text:
An electronic book (variously: e-book, eBook, e-Book, ebook, digital book, or even e-edition) is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on computers or other electronic devices.[1] Although sometimes defined as "an electronic version of a printed book",[2] many e-books exist without any printed equivalent. Commercially produced and sold e-books are usually intended to be read on dedicated e-book readers, however, almost any sophisticated electronic device that features a controllable viewing screen, including computers, tablet computers, and smartphones can also be used to read e-books.
E-book reading is increasing in the US, since by 2014 28% of adults had read an e-book, compared to 23% in 2013. This is increasing because 50% of Americans by 2014 had a dedicated device, either an e-reader or a tablet, compared to 30% owning a device at the end of 2013.[3]
- 1 History
- 2 Formats
- 3 Comparison to printed books
- 4 Production
- 5 e-Readers
- 6 E-reader applications
- 7 Market shares
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
Bob Brown's The Readies (1930)[edit]
The idea of the e-reader came to Bob Brown after watching his first "talkie" (movie with sound). In 1930, he wrote an entire book on this invention and titled it The Readies, playing off the idea of the "talkie".[4] In his book, Brown says movies have outmaneuvered the book by creating the "talkies" and, as a result, reading should find a new medium: "A machine that will allow us to keep up with the vast volume of print available today and be optically pleasing".
Though Brown may have come up with the idea intellectually in the 1930s, early commercial e-readers did not follow his model. Nevertheless, Brown in many ways predicted what e-readers would become and what they would mean to the medium of reading. In an article Jennifer Schuessler writes, "The machine, Brown argued, would allow readers to adjust the type size, avoid paper cuts and save trees, all while hastening the day when words could be 'recorded directly on the palpitating ether.'"[5] He felt the e-reader should bring a completely new life to the medium of reading. Schuessler relates it to a DJ spinning bits of old songs to create a beat or an entirely new song as opposed to just a remix of a familiar song.[5]
Candidates for the first e-book inventor[edit]
The inventor of the first e-book is not widely agreed upon. Some notable candidates include the following:
Roberto Busa (late 1940s)[edit]
The first e-book may be the Index Thomisticus, a heavily annotated electronic index to the works of Thomas Aquinas, prepared by Roberto Busa beginning in 1949 and completed in the 1970s.[6] Although originally stored on a single computer, a distributable CD-ROM version appeared in 1989. However, this work is sometimes omitted; perhaps because the digitized text was a means to studying written texts and developing linguistic concordances, rather than as a published edition in its own right.[7] In 2005, the Index was made available online.[8]
Ángela Ruiz Robles (1949)[edit]
In 1949, Ángela Ruiz Robles, a teacher from Galicia, Spain, patented the first electronic book. It was powered by compressed air. Her intention was to decrease the number of books that her pupils carried to the school.[9]
Doug Engelbart and Andries van Dam (1960s)[edit]
Alternatively, some historians consider electronic books to have started in the early 1960s, with the NLS project headed by Doug Engelbart at Stanford Research Institute (SRI), and the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS projects headed by Andries van Dam at Brown University.[10][11][12] Augment ran on specialized hardware, while FRESS ran on IBM mainframes. FRESS documents were structure-oriented rather than line-oriented, and were formatted dynamically for different users, display hardware, window sizes, and so on, as well as having automated tables of contents, indexes, and so on. All these systems also provided extensive hyperlinking, graphics, and other capabilities. Van Dam is generally thought to have coined the term "electronic book",[13][14] and it was established enough to use in an article title by 1985.[15]
FRESS was used for reading extensive primary texts online, as well as for annotation and online discussions in several courses, including English Poetry and Biochemistry. Brown faculty made extensive use of FRESS; for example the philosopher Roderick Chisholm used it to produce several of his books. Thus in the Preface to Person and Object (1979) he writes "The book would not have been completed without the epoch-making File Retrieval and Editing System ..."[16]
Brown University's leadership in electronic book systems continued for many years, including US Navy funded projects for electronic repair-manuals;[17] a large-scale distributed hypermedia system known as InterMedia;[18] a spinoff company Electronic Book Technologies that built DynaText, the first SGML-based book-reader system; and the Scholarly Technology Group's extensive work on the still-prevalent Open eBook standard.
Michael S. Hart (1971)[edit]
Despite the extensive earlier history, several publications report Michael S. Hart as the inventor of the e-book.[19][20][21] In 1971, the operators of the Xerox Sigma V mainframe at the University of Illinois gave Hart extensive computer-time. Seeking a worthy use of this resource, he created his first electronic document by typing the United States Declaration of Independence into a computer.[22]
Early e-book implementations[edit]
After Hart first adapted the Declaration of Independence into an electronic document in 1971, Project Gutenberg was launched to create electronic copies of more texts - especially books.[22]
Another early e-book implementation was the desktop prototype for a proposed notebook computer, the Dynabook, in the 1970s at PARC: a general-purpose portable personal computer capable of displaying books for reading.[23]
In 1992, Sony launched the Data Discman, an electronic book reader that could read e-books that were stored on CDs. One of the electronic publications that could be played on the Data Discman was called The Library of the Future.[24]
Early e-books were generally written for specialty areas and a limited audience, meant to be read only by small and devoted interest groups. The scope of the subject matter of these e-books included technical manuals for hardware, manufacturing techniques, and other subjects.[citation needed] In the 1990s, the general availability of the Internet made transferring electronic files much easier, including e-books.[citation needed]
E-book formats[edit]
As e-book formats emerged and proliferated,[citation needed] some garnered support from major software companies, such as Adobe with its PDF format and others supported by independent and open-source programmers.[citation needed] Different e-readers followed different formats, most of them specializing in only one format, thereby fragmenting the e-book market even more. Due to the exclusiveness and limited readerships of e-books, the fractured market of independent publishers and specialty authors lacked consensus regarding a standard for packaging and selling e-books.[citation needed]
However, in the late 1990s, a consortium formed to develop the Open eBook format as a way for authors and publishers to provide a single source-document which many book-reading software and hardware platforms could handle. Open eBook as defined required subsets of XHTML and CSS; a set of multimedia formats (others could be used, but there must also be a fallback in one of the required formats), and an XML schema for a "manifest", to list the components of a given e-book, identify a table of contents, cover art, and so on.[citation needed] This format lead to the open format EPUB. Google Books has converted many public domain works to this open format.[25]
In 2010, e-books continued to gain in their own underground markets.[citation needed] Many e-book publishers began distributing books that were in the public domain.[citation needed] At the same time, authors with books that were not accepted by publishers offered their works online so they could be seen by others. Unofficial (and occasionally unauthorized) catalogs of books became available on the web, and sites devoted to e-books began disseminating information about e-books to the public.[26] Nearly two-thirds of the U.S. Consumer e-book publishing market are controlled by the "Big Five". The "Big Five" publishers include: Hachette, HarperCollins, Macmillan, Penguin Random House and Simon & Schuster.[27]
US Libraries began providing free e-books to the public in 1998 through their web sites and associated services,[28] although the e-books were primarily scholarly, technical or professional in nature, and could not be downloaded. In 2003, libraries began offering free downloadable popular fiction and non-fiction e-books to the public, launching an e-book lending model that worked much more successfully for public libraries.[29] The number of library e-book distributors and lending models continued to increase over the next few years. From 2005 to 2008 libraries experienced 60% growth in e-book collections.[30] In 2010, a Public Library Funding and Technology Access Study[31] found that 66% of public libraries in the US were offering e-books,[32] and a large movement in the library industry began seriously examining the issues related to lending e-books, acknowledging a tipping point of broad e-book usage.[33] However, some publishers and authors have not endorsed the concept of electronic publishing, citing issues with demand, piracy and proprietary devices.[34] In a survey of interlibrary loan librarians it was found that 92% of libraries held ebooks in their collections and that 27% of those libraries had negotiated interlibrary loan rights for some of their ebooks. This survey found significant barriers to conducting interlibrary loan for ebooks.[35] Demand-driven acquisition (DDA) has been around for a few years in public libraries, which allows vendors to streamline the acquisition process by offering to match a library's selection profile to the vendor's e-book titles.[36] The library's catalog is then populated with records for all the e-books that match the profile.[36] The decision to purchase the title is left to the patrons, although the library can set purchasing conditions such as a maximum price and purchasing caps so that the dedicated funds are spent according to the library's budget.[36] The 2012 meeting of the Association of American University Presses included a panel on patron-drive acquisition (PDA) of books produced by university presses based on a preliminary report by Joseph Esposito, a digital publishing consultant who has studied the implications of PDA with a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.[37]
Although the want for e-book services in libraries has grown, and so the number of people with e-readers, some difficulties still keep libraries from being able to provide the popular technology. Just recently have most big publishers agreed to sell e-books to libraries for public use. It has taken many years but publishers of electronic books now realize that libraries providing an e-book to patrons can be a huge opportunity for advertising and usually results in patrons becoming customers.[38] Also, even though publishers will sell e-books to libraries now, they can only have the limited license to the book in most cases. This means the library does not own the electronic text but that they can circulate it for either a certain period of time or a certain amount of check outs, or both... then it's gone. When the facility does make the decision to purchase the e-book license, the cost is three times what it would could for a personal consumer.[38]
Archival storage[edit]
The Internet Archive and Open Library offers over 6,000,000 fully accessible public domain eBooks.
Dedicated hardware readers and mobile reader software[edit]
There have been several generations of dedicated hardware e-book readers. The Rocket eBook[39] and several others were introduced around 1998, but did not gain widespread acceptance. The establishment of the E Ink Corporation in 1997 led to the development of electronic paper, a technology which allows a display screen to reflect light like ordinary paper without the need for a backlight; electronic paper was incorporated first into the Sony Librie (released in 2004) and Sony Reader (2006), followed by the Amazon Kindle, a device which, upon its release in 2007, sold out within five hours.
As of 2009[update], new marketing models for e-books were being developed and a new generation of reading hardware was produced. E-books (as opposed to e-book readers) have yet to achieve global distribution. In the United States, as of September 2009, the Amazon Kindle model and Sony's PRS-500 were the dominant e-reading devices.[40] By March 2010, some reported that the Barnes & Noble Nook may be selling more units than the Kindle in the US.[41]
On January 27, 2010 Apple Inc. launched a multi-function device called the iPad[42] and announced agreements with five of the six largest publishers[citation needed] that would allow Apple to distribute e-books.[43] The iPad includes a built-in app for e-books called iBooks and the iBookstore. The iPad, the first commercially profitable tablet computer, was followed in 2011 by the release of the first Android-based tablets as well as LCD versions of the Nook and Kindle; unlike previous dedicated e-readers, tablet computers are multi-function, utilize LCD displays (and usually touchscreens), and (like iOS and Android) be more agnostic to e-book vendor applications, allowing for installation of other e-book vendors. The growth in general-purpose tablet computer use allowed for further growth in popularity of e-books in the 2010s.
In July 2010, online bookseller Amazon.com reported sales of e-books for its proprietary Kindle outnumbered sales of hardcover books for the first time ever during the second quarter of 2010, saying it sold 140 e-books for every 100 hardcover books, including hardcovers for which there was no digital edition.[44] By January 2011, e-book sales at Amazon had surpassed its paperback sales.[45] In the overall US market, paperback book sales are still much larger than either hardcover or e-book; the American Publishing Association estimated e-books represented 8.5% of sales as of mid-2010, up from 3% a year before.[46] At the end of the first quarter of 2012, e-book sales in the United States surpassed hardcover book sales for the first time.[47]
In Canada, The Sentimentalists won the prestigious national Giller Prize. Owing to the small scale of the novel's independent publisher, the book was initially not widely available in printed form, but the e-book edition became the top-selling title for Kobo devices in 2010.[48]
Until late 2013, use of e-book readers was not allowed on airplanes during takeoff and landing.[49] In November 2013, the FAA allowed use of e-readers on airplanes at all times if it is in Airplane Mode, which means all radios turned off, and Europe followed this guidance the next month.[50] In 2014, the New York Times predicted that by 2018 e-books will make up over 50% of total consumer publishing revenue in the United States and Great Britain.[51]
This section possibly contains original research. (January 2015) |
Until 1979[edit]
- ~1949
- Roberto Busa begins planning the Index Thomisticus[7]
- ~1963
- Doug Engelbart starts the NLS (and later Augment) projects
- ~1965
- Andries van Dam starts the HES (and later FRESS) projects, with assistance from Ted Nelson, and other faculty at Brown University[who?] develop and use electronic textbooks for poetry and biology.[citation needed]
- 1971
- Michael S. Hart types the US Declaration of Independence into a computer and launches Project Gutenberg to create electronic copies of more books.[22]
- 1978
- The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy radio series launches (first novel published in 1979), featuring an electronic reference book containing all knowledge in the Galaxy (plus much more). Unlike real electronic books, this vast amount of data could be fit into something the size of a large paperback book, with updates received over the "Sub-Etha" (possibly a play on ethernet,[citation needed] which in turn is a play on the concept of the aether.[citation needed])
- 1985–1992
- Robert Stein starts Voyager Company Expanded Books and books on CD-ROM.
- Susan Abrahams Ltd Oxford (1988), electronic publishing startup for authors
- 1990
- Eastgate Systems publishes the first hypertext fiction, "Afternoon, a story", by Michael Joyce, available on floppy disk.
- Electronic Book Technologies releases DynaText, the first SGML-based system for delivering large-scale books such as aircraft technical manuals. It was later tested on a US aircraft carrier as replacement for paper manuals, allowing the ship to rest 6" higher in the water.
- 1992
- Sony launches the Data Discman electronic book reader.[52]
- Charles Stack's Book Stacks Unlimited begins selling new physical books online.
- 1992–1993
- F. Crugnola and I. Rigamonti design and create the first e-book reader, called Incipit, as a thesis project at the Politecnico di Milano.[53]
- 1993
- Digital Book, Inc. offers digital books on floppy disk in Digital Book Format(DBF).[citation needed]
- Hugo Award for Best Novel nominee texts published on CD-ROM by Brad Templeton.[citation needed]
- Bibliobytes, a project of free digital books online in Internet, launches.[citation needed]
- 1994
- C & M Online is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina and publishes e-books through its imprint, Boson Books. Authors include Fred Chappell, Kelly Cherry, Leon Katz, Richard Popkin, and Robert Rodman.
- 1995
- Amazon starts to sell physical books on the Internet.[54]
- Online poet Alexis Kirke discusses the need for wireless internet electronic paper readers in his article "The Emuse".[55]
- 1996
- Project Gutenberg reaches 1,000 titles. The target is 1,000,000.[citation needed]
- 1997
- E Ink Corporation is co-founded in 1997 by Joseph Jacobson, whose technology is later used to develop products like the Sony Reader, Barnes & Noble Nook, and Amazon Kindle.
- 1998
- Kim Blagg obtained the first ISBN issued to an ebook[dubious ][56] and began marketing multimedia-enhanced ebooks on CDs through retailers including amazon.com, bn.com and borders.com. Shortly thereafter, through her company Books OnScreen, she introduced the ebooks at the Book Expo America in Chicago, IL to an impressed, but unconvinced bookseller audience.[citation needed]
- The first ebook readers[citation needed] - Rocket ebook and SoftBook - were introduced.
- The Cybook / Cybook Gen1 was sold and manufactured at first by Cytale (1998–2003) then by Bookeen.
- Websites began selling ebooks in English, such as eReader.com and eReads.com.[citation needed]
- 1999
- Baen Books opens up the Baen Free Library.[citation needed]
- Webscriptions (since renamed Baen Ebooks) starts selling Baen titles as unencrypted eBooks.
- 2000
- Microsoft Reader with ClearType technology.[citation needed]
- Stephen King offers his book Riding the Bullet as a digital file; it can only be read on a computer.[citation needed]
- Digital Book Index begins operation. DBI and the Online Books Page both organize electronic books from disparate sites into single, searchable indexes, creating large virtual libraries of ebooks.[citation needed]
- 2001
- Todoebook.com, the first website selling ebooks in Spanish.[citation needed]
- 2002
- Random House and HarperCollins start to sell digital versions of their titles in English.[citation needed]
- 2004
- Sony Librie, first ebook using e-ink.[citation needed]
- Google announces plans to digitize the holdings of several major libraries,[57] as part of what would later be called the Google Books Library Project.
- 2005
- Amazon buys Mobipocket.
- Google is sued for copyright infringement by the Authors Guild for scanning books still in copyright.[58]
- 2006
- Sony Reader with e-ink.[citation needed]
- LibreDigital launched BookBrowse as an online reader for publisher content.[citation needed]
- 2007
- Amazon launches Kindle in US.
- Bookeen launches Cybook Gen3 in Europe.
- 2008
- Adobe and Sony agree to share their technologies (Adobe Reader and DRM).[citation needed]
- Sony sells the Sony Reader PRS-505 in UK and France.
- 2009
- Bookeen releases the Cybook Opus in the US and in Europe.
- Sony releases the Reader Pocket Edition and Reader Touch Edition.
- Amazon releases the Kindle 2.
- Amazon releases the Kindle DX in the US.
- Barnes & Noble releases the Nook in the US.
- 2010
- Amazon releases the Kindle DX International Edition worldwide.
- Bookeen reveals the Cybook Orizon at CES.[59]
- TurboSquid Magazine announces first magazine publication using Apple's iTunes LP format, however, this project was cancelled before it reached the market.[citation needed]
- Apple releases the iPad with an e-book app called iBooks. Between its release in April 2010 to March 2011, Apple had sold 15 million iPads.[60]
- Kobo Inc. releases its Kobo eReader to be sold at Indigo/Chapters in Canada and Borders in the United States.
- Amazon reports that its ebook sales outnumbered sales of hardcover books for the first time ever during the second quarter of 2010.[44]
- Amazon releases the third generation Kindle, available in 3G+Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi versions.
- BeBook releases the BeBook Neo, first e-reader in Europe with Wi-FI.[citation needed]
- Kobo Inc. releases an updated Kobo eReader, which now includes Wi-Fi.
- Barnes & Noble releases the new NOOK Color.
- Sony releases its second generation Daily Edition PRS-950.[citation needed]
- Google launches Google eBooks offering over 3 million titles, becoming the world's largest ebookstore.
- PocketBook expands its line with an Android ereader.[61]
- 2011
- Amazon.com announces in May that its e-book sales in the US now exceed all of its printed book sales.[62]
- Barnes & Noble releases the NOOK Simple Touch ereader[63] and NOOK Tablet
- Bookeen launches its own e-books store, BookeenStore.com, and starts to sell digital versions of titles in French.[64]
- Nature Publishing publishes Principles of Biology, a customizable, modular textbook, with no corresponding paper edition.
- The e-reader market grows in Spain, and companies like Telefónica, Fnac, and Casa del Libro (the most important Spanish bookshop[citation needed]) launches their e-readers with the Spanish brand bq readers.
- Amazon launches the Kindle Fire and Kindle Touch.
- 2012
- PocketBook starts selling PocketBook Touch, an e-ink Pearl eReader, winning awards from German magazines Tablet PC and Computer Bild.[non-primary source needed][65][66]
- Kbuuk released the cloud-based eBook self-publishing SaaS platform[67] on the Pubsoft digital publishing engine.
- Apple releases iBooks Author, software for creating iPad e-books to be directly published in its iBooks bookstore or to be shared as PDF files.[68]
- Apple opens a textbook section in its iBooks bookstore.[69]
- The publishing companies Random House, Holtzbrinck, and arvato get an e-book library called Skoobe on the market.[70]
- US Department of Justice prepares anti-trust lawsuit against Apple, Simon & Schuster, Hachette Book Group, Penguin Group, Macmillan, and HarperCollins, alleging collusion to increase the price of books sold on Amazon.[71][72]
- Amazon.com releases the Kindle Paperwhite, its first e-reader with a built-in light.
- Library.nu - previously called ebooksclub.org and gigapedia.com, a popular linking website for downloading ebooks - was accused of copyright infringement and shut down by court order on February 15, 2012.[73]
- Ebooks sold in the US market collects over 3 billion in revenue.[74]
- 2013
- On April 27, 2013, Barnes & Noble posts losses of $475 million on its NOOK business for the prior fiscal year and in June 2013 announces its intention to discontinue manufacturing NOOK tablets, although it plans to continue making and designing black-and-white e-readers like the Nook Simple Touch, which "are more geared to serious readers, who are its customers, than to tablets".[75]
- The Association of American Publishers announces that ebooks now account for about 20% of book sales. Barnes & Noble estimates it has a 27% share of the U.S. e-books market.[75]
- Apple executive Keith Moerer testifies in the ongoing e-book price fixing trial that the iBookstore held approximately 20% of the ebook market share in the United States within the months after launch - a figure that Publishers Weekly reports is roughly double many of the previous estimates made by third parties. Moerer further testified that iBookstore acquired about an additional 20% by adding Random House in 2011.[76]
- Five major US e-book publishers, as part of their settlement of a price-fixing suit, will have to refund about $3 for every electronic copy of a New York Times best-seller that they sold from April 2010 to May 2012.[74] This could equal $160 million in settlement charges.
- US District Court Judge Denise Cote finds Apple guilty of conspiring to raise the retail price of e-books and schedules a trial in 2014 to determine damages.[77]
- Scribd launched the first public unlimited access subscription service for e-books.[78]
- Oyster launched its unlimited access e-book subscription service.[79]
- 2014
- US District Court Judge Cote grants class action certification to plaintiffs in a lawsuit over Apple's alleged e-book price conspiracy; the plaintiffs are seeking $840 million in damages.[80] Apple appeals the decision.
- Apple settles ebook antitrust case that alleged Apple conspired to ebook price-fixing out of court; however if Judge Cote's ruling is overturned in appeal then the settlement will be reversed.[81]
- Amazon.com launched Kindle Unlimited as an unlimited-access e-book and audiobook subscription service.[82]
Writers and publishers have many formats to choose from when publishing ebooks. Each format has advantages and disadvantages. The most popular ebook readers[83][84] and their natively supported formats are shown below.
Reader | Native E-Book Formats |
Amazon Kindles and Kindle Fire tablets[85] | AZW, AZW3, PDF, TXT, non-DRM MOBI, PRC |
Nook Simple Touch,[86] Nook Tablet | EPUB, PDF |
Apple iPad[87] | EPUB, IBA (Multitouch books made via iBooks Author), PDF |
Sony Reader PRS-350, PRS-650, PRS-950[85] | EPUB, PDF, TXT, RTF, DOC, BBeB |
Kobo eReader, Kobo Touch, Kobo Arc[88][89] | EPUB, PDF, TXT, RTF, HTML, CBR (comic), CBZ (comic) |
PocketBook Reader, PocketBook Touch[90][91] | EPUB DRM, EPUB, PDF DRM, PDF, FB2, FB2.ZIP, TXT, DJVU, HTM, HTML, DOC, DOCX, RTF, CHM, TCR, PRC (MOBI) |
Comparison to printed books[edit]
Spatial benefits[edit]
Over 2 million free e-books were available between July 4 and August 4 in 2009.[92] Mobile availability of e-books may be provided for users with a mobile data connection, so that these e-books need not be stored on the device. In the space that a comparably sized print book takes up, an e-reader can potentially contain thousands of e-books, limited only by its memory capacity.
Mechanical and multimedia benefits[edit]
E-book websites can include the ability to translate books into many different languages, making the works available to speakers of languages not covered by printed translations. However, the quality of the machine translation can be low.
Depending on the device, an e-book may be readable in low light or even total darkness. Many newer readers have the ability to display motion, enlarge or change fonts,[93] use Text-to-speech software to read the text aloud for visually impaired, partially sighted, elderly or dyslectic people or just for convenience, search for key terms, find definitions, or allow highlighting bookmarking and annotation. Additionally, e-books allow for readers to look up words or find more information about the topic immediately. Material can be organized however the author prefers and is not limited to a linear path through the book as hyper-text can allow a number of paths through the material.[94]
Printed books use 3 times more raw materials and 78 times more water to produce.[95] than e-books. However, the manufacture and distribution of e-book hardware (both the readers and the servers from which books are downloaded) consume materials and energy; the disposal of e-book hardware creates electronic waste; and the storage, distribution, and reading of e-books consume energy.
Depending upon the software support and used formats, non-textual multimedia can also be embedded into e-book pages as widgets, including images (and image galleries), videos, audio files and interactive (still or animated) models; this is similar to HTML elements which allow for presentation of multimedia content through embedding of the content inside web pages. This results in e-books offering richer reading experiences than is possible through traditional, physical books.
E-books, while often presented as "flipping" between "pages" (in a skeumorphic nod to traditional book design), are not necessarily limited to such presentation, and entries can be presented through downward scrolling; further, more novel widgets interactive widgets for revealing additional textual information can be added to an e-book.
Distributive and access benefits[edit]
While an e-book reader costs much more than most individual books, ebooks may be cheaper than paper books.[citation needed] Moreover, numerous e-books are available online free of charge.[citation needed] For example, all fiction from before the year 1900 is in the public domain.[citation needed] Also, libraries lend both classic and current e-book titles for limited times,[citation needed] free samples are available of many publications, and there are other lending models being piloted as well.[citation needed][which?] E-books can be printed for less than the price of traditional new books using new on-demand book printers.[citation needed]
An e-book can be purchased/borrowed, downloaded, and used immediately, whereas when one buys or borrows a tangible book, one must go to a bookshop, a home library, or public library during limited hours, or wait for a delivery.[citation needed]
Depending on possible digital rights management, e-books (unlike physical books) can be backed up and recovered in the case of loss or damage to the device on which they are stored, and it may be possible to recover a new copy without incurring an additional cost from the distributor.[citation needed] Compared to printed publishing, it is cheaper and easier for authors to self-publish e-books. Also, the dispersal of a free e-book copy can stimulate the sales of the printed version.[96]
Digital rights management[edit]
Anti-circumvention techniques may be used to restrict what the user may do with an e-book. For instance, it may not be possible to transfer ownership of an e-book to another person, though such a transaction is common with physical books. Some devices can phone home to track readers and reading habits, restrict printing, or arbitrarily modify reading material. This includes restricting the copying and distribution of works in the public domain through the use of "click-wrap" licensing, effectively limiting the rights of the public to distribute, sell or use texts in the public domain freely.
Most e-book publishers do not warn their customers about the possible implications of the digital rights management tied to their products. Generally they claim that digital rights management is meant to prevent copying of the e-book. However in many cases it is also possible that digital rights management will result in the complete denial of access by the purchaser to the e-book.[97] With some formats of DRM, the e-book is tied to a specific computer or device. In these cases the DRM will usually let the purchaser move the book a limited number of times after which they cannot use it on any additional devices. If the purchaser upgrades or replaces their devices eventually they may lose access to their purchase. Some forms of digital rights management depend on the existence of online services to authenticate the purchasers. When the company that provides the service goes out of business or decides to stop providing the service, the purchaser will no longer be able to access the e-book.
As with digital rights management in other media, e-books are more like rental or leasing than purchase. The restricted book comes with a number of restrictions, and eventually access to the purchase can be removed by a number of different parties involved. These include the publisher of the book, the provider of the DRM scheme, and the publisher of the reader software.
The e-books sold by most major publishers and electronic retailers, including notably Amazon.com, Google and Apple Inc., are DRM-protected and tied to the publisher's e-reader software or hardware. The first major publisher to omit DRM was Tor Books, one of the largest publishers of science fiction and fantasy, in 2012. Smaller e-book publishers such as O'Reilly Media, Carina Press and Baen Books had already forgone DRM previously.[98]
In the 2000s, some websites including library.nu, BookFinder and Library Genesis allowed downloading ebooks by violating copyright.[99] Library.nu was shut down and BookFinder converted to being a legal ebook search engine.
Some e-books are produced simultaneously with the production of a printed format, as described in electronic publishing, though in many instances they may not be put on sale until later. Often, e-books are produced from pre-existing hard-copy books, generally by document scanning, sometimes with the use of robotic book scanners, having the technology to quickly scan books without damaging the original print edition. Scanning a book produces a set of image files, which may additionally be converted into text format by an OCR program.[100] Occasionally, as in some e-text projects, a book may be produced by re-entering the text from a keyboard.
As a newer development, sometimes only the electronic version of a book is produced by the publisher.[examples needed] It is even possible to release an e-book chapter by chapter as each chapter is written.[examples needed] This is useful in fields such as information technology where topics can change quickly in the months that it takes to write a typical book. It is also possible to convert an electronic book to a printed book by print on demand. However these are exceptions as tradition dictates that a book be launched in the print format and later if the author wishes an electronic version is produced.
As of 2010, there is no industry-wide e-book bestseller list,[citation needed] but various e-book vendors compile bestseller lists, such as those by Amazon Kindle Bestsellers[101] and Fictionwise.[102]
An e-reader, also called an e-book reader or e-book device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading e-books and digital periodicals. An e-book reader is similar in form, but oftentimes more limited in purpose than, a tablet. In comparison to tablets, many E-readers are better than tablets for reading because e-readers are more portable, have better readability in sunlight (if they are e-ink readers), and may have longer battery life.[citation needed]
E-reader applications[edit]
Additionally, some of the major book retailers and multiple third-party developers offer free (and in some third-party cases, premium paid) e-reader applications for the Mac and PC computers as well as for Android, Blackberry, iPad, iPhone, Windows Phone and Palm OS devices to allow the reading of e-books and other documents independently of dedicated e-book devices. Examples are apps for the Amazon Kindle, Barnes & Noble Nook, Kobo eReader, and Sony Reader.
See also[edit]
- ^ Gardiner, Eileen and Ronald G. Musto. "The Electronic Book." In Suarez, Michael Felix, and H. R. Woudhuysen. The Oxford Companion to the Book. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 164.
- ^ "e-book". Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford University Press. (accessed September 2, 2010).
- ^ E-reading rises as device ownership jumps. Pew Research. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ The Readies - Bob Brown - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-28.
- ^ a b Schuessler, Jennifer (2010-04-11). "The Godfather of the E-Reader". The New York Times.
- ^ "Stop the reader, Fr. Busa has died". L'Osservatore Romano. Retrieved 2011-08-11.
- ^ a b Priego, Ernesto (12 August 2011). "Father Roberto Busa: one academic's impact on HE and my career". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ Index Thomisticus
- ^ Lallanilla, Marc. "Is This 1949 Device the World's First E-Reader?". Live Science. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ Steven J. DeRose and Andries van Dam (1999). "Document Structure and Markup in the FRESS Hypertext System". Markup Languages 1 (1): 7–32. doi:10.1162/109966299751940814.
- ^ Steven Carmody, Walter Gross, Theodor H. Nelson, David Rice, and Andries van Dam. "A Hypertext Editing System for the /360" in Faiman and Nievergelt (eds.) Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graphics: Proceedings of the Second 17 University of Illinois Conference on Computer Graphics, pp. 291–330, University of Illinois Press, 1969.
- ^ [van dam & Rice 1970] Andries van Dam and David E. Rice. "Computers and Publishing: Writing, Editing and Printing" in Advances in Computers 10, pp. 145–174, Academic Press, 1970.
- ^ Edwin D. Reilly. Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology, p. 85. Greenwood Publishing Group, Aug 30, 2003. http://books.google.com/books?id=JTYPKxug49IC&pg=PA85
- ^ Hamm, Steve, "Bits & Bytes: Making E-Books Easier on the Eyes," Business Week, December 14, 1998, p. 134B. Cited in Stephanie Ardito, "Electronic Books: To "E" or not to "E"; that is the question." Ardito Information & Research, Inc. http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/apr00/ardito.htm
- ^ Reading and Writing the Electronic Book. Nicole Yankelovich, Norman Meyrowitz, and Andries van Dam. IEEE Computer 18(10), October 1985. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=4407
- ^ Roderick M. Chisholm (16 August 2004). Person And Object: A Metaphysical Study. Psychology Press. pp. 11–. ISBN 978-0-415-29593-2. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ^ "An experimental system for creating and presenting interactive graphical documents." ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 1(1), Jan. 1982
- ^ Nicole Yankelovich, Norman K. Meyrowitz, and Andries van Dam (1985). "Reading and Writing the Electronic Book". IEEE Computer Magazine 18 (10): 15–30. doi:10.2200/S00215ED1V01Y200907ICR009.
- ^ Michael S. Hart, Project Gutenberg
- ^ Flood, Alison (8 September 2011). "Michael Hart, inventor of the ebook, dies aged 64". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ Grimes, William (8 September 2011). "Michael Hart, a Pioneer of E-Books, Dies at 64". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ a b c Alison Flood (2011-09-08). "Michael Hart, inventor of the ebook, dies aged 64". London: Guardian. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ Personal Dynamic Media – By Alan Kay and Adele Goldberg
- ^ The book and beyond: electronic publishing and the art of the book. Text of an exhibition held at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 1995.
- ^ Where do these books come from? Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ^ eBooks: la guerra digital global por el dominio del libro – By Chimo Soler (Historian)
- ^ "Frequently asked questions regarding e-books and U.S. libraries". Transforming Libraries. American Library Association. 2014-10-03. Retrieved 2014-10-09.
- ^ Doris Small. "E-books in libraries: some early experiences and reactions." Searcher 8.9 (2000): 63–5.
- ^ Genco, Barbara. "It's been Geometric! Documenting the Growth and Acceptance of eBooks in America's Urban Public Libraries." IFLA Conference, July 2009.
- ^ Saylor, Michael (2012). The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything. Vanguard Press. p. 124. ISBN 1-59315-720-7.
- ^ Libraries Connect Communities: Public Library Funding & Technology Access Study 2009–2010. ala.org
- ^ "66% of Public Libraries in US offering e-Books". Libraries.wright.edu. 2010-08-18. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ "At the Tipping Point: Four voices probe the top e-book issues for librarians." Library Journal, August 2010
- ^ "J.K. Rowling refuses e-books for Potter". USA Today. 2005-06-14.
- ^ Linda Frederiksen, Joel Cummings, Lara Cummings and Diane Carroll. "Ebooks and Interlibrary Loan." Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery and Electronic Reserves. 21(31), 2011. 117-131. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1072303X.2011.585102#
- ^ a b c Becker, B. W. The e-Book Apocalypse: A Survivor's Guide. Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian v. 30 no. 3 (July 2011) p. 181–4
- ^ Steve Kolowich, "Affection for PDA," Inside Higher Ed June 20, 2012 http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/06/20/research-foresees-demand-driven-book-acquisition-replacing-librarians-discretion#ixzz1ycQKnfeo
- ^ a b "Library Ebook Vendors Assess the Road Ahead". The Digital Shift.
- ^ MobileRead Wiki – Rocket eBook. Wiki.mobileread.com (2011-11-20). Retrieved on 2012-04-12.
- ^ Take, First (2010-09-11). "Bookeen Cybook OPUS | ZDNet UK". Community.zdnet.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ Rodney Chan Nook outnumbers Kindle in March, says Digitimes Research, DIGITIMES, Taipei, 26 April 2010
- ^ "iPad – See the web, email, and photos like never before". Apple. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ "Apple Launches iPad". Apple.com. 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ a b "E-Books Top Hardcovers at Amazon". New York Times. 2010-07-19. Retrieved 2010-07-19.
- ^ "Amazon Media Room: Press Releases". Phx.corporate-ir.net. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ Lynn Neary, Don Gonyea (2010-07-27). "Conflict Widens In E-Books Publishing". NPR. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
- ^ eBook Revenues Top Hardcover - GalleyCat. Mediabistro.com (2012-06-15). Retrieved on 2013-08-28.
- ^ "Scarcity of Giller-winning 'Sentimentalists' a boon to eBook sales". Toronto Star, November 12, 2010.
- ^ Matt Phillips (2009-05-07). "Kindle DX: Must You Turn it Off for Takeoff and Landing?". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
- ^ "Cleared for take-off: Europe allows use of e-readers on planes from gate to gate". The Independent.
- ^ In Europe, Slower Growth for e-Books. New York Times (2014-11-12). Retrieved on 2014-12-05.
- ^ Coburn, M., Burrows, P., Loi, D., Wilkins, L. (2001). Cope, B. & Kalantzis, D. Melbourne, ed. "E-book readers directions in enabling technologies". Print and Electronic Text Convergence. Common Ground. pp. 145–182.
- ^ "Foto Franco, l'uomo che inventò l'e-book "Ma nel 1993 nessuno ci diede retta" – 1 di 10". Milano.repubblica.it. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ Wasserman, Steve (May 29, 2012). "The Amazon Effect". The Nation. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ Alexis KIRKE (1995). "The Emuse: Symbiosis and the Principles of Hyperpoetry". Brink (Electronic Poetry Centre, University of Buffalo).
- ^ Several e-books published in DynaText were assigned ISBNs from 1990 onwards, such as an edition of Chaucer's The Wife of Bath's Prologue, ISBN 0-521-46593-1.
- ^ "Checks Out Library Books – News from". Google. 2004-12-14. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ Samuelson, Pamela (July 2010). "Legally speaking: Should the Google Book settlement be approved?". Communications of the ACM 53 (7): 32–34. doi:10.1145/1785414.1785429.
- ^ "Bookeen debuts Orizon touchscreen e-book reader". Engadget. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ "Apple Launches iPad 2 (Announcement)" (Press release). Apple. March 2, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
- ^ Obaiduzzaman Khan (August 22, 2010). "Pocketbook e-reader with Android". thetechjournal.com.
- ^ Rapaport, Lisa (2011-05-19). "Amazon.com Says Kindle E-Book Sales Surpass Printed Books for First Time". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ "The Simple Touch Reader". LJ Interactive 24th May 2011.
- ^ "Bookeen launches a new e-book store". E-reader-info.com. 2011-08-01. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ "IT Magazine about ereaders". Pocketbook-int.com. 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- ^ "Test of ereaders in 2012". Pocketbook-int.com. 2012-06-20. Retrieved 2012-09-16.
- ^ "Kbuuk announces competition for self-published authors - HOUSTON, June 15, 2012 /PRNewswire-iReach/". texas: Prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
- ^ Chloe Albanesius (January 19, 2012). "Apple Targets Educators Via iBooks 2, iBooks Author, iTunes U App". PCMag.com.
- ^ Josh Lowensohn (January 19, 2012). "Apple unveils iBooks 2 for digital textbooks, self-pub app (live blog)". CNET.
- ^ Skoobe: publishing houses start e-book library (german)
- ^ Cooper, Charles. (2012-03-09) Go feds! E-books are way overpriced | Internet & Media – CNET News. News.cnet.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-12.
- ^ Catan, Thomas & Trachtenberg, Jeffrey A. (March 9, 2012). "U.S. Warns Apple, Publishers". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
- ^ "Gigapedia: The greatest, largest and the best website for downloading eBooks". Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ a b Hughes, Evan. (2013-08-20) The Publishing Industry is Thriving. New Republic. Retrieved on 2013-10-09.
- ^ a b Phil Wahba Reuters (June 25, 2013). "Barnes & Noble to stop making most of its own Nook tablets". NBC News.
- ^ Eric Slivka (June 12, 2013). "Apple Claims 20% of U.S. E-Book Market, Double Previous Estimates". MacRumors.
- ^ Judge finds Apple guilty of fixing e-book prices (Updated). Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^ Metz, Cade. "Scribd Challenges Amazon and Apple With 'Netflix for Books'". Wired. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
- ^ Chaey, Christina (2013-09-05). "With Oyster, keep 100,000 books in your pocket for $10 a month". Fast Company. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
- ^ "Apple faces certified class action suit over e-book price conspiracy". Ars. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
- ^ "Apple settles ebook antitrust case, set to pay millions in damages". ZDNet. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
- ^ About Kindle Unlimited.
- ^ a b McCracken, Jeffrey (2011-03-23). "Barnes & Noble Said to Be Likely to End Search Without Buyer". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ a b Barbour, Mary Beth (2011-11-08). "BlackBerry, Apple, Kobo Top Brands in Canada's Mobile Device Market". Ipsos Reid. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
- ^ a b Suleman, Khidr (September 20, 2010). "Sony Reader Touch and Amazon Kindle 3 go head-to-head". The Inquirer. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ "Beyond Ebooks". Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ^ Patel, Nilay (January 27, 2010). "The Apple iPad: starting at $499". Engadget. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
- ^ Covert, Adrian. "Kobo Touch E-Reader: You'll Want to Love It, But ...". Gizmodo.com. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
- ^ "Kobo eReader Touch Specs". Retrieved 29 June 2011.
- ^ Kozlowski, Michael. "Hands on review of the Pocketbook PRO 902 9.7 inch e-Reader". goodereader.com. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
- ^ "PocketBook Touch Specs". Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ^ by gwilson (2009-07-09). "2 million free eBooks". Law.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ Harris, Christopher. "The Truth About Ebooks." School Library Journal 55, no. 6 (2009): 18. Wilson Select Plus. Online Database
- ^ Saylor, Michael (2012). The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything. Vanguard Press. p. 54. ISBN 1-59315-720-7.
- ^ Goleman, Daniel (2010-04-04). "How Green Is My iPad". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ Doctorow, Cory (2006-12-01). "Giving It Away". Forbes.
- ^ Pogue, David (2009-07-17). "Case where Amazon remotely deleted titles from purchasers' devices". Pogue.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ "Tor/Forge Plans DRM-Free e-Books By July". Publishers Weekly. 24 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
- ^ Kelty, Christopher M., "The disappearing virtual library", Al Jazeera, 1 March 2012
- ^ Kimberly Maul Checking Out the Machines Behind Book Digitization. thebookstandard.com. February 21, 2006
- ^ "Amazon Kindle Bestsellers". Amazon.com. 2009-09-09. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ "Fictionwise Bestseller eBooks". Fictionwise.com. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electronic books. |
- Doctorow, Cory (February 12, 2004). Ebooks: Neither E, Nor Books, O'Reilly Emerging Technologies Conference
- James, Bradley (November 20, 2002). The Electronic Book: Looking Beyond the Physical Codex, SciNet
- Lynch, Clifford (May 28, 2001). The Battle to Define the Future of the Book in the Digital World, First Monday – Peer reviewed journal on the
- Project Gutenberg
- About the Google Book Settlement (GBS) and online books (rights)
- E-Books Spark Battle Inside Publishing Industry (Washington Post, 27 Dec 2009)
- E-book at DMOZ


text:
I was fliping through FFG site and waiting for the announcement of SW RPG and then it come. It Look great and as a core book You get a hardcover book with 450 pages full of all the stuff You need to play. My question is why did WFRP had nothing like this? I saw TEW, a friend bought it, and it made me sad becouse without the campain You don't get nothing new there. The Enemy With in is full of all the cards from previous expansions. It was very disapionting.
So to be fair I would like to see a new version ogf WFRP from FFG. Let it look like the SW RPG. Let us get a big hardcover book with almost 450 pages full of everything you need. Give us some custom dice and a GM screen , give us a new Begginers Game for it! I beg You FFG make a new WFRP that would have all the best possible solutions from all your best RPGs! I want a good WFRP that I can play without cards and other stuff. I want a WFRP with great hardcover books, to play only witrh some custom dice (the best part of WFRP 3e for me), a pencil and a character sheet.
I will keep my fingers crossed to see a new incarnation of WFRP, a better one then every previous!

subset: commoncrawl


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Classic Clarks.
As to be expected, these shoes have all the Clarks features such as classic pared down styling and comfort that can be worn with anything. These are my second pair and probably not the last!
August 27, 2014
Very good shoe, Fast shipping.
Shoe is a half size larger in length like I read about so I ordered a half size smaller and it fits perfect. The width is true to size. I am more impressed by the shipping time. I ordered the shoe on a Friday and it was here by Tuesday the next week with the free shipping. Very impressed.
February 19, 2014
Very good!
The shoes are very comfy and good to wear. I recommend the product
January 24, 2014
Good Shoe, Average Value
I purchased two pairs of Clark's "Jink". I love their look, and the comfort is decent, albiet a bit harsh when walking longer distances due to the lack of structure and THIN crepe sole. In fact, the sole is my biggest gripe, as it begins to wear the first time that the shoes hit the pavement. Expect the sole to wear out well before the upper, and if you have any sort of different stride (pronate or supinate) it will quickly show in the wear on the crepe heel. I realize that the crepe material is comfy and lends to the stylish look of the shoe, but it wears horribly and comes off in fragments over time. Clarks should make the sole a bit thicker, and should ditch the ultra-soft crepe material. For nearly $120 per pair, the shoe is not a very good value. Finally, don't even think about wearing them in the rain or snow, as either element will trash the shoe. A better sole would sell me again, but based on my aforementioned issues, I think that I am off of the "Jink" for good
January 21, 2014
"original" means nothing can copy this product.
i been buying and buying Clark's shoes for so many years and the comfort is always there. Thanks Clark's.
January 11, 2014
Great shoe purchase
I highly recommend this product. The shoe fits great and is a lot more comfortable than I expected, especially for a boot. One thing to keep in mind is to not wear the Jink out in the snow or rain. Nonetheless, I love this shoe and I've received lots of compliments from others!
December 27, 2013
This is my third pair of the same shoes and I really do like them. However, unlike my last two pairs, one of the shoes in this pair seems to be narrower across the top just in front of the laces. I have not had this problem before and it is only one of the shoes, but it is tighter on the right shoe in front of the laces (so loosening them doesn't really help). They seem to be stretching out a bit with wear, but I was not as pleased with the product straight out of the box as I have been in the past.
December 18, 2013
Nice quality shoe
I like this shoe a lot. It's a clean look that can be worn casually. Unfortunately, the shoe isn't that comfortable. I would recommend buying this product, as I will most likely buy this in another color.
November 10, 2013
Great style at a fair price
These fit a bit tight at first, but will stretch as you break them in. The more I wear them, the more comfortable they get. Very versatile, and typical Clarks quality.
July 31, 2013
Nice casual Friday shoe
I work in an office with a corporate casual policy. On Fridays this is a good shoe to pair with khaki pants and polo shirt of cambry shirt. I'm sure that they would work with a pair of blue jeans too though that's not my bag. A nice refresh of the classic desert boot. Laces look sturdy and overall quality is what I would expect of Clarks.
June 25, 2013
beautiful shoes, great quality for the price
We received this nice pair of shoes in a timely manner. The first pair were about 1/2 size larger than we expected, who we returned them for a smaller size. The shoes are comfortable, but well made and good for all seasons. I would definitely order from Clark's again if these wear as well as they look..
June 23, 2013
Comfortable shoe with a thin sole
I purchased a second pair of Jinks after wearing my first for a short time. A very comfortable and great looking shoe, especially good for me, as I have a bunion on my right foot that was aggravated by other shoes. My only concern is the super-thin crepe soles; it seems as though they have already worn down to nothing after only wearing them for a short time, and I take great care not to get them wet or walk on less than ideal surfaces. The uppers are excellent, as are the insides. I only wish that the soles were a bit thicker. Finally, a little pricey for a shoe not made in the UK; $89 USD would be a better price point. Overall, a very good to excellent shoe.
May 27, 2013
Comfortable and stylish
I ordered a size that is too small so I returned it, but it's overall very nice and comfortable
March 29, 2013
Great Shoe -
Love the shoe...comfortable.....wish they would have a dark brown leather version.
December 7, 2012
Beautifully made...great quality....lasting power....bought them for my 17 year old son & this is his second pair. Originally bought the regular higher top boot & he wanted these too. He loves them both. Highly recommend. Very stylish as well!!
May 18, 2012


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Free Entry - Entry Information
15 vessels have been deliberately sunk on the landward side of Moreton Island to form a breakwall for small boats and a wreck dive and snorkel site. The Tangalooma Wrecks provide good diving in depths from 2-10 metres. Even in this shallow water, the wrecks attract an amazing amount of marine life, including wobbegongs, trevally, kingfish, yellowtail and lots of tropical fish.
Dive Rating:
Dive Type:
Dive Activities:
* Please note: These rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available costs of listed products and services. To obtain a firm price from the provider, please use the contact the operator . All prices are quoted in Australian dollars.


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An even dozen eggs is a good amount to bring to a potluck to share. If you have any doubts, make more. I've seen people send down tons of Deviled Eggs and still make it through a full meal afterward.
Step 1: Boil eggs
(Place the eggs in a large pot; cover with water, and bring to a boil. Boil vigorously for 5 minutes then turn off the heat. Pour eggs into a strainer and run cold water on them, or wait, until you can handle them.)
Peel the eggs and rinse off any shell bits. Halve each egg and place the halves on a large plate. Scoop the yolks out into a bowl.
Any ideas? Great Instructible!


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The Hookies Fire Company will be once again holding their famous Irish Night. It will be held Friday March 1st from 7:00 pm to 2:00 am. DOORS OPEN AT 5:00pm.
Three bands will be performing. Full Kilt, Michael O'Brian Band and Hot Wax. The kitchen will be open as well. Tickets are $10.00 each and are available at Alice's Garden in Tyrone, The Hookies Firemen's Club and from any Hookies Firefighter. For information and tickets please call 814-684-4551. The Hookies Social Hall is located at 1216 Blair Ave behind Rite Aid Pharmacy in Tyrone. Extra parking will be available. Please try to purchase your tickets early. So come out and get your " Irish" on at the Hookies and help support your local volunteer firefighters.
Friday, March 1, 2013 - 7:00pm


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C-H library to host expert organizer
Professional organizer Donna Rossa will offer four sessions in June at Chartiers-Houston Library.
Sessions begin at 6:30 p.m. Mondays as follows:
• June 3 – Power of Feng Shui;
• June 10 – Eliminating Paper Clutter;
• June 17 – Clutter Busters for Kids;
• June 24 – Control Your Closets.
Cost is $12 for all sessions or $5 per class. Call the library at 724-745-4300 or visit the library to register.
join the conversation


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Mobster's relative documents Chicago Heights mob ties
BY CASEY TONER email@example.com December 28, 2012 3:46PM
Matt Luzi, whose grandfather worked with Al Capone, walks through Evergreen Hills Cemetery in Steger on Dec. 11. He wrote a book about the mafia in Chicago Heights and a lot of the subjects are buried in this cemetery. | Matt Marton~Sun-Times Media
Article Extras
Updated: January 31, 2013 6:06AM
Every family has a history.
That holds true, and then some, for Chicago resident Matthew Luzi. His great-great-uncle, Frank LaPorte, was one of the most feared men in Chicago. He was a wise-guy enforcer for infamous mobster Al Capone.
LaPorte also ran a mafia outfit out of Chicago Heights, history that Luzi set out to document in his new book, "The Boys in Chicago Heights: The Forgotten Crew of the Chicago Outfit." It's for sale for $19.99 by visiting historypress.net.
The book opens with the immigration boom that brought so many Italian-Americans to Chicago Heights in search of jobs. When Prohibition took effect, outlawing alcohol, some of them turned to illegal means to make lots of money.
Luzi, 45, said his book documents the family history of the city's gangsters and contains details never before detailed.
"Everything written about (the mob) is Capone-centric, and I suspected there was more of a background story to it," Luzi said. "Sure enough, there was."
That said, there are Capone connections throughout the book.
"I'm fascinated by the Capone era and the amount of money these guys generated for Capone," Luzi said. "They generated a substantial amount of money for him."
The connection between the Chicago Heights mafia and Capone was such that when a Capone relative died, Chicago Heights mafiosos sent several bouquets of flowers to his funeral. Attached to the flowers was a note that said "from the boys in Chicago Heights."
The book was a labor of love for Luzi, who spent years researching it. He conducted personal interviews, scoured history books and newspaper articles, and even milked family connections to flesh out the book's story.
For example, the photograph that graces the back page of the "The Boys in Chicago Heights" belonged to his grandmother.
Taken in 1927 at 22nd and State streets in Chicago Heights, it's a posed group photo of many of the major mobsters of the day. It commemorates the consolidation of the Chicago Heights liquor bootleggers.
Luzi said his grandmother was given the photograph as a token of respect, but she never displayed it publicly because of its incriminating nature.
"There were indeed gangsters and killers in my family, but it's a small segment," Luzi said. "Most were hardworking immigrants. These guys were just opportunists looking to make money."
He said that many of the city's mobsters quit when Prohibition was repealed and their liquor-smuggling operations ceased.
"That was it for them," Luzi said. "They made their money and lived their lives quietly."
Major mob activity died in Chicago Heights in the early 1990s, about the time local mob bosses Albert Tocco and Dominick Palermo went to prison.
"These guys didn't do anything to develop new recruits," Luzi said. "It petered out with the old-timers."


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Packing a nutritional punch
Broccoli is packed with vitamins. For instance, just half a cup meets your full quota for vitamin K needed for blood clotting and a similar quantity of broccoli provides 84% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin C, which plays a role in everything from immune function to maintaining the strength of the skeleton. This vitamin is also a powerful antioxidant, which help to protect the cells of the body from damage and are linked to a reduced risk of conditions such as heart disease, cancer, dementia and macular degeneration. Take circulatory disease. It's the nation's biggest killer and significantly impairs quality of life, and while the condition can be successfully managed, ideally we should aim to prevent its development by increasing our intake of cardio-protective foods; besides the antioxidants in broccoli, it is also rich in potassium, magnesium and soluble fiber, which promote heart health. Broccoli also shows promise as part of a nutrient rich diet that can protect against cancer; diindolylmethane, glucoraphanin, indole-3-carbinol and selenium, all present in this green vegetable, have been shown to have anti-cancer properties in the lab, though further research is needed to confirm their benefit in humans.


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New Choices ~~ Second Chances!
My name is Tammie Fleck. I am the Project Director of the program. I amlooking forward to having you join our class. If you have any questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to contact me. If you are interested, you MUST call to register.
Welcome students!
We always welcome single parents, displaced homemakers, dislocated workers, and those transitioning through difficulties. Our FREE class will assist you with self and career development, increased self- esteem, goal setting, and so much more! This class is learning about who you are, what you want, and how to get there!
Date: Monday, Sept. 23rd to Thursday, Oct. 17th (total of 4 weeks)
Time: Mondays through Thursdays, times vary
Location: Community Education Center, 200 East Crawford Avenue, Altoona, PA.
Class Schedule
Please note our weeklyclass schedule.Attendance is mandatory, tardiness is not tolerated! Alternate class schedules can be substituted if arranged prior to class.
Mondays & Wednesdays 9:30-12:30 and Tuesdays & Thursdays 9:00-11:00 |
Policies in Place
You MUST register to attend. There is a NO smoking/tobacco/firearms policy in place~~no exceptions. Dress comfortably but no low cut tops, short shorts/skirts, baggy pants, or extreme visible facial piercings. PARKING<PARKING< available only near ball park next to the Community Ed Center. NO school parking lot or front street parking available. YOU WILL BE TOWED!
I know it will be a fun and successful class. I look forward to meeting you soon!
Best regards,
Tammie Fleck, Project Director
New Choices, P. O. Box 521, Hollidaysburg, PA 16648
firstname.lastname@example.com 814-937-2796
Facebook: Altoona New Choices www.pawomenwork.org


text:
June 24th, 2013
Thank you to everyone who was a part of EDC Las Vegas 2013! From the awe-inspiring performers, to the hardworking staff at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway, to our beautiful Headliners, and everyone in between, we are so grateful to have an incredible family of supporters who help us turn our dreams into reality.
When we created the first Electric Daisy Carnival, we never imagined the wonderful evolution it would take 17 years later. We are inspired by each and every one of you, and so thankful to have shared this experience with hundreds of thousands of amazing people.
With every festival, we hope to take you on a journey through our imaginations. It is always YOU who completes the experience. YOU are the Headliners of Electric Daisy Carnival. THANK YOU!
This journey may be over, but plans for EDC 2014 are already under way!
Until then, we hope you will join us for our other events and festivals throughout the year, including Nocturnal Wonderland in Southern California on September 21st and the final day of EDC Week tomorrow!


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Updated: October 12, 2012 6:08AM
Chicago Public Schools students stuck without a school can ride the CTA for free during the teachers strike.
The Chicago Transit Authority announced Monday it will provide free rides to students who show their CPS identification cards or reduced fare cards to operators or customer assistants.
The free ride plan — good on CTA trains and buses — is for weekdays from 5:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m.
It's intended to help students get to and from the 144 schools set up to house displaced kids during the strike.
© 2014 Sun-Times Media, LLC. All rights reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed without permission. For more information about reprints and permissions, visit www.suntimesreprints.com. To order a reprint of this article, click here.


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Get our Gourmet Fast app and you can download 140 recipes for your iPhone.
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The difference between fast food and food you can whip up in a jiffy is vast, writes Fergus Henderson.
Dim sum master Mak Kwai Pui brings celebrated dumpling house Tim Ho Wan to Australia this month.
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Fast, fresh and fabulous – what's not to like? Here's a preview of the recipes in our February 2015 issue.
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The Scariest Roller Coaster in the World. Which, according to YouTube is this one, right here.
I think it's this one, right here.
The End.
Diamond Girl
p.s. Seriously, this blog post is short because I am celebrating a birthday over here, the birthday of the Adorable Little Brother. Admittedly, the only reason I remember his birthday is that it's the day before Barry Zito's but I feel bad about that, so I'm trying to be nice to him right now. Catch y'all later. (Just kidding, people. Don't go calling the Evil Sister Exterminating Squad just yet. My brother plays guitar better than Barry Zito and pitches better than him in 96% of his Giants career, too. I think I'll keep the little guy.)


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Well it's good to hear the Star Wars license has been picked up. It will be interesting to see who tips up here from the old WOTC forum.
While I am not too interested in space battles or card games. I am interested to see what else comes out down the road, especially if it's a ground based RPG or Skirmish battle format with minis. Interesting times ahead possibly?


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- 7 Tucson weather: Up to 2 inches of rain today
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- 9 Tucson physicians wary after tax identity theft
- 10 Crash closes 22nd Street at I-10
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ROCK DOC: Petri dish quarter-pounder?
Hamburger grown in a laboratory
It sounds like science fiction when you first hear about it, but some people see it as a way of addressing animal welfare issues and environmental concerns.
I'm talking about growing meat cells for human consumption from stem cells harvested from a cow. This so-called "cultured beef" recently was unveiled in London by a group led by Mark Post, a physiologist at the Netherland's Maastricht University.
It's been known for a while that an anonymous donor contributed money toward an effort to grow a hamburger patty in a laboratory. That donor is now unmasked as Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google.
"Sometimes a new technology comes along and it has the capability to transform how we view the world," Brin said.
Industrial meat production in feedlots puts demands on the environment. Creating meat in a lab could, at least in theory, decrease the environmental cost of creating protein for the world's increasing population.
"Our current meat production is at a maximum, and it's not going to be sustainable," Post told reporters. "We need to come up with an alternative."
After three months of work, Post and his colleagues had a patty to unveil to two tasters and invited guests — mostly journalists.
The hamburger started life as stem cells in a cow's shoulder. As time unfolded, the cells grew and divided. Using some "scaffolding" provided to them, the cells organized themselves into muscle fibers.
All told, about 20,000 muscle fibers went into the hamburger patty.
Because it has no blood cells in it, the burger would naturally be quite light colored. As reported by Business Insider, to compensate for the color the burger's makers added saffron and beet juice to make the hamburger more red.
Hanni Rutzler and Josh Schonwald, both people with food credentials, were chosen to be the tasters at the public unveiling of the burger. Rutzler and Schonwald reportedly thought the patty had the basic texture of meat.
It lacked fat because it was grown entirely from muscle cells. Fat lends flavor to beef, so perhaps it's no surprise the tasters thought the flavor of the patty fell a bit short.
You and I won't get a chance to taste-test a lab-made burger anytime soon. Post needs to bring down the price, currently at about $31 per pound, and decrease the time it takes to grow the meat.
"We need to show that we can make it more efficient," Post said. "But we think we can have a more affordable price and have this in supermarkets in 10 to 20 years."
There are challenges. Adding fat to the muscle protein would improve texture and flavor. And the economics of the project may only move forward if major food companies start to invest in it. Finally, to be successful in the marketplace, the lab-grown burger would have to overcome the idea that manufactured meat is icky.
But I'd be game to try the cultured beef. How about you?
E. Kirsten Peters, a native of the rural Northwest, was trained as a geologist at Princeton and Harvard. This column is a service of the College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences at Washington State University.
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October 2014
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SketchUp with Joe Zeh
SketchUp with Joe Zeh
SketchUp with Joe Zeh
1 |
Modeling the Core Box Router Bit in SketchUp–The Details Version
by Joe Zeh
Wednesday, June 4, 2014
A student emailed me and asked: "How do I model the cut a core box router bit makes in SketchUp?" At first glance you might think the answer is the usual – model the shape of the bit and use the "Follow-me" tool. After further...
A Shaker Stool For The Workshop–Part 5
by Joe Zeh
Monday, April 7, 2014
In Part 4 we cut three more holes in the seat and copied three more legs into position, even though it was only temporary. We created two rungs, each different in length, but the second being a simple lengthening of the other. We used the splay planes...
CutList Bridge 2.7 Released
by Joe Zeh
Thursday, April 3, 2014
SketchUp Make and Pro 2014 brought with it many improvements including the upgrade from Ruby 1.8.7 to Ruby 2.0 for its Ruby API and Plugins. Like most improvements, there are some casualties and collateral damage. I had hoped that CutList 2.6 release...
A Shaker Stool For The Workshop–Part 4
by Joe Zeh
Monday, March 31, 2014
In Part 3 we trimmed the leg with a compound cut so that it sat flat on the floor and was flat with the seat. We also modeled the seat and put one hole, for one leg in it. Today we are going to cut three more holes in the seat. We will then have to use...
A Shaker Stool For The Workshop–Part 3
by Joe Zeh
Wednesday, March 19, 2014
In Part 2 we modeled the leg, copied and position three more. But the legs extended through the floor and beyond the height of the seat. Today we are going to cut the leg to length, essentially a compound miter cut at each end. We will do this using a...
A Shaker Stool For The Workshop–Part 2
by Joe Zeh
Monday, March 10, 2014
Today we are going to model the legs of the Shaker Stool. Modeling the legs requires close and careful attention to the compound angles and the off axis planes you will be working with. Pay close attention to details such as how construction lines are...
SketchUp 2014–Tools Updated For SketchUp 2014 Compatibility
by Joe Zeh
Monday, March 3, 2014
On February 28th Trimble released the new versions of SketchUp: SketchUp Make 2014 (the free version) and SketchUp Pro 2014. The is not too much change visible from the outside, but a significant performance improvement under the hood. A good seal of...
A Shaker Stool For The Workshop–Part 1
by Joe Zeh
Thursday, February 20, 2014
I posted a four part series on drawing a Shaker Round Stand. The series was titled The Book of Shaker Furniture by John Kassay – A Treasure Trove for SketchUp Generation Woodworkers. The Round Stand was pictured in 2D on page 194 of that book. Today...
Cherry Chest Plans To Match The Cherry Bedside Table
by Joe Zeh
Friday, February 7, 2014
A reader of this blog requested plans for the Cherry Chest that matches the Cherry Bedside Table. The Cherry Bedside Table was the topic of a nine part series I posted here called Designing Furniture From Scratch In SketchUp . Thanks to him I am posting...
Trundle Bed Project in SketchUp
by Joe Zeh
Wednesday, January 29, 2014
I design a lot of furniture in SketchUp. Some of it requires the SketchUp user to use intermediate or expert SketchUp skills. In the interest of sparking reader questions I thought I would share some of these designs. This Trundle Bed project is a good...
SketchUp Tricks Part 2
by Joe Zeh
Wednesday, December 25, 2013
This post is Part 2 of a multi-part series on SketchUp Tricks. More precisely, methods of modeling that save time. In SketchUp Tricks Part 1 I showed you some methods to draw boards with symmetrical ends and resize those boards more efficiently. For example...
SketchUp Tricks Part 1
by Joe Zeh
Tuesday, December 10, 2013
This post is Part 1 of a multi-part series on SketchUp Tricks. More precisely, methods of modeling that save time. Today I am going to show you some methods to draw boards with symmetrical ends and resize those boards more efficiently. I am also going...
Correction To Cherry Bedside Table
by Joe Zeh
Tuesday, December 10, 2013
Last week I posted shop drawings for a Cherry Bedside Table . Some how a mortise was left out of the front legs. I have corrected the .layout, .PDF and .skp files and uploaded the new ones. If you downloaded any of these files go to shop drawings for...
Cherry Bedside Table Shop Drawings
by Joe Zeh
Wednesday, November 27, 2013
At the conclusion of the nine part series Designing Furniture From Scratch In SketchUp I promised shop drawings. True to my word this post will provide you with the SketchUp model file, complete with all the views you need to print shop drawings. The...
Designing Furniture From Scratch In SketchUp--Part 9
by Joe Zeh
Thursday, November 21, 2013
This is the last installment of Designing Furniture From Scratch In SketchUp. Last week we added the drawer dust panels, the bottom and the bottom supports. This week we will model the drawers and put them in place which will complete the Cherry Bedside...


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Processing Time - Orders typically ship in 2-5 business days. Transit via UPS Ground can take up to 6 business days. Braided and custom-made products may take 2 to 3 weeks for delivery.
Free Shipping to Contiguous United States - We do not ship to Alaska, Hawaii or the Caribbean Islands at this time.
Oversized items - Orders that ship freight may take up to 2 weeks from shipment date to be delivered. You will be contacted by the trucking company to schedule a delivery appointment.
Shipping to Canada - Orders shipping to Canada will be subject to a 15% shipping surcharge fee. The shipping surcharge does not cover duties, customs, taxes or brokerage fees which may be charged to you by the shipping courier at time of delivery. At this time we are not shipping to Yukon and the Northwest Territories in Canada.
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Infinity Home Source Dulcet Versaille Ivory Rug
Item #: 3711830-P Add to Wishlist
Features: This product has the following features:
- Collection: Dulcet
- Brand: Infinity Home Source
- Material: 100% Polypropylene
- Weave: Machine Made
- Styles: Traditional Rugs
- Origin: Turkey
- Available in the following sizes: 2' 7" x 3' 11", 2' x 7' 3", 3' 3 " x 5' 3", 4' 11" x 7' 2", 7' 10" x 9' 10" and 2' x 5' Oval
The rug is not bad, but the colors were not exactly what I thought they would be. I is a decent looking rug, but again not as pretty as I had hoped. I am using it anyway...not a bad look.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.This rug is absolutely gorgeous. Much prettier than the picture. I purchased the black rug and it looks elegant in my dining rooom. Lots of compliments from everyone who sees it. Definitely recommend this rug. You will be happy that you did.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.This is the 4th rug I have ordered, and am pleased with all of them. I live in Canada and wish the web site had a way of identifying rugs that are not available in Canada before I open to look at each rug - very time consuming. (I had to give a false state above, in order to send this message as there is no place for me to give a product rating from a Canadian address). Otherwise I am very pleased with the website, the product, and the price.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.It was perfect!It was better than i had expected.Delivery was very quick too.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.Great red color and it is of nice quality. Worth the price! Not as thin as I had expected and read in previous reviews.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.I got this rug for at a low price I thought it would be of better quality..it's worth the sale price I paid but I wouldn't buy it otherwise. I've bought other rugs from here and was extremely pleased. The colors are vibrant but the quality is just not there. I got what I paid for, colors are vibrant and true to the picture, a good starter rug. As always, it arrived quickly, packaged well, I do enjoy purchasing from this company and will continue to do so.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.the colors are beautiful but not red as stated. It's more of a merlot color. i would have given it an 5 star except the rug is very thin, which i knew going in as i have purchased other rugs from rugsusa...
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.Received this product in a timely manner and it was just what we were looking for and looks great. We will reorder again from here.
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.Item was delivered as promised, looks great in room, very pleased
RECOMMENDED: Yes, I would recommend this to a friend.Fill out the information below.


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Additional Security for External Doors
- Hardened steel bolt 12.7mm diameter
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- Simple to fit, instructions supplied
- A must on outward opening doors
Additional Security for External Doors
Hinge bolts offer added security to all external doors, especially those with exposed hinge knuckles such as outward opening doors. Manufactured from hardened steel, the hinge bolts will resist hacksawing and attempts to remove the door from its frame.
Look at your external doors, if they open outwards, the hinge knuckles are exposed. Exposed hinge knuckles can be tampered with to remove the hinge pins, allowing the doors to be forced off their hinges. So hinge bolts are an absolute must for outward opening doors.
The addition of hinge bolts helps to reinforce the hinge side of the door making your doors even sturdier against intruders.


text: my gut just said fuck you to me just now so FUCK YOU, GUT! stop fighting me, gut. stop fighting me. always fucking having boxing matches with me. tonight's dinner better not come back up. my asshole also feels weird too like shits about to come out of it any minute even though i don't have to take a shit. took a shit today and guess there wasn't enough fiber in my system where it felt like it was tearing my insides up. my whole digestive system is hating on me. maybe because i was hating on it back on the day. now it wants to fucking fight me back.


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After this post I will consume a bottle of pills
Baseball May 19th, 2009
Here is a list of our tweets yesterday:
i need a drink. put me on suicide watch, weeks is don for the year
Here's some tweets I received:
SconnieGirl808@WisconsinTeams @millerparkdrunk - Wait. What?! WTF is happening???
thegnc@millerparkdrunk Oh for fucks sake. Link please.
thischarmingham@millerparkdrunk god just loves pissing in week's cheerios
Rickie Weeks is now out for the season. The recovery time on his injury is 4-6 months meaning that even in a best case scenario he won't be back for the playoffs. If there are a playoffs. One of my best friends claims that this is the best thing to ever happen to the Brewers. My friend is an idiot. Outside of the golden trio of Braun/Fielder/Gallardo, Weeks is the last person this team wanted to get hurt. Hart, Hardy and Hall are all replaceable. There isn't a single player on this team that can take his place at leadoff. Counsell is better at defense and matches his eye, but the power/speed combo isn't there. You can lead off Corey Hart, but you lose some OBP (perhaps a lot of it). You can lead off Kendall, but you lose every single thing Weeks does well and gain nothing except whiteness and metal knowledge. You can lead off... that's about it actually. Does a team need a true leadoff hitter to win it all? Not at all, but it certainly helps and it certainly hurts to have one and lose him.
Unfortunately, this isn't Baseball Mogul (which is probably a good thing because Baseball Mogul HATES the Brewers for some reason) and you can't just move Hardy to second and call up Escobar to play SS. You have to work with what you have and deal with players feelings. Hardy doesn't want to move and if he doesn't want to, you probably can't make him. Then even if you could do that, who knows if it would even work? It's not like Escobar is hitting in AAA. Weeks is gone and as of right now the best replacement for him is a Counsell/McGehee platoon. Call it whatever you want, but this is not a good thing. It's bad. Bad for the team. Bad for Rickie. Bad for me.
I am emotionally invested in Rickie Weeks. I saw him play in Double A. I watched his debut. I tracked his career. I've had him on fantasy teams. Most of all, I believed in him when no one else did. I knew the talent he had and I knew that if he ever figured it out, he'd be a pretty damn good second baseman. Guess what? He figured it out. This was the season that he became a pretty damn good second baseman and now it's over. Will he be good next year? He should be and I can't wait to bust out my Weeks jersey on Opening Day 2010, but it's still 2009. The race is too close to call and losing Rickie Weeks for the season hurts this team more than any of the other NL Central contenders have been hurt thus far.
The Brewers are a great team, but without Rickie? We'll see.
Now if you'll excuse me I am going to induce a seizure and swallow my own tongue.


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Thank you for your interest in Microtronix Web Solutions and our services. At Microtronix we dedicate ourselves to bringing the world of technology to the small business community, at an affordable price that everyone can afford. We offer everything a business could need to get started online not only do we make you a website and host it, we make it so that YOU, the user, can edit it! We even make your flash sites editable by you! So you never again have to pay for site maintenance.
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An inch or two of snow this afternoon through this evening
This city of nearly 4 million people imports most of its water, bringing in 80 percent of what it consumed last year. Mayor Eric Garcetti has said that must change.
Two penguin species are responding differently to rising temperatures in the Antarctic, according to a new study.
Emissions from wood burning by people in developing countries have a smaller climate impact than previously thought, according to a new study.
Human-caused climate change will double the frequency of La Niñas by the end of the century, resulting in floods, droughts and other extreme weather events, finds a new study based on climate modeling.
Dealing with snowy and icy conditions? These tips will help you stay warm, stay safe and protect your health during winter weather.
The discovery of two large lakes hidden beneath Greenland's ice suggests that climate change now cuts all the way to the bottom of the ice sheet, according to two new studies.
Melting glaciers dump massive amounts of carbon into the world's oceans, a new study finds.
Imagine a landslide as big as Rhode Island speeding toward you as fast as an Indianapolis 500 sprint car.
Sep 8, 2012; 5:00 AM ET With shorter days and colder nights in the fall and winter, some people develop seasonal affective disorder. When shopping for lightbulbs to treat the 'winter blues,'consider energy-efficient bulbs.


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Paneled Leather Skirt
Style # 211519
With luxe leather panels and the classic structure of a pencil skirt, this bebe leather skirt is sure to be a seriously sexy go-to. Try it with a bodysuit, a statement necklace and a pair of embellished heels for a quick after-dark look.
- 100% leather
- Center back to hem: 27" (69 cm)
- Spandex lining
- Invisible zipper
- Clean by leather professionals only
- Imported
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S
Paneled Leather Skirt
This Skirt Is Perfect
The skirt has great give. It's really soft.
I normally wear a size 4 in skirts but went with
a size 6. Perfect fit!!!
March 13, 2013
love it
I love this skirt. it is true to size i'm xs and got it size 2. it's so classy and sexy same time. it's a must have ladies!
January 30, 2013
Lady's go get this one
I love the skirt it fits very good. I just got it from the mail. And it's true to size. I love it!, love it.
January 28, 2013
Makes you look flat
I ordered size 6 for this skirt but it ran a bit small on me. Beside the skirt looked nicely from the front it made my butt look flat like somebody would cut me from the back. Also, I was not too happy about quality of the leather which was very soft and got wrinkled easily. Unfortunately, I had to send it back.
January 24, 2013
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