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Based on kernel version 3.16. Page generated on 2014-08-06 21:41 EST.
1 The tmscsim driver 2 ================== 3 4 1. Purpose and history 5 2. Installation 6 3. Features 7 4. Configuration via /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? 8 5. Configuration via boot/module params 9 6. Potential improvements 10 7. Bug reports, debugging and updates 11 8. Acknowledgements 12 9. Copyright 13 14 15 1. Purpose and history 16 ---------------------- 17 The tmscsim driver supports PCI SCSI Host Adapters based on the AM53C974 18 chip. AM53C974 based SCSI adapters include: 19 Tekram DC390, DC390T 20 Dawicontrol 2974 21 QLogic Fast! PCI Basic 22 some on-board adapters 23 (This is most probably not a complete list) 24 25 It has originally written by C.L. Huang from the Tekram corp. to support the 26 Tekram DC390(T) adapter. This is where the name comes from: tm = Tekram 27 scsi = SCSI driver, m = AMD (?) as opposed to w for the DC390W/U/F 28 (NCR53c8X5, X=2/7) driver. Yes, there was also a driver for the latter, 29 tmscsiw, which supported DC390W/U/F adapters. It's not maintained any more, 30 as the ncr53c8xx is perfectly supporting these adapters since some time. 31 32 The driver first appeared in April 1996, exclusively supported the DC390 33 and has been enhanced since then in various steps. In May 1998 support for 34 general AM53C974 based adapters and some possibilities to configure it were 35 added. The non-DC390 support works by assuming some values for the data 36 normally taken from the DC390 EEPROM. See below (chapter 5) for details. 37 38 When using the DC390, the configuration is still be done using the DC390 39 BIOS setup. The DC390 EEPROM is read and used by the driver, any boot or 40 module parameters (chapter 5) are ignored! However, you can change settings 41 dynamically, as described in chapter 4. 42 43 For a more detailed description of the driver's history, see the first lines 44 of tmscsim.c. 45 The numbering scheme isn't consistent. The first versions went from 1.00 to 46 1.12, then 1.20a to 1.20t. Finally I decided to use the ncr53c8xx scheme. So 47 the next revisions will be 2.0a to 2.0X (stable), 2.1a to 2.1X (experimental), 48 2.2a to 2.2X (stable, again) etc. (X = anything between a and z.) If I send 49 fixes to people for testing, I create intermediate versions with a digit 50 appended, e.g. 2.0c3. 51 52 53 2. Installation 54 --------------- 55 If you got any recent kernel with this driver and document included in 56 linux/drivers/scsi, you basically have to do nothing special to use this 57 driver. Of course you have to choose to compile SCSI support and DC390(T) 58 support into your kernel or as module when configuring your kernel for 59 compiling. 60 NEW: You may as well compile this module outside your kernel, using the 61 supplied Makefile. 62 63 If you got an old kernel (pre 2.1.127, pre 2.0.37p1) with an old version of 64 this driver: Get dc390-21125-20b.diff.gz or dc390-2036p21-20b1.diff.gz from 65 my web page and apply the patch. Apply further patches to upgrade to the 66 latest version of the driver. 67 68 If you want to do it manually, you should copy the files (dc390.h, 69 tmscsim.h, tmscsim.c, scsiiom.c and README.tmscsim) from this directory to 70 linux/drivers/scsi. You have to recompile your kernel/module of course. 71 72 You should apply the three patches included in dc390-120-kernel.diff 73 (Applying them: cd /usr/src; patch -p0 <~/dc390-120-kernel.diff) 74 The patches are against 2.1.125, so you might have to manually resolve 75 rejections when applying to another kernel version. 76 77 The patches will update the kernel startup code to allow boot parameters to 78 be passed to the driver, update the Documentation and finally offer you the 79 possibility to omit the non-DC390 parts of the driver. 80 (By selecting "Omit support for non DC390" you basically disable the 81 emulation of a DC390 EEPROM for non DC390 adapters. This saves a few bytes 82 of memory.) 83 84 If you got a very old kernel without the tmscsim driver (pre 2.0.31) 85 I recommend upgrading your kernel. However, if you don't want to, please 86 contact me to get the appropriate patches. 87 88 89 Upgrading a SCSI driver is always a delicate thing to do. The 2.0 driver has 90 proven stable on many systems, but it's still a good idea to take some 91 precautions. In an ideal world you would have a full backup of your disks. 92 The world isn't ideal and most people don't have full backups (me neither). 93 So take at least the following measures: 94 * make your kernel remount the FS read-only on detecting an error: 95 tune2fs -e remount-ro /dev/sd?? 96 * have copies of your SCSI disk's partition tables on some safe location: 97 dd if=/dev/sda of=/mnt/floppy/sda bs=512 count=1 98 or just print it with: 99 fdisk -l | lpr 100 * make sure you are able to boot Linux (e.g. from floppy disk using InitRD) 101 if your SCSI disk gets corrupted. You can use 102 ftp://student.physik.uni-dortmund.de/pub/linux/kernel/bootdisk.gz 103 104 One more warning: I used to overclock my PCI bus to 41.67 MHz. My Tekram 105 DC390F (Sym53c875) accepted this as well as my Millennium. But the Am53C974 106 produced errors and started to corrupt my disks. So don't do that! A 37.50 107 MHz PCI bus works for me, though, but I don't recommend using higher clocks 108 than the 33.33 MHz being in the PCI spec. 109 110 If you want to share the IRQ with another device and the driver refuses to 111 do so, you might succeed with changing the DC390_IRQ type in tmscsim.c to 112 IRQF_SHARED | IRQF_DISABLED. 113 114 115 3.Features 116 ---------- 117 - SCSI 118 * Tagged command queueing 119 * Sync speed up to 10 MHz 120 * Disconnection 121 * Multiple LUNs 122 123 - General / Linux interface 124 * Support for up to 4 AM53C974 adapters. 125 * DC390 EEPROM usage or boot/module params 126 * Information via cat /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? 127 * Dynamically configurable by writing to /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? 128 * Dynamic allocation of resources 129 * SMP support: Locking on io_request lock (Linux 2.1/2.2) or adapter 130 specific locks (Linux 2.5?) 131 * Uniform source code for Linux-2.x.y 132 * Support for dyn. addition/removal of devices via add/remove-single-device 133 (Try: echo "scsi add-single-device C B T U" >/proc/scsi/scsi 134 C = Controller, B = Bus, T = Target SCSI ID, U = Unit SCSI LUN.) 135 Use with care! 136 * Try to use the partition table for the determination of the mapping 137 138 139 4. Configuration via /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? 140 ----------------------------------------- 141 First of all look at the output of /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? by typing 142 cat /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? 143 The "?" should be replaced by the SCSI host number. (The shell might do this 144 for you.) 145 You will see some info regarding the adapter and, at the end, a listing of 146 the attached devices and their settings. 147 148 Here's an example: 149 garloff@kurt:/home/garloff > cat /proc/scsi/tmscsim/0 150 Tekram DC390/AM53C974 PCI SCSI Host Adapter, Driver Version 2.0e7 2000-11-28 151 SCSI Host Nr 1, AM53C974 Adapter Nr 0 152 IOPortBase 0xb000, IRQ 10 153 MaxID 8, MaxLUN 8, AdapterID 6, SelTimeout 250 ms, DelayReset 1 s 154 TagMaxNum 16, Status 0x00, ACBFlag 0x00, GlitchEater 24 ns 155 Statistics: Cmnds 1470165, Cmnds not sent directly 0, Out of SRB conds 0 156 Lost arbitrations 587, Sel. connected 0, Connected: No 157 Nr of attached devices: 4, Nr of DCBs: 4 158 Map of attached LUNs: 01 00 00 03 01 00 00 00 159 Idx ID LUN Prty Sync DsCn SndS TagQ NegoPeriod SyncSpeed SyncOffs MaxCmd 160 00 00 00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 100 ns 10.0 M 15 16 161 01 03 00 Yes Yes Yes Yes No 100 ns 10.0 M 15 01 162 02 03 01 Yes Yes Yes Yes No 100 ns 10.0 M 15 01 163 03 04 00 Yes Yes Yes Yes No 100 ns 10.0 M 15 01 164 165 Note that the settings MaxID and MaxLUN are not zero- but one-based, which 166 means that a setting MaxLUN=4, will result in the support of LUNs 0..3. This 167 is somehow inconvenient, but the way the mid-level SCSI code expects it to be. 168 169 ACB and DCB are acronyms for Adapter Control Block and Device Control Block. 170 These are data structures of the driver containing information about the 171 adapter and the connected SCSI devices respectively. 172 173 Idx is the device index (just a consecutive number for the driver), ID and 174 LUN are the SCSI ID and LUN, Prty means Parity checking, Sync synchronous 175 negotiation, DsCn Disconnection, SndS Send Start command on startup (not 176 used by the driver) and TagQ Tagged Command Queueing. NegoPeriod and 177 SyncSpeed are somehow redundant, because they are reciprocal values 178 (1 / 112 ns = 8.9 MHz). At least in theory. The driver is able to adjust the 179 NegoPeriod more accurate (4ns) than the SyncSpeed (1 / 25ns). I don't know 180 if certain devices will have problems with this discrepancy. Max. speed is 181 10 MHz corresp. to a min. NegoPeriod of 100 ns. 182 (The driver allows slightly higher speeds if the devices (Ultra SCSI) accept 183 it, but that's out of adapter spec, on your own risk and unlikely to improve 184 performance. You're likely to crash your disks.) 185 SyncOffs is the offset used for synchronous negotiations; max. is 15. 186 The last values are only shown, if Sync is enabled. (NegoPeriod is still 187 displayed in brackets to show the values which will be used after enabling 188 Sync.) 189 MaxCmd ist the number of commands (=tags) which can be processed at the same 190 time by the device. 191 192 If you want to change a setting, you can do that by writing to 193 /proc/scsi/tmscsim/?. Basically you have to imitate the output of driver. 194 (Don't use the brackets for NegoPeriod on Sync disabled devices.) 195 You don't have to care about capitalisation. The driver will accept space, 196 tab, comma, = and : as separators. 197 198 There are three kinds of changes: 199 200 (1) Change driver settings: 201 You type the names of the parameters and the params following it. 202 Example: 203 echo "MaxLUN=8 seltimeout 200" >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/0 204 205 Note that you can only change MaxID, MaxLUN, AdapterID, SelTimeOut, 206 TagMaxNum, ACBFlag, GlitchEater and DelayReset. Don't change ACBFlag 207 unless you want to see what happens, if the driver hangs. 208 209 (2) Change device settings: You write a config line to the driver. The Nr 210 must match the ID and LUN given. If you give "-" as parameter, it is 211 ignored and the corresponding setting won't be changed. 212 You can use "y" or "n" instead of "Yes" and "No" if you want to. 213 You don't need to specify a full line. The driver automatically performs 214 an INQUIRY on the device if necessary to check if it is capable to operate 215 with the given settings (Sync, TagQ). 216 Examples: 217 echo "0 0 0 y y y - y - 10 " >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/0 218 echo "3 5 0 y n y " >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/0 219 220 To give a short explanation of the first example: 221 The first three numbers, "0 0 0" (Device index 0, SCSI ID 0, SCSI LUN 0), 222 select the device to which the following parameters apply. Note that it 223 would be sufficient to use the index or both SCSI ID and LUN, but I chose 224 to require all three to have a syntax similar to the output. 225 The following "y y y - y" enables Parity checking, enables Synchronous 226 transfers, Disconnection, leaves Send Start (not used) untouched and 227 enables Tagged Command Queueing for the selected device. The "-" skips 228 the Negotiation Period setting but the "10" sets the max sync. speed to 229 10 MHz. It's useless to specify both NegoPeriod and SyncSpeed as 230 discussed above. The values used in this example will result in maximum 231 performance. 232 233 (3) Special commands: You can force a SCSI bus reset, an INQUIRY command, the 234 removal or the addition of a device's DCB and a SCSI register dump. 235 This is only used for debugging when you meet problems. The parameter of 236 the INQUIRY and REMOVE commands is the device index as shown by the 237 output of /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? in the device listing in the first column 238 (Idx). ADD takes the SCSI ID and LUN. 239 Examples: 240 echo "reset" >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/0 241 echo "inquiry 1" >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/0 242 echo "remove 2" >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/1 243 echo "add 2 3" >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/? 244 echo "dump" >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/0 245 246 Note that you will meet problems when you REMOVE a device's DCB with the 247 remove command if it contains partitions which are mounted. Only use it 248 after unmounting its partitions, telling the SCSI mid-level code to 249 remove it (scsi remove-single-device) and you really need a few bytes of 250 memory. 251 The ADD command allows you to configure a device before you tell the 252 mid-level code to try detection. 253 254 255 I'd suggest reviewing the output of /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? after changing 256 settings to see if everything changed as requested. 257 258 259 5. Configuration via boot/module parameters 260 ------------------------------------------- 261 With the DC390, the driver reads its EEPROM settings and tries to use them. 262 But you may want to override the settings prior to being able to change the 263 driver configuration via /proc/scsi/tmscsim/?. 264 If you do have another AM53C974 based adapter, that's even the only 265 possibility to adjust settings before you are able to write to the 266 /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? pseudo-file, e.g. if you want to use another 267 adapter ID than 7. 268 (BTW, the log message "DC390: No EEPROM found!" is normal without a DC390.) 269 For this purpose, you can pass options to the driver before it is initialised 270 by using kernel or module parameters. See lilo(8) or modprobe(1) manual 271 pages on how to pass params to the kernel or a module. 272 [NOTE: Formerly, it was not possible to override the EEPROM supplied 273 settings of the DC390 with cmd line parameters. This has changed since 274 2.0e7] 275 276 The syntax of the params is much shorter than the syntax of the /proc/... 277 interface. This makes it a little bit more difficult to use. However, long 278 parameter lines have the risk to be misinterpreted and the length of kernel 279 parameters is limited. 280 281 As the support for non-DC390 adapters works by simulating the values of the 282 DC390 EEPROM, the settings are given in a DC390 BIOS' way. 283 284 Here's the syntax: 285 tmscsim=AdaptID,SpdIdx,DevMode,AdaptMode,TaggedCmnds,DelayReset 286 287 Each of the parameters is a number, containing the described information: 288 289 * AdaptID: The SCSI ID of the host adapter. Must be in the range 0..7 290 Default is 7. 291 292 * SpdIdx: The index of the maximum speed as in the DC390 BIOS. The values 293 0..7 mean 10, 8.0, 6.7, 5.7, 5.0, 4.0, 3.1 and 2 MHz resp. Default is 294 0 (10.0 MHz). 295 296 * DevMode is a bit mapped value describing the per-device features. It 297 applies to all devices. (Sync, Disc and TagQ will only apply, if the 298 device supports it.) The meaning of the bits (* = default): 299 300 Bit Val(hex) Val(dec) Meaning 301 *0 0x01 1 Parity check 302 *1 0x02 2 Synchronous Negotiation 303 *2 0x04 4 Disconnection 304 *3 0x08 8 Send Start command on startup. (Not used) 305 *4 0x10 16 Tagged Command Queueing 306 307 As usual, the desired value is obtained by adding the wanted values. If 308 you want to enable all values, e.g., you would use 31(0x1f). Default is 31. 309 310 * AdaptMode is a bit mapped value describing the enabled adapter features. 311 312 Bit Val(hex) Val(dec) Meaning 313 *0 0x01 1 Support more than two drives. (Not used) 314 *1 0x02 2 Use DOS compatible mapping for HDs greater than 1GB. 315 *2 0x04 4 Reset SCSI Bus on startup. 316 *3 0x08 8 Active Negation: Improves SCSI Bus noise immunity. 317 4 0x10 16 Immediate return on BIOS seek command. (Not used) 318 (*)5 0x20 32 Check for LUNs >= 1. 319 320 The default for LUN Check depends on CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN. 321 322 * TaggedCmnds is a number indicating the maximum number of Tagged Commands. 323 It is the binary logarithm - 1 of the actual number. Max is 4 (32). 324 Value Number of Tagged Commands 325 0 2 326 1 4 327 2 8 328 *3 16 329 4 32 330 331 * DelayReset is the time in seconds (minus 0.5s), the adapter waits, after a 332 bus reset. Default is 1 (corresp. to 1.5s). 333 334 Example: 335 modprobe tmscsim tmscsim=6,2,31 336 would set the adapter ID to 6, max. speed to 6.7 MHz, enable all device 337 features and leave the adapter features, the number of Tagged Commands 338 and the Delay after a reset to the defaults. 339 340 As you can see, you don't need to specify all of the six params. 341 If you want values to be ignored (i.e. the EEprom settings or the defaults 342 will be used), you may pass -2 (not 0!) at the corresponding position. 343 344 The defaults (7,0,31,15,3,1) are aggressive to allow good performance. You 345 can use tmscsim=7,0,31,63,4,0 for maximum performance, if your SCSI chain 346 allows it. If you meet problems, you can use tmscsim=-1 which is a shortcut 347 for tmscsim=7,4,9,15,2,10. 348 349 350 6. Potential improvements 351 ------------------------- 352 Most of the intended work on the driver has been done. Here are a few ideas 353 to further improve its usability: 354 355 * Cleanly separate per-Target and per-LUN properties (DCB) 356 * More intelligent abort() routine 357 * Use new_eh code (Linux-2.1+) 358 * Have the mid-level (ML) code (and not the driver) handle more of the 359 various conditions. 360 * Command queueing in the driver: Eliminate Query list and use ML instead. 361 * More user friendly boot/module param syntax 362 363 Further investigation on these problems: 364 365 * Driver hangs with sync readcdda (xcdroast) (most probably VIA PCI error) 366 367 Known problems: 368 Please see http://www.garloff.de/kurt/linux/dc390/problems.html 369 370 * Changing the parameters of multi-lun by the tmscsim/? interface will 371 cause problems, cause these settings are mostly per Target and not per LUN 372 and should be updated accordingly. To be fixed for 2.0d24. 373 * CDRs (eg Yam CRW4416) not recognized, because some buggy devices don't 374 recover from a SCSI reset in time. Use a higher delay or don't issue 375 a SCSI bus reset on driver initialization. See problems page. 376 For the CRW4416S, this seems to be solved with firmware 1.0g (reported by 377 Jean-Yves Barbier). 378 * TEAC CD-532S not being recognized. (Works with 1.11). 379 * Scanners (eg. Astra UMAX 1220S) don't work: Disable Sync Negotiation. 380 If this does not help, try echo "INQUIRY t" >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/? (t 381 replaced by the dev index of your scanner). You may try to reset your SCSI 382 bus afterwards (echo "RESET" >/proc/scsi/tmscsim/?). 383 The problem seems to be solved as of 2.0d18, thanks to Andreas Rick. 384 * If there is a valid partition table, the driver will use it for determining 385 the mapping. If there's none, a reasonable mapping (Symbios-like) will be 386 assumed. Other operating systems may not like this mapping, though 387 it's consistent with the BIOS' behaviour. Old DC390 drivers ignored the 388 partition table and used a H/S = 64/32 or 255/63 translation. So if you 389 want to be compatible to those, use this old mapping when creating 390 partition tables. Even worse, on bootup the DC390 might complain if other 391 mappings are found, so auto rebooting may fail. 392 * In some situations, the driver will get stuck in an abort loop. This is a 393 bad interaction between the Mid-Layer of Linux' SCSI code and the driver. 394 Try to disable DsCn, if you meet this problem. Please contact me for 395 further debugging. 396 397 398 7. Bug reports, debugging and updates 399 ------------------------------------- 400 Whenever you have problems with the driver, you are invited to ask the 401 author for help. However, I'd suggest reading the docs and trying to solve 402 the problem yourself, first. 403 If you find something, which you believe to be a bug, please report it to me. 404 Please append the output of /proc/scsi/scsi, /proc/scsi/tmscsim/? and 405 maybe the DC390 log messages to the report. 406 407 Bug reports should be send to me (Kurt Garloff <firstname.lastname@example.com>) as well 408 as to the linux-scsi list (<email@example.com>), as sometimes bugs 409 are caused by the SCSI mid-level code. 410 411 I will ask you for some more details and probably I will also ask you to 412 enable some of the DEBUG options in the driver (tmscsim.c:DC390_DEBUGXXX 413 defines). The driver will produce some data for the syslog facility then. 414 Beware: If your syslog gets written to a SCSI disk connected to your 415 AM53C974, the logging might produce log output again, and you might end 416 having your box spending most of its time doing the logging. 417 418 The latest version of the driver can be found at: 419 http://www.garloff.de/kurt/linux/dc390/ 420 ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/garloff/linux/dc390/ 421 422 423 8. Acknowledgements 424 ------------------- 425 Thanks to Linus Torvalds, Alan Cox, the FSF people, the XFree86 team and 426 all the others for the wonderful OS and software. 427 Thanks to C.L. Huang and Philip Giang (Tekram) for the initial driver 428 release and support. 429 Thanks to Doug Ledford, Gérard Roudier for support with SCSI coding. 430 Thanks to a lot of people (espec. Chiaki Ishikawa, Andreas Haumer, Hubert 431 Tonneau) for intensively testing the driver (and even risking data loss 432 doing this during early revisions). 433 Recently, SuSE GmbH, Nuernberg, FRG, has been paying me for the driver 434 development and maintenance. Special thanks! 435 436 437 9. Copyright 438 ------------ 439 This driver is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 440 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 441 the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. 442 If you want to use any later version of the GNU GPL, you will probably 443 be allowed to, but you have to ask me and Tekram <email@example.com> 444 before. 445 446 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 447 Written by Kurt Garloff <firstname.lastname@example.com> 1998/06/11 448 Last updated 2000/11/28, driver revision 2.0e7 449 $Id: README.tmscsim,v 184.108.40.206 2000/12/20 01:07:12 garloff Exp $


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Local Sports
Maslin stays local, joins Bearcats
2/7/2014 (Updated 6:41:06 PM)
Whitney Point Golden Eagle Senior Emma Maslin has made her decision. If she were to announce it in an hour long network special, she might say "I'm not taking my talents anywhere." Maslin signed her National Letter of Intent Friday afternoon surrounded by family and friends, officially committing to play soccer for the Binghamton University Bearcats.While she says she was looking at Michigan and Boston College, the convenience of staying close to home was the decision maker.
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Few Voters Expected at Virginia Primaries
Originally posted on CBS DC:
RICHMOND, Va. (CBSDC/AP) — With the major party gubernatorial choices for this fall settled, a paltry turnout is expected Tuesday as Virginia Democrats pick their down-ballot nominees and nominations are decided for 11 contested House of Delegates seats.
Officials estimate as few as one percent of voters will cast ballots.
Republican Ken Cuccinelli and Democrat Terry McAuliffe are already nominees for governor, leaving the off-year primary without its marquee races.
Democrats choose between state Sen. Mark Herring and first-time candidate Justin Fairfax for attorney general, and between former Virginia and White House technology chief Aneesh Chopra and state Sen. Ralph Northam for lieutenant governor.
Among the House races, nine contests are Republican, and five of them are conservative challenges to GOP incumbents, including House Speaker Bill Howell.
All three Democratic races involve challenges to incumbent delegates.
Polls open at 6 a.m. and close at 7 p.m.
[cbs-audio url="http://cbswashington.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/voting.mp3″ size="normal" download="false"…
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But by the Eighties' end, James had fallen out of favor--and when he returned to the limelight in 1990, he did so only because rapper MC Hammer had used "Super Freak" as the basis for the wildly successful "U Can't Touch This." Although James was initially incensed by what he regarded as Hammer's piracy of his creation, he calmed down after he was rewarded a co-songwriting credit in an out-of-court settlement. But he remains torn over hip-hop's tendency to move into the future by borrowing from the past.
"It's very flattering when I hear young artists redo songs and sample," he says. "Financially, it's fantastic, and, of course, ego-wise and vanity-wise, it's really nice to hear someone do your stuff--so that's all good. But in another way, I wish that young rappers and samplers would take rap and hip-hop to another level, as opposed to them redoing 'Mary Jane' and 'Give It to Me Baby' and all that shit. It's fun what they do with it, but I just think if a lot of them would learn instruments and learn how that flow really goes, they could make hip-hop more than it is now.
"I think hip-hop is kind of drowning itself out," he continues. "It's getting very repetitive, because when you turn on a hip-hop station anymore, really what you're hearing are the greatest hits of funk artists--and I think that's insane. It's fucking bewildering to me."
On the other hand, James concedes, his drug-fueled descent makes perfect sense. "You've got to remember, I was doing cocaine and shit in the early Seventies all the way up to the Nineties, and most of that time is a blur. I remember all the adulation and the accolades and things like the Grammy awards [he was nominated for 1981's Street Songs but didn't win]. And I remember doing things like selling out three nights at the Spectrum in Philadelphia and then coming back and doing a stadium with 80,000 people in it. I remember those times, but I don't like to think about them, because even though they were great times, they were also times when I was really abusing drugs. And when I think about those times, I also think about how good it felt to be on cocaine and how I might like to go back and enjoy that again. And that's not something I want to do--because I know where it can lead."
A pair of incidents led to James's downfall. In July 1991, a woman named Francis Alley claimed that James burned her in the genital region with a hot knife and tried to force her to engage in oral sex with his then-lover/now-wife, Tanya Ann Hijazi, during a crack-smoking session. Mary Sauget, a fledgling performer, weighed in with equally explosive accusations in November 1992; she said that James and Hijazi prevented her from leaving a meeting gone wrong by slapping her until she lost consciousness. The charges ultimately directed against James were a nasty lot: false imprisonment, aggravated mayhem, torture, sale or transportation of a controlled substance and more, more, more. In the end, James accepted a deal from prosecutors and pleaded guilty to assault--and to this day, he swears that this crime is the only one he committed.
"The whole press coverage, the whole TV coverage, it was so exaggerated," he says. "I got in one fight with someone who had kicked my old lady in the stomach while she was pregnant, and I went ballistic on this person. And that was all there is--no more, no less. And I think anyone in the same situation would stand by their family. If someone kicks your wife in the stomach, then whoever it was would have an ass-kicking coming. That's the way I feel, and that's what it was. There was this one girl alleging kidnapping, but that was all lies, and I was never convicted of any of that. I was convicted of assault, and that did happen, and I did my time and that's behind me--and I like to leave it behind me. It's a dead issue. When I walked out of prison, that stayed in prison."
In James's opinion, the average person should be glad that many of the inmates he met during his three years in Folsom are still there as well. "There is a desperate need out there for prisons. I didn't always feel that way, but I do now. There are a lot of sons of bitches who should never get out." However, he adds, "there are a lot of them who should get out. I got into a couple of confrontations while I was there, but nothing I couldn't handle--and mostly what I felt was a blanket of love. The guys there treated me like a celebrity who was one of them, if you know what I mean. If I'd walked in there with a bad attitude, an uppity attitude, thinking I was better than everyone else, I probably would've gotten killed. But instead I walked in there as Rick, and they related to me through my music, because a lot of them had grown up on it and gone through changes, good and bad, on it. They related--and I related to them. In the end, it was a curse turned into a blessing. Prison is really what gave me life, and prison gave me enough time to think. It was more of a sabbatical, more of a time of spiritual revelation. Yes, it was bad, and yes, it's a terrible place, but I came out of it a better person."


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It's alright to have fun, it's alright to sing your heart out, and hey, it's also alright to get drunk!
Be drunk moderately, that is! Because you'd be needing all of your sense to be able to pull that camera out and click your shutter for a rumble worthy analogue photo!
And as we had the Love Unexpected December — Love Drunk rumble, we asked you happy fellas to submit your best Lomographs of celebration!
Here are our winners of 10 VTC Virginia is for Lovers camera. Cheers to more analogue fun~
Congratulations! :D


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It was the climax of two years of anticipation for Bradley Central High School's bowling team when they teamed up with Trousdale School for a recent game.
"We did this two years ago and I've been looking forward to it since the second day after we did it two years ago," Bradley Central junior Alec Norwood said. "They're super great people, always fun to be around."
Bowling coach Don Burke said bringing the schools back together started with the students.
"The first thing my bowling kids asked me ... was are we going to get to bowl with Trousdale?" Burke said.
Burke was already familiar with the school for adults with intellectual disabilities because he is friends with the founder.
Just like the inaugural game, the schools met at Leisure Time Bowling.
Students were divided into teams with the majority of them having two students from each school. Trousdale fitness teacher Leah Wilson and Burke worked together to select the teams.
"These are just beautiful people. I love them," Bradley Central senior Alia Rester said.
She said she enjoyed watching the Trousdale students get so excited when they did well.
"What I liked about today is that I made one spare and one strike in bowling," Trousdale student Adam Stein said.
Trousdale's Susan Turner was the top bowler for the day with a score of 189.
Turner said she enjoyed meeting students from Bradley Central High School, the school where the Trousdale musical was held this year.
"It's a fun place to be," Turner said.
Trousdale student Heather Collins said she enjoyed bowling with her friends, and had bowled well that day.
"It's been great," Collins said.
Each of the students, no matter what school they attended, enjoyed the bowling.
"I love the competition (of bowling)," Turner said.
She has also participated in the Special Olympics in bowling.
"I'm medically not able to do other sports, so this gives me something to keep me in shape," Norwood said.
He said bowling athletes often display true sportsmanship.
Dustin Crumbley said he enjoyed meeting students from another school and spending time with his friends from Trousdale while bowling.
"I love it," Crumbley said.
Many of the Trousdale students have been bowling for years.
"It's been awesome," Bradley Central junior Callie Morgan said. "I love working and bowling with them ... wish we could do it more than once a year."
The day was also special for Morgan because her sister, who has Down Syndrome, plans to attend Trousdale after high school.


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School District Survey In PA: Property Taxes To Keep Rising
06.06.14 |
Pennsylvania school officials estimate the cost of educating students will rise again this year, and they pledge more local property tax increases despite significant reductions in faculty, staff and resources.
That forecast was the result of the fourth annual survey of school district budgets from the Pennsylvania Association of School Administrators and the Pennsylvania Association of School Business Officials.
More than three-quarters of respondents said they plan property tax increases next year, the highest figure in five years. About 280 of the state's 500 school districts responded.
In Allegheny County, 25 school districts reported property tax increases between 2007 and 2014 ranging from a 2.1 percent bump for South Allegheny to a 32.8 percent rise in South Fayette, according to a study the Allegheny Institute for Public Policy released this week. Property tax rates in 16 local school districts fell during the same period.
"We approved a small increase, so we should be OK this year," said Beaver Area School District Superintendent John C. Hansen. "But we're probably being optimistic."
Budgets will remain tentative until state leaders cement the education budget. The deadline is July 1.
"Since it's an election year, we will probably get something close to (Gov. Tom Corbett's) proposal, but that doesn't bode well for the future," Hansen said. "It's all stopgap right now. If nothing changes in Harrisburg, it's going to cost everyone, especially the students."
School boards in Indiana County's Homer-Center and Monessen, Greater Latrobe and Norwin in Westmoreland County all passed or considered similar tax increases in the past month.
In 2010-11, the local tax burden accounted for an average of about 37 percent of school budgets statewide. Local residents this year shouldered an average of 45 percent of the total.
"Unfortunately, this year's survey results show that the landscape has not changed and the financial condition of school districts across the commonwealth continues to deteriorate," said Jim Buckheit, executive director of the Association of School Administrators.
Buckheit and others said the lackluster economy, reduced levels of state and federal funding, dramatically rising pension costs and other mandated fees are leading to cuts.
Total state spending rose from $4 billion to nearly $67 billion from 1970 to 2014, according to Nathan Benefield, vice president of policy analysis for the Commonwealth Foundation, a Harrisburg-based free market policy group.
"This decades-long spending pattern has placed an undue burden on the backs of state taxpayers," he said in February, just after Corbett proposed a $241 million bump in education spending. "Pennsylvania has the 10th-highest state and local tax burden in the nation. ... Unless we break this cycle, we threaten the prosperity of Pennsylvania families and generations yet to come."
About one in seven districts plans to furlough teachers. That means class sizes will increase, which has occurred in 64 percent of responding districts since 2010-11.
The survey shows that nearly 60 percent of school districts have furloughed staff since 2010-11; more than 40 percent of the furloughs affected classroom teachers. Seven in 10 districts have not filled positions vacant because of retirements and resignations, and about 25 percent of respondents reported ongoing hiring freezes.
The survey finds that cuts likely will affect 370 academic programs, including Advanced Placement courses, business education, dual enrollment, foreign languages, music, theater, online learning, physical education, kindergarten programs, special education, extracurriculars and athletic programs.
Schools have reported an additional 783 cuts to academic programs since 2010-11.
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News Breaker
Father-son duo team up on 700-pound Transylvania County wild hog
43496 Views - Posted: January 23 at 1:27 pm Jonathan Florence admitted that it was "pure luck", but neither he nor his father, Bruce, is about to downplay the hunt last Friday in Transylvania County that ended with Bruce Florence killing a 707 ½-pound wild hog he said could be best described with one word: buffalo. |
Huge Bertie County hog exceeds 500-pound mark
50516 Views - Posted: March 07, 2014 at 12:03 pm Under starry skies on Feb. 28, Jett Webb of Conetoe ensured there will be one less mouth to feed in the Indian Woods section of Bertie County – and a real big mouth, too. Webb took down a massive wild boar that bottomed out a set of scales certified to 500 pounds that's used for weighing tobacco bales. |
A foolproof way to stay high on the hog
921 Views - Posted: February 15, 2014 at 7:00 am North Carolina is one of a handful of states where hunting with hounds is a legal method to take wild game, and hunting hogs with dogs is the most-effective and foolproof way to provide the makings of a pig-picking. Hunting hogs with dogs is unlike any other hunting strategy that involves dogs. With most game species, hunters employ a dog or a group of dogs; each of the dogs participating will have the same duties. Hog hunters use two different types of dogs: a tracking or bay dog and a catch dog. |
Jail bait!
874 Views - Posted: February 15, 2014 at 7:00 am The explosion of wild hogs across North Carolina is a bittersweet occurrence. While they destroy natural habitats and compete with native species, they have offered hunters with a new animal to pursue — and they taste good, too. But traditional still-hunting and hunting with hounds are not the only ways to target them. Trapping can offer hunters an exciting and innovative way to fill the freezer. Evin Stanford, deer-project biologist for the N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission, endorses trapping hogs with little hesitation. |
Encounter with wild boar leaves Louisiana hunter in hospital
4388 Views - Posted: February 10, 2014 at 6:00 pm Chris Morris has been hunting Pearl River Wildlife Management Area outside Slidell, La., since he was 6 years old, and he killed his first hog there when he was 15. But none of that experience prepared him for his hunt Feb. 2, when a hog charged Morris and left him with serious wounds on his legs. "I never had anything remotely like this happen to me," Morris told LouisianaSportsman.com. |
Swine are divine!
2527 Views - Posted: February 01, 2014 at 7:00 am Even though North Carolina's deer season ended a month or so ago, big-game hunters looking for a different target can find plenty of action close to home with one of the meanest animals roaming the countryside, the wild hog. And one thing special about them is, hunters can utilize a wide range of creative tactics to bring home the bacon. Wild hogs, aka feral swine, are becoming abundant across the state. Nearly half of North Carolina's 100 counties have distinct populations, but hogs have not always been a part of the ecosystem. Not only was Christopher Columbus responsible for the discovery of America in the 15th century, he and other explorers are credited with introducing the first pigs to North American. Europeans brought supplies, including domestic animals, along to serve as food sources on their worldly travels, but it was April 1912 before the first wild hog stepped onto North Carolina soil. |
Wildlife Habitat Improvement Series: Twin Creeks Hunting Club
1031 Views - Posted: January 15, 2014 at 7:00 am Nestled between Big Fishing Creek and Little Fishing Creek in northeast North Carolina lies Twin Creeks Hunting Club. With more than 7,000 acres of swamps, timberland and a conglomeration of food plots under cultivation, Twin Creeks has the perfect mix of wilderness and prime wildlife habitat to produce a wide variety of game species. Beyond having a solid deer population, Twin Creeks has a huge flock of wild turkeys and just enough black bears for a member to fill a tag during the new season. But the whitetail deer reigns in these parts, and for good reason. |
Keep traps active for feral hogs
1037 Views - Posted: January 15, 2014 at 7:00 am Trapping wild hogs an effective method for filling up the freezer with fresh pork, but trappers can often have trouble coaxing hogs into traps during the summer and fall when food resources are readily available. However, as January arrives and deer season ends, most natural foods are gone and hogs are out on the prowl looking for something to eat; that makes trapping much more effective than any other time of year. |
Here, piggy, piggy, piggy
1009 Views - Posted: January 06, 2014 at 9:00 am The weather may seem very similar to December, but January is definitely a transitional month for outdoorsman around the Carolinas — especially the thousands of deer hunters out there. More hunters participate in deer season than all of the other game animals combined. But just because the season is over doesn't mean the deer rifle should be retired to the gun cabinet. Hunters can continue hunting, targeting a different quarry with large white tusks in the front and a pair of country hams bringing up the rear. |
The Warden
1161 Views - Posted: March 01, 2013 at 7:00 am The Warden from Sportsmans Communications is a remote trap monitor that sends a satellite-based message to the owner via email and/or text that the trap has been sprung. The notification even includes the trap location and the time it was triggered. This small battery powered device is inexpensive to purchase, easy to install and saves time in monitoring. A magnetic sensor cable and mounting bracket are included. |
A big-bore revolver hog hunt
1406 Views - Posted: January 28, 2013 at 9:00 am I was sitting on an East Texas pipeline, cradling my 7 1/2-inch Ruger Super Redhawk in my lap, watching a pile of corn that had been scattered about the area and trampled with hundreds of hog tracks. My hand cannon was stuffed with 335-grain hard-cast bullets in .454 Casull, a potent enough load in itself, but this went the extra step. These rounds were manufactured by Cor-Bon a company that found its niche in the ammunition market by producing ammo that pushed the envelope. |
Commission moves toward opening more opportunities to take hogs, coyotes
3412 Views - Posted: May 03, 2012 at 11:19 am The N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission took a step toward implementing a rule Thursday that allows for the taking of coyotes and feral swine by hunting on private lands at night with a light. The rule would also allow the hunting of feral swine and coyotes on public lands from ½ hour after sunset to ½ before sunrise with a light by permit only. Night hunting is one means of controlling localized populations of coyotes and feral swine, both of which are non-native to North Carolina and destructive to the landscape. |


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We are building a new home that is a replica of a late 1800 farmhouse. The building material is a product called "faswall" or a recycled wood chip product in a concrete slurry, lined with mineral wool, stacked over rebar, and filled with a concrete pour: We are also building a healthy home, with breathable walls... the question I have is ARE EXPANSION JOINTS NECESSARY? Our lime plasterer is quite young, although experienced, and I just don't want to do the expansion joints unless absolutely necessary b/c they are apparently visible. Please share your expertise with me :) |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by Brian-the-Architect (My Page) on Tue, Sep 4, 12 at 19:23
What is the square footage of the wall that the expansion joint is being called for? Are you sure its an expansion joint (which would go all the way through the wall, including through the faswall), or a control joint (which just goes through the stucco/finish)? I'd say that there would be no need for expansion joints, and likely no need for control joints unless the wall is abnormally large and unbroken (no window/door openings). Something like 20 lin. ft. or 300 sqft. between openings would be okay without a control joint. |
- Posted by virgilcarter (My Page) on Wed, Sep 5, 12 at 23:00
Lime plaster? I don't remember all I probably should, but isn't lime plaster less durable than cement plaster? Is there a special reason to use lime plaster? You will not be able to tell the difference visually. But if you have any sort of extreme weather conditions the lime plaster may not be as durable. I'd do some checking before doing lime plaster. |
It is our understanding that lime plaster is very durable, if the application is done properly -- as it cures back to its original form: limestone. Using lime plaster is a decision we made based upon using traditional materials that have withstood time in Eastern Europe, in a climate close to our own in Oregon. We recognize the cement plaster has its benefits, but the house is being built based upon healthy home specifications, and whenever possible, we are opting to choose traditional, organic materials. Thanks for your thoughts. |
" we are opting to choose traditional, organic materials" Portland cement is just as "traditional" (think ancient Rome) and "organic" (dig rock form earth, grind to powder and dry) as limestone. |
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"American Business Can Compete and Win Anywhere:" GE CEO Jeff Immelt Kicked Off A DC Summit Focused on U.S. Manufacturing, Innovation, Jobs and Trade
This morning, GE Chairman and CEO Jeff Immelt launched a four-day American competitiveness summit in Washington, DC. The event will be focused on U.S. manufacturing, job creation, innovation, trade and veterans. GE used the opening day to announce a number of programs addressing skills training, workforce preparedness, affordable healthcare, and plans to hire veterans. Top business and political leaders attending the event include House Speaker John Boehner, Secretary of Veterans Affairs General Gary Shinseki, and Boeing CEO Jim McNerney.
Read more at GE Reports. To view the video live please visit C-SPAN2. For an overview of each panel see Washington Post Live.
02/13/2012 06:30 pm Posted by Bret Wyont
Good afternoon, with your announcement of hiring veterans program, please consider Archer Technologies International Inc. for your out source manufacturing requirements. We are a 100% SDVOSB, Native American owned, HUBZone certified , Small Disadvantaged Business. Please forward this contact info to the GE Supplier Diversity program to contact me. Thanks, Bret Wyont, 801-721-2424
02/14/2012 09:26 am Posted by GE Careers
Hi Bret,
To submit your business as a diverse supplier please visit http://www.gecitizenship.com/our-commitment-areas/our-suppliers/supplier-diversity/
Thank you for all your work on this important initiative!
02/16/2012 04:11 pm Posted by Remo Nogueira
Hello, I am retired from Venezuelan Army and I Worked as part of USAF in Lackland AFB, (liutenant colonel, now 42) actually I studied as Aeronautical Logistic Supply Officer there because I was army pilot (fixed wing), I am economist with MBA too and I´m living in Mason, Ohio, as permanent US resident, since 2010. I would like to know if you have some job offer near here in order to apply.
Thank you so much.RGNA,
02/17/2012 10:05 am Posted by James ozechoski
I am a recently hon discharged combat vet.Where do I send a resume to ge.I live in erie,pa.Thankyou for your help
02/17/2012 03:58 pm Posted by GE Careers
Hi Remo,
For OH-based jobs please see http://jobs.gecareers.com/search?q=&filter=true&locale=en_US&location=OH%2C+United+States
Good luck!
02/17/2012 04:02 pm Posted by GE Careers
Hi James,
To apply please visit http://www.ge.com/veterans. For Erie jobs please see http://jobs.gecareers.com/search?q=&filter=true&locale=en_US&location=erie%2C+PA
Thank you for your service!
02/18/2012 07:53 am Posted by adow
Could you tell me what's going to happen to the lynn gear plant they rip it down gp2 I you have built something that will be use for GE could you send me an answer please
02/21/2012 12:31 pm Posted by GE Careers
Hi Adow,
Your question is beyond the realm of this blog. Please feel free to ask your question at http://www.ge.com/news/contacts/index.html
Good luck!


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Making A Racquet
ADT Live Music Stage at the Delray Beach Open by The Venetian® Las Vegas
The Delray Beach Open by The Venetian would like to thank our friends at ADT for supporting local artists and the tournament's live music main stage; the Arts Garage for their mentoring, growing and sharing Delray Beach's amazing local talent and the artists who performed throughout the week, giving fans world-class entertainment on and off the courts. We look forward to what the future brings you.
Arts Garage Rock Band
Bill Muter
DJ Johnny D
Doug Carter
Drew Tucker
Mike Mineo
Pivotal Spark


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Wall Treatments: Say it with Stripes
Call your rooms to attention with the most orderly pattern in town, chic striped walls
By Mitchell Owens
Patterns give any room a graphic punch, but few do it more boldly than stripestheyre clean, crisp, simple, and effortlessly glam. The only decisions you need to make are vertical versus horizontal, wide versus narrow, colorful versus muted, and hand-painted versus wallpaper. Still need some guidance? The great American decorator Dorothy Draper once proclaimed, The wider the stripe . . . the smarter the effect, and she made the pattern her stylistic leitmotif by striping walls with painted parallel lines eight inches to one foot in span. If thats too bold for the room you are decorating, consider narrow mattress-ticking stripes, which are a modest but still-chic option. You can choose awning stripes, candy stripes, pinstripes, and stripe sequences that alternate between wide and narrow. The possibilities are endless, so weve narrowed down our inspirational ideas to 13 striped spaces that are absolutely sensational.
Plus, get ideas for decorating with stripes and see our roundup of chic striped home decor.


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New Revised Standard (NRS) | New International Version (NIV) |
1 For everything there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven: | 1 There is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under heaven: |
2 a time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted; | 2 a time to be born and a time to die, a time to plant and a time to uproot, |
3 a time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; | 3 a time to kill and a time to heal, a time to tear down and a time to build, |
4 a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; | 4 a time to weep and a time to laugh, a time to mourn and a time to dance, |
5 a time to throw away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; | 5 a time to scatter stones and a time to gather them, a time to embrace and a time to refrain, |
6 a time to seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to throw away; | 6 a time to search and a time to give up, a time to keep and a time to throw away, |
7 a time to tear, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; | 7 a time to tear and a time to mend, a time to be silent and a time to speak, |
8 a time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace. | 8 a time to love and a time to hate, a time for war and a time for peace. |
9 What gain have the workers from their toil? | 9 What does the worker gain from his toil? |
10 I have seen the business that God has given to everyone to be busy with. | 10 I have seen the burden God has laid on men. |
11 He has made everything suitable for its time; moreover he has put a sense of past and future into their minds, yet they cannot find out what God has done from the beginning to the end. | 11 He has made everything beautiful in its time. He has also set eternity in the hearts of men; yet they cannot fathom what God has done from beginning to end. |
12 I know that there is nothing better for them than to be happy and enjoy themselves as long as they live; | 12 I know that there is nothing better for men than to be happy and do good while they live. |
13 moreover, it is God's gift that all should eat and drink and take pleasure in all their toil. | 13 That everyone may eat and drink, and find satisfaction in all his toil--this is the gift of God. |
14 I know that whatever God does endures forever; nothing can be added to it, nor anything taken from it; God has done this, so that all should stand in awe before him. | 14 I know that everything God does will endure forever; nothing can be added to it and nothing taken from it. God does it so that men will revere him. |
15 That which is, already has been; that which is to be, already is; and God seeks out what has gone by. | 15 Whatever is has already been, and what will be has been before; and God will call the past to account. |
New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. (New Revised Standard Bible Version Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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Martin A. Dale '53 Fellowship
The Martin A. Dale '53 Fellowship enables an outstanding Princeton senior to devote the year following graduation to an independent project of extraordinary merit that will widen the recipient's experience of the world and significantly enhance his or her personal growth and intellectual development. The fellowship embodies the conviction of its donor, Martin A. Dale '53, of the transformative potential of a year-long project of focused effort and self-discovery before a new graduate embarks on the next major phase of life and career.
The Dale Fellowship provides a grant of $33,000 to a current Princeton senior, which becomes available as early as July 1 following graduation; the fellow must begin his or her project no later than September 1 of the same year. One half of the grant is normally paid at the inception of the fellowship, the other half midway through the fellowship year. (The grant is taxable and must be reported by the recipient as regular income.)


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Othello Tunnels Hope BC
Taken by akula with a Canon EOS 300 loaded with Lomography Lomochrome Purple XR 100-400 (35mm) film in Langley, Canada. These tags describe this photo: corn, farm, aldergrove, bowling, victoria, hope, tunnels, othello, 300, eos, canaon, purple, and lomochome. Date: 2013-09-21. This photo can also be found in the album Chrome Trees and Tunnels in Purple .Please login to get more out of this site
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Cool. Were they old Rail Road tunnels?


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
Find a pet to adopt |
My name is Tinkerbell!
Facts about Tinkerbell
- Breed: Chihuahua Mix
- Color: Tan/Yellow/Fawn - With White
- Age: Puppy
- Size: Small 25 lbs (11 kg) or less
- Sex: Female
Tinkerbell's Info...
I am already spayed, up to date with shots, good with kids, and good with dogs.
Tinkerbelle-Chihuahua mix female puppy Jan. 2013
Tinkerbelle is a beautiful Chihuahua mix female puppy, about 10-12 weeks old in mid-January, 2013.
Tinkerbelle and her 2 brothers were left as 6 week old puppies in a high kill rural Shelter. Tinkerbelle
had an injury to her eye, possibly from her brothers rough housing with her. She has loss some site in that eye but it doesn't slow her down a bit. This little girl is full of fire and fun. She's playful and will make a wonderful friend to you. Her adoption fee is $275 to help cover the medical expenses of getting ready for adoption.
For more information or our online adoption application, please email email@example.com
Include your location and a phone number for future communication.
Other Pets at Rescue BC
Why Adoption is a Great Option
Tinkerbell, a Germantown Chihuahua puppy was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Chihuahua for sale in Germantown, or seeking a Chihuahua puppy from a breeder in Germantown.
- Rescues and shelter volunteers in Germantown already know the personality and tendencies of their pets. This means they can match you with the right pet. That will makes it much easier transition to owning a pet for yourself and your new pet.
- On average adoption fees are much less than you'd pay a Germantown breeder, or pet store. Plus most often rescue pets have already been to the veterinarian for a check-up, had a round of vaccinations, and are spayed or neutered. That is a lot of savings!
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I usually haunt the African Violet forum but am coming over here to get enlightened about color temperature. Most African Violet growers including myself use one fluorescent tube each of warm white (3000K) and cool white (~4100K), which is generally standard in the world of AVs. Until recently I had mistakenly thought that warm white and daylight bulbs (5000/6500K) were the same thing and apparently they aren't (and that daylight is actually closer to cool white). Because daylight bulbs are similar to natural sunlight (~5000K), why wouldn't growers use daylight tubes exclusively instead of continuing to mix a warm and cool tubes? Thanks |
Follow-Up Postings:
In my opinion (I might be wrong`I'm not an expert) people who use warm 3000K bulbs just use them because most continue to pass on misinformation that you need warm tubes in order for plants to flower. I use only 6500K tubes and my plants are flowering and fruiting just fine. Maybe someone already experimented to see the difference in plant growth between 3000K and 6500K and it would be nice the results but my bet is that 6500K will do much better job than the warm bulbs. The only reason why I might see using warmer bulbs is for appearance of plants. Under 6500K you loose your red and green appearance. Since they are flowers obviously appearance is very important when you look at them. That's my theory |
Hi ultra_violet, I tend to agree with slimak (but I'm no expert either). I think a lot of what us gardeners do is done because of what we've heard or read that other seemingly successful gardeners have done in the past. Most of it seems to work pretty good, but we really need to try doing a little experimenting on our own to see if there's a better way that works for us. In the past, I've read about many gardeners who mix one cool white and one warm white bulb (mostly because someone suggested that to them) to provide a wide spectrum of light for their plants. However, looking at the visible spectrum graphs for some of the newer fluorescent bulbs available to us these days, it does seem that many of them can indeed provide a light spectrum similar to that of the sun. Personally, I use T8, 6500K bulbs with great success. Since I only grow flower seedlings (until they're large enough to transplant outside), I'm really only interested in vegetative growth. However, sometimes if the weather delays the transplanting I've had plants start to bloom before I could get them out :-) If I really wanted the plants to flower, I think I'd use 5000K bulbs. Those bulbs have a much better balance of blue and red light. Hope this is helpful, Art |
I am also using the same T8, 6500k bulbs in 48" shop light. This is the most economical choice(me thinks). The fixture + bulbs cost about $21. The 6500K bullbs(Philips Daylight Deluxe) costs a little more but probably is a better choice. I have two sets but right now I am using one for test growth. At 32W per bulb , 64w for two, if consumes about ONE kilo watt per 16 hours. It can accommodate about 24 small 3.5" pots. Combining two of them I have more than enough space to grow seedling for all my early spring planting. |
Furthermore I simply believe that Iight spectrum has no real effect on flowering and it's not a trigger. When and why does a plant flower ? As far as I know is because it's first of all mature enough to do so. I haven't had any seedlings flower even though they are in the same environment as more mature plants that are flowering. Secondly, plants flower when they sense they will die soon. That's the whole point of flowering so they could grow seeds and reproduce. I've noticed this to be true. Changes in temperature played a big role in my lettuce for example. When the temps got up to 85 degrees they bolted and created seeds. Size of pots mattered when it came to my tomatoes. I started Tiny tims at the same time. I transplanted one into a one gallon pot and the other stayed in a 4" smaller pot. Obviously later there was a difference in plant size but what happened was that the plant in smaller pot flowered faster than the one in the bigger pot. So I come to a conclusion that the root constraint in the 4" pot triggered faster flowering. In both cases plants sensed that "this is it guys, we're going to be compost soon! " and they hurried to create flowers so they could reproduce. Different varieties have different triggers but at the end I don't believe that light spectrum is one of them. Light spectrum has more to do with growth of the plant. As you most likely know plants prefer to absorb certain wavelengths of light to drive photosynthesis, 600-700 nm on the red end and 400-500 on the blue end mostly. Since photons of blue light have more energy than red light it simply drives photosynthesis better. More fuel more production. I don't remember but I think the T5ho 3000K fluorescent tubes peak at 610nm which is just at the bottom of the slope of most benefitial red light spectrum so that's why I think that it's a waste of money to try to use them. I can't find the PAR peaks for the 6500K tube but I know that it's in the sweet spot of the blues for plants. If the 3000K light produces light that the plant doesn't really use than why have there in the first place. As far as using 5000K compared to 6500K tubes I don't really know which is better since I haven't use the 5000Ks but I assume that 6500K has more peaks on the blue scale therefore delivers more usable photons to the plants but that's just an quick assumption and not an experiment conclusion. Either way I suggest you just experiment with different bulbs, make notes and come to your own conclusions what works better. There is just so much misinformation on the subject in my opinion and people repeat it over and over again that it's best just to try things out and see what works best . Manufacturers and retailers are there to make money so just keep that in mind too. Sorry about the long post |
I do understand what you're saying about different brands using different emission patterns. However, overall doesn't a 3000K bulb have to peak more in the red spectrum in order to produce this color? As seen in the link below, the GEs 3000K bulb peak more in the orange range more than blue spectrum and the 6500K is opposite of that: http://www.gelighting.com/LightingWeb/na/images/28345_Starcoat_T5_Ecolux_tcm201-21063.pdf Either way I believe that there are still discoveries to be made about how plants grow and what causes certain behaviors. I just read this and totally confused my self :) http://www.heliospectra.com/sites/www.heliospectra.com/files/field_page_attachments/what_light_do_plants_need_2012-10-05.pdf I think it's impossible to replicate what the sun is doing and the plants do grow differently without experiencing all the wavelengths of light that the sun produces. Simple example is lettuce. If you grow them outside they lettuce leaf is thick and it takes a while for it to wilt after harvest. Lettuce grown under the lights is flimsy and it takes only few minutes for it to wilt. My guess is that the UV and IR rays do cause the plants to grow tougher somehow and overall all spectrum of light is beneficial to a certain extent. The evolution of plants took who knows how long and they adapted for sure to what the sun throws at them further make best use of it. Isolating certain wavelengths and saying that plants need only them to grow , in my opinion is nonsense. I'm not a scientist but I don't believe that we are so advanced and knowledgeable on the subject yet to call these theories facts. That's why I'm a proponent of try and see what happens approach because who knows maybe one of us will some day stumble onto a discovery :) LOL and will revolutionize the horticulture industry! Indoor growing is relatively new so I'm sure there will be new and better ways in the future. |
Wanted to reply while I had the time. I will 'try' to stay on subject and not get long winded. So on that note... but first and foremost: I am not a lighting "expert" by any means. The best definition I've heard for 'expert' is from a friend who is a water professional, introduced as an 'expert' witness at a court hearing. He stated to the judge that there is no such thing as an expert because an expert realizes they don't know everything about their so-called expertise and that there is something new to learn everyday. After the hearing concluded, he uttered the following to me: "Expert, huh? An expert is someone who knows how to perform sex a thousand different ways but has no one to perform it with." I agree with you slimak... there is nothing in the artificial lighting world that matches sunlight. Most indoor gardening involves replicating the sunlight as best we can, using lights with values that are believed to be (or have proven to be) the most beneficial for growing plants. Regardless of the type of light and/or technology used, it all boils down to how our plants respond to the light we provide. Stating what the best light bulb, or light fixture, to use is like opening up a can of worms ~ full of differing opinions, debate, agreement and contention. You are on the right track regarding 3000k and more of the red spectrum wavelengths associated with that Kelvin temperature. From what I understand (for what it is worth), there is a visible human light region and a useable plant light region. Our eyes cannot detect many light wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum ('ultraviolet' bluer than blue with wavelengths too short to see, and 'infrared' redder than red with wavelengths too long to see). Kelvin is simply how the color of light looks to our eyes, human vision. It's pretty much accepted that the baseline spectral curve needed by most (but not all) plants covers the 400-700nm range [400-520nm vegetative, 610-700nm flowering, 520-610 cartenoid]. Can anyone say with certainty that a light emitting 610-700nm would be the best for flowering, when adding a higher percentage of 400-520nm & 520-610nm to the mix could develop better flowering? Or that a light emitting 400-520 nm is best for vegetation, when adding a higher percentage of 610-700nm & 520-610nm to the mix could produce better vegetation? I also agree with you about plants adapting to light (heck yes, plants will adapt and grow without isolating/adding/subtracting certain wavelengths). Bottom line: what ever light works favorably for you and your plants is the "right" light to use. Personally (through experience, and from doing my own tests) spectrum, not Kelvin, has proved to be more favorable for my plants, but hey: that's just my opinion. |
- Posted by ultra_violet (My Page) on Mon, Dec 9, 13 at 9:38
Everyone here is more 'expert' than me. Thanks to you all for your input, giving me the scoop on the 'how' as well as the 'why'. When I first started out with African violets, a light bulb was just a light bulb was just a light bulb to me. And then I adopted one warm and one cool b/c that seemed like the thing everyone was doing. And recently I stumbled upon color temperature. And now I'm in deep: CRI, spectrum, nm, lumens, foot candles, T5 vs T8 vs T12.... I'm printing out this thread to read and digest in bits as reading stats and technical info on screen is making my eyes cross :) I think I will try using 6500K exclusively for a while since I already have some and like you all suggested see what happens. And then I will try mixing daylight with warm white to compare. Hitherto my knowledge of the love affair b/w light and chloroplasts was limited to The Magic School Bus television show that the kids watch. Thanks again, I think my African violet hobby is going to a new level. @o2tiller: Your Tillandsia are very neat, good to know you've found the right lightening for your growing conditions! |
This post was edited by ultra_violet on Mon, Dec 9, 13 at 18:44
Thanks for the compliment, ultra_violet. Let us know your conclusions and how it turns out. Enjoyed seeing your reference to The Magic School Bus, it put a smile on my face. Although a completely different scenario in the late 60's & early 70's, I started thinking about my 'magic school bus' days... it was definitely an unusual experience involving light! |
here is a nice article that explains how Fluorescent lamps work http://home.howstuffworks.com/fluorescent-lamp.htm now I get the whole picture :) |
- Posted by ultra_violet (My Page) on Mon, Dec 9, 13 at 19:28
@seysonn: May I ask what brand of shop light fixture you use? It sounds very economical and functional. @o2tiller: I didn't realize that Tillandsia is commonly called the Air Plant b/c all the ones I've ever encountered in-passing have never been in bloom and looked rather sad and neglected in the store. But wow! Your Tillandsia are stunning. @slimak: Just a preliminary skim through that article has left my eyes permanently crossed :) It takes me time to digest technical info. |
Ultra, I bought my shop lights from HD. The brand Name is: COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC., just made for HD. part number : 201-462; cost : $12 +?. bulbs not included. comes wired, with cord and hanging chains. just install your bulbs. |
For those of you whom may be interested, the University of Colorado has produced many simulations for educational purposes. Those related to physics can be found at http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics Go there and click on the "Blackbody Spectrum" icon; then click on "Run Now" to run the simulation. The sim allows you to set any kelvin temperature you want (use the slider or just type it in) and observe the wavelength and intensity of the spectrum curve. As you change the temperature, you'll also see (top of the sim) the resulting color that our eyes would see at that particular temperature. Use the plus or minus buttons on the left to keep your curve on the visible part of the spectrum. The simulation is only accurate for blackbody radiators, such as incandescent bulbs. Fluorescent tubes don't create light by heating, so they're not blackbody radiators. However, the higher the Color Rendering Index (CRI) of a fluorescent tube, the closer it's color spectrum would be to that shown by the simulation. So it can still be interesting and helpful. Take a look at it, I think you'll find it interesting. You can even download it to your computer if you can read .jar files. Art |
This post was edited by art33 on Tue, Dec 10, 13 at 13:49
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XXC Magazine Round & Red Sticker Pack
Simple. Round. Red. White. Sticky. These are the words that describe the XXC Magazine sticker. You can get three 3″ round stickers AND a digital copy of the latest XXC Magazine for just $3.00. + $1 S/H.
XXC Magazine "Fun Hurts" Sticker Pack
This is the red and white sticky backed version of our original XXC Magazine "Fun Hurts" T-Shirt. These stickers look perfect on the back of the family truckster, right between (or over) the "Mom's Taxi" sticker and that Kerry/Edwards '04 decal you've tried like hell to get scraped off. Pack includes two 2″ x 6″ Fun Hurts stickers, one 3″ x 3″ red logo sticker and a digital copy of the latest issue of XXC Magazine. All for just $3.00. + $1 S/H.


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Using trigger tools to review medical charts helps identify adverse dr
Research Activities, December 2009, No. 352
Using trigger tools to review medical charts helps identify adverse drug events among older adults
Chart review is one way to estimate adverse drug events (ADEs), which are common among older adults. However, using "trigger tools" can improve the identification of ADEs and make the chart review process more efficient and standardized, suggests a new study. A trigger tool uses a set of screening criteria that includes identifying certain words or medical results in charts that may point to an ADE. Such charts are then pulled for additional study and analysis to confirm that an ADE took place.
In this study, 1,289 charts were reviewed at 6 ambulatory primary care practices during a 1-year period. A trigger tool, previously used on ambulatory older adults, was used. This included items under such headings as drug levels, diagnoses, laboratory results, and treatments. The researchers then added several new triggers, including emergency room visit, unplanned hospitalization, an abrupt medication stop, and death for a total of 39 items. Upon careful review, half of the charts (645) contained one or more triggers. From this group, a random sample of 383 charts was selected for additional review. This group of charts contained a total of 908 triggers, 232 of which were determined to represent ADEs. Among these identified ADEs, the researchers concluded that 92 of them could have been prevented. These preventable ADEs most often occurred during the prescribing or administration of medications. Thirty percent of these were deemed severe, resulting in hospitalization, permanent disability, or death.
Common triggers were medication stops, hospitalizations, and emergency room visits. Nine triggers were identified as having the highest positive predictive values for ADEs. These triggers were responsible for detecting 94.4 percent of all ADEs identified by the full trigger tool instrument. This suggests the possibility of a much briefer trigger tool. The study was supported in part by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS14867).
See "Experience with a trigger tool for identifying adverse drug events among older adults in ambulatory primary care," by Ranjit Singh, M.D., M.B.A., Elizabeth A. McLean-Plunckett, M.A., R. Kee, M.S., and others, in Quality and Safety in Health Care 18, pp. 199-204, 2009.
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- Hotel Details
- Member Reviews
- Photos
Courtyard Zurich North
1 StarsMax Bill-Platz 19 Zurich CH-8050
Courtyard Hotel is positioned on Max Bill-Platz in Zurich, near Oerlikon train station and five kilometres from Zurich Airport. While in the area, visitors should not miss catching Raiffeisen Super League action at Letzigrund and visiting local wildlife at Zoologischer Garten.
The business-friendly hotel has 152 rooms and suites fitted with wireless Internet access (fees apply), air conditioning, living area, bathroom with shower, tub and hairdryer, safe deposit box, coffee/tea maker, refrigerator and satellite flat-screen TV.
At Courtyard, Zurich travellers start the day with continental or full American breakfast on site (fees apply). Diners can also enjoy international specialties at in-house max - restaurant, bar & lounge.
Courtyard Zurich North features equipped meeting rooms that can host 300 people and wireless Internet access in public areas. Patrons can work out at the fitness centre during free time. Parking (fees apply), currency exchange, multilingual staff and dry cleaning services are also on offer.
Additional Information
- 6 km to the Airport (Zurich)
- 57 km to the Airport (Basel)
Hotel Facilities
- Baby Sitting Service
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Room Facilities
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- Alarm Clock
- Ensuite / Private Bathroom
- Iron / Ironing Board
- Tea and Coffee Making Facilities
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- Hairdryer
- Pay-per-view Movies
- Telephone
Other Recommended Hotels
The Central Plaza Hotel Zurich | 4 Stars |
Mercure Stoller Hotel Zurich | 4 Stars |
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Hotel Ambassador a l'Opera | 4 Stars |
Bahnhof Hotel Zurich | 3 Stars |
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Find similar hotels as Courtyard Zurich North in Zurich
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Zurich Family Friendly Hotels |
Zurich Hotels with Restaurant / Café |
Zurich Hotels with Conference Room |


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Hi. I'm looking to get a Generac 7500 (or something similar) and am getting completely different answers from different electricians (at about a 50-50 split). I've had 2 over for estimates with 2 more coming this week, and have spoken/emailed with several others.
Some of them recommend an interlock saying it's much easier and I can use my entire existing panel (of course making sure not to switch on things like central a/c, etc.) and not have to worry about only selecting certain circuits that would go on a transfer switch, but others say don't go with the interlock because it's too risky that someone might flip the central a/c, and it's therefor much safer to have a 30-amp 10 outlet transfer switch, which will be able to power pretty much everything we need w/o worrying about what we can/can't switch on with the interlock. I was also told by a large generator retailer that "An interlock kit does not meet NFPA 37 or NFPA 70 for proper connection of generators to residential electrical systems." So I'm leaning towards the transfer switch but am curious why several (highly rated on Angie's List) electricians are pushing the interlock. Thanks for your thoughts. |
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by ronnatalie (My Page) on Tue, Nov 13, 12 at 10:30
The interlock is substantially cheaper. It gives you extra flexibility that you can pick and choose on demand which circuits to use (it would behoove you to figure this out ahead of time). Essentially, once the utility power goes off, turn off the main, turn off all the loads you don't want to power with the generator and then turn on the generator feed. The advantage of the transfer switch is that it can make the switch automatically (or at least very easily). Some have convenient ways to monitor the load and the return of utility service. The salesman was blowing smoke. First off, NFPA 37 has nothing whatsoever to do with interlocks or transfer switches, it covers installation and use of stationary engines (i.e., the generator itself if it wasn't a portable one). Mostly things like fuel lines and exhaust. NFPA 70 doesn't apply to installations either, it's guidance for electrical safety in the workplace and doesn't dictate any such demands on interlock design. All the code requires is a device that will prevent the generator and the utility from being connected together. The applicable compliance is listing (i.e., UL) which kits sold for sale should all meet. |
You can only use an automatic switch over if the generator is large enough for the whole panel. The is one advantage the smaller panels with a few selected circuits has over using the whole main. It CAN be automated. Detects power out, starts up generator, cross4es over. The required load shedding is built into the smaller panel. Unless someone is home (and awake) you will have to manually switch from the dead POCO lines to your generator. |
if your looking to get a generCrap, and that is what most of us call them, You HAVE to use their transfer switch. Others don't work properly. Most of the time the gen will shut down and lock out in 90 seconds if it doesn't have a generCrap matching transfer switch. |
- Posted by thomas1975 (My Page) on Tue, Nov 13, 12 at 16:01
So generac is not so good? What would you recommend (sorry to change the topic of my own post and I'm still interested in everyone's opinions on the interlock vs. transfer switch)? |
- Posted by thomas1975 (My Page) on Tue, Nov 13, 12 at 16:03
I had been looking here (http://www.electricgeneratorsdirect.com/power/6000-9900-watt-portable-generators.html) and Generac seemed to rate very well. |
Here is a link that might be useful: generators
- Posted by suburbanmd (My Page) on Wed, Nov 14, 12 at 17:22
My first Generac natural gas generator, from 2000, definitely deserved the name GenerCrap. My current one, from a couple of years ago, is far, far better. |
- Posted by thomas1975 (My Page) on Thu, Nov 15, 12 at 0:35
We just bought a Generac 20k withe the transfer switch. I can't tell you if it's good or not because we learned during set up that we would need a bigger gas meter (to the tune of $485) which will take 3-4 weeks to be installed by the gas company. Uggh! But I read good reviews on it and our heating and cooling guy said it was a good one. |
- Posted by ronnatalie (My Page) on Fri, Nov 16, 12 at 6:32
I've had an 80KVA GENERAC with the HTC auto transfer switch for over three years now without a problem. It's amusing how little power I actually use. The wattmeter in the thing shows typically only about 6KVA draw. Damn EnergyStar house. |
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Author Archives: Emmanuel
By Emmanuel, Rafael and Ellson – Maasai Wedding Ceremony
Greetings from Tanzania. My name is Emmanuel and I am a driver-guide with ADS. We just came back from this trip with a family of 14 including several children, which we started in the Serengeti National Park on June 25th and ended in the Ngorongoro Crater on July 2nd. There were three of us driver-guides on this safari including myself (Emmanuel) and also my colleagues Rafael and Ellson. We had a wonderful time with this family from Iowa, USA and we got the chance to see …
- July 08, 2013
- BY Emmanuel
- Posted under Reports From The Bush, Tanzania Highlights
By Guide Emmanuel Kichao – A Birthday Celebration To Remember
Jambo! My name is Emmanuel and I a driver-guide with ADS. I have just completed a very special safari with my two guests from California. There names are Joseph and Courtney. It was an extra special trip as the guest were celebrating their 75th and 74th birthdays. As pictured here we arranged for them to receive our traditional Maasai birthday gifts. Thankfully the high expectations I had for this special safari were exceeded with the tremendous wildlife action we encountered. We enjoyed a total of 8 …
- June 25, 2013
- BY Emmanuel
- Posted under Reports From The Bush
By Emmanuel Kichao – Wildebeest Calving Season
Jambo! I'm Emmanuel Kichao, a driver-guide with ADS, and I have just returned from the bush with my nice clients Toni and Richard. The safari dates were February 20, 2013 to March 2, 2013. We had a wonderful experience and it was very fortunate timing to be in the Serengeti to witness the wildebeest calving season. The wildebeest calving that takes place every year on the southern Serengeti plains has to be one of the top wonders of the natural world. Every year the majority of …
- March 03, 2013
- BY Emmanuel
- Posted under Reports From The Bush