text:
Using bandgap
Subclass of:
327 - Miscellaneous active electrical nonlinear devices, circuits, and systems
327530000 - With specific source of supply or bias voltage
327538000 - Stabilized (e.g., compensated, regulated, maintained, etc.)
Patent class list (only not empty are listed)
Deeper subclasses:
|Class / Patent application number
|Number of patent applications / Date published
|Using bandgap
|BAND-GAP REFERENCE VOLTAGE DETECTION CIRCUIT - Methods, devices, modules, and systems for a band-gap reference voltage detection circuit are provided. One embodiment for a band-gap reference voltage detection circuit includes a Brokaw cell having a band-gap reference voltage, and a circuit portion for indicating the magnitude of an input voltage signal with respect to the band-gap reference voltage. The input voltage is applied to transistor bases of the Brokaw cell.
|SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TRIMMING BANDGAP OFFSET WITH BIPOLAR DIODE ELEMENTS - An integrated circuit has an untrimmed bandgap generation circuit; and a bandgap generation circuit coupled to the untrimmed bandgap generation circuit. The bandgap generation circuit has a current source controlled by the untrimmed bandgap generation circuit and coupled in series with a resistor and a first bipolar diode device, one or more of bipolar diode devices, each bipolar diode device coupled in parallel with the first bipolar diode device, wherein a trimmed bandgap reference voltage output of the integrated circuit is a function of the number of bipolar diode devices.
|LOW-VOLTAGE OPERATION CONSTANT-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT - According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a low-voltage operation constant-voltage circuit includes a band-gap reference voltage circuit including a resistor-diode series circuit as a main component. A resistor and a diode-connected bipolar transistor are connected in series to create a constant current. It also includes an output circuit connected in parallel to the resistor-diode series circuit and formed so that the same constant current as the current flowing through the resistor-diode series circuit flows. The output circuit includes a diode-connected MOS transistor, and is configured to cancel the positive temperature coefficient of the current flowing through the output circuit by the MOS transistor. With this, a stable output low-voltage of, e.g., about 0.6 V, excellent in temperature characteristics can be obtained regardless of the ambient temperature changes.
|REFERENCE CURRENT CIRCUIT, REFERENCE VOLTAGE CIRCUIT, AND STARTUP CIRCUIT - A current mirror circuit
|ANALOG DELAY LINES AND ADAPTIVE BIASING - Examples of analog delay lines and analog delay systems, such as DLLs incorporating analog delay lines are described, as are circuits and methods for adaptive biasing. Embodiments of adaptive biasing are described and may generate a bias signal for an analog delay line during start-up. The bias signal may be based in part on the frequency of operation of the analog delay line.
|BANDGAP REFERENCE CIRCUIT - A circuit for generating a temperature-stabilized reference voltage on a semiconductor chip includes a differential pair including a first and a second bipolar junction transistor. The circuit further includes a feedback circuit including an amplification stage and configured to control a current flowing through the first bipolar junction transistor and a current flowing through the second bipolar junction transistor. A first resistor is connected between an emitter of the first bipolar junction transistor and an emitter of the second bipolar junction transistor, thereby generating a PTAT voltage across the first resistor. Further, the circuit includes a current source forcing a partial current having a CTAT behavior through the first resistor.
|METHODS AND APPARATUS TO PRODUCE FULLY ISOLATED NPN-BASED BANDGAP REFERENCE - Methods and apparatus to produce fully isolated NPN-based bandgap references are disclosed. A disclosed method to form a bandgap reference comprises generating a first current that is proportional-to-temperature, generating a second current that is complementary-to-temperature, and adding the currents to form a third current that is constant over a change in temperature.
|LOW-POWER VOLTAGE REFERENCE - A circuit provides a voltage reference using very low power. It can also be used as a shut regulator for a quiescent current as low as 1.5μA. It includes a transconductance amplifier, a gain stage, and a power transistor. One embodiment of this invention utilizes a work function difference between p
|SWITCHED BANDGAP REFERENCE CIRCUIT FOR RETENTION MODE - A low power bandgap reference circuit for retention mode in system on chips (SoCs). A switched bandgap reference includes bandgap reference circuit coupled to a storage capacitor through a switch. A logic having a set of control signals controls the switch and the bandgap reference circuit such that during a retention mode the bandgap reference circuit and the switch are active for a first time interval in response to the set of control signals to recharge the storage capacitor and then inactive for a second time interval in response to the set of control signals that decouples the bandgap reference circuit from the storage capacitor. The charge stored in the storage capacitor is used to generate a reference voltage.
|CONSTANT VOLTAGE CIRCUIT, CONSTANT VOLTAGE SUPPLY SYSTEM AND CONSTANT VOLTAGE SUPPLY METHOD - An input voltage signal VIN to be inputted to a gate terminal of a PMOS transistor M1 is converted to a voltage value which was level shifted at the source terminal by an inter-terminal voltage between the gate and source of the PMOS transistor M1. This conversion is carried out in accordance with a bias current I1 flowing from the constant current source IS through the source terminal of the PMOS transistor M1. The voltage thus converted is outputted from a source follower circuit through a capacitative element C1. A low-pass filter is constituted of the impedance of the PMOS transistor M1 and the capacitative element C1 in a signal path extending from the input voltage signal VIN to the source follower circuit.
|DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR GENERATING A REFERENCE VOLTAGE - Methods, devices, and systems are disclosed for a voltage reference generator. A voltage reference generator may comprise a bandgap voltage reference circuit configured to output two complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) signals. The voltage reference generator may further comprise a differential sensing device configured to sense the two complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) signals and generate a positive reference signal substantially insensitive to temperature variations over an operating temperature range.
|BANDGAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE CIRCUIT - A bandgap voltage reference circuit which provides a bandgap reference voltage without requiring a resistor. The circuit comprises an amplifier having an inverting input, a non-inverting input and an output. First and second bipolar transistors are provided which operate at different current densities each coupled to a corresponding one of the inverting and non-inverting inputs of the amplifier. A load MOS transistor of a first aspect ratio is driven by the amplifier to operate in the triode region with a corresponding drain-source resistance r
|BAND-GAP REFERENCE VOLTAGE DETECTION CIRCUIT - Methods, devices, modules, and systems for a band-gap reference voltage detection circuit are provided. One embodiment for a band-gap reference voltage detection circuit includes a Brokaw cell having a band-gap reference voltage, and a circuit portion for indicating the magnitude of an input voltage signal with respect to the band-gap reference voltage. The input voltage is applied to transistor bases of the Brokaw cell.
|GENERATOR AND METHOD FOR GENERATING REFERENCE VOLTAGE AND REFERENCE CURRENT - A generator for generating reference voltage and reference current includes a reference voltage generating circuit for generating a first voltage and a second voltage, which are in combination to produce a reference voltage. The first voltage and the second voltage are respectively having a first-direction response variation and a second-direction response variation, according to a temperature variation. A voltage-to-current inverting circuit is coupled to the reference voltage generating circuit for generating a first current, which has the first-direction response variation as the temperature variation, according to the first voltage. An adding circuit is coupled to the reference voltage generating circuit and the voltage-to-current inverting circuit to obtain a second current corresponding to the second voltage from the reference voltage generating circuit. The first current and the second current are added to have a reference current. The second current has the second-direction response variation as the temperature variation.
|NO-TRIM LOW-DROPOUT (LDO) AND SWITCH-MODE VOLTAGE REGULATOR CIRCUIT AND TECHNIQUE - An optimized output voltage circuit and technique obtainable without trimming is set forth. A voltage reference circuit and method devoid of trim resistors comprising a high gain amplifier, a plurality of bandgap resistors, and at least a plurality of bipolar devices interconnected across circuitry in a predetermined configuration having emitter areas greater than traditional emitter areas of traditional bipolar devices is set forth.
|FAST START-UP LOW-VOLTAGE BANDGAP REFERENCE VOLTAGE GENERATOR - A fast start-up low-voltage bandgap reference voltage generator uses two current generators to provide a first current having a positive temperature coefficient and a second current having a negative temperature coefficient, respectively, and a resistor to generate a temperature independent output voltage according to the sum of the first and second currents. The current generator for providing the first current has a self-bias circuit which uses a single MOSFET to establish the first current, and thereby avoids error caused by mismatched MOSFETs.
|BANDGAP REFERENCE GENERATOR UTILIZING A CURRENT TRIMMING CIRCUIT - A circuit for providing a bandgap voltage. The circuit includes a classic bandgap reference voltage generation circuit including first end second serially connected transistors acting as a current mirror to another portion of the classical bandgap reference circuit and being coupled between a supply voltage V
|NUMERICAL BAND GAP - A system includes a bandgap temperature sensor to generate multiple base-emitter voltages. The system also include a controller to detect the base-emitter voltages generated by the bandgap temperature sensor and to generate a bandgap reference voltage according to the multiple base-emitter voltage signals, the bandgap reference voltage having a voltage level that remains substantially constant relative to environmental temperature variations.
|BAND-GAP REFERENCE VOLTAGE GENERATOR FOR LOW-VOLTAGE OPERATION AND HIGH PRECISION - Provided is a band-gap reference voltage generator for low-voltage operation and high precision. The band-gap reference voltage generator minimizes voltage drop by connecting resistors in parallel to bipolar transistors, and cancels temperature dependence by properly adjusting a resistor of an output stage, so that it can provide a stable reference voltage that is unaffected by a change in temperature in spite of a low power supply voltage. Further, the band-gap reference voltage generator minimizes variation of the reference voltage caused by offset noise by switching of input and output voltages at input and output stages of a feedback amplifier, so that it can provide a precise reference voltage.
|Bandgap voltage reference circuit - A bandgap voltage reference circuit with an inherent curvature correction which comprises an amplifier having an inverting terminal, a non-inverting terminal and an output terminal is described. A first and second bipolar transistor operable at different current densities are provided each of the transistors being coupled to a corresponding one of the inverting and non-inverting terminals of the amplifier such that a ΔVbe is reflected across a first load element. A current biasing circuit is provided which includes a semiconductor device coupled to each of the first and second bipolar transistors and is configured for applying a non-linear bias current to the first and second bipolar transistors for biasing thereof.
|Low voltage current and voltage generator - A bandgap reference circuit which is operable in low supply conditions is described. Such a circuit includes a second amplifier and a resistor at the output of a bandgap reference cell to create a constant current summing node at which PTAT and CTAT currents are summed. In modifications to the circuit it is possible to also provide a voltage reference node corresponding to the signal provided at the summing node. A further modification enables generation of a second voltage reference whose value is related to the base emitter voltage Vbe of a bipolar transistor. Further modifications provided for the generation of curvature correction within the circuit by biasing each of the first and second bipolar transistors Q1 and Q2 with currents of different forms.
|MULTI-CHIP PACKAGE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE - An efficient logic chip operating power supply having digital circuits in a multi-chip package is provided. A multi-chip package semiconductor device fabricated in common with a driver chip having analog circuits and a logic chip having digital circuits, a logic chip power supply circuit is provided in which a driver chip creates a logic chip power supply dedicated for the logic chip. The logic chip has internal logic circuitry operating by receiving a power supply from the logic chip power supply circuit via power input terminals.
|APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING POWER IN SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AND INPUT IMPEDANCE CONTROL METHOD OF THE SAME - An apparatus for supplying power in a semiconductor integrated circuit includes a plurality of power lines, each supplying external power to an interior of the semiconductor integrated circuit, and at least one decoupling capacitor set connected to the plurality of power lines and having a resistance value configured to be variable according to a bias voltage.
|METHODS AND APPARATUS TO SENSE A PTAT REFERENCE IN A FULLY ISOLATED NPN-BASED BANDGAP REFERENCE - Methods and apparatus for a PTAT reference in a fully isolated NPN-based bandgap references are disclosed. A disclosed method to form a bandgap reference comprises generating a first current that is constant over a change in temperature, generating a second current that is complementary-to-temperature, and generating a current that is proportional-to-temperature.
|POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT USING INSULATED-GATE FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS - A power supply circuit is disclosed. The power supply circuit is provided with a reference voltage generation circuit to receive a voltage from a higher voltage supply so as to generate a reference voltage. The reference voltage from the reference voltage generation circuit is outputted to a power supply voltage generation circuit. The power supply voltage generation circuit boosts the reference voltage to generate a boosted power supply voltage. The boosted power supply voltage is inputted to a bandgap reference circuit. The bandgap reference circuit generates a reference voltage by using the boosted power supply voltage.
|METHOD FOR SENSING INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE INCLUDING ADJUSTABLE GAIN AND OFFSET - Embodiments of the invention include a temperature sensor method for providing an output voltage response that is linear to the temperature of the integrated circuit to which the temperature sensor belongs and/or the integrated circuit die on which the temperature sensor resides. The output voltage of the temperature sensor has an adjustable gain component and an adjustable voltage offset component that both are adjustable independently based on circuit parameters. The inventive temperature sensor includes an offset circuit that diverts a portion of current from the scaled PTAT current before the current is sourced through the output resistor. The offset circuit includes a bandgap circuit arrangement, a voltage to current converter arrangement, and a current mirror arrangement that are configured to provide a voltage offset adjustable based on independent circuit parameters such as resistor value ratios and transistor device scaling ratios. The gain of the temperature sensor also is based on similar independent circuit parameters.
|CONSTANT-VOLTAGE GENERATING CIRCUIT AND REGULATOR CIRCUIT - A constant-voltage generating circuit includes: a reference potential generating unit; first and second amplifier units whose outputs are respectively connected to the output line; and a low-pass filter, and wherein first and second operation periods are repeated, one alternating with the other, the first amplifier unit stores offset voltage of the first amplifier unit during the second operation period, and produces an output, during the first operation period, that brings the first potential and the second potential equal to each other by canceling out the offset voltage using the stored offset voltage, and the second amplifier unit stores offset voltage of the second amplifier unit during the first operation period, and produces an output, during the second operation period, that brings the first potential and the second potential equal to each other by canceling out the offset voltage using the stored offset voltage.
|TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION CIRCUIT - A temperature compensation circuit performing temperature compensation of an analog reference voltage, includes: a first reference voltage generating circuit generating a first voltage of which a voltage level varies depending on a temperature; a second reference voltage generating circuit generating a second voltage of which a voltage level is independent of a temperature and having a circuit configuration that is same as a circuit configuration of the first reference voltage generating circuit; an inverting amplifier having a gain of 1, which inverts and amplifies a voltage difference between the first voltage and the second voltage so as to generate a third voltage; and a differential amplifier amplifying a voltage difference between the third voltage and the first voltage so as to generate a fourth voltage In the temperature compensation circuit, the differential amplifier includes: a first operational amplifier; a first resistor coupled between a first node and a second node that is an inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier; a second resistor coupled between a third node and a fourth node that is a non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier; a third resistor coupled between the second node and a fifth node that is an output node of the first operational amplifier; and a fourth resistor coupled between the fourth node and a sixth node to which an analog reference voltage is applied. Further, in the circuit, resistance values of the first resistor and the second resistor are set to be same as each other, and resistance values of the third resistor and the fourth resistor are set to be same as each other.
|BANDGAP REFERENCE CIRCUIT WITH LOW OPERATING VOLTAGE - A bandgap reference circuit comprising a current mirror, an operational amplifier, first and second BJT transistors is disclosed. The current mirror comprises a first input terminal, a second input terminal and at least one output terminal. The operational amplifier is coupled to the current mirror, wherein a first transistor and a second transistor respectively coupled to the first and the second input terminals have a zero or near zero threshold voltage. The first and second BJT transistors are coupled to two input terminals of the operational amplifier respectively, wherein at least one of the first and second BJT transistors is coupled to the output terminal of the current mirror through a conductive path.
|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A LOW-NOISE, TEMPERATURE-COMPENSATED BANDGAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE - A bandgap voltage reference circuit is achieved that does not resort to the use of resistors or regulation loops and is thus able to achieve improved noise performance while also exhibiting absolute stability, no start-up issues, and low input-voltage operation. Subcircuits comprised of four interconnected transistors of different junction areas are used to create differential base-emitter voltage sources with magnitudes that vary in direct proportion to absolute temperature. The voltages from several of these subcircuits are combined without resistors to create a voltage source that is proportional to absolute temperature. An additional transistor is operated as a forward-biased PN junction to create a voltage source that varies in a sense that is complementary to absolute temperature. By a judicious choice of the transistor-junction-area ratios and the number of subcircuits that are summed, the combination of the complementary and proportional voltage references produces a bandgap voltage reference that is nearly constant with variations in temperature. The unique summation technique presented results in a bandgap reference with a noise performance that is more than an order of magnitude better than the prior art, particularly for applications requiring low current consumption.
|Bandgap voltage reference circuit - A voltage reference circuit is provided with: an operational amplifier circuit; first and second resistor elements; first and second diodes; and first and second transistors. The first resistor element and the first diode are connected in series between a first input terminal of the operational amplifier circuit and a reference level node. The second resistor element and the second diode are connected in series between a second input terminal of the operational amplifier circuit and the reference level node. The first transistor is connected between a power supply node and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier circuit and has a control electrode receiving an output of the operational amplifier circuit. The second transistor is connected between the power supply node and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier circuit and has a control electrode receiving the output of the operational amplifier circuit. The value of R12·ln(n11·n22)/(R12·n12·R11) is adjusted to approximately 23.25, where R11 and R12 are resistance values of the first and second resistor elements, n11 is a ratio of an area of a p-n junction of the second diode to an area of a p-n junction of the first diode, and n12 is a ratio of a W/L ratio of the first transistor to a W/L ratio of the second transistor.
|CURVATURE-COMPENSATED BAND-GAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE CIRCUIT - A band-gap reference voltage is developed by a phase-clocked band-gap circuit including a single PN junction through which first and second constant currents are alternately directed. A current proportional to absolute temperature is selectively added to one of the first and second constant currents to curvature-compensate the developed band-gap reference voltage. The band-gap circuit is calibrated at any desired temperature by interrupting the curvature compensation current and trimming the one constant current to bring the un-compensated band-gap reference voltage into correspondence with a nominal band-gap voltage functionally related to the calibration temperature and circuit component values.
|COMPENSATED BANDGAP - An integrated circuit has an untrimmed bandgap generation circuit; and a bandgap generation circuit coupled to the untrimmed bandgap generation circuit. The bandgap generation circuit has a current source controlled by the untrimmed bandgap generation circuit and coupled in series with a resistor and a first bipolar diode device, one or more of bipolar diode devices, each bipolar diode device coupled in parallel with the first bipolar diode device, wherein a trimmed bandgap reference voltage output of the integrated circuit is a function of the number of bipolar diode devices.
|REFERENCE VOLTAGE CIRCUIT - Provided is a reference voltage circuit in which a temperature characteristic of a reference voltage is excellent and a circuit scale is small. In the reference voltage circuit, for example, a temperature correction circuit separated from the reference voltage circuit is not used and a difference voltage between threshold voltages of two E-type NMOS transistors (
|CONSTANT-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT - A constant-voltage circuit includes a first reference voltage generation unit which generates a reference voltage using a bandgap voltage of a bipolar transistor, a second reference voltage generation unit which generates a reference voltage using a field effect transistor, a constant voltage generation unit which generates a constant voltage with reference to either an output voltage of the first reference voltage generation unit or an output voltage of the second reference voltage generation unit, and a control unit which controls the first reference voltage generation unit, the second reference voltage generation unit, and the constant voltage generation unit. During an initial activation period, the first reference voltage generation unit and the second reference voltage generation unit are operated, and during a subsequent operation period, the first reference voltage generation unit is stopped.
|SYSTEM FOR ADJUSTING OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF BAND GAP VOLTAGE GENERATOR - An apparatus comprises a band gap voltage generator circuit for generating a band gap voltage. A temperature invariant current generator is located within the band gap voltage generator circuit for generating a temperature invariant current. A temperature invariant current correction circuit is located within the band gap voltage generator circuit and adjusts the output voltage responsive to the temperature invariant current without altering temperature characteristics of the temperature invariant current.
|Low Power Reference - A low power reference device is disclosed. The low power reference device includes a precision reference module, a low power reference module, a calibration module, an output module and one or more sequencers. The precision reference module is configured to output a first reference signal while the low power reference module is configured to output a second reference signal. The calibration module is configured to receive the first and second reference signals and output a correction signal to the low power reference module. The output module is configured to receive the first and second reference signals and output a final reference signal. The one or more sequencers are configured to drive each of the precision reference modules, low power reference module, calibration module and output module according to a predetermined timing sequence.
|Bi-directional Trimming Methods and Circuits for a Precise Band-Gap Reference - A bandgap reference circuit has trimming-up resistors and trimming-down resistors for bi-directional trimming. PNP transistors have base and collectors grounded and emitters connected to parallel resistors. A difference resistor drives an inverting input of an op amp that drives a transistor that generates the bandgap reference voltage Vbg. A sensing resistor connects Vbg to a splitting node that connects to the non-inverting input through a first parallel resistor. The splitting node also connects through a second parallel resistor to the inverting input. Fuses or switches enable the trimming-up and trimming-down resistors. The trimming-up resistors are in series with the sensing resistor and the trimming-down resistors are in series with an output resistor that connects Vbg to reference voltage Vref. The circuit can be designed for a more typical process since bi-directional trimming allows Vref to be raised or lowered. Many circuits need no trimming when targeted for the typical process.
|COMPLEMENTARY BAND-GAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE CIRCUIT - A complementary band-gap voltage reference circuit comprising first and second groups of transistors, each group containing a first transistor of npn type and a second transistor of pnp type and the transistors of different types in the same group having different emitter current conduction areas. The emitter-collector paths of the first transistors of each group are connected in parallel so as to present differential base-emitter voltages. The second transistors of each group are connected with their emitter-collector paths in parallel with a base-emitter junction of the first transistor of the same group so as to present differential base-emitter voltages of the second transistors across the first and second groups of transistors. The output regulated voltage is an additive function of the differential base-emitter voltages and of additive base-emitter voltages of transistors with smaller emitter current conduction area and different type.
|TEST CIRCUIT FOR MONITORING A BANDGAP CIRCUIT - A test circuit provided to monitor a bandgap circuit that outputs a bandgap reference voltage The test circuit includes a reference voltage test module to output a first pass signal when an operating voltage of the bandgap circuit is greater than a first threshold voltage; an output test module to output a second pass signal when an output voltage of the bandgap circuit is greater than a second threshold voltage; and an overdrive test module to output a third pass signal when a minimum operating voltage of the test circuit is detected. Furthermore, a logic circuit is provided and coupled to outputs of each of the test modules. The logic circuit is further configured to output an operating signal, which indicates that the bandgap reference voltage is stable, after receiving the first, second, and third pass signals.
|REFERENCE CIRCUIT FOR PROVIDING PRECISION VOLTAGE AND PRECISION CURRENT - A reference circuit for providing a precision voltage and a precision current includes a bandgap voltage reference circuit, a positive temperature coefficient calibrating circuit, a threshold voltage superposing circuit and precision current generator interconnected in cascade. From the bandgap voltage reference circuit, a bandgap voltage is outputted as the precision voltage, and a PTAT current is outputted to the positive temperature coefficient calibrating circuit along with the bandgap voltage for generating a PTAT voltage. In response to the PTAT voltage from the positive temperature coefficient calibrating circuit, the threshold voltage superposing circuit generates a first voltage which is equal to the PTAT voltage plus a threshold voltage. Then the precision current generator outputs a reference current as the precision current in response to the first voltage.
|Thermal Sensing Circuit Using Bandgap Voltage Reference Generators Without Trimming Circuitry - Methods, systems and thermal sensing apparatus are provided that use bandgap voltage reference generators that do not use trimming circuitry. Further, circuits, systems, and methods in accordance with the present invention are provided that do not use large amounts of chip real estate and do not require a separate thermal sensing element.
|REFERENCE CURRENT GENERATING CIRCUIT - A reference current generating circuit includes an operational amplifier having one input terminal to receive a reference voltage and a field effect transistor having a gate to receive an output voltage of the operational amplifier. k resistors (k is an integer not less than 2) are connected in series to a drain of the field effect transistor, and a voltage at one of connection points of the resistors is feed backed to the other input terminal of the operational amplifier. A switch selects one of the connection points of the resistors and applies the voltage of the selected connection point as a reference voltage to a gate of a reference transistor to generate a reference current.
|Electronic Device and Method Providing a Voltage Reference - An electronic device includes a bandgap reference voltage generation stage. The bandgap reference voltage generation stage comprises a device with a PN-junction, a current source feeding a first current during a first period of time and a second higher current during a second period of time through the PN-junction. The bandgap reference voltage is generated from a combination of a first voltage drop across the PN-junction during the first period of time and a second voltage drop across the PN-junction during the second period of time. This bandgap reference voltage is formed using switched capacitors.
|REFERENCE VOLTAGE GENERATING CIRCUIT FOR USE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT - An amplifying circuit receives an output from a comparator. The output is provided to each gate of first, second and third transistors. First and second resistors are connected in series. The first and second resistors and a first diode are connected to a drain of the first transistor. Second diodes are connected in parallel. The second diodes are connected to one end of a third resistor. The other end of the third resistor is connected to a drain of the second transistor. Fourth and fifth resistors are connected in series. One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the drain of the second transistor. The comparator receives first and second feedback voltages respectively obtained from a connection node between the first and second resistors and a connection node between the fourth and fifth resistors. A drain of the third transistor outputs a reference voltage.
|Bandgap Reference Circuits for Providing Accurate Sub-1V Voltages - A reference voltage circuit includes a first PMOS device having a first source, a first gate, and a first drain, wherein the first source is coupled to a power supply node; and a second PMOS device having a second source, a second gate and, a second drain. The second source is coupled to the power supply node. The first and the second PMOS devices have constant source-drain currents. The reference voltage circuit further includes a third PMOS device having a third source, a third gate, and a third drain; and a resistor coupled between the third drain and the ground. The third source is coupled to the power supply node. The first, the second, and the third gates are interconnected. The first, the second, and the third drains are virtually interconnected.
|REFERENCE SIGNAL GENERATING CIRCUIT - According to an aspect of the invention, a reference signal generating circuit includes a band gap reference main unit that includes a first cascode current mirror unit having a plurality of first conductive-type transistors; a second cascode current mirror unit having a plurality of second conductive-type transistors; a reference unit that uses a band gap to generate a reference signal; a first bias voltage generating unit that generates a bias voltage of the second cascode current mirror unit; a second bias voltage generating unit that generates a bias voltage of the first cascode current mirror unit; and an output unit that generates a reference signal based upon an output of the band gap reference main unit to generate and outputs the reference signal, wherein the second cascode current mirror unit is connected between the first cascode current mirror unit and the reference unit.
|PROGRAMMABLE BANDGAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE - A bandgap reference circuit includes an amplifier configured to provide an output voltage dependent upon voltages appearing at an inverting input and a non-inverting input. The bandgap reference circuit also includes a first transistor coupled between the non-inverting input and a circuit ground reference, and a first resistor coupled to the inverting input. The bandgap reference circuit also includes a number of second transistors coupled in parallel between the circuit ground reference and the first resistor. At least a portion of the second transistors are connected to the first resistor through a plurality of programmably selectable switches.
|BANDGAP REFERENCE CIRCUIT - A bandgap reference circuit generating bandgap reference voltage/current. The bandgap reference circuit generates a negative temperature coefficient current (I
|Low Supply Voltage Bandgap System - A system and a method is disclosed for allowing bandgap circuitry to function on a low supply voltage integrated circuit, and for using the reference voltage (Vbg) generated by the bandgap circuitry to enable a reference voltage to control system voltage. An illustrative embodiment comprises a charge pump to raise a supply voltage to a system voltage, and an open loop controller, which provides a first signal to activate the charge pump, enabling a bandgap circuit, which outputs a bandgap voltage reference. Further, the system comprises a closed loop controller, which regulates the system voltage by comparing the system voltage to the bandgap reference voltage. Upon the system voltage falling below a target voltage, the closed loop controller provides a second signal to activate the charge pump. Additionally the system comprises a switch controller, which selects the closed loop controller upon sensing the bandgap circuit is active.
|PROCESS INDEPENDENT CURVATURE COMPENSATION SCHEME FOR BANDGAP REFERENCE - In a voltage reference circuit, a bandgap reference circuit, for generating a bandgap reference voltage and a reference current, includes an operation amplifier, and a first transistor for providing the reference current. Another transistor mirrors the reference current to provide a first current. A compensation controller converts a node voltage from the bandgap reference circuit into a second current and performs current subtraction on the first current and the second current to provide a compensation feedback current to another node of the bandgap reference circuit. So that, second order temperature compensation is performed on the bandgap reference voltage.
|BANDGAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE CIRCUIT, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR REDUCED OUTPUT CURVATURE - A bandgap voltage reference circuit includes a current generation stage configured to generate a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current and a complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) current and to generate a reference current by combining the PTAT and CTAT currents. An output stage is coupled to the current generation stage and configured to combine the PTAT current and the CTAT current to generate a bandgap voltage reference. A curvature correction circuit is configured to generate a curvature correction current that mirrors the reference current generated from the PTAT and CTAT currents. The curvature correction current has a ratio relative to the reference current given by a current ratio parameter having value that is less than one, equal to one, or greater than one. In this way the value of the current ratio parameter can be varied to cancel a non-linear dependence on temperature of the bandgap voltage reference, thereby providing a curvature-compensated bandgap voltage reference.
|Bandgap Reference Apparatus and Methods - Structure and methods for a compensated bandgap reference circuit. A first integrated circuit die having a first bandgap reference circuit with a non-zero temperature coefficient; and having a first output reference signal is provided, a second integrated circuit die having a second bandgap reference circuit with a non-zero temperature coefficient that is of opposite polarity from the temperature coefficient of the first bandgap reference circuit, and having a second output reference signal is provided; an adder circuit disposed on at least one of the first and second integrated circuit dies combines the first and second output reference signals, and outputs a combined reference signal; and connectors for connecting the first and second output signals to the adder circuit are provided. Methods are disclosed for pairing integrated circuit dies with bandgap reference circuits and coupling the dies to form temperature compensated signals.
|AUTO-CALIBRATING A VOLTAGE REFERENCE - A method and circuitry for determining a temperature-independent bandgap reference voltage are disclosed. The method includes determining a quantity proportional to an internal series resistance of a p-n junction diode and determining the temperature-independent bandgap reference voltage using the quantity proportional to an internal series resistance.
|ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, VOLTAGE REFERENCE GENERATION CIRCUIT, AND CALIBRATION METHOD OF THE CIRCUIT - A voltage generation circuit that includes: a voltage generator integrated in a semiconductor chip and structured to generate an output voltage in accordance with a calibration parameter; a heater operable to heat the voltage generator; a control device configured to receive the output voltage, activate the heater and provide the calibration parameter to the voltage generator.
|BANDGAP CIRCUIT AND START CIRCUIT THEREOF - A start circuit adapted to start a reference circuit including a plurality of bias nodes is provided. The start circuit includes a current source, a current minor, a load device, and a control device. The current source determines whether or not to generate an internal current according to a plurality of bias voltages on a part of the bias nodes. The current minor duplicates the internal current to produce a mirrored current. The load device adjusts a control voltage according to the mirrored current. The control device determines whether or not to generate a start voltage according to the control voltage, and transmits the start voltage to one of the part of the bias nodes, so as to break the reference circuit away from a zero-current state.
|CIRCUIT FOR GENERATING REFERENCE VOLTAGE - Provided is a circuit for generating a reference voltage. The circuit includes a band gap circuit generating a first current having a size that increases in proportion to an absolute temperature and a second current having a size that decreases in proportion to the absolute temperature, and outputting a reference voltage based on the first current and the second current; a mirroring circuit mirroring a sum of the first current and the second current and outputting a mirroring voltage that is in proportion to the sum of the first current and the second current; and a start-up circuit receiving the mirroring voltage from the mirroring circuit and providing a driving current for generating the first current or the second current to the band gap circuit until a time when the first current starts to be generated in the band gap circuit.
|Graphene Device, Method of Investigating Graphene, and Method of Operating Graphene Device - The present invention provides for a graphene device comprising: a first gate structure, a second gate structure that is transparent or semi-transparent, and a bilayer graphene coupled to the first and second gate structures, the bilayer graphene situated at least partially between the first and second gate structures. The present invention also provides for a method of investigating semiconductor properties of bilayer graphene and a method of operating the graphene device by producing a bandgap of at least 50 mV within the bilayer graphene by using the graphene device.
|Circuit arrangement for generating a temperature-compensated voltage or current reference value - A circuit arrangement for generating a temperature-compensated voltage or current reference value (UREF) from a supply voltage (VCC) based on the bandgap principle comprises a PTAT circuit (
|SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME - A semiconductor device and a power voltage supply circuit for a test operation of a semiconductor system including the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device receives first and second power supply voltages in a normal operation mode from an external device and receives the first power supply voltage in a test operation mode. The semiconductor device includes a voltage level setting unit configured to set a power connection node at a voltage between a voltage level of a first power supply voltage terminal and a voltage level of a ground voltage terminal according to an operation mode signal, and a voltage driving unit configured to drive a second power supply voltage terminal with the first power supply voltage in the test operation mode, wherein the driving power is controlled according to the voltage level of the power connection node.
|SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE - A semiconductor device is capable of generating an internal voltage having a voltage level that is dependent on an external power supply voltage. The semiconductor device includes an internal voltage generation unit configured to generate a plurality of internal voltages having different voltage levels by using an external power supply voltage, a voltage level detection unit configured to detect a voltage level of the external power supply voltage, and a selection unit configured to selectively output one of the internal voltages in response to a detection result of the voltage level detection unit.
|VOLATAGE BANDGAP REFERENCE CIRCUIT - A voltage bandgap reference circuit includes a voltage keeping circuit, for keeping a first voltage at a first point and a second voltage at a second point to a constant level; a first NMOSFET, having a drain terminal coupled to the first point and a source terminal coupled to a first specific voltage level; and a second NMOSFET, having a drain terminal coupled to the second point and a source terminal coupled to the first specific voltage level.
|SECOND ORDER CORRECTION CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR BANDGAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE - A system and method are provided for a more accurate bandgap voltage reference wherein the first and second order errors are corrected simultaneously. By using the components included in the correction of the first order error, the second order errors are corrected, advantageously providing less process variability.
|BANDGAP CIRCUIT AND TEMPERATURE SENSING CIRCUIT INCLUDING THE SAME - A temperature sensing circuit includes a bandgap unit configured to output a temperature voltage varying according to a temperature and a reference voltage sustaining a predetermined level. A comparator is configured to compare the temperature voltage and the reference voltage and output temperature information.
|BANDGAP-REFERENCED THERMAL SENSOR - A thermal sensor for an integrated circuit including a bandgap reference circuit. The thermal sensor includes a comparator that compares a temperature dependent voltage generated by the bandgap reference circuit to a temperature independent voltage, where both temperatures are referenced to the bandgap reference voltage generated by the bandgap reference circuit. The thermal sensor generates a digital output control signal based on a predetermined relationship between the temperature dependent voltage and the temperature independent reference voltage. When used as a thermal shutdown circuit, the comparator generates a thermal shut-down signal when the dependent temperature voltage decreases (or increases) with rising system temperature to equal to the temperature independent reference voltage. The comparator is implemented using an operational amplifier that is connected to existing circuitry associated with the bandgap reference circuit.
|BANDGAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE CIRCUIT - A bandgap voltage reference circuit includes an operational amplifier, a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first diode, a second diode, and a divider. The first transistor, the second transistor, and the third transistor form current mirrors. The reference current of the current mirrors is generated according to the first diode, the second diode, and the first resistor. The reference voltage of the voltage reference circuit is output from the first end of the second resistor. The divider is coupled to the second end of the second resistor so that the reference voltage of the voltage reference circuit can be reduced.
|LINEAR VOLTAGE REGULATOR GENERATING SUB-REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGES - A linear voltage regulator includes a pair of amplifiers. A first amplifier of the pair is used in conventional fashion to generate a regulated output voltage by controlling an impedance of a pass transistor in the linear voltage regulator, the controlling being based on a difference between a reference voltage and a voltage at a first node in a voltage divider network connected between the output terminal of the voltage regulator and a ground terminal. The second amplifier of the pair compares the regulated output voltage and a voltage at a second node in the voltage divider network, and injects a proportional current into the first node. Generation of a regulated output voltage lesser than the reference voltage is thereby enabled.
|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR A PROCESS SENSOR TO COMPENSATE SOC PARAMETERS IN THE PRESENCE OF IC PROCESS MANUFACTURING VARIATIONS - Certain aspects of a method and system for a process sensor to compensate SoC parameters in the presence of IC process manufacturing variations are disclosed. Aspects of one method may include determining an amount of process variation associated with at least one transistor within a single integrated circuit. The determined amount of process variation may be compensated by utilizing a process dependent current, a bandgap current, and a current associated with a present temperature of the transistor. The process dependent current, the bandgap current and the current associated with the present temperature of the transistor may be combined to generate an output current. A voltage generated across a variable resistor may be determined based on the generated output current.
|OPAMP-LESS BANDGAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE WITH HIGH PSRR AND LOW VOLTAGE IN CMOS PROCESS - A circuit includes an OPAMP-less bandgap voltage generating core circuit connected between a regulated voltage and a ground reference to generate an output bandgap voltage. A preregulator circuit generates the regulated voltage from an unregulated supply voltage. The preregulator circuit includes a negative feedback loop operable to stabilize the regulated voltage and a current source operable to source current for the regulated voltage, the current source mirroring a PTAT current of the OPAMP-less bandgap voltage generating core circuit. The core circuit further includes a negative feedback loop and a positive feedback loop, the negative and positive feedback loops functioning to equalize two internal voltages within the core.
|REFERENCE VOLTAGE GENERATOR AND INTEGRATED CIRCUIT INCLUDING A REFERENCE VOLTAGE GENERATOR - A reference voltage generator and an integrated circuit including the reference voltage generator. The reference voltage generator includes a band gap reference circuit and a start-up circuit. The band gap reference circuit provides a reference voltage to a load. The start-up circuit increases the provided reference voltage by providing a boosting current to the load based on a difference between the provided reference voltage and a target reference voltage responsive to a start-up signal, thereby reducing a time in which the provided reference voltage reaches the target reference voltage. Therefore, the reference voltage generator is configured to provide a target reference voltage within a predetermined time.
|Low noise voltage reference circuit - A low noise voltage reference circuit is described. The reference circuit utilizes a bandgap reference component and may include at least one of a current shunt or filter to reduce high and low noise contributions to the output. Further modifications may include a curvature correction component.
|Bandgap Voltage and Temperature Coefficient Trimming Algorithm - A circuit and corresponding method for providing a reference voltage are presented. The circuit includes a current source having a magnitude with positive temperature correlation connected to a node, and a diode element connected between the node and ground, where the reference voltage is provided from the node. The circuit also includes a variable resistance connected to receive an input indicative of the circuit temperature and through which the diode element is connected to the node. The value of the variable resistance is adjusted based upon the circuit temperature input. The circuit is useful for application as a peripheral circuitry, such as on a flash or other non-volatile memory and other circuits requiring an on-chip reference voltage source.
|REFERENCE VOLTAGE GENERATORS, INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, AND METHODS FOR OPERATING THE REFERENCE VOLTAGE GENERATORS - A reference voltage generator is described. The reference voltage generator includes a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current source, the PTAT current source being capable of providing a first current that is proportional to a temperature. The reference voltage generator further includes a current mirror comprising a first transistor and a second transistor, the current mirror configured to generate a second current proportional to the first current, wherein a ratio of the first current to the second current is equal to a ratio of a gate width of the first transistor to a gate width of the second transistor. The reference voltage generator further includes a voltage divider, the voltage divider being capable of receiving the second current, the voltage divider capable of outputting a reference voltage, the reference voltage being substantially independent from a change of the temperature.
|SWITCHED-CAPACITOR, CURVATURE-COMPENSATED BANDGAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE - In a novel aspect, producing a reference bandgap voltage includes generating a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) voltage difference based on respective voltages across a first pair of diodes. The PTAT voltage difference is sampled and scaled using a switched-capacitor amplifier. The switched-capacitor amplifier also is used to sample and scale a difference in voltages across a second pair of diodes, one of which is biased with a PTAT current and the other of which is biased with a current that exhibits little or no linear temperature dependency. The scaled voltage differences are combined with a voltage corresponding to a voltage across the diode that is biased with the PTAT current so as to at least partially compensate for linear and non-linear temperature-dependent components of the voltage across the diode.
|REFERENCE VOLTAGE GENERATING CIRCUIT - A reference voltage generating circuit that accurately corrects temperature characteristics of a BGR (bandgap reference) circuit and a regulator. A voltage dividing circuit outputs first and second voltages obtained by dividing a BGR voltage. The regulator includes a differential amplifier, first and second resisters coupled in series between the output terminal of the differential amplifier and the ground. The positive input terminal of the differential amplifier receives the BGR voltage, and the negative input terminal is coupled to a coupled node between third and fourth resistors. The BGR circuit outputs a third voltage varying with a temperature determined by a predetermined amount of current flowing in the BGR circuit and a predetermined resistor. A temperature-characteristics correcting circuit controls a correcting current flowing through the coupled node so that its magnitude varies with the difference between the first and third voltages, and the difference between the second and third voltages.
|POLYSILICON DIODE BANDGAP REFERENCE - Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide a bandgap reference voltage using at least one polysilicon diode and no silicon diodes. The polysilicon diode is comprised of three portions, a lightly doped portion flanked by a more heavily doped portion on each end.
|BUFFER CIRCUIT - A buffer circuit includes a first current mirror circuit, a second current mirror circuit, a first transistor, and a second transistor. The first current mirror circuit passes a first mirror current through a second node, corresponding to a first current passed through a first node, and is activated based on a first activating signal. The second current mirror circuit is connected to the first node and the second node, passes a second mirror current through the second node, corresponding to a second current passed through the first node, and is activated based on a second activating signal. The first transistor has a gate to which a reference voltage is applied and has a drain connected to the first node. The second transistor has a gate to which an input voltage is applied and has a drain connected to the second node.
Patent applications in class Using bandgap


text:
Holy hotness, Kim Kardashian! The reality star flaunted her hot bikini body in an all-new Instagram picture on July 18. Seriously, Kim has never looked better!
Kim Kardashian, 33, is one hot mama! The reality star sizzled in a black bikini and showed off incredible body in a new Instagram photo on July 18. The reality star is on vacation and she is proving she is more than bikini season ready. So hot!
Kim Kardashian Flaunts Her Sexy Body In Sizzling Bikini Selfie
Kim Kardashian has so many reasons to celebrate. The 33-year-old is not only celebrating 16 million followers on Instagram, but she is rocking a seriously incredible body for the summer.
The Keeping Up With The Kardashians star posted a red-hot bikini selfie as she lounged poolside in Mexico on July 18. She captioned the photo, "#NoFlexZone."
The picture shows off Kim's ample cleavage, her itty-bitty waist and voluptuous curves. Kim has been working hard in the gym ever since the birth of daughter North West in June 2013 and the star is now flaunting her fantastic post-baby body.
On July 17, Kim tweeted her happiness over reaching 16 million Instagram followers and promised she'd "celebrate" with pics. "I just got to 16mil Instagram followers! This makes me soooo happy! I'm gonna post some pics tomorrow to celebrate!!!" she tweeted.
We are so happy that Kim is relaxing and having fun in Mexico. She looks incredible and should feel absolutely amazing about herself. She must feel great because she's been flaunting that toned body in some very revealing pics!
Kim Kardashian Goes Topless In Sexy Butt-Baring Bikini
Kim has been showing off her hot bod in Mexico and even went topless! Kim took her bathing suit top off and looked oh so hot in a butt-baring bikini on July 17. So sexy, Kim!
She captioned the photo, "#OurLovelyLadyLumps." They sure are lovely! Kim seems to be having a great time getting tan in Mexico at friend Joe Francis' home. We know that Kanye will be racing to Mexico as soon as possible once he sees these hot pics!
HollywoodLifers, what do you think of Kim's bikini selfie? Is it totally hot or what? Let us know!
– Avery Thompson
More Kim Kardashian News:
- Kylie Jenner Calls Sister Kendall A 'Whore' — Too Mean?
- Kim Kardashian Breaks Down Crying While Ziplining In Thailand
- 'KUWTK': Kim Kardashian Says She Has No Sympathy For Rob Kardashian
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text:
Good Evening! How are you guys? I hope everything is wonderful!
As for me, I'm writing this tiny blog just to tell ya 2 things, not much on schedule today :P
First thing's first. Do you know which day's today? No? :( Today is my 4th Anniversary on GameSpot! :D I'm super glad to have lasted this long :lol: I hope you guys throw me a party, thay would great!
Anyway, congrats to me! :D
Also, to celebrate this anniversary, I've decided to make a new theme. Yet, it still features The Evil Queen/Regina Mills from Once Upon A Time, she's a total BAMF! :lol:
Here is the sig:
Do you guys like it? Reviws Please! :D
So it seems my blog is going to end soon :( I hope to remain in GameSpot for another 4 years, although with the glitches, it seems hard :? And please comment my beloved blog, Reviews and Comments are love! :D
See you around! ;)


text:
Residents encouraged to participate in "Boxes of Blessings."
A new organization has taken aim at enriching the lives of Santa Clarita Senior Citizens over this holiday season.
The Grands organization has developed a program called "Boxes of Blessings" in which community members collect little, yet important items for our seniors.
There are more than 800 shut-ins living in town, and thousands more seniors living independently or in some form of assisted care.
The Grands organization says that their goal is to distribute the Boxes of Blessings to seniors over the holiday season to brighten their lives.
Here's how you can help put together your own box. Start by getting your hands on a shoebox and simply wrap it in brown paper (boxes will only be accepted if they are shoeboxes). Then, decorate the box in whatever style you like, using ribbon, drawings, or anything related to the holiday you are donating for.
Inside the box, Grands recommends that you place a personal, signed card from you or your family, and anything else you think a senior would enjoy. Below is a list of some suggestions of things you can also put in the box.
A $5.00 gift card to a restaurant in town.
A Thanksgiving, Christmas, or other holiday decoration.
Crossword puzzle book
A pen or pencil
A Handmade craft
Hard Candies
Small canned ham
Small cans of vegetables
Small applesauce or puddings
Fall cookies
Tea bags/coffee singles
Juice Boxes
Key holder that can be worn on your wrist
Small kleenex
Small toiletries
Currently, the organization is collecting items for Thanksgiving; however they will be running the program through the rest of the fall holidays as well. Boxes will be accepted through November 19th.
When you have completed your box, you can take it to the Valencia Auto Spa at 23440 Valencia Blvd.


text:
|New American Standard (NAS)
|New International Version (NIV)
|30 The sons of Asher were Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi and Beriah, and Serah their sister.
|30 The sons of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi and Beriah. Their sister was Serah.
|31 The sons of Beriah were Heber and Malchiel, who was the father of Birzaith.
|31 The sons of Beriah: Heber and Malkiel, who was the father of Birzaith.
|32 Heber became the father of Japhlet, Shomer and Hotham, and Shua their sister.
|32 Heber was the father of Japhlet, Shomer and Hotham and of their sister Shua.
|33 The sons of Japhlet were Pasach, Bimhal and Ashvath. These were the sons of Japhlet.
|33 The sons of Japhlet: Pasach, Bimhal and Ashvath. These were Japhlet's sons.
|34 The sons of Shemer were Ahi and Rohgah, Jehubbah and Aram.
|34 The sons of Shomer: Ahi, Rohgah, Hubbah and Aram.
|35 The sons of his brother Helem were Zophah, Imna, Shelesh and Amal.
|35 The sons of his brother Helem: Zophah, Imna, Shelesh and Amal.
|36 The sons of Zophah were Suah, Harnepher, Shual, Beri and Imrah,
|36 The sons of Zophah: Suah, Harnepher, Shual, Beri, Imrah,
|37 Bezer, Hod, Shamma, Shilshah, Ithran and Beera.
|37 Bezer, Hod, Shamma, Shilshah, Ithran and Beera.
|38 The sons of Jether were Jephunneh, Pispa and Ara.
|38 The sons of Jether: Jephunneh, Pispah and Ara.
|39 The sons of Ulla were Arah, Hanniel and Rizia.
|39 The sons of Ulla: Arah, Hanniel and Rizia.
|40 All these were the sons of Asher, heads of the fathers' houses, choice and mighty men of valor, heads of the princes. And the number of them enrolled by genealogy for service in war was 26,000 men.
|40 All these were descendants of Asher--heads of families, choice men, brave warriors and outstanding leaders. The number of men ready for battle, as listed in their genealogy, was 26,000.
|New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, California. All rights reserved. (New American Standard Version - Holy Bible)
|Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online)


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SOUTH KINGSTOWN – Accusations from teachers and taxpayers that Superintendent Dr. Kristen Stringfellow is controlling the school committee hung in the air Tuesday night.
"It's hard not to consider the superintendent doesn't have an agenda of her own, who's interest is not the education of students in South Kingstown but to serve out her contract and to lay out the foundation for another job elsewhere," Stephen Burke, a South Kingstown resident said.
The school committee defended Stringfellow, whom they hired in 2009.
"I feel as a member of the school committee a responsibility to passing policy, a responsibility to my executive session decisions and inescapably the concept that three lives were tremendously affected. I feel responsible every moment for this," Vice chairperson Dr. Anthony Mega said.
"I'm quite confident everyone at this table shares in the responsibility," Chairwoman Maureen Cotter said.
The distrust between the National Education Association–South Kingstown (NEA-SK) and the school department has escalated after the school committee accepted Stringfellow's recommendation on Sunday, Feb. 26 to terminate three untenured special education teachers, Paula Rekos, Francesca Shiels and Kerry Hall for "unsatisfactory" performance. The three layoffs are separate from the 49 teachers who did not have their contracts renewed for next year due to budgetary concerns.
The school committee cited the Human Capital Policy adopted last June as justification for their decision. The policy states, "the district maintains its right not to renew non-tenured teachers based upon a good-faith assessment by administration that better teachers are available." NEA-SK is now asking for that good faith assessment after they believe the teachers only received position recommendations from parents, teachers and students.
The strained relationship between teachers and their boss began last August when the roughly 300 NEA-SK members took a vote of no confidence against Stringfellow, citing poor communication and leadership. The vote followed tense contract negotiations, in which the teachers agreed to no pay increases and to contribute up to 20 percent for healthcare to save the district $755,000.
After filling the cafeteria at the West Kingston Elementary School two weeks ago to demand why the school committee fired the three teachers, the union showed up in full force again on Tuesday.
Over the past two weeks, union members have suggested that the school committee accepted Stringfellow's recommendation to terminate the three teachers without seeing evidence of their poor performance.
"Is it true the school committee has not been advised of the facts?" Burke said. "How can you accept the superintendent's recommendation if you didn't have the facts?"
"It's going to get worse until the school committee stands up and does something," Stephen Enright, a teacher said. "You're allowing the administration to make choices that are not transparent or in the best interest of the schools."
To obtain evidence, the three teachers have to appeal to the school committee and administration.
On Sunday, school committee member Stephen Mueller said, "If they appeal and I hope they do, we'll have the opportunity to look at all the evidence."
South Kingstown High School science teacher Mary Kutcher asked the school committee to be more transparent and accountable.
"When the last meeting was called, it gives the appearance of being sneaky," Kutcher said. "We all know why three teachers were let go. They can be replaced by first year teachers who can be paid less to save money. We all know why the fifth grade moved to Broad Rock Middle School. It wasn't to create space, but to save money. Right now we're left to think the worst."
"Human capital is a terrible phrase," Jonathan Daly LaBelle, a resident said. "This isn't a business. You're educating our children. To think of [teachers] as a business term lets everyone know what the thinking is."
To accommodate roughly 10 speakers, who asked the school committee to reconsider their decision, the committee extended public comment 30 minutes.
"When I first heard of the letter sent to my mother, I was dumbfounded," John Rekos, son of Paula Rekos said. "I am proud of my mother for fulfilling her calling. Unfortunately, her drive and inspiration has been depreciated by Dr. Stringfellow, who never personally met my mother. This letter impacted more than just one person. It's harmful to the whole school community."
Renee Snow said her 8th grade son struggled in school until he had one of the three fired teachers.
"He's had such strides in his life all because the dedication of such great teachers," Snow said. "I can't say that all teachers are good, but my son has a good teacher this year. She's a teacher who's allowed my son to prosper. I want you to ask my son if he can get better. He can't."


text:
8x8 Issued New Distributed Conferencing Patent By U.S. Patent And Trademark Office
8x8, Inc. (NASDAQ: EGHT), provider of innovative cloud communications solutions, today announced that it has been awarded a new patent related to its conferencing technologies. On July 30, 2013, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued United States Patent number 8,498,725 entitled "Systems and Methods for Distributed Conferencing." This patent relates generally to methods and systems for distributed conferencing in a collaborative environment.
Many collaborative groups and associations rely on holding conferences to advance their work and disseminate information. While attending a conference meeting in person allows the attendee to experience and participate in the meeting as intended, remote participants ( e.g., attending over the Internet) often are subjected to a much lower quality experience due to pre-distribution of older versions of presentation slides, poor audio quality, transmission interruptions due to server crashes, and so forth. These factors diminish the ability for remote participants to attend the meeting in real time in any meaningful way. In current systems for distributing "live" conference meeting content to remote participants, the content is gathered and managed by a central server. As such, any problem experienced by the server affects all of the meeting contents routed through the server. For instance, server-related disruptions such as a server crash will affect all of the content provided to that server.
8x8's invention relates to distributed conferencing systems and methods that reliably provide local meeting content to remote participants. In accordance with various example embodiments, a plurality of authorized source units generate media content responsive to and representative of respective content for a meeting. In response to the generated media content, one or more data streams are developed at each authorized source, each stream being a separately-decodable real-time representation of at least a portion of the media content generated at the respective authorized source. The separate data streams are transmitted by each authorized source to a common multicast IP group address for retrieval or access by remote participants.
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I bought this camera for only 10 euros . . :pThis photo was shot on film. Taken by giovannidecarlo with a Beier Beirette VSN loaded with Lomography Earl Grey 100 (120mm) film (available in our Online Shop) in Rome, Italy. These tags describe this photo: b/w, rome, and lomo-meeting. This photo can also be found in the album "La Dolce Vita" // part two.
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Top 10 Romantic Movies 2012
Nothing gets you in the Valentine's Day spirit like a heartwarming romantic movie. Any of these films will give you the warm and fuzzies. Back to Article
21inkiepielover wrote:report
2013-07-13 11:16:58 -0700
TWLLLLLLLIIIGHHHHHHHHTTTTTTTT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -fangirls-
PsychoBurry17 wrote:report
2013-06-03 03:24:00 -0700
Ru kidding me? I did a play based on Peter Pan, of course they deserve the spot!
_ThatChickBad_ wrote:report
2013-06-02 18:35:42 -0700
Peter pan
bannabubblegum wrote:report
2013-05-10 06:53:22 -0700
twilight deserves it
-ZeroHero- wrote:report
2013-05-10 01:24:53 -0700
take me to neverland Peter XD
Aarjan wrote:report
2013-05-06 03:06:40 -0700
Twilight even Doen't deserves to be mentioned on this lis..........
Chocolatepurple wrote:report
2013-05-06 03:03:55 -0700
Twilight should be number 1 i think TWILIGHT should be 1st but i think i'm the only one that thinks that
Chris the awesome wrote:report
2013-05-05 00:09:27 -0700
yourshadow wrote:report
2013-05-04 17:31:52 -0700
my class has to pick one book or tuck everlasting
LoveMarilyn;* wrote:report
2013-05-02 18:17:24 -0700
I love sweet home Alabama, The Notebook, and Twilight. I've probably watched the notebook 50 times over the course of this week lol
Kwadwo Prince_2290223 wrote:report
2013-04-27 01:23:26 -0700
the notebook


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Event Name- OR - Select an option below
We have 17 basic rooms for lodging. Along with a Cabin that over-looks the property, and an Apartment located in the middle of the pool area. Come visit us for a day trip and enjoy the Hot Springs along with any of our many services, massages, body therapy or facials.


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- 8,357 Posts. Joined 7/2010
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Cake Central Top Picks
- Fondarific Chocolate Rolled Fondant IcingNo reviews yet.
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- 8,357 Posts. Joined 7/2010
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I'm stumped again(sorry it's a common theme for me) and hoping there is a simple answer to this. I discovered I do have a email address set up with my domain (firstname.lastname@example.com) This morning I emailed myself, it went through since I haven't received a mailer demon...........but I don't know how to find where that email account is so I can claim it and use it. I can't even think of how to google search that.........any ideas? tia
According to the whois record, realcakeinc.com is registered through Squarespace. Unfortunately Squarespace does not provide email services so you would need to go with a third-party email provider (which you will have to pay for) to set up an email account for realcakeinc.com.
More info on third-party email providers:
Once you choose a third-party email provider, you will need to configure your Squarespace DNS settings to connect to the third-party service:
If you sent an email to your realcakeinc.com account and it appeared in your inbox that means you already have third-party email services set up somewhere, the best way to find out where is to look at the DNS settings in the second link above.
Squarespace tech support should also be able to help you with all this.
- 42 Posts. Joined 4/2011
- Location: Oceanside, Ca
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HI Wendy
Sorry for not getting back to you sooner. I was in flight most of the day yesterday.
So sorry for causing such stress. I did not mean too.
I will try to explain things about domain names. There is only one place in the world that actually registers a domain name. The others are hosts. Internic, or what is now Network Solutions is a government affiliated international domain registrar.
Places like GoDaddy and all the other go thru Network Solutions when they advertise "We will register your domain name here" or "Move your domain name to us." Using Network solutions is so very simple, and you can even have them host your domain name there. I have registered over 1000 domain names in my life so far. I used to work at a Internet Service Provider in Carlsbad years and years ago, way back in the late 80's and early 90's
If you go onto NetworkSolutions.com you can easily find out who owns the domain name and where it is currently hosted.
Just because you changed the website, does not mean that you change your domain name. A website is designed to be changed anytime, and as many times as the owner wants or needs.
This is for RealCakeCompany.com
Registered through: GoDaddy.com, LLC (http://www.godaddy.com) Domain Name: REALCAKECOMPANY.COM Created on: 03-Nov-12 Expires on: 03-Nov-14 Last Updated on: 02-Dec-12 Registrant: Real Cake, Inc. 1170 Waterford Cut Crystal Lake, Illinois 60014 United States Administrative Contact: DeBord, Wendy firstname.lastname@example.com Real Cake, Inc. 1170 Waterford Cut Crystal Lake, Illinois 60014 United States 847-767-2253 Technical Contact: DeBord, Wendy email@example.com Real Cake, Inc. 1170 Waterford Cut Crystal Lake, Illinois 60014 United States 847-767-2253 Domain servers in listed order: NS1.BLUEHOST.COM NS2.BLUEHOST.COM
And this is for realcakeinc.com
Registrant: Contact Privacy Inc. Customer 0134795658 96 Mowat Ave Toronto, ON M6K 3M1 CA Domain name: REALCAKEINC.COM Administrative Contact: Contact Privacy Inc. Customer 0134795658, firstname.lastname@example.com 96 Mowat Ave Toronto, ON M6K 3M1 CA +1.4165385457 Technical Contact: Contact Privacy Inc. Customer 0134795658, firstname.lastname@example.com 96 Mowat Ave Toronto, ON M6K 3M1 CA +1.4165385457 Registration Service Provider: Squarespace, email@example.com +1.3477584644 http://squarespace.com Registrar of Record: TUCOWS, INC. Record last updated on 28-May-2013. Record expires on 29-May-2014. Record created on 29-May-2013. Registrar Domain Name Help Center: http://tucowsdomains.com Domain servers in listed order: NS2.SYSTEMDNS.COM NS3.SYSTEMDNS.COM NS1.SYSTEMDNS.COM
It looks like you do not own realcakeinc.com That is owned by a company in Canada. You may have asked them to register a domain name for you, and they did, they registered it to their own name. So they are the owner.
I agree with Jason, drop that one, or stop paying on it, since you do not actually own it. And you will have great stress and grief to purchase it from them. Use only RealCakeCompany.com
You have to be very careful about selecting a domain host. You need to know what they offer, and what you need. And when you decide to register another domain name, use NetworkSolutions.com
You do not have to have the domain hosted any where. It can sit there, but have nothing pointing to it. I use a company named WinHost they offer all kinds of great packages, and many different programming languages and databases. But they also offer a very simple small package for a simple website. They provide many email addresses per each domain. Go on their site and read about the different packages offered. All the good quality hosts provide everything that you need, and then some.
Once you do find a good hosing company, simply transfer the domain name yourself. All it takes is for you to change the DNS server IP Address to point to the host of your choice.
If you would like to talk about this on the phone, or email please email me at the address in my signature. It would be much easier than exchanging messages on here. I can help you and answer your questions about changing your host and your domain name.
Visit our Site:
Or email us directly:
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Thank-you both!!! I'm taking your advise and working on it! Many hugs!!!
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Blue Bottle Coffee Subscription
Blue Bottle is a San Francisco-based small batch roaster that's a little OCD about coffee. As their site says, "We take freshness and small-batch roasting to an extreme not considered practical anywhere else in the coffee business." What does that mean exactly? Essentially, a cup of coffee so delicious that you feel it in your spine. The good news for you? They offer bean gift subscriptions. You need never sleep again.
$18 at Blue Bottle Coffee | Buy
(Per month)
Random Circles Bracelet
$250 at Stubborn Works | Buy
Apple-ation Apple Brandy
God bless a vintner with a pet project. Guy Davis decided to take advantage of the organic apple orchards in the Russian River Valley to make small batch apple brandy. Davis eschews the usual practice of fermenting just the apple juice; however, he leaves the peels and fruit in during fermentation for a deeper apple flavor. The results are spectacular.
$35 at Davis Family Vineyards | Buy
Bone Bangle
$40 at Early Jewelry | Buy
Stuffed Meat Medley
There's got to be at least one person in your life (boss? inlaw?) who needs a giant plushie ham, or a porky chop, or a stuff boef. Or maybe all three! Each selection comes lovingly wrapped in actual deli paper.
-Guest posted by Evany Thomas
$70 at Sweet Meats | Buy
Green Cufflinks
Recycled Newspaper Cufflinks
The gift that says, "You're a snazzy dresser, and I'm proud of your literacy." Choose from sports, crosswords, or stock listings.
$89 at Recyced Newspaper Jewelry | Buy
(0.66" width x 0.8" height x 0.5" depth)
Reveal Watch
Rose Honeycomb Necklace
Caviar Cluster Ring
Chalkboard Pendant
Cheerleading Wall Calendar
The Time Is Now Calendar
2007 CALENDAR GUIDE Nikki McClure's calendar is officially a Mighty Goods favorite. It's inspiring, touching, and features twelve lovely paper cut designs. Also, it's good for the planet, as it's printed on acid-free, chlorine-free, recycled paper using soy ink. The perfect gift.
(12" x 12")
Graphic Travel Clutch
BUDGET HOLIDAY GIFT GUIDE For the girl with airplanes in her eyes.
$24 at fred flare | Buy
Tord Wine Glasses
BUDGET HOLIDAY GIFT GUIDE When I found out that Tord Boontje was collaborating with Target, I couldn't wait to see what he'd come up with. Of course, most of it sold out immediately, and here's why: You can pay $72 for a set of six gorgeous Tord Boontje glasses, or you can get four for $16 at Target. And now they're back in stock! There's a whole line of reasonably priced dinnerware ripe for the giving, but you might want to act fast.
(no longer available)
Slope Martini Pitcher with Stir Rod
Custom Silver Bracelet
Write a love letter for her wrist.
White Gold Diamond Bangle Bracelet
A sweet, barely there bangle that will appeal even to women to don't wear much jewelry. She can throw it on with a T-shirt, and keep it on when she changes for an evening out.
Wood Cuban Link Bracelet
This limited edition silver bracelet has bits of wood inlay snaking up its sides, seamlessly incorporated into the links. I like men's jewelry on the quiet side, and this combination of craftsmanship and casual style will work for generations.
Alice Park Wallet
You can't see it in the little photo, but this kidskin wallet has a small stripe of colored contrast stitching along the bottom. So you get a classic fold wallet with a little bit of charisma.
$65 at This is Auto | Buy
Jerky Society 3 Months
Little Small Clothespin People
I want to devour these. You'll find a new doll on the site most weekday mornings. Each little small person is handmade and unique. I think they'd make amazing Christmas ornaments, but they'd also be sweet in shadowboxes in the nursery.
$30 at The Small Object | Buy
Wide Silver Band
All-Weather Foosball Table
How have you lived without this? They've been sold out for months, but should be back in stock starting August 15.
$3,998 at Design Within Reach | Buy
Wooden Briefcase
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | All Items


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So, do you remember when those pictures came out showing Britney Spears stripping and trading bikinis with nightclub dancers? Well, if you don't, those pictures are at the bottom of this post. Anyway, it turns out there is now a revealing photo of Britney Spears' ass, as well as a security vide...
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The facelifted Jaguar XJ has been spied testing once again, this time in minimal camouflage
Jaguar is set to replace the XK with a larger luxury GT car based on the F-Type. Our exclusive images show how it could look.
A new high-performance Jaguar XJR has been unveiled on the eve of the New York show
Plug-in versions of the Jaguar XJ will take part in the RAC Future Car Challenge in November
Four-wheel-drive variants of the XF and XJ - but they're not for the UK
Special Jaguar XJ Supersport has been built for hot laps of the famous Nurburgring Nordschleife
Special-edition XJ Ultimate is revealed in Beijing featuring a new supercharged V6 that will also power F-Type
New option pack adds a sportier appearance and lifts the limiter on the XJ, for a 174mph top speed
China-only model aims to boost Jag's fortunes in fast-growing market.
Bullet proof XJ Sentinel to debut at Moscow Motor Show.
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text: Lloyd Banks – All I Want Is You Freestyle Like Tweet +1 IHHM Posted on May 28, 2010 Category: Audio, Free Music Downloads, Music (Legacy Category) Banks drops a verse on Miguel and J. Cole's All I Want Is You song. Download:Lloyd Banks – All I Want Is You Freestyle IHHM About: iHipHopMusic.com is brought to you by Glenton Samuels aka Chozen, CEO & Founder of Covanant LLC. Follow Me: Instagram / Twitter / Facebook / Google+ / Lloyd Banks Related Content G-Unit Places All Issues on The Table in Reunion Documentary G-Unit – Nah I'm Talking Bout Troy Ave – Your Style (feat. Lloyd Banks) Lloyd Banks – Can You Dig It (feat. French Montana) Havoc – Life We Chose Video (feat. Lloyd Banks) Lloyd Banks – Picture This Latest Chatter Get best atlanta strippers for your bachelor parti... guymaxwell6 | Read More i love yung berg and i love his photo.one day ill... neynejones | Read More coolboyom lol yeah... keykey_bad | Read More lol in the club on tuseday... keykey_bad | Read More 0 comments   Get Livefyre FAQ Sign in + Follow Post comment Link Newest | Oldest


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A drunken woman swung at a Monroe police officer and hit him the chest while she was being arrested Wednesday night.
Monroe police reported the incident happened in a lot in the first block of Winchester St. around 7:15 p.m. A motorist informed officers that the woman was in need of attention because she had fallen.
Reports said the woman, 41, was intoxicated and wanted on a misdemeanor warrant. As officers were trying to handcuff the woman, she resisted arrest, berated the officers and swung her fist. Now she faces additional charges.
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'Feature-packed OS'
'Top-notch Web browser'
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'Simply unrivalled'
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'Fifth-generation refresh will likely keep the nano neatly ahead of its competition.'
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'very good audio and video playback'
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'the sound is very good and might only displease those who spent more on their headphones than they did on the Archos 5.'
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'touch-friendly interface'
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'great screen and overall design impresses'
'sound quality is unbelievably good.'
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'Best portable movie player around'
'The brushed metal back cover of the device feels comfortable in hand, and though it's plastic at the core it's still rather sturdy. '
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'definitely the best screen Samsung'
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'the Zune's FM radio is one of the best available on a handheld device.'
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'2007's Top Products Apple may be keen to tout the Touch's 3.5in display, but the first thing you notice about the new iPod is how thin it is.'
'old video accessories'
'best portable media player'
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Hi All, i have a silly question you receive (via HTTP ) a document that contains that PublicKey (signed by the corresponding PrivateKey by me) then, How can you be able to infer that I signed the document and no body else modified the document in between and they signed it. thanks and regards Jeong Ahn __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! - Official partner of 2002 FIFA World Cup http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.comReceived on Wednesday, 12 June 2002 05:28:46 GMT
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Illegal Immigration
Will Arizona's next governor be above the law? This would be funnier if New York's new mayor were the featurette but it is pretty funny nonetheless. Copyright secured by Digiprove © 2014
Obama and his attorney general are a couple of cards but Arizonans are likely to find their new signs distinctly unfunny.
Continue reading about I'm Proud To Be An American Where At Least I Know I'm Free
A writ of mandamus would close the Arizona immigration road show.
Continue reading about Writ of Mandamus May Be One Solution to Arizona's Immigration Problem
The concept of the rule of law is very important to Eugene Robinson if the rules suit him.
Continue reading about Another Rider of the Purple Prose Canters Across the Rio Grande


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