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Hudson Legal, a DTI Company, is an eDiscovery solutions provider with a track record of delivering a comprehensive portfolio of end-to-end eDiscovery solutions, managed review and legal staffing services to private practice and corporate entities. What sets us apart are our unique eDiscovery technology platform partnerships with multiple providers. The vast majority of our sales, recruiting and management team is bar-certified and licensed to practice. Our team members include law school graduates from such reputable tier-one institutions.
In the wake of Legal Tech 2013, many of us were left digesting a host of new service providers and old service providers claiming to offer everything under the sun. Now, is a good time to reflect on how we manage eDiscovery needs, what solutions work, and how your company or firm embraces technology assisted review (TAR) solutions. In a world of ever-expanding volumes of data and an increasing frequency of matters that involve eDiscovery, it is rare that you find cases without some form of electronically stored information (ESI).
Given the consolidation and churn in the eDiscovery market, how do you pick the best solution for your eDiscovery matter? It comes down to a few simple questions.
The type of matter and government or legal entity that will ultimately receive your production should be a paramount concern in deciding on the appropriate tool for a matter. The SEC, FTC, DOJ and even certain districts have preferred tools and formats for production. Producing in the preferred format and suite of solutions eliminates potential conflicts and smooths the overall process of specific government investigations or litigation. The SEC & FIRNA for example have Recommind as in-house tools, while the DOJ is a Kroll Ontrack shop just to name a few examples. Having an optimized tool in your arsenal for specific agencies strengthens your platform and ultimately your case.
Time is a major factor when vetting TAR tools and workflows. If you are in the rocket docket, or working within the 45 day HSR window, traditional eyes on every document approach may be time and cost prohibitive. Leveraging a tool that prioritizes review, takes advantage of predictive coding decisions or automated review may serve as an ideal, time saving solution. However, a complex review with highly technical documents, high level of images or complex spreadsheets may lend itself less readily to the TAR tools on the market. The shorter the time frame and the larger the volume of data, the more attractive non-linear solutions become.
Traditional eyes on every document can be done in any case, but the greater the volume of data, the more you will have to spend. Analytics allow practitioners to leverage technology to create efficiency in the review process and reduce the number of documents that need to by evaluated by a human while still remaining a defensible solution.
In the past, practitioners came up against the "pick two" scenarios, where they could have a fast, accurate or inexpensive review, but not all three. Prudent application of analytics (for culling, batching, prioritization, advanced searching, clustering, suggestive coding or automated analysis) bridges the gap and allows for a practitioner to get all three options via technology in conjunction with human analysis. Now the scenario is pick 3 out of 4: fast, accurate, inexpensive and familiar (safe).
Which TAR tool you select is contingent on how much, if at all, you plan to leverage analytics. Consider the following car analogy. If you want to drive fast and maneuver stealthily through traffic, and get noticed, then a sports car is right for you. However, if you are looking to stay under speed limit and drive in a less than sporty manner, many of the benefits of a sport scar go to waste. This is my impression of many of the bleeding edge technology solutions. Are they sexy, fast and high risk/reward propositions? Absolutely! Can they function like other linear solutions? Yep! But if that is how you plan to run a review then you are not best optimizing the tool and could get the job done with a more mainstream solution.
This is why no one tool fits every situation. Sometimes you need a workhorse, a safe and reliable tool to get a job done and sometimes you need something more nuanced with technology that can be leveraged to achieve greater accuracy, speed and cost savings. Neither solution is the right answer every time. As a practitioner in the eDiscovery space it is incumbent upon you and your team and your advisers to know the options along the TAR spectrum and when to leverage which tool from your toolbox.
Every company under the sun claims their solution is the best; the metaphorical easy button for every situation. Anyone who has been working in eDiscovery for more than a moment knows this simply is not the case. What works for the rapid turnaround time and road culling requirements of an HSR matter is not necessarily going to be the same solution that works for an ERISA matter looking for the proverbial needle (email) in the haystack. If resources and time are limited, leveraging advanced technology is a great option. If reviewing the opposing side's production eyes on every document may not make fiscal sense. However, in a highly contentious case without tight deadlines and where your client is risk adverse, a big familiar name may make much more sense. The more you know about what you are looking to get out of your review resources, the easier it is to find the appropriate tool along the spectrum of technology assisted solutions.
Looking past the review platform in selecting the managed review partner that best suits your case, be sure that they can support your needs across the TAR and Linear solutions. Make sure your partner can provide you with expert management in Relativity, TAR or other Household names like Kroll. This flexibility is key; otherwise you may end up stuck with a Managed review provider trying to tout their one trick pony as the best solution in every case.
Hudson realized early that our clients needs vary… matter-by-matter, case-by-case. And that is why we chose to take a diversified portfolio approach to our partnerships. We embraced TAR without forsaking traditional eDiscovery staffing and management because the legal practice needs a variety of solutions. If you are interested in learning more about our solution suite see the following press releases.
Kroll Ontrack
Recommind eDiscovery Counsel, Drew Lewis, points out that that the EORBH, Inc. v. HOA Holdings case is taking place in arguably the most important business court in the country.
Below is an excerpt of his blog post.
"Tucked away on page 66 of a 68-page transcript from a hearing on a motion for summary judgment in arguably the most important business court in the country, the message was clear: predictive coding is going mainstream. EORHB, Inc. v. HOA Holdings, or "The Hooters Case" as it will be more easily recognized, provided an unlikely vehicle for a case to rock the eDiscovery world. After pages of discussion surrounding indemnity clauses, releases, and how different subsections of the underlying contract operate, Vice Chancellor J. Travis Laster jumped into the deep waters of predictive coding. In a bold bit of jurisprudence, Judge Laster advised the parties. Why don't you all talk about a scheduling order for the litigation on the counterclaims. This seems to me to be an ideal non-expedited case in which the parties would benefit from using predictive coding. I would like you all, if you do not want to use predictive coding, to show cause why this is not a case where predictive coding is the way to go."
"Tucked away on page 66 of a 68-page transcript from a hearing on a motion for summary judgment in arguably the most important business court in the country, the message was clear: predictive coding is going mainstream. EORHB, Inc. v. HOA Holdings, or "The Hooters Case" as it will be more easily recognized, provided an unlikely vehicle for a case to rock the eDiscovery world. After pages of discussion surrounding indemnity clauses, releases, and how different subsections of the underlying contract operate, Vice Chancellor J. Travis Laster jumped into the deep waters of predictive coding. In a bold bit of jurisprudence, Judge Laster advised the parties.
Why don't you all talk about a scheduling order for the litigation on the counterclaims. This seems to me to be an ideal non-expedited case in which the parties would benefit from using predictive coding. I would like you all, if you do not want to use predictive coding, to show cause why this is not a case where predictive coding is the way to go."
Visit Recommind's The Core Perspective blog to read the entire post.
Read more about Hudson Legal's partnership with Recommind.
Since the spectrum of solutions and the ambiguity in the advanced analytics space requires dedicated and concerted study, it can seem like a daunting and uninviting space to enter. But, like it or not, it is increasingly relevant in an array of practices. You might be reading this and shaking your head, thinking "really, you think a corner office partner will sit through webinars and read about analytics and algorithms. Most people go into the practice of law to avoid math!" While it would be great to have rainmakers and general counsel fully educated on all the changing case law and technology in this space, it isn't practical. So, how do you bridge the intellectual gap? One solution is to build a world-class team of discovery savvy lower to mid level assets at your firm or company.
As I have previously discussed in "The ESI Maven: A New Breed of ESI Practitioner" and "Emergence of the eDiscovery Knowledge Worker," there is an entire swath of professionals who have grown up in the post eDiscovery legal space. The key in a large firm or corporation, is to build an internal coalition of employee resources who understand the alternative workflows, technical nuances and implications of technology-assisted review, or a team of vendor companies. Perhaps, instead of a team, you have a key person who is dedicated to eDiscovery and solutions with a greater reliance on the expertise and support of a more hands-on external vendor.
This group of people, or single person, may not currently exist within your firm, or the people with those titles may not be up to the task. However, there is the option to train and retain or invest in replacing unqualified personnel. A case is only as strong as the facts that support it. Without leveraging technological advancements, it is like showing up to a modern day battlefield on a horse with a bayonet. The playing field is only as level as your technology makes it today.
Firms with employees who are not fully versed in technology-leveraged solutions should have them meet with the various vendors to request demonstrations. But, firm leadership must take the training past the pretty user interface and educate personnel to be well-versed on the case law supporting the applications discussed as well as the technology. Vendors want to work with you, so make them work to help develop you team's knowledge. Direct your team to take advantage of lunch & learns, webinars, white papers, blogs and vendor written articles. Support attendance to relevant classes or conferences and encourage involvement in technology-focused groups (like Women in eDiscovery).
If a concern is loss of billable time due to this effort, then select a single member of your team to go out into the vanguard, gather this information and knowledge, and task that person with educating the team. Any time and money spent on truly educating your teams on the correct use of these tools, the case law and technology that each tool relies on will be recouped in spades; allowing your organization to take advantage of the benefits of technology assisted review.
A number of firms and in-house law departments have not yet made a transition to a dedicated eDiscovery process and group of resources to support eDiscovery. Some folks even cling to the ever fading hope that eDiscovery is a passing fad. Obviously, not only is eDiscovery here to stay, it requires a specific knowledge base and skill set to support the effective application of the tools necessary to execute in matters related to ESI. Depending on how underdeveloped the eDiscovery team is in your organization, there will have to be an investment to add the talent necessary to create a functional eDiscovery team or at minimum bring in a person versed in the nuances of eDiscovery.
While not currently having the dedicated resources necessary to support the increasing volume of eDiscovery matters is generally a disadvantage, having a clear slate offers a unique advantage to bring in experts who have spent their entire legal career in the eDiscovery space. It may be a mid-level associate or sophisticated technology expert with an understanding of the importance of statistics in the changing face of eDiscovery. Whatever route taken, pay for the best talent your firm can afford.
The last piece of the puzzle is integration. Your internal team and external vendor resources need not operate in a vacuum. The team needs a clear process for engaging these experts early and often. When possible, try to engage personnel beyond the core eDiscovery team to learn more about eDiscovery and work to organically grow eDiscovery fluent members at all levels. The greater the overall familiarity with and acceptance of advanced technology the more likely it will be effectively leverage.
The integration needs to extend to the IT department, since they understand the network and data architecture. Along with IT, stakeholders in the overall legal department and the litigation support teams need to have an open stream of communication. It is essential to understand the network architecture and litigation support is key in evaluating the tools to access the data and manipulate it and the legal stakeholder ultimately needs to inform the whole group of the overriding goal for the pending review. Having some level of common understanding of the language of eDiscovery makes this collaboration much smoother.
In closing, it is clear, from the recent judicial activism, predictive coding is not only fair game, it may be proscribed as well. Legal practitioners need to be prepare and educate themselves on the various types of technology assisted review tools on the market, know their risks and benefits and understand how they work. Beyond the legal practitioners, there needs to be an integrated team consisting of internal and external resources that collaborate using the common language of eDiscovery to determine the best course of action in ESI heavy matters.
In light of the recent proscriptive application of Technology Assisted review in EORHB, Inc., et al v. HOA Holdings, LLC, (Hooters Holding Co.) , choosing the right methodology and application of predictive coding is all the more important. However, with the flood of new entrants claiming to offer some variation of predictive coding and the confusion on what predictive coding actually means, it is all the more important for practitioners to be well-informed on the offerings of various tools. The spectrum of methods to apply the technology and the ways in which the intersection of man and machine impact the application to predictive coding.
PREDICTIVE CODING IS CLEAR AS MUD Predictive coding is as ubiquitous as synergy, leverage or integration these days. Almost every provider, from the largest to the smallest can offer predictive coding, technology assisted review or non-linear review solutions according to their marketing material. How do you know which option is best for your client, whether the one recommended by a judge is right for your matter or if the tool suggested by opposing counsel is as great as they make it out to be. In short, how do you arm yourself with the knowledge to make an educated evaluation of all the varied solutions flooding the market?
The key to surviving in the technology leveraged, predictive coding space is a simple one: educate your self.
KNOW WHAT THE VENDOR MEANS BY PREDICTIVE CODING In the past two weeks, multiple vendors have announced predictive coding service offerings; as a practitioner, you should look at what specifically the tools offer. Predictive analytics occupy a wide spectrum of offerings that vary from intensive human interaction to highly automated. You should know what your vendor is proposing when they mention predictive coding and whether or not their predictive coding solution works for you or your client.
As I discussed in "Predictive Analytics and Artificial Intelligence… Science Fiction or E-Discovery Truth?", there are three primary flavors of technology assisted review that fall under the umbrella of predictive coding as it is used today. The spectrum of technology leveraged review solutions basically fall into the categories of supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised machine learning.
Unsupervised Learning produces a data grouping prior to application based on statistical similarities or frequency of certain concepts or phrases (concept clustering, latent semantic indexing). This can be helpful in guiding the priority of a review, but it can also misdirect a user if an outlying word receives priority disproportionate to its relevance to the case. In terms of a workflow, it is most similar to the traditional liner approach, an accelerated linear review if you will.
Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) Employs highly skilled attorneys on the front end to develop a seed set which is used to prioritize review and refine relevance and issues. When manual review of the algorithm's inferences refine the model to maximal accuracy the remainder of the data is analyzed in an automated fashion with random sampling for accuracy. This is an eyes on most documents approach.
SSL can be either transductive or inductive, with the former prioritizing statistically similar documents and the latter inferring general rules to be applied to the corpus of test data in training the algorithm. The format being used by your provider makes a difference.
Supervised learning is at the other end of the spectrum, and is based on data decisions made by a human that are used to "train" the algorithm which then infers how data ought to be coded or classified. Iterative review of the algorithm's inferences refines the model to Maximum accuracy.
Reinforcement Learning is similar to the traditional SSL model, but rather than data analysis followed by testing of the results, this model modifies the application of the algorithm to the entire body of data throughout the review. Absent prioritization this could prove risky if a key set of documents are towards the end of the body of documents.
KNOW THE DESIRED OUTCOME The above styles of predictive coding all have different levels of potential risk and strategic benefits. If, you have a very tight timeline and limited budget, semi supervised machine learning, which uses a seed set, iterations and then automates the review after an agreed point, may make the most sense. If the time line is longer and the risk of inadvertent production is steep, a fully supervised model which uses a seed set and has eyes on every likely relevant document may make more sense. And finally if time and money are not an issue, but it is important to get to the key facts/issues of the case early using unsupervised learning in an accelerated liner review fashion may make the most sense.
The key is to understand what your vendor means by predictive coding, because what you assume they mean may not be what they are offering.
Predictive Coding, Technology Assisted Review (TAR), Conceptual Search, whatever the current term of choice, technology leveraged document review is the hottest topic in the eDiscovery space today. Conferences, white papers and bloggers from around the world are buzzing about judicial activism and steps taken by the bench to encourage broader use of the advanced tools available to drastically reduce eDiscovery cost. But, if recent cases have opened the door to broad acceptance of predictive coding, EORHB, Inc., et al v. HOA Holdings, LLC has the potential to blow the door off its hinges.
THE HISTORY U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York in Da Silva Moore v. Publicis Groupe, and the Circuit Court for Loudon County, Va., in Global Aerospace v. Landow Aviation, have approved the use of predictive coding in appropriate cases.
Judge Peck's order in Da Silva, a case in which both agreed to utilize Predictive coding, let the legal community at large know that ""predictive coding should be used in the appropriate case" and practitioners need no longer fear being a guinea pig. Global Aerospace went one step further, compelling opposing Counsel to accept a production derived from a predictive coding workflow. However, in one of the subsequent hearings in the Kleen Products, LLC, et. al. v. Packaging Corporation of America, et. al., Judge Nolan (another heavy weight in the evolving eDiscovery space) cautioned that:
"[r]esponding parties are best situated to evaluate the procedures, methodologies, and technologies appropriate for preserving and producing their own electronically stored information," and as such "the defendant under Sedona 6 has the right to pick the [eDiscovery] method."
A GAME CHANGING DECISION A Delaware judge,Vice Chancellor Laster, took matters into his own hands, when he proactively decided to require both parties to use predictive coding, or show cause as to why they should not use predictive coding technology, to manage electronic discovery. Judge Laster gave both parties two options; either they use the same vendor of their choosing, or he would "pick one for them".
"This seems to me to be an ideal non-expedited case in which the parties would benefit from using predictive coding. I would like you all, if you do not want to use predictive coding, to show cause why this is not a case where predictive coding is the way to go.
I would like you all to talk about a single discovery provider that could be used to warehouse both sides' documents to be your single vendor. Pick one of these wonderful discovery super powers ... If you cannot agree on a suitable discovery vendor, you can submit names to me and I will pick one for you.
… I would really encourage you all, instead of burning lots of hours with people reviewing, it seems to me this is the type of non-expedited case where we could all benefit from some new technology use."
This stands stark contrast to Da Silva Moore, Global Aerospace & Kleen because the parties in EORHB, Inc., et al v. HOA Holdings, LLC, (Hooters Holding Co.) not only never agreed to use predictive coding technology, it appears that this was never discussed between the parties let alone with Judge Laster. In Fact, while reading the 68 page ruling, the concept of predictive Coding was not mentioned until after 66 pages of discussion on the meaning of footnotes, the meaning of "Provided further, however" and Romanettes (i, ii).
Beyond the content of the ruling, the Location & Judge involved are both of major note. Delaware has taken a proactive approach, adopting eDiscovery protocols earlier this year which the many companies headquartered in the small sate will have to abide by. And Judge Laster, in his 2 short years, has established him self as a strong and fair judicial activist and more than that an in the trenches judge looking for a way to manage the ever expanding data volumes hitting the parties in his courtroom.
THE IMPACT This ruling represents the first prescriptive directive to use the spectrum of Technology Assisted Review processes that fall under the broad category of Predictive Coding. This represents a major step forward for proponents of technology Assisted review, and a cautionary tale to those not yet studying, evaluating and figuring out how to integrate new technology in their practice. Furthermore, if a as a practitioner you want to make an educated decision or advise a Judge as to why you have chosen a specific tool or process, you need to understand the vastly different tools on the market and myriad of ways which they can be applied to a document review.
In light of the recent prescriptive application of Technology Assisted review in EORHB, Inc., et al v. HOA Holdings, LLC, (Hooters Holding Co.), choosing the right methodology and application of Predictive coding is all the more important. However, with the flood of new entrants claiming to offer some variation of Predictive Coding & the confusion on what predictive coding actually means, it Is all the more important for practitioners to be well informed on the offerings of various tools, the spectrum of methods to apply the technology and the ways in which the intersection of man and machine impact application to Predictive coding.
(Stay tuned for more in Part Two)
Long before the ink was dry on the Da Silva, Kleen or EORHB cases, Hudson saw the shifting tide in the eDiscovery market and took decisive action. Rather than attempting to be the jack of all trades & master of none, or acquiring one of the lesser known tools and trying to cobble together a way to offer everything under the sun, we chose to partner with the best of breed in the eDiscovery space. Both companies are at the top of their respective fields and offer unparalleled service & solutions, but that is not what makes this strategic alliance different from any of the countless partnerships announced on a daily basis and the ones to come.
In coming together Hudson & Recommind wanted to create a synergy between the industry leading technology, project management and deep history of success with many of the largest matters to hit the eDiscovery space. In short, the goal was to make our joint venture greater than the sum of its parts. In dedicating time to train Hudsons international project management team to intimately understand the platform, its capabilities and strategic workflows over countless hours and integrating a seamless delivery strategy the two companies have developed an unparalleled solution that addresses the full spectrum of technology assisted solutions, managed the Recommind & PMP Certified project managers and eDiscovery experts with a deep understanding of the application and maximization of efficiency derived from using technology assisted review tools. In short, this combined effort offers seamless integration & flawless execution.
Article Excerpt from Legal Management Magazine, bp perspective: Insights from a Business Partner by Cat Casey, Hudson Legal
Big data and technology leveraged solutions, from early case assessment and advanced culling and categorizing tools to predictive coding and fully automated review, have shifted the industry to e-discovery 2.0. Law firm and in-house counsel alike need to understand the impact this transition has on their practices and the efficiencies and cost savings that they present.
BIG DATA AND E-DISCOVERY 2.0 Electronically Stored Information (ESI) has been doubling or tripling every 18-24 months with 85 percent of that data residing in business domains. Some studies forecast that 1.8 zettabytes (1.8 trillion gigabytes) will be created and replicated in 2011. They say that necessity breeds ingenuity, and this has certainly been the case with the e-discovery industry. As corporations contend with mountains of data and costs in e-discovery matters, they are taking greater ownership of handling ESI and welcoming the development of more efficient solutions. Large corporations are bringing technology and ediscovery specialists in-house and exerting increased pressure on outside counsel to contain cost in all aspects of the discovery process. Increasingly, corporations are also requesting alternative fee structures with outside counsel and service providers to reign in the cost of e-discovery, requesting flat fees per gigabyte, per document or for entire matters inclusive of billable hours according to Fulbright & Jaworski LLP's Annual Litigation Trends Survey Findings.
In the world of e-discovery 2.0 the sheer volume of data continues to drive innovation and is evolving to a level that requires a greater level of expertise from the practitioners involved. The innovation and efficiencies that are being developed to deal with the scale of data will only be as effective as the practitioners that are implementing the workflows. Out of the morass of data technologies that facilitate early case assessment, advanced algorithms and machine assisted learning or front end semantic indexing have steadily cropped up as viable alternatives to traditional Boolean searching and brute force approaches to ediscovery.
Continue Reading... The days of banker boxes and manual bates stamping are long gone as are the days of traditional unaided linear review. Download Full Article >
Reprinted with permission from Legal Management magazine, Volume 31, Issue 6, published by the Association of Legal Administrators, www.alanet.org.
There is no denying that there have been rapid transitions in the eDiscovery space, and the discovery space over the last decade and increasingly so over the last 18 months. Along with these emerging processes, technologies and increasing volumes of data, a new breed of practitioners have emerged to effectively utilize the tools and technologies changing the eDiscovery space. From statistician and linguist, sophisticated project managers and consultants to savvy up-and-coming associates and litigation support professionals, the new knowledge workers occupy a wide swath of the legal community. The million-dollar question is, how does a firm or corporation attract, retain and most of all develop this talent internally at a speed that keeps pace with the rapidly evolving market?
The wide spectrum of talent in the eDiscovery community and legal space offers a dizzying array of potential knowledge workers for a legal team to choose from. So, how do you begin?
The first step in the process of creating a knowledge worker centric team is to know how your company or firm wants to approach e-discovery in general. Does your practice have the scale and volume of electronic discovery initiatives to support capital investment in hardware, software and internal personnel and infrastructure? If so, a fully in-sourced solution inclusive of statisticians, linguists, and the project management and attorneys is necessary to support document reviews.
If you have a smaller volume or less of a desire to have control of the eDiscovery process then a partially or fully outsourced solution makes the most sense. Firms that partially outsource or fully outsource eDiscovery are well served to recruit and develop practitioners with project management strength and to develop associates or junior partners that understand the eDiscovery process and can articulate it to outside counsel or to potential clients. Even if your plan is to fully outsource, having a few key individuals with a deep pool of knowledge is key to ensure effective and defensible application of technology as well as ensuring that eDiscovery technology and staffing solutions are provided at reasonable and predictable pricing levels.
For fully in-sourced eDiscovery solutions, the key is to find attorneys and specialist that possess the requisite knowledge at the outset to support and build an eDiscovery counsel or in-house self-contained eDiscovery solution. Firms and corporations looking to develop this self-sufficient approach to eDiscovery need to employ a blend of external hires and current resources trained on the specific platforms to be applied at an enterprise level. Whether the plan is to implement a linear approach to review incorporating a basic processing tool like Law or Nuix and running the hosted review on Relativity or employing advanced analytics and predictive or automated coding, the key to success is to have professionals certified and highly experienced with the selected tools. Some existing personnel can be "trained up" to meet the increased rigors of managing the end-to-end eDiscovery process.
If the approach that your company or firm elects is one of partial or full outsourcing, it makes more sense to rely on your partnered solution providers for niche experts like linguist or statisticians and the need for quality project managers and internal resources that understand the eDiscovery process is heightened. Rather than looking purely externally, rely on the resources provided by your vendors and certifications to help elevate you current internal personnel
All of the major technology providers in the eDiscovery space offer proprietary certification in their tools, many also offer webinars and articles or white papers on a wide array of topics relating to case law and changes in the eDiscovery space. These free resources are readily available and most vendors are more than happy to train or speak with your team because educated clients help everyone in the long run. Certifications seminars and coursework are also options although they require a greater monetary investment. The PMP certification, offers project managers a structure and process to approach managing eDiscovery matters that mirrors what many large scale government contracting companies utilize and it is becoming increasingly popular in the eDiscovery space.
The PMP certification requires 35 hours of coursework; documented years of project management experience and costing between $1000-2000 this investment is not unsubstantial. There are countless conferences across the U.S. and internationally that offer 2-3 days of sessions with industry leaders speaking on eDiscovery. Legal Tech, The masters, IQPC, ILTA, CEDF, Carmel Valley and many regional seminars and conventions focus purely on eDiscovery. For a novice these may be a great way to get immersed in eDiscovery, but as with any conference the professionals only get as much out of it as they want to.
Keeping and enticing the type of people necessary to keep ahead of the curve in the eDiscovery space is no simple task. Vendors, corporations and law firms alike are courting leaders in this space. Supporting on-going learning and offering the practitioners that you bring into the fold at your organization the ability to explore and test new technology is one aspect of the puzzle. Realizing that the eDiscovery practice area does not conform to the normal ebbs and flows of legal practice is also key. Whether you fully in-source or outsource some or all of your practice, the ability to be adaptable and scalable is also a key component.
The eDiscovery market is rapidly changing, but with the right investments… organizations can get and stay ahead of the game.
Technology leveraged solutions have set the blogosphere and the legal industry aflutter with promises of massive cost savings, lightning fast review and everything but the kitchen sink. Predictive coding, advanced analytics, algorithms and statistical analysis are rapidly reshaping the way that document review is conducted. But where does the talk stop and real results begin when it comes to practical application of these new technologies? More importantly, how much can an organization, considering the various solutions on the market, hope to save at the end of the day?
Nearly every practitioner in the eDiscovery space is familiar with the now infamous February opinion by Judge Andrew J. Peck in Da Silva Moore v. Publicis Groupe. This opinion paves the way for increasing utilization of advanced technologies to augment or replace traditional models of linear review. As a result, law firms and corporations no longer need to fear being penalized for using alternative non-linear technologies. Despite this green light, practitioners still need to carefully evaluate the spectrum of tools available, their tangible impact on a case and the potential risks and rewards that the technology poses.
In order to accurately analyze the risk-reward matrix for application of computer leveraged solutions, a practitioner must first understand several factors:
Take a recent case study from a client that engaged Hudson Legal to assist in providing a global eDiscovery solution. There was an SEC investigation relating to a series of credit default swap transactions between a European utility company and three large financial institutions. The portfolios of these credit default swaps were under the management of our client under the terms of four separate portfolio management agreements. There was ongoing litigation relating to these swaps in the UK and Germany, when the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a request for information surrounding these transactions. To add complexity to these efforts, there were four separate information custodians holding data regarding the transactions.
The client needed to promptly respond to a request for information, and execute discovery with multiple information custodians. They had obligation to provide the requested documents to the SEC quickly and with a minimum amount of unnecessary review of irrelevant documents. They had a further challenge in that the primary custodian of concern had a volume of data that exceeded the combined total of all other data in the case. Traditional eyes on every document review would have cost an estimated $175,000+ and would have entailed manually reviewing 363,000 documents.
The client needed an affordable and accurate way to deliver the requested documents to the SEC quickly, but the traditional linear solutions could not deliver…
To deliver a fast, efficient, and accurate review a bifurcated eDiscovery Solution was implemented. This solution utilized Relativity® computer-assisted review to quickly identify documents relevant to the SEC request, combined with linear review for the smaller document set obtained from multiple custodians.
In this case the risk of non-compliance with the SEC deadline and the potential for a single custodian to derail the entire review motivated the client to leverage computer-assisted review. This yielded a 49% cost savings over traditional linear review as well as substantial reduction in the time of review, with a 95% confidence level (+/- 2.5%). A total of 184,000 documents were ultimately reviewed with a net savings of 178,339 documents and $87,186.
This solution was by no means simple, nor was it the equivalent of pushing an easy button and waiting for the 229 responsive documents to magically materialize out of the 363,000-document "haystack". But it does demonstrate how, through thoughtful and selective application of technology, companies and firms can drastically reduce the number of documents that have to be manually analyzed. The two-tiered approach, coupled with statistical sampling, QC and validation create a defensible process in support of the overall application of computer-assisted solutions.
In a world that offers a wide spectrum of global eDiscovery solutions, the role of the practitioner and their eDiscovery solutions provider is central to the success of a computer-assisted document review. Advanced technology has the potential to save valuable time and resources, when deployed in a thoughtful and deliberate way. These technologies are only as effective as the practitioners wielding them, and should not be thought of in a vacuum but rather as an intersection of man and machine that, when optimized, is a time and cost efficient solution to global eDiscovery issues.
Hudson Legal exhibited and presented at the 2012 Carmel Valley e-Discovery Retreat (CVEDR) last week in Monterey, California. Our team was there to gather the latest intelligence on eDiscovery trends and hopefully add some intelligence of our own. The event agenda called for focused discussion on eDiscovery in the Cloud, Analytics, Economics of Document Review, and the Erosion of Work Product. A great many of the panel discussions centered around practical concerns and implementation of predictive coding, or the conference moniker of choice, Technology Assisted Review (TAR). It appears that we are moving in the direction of acceptance, one conference at a time.
The tone of many of the practitioners and even the judges at CVEDR reflected the inevitability of widespread usage of predictive coding. The intent of the panel, "Technology Assisted Review (TAR) – Are eyes on every item needed?" was to address the collective confidence level in what the computers are deciding on our behalf. Since the conference had already skewered most objections to predictive coding, Greg Buckles instead led the panel toward the effects TAR will have on lawyers and legal professionals. On these topics, Mark Yacano predicted both an ongoing need for "good lawyering" (excellence in the traditional elements of case knowledge) and an increased need for "knowledge worker" skills (technology aptitude to accomplish complex litigation). Mark's Technology Assisted Review panel contributions are covered in this highlight video:
For additional takeaways from the event, I encourage you to have a look at the CVEDR recap by Greg Buckles from eDiscovery Journal.
For many, the word "vendor" generates images of a smarmy sales person trying to get you to use the newest widget to tackle an ever increasing volume of data. While that may be the case for a certain number of solution providers in the market, more often than not, professionals in the eDiscovery space have much more to offer. There are wide arrays of low and no-cost resources that can be tapped today to begin this evolution within your eDiscovery team. In the age of eDiscovery 2.0, leading-edge technologies and rapidly evolving case law, your vendor can serve as a resource and an ally if you fully leverage their capabilities.
Over the last decade, electronic discovery has been a dynamic and rapidly changing space. eDiscovery service providers that have stayed on top have to stay up to date on case law, best practices and industry changes and trends. These providers often offer a number of resources, from white papers to workflows, case synopsis and articles on the trends in the eDiscovery space. It is in both the service provider and your firm's interests for practitioners to be knowledgeable of the twist and turns that the market has taken. Whether you are looking for an analysis of the recent predictive analytics focused Da Silva Moore case or an estimate of the number of documents that are in a gigabyte, service providers' websites are a wealth of relevant information.
Nearly all of the large eDiscovery solution providers offer webinars, white papers and case studies that discuss varying aspects of the eDiscovery space. Many times senior members of highly ranked vendors are former practitioners and understand the unique challenges that your team may face. Solution providers want their potential customers to be savvy and comfortable with the emerging tools in the market, and if your team pulls resources from multiple providers and resources, there is a wealth of readily available information.
Vendor-specific and agnostic eDiscovery blogs are everywhere. Most are frequently updated and focused on evolving trends. Industry experts freely fill these blogs with insightful and useful practical and theoretical analysis of case law, market trends and technology driving the evolution of eDiscovery 2.0. Vendor specific blogs certainly may need to be taken with a grain of salt regarding which tool makes the most sense to use. However, when it comes to overall trends, case law and non-tool specific analysis, they are a vast, free repository of tools and information that can elevate your current team's competency at no cost to the firm.
The various providers of eDiscovery solutions want their clients to understand how to effectively leverage their tools, solutions and people and are typically more than happy to offer complimentary training on their platforms or host discussions with your team. Major providers of tools like Relativity, Kroll OnTrack, Recommind, etc., offer certification programs for their clients and want to ensure that users understand how to best leverage their tools for a successful document review. These providers can educate your team, whether remotely or in person, on how best to leverage their tools. Often they are fully prepared to act as expert witnesses before the bench if the protocols or efficacy of a tool is questioned.
Whether your firm is sophisticated and tech savvy or just entering the eDiscovery space, there are a broad spectrum of resources available. Attorneys in various practice areas have an increasing likelihood of encountering eDiscovery in this technology-laden business space. These tools offer a low cost means of ensuring that you are up to speed.


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Reproofs of sin and wickedness. (1-8) Confession of sin, and lamentation for the consequences. (9-15) Promises of deliverance. (16-21)
Verses 1-8 If our prayers are not answered, and the salvation we wait for is not wrought for us, it is not because God is weary of hearing prayer, but because we are weary of praying. See here sin in true colours, exceedingly sinful; and see sin in its consequences, exceedingly hurtful, separating from God, and so separating us, not only from all good, but to all evil. Yet numbers feed, to their own destruction, on infidel and wicked systems. Nor can their skill or craft, in devising schemes, as the spider weaves its web, deliver or save them. No schemes of self-wrought salvation shall avail those who despise the Redeemer's robe of righteousness. Every man who is destitute of the Spirit of Christ, runs swiftly to evil of some sort; but those regardless of Divine truth and justice, are strangers to peace.
Verses 9-15 If we shut our eyes against the light of Divine truth, it is just with God to hide from our eyes the things that belong to our peace. The sins of those who profess themselves God's people, are worse than the sins of others. And the sins of a nation bring public judgments, when not restrained by public justice. Men may murmur under calamities, but nothing will truly profit while they reject Christ and his gospel.
Verses 16-21 This passage is connected with the following chapters. It is generally thought to describe the coming of the Messiah, as the Avenger and Deliverer of his church. There was none to intercede with God to turn away his wrath; none to interpose for the support of justice and truth. Yet He engaged his own strength and righteousness for his people. God will make his justice upon the enemies of his church and people plainly appear. When the enemy threatens to bear down all without control, then the Spirit of the Lord shall stop him, put him to flight. He that has delivered, will still deliver. A far more glorious salvation is promised to be wrought out by the Messiah in the fulness of time, which all the prophets had in view. The Son of God shall come to us to be our Redeemer; the Spirit of God shall come to be our Sanctifier: thus the Comforter shall abide with the church for ever, ( John 14:16 ) . The word of Christ will always continue in the mouths of the faithful; and whatever is pretended to be the mind of the Spirit, must be tried by the Scriptures. We must lament the progress of infidelity and impiety. But the cause of the Redeemer shall gain a complete victory even on earth, and the believer will be more than conqueror when the Lord receives him to his glory in heaven.
Isaiah 59:1-21 . THE PEOPLE'S SIN THE CAUSE OF JUDGMENTS: THEY AT LAST OWN IT THEMSELVES: THE REDEEMER'S FUTURE INTERPOSITION IN THEIR EXTREMITY.
The reason why Jehovah does not deliver His people, notwithstanding their religious services ( Isaiah 58:3 ), is not want of power on His part, but because of their sins ( Isaiah 59:1-8 ); Isaiah 59:9-15 contain their confession; Isaiah 59:16-21 , the consequent promise of the Messiah.
1. hand . . .
ear heavy--( Isaiah 6:10 ).
2. hid--Hebrew, "caused Him to hide" ( Lamentations 3:44 ).
3. ( Isaiah 1:15 Romans 3:13-15 ).
hands . . . fingers--Not merely the "hands" perpetrate deeds of grosser enormity ("blood"), but the "fingers" commit more minute acts of "iniquity."
lips . . . tongue--The lips "speak" openly "lies," the tongue "mutters" malicious insinuations ("perverseness"; perverse misrepresentations of others) ( Jeremiah 6:28 , 9:4 ).
4. Rather, "No one calleth an adversary into court with justice," that is, None bringeth a just suit: "No one pleadeth with truth."
they trust . . . iniquity--(So Job 15:35 , Psalms 7:14 ).
5. cockatrice--probably the basilisk serpent, cerastes. Instead of crushing evil in the egg, they foster it.
spider's web--This refers not to the spider's web being made to entrap, but to its thinness, as contrasted with substantial "garments," as Isaiah 59:6 shows. Their works are vain and transitory ( Job 8:14 , Proverbs 11:18 ).
eateth . . . their eggs--he who partakes in their plans, or has anything to do with them, finds them pestiferous.
that which is crushed--The egg, when it is broken, breaketh out as a viper; their plans, however specious in their undeveloped form like the egg, when developed, are found pernicious. Though the viper is viviparous (from which "vi-per" is derived), yet during gestation, the young are included in eggs, which break at the birth [BOCHART]; however, metaphors often combine things without representing everything to the life.
6. not . . . garments--like the "fig leaves" wherewith Adam and Eve vainly tried to cover their shame, as contrasted with "the coats of skins" which the Lord God made to clothe them with ( Isaiah 64:6 , Romans 13:14 , Galatians 3:27 , Philippians 3:9 ). The artificial self-deceiving sophisms of human philosophy ( 1 Timothy 6:5 , 2 Timothy 2:16 2 Timothy 2:23 ).
7. feet--All their members are active in evil; in Isaiah 59:3 , the "hands, fingers, lips, and tongue," are specified.
run . . . haste--( Romans 3:15 ). Contrast David's "running and hasting" in the ways of God ( Psalms 119:32 Psalms 119:60 ).
thoughts--not merely their acts, but their whole thoughts.
8. peace--whether in relation to God, to their own conscience, or to their fellow men ( Isaiah 57:20 Isaiah 57:21 ).
crooked--the opposite of "straightforward" ( Proverbs 2:15 , 28:18 ).
9. judgment far--retribution in kind because they had shown "no judgment in their goings" ( Isaiah 59:8 ). "The vindication of our just rights by God is withheld by Him from us."
us--In Isaiah 59:8 and previous verses, it was "they," the third person; here, "us . . . we," the first person. The nation here speaks: God thus making them out of their own mouth condemn themselves; just as He by His prophet had condemned them before. Isaiah includes himself with his people and speaks in their name.
justice--God's justice bringing salvation ( Isaiah 46:13 ).
light--the dawn of returning prosperity.
obscurity--adversity ( Jeremiah 8:15 ).
10. grope--fulfilling Moses' threat ( Deuteronomy 28:29 ).
stumble at noon . . . as . . . night--There is no relaxation of our evils; at the time when we might look for the noon of relief, there is still the night of our calamity.
in desolate places--rather, to suit the parallel words "at noonday," in fertile (literally, "fat"; Genesis 27:28 ) fields [GESENIUS] (where all is promising) we are like the dead (who have no hope left them); or, where others are prosperous, we wander about as dead men; true of all unbelievers ( Isaiah 26:10 , Luke 15:17 ).
11. roar--moan plaintively, like a hungry bear which growls for food.
doves--( Isaiah 38:14 , Ezekiel 7:16 ).
salvation--retribution in kind: because not salvation, but "destruction" was "in their paths" ( Isaiah 59:7 ).
12. ( Daniel 9:5 , &c.).
thee . . . us--antithesis.
with us--that is, we are conscious of them ( Job 12:3 , Margin; Job 15:9 ).
know--acknowledge they are our iniquities.
13. The particulars of the sins generally confessed in Isaiah 59:12 ( Isaiah 48:8 , Jeremiah 2:19 Jeremiah 2:20 ). The act, the word, and the thought of apostasy, are all here marked: transgression and departing, &c.; lying (compare Isaiah 59:4 ), and speaking, &c.; conceiving and uttering from the heart.
14. Justice and righteousness are put away from our legal courts.
in the street--in the forum, the place of judicature, usually at the gate of the city ( Zechariah 8:16 ).
cannot enter--is shut out from the forum, or courts of justice.
15. faileth--is not to be found.
he that departeth . . . prey--He that will not fall in with the prevailing iniquity exposes himself as a prey to the wicked ( Psalms 10:8 Psalms 10:9 ).
Lord saw it--The iniquity of Israel, so desperate as to require nothing short of Jehovah's interposition to mend it, typifies the same necessity for a Divine Mediator existing in the deep corruption of man; Israel, the model nation, was chosen to illustrate his awful fact.
16. no man--namely, to atone by his righteousness for the unrighteousness of the people. "Man" is emphatic, as in 1 Kings 2:2 ; no representative man able to retrieve the cause of fallen men ( Isaiah 41:28 , Isaiah 63:5 Isaiah 63:6 , Jeremiah 5:1 , Ezekiel 22:30 ).
no intercessor--no one to interpose, "to help . . . uphold" ( Isaiah 63:5 ).
his arm--( Isaiah 40:10 , 51:5 ). Not man's arm, but His alone ( Psalms 98:1 , 44:3 ).
his righteousness--the "arm" of Messiah. He won the victory for us, not by mere might as God, but by His invincible righteousness, as man having "the Spirit without measure" ( Isaiah 11:5 , Isaiah 42:6 Isaiah 42:21 , 51:8 , 53:11 , 1 John 2:1 ).
17. Messiah is represented as a warrior armed at all points, going forth to vindicate His people. Owing to the unity of Christ and His people, their armor is like His, except that they have no "garments of vengeance" (which is God's prerogative, Romans 12:19 ), or "cloak of zeal" (in the sense of judicial fury punishing the wicked; this zeal belongs properly to God, 2 Kings 10:16 , Romans 10:2 , Philippians 3:6 ; "zeal," in the sense of anxiety for the Lord's honor, they have, Numbers 25:11 Numbers 25:13 , Psalms 69:9 , 2 Corinthians 7:11 , 9:2 ); and for "salvation," which is of God alone ( Psalms 3:8 ), they have as their helmet, "the hope of salvation" ( 1 Thessalonians 5:8 ). The "helmet of salvation" is attributed to them ( Ephesians 6:14 Ephesians 6:17 ) in a secondary sense; namely, derived from Him, and as yet only in hope, not fruition ( Romans 8:24 ). The second coming here, as often, is included in this representation of Messiah. His "zeal" ( John 2:15-17 ) at His first coming was but a type of His zeal and vengeance against the foes of God at His second coming ( 2 Thessalonians 1:8-10 Revelation 19:11-21 ).
18. deeds--Hebrew, "recompenses"; "according as their deeds demand" [MAURER]. This verse predicts the judgments at the Lord's second coming, which shall precede the final redemption of His people ( Isaiah 66:18 Isaiah 66:15 Isaiah 66:16 ).
19. ( Isaiah 45:6 , Malachi 1:11 ). The result of God's judgments ( Isaiah 26:9 , 66:18-20 ).
like a flood--( Jeremiah 46:7 Jeremiah 46:8 , Revelation 12:15 ).
lift up a standard--rather, from a different Hebrew root, "shall put him to flight," "drive him away" [MAURER]. LOWTH, giving a different sense to the Hebrew for "enemy" from that in Isaiah 59:18 , and a forced meaning to the Hebrew for "Spirit of the Lord," translates, "When He shall come as a river straitened in its course, which a mighty wind drives along."
20. to Zion-- Romans 11:26 quotes it, "out of Zion." Thus Paul, by inspiration, supplements the sense from Psalms 14:7 : He was, and is come to Zion, first with redemption, being sprung as man out of Zion. The Septuagint translates "for the sake of Zion." Paul applies this verse to the coming restoration of Israel spiritually.
them that turn from--( Romans 11:26 ). "shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob"; so the Septuagint, Paul herein gives the full sense under inspiration. They turn from transgression, because He first turns them from it, and it from them ( Psalms 130:4 , Lamentations 5:21 ).
21. covenant with them . . . thee--The covenant is with Christ, and with them only as united to Him ( Hebrews 2:13 ). Jehovah addresses Messiah the representative and ideal Israel. The literal and spiritual Israel are His seed, to whom the promise is to be fulfilled ( Psalms 22:30 ).
spirit . . . not depart . . . for ever--( Jeremiah 31:31-37 , Matthew 28:20 ).

subset: commoncrawl


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The bride-elect is the daughter of Martin and Debra Lattimore of Charleston and the late Allen W. Gaines. She is the granddaughter of Jessie L. Boyd of Charleston and Lillian Gaines of Cleveland. She is the sister of Diane Gaines of Cleveland.
Mr. Lewis is the son of Oscar L. Sr. and Diane Lewis of West Palm Beach, Fla.


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Lewis Holiday Show is back by popular demand
By Annie Alleman For Sun-Times Media November 29, 2012 11:36AM
The Lewis Holiday Spectacular
'8th Annual Holiday Spectacular'
♦ Dec. 6-8
♦ Philip Lynch Theatre at Lewis University, 1 University Parkway, Romeoville
♦ Tickets, $2-$10
♦ (815) 836-5500
Updated: December 9, 2012 12:17PM
The halls will once again ring with songs and laughter when Lewis University's Heritage Theatre Company presents the eighth annual Holiday Spectacular.
Performances will be at 7:30 p.m. Dec. 6, 7 and 8. Because patrons were being turned away last year, a 4 p.m. matinee has been added on Dec. 8.
Appropriate for the whole family, the show includes 90 minutes of music, skits, dancing and laughter, said Philip Lynch theater manager Jo Slowik.
A special feature this year will be the return of the "Charlie Brown Christmas" sketch.
"We do our own twist to it," she said. "It is the TV special, but we edited down some of the audio tracks from the scenes from the Charlie Brown Christmas special. The actors will do the cartoons and lip-synch all the dialogue. So you hear those iconic voices but you see the actors lip-synching the dialogue."
The box office opens at 6 p.m. with holiday confections in the lobby. For a small fee, there will be digital photos on stage with Santa and his elves available half an hour before each performance. The proceeds from concessions and the photos go to the Theatre Scholarship Fund.
Half-price tickets are available with a donation of non-perishable foods, she said.
"We had requests to bring back scenes we've done before, so we're bringing back our Charlie Brown sketch we haven't done since 2008," Slowik said. "And new this year is a take-off on 'Gangnam Style.' We're calling it 'Christmas Santa Style.' That will open the show. And Keith White is developing another scene on disco elves."
The material appeals not only to kids and teens, but parents and grandparents as well, she said.
"We keep things for a couple of years and then we do something new," she said. "That's what it's about – bring creative. It's grown in popularity so much this year that we added another performance."
Another change this year is changing the curtain time from 8 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. to accommodate children and their bedtimes.
The play will include traditional Christmas carols; include a mash-up arrangement of "Silent Night" and "O Holy Night."
"We've got some beautiful voices in the cast … it's nice to pull those people out and feature them," she said. "We do these wonderful Hallmark moments where you really get that holiday warm and fuzzy feeling, and then we do something crazy like Lady Gaga's 'Bad Romance' parodied as 'My Snow Pants.' We try and make it warm and fuzzy, and very hip and contemporary and funny."


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- Enertopia website Website design including illustrastions, icon designs, layouts and function for the French company Enertopia who are power station and big industry suppliers. 2015 Graphic Design, Illustration, Web Design
- MOCAD, Detroit City art exhibition graphic design 2014 Graphic Design, Web Design
- World Illustration for Delta Sky Magazine As part of the August Issue of Delta Sky Magazine "Wheels Up" section I was asked to create a illustration in the spirit of Detroit. As this issue was about the Motor City, I sketched and rendered up a world map in an automotive design style. During the design process I sketched a Detroit cityscape which they used on the front cover though it was ultimately not used in the "Wheels Up" illustration. You can see a video showing the process from sketch to final product and many of the intrim ideas. 2014 Automotive Design, Drawing, Illustration
- Allegra art direction for a German women's magazine 2014 Art Direction
- Middlecott Sketchbattle Experiment Middlecott Design are hosting another Middlecott Sketchbattle Experiment as an after party for the charity Preview for the Detroit Auto show on the 17 January, 2014. 2013 Automotive Design, Entrepreneurship, Industrial Design
- waahr Waahr.de is an online archive for literary journalism in German. www.waahr.de 2013 Branding, Graphic Design, Web Design
- Retro Cobra redesign concept We just recently completed the concept design phase of a Cobra redesign project. Here was one of the rejected proposals as they went with one of our more futuristic proposals. 2013 Automotive Design, Drawing, Industrial Design
- Madison UK and Electron Bicycle Light Terra 2 bike light design 2012 Product Design
- Sketches for Chevy Cruze Ad Chevrolet used my sketches for one of their Chevy Cruze TV commercials. We were commissioned to create some reverse engineered car design sketches for one of their advertising agencies. 2013 Advertising, Automotive Design, Drawing
- Concept Graffiti Car Experiment A collaboration between famed Detroit graffiti writer RAMEN and automotive designer Brook Banham came together to start a new movement in the world of design. 2013 Automotive Design, Graffiti, Street Art
- Cybex by Jeremy Scott art direction for Cybex by Jeremy Scott baby strollers look book 2013 Art Direction, Graphic Design
(2012) Redesign of a Commercial Aircraft for 2030
Commercial aviation is a rapidly growing market, all forecasts are estimating at least a one hundred percent increase in the number of flights by 2030, and fuel prices are constantly on the rise. As today's fuel prices climb, airlines become less profitable, air fares go up and airlines are closer to the profitability tipping point. As a result airlines are making major cutbacks, (e.g. passengers are losing comfort and legroom).
The new airplanes (e.g. the Boeing 787) are designed in the safe "Pipe-and-Wings" form. This configuration is at its limit of incremental optimization. This is where the Aerocruiser comes in.
Unlike current designs, my design reduces fuel costs by an estimated 30%, enables a significant extended range of destinations and landing terrains, shortens turnover time and provides improved passenger comfort and experience. I designed, integrated and optimized the aircraft by working closely with aeronautical analysis engineers from NEVO Analysis Consulting Group, and revisited all aspects of the design and use from the ground up: structure, technologies, scenario of use, materials, and propulsion systems. pleas contact me for further information and use. 2012 Automotive Design, Digital Art, Industrial Design - Pyramid Speaker Project A commission to create a set of desktop speakers with a matching subwoofer. 2013 Industrial Design, Product Design, Sound Design
- CCS MFA - GMC 4GO A youth vehicle for GMC. Climbs like a CJ, drives like a jeep. 2011 Automotive Design
- Big Blue Logo design for film production company 2013 Branding, Graphic Design
- Perfect Choice - Patterns Pattern designs used for computer bags linings and mouse pads. 2013 Creative Direction, Graphic Design, Illustration
- TAC V - Jamma Force Protection, the Jamma V-22 ITV Joint All-terrain Modular Mobility Asset Vehicle. Working with Cody Glenn in the early phases of this project we helped in the styling of this vehicle. 2012 Automotive Design
- Volkswagen Polo 444 Interior and Shoe Design Car interior and matching footwear design for a limited edition VW Polo 444. 2012 Automotive Design, Product Design
- Book of manual drawings of an RC helicopter A range of 50 purely manual drawings of one RC helicopter. I then redesigned it as a cat toy. Then we bound all of the drawings into a book. 2012 Drawing, Illustration, Industrial Design
- CCS MFA - Rim Design Exercises in wheel design. 2011 Automotive Design
- Perfect Choice - Messenger Bag Laptop bag design with external pocket for easy phone screen viewing. 2013 Product Design
Resonance car
Resonance car
Though out the days, emotions, and moods music is always a companion. It expresses emotions, attitudes and spirit.
This car provides an exquisite sound chamber by isolating the interior and providing a range of exterior quieting solutions. 2011 Automotive Design, Design - Red Hand Branding, ID and graphic design for this new men's accessories brand Red Hand. 2013 Branding, Graphic Design, Industrial Design
- The Future of Art book design 2012 Graphic Design
- Skreber art book design 2012 Graphic Design
- I Like My Style Magazine design and art direction 2012 Art Direction
- ilikemystyle.net web design and branding 2012 Branding, Web Design
- Movie Poster "Oma & Bella" movie poster 2012 Graphic Design
- GM Exterior Lighting Design Exterior lighting design for the GMC brand. 2012 Automotive Design
- Square Connect corporate design, product design and ui design 2012 Branding, Product Design, User Interface Design
- Breath of the Gods - Movie Poster movie poster design 2012 Graphic Design
- Ferrari - Rossolepre The start of a 2 month long project to design a Ferrari roadster. The CAD in development was done by Remi Marchand from Spectrum Studios. 2011 Automotive Design
- Antje Majewski: My Very Gestures design of an art book 2012 Graphic Design
- Maxim Fashion Art direction for the German biannual men's fashion magazine Maxim Fashion, published by Axel Springer Verlag and MVG. 2006 - 2008 2012 Art Direction
- Vision Street Wear - Skate Shoe Crusader Mid Skate shoe design. Concept of a simple and neoclassical approach. 2012 Product Design
- Kim Jong-Il's North Korea book design 2012 Graphic Design
- CCS MFA - Jeep Cohort Interior Design Project A process book for one of my studio classes at the MFA Transport Design at CCS. Rethinking minivan interiors. 2011 Automotive Design
- Der Freund A German literature magazine published by Axel Springer Verlag, with publisher Christian Kracht and editor in chief Eckhart Nickel in Kathmandu, Nepal. Art direction with Tom Ising. 2004-2006 2012 Art Direction
- Motorstorm Vehicles design of vehicles for video game 2012 Video Game Design
- BMW 5 Series - Brochure art direction BMW 5 Series brochure 2012 Art Direction
- 711rent corporate design 2012 Branding
- The Curious World of Drugs and Their Friends book design 2012 Graphic Design
- SteriShoe - Shoe Sanitizer product design and branding for the SteriShoe shoe sanitzer 2012 Product Design, Branding
- CCS MFA - Vette vs. Stang Vette vs Stang 2011 Automotive Design
- Acme Made - The Slim Pack backpack for Acme Made 2012 Product Design
- Acme Made - Bowler camera bag for Acme Made 2012 Product Design
- Acme Made - Nano Acme Made iPod cases 2012 Product Design
- Hlaska - Bag Line design of a bag line 2012 Product Design
- CCS MFA - Intercity Mass Transit for California Mass transit for California. A train that can carry your own car. No need to get a taxi when you arrive. 2012 Automotive Design, Industrial Design
- CCS MFA - De La Cruise De La Cruise is the embodiment of what a first time car buyer wants. 2012 Automotive Design
- BMW X3 - Brochure BMW X3 brochure design 2012 Art Direction
- BMW Magazine art direction for the BMW corporate magazine 2012 Art Direction
- Book Covers book cover design 2012 Graphic Design


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Hi Ladies Congrats to everyone who Got a BFP This month. I joined Parents in 2009 when I was pregnant with my daughter. I came on everyday until they changed the format. I would always check in on this group to try to support those still trying and congratulate the ones that got their BFP. I check in now about once every 4 months now and the one lady Im always looking for an update is Tara. Im so sorry you dreams havent been fufilled yet. Your dreams will come true I just know it. And what a lucky baby he or she will be. Hope to see that BFP for you the next time I check in. Goodluck to all TTC and lots of Babydust
hey ladies! With school started back, and loads of homework already, (mostly reading) I just wanted to check in.. Tara: glad they filled the clomid for you again.
Alix: You need to say something about not having a break. You sound like you are way overdoing it!!
afm- AF has left the building.. so ready to jump on DH lol. I found some latex free condoms, so we have an excuse to try them out I have to post a webpage for astronomy class about myself.. I feel crazy writing to the world about myself. They could care less.. lol
I called my OBs office and left a message yesterday and she called me this morning. She gave me the results of my beta I took Wednesday and it was 7.4. So I was considered pregnant. Anyway, we discussed options and she suggested I go on bcp for the next year to make sure I don't get pregnant again while l lose weight and get my thyroid back to normal. So I guess I will be starting the pill today. Plus, my dh isn't even 100% on board with TTC another.
lolaj22- Thank you! This journey has been difficult. Those are very kind words and give me hope that it will one day happen for us. You said you had a daughter in 2009...any plans to adding on to your family?
Simone- Going on BCP's. Do they think that your hCG level just hadn't dropped completely back to zero? Or is there a chance this could be new?
Alix- That is nuts. Not cool. You need a break.
AFM- Gone for a couple days on a weekend girls trip which was a lot of fun. DH went on a mamping (man camping) trip and had a good time as well. Feels good to be at home once again and back to the usual.
09-03-2013 09:49 AM - edited 09-03-2013 09:50 AM
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I just checked on it. The OP would have two RSN's that I am aware of: FS Midwest and FS Southwest
Both are full-time HD channels with DirecTV
Both are part-time HD channels with Dish Network
That doesn't sound good to me. I don't know what "part time" means though?
Most Thunder games are on FoxSports Oklahoma (SW), and not having them in HD would be yucky...lol.


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Science is figuring out exactly how the damage is done and what steps can be taken to halt and then heal it
Via Deborah McNelis, Tom Perran
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Rescooped by
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Science is figuring out exactly how the damage is done and what steps can be taken to halt and then heal it
Reminded me of stories of the Romanian orphans from years ago and the power of a hug.
This is so important to so many aspects of our society! ~ As I continue to say, "We ALL benefit when ALL children have well developed brains!"
Rescooped by Ricard Lloria from Positive futures onto Help and Support everybody around the world
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We are in the age of the sharing economy. Disruptive companies are shaking up established businesses in travel, accommodation and services and are uprooting the traditional employment market. Via jean lievens
David Hain's insight:
Future of work is a series of gigs rather than a lifetime in one place. Work on that freelance skillset and mindset now!
Miklos Szilagyi's curator insight,
December 24, 2014 2:54 AM
Yeahhh... the old Industrial Age job security has died, welcome to the new Age of Freelance consulting... It's better to accommodate to that than sing the nostalgia tune...:-)))
It's commonly believed that you should be able to just think your way out of negative feelings, yet this isn't actually how the brain is wired. Once you're frustrated or stressed, you can't effectively tell yourself not to be. This belief has caused a society where people would rather think than feel, be in their heads instead of their hearts, or talk rather than tune inside and listen. This won't lead to lasting happiness.
David Hain's insight:
People who routinely relax have "improved expression of genes that calm down stress reactions, making them more resilient."
Sandeep Gautam's curator insight,
December 22, 2014 2:44 AM
Use the power of habits like mindfulness meditation to be calm and happy no matter what!
Women make up half the population. When they're held back, half the world's potential goes unrealized. But when women and girls are empowered, we're not just better by half.
Today's landscape of design and technology is impressive, to say the least. 2015 will be a hallmark year as more companies adopt the cloud. Via Fred Zimny
David Hain's insight:
Get ready for immersive storytelling!
donhornsby's curator insight,
December 20, 2014 6:32 AM
A great conversation starter about changes for next year. Are you ready for immersive storytelling?
Because recognizing a face is so vital to our social lives, it comes as no surprise that a lot of real estate in the cerebral cortex—the highly convoluted region that makes up the bulk of our brain—is devoted to a task crucial to processing faces and their identity. We note whether someone looks our way or not. We discern emotional expressions, whether they register joy, fear or anger. Indeed, functional brain imaging has identified a set of adjacent regions, referred to as the fusiform face area (FFA), that are situated on the left and the right sides of the brain, at the bottom of the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex. The FFA turns up its activity when subjects look at portraits or close-ups of faces or even when they just think about these images. Via Jocelyn Stoller
David Hain's insight:
What happens in the brain when you see—really "see"—a friend's smile or scowl
This year, we're predicting that a new online political party will emerge in the UK, there will be new ways to interact with our national museums and galleries, and there will be a surge in young people expressing their creativity using new digital tools.
David Hain's insight:
What to expect next year according to NESTA, Uk's innovation institute.
Want to be happier? I have good news and bad news. First, the bad news: Research shows that approximately 33-50% of your level of happiness is hereditary. Your genes dictate your "happiness set point." [here's one article that talks about this]
The education system is failing to bring out the latent talents in all our young people, says Sir Anthony Seldon, master at Wellington College. But what can you, as a business leader, do to help? Exemplify good character traits and lobby government on how it measures schools' success, he urges. According to Seldon, the government lacks trust in schools, pinning them down to one metric only – exam success. Although he acknowledges that exams are probably a necessary ingredient, he argues that they are not a sufficient condition for a good education.
David Hain's insight:
'Education means 'drawing out' – yet most schools don't draw people out in a process that should continue for life. Instead, schools narrow people down to a finishing point that is GCSE or A-level grades." ~ Sir Anthony Seldon
Research by digital consultancy Bell Pottinger Digital has revealed the 15 top digital trends that are set to change the way brands communicate in 2 Via massimo facchinetti
Here are 20 Google tools that every 21st-century digital learning teacher should share with students. Via Tom D'Amico (@TDOttawa) , Bonnie Bracey Sutton, steve batchelder
It is that time of the year when we tend to pause and reflect. What have we achieved this year? What are the highlights of culture, business, technology, and trends that we have observed around us?
Every day we are faced with choices in our careers that will affect us over the long term. Should I volunteer for that new project? Should I ask for a raise? Should I take a sabbatical? Should I say yes to overtime?
David Hain's insight:
Wise career and life advice from Bernard Marr!
A recent article in the Spectator, based on attending a 1-day mindfulness course, said that mindfulness is just an excuse for inaction. This is a perfect example of missing the point. One of the beauties of mindfulness is the ability it gives you to be able to see clearly around daily situations and the decisions we need to make – noticing all of the information available and connecting objectively to how we feel and think about it. Far from creating inaction, this allows us to take action and make decisions from a more balanced, aware and holistic perspective – a skill that is fundamental to strong leadership.
David Hain's insight:
In praise and defence of mindfulness... |
Read 50 experts discuss their visions for the future of everything from technology to the music industry
These obstacle courses for the mind will give you a balanced and highly effective reading curriculum in personal development. Everything from philosophy and cutting-edge neuroscience, to brain hacks and ancient wisdom is covered.
David Hain's insight:
Some suggestions for your positive psychology book wish list this Christmas!
Compassion is a universal virtue, but is it innate or taught? Have we lost touch with it? Can we be better at it? In this hour, TED speakers explore compassion, its roots, its meaning and its future. Sally Kohn: Is It Enough To Be Politically Correct? Via Edwin Rutsch, VISÃO\\VI5I0NTHNG
David Hain's insight:
A plea for compassion this Christmas and in 2015. Here's how, courtesy of TED!
Since that time, hundreds if not thousands of articles have been published on mirror neurons. They have been credited with generating empathy in humans, fostering love between people, and providing new hope in the research on autism. Yet, the term and the idea of "mirror neurons" continue to prompt considerable controversy. Some researchers argue that empirical evidence for the existence of any neurons that function as "mirrors" is scant, while others suggest that neuroscience has yet to fully grasp the implications of neurons behaving in this way. Regardless of the final direction of these debates, the discussion about mirror neurons has pressed neuroscience into new frontiers, and it has suggested new avenues of inquiry for not only scientists, but doctors and psychologists. Among those avenues is a relatively recent field of study called interpersonal neurobiology. While mirror neurons are not the explicit foundation of the new field, the growth of it is virtually unimaginable without the discoveries by Rizzolatti and his Parma team. Via Edwin Rutsch, Jocelyn Stoller
Every year, millions of Americans commit to challenging New Year's resolutions, but research has shown only 8 percent actually stick to them. While it may be grueling to set ambitious goals of weight loss or exercise, starting from within and achieving happiness may be the key to long-term success. To help people find their happy place, Zumba, the global fitness brand known for bringing joy into millions of lives, has teamed up with positive psychology, life coaching and nutrition experts Tal Ben-Shahar, Marci Shimoff, and Dr. Mark Hyman, to create a happiness movement that will enhance satisfaction in all areas of one's life.
David Hain's insight:
Zumba teams with happiness experts to create a happiness movement!
I ended 2013 by compiling something slightly unusual: a list of some of the good news you might have missed. I thought it was a pretty good note to end the year on, and people seemed to like reading about some of the ways the world is becoming a better place. This year, I thought I'd do it again.
David Hain's insight:
The world has more 5th birthdays than ever! Some perspective from Bill Gates in troubled times.
Anderson Cooper puts down the mobile devices to meditate and report on what it's like to try to achieve "mindfulness," a self-awareness scientists say is very healthy, but rarely achieved in today's world of digital distractions. Via Jenny Ebermann
The future of work is already here — that is one thing I've realized with great certainty. Whether we meet this form effectively, and with grace, is unfolding as we speak. We'll all play our role to meet that future — whether we are CEOs, recruiters, mentors or managers.
David Hain's insight:
Time for a new psychological contract?
Decades of research have shown that superior performance requires practicing beyond the point of mastery. The perfect execution of a piano sonata or a tennis serve doesn't mark the end of practice; it signals that the crucial part of the session is just getting underway. New evidence of why this is so was provided by a study published in the Journal of Neuroscienceearlier this month. Assistant professor Alaa Ahmed and two of her colleagues in the integrative physiology department at the University of Colorado-Boulder asked study subjects to move a cursor on a screen by manipulating a robotic arm. As they did so, the researchers measured the participants' energy expenditure by analyzing how much oxygen they inhaled and how much carbon dioxide they breathed out. When the subjects first tackled the exercise, they used up a lot of metabolic power, but this decreased as their skill improved. By the end of the learning process, the amount of effort they expended to carry out the task had declined about 20 percent from when they started. Via Sharrock, Ivon Prefontaine
David Hain's insight:
Keep on practicing, even after it seems the task has been learned. ~ Neuroscience study.
Sharrock's curator insight,
December 16, 2014 6:35 PM
This has been the argument for practicing technical skills as one becomes an artist.
Ivon Prefontaine's curator insight,
December 16, 2014 9:44 PM
Once we think we have mastered something, the enjoyment of practice and performing continues to help develop the skill. @ivon_ehd1
Humans' propensity for altruism can be used for good, or it can be used for evil. The road to genocide can be paved with mirror neurons! Via Anne Leong
David Hain's insight:
In The Altruistic Brain, neurobiologist Donald Pfaff makes the case that humans are hard-wired for good. Not sure I agree, nor does the writer.
"It's someone else's fault," draws a line in the sand and creates a me vs. you scenario. We're on a team here. You should not position the world around you or worse your teammates at work against you.
David Hain's insight:
If you think or say "It's not my fault," you are hurting yourself and setting up win:lose situations. ` Brian de Haaff
"1. I'm imperfect, like everyone else, and that's OK. My self worth is not dependent on an accomplishment, number, or status.
Via Dimitris Tsantaris |


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Angeles Restoration Supervisor
Do you want to help reforest fire-damaged areas? Are you good with people? Do you want to teach others proper high-elevation planting techniques?
Restoration Supervisors manage groups of volunteers and show them the right way to plant trees to ensure their survival.
Requirements: You must be at least 16 years old to be a restoration supervisor. You must attend a free weekend training and one follow-up planting for additional mentoring. After that, we'll put you on our contact list for future Restoration Supervisor opportunities.
Benefits: Forest Aid t-shirt, name badge and the positive feeling of giving.


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Omicron Delta Epsilon
The International Honor Society in Economics
To undergraduate and graduate students interested in becoming members of Omicron Delta Epsilon, the International Honor Society in Economics: The general requirements to be considered for membership, and other relevant information, are as follows:
- All candidates: Overall GPA of 3.0 or better
- Undergraduate candidates: GPA of 3.0 or better in Economics courses (at least 12 hours completed).
- Graduate candidates: GPA of better than 3.0 in Economics courses (for the equivalent of at least one semester of economics graduate work).
- Membership fee: $32.00 (Make check out to: Omicron Delta Epsilon).
- Membership form: Applicants should complete a membership form (obtained from the Department of Economics or click here and submit the completed form to Professor Kent ).
ODE, which dates back to 1915, is one of the world's largest and most prestigious academic honor societies. Its basic objective is to recognize and honor outstanding academic achievements in economics. It also works to promote closer ties between students and faculty and among colleges and universities around the globe. ODE has over 400 chapters throughout the world with over 10,000 active members. Its activities, which have a broad international base that reflects the economic, business, social, and political interdependency of nations, involve such things as publishing a journal, invited speakers, group discussions, dinners, meetings, special projects, and participation in Honors Day celebrations. For a college or university to have a Chapter of ODE it must be fully accredited by the appropriate accrediting body and maintain a Department of Economics with high standards and a wide range of course offerings.
Professor Richard J. Kent
Department of Economics
Email: email@example.com


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40 Days for Life
Daily, from 02/13/2013 to 03/25/2013, 7:00 AM - 7:00 PM
40 Days of Life will take place in Ithaca, NY beginning February 13th from 7am-7pm. 40 days of prayer, fasting and community outreach to end abortion. Volunteers offer peaceful prayers outside the Ithaca Planned Parenthood in one hour blocks or pray from home. For more information call 315-246-7479.


text: "2509 Close-up of Boulder Dam. View taken from the Arizona side, looking downstream. January 24th, 1934. 2512 Downstream face of Boulder Dam, showing foundations for Central Wing of the Power House. January 24th, 1934. 2514 Close-up of slot at the Upstream Face of Boulder Dam. January 24th, 1934. 2510 Upstream face of Boulder Dam. January 24th, 1934."


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Important Information >>
If you love lounging on your deck and need a solid side tile-topped outdoor table to hold your cool drink and snacks, here's the solution. We designed this stylish side table to be simple to build. It's made of white oak and finished with an outdoor stain, so it's sure to handle the weather. The ceramic-tile top provides a durable maintenance-free accent.
For more on how to build this tile-topped outdoor table, please visit our blog (http://americanwoodworker.com/blogs/projects/archive/2011/04/07/aw-extra-tile-topped-outdoor-table.aspx).


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Undergraduate Post-Undergraduate Application
Undergraduate Degree : Post-Undergraduate Application
To complete the application process a graduate applicant MUST review this list in order to gather necessary application materials prior to applying. In addition to saving time and paper, students who apply online will also be able to check their application status by using the log in and personal identification number (PIN) established when starting the online application.
General Instructions
- The application is divided into multiple sections to allow you the option of completing the application in one session or in multiple sessions. Click the "Finish Later" button to save portions of the application you have already completed.
- To return to complete the application at a later time, just enter your Login and PIN.
- To check your application status, click the "Check the Status of an Existing Application" button found on this page. Remember you will need your original Login and PIN to securely check your status.
- Submit your nonrefundable application fee by using a credit card or checking account.
- Post-undergraduate applicants not seeking an additional undergraduate degree need to submit an official college or university transcript from the institution where they earned a bachelor's degree.
- Post-undergraduate applicants seeking an additional undergraduate degree will need to submit official transcripts from each college or university attended.
- Note: Post-undergraduate nursing students are required to submit an official high school transcript.
Thank you for reviewing the undergraduate applicant requirements tip sheet. Please submit your application.


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