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Hogwarts staff
The following fictional characters are staff members and denizens of Hogwarts in the Harry Potter books written by J. K. Rowling.
The staff and their positions[edit]
Character | Subject/Position | Background |
Bathsheda Babbling | Ancient Runes | The Ancient Runes teacher during the entire series. The character is never mentioned in the books nor appears in the films, but Rowling has named her on her official site.[1] |
Cuthbert Binns | History of Magic | The History of Magic teacher during the entire series. Binns has the distinction of being the only teacher at Hogwarts who is a ghost. It is said that one day he took a nap in a chair in the teachers' lounge/staff room and died in his sleep; later, he simply got up to go to teach his next class and "left his body behind". His lessons are said to be notoriously boring and it is mentioned that the most exciting thing that ever happens in his class is his "entering through the blackboard". As a ghost he seems unaware of his change from living to dead. In the second book it is he who describes the legend of the Chamber of Secrets when asked by the students, but in the film version it is McGonagall, as Binns does not appear in any of the films. He constantly gets the students' names wrong and is often so absent-minded he is amazed to find the class filled with students. |
Charity Burbage | Muggle Studies | The Muggle Studies teacher from Harry's first to sixth years, but first appears in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Because her teachings about Muggles gave an overall favourable impression of them, going so far as to write an editorial praising Muggles in the Daily Prophet, she runs afoul of the Death Eaters, whose philosophy asserts the supremacy of pure-bloods. She becomes a prisoner of Lord Voldemort in the seventh book; he tortures and kills her before feeding her to Nagini. |
Alecto and Amycus Carrow | Muggle Studies / Deputy Headmaster and Headmistress / Dark Arts | The Carrows are sibling Death Eaters, posted as Deputy Headmaster and Deputy Headmistress to Hogwarts to keep control over the school, maintain a reign of fear and to take charge of punishment under Snape's regime as Headmaster in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Alecto Carrow taught Muggle Studies; however, instead of encouraging increased relations with Muggles, they were taught ideologies that Muggles were no better than animals. Amycus Carrow taught Defence Against the Dark Arts; however it is noted that there was no defence involved because they had changed the name to Dark Arts, so Amycus frequently taught students the Unforgivable Curses and openly encouraged them to practice these on their classmates who earned themselves detention. |
Albus Dumbledore | Headmaster / Transfiguration | The Headmaster of Hogwarts since a few decades before Harry's birth until Harry's sixth year at Hogwarts when Dumbledore is killed by Severus Snape. Dumbledore served previously as Transfiguration teacher during Tom Riddle's time at Hogwarts and as Head of Gryffindor House and Deputy Headmaster. Albus Dumbledore was also the founder of The Order of the Phoenix. |
Argus Filch | Caretaker | The squib caretaker of Hogwarts during the entire series owns a cat named Mrs. Norris. He hates all students and he is bitter about not possessing magic. |
Firenze | Divination | A centaur, he previously lived with his herd in the Forbidden Forest. In the Order of the Phoenix, after Sybill Trelawney is fired by Dolores Umbridge, he is hired by Dumbledore to teach Divination in her stead. The other centaurs found this dishonourable and sacked him from the herd. By Half-Blood Prince, Trelawney was reinstated as Divination teacher, but due to Firenze's situation with his herd, Dumbledore had them teach Divination concurrently until Firenze returns to the Forest after the Battle of Hogwarts. |
Filius Flitwick | Charms | The Charms teacher and Head of Ravenclaw House during the entire series. He is also shown to be the director of the school's choir in the film adaptation of Prisoner of Azkaban and Order of the Phoenix. |
Wilhelmina Grubbly-Plank | Care of Magical Creatures | A substitute Care of Magical Creatures teacher. She first appears in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, taking lessons when Hagrid is unable to teach, and substitutes again in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix when Hagrid is away on a mission for the Order of the Phoenix. |
Rubeus Hagrid | Care of Magical Creatures/ Grounds Keeper | The Half-giant gamekeeper, Keeper of Keys and Grounds, and, from Harry's third year at Hogwarts, the Care of Magical Creatures professor. He has a habit of introducing dangerous creatures, which he considers harmless, to the students. |
Rolanda Hooch | Flying | The Quidditch referee during the entire series, and flying instructor for first year students. She is described as having short, spiky, grey hair, with piercing yellow hawk-like eyes, usually hidden behind goggles. Her expertise is called on along with Professor Flitwick's to test Harry's Firebolt broom for dark magic. |
Silvanus Kettleburn | Care of Magical Creatures | The Care of Magical Creatures teacher since Armando Dippet (Dumbledore's predecessor) was headmaster. He eventually retires to "spend time with his remaining limbs", and his place is eventually taken by Hagrid in Prisoner of Azkaban. |
Gilderoy Lockhart | Defence Against the Dark Arts | The Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Harry's second year at Hogwarts). He is loved by the female students by his charm and his popularity in the wizarding world, but he is actually a coward and a hoax that took stories from other wizards and then erased their memories. |
Remus Lupin | Defence Against the Dark Arts | The Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Harry's third year at Hogwarts). He is loved by most students (except for those in Slytherin house) for being the best Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in spite of being a werewolf, which was unknown. He resigned after Snape revealed that he was a werewolf. |
Minerva McGonagall | Transfiguration / Deputy Headmistress / Headmistress | The Transfiguration teacher and Head of Gryffindor House during the entire series. Deputy Headmistress during the first six novels. Temporary Headmistress when Dumbledore was sacked in Chamber of Secrets. Temporary Headmistress after Dumbledore's death in Half-Blood Prince. Permanent Headmistress after the Battle of Hogwarts. |
Alastor Moody | Defence Against the Dark Arts | The Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Harry's fourth year at Hogwarts). It transpires at the end of the book that Moody had been impersonated by Barty Crouch, Jr. It has therefore been Crouch that has been teaching at Hogwarts for that year; however it is told that the opinions and techniques are similar between individuals, but it is likewise that Crouch forced Moody to inform him about this. |
Irma Pince | Librarian | The librarian of Hogwarts during the entire series. She is compared to an "underfed vulture", and is very possessive and protective with the library books, many times screaming at Ron and Harry. She was played by Sally Mortemore in the The Chamber of Secrets film |
Poppy Pomfrey | Matron | The Matron and nurse in charge of the hospital wing during the entire series, being on the position for decades. It was mentioned once that she worked at St.Mungo's before transferring to Hogwarts. |
Quirinus Quirrell | Defence Against the Dark Arts | The Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Harry's first year at Hogwarts). He later on turns out to being possessed by Voldemort and is dead by the end of the book. |
Aurora Sinistra | Astronomy | The Astronomy teacher during the entire series. Sinistra assists Professor Flitwick in moving a petrified Justin Finch-Fletchley to the hospital wing in Chamber of Secrets. She attends the Yule Ball in Harry's fourth year with the fake Mad-Eye Moody. |
Horace Slughorn | Potions | The Potions master during Half-Blood Prince and Deathly Hallows. Head of Slytherin House in Deathly Hallows. Slughorn had served as Potions master and Head of Slytherin during various decades prior to Harry's birth, including Tom Riddle's time at Hogwarts. After being retired, he returned after years to teach Potions. |
Severus Snape | Potions / Headmaster / Defence Against the Dark Arts | The Potions master from Harry's first to fifth years. Head of Slytherin House from Harry's first to sixth years. The Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Harry's sixth year at Hogwarts). Snape serves as Headmaster in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, having been appointed by the Minister for Magic, Pius Thicknesse (who was controlled by Voldemort) until he is killed by Voldemort in the final chapters of the novel. |
Pomona Sprout | Herbology | The Herbology teacher and Head of Hufflepuff House during the entire series. She held the job for years, and she carried the position after the Battle of Hogwarts, until she retired and was replaced by Neville Longbottom who, by the time of the epilogue, is said to be the Herbology teacher. |
Sybill Trelawney | Divination | The Divination teacher from 1980 (Harry's birth year) until Order of the Phoenix, when she is fired by Umbridge. Trelawney returns to the work in Half-Blood Prince and Deathly Hallows, sharing the position with Firenze. |
Dolores Umbridge | Defence Against the Dark Arts / Headmistress | The Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Harry's fifth year at Hogwarts). She was appointed by the Ministry of Magic to address the rumours concerning Voldemort's return that extended from there the previous summer. Umbridge extracted control, becoming Hogwarts' first and only High Inquisitor, and even appointing herself Headmistress, despite not being able to enter Dumbledore's office. |
Septima Vector | Arithmancy | The Arithmancy teacher during the entire series, known to give her students large amounts of homework. |
Notable teachers and staff members[edit]
The following are notable teachers and staff members who do not have their own articles or who are not listed in other articles.
Argus Filch[edit]
Argus Filch is the caretaker of Hogwarts. While he is not an evil character, he is ill-tempered, which makes him unpopular with the student body, and occasionally with other staff. His knowledge of the secrets and short-cuts of the castle is almost unparalleled, except perhaps by the Weasley twins, Voldemort himself, Harry, Ron and Hermione, and other users of the Marauder's Map. He tends to favour almost sadistically harsh punishments, leading to his alliance with Dolores Umbridge. He has an obsessive dislike of mud, animate toys, and all other things that might interfere with his creation of an immaculately clean and orderly Hogwarts. He is also portrayed as having a constant antagonism towards Peeves the poltergeist and often tells Dumbledore that Peeves should be thrown out of Hogwarts. He also likes to wander Hogwarts corridors at night, presumably in the hope of catching a student out of bed.
Filch is revealed to be a Squib in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets when Harry Potter accidentally discovers that he is trying to teach himself basic magic from a Kwikspell correspondence course. Nonetheless, Filch is at least able to use wizarding devices that have their own innate magic, such as the Secrecy Sensor used in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. It is hinted that his dislike of students may stem from his disappointment and jealousy at not being able to do magic. In the Half Blood Prince, Harry Potter and Hermione Granger jokingly suspect that he is in a relationship with Irma Pince, the librarian at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the final book, when the school starts preparing itself for the Battle of Hogwarts, Filch is seen yelling that students are out of bed. He is later seen overseeing the evacuation of younger students.
Filch has a cat named Mrs. Norris to whom he has a particular and possessive attachment. She acts as a hallway monitor or spy for Filch. If she observes students engaging in suspicious activity or out of bed after curfew, she finds Filch and he arrives in seconds. She has been known to follow Hagrid everywhere he goes in the school, apparently under Filch's orders. According to J.K. Rowling, there is nothing particularly magical about Mrs. Norris, other than her being "just an intelligent (and unpleasant) cat."[2] It's the ambition of many Hogwarts students to "give her a good kick". In the Chamber of Secrets incident, Mrs. Norris is temporarily petrified by the Basilisk, which causes Filch extreme distress.
David Bradley portrays Filch in the film series. Mrs. Norris was played by a Maine Coon cat named Peebles.
Filius Flitwick[edit]
Filius Flitwick is the Charms Master at Hogwarts and the head of Ravenclaw, and is described as being a very short, dwarf-like person. He is also mentioned as having been a model student and a former duelling champion. In Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone he uses his magical skills to help decorate the Great Hall for Christmas. He is also one of the teachers who casts spells to guard the Philosopher's Stone by putting charms on a hundred keys so they can fly, making it difficult to find the key to the door leading to the next chamber.
During Harry's second year, Flitwick helps Professor Sinistra carry a petrified Justin Finch-Fletchley to the hospital wing. He teaches the front doors to recognise a picture of Sirius Black after his second break-in in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, and to instantly lock down if he tries to break in. He helps patrol the perimeter of the maze for the third task of the Triwizard Tournament held in Harry's fourth year. He eventually removes most of the swamp that is created within the school by Fred and George Weasley in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, though he previously leaves the swamp untouched to annoy Professor Umbridge. He does however, choose to leave a small patch of it behind, because he thinks it is "a good bit of magic" and a tribute to the Weasley twins. Near the end of Half-Blood Prince, Flitwick is sent by Professor McGonagall to ask Snape to come to the aid of the Order of the Phoenix against the intruding Death Eaters. He either collapses or is stunned by Snape after requesting his help at the battle.
In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Flitwick insists that Rowena Ravenclaw's Diadem is lost, and he is described by Harry (along with Dumbledore) as having been a "model student" who supposedly never entered the Room of Hidden Things, and so it never occurred to him that the diadem could be hidden there. Before the Battle of Hogwarts, Flitwick helps to put protective charms around the castle to hinder Lord Voldemort and his oncoming Death Eaters, and later fights the intruders in the battle, battling Yaxley and later defeating Antonin Dolohov.
In the film adaptations, Flitwick is portrayed by Warwick Davis. Rowling said: "I must admit, I was taken aback when I saw the film Flitwick, who looks very much like a goblin/elf (I've never actually asked the film-makers precisely what he is), because the Flitwick in my imagination simply looks like a very small old man."[3] However, Rowling mentions on her official website that Flitwick is human, with "a dash of goblin ancestry." His on-screen appearance changes noticeably in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, in which he takes on a more human and less elf-like look, with slicked-down dark hair and moustache. According to Davis, the moustachioed character was originally not supposed to be Flitwick; Flitwick was absent from the script for Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, but "the producer" (presumably David Heyman) added the new character (as the conductor of the school choir and orchestra, credited as "Choir Master") so that Davis could still appear in the film. Goblet of Fire director Mike Newell preferred the new look, "and from that moment, the character became known as 'Flitwick'."[4]
Flitwick was born on 17 October,[5] but the year of his birth is never mentioned in the books or films.
Gilderoy Lockhart[edit]
Gilderoy Lockhart is a histrionic wizarding celebrity who has written many books on his exciting adventures encountering dark creatures. In Chamber of Secrets, Lockhart is appointed as Hogwarts's new Defence Against the Dark Arts instructor. He is unpopular with most of the staff, particularly Professor Snape. However, he is greatly admired by many others, particularly witches, such as Hermione Granger and Mrs. Weasley, who find him attractive. Harry dislikes Lockhart for a number of reasons: his arrogance, his belief that Harry flew to Hogwarts in a car to seek further attention, his penchant for handing out signed photos of himself, and the trouble he has with simple magic such as healing Harry's broken arm: he accidentally removes all of Harry's arm bones instead. Lockhart is exposed as a charlatan and a coward when he attempts to avoid entering the Chamber of Secrets by revealing to Harry and Ron Weasley that he never performed the amazing feats documented in his books, instead stealing other wizards' experiences and erasing their memories. His attempt to use a Memory Charm on Harry and Ron backfires due to his use of Ron's broken wand, and he suffers permanent near-total amnesia as a result.
In Order of the Phoenix, Harry comes across Lockhart in St Mungo's while visiting Mr. Weasley at Christmas. Lockhart is childishly proud of being able to write in "joined-up letters". He still enjoys signing autographs and still receives fan mail, although he has no idea why. For his part, Harry feels a slight twinge of guilt for Lockhart's amnesia, but he consoles himself with the fact that it was Lockhart's own fault. Lockhart never fully recovers, despite all efforts to cure him, and remains in St. Mungo's with amnesia. Harry and Ron never reveal that Lockhart was a fraud.[6]
Rowling has said Lockhart is the only character she has ever based on a real-life person. Lockhart was inspired by an unrevealed acquaintance who was "even more objectionable than his fictional counterpart" and "used to tell whopping great fibs about his past life, all of them designed to demonstrate what a wonderful, brave and brilliant person he was."[7]
Kenneth Branagh portrayed Lockhart in the film version of Chamber of Secrets. In a scene after the end credits, his latest book is on sale in Diagon Alley; entitled Who Am I?, it displays a picture of him humming distractedly to himself and wearing a straitjacket.
Also, on Pottermore, it was revealed that Lockhart had been in Ravenclaw house during his time as a student at Hogwarts, since he was not brave, but actually cunning and smart, but lacking skills in magic.
Lockhart also appears in the stage musical, A Very Potter Senior Year (the second sequel to the parody musical, A Very Potter Musical), where he serves as the story's primary villain. He was played by A.J. Holmes.
Minerva McGonagall[edit]
Minerva McGonagall is Deputy Headmistress, head of Gryffindor House, Transfiguration professor, and later Headmistress at Hogwarts, where she began teaching in December 1956. She is first introduced in the opening chapter of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, when she meets Dumbledore at Number 4 Privet Drive, Little Whinging, Surrey (the home of Harry Potter's aunt and uncle, Vernon and Petunia Dursley). McGonagall is described as a tall, rather severe-looking woman, with black hair typically drawn into a tight bun. She wears emerald green robes, a pointed hat, and always has a very prim expression. She speaks with a slight Scottish accent. She is, according to Rowling, a sprightly 70-year-old.[8] McGonagall wears square spectacles that match the markings around the eyes of her Animagus form of a British Shorthair silver tabby cat; she has the distinction of being the first Animagus introduced in the series and being one of the few registered Animagi of the century, though she was rarely seen using the ability. Harry's immediate impression of her is of someone who is not to be crossed. She has a fondness for tartan, and her handkerchief, at least one hat, dressing gown, and dress robes are patterned with it. In the films, McGonagall often wears a Scottish brooch of a specific Scots style set with Cairngorm quartz citrines and Scottish agate. Rowling has said McGonagall's birthday is 4 October.[9] She has a wand of 9 inches, made of pine and with a core of dragon heartstring. Her mother is a witch called Isobel McGonagall and her father is a muggle.
In the first book, after seeing Harry fly masterfully his very first time on a broom, she recommends him to fill the position of Seeker on the Gryffindor Quidditch team and sends him a broom, even though first-year students are normally prohibited from playing the sport or owning brooms. Furthermore, although a rigorous disciplinarian, she often assists Harry indirectly with activities that are not strictly within the rules of Hogwarts; for example, she allows Harry and his friends to use the Transfiguration classroom to practice for tasks in the Triwizard Tournament. She promises Harry she would do everything in her power to help him to achieve his goal of becoming an auror, and she keeps her promise.[10] Despite her stern front, McGonagall is shown to have good intentions at heart and has been known to display a range of emotions, which can often be a shock to her colleagues and students.
It is revealed in Order of the Phoenix that McGonagall is a member of the Order of the Phoenix. She and Dolores Umbridge seem to have a mutual dislike for each other, as Umbridge continuously usurps more and more power from the staff and from Dumbledore and McGonagall in particular. McGonagall quietly resists, vowing to assist Harry's lukewarm desire to become an auror primarily to spite Umbridge, and ignoring or even quietly aiding Peeves and the students in their destructive pranks. When McGonagall attempts to stop Umbridge and her fellow Ministry cronies from unjustly taking Hagrid away by force, she is hit by four stunning spells without warning, before she can draw her wand. In an unconscious state, she is rushed to St Mungo's, where she recovers for a while. McGonagall returns to the school towards the end of the book, though she temporarily uses a walking stick . After the death of Dumbledore in Half-Blood Prince, she becomes the acting Headmistress of Hogwarts.
However, in the series finale, she does not become headmistress at the start of term as expected; Snape is appointed by the new Minister for Magic Pius Thicknesse, who is actually under the Imperius Curse and acting for Voldemort. Despite the many changes, she is retained as head of Gryffindor House. Before the Battle of Hogwarts, she goes to the Ravenclaw tower and finds Alecto Carrow stunned and her brother Amycus searching for Harry. She's surprised when Amycus tells her Voldemort warned them Harry would try to break in the Ravenclaw Tower, proudly telling him Harry has no business on the Ravenclaw Tower, for Harry is in her House, Gryffindor. When Amycus suggests blaming the students to compensate for his sister's state, McGonagall immediately intervenes. In response, Amycus spits in her face. Harry, who is present and hidden under his invisibility cloak, reveals himself and uses the Cruciatus Curse on Amycus. Harry then informs McGonagall that Voldemort is on his way and after tying up both the Carrows and placing them in a net, she sends three Patronuses – which manifest in her Animagus form – to warn the other three Heads of House.[11] When on her way to meet the Heads of House, she meets Snape, who questions her about Potter's whereabouts. Not knowing Snape is actually still following Dumbledore's orders and has important information for Harry, she attacks him, engaging in a fierce duel. With help from Professors Sprout and Flitwick, she succeeds in driving Snape away. McGonagall then takes charge of the school again and proceeds to secure it against Voldemort to ensure Harry can fulfil his mission from Dumbledore. She also organises the evacuation of the school's under-age students to ensure their safety. She then leads the remaining students, the staff of Hogwarts, and members of the Order of the Phoenix in the fight against Voldemort. She is seen during the battle with a large gash on her cheek and commanding a herd of charmed desks to charge at Death Eaters. When Harry has been apparently killed, she screams, causing Bellatrix Lestrange to laugh. Finally, McGonagall ends up duelling Voldemort alongside Kingsley Shacklebolt and Horace Slughorn. As is confirmed in The Tales of Beedle the Bard, McGonagall becomes Headmistress of Hogwarts after the Battle of Hogwarts and Snape's death; however, in an interview Rowling said McGonagall would be retired by the time of the Deathly Hallows epilogue (19 years after the main events of Deathly Hallows), as she is "getting on in years."
McGonagall is played by Dame Maggie Smith in the film adaptations. Smith has described her role as "Miss Jean Brodie in a wizard's hat", Given that her role becomes progressively smaller as the series goes on, she notes that Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is her favourite thus far.[12] Smith appeared in all the films of the series except for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, which does not take place in Hogwarts. Rowling has stated that she always pictured Smith portraying McGonagall, and claimed the actress to be at the top of her list.[13]
Rowling named the character after the poet (and tragedian) William McGonagall, whose name she liked. Her first name, Minerva, comes from the Roman goddess of wisdom.[14]
Poppy Pomfrey[edit]
Madam Poppy Pomfrey is a magical Healer who is the matron-in-charge of the Hogwarts hospital wing. She is known to be very strict regarding the rules of her infirmary. Ron goes to Madam Pomfrey after being bitten by a dragon named Norbert in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. After Harry defeats Professor Quirrell in the dungeons, he spends three days unconscious in the hospital wing. In Chamber of Secrets, Madam Pomfrey regrows the bones in Harry's broken arm after Gilderoy Lockhart accidentally removes them following Gryffindor's Quidditch win over Slytherin. Hermione ends up in the hospital wing for a month after a mishap with the Polyjuice Potion that leaves her half-feline, which Pomfrey keeps a secret from the rest of the staff, then is again hospitalised after she is petrified along with several other students. In Prisoner of Azkaban, Madam Pomfrey speaks approvingly of Remus Lupin's use of chocolate to relieve the effects of a dementor's presence on students, commenting that Hogwarts has "finally got a Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher who knows his remedies".
She also tended to Harry after the Quidditch match against Hufflepuff, due to dementors around the pitch. After Umbridge's guards stun McGonagall in Order of the Phoenix, Madam Pomfrey says she would resign in protest were she not afraid of what would become of the students without her presence. She also tends to Hermione, Ginny, Ron, Harry, Neville, and Luna after the battle in the Department of Mysteries. Umbridge is also a recipient of her healing skills after her scuffle with the Centaurs. In Half-Blood Prince, she takes care of Ron after he is poisoned and tends to Harry after his skull is cracked by a Bludger in a Quidditch match. She attempts to heal Bill of his scars from Greyback's attack, without much success, and bursts into tears when she hears of Dumbledore's death. In Deathly Hallows, she and Argus Filch oversee student evacuations from Hogwarts before the Battle of Hogwarts. She is later seen tending to the injured fighters.
Gemma Jones appeared as Madam Pomfrey in the film adaptations of Chamber of Secrets, Half Blood Prince, and Deathly Hallows – Part 2.
Quirinus Quirrell[edit]
Quirinus Quirrell is the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher at Hogwarts during Harry Potter's first year and secretly a Death Eater. Prior to his employment at Hogwarts, he is said by Rubeus Hagrid to have had a "brilliant mind", and was a fine teacher while studying from books; some time before Harry's arrival at Hogwarts, "he took a year off to get some first-hand experience". Rowling stated in a live web chat on 30 July 2007 that Quirrell had worked at Hogwarts as Muggle Studies teacher for a certain length of time, before taking the cursed Defence Against the Dark Arts position in the same year that Harry joined.[15] Upon his return, he appears perpetually nervous and has developed a stutter and nervous tics. Quirrell's attire includes a new purple turban which he claims to have received as a reward from an African prince for getting rid of a troublesome zombie. Fred and George Weasley constantly joke that the turban was full of garlic to ward away vampires and in one part they even enchant snowballs to hit it.
Harry first meets Quirrell at the Leaky Cauldron, while being escorted by Hagrid to Diagon Alley to shop for school supplies. Quirrell is next seen at Hogwarts conversing with Snape at the start-of-term banquet, and then regularly while teaching Defence Against the Dark Arts lessons. During the school's Halloween banquet, Quirrell appears in the Great Hall to warn staff and students of a troll in the dungeons and then he faints. While playing Quidditch, Harry is almost thrown off his broom by some sort of curse and he, Ron, and Hermione believe it is Snape who is responsible. They begin to suspect that Snape is trying to steal the Philosopher's Stone hidden in a secret chamber in Hogwarts; however, when Harry finally arrives in the chamber, he discovers that it is not Snape, but Quirrell, who is the real villain. Quirrell then reveals that he was the one who let in the troll and attempted to throw Harry off his broom while Snape muttered a counter curse. During the climax of the story, as Harry and Quirrell try to recover the stone from the Mirror of Erised, Voldemort reveals himself on the back of Quirrell's head, formerly concealed by the turban, and speaks directly to Harry, threatening to kill him if he does not assist Voldemort in recovering it. After Harry refuses, Voldemort orders Quirrell to attack Harry, who holds off Quirrell long enough for aid to arrive, at which point Voldemort flees, in his non-physical form. Voldemort's departure, as well as the agony suffered by him because of his contact with Harry, who continues to be protected by the love of his mother and the spell that was cast by her sacrificing her life to save Harry, causes Quirrell to die.
British actor Ian Hart portrayed Quirrell in the first film.
Horace Slughorn[edit]
Horace E. F. Slughorn is the long-serving Potions teacher and Head of Slytherin House since at least the 1940s, until his retirement after the 1980–81 school year. Following his retirement and the resurgence of Voldemort, Slughorn goes into hiding, concealing all knowledge of his whereabouts from both sides in the growing conflict in the wizarding world. However, after moving Snape to Defence Against the Dark Arts, Dumbledore locates Slughorn and uses Harry as incentive to convince him to return to teaching Potions. Slughorn is described as preferring to be a "back-seat driver", obtaining things he desires by using his contacts, particularly students whom he has invited into the "Slug Club", a group of students favoured by Slughorn, based either on their connections to important people (a type of cronyism) or on his belief that they have talents that will make them important and famous themselves when they leave school (meritocracy). He is one of the first Slytherin characters to defy the house's stereotype and being portrayed in a somewhat positive light: while he is self-serving and not above bending rules, he lacks the near-amorality and underhandedness that had, until that point, been a hallmark of the house. He does not resent blood status in general, and admits a pleasurable surprise when he comes upon a talented Muggle-born, such as Hermione or, years before, Lily Evans, one of his all-time favourite pupils. Also, Slughorn notably displays not pride, but shame at having helped a young Tom Marvolo Riddle perform some of his most noted and impressive feats of magic, as Riddle had questioned Slughorn about Horcruxes. However, students he deems unimportant he ignores, as though they were not there.
In Half-Blood Prince, Harry is invited to the first meeting of the Slug Club held on the Hogwarts Express. Slughorn sets less-stringent entry criteria for Advanced Potions than his predecessor, lowering the required grade from a perfect O (Outstanding) to the above-average E (Exceeds Expectations). This last-minute change enables Harry and Ron to take Potions at NEWT level. However, since Harry had not expected to be allowed to join the course, he has none of the necessary materials, and Slughorn lends him an old textbook until Harry can procure his own. Later, Harry does buy a new copy of Advanced Potion-Making from Flourish and Blotts, but switches the covers and gives back the new book. During his first class, Slughorn offers a small amount of Felix Felicis to the student who brews the best cauldron of the Draught of Living Death. Harry wins with the help of handwritten notes in the borrowed textbook, which had once belonged to Snape, unbeknownst to him. When Ron Weasley falls victim to a high-strength love potion, Slughorn administers an antidote, but then nearly kills him with a drink of poisoned mead, not knowing that the bottle had been planted by Draco Malfoy in an attempt to kill Albus Dumbledore. Harry later uses the Felix Felicis to help retrieve a memory from Slughorn that details the conversation between the professor and Riddle about Horcruxes as well as the possibility of creating more than one Horcrux.
In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Slughorn briefly appears with other teachers assembling to fight Death Eaters. As Snape is now Headmaster, Slughorn has again assumed the post of Head of Slytherin. Though he is initially hesitant to join in the Battle of Hogwarts and is assumed to have evacuated with his house, he returns to the fray later on. It is revealed that he has not fled, but has recruited a large number of reinforcements to fight for Hogwarts. He then summons up the courage to duel Voldemort, alongside McGonagall and Kingsley Shacklebolt.
Slughorn is played by Jim Broadbent in the film adaptations of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2.
Pomona Sprout[edit]
Pomona Sprout is Professor of Herbology and the Head of Hufflepuff House. She is described as a dumpy little witch with flyaway grey hair who wears a patched, frayed hat and shabby robes, often covered in dirt due to the time she spends tending plants in the Hogwarts greenhouses. Sprout is introduced in Philosopher's Stone, but she plays no active role until Chamber of Secrets, in which she teaches her second year students to work with Mandrake plants. She is responsible for raising the Mandrakes to full maturity, at which point their juice is used to revive the petrified victims of the basilisk.
Sprout subsequently appears in Goblet of Fire in which, as the Hufflepuff Head of House, she comforts Amos Diggory and his wife after the death of their son, Hufflepuff student Cedric Diggory, whom she knew well. In Order of the Phoenix, Sprout is a non-vocal supporter of Harry's story about Voldemort's resurrection. Like many teachers at Hogwarts, she detests Umbridge's presence and does her best to disobey her. After the raid of Hogwarts in Half-Blood Prince, Sprout is a staunch advocate of keeping Hogwarts open. She also supports the suggestion that Dumbledore should be laid to rest at Hogwarts. Sprout attends Dumbledore's funeral, where she appears cleaner than she has ever been seen before.
In Deathly Hallows, she chases Snape away from Hogwarts with Professors McGonagall and Flitwick. Informed that Voldemort and his Death Eaters are coming to besiege Hogwarts, she uses her knowledge of magical plants by improvising offensive botany, and, with the help of several students, throws Mandrakes, Snargaluff pods, and Venomous Tentaculas off the castle walls at the approaching Death Eaters. The epilogue of Deathly Hallows reveals that Neville Longbottom has become the new Herbology teacher at Hogwarts. The circumstances of Sprout's departure from the job are not revealed.
Sprout was portrayed by Miriam Margolyes in the film adaptation of Chamber of Secrets and Deathly Hallows – Part 2.[16]
Sybill Trelawney[edit]
Sybill Patricia Trelawney is the Divination teacher. She is the great-great-granddaughter of the celebrated seer Cassandra Trelawney, and, in fact, has inherited some of her ancestor's talent. Trelawney is described as a slight woman resembling an insect, draped in a large spangled shawl and many gaudy bangles and rings. She speaks in a whispy voice and wears thick glasses, which cause her eyes to appear greatly magnified. Her odd classroom in the North Tower of Hogwarts is a cross between "someone's attic and an old-fashioned tea shop";[17] it can only be reached by climbing to the top of the stairs and then up a ladder through a trapdoor set in the ceiling. This dim, heavily scented, and "stiflingly" warm room often affects students' wakefulness.
Professor Trelawney first appears in the third book of the series, when Harry, Ron, and Hermione start divination lessons. The friends generally believe Professor Trelawney is a fraud. However, Gryffindor students Parvati Patil and Lavender Brown are very fond of and impressed by her. According to Professor McGonagall, her credibility as a seer is undermined by her habit of erroneously predicting, each year, the death of one of her students. However, from time to time she does make predictions within the books, which come true. Her more profound predictions seem only to happen when she is in a trance and unaware of what she is saying, with no memory of it afterward.
Prior to the events of the Harry Potter books, Professor Trelawney falls into a prophetic trance while in an interview with Dumbledore at the Hog's Head, making a prophecy about the birth of a wizard "with the power to vanquish" Voldemort. This prophecy was partly overheard by Snape, who relayed what he heard to Voldemort. This led Voldemort to attack the Potter family, believing that Harry was the child named. In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Professor Trelawney prophesies to Harry about the events of the book's climax. In Order of the Phoenix, Professor Trelawney is first put on probation by Umbridge, and later fired. However, Professor Trelawney continues to reside in Hogwarts castle due to an order by Dumbledore, who believes that she would be in danger outside Hogwarts due to the prophecy she made during her interview. Dumbledore later reveals that the prophecy is why he keeps her employed as a Divination teacher. Professor Trelawney returns to teaching in Half-Blood Prince, but has to share classes with Firenze, as he was cast out by his fellow centaurs when he agreed to replace Professor Trelawney after she was fired. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, she is seen aiding in the Battle of Hogwarts by magically accelerating her crystal balls at Death Eaters. She uses one of these crystal balls to defend an injured Lavender against the attack of werewolf Fenrir Greyback. In the film adaptation, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, she is seen covering someone's body, with the aid of Padma Patil.
In the British editions of the books, her name is consistently spelled as "Sybill". In the American editions, from her first appearance in Prisoner of Azkaban through Order of the Phoenix, her name is spelled as "Sibyll". However, in the American edition of Half-Blood Prince, it is re-spelled as "Sybill", matching the UK edition.[18]
Professor Trelawney is portrayed by Emma Thompson in the Prisoner of Azkaban, Order of the Phoenix, and Deathly Hallows Part 2.
Hogwarts ghosts[edit]
Hogwarts is home to at least twenty ghosts,[HP1] but when people in the novels speak of the ghosts at Hogwarts they are usually referring to one of the four resident ghosts of the Hogwarts houses: Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington (or, as the students refer to him, Nearly Headless Nick), the almost-decapitated wizard of the Court who resides in Gryffindor tower; the Bloody Baron, who resides in the Slytherin dungeon; the jovial Fat Friar, who resides with the Hufflepuffs; and the Grey Lady, who "lives" with the Ravenclaws. These ghosts seem to act as something like advisers and aides to the students; Nick is frequently seen helping Harry during moments of uncertainty or crisis.
The Bloody Baron[edit]
The Bloody Baron is the Slytherin House ghost. He is the only person besides Dumbledore and Fred and George Weasley who can exert any control over the poltergeist Peeves; Peeves is terrified of him for some unknown reason, referring to him as "Your Bloodiness" and "Mr. Baron."
The Baron's nickname comes from the fact that he is covered with blood, which appears silvery on his ghostly form. When Nearly Headless Nick is asked in the first book why the Baron is so bloody, Nick delicately comments that "he has never asked". However, this is explained in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, when Helena Ravenclaw (The Grey Lady) tells Harry that the Baron had been in love with her when the two were alive, and when she ran off with her mother's diadem, Rowena Ravenclaw sent the Baron after her, knowing he would not stop until Helena was found. When Helena refused to return with him, however, the Baron killed her in a fit of rage, and then, in remorse, killed himself with the same weapon. He has thus haunted Hogwarts ever since, wearing his ghostly chains as a form of penance.
Terence Bayler portrayed the Baron in the first film. In contrast to his book counterpart, the Baron is quite mirthful in the film, playfully swiping through the Sorting feast with his sword, much to the amusement of those within his house.
The Fat Friar[edit]
The Fat Friar is the Hufflepuff House ghost. He is a jolly man and very forgiving. In Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone when the first years are waiting for Professor McGonagall to return and the ghosts pass overhead, the Fat Friar is pleading on behalf of Peeves the Poltergeist to allow him to come to the welcome feast despite his past wrongdoings. Similarly, when Peeves wants to join the welcome feast in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the Fat Friar was willing to give him a chance.
Simon Fisher-Becker appeared as the Fat Friar in the film adaptation of Philosopher's Stone.
The Grey Lady[edit]
The Grey Lady is the Ravenclaw House ghost. According to a letter written by Rowling to Nina Young, the actress who played the Grey Lady in the first film, she is "a highly intellectual young lady .... She never found true love as she never found a man up to her standards".[19]
In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows it is revealed that the Grey Lady is Helena Ravenclaw, daughter of Rowena Ravenclaw, making her the only house ghost known to be related to one of the Hogwarts founders. She informs Harry that she stole the Diadem of Ravenclaw from her mother, in an attempt to become smarter than her, and then went into hiding in Albania. It was a dying Rowena Ravenclaw's wish to see her daughter again and so she sent for the Bloody Baron to look for her, knowing that he would not rest until he brought her back, partly because he was in love with her. However, she refused to come with him and, in a moment of blind rage, he killed her with a single stab wound to the chest. Overcome with remorse, the Bloody Baron killed himself using the same weapon in turn and wears chains as penitence, "as he should", the Grey Lady says. The diadem remained in the hollow of a tree in an Albanian forest until Tom Riddle managed to charm the story out of her ghost, the Grey Lady. Riddle, who had been seeking out historically significant objects to make into Horcruxes, later retrieved the diadem from Albania and hid it in the Room of Requirement at Hogwarts while visiting the castle years later.
In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, she was played by Kelly Macdonald,[20] and in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone the Grey Lady was played by Nina Young.
Nearly Headless Nick[edit]
Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington KG, often referred to as Nearly Headless Nick, Nick, or Sir Nicholas, is the Gryffindor House ghost who in life was sentenced to death by beheading after a teeth-straightening spell went awry on Lady Grieve.[21] Unfortunately, the executioner's axe was blunt and Nick's head was still attached to his neck by a thin strip of skin after 45 chops. Harry becomes friends with Nick when he attends his "deathday" party (the 500th anniversary of the event) in a Hogwarts dungeon. Nick's death date (31 October 1492) has the distinction of having served as the basis for the entire chronology of the Harry Potter stories, until the timeline was confirmed by the headstone of James and Lily Potter in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. His greatest wish is to become a member of the Headless Hunt, as mentioned in the second book. However, he is excluded due to the fact that he is not actually headless and would never be completely able to participate in the activities (such as Head Polo).
In Chamber of Secrets, Nick is a victim of the Basilisk that Ginny Weasley unleashes under the influence of Tom Riddle. The stare of the Basilisk is lethal to anyone who looks it directly in the eye. All of its living victims meet its gaze indirectly, either from a reflection or by seeing it through something else, and are only petrified rather than killed. Nick is the only one to look directly at the Basilisk, but he too is petrified since he's already dead.
The character appears again in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix when Harry has been looking for comfort upon the death of Sirius Black, hoping he can see him later as a ghost. Nick explains that only witches and wizards who fear death and refuse to go on can become ghosts, dashing Harry's hope of communicating with Sirius. He appears briefly in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, when Harry asks him to bring him to the Grey Lady.
The character is portrayed in the film series by John Cleese, and only appears in the first two films.
Hogwarts founders[edit]
Hogwarts was founded a millennium ago (the exact date unknown) by "four of the greatest witches and wizards of the age":[HP2] Godric Gryffindor, Helga Hufflepuff, Rowena Ravenclaw, and Salazar Slytherin. The founders served as Hogwarts' first teachers, and each of the Hogwarts houses is named after one of the founders.
Godric Gryffindor[edit]
Godric Gryffindor hailed from a moor that is now known as Godric's Hollow, a small West Country village.[HP7] Gryffindor is said to have praised courage, determination, and strength of heart above all other qualities. He also was the most in favour of allowing Muggle-borns into the school. He was initially a close friend of Salazar Slytherin, but over time their friendship deteriorated, making the houses enemies. "Godric Gryffindor was the most accomplished dueller of his time, an enlightened fighter against Muggle-discrimination and the first owner of the celebrated Sorting Hat."[22]
His known relics are a goblin-made sword adorned with rubies (the Goblins claim that Godric stole it from them, but Goblin notions of ownership are different from human views of ownership) and the Sorting Hat. The two items share a particular bond: whenever a "true Gryffindor" needs it, the Sword will allow itself to be pulled out of the hat. Godric's sword is goblin wrought silver, so it never needs cleaning and only takes in what strengthens it—when Harry kills a basilisk with it in the Chamber of Secrets it absorbed basilisk venom, making it suitable as a tool for destroying Voldemort's Horcruxes: Dumbledore uses it to destroy Gaunt's ring, Ron Weasley uses it to smash Slytherin's locket, and Neville Longbottom uses it to kill Nagini.
Helga Hufflepuff[edit]
Helga Hufflepuff came from a broad valley. The Sorting Hat describes her as "good Hufflepuff" or "sweet Hufflepuff". She favoured loyalty, honesty, and dedication. In Goblet of Fire, she is said to have considered "hard workers almost always most worthy of admission". Elsewhere, she is described as taking "all the rest" of the students after selection by her colleagues. She was a good friend of Rowena Ravenclaw; their friendship is used to emphasise the failed friendship between Godric Gryffindor and Salazar Slytherin.
"One of the four celebrated Founders of Hogwarts, Hufflepuff was particularly famous for her dexterity at food-related Charms. Many recipes traditionally served at Hogwarts feasts originated with Hufflepuff."[23] Her wizard card, penned by Rowling, describes her as having "brought people from different walks of life together to help build Hogwarts", and being "loved for her charming ways". According to an interview between Rowling and staff from The Leaky Cauldron, Hufflepuff introduced house-elves to Hogwarts, where she offered them refuge.[24] Both the famous wizard card and the illustration on Rowling's website depict her as a plump woman with red hair. Coincidentally, those two traits are commonly used to describe Molly Weasley.
One relic of Hufflepuff, a small golden cup, emblazoned with her symbol of a badger, is passed down to her distant descendant, Hepzibah Smith. This cup is stolen by Tom Riddle and made into a Horcrux.
Rowena Ravenclaw[edit]
Rowena Ravenclaw[25] was a witch noted for her cleverness and creativity, and was described by Xenophilius Lovegood as beautiful. The Sorting Hat introduces her as "Fair Ravenclaw, from glen", suggesting she was from Scotland. Ravenclaw devised the ever-changing floor plans and moving staircases in the Hogwarts castle,[citation needed] and coined the proverb "Wit beyond measure is man's greatest treasure." Ravenclaw is described by the Sorting Hat as having selected students according to intelligence and wisdom. "Rowena Ravenclaw was the most brilliant witch of her time, though legend has it that a broken heart—cause unknown—contributed to her early demise." It is revealed in the Deathly Hallows that the broken heart contributing to her untimely death was most likely the loss of her daughter, Helena Ravenclaw, who is, in fact, the Ravenclaw House Ghost (nicknamed The Grey Lady), and the loss of her diadem, the very relic to which Ravenclaw's astounding wisdom was attributed.
In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Harry learns that an artefact of Ravenclaw's became a Horcrux: her lost diadem, which granted enhanced wisdom to its wearer. Her daughter, Helena Ravenclaw, had once run away with it to surpass her mother in terms of intelligence and wisdom and hid it in Albania, its whereabouts remaining unknown ever since. She, however, revealed its location to a young Tom Riddle, who proceeded to retrieve it and turn it into a Horcrux. In the original uncursed form, it is said to be able to imbue its wearer with great wisdom. Late in her life, Rowena, suffering from a terminal illness, sent for the Bloody Baron to find her daughter so she could see her one last time before she died. However, Helena refused to go with the Baron, and he killed her in a paroxysm of rage. Immediately overcome with guilt, he then took his own life.
Salazar Slytherin[edit]
Salazar Slytherin is described as power hungry by the Sorting Hat, and was known as "shrewd Slytherin from fen". Salazar Slytherin was one of the first recorded Parselmouths, an accomplished Legilimens, and a notorious champion of pureblood supremacy."[26] Slytherin is the only founder whose physical appearance is ever described in any detail; his statue in the Chamber of Secrets depicts a man "ancient and monkey-like, with a long thin beard that fell almost to the bottom of his sweeping robes." According to Dumbledore, the qualities that Slytherin prized in his handpicked students included his own rare ability to speak Parseltongue,[27] resourcefulness, and determination. He also selected his students according to cunning, ambition, and blood purity. Slytherin's first name is a reference to the mid 20th century Portuguese dictator's surname — Rowling's stay in the country (where his presence is still felt long after the dictatorship era) inspired this name choice.[28]
Slytherin's background is first discussed by Professor Binns in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (by Professor McGonagall in the film version): he describes the founding of the school and the schism which developed between Slytherin and the other founders, and he mentions that the castle was founded far from Muggles because, at that time, common people feared magic and persecuted suspected wizards and witches. Slytherin wanted magical learning restricted to all-magical families, as he believed Muggle-born students to be untrustworthy and he disliked teaching such students. According to ancient legend, Slytherin was responsible for the construction of the Chamber of Secrets. This chamber contained a magical creature, the Basilisk, susceptible to control by his Parselmouth descendants and left there to purge the school of all Muggle-borns. This occurred shortly before infighting among the four founders broke out and resulted in Slytherin's departure.
The Golden Locket is the relic of Slytherin. The locket was passed down the Slytherin family, eventually to Merope Gaunt who sold it to Borgin and Burkes. The shop in turn sold it to Hepzibah Smith at almost 100% profit. Later, Tom Riddle Jr. (Voldemort) stole the locket along with the Cup of Hufflepuff and transformed them into Horcruxes. Regulus Black discovered it was Horcrux and stole it but died in the process. Further stolen by Mundungus Fletcher, it was finally passed to Dolores Umbridge. Harry uses Parseltongue to open it in the seventh book and Ron destroys it with the Sword of Gryffindor.
See also[edit]
- ^ J.K.Rowling – Official Site "More idle jottings (Page 1)"
- ^ JKRowling.com – Rumors section: Mrs. Norris is an unregistered Animagus
- ^ JKRowling.com – F.A.Q. section: Is Flitwick a short human or is he some other type of being?
- ^ http://www.the-leaky-cauldron.org/2009/10/11/warwick-davis-on-new-look-flitwick-for-the-harry-potter-films
- ^ http://www.jkrowling.com
- ^ J.K. Rowling Web Chat Transcript – The Leaky Cauldron
- ^ JKRowling.com – Extra Stuff section: Gilderoy Lockhart
- ^ Scholastic Chat. accio-quote.org.
- ^ "Happy Birthday, Minerva McGonagall!". The Leaky Cauldron. 3 October 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
- ^ "Wizard of the Month for October". JK Rowling. 20 October 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (2007). Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. London: Bloomsbury/New York City: Scholastic, et al. UK ISBN 1551929767/U.S. ISBN 0545010225. , chapter 30
- ^ "I'm very scared of being back on stage" London Evening Standard. 2 March 2007
- ^ They really do look as I'd imagined they would inside my head.
- ^ JKR: I'm big on names – I like names, generally. You have to be really careful giving me your name if it's an unusual one, because you will turn up in book six. Erm – I – I collect – some of them are invented. ... Lydon: Minerva McGonagall? JKR: yeah, McGonagall, old erm – very, very, very bad Scottish poet, McGonagall is – I just loved the name.
- ^ J. K. Rowling Webchat Transcript from the "Harry Potter" website at "Bloomsbury"
- ^ "Miriam Margolyes: I love actors". Evening Post. South Wales. 25 September 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2009.
- ^ Rowling, J.K. (1999). Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, p. 102.
- ^ Her namesakes, the prophetesses of mythological Greece, were named the "Sibyls" ('Σίβυλλα)
- ^ Ghosts Harry Potter Lexicon
- ^ Lopez, John (10 December 2010). "Boardwalk Empire's Kelly Macdonald on Scorsese, the Coens, and Her Future in the Show". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
- ^ J.K.Rowling Official Site – Harry Potter and more
- ^ Section: Wizard of the Month Godric Gryffindor JKRowling.com. Retrieved 30 June 2007
- ^ New Wizard of the Month May 2007 mugglesguide.com.
- ^ PotterCast 122 "the-leaky-cauldron.org."
- ^ New Wizard of the Month August 2007 mugglesguide.com.
- ^ New Wizard of the Month June 2007 mugglesguide.com.
- ^ Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets – Chapter 18 – Page 333
- ^ Axel BUGGE "Insight: Portugal toughs it out as austerity bites" Reuters, 2012.06.10
External links[edit]
- Professor on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
- The Harry Potter Lexicon's page on the Hogwarts Staff

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(Community-Acquired Pneumonia; CAP; Bronchopneumonia)
Development of Pneumonia in the Air Sacs of the Lungs |
The normal exchange of gases is interrupted by the build up of fluids. |
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc. |
- Community-acquired—from the community, such as a school, gym, or at work
- Nosocomial—in a hospital or healthcare setting
- Aspiration—happens when foreign matter is inhaled into the lungs, such as food, liquid, saliva, or vomit
- Infection from specific types of:
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Aspiration
- Other specific germs
- Chemical exposure and irritation
Aspiration |
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc. |
Risk Factors
- Living in crowded living conditions, such as dormitories or nursing homes
- Smoking
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Trouble swallowing or coughing
- Having certain lung conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or cystic fibrosis
- Sleep apnea
- Being on a ventilator
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
- Weakened immune system
- Malnutrition
- Exposures to respiratory inhalants at work, such as:
- Ammonia
- Chlorine
- Minerals
- Vegetable dusts
- Cough
- Chest pain
- Increased mucus production
- Fever and chills
- Trouble breathing
- Weakness
- Blood tests and/or cultures
- Sputum culture
- Urine tests
- A chest x-ray
- A lung ultrasound
- What caused the pneumonia
- Severity of symptoms
- Other factors, like your overall health
- Antibiotics—for pneumonia caused by bacteria
- Antifungal medications—for pneumonia caused by fungi
- Antiviral medications—for pneumonia caused viruses, such as influenza
- Over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and discomfort
- Vitamin C may be advised if you don't get enough in your diet
- Oxygen therapy may be needed in more severe cases
- Flu vaccine—pneumonia may be a complication of the flu for people at high risk of infection, especially aged 50 years and older
- Pneumococcal vaccine:
- All adults who are aged 65 years or older
- Adults of any age who are at high risk of infection or have a suppressed immune system
- If you smoke, talk to your doctor about how you can successfully quit. Smoke weakens the lungs' resistance to infection and increases recovery time.
- Avoid close contact with people who have the cold or flu.
- Wash your hands often, especially after coming into contact with someone who is sick..
- Protect yourself on jobs that include chemicals or other lung irritants.
- Maintain good control of any chronic disease, such as asthma and diabetes.
American Academy of Family Physicians http://www.familydoctor.org
American Lung Association http://www.lung.org
The College of Family Physicians of Canada http://www.cfpc.ca
The Lung Association http://www.lung.ca
2014 Immunization schedules. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/index.html. Updated January 31, 2014. Accessed February 17, 2014.
Blasi F, Aliberti S, Pappalettera M, Tarsia P. 100 years of respiratory medicine: pneumonia. Respir Med. 2007;101(5):875-881.
Braunwald E, Harrison TR, Fauci AS, et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill; 2008.
Carpenter CC, Andreoli TE, Griggs RC. Cecil Essentials of Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Science; 2003.
De Roux A, Marcos MA, Garcia E, Mensa J, Ewig S, Lode H, Torres A. Viral community-acquired pneumonia in non-immunocompromised adults. Chest. 2004;125(4):1343-1351.
Explore pneumonia. National Heart Lung Blood Institute (NHLBI) website. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pnu. Updated March 1, 2011. Accessed February 17, 2014.
How can pneumonia be prevented? National Heart Lung Blood Institute (NHLBI) website. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pnu/prevention.html. Updated March 1, 2011. Accessed February 17, 2014.
Niederman MS. Recent advances in community-acquired pneumonia inpatient and outpatient. Chest. 2007 April;4:1205-15.
Niederman MS. Review of treatment guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med. 2004;117:Suppl 3A:51S-57S. Review.
Pneumonia in adults. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated November 14, 2013. Accessed February 17, 2014.
10/29/2009 DynaMed Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Hemila H, Louhiala P. Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(3):CD005532.
10/21/2013 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Hemilä H, Louhiala P. Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Aug 8;8.
3/10/2014 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Su VY, Liu CJ, et al. Sleep apnea and risk of pneumonia: a natoinwide population-based study. CMAJ. 2014 Mar 3.
6/17/2014 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Reissig A, Copetti R, et al. Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective, multicenter diagnostic accuracy study. Chest. 2012 Oct;142(4):965-972.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: David L Horn, MD, FACP
- Review Date: 02/2014 -
- Update Date: 06/17/2014 -


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Welcome to Crowne Plaza London - Ealing
Crowne Plaza London Ealing is a stylish, modern hotel located in West London with excellent transport links making it an ideal base for both business and leisure travellers to the country's vibrant capital city.The 131 tastefully decorated bedrooms offer deluxe accommodation and some have views of the imposing arch of Wembley Stadium, which is next to Wembley Arena and the Wembley Designer Outlet. The hotel is also close to the iconic Ace Café, Park Royal and only four tube stops from Westfield Shopping Centre at Shepherds Bush. Access to Hanger Lane tube station on the Central Line is directly opposite the hotel and takes you to Central London (Oxford Circus) in approximately 26 minutes and directly through to Stratford in approximately 49 minutes.
By road from Heathrow Airport we are approximately 40 minutes and you'll find us on Hanger Lane Gyratory System where the A40 meets the A406, which in turn link to the major routes of the M25, M1, M40 and M4. To the south of us there is Kew Gardens and Twickenham is only approximately 25 minutes away. We have 83 car parking spaces and charges apply.
Our west 5 brasserie and west 5 bar are located on the lower ground floor and offer some 'homely' dining options plus the bar shows all the live action in HD on Sky Sports.Our conference/event facilities boast five meeting rooms (including an executive boardroom) with a maximum capacity of 90 guests, theatre style.


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Sometimes your dream safari doesn't quite match a group tour itinerary, you are looking to travel at your own pace or perhaps prefer your own private adventure. We are happy to tailor-make an itinerary designed specifically around your requirements. With the help of our specialist team of Africa safari planners, you can select your preferred style of accommodation and visit only the destinations and sites that you particularly want to see.
Here's three ways to get started with planning your safari to Africa:
Our expert team have travelled extensively throughout Africa and are on hand to offer advise and create the perfect, carefully planned holiday for you. With experienced local guides and rangers to take you on exhilerating game drives and show you around all of the key sites at each port of call and local representatives available to offer further assistance should you require it, travelling with on the go couldn't be simpler - we handle all of the arrangements and finer details, you just need to relax and enjoy your private adventure!
We ensure that all our recommended hotels and support services in Africa are regularly inspected and as a AITO, ABTA and ATOL bonded operator, you can be assured of exemplary service standards, our high customer satisfaction levels and that the payment you make for your holiday is adequately protected
A great safari takes time to plan and we're here to make it easy for you! Our job is to create the perfect safari for you, that matches your individual requirements with the best that Africa has to offer. We consider all your specific preferences and use our extensive travel knowledge and first hand experience to create a special travel experience, specially for you.
We look forward to welcoming you on safari to Africa this year.
Have a look at our selectoin of private tours to Africa below, which are a good start-point for planning your tailor-made safari to Africa.
Luring travellers to its shores for centuries, Africa is certainly not new to tourism, although some countries are more developed than others. Africa will surprise and delight even the most frequent traveller, with the almost overwhelming choice of accommodation available. Be it a luxury tented camp or a fabulous five star resort, an opulent lodge or a rustic guest house, a small boutique-style hotel or a modern all-amenities hotel, Africa has something to suit all tastes.
On your tailor-made safari, enjoy the best of both worlds with a bespoke mix of accommodation - perhaps a lodge one night, a luxury tented camp the next night, a deluxe hotel with all those lavish amenities just waiting to be sampled and then a night or two in a small boutique-style hotel. We can advise upon the choices available at all locations featured on your touring itinerary. Many lodges and hotels in Africa are not officially graded (given a star rating) and therefore we have categorised them as standard, mid range and luxury. As a general guide standard is equivalent to a 2-3 star, mid range - 4 star and luxury - 5 star.
Okuti Camp is the ultimate in great Botswana getaways. This camp has been designed in the style of an African village and is a delightful refuge nestled in the Moremi Game Reserve. Okuti is an intimate camp, catering to only 18 guests at one time. This child-friendly lodge is ideal for families. The luxurious accommodations include en suite bathrooms with hot and cold running water and flush toilets. Outdoor showers round out the well-appointed lodgings, each of which is completely insect-proof.
Set amongst pretty landscaped gardens, the elegant Ilala Lodge is the perfect place for exploring Victoria Falls. Spread out over two floors, the guest rooms are beautifully furnished in a classic style with teak wooden furniture. The falls are much more visible from the upper floors however the ground floor offers charming proximity to the friendly warthogs who frequent the hotel grounds to graze. The hotel also benefits from a gorgeous outdoor pool and award winning restaurant. Located within walking distance of the mighty Vic Falls.
One of the most unique establishments in Sossusvlei, the Le Mirage Desert Lodge & Spa tastefully combines a blend of luxury and nature. Built of exposed brick each of the stunning rooms offers a spectacular view of the Namib Desert. The thick rocks walls are perfect for keeping the rooms nice and cool from the relentless heat of the desert. The lodge also benefits from the Mystique Spa where guests can rejuvenate themselves with a variety of massages and treatments. Located a short drive from Sesriem.
The camp comprises spacious en-suite tents set on large mahogany platforms each with a spacious veranda complete with a cozy cushion filled day bed.
Individual, secluded, and intent on capturing the unique island life, Ibo Island Lodge defines barefoot luxury. The rooms are individual, and simply designed, with splashes of opulence.
One of Zanzibar's most exclusive resorts, Baraza evokes the heritage of Zanzibar dating back to the era of the Sultans. The 30 palatial villas have luxury interiors, hand carved furniture, stunning en suites and private terraces complete with plunge pool. The resort boasts a number excellent dining options including the Sultan's Dining Room. Guests can head to the Dhahabu Bar & Lounge for perfect sundowners after a long day at the beach! Located on Paje beach on Zanzibar's southeast coast - named as one of the top 30 in the world by Conde Nast Traveller magazine.
Vehicles: In Southern Africa you will be travelling in private cars, custom-built Toyota Land Cruisers or Toyota Quantum Mini Buses and throughout East Africa the vehicles used vary from a safari minibus to custom built 4x4 safari vehicles dependent on group sizes and itineraries. We do reserve the right to use different vehicles due to unforeseen circumstances or during high season.
Self Drive: South Africa and Namibia have a very good road network and are ideal destinations for a self drive holiday. Self drives are a wonderful semi-independent style of travel and more economical than using the services of a private driver throughout your holiday. We will ensure that everything runs smoothly along the way; organising your car hire, accommodation, game drives and any guided tours that you would like. You can choose the size and standard of car you wish to drive and the accommodation. An international license is necessary and you will need to provide your own road maps.
Air Travel: We recommend covering large distances by internal flights. We are happy to advise on the best routes and airlines to use for your given itinerary and can book flights on your behalf upon request.
Safaris: Most safari lodges operate a morning and evening game drive for their guests, which is led by their own experienced rangers within the national park. Dependent on your group size, you are likely to share a 4x4 vehicle with other guests of the lodge. The safari vehicles used by lodges on safari do vary in style and size and they can be open or closed 4x4 vehicles.
Living it Local: For something a bit more more authentic and truly African, your could opt to sail a dhow boat around the beautiful Mozambique or Madagascar archipelagos, ride a mokoro along the Okavango Delta or enjoy an elephant safari in Victoria Falls National Park. Africa offers a dizzying array of unique and wonderful experiences, feel free to ask us for more suggestions.
Prices can vary considerably for tailor-made travel as the quality of hotels and lodges, places visited and time of travel is entirely up to you. In addition, you may choose to have a private guide to escort your right through your safari in Africa, or simply have the services of local African guides at each port of call.
Prices also vary dependent upon the number of people in your travelling party, as fixed costs like transportation and guiding are shared across each group.
For an indication of the sorts of prices to expect for a private holiday in Africa please have a look at some of the Private Safaris featured on our website. These are based on two people travelling, sharing a twin/double room.
Not sure what you want to see in Africa? Help is at hand! Our expert team of tailor-made consultants aim to understand what inspires you to travel so that we can put together the perfect trip for you, incorporating your interests and passions, whether they be a love of wildlife, food, local culture, beach, luxury or outdoor adventure. Here are some of our top picks for Africa.
Africa is a continent full of colour, stunning scenery and friendly people with so much to do and see. From the world famous national parks of the Masai Mara and the Serengeti to the tranquil waterways of Botswana's Okavango Delta. Further south you'll come across the beautiful desert landscapes in Namibia's Sossusvlei and the rugged mountain ranges stretching to Cape Town - Africa's Mother City!
Once you get in touch we'll endeavour to find out exactly what you're looking for, recommending activities that perfectly complement your itinerary, suggest destinations off the beaten track, and hand pick unique things to see and do in the places you want to visit, ensuring that your safari is truly memorable.
Once you have a rough idea of what you would like to do and see on your safari, please fill in our simple 'Safari Wishlist'. We'll fully discuss your requirements, perhaps make some suggestions and then get right to work on your quotation.
Contact our Africa Safari specialists at firstname.lastname@example.com
Fill in your Africa tailor-made safari wish list and we'll do the rest!


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reversible crewneck sweatshirt
by OUR LEGACY
Our Legacy- established in 2005 in Sweden, began as a small t-shirt collection and developed into a full menswear collection by Spring/Summer 2008. Seeking to encapsulate a lifestyle rather than just a style, the brand draws inspiration from 1950's expressionist authors and artists who exemplify the perfect well dressed, yet relaxed look. The garments are designed to become a part of the wearer's travels and experiences and through great craftsmanship, withstand the test of time taking on character elements becoming more personal with wear. The style is overall minimal and utilitarian with a hint of prep, but with a focus on fabric and fit, the craftsmanship and uncompromising design stand out in their own right.
Back To Product View All From This DesignerMen's Size Chart
Product Details
Reversible pullover sweatshirt crafted from a warm cotton blend fabric featuring plain jersey on one side and fleece on the reverse. Ribbed neckline, cuffs and hem. Has a true-to-size comfortable fit.
• 68% cotton, 22% acrylic, 10% wool
• machine wash cold
• imported


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You are visiting our UK site. Click here to view our US site
Bollmann Medistar Case, Brown Leather, Single Pocket
- Traditional design doctors case with aluminium frame
- Spring mechanism holds bag wide open for easy access to contents
- Easy-clean plastic compartment with adjustable dividers
- Washable lining and inner pockets
- Twin handle for comfort and strength
- Integral lock with finger touch opening
- 44cm L x 25cm H x 25cm W
- External pocket
- Weight without contents 2.1kg
- Leather
Karl Bollmann of Germany is a specialist manufacturer of medical cases and bags, designed to fit the particular needs of any practitioner.
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Weight (including packaging): 2500g
Tax is not applicable to those living outside the European Economic Community. For more info click here.
Made to order
Now: £356.00 (£427.20 inc. tax)
Was: £375.00
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Please note that this bag is made to order. This process takes around two weeks, after which the bag is dispatched.
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Auriculotherapy Seminars - The 2014 UK Weekend Workshops with Jim Chalmers
A brief history of Ear Acupuncture, Anatomy and Enervation of the Ear, Techniques to locate active points, Prioritisation of point selection, TCM integration... [more]
Master Tung Acupuncture with Philip Weeks (22nd/23rd January 2015)
Tung Acupuncture is well known for its quick and spontaneous results... [more]


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Spirits of Mystery: The Dark Minotaur Collector's Edition
In the dark of night, an elusive figure breaks into the royal menagerie and steals four magic animals, your childhood companions and dearest friends. It is up to you to save them! Take the journey to discover more about the Dark Minotaur who threatens the magical world. Can you save them in time?
This is a special Collector's Edition release full of exclusive extras you won't find in the standard version. As a bonus, Collector's Edition purchases count toward three stamps on your Monthly Game Club Punch Card!
The Collector's Edition includes:
- Bonus gameplay
- Downloadable music tracks
- Stunning wallpapers and screensaver
- An integrated Strategy Guide
Game System Requirements:
- OS: Windows XP/Windows Vista/Windows 7/Windows 8
- CPU: 1.4 GHz
- DirectX: 9.0
- Hard Drive: 874 MB
Game Manager System Requirements:
- Browser: Internet Explorer 7 or later
Buy this game Get 3 punches
The Big Fish Guarantee:
- Quality tested and virus free.
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Energy Gel Taste Test Comparison
For many of us, energy gel is the, uh, 'glue' that holds our long runs together. You might have a special place in your heart for a certain brand or flavor, but if you're a gel novice or looking to expand your horizons, we've done the hard work of trying out every brand of gel we carry here at Running Warehouse.
Last week, we rounded up over a dozen energetic RW staffers to test out gels from Clif, GU, Hammer, Honey Stinger, PowerGel, Accel Gel and 2nd Surge. Of course, we didn't tell our taste-testers which gel was which, because we wanted unbiased feedback. Here's your guide to tasting the rainbow of energy gel brands and flavors:
Viscosity is an incredibly important factor when it comes to gel enjoyment. Some athletes want a thick, almost frosting-like gel, while others prefer a gel that is closer to the consistency of a juice. If you're looking for a very viscous energy gel, then try something from Clif or GU, both of which topped the charts in our tests when it came to gel thickness. If you want a gel that has more of a liquid consistency, then try a gel from Accel Gel, 2nd Surge or PowerGel, all of which came back as the least viscous gels. If a more middle-of-the-road consistency is what pleases your palate, then you should be happy with a gel from Hammer or Honey Stinger.
We rated gels on a scale of perceived sweetness. In the chart below, you can see the average score each gel received from our taste testers.


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Joakim Noah goaltending call costs Bulls OT victory over Nuggets
BY JOE COWLEY firstname.lastname@example.com March 18, 2013 9:52PM
Bulls head coach Tom Thibodeau and Carlos Boozer yell that an out of bounds call should go the Bulls way late in the overtime period of the Chicago Bulls 119-118 loss to the Denver Nuggets Monday March 18, 2013. | Tom Cruze~Sun-Times
- Sun-Times App: Bulls Extra
- INSIDE THE BULLS: Blog updates, commentary and more
- Paternity suit dropped against Bulls legend Michael Jordan
Article Extras
Updated: March 19, 2013 9:55AM
Phone calls will be made Tuesday morning.
Not one of them will change what happened to the Bulls in the 119-118 overtime loss to the Denver Nuggets on Monday.
And not one of them was going to stop Joakim Noah from questioning the review rule as adamantly as he did.
"I just don't understand why wouldn't you review that one [basket by the Nuggets' Kosta Koufos]? That's what's frustrating,'' Noah said with a raising voice. "How are you going to review that one but you can't review the one two plays before that? That's some [bleeping] bull----, some [bleeping] bull----.''
Just like that, the All-Star center ended the interview and walked out of the locker room, still looking for answers.
With 46.4 seconds left in overtime and the Nuggets seeing their 11-game winning streak in jeopardy, Koufos rebounded a Ty Lawson miss and put it back in for a 116-115 lead. But the ball looked to be on the rim, and that would mean offensive goaltending.
According to coach Tom Thibodeau, he asked the referees why it wasn't reviewed when the Bulls called a timeout. He was told that because no call was made, no review could take place.
After Andre Iguodala hit a three-pointer with 7.1 seconds left, the Bulls appeared to get the miracle they were looking for when Noah redirected Marco Belinelli's jumper into the bucket for a 120-119 lead.
That's when confusion reigned.
The Nuggets' bench went crazy, coach George Karl called a timeout and the officials reviewed the play. The basket was overturned because Noah interfered with the downward flight of the ball as it was heading toward the rim, and the Nuggets secured a franchise-best 12th consecutive win.
Thibodeau wasn't disputing the eventual call, but he believed no one made a call on Noah's play, so it shouldn't have been reviewable.
"Don't understand it, don't understand it one bit,'' Thibodeau said. "Koufos' play, I asked them why they didn't review it. Clearly it was on the rim. They told me because they didn't make the call, they couldn't review it. So that's the rule. I thought we had the video stuff to make sure we got it right.
"And those are tough calls, those are bang-bang plays. I understand that part of it. But I don't understand why one is reviewable and one isn't. After watching the replay, and I watched it when it occurred, none of them made the call on [Noah's] either.''
According to several of the official scorers, one of the refs indicated he made a call. But none of the Bulls players or coaches heard or saw the ref make the call.
"We're obviously excited, we're celebrating, then all of a sudden [the Nuggets'] bench is yelling to review. They review and take it away,'' Carlos Boozer said.
The loss dropped the Bulls to 36-30, and while Nate Robinson scored a season-high 34 points, box scores and career highs didn't seem to matter much. Even for a Bulls team that remained short-handed.
"I don't want to hear that,'' Thibodeau said when asked about being undermanned. "Made a lot of mistakes, got to play for 48 minutes. We've got to get the job done.''


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Lake House: Children of Silence
Long-forgotten memories bubble to the surface when the past invades the present in The Lake House: Children of Silence! Located at the edge of a gloomy lake and shrouded in fog, the house at the center of this story has stood empty for 15 years. Beckoned by what appears to be a ghost, a woman who lived there as a child returns to the house to solve a mystery that begins with an old photograph and ends in a secret room. Find hidden objects, solve puzzles and prepare yourself for an ending that will take you to a place darker than you can imagine!
- Over a dozen hidden object scenes
- Film projector with eight story clips
- Casual and Expert modes
- For a more in depth experience, check out the Collector's Edition
Game System Requirements:
- OS: Windows XP/Windows Vista/Windows 7/Windows 8
- CPU: 1.8 GHz
- DirectX: 9.0
- Hard Drive: 879 MB
Game Manager System Requirements:
- Browser: Internet Explorer 7 or later
The Big Fish Guarantee:
- Quality tested and virus free.
- No ads, no adware, no spyware.


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
WOW, it has been 8 years since first joining this site. It was then called Recipezaar. This site is the first on-line site that I ever joined. I was brought here in 2003 while searching for a Peach Cobbler Recipe. DH had shoulder surgery in March of 2004. The morning of his surgery I was looking for a Split Pea Soup and found myself once again on this site. This was also about the time that DH broke through his denial about his diabeties. We became much more aware of what we were eating. Several years before my cholesterol was out of site and I decided to loose weight in hopes of getting healtheir. Thanks to this site and the wonderful recipes I found, DH lost about 40 pounds and was able to manage his blood sugar more effectively. I also found a variety of recipes and have been able to maintain my weight loss much better. The cholesterol is still an issue with me. It is much lower than it was and I do attribute it to this cooking site. In coming to Zaar as I still affectionally call it in my heart, I not only gained a wealth of knowledge from the people of this site but I also made many lasting friendships. I have meet several people as a direct result of my interactions on now Food.com. I retired in April 2011 and thought that at long last I would have the time to do the things I wanted. Oh how wrong! 2012 has been a hectic time in my life. DH retired December of 2011. In March we made a cross country trip stopping in Dallas, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi and Lousiana before returning home to El Paso, TX. We were looking for our retirment home. Still unsure as to where we would land we returned home to begin painting, repairing and updating to put our house on the market. This took about 6 weeks or so. In May the house went on the market. The intial few weeks were very frustrating with only minimal interest in our home. In June we found ourselves in Hixson, TN and found the perfect home. It is really different from El Paso with lush greenery. We downsized a little in house but not in yard. We have a beautiful view with lots of green and the best part only a few hours from family and grandchildren. Our house in El Paso? Well we got an offer 9 days after putting the offer on the house in TN. We were truly blessed. DH and I have been married over 30 years. We have 2 children--a daughter and a son, neither of which live at home. Our daughter is married and we have a wonderful son-in-law and 2 beautiful granddaughters. We have 2 four legged children, Cookie and Brisa. I am a co-host in Recipe Request and Diabetic Forum. Since joining Zaar, I have meet lots of wonderful people on-line and in person, through swaps and the forums. Zaar is more than a cooking community. It is an internet community of friendship. A special thanks to all that review the recipes I have posted. I try hard to send thank yous but sometimes life just gets in the way. Participation & Awards: These are some of the fun games and clubs here at Zaar Food Family and Fun: Pick A Chef: Zaar World Tour: Photo Forum Events: Miscellaneous Events: Dialup ISP
Favorite foods? I love chicken and fish, especially salmon. I really enjoy finding new and different ways to prepare foods. I believe that the dining experience should be pleasant and enjoyable regardless of restrictions. A special diet doesn't have to be dull.


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Just wanted clarification on this, although it seems "obvious"
The Trench Run states that it enhances the DS dial so that it may be "engaged like an objective (it is not an objective)." My understanding of this is that it makes the dial immune to damage from:
1. Rebel Assault
2. Target of Opportunity
3. Undefended bonus
…as all of these specify a target or engaged objective.
Which basically means that it only takes damage from burst icons on cards. I just wanted to make sure that this was the intent behind the wording on the card.
Thanks for the help.


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Are you a bold thinker?
FITCH is a different kind of company. It's about enthusiasm, personality and creating something compelling. We're idealistic but pragmatic…we don't dictate, we consult, and if like us you're a passionate bold thinker then get in touch. If you want to innovate, to make a difference, and to influence the world around you - through our great work or our Globetrotters programme - then tell us your story…we are always curious to hear from great people.
We are always looking for people to do great (ground breaking) work with - if we want to design the future then we need to ensure we surround ourselves with those who also want to pierce into tomorrow, whether graduates, other super talented individuals, like minded creative partners and of course clients who demand the new and the bold. Collaborating to explore, experiment and prototype how brands and consumer world will be.
How do I apply for a position at FITCH?
How do I know if you've received my resume?
How do I know if a position is still open?
Will I be notified if I am not a match for a position?
May I submit my resume for a position that is not posted?
How can I register my details as a Freelancer?
How can I apply for an internship or work experience?
All our current vacancies are listed by sector and studio so please click on the filters in the right hand column to
see live opportunities around our network. View the role you are interested in and click Apply Now at the bottom of that page. It's as simple as that.
As soon as we've received your application, you'll get a confirmation email in return. If you don't see this, please check your spam filter or reapply.
All roles you see on fitch.com are live opportunities, so you're welcome to apply.
While we endeavor to get back to all applicants, due to a high volume of mail, we only get in touch with those we think are a good match for the roles we have at the time. However, we do keep all your details on file should an opportunity come up in the future.
Yes, you are welcome to send your details through to us and we will keep these on file should a new position come up that fits your profile. However, to ensure your application gets to the right people, please only use this link and do not submit via any of the others.
We regularly need freelancers and contractors, and would love to keep your details on file should any roles come up at short notice. You can submit your contact details here.
Please use the Graduates & Interns filter and search for opportunities at your studio of choice. If you don't see any roles listed there, you're welcome to submit your details here and we will be in touch if we have a vacancy.


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The Global Intelligence Files,
files released so far...
Index pages
by Date of Document
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The Global Intelligence Files
On Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.
Dispatch: Russia's Upcoming Parliamentary Elections
Released on 2012-10-11 16:00 GMT
Email-ID | 5302964 |
Date | 2011-11-30 20:23:03 |
From | firstname.lastname@example.com |
To | email@example.com |
List-Name | firstname.lastname@example.com |
Dispatch: Russia's Upcoming Parliamentary Elections
November 30, 2011 | 1902 GMT
Click on image below to watch video:
Senior Eurasia Analyst Lauren Goodrich discusses shifts in the Russian
political landscape ahead of the Dec. 4 parliamentary elections.
Editor*s Note: Transcripts are generated using speech-recognition
technology. Therefore, STRATFOR cannot guarantee their complete
Related Links
* The Geopolitics of Russia: Permanent Struggle
* Putin Re-Enters the World Stage with China Visit
This Sunday Russia will hold its parliamentary, or Duma, elections. Over
the past decade elections have not really been of much concern, as the
political landscape of Russia has been dominated by a singular party *
Premier Vladimir Putin*s United Russia.
However, this year there are a few interesting shifts taking place *
though everything may not be exactly what it seems.
Going off current and widely accepted polling numbers, it looks as if
four parties will be getting into Duma. United Russia will most likely
take 53% of the projected vote, with the remaining seats going to the
Communists, Liberal Democrats, and Just Russia.
Though United Russia will be taking majority of the vote, it is actually
a decrease for the ruling party by a projected, maybe 10 percent,
leading many in Russia to question the strength of United Russia * and
its leader Vladimir Putin.
But we need to step back a bit and look at the other parties that will
be getting in to Duma. Both the Communists and Liberal Democratic Party
are highly nationalist. The Communist Party is of course an old relic of
the Soviet Union, but works well with Putin and his agenda. The Liberal
Democratic Party is run by security hawk Vladimir Zhirinovsky, and has
roots in the KGB. These two parties would prefer that Putin was more
nationalist than he is now*not less. The last party, Just Russia, is
considered the most *liberal* though its leading figure, Sergei Mironov,
has openly stated that his party follows Putin*s path for Russia.
So where there are many political parties in Russia, they all are loyal
to Putin * even if they don*t like each other.
This was Putin*s plan all along. What Putin has been attempting to do is
create a system of managed democracy. Putin wants to make Russia look
democratic * which is a good political show domestically, as well as is
meant to woo investors and potential allies to a pseudo-friendlier
So the public may balk at United Russia*s show in the upcoming
elections. But this is all part of Putin*s grand plan. His plan for
managed democracy. These parliamentary elections will keep all parties
in Duma loyal to Putin, while Russia's pretending to be more democratic.
Click for more videos
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(c) Copyright 2011 Stratfor. All rights reserved.


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In addition to our extensive treatment menu and facilities, we can offer VIP guests:
In-room/suite treatments upon request
Other rates apply (double the price of the treatment as stated in the price list and travel cost if applicable). For in-room/suite treatments please allow 20 minutes set-up prior to the treatment time requested, and 20 minutes clearing-out time after the treatment.
For artists/guests who require massage services in between their performance program we can offer:
Back stage massage services from 1790,- pr hour + travel costs if applicable.
Couples Massage Course at Artesia Spa Grand Hotel:
Held by our experienced massage therapist and instructor in our duo treatment suite, learn how to give your partner a back, neck & shoulder massage and a foot massage.
For VIP guests we can offer use of gym facilities at Artesia Health Club & Spa Majorstuen.
If you require a therapist with certain language qualifications please enquire when booking your treatment, as our highly qualified and international staff are fluent in the most widely spoken languages.
For booking, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com or call +47 22825000.
Best offer guaranteed
- with pride and honor


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Home and Away star Demi Harman has said she "cried buckets" during her final week of filming before her exit from the soap.
Home and Away star Demi Harman has said she "cried buckets" during her final week of filming before her exit from the soap.
Chris Hemsworth has been named the Sexiest Man Alive of 2014.
Andy (Tai Hara) has brought big trouble to Summer Bay, this much we already know.
Home and Away star Ada Nicodemou has announced the tragic news that her second baby has been stillborn.
Home and Away star Steve Peacocke appears in new Hollywood blockbuster
Home and Away's Bianca and Heath (Lisa Gormley and Dan Ewing) have broken-up/made-up/broken-up again more times than we can keep track of!
Home and Away could be welcoming back one of its famous alumni if Dannii Minogue has her way.
When Home and Away returns later in May, the River Boys leave their surfboards behind in Summer Bay and head for the streets of London.
Home and Away is taking an unexpected three-week break from Channel 5 in early May.
Home and Away has welcomed Eliza Doolittle to the cast for a cameo appearance.
Home and Away fans recently saw Kyle perform at the Summer Bay music festival, but actor Nic Westaway
Ex Home and Away star Sharni Vinson, who played Cassie in the Channel 5 soap, is fast becoming a horror movie scream
Bianca is just one of the residents caught in the chaos when a bomb explodes in Summer Bay this month!
New Zealand actress Jessica Grace Smith is joining the cast of Home And Away as tomboy Denny.
Home and Away star Dan Ewing has revealed he's leaving the show.
It's a dramatic end to the year for the Braxton family, as Brax reveals a shock secret which could send him to prison for a very long time!
Home and Away star Steve Peacocke has confessed he got nervous working with big Hollywood actors in new blockbuster Hercules, but they m
Nick Grimshaw has filmed a cameo role in Home and Away while the soap is shooting on location in London.
We catch up with Home and Away (Channel 5, weeknights) star Ada Nicodemou (Leah) for a chat about babies, Brax and Ryan Kwanten!
With Sally Fletcher back in Summer Bay with her young daughter, Pippa, we caught up with original Home and Away star Kate Ritchie to discuss the popular character's return and the 25th anniversary