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U.K. Driver Who Hits Bicyclist: He Doesn't Even Pay Road Tax!
NORWICH, U.K. -- According to the website Jalopnik.com, Emma Way really doesn't like bicyclists, and she let the world know that when she tweeted about using her car to knock a cyclist off his bike.
Way reportedly sent a tweet saying, "Definitely knocked a cyclist off his bike earlier - I have right of way he doesn't even pay road tax!"
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According the website, the tweet went viral and people alerted the local police department in Norwich, U.K., who also happens to be on Twitter.
They sent a tweet to Way: @emmaway we have had tweets ref an RTC with a bike. We suggest you report it at a police station ASAP if not done already & then dm us."
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According to the website, once the tweet went viral Way reportedly deleted her Twitter account.
Twenty-nine-year-old Toby Hockley is the cyclist who was reportedly hit by Way's car. He was knocked off his bike and sent into nearby trees but escaped serious injury. Jalopnik said he originally wasn't going to report the incident but when he saw Way's attitude in her tweet, he decided to contact police.
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|This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2014)
The Wūsūn or Usun[1] (Chinese: 烏孫; literally: "Grandchildren/Descendents of the Crow/Raven") were either an Altaic-speaking[2] (proto-Turkic,[3][4][5][6][7] or according to some opinions proto-Mongolian[8][9]) or Indo-European-speaking[10][11] (containing possibly Tocharian[12][13][14][15] or Iranian[16] elements) nomadic or semi-nomadic steppe people who, the Chinese histories say originally lived in western Gansu in northwest China, near the Yuezhi people. After being defeated by the Xiongnu (circa 176 BCE) they fled to the region of the Ili river and (lake) Issyk Kul where they remained for at least five centuries and formed a powerful force.[17][18]
They are mentioned in Chinese historical sources in 436 CE, when a Chinese envoy was sent to their country and the Wusun reciprocated.[19] Their later fate is connected with the Turkic Kaganates and the sudden reversals of fortune that fell on Central Asia and, specifically, the Zhetysu area. Considerable traces of their impact on surrounding peoples and events were left in Persian, Muslim, Turkic, and Russian sources extending from the 6th century CE to the present. The modern Uysyn who number approximately 250,000 people, are regarded by some as the modern descendants of the Wusun. The Uysyn have two branches, Dulat and Sary Uysyn ("Yellow Uysyn").[20]
There are several theories about the origin of the name.[21] The most accepted theory is that 'Wusun' is perhaps a Chinese transcription from a Turkic language, the original Turkic word possibly meaning "unity" or "loyalty".[21] Sinologist Victor H. Mair compared "Wusun" with Sanskrit "aśvin" and Lithuanian "ašva", both meaning 'mare'. The name would thus mean "the horse people." Hence he put forward the hypothesis that the Wusun used a Kentum-like language within the Indo-European languages. However, the latter hypothesis is not supported by many.[22] W. Krause also tried to connect their name to Old Turkic usun, meaning 'water, crowd, people'[23] (cf. modern Mongolian ус us ~ усан usan "water").
Wusun is a modern pronunciation of the Chinese Characters '烏孫'. Originally, Wusun probably sounded more like Asman (*ah-sman < *asman,[24] or *o-sən, *uo-sen or ?ah-swē depending on the authors) suggesting that they may have been the Asii of Geographica.[25]
Around 107 BCE a Han princess married to the Usun Hunmo (sovereign) composed a song that called the Wusun country a Sky (Tian) country, and in China the Wusun horses (Usun ma) were called heavenly horses (Tian ma). Ptolemy (VI, 14, 177 CE) knew an Asman tribe, located east of the Volga River.[26]
The Chinese name '烏孫' ('Wusun') literally means Wu = 'crow' or 'raven' + Sun = 'grandson' or 'descendant'. Through the legend of an infant son, left in the wild, miraculously saved from hunger by suckling from a she-wolf, and being fed meat by ravens,[27][28] they shared a similar ancestor myth with the ruling Ashina clan of the Göktürks (Asena legend), and may have influenced the Eurasian people to the west. See, for example, the legend of Romulus and Remus and the founding of Rome.[citation needed]
The Wusun were divided into two groups, the Kangly, many of whom were sedentary farmers, who lived in the Karatau region and along the middle course of the Syr Darya, and the Alani, who migrated from the northern shores of the Aral Sea to the northern banks of the Caspian Sea.[9] Early Chinese histories such as Shiji and Hanshu recorded that the Wusun had previously lived near the Yuezhi people in the Qilian and Dunhuang areas in Gansu[29] (different locations however have been suggested for these toponyms.)[30] According to Shiji, Wusun was a state located west of the Xiongnu.[31] Hanshu described them as occupying land that previously belonged to the Saka (Sai).[32] To their north-west the Wusun bordered Kangju, located in modern Kazakhstan. To the west was Dayuan (Ferghana), and to the south were various city states.[33]
Chinese records first mention the "Ushi" in Andin and Pinlian (modern Pinlian and Guüan in the Peoples Republic of China), between the Lu-hun and Kuyan tribes. The transcription of Ushi means "raven generation", and is semantically identical with U-sun – "raven descendants". In Wusun legend their ancestors were a raven and a wolf.
The first historical records concerning the Wusun name them as a separate and distinct tribe of the Xiongnu confederacy, living on the territory of the modern province of Gansu, in the valley of the Ushui-he (Chinese Raven Water river). It is not clear whether the river was named after the tribe or vice versa.
The Royal Court of the Wusun, Chigu (Chinese: 赤谷; pinyin: chìgǔ; literally: "Red Valley"), was located in a side valley leading to Issyk Kul.[34]
Early in their history, the Wusun migrated in three stages, lasting near two hundred years. The first exodus from Shaanxi to the Qilian Mountains in around 410 BC was forced by the Yuezhi. Between 410 BC and 177 BC, the Wusun were vassals of the Tocharic Yuezhi coalition.
The second migration in about 178 BC, was connected with the Xiongnu prince Modu Chanyu's campaign against the Yuezhi, and resulted in the reconquest by the Wusun of their Sichen homeland. According to Zhang Qian, the Yuezhi were defeated by the rising Xiongnu empire and fled westward, driving away the Saka (Sai).[35] Before this, they overran the Wusun, whose ruler Nandoumi was killed. His infant son Liejiaomi was left in the wild. He was miraculously saved from hunger being suckled by a she-wolf, and fed meat by ravens.[36][37]
The Xiongnu ruler was impressed and adopted the child. When the child grew up the Chanyu gave him command in the west. As an act of revenge, the Wusun attacked the Yuezhi, who had taken refuge in the Ili Valley. The Yuezhi were crushed completely and fled further west to Ferghana, and finally settled in Bactria. The Wusun took over the Ili Valley, expanding over a large area and trying to keep away from the Xiongnu. They were said to number 630,000 with 188,000 men capable of bearing arms, and became a powerful force in Central Asia.[38]
When the Han empire began their counter-offensive against the Xiongnu, the Wusun had become a bitter enemy of the Xiongnu, after repeatedly being threatened by them. The Wusun were won over to the Chinese in a martial alliance, sealed by a political marriage.
The third migration in c.160 BC was a deliberate displacement by the Wusun of the defeated Asii from their temporary residence in Zhetysu. In 160 BC, after the death of the Xiongnu ruler Chanyu Laoshan (173–161), the Wusun separated from the Xiongnu and migrated to the region of the Ili River and lake Issyk Kul, established their independence, and formed a powerful state in the Zhetysu area. Chinese historical annals offer a demographic description of the Wusun at that time, stating that they numbered 630,000 people and 120,000 families.[39]
In 71 BCE, a Chinese envoy cooperated with the Wusun and supplied an army of 50,000 to attack the Xiongnu for them, which ended in a great victory. However, a dispute took place soon after the death of their ruler, Nimi, in 53 BCE. The Wusun were divided into two kingdoms, under a little kunmi and greater kunmi, both of whom recognised Chinese supremacy and remained faithful vassals.
In 5 BCE, during the reign of Uchjulü-Chanyu (8 BCE – CE 13), the Wusun attempted to raid Chuban pastures, but Uchjulü-Chanyu repulsed them, and the Wusun commander had to send his son to the Chuban court as a hostage. The forceful intervention of the Chinese usurper Wang Mang and internal strife brought disorder, and in 2 BC one of the Wusun chietains brought 80,000 Wusun to Kangju, asking for Kankalis help against the Chinese. In a vain attempt to reconcile with China, he was duped and killed in CE 3.[40]
In 2 CE, Wang Mang issued a list of four regulations to the allied Xiongnu that the taking of any hostages from Chinese vassals, i.e. Wusun, Wuhuan and the statelets of the Western Regions, would not be tolerated. The Xiongnu obeyed.
In the 5th century they were pressured by the Rouran and may have migrated to the Pamir Mountains.[41] From the 6th century onward the former habitat of the Wusun formed part of the western empire of the Göktürks. After this event the Wusun seem to disappear from Chinese records, though their name was last mentioned on an offering to the court of Liao Dynasty on September 22, 938.[42] The Chinese were involved in a plot with the Wusun involving a "fat King", and "Mad King". The Chinese were involved in a plot to kill the mad king, and a Chinese deputy envoy called Chi Tu who brought a doctor to attend to him was punished by castration when he returned to China.[43][44]
The Wusun left multiple diaspora islands along their centuries-old trek. As a rule, part of a tribe remained in the old habitats and later on participated in new ethnic unions. Wusun principalities are known in the Ordos Desert. Separate Wusun princedoms existed for a long time in the Khangai Mountains and along the Bogdoshan ridge (eastern Tian Shan).[45]
People and culture[edit]
According to Chinese archaeologists, the excavated skeletal remains of a people presumed to be the Wusun are of the short-headed Europoid Central Asian interfluvial type.[46] On the basis of six skulls from the first century BC/AD found at Semirech'e (Zhetysu), J.P. Mallory and Victor Mair presumes those to be of the Wusun, where Soviet archaeologists have described them ranging from primarily Europoid with some Mongoloid admixture to pure Europeans.[47]
The evidence from ancient Chinese texts is contradictory. The Hanshu and Shiji, which mentioned the Wusun, did not note any unusual ethnic appearance of the Wusun. The actual first description of Wusun may be found in a Western Han dynasty book of divination, the Jiaoshi Yilin, where the Wusun women were described as "ugly and dark colored people with deep eye sockets,"[48][49] and the reported dark skin complexion may suggest South Asian origin.[50][51] However, a very brief pejorative quote from an ancient book of divination may not be a reliable source for determining ethnic characteristics.
A later 7th century commentary to the Hanshu by Yan Shigu says: "Among the various Rong in the Western Regions, the Wusun's shape was the strangest; and the present barbarians who have green eyes and red hair, and are like macaques, belonged to the same race as the Wusun."[52]
For some time, it was theorized that the Wusun spoke a Proto-Turkic language,[53] which was formerly the consensus of opinion.[54] Some scholars, including Chinese scholar Han Rulin, as well as G. Vambery, A. Scherbak, P. Budberg, L. Bazin and V.P. Yudin, noted that the Wusun king's name Fu-li, as reported in Chinese sources and translated as "wolf", resembles Proto-Turkic "böri" = "wolf". Other words listed by these scholars include the title "bag/beg" = "lord".[55] The Turkic-linguality of the dynastic tribe of the Wusun union was stated by F. Hirt,[56] K. Shiratori,[57] N.A. Aristov[58] and other researchers after analysis of the Chinese transcriptions of the Usun words. According to Turkologist Amanzholov the presence of Turkic words (like "kün beg" = "Sun Lord" in Turkic, which resembles the title of the Wusun sovereign, "uluγ", "tarqan") in the language of the ancient Wusuns, noted by Y.A. Zuev, also makes questionable the standard in the Soviet historical literature point of view about the so-called "Turkification" of the local population in Kazakhstan and Central Asia by the Huns (Chinese: Sünnu), beginning in the 1st century BC.[59]
However, this theory is disputed by some Turkologists, including Peter B. Golden[60] and Carter V. Findley, who explain that none of the mentioned words are actually Turkic in origin. Carter V. Findley notes that the term böri is probably derived from one of the Indo-European Iranian languages of Central Asia,[61] while the title beg is certainly derived from the Sogdian baga[62] ("lord"), a cognate of Middle Persian baγ (as used by the rulers of the Sassanid Empire), as well as Sanskrit bhaga and Russian bog,[63] whereas Russian linguist Sergei Starostin assumes a derivation from Proto-Turkic *bāj ("rich, noble; many, numerous"), itself ultimately from a possible Proto-Altaic root *bēǯu ("numerous, great", cf. Old Japanese p(j)iida-/pui-).[64] Within Turkic *bāj ("rich") in turn is probably hard to distinguish from *baj (~ -ń) ("holy; god; true, reliable, honest").[65] In the same way Starostin gives an indigenous Proto-Turkic etymology for "böri".[66] He further excludes the hypothesis of an East Iranian source, basically because of the lack of early attested forms with -k, and vice versa affirms Vasily I. Abaevs elaboration that the East Iranian form itself is most likely borrowed from a Turkic source.[67]
Chinese sources name the Scythian Sai (Saka), and the Yuezhi who are often identified as Tocharians, among the people of the Wusun state in the Zhetysu area,[68] but it is very difficult to place the Wusun with the Tocharian category of Indo-European.[69]
According to the Shiji (c.123) and the Hanshu (c.96), a daughter from the Han prince, Liu Jian, was sent to the ruler (kunmo or kunmi) of the Wusun between 110 BCE and 105 BCE. She describes them as nomads who lived in felt tents, ate raw meat and drank fermented mare's milk.[70] Some early Chinese descriptions of the people were pejorative, describing them as "bad, greedy and unreliable, and much given to robbery", but their state was also described as very strong.[71] On the other hand, the Wusun were notable for their harmony towards their neighbours, even though they were constantly raided by the Xiongnu and Kangju.
Wusun and Issedones connection[edit]
Some scholars have proposed that the Wusun may have been identical with the people described by Herodotus (IV.16–25) and in Ptolemy's Geography as Issedones.[72] [73] Their exact location of their country in Central Asia is unknown. The Issedones are "placed by some in Western Siberia and by others in Chinese Turkestan," according to E. D. Phillips.[74]
See also[edit]
- ^ Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 1964. page 98:"Usun is merely a Russian transliteration of an ancient Chinese name for which just the English form Wusun should suffice."
- ^ Mirja Juntunen, Birgit N. Schlyter - Return to the Silk Routes: Current Scandinavian Research on Central Asia. 2013. page 120.
- ^ Jila, N., "Myths and traditional beliefs about the wolf and the crow in Central Asia: examples from the Turkic Wu-Sun and the Mongols", Asian Folklore Studies, V65, i2, p161, 2006.
- ^ Denis Sinor, The legendary Origin of the Türks, in Egle Victoria Zygas, Peter Voorheis Folklorica: Festschrift for Felix J. Oinas, Indiana 1982, p. 240 verweist auf den Nachweis von O. Franke Beiträge aus chinesischen Quellen zur Kenntnis der Türkvölker und Skythen Zentralasiens, Berlin 1904, p. 17-19.
- ^ Zuev, Yu. A. (2002), Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology, sayfa 35.
- ^ Wolfram Eberhard, Çin Tarihi, Ankara 1947, sayfa 33.
- ^ Tohru Haneda: 西域文化史 (Cultural history of the Xiyu), 1, 新疆人民出版社 (People's publisher Xinjiang), Ürümqi 1981.
- ^ Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press, 1993. page 315.
- ^ a b Martha Brill Olcott - The Kazakhs. 2nd edition. Hoover Press. page 5.
- ^ Jean-Paul Roux: Die alttürkische Mythologie, Der Wolf. In: Käthe Uray-Kőhalmi, Jean-Paul Roux, Pertev N. Boratav, Edith Vertes: Götter und Mythen in Zentralasien und Nordeurasien. ISBN 3-12-909870-4, p. 204
- ^ Explorers of Antiquity: From Alexander the Great to Marco Polo. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 46.
- ^ Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press. p. 87-88. ISBN 0-5214-7030-7. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
- ^ Masica, Colin P. The Indo-Aryan Languages. p. 48.
- ^ Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life. p. 24.
- ^ Golden, Peter B. Turks and Khazars: Origins, Institutions, and Interactions in Pre-Mongol Eurasia.
- ^ Kuzʹmina, Elena Efimovna. The Origin of the Indo-Iranians. p. 83.
- ^ Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China. Han Dynasty II. (Revised Edition). New York, Columbia University Press. Chapter 123. The Account of Ta-yüan. Columbia University Press.
- ^ Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979. China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BCE – CE 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
- ^ Zadneprovskiy, Y. A. 1994. "The Nomads of northern Central Asia after the invasion of Alexander." Y. A. Zadneprovskiy. In: History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. Harmatta, János, ed., 1994. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, p. 461
- ^ A. Zuev, Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology, 2002, S.35
- ^ a b 王明哲, 王炳華 (Mingzhe Wang & Binhua Wang): 從文獻與考古資料論烏孫歷史的幾個重大問題 (Important questions about the history of Wusun arising from the contemporary documents and archaeological investigations). In: 烏孫研究 (Wusun research), 1, 新疆人民出版社 (People's publisher Xinjiang), Ürümqi 1983, S. pp. 1–42.
- ^ Edwin G. Pulleyblank: XII.Why Tocharians?. In: Central Asia and non-Chinese peoples of ancient China (English), 1, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, Hampshire; Burlington, VT 2002, ISBN 0-86078-859-8, S. 426-427.
- ^ Wolfgang Krause - Iranistik: Abschnitt. Tocharisch. 1955. page 8. In: John V. Day - Indo-European origins: the anthropological evidence. Chapter 5: Textual Evidence. 2001. page 59.
- ^ Zuev, Yu.A. (2002) Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology, p. 23 (translated from Russian) ISBN 9985-4-4152-9
- ^ "Les Saces", Iaroslav Lebedinsky, p. 60-63, ISBN 2-87772-337-2
- ^ Zuev, Yu.A. (2002) Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology, p. 23
- ^ Watson, Burton. Trans. 1993. Records of the Grand Historian of China. Han Dynasty II. (Revised Edition). New York, Columbia University Press. Chapter 123. The Account of Ta-yüan. Columbia University Press, pp. 237–238
- ^ Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979. China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 214–215
- ^ Hanshu 《漢書·張騫李廣利傳》 Original text 臣居匈奴中,聞烏孫王號昆莫。昆莫父難兜靡本與大月氏俱在祁連、焞煌間,小國也。
- ^ Liu, Xinru, Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies (2001)
- ^ Shiji 《史記·大宛列傳》 Original text: 匈奴西邊小國也
- ^ Hanshu 《漢書·卷九十六下》 西域傳 Original text: 本塞地也,大月氏西破走塞王,塞王南越縣度。大月氏居其地。後烏孫昆莫擊破大月氏,大月氏徙西臣大夏,而烏孫昆莫居之,故烏孫民有塞種、大月氏種雲。
- ^ 《漢書·卷九十六下》 Original text: 東與匈奴、西北與康居、西與大宛、南與城郭諸國相接。
- ^ Hill (2009), "Appendix I: Chigu 赤谷 (Royal Court of the Wusun Kunmo)," pp. 527–531.
- ^ Hanshu 《漢書·張騫李廣利傳》 Original text 時,月氏已為匈奴所破,西擊塞王。
- ^ Hulsewé and Loewe. China in Central Asia. Annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the Hanshu, p. 215, n. 805. (1979) Leiden, E. J. Brill. ISBN 90-04-05884-2.
- ^ Shiji 《史記·大宛列傳》 Original text: 匈奴攻殺其父,而昆莫生棄於野。烏嗛肉蜚其上,狼往乳之。
- ^ (Hanshu, ch.61 & 96)
- ^ Zuev Yu.A. "Ethnic History Of Usuns", pp.7–19
- ^ Gumilev L.N., "History of Hun People", Moscow, 'Science', Ch.12, http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/HPH/hph12.htm (In Russian)
- ^ Book of Wei, ch.102
- ^ (Liaoshi, ch.4)
- ^ Frances Wood (2004). The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia. University of California Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-520-24340-4. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- ^ Anthony François Paulus Hulsewé, Michael Loewe, Gu Ban (1979). China in central Asia: the early stage, 125 B.C.-A.D. 23 : an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of The history of the former Han dynasty. Brill Archive. p. 155. ISBN 90-04-05884-2. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- ^ Zuev Yu.A. "Ethnic History Of Usuns", p. 18
- ^ SKULLS OF USUN TIME (3rd c. BC – 4th c. AD). Quote: ".Thus, the Usun skulls as a whole have averagely developed crania, medium longitudinal and above medium crosswise diameters, somewhat high crania, moderately expressed brachicrania, straight forehead, medium high but wide facial skeleton, medium profiled in a horizontal plane face with moderately indented fang sockets, strongly protruding nose and medium high eye-sockets. ... From individual analysis of these series, V.V.Ginzburg established that a prevailing part of the male skulls belong to the Caucasoid race. Among them are skulls with clearly expressed Andronov type features. As a whole, in the opinion of the researcher, the male skulls contain some Mongoloid features. The female skulls of that series mainly belong to the Middle Asian interfluvial (Ginzburg, 1952, 1956). ... Thus, the summarized and individual race-typological characteristic of the skulls shows that Jeti-Su Usuns belonged to the big Caucasoid race with a Mongoloid admixture."
- ^ Mallory and Mair (2000), pp. 93–94.
- ^ 《焦氏易林 – Jiaoshi Yilin》 Original text:烏孫氏女,深目黑醜;嗜欲不同,過時無偶。
- ^ Jiaoshi Yilin, vol. 6 [1]
- ^ Wang Mingzhe et al. (1983). Research on Wusun. Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Press. p. 43.
- ^ Chen Liankai (1999). Outlines on China's Ethnicities. China Financial and Economic Publishing House. p. 380-381
- ^ Book of Han, with commentary by Yan Shigu Original text: 烏孫於西域諸戎其形最異。今之胡人青眼、赤須,狀類彌猴者,本其種也。
- ^ Alexander von Frantzius, Georg Thilenius - Korrespondenz-blatt, Volumes 41-42. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte. 1910. page 190: "Zu den Turkvölkern gehörten ohne Zweifel die Wusun und die Kirgisen, die von den alten chinesischen Autoren ausdrücklich als blauäugig bezeichnet werden. Eine Quelle hebt sogar hervor, daß bei den Kirgisen nur die Blonden und Helläugigen als stammesecht betrachtet wurden."
- ^ William Montgomery McGovern - The early empires of Central Asia: a study of the Scythians and the Huns and the part they played in world history, with special reference to the Chinese sources. The University of North Carolina Press, 1939. page 472.
- ^ Zuev, Yu.A. (2002) Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology, p. 35
- ^ Hirth F. Nachworte zur Inschrift des Tonjukuk. In: Radloff W. Die alttürkischen Inschriften der Mongolei. Zweite Folge. SPb., 1899, p. 49.
- ^ Shiratori К. Über die Wu-sun Stamm in Zentralasien. " Keleti Szemle " (Budapest), 1902, 2-3, pp. 103-140.
- ^ Aristov N.A. Notes about ethnic structure of Türkic tribes and nations and their number, p. 17.
- ^ A.S. Amanjolov, History of Ancient Türkic Script: Chapter 10: Genesis of Türkic Runic Alpabet, Mektep Publishing, Almaty, 2003, p.293
- ^ Peter B. Golden, An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples, O. Harrassowitz, 1992, p. 121-122
- ^ Carter Vaughn Findley, The Turks in World History, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 39
- ^ Carter Vaughn Findley, Turks in World History, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 45: "... Many elements of Non-Turkic origin also became part of Türk statecraft [...] for example, as in the case of khatun [...] and beg [...] both terms being of Sogdian origin and ever since in common use in Turkish. ..."
- ^ Peter Jackson, "Beg", in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Columbia University, Online ed.
- ^ "*bēǯu." in Sergei Starostin, Vladimir Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003), Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers
- ^ "*baj (~ -ń)." in Sergei Starostin, Vladimir Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003), Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers
- ^ "*bȫrü." in Sergei Starostin, Vladimir Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003), Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers
- ^ V. I. Abaev: Историкоэтимологический словарь осетинского языка, т. 1 // A Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language, vv. 1. Moscow-Leningrad. 1958-1995. p.263. In: "*bȫrü." in Sergei Starostin, Vladimir Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003), Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
- ^ Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979. China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. Leiden: E. J. Brill, p. 145
- ^ Pulleyblank, 1966, p14ff; quoted in D. Sinor, The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Vol. I, Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 153
- ^ Hanshu 《漢書·卷九十六下》 西域傳 Original text: 昆莫年老,言語不通,公主悲愁,自為作歌曰:「吾家嫁我兮天一方,遠托異國兮烏孫王。穹廬為室兮旃為牆,以肉為食兮酪為漿。居常土思兮心內傷,願為黃鵠兮歸故鄉。」
- ^ Hanshu, Original text: 民剛惡,貪狼無信,多寇盜,最為強國。
- ^ A.H. Dani/V.M. Masson/J. Harmatta/B. Abramovich, History of Civilizations of Central Asia – Vol. 3, UNESCO collection, South Asia Books, 2001, p. 225
- ^ Gardiner-Garden, Chang-Ch'ien and Central Asian Ethnography, pp. 23–79 gives a survey of theories of ethnic affiliations and identification of the Wusun and the Yuezhi.
- ^ Phillips, "The Legend of Aristeas: Fact and Fancy in Early Greek Notions of East Russia, Siberia, and Inner Asia" Artibus Asiae 18.2 (1955, pp. 161–177) p 166.
- Bartold W.W., "Four studies in history of Central Asia", Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1962
- Gardiner-Garden, J.R., Chang-Ch'ien and Central Asian Ethnography in: Papers of Far Eastern History 33 (March 1986) p. 23–79. (Australian National University Institute of Advanced Studies Department of Far Eastern History (Canberra) ISSN 0048-2870, a survey of theories of ethnic affiliations and identification of the Wusun and the Yuezhi.
- Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. John E. Hill. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
- Hill, John E. 2004. The Peoples of the West from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE (sic.). Draft annotated English translation. [2]
- (Chinese) 陈连开 (Liankai, Chen) (1999). 中国民族史纲要 (Outlines on China's Ethnicities). Beijing: China Financial and Economic Publishing House. ISBN 7-5005-4301-8.
- Mallory, J.P. and Mair, Victor H. The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. Thames & Hudson. London 2000. ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
- Stein, Aurel M. 1921. Serindia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China, 5 vols. London & Oxford. Clarendon Press. Reprint: Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass. 1980. [3]
- (Chinese) 王明哲. 王明哲,王炳华著. 王炳华 (Wang Mingzhe et al.) (1983). 乌孙硏究 (Research on Wusun). Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Press.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Get Tickets Now for 26th Arkansas Business of the Year Awards Banquet
Posted 1/23/2014 10:41 am
Updated 11 months ago
Tickets are available now for the 26th Annual Arkansas Business of the Year Awards banquet, which honors the state's most outstanding businesses, nonprofit organizations and executives.
"This program provides Arkansas Business with the opportunity to recognize outstanding businesses, organizations and executives from across the state," Mitch Bettis, Arkansas Business publisher, said. "The awards banquet serves as our platform for showcasing the innovation and entrepreneurial spirit of the top companies and individuals that make up the Arkansas business community."
Tickets are available for purchase at ArkansasBusiness.com/ABOY. The event will take place Feb. 25 at the Statehouse Convention Center in Little Rock.
As always, an independent panel of judges selected this year's finalists. Those finalists are:
Business of the Year – Category I
- Edafio Technology Partners
- Fayettechill
- Haag Brown Commercial Real Estate and Development
- Rogers Paint Company Inc.
- Viridian
Business of the Year – Category II
- Revolution Bag
- Smith's Consumer Products, Inc.
- The Good Earth Garden Center
- Travel Nurse Across America
Business of the Year – Category III
- Clifford Power Systems
- Delta Dental of Arkansas
- I.O. Metro
- Ozark Natural Foods
- U.S. Pizza Co.
Nonprofit Organization of the Year
- 20th Century Club
- Arkansas Enterprises for the Developmentally Disabled, Inc.
- Arkansas Hunger Relief Alliance
- Museum of Discovery
- The EAST Initiative
Nonprofit Executive of the Year
- Jill Darling, United Way of Northwest Arkansas
- Karen C. Erren, Ronald McDonald House Charities of Arkansas
- David Napier, Youth Home
- Ruth D. Shepherd, Just Communities of Arkansas
- Keith Vire, Arkansas Support Network
Business Executive of the Year
- Gregg Curtis, The Good Earth Garden Center
- John Hugg, Hugg & Hall Equipment Company
- Rusty Mathis, Ben E. Keith Foods
- Sharon Tallach Vogelpohl, Mangan Holcomb Partners/Social Innovation
- Drew Weber, U.S. Pizza Co.
At the awards banquet, one winner will be named in each of the finalist categories. Winners and finalists will be featured in the Feb. 17 edition of Arkansas Business.
In addition to the presentation of the Arkansas Business of the Year Awards, the winners of the Arkansas Community Foundation Outstanding Philanthropic Corporation Awards will be honored. The 2013 winners are Johnson Dermatology; Friday Eldredge & Clark LLP; and First National Banking Company.
The program is presented by Centennial Bank and sponsored by Arkansas Capital Corporation Group, Arkansas Community Foundation, AT&T Arkansas, Bank of America, First Security Bank, The Hatcher Agency, Legacy Capital Group, Rose Law Firm, Simmons First and St. Vincent Health.
For more information, contact Allyson Pittman at (501) 372-1443 or at email@example.com.


text:
- Hotel Details
- Member Reviews
- Photos
Holiday Inn Salerno Cava De Tirreni3 Stars
Corso Mazzini Cava De Tirreni Salerno Amalfi Coast 84013
Located near the Cava de' Tirreni exit on the A3 motorway joining Naples and Salerno, the Holiday Inn Salerno Cava De' Tirreni can be a starting point to visit the archeological sites such as Pompeii, Herculaneum, Paestum and the Cilento National park that are found within the vicinity.
Bejeweled with trendy furnishings, all the 73 guest rooms are perfectly designed to rest your tiresome body in a comfortable pace after the long hectic schedule.
The property's onsite Restaurant gives a fine dining experience with its creative cuisine incorporating fresh, flavorsome ingredients to complete your appetite. Relish the healthy gourmet cuisine that embraces the essence of Italy.
Integrated with the latest technology, the Holiday Inn Salerno Cava De' Tirreni is a perfect venue to conduct all your business meetings. The well attended reception staff will cater all your needs in great pleasure. The faxing and photocopying facility is available for your expediency.
Additional Information
- 50 km to Airport(Napoli Capodichino)
Hotel Facilities
- Bar / Lounge
- Conference Facilities
- Internet Access - High Speed
- Photocopying Facilities
- Business Centre
- Currency Exchange Services
- Laundry Services
- Reception
- Concierge
- Gym / Fitness Facilities
- Parking Facilities
- Restaurant
Room Facilities
- Air Conditioning
- Ensuite / Private Bathroom
- Mini Bar
- Safe
- Voicemail
- Cable / Satellite TV
- Hairdryer
- Modem / Data Port Connection
- Telephone
- DVD Player
- Internet Access
- Pay-per-view Movies
- Video Player
Other Recommended Hotels
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|4 Stars
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|4 Stars
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|3.5 Stars
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|3 Stars
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|3 Stars
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|3 Stars
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|3 Stars
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My unusable iPhone
Two roads diverged in iPhone activation and I--I took the one less traveled by. And that has made all the difference. Instead of going for the standard postpaid plan, I opted for the prepaid one. I have signed up for a $29.99 per month Pick Your Plan with a $20 per month iPhone unlimited data plan. My account is fully provisioned on AT&Ts side and it shows as an iPhone compatible account. And yet, I cannot get past the "AT&T has determined that your current account cannot be used with the iPhone" screen. I'm told to call back tomorrow. The prepaid office is closed today. At least the iPhone looks pretty in its dock.
Source: http://www.apple.com/itunes
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Failing to report the sexual abuse of a child will be a felony if the Louisiana Legislature passes a bill it's considering now.
Right now failure to report is a misdemeanor.
If the law passes and it becomes a felony violators will be looking at up to three years in jail.
The measure would also expand who must report abuse and neglect whether they see it or not.
Child care providers, clergy, mental health workers, school teachers are required to report any abuse or neglect
the bill is in response to allegations of sex abuse at Penn State.


text:
Type of Physician: Urologist
What is a Urologist?
A certification by the Board of Urology. Urologists specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of problems of the urinary system in men and women and the reproductive system in men. Urologists are trained in both surgical and medical (nonsurgical) treatment methods.
Specialty: Urology
Common Name:
Urologist Doctors in El Centro *
Alan H Walther MD
Theodore Affue MD Inc
Femina Careo
Bernard Schaaf MD
Institute Urological Excellence
Advanced Urology Of The Desert
John Faulkner MD
Lander Comprehensive Urology
Urologic Institute Of The Drst
Walsh Urology Associates
Walsh Urology
Walsh Urology Associates
Eisenhower Urology Speclty Clnc
Scripps Clinic Rancho San Diego
Brad A Wolfson MD
Sharp Rees-Stealy Otay Ranch
San Diego Urology Associates
Genesis Hlthcare Partner Urolgy
Genesis Hlthcare Partner Urolgy
Premiere Urology Associates
Genesis Hlthcare Partner Urolgy
Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group
Genesis Hlthcare Partner Urolgy
Genesis Hlthcare Partner Urolgy
Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group
San Diego Urology Associates
San Diego Urology Associates
El Centro, California
Penis Disorders
What disorders affect the penis?
Some disorders that affect the penis include priapism, Peyronie's disease , balanitis, phimosis, paraphimosis, and penile cancer .
What is priapism?
Other Related Penis Disorders Articles
Emergency Contact for El Centro
Nearby El Centro Hospitals *
El Centro Regional Medical
Pioneers Memorial Healthcare
*Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.


text:
When we think of addictions, drugs and alcohol usually come to mind; but did you know that soda is the most common everyday addiction in the nation? From soda, to blackberries, to caffeine and more, Interventionist and Author Brad Lamm stopped by with ways to break our everyday addictions for good.
Sayonara Soda:
Soda is the most common everyday addiction in the nation! People are under the misconception that soda will fill you up and make you eat less; however, drinking the chemically filled soda can set you up for mood swings, energy dips and weight gain.
Those who are addicted to soda drink anywhere from 3-10 sodas per day! Why do people drink so much soda? The addiction becomes a crutch to fall back on and fill a void, and drinking soda gives something to do to break up their workday. By replacing soda with a nutritious drink, you'll feel more energetic, satiated, less bloated and less moody. Fruit juices are also packed with sugar, so instead try water with flavors cut slices of cucumbers, oranges, berries of any kind, lemon or lime. If you have a hard time getting water down, this should help
and regardless of the myth of you should drink 8 glasses of water a day, you still need to keep hydrated.
Blackberry Addicts Unite:
Do you feel anxious when you aren't near your blackberry? If you can't put down your Blackberry and find yourself checking it every time it vibrates or the light flashes, you're addicted and it's costing you big time. Blackberry's can be so addictive that owners may need to be weaned off them with treatment similar to that given to drug users. The Blackberry addiction can impact you in a number of ways: sleep disruption, inability to focus, constant worrying. If you are ready to take the first step in easing this addiction, try not to sleep with the device in your bedroom. Leave your sleeping space serene. Next step, stop taking out your blackberry at the breakfast/lunch/dinner table. Allow yourself to live in the moment
A Sucker for Sweets:
Sugar addicts lurk everywhere; those who are addicted to candy, soda, carbohydrates. If you want to eat differently, eat healthier sweets, stick to fresh fruits low in sugar such as apples, grapes, blueberries, plums, pineapples, etc. You could also try organic peanut butter, almond butter on rice cakes.
Fiend for Caffeine
Caffeine is the most common and trickiest form of addiction since people have an emotional and physical connection to drinking it. Coffee or tea is a necessity for many to kick start (and make it through) their day and although it may seem harmless, overuse and abuse of caffeine alters mood and behavior and can result in a great physical dependence. Many don't view it as a drug but the basic mechanisms by which it hooks people are very much like classic drugs of addiction and the #1 side effect is how it interferes with your natural sleep cycle.
Constantly Chewing:
One bad habit, gum chewing, starts to kick another bad habit like smoking cigarettes and overeating, but there are real costs on your tongue, teeth and jaw from all of that chewing; not to mention your nerves. Long term effects range from TMJ, headaches, gas and empty calories. Try setting a limit and when you want to reach for a piece of gum, try standing up or stretching, deep breathing or drinking water.


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Good Morning All
With all the insanity in the world today I thought I would go back when life was considerably more sane and calm and comforting. When Art Deco reached its peak and Radio was king.
The Art Deco movement influenced nearly everything, from auto-mobile design to skyscrapers. And of course radios, large and small. The internals of these radios did not vary much from model to model or even from manufacturer to manufacturer but the cabinetry was quite elegant. Like this high-end Philco or the crème de la crème, the Zenith 1000 Stratosphere – Zenith's top of the line model for 1935. Manufacturers wanted their radios to look good as well as sound good.
There were classic table models and cathedral designs and the so called tombstone models as well. Or this chair side radio by Zenith.
The wood cabinets were handmade in a lot of cases and had inlays and very fine finishing. For someone with the bucks to spend they still can be had but for a price. Some going for in excess of a thousand dollars restored. They are very, very collectible and people will go to extremes to restore and refinish the cabinets. I even found a web site that documented one person taking the radio chassis inside completely apart down to the last nut and bolt and cleaning and rebuilding it. OY!
Here are a few of the more unusual ones.
And many others, including Bakelite cabinets and plastic. But by the late 1960s fancy cabinetry was all but gone. Replaced by simple, mostly plastic shells. Functionality and cost-conscious consumers ruled the day. Even the large console televisions were on the way out.
So if you will remove your ear buds for a minute, here is what radio use to be like.
Off topic is on topic here. What's on every one's mind?]]>
I came across this today for the first time as a link in Naked Capitalism. The original link was busted but one of the commenters found it and posted a working link. That is one that still works but may disappear in the future.
In keeping with the rules and such of this site, I will not post the entire piece but the highlights. One of the best explanations of the mind set of especially the conservatives and right wing I have read in a long while.
Here now is some of the best parts of this piece.
The peasant mentality lives on in America
Conservatives and the Right
by Matt Taibbi | April 14, 2009 – 5:16pm
You have to somehow explain the Geithner/Paulson decisions to hand over trillions of taxpayer dollars to the rich bankers as the formal policy expression of progressive rage against the rich. Not easy. In order to pull off this argument, in fact, you have to grease the wheels with a lot of apocalyptic language and imagery, invoking as Beck did massive pictures of Stalin and Orwell and Mussolini (side by side with shots of Geithner, Obama and Bernanke), scenes of workers storming the Winter Palace interspersed with anti-AIG protests, etc. — and then maybe you have to add a crazy new twist, like switching from complaints of "socialism" to warnings of "fascism." Rhetorically, this is the equivalent of trying to paint a picture by hurling huge handfuls of paint at the canvas. It's desperate, last-ditch-ish behavior.
That's why even people like Beck's audience, who I'd wager are mostly lower-income people, can't imagine themselves protesting against the Wall Street barons who in actuality are the ones who fucked them over. Beck pointedly compared the AIG protesters to Bolsheviks: "[The Communists] basically said 'Eat the rich, they did this to you, get 'em, kill 'em!'" He then said the AIG and G20 protesters were identical: "It's a different style, but the sentiments are exactly the same: Find 'em, get 'em, kill 'em!'" Beck has an audience that's been trained that the rich are not appropriate targets for anger, unless of course they're Hollywood liberals, or George Soros, or in some other way linked to some acceptable class of villain, to liberals, immigrants, atheists, etc. — Ted Turner, say, married to Jane Fonda.
But actual rich people can't ever be the target. It's a classic peasant mentality: going into fits of groveling and bowing whenever the master's carriage rides by, then fuming against the Turks in Crimea or the Jews in the Pale or whoever after spending fifteen hard hours in the fields. You know you're a peasant when you worship the very people who are right now, this minute, conning you and taking your shit. Whatever the master does, you're on board. When you get frisky, he sticks a big cross in the middle of your village, and you spend the rest of your life praying to it with big googly eyes. Or he puts out newspapers full of innuendo about this or that faraway group and you immediately salute and rush off to join the hate squad. A good peasant is loyal, simpleminded, and full of misdirected anger. And that's what we've got now, a lot of misdirected anger searching around for a non-target to mis-punish… can't be mad at AIG, can't be mad at Citi or Goldman Sachs. The real villains have to be the anti-AIG protesters! After all, those people earned those bonuses! If ever there was a textbook case of peasant thinking, it's struggling middle-class Americans burned up in defense of taxpayer-funded bonuses to millionaires.
Matt said this in 2009 and it still holds true today. Maybe even more so. All mixed in with a bit of misogamy, racism and homophobia for good measure.
If the above link does not work, here is a link to my personal blog.]]>
Morning Firedogs !
Took a trip the other day out to a little Amish shop just past Middlefield. Small and quaint, a place my cousin found. Not the first time I had been there. Stopped by once before after going to the Fair with her and my brother. Located on a farm in a converted barn like structure.
They had baked goods up front and home made clothes behind that. In the back was gifts and blankets and home made quilts. Home made preserves as well. All made by Amish folks in the area.
The baked goods were make the traditional way and baked in wood fired cast iron ovens. And I must say are very good. Especially the breads, which I bought four loaves of this time. Three cinnamon raisin and one wheat.
There is just something about home made bread that anything you get in even a bakery cannot match. The flavor and texture is so much better. I have yet to master the baking of bread but when the weather gets cooler, I will attempt it again. Baking is an art as much as a science. I can make Finnish Pula sweet bread pretty well but other breads not so much. You really have to learn how to get the necessary texture and moistness. The correct volume when rising it and the temperature when baking. Recipes are a guide but that is all. It does take practice to get it right. I have a slice of the cinnamon raisin in the morning with my breakfast and it is good !
I also looked at the quilts there, one of which is being raffled of as a prize to a local festival. They are pretty pricey but well worth the money. I love quilts to keep warm in the winter. And a couple of hand make rocking chairs too. Carpentry I am sad to say is NOT one of my best things.
When I go to the fair I am sure to go through the crafts exhibits and I always marvel at the items there.
So what has anyone made lately ?
As always any subject is fine here.]]>
Comedian Joan Rivers has died after being on life support following a botched medical procedure.
I remember her appearances on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson. A quick wit and intelligent. Few subjects were off limits to Joan's sarcastic humor.
RIP Joan Rivers]]>
I moved from Florida back to North Eastern Ohio around 4 years ago. Now living in an up stairs apartment of a duplex in Garfield Heights, an older suburb of Cleveland. Just a bit east of do south of the city center. At then end of a street with a bigger than usual side yard and lots of natural green beyond that.
Cleveland and it's suburbs are served by the RTA transit system, a fair public transportation system with buses and light and heavy rail. Health care available here is better than most with The Metrohealth system, Cleveland Clinic and its affiliated hospitals and University Hospital. All highly rated. If one has to get ill or have an accident, this is place to do it.
A the Cleveland Metro Parks AKA The Emerald Necklace is also very nice and quite extensive. Running from Lake Erie on the West side, down south to the Cuyahoga Valley National Forest on the southern end and up to Lake County on the eastern end. One of my favorites is the Ohio and Erie Canal Reservation with it's Nature Center and picnic areas and even a wet lands area. All of the parks AKA Reservations have these as well as an extensive hiking and biking trail system. Some even interconnected.
Out east of the city about 24 miles from where I live, you come to Geauga County. Out past Hunting Valley and Chagrin Falls. Around 10 miles further east you come to Middlefield Ohio, the center of Amish country in Geauga County and the third largest settlement of Amish in the US. This is the country and very rural as well. Amish farms and shops and lots of Amish Buggies. There are both old order and new order Amish in Geauga County. Though they live off grid and have no phones or TV or radio, they do make use of other forms of electric generation for the shops and farms. Particularly solar power.
The shops sell furniture and clothes and blankets and quilts. All hand made. As well as baked goods baked in traditional wood fired cast iron ovens. And I can tell you it is delicious. Although not Amish another local business is White House Chocolate. Where they make and sell their own chocolate right there, with some of the best dark chocolate I have ever tasted.
And Geauga Family Farms which sells all local grown produce and meats and poultry. There are also other Amish farms that sell various fruits and vegetables and eggs and poultry scattered along the country side. All vastly superior to anything you would get in the city.
Yes this is the country where once you get away from the village, you can go for miles between houses and you really do need to be able to take care of your self.
No public transportation or big hospitals or big box stores around the corner, though Middlefield now has a Giant Eagle. But it is quiet and slower paced. Nearly all houses have some land, that is no postage size lots.
The city has lots going for it, services and convenience. The country does as well, rural atmosphere, cleaner air and locally grown food etc.
Both also have their draw backs. Is one better than the other ? I would say that depends greatly on ones point of view.]]>
And a large area for farm equipment. There were the usual rabbit, dairy, turkey, chicken, sheep, and goat exhibit areas though. Something new from what I remember as a kid, Alpaca and Llamas now too. They even had a sky diver too. You do not get the feeling of serious farming that you did in the past, though.
You do not see many – if any – minorities at the fair. Nor do you see many Amish there either, even though it is on the skirts of Amish country in NE Ohio.
Speaking of Amish, after we left and had dinner I was able to crash in my cousin's room at the Inn and make use of her jacuzzi-type tub for nearly an hour. The next day we all went to the next township over, Middlefield. The heart of Amish country in NE Ohio. We went to a number of small Amish shops run by them including the Original Amish Cheese factory, a large cooperative on the out skirts of Middlefield village, with just about any kind of cheese one would want. And then to a small shop on one of the farms that had baked goods, handmade clothes, handmade furniture and quilts. The quilts ! Beautifully done but pricey ! Maybe one day I will be able to get one when I have enough money. They are all handmade, so well worth it. Lots of Amish buggies.
My cousin seemed to know more of the Amish shops and where they were than I and I have been up here for four years. The last place we visited was a Mennonite chocolate factory where you could get just about any chocolate confection you would wish. And they are extra special delicious, I can tell you. Truly decadent.
After lunch at a local eatery, we went back to the Inn where I had a bit of a lay down and then said our good byes. I needed to get back to my place in Garfield Heights and take my medicine and such, they will be there another day and then return. Hopefully we can get together next year as well.]]>
Up through the mid 1960s segregation was the norm. Especially in the southern states. Separate schools for black and white, separate housing for black and white, separate hospitals for black and white, separate restrooms for black and white, separate drinking fountains for black and white…separate everything for black and white. Nearly all of it of inferior quality.
Buy things were not much different across the Mason Dixon line where blacks and other minorities were kept out of decent jobs, hotels, health care and housing. Even parks and the downtown areas and public transportation.
This was a White Christian country and if you were not of that persuasion, you need not apply. Up here in Cleveland you rarely saw any minorities downtown unless the worked there. You never saw them in the big stores shopping or even at the drugstore soda fountain. You rarely saw them on the buses or the rapid transit.
After the passage of the civil rights acts and fair housing acts minorities could not legally be kept out of traditionally white areas. You began to see them downtown and in white neighborhood schools. White America responded by moving more and more to the suburbs. They could not legal have the restrictive covenants any more but kept housing prices hight and began real estate steering. Making sure minorities could not buy housing in their little all white enclaves. Banks would only lend for particular neighborhoods. Housing was still segregated.
As minorities began to move into these suburbs the whites moved further out. Into areas where the zoning laws were such that the property was much more expensive and multi family housing was limited or even forbidden altogether.
With the cities being abandoned by the white middle class and businesses, the Federal Government tried to revitalize them with what was called Urban Renewal. It had some successes but mostly failures. The whites would not bite and the minorities could not afford the new properties and banks had strict rules. Even the FHA would not lend in most cases. All keeping the minorities in minority housing. Usually government projects of badly kept highrises and the tradition poor neighborhoods.
Now there is rumoured that the Obama administration will force integration of these white enclaves. By over riding local zoning laws. With the desegregation of local schools and health care and even parks, there is now heave resentment. And it's exactly what these white enclaves feared would happen with the election of a black man. And of course they fear that this will add to the deflation of the housing value.
What is more they are losing the Federal Monies they got for their schools and hospitals and libraries and parks. And they are furious. The election of Obama was the last straw as far as they are concerned.
The ones who can, have been moving put of state to Florida or Arizona or Colorado or Minnesota in hopes of creating a mostly white "christian straight" state that the Federal Government cannot touch. Electing Senators and Representatives to say no to anything that might prevent this.
A lot of what people don't get is that these whites don't Hate blacks, they just don't want them around. In their schools or parks or hospitals or neighborhoods or anywhere. It's not only racism, but classism as well. Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans and I'll bet even still Jews in some cases. And they surely do not want their taxes helping them.
And they are making sure to get the message out that minorities are not welcome.]]>
Went to the ER of the local hospital on Sunday afternoon because I wanted a problem looked at before my appointment with my health care provider on Tuesday afternoon. I'd been having some fairly intense pain on my right side under my right arm pit and it seemed to be taking a awfully long time to heal. After all I have Medicare and a supplement and what the heck, may as well check it out just in case.
I had been in hospital a number of times. Mostly so so experiences A few kind of horrible. So it goes. Was in hospital when I was 18 for a pretty bad motor scooter accident for 6 weeks in South Florida. That was the horrible one since I was in severe pain 4 or so of those weeks and very sick from it. Though I cannot entirely blame the hospital for this. It was small and the doctor who initially had my case – an orthopedist - took a powder the minute I started getting really sick. Fortunately he turned my case over to my family doctor who was significantly more astute and wise. The old country GP type who had moved to Fl. from up north some place. The nursing staff though competent, was not that responsive or sympathetic. The care being adequate at best.
I was very happy to be discharged.
The second major occasion was when my mother had a heart attack. This was in Central Florida. Her post operative care was adequate at best. She had 3 stents put in and after a day or so, sent home.
The third occasion was an appendectomy I had. The ER experience was one mild interest bordering on disinterest by the ER staff. Though my surgeon was a very nice fellow and told me all about the procedure and what to expect and had a very good bed side manor. He had been called by my primary doctor ahead of time and knew all about it. Acute appendicitis. We talk and then eventually I was wheeled down to the OR, put to sleep and out it came. Laparoscopic surgery.
The fourth time was when my mother fell and broke her hip. She was admitted to the hospital and scheduled for surgery but her blood salt was very low and they would not do surgery until they were normal. She eventually had the surgery which went fine but would not release her until she had an normal BM. [Bowel movement] After many enemas she finally did and was released to a rehab facility. But she had contracted a bowel infection along the way. Clostridium difficile which killed her. This did upset me greatly because of the circumstances and the lack of medical competence. Why when she had trouble with her BM did they NOT investigate as to why ? Why was there no a CT done ? Or wasn't an internal medicine specialist consulted ?
The fifth time was recently as stated above. The ER staff was very competent and very nice and caring but focused on my heart rather than my pains. I can understand this. For one thing cardiology and heart problems are their thing but it would have been nice if they listened more to understand and less to respond. The stay was as pleasant as one could expect under the circumstances. I had the whole cardiac bit with numerous EKGs. Blood workups. Three just to check c-reactive-protein to make sure I did not have a heart attack now or recently. Echo-cardiogram with EKG and a chemical stress test.
All turned out just fine. But the care was great. Nurses coming in not just to take my vitals and draw blood but to make sure I was comfortable, had enough ice water, get me a snack since it was a bit late for dinner and I had mine already anyway. Explain what test I would have and why and when. One even to take my medical history and that of my family. The doctors and technicians came in to explain the procedures and why. The cardiologist on call came in and told me he did not think my problem was heart related since my EKG(s) looked fine but wanted the test done anyway just to make sure. I had not had them done for a number of years, so it really was about time.
My only real problem in that area was high BP when in a stressed or anxious situation. A family thing that my brothers, sisters and cousins all have. The procedures went well and the people were very nice.
And here is the thing. Not once was payment mentioned. While in the ER a lady came in, I pointed her to my plastic, she took it and did her thing. Whereas in Florida one of the very first things you see is the finance person. And you better have access to money or insurance.
This is where the reference to the events in Ferguson come in and one of the glaring differences between Northern cities and the South.
It's an attitude and belief that everyone – especially the government – is out to rip them off and enslave them. WHY…because it's exactly what they would do if give half a chance. After all, that's exactly what the federal government has done in the past. And they feel completely justified in this. Since they were ripped off by those damn Yankees before.
They treat blacks and black protesters like filth since that is exactly the way they expect to be treated under similar circumstances and often were.
This attitude is very pervasive in the south and lingers still. It infects nearly everything even health care. Seeing all those they deem below them as malingerers at best.
I was fortunate in that I had a health care provider that had as little use for the hospitals in Florida as I did and saw to it that I spent as little time there as necessary.
I am very fortunate now that I live in an area and have a health care provider that I have a good relationship with and the hospitals are actually concerned about the patients.
I really do not know what can be done about this but it's a split that is fracturing the country.
The biggest difference in hospital treatment was the ones in Florida were focused on their bottom line instead of the patient. And protecting it at all costs. Even to the patient.
It's not that I condone their behavior. It is what it is.
And because I like the song.]]>
Since there has been a lot of talk and recent questions appearing lately like "How come we can't _______ more like the Finns" — fill in the blanks with education, economics, social welfare etc. And that I myself am half Finnish on my father's side of the family and my largest influence being Finnish culture because of this. As well as according to my mother "I'm going to raise my sun like a Finn."
I thought I would write a little something on Finland and Finns, just so you know what Finland is all about. Which in and of it self is a bit of a challenge, as Finns themselves are unsure about some aspects.
First of all, the question "Where did/do Finns come from" ? Answer: they didn't "come" from anywhere. They have always been there is one way or another.
The Finns never 'came' to Finland, because Finns, Finnish identity or Finnish language in its present sense have never existed anywhere outside Finland. What now counts as 'Finnish' has been formed here, during thousands of years, influenced by many peoples, languages and cultures.
Many Finns have learnt at school that our ancestors arrived from the east (where languages related to Finnish are still spoken) some 2.000 years ago. This was a plausible theory in its time, but not any more: contrary to what was believed in the first half of this century, Finland has been continuously populated ever since the latest Ice Age, that is: our first ancestors lived here already some 9.000 years ago. Of these first people of Finland very little is known: we don't know where they came from (from the south, of course…) or what language they spoke (it could have been Finno-Ugrian or even some language of a completely unknown ancestry). Of course, even after that Finland has received many cultural and language influences from many directions.
Secondly, where did the Finnish language come from ? [An even more controversial question]
A few decades ago the family tree of the Finno-Ugrian languages was interpreted as a map showing how the FU peoples wandered to their present homes. Modern archaeology obviously does not support such wide migrations. Also recent loan word research has shown very old Indo-European loanwords especially in Finnish and the westernmost (Finnic) branch, which means that some pre-form of Finnish must have been spoken relatively close to the Baltic Sea already quite early.
On the other hand, Finnish is certainly related to languages spoken in Middle Russia and West Siberia. This means either that the area of the Finno-Ugrian (Uralic) proto-language has been very wide, reaching perhaps from the Baltic Sea to the Urals, or that we must find alternative explanatory models to account for the spreading of these languages.
Indeed even this is highly disputed by some. What is known is that Finnish has zero roots in any of the Indo-European languages, which makes it so hard for non-Finns to learn. Not only that, it wasn't until the 16th century that a written language was developed. This has been very difficult since there are so many vocalizations in Finnish that do not translate well to the Latin based alphabet. Some not at all.
It has been shown that Finns lived isolated from the rest of Europe, which would account for the differences in culture and society. For one thing as many, it not most of European societies and culture are male-dominated. Finnish culture is much less so. Equality of the sexes has been there almost from the first with Finnish women being the first to win the right to vote. These days women make up 40% of the business leaders and government representatives.
We are all aware of the social and educational programs in Finland and other Nordic countries, but you need to be aware this attitude is deeply ingrained in the culture. To take care of one another and what benefits one, generally benefits all — a view not held by many of European ancestry.
Finns tend to be quiet and reserved. Bragging on ones self is considered uncouth and even arrogant. They also expect you to be taken at your word and they at theirs.
Sauna — it's a religion. Get used to it. I mean really, nearly every house or dwelling has one. Many built on docks or piers of lakes. You ALWAYS take sauna naked. Then once appropriately hot, run out and jump into the lake. No matter what the lake's temperature is. If a lake is not handy, snow will have to do. Repeat this as many times as one wishes. Mixed sauna is common as well.
I have to admit I have only been to sauna once or twice when I was quite young with my father.
Finns drink more coffee than even us and 6 cups a day is average.
Male/female relationships are a bit different as well. Living together before marriage is common, known as trial marriage and common law marriages are frequent as well.
All of this leads to a society that is very equitable indeed.
So to ask why can't we be more like Finns and Finland is the same as asking why can't chimpanzees be more like baboons. The question really is with out merit.
They do have a unique sense of humor.]]>
Since there has been confirmation that Ridley Scott is in the first stages of making a sequel, Blade Runner 2, I thought I would do an analysis of the original dystopic science fiction Film Noir. Underrated at the time of its release, it has gained in appreciation since, with various box sets and cuts available now. It's based on the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sleep by Philip K. Dick and set in Los Angeles circa 2019. Science fiction writers, even those of the darkest dystopian futures, tend to be overly optimistic quite often, which is the case here, having by that time assuming technologies that are yet to appear.
This, however, can be forgiven as they tread a thin line having to make the future seem advanced enough and yet still enable the reader or viewer to relate in the current time. Blade Runner is no exception, assuming that by this time we are colonizing space. But only for those who qualify physically, and one assumes mentally and financially as well.
The plot — which I will not repeat here in its entirety, but still spoiler alert — revolves around Decker, a Blade Runner, a member of the police unit to track down and execute replicants, bio-engineered slaves developed and produced by the Tyrell Corporation, which are illegal on Earth. Decker is persuaded by Bryant — head of the unit — to come out of retirement to hunt down and eliminate 4 replicants that have come back to Earth from the "Off World Colonies."
What you are immediately hit with is this view of an urban environment that is only slightly better than completely run down. With floating blimp-like objects that contentiously blare out audio and beam video to entice you to move off Earth to the colonies. Indeed, only those "lesser humans" remain on Earth. Some by choice, but most by necessity due to not being able to qualify. It takes place in an Asian area of the city, with Asian eateries nearly everywhere. You are left to wonder if this is the norm for the whole city or planet, that one of the qualities one needs to posses to move "Off World" is to be White.
The movie gives many messages, direct and a number indirect. That the "Beautiful People" have given up on Earth and have left for the colonies. That those who are still on Earth are left to make it as best they can. That Dr. Tyrell himself is both a victim and benefactor of this, having built an industrial empire through his genus in genetic engineering by supplying replicant slaves to the colonies. That the technology needed to maintain the status quo of the little people on the streets, makes it down to the streets. That those on the street and still on Earth mostly get along, since with the immigration of the "Beautiful People" to the colonies, there is no longer any reason not to get along. Indeed the "street language" is described as "a mishmash of Japanese, Spanish, German, what have you. " That the police are there primarily to make sure nothing and no one upsets this relationship. That the biggest corporation, both physically and financially, is the Tyrell Corporation, reaching high enough to actually get sun at the top, when in the street it's always foggy and rainy and polluted. It's a city left to slowly fall apart.
The view one gets of the city is not unlike that of the old Hudson your rich uncle left you when he moved to Manhattan. With rust and problems you yourself cannot fix, but it still runs well enough to get you to the store and back. Even with fading paint and the bumper tied on with bailing wire, broken radio antenna and a radio that makes buzzing sounds when played. Parked out in front of an old farm house that leans a bit more each year, it hasn't seen paint itself for many years.
Scott does leave a number of questions unanswered. Like why use an obviously primitive method of identifying replicants? Why not use genetic identification? Unless perhaps the genetics between humans and replicants are so similar, that it has proven unreliable. Was the reason given by Tyrell for implanting memories into replicants the real reason, or is it something else? Does Tyrell have some other use for replicants where memories would be necessary? Why would he give Rachael an extended lifespan, when all others were limited to 4 years. Why did he even try to extend this in other replicants? And lastly, why just a female with these additional qualities?
Blade Runner gives a peek at a capitalist society that has left its former home to be slowly abandoned and fall into ruin; where capitalists have finally found the ideal slaves and ideal peasants.
A great movie, but not a pretty picture.
Looking forward to Blade Runner 2?]]>


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December 22, 2014
CLIFTON, Colo. Tips on social media suggest that a well-known Grand Valley country bar may be closing its doors for good.
There are rumors that Cactus Canyon may officially be tapped out of business.
We did our own investigation into the matter and found several workers loading equipment and furniture from the venue into a moving van parked near the entrance of the establishment.
The main seating area and bar were in the process of being packed up, and furniture and alcohol were being removed from their usual places.
Supervisors at Cactus Canyon declined any on-camera interviews and would not confirm they were officially going out of business.
There was a "For Lease" sign hanging on the property and neighboring businesses owners had no other information to offer.
Cactus Canyon will not return any of our correspondence regarding their business operations.
We will bring you the latest details on the story as more information comes into our newsroom.
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Richard Davis, CEO, U.S. Bancorp
"Richard Davis Visits Davis, Tallies Challenges"
Richard Davis likes to keep the pot boiling at U.S. Bancorp, the nation's sixth largest financial holding company
"Hot water at 211 degrees is inert; at 212, it's making something happen," said the president and CEO of the Minneapolis-based financial giant.
Intel insists that its project to make low-cost laptops for school children in poorer nations began nearly three years ago, before it heard of Nicholas Negroponte's initiative, One Laptop Per Child.
It scarcely matters much anymore, now that the jawing between the two camps has subsided, after Intel agreed to join the One Laptop Per Child Foundation last month.
World Wide Web technologies have transformed the design, development, implementation and deployment of decision support systems. This article by Professor Hemant Bhargava and co-authors Daniel Power of the University of Northern Iowa and Daewon Sun of the University of Notre Dame reviews and summarizes recent technology developments, current usage of Web-based DSS, and trends in the deployment of such systems.
Click a term to refine your current search.
UPDATE: Andrew Barkett is leaving his post as senior engineer at Facebook to bring his decade of experience in Silicon Valley to become the first-ever chief technology officer for the Republican National Committee.The June 4 announcement has stirred a whirlwind of media coverage, including the Huffington Post and Washington Post.Bark
Agilent Technologies' Electronic Measurement Group is a $3.6 billion business that over the past decade has seen a dramatic shift in its customer base from U.S., and Western European customers to predominantly Asia-based customers. Today, the majority of the division's revenues are generated outside of the U.S., with an increasing concentration in China.
(Davis, CA) — The UC Davis Graduate School of Management's full-time MBA program has been ranked among the top six percent of AACSB International-accredited programs nationwide, according to U.S. News & World Report's latest graduate business school rankings released today.
The secret of Midtown Sacramento's Facebook gaming mogul Mark Otero's success is taking things to the extreme.


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Kobo Aura
With its more portable design, the Kobo Aura is a worthwhile -- albeit pricier -- Kindle Paperwhite alternative for EPUB fans who don't want to be tied to Amazon's proprietary ecosystem.
Kobo Mini
The affordable Kobo Mini is a likable touch-screen e-ink e-reader that's too small for some and not quite small enough for others.
Kobo Glo ( black)
The Kobo Glo is an excellent Kindle alternative, especially for readers seeking EPUB compatibility and international options.
Kobo Vox ( green)
While it's relatively affordable, the Kobo Vox is a truly unexceptional Android tablet, with nothing to recommend it over the identically priced Kindle Fire.
Kobo eReader Touch Edition ( silver)
Though the Kobo eReader Touch Edition doesn't quite measure up to the Nook Touch or the Kindle, it's a respectable and affordable touch-screen e-reader with a lot of pluses.
Kobo Wireless eReader ( WiFi, lilac)
Though the Kobo Wireless eReader is a serviceable e-book reader with built-in Wi-Fi, it's worth spending the extra money to get the Kindle or the Nook instead.
Kobo eReader
The Kobo eReader isn't a bad little basic e-book reader, but it's just not a compelling deal now that the more full-featured Barnes & Noble Nook has matched its low price.
Kobo Aura HD
This product has not yet been reviewed.
- Wireless Connectivity: IEEE 802.11b
- Weight: 8.5 oz
Kobo Aura
This product has not yet been reviewed.
- Wireless Connectivity: IEEE 802.11n
- Weight: 6.1 oz
Kobo Aura HD ( black)
This product has not yet been reviewed.


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Chemical Week Magazine :: CW75 Stock Performance
cw75 stock performance
8:46 AM MDT | August 6, 2007 | Chemical Week Editorial Staff
The CW75 Index rose by less than 1% for the week ending May 30, in line with broader stock market indexes including the Morgan Stanley global composite and the Standard & Poor's 500 indexes. Strong consumer confidence, a drop in oil prices, and acquisitions helped to modestly lift the overall stock market, analysts say. U.S. stocks rose on news that the Federal Reserve indicated it is not inclined to raise interest rates. An uncertain economic outlook kept gains modest, however, analysts say. Basic chemical shares increased by about 1%, helped by a fall...
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RALEIGH In a season when Duke and East Carolina are vying for the title of best football team in the state, it was hard to get too excited about a rivalry that has delivered more than its share of exciting moments in recent years.
North Carolina and N.C. State saved the drama for after the game this time. The Tar Heels' 27-19 win Saturday may have lacked aesthetic appeal, but they made up for it by celebrating the victory by stomping on the Wolfpack's new midfield logo, with the Strutting Wolf's head centered inside an outline of the state of North Carolina.
Tar Heels tight end Eric Ebron tried to inject some fire into this year's game with a stream of Twitter comments designed to provoke ire, but his first touch of the game was a fumble, a cardinal sin in the trash-talking business. It wasn't until afterward things really got interesting.
As Tim Scott and Tre Boston started dancing on the wolf's image and slapped the ground, to be joined by others, their teammates chanted, "Whose state? Our state!" in a direct rebuke to N.C. State's "This is our state" promotional campaign.
"It was just a spur of the moment thing, with all the seniors right there, to be able to end this series on a good note at their place," North Carolina defensive lineman Kareem Martin said.
N.C. State coach Dave Doeren wasn't particularly happy about that celebration, nor were some of his players as pushing and shoving was quickly snuffed out, but they had every chance to prevent it. Doeren bears a share of the blame for the loss after calling a disastrous fake punt deep in N.C. State territory with the Wolfpack up 10-7 early, while he pointed a finger at Brandon Mitchell's two second-half interceptions.
North Carolina has won two straight as the Tar Heels attempt to rebound from a 1-5 start; N.C. State has lost four straight and appears headed for a long, painful conclusion to the season. Neither team came into Saturday with any momentum to speak of, and the result was a clunker of a game, full of errors and penalties and a seemingly endless string of punts. Both teams made too many mistakes. The Tar Heels just managed to make less.
"It was tough," North Carolina offensive lineman James Hurst said. "When you don't have any good drives or possessions in a row you can kind of get down on yourself. We knew what kind of game it was going to be."
So instead of big-play drama – an option pass from receiver Ryan Switzer to Quinshad Davis for a second-quarter North Carolina touchdown was the brightest highlight – the game's most memorable moment arrived afterward.
The Tar Heels' midfield celebration will not be forgotten by the home team anytime soon.
"Total disrespect," N.C. State cornerback Juston Burris said.
"I'm going to remember what they did on the 50-yard line after the game for the next 364 days, and I'm going to look forward to playing them next year," Doeren said.
Still, when you claim the state, you'd better be prepared to defend it and you'd better be prepared to face the consequences, verbal and otherwise, when you don't. That's how a rivalry works.
"If this really is your state," Ebron said afterward, "then come prove it."
N.C. State had the upper hand for a long time. Now the Tar Heels have won two in a row, including their first at Carter-Finley since 2005. That speaks louder than any celebration, any slogan.
DeCock: email@example.com, @LukeDeCock, 919-829-8947
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Definitions for khanty
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word khanty
Princeton's WordNet
Ostyak, Khanty(noun)
a member of the nomadic Ugrian people living in northwestern Siberia (east of the Urals)
Khanty, Ostyak(noun)
a Ugric language (related to Hungarian) spoken by the Ostyak
a member of an ethnic group of people who live in Khantia-Mansia, Ostyak
the Finno-Ugric language spoken by these people
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"khanty." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/khanty>.


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Trademark Fine Art "Fritz" by Pat Saunders Framed Painting Print
A giclee print under an acrylic facing placed in a wood frame. Giclee is an advanced print making process for creating museum quality fine art reproductions. This high quality print is using antique white matting and comes in a wooden frame. A clear acrylic facing is added to protect the print. The piece features a professional frames and comes ready to hang. The antique white mat allows the image to really stand out, making it a great addition to any space.
Trademark Fine Art "Fritz" by Pat Saunders Framed Painting Print
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Print of painting
|Subject: Wildlife
|Size: Small 18"-24"; Mini 17" and under
|Color: 1: Blue
|Color: 2: White
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Framed Art: Yes
|Time Period: Contemporary
|Country of Manufacture: United States
About the ManufacturerTrademark Global's highly developed home gaming line features such brand names as Trademark Poker, NexGen, Copag, and Paulson. Through Trademark Global, you will find a variety of items from poker chips to roulette, craps to blackjack, darts to chess, and so much more.
Trademark Global's product lines are continuously growing and developing to cater to the needs of consumers. While gaming products are leaders in Trademark Global's product lines, they are just a glimpse of the products they offer. Trademark Global also carries an assortment of children's toys and games as well as home improvement products, tools, kitchen accessories, and an array of novelty items.
Trademark Fine Art "Fritz" by Pat Saunders Framed Painting Print
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OUR SKU # TMAR4741"Fritz" by Pat Saunders Framed Painting Print is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: PS004-B1114MF, PS004-B1620MF, PS004-W1114MF, PS004-W1620MF


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Since not everybody is using a browser with XForms capabilities, if you want to deploy XForms today, server-side transformations might be needed. But how about accessibility? I fear that you loose that then? /me steps aside and hopes for some good answers from the server-side crowd :) -- ... AllanReceived on Friday, 5 May 2006 11:25:36 GMT
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.2.0+W3C-0.50 : Saturday, 10 March 2012 06:22:04 GMT


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7.4 cu. ft. Counter-Depth Top-Freezer Refrigerator with Adjustable Glass Shelves, Adjustable Door Bins, 2-Litter Bottle Rack and Interior Light
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24" Portable Electric Dryer with 9 lbs. Capacity, Stainless Steel Drum, Auto Dry/Timed Dry Settings and Air Dry Anti-Wrinkle Option
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Home > Home & Hobby::Health & Nutrition > Carbohydrates And Nutrition 5.6
Carbohydrates And Nutrition 5.6
There are basically two main types of carbohydrates: simple and complex carbs.Company: Fitness Attitudes
Platform: Win95,Win98,WinME,WinNT 3.x,WinNT 4.x,Windows2000,WinXP,Windows2003
Size: 618 KB
Price: USD $0.00
Release Date: 2011-09-28
Screenshot URL: http://www.fitnessattitudes.com/carbs.jpg
Category: Home & Hobby::Health & Nutrition
Carbohydrates are macronutrients - foods we need to eat in reasonably large quantities. The two other macronutrients are protein and fat. Carbs are easily converted to energy by the body, so they supply most of our energy needs. There are basically two main types of carbohydrate: simple carbs and complex carbs - although this classification of carb-types has been superceded by the Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL).
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