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This story was originally published at Wyofile.com.
As Wyoming grapples with how it will fund wildlife conservation, hunters may lose some of their influence as other groups and interests are asked to increase their financial contributions.
Hunters have been key players in conserving wildlife in the post-frontier era, a development that's come to be called the North American Model of Wildlife Management. Wyoming Game and Fish Department says 55 percent of its budget comes from the sale of hunting and fishing licenses and fees, and that hunters contribute even more through taxes on guns and ammo.
Since 2005, however, the agency has received general fund money appropriated by the Legislature, now amounting to 6 percent of its budget. That opens the door for others to demand representation in wildlife management decisions.
But those interests, whether they be against hunting or against aggressive predator control, feel they already have a legitimate reason to be heard but still are being shut out."I would describe the North American Model as incomplete," said Thomas Serfass, a professor at Frostburg State University in Maryland and chairman of its department of biology and natural resources who has studied the issue. "It's never been a complete story of wildlife conservation."
Hunters have rightly claimed credit for saving or restoring iconic American species, be they elk, antelope, ducks or wild turkey. Yet some point to imperiled sage grouse, declining mule deer populations and the recent Endangered Species Act protection of the Gunnison sage grouse as examples of a broken North American Model.
One of the elements that is missing from the North American Model's history of wildlife conservation is the contributions of federal land management agencies, Serfass said.
"Federal funding has never been a prominent part of what's been, or at least what's been portrayed (as) the North American Model," he said. "Setting land aside in the public domain in perpetuity is probably the most substantive thing we do for wildlife conservation."
When the value of federal land programs are put into the mix of wildlife conservation today, hunters' contributions diminish to a mere 6 percent of funding nationwide, a paper released in October says. "The basis (the North American Model) of public debate is a myth," says the study Wildlife Conservation and Management Funding in the U.S. The group Nevadans for Responsible Wildlife, Management issued the paper.
"Times are changing," said Donald Molde, co-author of the study and a former board member of Defenders of Wildlife. "The issue of wildlife — who pays for that (and) whether the non-consumptive user should have a say — this is a body of concern that's really relatively new … in the last 10 years."
"What about this public lands argument," he said. "Holy Toledo, that's a huge subsidy to hunters."
Molde's paper, written with Mark E. Smith, co-founder of the Nevada group, says the eight largest federally funded wildlife programs contribute $18.7 billion annually to wildlife, land management and related programs. Those agencies include the U.S. Forest Service at $9.7 billion, the National Park Service at $3.6 billion, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at $2.8 billion and the BLM at $1.2 billion.
Only 5 percent of those agencies' operating budgets and land acquisition costs are funded by hunters or related activities, the authors say. A similar ratio occurs in the private sector among conservation nonprofits, the study says.
"The 10 largest non-profit conservation organizations contribute $2.5 billion annually to habitat and wildlife conservation; of this, 12.3 percent comes from hunters and 87.7 percent from the non-hunting public," the paper says. The Nature Conservancy tops the list at $859 million annually, followed by land trusts, Wildlife Conservation Society, World Wildlife Fund and Ducks Unlimited, the latter at $147 million.
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation was last of the top 10 at $54 million, according to Molde and Smith.
"With increased awareness and interest of the general (non consumptive) public in controversial wildlife management issues such as fur trapping, predator control, trophy hunting, coyote killing contests and wolf reintroduction, a debate is before us as to whether the general public is or should be afforded a proper voice in wildlife management decisions," the two wrote. "Sportsmen favor the current system, which places a heavy emphasis on their interests through favorable composition of wildlife commissions and a continued emphasis on ungulate management.""Nonhuman predators (wolves, mountain lions, coyotes, ravens and others) are disfavored by wildlife managers at all levels as competition for sportsmen and are treated as second-class citizens of the animal kingdom," the paper says. "Sportsmen suggest this bias is justified because 'Sportsmen pay for wildlife,' a refrain heard repeatedly when these matters are discussed."
Molde has been arguing with Nevada wildlife authorities about lion hunting and trapping for 40 years, he said, but officials hear other voices. "The guys who stand up and shout the loudest are the ones that shoot deer, elk and bighorn sheep," he said.
Their argument goes like this, Serfass said: "We provided the funding and technical resources, for example, restoring ungulates. In the process hunters vilify predators." Thus, "they (hunters) should have primary attention in the way predators are managed.
"That attitude has taken us back 70 or 80 years in the progress we have been making in predator and prey management," he said.
Even choosing to buy a license shouldn't entitle one to a louder voice, Molde argues. Such influence may even undercut elements of the North American Model.
In recent years Wyoming has seen the establishment of the Cougar Fund, Wyoming Untrapped, and Wyoming Wildlife Advocates, each of which seeks to defend predators. Wildlife Advocates recently sued federal agencies over the elk hunt in Grand Teton National Park and is criticizing the Game and Fish's killing of a grizzly bear near Clark.The challenged elk hunt in Grand Teton may be an example of how some people feel left out, according to a masters' thesis being prepared by Marian Vernon, a teaching fellow at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. She interviewed more than 30 people about the park's elk reduction program.
"(W)hile stakeholders tend to define the problems associated with the park elk hunt in technical terms (e.g., problems of elk overpopulation, human safety), the underlying problem — and the ultimate source of the conflict — is that many stakeholders feel disrespected and excluded from the process by which government agencies make decisions about wildlife management and conservation on public lands," she wrote in the Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative fall 2014 newsletter. "The results of my study suggest that agencies should shift the focus of their attention away from ecological and biological details of elk management and instead focus on improving transparency, participation and involvement with outside stakeholders."
Serfass, at Frostburg State, agrees.
"Probably a lack of access (to decision-makers) is one of the weakness in how we conduct wildlife conservation," he said. "As a democratic society, if we're talking about the public trust, people need more access."
Despite the argument about the role of public lands in wildlife conservation, state management budgets are still viewed through the lens of the rifle scope, the critics said.
"Access is related to contributions," Serfass said. "The first thing we have to do is realize we need a broader funding base.
"Non-hunting conservationists need to step up and demand to participate in funding," he said. "The infrastructure is not in place. The average person who cares about conservation doesn't necessarily (participate in) those types of activities," like hunting.
"They certainly don't have a voice with congressional caucuses that deal with sportsmen activities," he said. "If they don't belong to one of the higher-end conservation organizations, it's a challenge for them to participate."
Attempts to find new ways to fund wildlife conservation are ongoing not only in Wyoming but also nearby, not always successfully. In North Dakota, voters this month rejected a proposal to set aside 5 percent of the state's oil extraction tax for conservation, the Bismarck Tribune reported.
In Montana, Fish Wildlife and Parks stalled a proposal to sell a wolf-management stamp that would have funded non-lethal elements of the agency's program. Critics on both sides of the predator argument didn't have faith in the proposal. The nonprofit Wildlife Institute offered reasons in an online essay."The lack of relationships with citizens who do not hunt or fish can lead to indifference or mistrust that undermines public support for new revenue sources," the policy group said. "At the same time, the longstanding relationship between agencies and hunters that has fueled conservation for the past century can also create resistance to allowing other interests to help fund state agencies."
Regardless of the role of federal lands and budgets in sustaining wildlife in Wyoming, the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission decides on game populations, hunting seasons and so on. The governor appoints the seven members of the commission, who represent districts across the state. Laws limit the number of members from a single political party.
Wyoming wants to set up a task force to figure out how to ensure long-term Game and Fish funding, said Neil Thagard, the Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership's Western outreach director. The group supports wildlife conservation through the North American Model. Sportsmen, business owners, oil and gas interests would come up with a plan at the governor's request, Thagard said, and he's been asked to serve.
While it's too early to predict what might come out of such a group — yet to be assembled and announced — Thagard would like to see non-consumptive users engaged, he said.
"There's no one in this state that doesn't benefit from sustainable fish and wildlife populations," he said. "I would just like to see everyone step up to the plate and be willing to provide funding for professional wildlife management."
"As far as the funding to the professional wildlife agencies, it is sportsmen that are paying the bill, and that's a good thing," he said. Some hunters want to keep it that way, he said. If the system changes, the fear among some is "We as sportsmen are going to lose control."
Thagard agrees that federal lands in the West are essential to healthy wildlife populations, hence his stiff opposition to states acquiring them. At the state management level, where most game populations, hunting seasons and limits are set "I think the hunter does have a louder voice — but they're the ones engaged with the agency," he said.
He also would defer to technical and biological experts, unlike Yale's Vernon who is studying the Grand Teton elk hunt and suggesting decisions be made in a broader context that includes interests and stakeholders that have not traditionally been involved.
"What does the science say we need to do to appropriately manage fish and wildlife resources," Thagard said. "It should be science-based information that influences the decisions.
"Our Wyoming Game and Fish are heavily influenced at times by policies established at the state level and by special interests," he said. "That doesn't always bode well for wildlife."
Thagard said he'd like to see game and fish license prices linked to the consumer price index. If such were to happen, hunters and anglers would see less sticker shock than if prices were hiked once every decade or so, as they are now. Such a move also would keep the Legislature, which today approves license-price increases, out of the picture.
"We have too much legislative meddling in Game and Fish agencies," he said. "This isn't just Wyoming, it's all over. We don't need politics driving fish and wildlife management."
If non-consumptive users feel left out of the wildlife management picture, so too do non-resident hunters. They're one of the largest, if not the largest single group of contributors to the Game and Fish budget, Dubois outfitter and former legislator Budd Betts said.
He is a board member of the Wyoming Outfitters and Guides Association, a group that relies heavily on out-of-state clients.
Non-resident hunters can pay more than $1,000 for an elk license, $10,000 all-told for travel and an outfitted hunt. Even if non-consumptive users contribute to the Game and Fish budget, "the lion's share is still going to come from the non-resident," Betts said.
Like non-consumptive users, non-resident hunters also don't have a direct line to the commission, Betts said.
"The Wyoming outfitters are really the only voice for the non-resident hunter – the only organized and sophisticated voice," he said. "You have to have a commercial group speak for the major license (revenue) source. You have to have a trade organization to speak for that group."
There's no proven way to capture revenue from non-consumptive wildlife users, no method like taxing camera or binocular sales, Betts said. Should such a system be developed, or should general fund money increase as a proportion of the Game and Fish budget, that could worry hunters.
"The issue has always been (that) when you lose your hunter base for funding, it no longer becomes a hunter-based philosophy," guiding wildlife management, he said. There could be "some sort of a non-hunter incursion into Game and Fish management."
Wyoming voter approval of a constitutional amendment in 2012 guaranteeing the right of residents to hunt, trap and fish reflects how they feel about preserving their hunting heritage. Meantime, non-residents may be at the limit of what they would pay for a Wyoming elk license, Betts said.
"We're going to be significantly overpriced versus other states," he said. "The only way to maintain your competitiveness is to maintain your quality."
That opens another Pandora's box, he said. "That circles back around (to) all the issues people have with Game and Fish — herd numbers, late cow seasons, and how they go after predators," Betts said.
If Wyoming finds a long-term funding solution, it may not satisfy everybody. Thagard and Molde's divergent views of state wildlife agencies suggests as much.
"What would happen if Wyoming Game and Fish went broke and went out of business," Molde said. "You'd still have wildlife all over Wyoming. They'd probably be doing just fine." State game agencies exist, "simply to provide for hunter opportunity," he said.
Thagard couldn't see that more clearly – in the opposite direction. From elk feedgrounds to sage grouse conservation to habitat projects, wildlife today needs help.
"They don't exist by themselves," he said of wildlife. "We're intervening to try and sustain it."
Click here to view a Game and Fish video about its funding history and challenges here:
In this article, backcountry hunters and anglers weigh in on why it is a bad idea to transfer federal lands to the states.
— Angus M. Thuermer Jr. is the natural resources reporter for WyoFile. He began working at the Jackson Hole News in 1978, and was editor of the Jackson Hole News and Jackson Hole News&Guide before joining WyoFile. Contact him at firstname.lastname@example.com or (307) 690-5586. Follow him @AngusThuermer.]]>
Cristina Eisenberg
308 pages, hardcover
Island Press, 2014.
The Predator Paradox: Ending the War with Wolves, Bears, Cougars, and Coyotes
John Shivik
208 pages, hardcover
Beacon Press, 2014.
If early settlers considered killing predators a matter of survival, the last century made it a profession. Even as the passenger pigeon became extinct in 1914, the federal government began to drive most predators toward the same fate. The 1931 Animal Damage Control Act codified the slaughter of dozens of species to protect agriculture, and mammalian predators fared the worst. It's a war that continues today: In each of the last five years alone, the federal government has dispatched an average of 80,092 wolves, cougars, bears and coyotes.
But since 1914, we have also come to realize that apex predators are essential to land health. In their absence, food webs are collapsing worldwide at astounding rates. And where predators have recovered, ecosystems have, too. For example, in some places where wolves have returned to their former haunts, elk no longer overbrowse the riverbanks, and the keener-eyed, more fleet-footed survivors are producing stronger herds. Aspen and willows regrow, creating shade for trout, food for beavers and homes for songbirds. In an era of changing climate and decreasing biodiversity, such "trophic cascades" contribute to more resilient, intact relationships between plants and animals — and people.
Biologist Cristina Eisenberg became fascinated watching these relationships develop on her land in northern Montana. Her doctoral research at Oregon State University and her 2011 book The Wolf's Tooth made her a leading spokeswoman for the ecological roles of carnivores. Now, in The Carnivore Way, Eisenberg gathers her most compelling stories and the latest science from the Mexico to Alaska to help human beings learn how to coexist with the key carnivores in the Greater Rocky Mountains — the wolf, cougar, grizzly bear, lynx, wolverine and jaguar.
Eisenberg's book finds an ideal complement in a new title by U.S. Department of Agriculture and university biologist John Shivik. The Predator Paradox provides an inside look at Utah State University's Millville Predator Research Facility and its innovations in nonlethal management. A masterful storyteller and bold critic, Shivik provides realistic, hands-on solutions to help us share the landscape effectively.
Whether wandering along a ranch or across an ecosystem, a predator's path through any landscape is fraught with challenges. Consider that a cougar, after successfully travelling thousands of miles, may fail to cross the best-intentioned wildlife overpass because of the peculiar feline preference for underpasses. But the growing collision threats to predators (and people) are just one reason why it is essential for infrastructure to reflect the movement patterns of wildlife. And even without physical barriers, wildlife policies can also create obstacles. For a grizzly, a single step from British Columbia into Washington could mean the difference between being a protected species or becoming a trophy in someone's living room. For Eisenberg, these examples suggest the need for functional wildlife corridors and effective transboundary collaboration on a continental scale.
If Eisenberg wants to help us understand how predators use habitat, Shivik wants to get us into their heads. He knows that even the most wily of sheep thieves can be idiosyncratic, impatient, gullible and distracted. The strychnine-laced carcasses and pitfall traps of early "wolfers" and bounty hunters made this clear, but Shivik offers preventative, nonlethal options. Killing the culprit may be temporarily effective, but the gap left behind often leads to more trouble, especially when younger, immature animals move in. Shivik's meticulous research into the timing, the senses and the habits of predators suggests that it is better to make livestock appear unappetizing from the start — like a filet mignon dropped into a blazing fire. Recounted with clarity and pragmatism, his stories will amuse and inspire: Who would have guessed that a wolf would be afraid of flagging? Or that coyotes could be hazed away with strobe lights and sirens? Or that a bear could be barked down by the hyperactive Karelian dogs once bred to hunt them?
Both Eisenberg and Shivik are also hunters — of elk — but they have learned to see predators as companions, not competition, in the making of healthier herds and habitat. And they know that the American West is still a place where, given the chance, predators can continue to surprise us. Above all, they believe in the possibility of coexistence. After all, it was only in 2012 that the 1,200-mile travels of an Oregon wolf inspired California to list the species as endangered and develop a federal/state coordination plan. If that wolf found enough wild habitat to usher him safely through the ranchlands of eastern Oregon — and become the first of his kind since 1924 to return to the most heavily populated state in the country — there is hope.]]>
The reaction of the state Division of Wildlife Conservation? A little more tepid. Director Doug Vincent-Lang sees any attempt by the feds to usurp Alaska's wildlife management authority as overreach, and this new rule — which maintains hunting rights on Alaska's 22 million acres of national preserves but bans certain controversial practices — is overreach at its worst: "unfounded and unjust," he told Alaska Dispatch News.
The proposed rule is currently up for public comments, and will likely be implemented next year. It prohibits the baiting of brown bears, the killing of wolves and coyotes when pups are in tow, and the use of artificial light to kill black bears in their dens. It also pre-emptively prohibits any other practice "with the intent or potential to alter or manipulate natural predator-prey dynamics." In other words, killing predators to boost ungulate populations will no longer be allowed in Alaska's national preserves.
To understand just how big this is, it helps to backtrack to 2002, when former Republican governor Frank Murkowski took office. One of Murkowski's first actions was to remove five of seven members of the Board of Game — the body responsible for most wildlife decisions — and replace them with new appointees more supportive of "intensive management:" reducing predator populations to bolster the moose and caribou that many Alaskans depend on for food. Almost overnight, the state went from non-lethal management to gunning down wolves from the air.
In the dozen years since, Alaska's predator control efforts have only intensified. In addition to allowing aerial shooting, the board eliminated a 122-square-mile buffer protecting wolves around Denali National Park; allowed the baiting of brown bears, illegal since statehood; extended the wolf and coyote hunting season to months when the animals have pups (and their pelts are worthless); and approved "spotlighting," or using artificial light to rouse hibernating black bears to shoot them as they emerge.
Many environmentalists dislike such practices, but they accept that Alaska has the right to do what it will on state land. Yet because Alaskan agencies manage wildlife on both state and federal land, the board also tried to implement such practices on Alaska's national preserves, where hunting is allowed.
The issue drove a wedge between state wildlife agencies and the National Park Service. The Board of Game says it's only adhering to a 1994 food security law; the Park Service maintains that manipulating the predator and prey dynamic is antithetical to their very existence: "We're managing parks not as a game farm that produces high numbers of prey species, but as an ecosystem where you see natural gains and losses in predator and prey populations," says spokesman John Quinley. "That's based on (federal) law."
Since 2001, the Park Service has asked the Board of Game roughly 60 times to exclude certain practices from national preserves, to no avail. So each year, the Park Service goes through the complex, costly process of individually overriding each of the state hunting regulations in each national preserve. Each year, public notices and meetings are held around the state. They've become so routine hardly anyone bothers to show up any more.
That's about to change. The new rule will not only replace temporary, inefficient bans with a permanent, statewide ban, it'll also enable the agency to opt out of any future hunting regulations that could inhibit natural diversity. "We don't know what (the state) is going to come up with in the future," says Stratton. "If they decide they want to allow brown bear baiting in some place where they don't have it now, this gives the Park Service a way to push back."
Yet though the proposed rule will help the Park Service maintain natural conditions on the land it manages, it won't help predators that inadvertently wander beyond the agency's invisible boundaries. In the past several years, the state has responded to feds' temporary bans by dropping an agreement to spare wolves radio-collared for scientific research. Last year, roughly half of the wolf population of Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve were shot from helicopters when they left park boundaries, including the entire Lost Creek pack, which had been studied by Park Service biologists for 20 years.
Editor's note: For more on the new rule, check out Former governor Tony Knowles on Alaska's predator policies.
Krista Langlois is an editorial fellow at High Country News. She tweets @KristaLanglois2.]]>
A study of successful hunters, published this August in the peer-reviewed online journal PLOS ONE, found that "only the presence of guides increased the odds of killing larger prey." Age, personal fitness and the use of camouflage apparel made little difference in taking down a trophy.
The study examined roughly 4,300 online photos of men from western Canadian outdoors forums and outfitter websites, using evident physical characteristics – such as graying hair and paunchy bellies – to determine relative age and fitness. The methods limited the information the researchers could collect, but also guarded against hunters' habits of exaggeration when it comes to talking up exploits.
"A photograph can't lie," says Rosie Child, an undergraduate student who coauthored the paper with her adviser, Chris Darimont, who studies conservation.
Though the study only addresses big-game trophy hunters, it does suggest that while humans have staked themselves atop the food chain as "super-predators," we're not using typical adaptations of other species, such as fitness, strength, or stealth, to successfully hunt prey. And while other animals may guard knowledge of bountiful hunting grounds as a specialized advantage among individuals, in the case of humans and paid guides, there's a strong (read: financial) incentive to share information with others. North American hunters "have overcome many of the physical, but not knowledge-based, challenges of hunting," according to the authors.
Perhaps the most surprising finding is the futility of camouflage – at least for big game. "Even though 80 percent of the hunters that we found were wearing camouflage clothing, they weren't any more likely to be posing with a trophy animal than those without camouflage clothing," Child says. "It didn't make a difference, and being physically fit didn't increase a hunter's chance of getting a trophy animal (either)."
Even though the study suggests that outfitter expertise is the best way to bag game, a quick look at guide numbers in Western states and at gear sales at key retailers suggests that many people don't quite realize this.
In Wyoming, the number of licensed hunting outfitters dipped to its lowest mark in 25 years in 2013 (332 compared with a high of 382 outfitters in 1991 and 1992), but that fluctuation isn't far from the average and may reflect post-recession impacts on trips for out-of-state hunters. Success rates for client deer hunters have hovered around 70 percent or greater, based on figures from the state Board of Outfitters and Professional Guides.
Montana has about 300 active hunting guides, many of whom are aging and "looking for an exit and retirement strategy," as overall hunting numbers decline, says Mac Minard, executive director of the Montana Outfitters and Guides Association. For those guides that remain, high-end, trophy hunting trips are the most in demand. "I think people have less time, and perhaps less skills and less interest, I suppose, and they're willing to spend more money for a high-quality experience," Minard says.
Meanwhile, rapidly expanding big-box outdoors retailers, including Cabela's, Bass Pro Shops and Sportsman's Warehouse, all heavily market camo – and its benefits – for trophy hunters and other big-game seekers. If the clothing isn't working in the field, it's certainly not affecting their sales. Nebraska-based Cabela's, known for its in-store mountains seeded with taxidermied wildlife, generates about $3 billion in annual revenue and operates 59 stores, with plans for steady growth of 13 to 15 new openings per year. Bass Pro Shops, headquartered in Missouri, is also aggressively expanding, building 20 new stores by 2015; an increase in locations by more than a third. The recent opening of a Cabela's megastore in north Denver was also credited with boosting local sales taxes and attracting other retailers to a new shopping area.
Cabela's even offers its own exclusive, temperature-activated ColorPhase camo clothing, which can morph from brown to green to help hunters stay cloaked on sunny or cloudy days, in spring or fall. That may look and sound cool, but it won't provide an edge for hunters, at least according to Child and Darimont. So sportsmen may want to hold off on buying that $80 insulated hoodie – and instead offer their guide an extra-fat tip.
Joshua Zaffos is a contributing editor at High Country News. Follow @jzaffos]]>
The transaction was set to happen this year. But last July, the Legislature rejected a fee increase for hunting and fishing licenses, which supply just over half of Game and Fish's funding. Without the 13 to 33 percent hike on deer and elk licenses, the agency was forced to slash its $71.5 million budget by 6.4 percent, on top of a nearly 3 percent cut last year. And the easement program, vital to protecting habitat connectivity and public access, lost nearly all of its funding.
There were plenty of other casualties, too: fish stocking, hatchery upgrades, hiring for 18 vacant jobs, and educational outreach efforts. Invasive weed treatments, prescribed burns and tree plantings have also slowed. As state employees spend more time chasing grant money, non-governmental groups are plugging holes in important programs. Reversing mule deer declines is a major priority for Wyoming Game and Fish, for example, but a hunting group called the Muley Fanatic Foundation had to donate $150,000 to save a new deer study after the state slashed its biological research budget by close to 30 percent.
Wyoming's problems reflect a national trend. For over 100 years, hunters and anglers have financed state wildlife agencies by buying licenses and tags. But hunting and fishing in the U.S. have declined since the mid-'80s. Despite a slight uptick in recent years, revenue hasn't kept pace with agencies' ever-expanding duties, from habitat restoration and rare and endangered species to managing wildlife diseases, energy development and expanding predator populations. "We're just at a place in history where the needs are greater," says Ron Regan, director of the Washington, D.C.-based Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. "Agencies are having a hard time funding the full breadth of the work that they do."
Some states have found new sources of money, but Wyoming, Montana and others are just beginning to grapple with the problem – and few are dodging shortfalls completely. Now, several states are considering asking taxpayers for more money, or encouraging wildlife-watching hikers and tourists to pitch in. That won't be easy, but failure may hamstring agencies during a crucial time for wildlife. "When we spend money on a (wildlife management area) and a dad or mom is able to take their son or daughter out there to hunt, fish or see a bald eagle for the first time, what's the value of that?" asks Wyoming Game and Fish Deputy Director John Kennedy. "It's priceless. That's our future … We're not selling widgets."
Since New York sold the first deer license for $1 in 1864, hunters and anglers have put billions into wildlife conservation. The 1937 Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act provides another major source of funding through a 10 or 11 percent federal excise tax on firearms and ammunition manufacturers, which is divided between states based on acreage and number of hunters. States provide an additional 25 percent in matching funds, mostly from hunting and fishing fees. Other federal measures later added similar taxes on fishing, boating and archery supplies. Depending on the year, these federal funds together provide approximately 6 to 40 percent of Western wildlife agency budgets, on top of the one-third to two-thirds covered by license and tag fees.
While that money helps agencies manage all species, those that are hunted or fished get the most. Hoping to broaden financial support for nongame critters, in 1990 the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies spearheaded an effort to create a quarter to 5 percent manufacturer excise tax on gear like tents, sleeping bags and mountain bikes, and participated in a similar push in 1996. But congressional members were reluctant to promote taxes, and the now-defunct Outdoor Recreation Coalition of America, then the U.S.'s largest outdoor industry association, opposed them too, arguing that wildlife agencies had little to do with the varieties of recreation that would have been taxed.
This time, the agency association is recruiting 20 leaders from the outdoor industry, conservation, agriculture and energy to meet three times over the next year to track down some serious financial support outside the hook-and-bullet crowd. That includes urging industries that impact wildlife habitat to pitch in more. Regan is optimistic, arguing that we know more about the value of wildlife, clean air and water and outdoor recreation than before. "If we could help people see that, then we could have a really powerful coalition."
State wildlife agencies are also casting for solutions. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks weathered an 8 percent drop in license revenue between 2009 and 2013, forcing it to close a lab studying a serious fish disease, downsize its truck fleet, and reduce shooting-range funding. An advisory group recommends a license fee increase for Montana residents, reducing discounts for seniors, veterans and others, and hiking prices more frequently than every 10 years. In the long term, the state may find ways to get non-hunters and anglers to pay, too.
Idaho Fish and Game, which hasn't increased license fees since 2005, may have to start cutting programs next year. It has, however, created a program to conserve nongame species through voluntary tax contributions and special wildlife license plates, which together provide about 1 percent of the agency's budget. Arizona and Colorado, meanwhile, send $10 million and $44 million of lottery money respectively to their wildlife and parks departments each year. But the latter was not enough to rescue Colorado Parks and Wildlife from $10 million in cuts this summer. Small sales taxes, though unlikely to be popular given the recent economic doldrums, seem closer to a solution. Missouri's voters decided to fund two thirds of its wildlife agency through an eighth of a percent sales tax in 1976. Arkansas did the same in the '90s.
Back in Wyoming, sportsmen contribute 70 to 80 percent of Game and Fish's budget through federal taxes, licenses and fees. But not only have license sales declined slightly since 2010, prices haven't budged in seven years. Fuel costs and employee health insurance keep rising, cutting into limited funds. Meanwhile, some 60 percent of the agency's budget goes to legally required programs, like reimbursing landowners for wildlife-caused damage and supplying forage for the elk feed grounds that spread the very diseases the department is fighting.
So in 2005, the Legislature began appropriating money for programs involving sensitive species like swift foxes, burrowing owls, freshwater mussels and pygmy rabbits, as well as those that address invasive species. The funds now cover 6 to 9 percent of Game and Fish's annual budget. Some conservationists worry about increased political meddling, but relying on fees also has its political downside: After all, the Legislature rejected price hikes last July, even though nearly every Wyoming hunting and fishing organization, plus the Wyoming Outdoor Council, Audubon, and some in the hospitality and energy industries supported them. "Nobody is opposed to taking care of Game and Fish, but sometimes throwing money at things isn't the right way," says state Rep. Allen Jaggi, R-Lyman, who voted against the increases.
Wyoming Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife, a controversial and influential sportsman's group with chapters throughout the West, likely helped scuttle the measure. It promotes expensive elk feed grounds, fights federal grizzly and wolf recovery programs, and is concerned that hunted species like mule deer aren't receiving enough attention from the agency. Executive Director Bob Wharff, who believes that "more money doesn't equate to healthy, robust wildlife populations," wants Game and Fish to do a cost-benefit analysis before sportsmen pay more, and argues that non-hunters should have to pay for the programs they want.
In response, nine major groups – including the National Wildlife Federation, Trout Unlimited and the Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, bow hunters, backcountry hunters and labor union members – formed the Wyoming Sportsmen's Alliance. "The Legislature didn't understand that we don't have our fish and wildlife by accident," says Catherine Thagard, the coordinator. Now the groups have a unified message: Wildlife is an investment, not an expense. Wildlife-related recreation brings Wyoming $1 billion each year, helping make recreation and tourism second only to oil and gas. "If Wyoming wildlife is worth watching," Wyoming Gov. Matt Mead told legislators in his February State of the State Address after meeting with the Alliance, "it is worth supporting."
The Legislature replied with a bill giving the game and fish commission the option to request state funds for employee health insurance and for grizzly bear management starting in 2017. But license fee increases failed for the second time, underscoring the need to diversify. "How long into the future are hunters and anglers going to be willing to foot most of the bill?" asks Game and Fish Deputy Director Kennedy. "We need to be looking at other sources of funding in addition to license revenue."
Gov. Mead is now promoting more general taxpayer funding, though conservation groups prefer a small sales tax, tourism tax, or an excise tax from Wyoming's vast energy industry. The agency is starting a public campaign this spring to explain its dilemma and seek money for wildlife conservation. "If we don't have these serious conversations about what wildlife funding looks like for the next 100 years," says Montana-based wildlife conservation consultant Ben Lamb, "we end up in a position where we lose species, and sportsmen lose big game opportunities."]]>
On Oct. 11, California became the first state to ban lead ammunition for hunting, expanding a partial lead-ammo restriction in the bird's range. But the controversial rules won't fully go into effect until July 2019. The ban comes as the Los Angeles Zoo treated 21 condors for lead poisoning in October, a record high. Meanwhile, Utah and Arizona are trying to get the lead out with voluntary incentive programs for hunters.
I've been a little anxious about taking this course. I feel like a misfit among my fellow students, who bounce in their seats with excitement as one instructor passes around an enormous elk antler and the heavy skull of a bighorn sheep. As a tree-hugging wildlife lover, I'm not sure I want to stalk and kill an animal - any animal.
So why am I here? Because I'm trying to be a good environmentalist: I want to live with as small a footprint as possible, and I think harvesting my own wild meat will help me to do that.
The way I see it, hunting brings you face to face with the reality of your consumption. You pull a trigger, an animal dies and you get its blood on your hands and arms when you gut and skin it. It seems violent and tragic, but death is an unavoidable part of life. Plus, all the other animals we eat die equally gruesome deaths, just out of our sight and experience. Here in the West, hunters of the abundant wild game have a much smaller impact on the landscape than those who buy beef fattened on corn in feedlots or imported from halfway around the globe.
As I sit in the first class, I consider the benefits of hunting. An active hunting community supports the efforts of state fish and wildlife agencies to manage habitat for healthy wildlife populations. Hunting also helps control overpopulated ungulates that thrive in residential and other developed areas where predators have been wiped out, such as the whitetail deer that ravage gardens and alfalfa fields along the Big Horn Mountains of northern Wyoming.
In addition, wild meat is often leaner, cleaner and-all around healthier than even the finest organically certified and grass-finished beef. And it comes with the knowledge that the animal you're consuming lived a free life in the wild rather than a stressed life in confinement. For many of us Westerners, wild meat is about as local as it gets; hunting requires no more fossil-fuel consumption than it takes to drive to the nearest piece of public land or hunter walk-in area. In addition, you're not abetting the destruction of landscapes such as rainforests in other countries to clear land for cattle ranches or soy plantations.
Wild meat is also cheap: If you butcher a deer, antelope or elk yourself, the cost is time -- long hours spent hunting, gutting, skinning, hanging, cutting, grinding and packaging. But you're in charge; you can control exactly how the meat is processed; you know how it's been handled. Most important, it takes effort and skill and persistence and determination to stalk a game animal, kill it in fair chase and tend the meat. You know exactly what went into every bite.
Although I'm not 100 percent convinced that I'm ready to hunt, I'm glad I have the chance to take this hunter education course offered by my state's Game and Fish Department. And I'm thrilled to live in a place surrounded by far-reaching public lands where I can hunt as well as camp and hike. So whether I end up pulling the trigger to kill a deer or antelope this fall or rely on my dad or brother to do it, I look forward to my family's tradition of sitting around the dining room table together in December, sharpening knives, cutting up venison and stacking those tidy white packages in the freezer.
And I look forward to the deer steaks to come, slathered in olive oil and chopped garlic, sizzling in the cast-iron skillet and making a delicious meal.
Emilene Ostlind is a contributor to Writers on the Range, a service of High Country News (hcn.org). She is a freelance writer based in Lander, Wyo.]]>
Plumbism is an especially hard way for an animal or person to die. The agent is lead. Symptoms include anemia, loss of memory, depression, convulsions, brain deterioration, impotence, stillbirth, miscarriage, paralysis, kidney damage and liver damage.
"When lead is ingested or inhaled, the body 'mistakes' it for calcium and beneficial metals, incorporating it into nerve cells and other vital tissues," explains Leslie, now with the Park Service's Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Directorate. Many people survive plumbism, albeit with diminished motor and mental function. Wild animals usually die.
On March 5, Elaine Leslie sent me this eloquent e-mail: "!" Attached was an intra-agency memo from the Park Service's equally heroic acting director, Dan Wenk, ordering a ban on lead bullets and fishing tackle "in NPS units where those activities are authorized." Leslie flings credit around like confetti, but her fingerprints are all over this bold, belated action.
Condors were in freefall to extinction until October 2007 when another bold, belated action by California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger banned lead bullets in the bird's known range. Hunters weren't much inconvenienced. Non-toxic copper bullets are more expensive but have better ballistics.
It's not just condors that are being poisoned; it's everything from eagles to hawks to bears to wolves to songbirds to people. The media paid scant attention to plumbism-by-bullet until 2008, when studies in Midwestern states turned up fragmented lead in venison donated to the poor by the "Sportsmen Against Hunger" program. And research by the North Dakota Department of Health and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that people who eat wild game killed by lead bullets tend to have elevated blood levels of lead.
I'm against poisoning the poor. But that's not the only problem I have with "Sportsmen Against Hunger," which was hatched by Safari Club International in an attempt to boost an image diminished by "canned hunts," during which members purchase caged animals -- some with names -- and then shoot them. I grew up in a culture in which, if you successfully hunted something, you ate it -- a dictum that was sternly enforced even on a friend who dispatched a skunk.
I have an even greater problem with the mantra from the Safari Club and the gun lobby that all evidence of plumbism-by-bullet has been fabricated as part of a plot to disarm America.
The NRA, which fought viciously against the California lead ban, attributes such reforms to the secret agenda of "environmental and anti-gun extremists." The U.S. Sportsmen's Alliance pooh-poohs the North Dakota and Centers for Disease Control studies with this non sequitur: "Hunters have been feeding their families with deer taken by lead bullets since firearms were invented."
Plumbism was first seen in ducks in 1874, but it wasn't until 1991, that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service got around to banning lead shot for waterfowl. When I was writing about the impending ban back in 1988, I got precisely the same response from the gun lobby I get now. NRA president James Reinke said that "anti-gunners, attacking lead shot under the guise of environmentalism, have succeeded in gaining a beachhead." Neal Knox of the Firearms Coalition called the '91 ban "the latest scalp in a well-organized, scarcely recognized series of flanking attacks upon the right to keep and bear arms." And Miles Brueckner of Migratory Waterfowl Hunters Inc. offered this explanation: "Someone's getting wealthy on steel shot."
I never understood why so many of my fellow hunters were fine with annually depleting their game supply by about 300,000 ducks and geese fatally poisoned by lead shot.
We've banned lead in paint, toys, gasoline and shotgun loads for waterfowl. Yet we persist in festooning the landscape with bullets made from this deadly neurotoxin. Elaine Leslie puts it this way: "It is 2009. We are better than this. Time for a change. Time to be accountable to future generations. Time to get the lead out!"
Ted Williams is a contributor to Writers on the Range, a service of High Country News (hcn.org). He is the conservation editor for Fly Rod & Reel Magazine.
I came to this conclusion recently. Over most of my life, I equated hunting with killing, even though I was raised in Montana, where it's normal to see antlers and hooves in pickup truck beds every fall. My family ate game meat every year, mostly courtesy of one of my aunts and her husband. Our freezer often had white-paper-wrapped packages of antelope, deer and elk.
How to describe my awakening? About four years ago, I hiked into one of Montana's western valleys below pine-covered mountains. Flurries of light snow fell from a low and cloudy sky. I followed a set of deer tracks, stepping slowly over brush, the rifle heavy and cold in my hands.
Other than the tracks and the occasional scat pile, I hadn't seen evidence of anything larger than a chipmunk, but with the snap of a twig, an antlered whitetail leapt from his bed 80 yards away and presented himself, broadside. I raised the rifle and had the spot behind his foreleg in my sights. I pulled the trigger. The gun kicked, and the deer crashed to the ground. Then he struggled to his feet and vanished downhill, into thick brush. Shaking with the violence, elated and terrified at once, I saw where a spray of blood in the snow marked the place of impact.
The animal wasn't hard to follow. He fell often and left a vivid blood trail. I found him a few minutes later and killed him, although he continued to breathe for long moments, his gasps throwing pink flecks of foam onto the snow and arrowroot leaves. I became inexplicably scared as I gripped his antlers and cut through his fur and hide, severing his jugular.
Since killing that handsome buck, I've killed 10 large game animals. Sometimes, when I'm hunting, I become overwhelmed by the way a forest or plain, broken by deep ravines, can seem empty. Then as if by magic, a huge mule deer or a troop of five does will appear like spirits out of a dream. Unless a bullet captures that dream, the phantoms vanish again, leaving only faint sets of tracks.
Now, the euphemisms surrounding hunting leave me cold. It seems wrong to whitewash the violence. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, when reporting the number of animals checked at game stations, refers to the "harvest." Others use the term "fair chase" to describe ethical hunting. It can make hunting seem like it's masquerading as a kind of agriculture, or an even-handed game.
Hunting does not involve players on a field. Hunters kill their prey. As an activity, it may present dangers and help to control wildlife populations, but there's nothing fair about it. "Fair" has other meanings, though, that better describe my experience. The word also means beautiful, and there is something beautiful about getting meat the hard way, rather than buying it shrink-wrapped at the grocery store.
By confronting the whole process, a hunter knows the animal that later becomes sustenance. My family, I know, has become acutely aware of the life that ended in order to feed us. The meat isn't just an ingredient. It is the remainder of a living thing. Its heart had been beating, and I stopped it.
This fall, I spotted my first kill, a whitetail doe, in a stand of pines on the southern flank of a mountain east of Missoula. She glanced at me and flicked her tail. I thought she would bolt, but she continued staring at me. A few moments later, the doe descended the slope, and I leaned against a tree to steady the gun. She picked her way into the crosshairs in my scope. I pulled the trigger, and she pitched forward into the pine needles.
I have to say my hands shook as I began to gut the deer. They always do, if only a little. Then I dragged her carcass over the dry ground for several exhausting miles to a road and waited, by then in the black night, while my partner walked to his vehicle and drove back for me. Finally, at home, I hoisted the animal, head down, to the rafters in my garage. After butchering the deer, I had just over 31 pounds of meat, wrapped and in the freezer. We'll enjoy some of that meat on New Year's Day.
Robert Struckman is a contributor to Writers on the Range, a service of High Country News (hcn.org). He writes in Missoula, Montana.]]>
If our lands are healthy, wild animals will proliferate. If the land is made uninhabitable by excessive development or natural resource exploitation, wild animals will be lost, no matter how pure our intentions.
That's why I've decided to run for a position on the board of directors of the National Rifle Association. How, you might ask, will being an NRA director help me preserve our hunting heritage? Simple. If I have a voice at the table, I have a shot at stopping the incredible damage the NRA is doing to the long-term prospects for hunting in this country.
Ever since the NRA convinced hunters that the organization protected their interests, it has taken money from hunters and funneled it into the coffers of politicians they could count on as dependable voters for gun rights. The problem, of course, is that many of the strongest gun rights advocates care nothing at all about the health of public lands or wild animals. The NRA's ability to take money from hunters and use it in ways that will ultimately ruin hunting constitutes one of the most dishonest public relations campaigns ever perpetrated on the American people.
Consider the support the NRA provided to disgraced former Rep. Richard Pombo, R-Calif., prior to his co-sponsorship of a bill permitting the sale of millions of acres of public land to mining companies. Consider also, NRA's support for politicians like Idaho Republican Sen. Larry Craig, who has made a career of opening up public lands for private exploitation. Craig remains a member of the NRA board of directors. We also shouldn't forget the NRA's aggressive and public support of the Bush administration's effort to remove federal protection for 58.5 million acres of Inventoried roadless areas, in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence that roads and traffic diminish wildlife populations and hunting opportunities. These examples, and others too numerous to mention, illustrate that the NRA has
been willing to sacrifice anything in its quest for Second Amendment votes -- including our hunting heritage.
I am a life member of the organization. I fully support its efforts to protect our right to bear arms, and I want the organization to be aggressive in its work. But the NRA in its present form is incapable of working simultaneously on behalf of hunters and gun rights. Pretending otherwise is a blatant, if well-camouflaged, lie.
In my opinion, the board of directors should:
*Demand that the organization divest itself of the bloated bureaucracy that's ostensibly devoted to the welfare of hunters and hunting. Create a new, entirely separate hunting-based organization that succeeds or falls on its own. We've had enough institutionalized deceit.
*Require honesty in NRA editorials and messages. The group's misleading and inflammatory writings have created paranoia and suspicion among gun owners. This shameless fear-mongering, coupled with intense fund raising, has pushed hundreds of thousands of reasonable people away from the NRA and outside the conversation we need to hold about responsible gun ownership. We need those thoughtful people back in.
*Stop the endless search for enemies of the NRA. Not everyone who disagrees with the NRA is the devil incarnate. Require the organization to work with politicians who care about the environment, wildlife and wild lands in addition to their support of our Second Amendment rights. The two are not mutually exclusive.
There's my platform. Am I electable? It's a fair question. I have been blasted in several NRA publications because I have publicly disagreed with its positions, its campaigns and its political relationships. But I'm not alone. Many other NRA members agree with me, and if my name and platform are placed before them, I think I have a reasonable chance. Even if I am not elected this time, the discussion will at least force an honest self-examination of the organization's way of doing business.
It might make the NRA leadership answer the question, 'Is the future of hunting an acceptable sacrifice on the altar of the Second Amendment?'
Pat Wray is a contributor to Writers on the Range, a service of High Country News (hcn.org). He is an avid gun owner, reloader and hunter. The author of A Chukar Hunter's Companion, he lives with his wife and three hunting dogs in Corvallis, Oregon.]]>


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I have been a raw vegan since 2003. It has helped me lose 90 pounds (from 215 to 125) and eased my kidney disorder. (post and pre-renal kidney failure).
I am a strange one, haha. Slightly morbid bohem environmentalist, and I love this planet. My goal in life is to give back to the earth more than I take from it. I want my children to have a clean safe place to play and grow in. I want my community to drink clean water and have an abundance of fresh unadultered food. I want to see tighter bonds between people in our communities.
And most of all, I want us human beings to think of ourselves as one connected group of "earthlings", instead of the millions of sub-divided groups that become more and more independant of each other. I'm all for self-expression, but I think one of the saddest things in the world is how we use our independance to compete and bring down those around us instead of working on our unions with one another.
Bla bla bla, I could go on all day.Maybe I will?
I am a dental student taking a year off to study astrophysics (what?!). I work part time at a daycare for my monies and I volunteer at a homeless shelter every saturday. My life's dream is to open a free dental clinic for the homeless so I can help give them a fresh start at life. Not only should human beings have the right to healthy teeth, gums, and even vision, etc…, you'd be surprised how hard it is to find a job in Sweden when you look the part of a bum. I would be found smiling on my deathbed if I could acheive this dream.
My reasons for being a raw vegan are as follows:
first and foremost, I have long since realised that while animal meat has certain properties in it that can be used as sustenance, it is NOT necessary. I am an intelligent human being who is fortunate enough to live in a richer country where I can afford the option of being a vegan as well as being healthy and eating a well-rounded organic plant-based diet. I choose to use my intelligence to create healthier guilt-free habits for myself. Meat is murder, no matter how one looks at it. I can't lie to myself and eat steak because it tastes good. My lunch isn't worth anything's death.
my next reason is to better the environment. Did you know that meat production is worse for our atmosphere than gas emissions from cars?
My final reason is for health. Health is beauty and life combined. I LOVE having a heightened sense of smell, not needing to gorge on coffee in the mornings for energy, or eating and eating and eating but never feeling full. I am in love with life and being a raw vegan has helped give me the clarity and strength I need to create a life that I am proud of. My health has given me peace of mind, and if I could give health away as a present, I would give what I experience everyday to everyone I meet. All I can do is set a good example and provide as much information as possible though- so I do! :)
Hmmmm, what else…I don't judge people who aren't vegan.I don't respond well to condescending holier-than-thou raw vegans.I do my best to learn more and more about the food I eat, where it comes from, the lives of the people producing it, etc. Because, it is important to me.
I am always learning, and I don't know EVERYTHING about being a raw vegan, but I do know a LOT. I am not anorexic or even all that thin, actually. I am not a fan of fasting or even juicing really. Blend it ALL up and enjoy the fiber!
I would say that instead of 80/10/10, I am 70/20/10, with 20 being fats. I eat between 1500-2500 calories a day so my weight is a normal 130 for my 5'8'' frame. I am trying to have children and I am careful to get mega-nutrients so I can avoid taking supplements (which I disagree with).
Other than being a raw vegan, I am also very interested in the arts, writing, music, film, theatre. I really try to pour myself 100% into everything I am interested in. I avoid being bored by filling my life with HEAPS of exciting activities. I have also been blessed with the very nicest and most caring group of friends, whose personalities are so varied that I gain vast amounts of knowledge from them.
If you, yeah… you the person reading this, want to talk to me more for tips, tricks, to share experiences, or go for a smoothie at some juice bar (I am in Göteborg, Sweden), feel free to add me on msn
I wish everyone nothing but joy on their raw path!!
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How to share web content between internal and external domains
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Thanks again
I appreciate the responses, but I guess I'm either not phrasing my question clearly or I'm not understanding the relevance of your responses. I know how to configure the host file and that works just fine.
When I create a website linked to the external IP address, ISPConfig creates the following folder structure to store the web content to be served:
I also want users connecting over the internal network to be able to view the content in that same folder, but the only way I've found in ISPConfig to do that is to create a second website linked to the internal IP address, which results in a second folder structure
In order to what I want, it's easy enough to go in with a text editor and manually change the server directory directive in the .vhost file for the second website to point to the folder
I've done that, and what I want to do seems to work just fine (although I haven't tested in very rigorously yet.) It just seemed like there should be some way to do the same thing using that nice ISPConfig interface.
Hopefully that makes my question a little clearer.
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Winner of the Newbery Medal! Kate DiCamillo introduces a hero for all time! Welcome to the story of Despereaux Tilling, a mouse who is in love with music, stories, and a princess named Pea. It is also the story of a rat called Roscuro, who lives in the darkness and covets a world filled with light. And it is the story of Miggery Sow, a slow-witted serving girl who harbors a simple, impossible wish. These three characters are about to embark on a journey that will… (more)
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Det Lille Hotel, Odense
Rooms: 12
Dronningensgade 5 - Odense - 5000 - Denmark 66 12 28 21
1 Traveller
Review - Det Lille Hotel
I would not go there again...Submitted by: Jaques in 27/08/08
- Age Group: 31 - 40
- From: Belgium
- Traveller type: Young & Single
The owners are a very friendly couple. However, for the amount of money they charge (600 DKK per a double room with toilet) they could easily improve the rooms: removing the old floor carpet, and buying some cheap IKEA furniture would be of great help. Until then, I do not think I will go to this hotel again...
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AS Roma insider: Joseph Tacopina
Age: 46 Chairman Since 2011
39 06 501911 http://www.asroma.it
Other Appointments
Management Efficency
The company has return on total asset (ROA) of (17.39) % which means that it has lost $17.39 on every $100 spent on asset. This is way below average.
The company has accumulated 130.79 M in total debt. AS Roma SPA has Current Ratio of 0.43 indicating that it has a negative working capital and may not be able to pay financial obligations in time and when they become due.
Entity SummaryA.S. Roma S.P.A. owns and operates a football club in Italy and internationally. AS Roma SPA [ASR] is traded on Milan Stock Exchange in Italy. It is located in Piazzale Dino Violo, Rome, RM and employs 27 people.
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AS Roma SPAItaly StockCurrency: EUR - EuroTraded on Milan Stock Exchange
Fix Your Portfolios with AS Roma
By capturing your risk tolerance and investment horizon Macroaxis technology of instant portfolio optimization will compute exactly how much risk is acceptable for your desired return expectations when you add AS Roma SPA to your portfolio
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"Your guys are just tremendous...personable...great work ethic...we loved having them here. You hire well...the mark of a successful leader. "
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Who are our Residential Clients?
Our residential clients take extreme pride in properly maintaining their trees & shrubs as a part of their home environment. They understand the many benefits of investing in the preservation and enhancement of the oldest, largest contributors to the quality of life in the urban, suburban, and rural landscape - trees! Our clients rely on us to use the latest technology combined with time-tested techniques. This provides the most effective approach to residential tree care available in Wisconsin.
With offices in both Southeast Wisconsin and Central Wisconsin, many of our clients who live in the Milwaukee area and own vacation/summer properties "up north" enjoy the simplicity of one tree care company maintaining both of their homes.
First Choice Tree Care, Inc. P.O. Box 310, Junction City, WI 54443 715-457-6836
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ispconfig3 multiserver
I installed ispconfig3 on one box, using the db on another in expert mode.
After a little trouble with faulty db permissions it went up.
When creating databases for clients, they are not created on the db-server. I tried to add the db-server as a server in the webb-ui, still no luck.
I feel like I am missing something very basic here.
Do I need to make a ispconfig install on the db-server too?
Have a nice day.
Please upadte all servers to the latest SVN version.
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A World War II veteran (Joaquin Phoenix of WALK THE LINE, GLADIATOR) arrives home from war unsettled and uncertain of his future - until he becomes the right-hand man to a charismatic intellectual known as The Master (OSCAR®-winner Philip Seymour Hoffman of CAPOTE, DOUBT) whose faith-based organization begins to catch on in America. Also starring Amy Adams (THE FIGHTER, DOUBT) and Laura Dern (BLUE VELVET, JURASSIC PARK FRANCHISE).
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Home » News » Public Safety
New gear protects Manchester police dogs facing dangerous situations
Manchester Police Officer Jacob Tyler, left, gives direction to his dog Bud, 6, with his new vest on, while he attacks Officer Scott Ardita, as nine K-9 police dogs receive new bullet-proof vests, in Manchester, on Tuesday. (Thomas Roy/Union Leader)
Vested Interest in K9s, a Taunton, Mass.-based group, recently presented body armor for the Manchester police dogs, plus a canine assigned to the Freedom Police Department, to the police members of the K-9 unit.
Officer Scott Ardita, who has worked on the unit for the past several years, noted that Manchester police dogs are on duty for much of the day, especially on night shifts where they will track suspected criminals, enter in situations too dangerous for a person and protect their handlers against attacks.
Before they hit the streets with the dogs, the police handlers go through 14 weeks of training, so the members of the city K-9 unit can protect the animals that often protect them.
"You develop a bond with your dog; it's something you can't put your finger on," Ardita said. "Your dog knows you, your dog knows your emotions, your dog knows if you're scared, your dog knows if you're angry."
The vests cost about $1,030 each, and will defend a dog against most bullet and knife attacks.
Four of the vests were purchased with a $5,000 contribution from Marcus and Summer Stern of Cambridge, Mass.
"We love dogs," Summer Stern said. "We love the opportunity to protect the canines as much as their human counterparts are protected. They're in battle, they're fighting, it doesn't seem fair for them not to have the same protection."
As Manchester canine officers led their four-legged companions on a demonstration of how the dogs were used, the Sterns noted that it was the first time they had seen the dogs they support in action.
"It's amazing," Summer said as German shepherds followed the voice commands of their police patrol handlers, responding immediately to voice command and reacting instinctively to scenarios simulating those they had been trained to confront.
The effort to provide protective gear to police dogs is spearheaded by Sandy Marcal of East Taunton, Mass., who said she got the idea while watching an Animal Planet program on K-9 patrols.
Vested Interest provided 66 of the vests to police departments around the country last year.
This year, 217 protective vests are being donated as the result of fundraising efforts through the Groupon.com Daily Deals website and a grant from a California pet insurance company.
"This is strictly to protect the four-legged canine heroes," Marcal said.
City Police Chief David Mara said the police dogs are a valuable part of the department.
Mara cited a case a couple of years ago when an elderly woman got lost in the woods and was found when a search dog led rescuers to her after she had been out all night. The police chief said that having a police dog who could pick up the woman's scent and find her saved the woman's life.
The role of the dogs is not limited to searching for people or contraband.
"If somebody is inside a building, instead of sending a police officer in there who could get hurt, we'll send the dog in and they'll come out," Mara said. "They help us a lot."
- Nashua police department adds 8 new members - 1
- Talk of 'wings on pigs' threats on police tests U.S. speech rights - 0
- Brentwood police look to increase coverage after officer's death in May - 4
- Londonderry schools placed on lockdown after soldier's unplanned visit to high school causes alarm - 43
- Police investigate report of shots fired - 0
- Manchester blaze that left dozens homeless was accidental - 0
- Milford woman injured in Bedford crash - 0
- Park on any side of the street in Manchester during Christmas week - 0
- NYC mayor wants protests on hold after police deaths - 0
Homeless man who saved woman from river: 'I don't consider myself a hero'READER COMMENTS: 9
- NHIAA Basketball: Memorial needs shootout to get by Bow - 0
- Man arrested after chase that led from Pelham to Lowell, Mass. - 0
- No shortage of post-holiday shoppers at local stores - 0
- West junior advising College Board on its entrance exams - 0
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- Sullivan in the top running for state's Assistant Principal of the Year - 0
- Derry making progress with efforts to honor POWS, MIAs - 0
- Lions Club blood drive draws on spirit of giving - 0
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NHIAA Basketball: Central rally stuns MemorialREADER COMMENTS: 0
'Interview' buzz spreads to NH
Murder suspect fit for trial?
Pipeline push gets a second wind


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Local News
Lodging tax revenues start to climb backJay Andersen-
Lodging tax revenues for the month of January have increased over December 2009 numbers for all reporting tourism associations.
Broadband application passed overJay Andersen-
Cook County's first round fiber optic stimulus grant application has not been selected for funding. The Broadband Initiative group received notice about a week ago.
In late winter the land warms, but the big lake ices upJay Andersen-
Why does the North Shore seem warmer this winter? Temperatures in February were some of the highest in the state. If that's the case, why is there so much ice out on Lake Superior?
Gypsy moth meetings on North Shore March 1 & 2-
City and non-profit collaborate to save energy-
Weekend News Wrap Feb. 27-
Each week the WTIP News Department provides a summary of the stories it has been following that week. Tune in to WTIP's North Shore Weekend Saturdays from 7:00 to 10:00 a.m.
Superintendent makes change to ISD166 to staff cutsJay Andersen-
Among the staff cuts originally listed as a part of budget balancing for Cook County Schools ISD166, was one that should not have been there.
In winter plants may be dormant, but their chemistry works overtimeJay Andersen-
We all know animals have various ways of dealing with winter. Some hibernate; some stay active under the snow. Much the same is true for seeds and plants.
Crews on Gunflint Trail clearing dead trees-
The U.S. Forest Service is asking motorists to watch for crews and equipment clearing trees along the Gunflint Trail and side roads near Seagull Lake.


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The House of Representatives, in some cases on a bipartisan basis, is generally getting at the issue of JPMorgan Chase's multi-billion dollar losses in today's Financial Services Committee hearing with CEO Jamie Dimon. Clearly, Dimon is miffed by even having to be present for this questioning, an emotion he mostly didn't have to show before [...]
House Doing Better Job at Dimon Hearing
|By: David Dayen Tuesday June 19, 2012 10:03 am
Congressional PR Campaign to Stay in Iraq Begins
|By: David Dayen Thursday June 2, 2011 2:06 pm
Here we go. The bipartisan PR campaign to extend our military presence in Iraq has begun at the legislative level. Military officials already were making loaded statements about how Iraq would have to inform them soon if they wanted the troops to stay. This never materialized, so I guess you could see this as Plan [...]
Who Are the FinReg Villains?
|By: David Dayen Friday June 18, 2010 1:51 pm
After the first week of the conference committee for Wall Street reform, I would call the verdict middling. Reformers have won some victories – all hedge funds and private equity firms will have to register with the SEC, credit rating agencies will be on the hook for standard liability for negligence, the Fed audit is [...]
New Dems, NY Reps Wage All-Out Assault on Derivatives Reform
|By: David Dayen Wednesday June 16, 2010 10:00 am
Derivatives won't officially come up in the Wall Street reform conference committee until next week. But we're already seeing a lot of behind-the-scenes work. Blanche Lincoln, that tireless slayer of Wall Street dragons, has already softened her Section 716 reform to spin-off the lucrative swaps trading desk. Not everyone is totally worried by these changes; [...]


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Russia and the United States have made "substantial progress" in negotiating a new nuclear arms disarmament deal, the US secretary of state has said.
Hillary Clinton said she expected the two sides to agree on a successor to an expired 1991 treaty "soon", following talks with Sergei Lavrov, Russia's foreign minister, in Moscow on Thursday.
"The results of the latest negotiation rounds lead us to believe we'll be reaching a final agreement soon," she said on the first of two days of meetings in the Russian capital.
Lavrov said that both countries were "at the finish line" in negotiations for a new nuclear arms control agreement.
The long-awaited replacement to the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (Start) - which expired on December 5 - is a pillar of the so-called reset in relations between the Cold War foes.
As Thursday's talks opened, Clinton said bilateral relations between Washington and Moscow had "moved in a very positive direction" since she met with Lavrov one year ago.
Barack Obama, the US president, and Dmitry Medvedev, his Russian counterpart, called for a quick signing at their Moscow summit in July, but negotiations stalled over issues of counting, verification and US plans for a missile defence system in Europe.
Neave Barker, Al Jazeera's correspondent in Moscow, said Russian concerns over the US missile defence plan could still throw treaty plans off course.
"Earlier on this afternoon the deputy foreign minister said the irresponsible deployment of missiles could affect whether the Start treaty goes ahead on schedule," he said.
The broad aim of the new treaty is to reduce the number of nuclear weapons to between 1,500 and 1,675, from the 2,200 currently allowed.
Iranian dispute
But despite thawing relations, Clinton urged Russia to delay the launch of Iran's first Russian-built nuclear reactor, which is expected to go online this summer.
Her comments came after Vladimir Putin, the Russian prime minister, made the announcement about the plant in the southern city of Bushehr on Thursday.
Russia has been helping Iran build the plant since the mid-90s, but its launch has been marred by a series of delays.
The issue is controversial, coming as Western powers attempt to pressure Iran to curb its nuclear programme, which they believe is aimed at developing atomic weapons.
Clinton said it would be "premature" to go forward with launching a nuclear power plant in Iran due to a lack of assurances from the Islamic state about its intentions.
"We are as committed as we have been to a diplomatic solution, but there must be a solution. Iran is not living up to its international obligations," she said.Russia is constructing or gearing up to construct nuclear reactors in a host of countries, including China, India and Bulgaria.
Broad agreements
Clinton arrived in Moscow on Thursday and was to be joined by George Mitchell, Obama's special envoy to the Middle East, for talks with diplomats from Russia, the EU and the UN.
They were to discuss the crisis in US-Israeli relations and stalled efforts to restart Middle East peace negotiations.
Clinton was meeting one-on-one with Lavrov, and the two were then to meet their UN and EU colleagues on Thursday night.
Together they form the so-called Quartet of Middle East peacemakers who are scheduled to hold formal talks on the peace process on Friday.
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Thomas Petersen
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Spotted around the media universe
PinView: If Facebook and Pinterest Had A Baby, It Would Look Like This - Posted April 19, 2012
Have you ever wished Facebook looked a bit more like Pinterest? Now it can thanks to a new Facebook app called PinView. To use PinView, you simply have to log into Facebook and authorize the app,... [TVSpy]


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The bill is intended to more narrowly define the term to allow for increased unionization.
(Published May 12, 2014)
A bill that changes the definition of "confidential employee" (Chapter 219) was signed by Gov. Dayton on May 9. It became effective the next day.
The bill, authored by Rep. Ryan Winkler (DFL-Golden Valley) and Sen. John Hoffman (DFL-Brooklyn Park), changes the definition from "has access to labor relations information …" to "is required to access and use labor relations information …"
Minnesota Statutes, section 179A.03 defines, among other terms, confidential employees. HF 2313/SF 2319 changes the confidential employee definition standard from an employee having "access" to labor relations data, to one who "is required to access and use" labor relations data.
Previously, for example, Information Technology and Human Resources staff would commonly have access to labor relations data in the course of their job duties and, therefore, would routinely meet the definition of confidential employee. With this change in the law, those positions may need to be re-examined to determine whether they meet the amended definition.
Proponents of the bill argue public employers have unnecessarily used this definition to keep public employees with any access to labor relations information from joining unions.
Public employers, including the League of Minnesota Cities, testified in committee that combining confidential and non-confidential employees in the same bargaining group may cause some difficult situations (such as confidential employees feeling pressured by non-confidential employees to provide management information). Public employers also said the definition change was unnecessary since employees with access to this information are currently allowed to unionize as confidential employees. Lastly, public employers noted the previous definition of confidential employee has been well-litigated in the Minnesota appellate courts, leading to a clear definition that labor and management have been working under for decades.
This law change will result in public-sector employers assessing whether currently defined confidential employees would remain classified as confidential. Once that determination is made, if a union does not agree with the determination, an administrative process is available for the union to challenge the classifications, but resolution does not always happen quickly. Some of these challenges can end up in court for years, which can lead to employer burdens such as staff time spent holding withheld dues in escrow until the classification issue is resolved.
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• Sarandon has also earned some co-stars in another upcoming project. Proving that no holiday is safe from a celeb-filled ensemble flick, casting is moving along on Mother's Day. Andie MacDowell (Groundhog Day) and real-life daughter Rainey Qualley have joined the cast of the indie drama about 12 mothers and their daughters. Sarandon and her real-life daughter Eva Amurri Martino, along with Christina Ricci are also in the film. [Deadline]
• Director John Sayles (Sunshine State) shared some new information on his blog today about his upcoming film, Go For Sisters. The cast includes Edward James Olmos, LisaGay Hamilton, Yolonda Ross, Hector Elizondo, and Isaiah Washington. The film tells the story of two women who grew up as close as sisters but lose touch and are reunited — as parole officer and parolee. [Indiewire]
• Ron Perlman will star in a vignette in the anthology film Tbilisi, My City, about the capital city of Georgia, directed by natives of the country. The Hellboy actor will play an American motorcyclist opposite Sarah Dumont, who has appeared on CSI and Melrose Place. [Deadline]
Read more:
Casting Net: Stephen Moyer joins 'Devil's Knot'. Plus new roles for Justin Long, Oscar Isaac
Casting Net: Cee Lo Green joins Adam Levine in 'Can A Song Save Your Life?' Plus: Shailene Woodley, Tommy Lee Jones
Casting Net: Will Arnett to play Batman…in Lego form. Plus: James Woods, Catherine Keener, James Marsden


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First Busey Announces 2012 Fourth Quarter Earnings And Full Year Results
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., Jan. 29, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) --
Message from our President & CEO
First Busey Corporation's (Nasdaq:BUSE) net income for the fourth quarter of 2012 was $4.9 million and net income available to common shareholders was $4.0 million, or $0.05 per fully-diluted common share. These results were consistent with the third quarter in all three measures as shown in the financial tables accompanying this release. In comparison, the Company reported net income of $5.7 million and net income available to common shareholders of $4.5 million, or $0.05 per fully-diluted common share, for the fourth quarter of 2011.Fourth quarter net income was influenced by impairments and exit costs relating to previously announced branch closures totaling approximately $1.8 million, as well as securities gains of $1.0 million and private equity fund gains of $0.7 million. In addition, we continued to experience temporary elevation in data processing and other costs of approximately $0.4 million related to the conversion of our core data processing system which was executed late in the third quarter. We believe that the majority of the conversion's impacts are now behind us, and we expect the focus moving forward to be on optimizing data and reporting capabilities working alongside our new service partner. Other unusual expenses for the quarter included staff-related restructuring costs of $0.6 million designed to address the changing needs of our organization beyond our retail network, as we refine our operating model for the future and seek to balance growth with efficiency. In addition, income tax expense increased this quarter by $0.2 million relative to the third quarter of 2012, in part due to the State of Illinois enterprise zone reform which eliminated certain tax exemptions for which we previously qualified. First Busey Corporation's net income for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $22.4 million and net income available to common shareholders was $18.7 million, or $0.22 per fully-diluted common share, as compared to net income of $29.9 million and net income available to common shareholders of $24.5 million, or $0.29 per fully-diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2011. As net interest income margins have compressed, non-interest income sources of revenue have increased, as discussed in greater detail in the Operating Performance section of this report. The changes in net income from year to year are a reflection in large part of the previously disclosed commitment to our commercial banking and wealth management businesses, which have increased certain costs. This commitment is the centerpiece of our long term strategy to build quality asset and fee growth based upon solid capital and a careful balance of risk and return.
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Why NYC Is the Best Place to Live to Pursue Theater
Actor Jeff Blumenkrantz, starring in "Murder for Two" at Second Stage Uptown, makes the case that New York City is the place to be if you want a career on the stage.
Why NYC Is the Best Place to Live to Pursue Theater
Actor Jeff Blumenkrantz, starring in "Murder for Two" at Second Stage Uptown, makes the case that New York City is the place to be if you want a career on the stage.
Campbell is making her Off-Broadway debut in the solo show "The Surrender," based on Toni Bentley's erotic memoir and playing through Feb. 2 at Theatre Row's Clurman Theatre.
'Heathers: The Musical," A Cult Classic Reimagined
The cast and creative team of "Heathers: The Musical" gathered today to chat about the show, and give a sneak peak of its musical numbers.
Jake Gyllenhaal Finds an Off-Broadway Family
In "If There Is I Haven't Found It Yet," Jake Gyllenhaal explores what he thinks is the most important thing: family.
Keeping Broadway's 'Wicked' Costumes Spellbinding
Backstage chats with wardrobe supervisor Alyce Gilbert about what it takes to maintain the show's costumes, her 37-year-long experience on Broadway, and advice for those who want to get backstage in a different capacity.
How Being a Casting Director Helped Me Direct 'Timmy the Great'
This has been a remarkable journey, which I hope is only the beginning as "Timmy The Great" has a wonderfully universal story. I am blessed with a wonderful cast, a wonderful show, and having a wonderful time.
James Wirt: From New York to 'Phoenix'
Co-star for Off-Broadway's newest production "Phoenix" James Wirt talks about working with Julia Stiles, the difficulties of the play, and the advice Denzel Washington gave him when he first arrived in New York.
Off-Broadway's James Chen Shares Why He Still Takes Class
I'm passionate about the lifelong process of learning your craft. Even considering I got an MFA from Yale, it's important to keep yourself sharp even if you have a job—because that job may not keep your tools sharp.
4 Tips From 'Nobody Loves You's' Lauren Molina on Having a Versatile Career
Lauren Molina who stars in "Nobody Loves You" at Second Stage chats about the differences between revivals and new work, crazy auditions, and taking off her clothes onstage.
Free Seminar: 'Casting Off-Broadway: A How-To Guide' Sept. 9 in NYC
The Off Broadway Alliance presents a free panel discussion about casting Sept. 9 at the Snapple Theater Center in New York, featuring CD Cindi Rush, casting associate Kaitlin Shaw, producer Rich Affannato, and director Thomas Caruso.


text: Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class XML_Parser in /home/sites/www.americanpoems.com/web/store/aom/includes/os.php on line 1188 Strict Standards: Declaration of XML_Parser::raiseError() should be compatible with PEAR::raiseError($message = NULL, $code = NULL, $mode = NULL, $options = NULL, $userinfo = NULL, $error_class = NULL, $skipmsg = false) in /home/sites/www.americanpoems.com/web/store/aom/includes/os.php on line 1604 Strict Standards: Declaration of XML_Unserializer::startHandler() should be compatible with XML_Parser::startHandler($xp, $elem, &$attribs) in /home/sites/www.americanpoems.com/web/store/aom/includes/os.php on line 3503 Strict Standards: Declaration of Cache_Lite_File::get() should be compatible with Cache_Lite::get($id, $group = 'default', $doNotTestCacheValidity = false) in /home/sites/www.americanpoems.com/web/store/aom/includes/cache.php on line 1020 American Poems: Books: The Deeper Journey: The Spirituality of Discovering Your True Self Home Apparel Appliances Books DVD Electronics Home & Garden Kindle eBooks Magazines Music Outdoor Living Software Tools & Hardware PC & Video Games Search All Products Apparel Appliances Arts & Crafts Automotive Baby Beauty Books Computers DVD Electronics Gourmet Food Grocery Health Home & Garden Industrial & Science Jewelry Kindle eBooks Kitchen Magazines Miscellaneous Mobile Apps MP3 Downloads Music Musical Instruments Office Products Outdoor Living Pet Supplies Photo & Camera Shoes Software Sporting Goods Tools & Hardware Toys VHS Video On Demand PC & Video Games Watches Wireless Wireless Accessories Advanced Search Sitemap View Cart Checkout Location: Home » Books » The Deeper Journey: The Spirituality of Discovering Your True Self The Deeper Journey: The Spirituality of Discovering Your True Self enlarge Other Views: Author:M. Robert Mulholland Jr. Brand:Brand: IVP Books Category:Book List Price: $16.00 Buy New: $9.08 as of 12/22/2014 03:06 EST details You Save: $6.92 (43%) In Stock New (33) Used (32) from $4.14 Seller:SuperBookDeals-- Sales Rank:286,502 Languages:English (Unknown), English (Original Language), English (Published) Media:Paperback Number Of Items:1 Pages:168 Shipping Weight (lbs):0.5 Dimensions (in):5.5 x 0.5 x 8.3 Publication Date:January 13, 2006 ISBN:0830832777 EAN:9780830832774 ASIN:0830832777 Availability:Usually ships in 1-2 business days Features: Used Book in Good Condition Also Available In: Kindle Edition - The Deeper Journey: The Spirituality of Discovering Your True Self Similar Items: Invitation to a Journey: A Road Map for Spiritual Formation Shaped by the Word: The Power of Scripture in Spiritual Formation Falling for God: Saying Yes to His Extravagant Proposal Sacred Companions: The Gift of Spiritual Friendship & Direction Devotional Classics: Revised Edition: Selected Readings for Individuals and Groups Editorial Reviews: SynopsisAs you journey deeper in the Christian pilgrimage, you come to realize that the Christian life is more than merely replicating particular spiritual disciplines or practices. You begin to understand that at the core of Christian faith is the transformation of your very identity. M. Robert Mulholland Jr. exposes the false selves that you may be tempted to hide behind and helps you to instead discover the true self that comes from being hidden with Christ in God. If the goal of the Christian journey is Christlikeness, then you must reckon with the unhealthy ways that you root your sense of being in things other than God. Along the way, you will discover a growing sense of intimacy and abandonment to God. Not only will you encounter the joy of discovering your own self, you will also find a greater love for others and compassion for the world. CERTAIN CONTENT THAT APPEARS ON THIS SITE COMES FROM AMAZON SERVICES LLC. THIS CONTENT IS PROVIDED 'AS IS' AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE OR REMOVAL AT ANY TIME. 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