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NEWTON's HOME PAGE
Privacy Policy
Big Bang and Recoil
Name: Willie C. Status: other Age: 40s Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: Sunday, September 15, 2002
If the wonders in space were created by a big bang, what happened to the recoil?
Willie -
Good question with a cool answer... If the big bang did really happen, the explosion sent matter of all sizes in all directions... but if you were to measure the momentum of all the shrapnel it would add up to zero. Momentum is the key to your question.
To understand this, it is important to realize that momentum is the product of mass and velocity and - important - velocity is a vector quantity. It has direction. So therefore... momentum is a vector quantity. And, when you add up the momentum values in varying directions, the total is zero.
Any momentum found in an object in the universe is only situational. If we knew all the momentum quantities - the momentum of every object in the universe (including the baseball thrown by a pitcher), we would find that the sum of all is zero. An interesting concept and one that (to me) makes a great deal of sense.
A lot of the challenge in life is asking good questions. You asked a good question.
Larry Krengel
The recoil was part of the big bang. If an explosion pushes something in one direction, it must push something in the opposite direction as well. This is the recoil. The big bang pushed in all directions at once. Part of the explosion went "up" and part went "down". You could call the "up" part the push and the "down" part recoil, or the other way around. The same holds with "left" and "right". When gunpowder goes off, it pushes the bullet one way and the rifle the other. Because the rifle is heavier, it is not affected nearly as much as the bullet. We say the push on the gun is the recoil because the gun moves less. We could just as correctly say the push on the bullet is the recoil of pushing the gun.
When a rocket fires its engines, the rocket gets pushed forward and the burnt fuel gets pushed backward. In a "recoilless rifle", the bullet gets pushed forward and a great deal of expanding gas gets pushed backward. Every forward push has a corresponding backward push that is just as hard.
If you want to do more "research" regarding this, two official terms to look at are "Conservation of Momentum" and "Newton's Third Law".
Dr. Ken Mellendorf
Physics Instructor
Illinois Central College
Click here to return to the Physics Archives
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Update: June 2012


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Category:Icelandic verbs
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
» Icelandic language » Lemmas » Verbs
Icelandic terms that indicate actions, occurrences or states.[edit]
- Category:Icelandic verb forms: Icelandic verbs that are conjugated to display grammatical relations other than the main form.
- Category:Icelandic ambitransitive verbs: Icelandic verbs that may or may not direct actions, occurrences or states to grammatical objects.
- Category:Icelandic auxiliary verbs: Icelandic verbs that provide additional conjugations for other verbs.
- Category:Icelandic defective verbs: Icelandic verbs that lack one or more forms in their conjugations.
- Category:Icelandic ditransitive verbs: Icelandic verbs that indicate actions, occurrences or states of two grammatical objects simultaneously, one direct and one indirect.
- Category:Icelandic impersonal verbs: Icelandic verbs that do not indicate actions, occurrences or states of any specific grammatical subject.
- Category:Icelandic intransitive verbs: Icelandic verbs that don't require any grammatical objects.
- Category:Icelandic reflexive verbs: Icelandic verbs that indicate actions, occurrences or states directed from the grammatical subjects to themselves.
- Category:Icelandic transitive verbs: Icelandic verbs that indicate actions, occurrences or states directed to one or more grammatical objects.
- Category:Icelandic verbs by inflection type: Icelandic verbs organized by the type of inflection they follow.
There are four different types of Icelandic verbs, depending on their inflection and principle parts (see the Icelandic kennimynd):
- Strong inflection:
(the category for Icelandic strong verbs) - Weak inflectoin:
(the category for Icelandic weak verbs) - Preterite-present verbs:
(the category for Icelandic preterite-present verbs) - Ri-verbs:
(the category for Icelandic ri-verbs)
This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total.
I cont. |
Pages in category "Icelandic verbs"
The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 1,737 total.
(previous 200) (next 200)(previous 200) (next 200)

subset: commoncrawl


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Freoffice: Free Office Viewer for N900
Nokia has released an alpha version of a new office viewer for the N900 smartphone. The software named Freoffice, installable under Maemo, is based on KOffice project code.
The viewer can open multiple documents simultaneously, page, scroll and search through them, and cut-and-paste from among them. KDE developer Jos van den Oever gives an overview in his blog on how to install the Maemo package on version PR1.1 of the N900 platform.
The program is licensed under GPLv2 and the source code is available in the KOffice project's SVN repository. Freoffice should benefit from the progress made in the KOffice KDE office suite, now approaching version 2.2.
how to install freeofice viewer for n900
need to know how to install the frreoffice viewer on N900.
there two files: freoffice-0.2.1.tar.gz ??
freoffice_armel.deb ??
Issue 171/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
Intel Unveils Compute Stick
Four-inch-long computer on a stick lets you boot a full Linux system from any HDMI display device.
Obama Proposes Personal Data Notification Law
New statute would require companies to report break-ins to consumers.
TGXf Project Warns of File Transfer through Screen Pixels
Weird data transfer technique avoids all standard security measures.
Industry Giants Announce a Fix for the Password Mess
FIDO alliance declares the beginning of the end for old-style login authentication.
Poll: Vote for the Best Open Source Software for Photographers
The Linux New Media Awards have honored the most significant products, projects, people, and organizations for open source/Linux every year since 2000.
Debian Gets Forked
Legendary Uber-distro splits over the systemd controversy.
Linux Mint Project Releases Mint 17.1
New LTS version offers many refinements for the Cinnamon and Mate desktops and significant improvement under the hood.
CeBIT Open Source Forum Call for Papers
One of CeBIT's most successful forums returns in 2015.
TOR Network Isn't So Anonymous
A new study says it is possible to unmask 81% of TOR users.
.NET Goes Open Source
Redmond joins the revolution by turning the .NET Core Runtime into a GitHub project.


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English Standard Version (ESV) | New International Version (NIV) |
1 Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, | 1 In the past God spoke to our forefathers through the prophets at many times and in various ways, |
The English Standard Version is published with the permission of Good News Publishers. (English Standard Version - The Holy Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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By NCTM President Linda M. GojakNCTM Summing Up, April 4, 2013
Since the release of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) nearly three years ago, I have thought long and hard about them. I have considered the standards from the viewpoint of state leaders helping districts to make the transition from previous standards to the Common Core. I have examined the standards closely by asking questions of the CCSSM authors. I have spent time in schools talking with teachers. I have worked at the district level with the elementary teachers and coaches who are preparing to implement the standards. The focus on effective mathematics instruction and efforts to improve it at all levels speak to the potential impact of the Common Core.
I support the Common Core State Standards. I support them for teachers, and I support them for students. I support them as someone who spent 28 years in the classroom and 12 years working with teachers to help improve mathematics instruction. I support them as someone who is passionate about giving students every opportunity to understand the mathematics that they are learning and to be successful!
Over the last 30 years, I have seen the vision of the NCTM Standards misinterpreted and reduced to checklists of skills to be taught. I have seen new, innovative, research-based curricular materials put away on a shelf because teachers had neither the time nor the professional development support to use them as intended. I have seen pushback from those who oppose the NCTM Standards and curricular change. In the meantime, we have continued to fail too many students, literally and figuratively.
I believe the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics have the potential to make a difference for students. They have already drawn widespread attention to the importance of mathematics education, and they present a historic opportunity. We should do everything we can to see that they succeed, positioning ourselves to realize their potential to prepare all students for higher learning and career readiness.
CCSSM includes grade-level content standards that represent a balance of conceptual understanding and skills. Based on the NCTM Process Standards, CCSSM's Standards for Mathematical Practice describe the characteristics of mathematically proficient students, providing us with guidelines for effective instructional pedagogy. We have the opportunity to use technology to support students. We have the opportunity to collaborate to provide students with powerful learning experiences. We have the opportunity to ensure that students will deeply understand the mathematics they are learning. The coherence of the standards within a grade and the progressions from grade to grade make the connections among mathematical ideas explicit. Mathematics no longer needs to be experienced as a series of procedures and tricks by many students. And with fewer and more focused standards, we can finally move away from "covering" material to giving students ample time to reason and make sense of the mathematics they are learning. The introduction to CCSSM underscores the innovation and forward drive of the new standards:
These Standards are not intended to be new names for old ways of doing business. They are a call to take the next step. It is time for states to work together to build on lessons learned from two decades of standards based reforms. It is time to recognize that standards are not just promises to our children, but promises we intend to keep. (CCSSM 2010, p. 5)
If we are to realize the potential of the Common Core, teachers and administrators must have access to high-quality professional development, including opportunities to deeply understand the Standards for Mathematical Content and the implications for instruction of the Standards for Mathematical Practice. Teachers need the support of administrators and parents to teach mathematics differently.
If we are to realize the potential of the Common Core, states must work together to provide the support and materials needed for successful implementation of the standards. Districts within states must work together to share ideas and implementation plans. Teachers are not curriculum developers. It is not realistic to expect them to develop the instructional materials that they must have to teach mathematics well.
If we are to realize the potential of the Common Core, we must begin to think about assessment differently. We must assess students daily through the questions we ask and the tasks we present. We must use the information that we gather from listening to our students to decide our next instructional moves. We cannot wait for end-of-the-year high-stakes assessments to determine whether students have learned the mathematics. We cannot spend hours of valuable instructional time on formal assessments.
The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics are not a silver bullet. They are the result of more than 30 years of careful, thoughtful examination of what school mathematics should include if students are to be ready for college or for a career path that they may decide to follow. These standards have the potential to ensure a quantitatively literate citizenry. They are the next step in helping educators be smarter about how we offer all students opportunities to be successful in mathematics. They are a living document. We must learn from them, build on their strengths, and identify areas that need improvement. We must allow ourselves the time to understand, implement, learn from our mistakes (and we will make mistakes), discuss, share, and thoughtfully make revisions to improve our teaching. We must realize that implementation will be a process that will involve educators at all levels in working together to continue their evolution. We must remember that it is not about the standards. It is about using the standards to help our students succeed. If all stakeholders realize their potential and work together to support their implementation, the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics will help this and future generations of students succeed.
Your feedback is important! Comments or concerns regarding the content of this page may be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com. Thank you.
Copyright © 2015, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.


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Third Millennium Bible (TMB) | New International Version (NIV) |
1 And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Syria and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it, but could not prevail against it. | 1 When Ahaz son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, was king of Judah, King Rezin of Aram and Pekah son of Remaliah king of Israel marched up to fight against Jerusalem, but they could not overpower it. |
Third Millennium Bible (TMB), New Authorized Version, Copyright 1998 by Deuel Enterprises, Inc., Gary, SD 57237. All rights reserved. (Third Millennium Bible Online) | Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online) |


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CARACAS, Thursday August 13, 2009 | Update
Alexis Ramírez, President of the National Federation of Parents and Guardians Associations of Official, Private, non-Religious and Religious Education Institutes in Venezuela (Fenasopadres), reported that a march heading for the headquarters of the National Assembly to reject the Draft Organic Law on Education was suppressed by the police.
"We were marching peacefully when government's armed gangs, dressed in red, said 'you shall not pass.' As we are not violent guys, we did not accept any provocation but some people threw tear gas against us, I do not know exactly who, because there was a police cordon to prevent us from passing through," Ramírez said.
The NGO leader told news television channel Globovisión that demonstrators were dispersed by the Caracas Metropolitan Police with tear gas, plastic bullets and high-pressure water cannons.
"We had no choice but to split up. Behind us, protected by the Metropolitan Police and marching orderly, came the demonstration of the government followers, who had no problem to get to the National Assembly and voice their support for the draft law. Once again, this shows the discrimination of the government against the civil society," added Ramírez.
Carolina Contreras
02:57 PM. HEAVY RAINS. Venezuelan Executive Vice-President Elias Jaua reported that the government is designing plans to support farmers, cattlemen and peasants of the state of Mérida who have been hit by heavy rains that have caused crop losses.


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Frequently Asked Questions (and Answers!)
What are Your Service Times?
- Sunday Morning Worship is at 9:00 am. This service begins with worship music led by our Praise Team, and includes both contemporary and traditional music.
- Children's Church, for ages 4 to 8, meets at 9:30 am each Sunday before the sermon begins.
- Sunday School for all ages follows the morning worship service at 10:30 am.
- Sunday Evening FOCUS Prayer Service meets in Fellowship Hall. The church feels that this service is vital. FOCUS Prayer is an intimate time of sharing and praying alone or in groups, following a brief devotional by our pastor.
- Children's Choir meets at 6:00 pm on Sunday evenings during the school year. Children aged 4 - 5th grade enjoy games, instruments and snacks along with singing. Occasionally they present musical programs.
- Wednesdays: At 5:00 pm we begin Church supper. At 6:00 pm we offer something for every age group, with preschool child care available. (See the Courses link.)
- Youth meet Wednesday evenings, at 6:00 pm, for Bible Study.
Where is the Nursery?
Our nursery is located just to the right of the worship center. First time guests are asked to fill out a short form about your child/children. Strict rules are adhered to with any person working with children, and each worker must pass a background check. A minimum of two adult workers are with the children at all times.
How Do I Find Information and Classrooms?
A Welcome Center is located in the Fellowship Hall. There you will find information about our church and activities, as well as a facility map. The person on duty or an usher will be happy to help you.
Do You Offer Support Groups?
First Baptist Church wants to assist in good times and in troubled times. We offer a number of groups at various times of the year including:
- Dynamic Marriage and Dynamic Love
- Financial Peace University
- Various community support groups
- By making a profession of faith in Jesus Christ as your personal Lord and Savior, and following with baptism by immersion.
- Transfer of Letter from another Southern Baptist church.
- Statement of Faith after being baptized by immersion as a believer while at another Christian church.
- Consultation with the pastor may be necessary before a person becomes a member of the church. Call the church office at (505) 325-4528 if you would like an appointment.


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This week we have an overabundance of Berkman, an overabundance of Blue Jays, Nyjer Morgan not being weird and…David Segui? Really? Okay.
I'd rather have him step it up this year. I've had conversations with him, it's really hard for him, because he's not playing that well, to be that guy he was last year. Unfortunately, sometimes you can't be yourself. Last year, things were going so well, he could be himself. This year, I'd like him to be a little bit more of that guy. But he's really concentrating, trying to figure out how to get his swing back and start playing like he did last year.
Seriously, Ron Roenicke. If you can't get Nyjer Morgan to be loud and insane then you're probably pretty terrible at your job. Get it together.


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Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze -- (ReleaseWire) -- 10/26/2012 -- The webmaster at OmniaGroup.it recently made small tweaks to the website, including an addition of a contact us section for more information. Now, customers who have questions can instantly get in contact with an expert if they need any additional information on what is currently being covered on the website.
Based out of Italy, the Omnia Group can be a bit difficult to gather information from if Italian is not the person's first language. Numerous translation services are provided online, but some information can still be lost in translation. The contact us section can give a person instant information on anything they have questions on without having to wait very long.
Anything from customized solutions to standard help can be obtained through the contact us feature. General questions can also be answered, as well as feedback on the website in general. Basically, the entire section was developed by Omnia Group to make sure customers were never left in the dark. By providing the form on the bottom of the homepage, customers will never miss the opportunity to use it.
About OmniaGroup.it
Omnia Group is made up of a group of companies that operate in the field of delivering technical services. Omnia Software Ltd, Omnia2Business Ltd and Omnia Service srl Italy all help customers in the engineering of information systems, development of application software and basic business process automation.


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Rent, buy and watch the latest movies and TV shows online
blinkbox has more of the latest movies and TV shows than our competitors.
No subscription, so you only pay when you rent or buy a movie or TV show, from just 99p.
blinkbox is available on PC/Mac, tablets, consoles, smart TVs, set-top boxes and Blu-ray players.
Sorry, we don't have the rights to sell this movie in your country
Thanks for your rating
4 Average of 1 rating
(Foreign language film with English subtitles)Shy, introverted Laura and her jaded father have promised to clean an old friend's property in order for it to be sold. Travelling deep into the hostile, unforgiving landscape of rural Uruguay, they are to spend the night in an isolated, run down cottage. With no civilisation for hundreds of miles and no electricity or modern conveniences within the property, Laura begins to dread the on coming night. As darkness prevails her father investigates a strange noise from the above floor. When he doesn't return, Laura has nothing but fear to console her. But She's not alone. Something is waiting in the shadows, something that knows her worst nightmares. Inspired by true events, Silent House was filmed in one continuous, amazingly relentless shot with no edits. One of the most terrifying, intense and horrific films in modern horror, it's also one of the most groundbreaking since The Blair Witch Project and Paranormal Activity.
Drama, Horror, World Cinema
Contains strong threat and violence
1 hour 26 minutes
Gustavo Hernández Florencia Colucci
PC, Mac, iPad, Android tablets, Windows tablets, Xbox, PS3, Chromecast, smart TVs, set-top boxes and Blu-ray players.
Windows PC (UK internet connection required to acquire license)


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It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!
Dodge Durango Electrical System Problems
kitty65 Posts: 2:mad: I have the same problem in my 2002. I have had the speed sensors (both) changed and went to have my system reset and they couldn"t and no one knows why. I live is california and if the check engine light is on your car wouldn't pass smog. also I have no A/C or heater, the third windshield wiper is also out. So check that . I had the fulses check and they were fine
viper81 Posts: 1Last week I notice a buzzing noise coming from the back of my 2000 Durango it only happens if I flip the right turn signal on while I'm slowing down the light in dash goes solid but dimly light. Also the buzzing noise comes out of the back drivers side taillight. If anyone has any insight please let me know as my dodge service department is closed on saturday's.
anglergirl Posts: 5My problem is with the ac and is intermittent. My mechanic suggested "watching it" and hte next time the ac quits blowing cold; to turn the ignition key slightly to see if the ac light comes back on. He also suggested trying the windows to see if they were working or not when the ac isn't. He said if either of these things happen then it's probably the "ignition switch." Sound right?
anglergirl Posts: 5
anglergirl Posts: 5I had the cover that has the "hide away" in the far back "give in." I am in need of a new one; and don't want to buy it from factory. The carpet and interior color is khaki. Does anybody know where I can get one off a used Durango 2001 that's "parts" or have any suggestions for rebuilding it?
mari80 Posts: 1I have a 2002 durango and i took it to 3 mechanics today and all of them turn me away saying they could not help me, they told me it was an electrical problem and i should go to the dealer. My horn and wipers go off on their own and when i turn my lights on they filker and the beeping noise like when a door is open is on all the time as long as i am driving when i stop the beeping stops. I have no idea what is going on, does anyone know?
shotgun_1966 Posts: 1
erik_0013 Posts: 1Check the brake switch. this was Happening on mine last year. If I remember correctly all you have to do is push the break pedal down and hold it. Then reach up and pull out the little black button on the break switch. Then slowly release the break pedal. This will reset the positon on the break switch. This took care of this problem on My 2006 Durango
mlomax Posts: 1With my headlights off when I turn on my left turn signal my hazard flashers are activated and my radio light, odometer light and gear selector light begin to flash on and off with the hazard flashers, And when I turn on the headlights, the left turn signal indicator in the dash stays lit and unblinking, the left rear tailight stays lit and bright as if the brake light is on and the front turn light is constantly bright. I have already had the sockets replaced and the multifunction switch replaced also by a certified mechanic, they cannot give me any suggestions except to say that it is an electrical problem but don't have an idea as to what may be causing this. Do you have reany ideas as to the cause before this gets really expensive at the dealership?
portmoody Posts: 1My 2001 Durango had a used engine put in it and after a few months I noticed a ground wire hanging down and I do not know where it belongs. It is attached to the top of the wheel well on the right side of the engine just below the PCM. There are two flat braided bare wires (and a couple of others) one is attached to the rear of the engine by the cylinder head and the second one is not attached anywhere. It has a ring connector on the end and both have a red F on them. Any ideas where it belongs?
jhchallis Posts: 4I have a 2003 Durango that has the constant-on power supply (cigarette lighter type)mounted in the center console. The power supply does not work. I have checked all of the fuses in both the interior and under the hood fuse panels, but all fuses are good. There is not one marked "power supply". I have also purchased a new power supply (after pulling out the entire console) and it still does not work. Any ideas?
mechanic4life Posts: 1When I turn my Durango off and your'e still in the car, everything is supposed to turn off after about 30 seconds. Something like that anyway. The problem I have is that everything but the clock in the radio turns off. It stays on. The next morning the battery is dead. I went to the dealer, he said its some switch. They want $85.00 to put it on the machine just to start out.He was a jerk, so I was wondering if someone knew about this problem, so I can buy the parts and fix it myself. 2004 Durango slt
NiYoung04 Posts: 2I just wanted to add... I had to end up having the truck towed to dealership, after the battery ended up completely dying. the next day the dealership called me stating they could find NOTHING wrong with the truck they checked everything unhooked the battery since it was dead to charge it and when rehokked the truck worked fine. fortunately they did not charge me since they couldnt find anything said they would not feel right to charge me.. What a blessing.. but it seems this should be on recall.. that cant be normal.. :shades:
cyber7 Posts: 2I have the exact same problem. Drove myself crazy trying to find out what controls it!!! I also have one in the rear cargo area on Drivers side that is dead too. The one in the dash works but seems a little light for an inverter. I used one, blew the fuse, replaced the fuse but don't wanna chance using it again. (only a 15 amp fuse) Other 2 are supposed to be 20 amp, but where in the %#&@ are they!!!!????
jeeeman Posts: 1I have a 2004 dodge durango, the back hatch doesnt have a manual unlock button. and I believe the electric door lock may be broke. its unlocked using a wireless remote. I get nothing when I try to unlock the hatch. rest of the doors unlock. dodge made it so there is no way to unlock that door without a remote. I believe it may be very expensive to have dodge repair it. does anyone know how to get that hatch open. or how to remove the door without damage to the vehicle?
roser811 Posts: 1I have a 2001 dodge durango 5.9L. Lately we have been noticing a slight slip when driving,usually between 45 and 55 and it jumps 100-300 rpms.It doesnt ALWAYS do it,but enough to relaize theres a problem! I would hate to shell out 2500 dollars for a new tranny so im trying to find a solution! The tranny fluid is still bright red,as should be,no burnt smell.Any suggestions on what it could be???HELP :[
zeke440 Posts: 1I have an 03 Durango w/4.7L, the blower motor (front hvac)resistor harness keeps overheating and I lose electrical contact for blower motor operation. I have replace the bulk connector end @ the resistor, I also replaced the blower motor and the resistor with all NEW parts and the overheating of the connector continues. What is wrong here? Is the new blower motor drawing too much current? Please help!
schlichtig Posts: 1I have a 99 Durango. We have had alot of Electrical problems for months. Today tried to start -nothing, absolutely nothing. Took the battery to be tested-they said it was shot. Hook it up still nothing. I have some clicking noises going on all over, behind the dash, the radio, when door is open a clicking noise (relay ?) until door closed. I have no power for anything, windows, radio etc. Suggestions???
sexys312 Posts: 2I need to know on my 2000 Dodge Durango my turn signal just stop working and I checked the fuse and it seems to be good, I don't know what to do next could you please help me out and provide me with answers to my questions?, Neither one of my turn signals come on at all, however my emergency light flashes just find, what could be the problem?


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noun \-ˌfrȯg, -ˌfräg\: a large frog that makes a loud, deep sound
Full Definition of BULLFROG
: a heavy-bodied deep-voiced frog (Rana catesbeiana) of the eastern United States and southern Canada that has been introduced elsewhere
First Known Use of BULLFROG
noun (Concise Encyclopedia)Solitary aquatic frog (Rana catesbeiana) named for its loud call. The largest U.S. frog, native to the eastern states, the bullfrog has been introduced into the western states and into other countries. The bullfrog is green or brown with a white to yellowish belly and dark-barred legs. Its body is about 8 in. (20 cm) long, and its hindlegs may be 10 in. (25 cm) long. Large adults weigh 1 lb (0.5 kg) or more. Bullfrogs usually live in or near a body of still water. They are used for food and as laboratory animals. The name is sometimes applied to other large frogs.
Learn More About BULLFROG
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You can download the full resolution file here.
Category Archives: security
Limitations of Data Protection in iOS 4
Apple's recently released iOS 4 provides enhanced "data protection", but there is very little on the web now that explains what this really means. In this post I clarify what data protection is and what some of its limitations are.
What Data Protection Is
First of all, it's important to note what encryption capability the iPhone already had (which I discussed here. The release of the iPhone 3GS (and later iPod Touch 3rd Generation) brought hardware-based full disk encryption (FDE) to the iPhone. This was designed to accomplish one thing: instantaneous remote wipe. While the iPhone 3G had to overwrite every bit in flash memory (sometimes taking several hours), disk wiping on the 3GS worked by simply erasing the 256-bit AES key used to encrypt the data.
Unfortunately, disk encryption on the iPhone did little beyond enabling remote wipe. Mobile forensicator Jonathan Zdziarski found that the iPhone OS automatically decrypts data when a request for data is made, effectively making the encryption worthless for protecting data.
So I was curious to learn what encryption improvements were made in iOS 4. Apple calls its new encryption scheme "data protection", a substantial improvement in security design. Data protection has the primary advantage of using the user's passcode or password to derive a key that is used to encrypt data on the device. When the phone is locked or turned off, the key is immediately erased, making data secured on the device inaccessible.
Limitations of Data Protection
The details of how data protection works are described in Apple's recently released videos from its world-wide developers conference (see Session 209 "Securing Application Data"). This information is protected by an NDA, but I'll summarize at a high level five basic limitations.
First, to make data encryption work a user must have an iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, or iPod Touch 3rd Gen (previous iPhones don't support hardware encryption). Importantly, 3GS users who upgrade to iOS must restore the device as the iOS 3 file system doesn't support the new data protection scheme. The steps to do this are described here.
Second, files are encrypted individually by software classes that implement data protection. This means that developers must deliberately choose to use data encryption in their apps, otherwise data is unprotected. Currently, Apple says that so far only Mail is setup to use data encryption, although they say they will eventually bring data encryption to other applications. This means that even with data encryption enabled, text messages, contacts, photos, web history—in short, everything else—is left unprotected.
Third, a user must use a passcode or password. The strength of the password is up to the user, which is generally a good thing for forensicators.
Fourth, to mitigate the threat of a brute force attack, the file encryption requires a key generated by the device itself, in addition to the key derived from the user's password. This slows brute forcing because the encryption key generation process is slow by design: the iPhone 4 takes about 50 milliseconds to derive the key once the user submits a password. This means an attacker can guess only about 20 passwords per second.
This might not sound like much of a speed reduction, but this actually compares well with software-based encryption products. By comparison, I've used AccessData's Password Recovery Toolkit to guess up to 900,000 passwords a second for encrypted Microsoft Office files. Encrypted PGP files allow about 900 password guesses per second.
Fifth, a weakness in the data protection system is something called the "Escrow Keybag", which is a collection of keys necessary to decrypt every file on the device without requiring the user's password. This was done to allow computers to sync with the iPhone without asking the user for the password.
This was a deliberate trade-off to enhance user experience. Apple's rationale was that if the PC containing the escrow keybag was obtained, an attacker most likely already had the user's important data anyway. For forensicators, this means that if a user's computer is obtained along with the iPhone, it will be much easier to decrypt the user's protected data.
Updated August 6, 2010: Elcomsoft has announced that its iPhone Password Breaker tool can recover iPhone keychains (probably the escrow keybag) from password-protected iPhone backups.
Currently, data protection in iOS 4 is still limited. Apps must be updated to use data protection and currently only Mail does so. All other data can be easily obtained without the users password.
Even so, data protection in iOS 4 represents a significant improvement over encryption in iOS 3. It is clear that Apple is striving to iteratively improve security on the iPhone, which is a good thing.
In the meantime, it looks like forensicators won't have to worry too much about getting the data they need off of an iPhone.
Using an SSD with Full Disk Encryption—Benchmarks using PGP WDE
I've wanted to install a solid-state drive (SSD) in my laptop for some time because of the dramatic boost in performance and responsiveness. However, I've been reluctant to buy one because I use full disk encryption (FDE) on my laptop, and I wasn't sure how it would affect the speed of the SSD.
Unfortunately, there is not a lot of concrete information on the Web for the impact of FDE on SSD's other than this gloomy blog post from November 2009. The author of this post used Utimaco Safeguard Enterprise to encrypt a Intel X25-M G2 160Gb SSD in a Dell Latitude E6400. Disappointingly, he found that with FDE, the SSD performed as slow or slower than the same laptop with an encrypted conventional hard drive. Clearly, in this scenario, there is little benefit to justify the cost of an SSD.
However, I use PGP 10 Whole Disk Encryption (WDE), one of the leading disk encryption products, which has just been updated with better support for SSD's. I finally decided to purchase an SSD, and since I can't find any other benchmarks for encrypted SSD online, I decided to perform my own.
The Setup
I have a Macbook Pro 17″ (Core 2 Duo; late 2009). It used to have a Seagate Momentus 7200 RPM drive, one of the faster conventional laptop hard drives on the market, and, as stated above, it was encrypted with PGP 10 WDE. As a baseline, I used Xbench to test how fast the drive performed.
Here are its scores:
Xbench Disk Test score: 36.64
Sequential 53.83
Uncached Write 73.59 45.18 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 52.87 29.91 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 37.01 10.83 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 67.64 33.99 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Random 27.77
Uncached Write 9.65 1.02 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 81.84 26.20 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 69.42 0.49 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 72.43 13.44 MB/sec [256K blocks]
I also performed some practical, "real-use" tests as follows:
Opening iTunes: 17 seconds
Opening Papers (PDF manager): 45 seconds
Opening VMWare Fusion and resuming a Windows XP VM with 512MB RAM: 50 seconds
Opening Microsoft Word: 24 seconds
Opening PASW 17 (SPSS): 24 seconds
Copying a 5.73 GB bzip file from one part of the hard drive to another: 4 minutes, 25 seconds.
Boot time from when the PGP passphrase is typed in to the OS X login screen: 1 minute, 16 seconds.
Login time from inputing password to when the Dock appears: 20 seconds
Time for start-up applications (Things, Skype (www.skype.com), and Snapz Pro X to load after inputing login password: 1 minute, 18 seconds.
All told, it took 2 minutes, 34 seconds to boot and load my start-up applications so I could begin using my computer normally.
The Unencrypted SSD
For comparison, I replaced the Seagate Momentus with a Crucial RealSSD, which as of April 2010, is one of the fastest SSD's available.
Here are the same tests performed with the Crucial RealSSD unencrypted:
Xbench Disk Test score: 300.13
Sequential 184.15
Uncached Write 254.02 155.97 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 216.33 122.40 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 95.35 27.91 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 373.91 187.93 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Random 810.71
Uncached Write 1278.14 135.31 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 406.00 129.98 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 1578.45 11.19 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 947.85 175.88 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Dramatically faster. Here are some real-use comparisons:
Opening iTunes: 3 seconds
Opening Papers: 7 seconds
Opening VMWare Fusion: Loading Windows XP from suspend, 512MB RAM—7 seconds
Opening Word: 6 seconds
Opening PASW: 8 seconds
Copying the same 5.73 GB bz2 file: 52 seconds (five times faster than the encrypted hard drive).
Booting was as follows:
Boot time from Apple logo to the OS X login screen: 24 seconds.
Login time from inputing password to when the Dock appears: instantaneous
Time for start-up applications (Things, Skype, and Snapz Pro X) to load after inputing login password: 4 seconds.
The Encrypted SSD
Now with the tests of the encrypted hard drive and unencrypted SSD as baselines, I fully encrypted the 256 GB SSD using PGP 10 WDE. The process took two hours (which was in itself remarkably fast). Once the encryption process completed, I rebooted and ran the same tests again.
Xbench Disk Test score: 103.12
Sequential 65.10
Uncached Write 78.22 48.03 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 65.20 36.89 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 47.00 13.75 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 83.05 41.74 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Random 247.91
Uncached Write 370.32 39.20 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 120.49 38.57 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 1562.82 11.07 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 222.46 41.28 MB/sec [256K blocks]
As expected, the SSD is substantially slower using PGP WDE. However, it is still much faster than the encrypted 7200 RPM drive. Importantly, the uncached read times are still much faster (between 3 to 22 times faster). Probably for this reason, the user interface still feels very responsive and applications still open very quickly, with little perceptive difference from the unencrypted SSD:
Opening iTunes: 3 seconds
Opening Papers: 10 seconds
Opening VMWare Fusion—Loading Windows XP from suspend, 512MB RAM: 10 seconds
Opening Word—7 seconds
Opening PASW—9 seconds
Boot time was slower than the unencrypted SSD:
Boot time from when the PGP passphrase is typed in to the OS X login screen: 46 seconds.
Login time from inputing password to when the Dock appears: instantaneous
Time for start-up applications (Things, Skype, and Snapz Pro X) to load after inputing login password: 6 seconds.
However, when writing a large file to the disk it was painfully evident that the SSD was much slower in its encrypted state. As before, I copied the same 5.72 GB file:
Copying the same 5.73 GB bz2 file—3 minutes, 49 seconds seconds (three minutes slower than the unencrypted SSD, only a minute faster than the 7200 RPM hard drive).
Using PGP WDE 10, the SSD is still substantially faster than an encrypted 7200 RPM drive, especially for disk reads. For many tasks, the laptop still feels very fast and responsive (except when large files are written to disk). Therefore, there is value in going from an encrypted 7200 RPM drive to an encrypted SSD—the encrypted SSD is markedly faster.
However, it's clear that the encrypted SSD is much slower than in its unencrypted form (by as much as two thirds, going by the overall Xbench score). By analogy, encumbering the SSD with FDE is like harnessing a champion racehorse to a plow. However, if you are interested in FDE, security is probably more important to you than raw speed anyway.
Update May 18, 2010:
The above tests show performance before and after encryption for the SSD, but not for the 7200 RPM drive. Robert Silvers, of Photomosaic.com, kindly provided these test results of his Seagate Momentous 7200 RPM drive before and after encrypting with PGP:
Without FDE:
Results 41.56
System Info
Xbench Version 1.3
System Version 10.6.3 (10D2094)
Physical RAM 4096 MB
Model MacBookPro6,1
Drive Type ST9500420ASG
Disk Test 41.56
Sequential 109.91
Uncached Write 121.18 74.40 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 130.87 74.05 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 73.57 21.53 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 144.78 72.77 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Random 25.62
Uncached Write 7.78 0.82 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 139.43 44.64 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 79.93 0.57 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 126.19 23.41 MB/sec [256K blocks]
With PGP FDE:
Results 43.85
Disk Test 43.85
Sequential 58.90
Uncached Write 69.96 42.96 MB/sec [4K blocks] (42% decrease)
Uncached Write 56.13 31.76 MB/sec [256K blocks] (57% decrease)
Uncached Read 47.55 13.92 MB/sec [4K blocks] (35% decrease)
Uncached Read 67.69 34.02 MB/sec [256K blocks] (56% decrease)
Random 34.93
Uncached Write 12.67 1.34 MB/sec [4K blocks] (63% increase)
Uncached Write 93.32 29.87 MB/sec [256K blocks] (33% decrease)
Uncached Read 80.85 0.57 MB/sec [4K blocks] (0% change)
Uncached Read 80.05 14.85 MB/sec [256K blocks] (37% decrease)
About a 46% average loss in performance for 256K blocks.
And here are the results of the same drive using CheckPoint FDE 3.3 for Mac:
Disk Test 41.89
Sequential 53.51
Uncached Write 65.65 40.31 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 43.13 24.40 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 38.09 11.15 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 99.15 49.83 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Random 34.42
Uncached Write 11.57 1.22 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 136.74 43.78 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 82.63 0.59 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 96.35 17.88 MB/sec [256K blocks]
The results overall are slightly slower than those for PGP.
The iPhone 3GS and Forensics: Encryption Changes the Game?
One of the new iPhone 3GS features that has received little attention this week is hardware encryption. However, from a forensics standpoint, this is probably the most significant feature of the new update. The feature is buried at the bottom of this "more features" page:
Phil Schiller also briefly mentions this feature at 1:52 of the Apple keynote.
Why Encryption on the iPhone Matters
Encryption on the iPhone matters to businesses because the iPhone can store potentially sensitive information. Among other things, forensics investigators can recover the following from iPhones (from iPhone Forensics by Jonathan Zdziarski):
- Keyboard caches containing usernames, passwords, and nearly everything typed on the iPhone.
- Screenshots of the last state of an application before the home button is pressed to return to the main menu.
- Deleted images.
- Deleted calendar entries and contacts.
- A record of the last 100 calls made.
- Viewed Google Maps images and directions.
- Browser history and caches, even when deleted.
- Deleted email messages.
- Deleted voicemail.
- Pairing records establishing which computers the iPhone was synced with.
You might think that extensive forensics experience and knowledge of the iPhone operating and file system is needed to recover this data. However, several specialized forensics tools, such as Paraben's Device Seizure and the Sixth Legion's Wolf, have automated this forensics process and can recover sensitive data from iPhones in seconds.
So it is understandable that encryption on the iPhone is a highly requested feature by corporations, according to Phil Schiller. Hardware-based encryption on the iPhone could effectively nullify forensics work on the iPhone.
Remote Wipe: A Potential Weakness
However, one potential weakness in the iPhone encryption scheme is how the encryption key is stored, and is related to another new iPhone 3GS feature, instantaneous remote wipe:
According to Schiller, hardware encryption on the iPhone 3GS enables instantaneous remote wipe. Apparently, rather than overwriting every bit as does the iPhone 3G, a remote wipe on the iPhone 3GS only overwrites the hardware encryption key, rendering all data on the iPhone unintelligible. This explains why if you later recover your iPhone 3GS, you can restore your data by enabling your MobileMe account on the iPhone, which apparently downloads the hardware encryption key to the iPhone, making the data on the iPhone readable again.
Although this feature is convenient, it does pose a potential security problem. If the hardware encryption key is hidden in the iPhone file system without being encrypted itself, then a forensics investigator could find the key and decrypt data on the iPhone. And forensics tools like a faraday cage will prevent the iPhone from receiving a remote wipe command, lengthening the window to find the encryption key indefinitely.
Of course this would require specialized knowledge of the iPhone and cryptography, but that is exactly what forensics firms like Paraben and Sixth Legion have. And their expertise is encapsulated and automated in tools like Device Seizure and Wolf, extending this ability to more general users.
So while hardware encryption on the iPhone 3GS is an interesting development, unless the encryption key is itself somehow encrypted, it will be a matter of time before the forensics community learns a way to find the key and make forensic analysis of the iPhone 3GS possible.
[Update June 14, 2009: Jonathan Zdziarski of iPhone Forensics left an insightful comment below.]
Security through Simplicity, Part 2
I wrote here that I love security measures that are simple. That is, those measures that improve security but require no more (and perhaps even less) effort than not using them. Here are three more examples.
Passphrases may not be an ideal security solution, but they are more secure and easier to remember and type than typical passwords. The fact is, passwords are the most prevalent form of authentication and they are not going away soon. Passphrases, then, usefully provide a more secure, easy-to-use alternative.
A friend of mine, Dr. Mark Keith of Arizona State University, demonstrated in a scientific study that passphrases are more secure and easier to remember than typical passwords. First, he showed that because the average person's vocabulary consists of 3,000 words (a low estimate), a five-word passphrase is stronger than an 8-letter password using alphanumeric and special characters (3000^5 > 95^8).
He also showed that passphrases, although longer than passwords, are easier to remember and easier to use than passwords. The key is writing passphrases in standard written English, or what Keith et al. call "word processing mode" (WPM). Passphrases written in this way (like the passphrase above) are not only easier to remember, but they are also significantly easier to type and result in less login mistakes.
SSH Public Key Authentication
This one is more esoteric, but for a server administrator, SSH public key authentication is the model of security through simplicity. Rather than having to remember a password to various servers, a pair of public/private key files can be used to authenticate users instantaneously. Additionally, if a SSH public key is used in place of a password, password-guessing attacks cannot be used.
Automatic Backup
Backup is not typically thought of as a security measure, but it is probably the most important means to protect data from threats, malicious or accidental. The best way to back up data is also the simplest: routinely backing up data using automatic backup software. My favorite offline backup solution is Time Machine, which seamlessly backs up everything in the background, without any user involvement. Automatic backups is probably one of the simplest measures on this list, but also likely yields the most security for data.
Security through Simplicity: Three Elegant End-User Security Solutions
IT security solutions typically involve trade-offs, usually in the form of trading increased security for reduced convenience or added hassle. However, not all security measures require this trade-off.
Some solutions—aside from the initial expense in time and money to set them up—require virtually no compromise in convenience. In fact, some may even make tasks more efficient or add functionality. Below are three examples.
Password Manager
Passwords are not elegant. To be worth anything they must be hard to guess, which usually makes them hard to remember. To make matters worse, users are often required to change their passwords on a regular basis, like every 90 days.
But the Web is the worst part. A typical user might have 15-30 user accounts that each require a password. Perniciously, most users soon tire of mentally maintaining a portfolio of unique passwords and relent to using the same password for every web site account. It has been said that the easiest way to steal passwords is to create an online service that requires a password. Whatever password a new user submits is most likely the same password for a dozen other online services.
The way to stop this wheel of pain is to use a password manager. A password manager is software that securely stores all of your passwords. Instead of having to remember 30 or more passwords, with a password manager you only need to know one—the password that unlocks the password manager.
Because so many passwords people must remember are for web sites, the best password managers integrate with web browsers. Using a password manager, logging into a website requires no thought—a simple keystroke retrieves the password from the password safe and fills in the username and password fields. When creating a new account at a website, the password manager generates a password for you so you don't have to waste any thought coming up with a unique, unguessable password.
My favorite password manager is 1Password for OS X. It has saved me a lot of time and grief. Life is too short to manage passwords.
Full Disk Encryption
Another elegant security solution is disk encryption, which encrypts part or all of a hard disk. It is probably the most transparent security solution on this list because aside from entering in a password, the user is unaware that data is encrypted—there is almost no perceptible slow-down in performance. And, once encrypted, you don't have to worry about losing your hard drive or protecting certain documents. All of your data are protected all of the time. I currently use PGP Desktop 9.10 for Mac.
I've done a lot of traveling in the last few months and so have used a lot of public Internet access points at airports, hotels, and other locations. Public Internet access points are not always securely configured. In some hotels for example, it is possible to sniff or eavesdrop on the Internet traffic of other guests at the hotel accessing the Internet. This is an easy way to collect passwords and other information.
One elegant solution to this problem is a VPN, or Virtual Private Network. The purpose of a VPN is to create a secure connection through an untrusted network to a trusted one. For example, my VPN creates a secure, encrypted connection to Georgia State University, no matter where I am in the world. All my traffic first is sent to GSU's network, which I trust, and from there it continues unencrypted to sites I wish to access.
A VPN is elegant because once the VPN connection is established, all traffic is encrypted seamlessly in the background. You can access the Internet as you normally would, but now all of your Internet traffic is encrypted and safe from eavesdroppers.
My favorite VPN client is Shimo. Not only does it support a wide variety of VPN types, it is dead simple. Creating a VPN connection, even with CISCO VPN's, only takes one button click. Plus, if I suspend my laptop while a VPN connection is active Shimo will automatically create a new VPN connection when the laptop wakes.
PGP Whole Disk Encryption comes to OS X
Yesterday PGP announced the availability of their Whole Disk Encryption (WDE) product for OS X next month. Although disk encryption products for the Mac currently exist (like TrueCrypt and FileVault), these solutions only encrypt part of a hard drive, such as a user's home directory.
Full disk encryption (which is what WDE provides), on the other hand, encrypts every bit on a hard drive—in used or free space. This is important, because forensics products such as EnCase and FTK are very good at finding traces of sensitive information in unused disk space and temporary files like the swap. With full disk encryption, EnCase and FTK are ineffective if an encrypted machine is powered off.
Another reason why PGP WDE for Mac is exciting is because PGP is a highly respected security company and it's WDE has been tested by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to meet its Federal Information Processing Standard 140-2 (FIPS 140-2). Both the reputation of PGP and the FIPS-140 certification indicate that encryption algorithms employed in WDE have been implemented correctly. This is crucial because even secure encryption algorithms can be easily broken if implemented poorly.
Full disk encryption is a great tool for any organization to protect sensitive information. In the next year, Georgia State University will require that PGP Whole Disk Encryption be installed on every laptop, workstation, or server that stores sensitive information. If every organization followed a similar policiy, privacy breaches would not be the almost-weekly security farce that they are today.
Disable SSH Password Authentication with OS X 10.5 Leopard
I have a Mac running OS X 10.5 Leopard on my home network that I have made accessible from the Internet so I can remotely access it using SSH (Secure Shell) when I am away.
However, there are many popular SSH password brute force cracking tools (such as Hydra). Below is an excerpt from /var/log/secure.log on the Internet-accessible Mac showing an obvious brute force attack:
06:15:20 sshd[54623]: Invalid user jeff from 22.214.171.124
06:15:22 sshd[54625]: Invalid user irc from 18.104.22.168
06:15:24 sshd[54629]: Invalid user list from 126.96.36.199
06:15:25 sshd[54631]: Invalid user eleve from 184.108.40.206
06:15:27 sshd[54633]: Invalid user proxy from 18.104.22.168
06:17:28 sshd[54700]: Invalid user admin from 188.8.131.52
06:17:32 sshd[54702]: Invalid user admin from 126.96.36.199
06:17:36 sshd[54704]: Invalid user admin from 188.8.131.52
06:17:39 sshd[54706]: Invalid user administrator from 188.8.131.52
06:17:43 sshd[54708]: Invalid user administrator from 188.8.131.52
06:17:46 sshd[54710]: Invalid user administrator from 18.104.22.168
06:17:49 sshd[54712]: Invalid user tads from 22.214.171.124
06:17:52 sshd[54714]: Invalid user manet from 18.104.22.168
06:17:55 sshd[54716]: Invalid user creative from 220.127.116.11
06:18:00 sshd[54718]: Invalid user manet from 188.8.131.52
What I am not showing you are hundreds of similar attempts. Further, each username login attempt repeats as many as 20 times in a row, indicating that multiple passwords are being tried.
To entirely sidestep the threat of brute force password attacks, I have disabled password logins and only allow public-key authentication. Here is how you can set this up in OS X 10.5 Leopard:
- Edit /etc/sshd_config and change the following options, removing the '#' comment sign:
PasswordAuthentication no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
- Turn off Remote Login in the Sharing preference pane in System Preferences and turn it on again to restart sshd so the changes will take effect.
Now, when someone attempts to SSH to my Mac without the correct private key, she/he will see this message:
Finally, to avoid more log entries of ssh brute force password attempts, I've changed the default port for SSH. To my mind, this also reduces the risk of an SSH zero-day exploit.
FileVault—A Cryptographic Analysis
I recently read an excellent presentation (click here for the PDF) entitled "VileFault" on the cryptographic mechanics of Mac OS X's FileVault, a disk encryption utility. This is the first independent assessment I have read of FileVault. Other blog entries about FileVault can be found here, here, and here.
FileVault is a Mac OS X disk encryption utility that encrypts a user's entire home directory (which contains all of a users documents and files but not programs). The Enterprise and Ultimate editions of Windows Vista contain a similar program called BitLocker Drive Encryption. An excellent open source drive encryption program, TrueCrypt, also exists. I think all of these programs mark a favorable trend toward more secure mobile computing.
To summarize the presentation, FileVault can be considered secure if it is used properly. To use FileVault effectively, users must avoid three vulnerabilities. First, users should use encrypted swap files by checking the "use secure virtual memory" setting in the security system setting panel.
Second, users should disable the Safe Sleep feature in OS X. Safe Sleep, like the Windows Hibernate feature, saves whatever is in memory to disk when the laptop battery gets too low. Unfortunately, the Safe Sleep file is not encrypted, allowing others to search for sensitive information using the "strings" or other string parsing tool.
Third, like many encryption solutions, the weakest link is usually the user's password. The best encryption in the world can't secure against simple passwords that can be cracked by a computer program in a matter of minutes. If you use a weak password, don't bother using FileVault or any other form of encryption.
Interestingly, developer builds of Mac OS X Leopard show that FileVault has been significantly updated. It would be interesting to see another cryptographic assessment of FileVault after Leopard is release.
2006 Top 100 Security Tools
This week Insecure.org released the 2006 results of the top 100 security tools survey. The survey was performed by polling 3,243 active NMAP users (one of the most popular network security programs) on their preferred security tools. Most of the tools are free and open source and many were designed for the Unix/Linux platform.
It is a curiosity that the list of top 100 security programs could easily be called the top 100 hacking programs?both security practitioners and hackers use nearly the same toolset. For this reason it is useful to peruse this list and become familiar with the more popular tools in order to understand available capabilities for ensuring/defeating system security.


text:
A Community in Good Health
Our metro area is server by nearly 1,000 doctors, 200 dentists, three hospitals, and five health maintenance organizations. Neenah is home to Theda Clark Medical Center, a 250-bed acute care hospital that is ranked among the "Top 100 Hospitals" in the United States and is the area's only American College of Surgeons' Verified Level II Trauma Center. Theda Clark operates ThaedaStar Air Medical Helicopter and is also home to Children's Hospital of Wisconsin - Fox Valley, including the area's only neo-natal intensive care unit.
Health care services are also provided by:
Affinity Health System is a multi-specialty group practice and a number of independent clinics and physicians.
ThedaCare Physicians have two Neenah locations. ThedaCare Physicians have eight family practice physicians, three pediatricians and several nurse practitioners.


text:
Workplace Readiness Training
Many immigrants come to Canada as skilled and experienced professionals. However, language and other limitations can interfere with intentions to launch into the workforce. Workplace Readiness Training courses are designed to improve English language skills for the Canadian workplace, build awareness of cultural norms and expectations within a professional setting, and teach effective strategies to successfully start a career.
- Workplace Communication for IT Professionals
- Ready to Teach (RTT)
- Pathway to Business Language Training Program
- ENGL 119 Employment Preparation
- ENGL 121 English for Canadian Communication
Workplace Communication for IT Professionals
Are you a foreign-trained and experienced IT professional with no Canadian work experience? Workplace Communication for IT Professionals (WCIT) provides enhanced language skills training for newcomers who are interested in entering the Canadian IT workplace.
This course provides:
- Eight-week, 240-hour language and communications upgrading (30 hours/week)
- Eight-week practicum in the workplace
- Mentorship through the Calgary Region Immigrant Employment Council (CRIEC)
- Guest speakers
- Workplace readiness training
Admission Requirements
Applicants must:
- Hold a degree or technical diploma in a computer science, or computer engineering discipline or equivalent
- Have at least two years related IT-related experience in their own country
- Demonstrate a Canadian Language Benchmark level 7 in all skills (6 may be for writing)
- Be enthusiastic about learning Canadian workplace culture and language
- January 12 - May 1, 2015
- August 24 - December 11, 2015
Price: $4850
Funding is available for qualified applicants.
To apply, email your resumé to firstname.lastname@example.com and include a letter of intent specifying why you are interested in this program. For more information call 403.284.8798.
Ready to Teach (RTT)
SAIT Polytechnic's Ready to Teach (RTT) program is offered to professionally and instructionally skilled newcomers, who can contribute to the development of the Canadian workforce by sharing their skills and knowledge in the post-secondary education system.
RTT is designed to help highly skilled newcomers with backgrounds in post-secondary instruction to enhance their language skills in order communicate effectively within the Canadian post-secondary system, and to gain the confidence necessary for presentation of self and technical concepts in front of a diverse group of learners.
The RTT program concentrates on professional language, cultural fit, practicum placement, workplace readiness training and coaching, labour-market analyses, and employment.
Completion of the program will assist the integration of participants into the Alberta post-secondary instructional labour force- an occupation equal to their formal training, abilities and past experience.
The program provides 60 hours of in-class work and an Instructional Skills Workshop.
Entrance Requirements:
- Instructionally experienced, professionally skilled immigrants with a minimum Masters level graduates
- Demonstrate a CLB level 7 in all skill areas
- A willingness, desire and capacity to pursue an instructional career
- Appropriate credentials/experience in the professional or technical field in which they will be teaching
Program Dates: January 17 - March 21, 2015
Cost: $1,195
To apply, email your resumé to firstname.lastname@example.com. For more information call 403.284.8798.
Pathway to Business Language Training Program
Are you interested in a career in business? Are you planning to apply to a main program at the SAIT School of Business?
Do your communication skills need improvement? This FREE full-time language training program is a pathway in the School of Business - one that is specific and unique to the needs of second language learners.
Students will:
- Focus on performance of oral communication and writing skills, while employing career-related terminology, procedures and workplace-specific jargon
- Build awareness of cultural norms, assumption and expectations within a Canadian workplace setting
- Apply occupation-related content and context to assist in language development
The training includes:
- 15 weeks of intensive workplace language, culture and skills training with a focus on the Workplace Essential Skills required for success in the workplace
- Orientation by the School of Business around the expectations of the course
- Guest speakers from industry
- Access to SAIT Polytechnic resources for job search and career management
Admission Requirements
Applicants must:
- Have a Canadian Language Benchmark of 6 or higher
- Be a landed immigrant
- Require English training to secure employment
- Be prepared to submit a resumé
Dates: To be determined.
To apply, email your resumé to firstname.lastname@example.com. For more information call 403.284.8798.
ENGL 119 - Employment Preparation
ENGL 119 - Employment Preparation is a four-week employment skills course aimed at easing second language learners into the Canadian workplace. Topics include resumé and cover letter writing, job interview preparation, participating in business meetings and delivering a business presentation. Students enjoy hands-on practice, role play, detailed evaluation and peer feedback.
Prerequisites: CLBA 7
Course dates: To be determined.
For more information, please call 403.210.4045 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
ENGL 121 - English for Canadian Communication
ENGL 121 - English for Canadian Communication is a course focused on skills needed for Canadian interpersonal and organizational culture. Students are ESL speakers who wish to gain certain skills to come with work life in Canada, focusing on aspects involving:
- Understanding conflict and how to respond to it
- Participating effectively in groups
- Receiving and responding to negative and positive feedback
- Dealing with difficult personality traits
- Build awareness of cultural norms, assumption and expectations within a Canadian workplace setting
- Apply occupation-related content and context to assist in language development
Prerequisites: CLBA 7
Course dates: To be determined.
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- Solution overview
- Solution details - selected tab,
The Stonesoft Next Generation Firewall uniquely integrates: Next Generation Security: With integrated firewall/IPS functionality, Stonesoft FW/VPN thoroughly inspects all aspects of your network traffic, from basic Web browsing to peer-to-peer applications and encrypted Web traffic in the SSL tunnel. With deep packet inspection support of more than 60 protocols and 900 applications, Stonesoft FW/VPN will stop all modern attacks against your enterprise.
Next Generation Availability & Scalability: Stonesoft's patented high availability technologies are built into the Stonesoft Next Generation Firewall to ensure zero downtime and optimized uptime. Active/active clustering for up to 16 devices, server load balancing, unlimited ISP load balancing and seamless VPN failover are all included at no extra charge.
Next Generation Management: Unlike other network security solutions, Stonesoft FW/VPN enables monitoring, alerting, troubleshooting, managing and reporting from a single management console and database, giving you proactive control of both physical and virtual environments. With third-party event management, rules optimization and workflows for policy enforcement you can manage and update hundreds of firewalls just as easily as one.
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Functional details
Stonesoft Firewall/VPN features:
- Internet ISP load balancing
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Care for Your New Pet
Congratulations on your New Pet!
Oops… the new dog just left you a surprise on your white carpet or your new cat just hissed, ran under the bed and will not move. What happens now? Yes, this may happen to you within the first few hours or within the first few days and it does take patience and time for all new pets to adjust. Most of our animals are rescued from Maricopa County Animal Care and Control or the Humane Society so we do not know their past stories or if they have good house manners. Foothills Animal Rescue wants to make sure that you and your New Pet have a smooth transition from shelter to their final home. Our Cat and Dog Guides will help to answer questions, provide a resource and instructions on certain situations or issues that may arise when getting a New Pet. Not all situations are addressed and a certified trainer may be the best help with challenging issues. Be Patient is the first advice that we give all of our New Pet Owners!
Contents include: Introductions to other Pets, Family Members and Your House; House training; Diet Recommendations; Separation Anxiety; Leash Training and Poisonous Food/Plants to be aware of.
Virtual Pet Behaviorist from ASPCA: http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/virtual-pet-behaviorist
26 Household items that are poisonous to Cats and Dogs: http://shine.yahoo.com/pets/26-household-items-poisonious-cats-38-dogs-130200299.html


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28 January 2015
Book Reviews
CW Games
Fantasy Cricket
Games & Downloads
Stats Spider
Book Review
Nathan Astle
Nathan Astle with Phil Gifford
Hodder Moa
1.5 stars
By Archie Mac
04 Feb 2008
* Nathan Astle is a quiet man by nature
* Nathan Astle has very good hand-eye coordination
* Nathan Astle is a nice guy
* Nathan Astle is liked by just about everyone
* Nathan Astle was born with an extra thumb
* Nathan Astle comes from a loving family and is a family orientated person
* Nathan Astle rarely speaks at team meetings, but when he does everyone listens
* Nathan Astle is very good friends with Stephen Fleming, they once shared a flat together
* Nathan Astle likes to play golf to relax
* Nathan Astle and Craig McMillan married sisters
* Nathan Astle is a very neat and tidy person
All great stuff! I am just not sure that it should have taken me 222 pages to learn those few interesting facts. To be fair the book did pick up in the last couple of chapters, when Astle talks about his dropping from the Black Caps and his deteriorating relationship with Coach John Bracewell, but even this is handled rather tamely, with Astle constantly writing along the lines of; "another player which I am reluctant to name".
He hints on occasions that he was not always impressed with fellow players such as Adam Parore, and Chris Cairns, or some of the Black Caps coaches that he came into contact with during his long career.
But hints are all we have, as for his take on the 81 Test Matches and 223 ODIs he played in, the following sums that up "We play so much cricket now that to run through every tour, every test (sic) series, every one-day international series would be as exhausting for you as it would be for me".
Instead we are given highlights of just half a dozen Test Matches, and even these are mostly match reports lifted from Cricinfo.
Maybe someone should explain to the authors that this is supposed to be an autobiography of an international cricketer, and the reader (who I imagine is some sort of a cricket fan) wants to read about some international cricket and some of the behind the scenes workings and off field controversies that occurred during the career of the subject.
I came on a one week holiday with three cricket books to read (the others being
Turn, Turn, Turn...Please & Gordon Greenidge
) four days in and I have finished the lot, but it was only this one that I felt tempted to give up on, in fact I was almost tempted to steal my wife's book
Ice Station
by Matthew Reilly, but she refused to swap. I knew I should have brought four.
One other thing, test, as in Test cricket is always spelt with a capital 'T', although I do realise that fixing this would not make this book any more interesting (to be fair this is standard in New Zealand). It should be said that there are a minimum of typos in the book, in fact I can not remember any off hand except in the spelling of Shaun as Sean, as in Shaun Pollock.
Give this a miss; even fans of Nathan Astle (which I am one of) will be comatose.
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Consumer Reports announces Top 10 most reliable domestic cars
Consumer Reports has released its top 10 list of predicted most reliable domestic-built cars from the 2012 Annual Auto Survey. The researchers chewed through their data to come up with the best vehicles in each respective segment.
The Top 10 most reliable domestic cars also had to earn a reliability rating of "average" or better and score high enough in Consumer Reports testing to earn a "recommended" rating to make this lucky list. Although highly-rated cars like the Canadian-built Chrysler 300 may come as no surprise, the list does contain a few unsung hero's from Chevrolet, Cadillac and Ford too.
Click here for a closer look at the Top 10 most reliable domestic cars and check out these short videos by Consumer Reports.
Image Source: Copyright 2012 AOL / Respective Owners
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American Heart Association Suggests Seven Steps to Reduce Cancer
This week, the American Heart Association released a new report: Heart-healthy lifestyle also reduces cancer risk.
According to new research in the American Heart Association journal Circulation, the report details how its Life's Simple 7, a list of seven factors that can reduce your risk for heart disease, can also help prevent cancer.
With cancer now expected to hit 1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women in the United States, any research that demonstrates ways in which we can reduce our risk is huge, not only for the health of our families, but also for the health of country and our economy.
According to the research, following six or seven of the factors outlined in their program reduced the risk of cancer by 51 percent (compared with those who did not meet any of the steps).
That's big news. And a very real and tangible plan of action, especially in light of the fact that the President's Cancer Panel has reported that 41% of us are expected to get cancer in our lifetime.
And while trying to do all seven might seem daunting, if you were to meet just four of the steps, it could result in a 33 percent risk reduction and meeting just one or two could lead to a 21 percent reduction.
So while none of us can do everything, all of us can do something, and if even doing one or two things can help reduce someone's cancer risk by 21 percent, it makes sense to take action.
According to the American Heart Association, here are the seven steps:
- Being physically active
- Keeping a healthy weight
- Eating a healthy diet
- Maintaining healthy cholesterol levels
- Keeping blood pressure down
- Regulating blood sugar levels
- Not smoking
What is remarkable is that this research emphasizes the important role that other factors, besides quitting smoking, play in our ability to prevent cancer.
And so many of these solutions can be found in the kitchen. How to get started? Consider trying one of the following.
- Eat less processed foods to reduce exposure to added sugar and salt
- Drink more water
- Try a meatless Monday to get more veggies into your weekly diet
- Cook more since prepared meals are often loaded with fats, sugar and salt
- Take the stairs. Moving just a little bit more adds up.
- Grow something even if it's a lima bean in a cup like you did as a kid. It's inspiring and will reconnect you with food.
And remember, this is about progress not perfection. Don't make the perfect the enemy of the good. Focus on what you can do, where you are, with what you have, and those little changes will add up.
Follow Robyn on Twitter @unhealthytruth and on Facebook.
American Heart Association (2013, March 18). Heart-healthy lifestyle also reduces cancer risk. Co-authors are: Christina M. Shay, Ph.D., M.A.; Judith G. Abramson, M.D., M.S.C.I.; Christopher A. Friedrich, M.D., Ph.D.; Jennifer A. Nettleton, Ph.D.; Anna E. Prizment, Ph.D., M.P.H.; and Aaron R. Folsom, M.D., M.P.H.
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Great conditioning to avoid your blonde going brassy or yellow! Smells great too! A grapey scent.
It's super blue so it was starteling at first as it was all over my shower curtain...it washed right off with water.
Love the way my hair feels after using this with the shampoo.
I use this in conjunction with the Blonda toning shampoo and love it. A little bit of a lighter purple color than the shampoo, but is really moisturizing. If it's one thing that blondes need, it's a good moisturizing conditioner and it does just that. I usually work the conditioner all through my hair and leave it on for 2-3 minutes and my hair is pretty soft afterwards. A little pricy, but worth it for the results I get.


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Customer Reviews | Write a Review |
by Wendy | Date Added: Tuesday 12 August, 2014 |
Perfect for the costume I was putting together.
by chelsey | Date Added: Friday 08 August, 2014 |
Bought this for a prior outfit that I had bought and it looks lovely together. Very during thick real like material. Great buy at a great price
by Tara | Date Added: Tuesday 01 April, 2014 |
Very happy with this purchase and it took me forever to find it and it was just what I needed. I bought this gorgeous high-waisted long skirt and it needs a nice wide statement belt. I didn't want a stretchy one because they move too much. This is not only a nice sturdy leather but it's not overly decorated and gives just enough pull with the small elastic piece in the back. You can't beat the price and it was delivered exactly the day I needed it!! Couldn't be happier with the purchase and will order from this supplier again!!
by Jen | Date Added: Sunday 08 September, 2013 |
This belt is made out of good materials. I think it looks a little weird if it's not cinched up all the way. I like wearing it with dresses and bulky blouses that I wished had more of a waist shape to them.
Items 1 - 4 of 4 reviews | 1 |


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Free graphics - Cartoon dollz - Edited bases
All dolls on this site are copyright material. The terms of use must be followed every time you use something from this site be it a doll or something else. All dolls on this page are made with bases from other people, the rest was drawn by the webmistress.
Base from Emby Quinn's Cartoon Dolls
Base from Tiaz Dollz
The layout of this site and all graphics are the property of the web mistress (unless otherwise mentioned or used for advertising purposes and the like) and may only be used according to the terms of use. Copyright © 2000-10 by Guđrun Jacobsen. - Site launched on: November 25th, 2002


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Tue, Mar 9, 10 at 18:19
Someone please tell me if my my babies look ok? This is my first experience with seeds.
The one in the front in my PaintedLady X and the 6 in the back are Texas Star hibiscus. I'm going to move the hibiscus to small cups when they get their second set of leaves. I also have two more brugs getting ready to break th
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by danasplants 9a (My Page) on Tue, Mar 9, 10 at 19:59
Looking good I have a few angels flight seedlings that size first for me. Fun to grow from seed! good luck! |
I hope they are okay lol cuz all of mine look like that. I think they are fine. Cassie |
- Posted by karyn1 MD 7 (email@example.com) on Wed, Mar 10, 10 at 6:54
They look good to me. Just make sure that you have enough light. If you are using fluorescent bulbs keep them very close, almost touching the seedlings. Any lights that generate heat have to be kept further away. Good luck. Looks like you are off to a good start. |
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Ode To Conservatism
[Beneath The Spin]
The mighty King of Beastshas met his prey,and this tender morsel'son the menu today;But his fearsome roarhits unhearing ears, andhis deadly fangsbites flesh that won't tear,so the pending demographicof this exchange,alerts the kingthat his role has changed.
The mighty King wisheshe'd passed on this prey,but now he's forced to continue;for he's awakened the sleepingboa constrictor,and the monarchis now on the menu.
As he squirmed and wiggledand struggled for air,and pleaded with a boawho didn't have ears,his last thought on Earthwent something like this -It was my arrogant hubristhat led to this fix.
For more columns by Eric Wattree please see wattree.blogspot.com
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Duke v North Carolina State live stream 2/16/2012
NCAA College Basketball, Thursday, February 16, 2012 21:00 pm ET
Also you can find cheap tv processing program. Enjoy this season live NCAA College Basketball basketball gvfbsports with exclusive entertainment page. Don't miss this game today. All kinds of International Events NCAA College Basketball basketball live match. NCAA College Basketball basketball online HD video and TV link in here . Don't hesitate to join us and enjoy Live Match.
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Related News: Duke – North Carolina State
Doug Gottlieb's Bubble Watch – ESPN (blog)
Lexington Herald Leader  Doug Gottlieb's Bubble WatchOn March 13, you'll be sitting on the edge of your sofa watching a college basketball game between unranked schools such as Seton Hall and NC State in the NCAA tournament's first round. Odds are you won't know the name of a single player on either team … Read More
Bubble (2): Miami, North Carolina State – FOXSports.com
Bubble (2): Miami, North Carolina StateIf they could beat North Carolina at home on Wednesday, they could give themselves a little breathing room down the stretch. Miami is playing well enough to pull it off. NC State (18-7 overall, 7-3 conference, RPI 50, SOS 56): It could get bumpy for … See the original post
Game Notes: vs. NC State, Feb. 16, 9 PM, ACC Network – GoDuke.com
FS South  Game Notes: vs. NC State, Feb. 16, 9 PM, ACC NetworkDuke (21-4, 8-2) hosts NC State (18-7, 7-3) on Thursday, Feb. 16 at Cameron Indoor Stadium. Tipoff is set for 9:00 pm • Tim Brando (play-by-play) and Mike Gminski (analyst) will call the game for the ACC Network. • Duke jumped five spots in both polls … Read More
Duke Basketball: Ranking Best 10 Teams of All Time – Bleacher Report
Bleacher Report  Duke Basketball: Ranking Best 10 Teams of All TimeThe Duke Blue Devils have been a staple of the NCAA ever since Mike Krzyzewski took over in the early 1980's. He has won four championships with the team and is the winningest coach in Men's Division-I history. He has turned Duke into a national … Read more here
Tar Heel Basketball: UNC at Miami Inside the Numbers – Keeping It Heel
Baltimore SportsReport.com  Tar Heel Basketball: UNC at Miami Inside the NumbersCarolina comes in still stung by the bee known as Austin Rivers after a devastating home loss to Duke. The ACC is a wide open race with Florida State and Duke now tied with UNC for conference supremacy. Every game is a must win from here on out. Read More
K urges Duke to shake off winning shot, focus on future – Gaston Gazette
Bleacher Report  K urges Duke to shake off winning shot, focus on futureWhat was viewed during the first session could be considered an Oscar-worthy performance straight from the hallowed archives of Duke basketball history — the 1991 Final Four upset of undefeated juggernaut UNLV. "One of the biggest things that's … See the original article here
This article is placed on the site http://live—watch.com and protected by § 512 of the US Copyright Law under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).Any copying or reproduction on another site is prohibited.
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'Brainwash' by Joseph Art |
Once upon a time, there was a place called America.
because speaking the truth is itself revolutionary....
'Brainwash' by Joseph Art |
'Brainwash' by Joseph Art |
Astra is one of the clever monkeys occupying space on the Third Planet From The Sun. While it was an early wish of Astra's to be one of the first to go to Proxima Centauri, he knows this is not to be; instead, you can find him here (some of the time) using simple tools to create communication.
Holding up a mirror and saying "Looky! Mistofer Emperor! Y'ain't wearin' no clothes!" is but one of the services he provides here. Others are subverting prevailing wisdom, peeing in people's Cheerios, trashing on their Imaginary Friends (he does this a lot,) and shifting paradigms without benefit of a clutch.
He lives in Portlandia, in the People's Republic of Oregon, where he hopes he'll never have to learn the true meaning of some of his dystopian fiction.


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Los Angeles, CA -- (ReleaseWire) -- 09/19/2012 -- The owners and real estate agents at Cercacasa.it recently posted a number of new listings for customers to look through as part of the busy fall period. As people continue to look for a new home, business location or warehouse all over the country of Italy, the company continues to add listings on a daily basis during this busy time of the year.
The Loiri Porto San Paolo area of Italy continues to grow at an alarming rate. Those doing searches for immobiliare Loiri Porto San Paolo, case Loiri Porto San Paolo and casa Loiri Porto San Paolo want to find quality real estate in the Sardinia region.
Since this area is growing, listings are only lasting for a short amount of time. Customers are encouraged to act quickly on any real estate that interests them. Everything from pictures of the real estate to the specifics can be found online before ever stepping foot on location to check out all that is offered.
To learn more about the new fall listings in the Loiri Porto San Paolo area, visit http://cercacasa.it/annunci/italia/sardegna/olbia-tempio/loiri-porto-san-paolo?contratto=Vendita.
About Cercacasa.it
Cercacasa.it is a top real estate website catering to the different regions of Italy. Customers get all of the information on listings straight from the website. With updates on a regular basis, there are always new listings to view and areas to explore within the country of Italy.


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Cabinet Making
I have used the term cabinet making for this pastime as it best fits my present involvement though much of my earlier activity would best be described as woodwork of a DIY nature. As I have mentioned elsewhere my woodwork started at the age of 8 making model boats.
At the age of 23, however, I found myself making virtually a house full of furniture. Wanting to purchase a house there was little cash left after finding the deposit required and so making the furniture was virtually the only option as people did not dispose of furniture so readily in those days so second hand was not an option.
The home made furniture was largely screwed together using blocks of wood in the corners with screws into each part being joined. As MFI started up soon after this time I often wonder if Mr MFI ever visited us. The furniture lasted some 12 years so it served its purpose well.
Food Trolley
We eventually went up market and acquired a large number of Ercol pieces. It was wishing to obtain a food trolley from their range that eventually resulted in me moving into the realm of cabinet making as the trolley had been removed from their catalogue so I decided that I would attempt to make one.
To make this possible I purchased a circular saw bench, planer thicknesser, band saw and a router table and a number of routers, one for the table and the remainder for hand use. The trolley gained me a bronze medal at the 2004 Woodworking exhibition at the National Exhibition Centre and was also well received by the family, as a result other items have since been added most of the larger ones of which can be seen in the pictures published on the site.
This is for me the most satisfying pastime as I like the artistic aspect of designing ones own items. If anyone would like to make the trolley, the design for this was eventually published in the Practical Woodworking and Routing magazine, April 2005.
Those interested in cabinet making may like to know that the timber used is "American Red Elm" This was purchased as sawn planks which I found quite easy to use, it was though rather variable in colour making matching the board to the part of the project quite a challenge, especially as in the sawn condition the eventual colour is not so evident. Another challenge was to locate a supplier as there were very few within the UK. My first batch was purchased from Timbmet but as they were unable to satisfy further requirements I went to Tyler Hardwoods Ltd who seem to have a reliable supply.
I was most concerned about my ability to apply the finish to the timber but need not have done so as I have found this surprisingly easy. A Precatalised Lacquer was used on top of sanding basecoat, the lacquer could be sanded with a fine paper to take out any irregularities, runs on vertical surfaces typically, something that you could not do say with a painted surface. It was finally worked over with grade 0000 steel wool impregnated with a wax polish. Even making local repairs could be made by sanding out the fault and re lacquering without there being any visible indication that any work had been carried out on the finish. The lacquer was primarily intended for spray application but worked well using a brush. It was obtained from Rydenor Woodfinishes
Click on pictures for a larger image