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Karus appoints Simon Roitt and Peter Finan
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AnaptysBio appoints Marco Londei as chief development officer
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Grünenthal Group appoints Sascha Becker as group chief financial officer
German pharma company Grünenthal Group has appointed Sascha Becker as group chief financial officer,…
Shire interim chief financial officer James Bowling to step down after Q1 2015
James Bowling, interim chief financial officer of Ireland-headquartered drugmaker Shire, has stepped…
Bruno Lucidi appointed permanent CEO of Karolinska Development
Swedish drug developer Karolinska Development has named Bruno Lucidi as permanent chief executive.
BoardroomKarolinska DevelopmentManagementPharmaceuticalSweden
Increase in women appointed to life science boards, but their talent needs to be better managed
Although life science company boards are recruiting more women, a lack of managing their talent during…
BoardroomBusinessCorporate governanceManagementPharmaceutical
Bengt Julander appointed chairman of the board at Pharmalink
Swedish orphan and niche product specialist Pharmalink has appointed Bengt Julander as chairman of the…
Three members of Novartis' executive committee will leave company in 2015
Swiss drug major Novartis has announced that three members of its executive committee will leave the…
BoardroomEli LillyGlaxoSmithKlineNovartisPharmaceuticalSwitzerland
Norgine appoints Christopher Bath as vice president of global finance
European specialty pharmaceutical company Norgine has appointed Christopher Bath as vice president of…
BoardroomBusiness FinanceChristopher BathNorginePharmaceutical
Takeda appoints John Boslego as senior vice president of its global vaccine business unit
Japan's largest drugmaker Takeda Pharmaceutical has appointed John Boslego as senior vice president…
Anti-viralsBoardroomJapanPharmaceuticalTakeda Pharmaceutical
Aeterna Zentaris names Philip Theodore as SVP
Canadian biopharmaceutical company Aeterna Zentaris has named Philip Theodore as senior vice president,…
Aeterna ZentarisBoardroomCanadaPharmaceuticalPhilip Theodore
PDL BioPharma appoints Danny Hart as vice president of business development
PDL BioPharma has appointed Danny Hart as vice president of business development.
Satish Jindal appointed to lead drug discovery at Allied-Bristol Life Sciences
Satish Jindal has been appointed to lead the discovery of drug candidates from leading academic institutions…
Mast Therapeutics names Edwin Parsley as CMO
US-based clinical biopharmaceutical company Mast Therapeutics has named Edwin Parsley, has joined the…
Relmada appoints Julie Chen as Director of Finance and Operations
US pain therapeutic specialists Relmada Therapeutics has appointed Julie Chen as its Director of Finance…
Zynerba Pharmaceuticals announces CEO and president
USA-based specialty pharmaceutical company Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, focused on innovative transdermal…
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Ritter appoints Michael Step as chief executive
Privately-held gastrointestinal company Ritter Pharmaceuticals has appointed Michael Step as chief executive.
NeoGenomics appoints Robert Shovlin as chief operating officer
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Karolinska Development appoints Klaus Wilgenbus as interim chief executive
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BiotechnologyBoardroomKarolinska DevelopmentKlaus WilgenbusSweden
Jay Feingold appointed CMO at ADC Therapeutics amid large-scale hiring drive
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Verona Pharma appoints Biresh Roy as chief financial officer
UK respiratory specialist Verona Pharma has appointed Biresh Roy as chief financial officer and member…
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Moshe Manor appointed president and chief executive of Protalix BioTherapeutics
Israeli pharma company Protalix BioTherapeutics has appointed Moshe Manor as its new president and chief…
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GlaxoSmithKline confirms Sir Philip Hampton to be chairman
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Soligenix appoints Rasappa Arumugham as vice president of biopharma development
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Avillion appoints Jarrod Longcor as chief business officer
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As we get closer to April, it's that time of year when many of us are renewing our farm license tags. As many of you may not know, individuals purchasing farm license plates in Kentucky may make a $10 donation to the state 4-H and FFA youth programs through the Kentucky Department of Agriculture. This donation is split evenly between Kentucky Proud, 4-H and FFA. Of the FFA portion, 50 percent stays with the State FFA Foundation and 50 percent goes to the local FFA chapter.
Last week's Bill Nye/Ken Ham debate over the viability of Creationism probably did not change any minds, but it may have opened some. For decades, the secularists have pushed the narrative that science and faith are like oil and water.
In regard to complaints made by the public about not being provided inside accommodations during executive sessions of the City of Taylorsville's public meetings, there were several statements made by Mayor Don Pay, City Clerk Steve Biven and City Attorney Dudley Dale that were far from the truth. In the Feb. 13 Magnet article "AG says local government shouldn't kick public to the curb," Pay stated, "In eight years of being mayor, this has never come up."
My name is Dave Barnes and I have called and went before the board and complained. Our county officials don't want to hear it. Go online and you will find mountains of information on coal ash and you will see the bad far outweighs the good. The state does not use it. The federal government does not want to label it hazardous material, because they would then be responsible for billions in cleanup and health issues.
We read with great interest the opinion piece in last week's paper regarding Family Court Judge John David Myles. The portrayal of Judge Myles could not be further from our experience with him and his Court. Judge Myles was always prepared, professional and fair to all who appeared before him. He is a passionate advocate for children, education and families. Add to that a loyal friend, devoted husband and hard worker.
The day is finally here. Ever since Judge John David Myles was first elected to take the bench of the Family Court Division of the 53rd Judicial Circuit in November 2006, I have waited to write this letter. He has recently announced he will seek a second term in the next election.
I am writing in response to the article about winter road-clearing operations. Spencer County uses cinders, a form of coal ash. Coal ash is the waste that is left after coal is combusted. Now, this letter is not an attack on coal. I am just providing the facts about what is left after you burn coal. Coal ash typically contains heavy metals including arsenic, barium, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and selenium, to list a few. If inhaled, these toxins can cause cancer, respiratory distress and other health issues.
We must give credit where credit is due. We want to thank Mayor Don Pay and the Taylorsville City Commission for doing right by residents and other interested parties who attended the special meeting Thursday night, Feb. 6,

subset: commoncrawl


text: Court Rules for Indian Religious Freedom On April 3, 1998, Judge William F. Downes of the U.S. District Court in Wyoming ruled that the National Park Service's climbing management plan at Devils Tower National Monument is constitutional. In his ruling, Judge Downes stated that "...the voluntary climbing ban is a policy that has been carefully crafted to balance the competing needs of individuals using Devils Tower National Monument while, at the same time, obeying the edicts of the Constitution." Judge Downs upheld all aspects of the Park Service's program, stating that "While the purposes behind the voluntary climbing ban are directly related to Native American religious practices, ....The purposes underlying the ban are really to remove barriers to religious worship occasioned by public ownership of the Tower. This is in the nature of accommodation, not promotion, and consequently is a legitimate secular purpose.... The government is merely enabling Native Americans to worship in a more peaceful setting. In doing so, the government has no involvement in the manner of worship that takes place, but only provides an atmosphere more conducive to worship." Judge Downes' ruling is expected to be appealed. The Native American Rights Fund filed an amicus curiae brief last year on behalf of the National Congress of American Indians in the District Court of Wyoming in the case of Bear Lodge Multiple Use Association et al v. Babbitt to defend the National Park Service's Climbing Management Plan at Devils Tower National Monument or Mato Tipila (Bear Lodge) from a lawsuit filed by professional climbers that challenged the federal government's ability to voluntarily accommodate free exercise of religion by members of the Eastern Shoshone, Kiowa, Crow, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Lakota Nations. As many as 23 tribes have been identified as being culturally affiliated with Mato Tipila. These tribes have practiced their religious and cultural ceremonies there for centuries. The National Park Service (NPS) sought to limit disruptive activities at the Devils Tower National Monument which it determined placed a burden upon that worship and to protect the cultural resources of those lands. Among other things, the plan called for a voluntary cessation of rock climbing in the month of June so that tribal worship can be conducted in a peaceful setting not disrupted by rock climbers and/or tourists. The month of June is when tribes gather there to conduct sacred religious ceremonies. The National Park Service was sued by rock climbers contending that NPS's actions unconstitutionally violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment and Equal Protection component of the Fifth Amendment. The Park Service implemented the voluntary climbing ban in 1995, after nearly two years of consultation with American Indians, rock climbers, environmentalists, and others. It did so to balance the competing interests of Indians and rock climbers, and to encourage tolerance and respect for Indian religious practices. To promote compliance with the ban, the Park Service posted a sign at the base of the Tower asking visitors to stay on the trail (and away from Indians conducting ceremonies at off-trail locations) and developed a cross-cultural education program which offers information to visitors about the historical and cultural significance of the Tower to American Indians. The vast majority of rock climbers have shown respect for the Indian ceremonials and have supported NPS's climbing ban. In its brief, NARF argued that when reviewing Equal Protection and Establishment Clause challenges to federal action protecting Native American interests, courts do not follow usual legal tests of general application. Instead, courts apply tests which are fundamentally altered by federal law pertaining to Indian tribes, including the Indian trust doctrine. Once the Indian trust doctrine is considered and the altered Equal Protection legal test and its progeny is applied, it becomes clear that NPS's actions are lawful. Under that test, NPS's actions are constitutional so long as "rationally related" to the United States' unique obligations to Indians. Because preservation of Native American culture, including traditional religious practices, is a "legitimate government objective ... such preservation is fundamental to the Federal Government's trust relationship with tribal Native Americans." Thus, NPS's action in this case "represents the Government's protection of the culture of quasi-sovereign Native American tribes and as such, does not represent an establishment of religion in contravention of the First Amendment." NARF continued its argument stating that in today's world where modern government activity is so pervasive, the federal government owns, builds, leases or manages hundreds of religious properties (such as churches, chapels, synagogues, sanctuaries, church camps, etc.) located on federal lands, military reservations, hospitals and correctional institutions across the country. If the Establishment Clause tests were strictly applied, federal ownership of such property might be a facial violation of the Establishment Clause. Of course, such a ruling would not only severely limit the ability of the government to manage such properties, but may also have far reaching consequences regarding the constitutionality of federal ownership of religious property. It is appropriate that the federal Indian trust relationship necessarily includes cultural and religious protection, because these dimensions of Indian life play a critical role in the overall sovereignty of Indian nations. As found by the courts and Congress, cultural vitality profoundly influences tribal governance and is essential to the internal functioning of Indian tribes. As stated by affected Indians in this case: "The well being of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe and its members is intertwined with tribal sacred sites like Mato Tipila. We need to teach and preserve our traditional, cultural and spiritual knowledge in order to continue to determine our own destiny as a sovereign nation. NARF believed that plaintiff Bear Lodge Multiple Use Association's complaint and brief did not appear to deny that their activities disrupt Native ceremonial use of Devil Tower. Most religious worship requires some decree of freedom from intrusive, disruptive behavior, and Native worship is no different in that regard. Without proper government management authority in the context of other religious sites owned by the government, it is easy to imagine conduct by thoughtless, insensitive or ignorant visitors at times when these religious places are being used for worship which is highly disruptive and burdensome to religious practice. For examples: citizens could picnic at the pulpit during religious services or play frisbee in the isles; tourists could intrude into confessional booths during confession to photograph, record or videotape the priest or penitent; visitors could swim in the baptismal pool during baptisms; or, climbers could climb on sacred structures when being used by religious practitioners. While these examples seem absurd in the context of Judeo-Christian religious places due to the public's level of knowledge and respect for those places, similar intrusions occur frequently at Native American religious places due to ignorance and improper management. Indeed, the plaintiffs in this case sought to disrupt the religious solitude and sanctity at Mato Tipila. An Establishment Clause interpretation that prohibits government management of its religious properties in this context presents the danger of unequal treatment of unpopular or unfamiliar religious groups. "Climbers make lots of noise and come near our people when they are praying. By doing this, they disturb our efforts to obtain spiritual guidance. When climbers hammer objects into the butte, it is like they are pounding stakes into our bodies." (Arvol Looking Horse) An inability to curtail disruptive activities would severely interfere with worship in some of America's most historic religious properties located within parks or managed by NPS, such as the Ebenezer Baptist Church at the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site or the San Antonio Missions National Historic Park. Yet, for Native American worship at places like Mato Tipila such a ruling would have created an outright loophole in our constitutional fabric, because such worship is all but impossible without government cooperation. "Praying at places like Mato Tipila also prepares us for life's challenges and gives us inner strength to go anywhere in the world. No matter how strong our bodies and minds are, we cannot survive in this world as Indian people unless our spirits are also healthy and strong. Our spiritual health help us persevere in an often hostile and foreign world." (Steven Vance) U.S. Supreme Court issues ruling in Alaska Tribal Sovereignty Case In a decision decried by one tribal leader as "a breach of honor" the Supreme Court ruled that 1.9 million acres of ancestral lands owned by a remote Alaska Native tribe are no longer under the governmental jurisdiction of the Tribe. The unanimous and unusually short 13-page decision written by Justice Clarence Thomas came in a much-watched landmark case brought by the State of Alaska twelve years ago to block an outside construction company from paying a tribal tax that funds road repairs, maintenance of a rudimentary airstrip, and other governmental services in the Native Village of Venetie. The ruling reverses a Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals decision that upheld the tribal tax. Much of the litigation centered on the interpretation of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) -- the largest tribal land claims settlement in American history. Under that Act, Congress extinguished Alaska tribal claims to 340 million acres in return for a cash payment of $962.5 million and secure title to 44 million acres selected and to be divided under a complex formula. In an unprecedented move in federal/tribal relations, Congress directed that the 44 million acres be conveyed not to the Alaska tribes, but to new Native corporations which the tribes were required to establish under state law. At the same time, Congress eliminated some of the federal controls over land development that generally apply on Indian reservations elsewhere. In the end, some 200 village tribes took part in the land claims settlement. The particular conflict that gave rise to the litigation in this case involved the application of ANCSA to the Venetie Tribe of Neetsaii' Gwich'in Indians a remote Athabascan Tribe that inhabits a vast area north of the Arctic Circle and hundreds of miles away from Alaska's major population centers. Accessible only by air, boat, snowmobile or dogsled, tribal members largely live a traditional life based on hunting, fishing and trapping. The tribal council administers all essential governmental services other than the federally supported local school. In 1943, the Secretary of the Interior set aside a 1.9 million acre reservation inorder to protect the Venetie Tribe from outsiders encroaching on tribal hunting and trapping grounds. During the late 1960s the Tribe opposed the evolving ANCSA legislation. The Tribe wrote to Congress to retain its reservation, even if doing so meant giving up the cash settlement. Congress obliged and the Tribe received no share of the monetary settlement. Still, Congress required that the land initially be conveyed to two state chartered corporations established by the Tribe for its tribal citizens. Once the lands were conveyed, the corporations immediately reconveyed the lands back to the Venetie Tribe, which continues to own the land today. In ruling against the Tribe's continued right to tax, the Supreme Court reasoned that when a reservation does not exist, Indian tribes can only continue to govern their lands if those lands qualify as a "dependent Indian community" under a 1948 federal law known as the "Indian Country" statute. Relying heavily on two Supreme Court cases decided at the early part of the century, the Court interpreted that term narrowly to mean that the federal government must have "set apart" the lands "for the use of Indians as such," and that the government must retain "superintendence" and "control" over how the land is used and developed. The Court then ruled that Venetie's lands could not satisfy this standard because Congress initially conveyed the lands to the corporations for whatever use they might , and because the Congress had deliberately chosen to forego any control over how those choices would be made. Spokesperson Gideon James, Venetie Tribal Government Administrator, called the high court's action "a breach of honor," adding "we may not have been educated in the white man's ways, but we were promised we would always be able to keep and govern our lands where our ancestors are buried. We were told we could opt out of the Settlement Act. Now we are told it was all a big lie to take our rights away!" Native American Rights Fund (NARF) attorney Heather Kendall-Miller called the opinion "superficial and poorly reasoned." She remarked that "over thirty years ago Congress abandoned the Court's paternalistic view of keeping Indians under absolute federal control and of being unable to take charge of their own affairs. Instead Congress did everything possible to promote tribal independence and self- governance. The Court's analysis today twists that policy into a cruel and backhanded termination of the very rights it was intended to promote." Indeed, the Court's opinion acknowledges the apparent conflict between statutes like the Settlement Act designed to promote greater Native American autonomy, and the Court's conclusion that tribal governmental jurisdiction demands federal control over tribal lands. But Justice Thomas added that the conflict is one "entirely for Congress" to resolve. In its briefs before the Court, the State of Alaska repeatedly warned of chaos across the state if the Court sustained the Venetie Tribe's claim to govern its lands, and one state legislator went further by calling Alaska Native tribes "an absolute evil." Ms. Kendall-Miller called such statements "irresponsible and provocative extremes bordering on racism, reflecting a belief that the tribes which have been conscientiously governing their communities according to tribal custom since before recorded history are in fact incapable of continuing to do so responsibly and in cooperation with the state and federal governments." She added that moves by the state courts, the state legislature and the Alaska congressional delegation to weaken the limited Native hunting and fishing rights that survived the 1971 Settlement Act "have so polarized the State that genuine dialogue on issues of tribal self-government has been virtually impossible." She nonetheless expressed hope that a new commission appointed last week by Alaska Governor Tony Knowles to address village government issues would provide the first forum to begin healing the wounds created by the Court's decision . "In the end," she added, "both law and justice will demand that Congress restore what the Court now says Congress took away. Any reconciliation depends on that. Congress must act." Back in Venetie, Mr. James was asked how life would now change for the tribal community. "It won't," he said, "we are still here, just as our ancestors were, and the views of nine black robes 10,000 miles away cannot change that. People who come here must respect our laws and traditions. We are the only government here, and we will remain the only government here, so long as the wind blows." The Native Village of Venetie was represented by NARF staff attorney Heather R. Kendall-Miller. She is now assisting Venetie and other Alaska tribes plan legislation strategies to regain as much tribal jurisdiction as possible. Chippewa Cree Tribe Water Rights Settlement Bills Introduced in Congress The Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation has been involved in water rights settlement negotiations with the Montana Reserved Water Rights Compact Commission and the Clinton Administration for the past eleven years. The Tribe's goal in negotiating a settlement of its water rights claims is to secure an adequate water supply for the Reservation's long term needs. A settlement Compact addressing on-Reservation Tribal water rights was concluded between the Tribe and the State on April 11, 1997 and was been approved by both the Tribe and the Montana Legislature. Negotiations continued over the following months with the Department of the Interior to obtain the Department's approval of the Compact as well as a committment of federal funds to the cost of the settlement. On April 1, 1998, a bill to provide for the settlement of the water rights claims of the Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation in Montana was introduced in the United States Senate by Max Baucus (D-Montana) and Conrad Burns (R-Montana), and in the House of Representatives by Rick Hill (R-Montana). The bill was referred to the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs and to the House Committee on Resources. The bill is the first Indian water rights settlement that has the support of the Administration as well as the State and Tribe. The parties hope to have hearings scheduled in May or June of 1998, and to have the bill passed before the end of this session of Congress The bill ratifies the Compact between the Tribe and the State of Montana. The Compact quantifies the Tribe's on-reservation water rights and establishes a water administration system designed to have minimal adverse impacts on downstream non-tribal water users. A more efficient and effective utilization of Spring snowpack runoff through enlarged or new storage facilities on the Reservation is a critical part of the settlement package. Accordingly, $25 million in the budget of the Bureau of Reclamation is earmarked for development of specified on-reservation water supply projects. Funds are also provided for administration of the Compact ($3 million) and for economic development ($3 million). In addition, the bill authorizes the initial steps of a more extensive process of obtaining a long-term drinking water supply for the Chippewa Cree Tribe - a process that is vital to the survival of the Tribe. The Tribe, the State, and the Administration agree that the future drinking water needs of the Tribe can only be provided for by the importation of water to the Reservation. Toward that end, the bill authorizes the following: (1) an allocation of 10,000 acre feet of storage water to the Tribe in Tiber Reservoir, a federal storage facility; (2) seed money ($15 million) toward the cost of a future project to import drinking water to the Reservation; and (3) funds ($1 million) for the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a feasibility study to identify water resources available to meet the Tribe's future drinking water needs, to evaluate alternatives for the importation of drinking water to the Rocky Boy's Reservation, and to assess on-reservation water needs, such as the need for a wastepaper treatment facility. The bill also authorizes funds ($3 million) for a regional feasibility study to evaluate water resources over a broader area of North Central Montana. The Native American Rights Fund has represented the Tribe in their efforts since 1987. Tracy A. Labin, a descendant of the Mohawk and Seneca Nations, first experienced NARF as a summer law clerk in the Washington, D.C. office in 1993. She found the work so rewarding that she returned as a Skadden Fellow after graduating from Stanford Law School the following year. Following her fellowship, she joined the NARF team permanently as a staff attorney and law clerk coordinator. Her prior experience includes clerking for the Seneca Nation Department of Justice. Tracy's work at NARF has been varied and includes assisting tribes to secure water rights, handling settlement negotiations for a client regarding damages claims against the United States and working on several tax cases. She has written a number of amicus curiae briefs to the United States Supreme Court and to various Courts of Appeals on behalf of tribes for cases involving tax law, tribal sovereignty, and trust land. She is admitted to the State Bars of both Colorado and California and is a member of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, the United States Court of Federal Claims and the District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. Currently she serves as vice-president of the Colorado Indian Bar Association. Tracy received her B.A. from the University of Notre Dame (1991) and her J.D. from Stanford Law School (1994). THE NATIONAL INDIAN LAW LIBRARY For the modern-day Indian, information is priceless in helping their fight to keep tribal homelands intact and traditional tribal ways alive. The National Indian Law Library has been providing Indian tribes and Indian law attorneys with a wealth of Indian law materials for the past 25 years. The materials are documents ranging from legal pleadings written in vital Indian law cases (from Tribal court to United States Supreme Court) to a collection of Tribal codes (there are about 510 federally recognized tribes in the United States.) The National Indian Law Library began as a special library project of the Native American Rights Fund. It is designed to serve as a clearinghouse for materials on American Indian Law for tribes, private and tribal attorneys, legal service programs, law firms, federal and state governments and agencies, and for students. Essentially, it was intended to carry out one of the Native American Rights Fund's priorities, the systematic development of Indian law. The National Indian Law Library has the largest collection of Indian law materials in the nation. The Library fulfills its function by collecting all available materials related to Indian law. These materials are catalogued on a customized library application software database and indexed for inclusion in the National Indian Law Library Catalogue. The National Indian Law Library Publications For Sale: The Bibliography on Indian Economic Development, 2nd Edition. Designed as a tool for the protection and regulation of commercial activities on Indian reservations. Included in the bibliography are articles, monographs, memoranda, Tribal codes, and miscellaneous materials on Indian economic development. Cost for this title is $30.00. The National Indian Law Library Catalogue, Volume I. One of The National Indian Law Library's major contributions to the development of Indian law is the creation of this catalogue. It is arranged by subject-matter index, author-title index, plaintiff- defendant index, and NILL number listing. Cost for The National Indian Law Library Catalogue, Volume I is $85.00; the 1985 Supplement is $10.00; the 1989 Supplement is $30.00. Top Fifty: A Compilation of Significant Indian Cases, compiled by the National Indian Law Library, costs $85.00. Other Publications Offered For Sale by The National Indian Law Library: American Indian Law: Cases and Materials, 3rd edition, 1991, by Robert N. Clinton, Neil Jessup, Monroe E. Price, price is $45.00. American Indian Law: Cases and Materials, 3rd edition, 1992 Supplement, by Robert N. Clinton, Neil Jessup, Monroe E. Price, price is $10.00. American Indian Law in a nutshell, 2nd edition, 1988, by William C. Canby, price is $16.00. American Indians, Time and the Law, 1986, by Charles F. Wilkinson, price is $13.00. Battlefields and Burial Grounds, 1994, by Walter Echo-Hawk and Roger Echo-Hawk, price is $15.00. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 25, 1995, published by U.S. Government Printing Office, price is $15.00. Federal Indian Law, Cases and Materials, 3rd edition, 1993, by David Getches, Charles Wilkinson, and Robert A. Williams, Jr., price is $54.00. Felix S. Cohen's Handbook of Federal Indian Law, 1992 edition, edited by Rennard Strickland, price is $85.00. Handbook of American Indian Religious Freedom, 1991 edition, edited by Christopher Vescey, price is $15.00. The Indian Child Welfare Handbook: A Legal Guide to the Custody and Adoption of Native Americans, 1995, published by the American Bar Association, price is $69.95. Indian Claims Commission Decisions 1946-1978. This forty-three volume set reports the work of the Indian Claims Commission. Each volume is sold separately at a cost of $25.00. The ICCD Index is sold at $25.00. Indian Land Area Map, 1992, published by the U.S. Department of the Interior, price is $5.00. Mending the Circle: A Native American Repatriation Guide, 1996, published by the American Indian Ritual Object Repatriation Foundation, price is $40.00. The Rights of Indians and Tribes, 2nd edition, 1992, by Stephen L. Pevar, price is $8.00. ANNUAL REPORT. This is NARF's major report on its programs and activities. The Annual Report is distributed to foundations, major contributors, certain federal and state agencies, tribal clients, Native American organizations, and to others upon request. THE NARF LEGAL REVIEW is published biannually by the Native American Rights Fund. Third class postage paid at Boulder, Colorado. Ray Ramirez, Editor. There is no charge for subscriptions, but contributions are requested. TAX STATUS. The Native American Rights Fund is a nonprofit, charitable organization incorporated in 1971 under the laws of the District of Columbia. NARF is exempt from federal income tax under the provisions of Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, and contributions to NARF are tax deductible. The Internal Revenue Service has ruled that NARF is not a "private foundation" as defined in Section 509(a) of the Internal Revenue Code. MAIN OFFICE: Native American Rights Fund, 1506 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80302 (303-447-8760) (FAX 303-443-7776). http://www.narf.org Washington, D.C. OFFICE: Native American Rights Fund, 1712 N Street, N.W., Washington,D.C. 20036 (202-785-4166) (FAX 202-822-0068). ALASKA OFFICE: Native American Rights Fund, 310 K Street, Suite 708, Anchorage, Alaska 99501 (907-276-0680) (FAX 907-276-2466). Native Americans have a custom of giving gifts In the Lakota language this custom is referred to as Otu'han -- literally translated as "giveaway." Items of value such as shawls, quilts and household items are gathered over a long period of time to be given away during pow-wows or celebrations in honor of births, anniversaries, marriages, birthdays, and other special occasions. The Otu'han is also cutomary in memory of the deceased. The custom of giving in honor or memory of someone is still very much alive among Indian people today. We are honored to list those donors making gifts to the Native American Rights Fund in spirit of the Otu'han. August 1997 - December 1997. In honor or memory of: Toni Ackerman by Lynne Nerenberg NARF participates in the Combined Federal Campaign and a number of other workplace campaigns nationwide as a member of America's Charities (code number 0450) and Community Shares of Colorado (code number 5037). Please consider NARF in your workplace contributions this year. All contributions are tax-deductible to the extent provided by law. Native American Rights Fund The Native American Rights Fund is a nonprofit organization specializing in the protection of Indian rights. The priorities of NARF are: (1) the preservation of tribal existence; (2) the protection of tribal natural resources; (3) the promotion of human rights; (4) the accountability of governments to Native Americans; and (5) the development of Indian law. Our work on behalf of thousands of America's Indians throughout the country is supported in large part by your generous contributions. Your participation makes a big difference in our ability to continue to meet ever-increasing needs of impoverished Indian tribes, groups and individuals. The support needed to sustain our nationwide program requires your continued assistance. Requests for legal assistance, contributions, or other inquiries regarding NARF's services may be addressed to NARF's main office: 1506 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80302. Telephone (303) 447-8760. Visit our website at http://www.narf.org. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Executive Director: John E. Echohawk (Pawnee) |


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A tragedy strikes the world of college football, and other links
Tragedy struck the world of college football Wednesday when a student member of Notre Dame's video staff was killed in an accident involving a lift that fell in high winds.
Oregon's video coordinator, Steve Pohl, spent four years as president of the Collegiate Sports Video Association, and summed it up best: "There's not much to say," Pohl said today. "It's just really sad."
For those who might be wondering, Oregon hasn't used similar lifts since September, as the Ducks have practiced during the season either in the Moshofsky Center or Autzen Stadium, which have fixed landings from which the video staff shoots practices.
When lifts were used during fall camp, students received training in their use, and were required to wear harnesses. I've seen the lifts sway a bit in the wind on blustery days, and Pohl said the videographers use their judgment about potential danger in such situations.
"We don't have wind gauges up there," he said. "But if it's a situation where you're even wondering if the wind reading might be dangerous, it's probably best to come down."
Pohl said he's never felt pressure from anyone else on staff to shoot from lifts in high winds.
In other links …
The Wall Street Journal is the latest news outlet to analyze Oregon's "blur" offense.
Yet another poll puts LaMichael James third in the Heisman race.
The Ducks continue to dominate in races for conference postseason awards.
One expert says the BCS computers won't factor into the race for spots in the national title game.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (vs. Oregon, Oct. 30)
A practice report, and another, from Los Angeles.
A war of words has developed between USC and Oregon this week. Yawn.
Oregon is known for speed, but USC is pretty fast, too.
This game is USC's Super Bowl, one player said.
Casey Matthews is one that got away from the USC football family.
USC isn't rolling over for Oregon this week (newsflash!).
Center Kris O'Dowd has a big role in the game.
Matt Barkley is delivering on his promise.
WASHINGTON (at Oregon, Nov. 6)
A practice report from Seattle.
CALIFORNIA (vs. Oregon, Nov. 13)
The Bears are looking for some consistency.
ARIZONA (at Oregon, Nov. 26)
Who will start at quarterback against UCLA?
The Wildcats must defend the pistol offense this week.
Talented defensive ends should help.


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Authentic CHANEL CC Logo Candy Stones Cascade Dangles Ring 03P
"CHANEL C R 03 P Made in France" is engraved on small plate .
This ring is very nice and would make a great statement. Don't miss out
Brand : Chanel
Made in : France
Measurement : US Size 6.5 Charm Drop 4cm 1.5" Approx
Come with : Chanel Box
Condition : 8.5 / 10
This ring is good pre owned condition.
Ring shows a few minor surface scratches, still shiny and no discoloration. No stone is missing. Please also check conditions on photos below


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An indigenous law school student in Canada resorts to terrorism to save his ancestral lands.
Under the Bridge
They found the body one minute and forty five seconds from my house.
They found the body one minute and forty five seconds from my house.
Other Submissions by micmacmoviemaker
An introverted man must help 3 classic lit monsters stop a madman from releasing more monsters into our world.
An indecisive man seeking love finds a magical "choose your own adventure book" which may lead to a bad ending
Members Who Like This Submission Also Like...
a short film by Eric Moyer
I know a movie about dots sounds crazy, but check out the controversy they caused at a weekend-long concert this... more
a short film by WDrinkerGenres: comedy, documentary
While planning a diversity rally, a misguided group of activists fail to see eye to eye with their newest member... more
a short film by elmerlang
NYer Elmer discovers his buddy Ted in Oakland has the big 'C'


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Airhead Aqua Oasis Floating Cooler
Key Features
Insulated leak-proof nylon cooler
Inflatable base
Holds 24 cans plus ice
You May Also Like
back to top- GET MORE INFO
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back to topProduct Description
Keep the party afloat with the handy Aqua Oasis floating cooler. This insulated leak-proof nylon cooler lifts up from its inflatable base and has an adjustable shoulder strap for easy carrying. Keeps 24 cans ice cold for hours. 6 drink holders in the base are marked with numbers to help you keep track of your drink. A molded plastic rope connector is sewn to the cover for tying up to a lounge, swim platform, boat, or dock. 28" dia. x 18"H.


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FL Studio Mobile Version 2.0 for Android info go here > FL Studio Mobile HD will allow you to create complete multi-track projects on your iPod, iPhone, iPad or Android device and, if you want, load mobile projects into FL Studio and take them to the next level. If it's a beat on the step sequencer, a melody on the piano roll or a full song on the playlist, FL Studio Mobile HD has you covered. Never lose that idea again. Get it down and happening wherever you are. FL Studio Mobile HD is a universal binary application* FL Studio Mobile HD is available for all models iPad, iPhone & iPod touch.
to provide older customers with updated app versions. |


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Cloud Infographic: The Power Of Healthcare Data
Cloud computing technologies are on the rise in the healthcare industry. From large hospitals to physicians and administrators to small medical services providers, all have seen cost savings from implementing and utilizing cloud-based solutions. Read… Cloud Computing Tools For Doctors…
This infographic by Netapp illustrates some of the uses for Big Data /Cloud Computing in the field of Healthcare.
Infographic Source: NetApp
Latest posts by CloudTweaks (see all)
- Cloud Infographic – Interesting Big Data Facts - January 28, 2015
- How Dropbox Continues To Prove Steve Jobs Wrong - January 26, 2015
- Cloud Infographic – How Much Do You Really Know About The Cloud? - January 23, 2015


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Noshers and nibblers of the world, meet our new collection of dinnerware. Featuring lipped dinner and salad plates plus amply sized bowls and mugs, these durable stoneware dishes were designed by Fab to handle big breakfasts, light lunches, and satisfying suppers. Handmade in Thailand, this 16-piece Dinnerware Set features a matte glaze in subdued blue for easy mixing with your existing mealtime essentials. Whether you're cooking for a dinner party or a party of one, these dishes are delightful.
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Bachelor of Arts in Drama, Theatre, and Performance Studies
College of Arts, Social Sciences, & Celtic Studies
Course overview
New for 2012, the BA degree in Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies is an exciting 4 year denominated programme developed for students with a keen interest in all aspects of drama and performance.
This world-class new programme provides a unique opportunity to study drama, theatre and performance from a practical, theoretical and historical perspective. You will explore all aspects of performance from theatre to film, story telling and new media. Teaching on the programme will take a variety of forms, from lectures and seminars to practical workshops, performances and internships.
One of the most innovative features of the programme is its emphasis on putting learning into practice, through seminars in acting, design and directing, through workshops with professional theatre companies, and through the option of internships with arts organisations and professional placements in Year Three.
Key facts
Entry requirements
Minimum Grade HC3 in two subjects and passes in four other subjects at H or O Level in the Leaving Certificate, including Irish, English, another language and three other subjects recognised for entry purposes.
Additional requirements
4 years
Next start date: September 2015
Entry points(2014): 405
A Level Grades (2014): AAA or equivalent combination
Average intake: 18
Course outline
The denominated BA degree in Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies allows students to combine specialist knowledge of the area with a choice of two other subjects from the general Arts degree in the first year of study, and with one subject from the BA in years two and four.
In the first year, Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies makes up half of the course, and students also choose two other subjects from a choice of 20 subjects on the general Arts degree.
In the second year, students study Drama, Theatre and Performance, and one other subject carried over from first year. In the third year, the emphasis is on professional and practical experiences, as students undertake internships and other practice-based activities. In the final year, students continue their study of Drama, Theatre and Performance and their chosen Arts subject, taking both for their final degree.
Year 1
In the first year, students take six modules, all of which blend practical and academic approaches. These modules provide students with a broad overview of the subject, focusing on acting, directing, European drama, traditional performance cultures in Ireland and more. Students visit the theatre every week and take workshops with theatre practitioners.
Year 2
In the second year, students have opportunities to specialise in areas that particularly interest them, selecting six modules from a broad range of options. These include classes in playwriting, acting, film studies, theatre history, scenic design, theatre reviewing and Irish drama.
Year 3
The third year is dedicated entirely to Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies. Students who are studying a language as their other degree subject may choose to study abroad at a university where that language is spoken. Students may also choose to go on an exchange at a university in the United States, Canada or the UK. Students who choose to remain in Ireland take professional internships with Irish theatre companies, engage in independent research projects involving archival research and/or performance research, and may stage a play as part of a national arts festival.
Year 4
In the final year, students select four modules from a broad range of options that combine academic and practical elements. A major feature of the final year is an independent research project, which is supervised by academic staff. Staff also work closely with students to advise them on future opportunities in theatre, research and other areas.
Further education
Find out more
Course Director
Centre for Drama, Theatre and Performance
E email@example.com
CAO code
Fees for this course
EU (Total): €5,822 p.a. 2015/14 (Inclusive of Levy & SCC)
- Tuition: €2,598 p.a. 2015/16
- Student contribution: €3,000 p.a. 2015/16
- Student levy: €224 p.a. 2015/16
Non-EU (Total): €12,750 p.a. 2015/16
EU Fees 2015/16:
- Tuition: may be paid by the Irish Government on your behalf if you qualify for free tuition fees see - free fee initiative.
- Student Contribution: €3,000 - payable by all students but may by paid by SUSI if you apply and are deemed eligible for a means tested SUSI grant.
- Student Levy: €224 - payable by all students and is not covered by SUSI.
Current Students
Darragh O'Brien
Theatre and Performance student
"My skills as an actor have been honed, my knowledge of the theatre and its history expanded, and my analytical skills enhanced. The small-group teaching environment is ideal for encouraging participation from everyone and for forging a good group dynamic so I have made a lot of good friends..."


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After seeing its biggest SUV outsold by the Mercedes-Benz M-Class last year, Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is fighting back with a model it calls "The Boss," a new version of its X5 stuffed with advanced technology.
The $52,800 sport-utility vehicle can drive itself in traffic jams and features night vision to avoid hitting people or animals in the dark. The revamped model, introduced at the International Auto Show in Frankfurt, will reach showrooms in November.
"We want to get back to the top with the X5," said Herbert Diess, development chief for the Munich-based company.
SUVs have become a critical battleground in BMW's effort to fend off Daimler AG's Mercedes and Volkswagen AG's Audi, which have both vowed to become the No. 1 luxury-car brand by 2020. IHS Automotive expects the global market for the models to grow 41 percent from last year through 2018 to 18.6 million vehicles.
The X5, which is lighter and gets better gas mileage than its predecessor, will surpass the M-Class next year, IHS predicts. Toyota Motor Corp.'s Lexus RX outsells both the German models globally.
To fight back, Mercedes is taking aim at the lower end of the luxury SUV market with the new GLA compact. That car will challenge BMW's aging X1 as Daimler seeks to woo younger buyers away from its German rivals.
BMW has delivered 1.05 million cars worldwide this year, 21,100 more than Audi and 132,000 more than Mercedes.
Adding to the pressure on BMW, Audi will overhaul its full-size Q7 SUV — currently outsold two-to-one by the X5 — as early as next year. The VW unit plans to double its SUV lineup to six models by 2020.
"We are not worried about the upcoming Q7," said BMW's Diess. "Competition always spurs us on."
For $500, buyers can add a self-parking option. The automated driving feature, which won't be available in the United States, keeps the car in its lane and tracks the speed of the vehicle in front, including coming to a full stop.
After a troubled takeover of British automaker Rover, BMW developed its own SUVs rather than hold on to the Land Rover brand. The X5, introduced in 1999, was its first push into the segment, a move that helped lay the groundwork for overtaking Mercedes in sales in 2005.


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Genre : Action
Runtime: 105 Minutes
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Cast : Emily Browning, Kit Harington, Carrie-Anne Moss,
Plot Summary : Set in 79 A.D., Pompeii tells the epic story of Milo (Kit Harington), a slave turned invincible gladiator who finds himself in a race against time to save his true love Cassia (Emily Browning), the beautiful daughter of a wealthy merchant who has been unwillingly betrothed to a corrupt Roman Senator. As Mount Vesuvius erupts in a torrent of blazing lava, Milo must fight his way out of the arena in order to save his beloved as the once magnificent Pompeii crumbles around him. -- (C) Sony
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On Deaf and Little Person Identities
Shira Grabelski Opens Up: Take a few minutes to watch this video straight from the heart of a Deaf woman who is also a Little Person. Shira's forthrightness and honesty about how she identifies herself will pull you right in and remind you that whatever identities define us, the bottom line is, we are all human and the same. Thank you for your candid and open words, Shira. You have brightened more people's days than you may realize!
Posted by ASCDEAF under Deaf Issues,Diversity,Videos on | Comments (3)


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I am currently taking a plant propagation class at Fullerton College in California, and we would love to have some lotus seeds to try. After they get growing the plants will be sold at the college plant sale that funds the department. Smaller growing species would be preferred, but we'd be happy for anything. Any suggestions for other semi-easy aquatic seeds to germinate would be appreciated as well. Thanks!
Follow-Up Postings:
- Posted by Nymphgarden GA-07 (email@example.com) on Wed, Sep 28, 05 at 19:52
Well,you know what?.I have hundreds of lotus seeds at this time.All seeds are easy to grow-If you want to get some seeds from me.please send me an email.and we will discuss more on this matter.If you are new on this,please visit this page for more info on how to: |
Here is a link that might be useful: How to grow lotus from seeds
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Apparently, audiences preferred the fake Roseanne. The fictional Roseanne of her self-titled sitcom ruled TV 10 years ago, but ABC's ''The Real Roseanne Show'' debuted last week in 59th place, according to Nielsen. Some 5.5 million viewers watched the meta-show, about the making of Roseanne Barr's upcoming ABC Family Channel series ''Domestic Goddess.'' Still, while reality bit for ABC (whose other reality show, ''The Family,'' was No. 73 last week), it continued to reap big numbers for NBC and CBS.
The penultimate episode of NBC's ''Who Wants to Marry My Dad'' drew 9.2 million viewers, for a No. 12 finish. (This week's series finale, which drew 11.1 million, ought to crack the top 10.) Also doing well were ''For Love or Money 2'' (No. 16), ''Fear Factor'' (No. 18), ''Last Comic Standing'' (No. 20), and ''The Restaurant'' (No. 26). ''Race to the Altar,'' however, straggled in at No. 69.
CBS scored with its three installments of ''Big Brother'' (Wednesday's episode, which aired opposite ''Roseanne'' and drew nearly twice its audience, was the week's 10th most-watched show). Thursday's ''Amazing Race 4'' finished at No. 19. On the other hand, Simon Cowell's ''Cupid'' fell to 57th this week after moving from Tuesday to Wednesday.
As has been typical this summer, the top 10 saw a showdown between producer Jerry Bruckheimer's CBS crime dramas and those of NBC's Dick Wolf. Bruckheimer's ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' was the week's top show (14 million viewers), followed by his ''Without a Trace.'' (No. 2) and ''CSI Miami'' (No. 5). Wolf's three ''Law & Order'' shows came in at Nos. 7, 9, and 11. CBS won the week with an average of 7.9 million viewers, followed by NBC with 6.8 million. ABC, boosted by Monday's pre-season NFL game (No. 3), finished third (6.6 million), followed by Fox (5.4 million), UPN (2.5 million), and the WB (2.4 million).


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Document Type Doctoral Thesis Author Naidoo, Vinasan email@example.com URN etd-07032008-093716 Document Title Diclofenac in Gyps vultures : a molecular mechanism of toxicity Degree PhD (Paraclinical Sciences) Department Paraclinical Sciences Supervisor
Advisor Name Title Prof G E Swan Supervisor Keywords
- Gyps vultures
- meloxicam
- Indian Government
- anti-inflammatory drug
- infectious
- diclofenac
Date 2008-04-24 Availability unrestricted Abstract Over the last decade, three species of Gyps vultures on the Asian subcontinent have declined dramatically in population numbers, some as much as 97 to 99%. Although the initial cause was believed to be infectious, it was later shown to be due to an inadvertent exposure to diclofenac via the food chain. In order to protect the remaining wild vultures, diclofenac needed to be removed from the food chain. Unfortunately the Indian government was reluctant to ban diclofenac until an alternate veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that was both safe in vultures and effective in cattle could be identified. Although meloxicam was tentatively identified as this drug, toxicity testing still needed to be undertaken.
Using a previously validated model, two studies were undertaken to determine the acute toxic effect of diclofenac in vulture as well as to ascertain if the drug had the potential to accumulate. In the first study, meloxicam in formulation was shown to be safe as a single oral dose up to 2mg/kg in African White Backed-Vultures (Gyps africanus). To further demonstrate the safety of food borne meloxicam, vultures were exposed to meat rich in meloxicam residues, with once again no signs of toxicity being evident. In the second study the drugs ability to accumulate was evaluated pharmacokinetically in Cape Griffon Vultures (Gyps corprotheres). From this study meloxicam was shown to have a very short half-life of elimination, making it unlikely that the drug could be a cumulative toxin. This was subsequently confirmed clinically by the absence of toxicity in birds receiving repeated doses of meloxicam.
Although meloxicam was shown to be adequately safe, the safety of other veterinary NSAIDs still required elucidation. While further testing in vultures would have been possible, the small population size of the various vulture species made this unethical. Therefore a surrogate species needed to be identified. With the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus) being commonly available, attempts were made to validate the chicken as a model. Although the dosed chickens did show similar toxicity patterns from clinical pathology to histopathology, a major problem was their higher tolerance making it impossible to use them as a surrogate. It was, however, concluded that the domestic chicken may be used in mechanistic studies in an attempt to establish an in vitro model.
From the mechanistic studies both diclofenac and meloxicam were directly toxic to chicken and vulture renal tubular epithelial cells following 48h of incubation. It was later shown that this toxicity was associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be temporarily ameliorated by pre-incubation with uric acid due to its anti-oxidant activity. When cultures were incubated with either drug for only two hours, meloxicam showed no toxicity in contrast to the cellular toxicity present for diclofenac. In both cases no increase in ROS production was evident. In addition diclofenac influenced the excretion of uric acid by interfering with p-amino-hippuric acid channels. The effect on uric acid excretion persisted after the removal of the diclofenac. It was therefore concluded that vulture susceptibility to diclofenac results from a combination of an increase in cellular ROS, a depletion of intracellular uric acid concentration and most importantly the drug's long half-life in the vulture. Unfortunately the importance of the drug's half-life in the toxicodynamics makes it unlikely that in vitro testing will be possible.
© University of Pretoria 2007
Filename Size Approximate Download Time (Hours:Minutes:Seconds)
28.8 Modem 56K Modem ISDN (64 Kb) ISDN (128 Kb) Higher-speed Access 00front.pdf 1.13 Mb 00:05:13 00:02:41 00:02:20 00:01:10 00:00:06 01chapters1-2.pdf 1.18 Mb 00:05:26 00:02:47 00:02:26 00:01:13 00:00:06 02chapter3.pdf 410.85 Kb 00:01:54 00:00:58 00:00:51 00:00:25 00:00:02 03chapter4.pdf 448.88 Kb 00:02:04 00:01:04 00:00:56 00:00:28 00:00:02 04chapter5.pdf 388.41 Kb 00:01:47 00:00:55 00:00:48 00:00:24 00:00:02 05chapters6-8.pdf 505.14 Kb 00:02:20 00:01:12 00:01:03 00:00:31 00:00:02


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text:
Partial index from scans of various pages in eBay auction.
Credits for cover from original publication. In Pep Comics the page was signed but the signatures were removed for this reprint.
Modified from the original by replacing the MLJ Logo with a crudely drawn FEH Logo. Also includes indicia stating that book is "published and printed in Canada by Howard Publications".
Page count estimate based on page count of original. This reprint may have missing pages.
Length of story is estimate only. Character is not the same as in Fight Comics.
Page count is estimate. Centerfold of issue is during this story.
Page count is an estimate. First page describes Dr. Justice, his layer and his make-up kit. Appears as though it might be a first appearance.
Page count is estimate.
First panel of a story on a page by itself. Length of story is unknown. Rest of story from Pep Comics was reprinted in Black Hood #[nn], so it is likely this is either a different story or simply this panel on its own.
Page count based on page count of original, may be less in this reprint.
On back cover of comic. Original was signed, but signature has been eliminated from reprint. Also text has been changed to reference Super Comics and the last bit of the speech bubble stating to get them "before they're all gone" has been eliminated. Exactly the same as back cover of Black Hood #[nn]


text:
Apr 10
What If Or What For? |
Curiosity is not enough. Sometimes, you have to ask the right question.
The recent kerfuffle concerning the use of electric vehicles for long-range transportation between an EV manufacturer and a major newspaper has me thinking again about an issue we faced when my family and I were deciding whether or not to purchase an electric vehicle.
The fail-safe question to ask was, What If? What if we wanted to take it on a long-distance trip? What if we wanted to transport bulky materials, or more than three passengers (four including myself)? What if we needed to travel more miles than an EV could travel during the day? What if...whatever arose, it could handle...As if.
The question we asked and forced ourselves to answer was, What For? What did we want to use the vehicle for? And, What were we willing to pay for this car? Once we answered these, we could consider the What Ifs? But, this was not necessarily to eliminate or override what we were going to use the vehicle for. Another question - why? Because we are subjective. We can always convince ourselves of something. We can posit numerous reasons why we don't want to do something. And, we can propose multiple rationalizations for why we should do what we want to do. Neither situation is optimal.
So, we needed a car for which the range of a plug-in electric vehicle was adequate. It could be economical. If I needed to transport nouns to other nouns (people, things -> places), I would use our other vehicle. Same with long-distance trips. You see, we were following the approach that FedEx Express uses for acquiring vehicles - choosing the right vehicle for the right application or usage. In this particular case, an EV would work - it would fulfill the duty cycle we planned for it. It fulfilled our desire to minimize our environmental impact. It fulfilled our efforts to be more economical in our daily commute. And, it acknowledged that no specific vehicle type would ideally satisfy every requirement we might encounter. Because of this, we were able to find our answer by asking the right question.
Here's more on FedEx's vehicle approach (moving backwards in time):
- Revised Vehicle Goal Press Release
- Revised Vehicle Goal Blog Post
- June 2011 Vehicle Press Release
- An Electrifying Idea
- Start The Shift To A Better Future For Transportation
- Keep on Truckin'
- Regulations and Standards
- More Hybrids
- Hybrid Musings
Follow Mitch on Twitter here
* Required fields
Wed, 04/17/2013 - 17:43 by jcuellar |
It's great that FedEx is walking the walking and making strides on important sustainability issues. Where would one be able to find information the type of EVs in use, the cities they are in, their average range, and battery life? I would love to incorporate FedEx's progress into a report on EVs. Thanks. |
Fri, 04/12/2013 - 22:10 by MayLyn |
I agree to the question on this post, and I'm asking that same question, so thank you for posting this! |
About This Blogger
Other Posts by Mitch Jackson
- License to Optimize
- July 1, 2014 - 10:18 am
- 2013 Global Citizenship Report - Global Connections
- May 8, 2014 - 6:00 am
- Q&A With Mitch Jackson, FedEx Expert on Sustainability
- February 18, 2014 - 2:00 am
- A Sampling of the FedEx Global Citizenship Report
- June 26, 2013 - 7:52 am


text:
Essential information
Ohio's capital city is like the blind date your mom arranges – average looking, restrained personality, but solid and affable. Better yet, she's easy on the wallet, an influence from Ohio State University's 55,000 students (the university is the nation's second largest). A substantial gay population has taken up residence in Columbus in recent years.


text:
Kyle the Amazing Wonder Dog Back!!! He's now navigating the desert with a kayak! Good thing he has a sail.
Kyle is on vacation and has ventured to the hot desert. Can he avoid alligators and kids on inner tubes? There's even old television sets and boulders to avoid! This is insane fun! Help Kyle avoid these obstacles while collecting valuable coins to unlock more colorful kayaks!
Challenge Your Friends for Highest Score!
Great Time-Killer Game!
This game is a blast!!!
Download 'Kayak Mania! 2 – Desert Storm' Now!!!


text:
Bihari | Bengali | Hindi | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Rajasthani | Tamil | Telugu | Hindi-UP | Hindi-MP | Konkani | Himachali | Haryanvi | Assamese | Kashmiri | Sikkim/Nepali
Tamil Chennai Matrimony
Tamil people, usually called Tamilians are native to the state of Tamil Nadu and are among the most prominent migrant communities spread around the world. Since the majority of population in Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, is made up of Tamilians, Tamil is also the official language of the city. Tamil Chennai, therefore, is the group of those people who belong to the Chennai and speak Tamil as their primary language. Tamil is one of the classical as well as the scheduled languages of India.
As a caring individual, I strive towards the well-being of my family. Thus, due to my mother's illness, I had to leave my job. However I do love working out of the home as well. Fo.... View Profile
I am a Paeditrician located in Chennai I have one lovely daughter who is 13 yrs old and I love children. I am looking for a 'serene' gentleman to get married to.I am honest, since.... View Profile
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Hindu, Tamil,
vishnu(Gotra), High School,
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I am divorce within 20 days without children, i living withmy parents, i have only one younger brother seeking girl for marrige View Profile
She is friendly and understanding nature, seeking well qualified & career oriented, groom with clean habits. View Profile
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Hindu, Tamil,
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Height 5'2'Weight 47Kgs Body Type Slim Complexion Wheatish Physical Status Normal Eating Habits Vegetarian .... View Profile
Hindu, Tamil,
haritha(Gotra), M.A,
Rs. 7.5 - 10 Lakh, Corporate Communication in Chennai
Match for a bright, cheerful, aspiring corp comm professional in software giant in Chennai. Only child from upper middle class family of Kerala Iyer origin. Believes in traditional.... View Profile
Christian, Tamil,
Catholic : Roman,
Rs. 3 - 4 Lakh, Software Professional in Chennai
my life partner is friendly and carring me,good family,working person,jally type,i am allso witch to the same.my past life is not good, my fist partner is not going to job,daily d.... View Profile
high school,not working,living with family having one elder sister married and settled in banglore and one younger brother studying MBA. View Profile
Hindu, Tamil,
shadamarshanam(Gotra), CA,
Rs. 20 - 25 Lakh, Software Professional in Chennai
I am a Chartered Accountant by profession, and recently moved to the IT industry as the business analyst in the finance domain, for a leading MNC in Chennai. I've previously worked.... View Profile
Hindu, Tamil,
sivagothram(Gotra), MBA/PGDM,
Rs. 20 - 25 Lakh, Businessperson in Chennai
I am simple,easy going guy. Certified SAP B1 consultant,Investment partner in reputed real estate firm,moreover taking care of my fathers family business View Profile
Very extroverted and quite sentimental. People say that I hv a great sense of humour(hee hee people!!!!). Love the performing arts, am myself into a few of em!, a senior guy in the.... View Profile
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Nov 29, 2010 3:43 PM by Carina Corral
Arroyo Grande and Nipomo High School basketball teams will toss "Hoops for Hope" during their first annual event to raise money for the Hearst Cancer Resource Center at French Hospital in San Luis Obispo.
Family members, coaches and players of the basketball teams have been affected by cancer.
They have decided to work together to help the thousands of patients who use the Hearst Cancer Resource Center.
The two schools square off Tuesday, November 30, in Nipomo High's gymnasium.
The Varsity Girls game starts at 5:15 p.m. and Varsity Boys get at 7 p.m.


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Fisher Plantation
56 Lots Available
75' Foot Lot
Located in Apopka, Florida, Fisher Plantation is surrounded by numerous outdoor activities including golf, biking, hiking trails and fishing. The location offers excellent schools, convenient shopping and fine medical facilities. It also provides easy access to downtown Orlando and the attractions. For additional information, call (407) 206-9303.
Directions to Fisher Plantation
From Apopka, take Hwy 441 north about 2 miles to Plymouth Sorrento Road and make a right. Follow Plymouth Sorrento Road about 2 miles and make a right on Schopke Road. Follow Schopke Road 1 mile. Fisher Plantation will be on your left at the corner of Schopke Road and Schopke Lester Road.
Map: Schopke
Road and Schopke Lester Road


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City's 25m bid for James Milner rejected by Villa
| Submit Comments| Comments (135)| Printable Version1/1Play SlideshowClose MapCITY are mulling over a second offer for James Milner after Aston Villa turned down a bid worth £25million. The Blues lodged their bid on Tuesday morning, but Villa turned it down late last night. And a brief statement from the Midlands club said they intend to make the PFA Young Player of the Year a new contract offer once the World Cup is over. The 24-year-old England ace has emerged as a prime target of the Blues, who lodged their interest in the player on Tuesday morning. But Villa reacted strongly to the bid, which is for an initial £20million plus add-ons for appearances, success and England caps. They said: ?We have received an offer from Manchester City and this has been firmly rejected. We plan to sit down with James Milner and his representative after the World Cup to agree a new long-term deal, and this remains our position.? Milner is currently in Austria at the England squad?s training camp, and City prefer to have the deal done before he flies out to South Africa early next month for the World Cup finals. Both Villa owner Randy Lerner and manager Martin O?Neill have said in recent weeks that Milner is not for sale, after interest from both City and United. City want to test that resolve, and see Milner as having the perfect profile for the team they want to build over the next two or three years. Milner was named as the PFA Young Player of the Year last month after a superb season for Villa, playing chiefly in central midfield. But many see his best position as on either flank, raising the prospect that if City land him, he could interchange with Adam Johnson, who has claimed the right-wing berth.
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Real Estate Agent Sentenced in Scheme To Defraud Mortgage Lenders
12 Fraudulently Obtained Properties End Up in Foreclosure
Greenbelt, Maryland - U.S. District Judge Alexander Williams, Jr. sentenced real estate agent Oladipo Olafunmiloye, age 39, of Gambrills, Maryland, today to 46 months in prison, followed by five years of supervised release, for bank fraud and money laundering in connection with a scheme to defraud mortgage lenders, announced United States Attorney for the District of Maryland Rod J. Rosenstein. At the sentencing, Judge Williams found that Olafunmiloye's fraudulent scheme incurred losses of $3 million, and ordered him to pay restitution in that amount. Judge Williams also ordered Olafunmiloye to forfeit his interest in a Rolls Royce automobile and funds held in four bank accounts.
According to his plea agreement, Olafunmiloye owned a real estate company known as LAFA. From November 2004 to December 2006, Olafunmiloye organized a scheme in which co-defendants Sidney Okosun, Oyekunle Ikudayisi, Kolawole Aminu and others sought to fraudulently obtain mortgages and refinance loans to purchase properties for sale in Maryland and the District of Columbia that were owned by Olafunmiloye or LAFA, without identifying Olafunmiloye's ownership interest in the properties. To that end, the defendants recruited individuals to act as purchasers, when in fact, these "straw" buyers became owners of the properties in name only and made almost none of the payments related to the purchase of the properties, including down payments, closing costs and mortgage payments. Rather, Olafunmiloye made almost all of these payments. Members of the scheme obtained mortgage loans for the properties in their own names, using their good credit histories. Olafunmiloye supervised the submission of false statements on loan applications as to the straw buyers' incomes and their intent to make the properties their primary residences, in order to induce mortgage lenders to make loans at more favorable rates. Olafunmiloye also provided capital to the other defendants in order to perpetuate the scheme. Once the purchase of the properties had been funded, Olafunmiloye defaulted on mortgage payments, which forced the lenders to foreclose, thereby incurring losses.
During the course of the scheme, Olafunmiloye also provided false information to obtain loans in his own name, including loans on five properties, all of which went into foreclosure, resulting in losses to the mortgage lenders of over $492,767 on these properties alone.
Finally, Olafunmiloye laundered money obtained from the fraud scheme, including 12 transactions from August 2005 to September 2006 totaling $308,311.
"These types of crimes create a significant loss of tax revenue and drive buyers into foreclosure," stated C. Andre' Martin, Internal Revenue Service-Criminal Investigation Special Agent in Charge. "The IRS-Criminal Investigation is united with the rest of the law enforcement community in our commitment to pursue individuals who create such havoc against our society and economy."
Sidney Okosun, age 40, a Nigerian national, previously pleaded guilty to bank fraud. Kolawole Aminu, age 45, a Nigerian national, and Oyekunle Ikudayisi, age 39, of White Plains, Maryland, previously pleaded guilty to conspiracy. Aminu was sentenced to 3 years probation and ordered to pay $161,064 in restitution. Ikudayisi and Okosun have not yet been sentenced.
United States Attorney Rod J. Rosenstein thanked the U.S. Secret Service and the Internal Revenue Service - Criminal Investigation for their investigative work. Mr. Rosenstein commended Assistant United States Attorneys James A. Crowell IV and Robert K. Hur, who are prosecuting the case.


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Spain has no official religion. The constitution of 1978 disestablished the Roman Catholic Church as the official state religion, while recognizing the role it plays in Spanish society. More than 90% of the population are at least nominally Catholic.
Beginning in the ninth century BC, Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, and Celts entered the Iberian Peninsula, followed by the Romans, who arrived in the second century BC. Spain's present language, religion, and laws stem from the Roman period. Although the Visigoths arrived in the fifth century AD, the last Roman strongholds along the southern coast did not fall until the seventh century AD. In 711, North African Moors sailed across the straits, swept into Andalusia, and, within a few years, pushed the Visigoths up the peninsula to the Cantabrian Mountains. The Reconquest--efforts to drive out the Moors--lasted until 1492. By 1512, the unification of present-day Spain was complete.
During the 16th century, Spain became the most powerful nation in Europe, due to the immense wealth derived from its presence in the Americas. But a series of long, costly wars and revolts, capped by the defeat by the English of the "Invincible Armada" in 1588, began a steady decline of Spanish power in Europe. Controversy over succession to the throne consumed the country during the 18th century, leading to an occupation by France during the Napoleonic era in the early 1800s, and led to a series of armed conflicts throughout much of the 19th century.
The 19th century saw the revolt and independence of most of Spain's colonies in the Western Hemisphere: three wars over the succession issue; the brief ousting of the monarchy and establishment of the First Republic (1873-74); and, finally, the Spanish-American War (1898), in which Spain lost Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States. A period of dictatorial rule (1923-31) ended with the establishment of the Second Republic. It was dominated by increasing political polarization, culminating in the leftist Popular Front electoral victory in 1936. Pressures from all sides, coupled with growing and unchecked violence, led to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936.
Following the victory of his nationalist forces in 1939, Gen. Francisco Franco ruled a nation exhausted politically and economically. Spain was officially neutral during World War II but followed a pro-Axis policy. The victorious Allies isolated Spain at the beginning of the postwar period, and the country did not join the United Nations until 1955. In 1959, under an International Monetary Fund stabilization plan, the country began liberalizing trade and capital flows, particularly foreign direct investment.
Despite the success of economic liberalization, Spain remained the most closed economy in Western Europe--judged by the small measure of foreign trade to economic activity--and the pace of reform slackened during the 1960s as the state remained committed to "guiding" the economy.
Nevertheless, in the 1960s and 1970s, Spain was transformed into a modern industrial economy with a thriving tourism sector. Its economic expansion led to improved income distribution and helped develop a large middle class. Social changes brought about by economic prosperity and the inflow of new ideas helped set the stage for Spain's transition to democracy during the latter half of the 1970s.
Upon the death of General Franco in November 1975, Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon y Borbon, Franco's personally designated heir, assumed the titles of king and chief of state. Dissatisfied with the slow pace of post-Franco liberalization, in July 1976, the King replaced Franco's last Prime Minister with Adolfo Suarez. Suarez entered office promising that elections would be held within one year, and his government moved to enact a series of laws to liberalize the new regime. Spain's first elections to the Cortes (Parliament) since 1936 were held on June 15, 1977. Prime Minister Suarez's Union of the Democratic Center (UCD), a moderate center-right coalition, won 34% of the vote and the largest bloc of seats in the Cortes.
Under Suarez, the new Cortes set about drafting a democratic constitution that was overwhelmingly approved by voters in a December 1978 national referendum.
In October 1982, the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), led by Felipe Gonzalez Marquez, swept both the Congress of Deputies and Senate, winning an absolute majority. Gonzalez and the PSOE ruled for the next 13 years. During that period, Spain joined NATO and the European Community.
In March 1996, Jose Maria Aznar's Popular Party (PP) won a plurality of votes. Aznar moved to decentralize powers to the regions and liberalize the economy, with a program of privatizations, labor market reform, and measures designed to increase competition in selected markets, principally telecommunications. During Aznar's first term, Spain fully integrated into European institutions, qualifying for the European Monetary Union. During this period, Spain participated, along with the United States and other NATO allies, in military operations in the former Yugoslavia. Spanish planes took part in the air war against Serbia in 1999, and Spanish armed forces and police personnel are included in the international peacekeeping forces in Bosnia and Kosovo. A Spanish general currently commands NATO forces in Kosovo. A former foreign minister, Javier Solana, was Secretary General of NATO during the Kosovo Campaign and currently serves as the head of the European Union's foreign and security policymaking apparatus, with the informal title "Mr. Pesc."
In a landslide victory, President Aznar and the PP won reelection in March 2000, obtaining absolute majorities in both houses of parliament. This mandate has allowed Aznar to form a government unencumbered by the coalition building that characterized his earlier administration. Aznar is expected to continue the policies of economic and political reform that have won his government widespread popular support.
Local Government
The 1978 constitution authorized the creation of regional autonomous governments. By 1985, 17 regions covering all of peninsular Spain, the Canaries, and the Balearic Islands had negotiated autonomy statutes with the central government. In 1979, the first autonomous elections were held in the Basque and Catalan regions, which have the strongest regional traditions by virtue of their history and separate languages. Since then, autonomous governments have been created in the remainder of the 17 regions. The central government continues to devolve powers to the regional governments, which will eventually have full responsibility for health care and education, as well as other social programs.
Spain maintains an embassy in the United States at 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 (tel. 202-728-2340) and consulates in many larger U.S. cities.
Spain's accession to the European Community--now European Union (EU)--in January 1986 required the country to open its economy, modernize its industrial base, improve infrastructure, and revise economic legislation to conform to EU guidelines. In doing so, Spain increased GDP growth, reduced the public debt to GDP ratio, reduced unemployment from 23% to 15% in 3 years, and reduced inflation to under 3%. The Spanish Government under President Aznar worked to meet Maastricht Treaty requirements for economic and monetary union; the fundamental challenges for Spain remain to continue reducing the public sector deficit, to further decrease unemployment, reform labor laws and investment regulations, lower inflation, and raise per capita GDP.
As a member of NATO since 1982, Spain has established itself as a major participant in multilateral international security activities. Spain's EU membership represents an important part of its foreign policy. Even on many international issues beyond western Europe, Spain prefers to coordinate its efforts with its EU partners through the European political cooperation mechanism.
With the normalization of diplomatic relations with Israel and Albania in 1986, Spain virtually completed the process of universalizing its diplomatic relations. The only country with which it now does not have diplomatic relations is North Korea.
Spain has maintained its special identification with Latin America. Its policy emphasizes the concept of Hispanidad, a mixture of linguistic, religious, ethnic, cultural, and historical ties binding Spanish-speaking America to Spain. Spain has been an effective example of transition from authoritarianism to democracy, as shown in the many trips that Spain's King and Prime Ministers have made to the region. Spain maintains economic and technical cooperation programs and cultural exchanges with Latin America, both bilaterally and within the EU.
Spain also continues to focus attention on North Africa, especially on Morocco. This concern is dictated by geographic proximity and long historical contacts, as well as by the two Spanish enclave cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the northern coast of Africa. While Spain's departure from its former colony of Western Sahara ended direct Spanish participation, it maintains an interest in the peaceful resolution of the conflict brought about there by decolonization. Spain has gradually begun to broaden its contacts with Sub-Saharan Africa. It has a particular interest in its former colony of Equatorial Guinea, where it maintains a large aid program.
In its relations with the Arab world, Spain frequently supports Arab positions on Middle East issues. The Arab countries are a priority interest for Spain because of oil and gas imports and because several Arab nations have substantial investments in Spain.
Spain has been successful in managing its relations with its two European neighbors, France and Portugal. The accession of Spain and Portugal to the EU has helped ease some of their periodic trade frictions by putting these into an EU context. Franco-Spanish bilateral cooperation is enhanced by joint action against Basque ETA terrorism. Ties with the United Kingdom are generally good, although the question of Gibraltar remains a sensitive issue.
In addition to U.S. and Spanish cooperation in NATO, defense and security relations between the two countries are regulated by a 1989 agreement on defense cooperation. Under this agreement, Spain authorizes the United States to use certain facilities at Spanish military installations.
The two countries also cooperate in several other important areas. Under a 1964 agreement (currently being renegotiated), the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration (NASA) and the Spanish National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA) jointly operate the Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex in support of Earth orbital and solar system exploration missions. The Madrid Complex is one of the three-largest tracking and data acquisition complexes comprising NASA's Deep Space Network.
An agreement on cultural and educational cooperation was signed on June 7, 1989. A new element, supported by both the public and private sectors, gives a different dimension to the programs carried out by the joint committee for cultural and educational cooperation. These joint committee activities complement the binational Fulbright program for graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and visiting professors, which, in 1989, became the largest in the world. Besides assisting in these exchange endeavors, the U.S. Embassy also conducts a program of official visits between Spain and the United States.
The US embassy is located at Serrano, 75, 28006 Madrid (tel. 34-1-587-2200; fax 34-1-587-2303). Consulate General, Barcelona, Passeig Reina Elisenda 23, Barcelona 08034 (tel. 34-3-280-2227; fax 34-3-205-5206).
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HT's Dipsy Depthfinder features a simple lead weight connected to a heavy-duty clip which attaches to your main line. Drop your line through your hole in the ice to get an idea of water depth. This is great for setting line depths for tip-ups. Finish is blaze orange and comes two per pack.
We offer the HT Enterprises Dipsy Depthfinders in 3/4 oz. or 1 1/4 oz. sizes.
Enter each item individually, then click the "+" or press enter; or type multiple items with a "," between each one.


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McClendon is New GM at Aphex
Sun Valley, CA - Jun 14, 2010 - Late in 2009, Rick McClendon introduced an outsourced sales management consulting service for small- and mid-sized music technology manufacturers. The company is called Pro Sales Management. Shortly after, Aphex Systems signed with Pro Sales Management, and Aphex was acquired by DWV Entertainment, a company run by David Wiener and Robin Sibucao. Weiner and Sibucao have appointed McClendon to the position of general manager of Aphex Systems.
McClendon's appointment was announced at InfoComm 2010.
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Kevin Kraus, head coach of the Revelstoke Grizzlies, patched together enough of a lineup to get his team past the Kamloops Storm on Sunday.
The Grizzlies beat the Storm 2-1 in a KIJHL game at McArthur Island Sport and Event Centre. Kamloops, which had beaten the visiting Kelowna Chiefs 3-2 on Saturday, will go home-and-home with the Sicamous Eagles next weekend, with the teams playing here on Friday and in Sicamous on Saturday.
The Grizzlies got a hard-earned victory last night. Kraus, who used to patrol the blue-line for the WHL's Kamloops Blazers, was impressed with the effort, considering his team has a few injuries and forward Devon Hascarl was called up to play for the BCHL's West Kelowna Warriors.
"We played a short bench and played a simple game," Kraus said. "As the game went on, we got better."
Of course, it also helps when your goaltender plays well.
That was the case with Aaron Brandoli, who made 41 saves, including 16 in the first period, in which the Storm badly outplayed the Grizzlies but couldn't score.
"He's been struggling lately, and he wanted this one tonight," Kraus said. "We gave him the start, and he proved he could do it. I'm really happy with him."
Revelstoke built off Brandoli's strong play in the second period, with Spencer Samuel scoring twice - one by bouncing the puck off Storm defenceman Daniel Buchanan, the other by tipping it out of mid-air and past goaltender Marcus Beesley.
It was crummy luck for the Storm, which played excellent in the first and third periods.
"All in all, I thought we played very hard," said Kamloops head coach Brad Priestlay. "A couple bounces went the other way, and a couple bounces didn't go our way."
Kamloops' Devin Oakes scored a third-period goal for the Storm, which is 10-6-2-2 and second in the Doug Birks Division. The Grizzlies are 9-7-1-1 and fourth in the division, but only seven points out of first.
Kraus, who also is the Grizzlies' general manager, said it has been an up-and-down season for his team.
Kraus, who played part of the 2006-07 season with the Blazers, also has had some personal luck this season. He crashed his pickup truck on the Trans-Canada Highway near Sicamous on Oct. 3, but managed to walk away.
"I'm feeling good," said Kraus, 23. "I walked away with minor injuries and a bit of a shoulder injury from the seat-belt. Everything's good."
On Saturday, Rourke O'Briain, Ian Chrystal and Josh Rasmussen scored for the Storm and Beesley made 36 saves. Nick Josephs and Kirk Reeve replied for Kelowna, and Tyler O'Donnell and Kenny Fitzgerald combined to make 28 saves.
The Chase Heat defeated the visiting Penticton Lakers 3-2 on Saturday.
Reece Forman, Ethan Kalugin and Kurtis Johnson scored for Chase, and Devon Pearson made 21 saves. Joey DiCaire and Lucas Kwasny scored for Penticton, which got 29 saves from Joel Wilson.
© Copyright 2015 Kamloops Daily News


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calcium deficiency
calcium deficiency
Inadequate supply or metabolism of calcium, the main structural element of bones and teeth. Its metabolism is regulated by vitamin D, phosphorus, and hormones (see parathyroid gland). Calcium in the blood has roles in muscle contraction, nerve-impulse transmission, blood clotting, milk production, hormone secretion, and enzyme function, for which calcium is pulled from the bones if deficiency develops. Chronic deficiency may be a factor in the development of osteoporosis or osteomalacia (softening of bone) and may contribute to hypertension and colon cancer. Severe calcium deficiency (hypocalcemia), usually the result of a metabolic problem rather than a dietary deficiency, causes numbness, tingling, and painful muscle aches and spasms.
This entry comes from Encyclopædia Britannica Concise.
For the full entry on calcium deficiency, visit Britannica.com.
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