text:
Richmond Park
Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
Isabella Plantation, Richmond Park
Area of Search | Greater London |
Grid reference | TQ200730 |
Interest | Biological |
Area | 856.0 hectares |
Notification | 1992 |
Location map | Magic Map |
Richmond Park is a park, a national nature reserve,[1] a Site of Special Scientific Interest[2][3] and a Special Area of Conservation[4] in south-west London. The largest of London's Royal Parks,[5] it is included, at Grade I,[6] on English Heritage's Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.[7] It was created by Charles I in 1634[8] as a deer park and now has 630 red and fallow deer.[9]
- 1 Size
- 2 Geography
- 3 Governance
- 4 Access
- 5 Law enforcement
- 6 History
- 7 Gates
- 8 Buildings
- 9 Viewpoints
- 10 Plantings and memorials
- 11 Wildlife
- 12 Ponds and streams
- 13 Sport and recreation
- 14 Friends of Richmond Park
- 15 The Hearsum Collection
- 16 Richmond Park in literature
- 17 Richmond Park in art
- 18 Richmond Park on film
- 19 International connections
- 20 See also
- 21 References and footnotes
- 22 Sources
- 23 Further reading
- 24 External links
Richmond Park is the second largest park in London (after the 10,000 acre Lee Valley Park, whose area extends beyond the M25 into Hertfordshire and Essex) and is Britain's second largest urban walled park after Sutton Park,[10] Birmingham. Measuring 3.69 square miles (955 hectares or 2,360 acres),[10] it is comparable in size to Paris's Bois de Vincennes (995 ha or 2,458 ac) and Bois de Boulogne (846 ha or 2,090 ac). It is almost half the size of Casa de Campo (Madrid) (1750 hectares)[11] and is around three times the size of Central Park in New York (843 acres).
Richmond Park is located in the London Boroughs of Richmond, Kingston and Wandsworth.[6] It is close to Richmond, Ham, Kingston upon Thames, Wimbledon, Roehampton and East Sheen.[10]
Richmond | East Sheen, Mortlake | Roehampton | |
Petersham, Ham | Wimbledon Common | |||
Kingston upon Thames | Kingston upon Thames | Coombe, Kingston Vale |
The Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport manages Richmond Park and the other Royal Parks of London under powers set out in The Crown Lands 1851 Act, which transferred management of the parks from the monarch to the government. Day-to-day management of the Royal Parks has been delegated to The Royal Parks, an executive agency of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). The Royal Parks' Board sets the strategic direction for the agency. Appointments to the Board are made by the Mayor of London.[12]
The Friends of Richmond Park and the Friends of Bushy Park co-chair the Richmond and Bushy Parks Forum, comprising 38 local groups of local stakeholder organisations.[13] The forum was formed in September 2010 to consider proposals to bring Richmond Park and Bushy Park – and London's other royal parks – under the control of the Mayor of London through a new Royal Parks Board[13][14] and to make a joint response. Although welcoming the principles of the new governance arrangements, the forum expressed concerns about the composition of the new board.[13][15] According to the Friends of Richmond Park, little ecological expertise is apparent in the board's membership.[16]
Richmond Park is enclosed by a high wall with several gates. The gates either allow pedestrian and bicycle access only, or allow bicycle, pedestrian and other vehicle access. The gates for motor vehicle access are open only during daylight hours, and the speed limit is 20 mph. Apart from taxis, no commercial vehicles are allowed unless they are being used to transact business with residents of the park.[17]
The gates open to motor traffic are: Sheen Gate, Richmond Gate, Ham Gate, Kingston Gate, Roehampton Gate and (for access to Richmond Park Golf Course only) Chohole Gate.
There is pedestrian and bicycle access to the park 24 hours a day except when there is a deer cull. During the deer cull the majority of the gates are locked and warning signs are displayed forbidding access to the park under the orders of The Secretary of State. Warning signs are normally displayed a month before the deer cull occurs.
The park has designated bridleways and cycle paths. These are shown on maps and noticeboards displayed near the main entrances, along with other regulations that govern use of the park. The bridleways are special in that they are for horses (and their riders) only and not open to other users like normal bridleways. Cycling is allowed only on main roads and on the Tamsin Trail (the shared-use pedestrian cycle path that runs close to the park's perimeter).
As the park is a national nature reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest, all dog owners are required to keep their dogs under control while in the park. This includes not allowing their dog to disturb other park users or disrupt wildlife. In 2009, after some incidents leading to the death of wildfowl, the park's dogs on leads policy was extended. Park users are said to believe that the deer are feeling increasingly threatened by the growing number of dogs using the park[18] and Royal Parks advises against walking dogs in the park during the deer's birthing season.[19][20]
Law enforcement[edit]
A mugging at gunpoint in 1854 reputedly led to the establishment of a park police force.[21] Until 2005 the park was policed by the separate Royal Parks Constabulary but that has now been subsumed into the Royal Parks Operational Command Unit of the Metropolitan Police.[22] In recent years the mounted police have been replaced by a patrol team in a four-wheel drive vehicle.
In July 2012 it was reported that police have been given the power to issue £50 on-the-spot fines for littering, cycling outside designated areas and for dog fouling offences.[23]
In August 2012 a dog owner was ordered to pay £315 after allowing five dogs to chase ducks in the park.[24] From April 2013 commercial dog-walkers have been required to apply for licences to walk dogs in the park and are allowed to walk only four dogs at a time.[25]
In September 2013 a cyclist was successfully prosecuted for speeding at 37 mph in the park.[26]
In 1625 Charles I brought his court to Richmond Palace to escape an outbreak of plague in London[27] and turned the area on the hill above Richmond into a park for the hunting of red and fallow deer.[27][28] It was originally referred to as the king's "New Park"[29] to distinguish it from the existing park in Richmond, which is now known as Old Deer Park. In 1637 he appointed Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland as keeper of the new park, for life, with a fee of 12 (old) pence a day, pasture for four horses, and the use of the brushwood.[30] Charles's decision, also in 1637, to enclose the land[31] was not popular with the local residents, but he did allow pedestrians the right of way.[32] To this day the walls remain, although they have been partially rebuilt and reinforced.
Following Charles I's execution, custodianship of the park passed to the Corporation of the City of London but it was returned to the restored monarch, Charles II, on his return to London in 1660.[33]
In 1736 the Queen's Ride was cut through existing woodland to create a grand avenue through the park.[34]
In 1751, Princess Amelia became ranger of Richmond Park after the death of Robert Walpole. Immediately afterwards, the Princess caused major public uproar by closing the park to the public, only allowing few close friends and those with special permits to enter.[35] This continued until 1758, when a local brewer, John Lewis, took the gatekeeper, who stopped him from entering the park, to court.[36] The court ruled in favour of Lewis, citing the fact that, when Charles I enclosed the park in the 17th century, he allowed the public right of way in the park. Princess Amelia was forced to lift the restrictions.[37][38]
Full right of public access to the park was confirmed by Act of Parliament in 1872.[39] However, people were no longer given the right to remove firewood; this is still the case and helps in preserving the park.[27]
Pen Ponds, a lake divided in two by a causeway, was dug in 1746 and is now a good place to see water birds.[27] John Rocque's Map of London, 1746 shows Pen Ponds for the first time, named as The Canals.[40] Between 1855 and 1861, new drainage improvements were constructed, including drinking points for deer.[41]
Between 1833 and 1842 the Petersham Lodge estate, and then part of Sudbrook Park, were incorporated into Richmond Park. Terrace Walk was created from Richmond Gate to Pembroke Lodge.[42]
Edward VII developed the park as a public amenity by opening up almost all the previously fenced woods and making public those gates that were previously private.[43] From 1915 level areas of the park were marked out for football and cricket pitches.[43] A golf course was developed on the former "Great Paddock" of Richmond Park, an area used for feeding deer for the royal hunt. The tree belt in this part of the park was supplemented by additional planting in 1936.[44] The golf course was opened in 1923 by Edward, Prince of Wales[45] (who was to become King Edward VIII and, after his abdication, Duke of Windsor). The future king had been born in the park, at White Lodge, in 1894.[46]
The park in wartime[edit]
In or around 1870, the Inns of Court Rifle Volunteers were using an area near Bog Gate as a drill ground.[41]
On 7 December 1915 English inventor Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrated, in a secret test on Pen Ponds, how selenium cells would work in a remotely controlled prototype weapon for use against German Zeppelins.[47] Reporting on this story several years later, in April 1924, The Daily Chronicle reported that the test had been carried out in the presence of Lord Balfour, Lord Fisher and a staff of experts. Its success led to Matthews receiving a payment of £25,000 from the Government the very next morning. Despite this large sum changing hands, the Admiralty never used the invention.[48]
Between 1916 and 1925 the park housed a South African war hospital, which was built between Bishop's Pond and Conduit Wood.[49][50] The hospital closed in 1921 and was demolished in 1925.[51]
In 1938, an army camp was set up near Dann's Pond.[52] During World War II Pembroke Lodge was used as the base for "Phantom" (the GHQ Liaison Regiment).[52] The Pen Ponds were drained, in order to disguise them as a landmark.[53] The Russell School, which had been built near Petersham Gate in 1851,[54] was destroyed by enemy action in 1943[55] and Sheen Cottage a year later.[56]
Picture Post, on 13 December 1941, featured a photograph of an anti-aircraft gun site inside Sheen Gate.[57]
The Petersham Hole[edit]
The Petersham Hole was a sink hole caused by subsidence of a sewer which forced the total closure of the A307 road in Petersham in 1979–80. The hole and subsequent repair work forced a total road closure of the main arterial route between Richmond and Kingston. To help relieve the pressure on local transport pressure, Richmond Park remained open to vehicular traffic overnight between Richmond, Ham, and Kingston gates. The park road was widened at Ham Cross near Ham Gate to accommodate temporary traffic lights to facilitate the additional traffic flow. This additional and unusual traffic resulted in the deaths of 84 deer in the park whilst the diversion was in operation.[58]
The park during the Olympics[edit]
For the 1948 Summer Olympics, an Olympic village was built near Dann's Pond.[59]
In the 2012 Summer Olympics the men's and the women's cycling road races went through the park.[60][61]
In 1736 Bog Gate (also then known as Queen's Gate) was opened as a private entrance by which Queen Caroline could enter the park on her journeys between White Lodge and Richmond Lodge, a royal residence in Old Deer Park. Public access, 24 hours a day, was granted in 1894 and the present "cradle" gate installed.[62] The gate connects the park with East Sheen Common.
Kitchen Garden Gate, hidden behind Teck Plantation, is probably a nineteenth-century gate. It has never been open to the public.[62]
Sheen Gate (one of the original six gates in the boundary wall when the park was enclosed in 1637) was where the brewer John Lewis asserted pedestrian right of entry in 1755 after Princess Amelia had denied it.The present double gates date from 1926.[63]
Roehampton Gate is also one of the six original gates. The present wrought iron gates were installed in 1899.[63]
Chohole Gate served the farm that stood within the park on the site of the present Kings Farm Plantation. It is first mentioned in 1680.[63] The gate now provides access to Richmond Park Golf Course.
Robin Hood Gate, another of the six original gates, takes its name from the nearby Robin Hood Inn (demolished in 2001) and is close to what is called[64] the Robin Hood roundabout on the A3. Widened in 1907,[63] it has been closed to motorised vehicles since a 2003 traffic reduction trial.[65] Alterations commenced in March 2013 to make the gates more suitable for pedestrian use and return some of the hard surface to parkland.[66]
Ladderstile Gate, also one of the six original gates, was known as Coombe Gate and provided access to the park for the parishioners of Coombe, with both a gate and a step ladder. The gate was locked in the early 1700s and bricked up in about 1735. The stepladder was reinstated after John Lewis's case in 1758 and remained in place until about 1884. The present gate dates from 1901.[63]
Kingston Gate dates from about 1750. The existing gates date from 1898.[63]
Ham Gate is one of the six original gates. It was widened in 1921, when the present wrought iron gates were installed. The chinoiserie lantern lights over the gate were installed in 1825.[63]
Petersham Gate served the Russell School, replacing the more ornate gates to Petersham Lodge. A disused carriage gate further up the hill was probably a tradesman's entrance to the school or to the Lodge stables.[63]
Richmond Gate, designed by Sir John Soane,[67][68] is one of the original six gates and has the heaviest traffic. The gates were widened in 1896.[63]
Bishop's Gate in Chisholm Road, previously known as the Cattle Gate, was for use by livestock allowed to pasture in the nineteenth century. It was opened for public use in 1896.[63]
Cambrian Gate or Cambrian Road Gate[63] was constructed during World War I for access to the newly built South Africa Military Hospital.[51][69] When the hospital was demolished in 1925, the entrance was made permanent and public as a pedestrian gate.[63]
Motto | A special place for learning |
Formation | 1994[70] |
Legal status | Registered charity[71] |
Headquarters | Holly Lodge |
Location |
Region served
Greater London and Surrey[71] |
Anna King (Centre Manager);[72] Dr Pat Ealey MBE (Community Engagement Manager)[72] |
Main organ
Stepping Stones |
[£]75,000[71] |
2 |
90[73] |
Website | www |
The Park contains notable buildings. Ten of these buildings, and the whole boundary wall of the park, are Grade II listed buildings.[74]
Ham Gate Lodge (listed Grade II)[74] was built in 1742.[75]
Richmond Gate and Richmond Gate Lodge were both listed Grade II in 2010.[76] Dated 1798, they were designed by Sir John Soane.[36][77]
There are also gate lodges at Bishops Gate, Chohole Gate, Kingston Gate, Robin Hood Gate, Roehampton Gate[78] and at Sheen Gate, which also has a bungalow (Sheen Gate Bungalow).[79] Ladderstile Cottage, at Ladderstile Gate, was built in the 1780s.[80]
There are six other houses, apart from the gate-houses: Holly Lodge, Oak Lodge, Pembroke Lodge, Thatched House Lodge, White Ash Lodge and White Lodge.
All houses backing on to the park pay a feudal fee known euphemistically as "Richmond Park Freebord" ranging from about £2 to £200 per annum.
Holly Lodge[edit]
In 1735, a new lodge, Cooper's Lodge, was built on the site of Hill Farm.[81] It was later known as Lucas's Lodge and Bog Lodge.[81] Bog Lodge was renamed Holly Lodge in 1993[36] and now contains a visitors' centre (bookings only), the Park's administrative headquarters and a base for the Metropolitan Police's Royal Parks Operational Command Unit.
Holly Lodge and the game larder in its courtyard are both Grade II listed.[74]
Holly Lodge also includes the Holly Lodge Centre [2], which provides an opportunity for people of all ages and abilities to enjoy and learn from a series of hands-on experiences, focusing particularly on the environment and in the Victorian history and heritage of Richmond Park. The Centre, which is wheelchair-accessible throughout,[82] was opened in 1994.[70] It was founded by Mike Fitt OBE,[70] who was then The Royal Parks' Superintendent of Richmond Park and later became Deputy Chief Executive of London's Royal Parks.
In 2007 Princess Alexandra agreed to become the Royal Patron.[83] In 2011 she opened the Centre's Victorian-themed pharmacy, Mr Palmer's Chymist. This includes the original interior, artefacts and dispensing records dating from 1865, from a chemist's shop in Mortlake,[84][85] and is used for educational activities. The Centre also includes a replica Victorian kitchen, Mrs Sawyer's Victorian Kitchen, and a kitchen garden planted with varieties of vegetables used in Victorian times and herbs cultivated for their medicinal properties.[86][87]
A registered charity,[71] the Holly Lodge Centre received the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service in 2005.[86]
Oak Lodge[edit]
Oak Lodge, near Sidmouth Wood, was built in about 1852 as a home for the park bailiff, who was responsible for repair and maintenance in the park.[88] It is used by The Royal Parks as its base for a similar function today.[88]
Pembroke Lodge[edit]
Pembroke Lodge and some associated houses stand in their own garden within the park. In 1847 Pembroke Lodge became the home of the then Prime Minister, Lord John Russell and was later the childhood home of his grandson, Bertrand Russell. It is now a popular restaurant with views across the Thames Valley. Pembroke Lodge is Grade II listed.[74]
Thatched House Lodge[edit]
Thatched House Lodge, which is Grade II listed,[74] was the London home of U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower during the Second World War. Since 1963 it has been the residence of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy. The residence was originally built as two houses in 1673 for two Richmond Park Keepers, as Aldridge Lodge. Enlarged in 1727, the two houses were joined and renamed Thatched House Lodge in 1771 by Sir John Soane. The gardens include an 18th-century two-room thatched summer house which gave the main house its name.
White Ash Lodge[edit]
White Ash Lodge was built in the 1730s or 1740s.[89] The house is Grade II listed, and its barn and stables also.[74][90]
White Lodge[edit]
Built as a hunting lodge for George II by the architect Roger Morris, and completed in 1730, White Lodge is Grade I listed.[74] Its many famous residents have included members of the Royal Family. The future Edward VIII was born at White Lodge in 1894 and his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York (the future George VI), and the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother), lived there in the 1920s. The Royal Ballet School (formerly Sadler's Wells Ballet) has been based since 1955[59] at White Lodge where younger ballet students continue to be trained.
Former buildings[edit]
A map by John Eyre, "Plan of His Majesty's New Park", shows a summerhouse near Richmond Gate.[29]
Several buildings already existed within the park when it was created. One of these was a manor house at Petersham which was renamed Petersham Lodge. During the Commonwealth period it became accommodation for one of the park's deputy keepers, Lodowick Carlell (or Carlile), who was also a renowned playwright in his day,[91] and his wife, Joan Carlile, one of the very first women to practise painting professionally.[92]
Elizabeth, Countess of Dysart, and her husband Sir Lionel Tollemache, took over Petersham Lodge when they became joint keepers of Richmond Park. After Tollemache's death the Lodge and its surrounding land were leased in 1686 to Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, whose sister Anne was married to the new king, James II. It became a private park and was subsequently landscaped. By 1692 Rochester had demolished the Lodge and replaced it with a splendid new mansion in his "New Park". In 1732, a new Petersham Lodge was built to replace it after a fire.[93] This Petersham Lodge was demolished in 1835.[42]
Professor Sir Richard Owen, the first Director of the Natural History Museum, lived at Sheen Cottage until his death in 1892.[94] The cottage was destroyed by enemy action in 1944.[95] The remains of the cottage can be seen in patches and irregularities in the wall 220 metres from Sheen Gate.[80]
A bandstand, similar to one in Kensington Gardens, was erected near Richmond Gate in 1931. In 1975, after many years of disuse, it was moved to Regent's Park.[96]
There is a protected view of St Paul's Cathedral from King Henry's Mound, and also from Sawyer's Hill a view of central London in which the London Eye, Natwest Tower and "The Gherkin" appear to be close to one another.
King Henry's Mound[edit]
King Henry's Mound is the highest point within the park and is located within the public gardens of Pembroke Lodge. It is named after Henry VIII of England. It was traditionally thought to be the spot where King Henry VIII stood on 19 May 1536 to watch a rocket fired from the Tower of London. This was the signal that his wife Anne Boleyn had been executed for treason and he would be able to marry Jane Seymour. The story is unlikely to be true because Henry spent that evening in Wiltshire.[97]
It was probably a prehistoric burial chamber, possibly dating from the Bronze age, and was later used as a viewpoint for hunting and falconry.[97]
From the Mound there is a protected view of St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London, over 10 miles (16 km) to the east, which was established in 1710. (A telescope is installed on the mound, for a better viewing experience.) This vista is protected by a "dome and a half" width of sky on either side. In 2005 the then Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, sought to overturn this protection and reduce it to "half a dome". In 2009 his successor, Boris Johnson, promised to reinstate the wider view, though also approving a development at Victoria Station which will obscure its right-hand corner.[98]
To the west is a panorama of the Thames Valley.
New gates − "The Way" − which can be viewed through the King Henry's Mound telescope, were installed in 2012 on the edge of Sidmouth Wood to mark the 300th anniversary of St Paul's Cathedral.[99]
Plantings and memorials[edit]
The park's open slopes and woods are based on lowland acid soils. The grassland is mostly managed by grazing. The park contains numerous woods and copses, some created with donations from members of the public.
Between 1819 and 1835, Lord Sidmouth, Deputy Ranger, established several new plantations and enclosures, including Sidmouth Wood and the ornamental Isabella Plantation, both of which are fenced to keep the deer out.[27][41] After World War II the existing woodland at the Isabella Plantation was transformed into a woodland garden, and is organically run, resulting in a rich flora and fauna. Opened to the public in 1953,[100] it is now a major visitor attraction in its own right.
The Jubilee Plantation, created to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria, was established in 1887.
Prince Charles' Spinney was planted out in 1951[101] with trees protected from the deer by fences, to preserve a natural habitat. The bluebell glade is managed to encourage native British bluebells.
Teck Plantation, established in 1905,[102] commemorates the Duke and Duchess of Teck, who lived at White Lodge. Their daughter Mary married George V.[62]
Tercentenary Plantation, in 1937,[102] marked the 300th anniversary of the enclosure of the park.
Victory Plantation was established in 1946[102] to mark the end of the Second World War.
Queen Mother's Copse, a small triangular enclosure on the woodland hill halfway between Robin Hood Gate and Ham Gate, was established in 1980[102] to commemorate the 80th birthday of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.
The park lost over 1000 mature trees during the storms of 1987 and 1990.[6] The subsequent replanting included a new plantation, Two Storms Wood,[6] a short distance into the park from Sheen Gate. Some extremely old trees can also be seen inside this enclosure.[6]
Bone Copse, which was named in 2005, was started by the Bone family in 1988 by purchasing and planting a tree from the Park authorities in memory of Bessie Bone who died in that year. Trees have been added annually, and in 1994 her husband Frederick Bone also died. The annual planting has been continued by their children.
James Thomson[edit]
In 1994 a curved metal bench, known as "Poet's seat", [3] was installed at the north end of Pembroke Lodge Gardens, at a viewpoint overlooking Petersham Park in the area known as Poet's Corner. Sculpted by Richard Farringdon,[103] it was based on an idea by Jane Fowles who worked with LUC (Land Use Consultants). The seat is inscribed with lines by James Thomson, the 18th century Scottish poet best known for writing the words to "Rule Britannia!" who, towards the end of his life, lived in Richmond.[97]
At the north eastern end of Pembroke Lodge Gardens there was another memorial to Thomson, who died at Richmond in 1748. This was a black wooden board, originally installed in 1851 as two boards attached to trees near Pembroke Lodge stables. A newer version of the board was erected in 1895 by the Selbourne Society. The board had an ode to Thomson by the writer and historian John Heneage Jesse.[97]
In 2014 Poet's Corner was re-sited to the other side of the main path and the ode, on a regilded board, was installed in a completely new oak frame. The new Poet's Corner, funded by the Friends of Richmond Park and the Visitor Centre at Pembroke Lodge, and by a donation in memory of Wendy Vachell, also includes three curved benches made from reclaimed teak. The benches are inscribed with the words "A poor life this, if, full of care, we have no time to stand and stare".[104]
Lines from Thomson's best-known poem, "The Seasons", are inscribed on King Henry's Mound.[97]
Ian Dury[edit]
In 2002, a "musical bench", designed by Mil Stricevic [4] was placed in a favoured viewing spot of rock-and-roll singer and lyricist Ian Dury (1942–2000) near Poet's Corner. The back of the bench is inscribed with the words "Reasons to be cheerful", the title of one of Dury's songs.[97] The solar powered seat was intended to allow visitors to plug in and listen to eight of his songs as well as an interview,[105] but has been subjected to repeated vandalism.[106]
Herds of red and fallow deer roam freely within much of the park. A cull takes place each November and February to ensure numbers can be sustained.[107] Some deer are also killed in road accidents, through the discarding of litter such as small items of plastic, or by dogs.[108]
Many of the deer in Richmond Park are infected with a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi which can be transmitted to humans through a tick bite causing Lyme disease. Borrelia belong to a group of bacteria known as spirochetes which cause a number of diseases worldwide, including syphilis, leptospirosis, relapsing fever and Lyme disease.
It is an important refuge for other wildlife, including woodpeckers, squirrels, rabbits, snakes, frogs, toads, stag beetles and many other insects plus numerous ancient trees and varieties of fungi. It is particularly notable for its rare beetles.[1]
Richmond Park supports a large population of what are believed to be Ring-necked (or Rose-ringed) Parakeets. These bred from birds that escaped or were freed from captivity.
Ponds and streams[edit]
There are about 30 ponds in the park. Some – including Barn Wood Pond, Bishop's Pond, Gallows Pond, Leg of Mutton Pond, Martin's Pond and White Ash Pond – have been created to drain the land or to provide water for livestock. The Pen Ponds (which in the past were used to rear carp for food)[109] date from 1746.[27] They were formed when a trench was dug in the early 17th century to drain a boggy area; later in that century this was widened and deepened by the extraction of gravel for local building. The Ponds now take in water from streams flowing from the higher ground around them and release it to Beverley Brook. Beverley Brook and the two Pen Ponds are most visible areas of water in the park.[110]
Beverley Brook rises at Cuddington Recreation Park in Worcester Park[111] and enters the park (where it is followed by the Tamsin Trail and Beverley Walk) at Robin Hood Gate, creating a water feature used by deer, smaller animals and water grasses and some water lilies. Its name is derived from the former presence in the river of the European beaver (Castor fiber),[112] a species extinct in Britain since the sixteenth century.[113]
Most of the streams in the park drain into Beverley Brook but a spring above Dann's Pond flows to join Sudbrook (from "South brook") on the park boundary. Sudbrook flows through a small valley known as Ham Dip and has been dammed and enlarged in two places to form Ham Dip Pond and Ham Gate Pond, first mapped in 1861 and 1754 respectively. These were created for the watering of deer.[114] Both ponds underwent restoration work including de-silting, which was completed in 2013.[115] Sudbrook drains the western escarpment of the hill that, to the east, forms part of the catchment of Beverley Brook and, to the south, the Hogsmill River. Sudbrook is joined by the Latchmere Stream just beyond Ham Gate Pond. Sudbrook then flows into Sudbrook Park, Petersham.
Another stream rises north of Sidmouth Wood and goes through Conduit Wood towards the park boundary near Bog Gate.[110]
A separate water system for Isabella Plantation was developed in the 1950s. Water from the upper Pen Pond is pumped to Still Pond, Thomson's Pond and Peg's Pond.[110]
The park's newest pond is Attenborough Pond, opened by and named after the broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough in July 2014.[116] It was created as part of the park's Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme.[117]
Sport and recreation[edit]
Cycling: Cycles are available for hire near Roehampton Gate and, at peak times, near Pembroke Lodge.[118] The Tamsin Trail (shared between pedestrians and cyclists) provides a circuit of the park and is almost entirely car-free.[119]
Fishing is allowed, by paid permit, on Pen Ponds from mid-June to mid-March.[118]
Golf is played at Richmond Park Golf Course, accessed from Chohole Gate.
Horse riding: Horses from several local stables are ridden in the park.[118]
Rugby: A section of the grassland to the north of the Roehampton Gate is maintained and laid out during the winter months for rugby; there are three pitches. At weekends, this area is hired extensively to Rosslyn Park Rugby Football Club. The club buses visiting teams to and from the park pitches from its nearby clubhouse and changing rooms.[118]
Running: The Tamsin Trail is a 7.2 mile trail around the park which is popular with runners. The Richmond Park parkrun, a 5 km organised run, takes place every Saturday at 9:00 a.m.[120] from a starting point close to Bishop's Gate.[121]
There are children's playgrounds at Kingston Gate and Petersham Gate.[82]
Friends of Richmond Park[edit]
Abbreviation | FRP |
Motto | Protecting Richmond Park's peace and natural beauty |
Formation | 1961 |
Legal status | registered charity and membership organisation |
Headquarters | Richmond, London |
Location | |
2200 |
Key people
Ron Crompton, Chair |
Main organ
Friends of Richmond Park newsletter (quarterly) |
150 |
Website | www |
The Friends of Richmond Park (FRP) [5] was founded in 1961 to protect the park. In 1960 the speed limit in the park had been raised from 20 to 30 miles an hour and there were concerns that the roads in the park would be assigned to the main highway system as had recently happened in parts of Hyde Park.[122] In 1969, plans by the then Greater London Council to assign the park's roads to the national highway were revealed by the Friends and subsequently withdrawn.[123] The speed limit was reduced to 20 miles an hour in the summer of 2004.[124]
In 2011, the Friends successfully campaigned for the withdrawal of plans for open air screenings of films in the park.[125][126] In 2012, the Friends contributed towards the cost of a new Jubilee Pond, and launched a public appeal for a Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme in which the Friends, the Richmond Park Wildlife Group and Healthy Planet have been working with staff from The Royal Parks to restore some of the streams and ponds in the park.[127][128][129]
The Friends run a visitor centre near Pembroke Lodge, organise a programme of walks[130] and education activities for young people, and produce a quarterly newsletter. The Friends have published two books, A Guide to Richmond Park and Family Trails in Richmond Park; profits from the books' sales contribute towards the Friends' conservation work.[131][132]
The Friends of Richmond Park has been a charitable organisation since 2009.[133] It has 2200 members, is run by approximately 150 volunteers and has no staff.[133][134] Broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough, former Richmond Park MP Baroness Susan Kramer and children's author Dame Jacqueline Wilson are patrons of FRP.[135] The chair is Ron Crompton, who also chairs the Royal Parks Friends Forum.[136] The Friends Forum enables the chairs of all the Royal Parks Friends groups to meet regularly to discuss common issues and to make their views known to the chief executive of the Royal Parks, the Royal Parks Advisory Group and the Department of Culture, Media and Sport.[137]
The Hearsum Collection[edit]
Motto | Sharing the story of 400 years of Richmond Park |
Formation | 2013 |
Legal status | registered charity |
Headquarters | Pembroke Lodge, Richmond Park |
Location | |
Daniel Hearsum |
Website | hearsumcollection |
The Hearsum Collection [6] is a registered charity[138] that collects and preserves the heritage of Richmond Park. It has a collection, which was started in 1997,[139] of heritage material covering the last four centuries, with over 5000 items including antique prints, paintings,[140] maps, postcards, photographs, documents, books and press cuttings. These are being catalogued by volunteers from the Friends of Richmond Park.[140] The Collection, currently stored in unsatisfactory accommodation in Pembroke Lodge,[141] is overseen by volunteers and part-time staff. Plans are well advanced for a new purpose-built heritage centre to provide full public access to the Collection.[141][142][143][144]
Richmond Park in literature[edit]
19th century[edit]
Chapter 22 of George McDonald's novel The Marquis of Lossie (published in London in 1877 by Hurst and Blackett)[145] is entitled "Richmond Park".[146]
20th century[edit]
In Georgette Heyer's Regency romance Sylvester, or the Wicked Uncle (1957) there is an expedition to Richmond Park.[147]
21st century[edit]
The Isabella Plantation in Richmond Park is the scene of a picnic and a child's disappearance in chapters 9 and 10 of Chris Cleave's 2008 novel The Other Hand.[148]
Richmond Park features in Jacqueline Wilson's novel Lily Alone (2010) and in the poetry anthology she edited, Green Glass Beads (2011).[149]
A Hind in Richmond Park by William Henry Hudson, published in 1922 and republished in 2006, is an extended natural history essay. It includes an account of his visits to Richmond Park and a particular occasion when a young girl was struck by a red deer when she tried to feed it an acorn.[150]
Richmond Park in art[edit]
Paintings, drawings and sculptures[edit]
17th century[edit]
The oil painting The Carlile Family with Sir Justinian Isham in Richmond Park by Joan Carlile (1600–1679) (who lived at Petersham Lodge)[92] is held at Lamport Hall in Northamptonshire.[151]
18th and 19th centuries[edit]
Peter Tillemans' View of Richmond Park from Twickenham Park, painted in about 1720, is in the British Government Art Collection.[152]
A portrait by T Stewart (a pupil of Sir Joshua Reynolds)[153] in 1758 of John Lewis, Brewer of Richmond, Surrey, [7] whose legal action forced Princess Amelia to reinstate pedestrian access to the park, is in the Richmond upon Thames Borough Art Collection and is on display in Richmond Reference Library.[154]
Joseph Allen's Sir Robert Walpole (1676–1745), 1st Earl of Orford, KG, as Ranger of Richmond Park (after Jonathan Richardson the Elder) is in the collection of the National Trust, and is held at Erddig, Wrexham.[155] The painting is based on a portrait with a similar title, by Jonathan Richardson the Elder and John Wootton, which is held at Norwich Castle Museum and Art Gallery.[156]
Artist and caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson (1756–1827)'s drawing Richmond Park is at the Yale Center for British Art. [8]
The Earl of Dysart's Family in Richmond Park by William Frederick Witherington (1785–1865) is in The Hearsum Collection at Pembroke Lodge.[157]
Landscape: View in Richmond Park, painted in 1850 by the English Romantic painter John Martin is at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge.[158]
William Bennett's watercolour In Richmond Park, painted in 1852, is held by Tate Britain and can be viewed, by appointment, at its Prints and Drawings Rooms.[159]
Landscape with Deer, Richmond Park (1875) by Alfred Dawson is in the Reading Museum's collection.[160]
John Buxton Knight's White Lodge, Richmond Park, painted in 1898, is in the collection of Leeds Museums and Galleries.[161]
20th century[edit]
The oil painting Richmond Park (1913) by Arthur George Bell is in the collection of the London Transport Museum.[162]
Spencer Gore's painting Richmond Park, thought to have been painted in the autumn of 1913 or shortly before the artist's death in March 1914, was exhibited at the Paterson and Carfax Gallery[163] in 1920. In 1939 it was exhibited in Warsaw, Helsingfors and Stockholm by the British Council as Group of Trees.[164] It is now in the collection of the Tate Gallery under its original title but is not currently on display.[164] The painting is one of a series of landscapes painted in Richmond Park during the last months of Gore's life.[165] According to Tate curator Helena Bonett, Gore's early death from pneumonia, two months before what would have been his 36th birthday, was brought on by his painting outdoors in Richmond Park in the cold and wet winter months.[166] It is not certain where in the park the picture was made but a row of trees close to the pond near Cambrian Gate has a very close resemblance to those in the painting.[167] Another Gore painting, with the same title (Richmond Park), painted in 1914, is at the Ashmolean Museum. His painting Wood in Richmond Park is in the Birmingham Art Gallery's collection.[168]
The oil painting Autumn, Richmond Park by Alfred James Munnings is at the Sir Alfred Munnings Art Museum in Colchester.[169]
Chinese artist Chiang Yee wrote and illustrated several books while living in Britain. Deer in Richmond Park is Plate V in his book The Silent Traveller in London, published in 1938.[170]
Trees, Richmond Park, Surrey, painted in 1938 by Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook, is in the Manchester City Galleries' collection.[171]
Henry Moore's oil painting In Richmond Park is in the collection of the York Museums Trust.[172]
Richmond Park No 2 by the English Impressionist painter Laura Knight is at the Royal Academy of Arts.[173]
In Richmond Park (1962) by James Andrew Wykeham Simons is at the UCL Art Museum.[174]
Kenneth Armitage (1916–2002) made a series of sculptures and drawings of oak trees in Richmond Park between 1975 and 1986.[175] His collage and etching Richmond Park: Tall Figure with Jerky Arms (1981) is in the British Government Art Collection and is on display at the British Embassy in Prague. [9] The Government Art Collection also holds his Richmond Park: Two Trees with White Trunks (1975), [10] Richmond Park: Five Trees, Grey Sky (1979) [11] and his sculpture Richmond Oak (1985–86). [12]
Richmond Park Morning, London (2004) by Bob Rankin is at Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton.[176]
Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton also holds a panel of five oil paintings by Yvonne Fletcher entitled Richmond Park, London (2005–06).[177]
Historic posters[edit]
The Underground Electric Railways Company published, in 1911, a poster, Richmond Park, designed by Charles Sharland. This is at the London Transport Museum [13] which also has: a District line poster from 1908, Richmond Park for pleasure and fresh air, by an unknown artist; [14] Richmond Park by Charles Paine (1921); [15] Richmond Park; humours no. 10 by German American puppeteer and illustrator Tony Sarg (1913); [16] Richmond Park by Emilio Camilio Leopoldo Tafani (1920); [17] and Richmond Park, a poster commissioned by London Transport in 1938 and illustrated by the artist Dame Laura Knight.[18]
Richmond Park on film[edit]
Richmond Park has been a location for several films and TV series.
A locomotive runs through the park and crashes into a tree in the film The Titfield Thunderbolt (1955).[178]
In the 1968 film Performance, James Fox crosses Richmond Park in a Rolls Royce car.[178]
The park was the backdrop for the classic historical film Anne of the Thousand Days (1969),[179] with Richard Burton and Genevieve Bujold, which looks back to Richmond Park in the 16th century. The film tells the story of King Henry VIII's courtship and brief marriage to Anne Boleyn.
An Indian dust storm was filmed in the park for the film Heat and Dust (1983).[178]
The Royal Ballet School in Richmond Park featured in the film Billy Elliot (2000).[178][180]
In 2011, director Guy Ritchie filmed parts of Sherlock Holmes 2 in the park with Robert Downey, Jr. and Jude Law.[181]
Some of the scenes from Into the Woods (2014), the forthcoming Disney fantasy film featuring Meryl Streep,[182] were filmed in the park.[183][184]
As well as a location for films, Richmond Park is regularly featured in television programmes, corporate videos and fashion shoots. It has made an appearance on Blue Peter, Inside Out (the BBC regional current affairs programme) and BBC Springwatch.[179] In 2014 it was featured in a video commissioned by The Hearsum Collection.[19]
International connections[edit]
There is a "Richmond Park" in Germany. The name is no coincidence. It was created in 1768 in Brunswick for Princess Augusta, sister of George III. She was married to the Duke of Brunswick and was feeling homesick, so an English-style park was laid out and a palace built for her, both with the name "Richmond".[185][186]
In 1935, the palace including the entire estate was purchased by the City of Braunschweig. One condition for the purchase was that no structural changes ever be made and the park not be built on. The palace, which was rebuilt after the war, is now used for representational purposes.[186]
In 1873 the Shah of Persia, Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, the first modern Iranian monarch to visit Europe, visited Lord John Russell at Pembroke Lodge.[187]
Iraq and Lebanon[edit]
Faisal I of Iraq and Lebanese politician Salim Ali Salam were photographed visiting the park in 1925.
In 1864 Giuseppe Garibaldi, general and politician, visited Lord John Russell at Pembroke Lodge.[187]
New Zealand[edit]
The first fallow deer introduced to New Zealand came from Richmond Park.[188] In 1867 and 1876 fallow deer from the park were sent there to help build up stocks.[189]
In 1953 President Tito stayed at White Lodge during a state visit to Britain.[190]
See also[edit]
- East Sheen Common
- Pesthouse Common, Richmond
- Richmond Park Golf Course
- Sudbrook Park, Petersham
- List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London
- List of National Nature Reserves in England
- Richmond upon Thames parks and open spaces
References and footnotes[edit]
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- ^ Natural England, Richmond Park citation
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- ^ "Map of Richmond Park". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
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- ^ "Deer". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
- ^ a b c Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster. "House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 7 Feb 2002 (pt 18)". www.parliament.uk. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
- ^ Institutp Geográfico Nacional de España. "Visor cartográfico Iberpix". Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ "Royal Parks Board". Greater London Authority. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ a b c Ron Crompton and Pieter Morpurgo (19 October 2011). "Letter to Sir Edward Lister, Deputy Mayor of London, re Royal Parks Board". Richmond and Bushy Parks Forum. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ "Responsibility for London's Royal Parks to pass to London's Mayor". Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ "New Board for Royal Parks". Friends of Richmond Park. October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ "Royal Parks Board appointed". Friends of Richmond Park. July 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ The Royal Parks and Other Open Spaces Regulations 1997
- ^ Jasper Copping (10 June 2012). "Watch out Fenton! Richmond Park deers take on dogs". The Telegraph. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
- ^ "Richmond Park dogwalkers chased by protective deer". BBC News. 3 June 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
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- ^ Baxter Brown, p.115
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- ^ William Douglas Hamilton (editor) (1888). Calendar of State Papers, Domestic series, of the reign of Charles I, 1644, preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office. London: HMSO. p. 234.
- ^ An Ordnance Survey map, published in 1949 and now held at The National Archives (UK), ref ZOS 5/5, [1] shows contemporary features in Richmond Park alongside the place names and field boundaries that existed prior to the 1637 Enclosure Act.
- ^ H E Malden (1911). "A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3". Victoria County History. British History Online. pp. 533–546. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
- ^ McDowall, p.51
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- ^ Kenneth J. Panton (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8108-5779-0. p.45
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- ^ Baxter Brown, p.51
- ^ a b c Cloake, p.196
- ^ a b Cloake, p.190
- ^ a b McDowall, p.90
- ^ McDowall, pp.121–126
- ^ Baxter Brown, p.150
- ^ Pamela Fletcher Jones (1972). Richmond Park: Portrait of a Royal Playground. Phillimore & Co Ltd. p. 36. ISBN 0850334977.
- ^ David Clarke and Andy Roberts (October 2003). "Grindell 'Death Ray' Matthews". Fortean Times. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
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- ^ "South African Military Hospital". Lost Hospitals of London. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
- ^ a b "The First World War and Richmond Park". The Collection. The Hearsum Collection. 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ a b Max Lancaster (2011). "History" in Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-9567469-0-0.
- ^ McDowall, p.91
- ^ Max Lancaster (2011). "History" in Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-9567469-0-0.
- ^ McDowall, p.97
- ^ McDowall, p.95
- ^ Compiled by members of the Richmond Local History Society. Cloake, John, ed. Richmond in Old Photographs. Alan Sutton Publishing. p. 151. ISBN 0-86299-855-7.
- ^ Richmond and Twickenham Times. 12 September 1980.
- ^ a b Cloake, p.201
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l McDowall, pp.71–78
- ^ Nigel Cox. "A3 Robin Hood Roundabout". Geograph. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ "Richmond Park's Robin Hood Gate is to stay closed to benefit local environment, says Culture Minister David Lammy". Department for Culture, Media and Sport. 2005. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
- ^ "The Park in March". March Park diaries. Friends of Richmond Park. March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- ^ "Gate design credited to Soane". News. Friends of Richmond Park. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
- ^ "Richmond Gate Lodge, Screen Walls, Gate Piers and Gates". National Heritage List for England. English Heritage. 24 September 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ Cloake, p.198
- ^ a b c "Famous faces celebrate 20 years of the Holly Lodge Centre in Richmond Park" (Press release). The Royal Parks. 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ^ a b c d "1076741 – Holly Lodge Centre". Find charities. Charity Commission. 3 October 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ^ a b "Changes at Holly Lodge Centre". Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter: 6. Autumn 2013.
- ^ "A Day In The Life Of… a project manager at the Holly Lodge Centre, Richmond Park". Living In magazines. March 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Listed buildings in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames". London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. May 2005. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ Cloake, p.108
- ^ "Richmond Gate Lodge, Screen Walls, Gate Piers and Gates, Richmond upon Thames". British Listed Buildings. 24 September 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ "Gate design credited to Soane". Friends of Richmond Park. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
- ^ Nigel Cox. "Richmond Park: Roehampton Gate and Lodge". Geograph. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ "Living in the Parks". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ a b McDowall, p.73
- ^ a b Michael Davison (2011). "Buildings" in Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-9567469-0-0.
- ^ a b "Facilties on site". Holly Lodge Centre. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ "Holly Lodge – Organisation". Holly Lodge Centre. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ^ "Projects: The Victorian Pharmacy". Holly Lodge Centre. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ "The Victorian pharmacy officially opened". Stepping Stones. Winter 2011.
- ^ a b "Holly Lodge introduction". Holly Lodge Centre. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
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- ^ a b Michael Davison (2011). "Buildings" in Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. p. 101. ISBN 978 09567469 0 0.
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- ^ "White Ash Lodge, Richmond upon Thames". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ^ McDowall, p.47
- ^ a b Margaret Toynbee and Gyles Isham (September 1954). "Joan Carlile (1606?–1679): An Identification". The Burlington Magazine 96 (618). Retrieved 16 October 2012.
- ^ Cloake, p.28
- ^ "Remembering Victorian scientist". Richmond and Twickenham Times. 22 January 2004. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ^ McDowall, pp.94–95
- ^ Compiled by members of the Richmond Local History Society (1990). Cloake, John, ed. Richmond in Old Photographs. Alan Sutton Publishing. p. 86. ISBN 0-86299-855-7.
- ^ a b c d e f "Monuments in Richmond Park". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ The First 50 Years. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2012. p.12
- ^ Christine Fleming (7 June 2012). "Tercentenary gates unveiled at Richmond Park". Richmond and Twickenham Times. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ The First 50 Years. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2012. p.32
- ^ McDowall, p.131
- ^ a b c d McDowall, p.122
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- ^ Trevor Hartley (27 August 2010). "The Ian Dury Musical Bench in Richmond Park". UK Travel Blog. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ^ "The Blockheads star Ian Dury's musical memorial repeatedly vandalised in London's Richmond Park". Daily Mirror (London). 26 February 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ^ Rachel Bishop (5 November 2012). "Richmond Park deer cull begins". Wandsworth Guardian (London). Retrieved 9 November 2012.
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- ^ "Wood in Richmond Park by Spencer Gore". Your paintings: Uncovering the nation's art collection. BBC. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
- ^ "Autumn, Richmond Park by Alfred James Munnings". Your paintings: Uncovering the nation's art collection. BBC. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
- ^ Anna Wu (Summer 2012). "The silent traveller: Chiang Yee in Britain 1933–55". V&A Online Journal 4 (ISSN 2043-667X).
- ^ "Trees, Richmond Park, Surrey by Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook". Your paintings: Uncovering the nation's art collection. BBC. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ "In Richmond Park by Henry Moore". Your paintings: Uncovering the nation's art collection. BBC. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ "Richmond Park No.2 (unsigned) by Laura Knight". Your paintings: Uncovering the nation's art collection. BBC. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
- ^ "In Richmond Park by James Andrew Wykeham Simons". Your paintings: Uncovering the nation's art collection. BBC. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ "Kenneth Armitage: artist biography". Tate Gallery. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
- ^ "Richmond Park Morning, London". Your paintings: Uncovering the nation's art collection. BBC. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ "Richmond Park, London (panel 2 of 5) by Yvonne Fletcher". Your paintings: Uncovering the nation's art collection. BBC. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d Sue Barber and Philippa Heath (2009). Valerie Boyes, ed. Richmond on Screen: Feature Films Shot in the Borough. Museum of Richmond. p. 27.
- ^ a b "The Park is the star". Richmond Park. The Royal Parks. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
- ^ Ross Lydall (3 February 2005). "Billy Elliot v the badgers". Evening Standard (London). Retrieved 18 October 2013.
- ^ "Richmond Park transformed into gypsy camp as Sherlock Holmes sequel starring Robert Downey Jr. as Sherlock and Jude Law as Dr Watson is filmed". Richmond and Twickenham Times. 18 October 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
- ^ Alice Vincent (27 September 2013). "Meryl Streep in Into The Woods: first look". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
- ^ "Meryl Streep; Oscar Isaac; Sundance festival; National Trust film locations". The Film Programme. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
- ^ "Streep praises 'magical' park". Richmond and Twickenham Times. 7 February 2014.
- ^ "Schloß Richmond-Park / Kennelgebiet". Braunschweig. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
- ^ a b Peter Bessin (2001). Der Regent als Architekt. Schloß Richmond und die Lustschloßbauten Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttels zwischen 1680 und 1780 als Paradigma fürstlicher Selbstdarstellung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 3-525-47904-2.
- ^ a b Cloake, p.192
- ^ A. H. C. Christie and J. R. H. Andrews (July 1966). "Introduced ungulates in New Zealand – (D) Fallow deer". Tuatara (Victoria University of Wellington) 14 (2): 84. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
- ^ Baxter Brown, p.118
- ^ Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-9567469-0-0.
- Baxter Brown, Michael (1985). Richmond Park: The History of a Royal Deer Park. London: R. Hale. ISBN 0709021631. LCCN 85177278. OL 2613329M.
- Cloake, John (1996). Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew II. Phillimore & Co Ltd. ISBN 9781860770234. OCLC 36045530. OL 8627654M.
- McDowall, David (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. ISBN 095278470X. OCLC 36123245. OL 8477606M.
Further reading[edit]
- Rabbitts, Paul A (2014). Richmond Park: From mediaeval pasture to Royal park. Amberley Publishing Local. ISBN 9781445618562.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richmond Park. |
- "The Royal Parks and Other Open Spaces Regulations 1997". Statutory Instrument 1997 No.1639. HMSO.
- Richmond Park website, park information
- Royal Parks website
- Richmond Park map (PDF)
- Friends of Richmond Park
- The Heritage Pavilion (video, 2014), The Hearsum Collection


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GOD'S WORD Translation (GW) | New International Version (NIV) |
27 People die once, and after that they are judged. | 27 Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment, |
GOD'S WORD® is a copyrighted work of God's Word to the Nations. Copyright © 1995 by God's Word to the Nations. All rights reserved. Used by permission. (God's Word Translation -Online Bible) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |

subset: commoncrawl


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From Head to Toe, Young to Old: 26 Knit and Crochet Accessories
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Easy Knit Slippers
By: Barb Rothwell
Keep your toes toasty in the winter with a pair of homemade, easy knit slippers. This pattern for knit slippers is simple and concise, and you can choose to make knee length slippers too.
Depending on type of yarn, use either single or double strand yarn.
Cast on 22 stitches, (22 stitches are for ankle length, increase the amount of stitches according to the length you want your finished slipper) – Use needles to get your correct gauge for size; adult sizes use size 10-13, average size 10.5
1st row K10, increase 1 in next 2 stitches, K10
2nd row K 10, P1, K2,P1,K10
3rd row K11, increase 1 in next 2 stitches, K10
4th row K10, P1, K4, P1, K10
5th row K11, increase 1 in next 4 stitches, K10
6th row K10, P1, K8, P1, K10
7th row K11, increase 1 in next 2 stitches, K10
8th row (next even rows) K10, P1, K10, P1, K10 every other row
9th row (next odd rows) K32
continue until you have 30 rows**
[If you are doing knee length or have started with more than 22 stitches you will need to cast off enough stitches so that you have 32 stitches left on the needles. That means you in row 30 you will need to cast off XX amount of stitches so that you have 10 K stitches left on the needles before the first P, continue with K until you reach the end of that row. Row 31 you will need to cast off XX amount of stitches so that you have 10 K stitches left on the needles before the first P, at this point continue with Row 31 below.]
Row 31 *K1, P1, continue * till end of row; continue same for the next 29 rows, since these slippers stretch a little they work for women sizes 7-9 or men's 6-8. Add additional K1P1 rows for larger sizes.
Row 61 cut yarn leaving 3 feet of yarn; thread darning needle, thread through stitches on needles and draw tight. Sew up; the seam of the K/P rows; sew up back seam.
I sew on leather bottoms to help with the wear of the slippers. The ones in the picture were done about 10 years ago and don't show much wear. They are also non-wool and have been through the washer and dryer more times than I can remember.
We also wrote this collection of 14 Cozy Crochet and Knit Slipper Patterns for all you slipper lovers out there!
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i am looking for a pattern that is only for as high as the ankle. All these pattern are not for me I am only a beginner and these are for people that have a lot of time. why not put a pattern in that beginners can use. One where people don't have to search for two hours and then just give up. thank but no thanks
Just started this pattern and have several questions. First of all, row 3 should end with K11, not K10. Also, if the first 30 rows create the ankle part of the slipper it's not going to look anything like the photo if the pattern is correct. One or the other is wrong - either the pattern or the photo. Seems to me it would be a good idea to make user-submitted patterns before publishing them.
Hi CroKnit Boutique, Unfortunately, this is a user-submitted pattern, and the original designer would have had to provide us with the gauge you are looking for. We apologize for any inconvenience, --Editor of FaveCrafts
Would you please give us a gauge to help us pick yarn and needle size. I do not like to use double strand worsted weight for the gauge is too thick for socks. I love these boots for house guest!
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Tiger Eye - Part I: Curse of the Riddle Box
Find mystery, magic, and tantalizing romance in this Hidden Object game! Play as the psychically-gifted Dela Reese and escape China with the love of your life! Dive into danger as Dela purchases an ancient riddle box, containing Hari, a 7-foot tall warrior who has been imprisoned for 2000 years. Help the two of them thwart assassins who seek the power of the box and find a way to return home in Tiger Eye - Part I: Curse of the Riddle Box!
Please note: this game contains romantic themes.
- Romantic storyline
- Gorgeous graphics
- Dive into danger!
- Check out our Blog Walkthrough
Game System Requirements:
- OS: Windows XP/Vista/8
- CPU: 1.2 GHz
- DirectX: 9.0
- Hard Drive: 317 MB
Game Manager System Requirements:
- Browser: Internet Explorer 7 or later
The Big Fish Guarantee:
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Recent Comments:
UPDATED: Brew of the Year removed from Brewmaster achievement on PTR {WoW}
Mar 6th 2009 3:53PM Wow... So the 200 tickets I used during Brewfest are essentially wasted. I bought the Brew of the Year membership simply because I wanted the proto within a year of Wrath launch.
Apparently I should have used the tickets to buy the brewfest clothes and dance drunk in Dalaran. The constant nerfing of the Long Strnage Trip achievement is going to make the Violet Proto common on every server. Why not just bump base epic flying to 310 if Blizz is going to make it so easy to get one!
This is not a welcome change. Blizzard is constantly bending over to QQing and bitching on their forums. Next change is going to be all new toons start at level 40. -_-
WRUP: Do I lose my job if I say Warhammer? edition {WoW}
Feb 6th 2009 7:02PM As an employee of the FAA and someone who has been dealing with the NTSB ever since the accident, BRK's #1 made me laugh... hard. I know I am going to hell because of that, and I am ok with it.
If you cannot laugh at it, lighten up. No one was seriously hurt and the pilot is a hero.
Forums go up; forums go down... {WoW}
Jan 23rd 2009 12:57PM The patch was numbered 3.0.8, not 3.08. 3.08 would be the 8th major content patch after 3.0. However, we are in the 3.0 phase with the 8th build for bug fixes... hence 3.0.8.
Vikings punter Chris Kluwe plays WoW {WoW}
Dec 30th 2008 4:21PM http://www.flying-hellfish.com/index.php?name=PNphpBB2&file=viewtopic&t=4445
That link leads to his guild application from a while back.
And according to his armory page, he is 80.
Dual spec update {WoW}
Nov 26th 2008 4:05PM A link to the actual post by GC would be nice.
The Care and Feeding of Warriors: Heavy {WoW}
Nov 21st 2008 4:20PM I have tried all three specs. I have a level 75 warrior at the moment. I feel that Arms is the best for leveling. I have very little downtime and I can lay waste to an entire room using Bladestorm. In the dungeons I have been running I can easily average 1.4k DPS as Arms and I am in mainly Kara/T4 gear with some Northrend upgrades. I think a lot of people blow off Arms as a PvP tree, when they should be looking at it as a viable leveling spec.
Sewer fishing for fun and profit (mostly fun) {WoW}
Oct 9th 2008 5:26PM Is there a fishing daily in Northrend? I leveled my fishing from 300 to 375 doing the daily in Outland. Picked up a couple "The 2 Ring"s as well. Would be nice to level from 375 to 450 doing dailies.
Not at BlizzCon? Enter to win a Tabard of Flame anyway {WoW}
Oct 9th 2008 5:22PM Enter me


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Grown Ups 2 is making the most noise at this year's Golden Raspberry Awards.
The silly comedy sequel about four childhood friends starring Adam Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock and David Spade led the Razzie lineup Tuesday with eight nominations, including worst picture, sequel, ensemble, screenplay, lead actor for Sandler, supporting actor for Taylor Lautner, supporting actress for Salma Hayek and director for Dennis Dugan. READ FULL STORY


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About the Veterans Success Center
Mission and Goals
Core Values
Contact Us & Office Hours
Staff and Student Leadership
Veterans Support Team
Mission and Goals
Sacramento State's Veterans Success Center provides multi-faceted assistance to prospective and enrolled
student veterans and dependents. Most notably, the center assists students in accessing their GI benefits,
completing the admission application process, and registering for courses. The center also helps students access
campus resources, get involved in leadership activities, and transition into the civilian work world.
- Ensure that VSC students receive all federal and state benefits in which they are entitled in a timely and accurate manner.
- Continually adapt to the needs of veteran students and refine practices as necessary to improve services they need.
- Provide a welcoming and inviting environment for veterans that will aid in their transition to college.
Core Values
The core values of the Veterans Success Center are Service, Community and Commitment.
Contact Us
The Veterans Success Center is located at Lassen Hall 3003.
Telephone: (916) 278-6733
Email: email@example.com
Office Hours
Monday - Friday, 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.
Staff and student leadership are key to the success of the VSC. The team members are dedicated staff, faculty and students who contribute in a variety of ways.
Staff and Student Leadership
Staff Support Team
Jeff Weston, Director
Jeff Weston is an Air Force veteran and first generation college graduate completing a BA in Government and a MA in Educational Leadership both from Sacramento State.
Availability: Call (916) 278-6733 for an appointment.
Mateo Avila, Veterans Admssions Counselor
Mateo has been working in student affairs for the last 10 years. His passion is helping all students obtain their educational goals. He earned a bachelor's degree from UC Berkeley in Legal Studies and a Law Degree from Santa Clara University School of Law.
Availability: Call (916) 278-6733 for an appointment.


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Get the Flash Video Player to see this video.
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I tend to be more attracted to guys older than me than younger than me. Recently while I was grocery shopping, I heard the song "Beauty and a beat" playing. And I was like "oh my goodness" who is this singer, he has the voice of an angel; he must be really popular. I was very surprised to find, when I came home, that it was Justin Bieber performing this song. (You know, for someone who's often labelled as "untalented", he really can sing). And then I started to listen to more of his songs, and found that I actually liked them. And imo, he's very attractive.
I googled his age and found out that he was 18, three years younger than me. I think this has to be the first time I've liked a guy younger than me. I've always found younger guys immature, and sort of babyish and unattractive.
What about you? And what are your thoughts and opinions on this?
All I need is beauty and a beat...


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President Obama's $3.834 trillion budget would cut taxes for a large portion of the American population, but at the same time, the proposals are designed to levy heavy taxes on large firms, banks and high-income individuals and families.
Here's a look at some of the Obama administration's tax proposals and how they would affect Americans:
The budget overall includes more than $140 billion in tax cuts "designed to ease the burdens that middle class families face in caring for children, paying for college, and saving for retirement," according to the administration's budget "Greenbook."
The White House is seeking to make permanent the tax cuts introduced by the Bush administration in 2001 and 2003, for individuals making less than $200,000 per year and families earning under $250,000.
The Obama administration is also proposing to extend the "Making Work Pay Tax Credit" from 2009 for one more year. As part of that tax credit, individuals will receive $400 and couples filing jointly $800 on their tax returns. The administration estimates that under the program, $37 billion of tax relief was provided to 110 million families. The credit was funded through the $787 billion stimulus program signed into law last February.
Yet at the same time, those in the tax bracket above that limit -- higher than $200,000 for individuals and $250,000 for families -- will see an automatic decrease in their paychecks as the tax cuts for that income group expire at the end of this year. The tax rates will rise for individuals, from 33 percent to 36 percent and for couples, from 35 percent to 36 percent.
"I think he [Obama] has a really good chance for it becoming law because it doesn't require any action on the part of Congress," said Tom Ochsenschlager, vice president of taxation for the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
The tax increase is expected to bring in about $678 billion for the government over the next 10 years.
"The sounds you hear are the sounds of hard choices being made," one senior administration official told reporters Monday. "There is going to be a reckoning. There is going to be a time when we as a country have to deal in a bipartisan way with bringing down our deficit."
The budget specifically includes $100 billion for temporary initiatives to spur job growth, infrastructure and clean energy.
The White House is calling for $33 billion in tax cuts to be included in the new jobs bill. It would give companies a $5,000 tax credit for each new worker they add in 2010. Officials say this move would benefit a million Americans.
"We recognize that while we have made progress on jobs we have not made enough," said White House communications director Dan Pfeiffer. "There are still one in ten Americans looking for work. The president certainly doesn't find that acceptable."
The nation's unemployment rate currently sits at 10 percent. When the jobs report for January is released Friday morning, most analysts expect it to show that the country's employers shed another 50,000 jobs from their payrolls.
Additionally, businesses that increase wages or hours for their current workers in 2010 would be reimbursed for the extra Social Security payroll taxes they would pay.


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Packed inside a high altitude sleeping bag in my tent, I was in a state of trance, partially asleep.
"Chalo ready ho jao sab, ek ghante mein hum Roopkund ke liye niklenge", I heard Dinesh (guide) shouting and blowing whistle. I switched on LED lamp and started searching for my cellphone, It was 3am and the temperature was around (-) 6 degree Celsius.
Few trekkers from other groups were all set to trek; I assumed it by listening to their activities while sitting inside my tent. I wasn't sure whether to join them for Roopkund and Junargali stretch or stay back with my friends. For nearly half an hour my brain and heart were arguing, thus leaving me totally confused. I even grabbed one of my shoes to go out but then I changed my mind and lied down.
Qadeer was suffering from severe headache, Monty got caught by AMS (Acute Mountain Sickness) and Mukesh wasn't sure whether he will return in one piece or not after climbing upto to Junargali.
I organized the trek and they joined me, how can I leave them alone at Baguabasa (4,300mts) camping site, I started consoling myself. After all if you are trekking in a team, you should stay as a team. I promised myself to have utmost fun this particular day so that even the slightest thought of missing out on Roopkund doesn't strike my mind. At 4am as they left I went back to sleep.
I was on unapproved leaves and to save one more day we started the journey from Delhi early in the morning on 23rd June. This was for the first time I was travelling from Delhi to Rishikesh in the morning and it wasn't worth it. Due to renovation at Kashmiri Gate, we had to take bus from Anand Vihar ISBT. We reached Rishikesh at around noon and then took a shared cab to Karnaprayag. This was for the first time Qadeer was trekking in Uttarakhand. I often tempted him by saying "Bas Rishikesh tak hai garmi uske baad toh thandi thandi hawa", but I didn't realise that summers were at its peak this time. After we crossed Rudraprayag it started raining heavily, eventually our bags got wet.
Our room at Karnaprayag looked more like a dhobi ghat when all of us hanged our clothes everywhere. Before coming for this trek I tried to contact people from Wan village and Lohajung but failed. The plan was already made so without any camping equipments we were travelling 500kms hoping that something will click at last moment.
Day 1 | The Long Day | Karnaprayag – Lohajung – Didana Village
Next morning we took cab from Karnaprayag to Tharali, then Tharali to Lohajung. While travelling in cab, Qadeer asked me which river is it. I started thinking. He taunted me "you have written content for eUttaranchal and you don't even know the name of the river". "Pindar River" I said and confirmed with the driver and voila I was right.
We reached Lohajung at 2pm. We started talking to shopkeepers for arranging a guide, porter, tent but nothing was working as per our needs. Qadeer was a bit worried because we have been travelling from past two days and still there was no sign of trekking.
Then luckily we got number of Narendra who helped us with all the arrangements. He said that he will reach Lohajung at around 5pm and then we will do night trekking to Didana Village. We reached Kuling in taxi and then started trekking at 6pm. The descend from Kuling to foot of the mountain is knee breaking which is followed by steep climb. By the time we reached the bridge at the foot of the mountain it already started getting dark.
The route is clearly visible with very less chance of getting lost. As it got darker the trek became for adventurous. I recalled memories from Rudranath trek (year 2008) when we walked final 2kms in complete darkness. In order to make the journey even more tough weather gods started showering us with rain. But finally we made upto Didana Village at 8:45 pm. After dinner we went to sleep in a local villager's house.
Day 2 | Beauty of Bugyals | Didana Village – Ali Bugyal – Bedni Bugyal
Next morning when we woke up there were approximately 40 trekkers moving here and there, exercising and eating. As soon as I came to know that they will also be trekking to Roopkund, I got a bit disappointed because I knew the feeling of isolation and trekking alone in the wilderness will be something that I will miss out on.
Some of them started asking us whether it was us who trekked at night to reach Didana and with a wide smile on face we nodded yes. They were good to hang around, most of them were Bangalorians. I wonder why they don't speak hindi, not even a single word. The trek started and we entered the forest. The soundtrack of Into The Wild was a big hit while trekking, it boosted other trekkers as well. I was complimented by other trekkers for my playlist, alas people with good taste of music.
Qadeer and I were way ahead but Monty and Mukesh were lagging behind. The insane side of Qadeer convinced me to walk through slippery and steep shortcuts to shorten the journey and making it more adventurous. Traversing through forests we reached the starting point of widespread Ali Bugyal. It was fun to pick wild strawberries as it reminded me of my Har ki Doon trek. Ali Bugyal is never ending. It is spread as far as our eyes could reach.
If you are planning to trek to Roopkund via Wan then make sure you visit Ali Bugyal as well, it is well worth it. Finally it was fun to click landscape photographs and Qadeer started enjoying mountain breeze. We waited for our partners at Ali Bugyal. Sadly they were last, ruining our reputation amongst other trekkers. From here on we trekked together.
Perched at an elevation of 3,354mts above sea level Ali Bugyal is an alpine meadow one must visit at least once in a lifetime. Even if you reach Ali Bugyal there still a long way to walk upto Bedni Bugyal, approximately 5kms.
I don't want to provide false information about the distance of the entire route because I was unsure about it. And I disagree with the distance mentioned on different blogs and websites. Anyways it doesn't matter how much you have walked just make your itinerary fixed with camp sites.
After crossing Ali Bugyal the route ascends to a ridge and the remaining route to Bedni Bugyal is followed by a descending trail. Bedni Bugyal is a beautiful camp site from where you get to see incredible views of Trishul Peak and Nanda Ghunti. Wild horses grazing at lush green meadows is a treat to watch. This is the point where you will get a water source, water is unavailable at Ali Bugyal (do carry it with yourself).
Bedni Kund was all dried up during this month. For capturing reflections of Trishul peak on Bedni Kund, plan your trek in August or September. However weather will be unpredictable during this time of the year, there are limitations to everything.
Day 3 | The Tiring Stretch and AMS | Bedni Bugyal – Patar Nauchani – Baguabasa
Next morning we started trekking upwards on an easy trail upto Ghora Lautani from thereon we had to trek on other side of the mountain. The wind grew thinner and clouds surrounded us. The route is easy upto Patar Nauchani. Patar Nauchani is also a gorgeous camp site but you have to be prepared to face cold wind. Next time when I visit this place, I will camp at Patar Nauchani for sure because it overlooks a virgin valley. After having maggi at Patar Nauchani we started the most difficult part of the trek – the steep climb upto Kalu Vinayak. This route is very tiring, it is important to take breaks frequently on this route. Climbing this steep route became more complicated when it started raining.
Kalu Vinayak is dedicated to Lord Ganesha and the idol kept here is carved out on black stone. Near Kalu Vinayak I saw ladies climbing on steep slopes of meadows trying to find something. After asking them I came to know that they are searching Keeda Jadi a rare kind of caterpillar mummified by a fungal infection found at altitudes between 3,000 and 5,000 metres in Himalayas. It is used in ayurvedic medicines.
The descending trail to Baguabasa is clearly visible from Kalu Vinayak. While walking on this rocky terrain you can see massive Trishul Peak, Roopkund ridge, Nanda Ghunti and splendid views of Himalayan Range. Baguabasa is perched at an elevation of 4,300mts above sea level on rocky surface. It is practically very challenging to camp in the high altitude of Roopkund, therefore Baguabasa acts as a base camp. The word Baguabasa literally suggests "abode of tiger".
We reached Baguabasa at around 2pm and started pitching tent. We couldn't eat much during lunch even though we were hungry, it might be the first sign of AMS, I thought. At around 4pm we went inside our sleeping bags to rest but as soon as we opened our eyes it was 6pm already, a sign which indicated our exhaustion. Later that evening I captured few landscape pictures and Himalayan peaks. Soon sunrays started piercing clouds turning the mountains into an enigmatic sphere. Baguabasa affords splendid views of the wide range of Himalayan peaks.
My trek buddies started feeling unwell due to AMS and the only way to cure it is to go to lower altitude. They made a plan to drop the idea of trekking to Roopkund and rather return back to Bedni Bugyal. Qadeer rightly said "Roopkund kahin nahi jaa raha, hum kuch saal baad bhi aayein toh Roopkund wahin rahega". I agreed with his point but I badly wanted to praise the view of Trishul Peak from Junargali. I slept with confused state of mind but next morning I decided to stay with my friends.
Day 4 | The Most Entertaining Day | Baguabasa – Bedni Bugyal
At 5am in the morning when I saw trekkers on their way to Roopkund, I prayed to mountains for inviting me another time to visit this heaven. Next time I will probably head all the way to Ronti Saddle and trek down to some other location (desire).
Few more trekkers from other group dropped the idea to visit Roopkund and there was another guy who returned back after an hour from halfway because his nose started bleeding. After breakfast we started trekking back to Bedni Bugyal. The clouds started hovering below us when we reached Kalu Vinayak. The both side of mountains range can be seen from Kalu Vinayak. Qadeer, Mukesh and I chose to trek through the ridge and it turned out to be one of the most special moments of the trek. We didn't knew where we are heading towards, just tricky slopes on the mountain top with bugyals on one side and rocky cliff on another.
We stopped by at a picturesque spot and started to shoot a music video. Pehla Nasha was the song that I played on speaker and Mukesh was dancing shirtless on alpine meadows. I still laugh while watching that video. I wondered how much happy I would be if I lived every day in such beautiful landscapes with nothing to do except praising nature.
Omelettes at Patar Nauchani were too good to resist, I was craving for omelettes from past few days. As soon as Bedni Bugyal came in sight we decided to walk the remaining distance barefooted on velvet meadows. Our feet finally started breathing after a long time. We were torturing them from past few days, surely a sign of relief for them.
After the round of maggi at Bedni Bugyal we started playing volleyball. At around 5pm trekkers from other group started reaching back to Bedni Bugyal. Their exhausted faces and fatigued bodies made us feel slightly happy about dropping the idea of visiting Roopkund.
While packing bag at home I was a bit reluctant whether to carry my tripod or not. My love for photographing nature in its truest form insisted me to carry tripod in the end but I could hardly take it out of my bag until this day.
Finally I got lucky, the sky was clear and stars were visible. At 9pm on that freezing night, I came outside my tent and set up my tripod to capture stars. There is no infinity (∞) mark on my 18-135mm lens so it was quite a task to set my focus at distant stars. So I focused on moon which acted as my infinity mark and then I started capturing the starry trails. The results weren't exceptional but it fascinated me as this was the first time I was doing night photography of stars. I was completely satisfied with my decision to take tripod on this trek.
Day 5 | The Way Back | Bedni Bugyal – Wan – Lohajung – Karnaprayag
Next morning we were the first to start trekking back to Wan village. Walking through short cut trails maintained the speed with porters helped us in descending down fast. At the foot of the mountain Monty and Mukesh enjoyed a refreshing bath in a stream. The route was steep for few kilometres hereon. Before reaching Wan while passing through the village we were greeted by several kids who ran towards us and screamed "namaste" – the cutest Namaste I ever heard.
Also we met a handsome dog, we named him "sexy". We reached Wan at noon and fed 'sexy' with biscuits and omelette. I wish he would have been our companion for the entire route, the journey would have been more fun then. We had to wait for other trekkers to drive in the cab to Lohajung. After changing cabs three times, we managed to reach Karnaprayag at night. Finally four 'asli pahadis' stepped back to the world of civilization.
Things that I learned in this trek
- If you are in a team, stay as a team. Or if anyone is unwell, do necessary arrangements for their health
- Move to low altitude if you are suffering from AMS
- Food is essential. We got weak because food provided wasn't good enough
- Trust your instincts
For more pictures: http://www.facebook.com/#!/media/set/?set=a.10150878913291148.398113.713221147&type=3