text:
Cars > 1OF6K's Garage
About 1OF6K's Garage
About me and my passion for cars
My love for cars was from a small child playin with match box cars....My taste has always been pointer to the fast cars. Dad had a olds with a big block and I used to tell him from like 5yrs old punch it! He would just to hear that four barrel open up that thing sounded sweet.
When I did buy my first it was a 1968 furd mustang. Saved up three years to buy this mustang it had ac a 289 V-8 with the pony interior. Man did i go though rear tires every month that thing would light them up. Moved up to a faster car senior year 1969 corvette with a big block in it. The car was not mine it was a friend that joined the Army and he ask me to take care of her. Boy did i take care of that car...it took care of me for sure.
Look at my garage and you will see my passion for fast cars...thx
My first car
My first was a 1968 Ford Mustang I was 15 I saved up for two years - dad came along to make I didn't make a mistake. V-8 289 Pony interior sweet ride.
Car I wish I still had
1969 vette Big Block 4speed
My dream car
1955 chevy chopped
Car clubs I'm in
- Type of racing: NASCAR
- Driver: Dale Jr.
- Driving song: Fat Bottom Girls - Queen
- Car movie: Bullet
- Car magazine: Hot Rod - Super Chevy
— Profile last updated: Nov 3, 2014
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BADASS TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS Enthusiast
Illinois, United States
Cool Ride of the Week alumni Enthusiast
This group is exclusive to Cool Ride of the Week alumni. Our goal is to promote Motortopia and make the Motortopia experience great for all members. We hope to expand on this soon! I really need member input and ideas. Jerry
California, United States
MONTE CARLOS of MOTORTOPIA Enthusiast
Club Groups
Got Muscle? Car Club Club
Our club is located in South Florida with members in Broward and Palm Beach counties. We are a new car club devoted basically to muscle cars of the 60's and 70's, although the club is open to other cars by invitation only. Our club was founded by Soupy, Harlan, Mike & Joe in June of '07 and we...
Florida, United States
Monte Millennium... Club
We cater to all generations of Chevrolet Monte Carlo's, from 1970's to present. All Monte Carlo's are welcome! We are here to bring Monte Carlo owners and enthusiasts together worldwide. If you own a Monte Carlo, we want to see you and allow you to show others your car. Regardless if your Monte...
Michigan, United States
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South Florida living - Car Shows
Mar 1, 2008
What a weekend Sat.and Sun weather was in the 70's a cool breeze 5mph. Saturday we had AACA event many kwel cars. Over 100 car I guessing. Smart car guys at this show spend...
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A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter. A syllable is typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants).
Syllables are often considered the phonological "building blocks" of words. They can influence the rhythm of a language, its prosody, its poetic meter and its stress patterns.
Syllabic writing began several hundred years before the first letters. The earliest recorded syllables are on tablets written around 2800 BC in the Sumerian city of Ur. This shift from pictograms to syllables has been called "the most important advance in the history of writing".[1]
A word that consists of a single syllable (like English dog) is called a monosyllable (and is said to be monosyllabic). Similar terms include disyllable (and disyllabic) for a word of two syllables; trisyllable (and trisyllabic) for a word of three syllables; and polysyllable (and polysyllabic), which may refer either to a word of more than three syllables or to any word of more than one syllable.
Syllable is a Anglo-Norman variation of Old French sillabe, from Latin syllaba, from Koine Greek συλλαβή syllabḗ [sylːabɛ̌ː]. συλλαβή means "what is taken together", referring to letters that are taken together to make a single sound.[2]
συλλαβή is a verbal noun from the verb συλλαμβάνω syllambánō, a compound of the preposition σύν sýn "with" and the verb λαμβάνω lambánō "take".[3] The noun uses the root λαβ-, which appears in the aorist tense; the present tense stem λαμβάν- is formed by adding an nasal infix ⟨μ⟩ ⟨m⟩ before the β b and a suffix -αν -an at the end.[4]
In most theories of phonology, the general structure of a syllable (σ) consists of three segments:
- Onset (ω)
- consonant, obligatory in some languages, optional or even restricted in others
- Nucleus (ν)
- sonorant, obligatory in most languages
- Coda (κ)
- consonant, optional in some languages, highly restricted or prohibited in others
The syllable is usually considered right-branching, i.e. nucleus and coda are grouped together as a "rime" and are only distinguished at the second level. However, in some traditional descriptions of certain languages[specify], the syllable is considered left-branching, i.e. onset and nucleus group below a higher-level unit, called a "body" or "core":
- Rime (ρ)
- right branch, contrasts with onset, splits into nucleus and coda
- Body or core
- left branch, contrasts with coda, splits into onset and nucleus
In some theories the onset is strictly consonantal, thus necessitating another segment before the nucleus:
- Initial (ι)
- often termed onset, but leaving out semi-vowels
- Medial (μ)
- glide between initial, if any, and nucleus or rime
- Final (φ)
- contrasts with initial, extended rime
Although every syllable has supra-segmental features, these are usually ignored if not semantically relevant, e.g. in tonal languages.
- Tone (τ)
- may be carried by the syllable as a whole or by the rime
In some theories of phonology, these syllable structures are displayed as tree diagrams (similar to the trees found in some types of syntax). Not all phonologists agree that syllables have internal structure; in fact, some phonologists doubt the existence of the syllable as a theoretical entity.[5]
The nucleus is usually the vowel in the middle of a syllable. The onset is the sound or sounds occurring before the nucleus, and the coda (literally 'tail') is the sound or sounds that follow the nucleus. They are sometimes collectively known as the shell. The term rime covers the nucleus plus coda. In the one-syllable English word cat, the nucleus is a (the sound that can be shouted or sung on its own), the onset c, the coda t, and the rime at. This syllable can be abstracted as a consonant-vowel-consonant syllable, abbreviated CVC. Languages vary greatly in the restrictions on the sounds making up the onset, nucleus and coda of a syllable, according to what is termed a language's phonotactics.
The onset is the consonant sound or sounds at the beginning of a syllable, occurring before the nucleus. Most syllables have an onset. Some languages restrict onsets to be only a single consonant, while others allow multiconsonant onsets according to various rules. For example, in English, onsets such as pr-, pl- and tr- are possible but tl- is not, and sk- is possible but ks- is not. In Greek, however, both ks- and tl- are possible onsets, while contrarily in Classical Arabic no multiconsonant onsets are allowed at all.
Some languages require all syllables to have an onset; in these languages a null onset such as in the English word "at" is not possible. This is less strange than it may appear at first, as most such languages allow syllables to begin with a phonemic glottal stop (the sound in the middle of English "uh-oh", represented in the IPA as /ʔ/). Furthermore, in English and most other languages, a word that begins with a vowel is automatically pronounced with an initial glottal stop when following a pause, whether or not a glottal stop occurs as a phoneme in the language. Consequently, few languages make a phonemic distinction between a word beginning with a vowel and a word beginning with a glottal stop followed by a vowel, since the distinction will generally only be audible following another word. (However, Maltese languages,Hawaiian and a number of other Polynesian languages do make such a distinction; cf. Hawaiian /ahi/ "fire", /ʔahi/ "tuna".)
This means that the difference between a syllable with a null onset and one beginning with a glottal stop is often purely a difference of phonological analysis, rather than the actual pronunciation of the syllable. In some cases, the pronunciation of a (putatively) vowel-initial word when following another word – particularly, whether or not a glottal stop is inserted – indicates whether the word should be considered to have a null onset. For example, many Romance languages such as Spanish never insert such a glottal stop, while English does so only some of the time, depending on factors such as conversation speed; in both cases, this suggests that the words in question are truly vowel-initial. But there are exceptions here, too. For example, standard German (excluding many southern accents) and Arabic both require that a glottal stop be inserted between a word and a following, putatively vowel-initial word. Yet such words are said to begin with a vowel in German but a glottal stop in Arabic. The reason for this has to do with other properties of the two languages. For example, a glottal stop does not occur in other situations in German, e.g. before a consonant or at the end of word. On the other hand, in Arabic, not only does a glottal stop occur in such situations (e.g. Classical /saʔala/ "he asked", /raʔj/ "opinion", /dˤawʔ/ "light"), but it occurs in alternations that are clearly indicative of its phonemic status (cf. Classical /kaːtib/ "writer" vs. /maktuːb/ "written", /ʔaːkil/ "eater" vs. /maʔkuːl/ "eaten").
The writing system of a language may not correspond with the phonological analysis of the language in terms of its handling of (potentially) null onsets. For example, in some languages written in the Latin alphabet, an initial glottal stop is left unwritten; on the other hand, some languages written using non-Latin alphabets such as abjads and abugidas have a special zero consonant to represent a null onset. As an example, in Hangul, the alphabet of the Korean language, a null onset is represented with ㅇ at the left or top section of a grapheme, as in 역 "station", pronounced yeok, where the diphthong yeo is the nucleus and k is the coda.
Word | Nucleus |
cat [kæt] | [æ] |
bed [bɛd] | [ɛ] |
ode [oʊd] | [oʊ] |
beet [bit] | [i] |
bite [baɪt] | [aɪ] |
rain [reɪn] | [eɪ] |
bitten [ˈbɪt.ən] or [ˈbɪt.n̩] |
[ɪ] [ə] or [n̩] |
The nucleus is usually the vowel in the middle of a syllable. Generally, every syllable requires a nucleus (sometimes called the peak), and the minimal syllable consists only of a nucleus, as in the English words "eye" or "owe". The syllable nucleus is usually a vowel, in the form of a monophthong, diphthong, or triphthong, but sometimes is a syllabic consonant. By far the most common syllabic consonants are sonorants like [l], [r], [m], [n] or [ŋ], but a few languages have so-called syllabic fricatives, also known as fricative vowels. (In the context of Chinese phonology, the related but non-synonymous term apical vowel is commonly used.) Mandarin Chinese is famous for having such sounds in at least some of its dialects, for example the pinyin syllables sī shī rī, sometimes pronounced [sź̩ ʂʐ̩́ ʐʐ̩́] respectively. A few languages, such as Nuxalk (Bella Coola), even allow stop consonants and voiceless fricatives as syllabic nuclei. However, linguists have analyzed this situation in various ways, some arguing that such syllables have no nucleus at all, and some arguing that the concept of "syllable" cannot clearly be applied at all to these languages. See the discussion below concerning syllable-less languages.
The coda comprises the consonant sounds of a syllable that follow the nucleus, which is usually a vowel. The combination of a nucleus and a coda is called a rime. Some syllables consist only of a nucleus with no coda. Some languages' phonotactics limit syllable codas to a small group of single consonants, whereas others allow any consonant phoneme or even clusters of consonants. If the coda consists of a consonant cluster, the sonority decreases from left to right, as in the English word help. This is called the sonority profile.[6]
A coda-less syllable of the form V, CV, CCV, etc. (V = vowel, C = consonant) is called an open syllable (or free syllable), while a syllable that has a coda (VC, CVC, CVCC, etc.) is called a closed syllable (or checked syllable). Note that they have nothing to do with open and close vowels. Almost all languages allow open syllables, but some, such as Hawaiian, do not have closed syllables.
Note that when a syllable is not the last syllable in a word, the nucleus normally must be followed by two consonants in order for the syllable to be closed. This is because a single following consonant is typically considered the onset of the following syllable. For example, Spanish casar "to marry" is composed of an open syllable followed by a closed syllable (ca-sar), whereas cansar "to get tired" is composed of two closed syllables (can-sar). When a geminate (double) consonant occurs, the syllable boundary occurs in the middle, e.g. Italian panna "cream" (pan-na); cf. Italian pane "bread" (pa-ne).
English single-syllable words that have both a nucleus and a coda (i.e. closed syllables), where ν denotes "nucleus" and κ "coda":
- in: ν = /ɪ/, κ = /n/
- cup: ν = /ʌ/, κ = /p/
- tall: ν = /ɔː/, κ = /l/
- milk: ν = /ɪ/, κ = /lk/
- tints: ν = /ɪ/, κ = /nts/
- fifths: ν = /ɪ/, κ = /fθs/
- sixths: ν = /ɪ/, κ = /ksθs/
- twelfths: ν = /ɛ/, κ = /lfθs/
- strengths: ν = /ɛ/, κ = /ŋθs/
The following single-syllable words end in a nucleus and do not have a coda (i.e. open syllables):
- glue, ν = /uː/
- pie, ν = /ʌɪ/ or /aɪ/
- though, ν = /əʊ/ (UK) or /oʊ/ (US)
- boy, ν = /ɔɪ/
A list of examples of syllable codas in English is found at English phonology: Coda.
The rime or rhyme of a syllable consists of a nucleus and an optional coda. It is the part of the syllable used in most poetic rhymes, and the part that is lengthened or stressed when a person elongates or stresses a word in speech.
The rime is usually the portion of a syllable from the first vowel to the end. For example, /æt/ is the rime of all of the words at, sat, and flat. However, the nucleus does not necessarily need to be a vowel in some languages. For instance, the rime of the second syllables of the words bottle and fiddle is just /l/, a liquid consonant.
"Rime" and "rhyme" are variants of the same word, but the rarer form "rime" is sometimes used to mean specifically "syllable rime" to differentiate it from the concept of poetic rhyme. This distinction is not made by some linguists and does not appear in most dictionaries.
The simplest model of syllable structure divides each syllable into an optional onset, an obligatory nucleus and an optional coda.
There exist, however, many arguments for a hierarchical relationship, rather than a linear one, between the syllable constituents. This hierarchical model groups the syllable nucleus and coda into an intermediate level, the rime. The hierarchical model accounts for the role that the nucleus+coda constituent plays in verse (i.e., rhyming words such as cat and bat are formed by matching both the nucleus and coda, or the entire rhyme), and for the distinction between heavy and light syllables, which plays a role in phonological processes such as, for example, sound change in Old English scipu and wordu.[7]
Just as the rime branches into the nucleus and coda, the nucleus and coda may each branch into multiple phonemes.[8]
structure: | syllable = | onset | + rhyme |
Medial and final[edit]
In the phonology of some East Asian languages, especially Chinese, the syllable structure is expanded to include an additional, optional segment known as a medial, which is located between the onset (often termed the initial in this context) and the rime. The medial is normally a glide consonant, but reconstructions of Old Chinese generally include liquid medials (/r/ in modern reconstructions, /l/ in older versions), and many reconstructions of Middle Chinese include a medial contrast between /i/ and /j/, where the /i/ functions phonologically as a glide rather than as part of the nucleus. In addition, many reconstructions of both Old and Middle Chinese include complex medials such as /rj/, /ji/, /jw/ and /jwi/. The medial groups phonologically with the rime rather than the onset, and the combination of medial and rime is collectively known as the final.
Some linguists, especially when discussing the modern Chinese varieties, use the terms "final" and "rime/rhyme" interchangeably. In historical Chinese phonology, however, the distinction between "final" (including the medial) and "rime" (not including the medial) is important in understanding the rime dictionaries and rime tables that form the primary sources for Middle Chinese, and as a result most authors distinguish the two according to the above definition.
In most languages, the pitch or pitch contour in which a syllable is pronounced conveys shades of meaning such as emphasis or surprise, or distinguishes a statement from a question. In tonal languages, however, the pitch affects the basic lexical meaning (e.g. "cat" vs. "dog") or grammatical meaning (e.g. past vs. present). In some languages, only the pitch itself (e.g. high vs. low) has this effect, while in others, especially East Asian languages such as Chinese, Thai or Vietnamese, the shape or contour (e.g. level vs. rising vs. falling) also needs to be distinguished.
A heavy syllable is generally one with a branching rime, i.e. it is either a closed syllable that ends in a consonant, or a syllable with a branching nucleus, i.e. a long vowel or diphthong. The name is a metaphor, based on the nucleus or coda having lines that branch in a tree diagram.
In some languages, heavy syllables include both VV (branching nucleus) and VC (branching rime) syllables, contrasted with V, which is a light syllable. In other languages, only VV syllables are considered heavy, while both VC and V syllables are light. Some languages distinguish a third type of superheavy syllable, which consists of VVC syllables (with both a branching nucleus and rime) or VCC syllables (with a coda consisting of two or more consonants) or both.
In moraic theory, heavy syllables are said to have two moras, while light syllables are said to have one and superheavy syllables are said to have three. Japanese phonology is generally described this way.
Many languages forbid superheavy syllables, while a significant number forbid any heavy syllable. Some languages strive for consonant syllable weight; for example, in stressed, non-final syllables in Italian, short vowels co-occur with closed syllables while long vowels co-occur with open syllables, so that all such syllables are heavy (not light or superheavy).
The difference between heavy and light frequently determines which syllables receive stress – this is the case in Latin and Arabic, for example. The system of poetic meter in many classical languages, such as Classical Greek, Classical Latin, Old Tamil and Sanskrit, is based on syllable weight rather than stress (so-called quantitative rhythm or quantitative meter).
A classical definition[edit]
Guilhem Molinier, a member of the Consistori del Gay Saber, which was the first literary academy in the world and held the Floral Games to award the best troubadour with the violeta d'aur top prize, gave a definition of the syllable in his Leys d'amor (1328–1337), a book aimed at regulating the then flourishing Occitan poetry:
Sillaba votz es literals. |
A syllable is the sound of several letters, |
The domain of suprasegmental features is the syllable and not a specific sound, that is to say, they affect all the segments of a syllable:
Sometimes syllable length is also counted as a suprasegmental feature; for example, in some Germanic languages, long vowels may only exist with short consonants and vice versa. However, syllables can be analyzed as compositions of long and short phonemes, as in Finnish and Japanese, where consonant gemination and vowel length are independent.
Phonotactic constraints[edit]
Phonotactic rules determine which sounds are allowed or disallowed in each part of the syllable. English allows very complicated syllables; syllables may begin with up to three consonants (as in string or splash), and occasionally end with as many as four (as in prompts). Many other languages are much more restricted; Japanese, for example, only allows /ɴ/ and a chroneme in a coda, and theoretically has no consonant clusters at all, as the onset is composed of at most one consonant.[9]
There are languages that forbid empty onsets, such as Hebrew and Arabic (the names transliterated as "Israel", "Abraham", "Abel", "Omar", "Abdullah", "Iraq" and "Iran", among many others, actually begin with semiconsonantic glides or with glottal or pharyngeal consonants: yisrāʔēl, ʔaḅrāhām, heḅel, ʕumar, ʕabduḷḷāh, ʕirāq, ʔīrān in proper transcription). Conversely, some analyses of the Arrernte language of central Australia posit that no onsets are permitted at all in that language, all syllables being underlyingly of the shape VC(C).[10]
The International Phonetic Alphabet provides the period as the symbol for marking syllable breaks. In practice, however, IPA transcription is typically divided into words by spaces, and often these spaces are also understood to be syllable breaks. When a word space comes in the middle of a syllable (that is, when a syllable spans words), a tie bar can be used for liaison.[11]
Syllabification is the separation of a word into syllables, whether spoken or written. In most languages, the actually spoken syllables are the basis of syllabification in writing too. Due to the very weak correspondence between sounds and letters in the spelling of modern English, for example, written syllabification in English has to be based mostly on etymological i.e. morphological instead of phonetic principles. English "written" syllables therefore do not correspond to the actually spoken syllables of the living language.
Syllabification may also refer to the process of a consonant becoming a syllable nucleus.
Syllable division and ambisyllabicity[edit]
There can be disagreement about the location of some divisions between syllables in spoken language. The problems of dealing with such cases have been most commonly discussed with relation to English. In the case of a word such as 'hurry', the division may be /hʌr.i/ or /hʌ.ri/, neither of which seems a satisfactory analysis for a non-rhotic accent such as RP (British English): /hʌr.i/ results in a syllable-final /r/, which is not normally found, while /hʌ.ri/ gives a syllable-final short stressed vowel, which is also non-occurring. Arguments can be made in favour of one solution or the other: Wells (2002)[12] proposes a general rule that "Subject to certain conditions ..., consonants are syllabified with the more strongly stressed of two flanking syllables", while many other phonologists prefer to divide syllables with the consonant or consonants attached to the following syllable wherever possible. However, an alternative that has received some support is to treat an intervocalic consonant as ambisyllabic, i.e. belonging both to the preceding and to the following syllable. This is discussed in more detail in English phonology#Phonotactics. However, Wells concludes that "ambisyllabicity is not a useful concept".
Syllable structure often interacts with stress. In Latin, for example, stress is regularly determined by syllable weight, a syllable counting as heavy if it has at least one of the following:
In each case the syllable is considered to have two morae.
Vowel tenseness[edit]
In most Germanic languages, lax vowels can occur only in closed syllables. Therefore, these vowels are also called checked vowels, as opposed to the tense vowels that are called free vowels because they can occur even in open syllables.
Nucleus-less syllables[edit]
The notion of syllable is challenged by languages that allow long strings of consonants without any intervening vowel or sonorant. Even in English there are a few para-verbal utterances that have no vowels; for example, shh (meaning "be quiet") and psst (a sound used to attract attention).
Languages of the Northwest coast of North America, including Salishan and Wakashan languages, are famous for this.
- Nuxálk (Bella Coola)
- [ɬχʷtɬtsxʷ] 'you spat on me'
- [ts'ktskʷts'] 'he arrived'
- [xɬp'χʷɬtɬpɬɬs] 'he had in his possession a bunchberry plant'[13]
- [sxs] 'seal blubber'
In Bagemihl's survey of previous analyses, he finds that the word [ts'ktskʷts'] would have been parsed into 0, 2, 3, 5, or 6 syllables depending which analysis is used. One analysis would consider all vowel and consonants segments as syllable nuclei, another would consider only a small subset (fricatives or sibilants) as nuclei candidates, and another would simply deny the existence of syllables completely.
This type of phenomenon has also been reported in Berber languages (such as Indlawn Tashlhiyt Berber), Moroccan Arabic (apparently under Berber influence), Mon–Khmer languages (such as Semai, Temiar, Kammu) and Ōgami (a Miyako Ryukyuan language).[14]
- Indlawn Tashlhiyt Berber
- [tftktst tfktstt] 'you sprained it and then gave it'
- [rkkm] 'rot' (imperf.)[15]
- Semai
- [kckmrʔɛːc] 'short, fat arms'[16]
See also[edit]
- English phonology#Phonotactics. Covers syllable structure in English.
- Entering tone
- IPA symbols for syllables
- Line (poetry)
- List of the longest English words with one syllable
- Minor syllable
- Mora (linguistics)
- Phonology
- Pitch accent
- Stress (linguistics)
- Syllabary writing system
- Syllabic consonant
- Syllabification
- Timing (linguistics)
- ^ Geoffrey Blainey, A Short History of the World, p.87, citing J.T. Hooker et al., Reading the Past: Ancient Writing from Cuneiform to the Alphabet, British Museum, 1993, Ch. 2
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "syllable". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
- ^ λαμβάνω. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
- ^ Smyth 1920, §523: present stems formed by suffixes containing ν
- ^ See CUNY Conference on the Syllable for discussion of the theoretical existence of the syllable.
- ^ PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY The Syllable and Phonotactic Constraints, Jonathan Harrington and Felicity Cox, http://clas.mq.edu.au/
- ^ Feng, Shengli (2003). A Prosodic Grammar of Chinese. University of Kansas. p. 3.
- ^ The limit for the number of phonemes which may be contained in each varies by language. For example, Japanese and most Sino-Tibetan languages do not have consonant clusters at the beginning or end of syllables, whereas many Eastern European languages can have more than two consonants at the beginning or end of the syllable. In English, the onset, nucleus, and coda may all have two phonemes, as in the word flouts: [fl] in the onset, the diphthong [aʊ] in the nucleus, and [ts] in the coda.
- ^ Shibatani, Masayoshi (1987). "Japanese". In Bernard Comrie. The World's Major Languages. Oxford University Press. pp. 855–80. ISBN 0-19-520521-9.
- ^ Arrernte: a language with no syllable onsets. Gavan Breen and Rob Pensalfini. Linguistic Inquiry. Vol. 30, No. 1 (1999), pp. 1-25. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- ^ The liaison tie is also used to join lexical words into phonological words, for example in the Croatian illustration in the IPA Handbook
- ^ http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/syllabif.htm
- ^ (Bagemihl 1991:589, 593, 627)
- ^ http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/52/95/98/PDF/irl-ogami.pdf
- ^ (Dell & Elmedlaoui 1985, 1988)
- ^ (Sloan 1988)
Sources and recommended reading[edit]
- Bagemihl, Bruce (1991). "Syllable structure in Bella Coola". Linguistic Inquiry 22: 589–646.
- Clements, George N.; Keyser, Samuel J.. (1983). CV phonology: A generative theory of the syllable. Linguistic inquiry monographs (No. 9). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-53047-3 (pbk); ISBN 0-262-03098-5 (hb)
- Dell, François; Elmedlaoui, Mohamed (1985). "Syllabic consonants and syllabification in Imdlawn Tashlhiyt Berber". Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 7 (2): 105–130. doi:10.1515/jall.19220.127.116.11.
- Dell, François; Elmedlaoui, Mohamed (1988). "Syllabic consonants in Berber: Some new evidence". Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 10: 1–17. doi:10.1515/jall.19126.96.36.199.
- Ladefoged, Peter (2001). A course in phonetics (4th ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers. ISBN 0-15-507319-2.
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920). A Greek Grammar for Colleges. American Book Company. Retrieved 1 January 2014 – via CCEL.
External links[edit]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Talbots are evacuating their home amidst a zombie apocalypse. Mankind is on the edge of extinction as a new dominant, mindless opponent scours the landscape in search of food, which just so happens to be noninfected humans. This book follows the journey of Michael Talbot; his wife Tracy; and their three kids, Nicole, Justin, and Travis. Accompanying them are Brendon, Nicole's fiancé and former Wal-Mart door greeter, and Tommy, who may be more than he seems. Together they struggle against a ruthless, relentless enemy that has singled them out above all others.
The Talbots have escaped Little Turtle, but to what end? For, on the run, they find themselves encountering a far vaster evil than the one that has already beset them. As they travel across the war-torn countryside they soon learn that there are more than just zombies to be fearful of: With law and order a long-distant memory, some humans have decided to take any and all matters into their own hands. Can the Talbots come through unscathed, or will they suffer the fate of so many countless millions before them?
It's not just brains versus brain-eaters anymore. And the stakes may be higher than merely life and death, with eternal souls on the line.
©2010 Mark Tufo (P)2012 Tantor
"Mark Tufo has written the first zombie series that kept me up reading all night." (John Ramsey Miller, author of The Last Family)
All of my reviews are on my blog audiobookreviewer dot com
"Sequals Are Not Always Bad"
I really wanted to enjoy A Plague Upon Your Family: Zombie Fallout, Book 2 just as much as the first book. I didn't, simply because this was one of those stories that has to be told but not much really happens. This audio book is a must listen for anyone that has already listened to Zombie Fallout: Zombie Fallout, Book 1 and wants to continue on down the dark and comical path with the Talbot's. A Plague Upon Your Family: Zombie Fallout, Book 2 wasn't the book I was looking for but Tufo had me hooked right in the beginning and I had to keep listening the bumblings of Micheal. Because of the cliff hanger ending this book made me need to listen to the third book in the series, needing to know what happens. As I was entertained with this audio book, and I would recommend to any Zombie Fallout fan, it did not live up to my sometimes unattainable expectations. I will be listening to the third book soon.
"A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies. The man who never reads lives only one." - Jojen Reed. #ADanceWithDragons
"An excellent sequel"
The second installment of the Zombie Fallout series most definitely did not disappoint. The first title leaves you essentially salivating for more with the way it ended and I can assure you this will do the same. It would appear that the author of these books, Mark Tufo, is a fan of ending these titles at a stage that just leaves you craving for more (I somewhat hope that by the time I listen through all the books the other installment would be out).
A number of other characters were brought to the fore here during this book, as well as a number of interesting twists where the zombies are concerned. The entire Talbot family all goes through varying degrees of changes through this one but once again seeing the world through the eyes of Mike Talbot in this post-apocalyptic world is probably the most enjoying part of this. I really do agree with him that he needs to be checked out after all this and I don't particular mean because of the traumatic experience of being hunted by Zombies, clearly his issues are far deeper routed but yet it makes for a HILARIOUS listen.
Sean Runnette is perfection in this title especially where he depicts Mike Talbot (the main character). I honestly believe you would be hard pressed finding anyone who could do anything better than what he did in this title. He simply made it a joy to listen to...
Two Thumbs Up for AWESOMENESS!
On to the next one....
"Verbal Diarhea"
Not if you paid me!
The lack of Story. The author has fallen so deeply in love with his character that he lost sight of the fact that there is supposed to be a story. I liked the first book in the series so I bought the second thinking that it would be mostly story and not constant background and side trips to no where! I was wrong.
its consistent.
Is the extremely poor decision making that permeates this genre intentional or are the authors really that dumb? None of these characters stand a chance in h*** of surviving if they actually behaved as they are written.
I will listen to NO boring book. Old Fav's,Card, King , Hobb. New Fav's, Hill, Scalzi, Sawyer, Interested in Lansdale, Crouch, Konrath
"I Hate Mike Talbot!!"
I have given four stars to Calis Rose and Timothy. I think I gave three stars to Zombie Fallout book one. I like Mark Tufo, but I hate this character. Every single line is a middle school joke or pun. I might have laughed once in seven hours. It was like a 1970 sitcom without the laugh track. JEAN LOOKED SHAKEN, NOT STIRRED. If there was a story, I totally missed it. I have gotten bored with a lot of books, but this one made me mad and the longer I listened the madder I got. I had to quit listening to let my blood pressure settle. I have a sense of humor, I love Richard Kadry's Sandman Slim and Maberry's Joe Ledger. They are both characters who make continual wise cracks and I laugh. Talbot is just annoying.
"Confused story with no ending"
I really liked the first book, so I eagerly got this one. The author managed to up the ante in terms of combat and conflict, but at the expense of story. The story is real fragmented. For example the story is told by the main character, apparently by way of a diary that he left, but we never do learn anything about the diary. They introduce the "fast zombies", but again this new revelation never really goes anywhere, and seems forgotten by the end. And then there is the "ending" that really isn't. The book just kind of ends without even a satisfying temporary resolution. It's like the author reached his target page or word count and just called it a day.
I like Jack Reacher style characters regardless of setting. Put them in outer space, in modern America, in a military setting, on an alien planet... no worries. Book has non moralistic vigilante-justice? Sign me up! (oh, I read urban fantasy, soft and hard sci-fi, trashy vampire and zombie novels too)
"Would be better without the 'humor'... Maybe..."
I don't know that I'd go as far as to say the book is misogynistic... more like the author pokes fun at the stereotypical relationship where the wife has the husband's balls in a cup. But, perhaps, it's the fact that the narrator mentions this fact EVERY SINGLE TIME the wife is in the scene that makes people think it's misogynistic.
The fart humor (yes, I use that word VERY loosely... kinda like the sphincter control in the story) is here - and more frequent - than in book one. I guess the fact that the dog, or the narrator, farts in every chapter is FUNNN-Y. I laughed and laughed and laughed, until I farted.
So, those points aside... did I like this book? Not as much as book one, where we see the family escape from zombies... this installment has them leading zombies across the country. This could have been okay except for the tiny little fact that about 1/3 of the way through, the narrator REALIZED a) that they are being followed by the zombie hoarde and b) WHY they are being followed. And, instead of dealing with WHY they are being followed (there are things he could have done to stop this following), he just continues on, blundering into one event, then another.
I don't mind fantastical plotting, but I do require that the characters - once they know what a problem is - at least attempt to deal with it... not just keep carrying on because that's the only way the story is longer than 80 pages.
The story is sorta wrapped up here... well, not really, but at least it's not a cliffhanger ending. I already own the next couple books in this series, but they are quite a ways down my to-read list now. The fart subplot left a bit of a stink in the air and I'll wait for that to clear before continuing the series.
Avid Zombie fan who's starting to listen to more and more Fantasy and Sci-Fi stories. So, my description is apt to change. Dog lover who's known to have cats. LOL C# coder, part-time prepper, B movie fan, AMC watcher, recovering but successful day trader, perpetual student, overjoyed uncle, former adrenaline junkie with a flare for cooking, and lots more. LOL
"lay's potato chips...once you start you can't stop"
A Plague Upon Your Family starts with eliza's backstory leading up to present day- good stuff. the story then picks up where zombie fallout leaves off, on christmas day with mike and the rest of the neighborhood survivors fleeing in the truck.
if you liked the first book, you'll like this one. some of the minor characters from book 1 come to the forefront.
one of my favorites is bt, big tiny. bt plays a larger role in this book. i love the bantering between mike and bt. i think sean runnette's portrayal of bt gets even better. he does a great job intoning bt's deep voice.
mrs. dino (i don't know how to spell her name, but it sounds like "di" and "no.") is a character i love to hate. she's a survivor. she'll stand back and let someone else die if it means she'll be ok. she'll watch you get eaten while she hangs back, chain-smokes her cigarettes, and puts you down.
justin, mike's oldest son, gets worse and worse. the zommbie scratch on his face has everybody wondering about him, even henry, mike's english bulldog. justin is slowly falling under the influence of eliza. justin is a homing beacon for eliza's army of zombies. justin's descent is creepy as his actions convey hostility towards his own family.
somehow, dergin is still alive. he has a secret and a special delivery for mike.
after surviving and heading east, the group of survivors break up. mike, his family, and a few survivors head to north dakota to see if tracy's mother is still alive. alex and the remaining group of survivors head south to florida.
mike and his group head to tracy's mother's house, a small house on a farm in the middle of nowhere. along the way, they battle zombies and other humans, who have insidous intentions. mike and his crew also have to deal with a new breed of zombies, speeders. fresh undead that can sprint without tiring.
their trek ultimately leads them to tracy's mother's house where the mother of all zombie fights breaks out. mike and his crew's only respites have come b/c eliza is gathering her forces of zombies to assault the lone house in the middle of nowhere. miles of zombies are headed towards them.
"Amazing Sequel!!!"
What was suppose to be a 30 min trip to the grocery store lapsed into a hour and a half because of this book. I was trying to find a stopping place to check-out but one never came; I couldn't stand to push pause.
As the Talbots continue their journey to Mrs' Talbot's mother's house the caravan just can't get a break. This poor family and their friends just has the worse luck sometimes but thank goodness for Tommy and his premonitions or spirit guide (who he calls Ryan Seacrest...LOL...just cracks me up).
The story does have mild but intense action scenes like the battle between the sick rapist in the white ford trucks and the Talbot caravan but the intense, edge of the seat gripping, anxiety evoking battle is the last battle in this book.
Imagine walking next to a women in a grocery store who is laughing so hard and so loud she causes those around her to laugh. Well I have to say Mike's McDonald's story was hilarious.
Scariest part was the just about every battle or encounter they had with the Zombies.
Can't wait till the third installment...I will miss the Talbots.
"I couldn't stop laughing."
Witty, entertaining, gross.
I love Tommy and Mike.
McDonald's for one and the highway chase. The internal dialogue throughout this book made me laugh so hard, I love it.
If you like zombies, there is enough of them for you, If you like humor this book is more your style. I wouldn't want to live in this world, but Mark Tufo's vision made it a great ride. I can't wait to get the next book and I am so glad I don't have to wait for it to be released.
I couldn't imagine anyone else narrating this series. Perfect timing every time. Sean Runnette I am a fan now.
Avid Zombie Fiction listener!!! Bring on the living dead.
"Listen to this Series!!! It will NOT disappoint..."
Great story, Great narration, Great characters, Great series!!!
The whole series is very well written and flows perfectly.
"More gruesome adventures from the Talbots"
Another cracking book from the author! The second installment of the Zombie Fallout series sees the Talbot family and friends escape from Little Turtle, only to find more death and destruction everywhere they go. As they begin their life 'on the run', the characters unfold. You learn more about Mike's life 'pre-zombie' (the MacDonalds anecdote is rather entertaining). And Justin's character takes an interesting, sinister turn: Unsettling to say the least!
For such a gruesome storyline, Mark Tufo's series is a right little rib-ticker! I mainly listen to fantasy and post-apolalyse books so I don't often come across humour. And I certainly wouldn't have thought a gory zombie storyline would be the one that had me chuckling here and there.
Having said that, for the faint hearted - a warning: This book is definitely full of blood and guts. Moreso than the other zombie stories I've read / listened to. Let's just say that it's probably not what I would choose to listen to lull me off to sleep if I wanted a nice, calming, nightmare-free slumber. ;0)
What you do get though, is another great roller-coaster of a ride. Like the first book, I was never bored at any point. The characters are great - especially the loveable Tommy with his pop tarts, and the 'gassy' dog, Henry.
This book gets a big thumbs up from me. I really love Mark Tufo's witty writing and he certainly knows how to keep the pace up. I, for one, look forward to listening to the next book in the series. If you haven't read book one first, do yourself a favour and read that one first - it will make the book that much more enjoyable (and explain a few things too)!
"Get it, it's worth it!!"
Great zombie tale!!!!! Best zombie story I've read/listened to in a long time.
Fantastic book loved it.
"Brilliant zombie series!"
My husband and I love the Zombie Fallout series. Tufo's take on a zombie apocalypse is brilliant, witty and very well thought out. Mike Talbot returns via his second diary, and you will be hooked very quickly!
I love the imagination of Mark Tufo this series is great I would highly recommend the Zombie Fallout series of books if you like Zombies, Vampires and great Characters.
"Great zombie book"
Great paced book, always something new just around the corner. Humour is well placed. The book is as good as the first.
"I cant get enough ZF"
sarcastic, funny and scary
The only other books I've read that are like this are all Mark Tufo books because he has a unique sense of humor
Mike because hes got to be the most down to earth hero I've ever seen in a book. Plus hes always putting his foot in it just like me
I cant really remember it was all quite good
loved it just as much as the first and cant wait for more , Thanks
hmm there is plenty to pick from but Durgan turning up "spoiler alert" was not expected , I thought it would be the rapist he shot
Yes Both , lol and sigh for them and smile for them when they actually got a break for once
cant wait for book 3
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copy linen tee
by ACNE STUDIOS
Acne (Ambition to Create Novel Expression) is a creative collective founded in Stockholm, Sweden in 1996. The collective became established as a clothing line in 1997, when co-founder Jonny Johansson created 100 pairs of jeans in raw denim with red stitching and distributed them to friends throughout Stockholm. These novel jeans became the foundation of the brand and lead to the launch of Acne Studios' first full collection in 1998. The concept behind the line is a tone of subtle luxury in understated styles feeling as though they were borrowed from another person's wardrobe. Each piece in the collection is simplistic yet stands out on its own while pairing easily with others.
Back To Product View All From This DesignerWomen's Size Chart
Product Details
Lightweight, soft linen tee with a slub texture. Slightly relaxed fit with short cap sleeves and wide round neckline.
• 100% linen
• dry clean only
• imported
• model wears size Small
• model's height: 5'10", bust: 32", waist: 24", hip: 34"
In this look: Acne Studios Skin 5 Jean Black Denim


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The sin-offering of ignorance for the priest. (1-12) For the whole congregation. (13-21) For a ruler. (22-26) For any of the people. (27-35)
Verses 1-12 Burnt-offerings, meat-offerings, and peace-offerings, had been offered before the giving of the law upon mount Sinai; and in these the patriarchs had respect to sin, to make atonement for it. But the Jews were now put into a way of making atonement for sin, more particularly by sacrifice, as a shadow of good things to come; yet the substance is Christ, and that one offering of himself, by which he put away sin. The sins for which the sin-offerings were appointed are supposed to be open acts. They are supposed to be sins of commission, things which ought not to have been done. Omissions are sins, and must come into judgment: yet what had been omitted at one time, might be done at another; but a sin committed was past recall. They are supposed to be sins committed through ignorance. The law begins with the case of the anointed priest. It is evident that God never had any infallible priest in his church upon earth, when even the high priest was liable to fall into sins of ignorance. All pretensions to act without error are sure marks of Antichrist. The beast was to be carried without the camp, and there burned to ashes. This was a sign of the duty of repentance, which is the putting away sin as a detestable thing, which our soul hates. The sin-offering is called sin. What they did to that, we must do to our sins; the body of sin must be destroyed, ( Romans 6:6 ) . The apostle applies the carrying this sacrifice without the camp to Christ, ( Hebrews 13:11-13 ) .
Verses 13-21 If the leaders of the people, through mistake, caused them to err, an offering must be brought, that wrath might not come upon the whole congregation. When sacrifices were offered, the persons, on whose behalf they were devoted, were to lay their hands on the heads of the victims, and to confess their sins. The elders were to do so, when the sacrifices were offered for the whole congregation. The load of sin was supposed then to be borne by the guiltless animal. When the offering is completed, it is said, atonement is made, and the sin shall be forgiven. The saving of churches and kingdoms from ruin, is owing to the satisfaction and mediation of Christ.
Verses 22-26 Those who have power to call others to account, are themselves accountable to the Ruler of rulers. The sin of the ruler, committed through ignorance, must come to his knowledge, either by the check of his own conscience, or by the reproof of his friends; both which even the best and greatest, not only should submit to, but be thankful for. That which I see not, teach thou me, and, Show me wherein I have erred, are prayers we should put up to God every day; that if, through ignorance, we fall into sin, we may not through ignorance abide in it.
Verses 27-35 Here is the law of the sin-offering for a common person. To be able to plead, when charged with sin, that we did it ignorantly, and through the surprise of temptation, will not bring us off, if we have no interest in that great plea, Christ hath died. The sins of ignorance committed by a common person, needed a sacrifice; the greatest are not above, the meanest are not below Divine justice. None, if offenders, were overlooked. Here rich and poor meet together; they are alike sinners, and welcome to Christ. From all these laws concerning the sin-offerings, we may learn to hate sin, and to watch against it; and to value Christ, the great and true Sin-offering, whose blood cleanses from all sin, which it was not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away. For us to err, with the Bible in our hands, is the effect of pride, sloth, and carelessness. We need to use frequent self-examination, with serious study of the Scriptures, and earnest prayer for the convincing influences of God the Holy Spirit; that we may detect our sins of ignorance, repent, and obtain forgiveness through the blood of Christ.
Leviticus 4:1 Leviticus 4:2 . SIN OFFERING OF IGNORANCE.
2. If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any of the commandments of the Lord--a soul--an individual. All sins may be considered, in a certain sense, as committed "through ignorance," error, or misapprehension of one's true interests. The sins, however, referred to in this law were unintentional violations of the ceremonial laws,--breaches made through haste, or inadvertency of some negative precepts, which, if done knowingly and wilfully, would have involved a capital punishment.
do against any of them--To bring out the meaning, it is necessary to supply, "he shall bring a sin offering."
Leviticus 4:3-35 . SIN OFFERING FOR THE PRIEST.
3. If the priest that is anointed do sin--that is, the high priest, in whom, considering his character as typical mediator, and his exalted office, the people had the deepest interest; and whose transgression of any part of the divine law, therefore, whether done unconsciously or heedlessly, was a very serious offense, both as regarded himself individually, and the influence of his example. He is the person principally meant, though the common order of the priesthood was included.
according to the sin of the people--that is, bring guilt on the people. He was to take a young bullock (the age and sex being expressly mentioned), and having killed it according to the form prescribed for the burnt offerings, he was to take it into the holy place and sprinkle the atoning blood seven times before the veil, and tip with the crimson fluid the horns of the golden altar of incense, on his way to the court of the priests,--a solemn ceremonial appointed only for very grave and heinous offenses, and which betokened that his sin, though done in ignorance, had vitiated all his services; nor could any official duty he engaged in be beneficial either to himself or the people, unless it were atoned for by blood.
11. the skin of the bullock, and all his flesh--In ordinary circumstances, these were perquisites of the priests. But in the expiation necessary for a sin of the high priest, after the fat of the sacrifice was offered on the altar, the carcass was carried without the camp ( Leviticus 4:12 ), in order that the total combustion of it in the place of ashes might the more strikingly indicate the enormity of the transgression, and the horror with which he regarded it (compare Hebrews 13:12 Hebrews 13:13 ).
13-21. if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance--In consequence of some culpable neglect or misapprehension of the law, the people might contract national guilt, and then national expiation was necessary. The same sacrifice was to be offered as in the former case, but with this difference in the ceremonial, that the elders or heads of the tribes, as representing the people and being the principal aggressors in misleading the congregation, laid their hands on the head of the victim. The priest then took the blood into the holy place, where, after dipping his finger in it seven times, he sprinkled the drops seven times before the veil. This done, he returned to the court of the priests, and ascending the altar, put some portion upon its horns; then he poured it out at the foot of the altar. The fat was the only part of the animal which was offered on the altar; for the carcass, with its appurtenances and offals, was carried without the camp, into the place where the ashes were deposited, and there consumed with fire.
22-26. When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments--Whatever was the form of government, the king, judge, or subordinate, was the party concerned in this law. The trespass of such a civil functionary being less serious in its character and consequences than that either of the high priest or the congregation, a sin offering of inferior value was required--"a kid of the goats"; and neither was the blood carried into the sanctuary, but applied only to the altar of burnt offering; nor was the carcass taken without the camp; it was eaten by the priests-in-waiting.
27-34. if any one of the common people sin through ignorance--In this case the expiatory offering appointed was a female kid, or a ewe-lamb without blemish; and the ceremonies were exactly the same as those observed in the case of the offending ruler [ Leviticus 4:22-26 ]. In these two latter instances, the blood of the sin offering was applied to the altar of burnt offering--the place where bloody sacrifices were appointed to be immolated. But the transgression of a high priest, or of the whole congregation, entailing a general taint on the ritual of the tabernacle, and vitiating its services, required a further expiation; and therefore, in these cases, the blood of the sin offering was applied to the altar of incense [ Leviticus 4:6 Leviticus 4:17 ].
35. it shall be forgiven him--None of these sacrifices possessed any intrinsic value sufficient to free the conscience of the sinner from the pollution of guilt, or to obtain his pardon from God; but they gave a formal deliverance from a secular penalty ( Hebrews 9:13 Hebrews 9:14 ); and they were figurative representations of the full and perfect sin offering which was to be made by Christ.


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Collymore made it clear during his post-match TalkSport show that he was disgusted with Carroll's laughable attempt to con the referee:
Collymore was equally scathing about James Perch's disgraceful play-acting after the Pepe Reina's attempted headbutt:
Collymore vented his frustration on Twitter, arguing that both Carroll and James Perch should be punished. He tweeted:
"Not many suggesting punishments for diving, so is it now with us for good? I say give Carroll/Perch three game bans. They won't do it again"
I totally agree with this. Currently, there is absolutely no incentive for players not to dive; 99% of the time, they get away with it, and even when the dive is as blatant as Carroll's, managers implicitly condone the behaviour by doing absolutely nothing about it.
Kenny Dalglish is guilty of this; after the Newcastle game, he disputed that Carroll dived, and argued that he'd merely 'stumbled' in the box. That excuse is almost as embarrassing as the dive itself.
Perch's dive was just as bad as Carroll's, and although Reina deserved to be sent off for the intent, he can perhaps feel a little aggrieved at the obvious play-acting that caught the referee's attention.
Liverpool's players were furious with Perch, and after the game, they showed their support for Reina in typical LFC fashion:
Image credit: cubistTOON
Jaimie Kanwar
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Movement of Central American pineapple imports through West Coast markets was slowed by an eight-day strike of clerical workers in late November at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, Calif., according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
For mangoes, all eyes were on Peru as December started. Central American production won't begin until March when Costa Rica and Nicaragua come in, followed by Guatemala in April.
"What everybody's watching is how much Peru will get out," Jessie Capote, partner in Miami-based J&C Tropicals, said Nov. 27.
"We know it will start early, we just don't know how fast."
Larry Nienkerk, partner in Burlingame, Calif.-based Splendid Products, said Peru's increase on mango volume could be as much as 20%. His packing operations there started the week of Dec. 3. The Peru deal goes to early April.
Southern Specialties, Pompano Beach, offers seasonal 1- and 2-pound packages of its french beans through Christmas or New Year, depending on the retailer.
"It features a ribbon and holiday callout, a little something to remind people that french beans are perfect for holiday dinners," said Charlie Eagle, vice president of business development.
At the Produce Marketing Association's Fresh Summit 2012 in October in Anaheim, Calif., the company also introduced zippered, handled pouches for its Southern Selects sugar snap peas, french beans and brussels sprouts.
The beans are sourced in Guatemala and Baja California, Mexico. In Guatemala, sugar snap peas grow December to June.
"This year we have grown and imported more french beans than any year in the past," Eagle said.
All crops benefited from favorable weather as winter started, he said, including fruits such as berries and limes.
Fresh Quest is in the second year of a partnership with Rosemont Farms on french beans and sugar snap peas out of Guatemala.
"It's a value-added product, trimmed and prepacked in modified atmosphere packaging, distributed under the Rosemont label," Guttmann said.
"We special pack it for them. It's not a lot of volume, a couple loads a week. But one container's worth of value-added is a potential equivalent to four loads of melons."
J&C Tropicals' main imports from Central America and the Caribbean are roots, including taro, yucca and Jamaican yellow yams. Capote expected good supplies for Hispanic and other shoppers this winter.
"It's already starting to trickle in at higher volumes from now to Dec. 18," Capote said.
"Then it will get very heavy in January and February."
His company also does squash, including chayote out of Costa Rica.


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(08-28-2012 01:18 PM)zubaltec Wrote: How long will it be down for? Thanks, John
(08-28-2012 05:04 PM)nolan5000 Wrote: It has been down for years. They are developing a new one.
(08-29-2012 09:56 PM)zubaltec Wrote: It work last month.
(09-06-2012 12:13 PM)roosterwn Wrote: Down for years...developing a new one... Bottom line is there is no reason or excuse Beckett can have for this very undue delay for getting the Registry up. Any developer can get something up and running pretty quickly especially when they have a decent template to start from. Beckett continues to show that they do not ultimately care about Registry users aka Beckett customers. That's fine - call it what it is and stop stringing us along. It's way beyond ridiculous at this point. In an era and business where customer service is king Beckett has proven it has not understood this.
(09-07-2012 03:56 PM)roosterwn Wrote: You're a great guy and Beckett apologist, Nolan, but even if what you say is true it is not a valid excuse or reason for their incompetence and neglect of a very fervent segment of their business.
(09-11-2012 07:50 PM)cardariffic Wrote: TRUE DAT! The real problem is that there are so few of us who are actually speaking up and saying anything...you see how many people have read the postings in these threads and then you see how many people have actually commented. To Beckett this must look like it is the collectors who do not care. If everyone did care there would be huge outrage and comment after comment written complaining about this problem. Ive gone all the way back in this section and others and can really only find a handful of people who voice their opinions on this subject. Its sad but true, the majority of collectors don't seem to care much. As long as the population report is working thats all that most care about. Even so, there are enough of us that care about the registry part and want a better one. That ought to be enough to get it done, especially when it really wont cost them much money to do it. I wish more people would speak up and voice their dislike...then it would get done.
(09-14-2012 10:46 AM)lane2800 Wrote: the problem is they continue to delete and block posters who speak their mind too much.


text:
Lexmark C925de
Color Laser
Intuitive Color Touch Screen
The 4.3-inch color touch screen allows you to operate your printer with ease and confidence through smart and intuitive navigation, easy access to workflow solutions and shortcuts, and the ability to preview your documents and print jobs at the device.
Affordable A3 Color Printing
Vibrant, professional-quality output on a wide variety of media for more color printing in-house. Supports media up to 11.7 x 48 inches.
Load Multiple Media types
150-sheet and 250-sheet input trays and a multipurpose feeder come standard, allowing you to load three media types.
Robust connectivity makes it easy to integrate into most network environments.
Lexmark Solutions
Reduce unnecessary printing and simplify work processes through solution applications preloaded on your device. Choose additional Lexmark solutions to fit your unique workflow needs.
Advanced Security
Protect your device, data and network with innovative security controls, like authentication and authorisation, and an optional hard disk with disk wiping and encryption.
Warranty Information
In the Box
- Lexmark C925de color printer
- Up to 8,500*-page black toner cartridges
- Up to 7,500*-page color (CMY) toner cartridges
- Black, cyan, magenta,and yellow Imaging units
- Software and Documentation CD
- Power cord(s)
- Setup Guides (network and local attachment)
- Statement of limited warranty / guarantee
- Lexmark Cartridge Collection Program information
*Average continuous black or continuous composite CMY declared cartridge yield up to this number of standard pages in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798.
Ethernet, USB or parallel cable not included.
Box contents may vary by country and/or reseller. Subject to change without notice.
Tech Specs
Size (mm - H x W x D)
420 x 622 x 557 mm
Packaged Size (mm - H x W x D)
1192 x 680 x 749 mm
Weight, (kg)
48.3 kg
Product Warranty
1-Year Onsite Service, Next Business Day
Packaged Weight, kg
91.5 kg
UNSPSC Code
Size, Trays Extended (mm - H x W x D)
420 x 864 x 938 mm
Product Certifications
CAN/CSA-C22.2 60950-1-07, ICES-003 Class A, US FDA, BSMI Class A, CNS 13438, VCCI Class A, FCC Class A, UL 60950-1, EN/IEC 60320-1, NOM-019-SCFI-1998, CE Class A, CB IEC 60950-1, EN 60950-1, EN/IEC 61000-3, EN 55022 Class A, EN 55024, GS (TÜV), SAT, SABS, ZIK, KPSIM, Bel GISS, GOST-R 'Cpt' Mark, N Mark, UL AR, CS, TÜV Rh, ACMA A-tick mark Class A, AS/NZS 60950-1, CCC Class A, CISPIR 22 Class A, MIC Mark, EK-K60950, PSB
Specified Operating Environment
Temperature: 10 to 32°C (50 to 90°F), Humidity: 20 to 80% Relative Humidity, Altitude: 0 - 2300 Meters (7,545 Feet)
Country of Origin
China (PR)
Average Power (Printing)
600 watts
Lexmark and Lexmark with the diamond design are trademarks of Lexmark International, Inc., registered in the United States and/or other countries., All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners., ENERGY STAR® is a U.S. registered mark., Information in this document is subject to change without notice., PANTONE® is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc., This product features Adobe® Flash® technology. For further information, visit http://www.adobe.com/software/flash/about/, AirPrint and the AirPrint logo are trademarks of Apple Inc.
Lexmark e-Task 4.3-inch (10.9 cm) color touch screen
ENERGY STAR Typical Electricity Consumption (TEC)
5.705 kilowatt-hours per week
Part Number
Touch Screen Display
Ethernet Network
Direct USB
Average Power (Sleep Mode)
12 watts
A3 / 11 x 17
Workgroup Size
Medium-Large Workgroup
Average Power (Hibernate Mode)
3 watts
Print Technology
Color LED
Print Resolution, Black
1200 Image Quality, 600 x 600 dpi
Print Resolution, Color
1200 Image Quality, 600 x 600 dpi
Print Speed (Letter, Black): Up to
30 ppm
Print Speed (A4, Black): Up to
31 ppm
Print Speed (Letter, Color): Up to
30 ppm
Print Speed (A4, Color): Up to
31 ppm
Print Speed (Letter, Black) Duplex: Up to
26 spm
Print Speed (A4, Black) Duplex: Up to
26 spm
Time to First Page (Black) As fast as
9 seconds
800 MHz
Memory, Standard
Memory, Maximum
Printable Area (metric)
5 mm of the top, bottom, right and left edges (within)
Noise Level, Idle
39 dBA
Noise Level (Print), Operating
53 dBA
Time to First Page (Color) As fast as
11 seconds
Duplex Print Noise Level, Operating
55 dBA
Hard Disk
Option available
Maximum Monthly Duty Cycle: Up to
200000 pages per month
Recommended Monthly Page Volume
2500 - 10000 pages
Duty Cycle Notes
"Recommended Monthly Page Volume" is a range of pages that helps customers evaluate Lexmark's product offerings based on the average number of pages customers plan to print on the device each month. Lexmark recommends that the number of pages per month be within the stated range for optimum device performance, based on factors including: supplies replacement intervals, paper loading intervals, speed, and typical customer usage., "Maximum Monthly Duty Cycle" is defined as the maximum number of pages a device could deliver in a month using a multishift operation. This metric provides a comparison of robustness in relation to other Lexmark printers and MFPs.
Paper Handling Standard
150-Sheet Input Tray, 250-Sheet Output Bin, Integrated Duplex, 250-Sheet Input Tray, 50-Sheet Multipurpose Feeder
Paper Handling Optional
550-Sheet Drawer
Paper Input Capacity, Standard: Up to
450 pages 20 lb or 75 gsm bond
Paper Input Capacity, Maximum: Up to
2100 pages 20 lb or 75 gsm bond
Paper Output Capacity, Standard: Up to
250 pages 20 lb or 75 gsm bond
Paper Output Capacity, Maximum: Up to
250 pages 20 lb or 75 gsm bond
Finishing Option
Media Sizes Supported
10 Envelope, 7 3/4 Envelope, 9 Envelope, A3, A4, A5, B5 Envelope, C5 Envelope, DL Envelope, Executive, Folio, JIS-B4, JIS-B5, Ledger, Legal, Letter, Statement, Universal, Oficio, A6
Media Types Supported
Card Stock, Envelopes, Labels, Plain Paper, Transparencies, Refer to the Card Stock & Label Guide.
Paper Weight Range Supported - Standard Tray (gsm)
60 - 128 gsm
Number of Paper Inputs, Standard
Number of Paper Inputs, Maximum
Duplex (2-sided) Printing
Integrated Duplex
Supplies Yield
*Average continuous black or continuous composite CMY declared cartridge yield up to this number of standard pages in accordance with ISO/IEC 19798., 7,500*-page Color (CMY) High Yield Toner Cartridges, 8,500*-page Black High Yield Toner Cartridge
Cartridge(s) Shipping with Product
7,500*-page Color (CMY) High Yield Toner Cartridges, 8,500*-page Black High Yield Toner Cartridge
Photoconductor Notes
Actual Yield may vary based on other factors such as device speed, paper size and feed orientation, toner coverage, tray source, percentage of black-only printing and average print job complexity.
Imaging Unit Estimated Yield: Up to
30,000 pages, based on 3 average letter/A4-size pages per print job and ~ 5% coverage
Apple Macintosh Operating Systems Supported
Apple Mac OS X (10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9)
Microsoft Windows Operating Systems Supported
Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows XP, Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows XP x64, Microsoft Windows Server 2003 x64, Microsoft Windows Vista, Microsoft Windows Vista x64, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Microsoft Windows Server 2008 x64, Microsoft Windows 7, Microsoft Windows 7 x64, Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2, Microsoft Windows 8, Microsoft Windows 8 x64, Microsoft Windows Server 2012, Microsoft Windows 8.1, Microsoft Windows 8.1 x64, Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2, Microsoft Windows RT, Microsoft Windows RT 8.1
Novell Operating Systems Supported
Novell NetWare 6.5 Open Enterprise Server, Novell NetWare 5.1(SP 6+), 6.0(SP 3+) with Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS), Novell Open Enterprise Server on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Linux Operating Systems Supported
Linspire Linux 6.0, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10, 11, SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 10, 11, Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 4.0, 5.0, Red Flag Linux Desktop 6.0, Linpus Linux Desktop 9.6, Ubuntu 9.04, 9.10, 10.04, 10.10, Debian GNU/Linux 5.0, 6.0, Ubuntu 11.04, 11.10, 12.04, 12.10, openSUSE 11.3, 11.4, 12.1, 12.2, Fedora 14, 15, 16, 17, Mint 10, 11, 12, 13
UNIX Operating Systems Supported
Sun Solaris x86 10, Sun Solaris SPARC 9, 10, HP-UX 11.11, 11.23, 11.31, Sun openSolaris SPARC 2010.02, Sun openSolaris X86 2010.02, IBM AIX 5.3, 6.1, 7.1
Citrix MetaFrame
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 running Terminal Services with Citrix Presentation Server 3.0, 4.0, 4.5, Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and 2003 X64 Edition with Citrix XenApp 5.0, Microsoft Windows Server 2008 and 2008 X64 Edition with Citrix XenApp 5.0
Standard Ports
USB 2.0 Specification Hi-Speed Certified (Type B), Front USB 2.0 Specification Hi-Speed Certified port (Type A), Ethernet 10/100/1000 BaseTX (RJ-45)
Optional Local Ports
Internal RS-232C serial, Internal 1284-B Bidirectional Parallel
Optional Network Ports
External MarkNet™ N7020e Gigabit Ethernet, Internal MarkNet™ N8120 Gigabit Ethernet, Internal MarkNet™ N8130 Fiber Fast Ethernet, Internal MarkNet™ N8250 802.11b/g/n Wireless
Printer Languages (Standard)
PCL 5c Emulation, PCL 6 Emulation, Personal Printer Data Stream (PPDS), PostScript 3 Emulation, xHTML, PDF 1.6 emulation, Direct Image, Microsoft XPS (XML Paper Specification), AirPrint™
Fonts and Symbol Sets
3 of 9 scalable PCL 5e fonts in Narrow, Regular and Wide, 158 scalable PostScript fonts, 2 PCL bitmap fonts, 39 scalable PPDS fonts, 5 PPDS bitmap fonts, 84 scalable PCL fonts, OCR-A, OCR-B scalable PCL 5e fonts, For more information, refer to the Technical Reference.
Network Protocol Support
TCP/IP IPv4, AppleTalk™, TCP/IP IPv6, TCP, UDP
Network Printing Methods
LPR/LPD, Direct IP (Port 9100), HTTP, NDS Queue-based Printing, NDPS/NEPS (Novell Distributed Print Services, Novell Netware Enterprise Print Services), Enhanced IP (Port 9400), FTP, TFTP, IPP 1.1 (Internet Printing Protocol), ThinPrint .print integration
Network Security
SNMPv3, 802.1x Authentication: MD5, MSCHAPv2, LEAP, PEAP, TLS, TTLS, IPSec
Network Management Protocols
HTTP, HTTPs (SSL*/TLS), SNMPv3, WINS, IGMP, BOOTP, RARP, APIPA (AutoIP), DHCP, ICMP, DNS, SNMPv2c, Bonjour, DDNS, mDNS, ARP, NTP, Telnet, Finger, *This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit.
Included with Hardware
Lexmark Forms and Favorites
Create bookmarks to image-based forms that reside on a server anywhere on the Internet and print the images on demand at any time.
Lexmark Eco Settings
With the Lexmark Eco Settings, choose from multiple settings to help reduce energy, paper and toner consumption. Utilizing these settings can help reduce the environmental impact of your printer.
Lexmark Change Background
Allows a user to enable a custom background on the e-Task display.


text:
Aired: 06/11/2013 | Views: 2,835 | Comment
Hosts Teddy Wilson and Norm Sousa discover why driving with open gasoline containers in the back of the car is a no-no. Also: how to keep a barbecue lit in the rain, how to cook with a dishwasher, why parents don't want you jumping on... (20:29)
Hosts Norm Sousa and Teddy Wilson add an explosive twist to the sport of skeet shooting, try to invent a faster way to paint a room and in their final experiment of the season, learn why you should never, ever introduce a spark when you smell a gas leak in the house.
Aired: 07/9/2013
Hosts Norm Sousa and Teddy Wilson attempt to build an in-ground hot tub with explosives, use glow sticks to try and create the world's biggest night light and attempt to remove an entire exterior wall of the house. They also learn why piñatas can be destructive and find out why knocking over a propane tank without a regulator should be avoided at all costs.
Aired: 07/23/2013
Hosts Teddy Wilson & Norm Sousa invent a dangerous new way to cook using cooking spray, try out destructive new ways to win a food fight & find a very messy new way to whip cream. Also: why you should never, ever mix water and hot oil.
Aired: 07/23/2013
Hosts Norm Sousa and Teddy Wilson try gardening with explosives, build a DIY home alarm and discover that the fastest way to move a piano isn't necessarily the best. Also in this episode: A fiery twist is added to the sport of indoor bowling and Appliance Death Match concludes with a thrilling three-way final.
Aired: 07/2/2013
Hosts Teddy Wilson and Norm Sousa learn why overinflating tires isn't wise, experiment – again – using explosives for a home reno project and attempt to move furniture with dry ice. Also in this episode: Is beer flowing from the faucets really possible? And how much damage could a bathroom flood really cause?
Aired: 07/2/2013
Host Norm Sousa and Teddy Wilson find out why explosives are rarely used in cooking or interior design. Round three of Appliance Death Match pits Waffle Maker against Rice Cooker and a full-size remote control car puts Norm in the back seat with Teddy at the wheel.
Aired: 06/11/2013
Hosts Teddy Wilson and Norm Sousa discover why driving with open gasoline containers in the back of the car is a no-no. Also: how to keep a barbecue lit in the rain, how to cook with a dishwasher, why parents don't want you jumping on the bed and why overfilling your waterbed is a bad idea.
Aired: 06/11/2013
Hosts Norm Sousa and Teddy Wilson play with fire – first in a race to light a fuse without a match, then trying to light candles from across the living room. They also try adding heavy objects to a washing machine's spin cycle, study the effects of indoor motocross and find out why firefighters are really scared of oxygen fires
Aired: 06/18/2013 Available until: 07/3/2018
Rainy day boredom inspires hosts Teddy Wilson and Norm Sousa to try indoor target practice with a crossbow and indoor grilling with a charcoal barbecue. They also experiment with converting the hot water heater into a coffee maker and discover why propane-filled balloons aren't as fun as they sound.
Aired: 06/18/2013 Available until: 07/3/2018
Hosts Norm Sousa and Teddy Wilson try heating a bottle of champagne in the microwave, use chemistry to add a sunroof to Teddy's car and wager on which is the more crafty vermin: indoor mice or outdoor raccoons? A lawnmower is put to bad use indoors in the segment Home Renos with Teddy, and Norm treats his co-host to a meal made entirely in the laundry room in Cooking with Norm.
Aired: 06/4/2013 Available until: 06/18/2018
Hosts Teddy Wilson and Norm Sousa experiment with rockets to speed up the slow process of drying laundry, try cooking with space heaters, play indoor golf and demonstrate why deep-frying frozen foods is a bad idea. Also in this episode: Round one of Appliance Death Match: Toaster vs. Popcorn Maker.
Aired: 06/4/2013 Available until: 06/18/2018
Wilson and Sousa ignore the "never play with your food" warning and test which foods are most flammable. Then they move on to test other warnings, including: "never play baseball indoors," "never cook eggs in their shell in the microwave," and the biggie "never play with electricity." They also demonstrate why making illegal moonshine is so dangerous.
Aired: 05/21/2013 Available until: 11/26/2018
Wilson and Sousa test common household warnings by doing exactly what each warning says not to do. They survive the series premiere despite setting off fireworks indoors, building and using a walk-in microwave oven, heating canned goods directly on the stove, and tossing a propane-filled cooking canister into a fire.
Aired: 05/29/2013 Available until: 05/29/2018


text:
Jeremiah complains of the prosperity of the wicked. (1-6) The heavy judgments to come upon the nation. (7-13) Divine mercy to them, and even to the nations around. (14-17)
Verses 1-6 When we are most in the dark concerning God's dispensations, we must keep up right thoughts of God, believing that he never did the least wrong to any of his creatures. When we find it hard to understand any of his dealings with us, or others, we must look to general truths as our first principles, and abide by them: the Lord is righteous. The God with whom we have to do, knows how our hearts are toward him. He knows both the guile of the hypocrite and the sincerity of the upright. Divine judgments would pull the wicked out of their pasture as sheep for the slaughter. This fruitful land was turned into barrenness for the wickedness of those that dwelt therein. The Lord reproved the prophet. The opposition of the men of Anathoth was not so formidable as what he must expect from the rulers of Judah. Our grief that there should be so much evil is often mixed with peevishness on account of the trials it occasions us. And in this our favoured day, and under our trifling difficulties, let us consider how we should behave, if called to sufferings like those of saints in former ages.
Verses 7-13 God's people had been the dearly-beloved of his soul, precious in his sight, but they acted so, that he gave them up to their enemies. Many professing churches become like speckled birds, presenting a mixture of religion and the world, with its vain fashions, pursuits, and pollutions. God's people are as men wondered at, as a speckled bird; but this people had by their own folly made themselves so; and the beasts and birds are called to prey upon them. The whole land would be made desolate. But until the judgments were actually inflicted, none of the people would lay the warning to heart. When God's hand is lifted up, and men will not see, they shall be made to feel. Silver and gold shall not profit in the day of the Lord's anger. And the efforts of sinners to escape misery, without repentance and works answerable thereto, will end in confusion.
Verses 14-17 The Lord would plead the cause of his people against their evil neighbours. Yet he would afterwards show mercy to those nations, when they should learn true religion. This seems to look forward to the times when the fulness of the Gentiles shall come in. Those who would have their lot with God's people, and a last end like theirs, must learn their ways, and walk in them.
Jeremiah 12:1-17 . CONTINUATION OF THE SUBJECT AT THE CLOSE OF THE ELEVENTH CHAPTER.
He ventures to expostulate with Jehovah as to the prosperity of the wicked, who had plotted against his life ( Jeremiah 12:1-4 ); in reply he is told that he will have worse to endure, and that from his own relatives ( Jeremiah 12:5 Jeremiah 12:6 ). The heaviest judgments, however, would be inflicted on the faithless people ( Jeremiah 12:7-13 ); and then on the nations co-operating with the Chaldeans against Judah, with, however, a promise of mercy on repentance ( Jeremiah 12:14-17 ).
1. ( Psalms 51:4 ).
let me talk, &c.--only let me reason the case with Thee: inquire of Thee the causes why such wicked men as these plotters against my life prosper (compare Job 12:6 , 21:7 , Psalms 37:1 Psalms 37:35 , 73:3 , Malachi 3:15 ). It is right, when hard thoughts of God's providence suggest themselves, to fortify our minds by justifying God beforehand (as did Jeremiah), even before we hear the reasons of His dealings.
2. grow--literally "go on," "progress." Thou givest them sure dwellings and increasing prosperity.
near in . . . mouth . . . far from . . . reins--( Isaiah 29:13 , Matthew 15:8 ). Hypocrites.
3. knowest me--( Psalms 139:1 ).
tried . . . heart--( Jeremiah 11:20 ).
toward thee--rather, "with Thee," that is, entirely devoted to Thee; contrasted with the hypocrites ( Jeremiah 12:2 ), "near in . . . mouth, and far from . . . reins." This being so, how is it that I fare so ill, they so well?
pull . . . out--containing the metaphor, from a "rooted tree" ( Jeremiah 12:2 ).
prepare--literally, "separate," or "set apart as devoted."
day of slaughter--( James 5:5 ).
4. land mourn--personification ( Jeremiah 14:2 , 23:10 ).
for the wickedness--( Psalms 107:34 ).
beasts--( Hosea 4:3 ).
He shall not see our last end--Jehovah knows not what is about to happen to us ( Jeremiah 5:12 ) [ROSENMULLER]. So the Septuagint. ( Psalms 10:11 , Ezekiel 8:12 , 9:9 ). Rather, "The prophet (Jeremiah, to whom the whole context refers) shall not see our last end." We need not trouble ourselves about his boding predictions. We shall not be destroyed as he says ( Jeremiah 5:12 Jeremiah 5:13 ).
5. Jehovah's reply to Jeremiah's complaint.
horses--that is, horsemen: the argument a fortiori. A proverbial phrase. The injuries done thee by the men of Anathoth ("the footmen") are small compared with those which the men of Jerusalem ("the horsemen") are about to inflict on thee. If the former weary thee out, how wilt thou contend with the king, the court, and the priests at Jerusalem?
wherein thou trustedst, they wearied thee--English Version thus fills up the sentence with the italicized words, to answer to the parallel clause in the first sentence of the verse. The parallelism is, however, sufficiently retained with a less ellipsis: "If (it is only) in a land of peace thou art confident" [MAURER].
swelling of Jordan--In harvest-time and earlier (April and May) it overflows its banks ( Joshua 3:15 ), and fills the valley called the Ghor. Or, "the pride of Jordan," namely, its wooded banks abounding in lions and other wild beasts ( Jeremiah 49:19 , 50:44 , Zechariah 11:3 ; compare 2 Kings 6:2 ). MAUNDRELL says that between the Sea of Tiberias and Lake Merom the banks are so wooded that the traveller cannot see the river at all without first passing through the woods. If in the campaign country (alone) thou art secure, how wilt thou do when thou fallest into the wooded haunts of wild beasts?
6. even thy brethren--as in Christ's case ( Psalms 69:8 , John 1:11 , 7:5 ; compare Jeremiah 9:4 , Jeremiah 11:19 Jeremiah 11:21 , Matthew 10:36 ). Godly faithfulness is sure to provoke the ungodly, even of one's own family.
called a multitude after thee--( Isaiah 31:4 ). JEROME translates, "cry after thee with a loud (literally, 'full') voice."
believe . . . not . . . though . . . speak fair--( Proverbs 26:25 ).
7. I have forsaken--Jehovah will forsake His temple and the people peculiarly His. The mention of God's close tie to them, as heretofore His, aggravates their ingratitude, and shows that their past spiritual privileges will not prevent God from punishing them.
beloved of my soul--image from a wife ( Jeremiah 11:15 , Isaiah 54:5 ).
8. is unto me--is become unto Me: behaves towards Me as a lion which roars against a man, so that he withdraws from the place where he hears it: so I withdrew from My people, once beloved, but now an object of abhorrence because of their rebellious cries against Me.
9. speckled bird--Many translate, "a ravenous beast, the hyena"; the corresponding Arabic word means hyena; so the Septuagint. But the Hebrew always elsewhere means "a bird of prey." The Hebrew for "speckled" is from a root "to color"; answering to the Jewish blending together with paganism the altogether diverse Mosaic ritual. The neighboring nations, birds of prey like herself (for she had sinfully assimilated herself to them), were ready to pounce upon her.
assemble . . . beasts of . . . field--The Chaldeans are told to gather the surrounding heathen peoples as allies against Judah ( Isaiah 56:9 , Ezekiel 34:5 ).
10. pastors--the Babylonian leaders (compare Jeremiah 12:12 , Jeremiah 6:3 ).
my vineyard--( Isaiah 5:1 Isaiah 5:5 ).
trodden my portion--( Isaiah 63:18 ).
11. mourneth unto me--that is, before Me. EICHORN translates, "by reason of Me," because I have given it to desolation ( Jeremiah 12:7 ).
because no man layeth it to heart--because none by repentance and prayer seek to deprecate God's wrath. Or, "yet none lays it to heart"; as in Jeremiah 5:3 [CALVIN].
12. high places--Before, He had threatened the plains; now, the hills.
wilderness--not an uninhabited desert, but high lands of pasturage, lying between Judea and Chaldea ( Jeremiah 4:11 ).
13. Description in detail of the devastation of the land ( Micah 6:15 ).
they shall be ashamed of your--The change of persons, in passing from indirect to direct address, is frequent in the prophets. Equivalent to, "Ye shall be put to the shame of disappointment at the smallness of your produce."
14-17. Prophecy as to the surrounding nations, the Syrians, Ammonites, &c., who helped forward Judah's calamity: they shall share her fall; and, on their conversion, they shall share with her in the future restoration. This is a brief anticipation of the predictions in the forty-seventh, forty-eighth, and forty-ninth chapters.
touch--( Zechariah 2:8 ).
pluck them out . . . pluck out . . . Judah--(Compare end of Jeremiah 12:16 ). During the thirteen years that the Babylonians besieged Tyre, Nebuchadnezzar, after subduing Coelo-Syria, brought Ammon, Moab, &c., and finally Egypt, into subjection [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 10:9.7]. On the restoration of these nations, they were to exchange places with the Jews. The latter were now in the midst of them, but on their restoration they were to be "in the midst of the Jews," that is, as proselytes to the true God (compare Micah 5:7 , Zechariah 14:16 ). "Pluck them," namely, the Gentile nations: in a bad sense. "Pluck Judah": in a good sense; used to express the force which was needed to snatch Judah from the tyranny of those nations by whom they had been made captives, or to whom they had fled; otherwise they never would have let Judah go. Previously he had been forbidden to pray for the mass of the Jewish people. But here he speaks consolation to the elect remnant among them. Whatever the Jews might be, God keeps His covenant.
15. A promise, applying to Judah, as well as to the nations specified ( Amos 9:14 ). As to Moab, compare Jeremiah 48:47 ; as to Ammon, Jeremiah 49:6 .
16. swear by my name--( Jeremiah 4:2 , Isaiah 19:18 , 65:16 ); that is, confess solemnly the true God.
built--be made spiritually and temporally prosperous: fixed in sure habitations (compare Jeremiah 24:6 , 42:10 , 45:4 , Psalms 87:4 Psalms 87:5 , Ephesians 2:20 Ephesians 2:21 , 1 Peter 2:5 ).
17. ( Isaiah 60:12 ).


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"Gothic Kitty" creator Holly Crawford has been sentenced to six months of house arrest for using a 14-gauge needle to pierce the ears, necks and tails of three kittens and then attempting to sell the maimed felines over the Internet. The 35-year-old Pennsylvania woman was further ordered to close her dog grooming business for at least two years. Despite opposition from concerned citizens, the judge ruled in favor of allowing Crawford to maintain guardianship over her other pets, including a dog, three cats and three snakes.
Crawford was initially charged after a tip led humane investigators and the state police to her home on December 17, 2008. Investigators found and seized three kittens wearing heavy piercing jewelry on their ears, necks and tails. At least one of the kittens had a thick elastic band wrapped around his tail to prevent blood flow, as a means of docking it.
Despite arguments that Crawford used sterile needles and surgical soap when piercing the kittens, a Luzerne County jury found her guilty of animal cruelty. Helping to seal the conviction was expert testimony from the ASPCA's leading forensics veterinarian, Dr. Melinda Merck, who testified that the kittens had been maimed and disfigured, had their hearing damaged, and could have died.
"I was very happy to work with the Luzerne County District Attorney's Office on this case of abuse," says Dr. Merck. "The idea of mutilating animals in such a way for profit is appalling, I am glad justice was served."
If you know of an animal who is being hurt, please report it. To report animal cruelty in New York City, call the ASPCA's tip line at (877) THE-ASPCA. Visit our Report Cruelty FAQ to learn how to report cruelty elsewhere.
bull dogs give birth without c section all the time. my next door neighbour breeds them. none of her dogs has ever had a c section.
you shouldn't have concerns about the judge shutting down her business because what dog owner in their right minds would trust her to groom their dog after this? she put herself out of business. People CHOOSE to pierce themselves, these kittens didn't have a choice. They also don't have the self contrtol to know when they risk hurting themselves by tearing out one of the piercings when they do what cats do, play......and I'm not that big fan of cats....and isn't it odd she didn't do it to her own pets??? obviously not or she wouldn't be allowed to keep them...
Communism? Pffft. Everyone knows the US is all Socialist.
I'm not sure that you understand what communism means...
No, this is extreme cruelty to an innocent conscious living creature that will have to endure a less than optimal living condition for the remainder of its life.
Even in a purely flippant use of the word, I can't possibly imagine how "Communism" comes into play here. Perhaps you should be more aware of the meaning of words before you use them. Or is that too communist a thing to ask of someone?
people pierce little baby girls ears all the time.... they cant talk. you people, YES YOU PEOPLE care more about animals than humans. How inhuman??? they are cats! uhh!


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Possible Delivery Service Interruption: Due to extreme weather in the northeast, delivery service may be temporarily suspended in these areas. Please visit the courier's website for more information: FedEx and UPS
Manufacturer and Part Number Substitution AYP/Poulan part number 160623 is now manufactured by Husqvarna as part number 532166222. While the new part may look different, this is a AYP/Poulan approved substitution. Please note that the price, availability, and description shown is for the new Husqvarna part number 532166222. |
Old Brand | AYP/Poulan |
Old Part Number | 160623 |
New Brand | Husqvarna |
New Part Number | 532166222 |
Condition | New |