks).
May 4, 2014
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Welcome to the London Business Support Service
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Mentoring by the MinuteAt £1.50 per minute the most flexible and affordable way of receiving business advice. Email now to arrange your first telephone session FREE email@example.com |
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The London Business Support Service Limited is a commercial organization.
CALL 020 3375 3760 NOW to learn more
click here to contact us.


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Goodman Fan Appreciation Day, School Supplies giveaway, and Goodman All Star game on Saturday August 31st!
Fan Appreciation day will be this Saturday August 31st. The Goodman League will be giving away back packs and school supplies to Barry Farms Children. There will be free food. Goodman will also host their Legends game @ 6pm and All Star game @ 7pm.


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Wednesday, February 10
Philips Arena
Attendance: 17,074
Atlanta, GA (Sports Network) - Daequan Cook scored 13 of his season-high tying 17 points in the fourth quarter, carrying Miami to a 94-76 win over the Atlanta Hawks.
Jermaine O'Neal poured in 19 points and pulled down 10 rebounds, while Dwyane Wade contributed 18 points and 11 assists for the Heat, who have won two in a row following a season-high five-game skid. Udonis Haslem added 14 points and 12 rebounds, while Dorell Wright scored 10 in the triumph.
"It's very important to get two wins in back-to-back games, which we haven't done much this year," Wade said. "After losing five in a row, this was good to get."
Josh Smith scored 18 for Atlanta, which was dominated by a 45-8 count in bench scoring. Al Horford tallied 11 points and 10 rebounds for the Hawks, who had a three-game winning streak broken.
"I just felt like we gave it away," Horford said. "We missed some shots we normally make. This was just a tough loss."
Miami went 11-of-16 from the field in the final quarter, compared to 5-of-19 for the Hawks. Another big difference was a giant run from the Heat, as they scored 10 straight. Maurice Evans sank a free throw to get the Hawks even at 71, but Miami then scored 10 in a row, started by a pair of three-balls from Cook. He added another jumper and Carlos Arroyo's bucket capped the flurry with 6:54 remaining. Atlanta was no closer than nine the rest of the game.
Atlanta held a 27-20 lead after 12 minutes, but the Heat rallied and grabbed a 43-42 halftime edge. It was tight throughout the third, but Miami went to the fourth with a 67-64 edge.
Bob Delaney
Mark Lindsay
Jason Phillips


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Topic Page
Nation Topics - World
Arab Awakening Foreign Policy War and Peace World Leaders Global Organizations Regions and Countries
News and Features
Ireland's struggle to extricate itself from the British Empire contributed early and disproportionately to the political vocabulary of the twentieth century: colonial domination and guerrilla res
Here's a might-have-been for you.
After the Battle in Seattle one thing is certain: The next WTO confab will be held somewhere like Singapore or Jakarta.
It is remarkable to what extent almost anything having to do with the Middle East in this country--be it political, cultural, historical or even personal--is permeated by the triumphalist vision
When the Clinton Administration privatized the United States Enrichment Corporation (USEC) last year, critics warned that the new company would seek to back out of a historic but unprofitable dea
Walden Bello, author of Dark Victory: The United States and Global Poverty (Food First), is executive director of the Bangkok-b
The thousands of demonstrators who will greet the World Trade Organization delegates in Seattle on November 30 will have many voices but one message: The attempt to write a constitution for the g
It's billed as the Battle in Seattle.
Somewhere amid the dancing sea turtles and bustling WTO bureaucrats, the angry anarchists and the Al Gore entourage, the striking steelworkers and the billionaires in town to sip cocktails with B
The World Trade Organization imposes obligations on state and local governments that limit their ability to protect consumers, establish environmental standards and undertake economic stimulus in


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Home › About TU › News, Events and Publications › University News › Lortons to Provide Lead Gift for TU Performance Center
Tuesday, May 27, 2008
The University of Tulsa has announced Roxana and Robert E. Lorton have provided the lead gift for the construction of the university's new $34 million performance center.
TU President Steadman Upham said the building will be named the Roxana Rozsa and Robert Eugene Lorton Performance Center, to honor the legacy of their leadership at the university.
"The continued generosity of the Lorton family – and Roxana and Bob Lorton in particular – has been transformational for both the performing arts at TU and our university as a whole," Upham said.
The Lorton family name is a familiar one on campus, which also includes Lorton Hall (dedicated in 1948 and sometimes referred to as Eugene Lorton Hall) and Lorton Village, a new on-campus apartment community that opened in fall 2007 named in honor of Bob and Roxana Lorton's services and donations to TU.
Eugene Lorton was publisher of the Tulsa World and grandfather to Bob Lorton, who is now chairman of World Publishing Co. Robert E. Lorton III currently serves as Publisher of the Tulsa World.
"We are pleased to have the Lorton name grace this new facility. Roxana and I have deep roots with the University of Tulsa. We love TU and are excited that this new Performance Center will serve both the students and the community at large," Bob Lorton said.
TU has initiated plans to construct the 77,000-square-foot performance center along Gary Place on the east end of Harwell Field. The facility, which will face Harvard Avenue, will be TU's showcase for the musical and performing arts. When completed, the building also will serve as the new home for the School of Music and the Film Studies Department.
Amenities within the facility are to include:
Approximately 90 percent of the estimated $34 million construction costs has been committed. In addition to the Lortons, major commitments have come from: the Judith and Jean Pape Adams Foundation; Ellen and Stephen Adelson; Caroline and Tom Benediktson; Pat and Arnold Brown; the J.A. and Leta Chapman Trusts; Kathie and John Coyle; Ann Graves; the estate of Nan Jankowsky; Jake Jorishie; the George Kaiser Family Foundation; Nancy and Peter Meinig; and faculty members of the Henry Kendall College of Arts and Sciences.
"Roxana and Bob are shining examples of philanthropic giving backed by word and deed," Upham said. "Their example has led the way for a groundswell of support that has literally changed the face of our campus."
Upham noted the Lorton Performance Center will be a cornerstone of campus and community activities for generations to come. The facility will be made available whenever possible to other performing arts groups in the Tulsa area.
Joseph Rivers, professor of music and film studies and chair of the School of Music, said the new facility will enhance student recruitment efforts and allow TU students and faculty to perform in a modern venue.
"The University of Tulsa has a longstanding musical tradition, and for nearly a century the School of Music has established a distinctive legacy of musical excellence," Rivers said. "The new Lorton Performance Center will -- for the first time in school history -- provide our students and faculty with a venue and a home that matches the quality of their performances and the outstanding musical education that our students receive."
Bob and Roxana Lorton both serve on TU's Board of Trustees. They have held numerous leadership positions and have been instrumental in raising millions of dollars for student scholarships, endowed chairs, campus construction and other University initiatives that have led to TU's rise in national prominence. The couple served as co-chairs of TU's successful New Century Campaign, which secured $108 million from 1993-1998 and represented the University's largest fundraising effort ever at that time. Their generous giving has earned them recognition as members of the Circle of Visionaries in the Circle Society at TU.
Bob Lorton is a native of Tulsa. He earned a bachelor's degree from TU in 1964, and he was named a Distinguished Alumnus in 1988. He has served as chairman of numerous Tulsa-area boards, including those of the Metropolitan Tulsa Chamber of Commerce, Tulsa Area United Way, Philbrook Museum of Art, Tulsa Port of Catoosa Authority and Oklahoma Nature Conservancy. His board service also includes the Boy Scouts of America, Salvation Army, Sutton Avian Research Center and F&M Bank and Trust Company.
Born into the TU family, Roxana Lorton is the daughter of longtime TU music professor Béla Rozsa. A 1963 TU graduate, Lorton has maintained her close ties to TU and is a former member of the Alumni Board of Directors. Her service to TU earned her recognition as a Distinguished Alumna in 2000 and the J. Paschal Twyman Award for Outstanding Service in 1996. She has chaired the boards of the Tulsa Philharmonic, Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa Town Hall, the Philbrook Museum of Art and the Oklahoma Heritage Association. She also has served in board positions with the Tulsa Opera, The Junior League of Tulsa, Planned Parenthood, Tulsa Ballet, and the Tulsa Arts Council.


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