text:
SPRINGFIELD — House Speaker Michael Madigan thinks Illinois taxpayers should provide $100 million in seed money to boost Chicago's chances of landing the library and museum for President Barack Obama.
Madigan and state Rep. Monique Davis, D-Chicago, introduced legislation Tuesday that would authorize that spending, with an aide to the speaker telling the Chicago Sun-Times that funding likely would have to come from a new state capital bill that could emerge in Springfield this spring.
"He thinks it's certainly appropriate this complex be in Illinois. He's happy to put together a funding propsal to be a part of that," Madigan spokesman Steve Brown said. "You'd need a new funding source, probably a new bond authorization. People are talking about that.
"How quickly all that comes together is an unknown. The governor has talked about it. The people in the road and bridge business have been talking about it. There are certainly unmet needs with other state facilities," Brown said.
Asked when such a plan could emerge, Brown said, "There's a need; the sooner the better. But you have to find a funding source, probably with bipartisan cooperation. But we can always be hopeful." Davis said the push makes sense now since planning for the facility is in the early stages.
"We're just being proactive in making sure there's some dollars available to start the process of getting that library here in the state of Illinois," Davis told the Chicago Sun-Times. "This, obviously, will show people we're interested," she said of the legislation, House Bill 6010.
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Expert: Proper Nutrition Is Root Of Healthy Hair, Nails And Skin
One expert says there are six foods that can help with the appearance of your hair, nails and skin.
A New Perspective On Treating Late-Stage Cancer
Counter to what has been touted in the past, noted scientist Dr. James Watson argues antioxidant consumption may not lead to less cancer and may actually promote cancer progression in late stage cancers.
The Benefits Of Blueberries
Blueberries appear to have some significant advantages. This is because of naturally occurring antioxidants.


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Lindsay Lohan reveals miscarriage on finale of OWN series
Published on Apr 22, 2014 4:39 AM
LOS ANGELES (REUTERS) - Actress Lindsay Lohan has revealed she suffered a miscarriage during the filming of Oprah Winfrey's OWN network documentary series chronicling the former child star's life after rehab.
"No one knows this - and we can finish after this - but I had a miscarriage for those two weeks that I took off," the 27-year-old actress said in Sunday's finale of the "Lindsay"series, saying that was the explanation for her missing some of her filming commitments. "I couldn't move, I was sick. And mentally that messes with you," the red-haired actress said.
Lohan, once one of the most sought-after young actresses in Hollywood with roles including 1998's "The Parent Trap" and 2004's "Mean Girls," has become better known for her legal troubles in recent years that included theft and reckless driving. She has been to rehab six times.
The "Lindsay" show is part of the actress' efforts to make a comeback, but it has sometimes cast Lohan in a negative light when she missed work commitments, even frustrating Winfrey, who confronted Lohan about rumors of her party lifestyle.
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text:
Hello, What happened to the server software line in the validator when you check an url? It is gone since 26 november 2002. Could you bring it back or tell me how I could make such a line myself? I know a lot of PHP/Apache/MySQL stuff, also Java servlets, but I didn't succeed in creating that. Yours, Matthijs RohsReceived on Tuesday, 26 November 2002 16:23:10 GMT
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.2.0+W3C-0.50 : Wednesday, 25 April 2012 12:14:04 GMT


text:
I think he is hot
He could probably last for hours in the sack :-<
I think he is hot
He could probably last for hours in the sack :-<
He's soo hot!!!! I was thinking the same thing too!!
Guys who play football (American football) are really hot :)
He's all yours.
Basic. Average. 50/100.
He's attractive to me, though I wouldn't say he's 'nontraditional'.
Nice pic :grrr:
I see no pic, and have no idea who he is, but if JayQueer likes him, he must be awful.
Google Images "Johnny Manziel Heisman Trophy winner"
Like I said, he is not traditionally 'gay' handsome but I'm stereotyping
He reminds me a bit of Joseph Gordon-Levitt, but huskier <3.
He has a wonderful ass... I have watched it hopping over defenses all year... he will be a pleasure to watch play for the next few years for the Aggies... although there is no way in hell I would wanna be a freshman with a Heisman... he is going to be a marked man.
He looks like his IQ is about room temperature.
In Celsius.
Come on Seth you been looking for that special convict...
he was in jail in June
look at them ears boy... just look
^ no jay, just no. :grrr:
Was it a sex crime Jay ?
Fingers crossed.
What a let down, one night in the lock-up.
LOL... well if you need a convict I hear the lineman from the Cowboys is looking at some hard time....
Hardup and unload should get a room. ;)
Workin' on it.
In the meantime, whatchudoin', Stud?
OH, and Namesake, CONGRATULATIONS on your 11,000th post! :!:
Thanks Jase, my this thread has been quite derailed by the lot of us I see. :lol:
Johnny Football is not really Sir Ron's type, but if he demanded access to Sir Ron's orgy bed, I would certainly let him in.
And if he insisted on Sir Ron giving his erect genitals oral service, Sir Ron would not refuse.
And if he wanted Sir Ron to swallow his seed...Sir Ron certainly would not spit it out.
And if Johnny Football was looking to use Sir Ron's anal cavity as his pussy-of-the-day, Sir Ron would not fight it.
Hmmmmmmmm, maybe he is my type afterall! :D
I've yet to read you refused your bed to anybody :)
Manti Te'o should have won. He is almost completely responsible for taking Notre Dame from a team that wasn't on anyones pre-season top 25 teams, to a 12-0 season and a trip to the BCS championship game. Go Irish!
I come into this thread for pics but was disappointed LOL
Nontraditional Hansome Guy >>>>> Homely zit face. He does have a fine set of ears on him though, like handle bars for a speedy little cock sucker.
So i'd bang the guy above, the poster above, and the guy that snatched a trophy.
And what's "nontraditionally" handsome about him other than his ears anyway?
Oh, come on. I'd hit it, and so would most of you behind that Internet screen of judgement! :P


text: hard to tell a difference I have been on a combination of Effexor and Wellbutrin for several years. I had taken myself off (perscription ran out) I felt no ill effect from not taking it so I wasn't planning to go back on. But my Dr was not happy I took myself off and told me to go back to it. I truely do not know why; it doesn't honestly seem all that effective for me but I still take it. However getting off the effexor is a completely different story and is extremely difficult but that's another story.


text:
December 22, 2014
ATLANTA (AP) -- A Delta baggage worker got a bit of a fright before Halloween when she opened a jetliner's cargo door and found a cheetah running loose amid the luggage. Delta spokeswoman Betsy Talton said Friday that two cheetahs were being flown in the cargo area of a passenger flight from Portland, Ore. to Atlanta a day earlier when one escaped from its cage.
Talton said the airline summoned help from an Atlanta zoo. Experts rushed to a closed airport hangar and tranquilized both animals and took them back to the zoo.
Talton said the airline is now working to get the big cats back to their owners. She declined to identify the owners, citing Delta's privacy rules.
The good news for passengers: The cheetah didn't damage any of their luggage.
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Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
live ranking›
Full Cast of Aakasa Ramanna Actors/Actresses
Examples of actors on this list: Venu Madhav, M. S. Narayana and many more.
If you want to answer the questions, "Who starred in the movie Aakasa Ramanna?" and "What is the full cast list of Aakasa Ramanna?" then this page has got you covered.
This cast list of who was in Aakasa Ramanna includes both lead and minor roles. (13 items)
- 1
Born: 1983
Date Born: 1983
Birthplace: South India, Hyderabad, Eurasia, India, Andhra Pradesh
Nationality: India
Films: Kathi Kanta Rao, Pranam, Sudigadu, Pellaindi Kaani, Madatha Kaaja + 27 more
Parents: E V V Satyanarayana
Allari Naresh : see more
- 2
Geeta Singh
Films: Aakasa Ramanna, Kithakithalu
Geeta Singh : see more
- 3
Gowri Pandit
Nationality: India
Films: Aakasa Ramanna, Kasko, Andhrudu
Gowri Pandit : see more
- 4
Born: 1951
Date Born: 1951
Birthplace: Nidamarru, Eurasia, India
Nationality: India
Films: Khadgam, Bhagyalakshmi Bumper Draw, Pranam, Krishna, Missamma + 83 more
Parents: Venkata Subbamma, Mailavarapu Bapi Raju
M. S. Narayana : see more
- 5
Born: 1982
Date Born: 1982
Birthplace: Pathanamthitta, Eurasia, India, Tiruvalla, Kerala + 1 more
Nationality: India
Films: Mercury Pookkal, Innathe Chintha Vishayam, Arasu, Rathri Mazha, Kasthooriman + 52 more
Parents: Aleyamma, Joseph
Meera Jasmine : see more


text:
Vans Old Skool + Era "Work Floral" Pack by Zack Schlemmer 0 Comments
yes about time
September 10, 2012 BY Brendan Dunne / 1
It turns out Supreme has been even busier than we thought as far as current collabs go, their pending Nike Air Force 1 release being joined by this, a new set of Vans releases including four pairs of the Vans Chukka and four more of the Vans Old Skool. Each sneaker features a similar suede upper with some metallic touches along the side swipe and back tabs, a theme that almost looks like a reprisal of their approach with the Bruin a few years back. Hit the jump for a full look at the Supreme x Vans 'Metallic Pack' and keep in mind that the collection will drop at the NY, LA, London, and online shops on September 13th and the London spot on the 15th.
Filed under: Collaboration Skate Upcoming Sneakers Vans
Tags: Supreme Vans Chukka Vans Old Skool
Vans Old Skool + Era "Work Floral" Pack by Zack Schlemmer 0 Comments
November 2014 Sneaker Releases by Patrick Johnson 9 Comments
Supreme x Vans Sk8-Hi + Era "F%#$ 'Em" Collection by John Kim 15 Comments


text:
The sign of a vulture within your path
What does it mean, to find the sign of a vulture in your path? Is it an omen? No, this totem animal appears on occasion, and can be seen for its gift and reminder, beyond its worldly task. The vulture, in our day and culture, certainly gets a bad rap. Their looks are far from appealing, and their duty turns the head and likely the nose of many. These birds are scavengers, seeking out the remains of bodies no longer inhabited by spirit. Their job is vital to the health and well-being of the living, and supports the dualistic balance of the planet. Life cannot and does not exist without death.
Vulture Watch
During my visits to the Oregon desert I watch the vultures that next nearby. In the morning I see the vultures in the schoolyard, each perched on a fencepost, spreading their wings and warming in the morning sun. In the evening I watch as the vultures round the bend at the end of the road, gliding toward the tall pine trees known to be their home each summer. They seem to float as if suspended motionless in the air. In the branches they appear as darkened shapes, almost haunting in appearance.
Though not the most beautiful of birds the vulture has its place in history. Vultures are found in many ancient texts and symbolism.
The Vulture – a Symbol of Divine Feminine
The vulture is a symbol of the principal female divinity. This bird is found throughout every country where Maya civilization can be traced – Polynesia, Japan, India, Chaldea, Egypt, Greece, and the Peruvian Andes.
Within Egyptian mythology the vulture adorned the headdress of the Goddess Isis, also known as Mau. It was believed that the myth may be traced back to Mayach, for the vulture was the totem of Queen Moo, who's name means "macaw". (Augustus Le Plongeon , Queen M'oo and the Egyptian sphinx, Pg 12-14.)
Yesterday the vultures flew in great number over the house in which I am staying, circling around as if they were saying, "finish your story, please". This morning I walked out of the yard, across to the field where they greet the morning to capture a few photos. As I returned I see a small vulture feather in my path. "Finish your story, please".
The Meaning of Seeing a Vulture
Everything in this world has its purpose, including the vultures nesting down the road. Vultures do not necessarily mean death, and we need not look at them as dark or gloomy. They show us a quiet grace, and help us to transition with that same grace. Look for the sign of a vulture in your path, it may be a happy moment and a sign of change.
Hummingbird Moments – Fierce Spirits Taking Action© 2011 Estee Taschereau. To make an appointment for a private life clarity session please use the contact form. Sessions are available by phone in the U.S. and Canada and Skype internationally. Weekend times are available.
Being Here Now: Find Your Center, Stand Your Ground
A collection of simple to use tools and techniques for recognizing and maintaining your own energy "space" and finding your focus. This self-aware approach to living is offered with compassion and a light-hearted appreciation. Estee shares with us her philosophy on helping others in their path to self-realization: "The greatest motivator we have is the natural magnetic draw toward being in a place that is safe and encouraging, that is the key element I've woven into every page of this book." You can purchase Estee's book Being Here Now in paperback or ebook format. The concept is simple yet amazingly powerful: "Find your center, stand your ground."


text:
You mean a disclaimer?
Not worth the paper they are written on so what's the point.
Hi all,
I want to add an disclaimer to all out going mail for example:
"This e-mail is intended for the addressee shown. It contains information that is confidential and protected from disclosure. Any review, dissemination or use of this transmission or its contents by persons or unauthorized employees of the intended organisations is strictly prohibited."
does anyone know the best way of doing so?????
You mean a disclaimer?
Not worth the paper they are written on so what's the point.
What version of exchange?
It'll also trip some spam filters.
Never understood why people do this but I think you have to buy some extra software, its not inbuilt into exchange.
Exclaimer is a program I have used as is the built in on in Sophos Puremessage. Both do the job
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


text:
Current Video:Recap: Dempsey comes through for Tottenham|
Come see FOX Soccer News as they discuss Tottenham's draw against Manchester United.
Automatically Generated Transcript (may not be 100% accurate)
Here's what you meant by not watching fox soccer news last night -- White Hart lane -- Manchester United. Made the trip to the capitol in search of revenge and more importantly in search of preserving a seven point lead over the champions now history was on united side as they have won eight and lost none of the last eleven from the league matches. At white Hart -- Robin van Percy is a guy that absolutely thrives against -- five goals and five assists in his last ten permanent tilts against on them while. Spurs were looking for their first league double it without proper percent of -- a BB looks. But -- for the first league double over united 23 years could they do it 25 minute it is the visitors on the attack -- well back to -- cleverly floats the cross our VP who opened the score without lovely header won it -- for the red Devils. It was a really going to be anybody else to score first. Now 27 minute as far as looking for one of their own -- -- from the -- angle dump this tea cup by surprise was able to punch the way. Fortieth minute Gareth -- -- it back up goal that yeah somehow keeps doubts. But the shot he blocked. By our VP but well done. From the Spaniard in the second half we go still 10 for united 51 minute talk and keep knocking on the door it's Clint Dempsey in the area but -- tea tonight the American. With a pretty great it's -- 63 minute. This after coming on Wayne Rooney. It's set the ground in the area by Stephen -- Rooney with a shot for -- of course but no call. -- -- Lot of referees would have on that day 66 minute Dempsey continues to threaten the -- shot -- -- that -- there but that's fire line. The 78 minute. London sun continue to press Kevin Lennon cross from the -- but Rio Ferdinand gets over for the blocked and people say he's old. Look at there -- into the deaths first desperate. Four points from the -- -- -- steps in finally the American gets a much deserved goal. Dropping level. So many opportunities. What a celebration maybe be an exciting finish and if that results at the lane at one all -- -- things finished up -- between first player in from the history. The score ten -- away goals. Three straight seasons. United on now and four and over the last twelve games at white Hart lane after the match though sir Alex third critical of the linesmen. I mean it was a good performance by him. Moreno was sort of penalty kick in wind and some of the sessions and remember a mile from his -- the chills again so but this -- goes on football -- and they gave -- saint. I don't think that choking game today and I'm disappointed in his performance -- you don't know who deserves to and to be fair. But soon to know meant to do the most of them from -- opportunities. And then we were we were chasing him and against them is they're very difficult. Not to them you know we have for the past 6060%. Positions -- 1950 shots. Against Fuller and moon didn't didn't we we should -- Going out with a win. -- the hero on epic Sunday deuce as they would say. You look at taught them and I think and today proved today that -- not just top four contenders but a legit top fourteenth. Aaron I think they did -- really did accomplish that and we knew this is going to be a big test against the leaders in receive what they're all about having to pass that test with flying colors. In -- another day with a little bit more luck they come away with a three points against the league leaders because they really truly deserves. Is you know you look at the numbers his 22 shots and recorded compared to six the united that's impressive including this. Very rare right footed attempt took a knee deflection but look at that instinct and say that's the only reason that one. Involves -- why American international -- dancing very lively thought he had that. A gold there he just needed and told me to specify what a terrific saves. -- as well on that he's in another life that player. Aaron Lennon but how these and slips past the -- ever -- all six foot whatever. Fernando at the Ferdinand needed. Just told that way and that's what stopped and then in the end to no one's surprise equalizer came -- it was to the players -- probably most likely to be. He was Aaron Lennon and it was the American clean -- -- they got -- just. Reward they deserve no less than a point for me the price deserved three points on the day you wanna beat you wanna be the best. Got to play your best against the best they were excellent I think united were quite surprised easily as them scoring -- not but in that case well deserve -- really had a great game. Join us for fox soccer news every night at 10 PM.


text:
I stayed in this hotel back in February. During the check-out I was told I had to pay for my stay. I was sure that the money has already come out of my account but I had no way of proving it. I was in a hurry to catch my flight and the receptionist didn't speak much English so I... More
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Travelocity and Tingo so you can book your 6 di Casa Marconi reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


text:
Looking for input.
I currently have an M1A SOCOM2 with a VLTOR M1S-1E Modstock, and a solid fixed HARRIS bipod and will be purchasing a BETA C-MAG(100 round dual drum) and plan to do slight changes to the guts of "the beast." Im looking for input as to a sight, scope, or anything that would be a good match for this type of setup. THINK END OF THE WEORLD, SHHIT HAS HIT THE FAN, ALL HELL HAS BROKEN LOOSE type of weapon.
If ever you should be tortured,
Have something to admit.
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Nice weapon! Hmmm... EOTW... M1A + 100rds + more ammo + your other gear... How about a bipod and go seriously work out in the gym!
The biggest issue with assembling an AR isn't so much getting the parts together right - it's getting the right parts together. You'll remember the quality of a gun long after you forget how much you paid for it.
US Army 1966-69, VFW Life Member, Retired Geek
Throw the drum in the trash, get a 1-4x optic and familiarize yourself with your rifle.
The bitterness of poor quality Lingers long after The sweetness of low price is forgotten.
-John Ruskin
I am well "versed," with my system. "lets start the build," Has become the next obvious step. As for the weight of all equipment plus weapon and ammo and lets not forget "sustainment, and nurishment," Im sure I'll be fine. Twice deployed , well aware of my physical limits and abilities.


text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
|Princess Juliana
International Airport
|Airport type
|Princess Juliana Int'l Airport Holding Company N.V.
|Sint Maarten (St. Martin)
|Hub for
|Elevation AMSL
|14 ft / 4 m
|18°02′27″N 063°06′34″W / 18.04083°N 63.10944°WCoordinates: 18°02′27″N 063°06′34″W / 18.04083°N 63.10944°W
|Source: airnav.com[1]
|Princess Juliana
International Airport
|Airport type
|Princess Juliana Int'l Airport Holding Company N.V.
|Sint Maarten (St. Martin)
|Hub for
|Elevation AMSL
|14 ft / 4 m
|18°02′27″N 063°06′34″W / 18.04083°N 63.10944°WCoordinates: 18°02′27″N 063°06′34″W / 18.04083°N 63.10944°W
|Source: airnav.com[1]
Princess Juliana International Airport (IATA: SXM, ICAO: TNCM) (also known as Sint Maarten International Airport) serves the Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin. In 2007, the airport handled 1,647,824 passengers and 103,650 aircraft movements.[2] The airport serves as a hub for Windward Islands Airways and is the major gateway for the smaller Leeward Islands, including Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthélemy and St. Eustatius. It is named after Juliana of the Netherlands, who as crown princess landed here in 1944, the year after the airport opened. There is also an airport on the French side of the island, called Aéroport de Grand Case or L'Espérance Airport.
The airport is perhaps best known for very low-altitude flyover landing approaches due to one end of its runway being extremely close to the shore and Maho Beach.
The airport was started as a military airstrip in 1942. It was converted to a civilian airport in 1943. In 1964 the airport was remodeled and relocated, with a new terminal building and control tower. The facilities were upgraded in 1985 and 2001.
Because of increased passenger traffic and the expected growth of passenger traffic in the near future, Princess Juliana International Airport is being heavily modernized following a three-phased masterplan, commissioned in 1997.[3]
Phase I was a short-term program in order to upgrade existing facilities and improve the level of service at various points. This included widening, strengthening and renovating the runway, increasing the bearing capacity of the taxiways, construction of a new apron and an upgrade of the (old) terminal. Phase I was completed in 2001.[4]
Phase II included the construction of a radar facility and a new air traffic control tower, the construction of a new and more modern, 27,000 square metres (290,000 sq ft), terminal, capable of handling 2.5 million passengers per year, and the construction of a Runway End Safety Area (RESA) of 150 metres (490 ft), including a 60 metres (200 ft) overrun, on both ends of its runway, to comply with ICAO rules. The new air traffic control tower and the radar station commenced operations on 29 March 2004, while the new terminal opened in late October 2006.[5] The terminal has 4–5 jetways for large aircraft like 747s.
If traffic develops as forecast, Phase III of the masterplan will be executed, consisting of an extension of the new terminal building and the construction of a full parallel taxiway system.[6] The new terminal building will also have more jetways and services etc.
However, the oil price increases since 2003 began impacting discretionary air travel worldwide by early 2008,[7] and the prospect of further price increases[8] threatens to reverse the recent expansion of tourist travel by jet which began with the 1980s oil glut.[9]
In 1994, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and France signed the Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls, which allows for joint Franco-Dutch border controls on so-called "risk flights". After some delay, the treaty was ratified in November 2006 in the Netherlands, and subsequently entered into force on 1 August 2007. Though the treaty is now in force, its provisions are not yet implemented as the working group specified in the treaty is not yet installed.[citation needed]
Because the approach to Runway 10 is over water, pilots can become disoriented regarding their perceived altitude when operating under visual flight rules. Normal instrument checks, coupled with experience and situational awareness, mitigate potential problems. The departure from Runway 10 presents more "difficulties" than the approach, with a turn required to avoid mountains in the departure path.
Arriving aircraft approach the island on the last section of the final approach for Runway 10, following a 3° glide slope flying low over the famous Maho Beach. Pictures of low flying aircraft were published in several news magazines worldwide in early 2000. The thrilling approaches and ease of access for shooting spectacular images, made the airport one of the world's favorite places among planespotters. To meet changing international and local regulations a 150-metre (490 ft) safety extension was required.
Despite the reputed difficulties in approach, there have been no records of major incidents at the airport, although ALM Flight 980 crashed 30 miles (48 km) from St. Croix on 2 May 1970, after several unsuccessful landing attempts at PJIA in bad weather.
Runway 10/28 was renumbered from 09/27 in late 2008.[1]
The main apron measures 72,500 square metres (780,000 sq ft) with another 5,000 square metres (54,000 sq ft) on Eastern apron. For freight handling a dedicated apron of 7,000 square metres (75,000 sq ft) is available.[10]
The new four-story terminal building offers 27,000 square metres (290,000 sq ft) of floor space and is fully air-conditioned. Available facilities include 42 check-in desks, eight transit desks and eleven boarding gates. There are ten immigration booths for arriving passengers and five exit-control booths for departing passengers.[10] The building also features 40 shops and food & beverage units—some unique to St. Maarten—promoted under the retail theme 'So Much More'.
To accommodate the growing international and local traffic of private aircraft, PJIA has a Fixed Base Operator building, offering office space and private lounges with dedicated customs.[10]
Since official opening of the new control tower, PJIA air traffic controllers have two radar systems at their disposal with ranges of 50 nautical miles (93 km) and 250 nautical miles (460 km). PJIA controllers manage 4,000 square NM of airspace around the airport. Besides providing approach, tower and ground control at PJIA, these controllers also provide approach control for Clayton J. Lloyd International Airport (Anguilla), L'Espérance Airport (French Saint Martin), Gustaf III Airport (St. Barths), F.D. Roosevelt Airport (St. Eustatius) and Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport (Saba).
PJIA is equipped with VOR/DME and NDB. The airport's official operating hours are 07:00–21:00.[10]
|Air Antilles Express
|Air Caraïbes
|Paris-Orly, Port-au-Prince
Seasonal: Pointe-à-Pitre
|Air France
|Paris-Charles de Gaulle
|Air Transat
|Montreal-Trudeau, Toronto-Pearson
|American Airlines
Seasonal: New York-JFK
|BVI Airways
|Dominica-Meville Hall, Tortola
|Caribbean Airlines
|Bridgetown, Kingston–Norman Manley, Port of Spain
|Copa Airlines
|Panama City
|Delta Air Lines
|Atlanta, New York-JFK
Seasonal: Minneapolis/Saint Paul (begins February 14, 2015)
|Insel Air
|Curaçao, Port-au-Prince, Santo Domingo-Las Américas
|Boston, New York-JFK, San Juan
|Amsterdam, Curaçao
|Antigua, Saint Croix, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia-Vigie, Saint Thomas, San Juan, Tortola
|Seaborne Airlines
|San Juan
|Spirit Airlines
|Fort Lauderdale
|St Barth Commuter
|Saint Barthélemy
|Sun Country Airlines
|Seasonal: Minneapolis/Saint Paul
|Sunwing Airlines
|Montreal-Trudeau, Toronto-Pearson
Seasonal: Ottawa (Begins 15 December, 2014)
|Take Air
|Dominica-Melville Hall
|Trans Anguilla Airways
|Charter: Anguilla
|United Airlines
|Newark, Washington-Dulles
Seasonal: Chicago-O'Hare
|US Airways
|Charlotte, Philadelphia
Seasonal: Montreal-Trudeau
|Anguilla, Curaçao, Dominica-Melville Hall, Nevis, Pointe-à-Pitre, Saba, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Kitts, Santo Domingo-Las Américas, Sint Eustatius, Tortola
|Amerijet International
|Miami, Santiago de los Caballeros, Santo Domingo
|DHL Aviation
|FedEx Feeder
operated by Mountain Air Cargo
|San Juan
|Santo Domingo
|Skyway Enterprises
|San Juan
Media related to Princess Juliana Airport at Wikimedia Commons


text:
Hi all,
Wondered if anyone could help.
We need Visual Studio 2008 Express Edition for our GCSE and A-Level courses. The Express edition is free. The problem is we have 200 computers to put it on. We cannot seem to deploy it - it just fails to install.
Does anyone have any suggestions on how we can get around this.


text: Warning: fetch_template() calls should be replaced by the vB_Template class. Template name: navbar in ..../includes/functions.php on line 4597 Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'navbar' (T_STRING) in /home/huntandf/public_html/reviews/header-inc.php(85) : eval()'d code on line 1 Warning: fetch_template() calls should be replaced by the vB_Template class. Template name: footer in ..../includes/functions.php on line 4597 Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '' (T_ENCAPSED_AND_WHITESPACE), expecting identifier (T_STRING) or variable (T_VARIABLE) or number (T_NUM_STRING) in /home/huntandf/public_html/reviews/header-inc.php(259) : eval()'d code on line 1 Warning: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/huntandf/public_html/reviews/forums/vb3.php on line 582 Bob thein - Hunting Guide and Fishing Guide Reviews Register Help Remember Me? Home · Search · Member List · Register Home » Fishing Guides » California « Previous Listing · Next Listing » Bob thein Reviews Views Date listing posted 0 11521 Recommended By Average Price Average Rating No recommendations None indicated None indicated supersize supersize Description: Your Guide, Bob Thein has been fishing on beautiful Clearlake for over 27 years. Whether you are an amateur or an experienced angler, he will teach you the latest techniques and the many methods available to locate and catch BASS. He will take the time to answer all your questions so that you will gain a better knowledge of BASS fishing. Why not spend a day on the water with Bob as you and members of your family and friends create fishing memories that will last a lifetime. Experience for yourself the fun and excitement in learning what Bass fishing is all about.Contact Info: Address : Clearlake, CA Phone : (707) 994-4886 Email : email@example.com Web : http://www.bobtheinguide.com Keywords: fishing california, Clearlake california Statistics Users 1,285 Listings 3,168 Reviews 14 Views 33,190,243 Top Posters Guide Listings 2033 Guides and Outfitters 930 fishing guides 141 D Winkler 45 rangeland 4 Random Listings - California Bob theinGuide Listings Rich Thiel: Cal Bass GuideGuide Listings Most Viewed Selman Ranch 46,778 WING AND RACK RANCH 46,585 WING AND RACK RANCH 44,733 WING AND RACK RANCH 44,648 Persimmon Creek Out... 44,078


text:
Home » Opinion » Editorials
A House budget: Preparing for bigger tax hikes
Gov. Hassan proposed spending far more than the state had to spend. To do it, she raised a bunch of taxes and fees and included $80 million in revenue from casino licenses. The House cannot include the casino revenue because it did not pass the bill authorizing new casinos. So it had to scale back Hassan's spending by more than $50 million.
So the House budget is more realistic than Hassan's. Yet it includes enough new spending, paid for by tax and fee hikes, that it should not pass. There is the 30-cents per pack cigarette tax hike, which has been in the news a lot. But did you know that the budget hikes saltwater fishing license fees by 50 percent and increases marriage license fees? It also raises the gasoline tax by 12 cents per gallon and contains business tax hikes. For instance, the Legislature last year let businesses "carry forward" operating losses of up to $10 million on future tax returns. The budget postpones that law for a year.
It also contains policy changes that have no place in state budgets. Legislators in the last session finally zeroed out the state's Certificate of Need Board, which increases health care expenses by forcing providers to get board approval before buying certain new equipment or opening new centers. It suppresses competition, keeping prices high. The budget inexplicably brings this cost-raising, bureaucratic nightmare back to life.
To their credit, House budget writers resisted the temptation to fully fund every wish of their party's varied constituent groups, which are legion. They spend less on the University System of New Hampshire, for example, than Gov. Hassan proposed, and less on some social services. But they still spend more than the state has or is likely to have in the next two years. This budget is a return to the bad old days of pushing spending up beyond our ability to pay for it, with the design of justifying future tax hikes when revenues inevitably fall short of the politicians' "priorities."
- Jeb takes a dip: First Flavor of the Week - 22
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Vermont's disaster: An Obamedy of errorsREADER COMMENTS: 15
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Enter to win tickets to see Tom Chapin
BANANAS and NH's energy needs
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Convicted murderer entitled to hearing on new DNA evidence after 42 years, Supreme Court rules


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Conferences & Events at The 3aaa County Ground
The 3aaa County Ground voted best Christmas Party venue in Derbyshire
Christmas Party Nights at The 3aaa County Ground have been voted as the best in Derbyshire, by Derby Telegraph readers.
The readers said they valued the great atmosphere and entertainment at Derbyshire CCC's Christmas Parties, which are located in the beautiful 3aaa County Ground Marquee and on the top floor in the Gateway Centre.
New for 2015!
Derbyshire County Cricket Club has embarked upon a £700,000 redevelopment of the Lund Pavilion that will see improved Conference and Events facilities.
Over the next six months, significant improvements will take place in the pavilion, including the construction of a new atrium entrance area housing the Club reception, the installation of a lift, new toilets and the creation of an air-conditioned single room capable of seating 300 people.
ABOVE: Please note above is a conceptual drawings only and subject to alteration according to final materials, colours selected and design work.
The 3aaa County Ground
Welcome to the beautiful 3aaa County Ground, home to Derbyshire County Cricket Club since 1870.
The 3aaa County Ground is one of Derbyshire's leading venues, hosting a wide range of events from corporate meetings and exhibitions to gala dinners, parties and Weddings.
While our stunning 3aaa County Ground Marquee can bring a wow factor to any event, and our Gateway Centre provides a range of styled function rooms meaning we can cater for almost any event. All suites offer impressive views of the cricket ground, natural daylight and can be set to your requirements.
Located directly off Pentagon Island, on the outskirts of the City Centre, The 3aaa County Ground has excellent transport links and over 400 complimentary onsite parking spaces. There are also several hotels in close proximity.
Featuring a combination of the professional, the homely and the prestigious, The 3aaa County Ground provides a quintessentially English back drop for a range of events from Corporate Events to Gala Dinners and Weddings.
Looking for the perfect wedding venue? See what the professionals say...
Jon Cripwell is an incredibly talented Wedding Photographer based in Derby. He offers beautiful, bespoke wedding photography for couples across Derbyshire.
"We're blessed in Derbyshire to have a plethora of amazing wedding venues. Famous and classical country houses, beautiful modern hotels, luxurious dedicated wedding venues, and famous sporting grounds. The 3aaa County Ground, home of Derbyshire County Cricket Club since 1870, is one of my favourites."
Jon Cripwell Photography
Read more from Jon Cripwell here >>>
Proud to be Derbyshire?
Choose the County Ground as the venue for your event and help Derbyshire's quest for cricketing success.
Every pound of income raised will help make a real difference as Elite Cricket Performance Director Graeme Welch and his men go in search of promotion in 2015 - as well as the funding of youth development at the Cricket Derbyshire Academy in partnership with the University of Derby and throughout the county.
Join over 70 local companies in the 1870 Business Club to develop your business network too. Click here to read more >>>


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Subject: 14th-century plague bodies unearthed at London station
18:00 26 December 2014
Hot, tired brains and an excess of stress hormones. Could these be the reasons why we yawn, asks neuroscientist Simon Thompson
22:00 25 December 2014
Digging up fascinating and unlikely facts is all in a day's work for Stephen Fry's little helpers. But how do they do it? New Scientist visited their workshop
18:00 25 December 2014
The rules by which gravity sculpts the cosmos are mirrored in the Japanese art of paper folding – we show you how to do it yourself
15:00 25 December 2014
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Repair Articles
How to Replace the Bearing Cap Assembly on a Ryobi Random Orbital Sander
If a damaged sander has been grinding at your nerves, this article will show you how to quickly remove and install a new bearing cap assembly.
Quick Fix: How to Replace the Platen on a Belt Sander
Replacing the platen on a belt sander is a straightforward repair, but getting the fasteners back in place can be tricky. Read this article to learn a handy trick to make re-installing the platen easi...
How to Replace the Clutch Belt on a Porter Cable Orbital Sander
Prevent your random orbital sander from gouging wood by replacing the clutch belt to control the sanding pad speed.
How to Replace the Pad on a Random Orbital Sander
Use this article's steps to correctly install a compatible backer pad in a random orbit sander.
Discussion for the Porter Cable 335 Type 1 6" Random Orbit Sander
Post a Comment
[ Ask Question | Add Review ]
Ask a question, answer a question, or post a comment!
Question: Hook &loop Pad For 335 6''
you list a part number in the diagram but not on parts list . i am need of one what will work on the 6'' sander
Reply: Hook &loop Pad For 335 6''
Hello garyatcisco,
Unfortunately the manufacture no longer supplies the 6 inch pad for the model number 335. It was part number 13906. There may still be some out there if you want to check on line.
Good luck,
Accessories for the 335


text:
adios man
- Member for
- 5 years 45 weeks
- Blog
- View recent blog entries
Recent Comments
|2 weeks 3 days ago
|Exactly. The people that
Exactly. The people that complain about Avila are the same who think batting average and how many RBIs they have are super important to being a good hitter.
|2 weeks 3 days ago
|You are aware that Kyle Kalis
You are aware that Kyle Kalis did something similar, except he switched from Ohio State to Michigan right?
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|1. I am just trying to say
1. I am just trying to say that Michigan isn't so stocked with proven running back talent that we can act like we are completely fine without him. Any talented guys we can add to the fold will certainly help.
2. We do not know for a fact they will get better coaching until we get a running back coach and see how they perform during a live game. Until then, we are just hoping that Fred Jackson wasn't a great coach near the end and anyone we get will have to be better.
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|That is all? As in that is
That is all? As in that is all of the running backs on the roster next year and we may be in trouble because one is an unproven transfer, one just tore their ACL again, and the other two have been underwhelming over a large sample size?
Or that is all as in, they had all these recruiting stars and all that glitters is gold?
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|Just cause your user name is
Just cause your user name is a guy that is a cold-hearted bastard on a television show doesn't mean you need to live up to that standard.
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|Trip to the title game was
Trip to the title game was spearheaded by Burke, Hardaway, and McGary with Staukas and Robinson providing support.
Trip to the elite eight was Stauskas, Levert, Morgan, and Robinson.
Two entirely different cores that made those runs and its not even debatable.
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|Actually you can. You just
Actually you can. You just can't keep turning these relatively under the radar kids into first round draft picks. Unless you are getting one and done kids routinely, losing six very talented kids in two years is very hard to overcome.
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|We made two deep tourney runs
We made two deep tourney runs with two very different cores. I believe that discredits your Matt Painter comparison, no?
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|You can't use experience when
You can't use experience when we are ranked behind both of those schools and #322 overall in experience. Talent-wise are we better? Absolutely. Experience. Not a chance.
And sometimes those young guys take a few years to turn the corner and play consistently good basketball. Michigan basketball has been lucky to have freshman and sophomores capable of stepping up in the past two years but lets not act like thats a given. Some guys take more time. Chapman will be one of those. His top 30 ranking belies his future potential. Not necessarily instant impact. Thats okay.
But if thats the case, we are left with our three guards, Spike, and a bunch of raw freshman. When those four are on we can beat very good teams. But if one or more struggle we can lose to anyone. Just give it time. This season will be a roller coaster but I expect them them to improve given Beilein's track record and probably surprising you at the end.
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|Except Beilein has shown he
Except Beilein has shown he can win a lot of games with an exceptionally young roster. To expect that to be maintained every year is just ridiculous.
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|And your posts stem from a
And your posts stem from a lack of a brain which would be an exaggeration if you didnt say the reigning big ten coach of the year is on the hot seat.
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|This team lost a coin flip to
This team lost a coin flip to a legitimate top ten tean and has beaten two solid programs in Oregon and Syracuse. If you are going to let two poor games in a 30 game season lead you to not care then I don't know what to tell you. Its within your right as a fan. But come on man. We have one of the youngest teams in the country coupled with one of the best coaches in the country. There will be progression. It won't be as sweet as the last two years but it will be eons more exciting than seeing this team under Amaker or a football team coached by Hoke.
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|2013 Michigan football wasn't
2013 Michigan football wasn't coached by a guy who had already won two Big Ten regular season titles or had gone to a national championship game two years prior.
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|Doesn't come close you say?
Doesn't come close you say? So this team has played really well and lost a coin flip to a top ten team and it has now played poorly in two games against inferior competition. Experience would certainly help with this teams consistency. Oh and so would Burke, Stauskas, Robinson, McGary, or Horford. But yeah, having to play guys like Spike and Bielfeldt most of the game with no other viable alternatives has nothing to do with our performance...
|2 weeks 4 days ago
|This team has five schloarship players that aren't
This team has five schloarship players that aren't freshmen. Three of those are two star flyer level players and one of those has improvred to be potentiallly an all-big ten player. In the past two years we have lost five players (4 first round picks and an early second round) early to the NBA and another one (Horford) because he thought one of those guys (McGary) wasn't going to the NBA.
Does that justify these two losses? No. Is this rough to go through? Absolutely. But at some point these defections along with not recruiting like the Dukes of the world every year was going to catch up. Everyone just needs to relax and be willing to tough it out with this team. There will be more heartbreakers. And there will also be reasons for optimism. In Beilein I trust.
|2 weeks 5 days ago
|Sounds like another case
Sounds like another case where the agent leaks these reports in the hopes their client (Cutliffe) gets an extension and raise.
|2 weeks 6 days ago
|1. Making a bowl game does
1. Making a bowl game does not mean you had a good year or your team is any good.
2. If Michigan played 3 cream puffs + 1 power 5 non-conference opponent similarly to Illinois we would be in a bowl game as well. Or taken in reverse, if they played our non-conference schedule, they would too would be staying home this holiday season.
|3 weeks 3 hours ago
|If I were the Big 12, I would
If I were the Big 12, I would hold off on adding any additional teams and begin fighting for the college football playoff to be expanded to 6 or 8 teams. If that can occur within a reasonable time frame, they wouldn't have to add two sub-par teams and their seat at the table is then assured every year.
|3 weeks 1 day ago
|If I had to guess it is
If I had to guess it is because Saban is so far and away the best coach in college football that it can be a turn off to see them winning or coming close to winning a national title every year.
|3 weeks 1 day ago
|Its upsetting but at the end
Its upsetting but at the end of the day how much will this loss actually swing our RPI? 4 spots? Thats a single seed line and easily overcome. I mean Kansas lost at home to TCU (approximately a comparable loss) two years ago and was only a Trey Burke miracle away from going to the Elite 8. Things are going to be okay.
|3 weeks 2 days ago
|Dhani Jones on that travel
Dhani Jones on that travel show? I can't remember the name off the top of my head.
|3 weeks 2 days ago
|"Everyone has an opinion, and
"Everyone has an opinion, and I am no different," Carr said Thursday. "If I had a choice, I would choose Jim Harbaugh. But it will be Jim Hackett's decision, and that is as it should be."
Thats literally all he said when asked his opinion on the coaching search. Maybe you need to turn off your cell/computer if thats how you are going to react when a former coach provides a rationale answer to something he was asked.
|3 weeks 2 days ago
|I think you are being a bit
I think you are being a bit harsh towards the OP considering you could say the same thing for 99% of the board posts since Hoke was fired.
|3 weeks 3 days ago
|Got to love spread haters and
Got to love spread haters and their anecdotal evidence (Rich Rod failed here!) in the face of years and years of data points that indicate its an easer and more effective offensive system to run.
|3 weeks 3 days ago
|Michigan needs to get the
Michigan needs to get the right coach with a system that will allow for us to win the most games a few years from now. I am fine with a less than stellar record next year if it means Michigan is set up for sustainable sucess further down the road. There are always a few bumps in a coaching transistion, and I understand the mindset of wanting to minimize those, but this can not come at the expense of hiring someone who offers Michigan the most potential once his system is in place.
|3 weeks 4 days ago
|Dear God man. You do realize that if you are
Dear God man. You do realize that if you are playing football at a big time school, your college experience is largely going to be influenced by who is the head coach? These kids should reconsider their commitment any time a coach is fired or leaves a program.
|3 weeks 5 days ago
|I think if you live in a
I think if you live in a vacuum you are correct, but Dave Brandon was still the AD and there was a sizable contingent of influential alums pissed off and wanting a Michigan Man. Maybe Rich Rod could have succeeded, but the probability of it getting worse and even more toxic I think is greater. Its a shame for sure, but thats it was so important to get an AD in there with some brains and common sense.
|3 weeks 5 days ago
|I think this highlights a lot
I think this highlights a lot of the discourse and disagreement between the pro- and anti-Rich Rod crowds. I think most people can come to terms with the fact that Rich Rod needed to be relieved after his third year. Losing the last few games we played the way we did, along with the cratered recruiting made it close to an impossibility to keeping him. Thats fine.
My issue is when people say he was a bad hire from the start and Michigan needs to learn from their mistakes this time around. See, I just don't think that is true in the slightest. Hiring Rich Rod was a great coaching hire and his work at Arizona continues to show he knows what he is doing in that regard. It is everything that came after the fact that led Michigan to the point where he needed to be fired after year 3. Sure, some of that was on Rich Rod but I think most people can agree that most of it was outside his control and led to a situation where very few coaches could have thrived.
I hope Michigan has learned a lot from the last couple of coaching searches, along with the handling of the coach once they are employed, but going out of ones way to not hire someone like Rich Rod again would be a disservice to Michigan football and its fans.
|3 weeks 6 days ago
|You do realize fandom doesn't have a price tag
You do realize fandom doesn't have a price tag attached to it? If people have better things to do with their time and money, who are you to judge and call them out as worse fans? Its a very rationale response that people will stop spending a lot of money on stuff they don't enjoy. People want to laud Michigans academics and how it works to shape and develop people for post-college experiences, but then you have comments like this where people complain that not all fans are brainless wallets, giving of their time and $$$ with unquestionable loyalty. Sounds about right.
|10 weeks 3 days ago
|I agree that creating
I agree that creating awareness for breast cancer is great. Its something that needs to be done and has affected many families, mine included. I just think quite a few people are a little bit weary of the over saturation of breast cancer awareness for the sake of making a greater profit, not to mention the lack of awareness being generated for other diseases and cancers. I know thats its still doing good and does generate money for research, but I can't help but get a little upset thinking the NFL is using breast cancer as a means to make more money for themselves, while at the same time people I know are dying from this disease. If they truly wanted to help, they could also provide awareness for prostrate cancer or heart disease, especially given the demographics of their fanbase. Yet, this probably will never be the case since there is no money to be made.
The current awareness and money generated to help fight breast cancer is a positive, but I think most people agree that so much more could be done/improved in this area, along with helping to raise awareness and money for other cancers and diseases using the NFL as a platform. I guess it sounds greedy saying that, but I don't think its unfair for people to hope that the incentive to do this could one day be motivated by wanting to do good as opposed to using cancer to turn the greatest possible profit.


text:
Miniwiz makes iPhone cover from 100% trash
The Re-case: a phone cover made entirely from discarded material.
Steve Jobs: Immortal by design
Apple co-founder Steve Jobs' impact on industrial design is indelible.
Preserving history, improving buildings, brick-by-brick
Preservationists are using thermal imaging and impulse scanners to replace bricks in San Francisco's oldest building as part of a major energy efficiency and safety overhaul.


text:
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首頁 > 2. 地區 > 中東中亞 > 【M.C. Lam|Insight】The Necessity of a Regular NATO Paramilitary Force and How Should it Look Like
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【M.C. Lam|Insight】The Necessity of a Regular NATO Paramilitary Force and How Should it Look Like林敏靖
Written by 林敏靖 on 2013/08/20.
Edited by Glocal Reporter on 2013/09/04.
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The rush to pull out of Afghanistan at the end of 2014 despite the stagnant progress in counterinsurgency and public security has raised the big question of why NATO is taking so long to foster peace in Afghanistan despite the near-light speed collapse of the Taliban regime back in 2001. Even though there is the undeniable fact that the poor performance of the Afghan government is part of the cause, NATO was also ill-prepared for the post-conflict phase of Operation Enduring Freedom. Being the leader of NATO, the United States did not plan to reconstruct Afghanistan at today's level and therefore troops were soon mobilized to Iraq shortly after the military victory.[1] The decline in troop number, together with the soldiers' lack of skills to cultivate peace at the community level, unfortunately left behind enough room for insurgents to recuperate. As a result, the security situation in Afghanistan later deteriorated and U.S. President Obama was forced to send in additional forces in 2009. Nonetheless, the traces of insurgents are still everywhere in Afghanistan as of today.
In hindsight, NATO was primarily, and still is today, using combat soldiers in Afghanistan to enforce law and order and suppress insurgency. But the effectiveness of this tactic is in doubt since it does not drive good results in Afghanistan as well as in Iraq: insurgents are defeated but then regenerate, the Taliban shadow government is still influential in many parts of the country, fractionalism, limited police anti-crime capacity and so on. Lacking the willingness to rebuild Afghanistan in the beginning, the U.S. and other NATO allies used combat soldiers, who are trained to neutralize enemies rather than bring peace back to community, to mimic the function of Afghan police. But the enemies are no longer the identifiable soldiers who were deployed along a defense line against the incoming NATO troops, instead they employ the guerillas tactics and blend well with civilians. U.S. combat soldiers are rarely trained to fight this kind of enemy, though the military should have learned their lesson from the Viet Cong. As a result, heavy-handed law enforcement and gross misconducts by U.S. soldiers were incessantly reported while public insecurity was still out of kilter, spreading mistrust or even hatred among Afghans against foreign soldiers. To better address this problem, a paramilitary force who is specialized in community policing and restoring public security in adverse conditions should be established.
In this regard, the Europeans are way ahead of the United States. A number of European countries own their national police units which are trained along with regular military and possess light infantry capabilities, though there are some nuances in the functions of the units among different countries. There are a few names for the national police units, such as Gendarmerie (France) and Carabinieri (Italy) which have experience in domestic law enforcement in varying degrees as well as in overseas peacekeeping missions. These police forces would be a better choice than the combat soldiers in places where insurgents have been swept out at an earlier time but local police does not exist or has very limited capacity. Specifically trained to hunt down insurgents and criminals in a dangerous environment, these paramilitary forces provide a more effective and affordable means to keep secure areas from falling back into the hands of the insurgents. As one scholar has put it, while military is a "blunt instrument" that is "capable only imposing a most basic, rigid form of order" [2], a paramilitary force familiar with police operations can strike at the heart of insurgents and criminals with surgical precision.
However, due to the constraints on resources the European paramilitary forces do not have the enough number of personnel to manage a country of the size of Afghanistan, while the United States too does not have a large force dedicated to run Stabilization and Reconstruction (S&R) operations. Currently existing structures like the European Gendarmerie Force (EGF) formed by France, Netherlands, Italy, Romania and Portugal only have around 3,000 personnel including standby forces. When compared to the number of troops deployed to Afghanistan, the 3,000 maximum strength is miniscule to the ISAF troop number of 97,813 as of June 1, 2013.[3] Therefore, there is a need for a regular NATO paramilitary force of an effective size to be established which can be deployed along combat forces to handle post-conflict situation. Particularly, the U.S. military should learn from the Europeans and invest in the development of a paramilitary force in order to strengthen its capability to restore public security in an occupied zone.
The Raison D'etre for the Force
The military operations in Afghanistan have been protracted to the extent of prohibitively costly due to persistent insurgency and poor public security, therefore there has to be a change in the way NATO forces cultivate peace in an occupied zone in the future. The necessity of a paramilitary force specialized in S&R operations has become more and more urgent nowadays because the speed of war has been accelerated tremendously by the advancement in military technology: the shortening of major combat phase is making the alignment of combat progress and S&R operations a much more difficult task than before. The following figures will illustrate the trend.[4]
Figure 1 describes how a war was conducted in the old days. In the past, usually the major combat phase would last much longer than in today as the speed of war was much slower. Therefore, territory was gained gradually and commanders were given a considerable period of time to plan for S&R operations before taking over all enemy territory. In this scenario, there was time for the occupying side to initiate nation-building efforts step by step before the end of the war. And because the war was taking a longer time to end, enemy casualty would be more severe and therefore there would be less residual force turning underground after the defeat. In this case, the urgency for a specialized force to begin S&R operations during combat is relieved by the long span of war.
NATO forces led by the United States crushed the enemy forces in Afghanistan and Iraq in the way shown in figure 2. By the use of precision strikes, special operations and advanced intelligence gathering that are all made possible by technological superiority, NATO forces were able to decapitate and disintegrate the Taliban military in a sweeping manner. But the speed of war also squeezed the time commanders had to plan for S&R operations during combat. As can be seen from figure 2, since the major combat mission began and ended precipitously commanders would hardly have time to prepare troops for peace restoration. And because the enemy military collapsed rapidly instead of being annihilated one by one, more residual forces were spared which would regroup and begin guerillas operations. Plus the acquisition of IED and WMD technologies, insurgents are more destructive than before. Consequently, when the level of combat forces declined as the war was over but S&R missions were yet to become operational, there would be a security vacuum, or called the S&R gap, in which the occupied territory became vulnerable to the exploitation of criminals and insurgents. This scenario requires part of the combat forces to swing into S&R operations during the course of a fast-paced combat, if the commanders deem possible. If the territory was in fact infiltrated by insurgents and criminals during the S&R gap soldiers later would have to go back to root out the hidden enemies, encumbering the drawdown schedule. The rife insurgency found in Afghanistan is believed to have much to do with the S&R gap as the NATO forces did not enforce law and order in time during combat.
If the proposed NATO paramilitary force was deployed along with the combat forces since the onset of war, the overall trend would be demonstrated by figure 3 in which the S&R operations were tailgating the progress of combat and the transition from combat into nation building was much smoother. In this scenario, paramilitary forces were moving with combat forces and as the hostile military was defeated the responsibility of public security of the region would be handed off to the paramilitary forces from the combat forces. This would give the insurgents little chance to regroup and establish network behind the frontline. The deployment of paramilitary forces also allowed S&R operations to get started at an earlier time.
It can be concluded from the above three scenarios that the pace of modern war has made the availability of paramilitary force in the combat phase more necessary than ever. As the enemy is defeated quickly, large portion of land will be suddenly transferred to the winning side en passant, requiring the rapid deployment of a sizable and professional force to maintain public security. Without the deployment of such forces, though the winning side can take control of the land as long as abundant troops are on the field, they can only maintain a precarious level of peace because the insurgents are just waiting for them to retreat.
Since the proposed large paramilitary force was not available during the War of Afghanistan, S&R gap emerged and NATO forces later were unable to maintain a solid level of peace with a sustainable level of troop number. In response to the deterioration of public security, NATO had no other options but to send out combat soldiers to go from village to village to search for insurgents. S&R operations were also routinely assigned to regular military police units and special forces. However, as of today insurgents are still elusive to the pursuit of NATO troops. It is not to say that the military police units or special forces on the beat are not performing well per se, but it is obviously a tall order for those smallish specialized units to handle a country of the size of Afghanistan. In a study conducted by the Defense Science Board in 2004, it was found that the U.S. military, the largest troop contributor of NATO, has not treated S&R operations and combat operations with equal seriousness.[5] Therefore no matter how effective are the few troops who have some experience in establishing public security and counterinsurgency, they can never have the enough resources to turn the tide at the national level in Afghanistan.
Considering the scale of possible NATO operations in the future, for examples in Iran, North Korea, Syria or in the new terrorist safe havens in Africa, a professional branch of paramilitary force in NATO is indeed necessary to handle the post-conflict situation since there is simply no other sources to borrow sufficient paramilitary forces from. The current level of available paramilitary forces among NATO countries is far from enough, and by looking at the Wars of Iraq and Afghanistan it can be seen that the contribution from non-NATO countries to peacekeeping missions is nowhere large enough to close the capability gap. Any NATO-led mission is also unlikely to garner support from the United Nations due to political resistance. As a result, for the sake of not being bogged down by the domestic insurgency of another country in the future, NATO should establish its own regular paramilitary force. The main objective of the paramilitary force would be to improve the quality of public security in a war-torn community.
How Should it Look Like
A NATO paramilitary force of constabulary nature should be created by referring to the European models, such as the French Gendarmerie or Italian Carabinieri. As defined by some, the term constabulary means "a force organized along military lines, providing basic law enforcement and safety in a not yet fully stabilized environment."[6] This definition fits generally well with existing European paramilitary forces. The value of the NATO paramilitary force lies in the fact that they will be the combination of police and light infantry which are trained to use minimal/nonlethal forces against criminals but at the same time possess the skills to work side by side with regular military.[7] They will be able to enforce law and order in a civilian context and to handle long-term security problems such as rioting, criminal network, smuggling, illicit drug trade and so on. By collaborating with civilians tactfully to restore peace rather than "shoot first, ask questions later", the paramilitary force can cultivate peace and security in a community with a civilian-friendly approach. In addition, they will be familiar with other S&R operations such as prison management, the training of local security forces and facilitation of civilian reconstruction. And since they will require less lethal firepower and vehicles to operate, less logistics support will be needed so the cost to maintain their operations will be lower than that of combat forces.[8] In a nutshell, the proposed paramilitary force will be more proficient in S&R operations than combat soldiers.
The military capacity of the NATO paramilitary force is also very valuable for S&R operations. While civilian police officers are trained and equipped to work in a rather peaceful environment, the paramilitary force can enforce law and order in a more risky environment as they possess the military skills and equipment to suppress violent insurgency if necessary in the immediate aftermath of an armed conflict. Generally, since the paramilitary force will be trained as a light infantry unit, they will stand out among other regular police forces because of their specialties like rapid deployment and self-sustaining logistic capability for a period of time.[9] Such advantages would enable them to counter hostile fire or even raid the hideouts of dangerous insurgents. Moreover, because of their military acquaintance, the paramilitary force can be put under a military chain of command so that they could take an active role in large and complex military operations. More often than not, the paramilitary force will be deployed to a previously secured town to keep insurgents out when the combat forces are ready to move on.
The troop size of the proposed NATO paramilitary force should be compatible with the possible scale of future NATO operations. By referring to past deployments, in May 2003 the United States had around 150,000 military personnel in Iraq while 10,400 of them were military police. Italy also sent 1,400 military personnel to Southern Iraq while 40% of those were Carabinieri.[10] And as of June, the total ISAF troop number in Afghanistan is close to 97,000 where most of the foreign forces are concentrated on S&R operations. Therefore the rough estimate is that the number of paramilitary personnel required to manage a medium-size country should range from 10,000 to 90,000, depending on the level of national development of the receiving country and the availability of combat forces which can significantly reduce the actual number that would be required. But the minimum number of 10,000 would be a fair starting point, since the 10,000 deployment of military police officers to Iraq had resulted in a less than satisfactory peace restoration even though the improvement was much better than that of Afghanistan. Moreover, no matter what the actual number will be, the United States should be the largest contributor to the force while other European countries would have more to contribute in terms of training and expertise.
Through the comparison between old and modern wars, it can be summarized that a portion of the military will have to be trained to address the S&R gap to ensure that the achievement of combat phase can be protected and strengthened. As NATO will likely continue to launch new operations at the global theatre with mighty U.S. military power, the success of operations will be more determined by their capability to effectively stifle insurgents and restore peace timely after combat than the capability to defeat hostile military forces. The lesson of Afghanistan has clearly shown that the more are the S&R operations falling behind the pace of war, the more fiscally and politically costly will it be to conduct counterinsurgency no matter how decisively did NATO troops knock out the enemy earlier during combat. Afghanistan also tells everyone that combat soldiers are not the right choice to perform police duties. Since there is simply not enough available paramilitary forces to handle S&R operations, therefore NATO will need to construct its own regular paramilitary force based on the experience of some European states in order to execute S&R operations timely from the first gunfire of combat. The paramilitary force will be a highly professional dual-use force which is expected to excel in serving civilian and military purposes. The paramilitary force will be better prepared to run S&R operations than the combat soldiers and consequently will deliver a better result in postconflict peace restoration. Last but not least, the United States should lead the effort to contribute to the force since the Europeans alone do not have the level of personnel and budget to form a sizable force. By combining the European experience with American resources in the creation of a NATO paramilitary force, the synergy of the transatlantic alliance will greatly improve the chance of success of upcoming operations.
[1] David Rohde and David E. Sanger, "How a 'Good War' in Afghanistan Went Bad," The New York Times, August 12, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/12/world/asia/12afghan.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
[2] Michael J Dziedzic, "Introduction" Policing the New World Disorder: Peace Operations and Public Security, ed. Robert B. Oakley, Michael J. Dziedzic and Eliot M. Goldberg (Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, 2002), 6, http://carnegie.org/fileadmin/Media/Publications/PDF/Policing%20the%20New%20World%20Disorder.pdf.
[3] "International Security Assistance Force (ISAF): Key Facts and Figures," International Security Assistance Force, June 1, 2013, http://www.isaf.nato.int/images/stories/File/Placemats/2013-06-01-ISAF-ANA%20Placemat-final.pdf.
[4] Hans Binnendijk, "Executive Summary" in Transforming for Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations, eds. Hans Binnendijk and Stuart Johnson (Washington DC: Center for Technology and National Security Policy National Defense University, 2003), 6-7, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/stab_rec_ops.pdf.
[5] Defense Science Board, "Executive Summary" in Transition to and from Hostilities (Washington DC: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, 2004), xi, http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA430116.pdf.
[6] Erwin A Schmidl, "IN PEACE OPERATIONS: An Historical Overview," Policing the New World Disorder Peace Operations and Public Security, eds. Robert B. Oakley, Michael J. Dziedzic and Eliot M. Goldberg (Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, 2002), 13, http://carnegie.org/fileadmin/Media/Publications/PDF/Policing%20the%20New%20World%20Disorder.pdf.
[7] David T. Armitage and Anne M. Moisan, "Constabulary Forces and Postconflict Transition: The Euro-Atlantic Dimension," Strategic Forum 218 (November, 2005): 2, http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps496/Strforum/sf218/SF218_constabularyforces.pdf.
[8] Michiel de Weger, The Potential of the European Gendarmerie Force (The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael, 2009), 37, http://www.clingendael.nl/sites/default/files/20090400_cscp_gendarmerie_weger.pdf.
[9] Armitage and Moisan, "Constabulary Forces and Postconflict Transition," 2.
[10] Weger, European Gendarmerie Force, 25.
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This exhibition is open to all artists to display and sell their works. Submission of art is on January 7 and 8, 2015. Typically, hundreds of works fill the Gallery and are displayed from floor to ceiling in true salon style. All pieces must be for sale. The free Salon party on Saturday, January 24, from 6-8pm features live entertainment.
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St. Joe Signs A Letter Of Intent With Enova Energy Group To Spur Job Growth In Northwest Florida
The St. Joe Company (NYSE: JOE) today announced that it has signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) with Enova Energy Group ("Enova"), a full service, clean energy development company specializing in development and operations of contracted renewable based assets. The LOI contemplates economic development opportunities for Florida's Northwest region, including the potential to bolster usage of the AN Railway and make the Port of Port St. Joe operational.
The LOI anticipates new business development opportunities to create jobs in the region if all matters occur as contemplated in the LOI. Specifically, Enova has expressed an interest in transporting a minimum of 1 million metric tons per year of wood pellets using the AN Railway to the Port of Port St. Joe for further shipment to overseas markets. Additionally, Enova expressed an interest in using or developing Port site facilities provided that the Port is capable of accepting vessels of adequate size for the shipment of its commercial wood pellets.
With significant experience in related industries, Enova Energy Group is interested in developing, constructing, owning and operating wood pellet facilities throughout the southeastern United States. It is currently developing three wood pellet production facilities in other parts of the Southeastern United States and expects to make its first shipment of pellets in the fourth quarter of 2014. Enova also expects that its biomass to electricity plant in Plainfield, Conn., will start operations in the fourth quarter of 2013.
The Port of Port St. Joe is well positioned for bulk cargo shipments, offering access to rail, the U.S. Gulf Intracoastal Waterway and state and U.S. highways. The Port also has a navigational channel that is federally authorized to a maximum of 37 feet; however, dredging the Port's shipping channel to the authorized depth is necessary prior to commencing shipping activities. The Letter of Intent between The St. Joe Company and Enova Energy Group is contingent upon the Port of Port St. Joe receiving funding to complete maintenance dredging of the shipping channel.
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