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Monday, December 22, 2014
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It's a really hard word to pronounce, but what it translates to is an excellent night out listening to local music.
"A 'kay-lee.' It means a visit, and anyone can join in," said Kenneth MacKenzie, a fiddler.
"You hear the word Ceilidh and you're in a place like Cape Breton Island that really means like a concert, a show, a get together, a place to have some fun," said Rodney MacDonald, CEO, Gaelic College.
One of the popular places along the Ceilidh trail is the Red Shoe Pub in Mabou, Nova Scotia, where the history of the area is audible.
"Our people came from Scotland, the Highlands of Scotland 200 years ago, and kind of the isolation of the island here meant that that culture was preserved," said MacKenzie.
"There are similarities between what you hear here in places like Scotland and Ireland but in North America, this is the place. It's really a gem. If you love Celtic music, if you love culture, if you want to learn about that, this is the place to be. You feel it in the landscape here, there's something unique, it's special," said MacDonald.
Something special that has been handed down for generations. "It was passed down from my grandfather who passed away before I was born and I found it under my grandmother's bed and it was all broken so I got a fellow up the road there to fix it and he fixed it all up and now I'm playing it. I like to show it off, it's a beautiful fiddle it's got nice sound, nice color to it, it makes me proud to play," said Maggie Beaton, a fiddler.
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i have a colt marksman that i have tore down to clean & am having trouble getting it back together. need some advice if anyone has some usefull tips or ideas i would appreciate them greatly.
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Learning and Development News
Registration is now open for Language Courses for the September Fall term. To register, please click here.
You may now self register for selected OHRM Learning courses through Inspira! For registration instructions click here.
UN staff members interested in learning and professional development now have access to a valuable new resource from the Office for Human Resources Management: The "UN Competency Development: A Practical Guide". You can find it on the left hand side of this page under "Competency Development".
The UN Competency Guide also directs the readers to specific resources including to the UN.Skillport. If you do not have an account to access UN.Skillport, go to the registration page to fill out the registration form.
There is a policy on cancellation fees for all OHRM learning courses. Click here for details.


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The International Cricket Council is set to review the five-year ban handed to Pakistan bowler Mohammad Amir for spot-fixing.
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Amir, 21, was suspended over his part in a plot to bowl no-balls during the 2010 Lord's Test against England.
The sanction is now set to be reviewed by the ICC Board 'in due course' after coming up for discussion during their last board meeting of 2013 in London this weekend.
But any final decision on reducing Amir's ban - which is currently due to end in 2015 - will not be taken until the ICC has adopted its new anti-corruption code, which could be as early as January.
An ICC statement read: "The ICC Board was informed that a revised version of a more robust and strengthened ICC anti-corruption code will be submitted for discussion/approval at the January 2014 meeting.
"During the discussion, the matter of Mohammad Amir's five-year ban also came up for discussion.
"The ICC board decided to review the matter in due course after the revised ICC anti-corruption code has been finalised and adopted."
Amir, who spent three months in prison after pleading guilty to the charges, has not been able to train formally but reports in Pakistan suggested a plea would also be made to allow him to resume work at the National Centre in Lahore, possibly also playing in some domestic cricket.


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Freaking News
Funny Back Pictures
Husband came back home earlier. Member reactions:
Whom is she really doing...him or the dog...
Nice though some shadows are needed on the snow from the man, dog and the bottle
Funny Come back home with us grandpa !
Funny Kid is fine and he will be back soon.
Kid is fine, some stomach problem and he will be back soon.
Member reactions:
Great job of the bizarre. Is that a meat pie or a French pastry, and is it coming out or going in. Lol
If talk seriously, kid is very sick. Look at him he looks like piece of bacon in uniform. I am very sorry.
Everything impressive but his face posture.
Hilarious chop overall, but the bloody part is a bit extreme, could you please edit it.
Sometimes gross just communicates the whole concept hahahah but family rating and all Funny stuff. Trust me, one of the knock off sites will grab this one hahahahahaahhha
Funny Black widow suddenly was back home earlier!
Member reactions:
I can see effort with lots of layers and work, good work all together
Not a painting, just a mirror on real life.
Me likey, though the masking on the left guy's head is quite rouigh
Fine chop and congrats on the wood. Who are the no-neck guys.
Congrats on the Wood, Wanderer, Hilarious Issue.
Funny Betty's Back
Boop Oopy Doop. The real Betty is in the house. Created from scratch--piece by piece. Please view full size...it's a biggun.
Member reactions:
Great looking image, excellent work my only critique would be, that the insides of the eyes are somewhat blurry compared to the rest of the chop and it might be helpful if you included a link to the source images you used to emphasize the fact that you " created it from scratch--piece by piece" ... excellent work nonetheless.
Here are some of my sources. Sources As for the eyes, they are blurry because I wanted them to have a liquid look to them. Her eyes are her primary feature. I did it to make them stand out from the rest of the image.
I just looked at the sources,this Betty is brilliant.I love how you created her,and I love the eyes.Jeepers Creepers,Where Did She Get Those Peepers.Magnificent work hidden
Very impressive Thanks for source images.
Excellent. Really great job on the eyes.
Great . She never had such a ... y body.
Love it, Hidden. This is probably my favorite chop from all the Betty Boop artwork I've seen.
Gold congrats ,Luna.Your Betty is beautiful
Outstanding Betty Boop chop, congrats on the Gold..
Big congrats. I knew I recognized the style. A real beaut.
Quite excellently composed ...Golden Congrats LunaC I knew it was you-Boop Oopy Doop.
Congrats on the gold LunaC Absolutely AWESOME.
Thanks to all for the comments and votes.
Funny I go to the toilet. I'll be back soon.
Member reactions:
Great Job Luciano. You done did a fine OOB.
Funny Polo back in the days
After some problems with the background, it's back with brand a brand new backround, shadowing and a wooden polo"ball".
Member reactions:
Nice edit. The guy's hands seem quite different in thickness and strength. But perhaps his right hand naturally gets more exercise from Polo. Also, I would consider placing a stone ball in the grass somewhere
Thanks for the tip, looks better. maybe it was a combination between polo and a lot of time sneakpeeking at the cavewomen, hehe. anyways, i gave him some steroids to help him with that.
Could be much better with a real polo player riding the dino. This way looks like a comic strip.
i agree, and probably a better answer to the contest as well. but, im also glad it looks like an comic strip, it was kind of what i was going for.
Congrats on your first trophy with us, vetleba.
Thank you guys, and congrats with Silver pcrdds. good one.
Congratulations on your first trophy, Vetleba. Pretty Darn cool, and one of my favorites in this contest.
Thank you, really glad to hear that, makes me motivated. Love this site, i'll keep posting
Funny Kicking Back
Member reactions:
Love my sandbox... Happy cats... cool chop..
, thanks everyone. Sorry the resolution on these sources wasn't better.
Wheres the little umbrellas, just kidding nice job
Funny Hello Daddy! We are back.
Sanctions helped an ordinary Russian family to reunite
Member reactions:
Botox doesn't have family or friends. He is big problem not only for civilized world he is a problem for his "Kremlin friends". He is not safe at "Home" any more. He tries to demonstrate bravery, but his pants always wet . Money will be ended soon. Plastic surgery and Argentina are not an options for him.
Funny Abe is BACK
Member reactions:
If I well understand hair is the modern touch.
For more funny photoshop pix visit
Freaking News front page


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Video game hardware and software sales went up 34 percent for February. According to the AP story, it's higher than analysts expected.
But it's no surprise to me. Television has been uber yawn lately because of the writer's strike, so more people rely on video games for entertainment. Then there's the hot genre of games like Wii Sports, Guitar Hero and Rock Band that become great for party entertainment for people who aren't big video-game players.
Have your video game playing or spending habits changed? Have you signed up for GameFly, which is like Netflix for video games? I know I've been playing more than in years past, and I'm dying to get Rock Band for my next party.


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Queensland Youth Symphony (QYS)
The Queensland Youth Symphony is widely recognised as a world-class youth orchestra and is the leading ensemble of Queensland Youth Orchestras. The orchestra enhanced its reputation during the 2012 international tour to Asia and Europe, earning much praise from audience members and critics, and many standing ovations during the ten-concert tour.
QYS performs an annual concert series at the QPAC and Old Museum Concert Halls, and entertains audiences with music from the baroque to modern periods, with a focus on works from the late 19th and 20th centuries, and by contemporary Australian composers.
The main works in 2014 include Shostakovich's Symphony No. 10, Holst's The Planets, and Respighi's Church Windows. Please find the 2014 program here.
Conductor John Curro AM MBE
John Curro AM MBE is both the founder and Director of Music for Queensland Youth Orchestras (QYO), conducting the Queensland Youth Symphony since its beginning in 1966. He is in demand as a conductor and tutor for professional and youth orchestras and festivals.
In 2012 Mr Curro conducted Havergal Brian's Symphony No. 1, The Gothic, for the first ever performance in 30 years and the first performance outside the UK. Writing in the Havergal Brian Society Newsletter of December 2010, Malcolm Mc Donald wrote: "… it was as vivid and powerful a reading as the Gothic has yet received and perhaps the most accurate to date…". With QYS, Mr Curro conducted the Resurrection Symphony by Gustav Mahler in a remarkable performance with Judith Henley (Soprano), Anne Fulton (Mezzo Soprano), the Queensland Conservatorium Chamber Choir and the Brisbane Chorale.
In 2009, he was conductor of the Bishop Orchestra at the Victorian State Music Camp and guest conductor at the Tasmanian Conservatorium and Brisbane Philharmonic (also in 2010 and 2011) orchestras. In 2012, he conducted the Queensland Youth Symphony during its 12th international tour with critically acclaimed concerts in Germany, Austraia, France, Singapore and Malaysia.
Mr Curro has conducted many of Australia's professional orchestras as well as many opera and ballet seasons in Australia. His guest conducting appearances include the London Virtuosi, the Shanghai Philharmonic Orchestra, the Australian and Bavarian Youth Orchestra, the Bangkok Symphony Orchestra, and Principal Guest Conductor with the Christchurch Symphony Orchestra.
Throughout his distinguished career, Mr Curro has received many prestigious awards including Member of the Order of Australia and Member of the British Empire. He has received Honorary Doctorates from the University of Queensland and Griffith University, Rotary International's Paul Harris Fellow award, the Australian Music Centre (Qld) Award, the Don Banks Music Award, the Sir Bernard Heinze Memorial Award, the Orchestras Australia Lifetime Achievement award and the Queensland Premier's Millenium Award for Excellence in the Arts.
QYS has performed throughout Australia and internationally during twelve overseas tours (Europe, USA, United Kingdom, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand) to much critical acclaim.
The orchestra enhanced its reputation during the 2012 international tour to Asia and Europe, earning much praise from audience members and critics, and many standing ovations during the ten-concert tour. Concert destinations included Singapore, Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Linz (Austria), Strasbourg (France), and German cities Worms, Frankenthal, Stuttgart, Ehingen and Bamberg. Read more about the tour here
QYS regularly hosts visiting international youth orchestras including, in 2012, the Malaysian Philharmonic Youth Orchestra, in 2010, the Colorado Springs Youth Symphony, in 2009 the Albuquerque Youth Symphony from the US and the Ulm Youth Wind Philharmonic from Germany. In 2007 and 2008, QYO hosted orchestras from Germany (Mannheim and Stuttgart) and Macau.
Past QYS repertoire
In 2013, QYS performed
|Colin Brumby
|Mediterranean Suite
|Antonio Vivaldi
|Concerto for Two Trumpets (soloists John Coulton and Sarah Wilson)
|Gustav Mahler
|Symphony No. 5
|Wilfred Lehmann
|Moti Perpetuo
|Benjamin Britten
|War Requiem
|Max Bruch
|Kol Nidrei (soloist Ellen Harrison)
|Serge Prokofiev
|Romeo and Juliet Suite No 2
|Camille Saint-Saens
|Violin Concerto No. 3 (soloist Kentaro Koido)
|Franz Joseph Haydn
|Cello Concerto in C major (soloist David Freisberg)
|Carl Reinecke
|Flute Concerto (soloist Brijette Tubb)
|Pyotr Tchaikovsky
|Piano Concerto No 1 in B-flat minor (soloist Quang Hang Luu)
|Camille Saint-Saens
|Havanaise (soloist Yebin Yoo)
|Pyotr Tchaikovsky
|Symphony No. 4
Watch the Queensland Youth Symphony conducted by John Curro play the 2nd movement of Mahler's First Symphony:
I have been playing in QYO for about 10 years, starting in JSE when I was 8 years old. The experience and knowledge I have gained from these orchestras cannot be expressed in words. I strongly encourage everyone to audition for QYO. For me, joining QYO is one of the best decisions I made in my life.
Zoe, former QYS Concertmaster


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Nelson Mandela, the former South African president, has made a surprise appearance at the final election rally of the African National Congress,(ANC), urging his countrymen to return the ruling party to power in upcoming polls.
A deafening roar from the crowd echoed around the Ellis Park stadium in the Soweto stadium outside the city of Johannesburg on Sunday as Mandela arrived, accompanied by Jacob Zuma, the ANC 's presidential candidate.
"The ANC has the historical responsibility to lead our nation and help build a united non-racial society," Mandela said in a brief pre-recorded message played as he sat on the stage.
"As we strive to secure a decisive victory for our organisation in the upcoming elections, we must remember our primary task. It is to eradicate poverty and ensure a better life for all," the 90-year-old ex-president said.
It was only the second campaign appearance for Mandela, who wore a shirt in the governing party's green, gold and black colours emblazoned with the campaign slogan "Together we can do more".
Unity call
The ANC and the breakaway Congress of the People (Cope) party were both holding their final campaign rallies on Sunday, with the ruling party facing its most serious challenge since the end of apartheid in 1994.
"We reaffirm that South Africa belongs to all of us, black and white," Zuma said.
"Working together we will ensure that no South African ever feels they are less valued than others because of their race, culture or religion."
With the ANC expected to dominate Wednesday's vote, Zuma is set to become president after the elections, but Cope and a revitalised Democratic Alliance are expected to make enough of an impact to reduce its current two-thirds majority in parliament.
'Defining moment'
Such a loss would prevent the ANC from pushing through constitutional amendments.
A guide to S Africa's election system S Africa's forgotten freedom fighters Profile: Jacob Zuma Profile: Helen Zille Profile: Mvume Dandala
"The 2009 election is indeed a defining moment for the ANC and the country. Only a few months ago pessimistic predictions were made about the ANC," Zuma said.
The ANC is facing criticism over its performance in tackling poverty, crime and Aids.The ANC has promised to do more to bring economically disadvantaged blacks into the mainstream economy through land reform and affirmative action programmes, but it could prove to be a daunting task since Africa's biggest economy is on the brink of recession.Cope, which was formed in September after the ANC forced Thabo Mbeki, the then-president, to resign, could garner about 20 per cent of the vote.
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My Profile
Breese, Illinois
Member since Jun 2010
Flag This ProfileFlag as Inappropriate
Reviewed Chicken and Rice Casserole
Jun 9, 2012 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"this recipe was delicious! My family loved it, including my picky 19month old son. I cut the green beans up it small bite size pieces and also saved some of the cheese and sprinkled it over the top of the mixture before putting it in the oven. *delicious*""


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Wilmsen, Edwin Norman
Preliminary abstract: The project has a dual focus: 1. excavation of an Iron Age site and a potting-clay mine; 2. investigation of potting technology and material procurement in the setting of indigenous customary control of resources. A chaîne opératoire study of pottery making, accompanied by an analysis of customary legal structures governing access to resources and their use can begin to bridge the temporal moment between potters of the present and those of the past. The assumption that technology is more enduring than are social institutions - kinship networks, customary legal structures, land tenure entitlements, intergenerational transfer of knowledge, among others - needs to be evaluated for each particular case. We plan to investigate two locations with shorter visits to four others. An investigation of customary legal structures coupled with analyses of materials that are objects embedded in such structures provides an avenue to a clearer view not only of the materials themselves but also of their materiality in their present and past social contexts. By observing a suite of instances of pottery resource procurement and production by speakers of distinct languages we will be able to identify variations in customary processes and extract commonalities for comparison with our archaeologically recovered materials


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"Pediatric eye and vision examination." has been saved, and will be accessible from the My NGC page.
Go to My NGC
Alert me when this guideline summary is updated.
This is the current release of the guideline.
It updates a previous version: American Optometric Association. Pediatric eye and vision examination. 2nd ed. St. Louis (MO): American Optometric Association; 1994. 27 p. (Optometric clinical practice guideline; no. 2)
According to the guideline developer, this guideline was last reviewed for currency in 2009.
Diseases and disorders of the visual system, the eye, and associated structures including:
Age-appropriate comprehensive pediatric eye and vision examination, which may include but is not limited to, the following procedures:
The guideline developer performed literature searches using the National Library of Medicine's Medline database and the VisionNet database.
2009 Review Process
The principal author of the guideline and primary American Optometric Association staff performed searches of PubMed and Cochrane Collaboration using relevant keywords. The Clinical Guidelines Coordinating Committee reviews staff literature searches conducted for each guideline. The committee then determines which guidelines should be reviewed by the consensus panel, revised by the principal author and panel, or completely rewritten.
Not stated
Not applicable
A formal cost analysis was not performed and published cost analyses were not reviewed.
The Reference Guide for Clinicians was reviewed by the American Optometric Association (AOA) Clinical Guidelines Coordinating Committee and approved by the American Optometric Association Board of Trustees on April 25, 2002.
Examination of Infants and Toddlers
Children in this age group (birth to 2 years, 11 months of age) generally perform best if the examination takes place when they are alert. Examination early in the morning or after an infant's nap is usually most effective. Because infants tend to be more cooperative and alert when feeding, it is also helpful to suggest that the parent bring a bottle for the child.
Age-appropriate examination and management strategies should be used. Major modifications include relying more on objective examination procedures and performing tests considerably more rapidly than with older children.
Early detection and treatment are essential to preventing vision conditions that have the potential to cause permanent loss of vision. Screening by the pediatrician or other primary care physician is important at birth and during the first 6 months of life when the visual system is highly susceptible to interference. However, screening this population has been problematic, leading to underdetection of strabismus, amblyopia, and significant refractive error. Newer screening techniques such as photorefraction are available, but until they are validated, an eye and vision examination at 6 months of age is the best approach for early detection and prevention of eye and vision problems in infants and toddlers (see Table 3 in the original guideline document).
The eye and vision examination of the infant or toddler may include, but is not limited to, the following procedures (see Appendix Figure 2 in the original guideline document):
A comprehensive patient history for infants and toddlers may include:
The collection of demographic data generally precedes the taking of the patient history. Having the parent(s) fill out a questionnaire facilitates obtaining the patient history. Responses to questions related to the mother's pregnancy, birth of the child, and the child's general and vision development will help direct the remainder of the examination.
Assessment of visual acuity for infants and toddlers may include these procedures:
See the original guideline document for a full discussion of these tests.
If clinical evaluation of an infant or toddler by indirect visual acuity testing, refraction, and ocular health assessment indicates any problem with visual acuity, forced-choice preferential looking with the Teller acuity cards or electrodiagnostic testing should be considered to obtain a more precise measure of baseline visual acuity. Consultation with an optometrist or ophthalmologist who has advanced clinical training or experience with preferential looking assessment or electrophysiological evaluation of visual acuity may be warranted.
Traditional subjective procedures for the assessment of refractive error may be ineffective with infants or toddlers because of short attention span and poor fixation. As a result, the examiner will need to rely on objective measures of refraction. The two most commonly used procedures are:
It is important for the examiner performing cycloplegic retinoscopy in an infant or toddler to take several precautions:
Cyclopentolate hydrochloride is the cycloplegic agent of choice. One drop should be instilled twice, 5 minutes apart, in each eye, using a strength of 0.5% for children from birth to 1 year and 1% for older children. (Note: Every effort has been made to ensure that drug dosage recommendations are accurate at the time of publication of this Guideline. However, treatment recommendations change due to continuing research and clinical experience, and clinicians should verify drug dosage schedules with product information sheets.) Spray administration of the drug appears to be a viable alternative to the use of conventional eye drops for routine cycloplegic retinoscopy in the pediatric population. The child is asked to keep his or her eyes gently closed while the examiner sprays the cycloplegic agent on the child's eyelids. As the child blinks, enough of the drug is delivered to the eye to provide adequate cycloplegia. This technique has two advantages: (1) The child has less of an avoidance response, and it may be less traumatic for the child and the parent observing the procedure. (2) A single application can achieve both cycloplegia and pupillary dilation when a mixture of 0.5% cyclopentolate, 0.5% tropicamide, and 2.5% phenylephrine is used. To maintain sterility, it is best to have this spray mixture prepared by a pharmacist. Retinoscopy may be performed 20-30 minutes after instillation. The use of loose lenses or a lens rack is recommended for retinoscopy.
A study comparing retinoscopy in infants using near retinoscopy, cycloplegia with tropicamide 1%, and cycloplegia with cyclopentolate 1% found that tropicamide may be a useful alternative in many healthy, nonstrabismic infants.
Near retinoscopy is another objective method of estimating refractive error in infants and toddlers. However, it has not been found reliable for quantification of the refractive error.
Near retinoscopy may have some clinical value in the following situations:
The average refractive error in children from birth to 1 year of age is about 2 diopters (D) of hyperopia (standard deviation 2 D). Astigmatism up to 2 D is common in children under 3 years of age. Studies show that 30-50 percent of infants less than 12 months of age have significant astigmatism, which declines over the first few years of life, becoming stable by approximately 2½ to 5 years of age. Low amounts of anisometropia are common and variable in infants. The clinician may choose to monitor these levels of refractive error rather than prescribe a lens correction.
The following procedures are useful for assessing binocular function:
The cover test is the procedure of choice for evaluation of binocular vision in preverbal children because it is objective and requires little time to administer. If the cover test results are unreliable because of the child's resistance to testing, other methods may be used. In such cases, use of the Hirschberg test is often successful in infants 6 months and younger. Prisms can be used with the Hirschberg test to align the corneal reflections (Krimsky test) and determine the magnitude of the deviation.
The Brückner test is another means of objectively assessing binocular vision, as well as providing an indirect evaluation of refractive error. When both eyes are simultaneously illuminated with the ophthalmoscope beam at a distance of 100 cm, an overall whitening of the red reflex across the entire pupil of one eye indicates strabismus or anisometropic amblyopia. While the absence of a Brückner reflex is not a good indication of alignment, the presence of a Brückner reflex is considered a positive result, and is a good indication of strabismus, even of small amounts. Once detected with the Brückner reflex, the deviation should be quantified with the cover test or Krimsky technique.
Additional binocular testing often can be performed successfully with infants and toddlers. For example, preferential looking techniques can be used to assess stereopsis with some success.
Assessment of extraocular muscle function and concomitancy may involve version testing with an appropriate target. If the infant will follow a penlight, observation of the corneal reflections in all cardinal positions of gaze is possible. When a problem is suspected, the cover test procedure should be used for the position of gaze in question. After performing version testing, the clinician may find it useful to move the penlight or other target toward the child to assess objectively the near point of convergence (NPC).
If a binocular vision disorder or an ocular motility problem is suspected, consultation with an optometrist or ophthalmologist who has advanced clinical training or experience with this population may be warranted.
An evaluation of ocular health may include:
The diagnosis of eye disease in infants and toddlers presents some unique challenges. Standard procedures such as biomicroscopy, tonometry, and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy are considerably more difficult in this population.
The cover test and versions, both important binocular vision assessment procedures, are also important for ocular health assessment. For example, the presence of strabismus may indicate any number of disease entities such as neoplasm, neuromuscular disorder, infection, vascular anomaly, or traumatic damage.
The examiner performing external ocular evaluation should gather as much information as possible by gross inspection of the eyes and adnexa. Generally, children up to the age of 6-9 months are sufficiently attracted to lights to permit adequate evaluation using a penlight or transilluminator. With the older infant, it is important to use a variety of interesting targets that can be attached to the transilluminator. Pupil function (direct, consensual, and afferent pupil integrity) should also be evaluated.
A hand-held biomicroscope may be used for evaluation of the anterior segment or the parent/caregiver may be able to position and hold the infant or toddler in a standard biomicroscope. If a corneal problem is suspected, but use of the biomicroscope is impossible, the optometrist may attempt an examination using sodium fluorescein and a Burton lamp. Another simple alternative is to use a self-illuminated, hand-held magnifying lens, or a 20 D condensing lens with a light source.
Thorough evaluation of the ocular media and the posterior segment generally requires pupillary dilation. Recommended drugs and dosages for pupillary dilation in infants and toddlers are one drop each of tropicamide (0.5%) or cyclopentolate (0.5%) and one drop of phenylephrine (2.5%). The spray mixture discussed previously is effective in achieving both dilation and cycloplegia in the pediatric population. Both direct and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy may be performed after the pupil has dilated. An ideal time for evaluation of the posterior segment is when the infant is in a calm, relaxed, sedated condition (i.e., being bottle fed or sound asleep). When adequate fundus examination is impossible but is indicated by patient history, examination under sedation or anesthesia may be warranted.
Measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) is not a routine part of the eye examination of the infant or toddler. Although it is extremely rare in this age group, glaucoma may be suspected in the presence of a number of signs (e.g., corneal edema, increased corneal diameter, tearing, and myopia). Measurement of IOP is difficult and the results often are unreliable. However, pressure should be assessed when ocular signs and symptoms or risk factors for glaucoma exist. Measurement of IOP in the pediatric population may be accomplished with hand-held applanation and noncontact tonometers. If risk factors are present and reliable assessment of IOP under standard clinical conditions is impossible, testing under sedation may be appropriate.
When strabismus or other neurological problems are suspected, confrontation visual fields should be attempted with infants and toddlers using a variation of the traditional approach. A shift in fixation, head movement toward the target, or change in facial expression of the infant can indicate that the target has moved from an unsighted to a sighted field. The clinician should decide when imaging studies are indicated, independently or in consultation with a neurosurgeon or neurologist, on the basis of risk factors and the observation of ocular abnormalities, or signs such as nystagmus, developmental delay, poor growth, regression of skills, and seizures.
During the ocular health assessment and systemic health screening of infants and children of any age, it is important to remember that health care providers are responsible for recognizing and reporting signs of child abuse, a significant problem in the United States.
Optometrists have a uniquely important role in diagnosing child abuse including Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) because external eye trauma, and retinal trauma (hemorrhages, folds, tears, detachments, and schisis) are common ocular findings from child abuse.
In many states, optometrists must report suspected child abuse or neglect to the state child welfare service. Failure to report a suspected case of child abuse puts that child, his or her other siblings, and possibly a parent/caregiver in danger of continued abuse at home.
Upon completion of the examination, the optometrist assesses and evaluates the data to arrive at one or more diagnoses and establishes a management plan. In some cases, referral for consultation with or treatment by another optometrist, the patient's pediatrician, primary care physician, or other health care provider may be indicated.
Examination of Preschool Children
Although the vast majority of children in this age group can communicate verbally, it is preferable in most cases for the parent/caregiver to accompany the child into the examination room. It is important to ensure that the child feels relaxed and at ease, which is often best accomplished by beginning the examination with procedures that appear less threatening.
Age-appropriate examination and management strategies should be used with preschool children. Major modifications include reliance on objective examination techniques, limited use of subjective techniques requiring verbal interaction, and performing testing considerably more rapidly than is typically used for older children.
A common approach to early detection and prevention of vision problems in preschool children is vision screening by pediatricians or other primary care physicians or lay screeners. Screenings for this population are less problematic than for infants and toddlers because some subjective testing is possible; however, screenings are less accurate for preschool children than for older children. Reasonably accurate screening tests are available for the assessment of many visual functions. The problem with many vision screenings, however, is that they are limited in scope. They may detect only visual acuity problems and may fail to detect other important vision problems, leading to parents' or caregivers' false sense of security. A comprehensive eye examination at 3 years of age continues to be the most effective approach to prevention or early detection of eye and vision problems in the preschool child.
The pediatric eye and vision examination of the preschool child may include, but is not limited to, the following (see Appendix Figure 3 in the original guideline document):
A comprehensive patient history for the preschool child may include:
The collection of demographic data generally precedes the taking of the patient history. Having the parent(s) or caregiver(s) complete a questionnaire in advance of the examination facilitates obtaining the patient history.
An assessment of visual acuity usually includes one of the following procedures:
By 3 years of age, most children have the necessary behavioral and psychological development to allow subjective acuity testing. However, specially designed tests are still useful to limit the amount of verbal interaction needed. The 3-year-old child can easily match simple forms and responds well to learning through demonstration and imitation of tasks. Visual acuity tests for this age group ideally involve a matching task or a forced-choice task, such as pointing to the correct response.
Refer to the original guideline document for a complete discussion of visual acuity tests for preschool children.
Measurement of refractive error may involve:
With two important modifications, standard static (distance, non-cycloplegic) retinoscopy can usually be performed in preschool children. A modern video projection system is a valuable means of controlling accommodation and fixation at 6 meters. Using a lens rack or loose lenses and fogging glasses rather than a phoropter enables the clinician to see the child's face and observe when the child loses fixation at 6 meters.
Cycloplegic retinoscopy is a valuable procedure for the first evaluation of preschoolers and when static retinoscopy yields unreliable results or professional judgment indicates otherwise. This procedure should also be performed when strabismus or significant refractive error is present. Cyclopentolate (1%) is the cycloplegic agent of choice. Two drops should be instilled, one at a time, 5 minutes apart, in each eye. The use of a spray bottle to administer the drug is also effective for this age group. Retinoscopy may be performed with a lens rack or loose lenses 20-30 minutes after instillation.
The following procedures are useful for assessing binocular and accommodative function:
The cover test is the primary means of evaluating binocular vision in the preschool child. It should be performed in the primary position and, if necessary, in other cardinal positions of gaze to screen for noncomitant deviations. When a deviation is present, estimation of the magnitude or use of a prism bar enables more precise measurement. The results of the cover test can also be combined with version testing to rule out the presence of a noncomitant deviation.
If the cover test suggests a potentially significant heterophoria or intermittent strabismus, fusional vergence testing may be used to help determine whether treatment may be indicated. Fusional vergence can be assessed objectively, using the step vergence procedure. To assess fusional vergence objectively, the clinician uses a hand-held prism bar and carefully observes the patient's eyes, looking for a loss of bifixation as the amount of prism is gradually increased.
The NPC is an excellent test to use with the preschool child because both the break and recovery measurements can be determined objectively. Instead of asking the child when he sees double, the clinician asks the child to keep looking at the target as it is moved closer. The clinician carefully observes the child's eyes and determines when there is a loss of bifixation. The target is then moved away from the child until bifixation is regained. Using this procedure makes it easy to determine the NPC in a preschool child.
Stereopsis testing can generally be accomplished in preschool children, using commercially available stereopsis tests. To increase the ability to measure stereopsis, it is wise to use a matching procedure, in which the examiner constructs a set of figures that correspond to the figures in the stereopsis test booklet and simply asks the child to point to the picture he or she sees in the test booklet.
Objective accommodative testing can be performed in preschool children, using MEM retinoscopy. MEM retinoscopy is easy to perform with children of this age group and provides information about the accommodative response.
To assess extraocular muscle function and concomitancy, it is important to perform version testing in all cardinal positions of gaze, using a high-interest fixation target. When a problem is suspected, the cover test procedure can be used in the relevant position of gaze.
With some modification, traditional testing used to assess ocular health in adults can be used in preschool children. Most preschool children will cooperate, allowing the use of the biomicroscope to evaluate the anterior segment. Pupillary dilation facilitates thorough evaluation of the posterior segment. With encouragement and assistance from the parent, to help control fixation, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy is often successful.
Color vision testing can generally be done with standard pseudoisochromatic plates or, preferably, with tests such as the Pease-Allen Color Test (PACT), the Mr. Color Test, or Color Vision Made Easy, which do not require the child to identify a number. All of these tests are easy to administer and have high testability rates in preschool children.
Measurement of IOP is not a routine part of the eye and vision examination of preschool children, but pressure should be assessed when ocular signs and symptoms or risk factors for glaucoma exist. Hand-held applanation or noncontact tonometers are available for the measurement of IOP in this population. If it is not possible to assess IOP reliably under standard clinical conditions, testing under sedation or anesthesia may be appropriate.
Confrontation visual fields testing should be attempted with preschool children, when indicated, using the techniques described for infants and toddlers. When the results are equivocal or risk factors are present, the clinician should either retest the child or consult with or refer the child to a pediatric ophthalmologist or neurologist for appropriate testing.
When the preschool child's history indicates a possible developmental lag or a learning problem, the optometrist may administer a developmental visual perceptual screening test to help diagnose and manage visual information-processing problems. The testing can help assess developmental level, detect visual perceptual dysfunction, and enable early identification of children at risk for the development of learning related vision problems.
The assessment of visual perceptual development may include:
Recommended for use in this age group, the DDST was designed for use with children from birth through 6 years of age. Another test that can be used for screening children as young as 3 years is the DTVMI. When visual perceptual problems are detected, consultation with an optometrist who has advanced clinical training or experience with this population should be considered. Referral for consultation with the child's pediatrician or other primary care physician or a child psychologist or psychiatrist should also be considered when problems in language and social development are detected.
Upon completing examination of the preschool-age child, the optometrist assesses and evaluates the data to establish the diagnosis and to formulate a management plan. In some cases, referral for consultation with or treatment by another optometrist, the patient's pediatrician or other primary care physician, or another health care provider may be indicated.
Examination of School-Age Children
Some of the issues relating to infants, toddlers, and preschool children also apply to this population, particularly children younger than 8 years old. Age-appropriate examination and management strategies should be used. Although most of the examination procedures used with this age group are identical to those recommended for adults, age-appropriate modifications of instructions and targets often may be required.
The value of and need for school-based vision screening have been debated for decades. One concern is that the majority of school vision screenings test only visual acuity. Such testing primarily detects amblyopia and myopia, and only high degrees of astigmatism and hyperopia. Although detection of such disorders is certainly a worthwhile objective, screening for visual acuity alone generally detects only about 30 percent of children who would fail a professional eye examination. Visual acuity screening often fails to detect those conditions that would be expected to affect learning. Parents or caregivers of children who pass vision screening may incorrectly assume that their children do not require further professional care.
The pediatric eye and vision examination of the school-age child may include, but is not limited to, the following (see Appendix Figure 4 of the original guideline document):
A comprehensive patient history for the school-age child may include:
The collection of demographic data generally precedes taking the patient history. Having the parent(s) or caregiver(s) fill out a questionnaire facilitates obtaining the patient history. Because of the relationship between vision and learning, special attention needs to be paid to the child's school performance. When a child is not performing up to potential, the optometrist should probe for signs and symptoms suggestive of a learning related vision problem. (Please refer to the Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline for Care of the Patient with Learning Related Vision Problems.) Questions can be designed to define the specific nature of the learning problem and to distinguish disorders of visual efficiency from a visual perceptual or nonvisual disorder.
Visual acuity may be assessed with the Snellen acuity chart (modified for children 6-8 years of age). A recommended modification is the isolation of one line, or even one-half line of letters, rather than projection of a full chart.
Measurement of refractive error may involve use of the following procedures:
For children over the age of 8, the clinician can usually use traditional assessment procedures to measure refractive error. For patients below age 8, static (distance) retinoscopy may be performed without a phoroptor, using a lens rack or loose lenses and fogging glasses. This procedure allows the practitioner to move with the child and to observe whether the child is fixating properly. Cycloplegic refraction may be necessary in such conditions as strabismus, amblyopia, or significant hyperopia.
Evaluation of binocular and accommodative function and ocular motility may include the following procedures:
Other than refractive errors, the most prevalent vision conditions in children fall into the category of accommodative and binocular vision anomalies. These conditions may interfere with school performance, causing a number of symptoms, including eyestrain, blurred vision, double vision, loss of place, skipped lines, word movement on the page, inability to sustain attention when reading, and decreased reading comprehension over time. Careful evaluation of these conditions in the school-age population is critical.
Evaluation of accommodation and fusional vergence should involve assessment of both the amplitude and the facility of the response. For accommodation, the evaluation may include assessment of accommodative amplitude, accommodative facility using +2.00/-2.00 D lenses, and accommodative response using MEM retinoscopy.
Binocular evaluation should include the cover test and tests of accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, fusional vergence amplitude with either the Risley prisms or the prism bar, vergence facility, and stereopsis, using a random dot stereopsis test. Additionally, negative relative accommodation (NRA) and positive relative accommodation (PRA) tests may contribute to an understanding of both accommodation and binocular status. In analyzing these tests, it is important to examine all data and group findings, rather than depending on any one isolated finding, to arrive at a diagnosis.
Versions can be performed to rule out a noncomitant deviation. Qualitative examination of eye movements involves three distinct steps: assessment of stability of fixation, saccadic function, and pursuit function. Subjective techniques involving observation of the patient's fixation and eye movements have been developed, along with rating scales, to probe these three areas.
An assessment of ocular health may include:
Traditional testing procedures utilized for the evaluation of ocular health in adults can be used with school-age children. Most will cooperate and allow use of the biomicroscope to evaluate the anterior segment and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy to evaluate the posterior segment. Pupillary dilation allows for thorough evaluation of the posterior segment and may be repeated as needed at subsequent visits.
The measurement of IOP in school-age children is generally successful with either applanation or noncontact tonometry. Although the prevalence of glaucoma is low in this population, a baseline measurement at this age is valuable. Tonometry may be repeated as needed at subsequent visits.
If color vision testing was not administered when a preschool child, it should be performed at this age. As children enter school, it is helpful to know whether a color vision deficiency exists, because severe color vision deficiency may cause mislabeling of a child as learning disabled. Moreover, color vision deficiency may indicate an ocular health problem.
Evaluation of visual fields can be performed in school-age children using confrontation visual field screening.
Visual information processing function can be evaluated using tests that probe the following areas:
This testing is not routine; however, when the patient history indicates a possible developmental lag or a history of learning problems, a visual perceptual screening is warranted. Two tests available for probing these areas are the Gardner Reversal Frequency Test-Recognition subtest (directionality) and the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration. When a visual information processing problem is detected, consultation with an optometrist who has advanced clinical training or experience in this area should be considered. Referral for consultation with the child's pediatrician or other primary care physician, the school system, a child psychologist or psychiatrist, or the state or local Department of Special Education should be considered when problems in other developmental areas such as behavior, language, or social development are detected, or when a full psychoeducational evaluation is indicated.
Upon completion of the examination, the optometrist should assess and evaluate the data to establish a diagnosis and to formulate a management plan. In some cases, referral for consultation with or treatment by another optometrist, the patient's pediatrician or other primary care physician, or another health care provider may be indicated.
Management of Children
Discussion and communication with the parents or caregivers and the child should occur at the end of the eye examination to review test findings. The optometrist's primary responsibility in this area is educating parents or caregivers about any eye or vision disorders and vision care. Many parents and caregivers believe the screening performed by the child's pediatrician or other primary care physician or school nurse is sufficient to rule out all significant visual disorders. However, these screenings are limited and were not intended to replace a comprehensive eye examination (see Table 1 in the original guideline document).
The importance of adhering to an eye and vision examination schedule should be emphasized from a preventive standpoint as well. Early detection and preventive care can help avoid, or minimize, the consequences of disorders such as amblyopia and strabismus.
The optometrist can also play an important role by educating parents/caregivers and children about eye safety, particularly regarding sports-related eye safety. Sports and recreational activities accounted for nearly 40,000 of the eye injuries reported in 1991. Baseball injuries were the most frequent cause of eye injuries among children 5-14 years of age. A spectacle lens material equivalent or superior in impact resistance to that of 2mm polycarbonate or trivex is recommended for use with children, except when such lenses will not fulfill the visual requirements of the patient. For those cases in which protective lens materials are not used, the optometrist should obtain informed consent from parents and/or caregivers.
Optometrists should educate parents or caregivers about the importance of early, preventive eye care, including examinations at the age of 6 months, at age 3, before entering first grade, and periodically during the school years. The extent to which a child is at risk for the development of eye and vision problems determines the appropriate re-evaluation schedule. Individuals with ocular signs and symptoms require prompt examination. Furthermore, the presence of certain risk factors may necessitate more frequent examinations, based on professional judgment (see Table below).
Table. Recommended Eye Examination Frequency for the Pediatric Patient
Patient Age
Birth to 24 months
Asymptomatic/risk-free: At six months of age
At risk: At six months of age or as recommended
2 to 5 years
Asymptomatic/risk-free: At 3 years of age
At risk: At 3 years of age or as recommended
6 to 18 years
Asymptomatic/risk-free: Before first grade and every two years thereafter
At risk: Annually or as recommended
Patient Age
Birth to 24 months
Asymptomatic/risk-free: At six months of age
At risk: At six months of age or as recommended
Asymptomatic/risk-free: At six months of age
At risk: At six months of age or as recommended
2 to 5 years
Asymptomatic/risk-free: At 3 years of age
At risk: At 3 years of age or as recommended
Asymptomatic/risk-free: At 3 years of age
At risk: At 3 years of age or as recommended
6 to 18 years
Asymptomatic/risk-free: Before first grade and every two years thereafter
At risk: Annually or as recommended
Asymptomatic/risk-free: Before first grade and every two years thereafter
At risk: Annually or as recommended
The child's first eye and vision examination should be scheduled at 6 months of age (or sooner if signs or symptoms warrant). When no abnormalities are detected at this age, the next examination should be scheduled at age 3.
Note: The child considered at risk for the development of eye and vision problems may need additional testing or more frequent re-evaluation. Factors placing an infant, toddler, or child at significant risk for visual impairment include:
An algorithm is provided for pediatric eye and vision examination.
The type of supporting evidence is not specifically stated for each recommendation.
Subgroups Most Likely to Benefit:
The following factors place an infant, toddler, or child at significant risk for visual impairment:
There is a potential for overdosage of cycloplegic agents.
Subgroups Most Likely to be Harmed:
Children with Down's syndrome, cerebral palsy, trisomy 13 and 18, and other central nervous system disorders may have an increased reaction to cycloplegic agents.
An implementation strategy was not provided.
Not applicable: The guideline was not adapted from another source.
Funding for the Guidelines has been provided by the Vision Service Plan (VSP) family of companies that are all committed to the success of the private eyecare practice, including VSP, Altaireyewear, Eyefinity and the VSP Optical Laboratory.
American Optometric Association Consensus Panel on Pediatric Eye and Vision Examination
Committee Members: Mitchell M. Scheiman, O.D., M.S. (Principal Author); Catherine S. Amos, O.D.; Elise B. Ciner, O.D.; Wendy Marsh-Tootle, O.D.; Bruce D. Moore, O.D.; Michael W. Rouse, O.D., M.S.
Electronic copies: Available in Portable Document Format (PDF) from the American Optometric Association Web site .
Print copies: Available from the American Optometric Association, 243 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63141-7881
None available
This summary was completed by ECRI on October 15, 1999. The information was verified by the guideline developer as of November 15, 1999. The summary was updated on April 10, 2003. The information was verified by the guideline developer on April 28, 2003. The information was reaffirmed by the guideline developer in 2009 and updated by ECRI Institute on February 26, 2010.
This NGC summary is based on the original guideline, which is subject to the guideline developer's copyright restrictions as follows:
Copyright to the original guideline is owned by the American Optometric Association (AOA). NGC users are free to download a single copy for personal use. Reproduction without permission of the AOA is prohibited. Permissions requests should be directed to Jeffrey L. Weaver, O.D., Director, Clinical Care Group, American Optometric Association, 243 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63141; (314) 991-4100, ext. 244; fax (314) 991-4101; e-mail,firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Bradley, Nigel (2003) Virtual conferences for graphology. Graphology: Journal of the British Academy of Graphology, 63 . pp. 54-55.
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Beyond the Basics
How to Make Croquembouche
For your next holiday bash, make a tower of pastry.Read More »
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IMO, gun control is the best selling point for guns and permits.
Since CO passed its Concealed Carry Act in 2003, the state did 200,148 background checks for CC permits. Almost 50,000 of them are within the last year-and-a-half. As many in the first half of this year as in all of 2011.
Law enforcement is supportive of the class and character of those applying with very few denials and with women applying at high rates.


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Laboratory and Research Supplies & Equipment
Sample Heater increases lab process flexibility.December 18, 2014
Designed to assist biological laboratories, Flexi-block can heat biological or chemical laboratory samples from ambient up to 200°C, even when stored in 0.2, 0.5, 2.0 or 5.0 ml micro tubes, or any diameter test-tube, vial, cuvette, or micro plate. Flexibility lets researchers heat any sample, regardless of container or type, without changing or recalibrating instruments. Range is enabled by incorporation of 1.5 ml dia autoclaveable beads manufactured from high-density ceramic. Read More
Gold Nanoparticles suit photoacoustic imaging applications.December 18, 2014
When subjected to extreme heat via focused laser beams, Silica-coated Gold Nanorods resist melting and shape distortion. In addition to thermodynamic stability, silica coating also facilitates heat transfer to surrounding fluid, maximizing signal strength. These benefits make gold nanorods optimized contrast agent for in vitro and in vivo photoacoustic imaging as well as other applications involving continuous or pulsed lasers. Read More
Biopharma Industry Bioreactor incorporates smart features.December 15, 2014
Designed per such international standards as cGMP, GEP, and GDP, BioWiz Smart Bioreactor can help biopharma industry meet requirements of bio processes in laboratory, pilot, and commercial units. Golden Batch concept allows for real-time comparison of process parameters, and automation is provided via PLC-SCADA based system. Along with built-in safety parameters, features include Web-based remote monitoring capabilities. Read More
Diagnostic X-Ray Systems meet healthcare providers' needs.December 5, 2014
SkyPlate portable detector offers cassette-sized wireless sharing across Philips digital radiography systems. SkyFlow technology, available on DigitalDiagnost and MobileDiagnost wDR, allows clinicians to combine grid-less acquisition workflow for bedside chest radiography with detail contrast offering grid-like images. Eleva UI offers pre-settings, customizable user profiles, and accelerated image availability, while UNIQUE software allows consistent imaging across all anatomical areas. Read More
Image Processing Tool optimizes contrast for exams.December 5, 2014
Intended for emergency room, operating room, bedside, and wheel chair X-ray exams, Virtual Grid intelligently adapts contrast to improve image quality for exams that are taken without grid. Product analyzes image for scatter effect based on exam menu and selected parameters and offers automated and selectable grid ratios to further adapt image quality to site preferences. Use of Virtual Grid also eliminates artifacts typical from misalignment of tube to detector/grid angle. Read More
Dynamic CMOS Flat X-Ray Detectors come in 6, 9 and 12 in. models.December 4, 2014
With fields-of-view of 20 x 22 cm, 22 x 22 cm, and 30 x 30 cm, Xineos™ 2222HS, 3030HS, 2022HR, and 3030HR utilize radiation-hard CMOS active pixel design. Products offer switchable saturation dose as well as built-in gain, offset, and defect correction. While high-speed Xineos-HS models have 152 µm pixel size and offer real-time imaging in full resolution up to 90 fps, Xineos-HR detectors have 99 µm pixel size and support 30 fps real-time imaging at full resolution of up to 5 or 9 MP. Read More
Ion Beam Milling System is offered with VCT docking port.December 2, 2014
Leica EM TIC 3X is available with docking port that enables transfer at vacuum/cryo conditions with Leica EM VCT100 system. Room-temperature or cryo sections can be taken up directly from ion beam milling system, loaded into vacuum cryo transfer (VCT) system, and transferred to next preparation step. System provides users with surface preparation of hard, soft, porous, heat-sensitive, brittle and/or heterogeneous material for microstructure analysis by means of SEM and AFM. Read More
Ultrafiltration Membrane Bioreactor reduces energy usage.November 26, 2014
Suited for wastewater treatment, PURON® MBR series features braided membrane fibers that minimize downtime/breakage. Module has single-header design, and reinforced PVDF hollow fibers are fixed only at bottom to minimize buildup of hair and fibrous materials. Solids and particulates, including bacteria, remain on outside, while permeate is drawn through membrane to inside of fibers. In center of fiber bundle, aeration nozzle scours entire length of fibers and minimizes power consumption. Read More


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Editor says, what if John Quincey Adams had suffered his disabling strokes twenty years earlier? Please note that the opinions expressed in this post do not necessarily reflect the views of the author(s).
In 1825, at a critical juncture when secessionism was slowly gaining momentum in the United States, the office of Vice President was assumed by John Caldwell Calhoun, a leading advocate of states' rights, limited government, nullification and free trade.Cast-Iron Man The Accidental Presidency of John C. CalhounAlthough he was a vigorous man who liked to exercise, the incoming President John Quincey Adams was suffering from symptons associated with the advanced stages of atherosclerosis. Only months after the inauguration, he suffered a paralytic stroke. He recovered the full use of his body and returned to the White House the following year. But he collapsed on the floor of the Oval Office from another stroke. He was carried to the Executive Residence, where two days later he died.This tragic demise forced the Presidency into the hands of perhaps the foremost states' right advocate of the day. Nicknamed the "cast-iron man" for his ideological rigidity as well as for his determination to defend the causes he believed in, Calhoun supported states' rights and nullification, under which states could declare null and void federal laws which they viewed unconstitutional. He was an outspoken proponent of the institution of slavery, which he defended as a "positive good" rather than as a "necessary evil".This post is a variant ending to the article Calhoun Captured by Eric Lipps.
Story Tags Permalinks: Post, Day. Browse Thread: Politicians Era: Pre World War 1 Source: Wikipedia Labels: Calhoun, Adams, Presidency, Premature Death, White House.
Editor says, in this article we explore an idea from the Discussion Boards and and repurpose content from Wikipedia. Editorial comments are entered in [light green] typeface.


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Tag Archives: King Holiday
An Apology to Dr. King
Our fight for freedom and justice is not over. Now, it is up to our children and grandchildren to ensure that King's dream is deferred no longer.
King's dream was about equal opportunity and economic justice for all black Americans, not just…
By Earl G. Graves, Sr.
January 16, 2012 Tags: black wealth gap, education crisis, King Holiday, King Memorial, Martin Luther King Jr., MLK Day, racial disparities
25 Years…And Change
I am back where it all began, in Washington, D.C., to cover the presidential inauguration of one Barack Hussein Obama Jr.
The presidential inauguration of Barack Obama brings me full circle. My first ever professional reporting…
By Alfred Edmond, Jr.
January 19, 2009 Tags: Barack Obama, inauguration, King Holiday, March on Washington, Martin Luther King


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Contact Information
Trent Carol
(307) 777-3572
Overview and Background
The State Fiscal Stabilization Fund is a program established by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) and awarded by the US Department of Education. The US Department of Education will award governors approximately $48 billion under the SFSF program in exchange for a commitment to advance education reforms. These funds will help stabilize state and local government budgets in order to minimize and avoid reductions in education services.
Section 14005(d) of Division A of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) requires any state receiving funds under the SFSF program to provide assurances in four key areas of education reform:
- Achieving Equity in Teacher Distribution
- Improving the Collection and Use of Data
- Standards and Assessments
- Supporting Struggling Schools
For each of these areas of reform, the ARRA prescribes specific actions that the State must assure that it will implement. These assurances come in the form of indicators and descriptors, each delineating a specific action to be taken. There are 32 indicators and 3 descriptors.


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Sorry, I know many of you are waiting for it, I will provide a quick fix within 72 hours.I spent too much time on improving GBA speed and I'm doing some research & development on multithreading.
Sorry, I know many of you are waiting for it, I will provide a quick fix within 72 hours.I spent too much time on improving GBA speed and I'm doing some research & development on multithreading.
I just pushed a new build trying to fix the UP/DOWN issue.
It's a real problem, up/down axis is inverted between Chrome and Firefox so... I don't know which one is right, and which one is a bug. Plus it ONLY happens in windows, not Mac.Time to give a big f*** to Adobe and Google for screwing it up AGAIN.
It might fix button lag too, not sure.
EDIT 2 : Okay, Chrome is wrong, Firefox is right. Now I will have to add a stupid hack to reverse up/down if and ONLY if we are running on Windows, with Chrome. F*ck !
im using firefox, now my controler up & down is backwards and i used it yesterday with out any issues
Sure, since I reversed it for Chrome.I am working on a fix.
and what about the L2 and R2 button for PSX?
Ok I finally fixed this SH*T on both Chrome and Firefox.
Unsure about Chrome on Mac an Linux, if any user here on these with a gamepad, please test and report back.No time yet for L2/R2 PSX buttons as I need to refactor the controls mapping SWF on Flash, this is 4 to 8 hours of additional work.
Hi admin. Thanks for this site. I'm one who was waiting for the game pad issue to be fixed (I'm on windows using chrome) and I don't want to sound like a pain in the you know but am I crazy or do the A and B buttons now seem to be reversed for super mario bros 1 and 2 games? Am I nuts? Anyone else having that problem? I'm using a wired xbox controller. Thanks!
That's possible since Chrome on Windows has such weird bugs on gamepad, but I will not put a fix for this.I think it's not as critical as up/down reversed.Hopefully the Chrome team will fix that sooner or later, I will report a bug to them.
So I should use firefox yes? Everything works on that?
works like regular now a handy update.
firefox has no gamepad quirks yeah.Anyone here with it not fixed ? please confirm with which browser/OS couple.
I'm using Internet Explorer and the Dpad is still inverted
Stick works good on Chrome now, D-pad is still messed up but as long as one of the two works it's okay in my book, thanks and keep up the good work!
What do you mean by DPAD is still messed up ?
What controller do you use ?
Well for example I can't roll my thumb from the right side to bottom button of the Dpad, it'll just make my character stand still. I have to let go then press down for it to work, don't know if that makes sense. This wasn't a problem until I think a patch on the website right before the Playstation Beta was announced. I know it's not my controller because I've tested it on other sites. It's no big deal, as long as the stick works it's fine, my problem before was neither were working properly.
I use an Xbox 360 USB controller by the way.
Basically I can't roll my thumb around the Dpad like I can on the stick, and have my character move in a circular motion, maybe that's a better explanation.
It makes sense, I will check this.
the D pad is still inverted for usb controllrs on Internet Exlorer
Thanks Tpuffs, I will check this
Yeah gamepad !
I tried using the Change Controls feature the other day and it doesn't work. I clicked on REDEFINe then the box under what I wanted to change and it came back "That button is alredy in use " or something like that. I was trying t reassogn the "A" and "B" buttons. However, did I read it right. If I change the buttons for one game they will be applicable to all games in that console? SO I can't change the controls game by game? Bummer!
Controls are changed for each system once.
help admin i think i forgot my password. this is my alt account. so please help me.
Then click on forgot password link when you try to login ?
i do and i enter my info, and it keeps saying "unable to send to email. contact the site administraitor if the problem persists" please help me. i'm a HUGE fan of mother 3, and half of the game isn't beaten. i beg of you. please help me
This is gonna fix soon
admin not to be impatient, but what's the hold up?
hey sorry if this is not where im supposed to ask this. im new here. im trying to get my ps controller to work on the games here but i dont know how to go about it. i already have it connected to the computer. it works on my steam games, so i know its all connected right. any help will be great thank you.


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Broccoli-Ham Cheese Pie
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—Nancy Granaman, Burlington, Iowa
Ham-Stuffed Jumbo Shells
This is a good way to use up leftover ham. I made Ham-Stuffed Jumbo Shells for a family reunion, and the dish came back empty. I also received a lot of requests for the recipe.
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Ham and Corn Souffle
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Cheesy Broccoli Cauliflower Casserole
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What's New
In Memoriam: Patricia "Patti" Bland
FaithTrust Institute joins our friends around the country in mourning the passing of Patti Bland, who worked tirelessly on behalf of women and children impacted by domestic violence and chemical dependency. Read more...
Julie Owens Featured in Charlotte Magazine
One of FaithTrust Institute's favorite people has been featured in Charlotte Magazine for the work she's doing to protect domestic violence survivors and educate faith communities. Julie was featured in our video "Broken Vows," which remains an important cornerstone in our trainings and workshops. In October, Julie will lead FaithTrust Institute workshops for United Methodist Women as part of their Domestic Violence Awareness Campaign. Read more...
Recent Blog Posts
In the Bleak Midwinter
My favorite hymn of the season is "In the Bleak Midwinter" written by the English poet Christina Rossetti in 1872. It begins by describing the environs that we in the northern hemisphere experience in December: "In the bleak mid-winter Frosty wind made moan, Earth stood hard as iron, Water like a stone; Snow had fallen, snow on snow, Snow on snow, In the bleak mid-winter Long ago."
Another Day After: Ferguson, MO
On this day after the announcement by St. Louis County Prosecutor Robert McCulloch, it is cold, dark and rainy here in Seattle. The weather seems fitting somehow to reflect the despair and hopelessness that so many people are feeling. The announcement that there would be no Grand Jury indictment of the police officer who fired 12 shots to kill a young black man in Ferguson, MO, was made under the cover of darkness because it was shameful. The justice system failed.
16 Days: From Peaceful Homes to a Peaceful World
"From Peaceful Homes to a Peaceful World" is the theme of 16 Days. Take a moment to reflect on where we would be if the vibrant, curious girls of the world had been able to develop and grow as God intended. Imagine the things they could have accomplished had they been spared their suffering. Celebrate the amazing things we have accomplished, despite it all.


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HBO, 'Homeland' lead TCA noms
Cable drama reigned supreme in the nominations for the 28th annual Television Critics Assn. Awards.
Cable drama reigned supreme in the nominations for the 28th annual Television Critics Assn. Awards.
New Emmy hopefuls will have to find spots amid these 2011 nominees eligible for a repeat
Expanding noms for dramas, comedies not in the cards
If makers of miniseries and made-for-TV movies felt the squeeze when their Emmy categories merged two years ago, they're inhaling more deeply now.
The Variety Road to the Emmys feature coverage begins now with the online launch of our Emmy Preview section, the first of many we'll have for you during the nominations period this month. The…
Michael Jai White and Lynn Whitfield will star in "Somebody's Child," an original telepic for GMC.
Via Funny or Die.
Buoyed by cult favorites "Community" and "Parks and Recreation," NBC topped all networks with 14 nominations for the second annual Critics Choice Television Awards.
The second-annual Critics Choice Television Awards have a ways to go to reach higher levels of significance, but it's worth pointing out some of the nice ways the Broadcast Television Journalists…
The most popular cable series among preschoolers, "Doc McStuffins," has earned a second-season renewal from Disney Channel and sibling Disney Junior.


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- Lifecycle
- Handiwork
- Rituals of the Body
- Devotion
- Medicine
Devotion permeated all aspects of daily life in the Renaissance. Although traditional forms of prayer continued, some new practices emerged, bringing with them new objects.
People believed that holy images were an embodiment of the divine. This gave them an active power, and for this reason, they were often covered when not in use. Women could be reprimanded for allowing the images to see them while they were inappropriately dressed or applying cosmetics.
Households displayed religious art throughout the interior to advertise their faith and encourage good behaviour. In the late 16th century, the religious reforms of the Council of Trent imposed a degree of control over these images and also encouraged elite families to build their own domestic chapels.
"As soon as you wake up, say the 'Blessed are you, Lord'. Then take care of household chores: call the servants who have not got up; set up and prepare the fire; sweep the house; put the midday meal on the fire; dress the children; make the beds; and do all the other things that belong to that hour. Then for about half an hour, if it can be managed, remain in prayer. If you can spare a little time before lunch, return to praying on your knees."
From a conduct book for young women
(Giovanni di Dio, Decor puellarum, 1471)


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Free yoga classes are offered on Wednesdays and Fridays in the MUB from 12-1pm to students.
How To Access:
No registration is required. Bring your own yoga mat or towel. Classes are Wednesdays and Fridays, 12 noon-1pm, Wildcat Den, MUB.
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- Home
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- Nutrition
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- Cost Variation
- Appropriate Emergency Room Use
- Avoid Duplicate Radiologic Testing
- Increase Generic Drug Use
- Use Independent Labs
- Healthcare Spending
- Establish a Medical Home
- Understanding Health Insurance
- Using the Health Education Benefit on Campus
- USNH Benefit Resources
- Health Blog
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Halloween Costumes
Find a Conversation
|Thu, 10-06-2011 - 2:16pm
Do your kids know what they want to be for Halloween?
Ian, for some reason, wants to be the Scream guy.
|Sat, 10-08-2011 - 7:19pm
I make the kids pick early so I can make the costumes as needed.
Alex (9) wants to be Donkey Kong, Nathan (7) I talked into Jack Sparrow since he has the hat/wig and sword, Luke (almost 4) want to be a person from Tron, and I picked Patrick Star (from Sponge Bob) for JT.
I'm most of the way done with Alex and JTs. Nathan I still need to make the vest and shirt and Luke I'm just painting glow in the dark designs on a black turtleneck and black pants.
|Sat, 10-08-2011 - 11:51pm
|Mon, 10-10-2011 - 10:56am
|Mon, 10-10-2011 - 10:58am
You have to post a photo of your little sock monkey! How long do you think it will take you to make the costume?
|Mon, 10-10-2011 - 11:51am
|Tue, 10-11-2011 - 12:42am
|Tue, 10-11-2011 - 8:28am
|Tue, 10-11-2011 - 5:35pm
I normally don't sew much except baby blankets for shower gifts and the occasional repair but I've always looked forward to making my kids' Halloween costumes. My mom taught me to sew when I was a kid and I did a lot of sewing for 4-H projects. I see myself sewing a lot more now though. I did get my machine un-jammed so I guess I'd better take advantage of nap time and go finish sewing the cuffs on! :) I'll get pics up as soon as I can!
|Wed, 10-12-2011 - 3:04pm
Done!! Here's my little guy's sock monkey costume. I found the hat on Etsy and made the rest. I'm feeling pretty full of myself right now! Its been a long time (like 15 years) since I made anything so ambitious. First zipper I've ever done too! Turns out it wasn't too hard. I had to take the sleeves off cause I put them on upside down (not paying attention) but other than that, between youtube videos and inspecting pajamas that he already has, it was actually not too difficult. The tail is just safety pinned on so that it will be easily removable when this outfit becomes pajamas after Halloween.