text:
- Actors: Amira Casar, Gottfried John, Assumpta Serna, César Sarachu, Ljubisa Gruicic
- Directors: Stephen Quay, Timothy Quay
- Writers: Stephen Quay, Timothy Quay, Alan Passes
- Producers: Alexander Ris, Björn Eggert, Hengameh Panahi
- Format: Black & White, Color, Dolby, DVD-Video, Subtitled, Widescreen, NTSC, Import
- Language: English, Portuguese
- Subtitles: English
- Region: Region 1 (US and Canada This DVD will probably NOT be viewable in other countries. Read more about DVD formats.)
- Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1
- Number of discs: 1
- MPAA Rating:
- Studio: Zeitgeist Films
- Release Date: April 24 2007
- Run Time: 99 minutes
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SuperRigs show includes parade, live music, entry prizes
The Shell Rotella SuperRigs truck beauty contest is scheduled for June 2-4 at the Kenly 95 Petro in Kenly, N.C.
Driver wins Smart Car in Bosselman contest
P&W Logistics driver selected to receive car in drawing.
Carolina International CEO named top dealer
American Truck Dealers have named Richard "Dick" Ryan, dealer principal and CEO of Carolina International Trucks in Columbia, S.C., 2011 Truck Dealer of the Year during ATD's annual convention. "To be recognized for my almost 40 ...
Xata offers mobile phone software
Xata Corp., a provider of trucking compliance and fleet optimization software, announced it is integrating and reselling ZoomSafer's software, FleetSafer Mobile and FleetSafer Vision, which are designed to reduce distracted driving. FleetSafer Mobile is designed to ...
Parts distributor FleetPride acquires Midway Truck Parts
Truck and trailer parts distributor FleetPride bought Midway Truck Parts, the Woodlands, Texas-based company announced.
1st Guard donates to trucker charity
1st Guard Corp. contributed $2400 to Knoxville, Tenn.-based St. Christopher Trucker Development and Relief Fund. The Venice, Fla.-based truck insurer said also that every time truckers are referred to the company via a referral card they are entered ...
Crete raises starting driver pay
New drivers can earn from 41 cents to 44 cents a mile depending on experience.
Atlas Van Lines honors drivers
Nearly 3,000 van operators will participate in events this week as part of Atlas Van Lines' BRAVO (Boosting Recognition of Atlas Van Operators) program.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Chase Dotters
Senior Member
Hello guys! I main mid but I've been trying to play other roles so I can be versatile. If I'm going to rate how I want to play, it would be Mid, ADC, Support, Jungle, then top.
Anyways, I need help with some support runes, a lot of jungle/tank runes, and top runes as well! I'd really appreciate it if you guys could provide me some general or specific runes for a champion that's mean for each role.
Thank you!
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text:
Oct. 5 (Bloomberg) -- The following companies' shares may have unusual moves in European trading. Stock symbols are in parentheses.
The Stoxx Europe 600 Index fell 2.8 percent to 217.46. The Stoxx 50 Index sank 2.2 percent to 2,090.56. The Euro Stoxx 50 Index, a benchmark measure for nations using the euro, lost 2.2 percent to 2,091.09.
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW GY): The world's largest maker of luxury vehicles wants to build a plant in Sao Paulo to locate output close to suppliers and will put the plan to its supervisory board for approval at the beginning of December, Handelsblatt reported, citing an unidentified BMW executive. The shares declined 4.4 percent to 45.04 euros.
BP Plc (BP/ LN): Europe's second-largest oil company may finish drilling its Itaipu well off the coast of Brazil this month, the head of operations in the South American country said. The stock dropped 3.8 percent to 372 pence.
European Aeronautic Defence & Space Co. (EAD FP): The Airbus SAS parent company said it's having a "very good year" in 2011. The shares fell 5.2 percent to 19.83 euros.
M6-Metropole Television SA (MMT FP): The broadcaster said September was its best monthly performance in two years. The shares fell 3.9 percent to 11.41 euros.
ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG (PSM GY): The Red Arrow unit of Europe's second-largest broadcaster wants to boost its sales to more than 100 million euros this year from 60 million euros in 2010, Handelsblatt reported, citing Jens Richter, the division's group director. The shares dropped 4.7 percent to 12.30 euros.
Royal Dutch Shell Plc (RDSA LN): Europe's largest oil company has started selling natural gas to state-run Petroleo Brasileiro SA from its BC-10 offshore block in deep waters of the South American country's Campos Basin, Fabio Rodrigues, Shell's Brazil manager for external affairs, said in Rio de Janeiro. The shares fell 1.9 percent to 1,928.5 pence.
Wendel SA (MF FP): The manufacturing investment company said it completed the acquisition of Mecatherm at an enterprise value of about 170 million euros. The shares fell 5.2 percent to 43.12 euros.
--Editor: Jeff Sutherland
To contact the reporter on this story: Kaitlyn Kiernan in New York at firstname.lastname@example.com.
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Nick Baker at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Season 4 Facebook Listen Event on 9/5
Season 4 Facebook Listen Event on 9/5
Hi Gleeks! Thanks to your amazing support, YOU will be the FIRST to hear new songs from episodes 1 & 2 of the new season on September 5th at 7pm ET only on FACEBOOK . RSVP HERE !
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Facebook events are a wonderful feature to power to get facebooks status the sound out about your upcoming actions,


text:
There is disclosed a method of joining Ni-base heat-resisting alloys which comprises forming, under an inert atmosphere, an aluminum layer on at least surfaces to be joined of a constructional member which has been divided into a plural number of parts composed of a Ni-base heat-resisting alloy reinforced by a γ' phase in Ni3 Al system, followed by heating the parts so that said aluminum is dispersed in said Ni-base heat-resisting alloys, the joining portion (joint) contains substantially no β-NiAl phase and a γ'-Ni3 Al phase is dispersed therein to join the parts. The joint provided by the method according to the present invention has been improved in its strength and corrosion resistance at a high temperature. Further, the method according to the present invention can be carried out with a high degree of freedom in supplying a joining filler metal.
1. A method for joining at least two parts which present facing surfaces, said parts comprising a constructional member which is comprised of a Ni-base heat-resisting alloy, comprising the steps of:
(a) forming, by deposition under reduced pressure, a layer consisting essentially of aluminum on at least said facing surfaces of said parts to be joined, wherein said deposition is effected by means of a sputtering method that uses an aluminum filler film separating said parts as an anode and said constructional member as cathode;
(b) bringing said facing surfaces of said parts into contact with each other;
(c) subjecting said parts to a first heating, such that said layer is liquified; and thereafter
(d) subjecting said parts to a second heating, such that aluminum from said layer diffuses into said Ni-base heat-resisting alloy to form a joint between said parts comprising a γ-Ni3 Al phase dispersion, said joint containing substantially no β-NiAl phase.
2. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said heating step is carried out at a temperature of about 700� to 1250� C. for one minute to 200 hours.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said heating step is carried out at a temperature of about 1000� to 1200� C. for one minute to 50 hours.
4. A method of as claimed in claim 1, wherein said constructional member is a constructional member for the airfoil of a turbine.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (b) comprises bringing said facing surfaces into contact under an applied pressure of up to about 10 kg/cm2.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 386,031, filed June 7, 1982.
The present invention relates to a method of joining Ni-base heat-resisting alloys which method is suitable for fabricating such parts being made of Ni-base heat-resisting alloys and having complex shapes as those for a heat engine, e.g., high temperature turbine blades.
Usually, Ni-base heat-resisting alloys have been employed as a material for high temperature gas turbine blades, the inner structure of which has a cooling system comprising complicated cooling paths in order to raise the operating temperature.
As the typical structures, there may be mentioned (A) a return-flow type precision cast blade and (B) a wafer blade in which ten and several or more pieces of wafer are joined in layers.
In cases where a high temperature gas turbine equipped with such complicated cooling paths is to be fabricated, the diffusion-joining method is an important technology. Namely, in case of (A), as shown cross-sectionally in FIG. 1, after each half of the blade which has been divided into two parts is precision cast and then these parts are combined together by placing an insert filler metal at the curved surfaces to be joined, the parts are integrated through the diffusion-joining process.
In order to join such broad surfaces with curvature, thicker filler metal is desirable from the standpoint of the dimensional tolerance required.
Further, in case of (B), thinner filler metal is desirable because there are many surfaces to be joined and besides high dimensional accuracy of each plane is required.
Although a high-temperature isobaric compression technique may be employed as another diffusion-joining method to join curved surfaces, this technique requires a special large-sized press as well as a capsulating and a masking technique, and therefore it is intricate and expensive. Consequently, its practicality is problematic.
For the manufacture of blades (A) and (B), a liquid phase diffusion-joining method is normally used to assure the reliability of the joining. That is, the filler metals such as Ni-P, Ni-Si, Ni-Cr-B and so forth have been heretofore used to join Ni-base heat-resisting alloys. In short, such a filler metal, which has been prepared by adding to nickel a melting point-lowering element such as boron, phosphorus or silicon, is melted at a temperature lower, by several tens of degrees, than the melting point of the Ni-base heat-resisting alloy material used as the body material to momentarily wet and braze the Ni-base heat-resisting alloy material, and then a heat treatment is carried out for a long period of time so that the boron, phosphorus or silicon may diffuse, whereby an isothermic solidification of the filler metal as well as the body material is caused, and a strongly joining state is resultingly obtained (Japanese Provisional Patent Publication No. 13060/1974).
However, while this conventional method gives an excellent reliability of the joining, there are, on the other hand, two problems as follows.
First, there is a possibility that B and P, which are melting temperature lowering elements, are contained in the joining portion (joint) to impair its corrosion resistance at higher temperatures and its ductility at higher temperatures. This fact shows that the conventional method is not necessarily sufficient as a method of joining structural parts made of the same Ni-base heat-resisting alloy which is used under severe operating conditions at higher temperature.
The second point is the problem that the method of supplying the filler metal is restricted. The filler metal contains a melting temperature lowering element so that its workability is extremely impaired. Therefore, there has been employed a sheet made of powder using an organic binder, or an amorphous ribbon prepared by the rapid-cooling method.
However, in case of the former, the handling of the sheet is unstable, and there are problems of the contamination by the residue of the binder and of the dimensional shrinkage at the time of melting the sheet. In the latter case, a thickness of only several ten microns can be attained. Thus, the degree of freedom in thickness of the filler metal ranging between thin type and thick type necessary for preparing turbine blades of (A) and (B), can not be obtained.
Further, a plating method and a vapor deposition method have been proposed for the purpose (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 29984/1975). In the former method, however, the composition of the filler is limited to Ni-P and the like, and there is caused a problem of the surface contamination inherent in the wet plating technique. In the latter method, there are problems of the fluctuation and ununiformity of the composition in the deposited material. Thus, there has not been developed any method which has practically high degree of freedom in supplying the filler metal.
An object of the present invention, in view of the abovementioned points, is to provide a method for together joining parts made of a Ni-base heat-resisting alloy by which there are obtained an improved strength and corrosion resistance at a high temperature of the joint as well as a high degree of freedom in supplying a joining filler metal.
A fundamental feature of the present invention resides in that an aluminum layer which corresponds to the filler metal is formed on at least the joining surfaces of a constructional member of the same kind of alloys which has been divided into a plural number of parts composed of a Ni-base heat-resisting alloy reinforced by a γ' phase in Ni3 Al system, followed by heating the parts so that said aluminum acts as the filler for the liquid phase diffusion-joining to react with the Ni-base heat-resisting alloy and to join the parts, and thereafter the joint has the γ'-Ni3 Al phase dispersed therein.
As to the material to be joined in the present invention, the present invention can be applied also to a Ni-alloy containing no γ' phase therein, but the present invention has a marked effect when it is applied to a Ni-base heat-resisting alloy containing aluminum or a mixture of aluminum and titanium in such an amount as to promote the precipitation of the γ' phase. The method according to the present invention in which aluminum is used as a filler metal utilizes the fact that the melted aluminum is involved in a specific rapid alloy reaction with a solid Ni alloy, and thus is a liquid phase diffusion method which is based on a mechanism different from the isothermal solidifying phenomenon caused by a wetting reaction of Ni-alloys.
As a method for supplying aluminium, the use of an aluminum foil is naturally taken into account. For instance, Japanese Provisional Patent Publication No. 133893/1980 has described a specific example in which 27% by weight or less of aluminum is contained near the joint. In fact, aluminium foil could be inserted as a filler metal in case when the strength level at the joined portion is considered not to be so important. When an aluminium foil is used as a filler metal, some deterioration of the properties is caused at the joint due to the inevitable existence of an oxide on the aluminum foil. It is an object of the present invention to provide a joining method which can be applied in the case when joining strength is considered to be important.
As a specific method for the purpose, there may be mentioned a method in which aluminum is deposited under reduced pressure. Alternatively, other PVD method such as the sputtering method or the ion-plating method and CVD method may also be applied for the purpose.
Among these methods,the so-called sputtering method is preferred in which sputtering is carried out in such an inert gas as argon by using an aluminum filler film as an anode and the pieces to be joined as a cathode to first clean-up the surface of the aluminum filler film and then to deposit an aluminum layer on the surfaces of the pieces to be joined.
As one embodiment of this method, the following process can be employed. Ar gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber evacuated at the vacuum level of not lower than 10-5 Torr, preferably not lower than 10-6 Torr, and glow discharge is generated by increasing voltage between Al filler film as an anode and the pieces to be joined as a cathode, sputtering Al filler film and cleaning up by eliminating the oxide film formed on the surface. Sputtered Al with strong deposit strength is accumulated (deposited) onto the surface of the pieces to be joined.
It should be hereby noted that it is possible to prevent for the contaminant to deposit at the joint, which is a product at an early stage of sputtering, by setting some device such as a shutter in front of the joint at an early stage of sputtering.
A method, in which an aluminum filler metal and the vacuum vapor deposition are combined, exhibits the quadruple mutual effects as follows: First, the film formation rate is high. Second, there is no heterogeneity of the chemical compositions because of a single element. Third, the thickness of the filler metal as needed is obtainable ranging from several microns or less to several hundreds of microns. Fourth, there is no contamination problem at the joint due to oxidation.
As mentioned above, after Al is provided onto the joint of the pieces to be joined, the pieces are heated, resulting in liquified Al filler by melting Al layer. The heating temperature at which the Al filler is liquified ranges from 660� to 1300� C., preferably from 900� to 1100� C. This liquified Al filler brazes by completely wetting the joining surface of the constructional parts, thereby securing the subsequent joining. Furthermore, Al diffuses into Ni-base heat-resisting alloys as constructional parts by heating long time, resulting in the microstructure strengthened by γ-Ni3 Al phase dispersion finally at the joint by way of the phase change, (β-NiAl phase)→(γ'-Ni3 Al phase)→(Ni3 Al+γ phase), giving the temperature characteristics which the present invention aims at. Further, the preferred Al content at the joint is not more than 13% by weight for the target aforementioned. It is more preferable to adjust the Al content at the joint at not more than 10% by weight.
The temperature for the liquid phase diffusion-joining treatment is in the range of 700� to 1250� C., preferably of 1000� to 1200� C. The time required therefor is between one minute to 200 hours, preferably between one minute to 50 hours.
In particular, when the strength at an elevated temperature is required at the joint, the amount of the residual β-NiAl phase should strictly be suppressed, although it may be effective for the corrosion resistance.
The thickness of the aluminum layer varies depending upon the pieces to be joined. However, it may usually be between 0.1 and 200 μm, preferably between 1 and 50 μm.
The effects of the process according to the present invention will be enumerated below.
(1) The aluminium layer gives a highly reliable joining which is characteristics of the liquid phase diffusion-joining method.
(2) Because of the absence of B, P and the like which are melting point lowering elements, there is no problem concerning corrosion resistance at higher temperature and deterioration. Rather, the enhancement of the strength at higher temperatures and the improvement of anti-oxidizability are expected because of the formation of γ' phase due to the enrichment of the aluminum used for the joining.
(3) Since the filler is supplied by the aluminum vapor deposition method, there is not caused any oxidative contamination of the filler metal per se; the degree of freedom in thickness is large; and there is no problem or fluctuation in the composition.
(4) The aluminum film vapor deposited at a portion other than the joining portion is converted into a phase by the diffusion treatment, which brings about the improvement of the corrosion resistance at higher temperatures which is similar to that obtained by the aluminization treatment.
(5)The properties at an elevated temperature of the joint can be controlled by appropriately selecting the conditions for the heating at a high temperature.
The drawings attached hereto will be explained briefly as follows.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a constructional example of a return-flow type built-up turbine blade, to which the process according to the present invention is to be applied.
FIG. 2 is a general conceptional view of an apparatus by which the process according to the present invention is to be carried out.
FIG. 3 is a general conceptional view of an example of an apparatus in which the aluminum deposition is now being carried out according to the process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a general conceptional view of an example of an apparatus in which the liquid phase diffusion is now being carried out according to the process of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the result of the corrosion tests conducted on the joined pieces of a solid Ni-alloy at different temperatures.
Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail, with the attached drawings being referred to, by way of the Examples and the Comparative examples shown below, which however should not be construed to limit the present invention.
In order to show the effectiveness of the present invention, a diffusion-joining experiment was carried out using simple model specimens with a middle thickness Al filler.
Two pieces of IN 738 LC cast alloy having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 2 mm (composed of 15.9% of Cr, 1.65% of Mo, 8.21% of Co, 2.46% of W, 3.41% of Ti, 3.62% of Al, 0.86% of Nb, 0.03% of Zr, 0.010% of B, 0.13% of Fe, 1.71% of Ta, 0.09% of C and Balance Ni) were prepared as the constructional parts (indicated as 1 and 1' in FIG. 1) and the joining surfaces 2 of the parts were degreased and rinsed off subsequent to polishing with a #1000 emery paper.
These were set in the vacuum chamber 3 as depicted in FIG. 2. After the vacuum chamber 3 was evacuated from the exhaust vent 4 at a vacuum level of 5�10-6 Torr, Ar gas was introduced into the chamber, keeping the pressure level not higher than 10-3 Torr. Subsequently, a potential of 2 KV was applied between the previously polished and cleaned Al filler 5 with 40 μm thickness as a cathode and the pieces to be joined 1 and 1' as anodes and then the surface of the filler was sputtered for about 10 minutes, thereby cleaning the surface of the Al filler 5. Further, it is preferred to prevent for contaminants on the surface of Al filler to contaminate the surface of the pieces to be joined by pre-setting some device like shutter (not shown in FIG.) near the pieces in this cleaning process. Next, after the shutter was removed as required, a potential of 2 KV was applied to sputter for about 30 minutes, forming Al layers with about 10 μm thickness on the surfaces 2 of the pieces 1 and 1'. After that, the vacuum chamber 3 was evacuated at a vacuum level of about 5�10-6 Torr and hot-press was carried out.
Subsequently, about one atmospheric pressure was applied to the parts in between the top and bottom dies 6 and 6' and then they were heated up to 1100� C. within two minutes by the high frequency heating coil 7, held 15 minutes followed by cooling to obtain a highly sound brazing state.
In order to ascertain the brazeability of Ni alloys by molten Al, the interfacial reaction between Ni alloys and Al was investigated by immersing a thin rod of IN 738 LC of 0.5 mm in diameter in a molten Al bath, of which results are given in FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, the blank boxes show the data when the immersion was made for one minute and the striped boxes show the data when the immersion was conducted for 5 minutes. It is evident from this figure that molten Al well reacts with Ni alloys. Moreover, it was also confirmed by this experiment that the portion where the rod specimen contact with air reacted extremely slowly with molten Al due to the oxide film which has been formed on the rod specimen surface. In addition, it was also convinced by the similar experiment using Fe-base alloys that Fe-base alloys did not react well with molten Al without flux.
For comparison, another test pieces were brazed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an Al foil having a thickness of 40 μm was used as an Al filler.
The thus obtained two sets of brazed test pieces were subjected to heat treatment at 1150� C. for 15 hours to cause the diffusion, and then the structures of the cross sections of the joined test pieces were examined. The Al concentrations at the joints of the two sets of the test pieces were about 3.7% by weight.
In the test pieces brazed and joined with the Al foil (Comparative example), it was found that the diffusion was incomplete due to the thickness of the Al foil so that β-NiAl phase remaining at the central portion of the joint, and oxides were interspersed at the diffusion portion, although the joining itself was successful.
In contrast thereto, in the test pieces joined according to the method of the present invention, the diffusion was completed sufficiently so that the β-NiAl phase almost disappeared and the joining mark could scarcely be observed at the joint. The electron-microscopic investigation of the structure at the joint revealed that some γ' phase layers had been precipitated by the aging treatment.
For another comparison, a liquid phase diffusion-joining was conducted by using an amorphous filler metal composed of 15% of Cr, 4% of B and balance Ni and having a thickness of 40 μm, which is a typical filler metal in the art.
In order to examine the effect of the filler metal on the hot corrosion, an accelerated hot corrosion test was conducted by coating the brazed portion of the test pieces with a synthetic ash composed of 20% of Na2 SO4 and 80% of V2 O5 and heating the thus coated test pieces at 900� C. for 3 hours, with respect to the test pieces just brazed but not subjected to diffusion treatment.
According to an investigation of the cross-sectional structure of the joint, it was revealed that the joint containing B had suffered from considerable damage by the hot corrosion.
In contrast thereto, the brazed test pieces according to the present invention showed no problem of such damage.
In order to achieve higher performance of a gas turbine blade having a cooling system therein, (B) type structure previously mentioned which is characterized by many wafers photoetched, is desirable, where thick filler metal can not be used effectively because of many portions to be joined. Thus, the possibility to join by the thin filler of the present invention was experimented for confirmation. Three pieces of similar test piece as in Example 1, each having 1 mm thickness, were prepared. Then, polishing, degreasing and vapor deposition by sputtering an aluminium layer were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 to form an aluminium layer having a thickness of about 2 μm on the surfaces of the test pieces to be joined. Subsequently, these test pieces were superimposed and brazed with each other to attain an excellent brazing over almost all of the joining surfaces, and uniform joints were obtained by the subsequent diffusion treatment.
In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present invention, a diffusion-joining experiment was conducted using simple model specimens with a middle thickness filler.
Two pieces of IN 738 LC cast alloy having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 2 mm (composed of 15.9% of Cr, 1.65% of Mo, 8.21% of Co, 2.46% of W, 3.41% of Ti, 3.62% of Al, 0.86% of Nb, 0.03% of Zr, 0.010% of B, 0.13% of Fe, 1.71% of Ta, 0.09% of C and Balance Ni) were prepared as constructional parts (shown as 1 and 1' in FIG. 3). Then, the joining surfaces of the parts were degreased and rinsed off subsequent to polishing with a #1000 emery paper. The thus treated parts were set in the chamber 8 as in FIG. 3. After the vacuum chamber was evacuated at a vacuum level of 5�10-6 Torr, an aluminum having a purity of 99.99% was deposited on the joining surfaces of the constructional parts by using an EB gun 9 for vapor deposition of the aluminum 10. The thickness of the Al layers deposited was estimated to be about 10 μm from the amount of the Al charged. Subsequently, the parts were transferred from the first vacuum chamber 8 to the second vacuum chamber 11 evacuated in advance at a vacuum level of 5�10-6 Torr, and set at the hot press portion as shown in FIG. 4.
Then, a pressure of 10 kg/cm2 was applied, though the loading members 13 and 13', to the parts inbetween the top and bottom dies 12 and 12', and the parts were heated up to 1100� C. within 2 minutes by using the high-frequency heating coils 14 and 14' and maintained as such for 15 minutes followed by cooling.
As the result, it was found that the state of the brazing was very good.
The numeral 15 indicates the separator which separates the first vacuum chamber 8 and the second vacuum chamber 11.
Although the above explanation was made with respect to a gas turbine blade having a cooling system therein, the present invention can also be applied to the tandem joining between gas turbine blades, insert joining, Ni-alloy joining in a combustor and so on.
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text:
A heart stabilizer that may include a wrist which couples an end effector to a first linkage. The end effector and wrist may be inserted through an incision in the chest of a patient to assist in performing a minimally invasive coronary procedure. The wrist provides dexterity so that the end effector can be placed on the heart to stabilize the same.
1. A heart stabilizer, comprising:
an end effector;
a first linkage; and,
a wrist that couples said first linkage to said end effector to allow said end effector to move from a position essentially parallel with said first linkage to a position at an angle oblique to said first linkage.
2. The heart stabilizer of
3. The heart stabilizer of
4. The heart stabilizer of clam 1, wherein said end effector includes a rack, and a pinion gear that is coupled to said rack.
5. The heart stabilizer of
6. The heart stabilizer of
7. The heart stabilizer of
8. The he art stabilizer of
9. The heart stabilizer of
10. The heart stabilizer of
11. The heart stabilizer of
12. A heart stabilizer, comprising:
a first linkage that has a proximal end and a distal end;
an elbow coupled to said proximal end of said first linkage;
a wrist coupled to said distal end of said first linkage;
an end effector coupled to said wrist, said end effector having a paddle; and,
a drive shaft that extends along said first linkage and is coupled to said paddle of said end effector to move said paddle.
13. The heart stabilizer of
14. The heart stabilizer of
15. The heart stabilizer of
16. The heart stabilizer of
17. The heart stabilizer of
18. The heart stabilizer of
19. The heart stabilizer of
20. A method for applying a heart stabilizer to a heart of a patient that has a chest, comprising:
inserting an end effector and a wrist through an incision in the chest of the patient, the wrist couples the end effector to a first linkage;
bending the wrist to place the end effector onto the heart; and,
bending the wrist to move the end effector from a position essentially parallel with the first linkage to a position at an angle oblique to the first linkage.
21. The method of
22. The method of
23. A retractor, comprising:
a first linkage;
an end effector;
a first joint that couples said end effector to said first linkage;
a second joint that couples said end effector to said first linkage and pivots about a common plane with said first joint.
24. The retractor of
25. The retractor of
26. The retractor of
27. The retractor of
28. The retractor of
29. The retractor of
30. The retractor of
31. The retractor of
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an articulate heart stabilizer.
2. Background Information
Blockage of a coronary artery may deprive the heart of blood and oxygen required to sustain life. The blockage may be removed with medication or by an angioplasty. For severe blockage a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is performed to bypass the blocked area of the artery. CABG procedures are typically performed by splitting the sternum and pulling open the chest cavity to provide access to the heart. An incision is made in the artery adjacent to the blocked area. The internal mammary artery is then severed and attached to the artery at the point of incision. The internal mammary artery bypasses the blocked area of the artery to again provide a full flow of blood to the heart. Splitting the sternum and opening the chest cavity can create a tremendous trauma to the patient. Additionally, the cracked sternum prolongs the recovery period of the patient.
Computer Motion of Goleta, Calif. provides a system under the trademark ZEUS that allows a surgeon to perform a minimally invasive CABG procedure. The procedure is performed with instruments that are inserted through small incisions in the patient's chest. The instruments are controlled by robotic arms. Movement of the robotic arms and actuation of the instrument end effectors are controlled by the surgeon through a pair of handles and a foot pedal that are coupled to an electronic controller.
When performing a coronary procedure it is desirable to stabilize the heart. A heart stabilizer can be provided to limit the movement of the heart at the surgical site to reduce the complexity of performing the coronary procedure. To date there has not been developed a heart stabilizer that can be used in a minimally invasive procedure. A minimally invasive heart stabilizer must have enough dexterity to be maneuvered within the chest cavity of the patient.
There have been developed articulate retractors that are used in open-heart surgery. The articulate retractors have a pair of wrist joints that allow pivotally movement of a retractor relative to a handle shaft. The joints are spatially separated such that manipulation of the retractor is cumbersome and would be impractical for use in a minimally invasive procedure. It would therefore be desirable to provide a heart stabilizer that can be used in a minimally invasive procedure.
One embodiment of the present invention is a heart stabilizer that may include a wrist which couples an end effector to a first linkage. The end effector and wrist may be inserted through an incision in the chest of a patient to assist in performing a minimally invasive coronary procedure.
Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference numbers,
The system 10 can be used to perform a procedure on a patient 12 that is typically lying on an operating table 14. Mounted to the operating table 14 is a first articulate arm 16, a second articulate arm 18 and a third articulate arm 20. The articulate arms 16, 18 and 20 are preferably mounted to the table 14 so that the arms are at a same reference plane as the patient. Although three articulate arms are shown and described, it is to be understood that the system may have any number of arms.
The first and second articulate arms 16 and 18 each have a surgical instrument 22 and 24, respectively, coupled to a robotic arm 26, respectively. The third articulate arm 20 has an endoscope 28 that is held by a robotic arm 26. The instruments 22 and 24, and endoscope 28 are inserted through incisions cut into the skin of the patient. The endoscope has a c that is coupled to a television monitor 32 which displays images of the internal organs of the patient.
The first 16, second 18, and third 20 articulate arms are coupled to a controller 34 which can control the movement of the arms. The controller 34 is connected to an input device 36 such as a foot pedal that can be operated by a surgeon to move the location of the endoscope 28. The surgeon can view a different portion of the patient by depressing a corresponding button(s) of the pedal 36. The controller 34 receives the input signal(s) from the foot pedal 36 and moves the robotic arm 26 and endoscope 28 in accordance with the input commands of the surgeon. The robotic arms 26 may be devices that are sold by the assignee of the present invention, Computer Motion, Inc. of Goleta, Calif. under the trademark AESOP. The system is also described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,657,429 issued to Wang et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference. Although a foot pedal 36 is shown and described, it is to be understood that the system may have other input means such as a hand controller, or a speech recognition interface.
The instruments 22 and 24 of the first 16 and second 18 articulate arms, respectively, are controlled by a pair of master handles 38 and 40 that can be manipulated by the surgeon. The handles 38 and 40, and arms 16 and 18, have a master-slave relationship so that movement of the handles 38 and 40 produces a corresponding movement of the surgical instruments. The handles 38 and 40 may be mounted to a portable cabinet 42. A second television monitor 44 may be placed onto the cabinet 42 and coupled to the endoscope 28 so that the surgeon can readily view the internal organs of the patient. The handles 38 and 40 are also coupled to the controller 34. The controller 34 receives input signals from the handles 38 and 40, computes a corresponding movement of the surgical instruments, and provides output signals to move the robotic arms and instruments. The entire system may be a product marketed by Computer Motion under the trademark Zeus. The operation of the system is also described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,762,458 issued to Wang et al. and assigned to Computer Motion, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The system may also include a heart stabilizer 60 that is used to perform minimally invasive coronary procedures. The stabilizer 60 is typically inserted through an incision of the patient's chest. The stabilizer 60 can be held by a robotic arm or a static structure (not shown).
As shown in
Referring to
Each rigid tube 84 may be connected to a gear rack 88. Each gear rack 88 can move within corresponding channels 90 of the gear housing 78. The gear racks 90 may be coupled to corresponding pinion gears 92 attached to two of the universal joints 72 of the wrist 62. The universal joints 72 may be connected to a pair of drive shafts 94 that extend through the first linkage 66 as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
While certain exemplary embodiments have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that this invention not be limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications may occur to those ordinarily skilled in the art.
For example, although the medical device shown in
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Chris is a co-host, co-founder and producer of the All Things Good And Nerdy Podcast. Also co-hosts WTWD Radio Free Woodbury, a Walking Dead Fan show, and The Official Gonna Geek.com podcast. He is also a staff writer for Gonna Geek providing updates on all things tech, gaming, comics, or pretty much anything geeky.
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BofA Merrill Launches Dashboard Analytics For Global Reporting And Account Management
Bank of America Merrill Lynch, a leader in commercial card and payables solutions within Global Transaction Services, is proud to announce the launch of Dashboard Analytics, a new module on the Global Reporting and Account Management system which is available to commercial card clients in more than 70 countries and in 21 languages. The new dashboard tool will help senior level executives and treasury departments make better educated decisions to improve their working capital, negotiate better terms with key suppliers and facilitate compliance with company travel policy.
Dashboard Analytics harnesses the power of big data to translate millions of transactions from across the globe into a sleek and actionable dashboard view, explained Kevin Phalen, head of Global Card and Comprehensive Payables in Global Transaction Services.
"After personnel costs, travel is typically the second-largest expense companies can control, and as a result, CEOs and CFOs are constantly in search of ways to reduce travel expenditure," said Kevin Phalen. "Dashboard Analytics promises executives the ability to quickly pinpoint negative trends or non-adherence to company policy. The invaluable intelligence – that has a variety of detailed data - can help companies save on travel expenses and ultimately improve their working capital," added Phalen.
The new module offers companies three dashboard views of data:
- Card Activity, which tracks total spend or transaction count by time period or spend category, among other options.
- Leader, which tracks total spend or transaction count by a company's organizational structure.
- Negative Change, which tracks significant decreases in spend or transaction count by a company's organization structure.
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Version Control Software
Showing page 1 of 1.
Heirloom Project
The Heirloom Project provides standard Unix utilities.81 weekly downloads
Monotone Browser
Monotone GUI2 weekly downloads
Sitellite CMS
Sitellite is an advanced web based Content Management System (CMS) and PHP framework which also utilizes Apache and MySQL technology to operate. The latest Sitellite CMS project downloads are always available at http://www.sitelliteforge.com/1 weekly downloads
CvsKnit is a toolset to automate knitting up CVS repositories from existing source packages. This is a sub-project of minix-up project (SF.jp).1 weekly downloads
syncSQL is a perl server-side CVS script, that sends commit information to a mySQL database, so commits can be viewed, tracked and filtered throught a simple web page or any mySQL client.1 weekly downloads
SubBarna - New way to admin Subversion
Subbarna is the new web-graphical way to admin Subversion. You can admin your repositoroies (create, modify, delete, add/remove users, etc...) by a simple web interface.0 weekly downloads


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Video: Santonio Holmes Talks about The Big D's D
Posted by Erik Manassy on Sep 9, 2011 in Videos | 0 comments
|BobGlauber Jets WR Santonio Holmes expects Cowboys to play a lot of Cover 2 b/c of Pokes' injuries and inexperience in the secondary. #cowboys #jets 9/8/11 4:03 PM
|santonio10 Are you ready to "Scramble"? #ToneTime 9/4/11 12:49 PM
"Every week in this league is a huge challenge," he said, considering the job of covering Santonio Holmes, Plaxico Burress and Derrick Mason of the Jets. "So I'm expecting a challenge. I'm up for the challenge. This is the first chance we get to go out there and show our improvements and prove that we're a good defense." Read More
Cowboys CB Orlando Scandrick On Cover the Jets Wide Receivers
More Articles!
Jets OC Marty Mornhinweg Talks about the TimeoutOffensive Coordinator, Marty Mornhinweg, was unavailable to explain himself to the media after the game Sunday, but Yahoo sports have reached out this morning and here are some quotes from the Jets' OC. Read Full Post »
Jets Started Out Hot; Timeout Derails TeamGeno Smith probably had his best start as a New York Jet in his young career. The problem was getting the team to continue their stellar play past the first 20 minutes of the game. Read Full Post »
Wilkerson's Ejection Disappointing in Jets LossMo Wilkerson getting tossed for throwing punches was the most disappointing action in the game against the Packers. Read Full Post »
3 Things the Jets Need to Correct from the Raiders GameThe Jets must correct these problems if they want a shot at the playoffs. Read Full Post »
Rumor: Stephen Hill will be Released or Traded ShortlyRumor: Stephen Hill will be Released or Traded Shortly Read Full Post »
The Jets Cuts have Begun to Trim to the 53 Man RosterThe Jets have begun the cuts to trim the team to 53 players. Read Full Post »
Why I Feel Stephen Hill is Getting Cut from the JetsStephen Hill may have sealed his fate with the New York Jets with his underwhelming performance and attitude in the preseason finale. Read Full Post »
Dimitri Patterson Must be Cut from the JetsDimitri "No Show" Patterson needs to be released from the New York Jets with his poor excuse and diva attitude. Read Full Post »
Should Stephen Hill Make the 2014 Jets?Should the New York Jets keep third year Stephen Hill for the 2014 season? Read Full Post »
Nick Mangold and Metallica chat it up about "The Frayed Ends of Sanity"!!Some Jets players, fans on my timeline, and some of my relatives were into the world cup this year, and here are some of my opinions on my experience. Read Full Post »


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A Common problem we have here:
Teacher sends a class of students a DOCX file to work on via email.....
The students go into their email and open the file and begin working on it.....
The end of the lesson they hit save....
Next week... Document has been lost as it was saved to the temp folder.
Does anyone know if it is possible for the temp attachment opening location can be moved to thier home drive?
I know the teachers just have to say "Right open it then Save As.." but they dont.
Been looking at
OutlookSecureTempFolder in HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\12.0\O utlook\Security
Anyone already sorted this before I carry on?


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What does YPS mean in Unit Measures?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand YPS in the Miscellaneous field in general and in the Unit Measures terminology in particular.
Years Of Pensionable Service
Find a translation for YPS in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss this YPS abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"YPS." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 22 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/76315>.
YPS also stands for:
- Port Hawkesbury Airport, Port Hawkesbury, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Year of Public Service
- Yeargin Potter Shackelford
- Yellow Prussiate of Soda
- Yonkers Public Schools
... and 14 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
Alternative search:
- Search Years Of Pensionable Service on Amazon.com
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photos and videos here!
Involvement:General (knows how to use it) - Ownership:1 week to 1 monthPros:
Very nice and well functioning watch for the kids. Very nice quality when compared to the price you pay for it. Around here it will cost at least four times as much, if it's purchased in a shop.Cons:
The wrist band might not be of the very best quality - but it will hold for a long time, and when it breaks, it's easy to buy a new watch.OtherThoughts:
This watch is perfect for the kids - and it doesn't cost more than when the watch breaks, it's easy and cheaply replaceable.Bottomline:
If you have young children (especially boys) this watch is a must-have. They will love it.
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Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument
Contact Information
National Volcanic Monument Headquarters
42218 N.E. Yale Bridge Rd.
Amboy, WA 98601
Johnston Ridge Observatory
24000 Spirit Lake Highway
P.O. Box 326
Toutle, WA 98649
Science and Learning Center at Coldwater
Spirit Lake Highway
Castle Rock, WA 98611
Mount St. Helens Visitor Center at Silver Lake
3029 Spirit Lake Highway
Castle Rock, WA 98611
(Operated by Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission)
Contact Us
Smith Creek Butte and Mount St. Helens quadrangles.
Trail open to Mountain Bikes and Hikers. 5.5 miles one way.
Beginning next to the mudflow that traveled down the Muddy River drainage, the trail climbs steadily through a plantation of young trees before entering groves of giant Douglas fir, silver and noble fir. The trail then emerges on an open ridge top with views east into Ape Canyon and in the distance, Mount Adams. Wildflowers, when in bloom, paint these meadows in vibrant colors. Continuing along the ridge, the trail passes through patches of 1980 standing dead forest before emerging at the top of Ape Canyon, where it terminates at the junction with Loowit Trail #216.
Access trail from: Ape Canyon Trailhead on Forest Road 83 or Loowit Trail 216.
Ape Canyon Trail # 234 is a popular trail for both hikers and mountain bikers. Visitors can expect high mountain bike use on the weekends. Please be curtious and share the trail.
Parking area is busy on the weekends.
Ape Canyon Trail # 2234 is a popular trail for both hikers and mountain bikers. Visitors can expect high mountain bike use on weekends. Please be curtious and share the trail.
Parking can be busy on weekends.
Access to Loowit Trail # 216 which circles the Monument.
Related Information
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Recreation Vicinity Map (pdf)
Forest Service Home | USDA.gov | recreation.gov | USA.gov | Whitehouse.gov
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Pray for Santiago in Ecuador, who deeply desires to participate in church activities but his father won't allow him to do so.
Pray for 112 Compassion families in Ecuador whose homes were damaged during recent flooding. Compassion is providing emergency supplies and care.
In 2011 Compassion formed a unique partnership with Stadia, a U.S.-based church-planting nonprofit. The alliance enabled Compassion to build a child development center and church, Roca de la Eternidad, in Pampanal last spring.
Families' personal stories reveal why Compassion is sorely needed on the island of Pampanal de Bolivar.
Adults often marvel at how many things change in only a decade. But for children, everything changes in a decade.
Compassion Ecuador has provided more information about the heavy rains and flooding that occurred in Guayas Province on March 19.
Compassion Ecuador has provided more information about the heavy rains and flooding that occurred in Ecuador's Guayas Province on March 19.
Heavy rains and flooding occurred throughout Ecuador's Guayas Province on March 19, 2013.
Ecuador continues to experience flooding that began in early March.
Please pray for the many children who have fallen ill over the past several months.
Melisa was born into an often violent home. Her childhood was abusive. After always being told she wasn't good enough, Melisa found encouragement and love through Compassion's program.
Rená® belives one thing wholeheartedly, that God loves him and that He has a plan for his life. Despite living in an city with 80 percent unemployment and increased gang acitivity, Rená® continues to live for God.


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Bluegrass Bios
KSON's Bluegrass Special
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Category Archives: Ministry
Pastor to Generations
Since the middle of last year I've served as a family ministries coach (consultant) for College Avenue Baptist Church in San Diego. The church has caught the vision for becoming a more intergenerational, family-friendly and unified kind of church and … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry Tagged College Avenue Baptist Church, Ministry, Pastor to Generations 1 Comment
Fun Weekend at Forest Home
I went to Junior High Winter Camp at Forest Home last weekend with the middle-school group from College Avenue Baptist Church. It has been a long time since I've bunked down with a group of middle-school boys as a cabin … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry Tagged youth ministry 1 Comment
Would you buy this book?
OK folks, I've written a book which will be published later on this year … part memoir, part youth ministry rant … and the publisher has suggested this cover design. There's still time to change things, so your feedback would … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry Tagged writing, youth ministry, Youth Specialties 3 Comments
A Conversation with Henri Nouwen
When I was editor of Youthworker Journal many years ago I conducted a phone interview with the late priest Henri Nouwen for an issue we were doing on personal spirituality (spring 1993). I recently found the mini-cassette of that interview … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry, Personal Tagged henri nouwen, personal spirituality, prayer, youthworker 7 Comments
Compassion in Haiti
I received a letter today from Compassion International which is posted below because God may be leading you (as he is Marci and I) to reach out to help the thousands of people who have been impacted by yesterday's earthquake … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry, Personal Tagged Compassion, Haiti Leave a comment
Hooray! YS will keep right on "Tic-ing"
Well, the news is out about the future of Youth Specialties and I'm happy to report that it's very good. YouthWorks, the Minneapolis-based ministry that purchased YS from Zondervan a couple months ago has re-hired Tic Long to come back … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry Tagged Tic Long, Youth Specialties, YouthWorks, YS 1 Comment
Happy New Year!
I wish I could say that I spent the first full day of the new year doing something constructive or creative but I watched football all day. Three games. Actually I think I watched six or seven football games this … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry, Personal Tagged football, home school, Parenting, parents, Tim Tebow Leave a comment
Maybe the Church of Christ Has It Right
College Avenue Baptist Church (San Diego) is doing something radical this coming spring. It is combining it's two Sunday morning services into one. No longer will there be a traditional service featuring the pipe organ and Sanctuary choir followed by … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry Tagged College Avenue Baptist, intergenerational, Ministry, the church, worship 19 Comments
Youth Specialties in Transition
I've been getting phone calls from people wanting to know how I feel about the recent changes at Youth Specialties. Earlier this year, Tic Long was let go, and last week, Mark Oestreicher (Marko) was also released of his duties. … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry Tagged Christian Post, Mark Oestreicher, Tic Long, Youth Specialties, Zondervan 22 Comments
Help Choose the Cover of My New Book
Standard Publishing has asked for some feedback on two cover designs for my new book Generation to Generation. What do you think? Which do you like best? Keep in mind that this is a book for parents. Click on the … Continue reading
Posted in Ministry Tagged books, Generation to Generation, Parenting, writing 18 Comments


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Eddie Bonine
From BR Bullpen
Eddie Keith Bonine
- Bats Right, Throws Right
- Height 6' 5", Weight 220 lb.
- School University of Nevada
- Debut June 14, 2008
- Born June 6, 1981 in Columbus, GA, USA
[edit] Biographical Information
Pitcher Eddie Bonine won his major league debut for the Detroit Tigers against the Los Angeles Dodgers on June 14, 2008 in spite of giving up 6 runs on 9 hits in 5 ⅓ innings. He then pitched 7 innings while giving up only 2 runs in his next start at San Diego but was not involved in the decision.


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Salutos Pizza & PastaCategory: FOOD & DRINK
Salutos, a favorite Italian restaurant in Gurnee draws residents from various local communities. Owners Bob and Melody Bode recently renovated and enlarged Salutos to better accommodate patrons. The restaurant features a two-story bar, a large dining room.
Location & Nearby Attractions
What's Nearby


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Important Information
We are a "Leader In Me" School!
Watch D.O.G.S
Attention all 'DADS" of Castle Hills Students! The WATCH D.O.G.S. (Dads of Great Students) Program is an innovative program being used by schools across America to positively impact schools by the committed involvement of fathers and father figures in student lives. Call the office for more information.
More Events
District Links
- College and Career Awareness & Preparedness
- Help Keep Our Children Safe
- Immunization
- NEISD Calendars
- Registration


text:
Resources and Publications
Resource and Publication
Policy should be reformed to better integrate the national labs with regional economies.
ITIF presents a framework for evaluating and resolving cross-border Internet policy conflicts.
This report provides a snapshot of states' efforts to create open data policies and portals.
The U.S. Export-Import Bank remains vital to supporting America's traded sector competitiveness.
The Chinese government has created a broad strategy to "informatize" its economy and society.
The future economic health of the U.S. economy will depend on the strength of its national innovation system.
When implemented properly, de-identification can enable the benefits of data analytics without threats to...
The State New Economy Index uses 25 indicators to measure the extent to which state economies are knowledge-...
ITIF's annual review of books covering technology and innovation issues.
Europe's increasing productivity gap with the U.S. can be addressed by taking better advantage of ICT.
The U.S. economy is a constantly evolving, complex ecosystem.
Congress just introduced a path forward on cross-border digital searches.
Lumping all government support for business as bad is just plain wrong.
Bill will greatly improve American innovation and competitiveness.
Unsurprisingly, education spending and a well-educated workforce are correlated among states.
Open is becoming a key economic development tool.
A new government report confirms benefits of digital trade for the U.S. economy.
Silicon Valley is a prime example of how geographically clustered R&D can transform an economy.
Despite optimistic claims, manufacturing jobs are not being reshored to the United States.
California ranks 3rd in 2014 SNEI.
Stephen Ezell presented on the pros and cons of how LBTs like offsets impact the global innovation economy.
Robert Atkinson will present on "Achieving Shared Growth for the U.S. in a Global Economy" to the...
This colloquium will explore opportunities for self-service innovation in government, identify key...
Stephen Ezell presents on the current state of U.S. manufacturing.
Daniel Castro spoke about security, freedom, and privacy at a panel discussion hosted by the Knight...
Robert Atkinson presented to the North Carolina Association of County Commissioners on Innovation-Based...
Stephen Ezell presented "Innovation Economics: The Race for Global Advantage" to the BioPharma...
Matthew Stepp discussed key reforms to improve development and deployment at a roundtable discussion on...
Stephen Ezell presented at the 2013 ALEC conference in Chicago.
Matthew Stepp briefed the Bay Area Science and Innovation Consortium on the "Turning the Page:...
Testimony before the U.S. International Trade Commission making the case for the expansion of the ITA.
COPPA restricts the development of a robust Internet ecosystem for children and should not be strengthened.
Strong leadership in cloud computing is necessary to remain globally competitive, advance technology in the...
The FCC should not extend its authority to regulate the software installed on mobile devices.
The implications for the U.S. economy as a result of China's strategic decisions should be clear.
Testimony before House Energy and Commerce Committee on U.S. manufacturing.
House Subcommittee Testimony Avoiding the Spectrum Crunch: Growing the Wireless Economy through Innovation
Spectrum policy needs to realign spectrum into a smaller number of larger allocations for general-purpose...
ITIF comments on the NTIA multistakeholder process to develop consumer data privacy codes of conduct.
The tax code should reduce ineffective exemptions and incentives while expanding effective ones focused on...
Regulators should create policies that protect privacy while minimizing burdens on businesses.
Conventional economics provides an increasingly poor guide for economic policy and should be replaced by an evolutionary economics framework.
Rob Atkinson contributed the chapter "Public Policy, Innovation and New Technologies" to the textbook "Guide to U.S. Economic Policy."
Robert Atkinson contributed the chapter "Innovation in Cities and Innovation by Cities" for the book "Creating Competitiveness: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Polices for Growth."
In a chapter for the new book Practicing Sustainability, Rob Atkinson wrote about sustainability from an innovation economics perspective.
"Innovation Economics: The Race for Global Advantage." This new book delivers a critical wake-up call: a fierce global race for innovation advantage is under way and the United States is running the risk of losing.
Daniel Castro contributed a chapter titled "U.S. Federal Cybersecurity Policy" in the book "Cybersecurity: Public Sector Threats and Responses."
Rob Atkinson contributed a chapter titled chapter "Who's Who in Internet Politics" for the book "The Next Digital Decade: Essays on the Future of the Internet."
Supply-Side Follies: Why Conservative Economics Fails, Liberal Economics Falters, and Innovation Economics is the Answer
Supply-Side Follies methodically debunks the common assumptions of conservative economics and demonstrates why it is a flawed doctrine that is setting up the U.S. for a major economic downturn in the near future.
Taking into account the historical record, the book discusses the shortcomings of prevailing liberal and conservative economic doctrines and lays out a new growth economics agenda aimed at maximizing the productivity and innovation-enhancing forces of the New Economy.


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Fiery feast-A A +A
Friday, October 12, 2012
A FIERY feast! Before the mind runs wild, it is really nothing like an intense dining with fire moving all around. Instead, it is the Academy of International Culinary Arts (AICA) students going through their Hell Week, now on its eighth year.
Far from its smoldering connotation, Hell Week is explained by AICA culinary programs director Johann Young as a whole week of restaurant assimilation thus, erasing the image of grilling culinary students literally, more so in the figurative sense.
Now, if anyone thinks it sounds mighty scary, then wait until Young shares that it used to be called "Week of Hell." Fortunately the tag was changed as they thought it "sounded too much already." If anything, that was a consideration well-made there.
"It's (called) Hell Week but it's really a fun experience," shares Young, which should speak for both students and guests enjoying the dishes prepared in line with this year's theme: Different American Cuisines.
Challenges begina week prior to Hell Week, when students plan out menus and consult with guiding mentor chefs.
On Monday, everyone started preparing for the following days. Tuesday featured burgers and sandwiches; Wednesday was for Texas-Mexican dishes; Thursday highlighted California Chic degustation; and Friday held surprise dishes derived from the week's leftovers.
Tex-Mex Wednesday was considered media day and before anything was decided from the menu, a bowl of tasty chips complimented with salsa and guacamole was served at every table.
For starters, two options were up for grabs. One was the "Pozole Verde," made mainly of chicken breast chopped to bite size pieces afloat a flavorsome soup of which, to spice things up, were chilies, cilantro and tomatillos as garnish.
Next was the "Enselada de Camarones" that looks—as interesting as it sounds—like a scrumptious nest of cabbage, avocado, red onion, tomato, avocado crema, corn tostada and shrimp well-hidden beneath it all.
For the main course, side dishes were to be chosen between Mexican corn or rice, and refried beans, though everyone seemed to suggest the former was more apt to really imbibe the mood of the occasion.
"Baja Fish Tacos" was one of the choices, which was made of a supple piece of parrot fish showered with cabbage slaw, jalapeno ranch dressing, pico de gallo and calamansi for added tang.
Another pick was a plate of two "Beef Flautas," each of which was a meaty roll of flour tortillas stuffed with braised beef topped with savory mix of guacamole and cumin crema.
For dessert, still two options were on hand. One was the "Tres Leches Cake" that can easily be mistaken as leche flan from afar. Up close, it was a yellow cake put in with condensed milk, evaporated milk, cream and homemade dulce de leche, all topped with whip cream to ultimate sweetness.
Second, and quite a mouthful name, was the "Chocolate y Fresa Ice Cream Sanwiches." Regardless of the complicated term, it is made of vanilla ice cream with tiny strawberry bits and cinnamon in between toothsome chocolate pizelles shaped like snowflakes.
All these delish fares were intended to be washed down with no less than delectable refreshment and that was the "Alfresca Agua" flaunting some frozen watermelon chunks.
Still not sure what a fiery feast is? Feel free to read this story again.
Published in the Sun.Star Cebu newspaper on October 13, 2012.
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I just bought a 13" spitfire to build my daughter a bike. The frame has horizontal dropouts (10mm x 135) but I want to set it up as a 1x9.
I got a set of "tugs" with it so that she has no issues with the rear weel shiftin or moving.
My problem is that once I install the tugs putting the rear wheel back on is virtually impossible - ther is no easy way to fit the rotor into the caliper.
The stock picture from the fire-eye site shows basically what I'm dealing with:
Does anyone have any suggestions how I can overcome this issue? Any advice is appreciated.
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Yoga for Heart Health: Why It's Powerful Medicine
I've long-known the stretching and breath work of yoga is good for your heart. But new findings from the University of Kansas show just the benefits of yoga for heart health. What they found is that just three yoga classes a week can cut episodes of atrial fibrillation (A-Fib)—by half! This is…Read More


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News 1 - 15 of 18
Matt Bomer Joins Russell Crowe in Shane Black's 'Nice Guys'September 30, 2014 10:09:13
As his TV series commitment fades away, the 'White Collar' actor focuses on his feature film transition.
Matt Bomer Lands 'Warped' Role on 'American Horror Story: Freak Show'August 25, 2014 08:08:48
The 'White Collar' actor has signed up to guest star in the upcoming installment of Ryan Murphy's anthology series.
Matt Bomer Married His Partner Simon Halls Three Years AgoApril 23, 2014 03:04:40
The star of 'The Normal Heart', who came out as gay two years ago, confirms in the latest edition of Details magazine that he married his partner three years ago.
Colin Farrell, Matt Bomer, and Bella Thorne Attend 'Winter's Tale' NYC PremiereFebruary 12, 2014 02:02:55
The romantic drama directed by Akiva Goldsman holds a star-studded special screening at the Big Apple before hitting theaters on Valentine's Day.
Matthew Bomer Calls Wentworth Miller's Gay Revelation 'Classy'August 23, 2013 03:08:36
The 'White Collar' actor says that Miller was 'really bold and incredibly classy' as he revealed his sexual preference in a letter to the director of a Russian film festival.
First Trailer for Jack Kerouac Drama 'Big Sur'January 05, 2013 10:01:05
Packed with beautiful shots of natural landscapes, the trailer highlights the famed Beat poet's mental and physical deterioration during his move from New York to Northern California.
Coachella Organizers Hint Rolling Stones May Headline FestivalJanuary 05, 2013 09:01:20
Goldenvoice may have just confirmed the performance which the band initially teased about last year.
Kelly Clarkson 'Never Insulted' by Lesbian Rumors, Hit on by 'Hottest Girl Ever'January 05, 2013 09:01:22
'Being single doesn't mean you're gay. But I'm never insulted by it, obviously,' Clarkson says, addressing the reports that she's gay before dating Brandon Blackstock.
Ryan Murphy to Adapt 'Normal Heart' Starring Julia Roberts for HBOJanuary 05, 2013 09:01:45
The 'American Horror Story' creator will direct the TV movie adaptation of the Tony-winning play for a 2014 premiere, with Mark Ruffalo and Matt Bomer also in the cast.
Pics: Bella Thorne, Neil Patrick Harris, and Matt Bomer Serve Thanksgiving Food for the HomelessNovember 22, 2012 04:11:00
Among other artists participating in the Los Angeles charity mission for Thanksgiving are Eileen Davidson, Malin Akerman, Blair Underwood, Kirk Douglas and Tatyana Ali.
Matt Bomer Is Bryan's Sexy Ex-Boyfriend on 'The New Normal'October 11, 2012 02:10:02
The 'White Collar' actor will guest star in an upcoming episode of Ryan Murphy's latest comedy series.
Video: Matthew Bomer's Cooper Anderson Auditions for 'Transformers'April 11, 2012 01:04:15
The narcissistic older brother of Blaine, who appears in the April 10 episode of 'Glee', makes an audition tape to be sent to Michael Bay, auditioning for the part of Deputy Roscoe.
'Glee' Clip: Matt Bomer and Darren Criss' Full Performance of 'Somebody That I Used to Know'April 04, 2012 11:04:03
Bomer's Cooper Anderson and Criss' Blaine cover the Gotye song to express their feelings about their ongoing sibling rivalry when the former returns to Lima from Hollywood.
'Glee' Sneak Peek Teases Matt Bomer's Performance of 'Somebody I Used to Know'March 29, 2012 08:03:20
In addition to singing the Gotye song, the 'White Collar' actor will perform a mash-up of Duran Duran's classics and have a kissing scene with Jane Lynch.
First Official 'Breaking Dawn II' Teaser ReleasedMarch 27, 2012 08:03:55
Teasing Bella Swan's new appearance as a vampire, the short promo video for 'The Twilight Saga's Breaking Dawn Part II' also shows Edward Cullen welcoming his wife to his bloodsucker clan.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Look up PRI or pri in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
PRI may refer to:
- Pacific Research Institute, a California-based free market think tank
- Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York
- Panchayati Raj Institutions
- Partito Repubblicano Italiano, the Italian Republican Party, est. 1895
- Partido Regionalista de los Independientes (PRI), the Regionalist Party of the Independents, est. 2006
- Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), the Institutional Revolutionary Party in Mexico since 1929
- Penal Reform International, a non-governmental organization
- Perceptual Reasoning Index, one of the four major components of intelligence in the WAIS-IV test
- Perth Royal Infirmary, a hospital in Perth, Scotland
- Photochemical Reflectance Index
- Political risk insurance
- Pollution reduction and investment, revised name for "cap and trade" (otherwise known as emissions trading)
- Population Research Institute, a pro-life nonprofit in Virginia
- IATA airport code for Praslin Island Airport, in the Seychelles
- The PRI disease resistant apple breeding program
- Primary Rate Interface, telecommunication standard
- Primate Research Institute
- Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
- Public Radio International, a Minneapolis-based American public radio organization
- The ISO 3166-1 3-letter country code and an abbreviation for Puerto Rico
- Puerto Rico Islanders
- Cromemco PRI, an S-100 parallel printer interface card
|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title PRI.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


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Blaine Brodie wrote: > > firstname.lastname@example.com writes: > > Blaine Brodie wrote: > > > > > > In the DOM 2 spec [07/03/2000] under Section 4.2 the MediumList's > > > interface "append" method [now "appendMedium" I believe] takes in a > > > DOMString and throws a NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR exception, but > should > > > this method also throw a SYNTAX_ERR exception? > > > > Not sure we should. > > A syntax of a medium can be found in the CSS2 spec but this interface is > > not supposed to be limited by CSS2. > > We also have media in the HTML4 spec. The stylesheet PI uses > > this definition. For them, this is "single media descriptor" but i > > can't find a clear syntax except that they are comma separated. I don't > > think we can rely on this definition. > > > > So, without a clear common definition for the syntax of a medium, it's > > difficult to raise an error. It also depends on the context. > > > > Philippe. > > I think I understand now. For the case where I have an empty mediaList > named media, and I say media.appendMedium("print, braille"), > media.getItem(1) will return "braille". Correct? No, it's not. You append a medium and not a list of media. In your case, media.getItem(1) should return "print, baille". But we also have: mediaText of type DOMString The parsable textual representation of the media list. This is a comma-separated list of media. So, I guess the comma should be definitively excluded from the syntax of a medium: SYNTAX_ERR If the medium contains a comma character. Philippe.Received on Thursday, 4 May 2000 15:38:48 GMT
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.2.0+W3C-0.50 : Friday, 22 June 2012 06:13:47 GMT


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Updated from 10:59 a.m. to reflect that Blue Harbor started buying Rackspace in May, not June.
NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- Hedge fund Blue Harbour Group believes managed cloud company Rackspace (RAX) is undervalued and can buy back a significant amount of stock as the company distinguishes its business model from larger competitors such as Amazon Web Service (AMZN) . Blue Harbour began buying Rackspace shares in May before Rackspace said it hired Morgan Stanley to run a strategic review, however, the bulk of the firm's accumulation happened through June, July and August.
While Blue Harbour believes Rackspace's business would be complementary to a handful of acquirers over the long-term, it also thinks the company's standalone prospects in the cloud computing market present a value to investors. Blue Harbour expects Rackspace will generate $2 billion in recurring revenue by 2015, indicating a return to steady revenue growth amid a change in strategy that emphasizes the company's service, in addition to its cloud infrastructure capabilities.
Rackspace, after failing to win cloud hosting market share from Amazon Web Service amid a pricing battle, is working to re-emphasize its customer service, in a move that may underscore its differentiated offering to smaller businesses without a large IT infrastructure. Earlier in 2014, Rackspace changed its pricing to split infrastructure and service costs for customers. That change appears to have buoyed Rackspace's recent earnings and its outlook for coming quarters.Read More: Change Looms at Babcock and Wilcox as Blue Harbour Takes Stake Improving fundamentals at Rackspace and a more clear communication of strategy to investors may help the company improve its valuation. Currently, Rackspace is trading at about six times forward earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), while competitors (according to Blue Harbour) such as Equinix (EQIX) trade at multiples of over 10x EBITDA. Historically, Rackspace has traded at around 10x EBITDA. Blue Harbour has lobbied that the company use its balance sheet to buy back shares while they are undervalued. The fund accumulated a 6.4% stake in Rackspace shares through July and August and met with management to express its views on buybacks before filing a 13D on Monday. Blue Harbour is currently Rackspace's fourth largest shareholder, according to Bloomberg data, while hedge fund Third Point Management recently disclosed an over 5% stake in the company. Rackspace carries $340 million in cash on its balance sheet and the company generates roughly $600 million in EBITDA. Wells Fargo analysts said on Tuesday they believe the disclosure of Blue Harbour and Third Point's stake, in addition to strong third quarter guidance is improving investor sentiment on Rackspace after years of underperformance. Rackspace appears poised to adopt a more shareholder friendly capital structure, Wells Fargo said, while noting the company may be able to repurchase as much as $900 million in stock, or 20% of its equity value. No Winner Take All Market Blue Harbour's thesis on Rackspace may prove a subtle twist in how investors look at cloud computing. While services such as AWS, Google Compute Engine (GOOG) and Microsoft Azure (MSFT) have quickly ascended to a powerful market position, cloud services may not be the zero sum game many investors foresee. Large corporations and government agencies were early adopters of cloud solutions like AWS as a means to lower their IT infrastructure costs. While large firms with dedicated IT staff are able to handle low-service infrastructure like AWS, Rackspace is oriented to smaller firms that need more help as they adopt public clouds. It is the wider adoption of cloud services among smaller organizations where Rackspace may have a stable and under-appreciated foothold, Blue Harbour believes. "Cloud computing is not a winner takes all game," Todd R. Marcy, a managing director at Blue Harbour, said of the firm's investment in Rackspace, in a Monday evening interview with TheStreet. "We think Rackspace is differentiated within a huge secular growth market." Blue Harbour's other IT-services oriented investments have included Akamai Technologies (AKAM) , the firm's largest position according to Bloomberg data, and Savvis, a company acquired by CenturyLink (CTL) . Strategic Review Reports have come in mixed on Rackspace's strategic review. While the company said it hired Morgan Stanley after receiving indications of interest, media reports indicate no deal may be imminent. One issue appears to be Rackspace' discounted valuation, which is creating a large gap in the bids the company is receiving and the price at which it is willing to sell. Potential buyers such as AT&T (T) have their hands tied as they work to complete large acquisitions or continued strategic change. IBM's (IBM) purchase of SoftLayer for $2 billion, or an enterprise value of 10.5 times EBITDA ultimately may prove a good barometer on Rackspace's long-term deal-making prospects. Rackspace shares were rising nearly 4% in early Tuesday trading. Shares in the company have fallen over 15% year-to-date and nearly 10% since the company announced its strategic review in May. Rackspace declined to comment for this article, while Third Point Management didn't immediately respond to an email seeking comment. Read More: Family Dollar's Lost Way Leads to Peltz and Icahn -- Written by Antoine Gara in New York Follow @AntoineGara
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