text:
Some dogs are naturally inclined to dig, and though it is perfectly normal behavior most of the time, it can be troublesome for pet parents who don't particularly care for holes in their yard and furniture.
So why do they do it? Dogs often dig at the ground and circle before lying down, as though they're trying to make a softer resting place. Dogs also dig when trying to get warm or stay cool, to entertain themselves, to bury valued items, and when hunting ground-dwelling animals.
What to Do If Your Dog Digs
• If Your Dog Digs to Keep Cool or Get Comfortable
Dogs living outside in very hot or cold weather often dig holes to sleep in, especially if they don't have access to proper shelter, like an insulated doghouse. Even with a suitable doghouse, some dogs prefer to retreat under a deck and dig a big hole.
• If Your Dog Digs to Entertain Herself
Many dogs dig for the fun of it. This type of digging is the hardest to treat because the action of digging is rewarding in and of itself. To achieve success, rather than attempting to eliminate the behavior, try to redirect your dog's digging to an acceptable place.
• If Your Dog Digs to Bury Her Stuff
The best way to eliminate this type of digging is to refrain from giving your dog treats, food or chew bones that she will not finish immediately. Alternatively, you can build your dog a digging pit and encourage her to bury items there, instead of in your favorite flower bed.
• If Your Dog Digs to Hunt Small Animals
Most dogs love to chase small, fast-moving furry creatures, even if they never actually try to catch them. If your dog digs to pursue small animals like moles, chipmunks and ground squirrels, you can set live traps and humanely remove those animals from your property.
For more information about helping curb your pooch's digging habit, please visit our Virtual Pet Behaviorist.
Is your dog a digger? Tell us in the comments below.
hey thanks for the useful suggestions ... i have recently bought a dog ... who loves to dig a lot .... after reading this post i actually come to know why he loves digging so much.... i am not very much aware about dog's habits so thank you so much ... :)
my dog also has this weird habit of running around unnecessarily .. at times he also gets hurt severely... when he bumps into things ...
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As promised–or was that predicted?–all was quiet on the
Athletics' front during the first full day of the Winter Meetings. Last night the media met with Billy
Beane for their
initial Q&A session with our GM. The A's suite is always full of baseball
personnel, from assistant GM David Forst
and director of baseball operations Farhan Zaidi, to director of player personnel Billy Owens and director of scouting Eric Kubota. Head
athletic trainer Steve (Soupy) Sayles also stopped
by during our session, sporting a new mustache and goatee, prompting Billy to
quip, "Hey, it's Fu Man Soup!"
In observing Billy at Winter
Meetings since I joined the A's, I find him to be highly entertaining and
accommodating to the media even when he really has no hard news to offer
them. That, to me, is an art form. At the same time, Billy is incredibly honest
with his intentions. He told the writers
that we most likely would spend most of our efforts talking with player agents
here who represent free agents, as we are more likely to fill a need taking
this route than via a trade. He admitted
that he is fielding phone calls from other GMs who are inquiring about our
young talent, but he said we really have no intentions of parting with the
lifeblood of our future. Billy also
admitted that he does not see one player putting us over the top, that we have
a number of voids to fill and that he hoped most of those voids will disappear
in time due to the emergence of our young prospects.
Incidentally, you can tune
into MLB Network and Comcast Sports Net Bay Area tonight to see more A's
coverage, as Billy will join Victor Rojas, Dan Plesac and Tom Verducci
on the MLB TV set in the hotel some time after their coverage starts at 3 p.m.
PT (6 p.m. ET), while Billy will also appear on Comcast's Chronicle Live show at 5 p.m. PT tonight. In addition, manager Bob
Geren meets the media
later today in the formal press conference room, so you can expect coverage
from our writers, as well as MLB.com television coverage.
Perhaps the most emotional
part of today came this morning during the MLB PR Meetings when the Baseball
Assistance Team (B.A.T.) made a presentation.
The organization, which was founded in 1986 by a group of former big
league players and is now primarily funded by the MLB players' payroll
deduction program and an annual banquet in New York City, featured one of our
own–the A's long-time director of minor league operations, Ted Polakowski.
For those of us within the
"A's Family," we are well aware and have felt tremendous anguish over the
personal ordeal he and his family endured last year. Ted's wife Cheryl, who served as the team's
administrative assistant at the Papago
Park minor league
complex, was diagnosed with a very aggressive form of cancer during 2009 spring
training. You can only imagine how
devastating the news was, particularly since the Polakowski's have four
children. Ted showed tremendous courage
today in addressing the league's PR people, sharing his story about running up
medical bills of $200,000 or more while Cheryl was receiving experimental
treatments in Mexico. During this nightmarish time, B.A.T. came to
their assistance with much-needed funding support. Sadly, Cheryl passed away, but you could see
in Ted's eyes and voice that he truly felt grateful that Major League Baseball
is, indeed, a "family." That term can
sound trite sometimes, but for the Polakowski's, it had a very deep meaning
that they'll never forget. Ted said he
merely wanted to repay the debt by making sure others connected with Major
League Baseball–not just uniform personnel but also front office employees–were
aware that this assistance is available to everyone in baseball.
New sightings in the hotel lobby: I saw an old
friend, Larry Reynolds, who represents
many Major League players as president of Reynolds Sports Management. He's the brother of MLB Network studio
analyst Harold Reynolds, and we go back to our Stanford days when Larry was a
speedy centerfielder and leadoff hitter for Mark Marquess' Cardinal team and I was a young sports information
director there. Of course, when we
bumped into each other, the discussion was not about player deals, it was about
whether Stanford might lose Jim Harbaugh
to Notre Dame….also a priceless sight for old-school baseball people was
watching Cubs' manager Lou Pinella
holding court with some writers for a good hour, and the irrepressible Tommy Lasorda and Jack McKeon
doing same….meanwhile, Bay Area resident Tony LaRussa
almost runs me over coming out of the elevator this afternoon, asking "where do
I go for the media session?" I was happy
to point him to the room, thinking to myself, "how can someone who just turned
65 look in such great shape?" Must be
either his vegetarian diet or his work with animal shelters. Or perhaps the fact he can scroll Albert Pujols onto his lineup card most days….

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Join DNR-Pollution Prevention Services Nov. 13 for a Strategic Goals Program Workshop entitled "Q & A: RICE Rule, Boiler MACT & Stormwater." This workshop will provide an opportunity to meet with regulators and industry experts in a small setting where questions are welcome to learn about the Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE) rule, the Boiler Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT), and stormwater regulations.
Experts from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, and the Iowa Waste Reduction Center will provide compliance assistance on these requirements. This workshop provides an opportunity to access regulators who will answer your questions on these compliance issues.
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Time: 9:00 A.M. to 3:15 P.M.
Cost: $30 (includes lunch)
A workshop flyer, an agenda and registration form can be accessed here. For more information about this workshop contact Jeff Fiagle at 515/281-5353 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
This workshop is the 14th in a series offered by the Iowa Strategic Goals Program (ISGP). The workshop is open to all Iowa manufacturers and the materials presented will apply to a broad range of industrial processes.
REMINDER: You can access the presentations from previous workshops by clinking on Pollution Prevention Workshops.
This list serve article is intended for consultants, industries, environmental groups, general public, and other entities regulated under the Clean Air Act. It was written by the DNR Air Quality Bureau to share regulatory news, program updates and technical guidance.


text:
*NOTE: This giveaway is now closed…but we will have another one again soon!
Six F Words (And a Giveaway)
*NOTE: This giveaway is now closed…but we will have another one again soon!
Pirate matey is great!
I just love the entire simple life line, so cute
Oh it's hard to choose a favorite! I really do love the Simple Life though….very sweet!
Many great choices! I really like the Sweetest Thing line, especially the birds!
I love how much the Sweetest Thing fabrics reminds me of Charlie and Lola. It is my favorite and my best. (Although I have to admit because I'm a cake decorator that the Sweetcakes line is pretty sweet too.)
I just adore their The Simple Life line. I've been meaning to get some yardage for a while now. Thanks for reminding me!
So many beautiful choices buy my favorite is The Sweetest Thing, cvalascho AT yahoo DOT com
I'm still loving the chevron prints – would love to join the fest but that's not going to happen sadly! Look forward to hearing all about it from you!
I've been wanting to make a quilt for my living room for quite some time, and the Indie Chic cottons line would work REALLY well for that, so I'm picking that as my favorite b/c there are too many awesome prints to choose any other way!
Congrats on the Fabric Fest–sounds like so much fun! I love all the Riley Blake dots…rainbow, solids, ombre, so many choices! Thank you!
i love margurete!! and yes i may be able to make chocolate tractors but there is no way i could teach sewing…let alone to all those people:) you girls rock! i so wish it was not right at the beginning of school…i would be there:) oh geez, i just may join the facebook bandwagon, i said i wouldnt. but i feel like im missing out on something fun:)
Come on Christina….if we can facebook, you totally can!
There are so many cute lines! But I think sweet cakes is my favorite!
There are so many cute lines! But I think sweet cakes is my favorite!
Tough to decide.. I love on the go but I think the Simple Life is my favorite!
It is really tough to pick one favorite out of so many charming collections, but I will have to say The Sweetest Thing. Have a great time at Fabric Fest!
Ooh, Mystique is my favorite!
Fabric Fest sounds amazing. Congratulations!
I love the Good Life line. It makes me smile. Attending those classes would be amazing! You guys will do great.
Since I already have a bunch of the ombre dots, the next RB fabrics that I love are the small cotton chevrons. They are so much fun.
A favorite Riley Blake line? Thats like asking me to choose a favorite child! Its gotta be sweet cakes. No… Happily Ever After. NO! Ombre Dots… wait, no, its On The Go. But Polka Dot Stitches is to cute too… *sigh*
I simply adore the Good Life line! Such fun patterns and designs.
That's awesome, ladies! Congrats on Fabric Fest! As far as fabric…it's a toss up between The Sweetest Thing and Hello Sunshine…too much cuteness!
I just NEED some ombre dots!!
I like Hello Sunshine. But it's really hard to pick; there are so many cute lines!
I love the Little Matryoshka fabrics, too cute.
[email protected]
I love the hello sunshine!
Hard choice! Dots, chevron, On the Go, Ombre….still not sure. I have tried a lot RB fabrics and I think I would choose one I have not had a chance to play around with. Like Ombre cotton or Pirates. Thank you for this great giveaway and congratulations on your adventure at Fabric Fest!
It's so hard to choose! I like the Mystique line.
Come on Christina….if we can facebook, you totally can!
I'm so so sad that there is never anything near the midwest (i'm in iowa) for these types of shows/classes. I have looked and looked for pattern drafting classes in my area with no luck. SOOOO if you ever hear of any, Please please PLEASE pass the information along and I would be forever grateful!
Pick me! Good life cottons! Please! Please! Pretty Please with a cherry on top!
Those Indie Medallions are fabulous!
I have boys, so the pirate matey line would rock in our house
I love the indie line–the colors are so great!
I like super star. cute!
lovelydomesticdiva (at) gmail (dot) com
MMMMMMM… I love the Super Star Cottons
How on earth is anyone supposed to choose a favorite?! I would love the Sweetcakes or Simple Life to make a quilt for my daughter. I can totally see the quilt that would not be too "little kid" for my 15 yr old son made from SuperStar. The Pirate Matey would be awesome for my nephews, or the On the Go or Zoofari would be perfect for a cousin's new little one.
I love anything with polka dots and the chevrons are awesome as well. For me, I guess my top two very favorites are the Little Matryoshka (just so adorable!) and Avignon. (Or maybe Sweetest Thing or Flutter or Mystique or Hello Sunshine.)
I guess what I'm saying is that I would love any of them!
Awesome fabrics! Hard to choose, but loving the simple life and cotton dots ( anything with red and white polka dots and I'm in). Thanks for the chance to win! Fingers and toes crossed…. Heidi
Hmm, so hard to choose a favorite, but I'd say one of these: Indie Chic, Avignon, or Verona.
Thanks for the giveaway!
I love the idea of that Happy Ever After fabric.
I am in love with the Little Matroyshka line. Those colors are to die for! Fabric Fest sounds like the best time. I wish I could go.
Good Morning:
I liked your take on "Words with "F"riends" I check RBD every Wednesday and Friday and I have to say I love the dots and the chevrons, they go with everything. Have a good day.
Miss sue
I really like the Good Life cottons.
I love Riley Blake fabrics!!! I am torn between the large Chevron Cottons collection and the Polka Dot Stitches Cottons collection! Both are so cute!!
Thanks for the awesome giveaway!
The Mystique line looks amazing. Black and white is my favorite!
I am getting ready to make a room for my daughter over the summer and sending a sewing mom with a project to a fabric website is like asking a kid in a candy store to pick just one type! But the fabric series I really like are "Hello Sunshine," "Happily Ever After," and "The Simple Life."
I want it all!! But I guess if I had to choose it would be either the Avignon or the hello sunshine lines. Love it all though!! Thanks for the giveaway!!
I like Avignon and Flutter. Thanks for the chance to win!
I love the Happy Ever After fabrics. thanks for the giveaway!
I love the chevron prints
Thanks for the giveaway, and thanks to the sponsor! I could have a field day with Mystique, but Paris and Company would be fun to work with for my sons.
I love Riley Blake! The simple life is a current favorite, but they're all so good!
I love Riley Blake! The simple life is a current favorite, but they're all so good!
I love the Simple Life!
I love Hello Sunshine… Thanks..
Love love love Riley Blake! My fave right now is the simple life, but life in the jungle is a REAL close 2nd. Thanks for the awesome giveaway.
That Avignon Cotton line is pretty yummy!
And I saw that you were going to be speakers conference – I about died. I so wish I could go!!!! It's going to be amazing.
The chevrons are classic, and I love the meaning behind the Autism Awareness line. But the Matryoshkas are awfully cute, and I really like the laminates. Hard to choose!
Loving Indie Chic currently although it is extremely difficult to choose. So many great fabrics!
I love the simple life! I so want to go to Vegas!!
I love the sweetest things, and the ombre dots and everything else. You girls are awesome!
Happily Ever After! I have had my eye on it forever…or a couple of weeks. Whatever! Love the classic chevrons too!
I love the Hello Sunshine
It was difficult to choose
On The Go is my fave … my two boys would go nuts over it!
Fabric Fest sounds fantastic! Congrats!! Love the happily ever after.
Matroyoshka or happily ever after… but they're all great!
Sweetcakes, is my favorite.
I love the sweetest thing!
The Simple Life or Little Matryoshka
Glad you're loving facebook! Ha, maybe one day I'll rejoin… Oh my, I love ALL the fabric, but I suppose my favorite is the ombre dots.
The Hello Sunshine is so bright and cheery. It reminds me of Spring.
simple life so cute!
Chevrons!! BTW, I am signing up for Fabric Fest and plan on taking your pattern development class! Super excited, gotta get the passport happening
Chevrons!! BTW, I am signing up for Fabric Fest and plan on taking your pattern development class! Super excited, gotta get the passport happening
The pirate matey's is my favorite, especially the pirate ship print.
I love the florals in the Serenata designs collection. Thanks for the giveaway!
It's a close tie between hello sunshine and the sweetest thing but I think the sweetest thing has won! Thanks for the chance Riley Blake have great designs!
Fabric Fest sounds like so much fun! Imagine my surprise when I saw that my sister is teaching a class. Looks like I will be joining the party. My favorite lines are The Sweeting Thing and Hello Sunshine. Such fabulous colors!
I love Happily Ever After.
There are too many cute ones. Pirate matey is a good boy fabric!!
Can I say I love all of them?
my favorite at the moment is the Avignon line…
Love them all, but I'll go with Chevron.
I love the Sweetcakes Cottons and I love that we have met. Thanks for sharing your great projects and fun / crazy stories!
I love the Sweetcakes Cottons and I love that we have met. Thanks for sharing your great projects and fun / crazy stories!
I love the On the Go line. It's so cute! But all of their fabrics are cute. Thanks for the giveaway
I adore Hello Sunshine!
I love The Simple Life!
After much pondering I trimmed it down to the Flutter Cottons collection (but the sew labels are a close second because of the ideas that popped into my head once seeing them). Congrats on your success!
I LOVE the Sweetest Things line! SO cute! Thanks for the great giveaway!!
Love the mystique and cotton dots!!
Love the mystique and cotton dots!!
Riley Blake has the most awesome fabrics. I have been in love with The Sweetest Thing for quite awhile now!!! Love it, love it, love it!!
Cotton Dots – LARGE cotton dots what fun!
I love the Little Matryoshka! So pretty.
Sew label 2. I just made a king size qlt with these labels. It was for my brothers wedding. All the guests signed the quikt. Turned out great! Love those labels!
The Simple Life cottons!!
Tough choice but I love simple life with sweetest thing in close second!
Dots, I love all the dots. One can never have too many dots.
I know it has been out for a long time but Marguerite is my favorite. I would like to make a swoon quilt with it. Thanks for the chance to win and Fabric Fest sounds pretty awesome!!
Marguerite is my favorite! So pretty.
Marguerite is my favorite! So pretty.
I love mystique!!!
Polka Dot Stitches by Lori Holt is so cute!!!! My favorite for today.
I am SO incredibly sad. I couldn't find ANY way to get your class on the list while still getting the other ones on my wish list taken care of. :0( I gotta say, I'm not a fan of the 3 class limit. I'd much rather be in your class then another lecture. Oh well. Hope to still meet everyone. I'm so excited for September!!!
I love polka dot stitches!!
I'm torn between "Hello Sunshine" and "Happily Ever After"… decisions, decisions!
Love the "Flutter"! Thanks for the giveaway opportunity.
[[email protected]]
I LOVE the cotton ombre! And I would so love to win some :D!
I love the Cotton Dots! So many great fabrics for my 4 daughters!
Happy Ever After are adorable!
Love the laminates. Can't get enough!
All their fabrics are awesome. I think Hello Sunshine is really pretty.
I love so many! Oh, the possibilities with those Cotton Dot prints! I do think I have the perfect project for the Indie Chic line though so I guess that is my favorite.
So difficult to choose! I love the Simple Life Cottons, Happy Ever After Cotton, and The Good Life Collections. Thanks for a great giveaway! mfrapp_83 {at} yahoo {dot} com
Just love the Cotton Ombre Dots…so many ideas!!
[email protected]
i love Cotton Ombre lane.love the colors.
I love the hello sunshine. All of the different patterns would be fun to mix and match for my girls.
Willow is so adorable. Would love to make something for my little lady using that design.
it is so hard to pick one because I love them all but if I had to pick one it would probably be "on the go" because my son loves anything with wheels!!
LOVE several of them and can't pick between Serenity and Mystique as my favorite! But then again, my nickname is Sunshine and Hello Sunshine is really great also! I am sure I could come up with a project for any one of them!
I SO Love the FQ-3080-22 Mystique Fat Quarters!! Love this line!
[email protected]
I really like Little Matryoshka. I love the old fashioned look to the patterns. Thanks for the giveaway!
I love all the margeurite ones but half of them are sold out! Wehhhhhhhhhhhhh! I like the Elk Ridge range ^_^ haha so cute & quirky, especially the woodgrain fabric!
My favorite is the vintage looking florals of Marguerite.
In the Jungle would be so much fun, but lots of good choices
Love Indie Chic and Mystique both are so cute.
I love them all, but Maritime Modern in particular.
Comments are closed.


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text: United States Previous: #11 Estonia Next: #13 Bahrain overall score75.5 world rank12 Rule of Law Property Rights80.0 Freedom From Corruption72.0 Limited Government Government Spending48.1 Fiscal Freedom65.8 Regulatory Efficiency Business Freedom89.2 Labor Freedom97.2 Monetary Freedom75.4 Open Markets Trade Freedom86.8 Investment Freedom70.0 Financial Freedom70.0 Embed This Data Create a Comparison Chart See how United States compares to another country using any of the measures in the Index. vs Read more about United States Economy. See more from the 2014 Index. Close Download PDF Quick Facts Population: 314.2 million GDP (PPP): $15.7 trillion 2.2% growth 0.6% 5-year compound annual growth $49,922 per capita Unemployment: 8.1% Inflation (CPI): 2.1% FDI Inflow: $167.6 billion Embed This Data The United States, with an economic freedom score of 75.5, is the 12th freest economy in the 2014 Index. Its score is half a point lower than last year, primarily due to deteriorations in property rights, fiscal freedom, and business freedom. The U.S. is ranked 2nd out of three countries in the North America region, and although its score remains well above the world and regional averages, it is no longer one of the top 10 freest economies.Over the 20-year history of the Index, the U.S.'s economic freedom has fluctuated significantly. During the first 10 years, its score rose gradually, and it joined the ranks of the economically "free" in 2006. Since then, it has suffered a dramatic decline of almost 6 points, with particularly large losses in property rights, freedom from corruption, and control of government spending. The U.S. is the only country to have recorded a loss of economic freedom each of the past seven years. The overall U.S. score decline from 1995 to 2014 is 1.2 points, the fourth worst drop among advanced economies.Substantial expansion in the size and scope of government, including through new and costly regulations in areas like finance and health care, has contributed significantly to the erosion of U.S. economic freedom. The growth of government has been accompanied by increasing cronyism that has undermined the rule of law and perceptions of fairness. Read more about United States Economy. Close Background President Barack Obama won re-election in 2012, but his efforts to expand government spending and regulation have been partially thwarted by the Republican-controlled House of Representatives. The continuing underperformance of the U.S. economy, by far the world's largest, is a serious concern. The Administration's uncertain responses to foreign policy challenges in Libya, Egypt, Syria, and Iran, among others, have reduced U.S. influence in countering tensions in the Middle East. Implementation of the health care law passed in 2010 has hit major snags and appears to be significantly hurting job creation and full-time employment. Partisan disagreements over spending levels led to a partial shutdown of the federal government in late 2013. Rule of LawView Methodology Property Rights 80.0 Create a Graph using this measurement Freedom From Corruption 72.0 Create a Graph using this measurement The expansive use of government regulatory agencies to manage economic activity, particularly in the financial, health care, and energy sectors, has opened the door to increased perceptions of cronyism and corruption. Although property rights are guaranteed and the judiciary functions independently and predictably, protection of property rights has been uneven, raising charges of favoritism. Limited GovernmentView Methodology Government Spending 48.1 Create a Graph using this measurement Fiscal Freedom 65.8 Create a Graph using this measurement The top individual income tax rate has risen to 39.6 percent, and the top corporate tax rate remains at 35 percent. Other taxes include a capital gains tax and excise taxes. The payroll tax holiday expired at the beginning of 2013. The overall tax burden amounts to 25.1 percent of gross domestic income. General government expenditures are slightly over 40 percent of GDP. Total public debt equals over 100 percent of the size of the economy. Regulatory EfficiencyView Methodology Business Freedom 89.2 Create a Graph using this measurement Labor Freedom 97.2 Create a Graph using this measurement Monetary Freedom 75.4 Create a Graph using this measurement Incorporating a business takes five days on average, but the overall cost of meeting regulatory requirements has increased by over $60 billion since 2009, with more than 130 new regulations imposed. The labor market, primarily regulated at the state level, remains flexible. Price distortions, caused by government interventions such as monetary easing and substantial subsidies for agriculture, health care and other welfare programs, have increased. Open MarketsView Methodology Trade Freedom 86.8 Create a Graph using this measurement Investment Freedom 70.0 Create a Graph using this measurement Financial Freedom 70.0 Create a Graph using this measurement The average tariff rate is 1.3 percent. Relatively new non-tariff barriers include restrictions on tomatoes imported from Mexico. Foreign investment in airlines and media is capped, and the regulatory process can be a deterrent to investment. The full effects of the onerous Dodd–Frank bill, passed three years ago, have yet to be felt. A backlog of ongoing rulemakings has prolonged business uncertainty, impeding economic growth. Country's Score Over Time Country Comparisons Regional Ranking rank country overall change 1Canada80.20.8 2United States75.5-0.5 3Mexico66.8-0.2 View all countries ›


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Updated: January 28, 2013 3:44PM
Beverly Arts Center's weekly film series continues at 7:30 p.m. Wednesday at 2407 W. 111th St., Chicago, with "Red Hook Summer."
Directed by Spike Lee, this drama stars Jules Brown, Thomas Jefferson Byrd and Toni Lysaith.
Rated R for brief violence, language and a disturbing situation, the film runs for 2 hours and 1 minute.
Tickets are $7.50.
Information: (773) 445-3838, beverlyartcenter.org.
© 2014 Sun-Times Media, LLC. All rights reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed without permission. For more information about reprints and permissions, visit www.suntimesreprints.com. To order a reprint of this article, click here.


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Wisdom for how we can move and heal our society in our time as the Civil Rights movement galvanized its own. Lucas Johnson is bringing the art and practice of nonviolence into a new century, for new generations. Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons was an original Black Power feminist and a grassroots leader of the Mississippi Freedom Summer.
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is assistant professor of religion at the University of Florida. She is also a member of the National Council of Elders. Her account of her work as an activist in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) is featured in the book, Hands on the Freedom Plow: Personal Accounts by Women in SNCC.
is Southeast & Mid-Atlantic Regional Coordinator of the International Fellowship of Reconciliation. He also serves on its international committee and the board of the Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America.
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Watch a recording of our live video stream with Rev. Lucas Johnson and Dr. Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons at NPR headquarters in Washington, DC. The topic: nonviolence and how social change happens. A riveting hour story and substance.
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After the rally inside of the North Carolina General Assembly building, occupants choosing not to be arrested gather on the sidewalks outside to demonstrate support for those being taken into custody. Protesters were encouraged to shout "thank you" loud enough so that those arrested inside the building can hear them.
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I was in the crm with a lot
I was in the crm with a lot of other white southerners. No one has covered us as a group. I had friends from Alabama and Mississippi who picketed, marched, sat in, sang, and made friends in Chapel HIll, NC. Where we sat in at a crossroads of the two main drags is now half MLK Blvd. Where Joan Baez organized a march from Chapel Hill to Durham is now MLK Blvd. (She rode alongside in a VW). Another is in Eastern NC, near Fayetteville. In Asheville, NC, a white philosophy prof friend, Jim Pait, from Virginia Beach was a head of CORE. His wife left him and moved with a black woman to Roanoke, Va, where they lived together. It never occurred to me people might have thought that strange. My name was April White. A friend, Cordell Black and I used to lock arms and sing, "Black and white togetherrrr". Wonder where he is. He never graduated from UNC. Last time I saw him we were in France. At a party I met a young man who'd grown up a block or two away, but since we went to segregated schools we'd never met, unless playing together as children. I fell in love with him. He seemed to feel the same. He didn't ask for my phone number, and I didn't want to give it to him unless he asked, since he could be killed. So could I. White women were lynched in the South, but I thought of him, not me. At age 18 I picketed a segregated motel by myself, was cursed, spat at, things thrown. Best day of my life. It felt great to do the right thing! Not much. I always loved black people, Grew up with them. Miss them here in segregated NYC. Got the first African American a desk job in my building here. Everyone wasn't ecstatic. The North thinks racism is southern. Up here it's "racial profiling" not racism. Giuliani killed an unarmed black man every few weeks with his well named "street crimes unit" who did the street crime. A neighbor moved back south during Giuliani. Will there ever be an equal society here???? I hope so with all my heart!
Thank you for sharing your
Thank you for sharing your experience. The soul of the United States needs enlightenment and cleaning. May we all be true brothers and sisters.
Amen! While I think Cornel
Amen! While I think Cornel West is a provocative voice in America, agreeing with his more pragmatic approach, questioning if we are romanticizing the CRM [paraphrasing]: "Sanitize. Deodorize. etc. etc." there are areas I would challenge his mantra but it's a better one then the one expressed by the status quo (respectfully). We could start by empowering American educations anthropology and metaphysics re possible solutions' to a dumbed down education that stress our children, teachers, and parents. To be clear, I don't support Common Core but I don't support the attack on parent by some, not all, professionals in faith-based community initiatives. That's not a paradox; it's Christian hypocrisy to say the least.
In Bklyn where I grew up
In Bklyn where I grew up blacks were not allowed in our building.complex. They would picket outside and all the neighbors would say;" the N's are getting restless". I was called an N because I tanned really dark in the summer. I was a child and adults would come up to me and in my face laugh and say"You look just like a N.How do you get so tan? You look like a N." These were adults in Bklyn N.Y.circa 1960 to 1966.
I heard just the tail end of
I heard just the tail end of this story on NPR, but I understand from what I heard that Dr. Johnson is a pacifist. Here is my problem. The underlying assumption is that if we all become pacifists, then that will further world peace. And no peace activists seem to do any empirical study on war and peace to determine what it takes to made the world more peaceful--they only seem to make assumptions-- i.e.: persuade more people to be pacifists, encourage "social justice" and "tolerance", ban gun ownership, for example. And, most disturbing:, "peace" is defined by the American peace movement as no American troops engaged in wars outside the U.S. For example, the peace movement is relatively silent now that American troops are out of Iraq and are leaving Afghanistan. The peace movement, then, appears to be based on assumptions, and, with all due respect, a certain smugness and xenophobia. I did a study a few years ago of the political violence world wide since 1946 , taking the statistics from the Center for Systemic Peace ( their website is online). Here is what I found: the number of deaths from political violence worldwide spiked in 1980, were reduced somewhat during the 1980's, increased somewhat in the 1990's (remember Rwanda and Kosovo?), and was sharply reduced in the first decade of the 21st century. I calculated that in 1980, there were 17 deaths per 100,000 worldwide, and between 2001-2007, there was less than one death per 100,000 worldwide. World Peace, by empirical measurement, was essentially achieved during the years of the Bush administration--just the opposite from what peace activists assume. I am concerned that with the violence on the African continent and the Middle East, that the statistics are rising again. But, as I said above, the peace movement is basically silent. Achieving world peace is difficult work, but the difficult work of determining what it actually takes to achieve world peace does not seem to have ever been done by peace activists. It would be good for the intellectuals in the peace movement to set aside assumptions, and to do scientific study of war and peace--even if it explodes some myths, and makes peace activists uncomfortable. After all, world peace is an incredibly important goal, and comfortable assumptions are not deserving of such a noble goal.
This is not my field of study
This is not my field of study but, I smell logic error. First, extrapolating from one table that the world became more "peaceful" under former President Bush seems dubious. Further, suggesting that such a supposed outbreak of peace was fallout from his policies is, at minimum, unsubstantiated. Also, simply labeling the statements of others as "myths" doesn't prove the point.
I didn't say that the
I didn't say that the reduction in war was caused by President Bush. You can never prove cause and effect by demonstrating two events happened at the same time. It is a logical fallacy that many people fall into. I was merely trying to point out that the peace movement has never done any empirical research that I know of to determine what causes peace or war; they merely make what I would call incredible leaps of faith, that , in my observation, only result in "peace" demonstrations when American soldiers go to war, and vague articles about tolerance and other platitudes that are not particularly effective . If one is serious about peace, then one ought to study both war and peace. And I think the provocative statistics from the Center for Systemic Peace might be a start--not a conclusion.
I think you're addressing
I think you're addressing similar observation raised at 40. minutes (I commented prior and mistakenly cited 42.). My verge from context that question is the peace movement has become silenced would be re the ban of weapons. Although, my observation of why banning guns need to be thought through is understandable. We have a growing rate of uneducated populace. I don't see raising the question of gun ban as one advocating violence. More that what we need further understanding about is this is not a white or black issues; it's a race issue the is mutually shared by a up-tick trend in young men. I think material condition that empower people to experience their unique human dignity and the different ways their able to express and contribute is increasingly a form of oppression by the very groups skilled in meaningless rhetoric and group think. In contrast, the people who are experientially more skilled in group think--See: Thinking Fast Thinking Slow--are better skilled from embodied cognition in their pragmatic experience of daily life and could teach the leader promoting self-sufficiency. I don't writing this with joy; on the contrary to challenge leadership in their efforts, knowing they work very hard. I would suggest not effectively in the year 2014.
I thank the woman who at 42.
I thank the woman who at 42. minutes articulately and directly addressed "context" in the year 2014. It's not often I hear clarity re organized collaboration in continued efforts for human equality. Thank you for your frankness and well done!
One of the guests is a Sufi?
One of the guests is a Sufi? As in Muslim? Wow! Had that not been mentioned during the question segment,that would not have been mentioned at all?
I'm an atheist mystic
I'm an atheist mystic Buddhista - at times. When I listen to Bach, especially the B Minor Mass, I'm Christian. Best thing I ever heard on radio was The Jerusalem Project. Couldn't tell if it was Sephardic Jewish, Arabic, or some kind of Christian. Turned out to be all three. All marvelous! And no record of it. No cd, no download. Why not? I want to grab it and hold it. It sort of bothers me that Dr Cornell West, a hero of mine, has become angry with Obama, not seeing the other side. Obama hasn't started a war that hadn't already been there. He got US out of Iraq, which is now falling apart. Put together by a British woman with Shia, Sunnis, and Kurds. Hopefully we'll leave Afghanistan as well. A good book is "Violent Politics" by William Polk, about how counterinsurgencies only work on your own soil; begins with our revolution. Yes, I hate the drones and see them as counterproductive. But does Dr West's anger increase or decrease the negativity? That's a genuine question. I don't know the answer. I feel better when I love than when i hate. The Dalai Lama says "Kindness is my religion." And "if you see someone coming towards you with a gun, turn around and run away as fast as you can!" Who am I to judge.
Thanks for putting the focus
Thanks for putting the focus on the real story - what happened on the ground of the civil rights movement. I have just written a chronicle of the movement in Chicago to give long over due attention to the grass root leaders who made the difference. To Dick Gregory who got arrested for leading a group of marchers to Mayor Daley's home neighborhood to protest defacto segregation in housing; to Al Raby who gave up his position as a school teacher to lead the Chicago Coalition of Community Organizations; to Tim Black Jr who organized demonstrations that convinced major corporations that the time had come to stop discriminating and to start hiring minorities; to Alex Poinsett who from his post at Ebony became the Thomas Paine of the Movement; and to the Rev Al Pitcher who served as "guy Friday", willing to undertake any chore that needed to be done. These individuals (plus Jesse Jackson who needs no introduction) created a movement that convinced Rev Martin Luther King that when it was time (1965-66) to take SCLC to the North that Chicago was the right city.
It is so interesting that
It is so interesting that you started this podcast with a comment about our sanitizing of the civil rights movement. When I gave a children's sermon this Sunday on Martin Luther King Jr and asked the children why we remember him, their responses all had to do with his speeches. They did not know about the struggle, the threats that he and his family received, the true sacrifice and danger that people involved in civil rights experienced. I wonder if they can truly understand the Civil Rights movement then and the Human Rights movement that we still need if they only understand the "pretty" parts. Thank you for raising this question.


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Funeral service will be at 11 a.m. Saturday, August 24, 2013, at Gunn Funeral Home Chapel in Little Rock, Ark., with Pastor Randy Maxwell officiating. Burial will follow in Almoano Cemetery in Little Rock, Ark.
She is survived by her husband, Carl Nelson, father, Lewis Varderman Sr., and sister, Tiffany Brown, all of Little Rock, Ark.; brothers, Lewis, Tracie, Kavin and Ahmad, all of Little Rock, Ark.; aunts, uncles and cousins.


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Israel is called to seek the Lord. (1-6) Earnest exhortations to repentance. (7-17) Threatenings respecting idolatries. (18-27)
Verses 1-6 The convincing, awakening word must be heard and heeded, as well as words of comfort and peace; for whether we hear or forbear, the word of God shall take effect. The Lord still proclaims mercy to men, but they often expect deliverance from such self-invented forms as make their condemnation sure. While they refuse to come to Christ and to seek mercy in and by him, that they may live, the fire of Divine wrath breaks forth upon them. Men may make an idol of the world, but will find it cannot protect.
Verses 7-17 The same almighty power can, for repenting sinners, easily turn affliction and sorrow into prosperity and joy, and as easily turn the prosperity of daring sinners into utter darkness. Evil times will not bear plain dealing; that is, evil men will not. And these men were evil men indeed, when wise and good men thought it in vain even to speak to them. Those who will seek and love that which is good, may help to save the land from ruin. It behoves us to plead God's spiritual promises, to beseech him to create in us a clean heart, and to renew a right spirit within us. The Lord is ever ready to be gracious to the souls that seek him; and then piety and every duty will be attended to. But as for sinful Israel, God's judgments had often passed by them, now they shall pass through them.
Verses 18-27 Woe unto those that desire the day of the Lord's judgments, that wish for times of war and confusion; as some who long for changes, hoping to rise upon the ruins of their country! but this should be so great a desolation, that nobody could gain by it. The day of the Lord will be a dark, dismal, gloomy day to all impenitent sinners. When God makes a day dark, all the world cannot make it light. Those who are not reformed by the judgments of God, will be pursued by them; if they escape one, another stands ready to seize them. A pretence of piety is double iniquity, and so it will be found. The people of Israel copied the crimes of their forefathers. The law of worshipping the Lord our God, is, Him only we must serve. Professors thrive so little, because they have little or no communion with God in their duties. They were led captive by Satan into idolatry, therefore God caused them to go into captivity among idolaters.
Amos 5:1-27 . ELEGY OVER THE PROSTRATE KINGDOM: RENEWED EXHORTATIONS TO REPENTANCE: GOD DECLARES THAT THE COMING DAY OF JUDGMENT SHALL BE TERRIBLE TO THE SCORNERS WHO DESPISE IT: CEREMONIAL SERVICES ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE TO HIM WHERE TRUE PIETY EXISTS NOT: ISRAEL SHALL THEREFORE BE REMOVED FAR EASTWARD.
1. lamentation--an elegy for the destruction coming on you. Compare Ezekiel 32:2 , "take up," namely, as a mournful burden ( Ezekiel 19:1 , 27:2 ).
2. virgin of Israel--the Israelite state heretofore unsubdued by foreigners. Compare Isaiah 23:12 , Jeremiah 18:13 , Jeremiah 31:4 Jeremiah 31:21 , Lamentations 2:13 ; may be interpreted, Thou who wast once the "virgin daughter of Zion." Rather, "virgin" as applied to a state implies its beauty, and the delights on which it prides itself, its luxuries, power, and wealth [CALVIN].
no more rise--in the existing order of things: in the Messianic dispensation it is to rise again, according to many prophecies. Compare 2 Kings 6:23 , 24:7 , for the restricted sense of "no more."
forsaken upon her land--or, "prostrated upon," &c. (compare Ezekiel 29:5 , 32:4 ) [MAURER].
3. went out by a thousand--that is, "the city from which there used to go out a thousand" equipped for war. "City" is put for "the inhabitants of the city," as in Amos 4:8 .
shall leave . . . hundred--shall have only a hundred left, the rest being destroyed by sword and pestilence ( Deuteronomy 28:62 ).
4. Seek ye me, and ye shall live--literally, "Seek . . . Me, and live." The second imperative expresses the certainty of "life" (escape from judgment) resulting from obedience to the precept in the first imperative. If they perish, it is their own fault; God would forgive, if they would repent ( Isaiah 55:3 Isaiah 55:6 ).
5. seek not Beth-el--that is, the calves at Beth-el.
Beer-sheba--in Judah on the southern frontier towards Edom. Once "the well of the oath" by Jehovah, ratifying Abraham's covenant with Abimelech, and the scene of his calling on "the Lord, the everlasting God" ( Genesis 21:31 Genesis 21:33 ), now a stronghold of idolatry ( Amos 8:14 ).
Gilgal shall surely go into captivity--a play on similar sounds in the Hebrew, Gilgal, galoh, yigleh: "Gilgal (the place of rolling) shall rolling be rolled away."
Beth-el shall come to naught--Beth-el (that is, the "house of God"), called because of its vain idols Beth-aven (that is, "the house of vanity," or "naught," Hosea 4:15 , Hosea 10:5 Hosea 10:8 ), shall indeed "come to naught."
6. break out like fire--bursting through everything in His way. God is "a consuming fire" ( Deuteronomy 4:24 , Isaiah 10:17 , Lamentations 2:3 ).
the house of Joseph--the kingdom of Israel, of which the tribe of Ephraim, Joseph's son, was the chief tribe (compare Ezekiel 37:16 ).
none to quench it in Beth-el--that is, none in Beth-el to quench it; none of the Beth-el idols on which Israel so depended, able to remove the divine judgments.
7. turn judgment to wormwood--that is, pervert it to most bitter wrong. As justice is sweet, so injustice is bitter to the injured. "Wormwood" is from a Hebrew root, to "execrate," on account of its noxious and bitter qualities.
leave on righteousness in . . . earth--MAURER translates, "cast righteousness to the ground," as in Isaiah 28:2 , Daniel 8:12 .
8. the seven stars--literally, the heap or cluster of seven larger stars and others smaller ( Job 9:9 , 38:31 ). The former whole passage seems to have been in Amos mind. He names the stars well known to shepherds (to which class Amos belonged), Orion as the precursor of the tempests which are here threatened, and the Pleiades as ushering in spring.
shadow of death--Hebraism for the densest darkness.
calleth for the waters of the sea--both to send deluges in judgment, and the ordinary rain in mercy ( 1 Kings 18:44 ).
9. strengtheneth the spoiled--literally, "spoil" or "devastation": hence the "person spoiled." WINER, MAURER, and the best modern critics translate, "maketh devastation (or destruction) suddenly to arise," literally, "maketh it to gleam forth like the dawn." Ancient versions support English Version. The Hebrew is elsewhere used, to make, to shine, to make glad: and as English Version here ( Psalms 39:13 ), "recover strength."
the spoiled shall come--"devastation," or "destruction shall come upon" [MAURER]. English Version expresses that, strong as Israel fancies herself after the successes of Jeroboam II ( 2 Kings 14:25 ), even the weakest can be made by God to prevail against the strong.
10. him that rebuketh in the gate--the judge who condemns their iniquity in the place of judgment ( Isaiah 29:21 ).
abhor him that speaketh uprightly--the prophet telling them the unwelcome truth: answering in the parallelism to the judge, "that rebuketh in the gate" (compare 1 Kings 22:8 , Proverbs 9:8 , 12:1 , Jeremiah 36:23 ).
11. burdens of wheat--burdensome taxes levied in kind from the wheat of the needy, to pamper the lusts of the great [HENDERSON]. Or wheat advanced in time of scarcity, and exacted again at a burdensome interest [RABBI SALOMON].
built houses . . . but not dwell in them . . . vineyards, . . . but not drink wine of them--according to the original prophecy of Moses ( Deuteronomy 28:30 Deuteronomy 28:38 Deuteronomy 28:39 ). The converse shall be true in restored Israel ( Amos 9:14 , Isaiah 65:21 Isaiah 65:22 ).
12. they afflict . . . they take--rather, "(ye) who afflict . . . take."
bribe--literally, a price with which one who has an unjust cause ransoms himself from your sentence ( 1 Samuel 12:3 , Margin; Proverbs 6:35 ).
turn aside the poor in the gate--refuse them their right in the place of justice ( Amos 2:7 , Isaiah 29:21 ).
13. the prudent--the spiritually wise.
shall keep silence--not mere silence of tongue, but the prudent shall keep himself quiet from taking part in any public or private affairs which he can avoid: as it is "an evil time," and one in which all law is set at naught. Ephesians 5:16 refers to this. Instead of impatiently agitating against irremediable evils, the godly wise will not cast pearls before swine, who would trample these, and rend the offerers ( Matthew 7:6 ), but will patiently wait for God's time of deliverance in silent submission ( Psalms 39:9 ).
14. and so--on condition of your "seeking good."
shall be with you, as ye have spoken--as ye have boasted; namely, that God is with you, and that you are His people ( Micah 3:11 ).
15. Hate . . . evil . . . love . . . good--( Isaiah 1:16 Isaiah 1:17 , Romans 12:9 ).
judgment in the gate--justice in the place where causes are tried.
it may be that the Lord . . . will be gracious--so, "peradventure" ( Exodus 32:30 ). Not that men are to come to God with an uncertainty whether or no He will be gracious: the expression merely implies the difficulty in the way, because of the want of true repentance on man's part, so as to stimulate the zealous earnestness of believers in seeking God (compare Genesis 16:2 , Joel 2:14 , Acts 8:22 ).
the remnant of Joseph--(see Amos 5:6 ). Israel (represented by "Ephraim," the leading tribe, and descendant of Joseph) was, as compared to what it once was, now but a remnant, Hazael of Syria having smitten all the coasts from Jordan eastward, Gilead and Bashan, Gad, Reuben, and Manasseh ( 2 Kings 10:32 2 Kings 10:33 ) [HENDERSON]. Rather, "the remnant of Israel that shall have been left after the wicked have been destroyed" [MAURER].
16. Therefore--resumed from Amos 5:13 . God foresees they will not obey the exhortation ( Amos 5:14 Amos 5:15 ), but will persevere in the unrighteousness stigmatized ( Amos 5:7 Amos 5:10 Amos 5:12 ).
the Lord--JEHOVAH.
the God of hosts, the Lord--an accumulation of titles, of which His lordship over all things is the climax, to mark that from His judgment there is no appeal.
streets . . . highways--the broad open spaces and the narrow streets common in the East.
call the husbandman to mourning--The citizens shall call the inexperienced husbandmen to act the part usually performed by professional mourners, as there will not be enough of the latter for the universal mourning which prevails.
such as are skilful of lamentation--professional mourners hired to lead off the lamentations for the deceased; alluded to in Ecclesiastes 12:5 ; generally women ( Jeremiah 9:17-19 ).
17. in all vineyards . . . wailing--where usually songs of joy were heard.
pass through thee--taking vengeance ( Exodus 12:12 Exodus 12:23 , Nahum 1:12 ). "Pass over" and "pass by," on the contrary, are used of God's forgiving ( Exodus 12:23 , Micah 7:18 ; compare Amos 7:8 ).
18. Woe unto you who do not scruple to say in irony, "We desire that the day of the Lord would come," that is, "Woe to you who treat it as if it were a mere dream of the prophets" ( Isaiah 5:19 , Jeremiah 17:15 , Ezekiel 12:22 ).
to what end is it for you!--Amos taking their ironical words in earnest: for God often takes the blasphemer at his own word, in righteous retribution making the scoffer's jest a terrible reality against himself. Ye have but little reason to desire the day of the Lord; for it will be to you calamity, and not joy.
19. As if a man did flee . . . a lion, and a bear met him--Trying to escape one calamity, he falls into another. This perhaps implies that in Amos 5:18 their ironical desire for the day of the Lord was as if it would be an escape from existing calamities. The coming of the day of the Lord would be good news to us, if true: for we have served God (that is, the golden calves). So do hypocrites flatter themselves as to death and judgment, as if these would be a relief from existing ills of life. The lion may from generosity spare the prostrate, but the bear spares none (compare Job 20:24 , Isaiah 24:18 ).
leaned . . . on the wall--on the side wall of the house, to support himself from falling. Snakes often hid themselves in fissures in a wall. Those not reformed by God's judgments will be pursued by them: if they escape one, another is ready to seize them.
21. I hate, I despise--The two verbs joined without a conjunction express God's strong abhorrence.
your feast days--yours; not Mine; I do not acknowledge them: unlike those in Judah, yours are of human, not divine institution.
I will not smell--that is, I will take no delight in the sacrifices offered ( Genesis 8:21 , Leviticus 26:31 ).
in your solemn assemblies--literally, "days of restraint." Isaiah 1:10-15 is parallel. Isaiah is fuller; Amos, more condensed. Amos condemns Israel not only on the ground of their thinking to satisfy God by sacrifices without obedience (the charge brought by Isaiah against the Jews), but also because even their external ritual was a mere corruption, and unsanctioned by God.
22. meat offerings--flour, &c. Unbloody offerings.
peace offerings--offerings for obtaining from God peace and prosperity. Hebrew, "thank offerings."
23. Take . . . away from me--literally, "Take away, from upon Me"; the idea being that of a burden pressing upon the bearer. So Isaiah 1:14 , "They are a trouble unto Me (literally, 'a burden upon Me'): I am weary to bear them."
the noise of thy songs--The hymns and instrumental music on sacred occasions are to Me nothing but a disagreeable noise.
I will not hear--Isaiah substitutes "prayers" ( Isaiah 1:15 ) for the "songs" and "melody" here; but, like Amos, closes with "I will not hear."
24. judgment--justice.
run down--literally, "roll," that is, flow abundantly ( Isaiah 48:18 ). Without the desire to fulfil righteousness in the offerer, the sacrifice is hateful to God ( 1 Samuel 15:22 , Psalms 66:18 , Hosea 6:6 , Micah 6:8 ).
25, 26. Have ye offered? &c.--Yes: ye have. "But (all the time with strange inconsistency) ye have borne (aloft in solemn pomp) the tabernacle (that is, the portable shrine, or model tabernacle: small enough not to be detected by Moses; compare Acts 19:24 ) of your Molech" (that idol is "your" god; I am not, though ye go through the form of presenting offerings to Me). The question, "Have ye," is not a denial (for they did offer in the wilderness to Jehovah sacrifices of the cattle which they took with them in their nomad life there, Exodus 24:4 , Numbers 7:1-89 , 9:1 , &c.), but a strong affirmation (compare 1 Samuel 2:27 1 Samuel 2:28 , Jeremiah 31:20 , Ezekiel 20:4 ). The sin of Israel in Amos' time is the very sin of their forefathers, mocking God with worship, while at the same time worshipping idols (compare Ezekiel 20:39 ). It was clandestine in Moses' time, else he would have put it down; he was aware generally of their unfaithfulness, though not knowing the particulars ( Deuteronomy 31:21 Deuteronomy 31:27 ).
Molech . . . Chiun--"Molech" means "king" answering to Mars [BENGEL]; the Sun [JABLONSKI]; Saturn, the same as "Chiun" [MAURER]. The Septuagint translates "Chiun" into Remphan, as Stephen quotes it ( Acts 7:42 Acts 7:43 ). The same god often had different names. Molech is the Ammonite name; Chiun, the Arabic and Persian name, written also Chevan. In an Arabic lexicon Chiun means "austere"; so astrologers represented Saturn as a planet baleful in his influence. Hence the Phoenicians offered human sacrifices to him, children especially; so idolatrous Israel also. Rimmon was the Syrian name ( 2 Kings 5:18 ); pronounced as Remvan, or "Remphan," just as Chiun was also Chevan. Molech had the form of a king; Chevan, or Chiun, of a star [GROTIUS]. Remphan was the Egyptian name for Saturn: hence the Septuagint translator of Amos gave the Egyptian name for the Hebrew, being an Egyptian. [HODIUS II, De Bibliorum Textibus Originalibus. 4.115]. The same as the Nile, of which the Egyptians made the star Saturn the representative [HARENBERG]. BENGEL considers Remphan or Rephan akin to Teraphim and Remphis, the name of a king of Egypt. The Hebrews became infected with Sabeanism, the oldest form of idolatry, the worship of the Saba or starry hosts, in their stay in the Arabian desert, where Job notices its prevalence ( Job 31:26 ); in opposition, in Amos 5:27 , Jehovah declares Himself "the God of hosts."
the star of your god--R. ISAAC CARO says all the astrologers represented Saturn as the star of Israel. Probably there was a figure of a star on the head of the image of the idol, to represent the planet Saturn; hence "images" correspond to "star" in the parallel clause. A star in hieroglyphics represents God ( Numbers 24:17 ). "Images" are either a Hebraism for "image," or refer to the many images made to represent Chiun.
27. beyond Damascus--In Acts 7:43 it is "beyond Babylon," which includes beyond Damascus. In Amos time, Damascus was the object of Israel's fear because of the Syrian wars. Babylon was not yet named as the place of their captivity. Stephen supplies this name. Their place of exile was in fact, as he states, "beyond Babylon," in Halah and Habor by the river Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes ( 2 Kings 17:6 ; compare here Amos 1:5 , 4:3 , 6:14 ). The road to Assyria lay through "Damascus." It is therefore specified, that not merely shall they be carried captives to Damascus, as they had been by Syrian kings ( 2 Kings 10:32 2 Kings 10:33 , 13:7 ), but, beyond that, to a region whence a return was not so possible as from Damascus. They were led captive by Satan into idolatry, therefore God caused them to go captive among idolaters. Compare 2 Kings 15:29 , 16:9 , Isaiah 8:4 , whence it appears Tiglath-pileser attacked Israel and Damascus at the same time at Ahaz' request ( Amos 3:1 ).


text: "1364 The open cut excavation for the Arizona spillway. The top-heading for the spillway raise has been holed through and can be seen on the spillway face. July 20th, 1932. 1312 Electric shovels used for tunnel excavation are being used in handling muck in the spillway open cut. July 14th, 1932. 1377 Another view of the Arizona spillway open-cut excavation. Trucks, shovel and other equipment are being withdrawn for a blast on the bench in the background. July 21, 1932."