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I'm starting to get worried about my posture working at my desk. I'm not conscientious enough to make this happen myself though - I just don't remember to keep good posture. I'm looking into buying a simple back/shoulder brace. Here is one that I've found that seems OK: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B005H3NKYI/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=ucmbread-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B005H3NKYI My question is: are there any recommendations for solving this problem? I'm looking for something that, if worn, I can wear without it being noticeable, and comfortable to wear for long periods of time (like an entire work day.) I'm open to other suggestions too - I know very little about ergonomics :) asked Jan 09 '12 at 19:26 diurnalist How do you know you have bad posture? Is it causing symptoms like back pain or RSI? If you feeling comfortable and can work without any pain or strain, I would argue you don't have to subscribe to someone else's idea of good posture. Assuming you work with a computer the best devices for good posture is an ergonomic chair, a desk/chair that is height adjusted so that you can sit right at the edge of the desk and rest your forearm flat on the desk surface and a keyboard right where you can rest your palms on. The chair that works really well for me is the Steelcase Think.
3 years ago
Thank you everyone for the thoughtful responses! @Wing: I don't know if my posture is notably bad, because I've never been evaluated by a specialist. Both parents have at times through my youth told me to stop slouching; I think it's fair to say that I slouch, and my 'comfort' position at my desk involves shifting my weight off-kilter and also slouching forward a bit. Just feel like it's probably not a good habit to have! Sometimes when I sit for a while I feel the need to crack my back, like there's "pressure" building up. Could be psychological though. Don't really have much to go on.
3 years ago
As a physical therapist, I recommend that you go see a physical therapist for a postural evaluation, training in how to set up your work station (including the right chair) so it is ergonomically suitable for YOU, and for teaching you exercises to strengthen your postural muscles, which include more than just your abdominals and core muscles. Each person is different. Each human body is different. I caution you to take blanket advice about this online. In 2-3 sessions with a P.T. you will be very knowledgable on how to correct your posture and prevent this from getting worse. I don't recommend a brace...especially advise against wearing a brace for a prolonged period of time....it might correct your posture while you have it on but it creates muscle disuse atrophy in your postural muscles...and you will be MUCH worse off in the long run as a result. linkanswered Jan 14 '12 at 16:50 Beth M Speaking first as a patient of a physical therapist, and secondly as an RN, I agree with Beth. I started going to a p.t. a month or so ago because I woke up "one day" with a pain in my neck that didn't go away. After just a few sessions with a p.t. and a p.t.a. (assistant), I'm feeling a lot better, and the exercises are making a huge difference.
3 years ago
It sounds like this is the most measured response to this problem that doesn't involve moving back in with the parents ;) Thanks to everyone who remarked about the potential fallacies of posture-supportive devices and pointing me towards a more 'fix the source, not the symptoms' solution.
3 years ago
The Alexander Technique was invented for this very reason. And as LG above said, it's a slow solution to a problem that took you a long time to have. Google it and find an instructor. You'll notice the difference in two hours. Worked for me! Seth linkanswered Jan 14 '12 at 09:52 sethgodin |
Pilates, Alexander Technique, Yoga, etc. can all be quite helpful. PT sessions can be good, but you must treat PT as a partnership/participatory activity instead of something done to you. I'm sure Bob Anderson's book is good, and I like Pete Egoscue's "Pain Free" books. You did nail one thing: the critical step is awareness. Moshe Feldenkrais figured this out about 50 years ago; he developed Awareness Through Movement lessons. I love the Feldenkrais ATM classes: each hour-long session plays like a little science project. I'm also quite fond of Eric Franklin's work and books. Franklin has created some of the best exercises plus imagery anywhere to restore our bodies to a state of fluidity/grace/pain-free. There is a huge linguistic component to healthy posture and movement; Franklin has done the best of modern instructors to address the linguistic component of body/mind work. @FranklinMethod puts out some great tweets on this topic: follow him. What's the right one? It depends. If you had a friend who you trusted who was an instructor of Body/Mind discipline XYZ, I would recommend doing that. The most important thing is what you bring to the table -- what you're willing to commit to do. And there's no rule you have to do only one body/mind discipline. Find what you love to do, and do it. Structural Integration is a fantastic thing to do, but it's a serious investment and you shouldn't commit to the 10-session (some schools are 12-session) series unless you're ready. I really like SI, and I really like the individuals who have become SI practitioners. They seem to march to a different drummer than most body/mind workers. Thomas Myers, who has his own SI school, wrote the fantastic essay "Spatial Medicine" (available here. In that essay, he describes a way of thinking about our health and what role "spatial medicine" plays in it. Some body/mind workers speak in a very "woo woo" fashion, but Myers speaks in a way that everyone -- including the geeks and engineers -- can understand and enjoy. The poster "Dead Ernest" was dead right: no widget will fix what ails you. What will address your concerns is a comprehensive whole-system approach to your posture and movement: a new mindfulness to bring to your posture and movement. It's not a thing; it's a way to approach everything. Finally, check out the essay The Great Unwinding by the late Dr. Marvin Solit. I don't agree with everything he says, but many of his words are tremendously satisfying to me. Marvin was a mathematician, an inventor of many cool toys and puzzles, and a body-mind worker. I consider myself quite lucky to have met him before he passed away. I apologize for the large answer. You have asked a vast question. It looks like a simple question, but it is not. Nature builds in whole systems; profound changes to whole systems must themselves be systematic. linkanswered Jan 15 '12 at 21:39 floatingbones |
I seem to recall a technique that was along the lines of a pen or stick you wore on/near your abdomen. The idea was that if you slouched, you felt the slouch in your stomach and corrected yourself by pain avoidance. A brace becomes a crutch you can never ditch. Slouching is really a deep abdominal muscle issue. -C linkanswered Jan 10 '12 at 16:23 Christopher |
Get a good chair and use your brain. Do self-checks and if you find that you're slouching, leaning or favoring one butt cheek over another, straighten up. linkanswered Jan 14 '12 at 11:42 tadaa |
A 65-cm stability ball like this one: http://www.bodybuilding.com/store/valeo/bodyball.html?MCID=CAMZ instead of a desk chair. You don't have to do a thing but sit on it. linkanswered Jan 15 '12 at 11:21 bookofjoe |
These Posture shirts by Evidence Based Apparel are supported by scientific research and evidence based testing. What is EBA® Evidence Based Apparel? www.eblife.com The simple crystalline concept of what EBA does better than anyone in the world is posture. Posture is us. Posture brings alignment, balance, and increased stamina. EBA has established patented, groundbreaking technologies for posture correction apparel that begin a new paradigm in wellness and injury prevention. Over six years of clinical experience and scientific research performed at multiple academic facilities, have shown that variable elastic bands (Neurobands), placed in a specific anatomic location, interact with muscles and the neurobiology to stimulate muscle activity. The research and clinical findings (evidence) validate a measurable therapeutic effect. This puts EBA in a category all on its own. EBA truly is evidence based and has been issued United States Patent Number 7,871,388 title POSTURE IMPROVEMENT DEVICE AND METHOD OF USE. What is EBA® Technology? EBA® posture improvement devices are built with state of the art materials that feature moisture wicking, anti-microbial, and biocompatible properties that meet the demands of advanced physical activity. EBA technology behind the solutions is based on the basic science principles of balance, form and function. EBA designs form fitting garments with variable tension bands called "Neurobands". Neurobands stimulate muscles and nerves to align the body's joints with each stride of the leg or movement of the hip, back, shoulder, chest and neck; in response the body uses less energy and reduced fatigue means less vulnerability to injury. EBA is anatomic apparel that backed with clinical findings from prestigious medical research institutions. EBA garments offer an alternative to individuals with concerns related to muscular, neurological, and postural strain, or to those who simply seek wellness solutions. The company is committed to understanding the interactions of multiple biological responses in the human body and to integrate them into apparel that is comfortable and attractive. The EBA posture shirts and S3-4 Spine Stabilization devices deliver posture improvement technology through a simple elegant platform championed by the medical professional, the physical therapist, the strength coach and mothers everywhere. Good posture helps prevent injuries, alleviates back and shoulder pain, maintains flexibility, and boosts athletic performance. The Alignmed EBA Posture Shirt uses biomechanical and proprioceptive technology supported by clinical research to immediately deliver touch tension forces triggering a physiological response improving posture. Improved posture increases alignment, balance and stamina. The key to all EBA gear is to listen to what your body is telling you both while you wear the product and after you take it off. What are Neurobands™? Neurobands™ are defined as dense, closely packed bundles of fibers positioned in a wavy pattern parallel to the direction of pull. Neurobands can have a variety of flexible and elastomeric properties. The elastomeric properties create duel-directional tension forces until the wavy pattern of fibers straighten out by the pulling force. The Neuroband design imitates collagen fibers contained within muscles, tendons, ligaments and the fascia connective tissues. Additionally, Neurobands are strategically placed within the EBA garments to have a snug fit and to have start and stop anchor points, that are relevant to ligaments and tendons that join one bone to another. In this way Neurobands help to transmit balanced movements from muscle to the bones and joints they are attached to or surrounded by. How does EBA® Technology Fit into Your Life? Over time, the aspects of modern life and aging can be as hard on the body as the challenges in sport. We are not designed for long periods of static, sedentary work. The body thrives on movement and variety. Mother Nature did not design our bodies for long periods of repetitive motions such as sitting or keyboard use. Work-related musculoskeletal repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) are the fastest growing category of work-related illness. Across North America, half of all workers' compensation claims are due to MSI, the most common being low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome; shoulder pain, and neck pain. It is estimated that over 50% of all RSIs can be prevented. Most work-related musculoskeletal injuries result through risk factors attributed to awkward postures. These risk factors arise from poorly designed workstations and equipment condition, but the biggest rise is due to the computer terminal and the physical stresses it places on joints, muscles, nerves, tendons, bones, general comfort and health. Especially in the hip area! We must respect many factors in the way we organize workstations. However, EBA is the first to recognize that the most important ergonomic workstation is the "Bio-ergonomic Workstation™" - Otherwise known as our very own body! This requires a paradigm shift in thought; EBA believes the best a critical ergonomic work tool is an EBA Posture Shirt and EBA G1 Tights™ and Footgear. EBA garment solutions stimulate muscles to joints balance while simultaneously allowing you to move easier without restriction, to do things more efficiently and less prone to injury. It doesn't matter if you are climbing the corporate ladder, shipping supplies, or sitting at a desk in front of a computer terminal; EBA solutions require only a form fitting garment that can be worn as outer or under clothing. Never has a work tool offered such an economic benefit. Who are Those Who Care? EBA clients and customers include world-renowned medical centers, professional sporting teams, soccer moms, and active retirees. We have input from over 20,000 individuals and 1400 physicians who have used and recommended EBA garments. These people represent a varied population that includes major universities, renowned medical clinics, physical therapists, strength coaches, computer users, surgeons, law enforcement, soccer moms, Air Force Academy, active retirees, and professional athletes from the NFL, MLB, NBA, NHL, Pro Tennis, MLS, etc... No one is exempt from the stress and strains of their environment. EBA customers are people who care about body preservation or find that the products are an amazing means to make themselves look good! Posture is your future, Stand up for health!! Check out our products and find out how you can improve your life with E.B.A. Posture Shirts at www.eblife.com linkanswered Oct 09 '12 at 11:00 |
I realize that you're looking for a quick and easy fix to a slow-developing but deep-seated problem, and I fear I don't have a simple device I can suggest. I did, however, find that Pilates exercises---classical Pilates, done in a well-equipped studio, with a well-trained instructor---made surprising differences. I had not realized how posture pervades everything: it's a full-body problem and (alas) requires strengthening the muscles and ligaments that pull our bones into place and learning how to control that. For home use, I can recommend Classical Pilates Series: The Complete Mat Workout Series, a $15 DVD that clearly shows the mat exercises for the Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced levels, but aso includes a "Pre-Basic" set to get up to speed. By recognizing the problem you've taken an important step. Addressing the problem will, I fear, require more than purchasing a device. (YMMV) linkanswered Jan 14 '12 at 09:44 |
As a physician of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation I also agree with Beth M. Her answer is the ideal solution. But if you are not willing and/or able to see a therapist at the very least her later point deserves a paragraph of its own. You do not want a device to hold you in a better position - unless you simply want to appear to have good posture. Such a thing would further weaken the muscles you want doing the job. However a device such as Christopher mentions; something that 'reminds' you to employ the muscles you should be using would not do any harm (as long as it is encouraging the right posture, and not causing too much damage as it does so ...which may or may not speak to the idea of living with your Mom). linkanswered Jan 15 '12 at 03:04 |


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Funeral services will be held at 2:30 p.m. on Sunday, September 22, 2013, at Holly Grove Church in Drew, officiated by Pastor Lillie Jackson, followed by interment in Drew Cemetery.
Visitation will be from 3-5 p.m. on Saturday, September 21, 2013, at Byas Funeral Home in Ruleville.
He is survived by his wife, Mary Phillips of Drew; sons, Dewayne Phillips of Southaven, Jonathan Phillips and Kerong Wallace, both of Drew; daughters, Keisha Phillips and Mary Jones, both of Drew, and Ebony Jones of Ruleville; brothers, Thomas and Oscar Phillips, both of Chicago; sisters, Susie Johnson of Ruleville, Sallie Bell of Chicago, Angerleen Jones of Country Club Hill, Ill., and Yvonne Paige of Hammond, Ind.; 10 grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.

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Funeral services will be held on Friday, January 18, 2013, at New St. Phillips Church in Cleveland. Burial will follow at Mt. Moriah Cemetery in Marianna, Ark., with the Reverend Billy Harvey officiating.
Visitation will be from 2-6 p.m. on Thursday, January 17, 2013, at Byas Funeral Home in Cleveland.
He is survived by his sons, Walter McDaniel III of Chicago, Ill., and Joseph and Brandon McDaniel of Mound Bayou; daughters, Kim Poindexter of University Park, Ill., Emma of Oakland, Calif., Kerri Williams and Tynese McDaniel of Chicago, Ill., Donna Woods of Atlanta, Georgia, Genena Woodson of Ft. Worth, Texas, and Patricia Harris of Memphis, Tenn.; 19 grandchildren; and seven great-grandchildren.


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The temptation of Christ. (1-11) The opening of Christ's ministry in Galilee. (12-17) Call of Simon and others. (18-22) Jesus teaches and works miracles. (23-25)
Verses 1-11 Concerning Christ's temptation, observe, that directly after he was declared to be the Son of God, and the Saviour of the world, he was tempted; great privileges, and special tokens of Divine favour, will not secure any from being tempted. But if the Holy Spirit witness to our being adopted as children of God, that will answer all the suggestions of the evil spirit. Christ was directed to the combat. If we presume upon our own strength, and tempt the devil to tempt us, we provoke God to leave us to ourselves. Others are tempted, when drawn aside of their own lust, and enticed, ( James 1:14 ) ; but our Lord Jesus had no corrupt nature, therefore he was tempted only by the devil. In the temptation of Christ it appears that our enemy is subtle, spiteful, and very daring; but he can be resisted. It is a comfort to us that Christ suffered, being tempted; for thus it appears that our temptations, if not yielded to, are not sins, they are afflictions only. Satan aimed in all his temptations, to bring Christ to sin against God. 1. He tempted him to despair of his Father's goodness, and to distrust his Father's care concerning him. It is one of the wiles of Satan to take advantage of our outward condition; and those who are brought into straits have need to double their guard. Christ answered all the temptations of Satan with "It is written;" to set us an example, he appealed to what was written in the Scriptures. This method we must take, when at any time we are tempted to sin. Let us learn not to take any wrong courses for our supply, when our wants are ever so pressing: in some way or other the Lord will provide. 2. Satan tempted Christ to presume upon his Father's power and protection, in a point of safety. Nor are any extremes more dangerous than despair and presumption, especially in the affairs of our souls. Satan has no objection to holy places as the scene of his assaults. Let us not, in any place, be off our watch. The holy city is the place, where he does, with the greatest advantage, tempt men to pride and presumption. All high places are slippery places; advancements in the world makes a man a mark for Satan to shoot his fiery darts at. Is Satan so well versed in Scripture as to be able to quote it readily? He is so. It is possible for a man to have his head full of Scripture notions, and his mouth full of Scripture expressions, while his heart is full of bitter enmity to God and to all goodness. Satan misquoted the words. If we go out of our way, out of the way of our duty, we forfeit the promise, and put ourselves out of God's protection. This passage, ( Deuteronomy 8:3 ) , made against the tempter, therefore he left out part. This promise is firm and stands good. But shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? No. 3. Satan tempted Christ to idolatry with the offer of the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them. The glory of the world is the most charming temptation to the unthinking and unwary; by that men are most easily imposed upon. Christ was tempted to worship Satan. He rejected the proposal with abhorrence. "Get thee hence, Satan!" Some temptations are openly wicked; and they are not merely to be opposed, but rejected at once. It is good to be quick and firm in resisting temptation. If we resist the devil he will flee from us. But the soul that deliberates is almost overcome. We find but few who can decidedly reject such baits as Satan offers; yet what is a man profited if he gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Christ was succoured after the temptation, for his encouragement to go on in his undertaking, and for our encouragement to trust in him; for as he knew, by experience, what it was to suffer, being tempted, so he knew what it was to be succoured, being tempted; therefore we may expect, not only that he will feel for his tempted people, but that he will come to them with seasonable relief.
Verses 12-17 It is just with God to take the gospel and the means of grace, from those that slight them and thrust them away. Christ will not stay long where he is not welcome. Those who are without Christ, are in the dark. They were sitting in this condition, a contented posture; they chose it rather than light; they were willingly ignorant. When the gospel comes, light comes; when it comes to any place, when it comes to any soul, it makes day there. Light discovers and directs; so does the gospel. The doctrine of repentance is right gospel doctrine. Not only the austere John Baptist, but the gracious Jesus, preached repentance. There is still the same reason to do so. The kingdom of heaven was not reckoned to be fully come, till the pouring out of the Holy Spirit after Christ's ascension.
Verses 18-22 When Christ began to preach, he began to gather disciples, who should be hearers, and afterwards preachers of his doctrine, who should be witnesses of his miracles, and afterwards testify concerning them. He went not to Herod's court, not to Jerusalem, among the chief priests and the elders, but to the sea of Galilee, among the fishermen. The same power which called Peter and Andrew, could have wrought upon Annas and Caiaphas, for with God nothing is impossible. But Christ chooses the foolish things of the world to confound the wise. Diligence in an honest calling is pleasing to Christ, and it is no hinderance to a holy life. Idle people are more open to the temptations of Satan than to the calls of God. It is a happy and hopeful thing to see children careful of their parents, and dutiful. When Christ comes, it is good to be found doing. Am I in Christ? is a very needful question to ask ourselves; and, next to that, Am I in my calling? They had followed Christ before, as common disciples, ( John 1:37 ) ; now they must leave their calling. Those who would follow Christ aright, must, at his command, leave all things to follow him, must be ready to part with them. This instance of the power of the Lord Jesus encourages us to depend upon his grace. He speaks, and it is done.
Verses 23-25 Wherever Christ went, he confirmed his Divine mission by miracles, which were emblems of the healing power of his doctrine, and the influences of the Spirit which accompanied it. We do not now find the Saviour's miraculous healing power in our bodies; but if we are cured by medicine, the praise is equally his. Three general words are here used. He healed every sickness or disease; none was too bad; none too hard, for Christ to heal with a word. Three diseases are named; the palsy, which is the greatest weakness of the body; lunacy, which is the greatest malady of the mind; and possession of the devil, which is the greatest misery and calamity of both; yet Christ healed all, and by thus curing bodily diseases, showed that his great errand into the world was to cure spiritual maladies. Sin is the sickness, disease, and torment of the soul: Christ came to take away sin, and so to heal the soul.
Matthew 4:1-11 . TEMPTATION OF CHRIST. ( = mark 1:12 mark 1:13 Luke 4:1-13 ).
1. Then--an indefinite note of sequence. But Mark's word ( Mark 1:12 ) fixes what we should have presumed was meant, that it was "immediately" after His baptism; and with this agrees the statement of Luke ( Luke 4:1 ).
was Jesus led up--that is, from the low Jordan valley to some more elevated spot.
of the Spirit--that blessed Spirit immediately before spoken of as descending upon Him at His baptism, and abiding upon Him. Luke, connecting these two scenes, as if the one were but the sequel of the other, says, "Jesus, being full of the Holy Ghost, returned from Jordan, and was led," &c. Mark's expression has a startling sharpness about it--"Immediately the Spirit driveth Him" ( Mark 1:12 ), "putteth," or "hurrieth Him forth," or "impelleth Him." (See the same word in 1:43 , 5:40 , Matthew 9:25 , 13:52 , John 10:4 ). The thought thus strongly expressed is the mighty constraining impulse of the Spirit under which He went; while Matthew's more gentle expression, "was led up," intimates how purely voluntary on His own part this action was.
into the wilderness--probably the wild Judean desert. The particular spot which tradition has fixed upon has hence got the name of Quarantana or Quarantaria, from the forty days--"an almost perpendicular wall of rock twelve or fifteen hundred feet above the plain" [ROBINSON, Palestine]. The supposition of those who incline to place the temptation amongst the mountains of Moab is, we think, very improbable.
to be tempted--The Greek word (peirazein) means simply to try or make proof of; and when ascribed to God in His dealings with men, it means, and can mean no more than this. Thus, Genesis 22:1 , "It came to pass that God did tempt Abraham," or put his faith to a severe proof. (See Deuteronomy 8:2 ). But for the most part in Scripture the word is used in a bad sense, and means to entice, solicit, or provoke to sin. Hence the name here given to the wicked one--"the tempter" ( Matthew 4:3 ). Accordingly "to be tempted" here is to be understood both ways. The Spirit conducted Him into the wilderness simply to have His faith tried; but as the agent in this trial was to be the wicked one, whose whole object would be to seduce Him from His allegiance to God, it was a temptation in the bad sense of the term. The unworthy inference which some would draw from this is energetically repelled by an apostle ( James 1:13-17 ).
of the devil. The word signifies a slanderer--one who casts imputations upon another. Hence that other name given him ( Revelation 12:10 ), "The accuser of the brethren, who accuseth them before our God day and night." Mark ( Mark 1:13 ) says, "He was forty days tempted of Satan," a word signifying an adversary, one who lies in wait for, or sets himself in opposition to another. These and other names of the same fallen spirit point to different features in his character or operations. What was the high design of this? First, as we judge, to give our Lord a taste of what lay before Him in the work He had undertaken; next, to make trial of the glorious equipment for it which He had just received; further, to give Him encouragement, by the victory now to be won, to go forward spoiling principalities and powers, until at length He should make a show of them openly, triumphing over them in His cross: that the tempter, too, might get a taste, at the very outset, of the new kind of material in man which he would find he had here to deal with; finally, that He might acquire experimental ability "to succor them that are tempted" ( Hebrews 2:18 ). The temptation evidently embraced two stages: the one continuing throughout the forty days' fast; the other, at the conclusion of that period.
2. And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights--Luke says "When they were quite ended" ( Luke 4:2 ).
he was afterward an hungered--evidently implying that the sensation of hunger was unfelt during all the forty days; coming on only at their close. So it was apparently with Moses ( Exodus 34:28 ) and Elijah ( 1 Kings 19:8 ) for the same period. A supernatural power of endurance was of course imparted to the body, but this probably operated through a natural law--the absorption of the Redeemer's Spirit in the dread conflict with the tempter. Gospel, we should suppose the temptation did not begin till after this. But it is clear, from Mark's statement, that "He was in the wilderness forty days tempted of Satan" ( Mark 1:13 ), and Luke's, "being forty days tempted of the devil" ( Luke 4:2 ), that there was a forty days' temptation before the three specific temptations afterwards recorded. And this is what we have called the First Stage. What the precise nature and object of the forty days' temptation were is not recorded. But two things seem plain enough. First, the tempter had utterly failed of his object, else it had not been renewed; and the terms in which he opens his second attack imply as much. But further, the tempter's whole object during the forty days evidently was to get Him to distrust the heavenly testimony borne to Him at His baptism as THE SON OF GOD--to persuade Him to regard it as but a splendid illusion--and, generally, to dislodge from His breast the consciousness of His Sonship. With what plausibility the events of His previous history from the beginning would be urged upon Him in support of this temptation it is easy to imagine. And it makes much in support of this view of the forty days' temptation that the particulars of it are not recorded; for how the details of such a purely internal struggle could be recorded it is hard to see. If this be correct, how naturally does the SECOND STAGE of the temptation open! In Mark's brief notice of the temptation there is one expressive particular not given either by Matthew or by Luke--that "He was with the wild beasts" ( Mark 1:12 ), no doubt to add terror to solitude, and aggravate the horrors of the whole scene.
3. And when the tempter came to him--Evidently we have here a new scene.
he said, if thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread--rather, "loaves," answering to "stones" in the plural; whereas Luke, having said, "Command this stone," in the singular, adds, "that it be made bread," in the singular ( Luke 4:3 ). The sensation of hunger, unfelt during all the forty days, seems now to have come on in all its keenness--no doubt to open a door to the tempter, of which he is not slow to avail himself; "Thou still clingest to that vainglorious confidence that Thou art the Son of God, carried away by those illusory scenes at the Jordan. Thou wast born in a stable; but Thou art the Son of God! hurried off to Egypt for fear of Herod's wrath; but Thou art the Son of God! a carpenter's roof supplied Thee with a home, and in the obscurity of a despicable town of Galilee Thou hast spent thirty years, yet still Thou art the Son of God! and a voice from heaven, it seems, proclaimed it in Thine ears at the Jordan! Be it so; but after that, surely Thy days of obscurity and trial should have an end. Why linger for weeks in this desert, wandering among the wild beasts and craggy rocks, unhonored, unattended, unpitied, ready to starve for want of the necessaries of life? Is this befitting "the Son of God?" At the bidding of "the Son of God" surely those stones shall all be turned into loaves, and in a moment present an abundant repast."
4. But he answered and said, It is written--( Deuteronomy 8:3 ).
Man shall not live by bread alone--more emphatically, as in the Greek, "Not by bread alone shall man live."
but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God--Of all passages in Old Testament Scripture, none could have been pitched upon more apposite, perhaps not one so apposite, to our Lord's purpose. "The Lord . . . led thee (said Moses to Israel, at the close of their journeyings) these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep His commandments, or no. And He humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that He might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only," &c., "Now, if Israel spent, not forty days, but forty years in a waste, howling wilderness, where there were no means of human subsistence, not starving, but divinely provided for, on purpose to prove to every age that human support depends not upon bread, but upon God's unfailing word of promise and pledge of all needful providential care, am I, distrusting this word of God, and despairing of relief, to take the law into My own hand? True, the Son of God is able enough to turn stones into bread: but what the Son of God is able to do is not the present question, but what is man's duty under want of the necessaries of life. And as Israel's condition in the wilderness did not justify their unbelieving murmurings and frequent desperation, so neither would Mine warrant the exercise of the power of the Son of God in snatching despairingly at unwarranted relief. As man, therefore, I will await divine supply, nothing doubting that at the fitting time it will arrive." The second temptation in this Gospel is in Luke's the third. That Matthew's order is the right one will appear, we think, quite clearly in the sequel.
5. Then the devil taketh him up--rather, "conducteth Him."
into the holy city--so called (as in Isaiah 48:2 , Nehemiah 11:1 ) from its being "the city of the Great King," the seat of the temple, the metropolis of all Jewish worship.
and setteth him on a pinnacle of the temple--rather, "the pinnacle"--a certain well-known projection. Whether this refers to the highest summit of the temple, which bristled with golden spikes [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 5.5,6]; or whether it refers to another peak, on Herod's royal portico, overhanging the ravine of Kedron, at the valley of Hinnom--an immense tower built on the very edge of this precipice, from the top of which dizzy height JOSEPHUS says one could not look to the bottom [Antiquities, 15.11,5]--is not certain; but the latter is probably meant.
6. And saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God--As this temptation starts with the same point as the first--our Lord's determination not to be disputed out of His Sonship--it seems to us clear that the one came directly after the other; and as the remaining temptation shows that the hope of carrying that point was abandoned, and all was staked upon a desperate venture, we think that remaining temptation is thus shown to be the last; as will appear still more when we come to it.
cast thyself down--"from hence" ( Luke 4:9 ).
for it is written--( Psalms 91:11 Psalms 91:12 ). "But what is this I see?" exclaims stately BISHOP HALL. "Satan himself with a Bible under his arm and a text in his mouth!" Doubtless the tempter, having felt the power of God's Word in the former temptation, was eager to try the effect of it from his own mouth ( 2 Corinthians 11:14 ).
He shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands--rather, "on their hands."
they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone--The quotation is, precisely as it stands in the Hebrew and the Septuagint, save that after the first clause the words, "to keep thee in all thy ways," are here omitted. Not a few good expositors have thought that this omission was intentional, to conceal the fact that this would not have been one of "His ways," that is, of duty. But as our Lord's reply makes no allusion to this, but seizes on the great principle involved in the promise quoted, so when we look at the promise itself, it is plain that the sense of it is precisely the same whether the clause in question be inserted or not.
7. Jesus said unto him, It is written again--( Deuteronomy 6:16 ), as if he should say, "True, it is so written, and on that promise I implicitly rely; but in using it there is another Scripture which must not be forgotten."
Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God--"Preservation in danger is divinely pledged: shall I then create danger, either to put the promised security skeptically to the proof, or wantonly to demand a display of it? That were 'to tempt the Lord my God,' which, being expressly forbidden, would forfeit the right to expect preservation."
8. Again, the devil taketh him up--"conducteth him," as before.
into--or "unto"
an exceeding high mountain, and showeth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them--Luke ( Luke 4:5 ) adds the important clause, "in a moment of time"; a clause which seems to furnish a key to the true meaning. That a scene was presented to our Lord's natural eye seems plainly expressed. But to limit this to the most extensive scene which the natural eye could take in, is to give a sense to the expression, "all the kingdoms of the world," quite violent. It remains, then, to gather from the expression, "in a moment of time"-- which manifestly is intended to intimate some supernatural operation--that it was permitted to the tempter to extend preternaturally for a moment our Lord's range of vision, and throw a "glory" or glitter over the scene of vision: a thing not inconsistent with the analogy of other scriptural statements regarding the permitted operations of the wicked one. In this case, the "exceeding height" of the "mountain" from which this sight was beheld would favor the effect to be produced.
9. And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee--"and the glory of them," adds Luke ( Luke 4:6 ). But Matthew having already said that this was "showed Him," did not need to repeat it here. Luke ( Luke 4:6 ) adds these other very important clauses, here omitted--"for that is," or "has been," "delivered unto me, and to whomsoever I will I give it." Was this wholly false? That were not like Satan's unusual policy, which is to insinuate his lies under cover of some truth. What truth, then, is there here? We answer, Is not Satan thrice called by our Lord Himself, "the prince of this world" ( John 12:31 , 14:30 , 16:11 )? Does not the apostle call him "the god of this world" ( 2 Corinthians 4:4 )? And still further, is it not said that Christ came to destroy by His death "him that hath the power of death, that is, the devil" ( Hebrews 2:14 )? No doubt these passages only express men's voluntary subjection to the rule of the wicked one while they live, and his power to surround death to them, when it comes, with all the terrors of the wages of sin. But as this is a real and terrible sway, so all Scripture represents men as righteously sold under it. In this sense he speaks what is not devoid of truth, when he says, "All this is delivered unto me." But how does he deliver this "to whomsoever he will?" As employing whomsoever he pleases of his willing subjects in keeping men under his power. In this case his offer to our Lord was that of a deputed supremacy commensurate with his own, though as his gift and for his ends.
if thou wilt fall down and worship me--This was the sole but monstrous condition. No Scripture, it will be observed, is quoted now, because none could be found to support so blasphemous a claim. In fact, he has ceased now to present his temptations under the mask of piety, and he stands out unblushingly as the rival of God Himself in his claims on the homage of men. Despairing of success as an angel of light, he throws off all disguise, and with a splendid bribe solicits divine honor. This again shows that we are now at the last of the temptations, and that Matthew's order is the true one.
10. Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan--Since the tempter has now thrown off the mask, and stands forth in his true character, our Lord no longer deals with him as a pretended friend and pious counsellor, but calls him by his right name--His knowledge of which from the outset He had carefully concealed till now--and orders him off. This is the final and conclusive evidence, as we think, that Matthew's must be the right order of the temptations. For who can well conceive of the tempter's returning to the assault after this, in the pious character again, and hoping still to dislodge the consciousness of His Sonship, while our Lord must in that case be supposed to quote Scripture to one He had called the devil to his face--thus throwing His pearls before worse than swine?
for it is written--( Deuteronomy 6:13 ). Thus does our Lord part with Satan on the rock of Scripture.
Thou shalt worship--In the Hebrew and the Septuagint it is, "Thou shalt fear"; but as the sense is the same, so "worship" is here used to show emphatically that what the tempter claimed was precisely what God had forbidden.
the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve--The word "serve" in the second clause, is one never used by the Septuagint of any but religious service; and in this sense exclusively is it used in the New Testament, as we find it here. Once more the word "only," in the second clause--not expressed in the Hebrew and the Septuagint--is here added to bring out emphatically the negative and prohibitory feature of the command. (See Galatians 3:10 for a similar supplement of the word "all" in a quotation from Deuteronomy 27:26 ).
11. Then the devil leaveth him--Luke says, "And when the devil had exhausted"--or "quite ended," as in Luke 4:2 --"every (mode of) temptation, he departed from him till a season." The definite "season" here indicated is expressly referred to by our Lord in John 14:30 , Luke 22:52 Luke 22:53 .
and, behold, angels came and ministered unto him--or supplied Him with food, as the same expression means in 1:31 , Luke 8:3 . Thus did angels to Elijah ( 1 Kings 19:5-8 ). Excellent critics think that they ministered, not food only, but supernatural support and cheer also. But this would be the natural effect rather than the direct object of the visit, which was plainly what we have expressed. And after having refused to claim the illegitimate ministration of angels in His behalf, oh, with what deep joy would He accept their services when sent, unasked, at the close of all this temptation, direct from Him whom He had so gloriously honored! What "angels' food" would this repast be to Him! and as He partook of it, might not a Voice from heaven be heard again, by any who could read the Father's mind, "Said I not well, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased?"
Matthew 4:12-25 . CHRIST BEGINS HIS GALILEAN MINISTRY--CALLING OF PETER AND ANDREW, JAMES AND JOHN--HIS FIRST GALILEAN CIRCUIT. ( = mark 1:14-20 mark 1:35-39 Luke 4:14 Luke 4:15 ).
There is here a notable gap in the history, which but for the fourth Gospel we should never have discovered. From the former Gospels we should have been apt to draw three inferences, which from the fourth one we know to be erroneous: First, that our Lord awaited the close of John's ministry, by his arrest and imprisonment, before beginning His own; next, that there was but a brief interval between the baptism of our Lord and the imprisonment of John; and further, that our Lord not only opened His work in Galilee, but never ministered out of it, and never visited Jerusalem at all nor kept a passover till He went thither to become "our Passover, sacrificed for us." The fourth Gospel alone gives the true succession of events; not only recording those important openings of our Lord's public work which preceded the Baptist's imprisonment--extending to the end of the third chapter--but so specifying the passover which occurred during our Lord's ministry as to enable us to line off, with a large measure of certainty, the events of the first three Gospels according to the successive passover which they embraced. EUSEBIUS, the ecclesiastical historian, who, early in the fourth century, gave much attention to this subject, in noticing these features of the Evangelical Records, says [Ecclesiastical History, 3.24] that John wrote his Gospel at the entreaty of those who knew the important materials he possessed, and filled up what is wanting in the first three Gospels. Why it was reserved for the fourth Gospel, published at so late a period, to supply such important particulars in the life of Christ, it is not easy to conjecture with any probability. It may be, that though not unacquainted with the general facts, they were not furnished with reliable details. But one thing may be affirmed with tolerable certainty, that as our Lord's teaching at Jerusalem was of a depth and grandeur scarcely so well adapted to the prevailing character of the first three Gospels, but altogether congenial to the fourth; and as the bare mention of the successive passovers, without any account of the transactions and discourses they gave rise to, would have served little purpose in the first three Gospels, there may have been no way of preserving the unity and consistency of each Gospel, so as to furnish by means of them all the precious information we get from them, save by the plan on which they are actually constructed.
Entry into Galilee ( Matthew 4:12-17 ).
12. Now when Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison--more simply, "was delivered up," as recorded in Matthew 14:3-5 , 6:17-20 , Luke 3:19 Luke 3:20 .
he departed--rather, "withdrew."
into Galilee--as recorded, in its proper place, in John 4:1-3 .
13. And leaving Nazareth--The prevalent opinion is that this refers to a first visit to Nazareth after His baptism, whose details are given by Luke ( Luke 4:16 , &c.); a second visit being that detailed by our Evangelist ( Matthew 13:54-58 ), and by Mark ( Mark 6:1-6 ). But to us there seem all but insuperable difficulties in the supposition of two visits to Nazareth after His baptism; and on the grounds stated in Luke 4:16 , &c., we think that the one only visit to Nazareth is that recorded by Matthew ( Matthew 13:53-58 ), Mark ( Mark 6:1-6 ), and Luke ( Luke 4:14-30 ). But how, in that case, are we to take the word "leaving Nazareth" here? We answer, just as the same word is used in Acts 21:3 , "Now when we had sighted Cyprus, and left it on the left, we sailed into Syria,"--that is, without entering Cyprus at all, but merely "sighting" it, as the nautical phrase is, they steered southeast of it, leaving it on the northwest. So here, what we understand the Evangelist to say is, that Jesus, on His return to Galilee, did not, as might have been expected, make Nazareth the place of His stated residence, but, "leaving for passing by Nazareth,"
he came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is upon the seacoast--maritime Capernaum, on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee; but the precise spot is unknown. chosen it for several reasons. Four or five of the Twelve lived there; it had a considerable and mixed population, securing some freedom from that intense bigotry which even to this day characterizes all places where Jews in large numbers dwell nearly alone; it was centrical, so that not only on the approach of the annual festivals did large numbers pass through it or near it, but on any occasion multitudes could easily be collected about it; and for crossing and recrossing the lake, which our Lord had so often occasion to do, no place could be more convenient. But one other high reason for the choice of Capernaum remains to be mentioned, the only one specified by our Evangelist.
in the borders of Zabulon and Nephthalim--the one lying to the west of the Sea of Galilee, the other to the north of it; but the precise boundaries cannot now be traced out.
14. That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet--( Isaiah 9:1 Isaiah 9:2 or, as in Hebrew, Isaiah 8:23, and 9:1).
saying--as follows:
15. The land of Zabulon, and the land of Nephthalim, by the way of the sea--the coast skirting the Sea of Galilee westward--beyond Jordan--a phrase commonly meaning eastward of Jordan; but here and in several places it means westward of the Jordan. The word seems to have got the general meaning of "the other side"; the nature of the case determining which side that was.
Galilee of the Gentiles--so called from its position, which made it the frontier between the Holy Land and the external world. While Ephraim and Judah, as STANLEY says, were separated from the world by the Jordan valley on one side and the hostile Philistines on another, the northern tribes were in the direct highway of all the invaders from the north, in unbroken communication with the promiscuous races who have always occupied the heights of Lebanon, and in close and peaceful alliance with the most commercial nation of the ancient world, the Phoenicians. Twenty of the cities of Galilee were actually annexed by Solomon to the adjacent kingdom of Tyre, and formed, with their territory, the "boundary" or "offscouring" (Gebul or Cabul) of the two dominions--at a later time still known by the general name of "the boundaries (coasts or borders) of Tyre and Sidon." In the first great transportation of the Jewish population, Naphtali and Galilee suffered the same fate as the trans-jordanic tribes before Ephraim or Judah had been molested ( 2 Kings 15:29 ). In the time of the Christian era this original disadvantage of their position was still felt; the speech of the Galileans "bewrayed them" by its uncouth pronunciation ( Matthew 26:73 ); and their distance from the seats of government and civilization at Jerusalem and Cæsarea gave them their character for turbulence or independence, according as it was viewed by their friends or their enemies.
16. The people which sat in darkness saw great light; and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up--The prophetic strain to which these words belong commences with the seventh chapter of Isaiah, to which the sixth chapter is introductory, and goes down to the end of the twelfth chapter, which hymns the spirit of that whole strain of prophecy. It belongs to the reign of Ahaz and turns upon the combined efforts of the two neighboring kingdoms of Syria and Israel to crush Judah. In these critical circumstances Judah and her king were, by their ungodliness, provoking the Lord to sell them into the hands of their enemies. What, then, is the burden of this prophetic strain, on to the passage here quoted? First, Judah shall not, cannot perish, because IMMANUEL, the Virgin's Son, is to come forth from his loins. Next, one of the invaders shall soon perish, and the kingdoms of neither be enlarged. Further, while the Lord will be the Sanctuary of such as confide in these promises and await their fulfilment, He will drive to confusion, darkness, and despair the vast multitude of the nation who despised His oracles, and, in their anxiety and distress, betook themselves to the lying oracles of the heathen. This carries us down to the end of the eighth chapter. At the opening of the ninth chapter a sudden light is seen breaking in upon one particular part of the country, the part which was to suffer most in these wars and devastations--"the land of Zebulun, and the land of Naphtali, the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, Galilee and the Gentiles." The rest of the prophecy stretches over both the Assyrian and the Chaldean captivities and terminates in the glorious Messianic prophecy of the eleventh chapter and the choral hymn of the twelfth chapter. Well, this is the point seized on by our Evangelist. By Messiah's taking up His abode in those very regions of Galilee, and shedding His glorious light upon them, this prediction, He says, of the Evangelical prophet was now fulfilled; and if it was not thus fulfilled, we may confidently affirm it was not fulfilled in any age of the Jewish ceremony, and has received no fulfilment at all. Even the most rationalistic critics have difficulty in explaining it in any other way.
17. From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent; for the kingdom of heaven is at hand--Thus did our Lord not only take up the strain, but give forth the identical summons of His honored forerunner. Our Lord sometimes speaks of the new kingdom as already come--in His own Person and ministry; but the economy of it was only "at hand" until the blood of the cross was shed, and the Spirit on the day of Pentecost opened the fountain for sin and for uncleanness to the world at large.
Calling of Peter and Andrew James and John ( Matthew 4:18-22 ).
18. And Jesus, walking--The word "Jesus" here appears not to belong to the text, but to have been introduced from those portions of it which were transcribed to be used as church lessons; where it was naturally introduced as a connecting word at the commencement of a lesson.
by the Sea of Galilee, saw two brethren, Simon called Peter and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea; for they were fishers--"called Peter" for the reason mentioned in Matthew 16:18 .
19. And he saith unto them, Follow me--rather, as the same expression is rendered in Mark, "Come ye after Me" ( Mark 1:17 ).
and I will make you fishers of men--raising them from a lower to a higher fishing, as David was from a lower to a higher feeding ( Psalms 78:70-72 ).
20. And they straightway left their nets, and followed him.
21. And going on from thence, he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship--rather, "in the ship," their fishing boat.
with Zebedee their father, mending their nets: and he called them.
22. And they immediately left the ship and their father--Mark adds an important clause: "They left their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired servants" ( Mark 1:20 ); showing that the family were in easy circumstances.
and followed him--Two harmonistic questions here arise: First, Was this the same calling as that recorded in John 1:35-42 ? Clearly not. For, (1) That call was given while Jesus was yet in Judea: this, after His return to Galilee. (2) Here, Christ calls Andrew: there, Andrew solicits an interview with Christ. (3) Here, Andrew and Peter are called together: there, Andrew having been called, with an unnamed disciple, who was clearly the beloved disciple goes and fetches Peter his brother to Christ, who then calls him. (4) Here, John is called along with James his brother: there, John is called along with Andrew, after having at their own request had an interview with Jesus; no mention being made of James, whose call, if it then took place, would not likely have been passed over by his own brother. Thus far nearly all are agreed. But on the next question opinion is divided: Was this the same calling as that recorded in Luke 5:1-11 ? Many able critics think so. But the following considerations are to us decisive against it. First here, the four are called separately, in pairs: in Luke, all together. Next, in Luke, after a glorious miracle: here, the one pair are casting their net, the other are mending theirs. Further, here, our Lord had made no public appearance in Galilee, and so had gathered none around Him; He is walking solitary by the shores of the lake when He accosts the two pairs of fishermen: in Luke, the multitude are pressing upon Him, and hearing the word of God, as He stands by the Lake of Gennesaret--a state of things implying a somewhat advanced stage of His early ministry, and some popular enthusiasm. Regarding these successive callings,
First Galilean Circuit ( Matthew 4:23-25 ).
23. And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues--These were houses of local worship. It cannot be proved that they existed before the Babylonish captivity; but as they began to be erected soon after it, probably the idea was suggested by the religious inconveniences to which the captives had been subjected. In our Lord's time, the rule was to have one wherever ten learned men or professed students of the law resided; and they extended to Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, and most places of the dispersion. The larger towns had several, and in Jerusalem the number approached five hundred. In point of officers and mode of worship, the Christian congregations are modelled after the synagogue.
and preaching the gospel of the kingdom--proclaiming the glad tidings of the kingdom,
and healing all manner of sickness--every disease.
and all manner of disease among the people--every complaint. The word means any incipient malady causing "softness."
24. And his fame went throughout all Syria--reaching first to the part of it adjacent to Galilee, called Syro-Phoenicia ( Mark 7:26 ), and thence extending far and wide.
and they brought unto him all sick people--all that were ailing or unwell. Those
that were taken--for this is a distinct class, not an explanation of the "unwell" class, as our translators understood it.
with divers diseases and torments--that is, acute disorders.
and those which were possessed with devils--that were demonized or possessed with demons.
and those which were lunatic--moon-struck.
and those that had the palsy--paralytics, a word not naturalized when our version was made.
and he healed them--These healings were at once His credentials and illustrations of "the glad tidings" which He proclaimed. After reading this account of our Lord's first preaching tour, can we wonder at what follows?
25. And there followed him great multitudes of people from Galilee, and from Decapolis--a region lying to the east of the Jordan, so called as containing ten cities, founded and chiefly inhabited by Greek settlers.
and from Jerusalem, and from beyond Jordan--meaning from Perea. Thus not only was all Palestine upheaved, but all the adjacent regions. But the more immediate object for which this is here mentioned is, to give the reader some idea both of the vast concourse and of the varied complexion of eager attendants upon the great Preacher, to whom the astonishing discourse of the next three chapters was addressed. On the importance which our Lord Himself attached to this first preaching circuit, and the preparation which He made for it,


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Commemorate a special year for the Daytona 500® with the 36" x 48" canvas print from Fanatics Authentic®. This beautiful NASCAR® collectible displays the original cover art from the race-day program and is suitable for a ready-made or custom-designed frame.
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... Learn MoreFREE SHIPPINGModel#: 22090(48 States)
$699.00 -
iOptron - Cube Pro 90 Mount
iOptron Cube Pro 90 Mount
... Learn MoreFREE SHIPPINGModel#: 8205(48 States)
$548.00 -
Sky-Watcher USA - Pro 120ED APO with CGEM Mount
Sky-Watcher high-performance ED-APO refractors offer premium optical performance for the discriminating amateur astronomer. Refractors are coveted for their superb contrast, high-definition and coal-black sky background
... Learn MoreFREE SHIPPINGModel#: S11200(48 States)
$2,799.00 -
Celestron - Travel Scope 70mm Portable Refractor Telescope
The Celestron Travel Scope 70 is the young beginners astronomer's dream! It is a small compact optical instrument, but still made of high quality materials and even includes two full-size eyepieces and a 5x24 finderscope.
... Learn MoreModel#: 21035
$84.95 -
Celestron - PowerSeeker 80EQ 80mm Refractor Telescope
A beginner telescopes should be as easy as 1, 2 ,3 to setup and use. The Celestron PowerSeeker 80EQ Refractor Telescope is very suitable for beginning observers and for family occasions such as camping to be used in both astronomy and terrestrial viewing.
... Learn MoreModel#: 21048
$142.95 -
Celestron - PowerSeeker 60EQ 60mm Refractor Telescope
Their sturdy equatorial mounts are perfect for tracking objects in the night sky, and the collapsible alt-azimuth mounts are perfectly suited for terrestrial (land) viewing as well as astronomical use.
... Learn MoreModel#: 21043
Regular Price: $99.95
Special Price: $85.95
Celestron - PowerSeeker 50AZ 50mm Refractor Telescope
Celestron PowerSeeker telescopes are a great way to open up the wonders of the Universe to the aspiring astronomer. The PowerSeeker series is designed to give the first-time telescope user the perfect combination of quality, value, features and power.
... Learn MoreModel#: 21039
$49.95 -
Opticstar - Optimum ONE - D80S Gold DS
80mm f/6.5 ED Fluorite Doublet optics, dual speed Crayford focuser. ... Learn More
FREE SHIPPINGModel#: D80S(48 States)
$799.00 -
Levenhuk - Strike 50 NG Refractor Telescope
Levenhuk Strike 50 NG is a wonderful telescope for kids, perfect for observations of constellations, lunar craters, sunspots, atmospheric flows of Jupiter and its four largest moons, phases of Venus, rings of Saturn, and binary stars.
... Learn MoreModel#: 29268
$74.95 -
Lunt Engineering - 152mm f/7.9 ED APO Refractor
A 6" f/7.9 ED with the glass combination Chengdu CDGM FK61 and Lanthanum H-LAF53.
... Learn MoreFREE SHIPPINGModel#: APM-152-1200-FK61/LA-D-2.5ZTA(48 States)
$3,990.00 -
Levenhuk - 90x900 Strike 900 PRO Telescope
Levenhuk Strike 900 PRO is the entry-level model of the Strike PRO series. It has a high-quality achromatic objective lens that provides bright and ... Learn More
FREE SHIPPINGModel#: 37363(48 States)


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Red Diesel is Not Street Diesel
Red-dyed diesel fuel tax fraud takes away millions of dollars from your roads. Help ADOT wipe out the problem …
Child ID Cards
New central issuance process
Know before you go!
Veteran Designations Now Available
Address Matters!
Copyright © 2013 Arizona Department of Transportation – All rights reserved.


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Product Number: | RC09389 |
Item Price: | $4.49 |
Availability: | In Stock |
Shipping Weight: | 0.01 lb. |
Made to the exact size of the case mouth to prevent wobble and insure perfect trim alignment.
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As companies go through critical inflection points in their growth, CEOs need a wide range competencies and sources for advice and support.
CEO Fusion helps CEOs develop the entrepreneurial and managerial competencies necessary to successfully manage their changing enterprises while also facilitating the development of a community that can help them build the relational resources through which they can find the advice, resources, and support they need.
We recognize that CEOs need to network extensively and so we promote, through our Fusion Calendar, events held by other organizations that are relevant to CEOs.
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Master of Arts in Liberal Studies - FAQ
A bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited school, or its foreign equivalent, is required for entry into the program, as is an admissions essay that demonstrates your understanding of the program and how you will personally benefit from it. Instructions for writing the essay are included on the application form.
Your application will be evaluated by the MA in Liberal Studies Admissions Committee, which is chaired by the Program Director. The admissions essay is the primary means by which your preparedness for graduate-level study will be evaluated. The following considerations will guide the admissions committee in its assessment of your essay:
- Your essay demonstrates that the MA in Liberal Studies degree is appropriate for your personal or vocational goals.
- Your essay demonstrates that you understand the program and that your proposed focus is appropriate for the MA in Liberal Studies degree.
- Through your essay, you demonstrate that you have the necessary writing skills, motivation, academic preparation, and intellectual maturity to succeed in the program.
- Your essay demonstrates that you are capable of successfully completing your proposed program.
- Your essay also helps us guide your studies so that the courses you take align with your interests and desired academic outcome.
The cost of the program varies, depending on how many eligible graduate credits you have earned prior to enrollment. If you use credit from other institutions to meet requirements, you will pay those institutions for the credit, not Excelsior College. You should budget for tuition, fees, and books for tier I courses and, where necessary, for tier II courses as well. You may also incur research expenses for tier III. Detailed information is available on the Graduate Fee Schedule (PDF).
Several financial aid and financing opportunities are available to assist you with the cost of earning the masters in liberal studies degree. The staff of our financial aid office encourages you to take advantage of these benefits and will help you understand the various requirements and eligibility standards for financial aid. Please contact them by phone at 855-323-9235 (toll free). Or send an email to email@example.com.
Once you are accepted into the program and make your first tuition payment, you may begin taking courses. However, you are not considered enrolled and cannot receive academic advising until you pay the graduate student fee.
The Degree Completion Plan is a document that you will prepare at the conclusion of the Tier I core courses and is only required of students enrolled in the Thesis Option. In it you will explain how you plan to earn credit for Tier II of the program. Also, in the reflective essay which is part of the plan, you will examine the interdisciplinary relationships among the components of your proposed program of study. You must show how your Tier I and II coursework relates to your area of focus and lays the groundwork for your thesis (Tier III). In addition to the DCP Guidelines (PDF), samples are available for guidance. It is important to note that it is at the time that you submit the DCP that your proposed transfer credit, if any, is approved, not at the time of admission.
An Independent Learning Contract (ILC) is a written agreement between you and Excelsior College regarding an independent study project you wish to undertake to earn credit to satisfy Tier II requirements. You are not required to complete an ILC; it is an option that is available to you. Your Independent Learning Contract must be related to your area of focus. A faculty member will be assigned to you and will serve as your mentor on the project.
The Capstone Option is designed for students who have an interest in interdisciplinary liberal studies and want the flexibility to tailor their coursework to their own special interests. Students will choose 15 credits of elective graduate credit in any liberal studies disciplines (minimum two disciplines). Once Tier II is complete, they will move directly to Tier III where they will complete a MLS*697 Methodology (or MLS*703 Historiography or MLS*703 Literary Theory) before moving on to MLS*798 Master's Capstone. This course will cover the Harlem Renaissance and focus on the art, music, history, politics, and literature of this period and will end in a culminating project. No degree completion plan (DCP) is required with this option.
The Thesis Option gives you an opportunity to fine tune and expand your written communication skills, the value of which cannot be overestimated.
There are two options for fulfilling the thesis requirement:
The Creative Thesis
For this option, you would choose a topic important to you and which would reflect your personal intellectual curiosity and passions. The end product would be a creative piece and an accompanying research piece. You could choose to write a collection of short stories, novella, book of poetry, screenplay, or original artwork or musical composition.
The Research-based Thesis
Choosing a topic that is meaningful for you and excites you is the key to successes in meeting the thesis requirement. Choose an interdisciplinary topic you want to know more about and become expert in. Your topic should include at least two liberal studies disciplines.
In either case, you work with three distinguished faculty readers to help accomplish this goal including the Program Director and Academic Advisor who will have worked with you throughout your program of study and will provide continued support.
Up to 15 graduate-level credits from regionally accredited institutions, with grades of B- or better, may apply toward the program, pending advisor approval. Please review the degree requirement chart (PDF). It is important for you to submit official transcripts for all courses to be considered for transfer. Certain conditions apply. Consult your advisor for guidance.
How long it will take you to complete the program depends on the credits you may have earned previously which may apply to the program. It also depends on your level of discipline and ability to focus on your studies. Because most MA in Liberal Studies students are working adults, we estimate that most students will complete the program in less than three years, but you will have six years from the date you enroll to complete the program.
No. Only graduate-level credits apply toward the program.
Not for admission to the program, but a minimum grade point average of 3.0 is required for graduation. Also only courses with a grade of B or better will be accepted for transfer. "Plus" and "minus" grades are not used at Excelsior College, so grades of B+ and B- are both computed as a B.
The MA in Liberal Studies program may support your career objectives if you are seeking licensing or certification, depending on the requirements in your state. However, depending on your state's regulations, it may not. Please consult licensing/certifying bodies in your state for confirmation of whether or not the Master of Arts in Liberal Studies degree will serve your purposes.
The goal of the MA in Liberal Studies program is to promote the values of liberal learning rather than to provide vocational or professional training or specific preparation for Ph.D. programs. Of course, completion of this or any other program does not guarantee acceptance into another graduate degree program, but graduates of MA in Liberal Studies programs are accepted into Ph.D. programs regularly.
More FAQ
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Admissions counselors are available to walk you through the admissions process.
Regular Hours: Monday through Friday, 8:30 am to 5:00 pm ET
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It's hot out there! There's no time like the present to submerge yourself in some refreshing H2O. And while you're at it, you can burn calories and tone up all over—faster, in fact, than if you exercised in the air-conditioned sanctuary of your gym. Why? Water provides 12 to 15 times more resistance than air. So you can burn as many as 3 1/2 times more calories than if you walked at a moderate pace—and it's more refreshing! You don't even have to swim to get these results.
Here are 19 easy ways to get started, from solo moves you can do in a pool or at the beach to high-energy games for the whole family. You'll have more fun, stay cool, and shed pounds in no time.


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Your #lovecapetown weekend: What's on from Friday 30 January to Sunday 01 February, 2015
Rob Peters
Music, wine and a day at the races, it's all happening in the Mother City this weekend! -
20 of the best clubs and bars in Cape Town
Rob Peters
So you're looking for a night out are you? A couple of drinks you say? Maybe you want to cut loose on the dance floor, but aren't sure where to go? Our handy list of 20 of the most popular clubs and bars in the Mother City will help you on your way then! Enjoy! -
Mixing it up for the J&b Met: Your last minute shopping guide
The J&B Met is mixing-it-up and with the dawn of 2015 we are all Made For The Mix – which means anything goes! If you're still looking for the perfect outfit, these stores need to be your last-minute stop before a day at the races. -
Clovelly Golf Course is a hidden gem
Dan Nicholl
Founded by Raymond Ackerman, the Clovelly golf club was the first South African sports facility to break down apartheid's strict regulations in the 1970s. Today, it's better known as a short but challenging layout that's gentle in still conditions, but a fierce test when the wind gets up.
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Cape Town welcomes #MeetSouthAfrica travel bloggers
Bloggers love South Africa – we know this from our #LoveCapeTown campaign. This campaign saw us bringing four international travel bloggers (@traveldudes @velvetescape @landlopers and @wildjunket) to Cape Town in July 2012 during a social media drive in which Capetonians interacted with the bloggers and their followers, telling the stories of Cape Town and her people.


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Wow… this is the best 3-dimensional likeness of Michael Jackson I've ever seen! The ones that I've seen so far, although I could tell they were fashioned after MJ, have failed to capture any real essence of Michael. This is beautifully done. It's haunting!
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Under DDoS Attack?
Need Immediate DDoS Mitigation Support?
A Verisign DDoS expert will contact you shortly
or Call 1‑703‑948‑4299
Need Immediate DDoS Mitigation Support?
Contact a Verisign DDoS expert
Call 1‑703‑948‑4299
As the global leader in domain names, Verisign powers the invisible navigation that takes people to where they want to go on the Internet.
Verisign's infrastructure services help to ensure that your organization's websites are reliable and always available.
Verisign provides in-depth analysis, insight and response recommendations to help keep businesses and government organizations ahead of new and evolving cyber threats and vulnerabilities.
As the Internet continues to expand, Verisign is committed to creating and driving advancements that keep the Internet fast, safe, and reliable for all users.
Verisign Labs Distinguished Speaker Series is a quarterly forum to bring together members of the technical community to network and listen to distinguished speakers about issues related to internet technology.
Recently inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society, Van Jacobson is one of the primary contributors to the technological foundations of today's Internet. Van joined PARC in 2006 as a Research Fellow to lead its content-centric networking research program.
Van's algorithms for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) helped solve the problem of congestion and are used in over 90% of Internet hosts today. Widely credited with enabling the Internet to expand in size and support increasing speed demands, Van helped the Internet survive a major traffic surge (1988-89) without collapsing.
Van has co-written many network diagnostics tools (traceroute, pathchar, and tcpdump) that are widely used by the Internet research and development community. Besides authoring dozens of seminal, Internet-defining documents, he also helped lead the development of the Internet Multicast Backbone (MBone) and the popular Internet audio and video conferencing tools (vic, vat, wb) that laid the groundwork and defined the standards for current Internet VoIP and multimedia applications.
Prior to joining PARC, Van led networking efforts as Chief Scientist at Cisco Systems and later Packet Design Networks. He also led the groundbreaking Network Research group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and its collaboration with the Computer Science Research Group at the University of California, Berkeley.
Van's industry honors include the prestigious ACM SIGCOMM Award (2001) for outstanding lifetime contribution to the field of communication networks -- especially his contributions to protocol architecture and congestion control. In 2002, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) honored Van with the Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award for contributing "to the understanding of network congestion," and for developing congestion control mechanisms that enabled the "successful scaling of the Internet". Van was elected to the United States' National Academy of Engineering in 2004.
View all of our past Distinguished Speaker Series presentations.


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Rio Grande del NorteJoin this group
blog BY shauna_sherard ON March 25 - 2 COMMENTS
Our approach to national monuments Posted in West of The Rockies, Rio Grande del Norte
There was a time, a better time, or so they say, when good legislation made it through Congress on its merits. Those days, if they even existed, are long gone replaced with a modern version of political division – one so deep even good ideas easily get the boot.
It's a climate that leaves many... [ READ MORE... ]
blog BY truchacabra ON March 24 - 0 COMMENTS
Rio Grande del Norte at One Year Posted in Rio Grande del Norte
On the morning I heard that President Obama designated the Rio Grande del Norte as a national monument, I had joined about forty people for the annual stocking of Rio Grande cutthroat fingerlings - New Mexico's state fish - in the Rio Grande gorge. My compatriots hadn't yet heard the great news,... [ READ MORE... ]
blog BY truchacabra ON November 20 - 2 COMMENTS
Columbine Hondo and the Ancient New Mexican Posted in Rio Grande del Norte
As a fly fisherman with a weakness for high mountain creeks, I imagine sometimes that whoever designed New Mexico's flag was inspired by her state fish. The Rio Grande cutthroat trout was painted from a more spectacular palette than the flag's simple red and yellow. Panza colorada (red belly), as... [ READ MORE... ]
blog BY truchacabra ON October 31 - 0 COMMENTS
How Renewables Blend With Other Public Lands Issues
This is a great OpEd about how public lands uses compliment each other: hunter access; public lands protection and management; and,... [ READ MORE... ]
video BY Josh Duplechian ON September 27 - 0 COMMENTS
National Public Lands Day - 2013 Posted in Stream Ambassadors, Drift Boats, Conservation, West of The Rockies, Photographers, Colorado TU, Boulder Flycasters - 082, Fly Fishing Film Tour, The Front Porch, Backcountry, Trout Magazine, Climate Change, Idaho Trout Unlimited, Renewable Energy, Wyoming Range, Little Mountain, Thompson Divide, Rio Grande del Norte, Sportsmen Ride Right, The Green River, Alpine Triangle, Dolores River, National Public Lands Day - 2013
National Public Lands Day is Saturday September 28, 2013. Get out to support your public lands.
blog BY walt_gasson ON September 25 - 5 COMMENTS
The fishing place Posted in Conservation, Curt Gowdy - 205, Wyoming - 9WY, Greater Yellowstone Area, Trout Magazine, Utah - 9UT, Wyoming Range, Rio Grande del Norte, Sportsmen Ride Right, The Green River, TU Businesses & Guides
You've always wanted to fish in Patagonia. Admit it – you have. Don't feel like the Lone Ranger, we've all wanted to fish the legendary water of Argentina. You've seen the videos, read about it, and even dreamed about it. It's on your bucket list. So pull it out of the bucket and just go do it. We'... [ READ MORE... ]
blog BY Shauna Sherard_2 ON September 4 - 0 COMMENTS
Healthy rivers for New Mexico Posted in Conservation, Rio Grande del Norte
A few weeks ago, New Mexico's Governor Susana Martinez made the much hailed step of requesting $1.5 million to help troubled streams in her state.
According to the New Mexico Environment Department nearly 30 percent of streams fall short of acceptable water quality, a fact not lost on anglers.
In a... [ READ MORE... ]
blog BY Josh Duplechian ON August 20 - 0 COMMENTS
A Western Governor Invests in Water Posted in Stream Ambassadors, Conservation, West of The Rockies, Backcountry, Climate Change, Rio Grande del Norte
by Toner Mitchell
According to Ryan Flynn, Secretary-Designate of the New Mexico Environment Department, approximately 30 percent of his state's streams fall short of one or more standards for acceptable water quality. Rivers display impairments associated with erosion and associated turbidity,... [ READ MORE... ]
blog BY Josh Duplechian ON April 15 - 0 COMMENTS
Monument Designation in Denver Post Posted in Conservation, West of The Rockies, Backcountry, Rio Grande del Norte
TAOS — The dreamcatcher is a prominent theme around Taos and northern New Mexico, whether as the name of a quaint bed and breakfast in the heart of the Enchanted Circle or the actual Native American charms said to separate good dreams from bad.
Among fishermen along the nearby Rio Grande, the words... [ READ MORE... ]
video BY Josh Duplechian ON March 22 - 0 COMMENTS
Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Posted in Conservation, West of The Rockies, Photographers, The Front Porch, Backcountry, Trout Magazine, Rio Grande del Norte, Sportsmen Ride Right
As you head north out of Santa Fe on US-285 there is a prominent overpass spanning the highway. Stamped deep in its massive upper concrete support beam, in big, bold letters that cover the entire length of the four lane interchange, are the words, "Tierra Sagrada," — "Sacred Land."


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Customer Reviews Summary
(based on 11 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
2 Stars
1 Stars
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Best Uses
Most Liked Positive Review
highest quality, great service
After speaking with my friend, I have to write that the assortment and wine surpassed my hopes that he and his family would enjoy and appreciate the gift. In fact, he couldn't say...Read complete review
After speaking with my friend, I have to write that the assortment and wine surpassed my hopes that he and his family would enjoy and appreciate the gift. In fact, he couldn't say enough great things about the quality of everything that was in the basket. The basket arrived exactly when I wanted and the presentation was impecable. This is a gift that they will talk about to many for a long time and I will definitely refer others to WCGB. The process was quick and easy and the outcome was fantastic!
Most Liked Negative Review
Deliverytotally impractical
Over the Xmas period I have ordered at least 5 gift packages from your web site. All except one have had delivery issues some still remain undeliverd and are potentilally on their way back...Read complete review
Over the Xmas period I have ordered at least 5 gift packages from your web site. All except one have had delivery issues some still remain undeliverd and are potentilally on their way back to you. UPS will not deliver unless the over 21 addressed recepient is available to sign if the gift contains any alcoholic produdt. This is totally impractical at this time of the year and the frustration and confusion that has arisen has ruined what was supposed to be surprise gifts. I appreciate that you do not make these laws and rules but you certainly know about them.SHAME ON YOU FOR NOT MAKING THIS CLEAR.I would not have sent any gift with booze had I known of this requirement.I will be seeking a full refund for items that are returned to you. John Groom
Reviewed by 11 customers
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(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Product great, service is horrible.
By C Bueter
from Cincinnati OH
Comments about Grgich Hills Napa Valley Selection:
At time of purchase order 12/18, delivery was guaranteed for 12/20. West Coast to Los Angeles, thought there should be no problems for 2 day delivery. Delivery was not made on 20th. I called WCGB and was told delivery would be 12/24. Recipient was going out of town for holidays. WCGB took off $12 for the delivery 'confusion'. I even have an email that states delivery for 12/20. Needless to say, I will not be purchasing from this company again.
Comment on this review
Classy gift
By hamptons1078
from Irvington, NY
See all my reviews
My friend loved this and could not thank me enough. It is a classy gift and well presented. Customer service was very helpful when UPS was unable to deliver the gift due to my friend not being home.
My aunt loved it
By Kathymaxdvm
from Redondo beach ca
I sent the basket as my whole family was staying at my aunts for Christmas. It has a great wow factor and presentation. I got to sample the food and wine and was impressed. Everyone loved it. The customer service was amazing. The first basket had a ding in the bucket and they sent an entire new basket. I will definitely order again. Great products and fabulous customer service is a no brainier for me!
(0 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
By MN
from New York
(1 of 6 customers found this review helpful)
By UNHAPPY CUSTOMER
from Ocean City NJ
My friends were really impressed
By Mark
from Tewksbury MA
This was a great idea for a thank you gift. Our friends raved about it. Very impressive
Great gift pack!!
By Pat
from San Carlos, CA
Great service with phone order, ontime delivery.
By endrdh
from FL
The grgich hill wines are all excellent and the variety of snacks was great!
(3 of 7 customers found this review helpful)
Great gift for any occasion
By Mona
from North Potomac, MD
This gift basket was given to a family member for the holidays and he was quite impressed.
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
A winner
By Gifter
from Fl
Customer Service worked hard to get this delivered. Extra follow-up was needed and they stepped right in.


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This item is temporarily out of stock. However, we can notify you as soon as this product becomes available.
Thank you
We have received your request and you will be notified as soon as this product becomes available.
Description: Vintaj Charms & Embellishments are great looking findings not only for jewelry projects, but all crafting needs. Each piece is hand embellished to achieve its rich quality, not plated or chemically treated, and are nickel & lead-free compliant. Lily of The Valley Arte Metal 2pc- Arte Metal Black, lilly of the valley flowers and leaves elegantly twisted. Measures approximately 2.25".
See more Vintaj Charm.
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You're going to love our collection of booties. We do. These awesome shoes are perfect for an evening out, a trip to your favorite coffee shop with your pals, or just about anything else. We have peep-toe wedge booties, cutouts and even booties with stiletto heels so you can look fab in any outfit. Our fashion fanatics are completely committed to finding the hottest styles and shades, and our collection is always rotating so you can stay on the cutting edge in footwear.
From one-piece masterpieces like our Living on the Wedge booties to spectacularly strappy shoes, such as our Strappy Cut-Out ankle boots, there's something for everyone in our collection of bootie heels. You can wear booties with almost anything, from short shorts or a pencil skirt to skinny jeans or harem pants. We have casual, semi-formal and formal booties, which means you can mix and match with several outfits to reinvent your wardrobe. With the right combination, you'll look like you walked straight off a Parisian runway. Even better, all of the bootie heels in our collection are affordable; you can get several pair for the price you'd pay for just one at a big-name department store. That means you can fill up an entire shoe rack with the cutest booties available without breaking the bank – and it means you'll always have fabulous kicks.
Whether simple is your style or you like spectacular attention-grabbing shoes, such as our Fan Out Faux Nubuck lace-up booties or any of our fabulous fringe booties, we have all of your footwear needs covered. From peep-toes to full-coverage, the wedges and bootie heels at GoJane are just what you need to look amazing. We have a huge range of styles, colors and sizes, so finding what you love is a piece of cake.


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UPDATE: News outlets have confirmed that Yauch's death was from cancer. Adam Yauch, the Beastie Boys member who went by the stage name MCA, had long practiced Tibetan Buddhism before his death, which was announced Friday in several …
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Ultima Vez Modificado: 24 de septiembre del 2006
Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
My friend has very recently been diagnosed with a grade 4 Glioblastoma. She begins radiation therapy (XRT) next week on a palliative basis. Is there any evidence that the use of the drug Temodar (temozolomide) would improve her survival, and if there is, what would a course of this drug entail?
Robert Lustig MD FACR, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, responds:
Glioblastoma multiforme is a grade IV (out of IV) astrocytoma, which is a very aggressive primary cancer of the brain. The drug temozolomide, or Temodar, is now part of the standard of care in glioblastoma treatment. It is given daily at a dose of 75 mg/m 2 (based on body size) starting on day one of radiation and continuing until the last day. After a one month rest, temozolomide is then restarted at a higher dose for 5 days, followed by a 3-week rest, and continued in this way until disease progression.
Nov 23, 2012 - Uninsured patients undergoing a craniotomy procedure for a brain tumor have higher in-hospital postoperative mortality rates than insured patients, according to research published in the November issue of the Archives of Surgery.


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Steven Weber knocks Kate Walsh's drink out of her hands and they haven't even started yet!
Kathy gives these pit bulls a second chance.
Kathy pierces Aubrey Plaza's ear.
Kathy tries to find a good home for these dogs.
Kathy loves dogs and decides to open up a rescue in her home.
Allegedly Ozzy Osbourne was running around with 25 hours' worth of energy at the Daytime Emmys.
Hear Kathy's harrowing tale of working with Kirstie Alley.