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Arts Talk
Join the A&E team's discussion of the arts in the Capital Region
Monthly Archive for March, 2011
Syracuse Symphony Orchestra suspends rest of season
In the Capital Region, we've heard about our arts institutions being in trouble. And the loss of the New York State Theater Institute has been a major hit to the cultural landscape. Though that theater group had a lot to do with state funding, it does seem hard to believe what the Capital Region would […] [Read More]
Arts news from all over
Wednesday edition: New play's title, "The Escort," presents huge challenge in mounting an ad campaign. Revival of original version of "Grease" is R-rated — more John Gotti than the familar version's Pee-Wee Herman — and sells out Chicago run. Ticket resellers getting scalped on Charlie Sheen tour. New Smithsonian chief wounded in cultural crossfire. Legendary […] [Read More]
Clement Art Gallery seeks small works
Clement Art Gallery at 201 Broadway in Troy has issued a call for artists for small works for a summer show: Call For Art: Small Works Summer Salon: July 29 -Aug 25, 2011. Artists in all media except video and computer graphics may apply. Works must be under 10″ in longest direction framed, sculpture must […] [Read More]
Silent art auction at RPI to benefit Japan
Artists who have exhibited at RPI's Shelnutt Gallery over the past 10 years have donated a painting or other artwork for a silent auction to take place at RPI' s Student Union on Wednesday and Thursday. Bidding for the auction will conclude on Thursday at 7:30 pm – at the end of the artists' reception. […] [Read More]
Michael Bublé coming to Times Union Center
The contemporary crooner Michael Bublé will make a concert stop at the Times Union Center in Albany at 8 p.m. Saturday, June 18. Tickets — priced at $52.50, $68 and $92.50 — go on sale at 10 a.m. Friday (4/1). They will be available at the area box office (51 South Pearl St.), online, at […] [Read More]
Pace student from Albany among winners of short film competition
Pedro Rivera from Albany and other Pace University students who worked on a documentary have won "Best in Category" in the 2010 Indie Short Film Competition. [Read More]
John Doe & Jill Sobule @ Club Helsinki, 3/28/11
By GREG HAYMES Special to the Times Union HUDSON – No question about it, it's a kind of odd couple pairing. John Doe, one of the driving wheels behind the LA punk pioneering band X, and Jill Sobule, the sublime popster who scored a major hit with "I Kissed a Girl" long before Katie Perry ever […] [Read More]
Peter Gabriel coming June 27 to SPAC; tickets on sale April 4
Peter Gabriel and his New Blood Orchestra will perform Monday, June 27, at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center in Saratoga Springs, the concert promoter Live Nation has announced. Tickets for the 8 p.m. show go on sale at 10 a.m. Monday, April 4. This will be a pavilion-only performance, and tickets are $150, $95 and […] [Read More]
Big Picture: An entrance into modern dance
The recent death of "Pat" Peterson, a champion of dance in the Capital Region, got me thinking more about dance. It's hard not to, considering the region offers plenty of dance opportunities. Why, just this week Nicole Beutler will be performing at EMPAC on Thursday and Friday, the new Next Move Dance Festival with four dance companies will […] [Read More]
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Crying babies
- 0Dec 9, '13 by HyperSaurus, RNI've been trolling through a lot of the older threads here lately, just trying to soak up anything I can--Merenstein and Gardner is my friend.
Last night was my first night on my own (just doing feeder/growers right now). I have one infant who is a bit of an oddball--a bit 'neuro-y' as some other nurses have described her. When she's mad (and it's not hard to get her mad), she arches like crazy, some cortical thumbing has been noted, and she's really hard to console. She gets so frantic that she won't suck on her pacifier, instead she just continually roots. She doesn't nipple particularly well. She scooches herself out of her swaddle.
She sometimes calms with cuddles, tight swaddling, or being held in a 'centered' position (arms in, legs bunched up, upright against the chest), but not always.
It's hard not to get flustered with her (esp since I'm new and not particularly adept at methods of consoling or cuddling or even keeping that stream of soothing talk that other nurses do)
I'm not sure if I'm asking anything particular right now--is it normal to get flustered with a kid like that (I've seen references here to dreams of jumping out a window to escape screaming babies), or are there any good ideas to calm a baby?Last edit by Joe V on Dec 11, '13 : Reason: spacing
- 5Dec 9, '13 by Bortaz, RN, ADNI've been known to ask for an assignment change after 3 or 4 days of a baby like yours. I don't think it's odd at all to be frustrated. A lot of times I just put them in the crib, swaddled tightly, and walk away to do something else. Just let her cry. Sometimes that's all you CAN do.
- 3Dec 9, '13 by zeus&lincolnThe description you provided of that baby sounds like a lot of our NAS (drug w/d) babies on the unit. They do tend to be "extremely fussy." It sounds like you are doing all the "right" things. It is totally ok to be frustrated and I think the fact that you recognize it is awesome! I have no particular suggestions, I just wanted to see what other, way more experienced nurses had to say about this-- great post!
- 2Dec 10, '13 by Bortaz, RN, ADNIf all else fails, pinch them.
- 0Dec 10, '13 by PurpleLoverQuote from Bortaz, RNLmfaooooIf all else fails, pinch them.
- 0Dec 10, '13 by HyperSaurus, RNI've had several ask me if she was a NAS baby. Nope, just an odd, crabby, duck.
- 1Dec 11, '13 by milkglassWithdrawal and neuro babies are tough no matter how long you've been there. I agree with the walking away and letting her cry at some points, and I agree with trading assignments (sometimes we do even after one shift). Otherwise it sounds like you're doing everything right!
Sometimes we use vibrating chairs, swings, and a fancy "swing" chair brand called a Mamaroo which as been a complete sanity saver for the withdrawal kids! Not sure if a neuro kid will like that stimulation, we haven't had any in a long while.
- 5Dec 11, '13 by Bortaz, RN, ADNI also have been successful using my iPod on my phone to play them some soothing music. Can't do that much now, because there's one particular heifer on my unit that will write you up for doing it, because she's convinced it's "the wrong kind of music" and non-therapeutic.
I hate my job sometimes.

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State of Nevada v. Grimes
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First experimental demonstration of the multipotential carcinogenic effects of aspartame administered in the feed to Sprague-Dawley rats.
Consumers are increasingly concerned about the quality and safety of many products present in the diet of industrialized countries, in particular, the use of artificial sweeteners, flavorings, colorings, preservatives, and dietary supplements. General apprehension also exists regarding the possible long-term health effects of the raw materials and technologies used for the packaging, sterilization, and distribution of foods. Of particular concern are the potential carcinogenic effects of these products and processes.
The experimental and epidemiologic data currently available to evaluate the above carcinogenic risks are insufficient and often unreliable because of the inadequate planning and conduct of previous experiments. This inadequacy, combined with the general limited knowledge about the safety and potential carcinogenic effects of substances widely present in the industrialized diet, motivated the design of an integrated project of mega-experiments in 1985 at the Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC) of the European Ramazzini Foundation (ERF). The products studied are reported in Table 1. The products and agents we selected for this project were those for which committee debate and opinions had often acted as surrogates for good laboratory work. At present, over the course of the project, 32 long-term bioassays have been performed using > 25,000 rodents. Studies have evaluated the carcinogenicity of 12 different products, including the artificial sweetener aspartame (APM).
In this article we present the results of the mega-experiment on the carcinogenicity of APM in which the sweetener was administered in feed to Sprague-Dawley rats for the life span.
APM, the methyl ester of the dipeptide L-[alpha]-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine ([C.sub.14][H.sub.18][N.sub.2][O.sub.5]), is a widely used artificial sweetener with a molecular weight of 294.3. Under particular conditions (extreme pH, high temperature, lengthy storage times), APM may be contaminated by the diketopiperazine (DKP) cycloaspartylphenylalanine (Butchko et al. 2002a).
For more than 30 years, APM has been widely used as a food additive because of its very strong, sweet taste. The sweetening power of APM is estimated to be 200 times that of sucrose, whereas saccharin and cyclamate are 300 and 30 times sweeter, respectively (Mazur 1984).
Initial commercial approval of APM in the United States was granted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA 1974). The FDA later approved the limited use of APM in solid foods in 1981 and extended this authorization to soft drinks in 1983. APM was eventually approved as a general sweetener in 1996 (FDA 1981, 1983, 1996). In the European Union, the safe use of APM was authorized in 1994 (EC Directive 1994).
After saccharin, APM is the second most used artificial sweetener in the world. It is estimated that > 8,000 tons of APM are consumed each year in the United States (Hazardous Substances Data Bank 2005). In terms of world consumption, APM represents 62% of the value of the intense sweetener market (Fry 1999).
APM is found in > 6,000 products, including carbonated and powdered soft drinks, hot chocolate, chewing gum, candy, desserts, yogurt, tabletop sweeteners, and some pharmaceutical products, such as vitamins and sugar-free cough drops, and is estimated by the Aspartame Information Center (2005) to be consumed by > 200 million people worldwide.
Through dietary surveys performed in the United States among APM consumers during the period 1984-1992, the average APM daily intake in the general population has been shown to range from 2 to 3 mg/kg body weight (bw). Consumption by children 2-5 years of age and by females of childbearing age in these surveys ranged from about 2.5 to 5 mg/kg bw/day (Butchko et al. 2002b). APM intake was also monitored in several other regions, including seven European countries. Although survey methodologies may have differed, the APM intake was remarkably consistent across studies and was well below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) both in the United States (50 mg/kg bw) and in Europe (40 mg/kg bw) (Butchko et al. 2002b).
Investigations into the metabolism of APM have shown that, in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans, it is metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract into three constituents--aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol--which are absorbed into the systemic circulation (Ranney et al. 1976). For each molecule of APM, one molecule of each constituent is produced. After absorption, they are then used, metabolized, and/or excreted by the body following the same metabolic pathways as when consumed through the ordinary diet: aspartate is transformed into alanine plus oxaloacetate (Stegink 1984); phenylalanine is transformed mainly into tyrosine and, to a smaller extent, phenylethylamine and phenylpyruvate (Harper 1984); and methanol is transformed into formaldehyde and then to formic add (Opperman 1984).
APM was not genotoxic in the following tests: dominant lethal mutation assay in rats, host-mediated assay in rats and mice, in vivo cytogenetic assay in rats, and the Ames test (Kotsonis and Hjelle 1996). Results of an assay to measure induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes treated with APM in vitro were negative, indicating the absence of APM-induced DNA damage (Jeffrey and Williams 2000). In a test for the induction of chromosomal aberration in bone marrow cells of male Swiss mice, Mukhopadhyay et al. (2000) reported that a mixture of APM (up to 350 mg/kg) and a second sweetener, acesulfame potassium (up to 150 mg/kg) administered by gavage was negative. However, a dose-related increase in the percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations was noted with increasing doses of the two sweeteners, even though the increase was not statistically significant (Mukhopadhyay et al. 2000).
Two long-term feeding carcinogenicity bioassays on APM were performed on rats and one on mice in the early 1970s by the producer Searle & Co. Results were reviewed by the FDA and then summarized in the Federal Register (FDA 1981). To date, the details of the experiments have not been published.
In the first study, groups of 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 1, 2, 4, or 6--8 g/kg bw/day of APM in the diet. The treatment started at 4 weeks of age and lasted for a period of 104 weeks. A control group of 60 rats per sex was fed the same diet without APM. At the end of the treatment, all surviving animals were sacrificed and their brains, as well as other organs (not specified in the report), were examined histologically. Brain tumors were observed in 7 of 155 (4.5%) exposed males versus 1 of 59 (1.7%) controls, and in 5 of 158 (3.2%) exposed females versus 0 of 59 (0%) controls. Overall, the FDA considered the study to be negative with regard to the carcinogenicity of APM (FDA 1981).
In the second study, groups of 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to APM, at doses of 2 and 4 g/kg bw/day, through their mothers' diet both in utero and during lactation, and then for 104 weeks with APM in their own diets. A control group of 60 rats per sex was fed the same diet without APM. The animals were necropsied at the time of death or at 104 weeks after weaning. Three brain tumors were observed among control males and one among control females. Brain tumors were also observed in two males and one female in the 2 g/kg bw group, and in one male and one female in the 4 g/kg bw group. Again, the FDA considered the study to be negative with regard to the carcinogenicity of APM (FDA 1981).
Regarding the third chronic APM study, in this case performed on mice, the FDA reported that the results did not show any treatment-related carcinogenic effect. In this experiment, as reported by Molinary (1984), groups of 36 male and 36 female mice were fed 1, 2, or 4 g/kg bw/day until 110 weeks of age. A group of 72 males and 72 females served as the control. There were no treatment-related effects on survival and behavior, nor were any lesions recorded during macroscopic or microscopic analysis.
An APM carcinogenicity study was also conducted in Japan during this period (Ishii 1981; Ishii et al. 1981). Groups of 86 male and 86 female Wistar rats were treated with APM in feed at doses of 0, 1, 2, or 4 g/kg bw/day from 6 to 110 weeks of age. No increase in the incidence of brain tumors was observed in the treated groups compared with the controls. Exhaustive experimental details of this study were not published.
Epidemiologic studies to evaluate the relationship between APM intake and cancer development in humans are not currently available.
Although all of the aforementioned studies were considered negative with respect to the carcinogenicity of APM, in our opinion, these studies did not comply with today's basic requirements for testing the carcinogenic potential of a physical or chemical agent, in particular concerning the number of animals for each experimental group and the duration of the experiment until 110 weeks of age of the animals.
For these reasons, and in light of the ever-increasing diffusion of APM in the diet of industrialized countries (particularly in products consumed by young children and pregnant women), we considered it important to perform a mega-experiment following today's internationally recognized good laboratory practices for carcinogenicity bioassays and, more specifically, the life-span carcinogenicity bioassay design followed for many years at the CMCRC and described in previous publications (Soffritri et al. 1999, 2002c).
Materials and Methods
APM, as a food-grade material, was produced by Nutrasweet and supplied by Giusto Faravelli S.p.A. (Milan, Italy). Its purity was > 98%: DKP was < 1.5% and L-phenylalanine was < 0.5%. An infrared absorption spectrophotometer assay was used to determine APM purity. An assumed daily intake by humans of 5,000, 2,500, 500, 100, 20, 4, or 0 mg/kg bw was simulated by adding APM to the standard Corticella diet (Laboratori Dottori Piccioni, Milan Italy), used for 30 years at the CMCRC/ERF laboratory, at concentrations of 100,000, 50,000, 10,000, 2,000, 400, 80, or 0 ppm. The APM daily assumption in milligrams per kilogram body weight was calculated considering the average weight of a rat for the duration of the experiment as 400 g, and the average consumption of feed as 20 g/day, both for males and females. APM was administered with feed ad libitum to Sprague-Dawley rats (100-150/sex/group). The experiment started when the animals were 8 weeks of age, and the treatment lasted until natural death. Control animals received the same feed without APM. The experiment was conducted according to Italian law regulating the use of animals for scientific purposes (Decreto Legislativo 116 1992), which provides the guidelines on how to treat animals humanely and without suffering.
Rodents used for the experiment were male and female Sprague-Dawley rats from the colony of the CMCRC/ERF. This colony of rats has been employed for various experiments in the laboratory for nearly 30 years, and extensive historical data are available on the tumor incidence among untreated rats. All control animals were monitored for feed and water consumption and body weight for their life span and, upon death, underwent complete necropsy and histopathologic evaluation.
The health status of the animals was regularly checked by the veterinarians of the local and national health services. Before matching, the breeders were clinically observed for their health status, in order to exclude any diseased animals, and the experimental animals were clinically examined monthly until the end of the experiment.
At 4-5 weeks of age, after weaning, the experimental animals were randomized in order to have no more than one male and one female from each litter in the same group. They were then housed, in groups of five, in Makrolon cages (41 cm x 25 cm x 15 cm), with stainless-steel wire tops and a shallow layer of white wood shavings as bedding, and kept in rooms used only for this experiment, at a temperature of 23 [+ or -] 2[degrees]C and relative humidity of 50-60%.
Once a week for the first 13 weeks, then every 2 weeks until the rats were 110 weeks of age, the mean daily drinking water and feed consumption was measured per cage, and body weight was measured individually. Measurement of body weight continued every 8 weeks until the end of the experiment. The animals were clinically examined for gross changes every 2 weeks for the duration of the experiment. To evaluate the status and behavior of the animals and to limit the postmortem modifications (pmm), a patrol was performed three times daily from Monday through Friday and twice on Saturdays and Sundays and holidays. Dead animals were registered and kept refrigerated at 4[degrees]C until necropsy. Based on this procedure [part of our longstanding standard operating procedures (SOP)], very few animals were affected by pmm, and only on very rare occasions did this interfere with the ability to histologically diagnose and interpret some lesions.
The biophase ended at 151 weeks, with the death of the last animal at the age of 159 weeks. Upon death, the animals underwent complete necropsy. Histopathology was routinely performed on the following organs and tissues of each animal from each group: skin and subcutaneous tissue, mammary gland, the brain (three sagittal sections), pituitary gland, Zymbal glands, salivary glands, Harderian glands, cranium (five sections, with oral and nasal cavities and external and internal ear ducts), tongue, thyroid, parathyroid, pharynx, larynx, thymus and mediastinal lymph nodes, trachea, lung and mainstem bronchi, heart, diaphragm, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, esophagus, stomach (fore and glandular), intestine (four levels), urinary bladder, prostate, gonads, interscapular brown fat pad, subcutaneous and mesenteric lymph nodes, and other organs or tissues with pathologic lesions. All organs and tissues were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol, except for bones, which were fixed in 10% formalin and then decalcified with 10% formaldehyde and 20% formic acid in water solution. The normal specimens were trimmed following the CMCRC/ERF laboratory SOP. Trimmed specimens were processed as paraffin blocks, and 3-5 [micro]m sections of every specimen were obtained.
Sections were routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Immunohistochemical staining for $100 was performed to characterize malignant schwannoma, whereas chromogranin A staining was used to characterize olfactory neuroblastomas. For $100 staining, we used a polyclonal rabbit anti-S100 (Z0311; Dakocytomation, Carpinteria, CA, USA) as primary antibody, whereas for chromogranin A staining, we used a polyclonal rabbit anti-human chromogranin A (N1535, Dakocytomation) (Information Center for Immunohistochemistry 2005).
Two statistical tests were used to analyze neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesion incidence data. We used the Cochran-Armitage trend test (Armitage 1971; Gartet al. 1979) in test for linear trends in tumor incidence. We also used the poly-k test (Bailer and Portier 1988; Piegorsch and Bailer 1997; Portier and Bailer 1989), a survival-adjusted quantal response modification of the Cochran-Armitage test that takes survival into account. The tests used and the resulting p-values are reported in the tables.
The study proceeded smoothly without unexpected occurrences. We observed no differences in water consumption between the treated and the untreated groups, whereas a dose-related difference in feed consumption was observed between the various treated groups and the control group in both males and females (Figure 1A, B). No substantial differences in mean body weight were observed between the treated and control groups, apart from a slight decrease in females treated at 100,000 ppm APM (Figure 1C). No substantial difference in survival was observed among the groups (Figure 1D,E).
No evident behavioral changes were observed among treated animals compared with controls. In animals exposed to the highest dose of APM, yellowing of the coat was observed; this change had previously been observed in our laboratory in rats exposed to formaldehyde administered with drinking water (Soffritti et al. 2002b).
The carcinogenic effects of APM are reported in Table 2 for males and Table 3 for females. Multiple tumors of different types and sites; of different types in the same site; of the same types in bilateral organ; of the same types in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or mammary glands; or at distant sites of diffuse tissue (i.e., bones and skeletal muscle) were plotted as single/independent tumors. Multiple tumors of the same type in the same tissue and organ, apart those above mentioned, were plotted only once.
Total malignant tumors. The incidence of animals bearing malignant tumors occurred with a significant positive trend in males (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) and in females (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), as reported in Tables 2 and 3. A statistically significant increase of the incidence of malignant tumors was observed in females treated at 50,000 ppm (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) compared with the control group (Table 3). Tumor types that contributed most are presented below.
Lymphomas/leukemias. The data on the occurrence of lymphomas/leukemias, reported in Tables 2 and 3, indicate that APM causes a significant positive trend in males (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) and in females (p [less than or equal to] 0.01). Compared with untreated control groups, the increased incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in treated females was statistically significant at doses of 100,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 50,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 10,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.05), 2,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.05), or 400 ppm (p [less than or equal to] 0.01). The most frequent histocytotypes observed in the experiment were lymphoimmunoblastic lymphomas, mainly involving lung and mediastinal/peripheral nodes, and histiocytic sarcomas, involving mainly lung, liver, spleen, and nodes. The distribution of lymphomas/leukemias by histocytotypes is presented in Table 4. The differential diagnoses were based on the morphologic criteria followed in our laboratory for several decades and are in line with the guidelines of the International Classification of Rodent Tumors [International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 1993]. Lymphomas/leukemias (this term includes all types of hemolymphosarcomas and leukemias) are neoplasias arising from hemolymphoreticular tissues, and their aggregation is widely used in experimental carcinogenesis because both solid and circulating phases are present in many lymphoid neoplasms, and distinction between them is artificial (Harris et al. 2001).
Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the renal pelvis and ureter. The incidences of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the transitional cell epithelium of the renal pelvis and ureter are reported in Tables 2 and 3. A dose-related increase in the incidence of dysplastic hyperplasias and dysplastic papillomas of the renal pelvis and ureter was observed in females. Carcinomas in females occurred with a positive trend (p [less than or equal to] 0.05), and the incidence in females exposed at 100,000 ppm was significantly higher (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) compared with the controls. Carcinomas were also observed among males treated at 100,000, 50,000, 10,000, or 2,000 ppm. In females, dysplastic lesions and carcinomas combined show a significant positive trend (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) and a statistically significant increase in those treated at 100,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 50,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 10,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 2,000 (p [less than or equal to]0.05), or 400 ppm (p [less than or equal to] 0.05). A 3-fold increase is also observed in the group treated with 80 ppm. We did not observe substantial differences in the incidence of inflammation between males and females treated at the different doses, compared with controls. Increased incidence of calcification was observed in females, particularly in those treated at 100,000 ppm (39%), 50,000 ppm (25%), or 10,000 ppm (19%), compared with controls (8%); this effect was not observed in males. Although transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter are extremely rare in male and female untreated rats, the APM male and female groups had a total of 21 transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis, whereas the controls had none. Microscopically, the carcinomas were invading, with various levels of extension, the papilla and the kidney parenchyma; the cells were of transitional type, and several mitotic figures were present (Figure 2A, B).
Malignant schwannomas of peripheral nerves. As shown in Table 2, the incidence of malignant schwannomas of the peripheral nerves occurred with a positive trend (p [less than or equal to]0.05) in males. In females, nine malignancies were observed among treated animals of the different dosage groups, and none among the controls (Table 3). All lesions, in males and females, diagnosed as malignant schwannomas were positive for $100 staining. The most frequent site of origin of the malignant schwannomas was in the cranial nerves (72%); the other cases arose at the spinal nerve roots. Microscopically, malignant schwannomas invaded the soft tissues locally. Metastases of cranial nerve malignant schwannomas were observed in three males treated at the highest dose. The metastases were found in submandibular lymph nodes in two cases, and the tumor metastatized to the lung and liver in one case. Histologically the feature of malignant schwannomas was Antoni B type (Figure 2C,D).
Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the olfactory epithelium. Incidence of hyperplasia of the olfactory epithelium increased with a significant positive trend in males and females. The observed incidences were, respectively, 14.0% and 18.0% in males and females exposed at 100,000 ppm, 12.0% and 21.0% at 50,000 ppm, 7.0% and 17.0% at 10,000 ppm, 2.7% and 8.7% at 2,000 ppm, 6.0% and 7.3% at 400 ppm, 2.0% and 3.3% at 80 ppm, and 0.7% and 4.0% at 0 ppm. The differences were statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) at 100,000, 50,000, or 10,000 ppm in both males and females and at 400 ppm in males. Among females treated at the highest dose, one case of dysplastic hyperplasia, one adenoma, and one olfactory neuroblastoma were observed. The neuroblastoma invaded the cranium, compressing the forebrain, and was positive for chromogranin A immunohistochemical staining.
Malignant brain tumors. Concerning the incidence of malignant tumors in the brain, it should be noted that, as previously reported (Soffritti et al. 2005), 12 malignant tumors (10 gliomas, 1 medulloblastoma and 1 meningioma) were observed, without dose relationship, in male and female APM-treated groups, whereas none were observed in controls.
Other malignant tumors. The other malignant tumors were among those commonly observed in Sprague-Dawley rats, apart from two transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder observed in males exposed to 10,000 ppm, one in females exposed to 2,000 ppm, and none among the controls. Because this type of tumor is extremely rare among the historical controls of our colony of Sprague-Dawley rats, this occurrence cannot be disregarded.
Historical controls. Over the last 20 years in our laboratory, when we consider only groups of > 100 animals/sex, the numbers of the untreated males and females total 1,934 and 1,945 respectively. Concerning the renal pelvis and ureter transitional cell carcinomas, no carcinomas were observed in either males or females. The overall incidence of malignant schwannomas was 0.5% (range, 0-2.0%) in males and 0.1% (range, 0-1.0%) in females. The overall incidence of lymphomas/ leukemias was 20.7% (range, 8.0-30.9%) in males and 12.4% (range, 7.0-18.4%) in females. The overall incidence of olfactory neuroblastoma was 0.1% (0-1.8%) in both males and females.
When we also consider control groups of < 100 animals/sex, the numbers of untreated males and females total 2,265 and 2,274, respectively. The overall incidence of the renal pelvis and ureter transitional cell carcinomas was 0.04% (range, 0-1.0%) in females, whereas no carcinomas were observed in males. The overall incidence of malignant schwannomas was 0.4% (range, 0-2.0%) in males and 0.1% (range, 0-2.0%) in females. The overall incidence of lymphomas/leukemias was 20.6% (range, 8.0-30.9%) in males and 13.3% (range, 4.0-25.0%) in females. The overall incidence of olfactory neuroblastomas was 0.1% (range, 0-1.8%) in both males and females.
The mega-experiment performed in our laboratory on APM (administered with feed to Sprague-Dawley rats from 8 weeks of age until natural death) has shown for the first time the muhipotential carcinogenic effects of this compound. In fact, the results indicate that APM causes, in our experimental conditions, a) an increased incidence of malignant-tumor-bearing animals with a positive significant trend in males (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) and in females (p [less than or equal to]0.01), particularly in the females treated at 50,000 ppm (p [less than or equal to] 0.01); b) a statistically significant dose-related increase of the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in females treated at the doses of 100,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 50,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 10,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.05), 2,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.05), or 400 ppm (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) and a positive significant trend in both males (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) and females (p [less than or equal to]0.01); c) in females, dysplastic lesions and carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter combined show a significant positive trend (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) and a statistically significant increase in those treated at 100,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 50,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 10,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.01), 2,000 (p [less than or equal to] 0.05), or 400 ppm (p [less than or equal to] 0.05); and d) an increased incidence of malignant schwannomas of the peripheral nerves with a positive trend (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) in males.
The increase in lymphomas/leukemias in APM-treated females could be related to its metabolite methanol, which is in turn metabolized to formaldehyde in both humans and rats (Ranney et al. 1976). In fact, previous experiments performed at the CMCRC laboratory have shown that a) methanol administered in drinking water, at doses ranging from 20,000 to 500 ppm, induced a statistically significant increase in the incidence of lymphomas/ leukemias in female rats (Soffritti et al. 2002a); b) a dose-related increase in the incidence of lymphomas/leukemias was also observed in females treated with formaldehyde, administered in drinking water at doses ranging from 1,500 to 50 ppm (Soffritti et al. 1989, 2002b); and c) the same effect was observed in females treated with the gasoline oxygenated additive methyt-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which metabolizes to methanol (Belpoggi et al. 1995).
The important role of formaldehyde in the induction of hematologic malignancies in rodents is further highlighted by these results. In a recent reevaluation of the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde by the IARC (in press), strong (although not considered sufficient) evidence of an association between formaldehyde exposure and leukemias in humans was found.
Moreover, carcinogenic effects for the renal pelvis and ureter, peripheral nerves and proliferative changes of the olfactory epithelium were not observed in the long-term bioassays performed in the same conditions at the CMCRC on methanol, MTBE, or formaldehyde. To investigate if the other two metabolites of APM are responsible for inducing these lesions, it is of paramount importance to perform adequate life-span carcinogenicity studies on aspartic acid or phenylalanine.
In a long-term carcinogenicity study on monosodium aspartate (MSA) administered with drinking water to groups of 50 male and 50 female Fischer-344 rats (beginning at 6 weeks of age for 100 weeks and then sacrificed), a dose-related hyperplasia of the renal pelvis was observed in males and in females (Kitahori et am. 1996). The same effect was found by the same group of investigators in another study in which MSA was administered in drinking water to groups of male and female Fischer-344 rats to evaluate its promoting activity of carcinogenesis of the transitional epithelium of the renal pelvis (Kitamura et al. 1996). In both studies, clear evidence was provided of a relationship between MSA treatment and transitional cell hyperplasia. The authors indicated that calcification could have an important role in inducing simple and papillary hyperplasia of the renal pelvis transitional cell epithelium and, consequently, in the induction of transitional cell tumors. In our study performed on 1,800 Sprague-Dawley rats, which are less susceptible to the spontaneous development of nephropathies than Fischer rats, we observed a dose-related, statistically significant increase in the incidence of dysplastic hyperplasia and carcinoma of the renal pelvis in females, but none in males, compared with the controls. The fact that we observed an increased incidence of kidney calcification in females and not in males, compared with the controls, gives added weight to the hypothesis that aspartic acid may cause preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the renal pelvis, and that calcification may be the mechanism responsible for this effect.
The carcinogenic effects of APM observed in our experiment are in contrast with the results obtained with long-term carcinogenicity bioassays, performed almost 30 years ago on Sprague-Dawley rats, which did not reveal APM to have any carcinogenic effects (FDA 1981). There are several reasons that can explain this difference. First of all, in our experiment the number of animals per sex per group was much greater, allowing a more thorough and reliable statistical analysis. Second, in our experiment, rodents were not killed at 110 weeks of age but rather were observed until natural death, to allow APM to fully express its carcinogenic potential. Had we stopped the experiments at 110 weeks of age, we would most likely never have demonstrated the carcinogenicity of important industrial compounds such as xylenes, mancozeb, vinyl acetate monomer (Soffritri et al. 2002c), and toluene (Soffritri et al. 2004).
Finally, concerning the absence of carcinogenic effects observed in the experiment performed on Wistar rats (Ishii 1981; Ishii et al. 1981), it cannot be disregarded that this strain is more resistant than Sprague-Dawley rats to developing cancer, a characteristic shown in our experiments on benzene (Maltoni et al. 1989). Moreover, the aforementioned experiment on Wistar rats was terminated at the age of 110 weeks. Given these differences, the results of the Wistar rat study are not comparable with those performed on Sprague-Dawley rats.
Our study shows that APM is a multi-potential carcinogenic compound whose carcinogenic effects are evident even at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg bw, much less than the current ADI for humans in Europe (40 mg/kg bw) and in the United States (50 mg/kg bw).
The results of carcinogenicity bioassays in rodents are consistent predictors of human cancer risks (Huff 1999; Rail 1995; Tomatis et al. 1989). The results of our study therefore call for an urgent reexamination of the present guidelines on the use and consumption of APM. The decision to use experimental data to protect public health is important because the time span of widespread APM use is still too brief to have produced solid epidemiologic data. Moreover, it is unlikely that sufficient epidemiologic data will be available in the near future, given the difficulty of finding a control group that has not been exposed to this widely diffused compound.
Received 3 October 2005; accepted 16 November 2005.
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Morando Soffritti, Fiorella Belpoggi, Davide Degli Esposti, Luca Lambertini, Eva Tibaldi, and Anna Rigano
Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy
Address correspondence to M. Soffritti, Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences, Castello di Bentivoglio, Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy. Telephone: 39-051-6640460. Fax: 39-051-6640223. E-mail: email@example.com
We thank the U.S. National Toxicology Program for convening a group of pathologists at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to provide a second opinion for a set of malignant lesions and their precursors related to aspartame treatment, and for their help in statistical analysis. We also thank all of the staff involved in the project.
This research was supported by the European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.
Address correspondence to M. Soffritti, Cesare of Protection of the Human Environment, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Telephone: +41 22 791 4979. Fax: +41 22 791 1383. E-mail. firstname.lastname@example.com
We thank F. Gore (WHO) and D. Barnes (World Bank) for their essential contributions to compiling the most up-to-date data on solid fuel use. We also thank S. Chatterji and N. Naidoo (WHO), who provided us with preliminary World Health Survey data and assistance in analyzing them, and L. Tzala (Imperial College London) for her analysis of the World Health Survey solid fuel use data. We are grateful to them and to C. Corvalan (WHO) for comments on the draft article.
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the World Health Organization or the Health Effects Institute.
The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.
Table 1. Beverages and diet products studied at the CMCRC/ERF: status of studies. Animals No. of Study No. Products bioassays Species No. status 1 Water in 2 Rat (a) 2,200 P (b) polyvinyl chloride bottles 2 Coca-Cola 4 Rat (a) 1,999 RP 3 Pepsi Cola 1 Rat 400 E 4 Ethyl alcohol 4 Rat, (a) 1,458 P (c) (10% vol/vol) mouse 5 Sucrose 1 Rat 400 E 6 APM 6 Rat, 4,460 BO, mouse (a) PP (d) 7 Sucralose 1 Mouse (a) 760 BO 8 Caffeine 1 Rat 800 E 9 Vitamin A 5 Rat 5,100 PP (e) 10 Vitamin C 5 Rat 3,680 E 11 Vitamin E 5 Rat 3,680 E 12 Feed sterilized by 1 Rat (a) 2,000 E gamma radiation Total 36 26,937 Abbreviations: BO, biophase ongoing; E, in elaboration; P, published; PP, partially published; RP, ready for publication. (a) Treatment started from embryonic life. (b) Data from Maltoni et al. (1997). (c) Data from Soffritti et al. (2002a). (d) Data from Soffritti et al. (2005). (d) Data from Soffritti et al. (1992). Table 2. Incidence of the preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in male Sprague-Dawley rats in a life-span feed carcinogenicity study of APM. Malignant tumors (a) Tumor-bearing Total tumors Animals animals (b) Dose, ppm at Per 100 (mg/kg bw) start No. % No. animals 100,000 (5,000) 100 43 43.0 55 55.0 50,000 (2,500) 100 38 38.0 45 45.0 10,000 (500) 100 34 34.0 42 42.0 2,000 (100) 150 60 40.0 69 46.0 400 (20) 150 48 32.0 52 34.7 80 (4) 150 44 29.3 49 32.7 0 (0) 150 53 35.3 * 59 39.3 Animals bearing dysplastic lesions and carcinomas of the renal pelvis and Total animals ureter (a) bearing lymphomas/ Dysplastic leukemias (a,b) hyperplasias Dose, ppm (mg/kg bw) No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 29 29.0 3 3.0 50,000 (2,500) 20 20.0 2 2.0 10,000 (500) 15 15.0 2 2.0 2,000 (100) 33 22.0 4 2.7 400 (20) 25 16.7 4 (c) 2.7 80 (4) 23 15.3 3 (c) 2.0 0 (0) 31 20.7 *,# 1 0.7 Animals bearing dysplastic lesions and carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter (a) Dysplastic papillomas Carcinomas Dose, ppm (mg/kg bw) No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 0 -- 1 1.0 50,000 (2,500) 0 -- 1 1.0 10,000 (500) 0 -- 1 1.0 2,000 (100) 0 -- 1 0.7 400 (20) 1 (c) 0.7 0 (c) -- 80 (4) 0 (c) -- 0 (c) -- 0 (0) 0 -- 0 -- Animals bearing dysplastic lesions Animals bearing and carcinomas of peripheral nerve the renal pelvis malignant and ureter (a) schwannomas (a) Total Cranial Dose, ppm (mg/kg bw) No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 4 4.0 3 3.0 50,000 (2,500) 3 3.0 3 3.0 10,000 (500) 3 3.0 2 2.0 2,000 (100) 5 3.3 2 1.3 400 (20) 5 (c) 3.4 1 0.7 80 (4) 3 (c) 2.0 1 0.7 0 (0) 1 0.7 1 0.7 Animals bearing peripheral nerve malignant schwannomas (a) Other sites Total (b) Dose, ppm (mg/kg bw) No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 1 1.0 4 4.0 50,000 (2,500) 0 -- 3 3.0 10,000 (500) 0 -- 2 2.0 2,000 (100) 0 -- 2 1.3 400 (20) 2 1.3 3 2.0 80 (4) 0 -- 1 0.7 0 (0) 0 -- 1 0.7 *,# (a) The tumor rates are based on the number of animals examined (necropsied). (b) p-Values associated with the trend test are near the control incidence. (c) Tissues from 149 animals were analyzed. * Statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) using Cochran-Armitage test. # Statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) using poly-k test (k = 3). Table 3. Incidence of the preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in female Sprague-Dawley rats in a life-span feed carcinogenicity study of APM. Malignant tumors (a) Tumor-bearing Total tumors Animals animals (b,c) at Per 100 start No. % No. animals 100,000 (5,000) 100 51 51.0 64 64.0 50,000 (2,500) 100 58 58.0 # 84 84.0 10,000 (500) 100 40 40.0 62 62.0 2,000 (100) 150 67 44.7 86 57.3 400 (20) 150 70 46.7 95 63.3 80 (4) 150 64 42.7 85 56.7 0 (0) 150 55 36.7 ** 69 46.0 Animals bearing dysplastic lesions and carcinomas of the renal pelvis and Total animals ureter (a,b,c) bearing lymphomas/ Dysplastic leukemias (a,b,c) hyperplasias No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 25 25.0 ## 8 8.0 50,000 (2,500) 25 25.0 ## 6 (e) 6.1 10,000 (500) 19 19.0 # 6 6.0 2,000 (100) 28 18.7 # 6 4.0 400 (20) 30 20.0 ## 5 3.3 80 (4) 22 14.7 4 2.7 0 (0) 13 8.7 **,# 2 1.3 ** Animals bearing dysplastic lesions and carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter (a,b,c) Dysplastic papillomas Carcinomas (d) No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 3 3.0 4 4.0 # 50,000 (2,500) 1 (e) 1.0 3 (e) 3.0 10,000 (500) 1 1.0 3 (4) 3.0 2,000 (100) 1 0.7 3 (4) 2.0 400 (20) 1 0.7 3 2.0 80 (4) 1 0.7 1 0.7 0 (0) 0 -- * 0 -- Animals bearing dysplastic lesions Animals bearing and carcinomas of peripheral nerve the renal pelvis malignant and ureter (a,b,c) schwannomas (a) Total Cranial No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 15 15.0 ## 1 1.0 50,000 (2,500) 10 (e) 10.1 ## 1 1.0 10,000 (500) 10 10.0 ## 1 1.0 2,000 (100) 10 6.7 # 1 0.7 400 (20) 9 6.0 # 0 -- 80 (4) 6 4.0 1 0.7 0 (0) 2 1.3 **,## 0 -- Animals bearing peripheral nerve malignant schwannomas (a) Other sites Total (b) No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 1 1.0 2 2.0 50,000 (2,500) 0 -- 1 1.0 10,000 (500) 0 -- 1 1.0 2,000 (100) 2 1.3 3 2.0 400 (20) 0 -- 0 -- 80 (4) 1 0.7 2 1.3 0 (0) 0 -- 0 -- (a) The tumor rates are based on the number of animals examined (necropsied). (b) p-Values corresponding to pairwise comparisons between the controls and the dosed group are near the dosed group incidence. (c) p-Values associated with the trend test are near the control incidence. (d) Values in parentheses indicate the number of tumors (one animal can bear bilateral tumor). (e) Tissues from 99 animals were analyzed. * Statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) using Cochran-Armitage test. ** Statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) using Cochran-Armitage test. # Statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) using poly-k test (k = 3). ## Statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) using poly-k test (k = 3). Table 4. Incidence and distribution by hystocytotype of lymphomas/ leukemias in female Sprague-Dawley rats in a life-span feed carcinogenicity study of APM. Lymphomas/ leukemias (a) Total lymphomas/ Lymphoblastic Animals leukemias (b) lymphoma Dose, ppm at (mg/kg bw) start No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 100 25 25.0 ## 1 4.0 50,000 (2,500) 100 25 25.0 ## 2 8.0 10,000 (500) 100 19 19.0 # 2 10.5 2,000 (100) 150 28 18.7 # 5 17.8 400 (20) 150 30 (c) 20.0 ## 7 23.3 80 (4) 150 22 14.7 3 13.6 0 (0) 150 13 8.7 **, # 2 15.4 Lymphomas/leukemias (a) Lymphoblastic Lymphocytic Lymphoimmunoblastic leukemia lymphoma lymphoma Dose, ppm (mg/kg bw) No. % No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 0 -- 2 8.0 11 44.0 50,000 (2,500) 0 -- 0 -- 10 40.0 10,000 (500) 0 -- 2 10.5 3 15.8 2,000 (100) 1 3.6 1 3.6 8 28.6 400 (20) 0 -- 2 6.7 8 26.7 80 (4) 0 -- 5 22.7 6 27.2 0 (0) 0 -- 2 15.4 5 38.5 Lymphomas/leukemias (a) Histiocytic Monocytic Myeloie sarcoma leukemia leukemia Dose, ppm (mg/kg bw) No. % No. % No. % 100,000 (5,000) 7 28.0 2 8.0 2 8.0 50,000 (2,500) 8 32.0 4 16.0 1 4.0 10,000 (500) 10 52.6 2 10.5 0 -- 2,000 (100) 8 28.6 4 14.3 1 3.6 400 (20) 9 30.0 5 16.7 0 -- 80 (4) 6 27.3 2 9.1 0 -- 0 (0) 4 30.8 0 -- 0 -- (a) Percentage of animals bearing specific histocytotype refer to the total number of animals bearing lymphomas/leukemias. (b) Percentage of animals at start to bear lymphomas/leukemias. (c) One animal had two types of neoplasias: lymphoblastic lymphoma and histocytic sarcoma. ** Statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) using Cochran-Armitage test. # Statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.05) using poly-k test (k = 3). ## Statistically significant (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) using poly-k test (k = 3).
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Cameron Park, Ca...
McCalls 6111. This was a very easy dress to make, did French seams (only two main seams down the sides). I also made this dress in a black eyelet. The pattern doesn't show how full this dress really is. I'm not tall enough to pull it off, but have several friends who can. I made two of this dress. I also thought it might be a good maternity dress, had a friend who was expecting and the chest area was to small for her so off it went to another tall friend. The best part about this dress is the razor back (I think). The worst part is cutting the pattern out, one huge body piece, so I had to lay it out on the floor- fun!
Linen blend
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Glengarry Glen Ross
Midtown West
Sun Dec 2 2012
- $$$$
Photograph: Scott Landis
Time Out rating:
Not yet rated
Time Out says
Posted: Mon Dec 17 2012
It may be fiendishly well-built and damn near indestructible, but you wouldn't think David Mamet's Glengarry Glen Ross could contain two Richard Romas. The top real-estate huckster in Mamet's anatomy of manhood, shame and the dirty art of the sell, Roma tends to dominate the room with his physical charisma and staccato palaver, his alpha-male epigrams laced (of course) with pirouetting profanities. Al Pacino owned the role in the 1992 movie version, establishing the gold standard for how to deliver Mamet's sprung-rhythm vulgarities. So when the curtain rises to reveal Pacino talking that talk, you need a second to readjust. This time he's Shelly "the Machine" Levene, wheedling has-been, begging for another shot. Roma, meanwhile, is played by sleek, bronzed, priapic Bobby Cannavale. Can this possibly work?
Bet your ass it does. Ricky and Shelly have a special bond in Glengarry. Although none of the desperate men hawking properties in their crummy Chicago office like one another, there's a grudging respect between Shelly—who used to be a hotshot—and Ricky, who currently is. In the second act, when the older man recounts his early-morning sale to an elderly couple, the rascally delight between master and student is palpable. And as Shelly begins his inevitable fall, you see Ricky catching a glimpse of his future.
Pacino and Cannavale are fierce and hilarious, rattling through the Mametspeak. But the entire cast blazes in Daniel Sullivan's tight, anger-unmanaged staging: David Harbour's humiliated office prick, Williamson; John C. McGinley's bilious Moss; Richard Schiff's schlemiel Aaronow; Jeremy Shamos's spineless Lingk; and Murphy Guyer's cop, Baylen. They may be weak, craven shells of men, but they close on one of the biggest deals of the season.—David Cote
Follow David Cote on Twitter: @davidcote
ReviewsAdd +
Venue details
- Name:
Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre 236 W 45th St
Midtown West
New York
- Cross Street:
between Broadway and Eighth Ave
- Venue phone:
- Venue website:
- Transport:
Subway: N, Q, R, 42nd St S, 1, 2, 3, 7 to 42nd St–Times Sq
Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre
- 236 W 45th St
Midtown West
New York
- 212-239-6200
- shubertorganization.com/theatres/gerald_schoenfeld.asp
- 40.758704,-73.987356
- 236 W 45th St
- Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre
- Event phone:
- Event website:
- Categories :
Theater. Drama
- Good for :
Big name talent. Culture vultures. Local talent. Take a tourist. Take your parents. Wow factor
- Event type :
Plays & Shows
- Date Time Price information
Sun Dec 2 20123:00pm$77–$157, premium $227–$297


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I began my genealogy researching after my father mentioned that he wanted to know what happened to one of his aunts on his father's side. He didn't know his father since he passed away in 1935 just after he was born. He didn't know a thing about his grandparents on his father's side either, so my search began. I wanted to locate information, any information that I could gather for him.
After I received marriage and death certificates for some of the relatives, names started fitting into place. I found it interesting and intriguing. The journey has taken so far 3 years and I still have a long way to go.
I am now searching for locations of graves/headstones for many of my relatives so that I can let my father know where they are resting.
I am hoping that this site can help me find the relatives long lost. Maybe some of the family headstones that I add can help others in their search, as well.
Family names include: Thompson, East, Roope, Roop, Rupe, Hudson, Wolfe, Loftis, Lewis, Wilbourne, Wilburn, Wilborn, Nance, White, Bond, and many others.
I am having difficulty in locating graves for many relatives. I know where they passed away but where they are resting is a mystery. Maybe some day they will no longer be mysteries.
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Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to you Connie, my Find A Grave friend! Let me hear from you!
Added by
on Dec 25, 2014 10:55 AM
James Hankins
Re: FAG Mem 51405651
While checking my Fowlkes links I found your memorial for Henry Lee Fowlkes. I don't know if this is your relative as well; he's my 2d cousin, twice removed. For what it's worth, the 1920 census, Danville, lists his son as Henry L. Fowlkes, Jr.; then, the 1930 census, South Hill, lists this same son as H. Lawrence Fowlkes. The presumption is that his dad's name is Henry Lawrence Fowlkes, Sr., whereas you have his middle name listed as Lee. Adding to this is that the elder Henry's mother is Sarah Alice Lawrence; this is almost certain evidence that his name is Henry Lawrence Fowlkes vice Henry Lee. Still, I do see the marriage record transcription for Henry Lee Fowlkes to Rosa James Glass, in 1909, Halifax County. The year is right for their first child, and Halifax is right in the midst of the census data. Confusing is that there are two transcriptions for the marriage of Sarah Alice Lawrence to a Fowlkes, both on the same date, whereas one is named Lee D. and the other is named W.D., plus both list Sarah parents as M.C. and C.A. Lawrence (obviously the same record, just one of the name transcriptions for the husband is wrong. I used W.D. because the 1900 census original image is crystal clear, and the correct children are listed, plus the 1880 census names him was W.D., and the 1910 census names him as William D. (all same children and spouse). Again, for what it's worth; I'll continue naming him as Henry Lawrence Fowlkes, Sr. You may not have this level of interest in that family, but if you do, then I can send you my family file with sources. Regards, James Hankins
Added by
James Hankins
on Dec 14, 2014 10:05 AM
Faye Francis
RE: Grave Photos
Added by
Faye Francis
on Nov 30, 2014 12:09 PM
Faye Francis
RE: Grave Photos
When I called Highland Memory Gardens
(540-674-5231) they didn't want to tell me where they were buried - something to do with privacy- I asked if this is not open to the public - anyway they told me Mary & Stewart Mounts are buried in 4 Gospels Garden section. I did make a memorial for Stewart last night.
Thanks again
Added by
Faye Francis
on Nov 30, 2014 6:11 AM
Faye Francis
RE: Grave Photos
Thank you so very much
Added by
Faye Francis
on Nov 29, 2014 5:43 PM
Faye Francis
RE: Grave Photos
Thank you - I know it is cold & windy - no rush
Added by
Faye Francis
on Nov 17, 2014 4:17 PM
Sue Hale Sheppard
Dora Rose #52540224 and Hal Porterfield #79529155
Thanks for updating the memorials for Dora Rose #52540224 and Hal Porterfield #79529155
Added by
Sue Hale Sheppard
on Nov 10, 2014 6:52 PM
Faye Francis
RE: Grave Photos
thank you very much - no hurry
Added by
Faye Francis
on Oct 30, 2014 7:25 AM
Faye Francis
Grave Photos
I am searching for grave photos of my aunt & 2 uncles buried in Highland Memory Gardens in Pulski County, VA.
They are: Seldon Hubbard #37515414 Masonic Garden
Mary Mounts #37597571 4 Gospels Garden
Mary's husband Stewart Mounts - no memorial # for him, I believe he is buried beside Mary; he passed before her in 1988.
Would you able to get photos of their markers?
Please advise & thank you
Faye Francis
Added by
Faye Francis
on Oct 29, 2014 7:43 PM
Billie Cress
family link
could you link my uncle Stuart with his father please. Caddell Stuart Cole 103063033 to father Andy Cole 25132544 mother Lucy 25132561 Thanks
Added by
Billie Cress
on Sep 27, 2014 2:55 PM
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#17 - andrewjla (05/04/2012) [-]
I'm 6 feet tall(1.8288m) and I have a huge blanket-6' 6'' by 7' 10''(2m by 2.4 m), large enough to tuck my feet over the rest of my blanket a foot or so. It's the softest blanket I've ever felt too. you should get one like mine.
#24 to #17 - darthtomale (05/04/2012) [-]
#43 to #24 - andrewjla (05/05/2012) [-]
I have no idea where it came from, I looked for it online but couldn't find it. The Brand is Champs and its an acrylic blanket with a picture of the african plains and african animals on it...I think it might be from the Gods...
My mom said she found it at a Vallarta market, a mexican supermarket, for $20...
My mom said she found it at a Vallarta market, a mexican supermarket, for $20...


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My Granddog Luke loves the holidays.......He has been Santa's helper and he is now the Easter Bunny's helper!
The Luke Bunny
By: nanreedSubscribe Channel: Pets & Animals Location: Brackney PA
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Q From Lewis Rosenbaum: The phrase smart as paint is said by Long John Silver to Jim Hawkins in Treasure Island. Any ideas as to the source of the expression?
A It appears a couple of times in R L Stevenson's book, the first time as: "Now, Hawkins, you do me justice with the cap'n. You're a lad, you are, but you're as smart as paint. I see that when you first come in."
It was only one of many versions that have been invented from the 1850s onwards, among them fresh as paint, snug as paint, clever as paint, pretty as paint, and handsome as paint. They're all similes that draw on some special quality of paint, but smart as paint punningly combines two senses of smart — the idea of new paint being bright and fresh in appearance and that of a person who is quick-witted and intelligent.
It seems to have been Stevenson's own invention. At least, I can't find an earlier example. It started to be used by others in the second decade of the twentieth century, presumably based on its appearance in Treasure Island.
But it wasn't always a pun; sometimes only the first part of the sense was meant. For example, this appears in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's A Visit to Three Fronts, dated 1916: "His charming blue uniform, his facings, his brown gaiters, boots and belts are always just as smart as paint."
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Aug 6, 2008 5:10pm
In response to my reference earlier today to Sen. Obama's seemingly tremendous self-regard, some writers have asked if that isn't de rigueur for politicians. And I agree, 100%.
Sen. McCain has a hugely healthy ego as well, of course. While Obama's is criticized as coolly arrogant, McCain's is assailed as blindly self-righteous.
This reminded me that almost 10 years ago (yikes!) I did an NPR commentary about how those who think they should be President have egos so enormous, the decision to run for the office should be in itself a disqualification.
- jpt


text:
Product Description
Eastwood Metal Shrinker/Stretcher Combo Set.The Eastwood Shrinker/Stretcher Metal-Shaping Combo lets you easily fabricate gentle radius bends and contours in steel, aluminum, stainless or copper. Compound 45:1 leverage allows effortless forming without making relief cuts, heating, or hammer-forming.
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text:
Photo #: NH 92297
USS Robert L. Wilson (DDE-847)
Off the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, 6 June 1951.
Note that the ship still carries 40mm guns.
Courtesy of Frank Jankowski, 1981.
Official U.S. Navy Photograph, from the Collections of the Naval Historical Center.
Online Image: 85KB; 740 x 605 pixels
Click on the small photograph to prompt a larger view of the same image.
If you want higher resolution reproductions than this digital image, see: "How to Obtain Photographic Reproductions."
16 April 2004


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Off with belts, down with pants.
You and your mullet can continue to lead a double life wearing the Volcom Interchange Reversible Webbing Belt—all business up front and nothing but unadulterated party in the back. On one side Volcom provided you with a solid color to match your clean-pressed office khakis. On the other side an all-over- Volcom logo print easily slides into the loops of your go-to kegger- denim. Pick your poison, then choose from three interchangeable metal buckles to truly dial in your boardroom-to-bar identity.
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Volcom Interchange 3pc Reversible Webbing Belt
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Cool Belt!
Nice belt. I bought this for my 10 yo son. There were no boy's versions of this belt on the site, so I opted for the men's belt. It's quite long, so I had to do a little work to take off the end piece and trim down the webbing. But now it fits my son perfectly and he hasn't taken the belt off since I bought it for him a few weeks ago. I guess that tells it all, right?


text:
Artisans Are Thriving Again In Post-quake Haiti
"We want people to come buy from Haiti not because they have pity for the Haitians but because the product is well-made, it's well-priced and it's something they can use," said Nathalie Tancrede, co-founder of the Artisans Business Network.
Macy's is the biggest U.S. retailer selling handmade Haitian goods, followed by the West Elm and Anthropologie chains, along with stores such as MI OSSA in Charlottesville, Virginia, and online boutique shops like Noonday Collection and Maiden Nation.
Designers including Rachel Roy, Chan Luu and Donna Karan have also become big post-quake boosters, purchasing and selling jewelry designed by Haitian women.
At an Anthropologie store in New York, papier-mache busts of zebras and rhinos pop out on a wall display. Children relish the animals made of old books, cement bags and French-language newspapers."A lot of customers like them for their kids' rooms or for the living room," manager Megan Hovey said by telephone. "It's an item customers come in for specifically. They're unique." The gains by Haiti's artisans fit in a larger trend called "ethical fashion," in which small businesses employ women craftsmen in developing countries to produce one-of-a-kind, hand-crafted designs for socially conscious consumers. Willa Shalit, CEO of Fairwinds Trading Inc., a for-profit company that works with developing world artisans and entrepreneurs, says the 2010 earthquake generated interest in all things Haitian. "All of sudden Haiti was on everyone's minds," said Shalit, whose company received a three-year loan of $174,832 from the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund. "The brand of Haiti became instantly recognizable." There are no solid figures on how much Haiti's arts and crafts contribute to its exports, but they rank far behind clothing. The garment sector accounted for 93 percent of Haiti's $768 million in exports last year, which were up from $563 million the year of the quake, according to Haiti's Central Bank.
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I just sold my last and final Glock, I have tried to like the brick like shape and the awful trigger, I finally give up after 3 Glocks I have thrown in the towel.
The G22 and G23 work flawless and there are good guns.
The G19 gen4 is what really soured me. I bought the gen4 mostly for the adjustable grip it did fit my hand better than gen3's. The G19 was a jam-o-matic I tried twice to get a #4 recoil spring from Glock, after 7 weeks I still had no spring, Glocks Customer Service is terrible.
I will spend my money on other brands and try to stick to American Made only.


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Dodger Players Say They're Unaffected By Bankruptcy File
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MINNEAPOLIS (AP) – For the Los Angeles Dodgers, the ballpark means business as usual, even with a bankruptcy court filing now hovering over the proud franchise.
Manager Don Mattingly said before Monday's game at Minnesota against the Twins that he believes the performance of his players has not been adversely affected by the off-the-field developments.
The Dodgers filed for bankruptcy protection in a Delaware court Monday, blaming Major League Baseball for refusing to approve a multibillion-dollar TV deal that owner Frank McCourt was counting on to keep the financially troubled franchise afloat.
Several players are owed millions on their contracts, though they've been promised they'll be paid. Shortstop Jamey Carroll says "worrying is just a waste of time and effort."
(Copyright 2011 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Menton, France
10 Rue Villarey, 06500 Menton, France – Show map
|Room Type
|Family Suite
|Standard Twin Room
|Family Suite with Terrace
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|Standard Room with 1 Single Bed with Balcony
|Standard Double Room with Balcony
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Terrace, Sun Deck
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WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Private parking is available on site (reservation is needed) and costs EUR 12 per day.
24-Hour Front Desk, Baggage Storage, Shoeshine, Fax/Photocopying, Honeymoon Suite
Newspapers, Safe, Non-smoking Rooms, Facilities for Disabled Guests, Family Rooms, Elevator, Soundproof Rooms, Heating, Hypoallergenic room available, All Spaces Non-Smoking (public and private), Air Conditioning
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Quality Hotel Menton MéditerranéeJust a 3-minute walk from the sea, Quality Hotel Menton Méditerranée is in the center of town. It offers a panoramic terrace with a fitness area and lounge chairs.
Score from 825 reviews Very good
In the seaside town of Menton, the former summer residence of Prince Antonio I of Monaco is 3 miles from Monaco and the Italian border. It features a solarium in the landscaped garden.
Score from 928 reviews Very good
In Menton, this air-conditioned hotel is just 80 ft from the beach on the Mediterranean coast. It has a flower garden and soundproof accommodations with free Wi-Fi access.
Score from 558 reviews Very good
Hôtel Le Grand Cap is ideally located a 2-minute walk from the sea and a 5-minute drive from central Menton. It features an outdoor swimming pool and free Wi-Fi access.
Score from 632 reviews Good
Everything was very good. The staff is very nice and polite, the bedroom has a good size, clean hotel and well located.
The breakfast was very good, natural orange juice, toast, coffee... The bedroom was very comfortable
It was a mistake in the booking and we got a different room, they move us to the ground floor, where a kindly spider was waiting for us.
clean, sympathic, modern, good location in centre of Menton, near shops and historic buildings (cathedral...), quality wifi, near bus 110 to Monaco (5 minutes to bus station), near sea and harbour, friendly staff.
Nice modern hotel close to the walking street, beach and old town. One of few including breakfast in the price. The breakfast was good.
The bed with nice brochure advertised in the room was too soft in the middle. Why only 1 chair in the room with plenty of space in the middle ?
Staff was excellent
Room 603 or 602 has a shelf right next to the door frame which my husband walked into the corner and it caused a bad cut to his head. Staff were informed hopefully this has now been put right, but it was a poor design.
The staff is very kind and available.
After a few years since it has been refurbished, the hotel is starting to show little signs of wear out, but it's still a charming desing hotel
big terrace
Courtesy & helpfulness of staff. Clean and comfortable premises. Good breakfast. Staff willingness to listen to & address complaints. Location within walking distance of the water.
The apartment we got was not what we had paid for - one bed was in the livingroom instead of 2 separate bedrooms. No balcony. Underground parking very hard to access with medium-sized car. No internal access from Car park into hotel.
The hotel is centrally located and we had a large well equipped room with a useable balcony.
We were not pleased with the attitude of the breakfast staff. Not cleaning tables quickly enough, while insisting you should take the one table they had prepared, instead of the one you liked better. Slow at replenishing and starting already before 10 a.m. in taking away items.
convence to everything
parking garage to small
The bathroom... :-)
There wasn't mini bar.
A very good location, good food, clean.. I would recomend it
Room renovation would be needed
- coffee machine available 25/7; - nice room with big balcony; - safe undercover parking (look also the dislike part). - perfect location, supermarket around the corner, walking distance to the city centre and beach.
- staff could give more information about all hotel features when receiving the guests the first time; - parking entrance is very very narrow. If you are driving alone better ask for help.
the location was excellent. close to everything, yet without being on the beach. it is the experience of visiting a very traditional village and staying in a very modern hotel.
if you have a car, be careful when you enter the VERY narrow corridor to the parking.
very clean, good location, perfect hotel! We will back next time.
breakfast is too simple
Great hotel with very nice rooms, clean and stylish. Very short walk from the sea and beach. Very welcoming and helpful staff, enjoyed the stay overall
Wifi is a bit slow, but it's a minor inconvenience.
Very clean, good location, room nice
Car park entrance very tight but owner parked our cars for us which was welcome
Nice staff, very clean and comfortable, very good breakfast. We will come back.
Unexpected upgrade to appartment with private terrace from room with terrace. comfortable beds , even the sofa bed. sun loungers on the terrace. Free water and coffee/tea in hospitality corner. A hot tub on the terrace would have been the icing on the cake...maybe we'll bring a paddling pool next time!
More pillows in the rooms
Excellent, polite and helpful staff. Clean and comfortable room and bathroom. Good location,
No kettle or fridge.
Good location, stylish room, wifi, helpful staf. Perfect.
Great location. Modern. Clean. Friendly. Efficient and helpful. Good value. Menton is the best town on the Riviera
The full height glass panel between the shower cubicle and the bedroom is just odd. Not great privacy when two friends are sharing a twin room.
very nice hotel, good location, funny and colored styles.
The very helpful staff, the breakfast,the modern bright rooms, especially the bathroom, the convenience of the underground parking in the hotel.
The noise in the street at 5 am, the absence of a kettle or decent glass drinking glasses. The cheap plastic did not do justice to the quality of this hotel.
Perfectly situated in centre of Menton. Clean and good value for money. No frills.
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2013 Higher Tour
Friday, Sep 13, 2013 6:30p
Utah State University: Kent Concert Hall Logan, UT
Friday 6:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. (doors open at 5:45 p.m.) Saturday 9:00 a.m. to 3:45 p.m. (doors open at 8:15 a.m.)
EVENT Dress Code: Nice casual attire is appropriate. Time Out For Women is an event, not a typical conference; Sunday dress is not expected or necessary.
FOOD/LUNCH Options: No outside food will be allowed in the venue. There will be an 85-minute lunch break on Saturday. We recommend you and your group make plans in advance for this lunch break. For more information about on-site lunch… Show more
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Location & Nearby Info
Kent Concert Hall
1400 Old Main Hill
Logan, UT 84321
(435) 797-3004
1400 Old Main Hill
Logan, UT 84321
(435) 797-3004
Show nearby:
0.2 mi 1 Indian Oven
0.4 mi 4 Rice Garden Inside Smith's
0.4 mi 5 Gia's Italian Restaurant
1.4 mi 7 Tandoori Oven
1.7 mi 8 La Tormenta Restaurant
1.8 mi 9 Cabin Fever Cafe
1.8 mi 10 Super Burrito Taqueria
Reviews & Comments
Hot Tickets More »
Fri 4/24 8:00p
Fri 4/24 8:00p
Thu 5/14 9:00a
Thu 4/16 9:00a


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The Transportation Combo Table combines the excitement of driving and city travel all in one! This two-sided play table is based on the City Transportation Table and Dashboard Driving Wall Panel. One side features a driving panel with a steering wheel and horn, speedometer, and classic H shaped gear shift, where children use their imagination to rev up the engine and race to the finish line! On the other side, children are endlessly entertained as they move the cars and other vehicles around the paths of a busy city. While children guide the pieces along the paths to get to their various destinations, eye-hand coordination, visual tracking, and sensorimotor skills are challenged.
Material: Wood
Care: Cleans easily with mild soap and warm water
Brand: Anatex
Origin: United States
Anatex's claim to fame is its award-winning Rollercoaster toy: a maze of wires and moving beads that has been a doctor's office waiting-room favorite since the 1980s. Founded in 1982, Anatex has expanded its line of educational toys over the yeras to include play cubes (ornate wooden blocks decorated with games), magnetic tables, school furniture and more. The University of Southern California business school has recognized Anatex for its innovative marketing strategy, which involves promoting toys through the American Academy of Pediatrics.


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Mon-Fri 4am-10pm PST Sat-Sun 5am-8pm PSTLive Chat
Mon-Fri 4am-10pm PST Sat-Sun 5am-8pm PST
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HydroFarm DAUN Daystar Grow Light Reflector
Product Description
The Daystar has evolved from our high performance GLX commercial greenhouse reflector. The greenhouse challenge is to offer not only the most uniform lighting pattern for crops, but also the most efficient lighting systems possible so that the crop can get to market at the lowest possible production cost. There is no room for poor performance in any way. Its combination of uniformity and efficiency is unsurpassed in our industry. We urge you to compare the Daystar against other reflectors on the market; and find out why our design is the leading choice in both the competitive commercial greenhouse market and in the demanding eyes of your customers.
- Super efficiency with both 1000W sodium and halide
- Low profile design for lower clearance areas
- Patented cool running double wall design
- Compact and lightweight; easy to hang
- Designed exclusively for Hydrofarm by America's foremost lighting design engineers
- World's finest European reflective specular aluminum; 99.85% pure with 95% reflectivity
- Instructions, hangers, & lighting recommendations included
- Accepts: Sodium 400, 430, 600, 1000 and Halide 400, 1000 Watt Mogul-based bulbs
|120 volt
|9.6 Pounds
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