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By Rick Hiebert. All Rights Reserved. Used by Permission
It takes some doing for Todd Bentley or a friend/supporter of his to leave me a bit gobsmacked by something they say.
Let's turn a last time to Todd Bentley's appearance on the History TV Canada program Miracles Decoded June 1, 2 and 4
A couple of soundbites contained in the Todd Bentley segment of that episode of Miracles Decoded are a bit unnerving, to say the least. I'll try to save the relevant clips on YouTube, but in case they disappear, I'll type them out.
Todd Bentley says something unnerving at 35:15 of the show.
He says this:
"I can't expect people just to accept that what I say and do is real. People need to have evidence and they need to have science. They need to have verification and we're good with that."
Frankly Todd, you don't act like it. I'll explain…
1. Thanks to the YouTube poster who saved and annotated this clip from the ABC Nightline profile of Todd Bentley during the Lakeland Revival.
Todd lies about praying for a little boy with Spina Bifida
Todd lies about whether he said onstage, and on God TV, that the boy was healed. Moreover, Todd tries to argue that he boy had faith for healing. He had nothing really to do with it if you're holding him accountable for it.
Shortly after the boy was healed, he still had spina Bifida according to his Mom.
If Todd is "good with" verification, why did he lave it for ABC News to do?
Did he explain what happened to the boy on the Lakeland stage? I'd bet dollars for doughnuts he didn't.
2. And then there is the noted World magazine article which noted that people that Todd Bentley's ministry proclaimed were healed died shortly after Lakeland of what they had been healed of.
If you're "good with" verification, why did World magazine do this and not you, Todd Bentley?
Accountability for what you do doesn't end once the person leaves your stage.
3. Todd Bentley addressed the question of whether he brought people back from the dead in a May 2010 video distributed by his mentor Rick Joyner.
Unfortunately the video is now behind a subscriber wall, but fortunately I quoted it at some length in this post.
Bentley appears to be quoting some kind of report about the 22 people who came back from the dead as of 2010–down from 31, I note at Lakeland.
We still don't know who did the report. No names so we can asked this or these doctor(s) directly.
Bentley, as far as I know, has never released this report. He has just quoted it once in this video. Allegedly.
I noted that the only thing the report's experts were willing to do was commit to possible resuscitations, not resurrections.
As I noted back then:
Todd Bentley is hoping that you don't listen carefully, as resuscitation doesn't mean resurrection.
A Princeton University online dictionary offers a very interesting definition for our purpose:
(n) resuscitation (the act of reviving a person and returning them to consciousness) "although he was apparently drowned, resuscitation was accomplished by artificial respiration"
I'll bet that these two doctors and their report, commissioned by Todd Bentley and his friends, will never see the light of day.
Doctors X and Y are playing it very safe. I'll bet dollars for doughnuts that they don't use the exact phrase "miraculous resuscitations". I'll bet it is "resuscitations".
It could refer to a miracle, but the doctors are playing it safe. "This person was apparently unconscious and is now conscious. We do not know why," is probably a layman's explanation of what they are trying to say.
And Todd Bentley takes it and runs with it, swaddling what the doctors were willing to say in "back from the dead" verbiage.
Todd Bentley says he is "good with" verification so that you will think that he is. He says it, must be true. But there is evidence he is not.
Release the doctor's report, Bentley. Unedited, with the names and contact information for the doctors
The second one is where Summer M. Cottam comments on her Mom's "healing" with a presumed assist by Todd Bentley.
At the 57:00 mark of the show, she says:
"I mean, it doesn't matter if it is true or not that she was healed by God. No matter what she was healed…however it came about. It can't be wrong or right."
Now, back in the days of the Apostles, healings–as part of signs and wonders–were intended to back up the preaching of the Gospel.
If we presume that this is a true healing, Summer has missed the central point of what has happened. And it is completely Todd bentley's fault. A glaring fault of how he does ministry.
Anyone presumably healed should absolutely walk away from that with several facts. Onlookers too.
1. Jesus (or "God") must get credit for what happens, especially if it is good. Summer should know that "God" is to be praised. She should know that it is credited to Him, and that it was Him who is responsible.
Bentley does not talk enough about Jesus in his meetings,if those who are blessed in this way can be unclear.
Jesus being presumably responsible for the healing should have been drilled into Summer`s head again and again and again. She could have tried to figure out what happened, as she does here, but she should be able to recite why and how this happened as shared and taught from the front, even if she disagrees with it.
2. A miracle should lead to the preaching of the Gospel. Jesus did something even better for you, and now that we have your grateful attention…
3. A healing being either "wrong or right" addresses what the will of God in this case. Summer should not be led to think of this big question, when Todd Bentley as a non-cessationist charismatic, should properly believe that a healing leads to the preaching of the Gospel.
But when you have a bit of a show on your hands, some things have to be cut for time. Unfortunately.


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Pastor Hall (1940)
Description: In this patriotic drama, the courage of a German pastor is presented as he makes a public stand against Nazi philosophies and actions. Unfortunately, the outspoken fellow is sent to a concentration camp where he is beaten and tortured. Still he manages to escape and give one final sermon to his congregation before he is gunned down. The story is based on an actual event.~ Sandra Brennan, All Movie Guide
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subset: commoncrawl


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In case you missed it after Black Friday and Cyber Monday, today is Giving Tuesday. Created just three years ago as a way to counteract the growing commercialism of the holidays, it's a great way to give back to the more than 10,000 non-profits (like us!) that are working to solve problems and enrich our lives.
Please join us—-here are 3 ways to give back:
1. Give Time
Many non-profits are understaffed and need volunteers to deliver vital services. But many others (like ours) are always looking for board members and can benefit from business or technical expertise in the legal, financial, or organizational development areas. Contact us for more information about getting involved.
2. Give Money
Non-profits depend on the many supporters who provide the resources for us to do our work. Any donation you make is an investment that pays huge dividends—instead of just a financial return, you'll know that you've played a part in making a better future. For us, that means building a vibrant literary center that will connect local and international audiences for literature in translation. And bringing poetry and translation to younger generations. Your gift today gets us closer to that goal.
3. Share Your Story or an Unselfie!
Why do YOU support the Center, or your other favorite non-profits?
Maybe you share our conviction that great literature changes lives.
Maybe you're passionate about the transformative potential of arts education.
Or you're a fan of literary events with international writers and translators.
Whatever your cause or your reason, tell us! You can post your comments on our Facebook page or Twitter (@CAtranslation), and share an "unselfie"—a photo with your favorite book in translation or a message about why you support the Center.
Happy Giving Tuesday!
Funding for arts education in California is among the lowest of all 50 states--despite the fact that having arts in schools keeps students engaged and learning. But many cities, including San Francisco, have come up with solutions to make sure that all students have access to arts activities. Because of what we have witnessed in Poetry Inside Out classrooms when kids are exposed to creative lessons, we strongly support the renewal of Proposition C on the November 4 ballot. Read on to learn more about what Prop C means for the city. If you're a San Francisco voter, we hope you'll join us!
In 2004 San Francisco voters approved the Public Education Enrichment Fund (PEEF) to provide funding to improve the quality of education for San Francisco's children. The Fund provides sports, libraries, arts, music, health services in schools, gives families access to preschool, and supports hundreds of local community organizations in every neighborhood in the city. On November 4th voters will be asked to renew this measure by voting yes on Proposition C. A Yes vote will guarantee funding for PEEF for the next 25 years – without any increase in taxes.
PEEF has impacted the lives of thousands of students and their families across the city:
Learn more about this important measure and vote Yes on C this Tuesday.
Next week, our very own Scott Esposito will host a conversation between Edouard Levé's translators Lorin Stein and Jan Steyn as part of the Two Voices event series.
Associate Editor Marthine Satris looked at the connections between Levé and experimental French writer Georges Perec—a member of the surrealist Oulipo movement in the 1970s—and has written a great piece over on the Two Lines Press blog.
Here are some of her thoughts of Levé's Autoportrait (one of the works they'll discuss Nov. 5):
If Perec turned the reader outwards, toward only observable facts, Levé brings us in. One reads on, eager to find out what the author will reveal next.
Written in French in 2005, Autoportrait seems in some ways of our current confessional moment, rather than against it or apart. The personal essay dominates forms of expression now, at least in American print media, and like the writers of The New York Times' "Modern Love" column or Lena Dunham's Hannah on Girls, Levé turns himself inside out for us. Less estranging than Perec's lists, which camouflage the writer in his surroundings, Levé nonetheless refuses to come to any conclusions about his life. He doesn't organize it for us, or pare it down to a narrative that shows how everything led him to his current, fated moment. His raw emotion lacks all self-pity, which fascinates the reader even more—it's like we, author and reader, are both studying the puzzle that is Levé. The Levé who writes, "Often I think I know nothing about myself," yet fearlessly, shamelessly expose his fears, weaknesses, and limitations. Like Perec, Levé includes both the mundane details of life and the more "important" ones, but instead of wars and commercials, Levé balances confession and observation—and yet the confessions do not differ in tone from the observations, as in this moving, matter-of-fact, funny confrontation with his suicidal tendencies, and his musing social awkwardness:
'In my periods of depression, I visualize a funeral after I kill myself, there are lots of friends there, lots of sadness and beauty, the event is so moving that it makes me want to live through it, so it makes me want to live. I don't know how to leave naturally.'"
Satris writes: I thought I'd get bored reading this stranger's look inwards. Yet I wasn't. I felt like I'd been trusted with his tremulous life, and recognized a common human experience in how he wrote it down.
You can read the post, and don't miss the event!
It's all happening Wednesday, November 5, at The Lab
2948 16th Street, San Francisco
7:00 pm
FREE (cash bar and copies of Levé's books for sale)
Over on the Two Lines Press blog, we've been spending a lot of time talking about our newest title, Baboon, by Danish author Naja Marie Aidt. We're incredibly excited about the book (set for official release October 14, but you can pre-order it now), and especially eager to share the news of Aidt's recent 6-city U.S. book tour.
Baboon was awarded the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 2008—very unusual for a set of short stories, and a testament to the power of the writing—and Denise Newman has made a masterful translation. In an interview with SFWeekly, Aidt talks about the translation process:
"I'm grateful that Denise wanted to involve me in the process," she said. "Over years we've worked to transform the stories into English in a way that felt natural and kept the tone. For example, in Scandinavian it's very common to have short sentences one after the other. But in English it looks weird. So we had to find a new rhythm for the stories."
For an example of how her style of short sentences propels you through the book, check out "A Car Trip".
LA Times book critic David Ulin calls the book "an explosive collection; strange things happen to the characters, leading to unlikely twists, through which the borders of reality blur."
In a whirlwind weeklong book tour, Aidt started out at the Brooklyn Book Festival on September 21, then hopped to Minneapolis, did two readings in the Bay Area, and finished in Seattle and Los Angeles.
On September 25, Aidt, Newman, and Esposito hosted a reading and conversation at The Booksmith in San Francisco. They talked about translating Naja's prose; the unique aspects of the working relationship between Naja and Denise; why this book resonated so much with Danish readers (and why it was unusual that it won such major and prestigious awards); the unified aesthetic represented in the stories; Aidt's influences as s short story writer; and more. We recorded the conversation, and you can listen to the full audio here.
If you would like to buy the book, you can order it for just $10. Or better yet, subscribe to Two Lines Press and have every title delivered to your door!
This week, September 14-20, is National Arts in Education Week. (We know we're coming in at the tail end—we've been busy putting the final touches on next week's author events for our new book, Baboon).
If you're like 9 out of 10 Americans, you believe—like we do—that the arts are vital to a well-rounded education (thanks to the California Alliance for Arts Education for that fact and several more interesting stats).
You probably also agree that most students don't receive anywhere near enough (or any) arts instruction. Poetry Inside Out is changing that by integrating world poetry and translation into literacy instruction. No other literacy program that we know of combines poetry and translation to teach skills and spark imagination. Or allows kids the freedom to come up with their own ideas, not just the "right" answer
Our process sparks an amazing transformation in kids, as they realize that they can learn, create, and effectively express their ideas. Students have told us things like:
"Being exposed to new things, new words, new languages, different ways of thinking opened my eyes to see the world. I never imagined I could translate a poem from Mandarin into English, make it make sense, be a good poem, find the meaning behind all the characters and words."
"In Poetry Inside Out I learned how to express my feelings and stand up for myself and it helps me write better."
You can come hear Poetry Inside Out students read their poetry at the Watershed Environmental Poetry Festival, Saturday September 27 at Civic Center Park in Berkeley.
Want to do something else to show your support for arts education? Here are 3 easy ways:
1. Sign up for the Music March Out campaign supporting music education
2. Join "Start the Arts Week" to support the arts in schools, sponsored by the National PTA and PTAs around the country. Follow or post to #StarttheArts and @NationalPTA on Twitter.
3. If you're a California taxpayer filing in October, you can make a donation to fund arts education through the Keep Arts in Schools Fund—just check the box on your return.
It's back to school season again—time for new books, school supplies, and a sense of anticipation about what the new year will bring. We thought we'd celebrate by sharing 10 sometimes-surprising facts about learning and the arts.
1. The arts improve student learning and engagement.
2. Students who study art are 4 times more likely to be recognized for academic achievement and 3 times more likely to be awarded for school attendance.
3. Arts and music education programs are mandatory in countries that rank consistently among the highest for math and science test scores, like Japan, Hungary, and the Netherlands.
4. The No Child Left Behind act clearly mandates the arts as a core academic subject.
5. Federal funding for the arts and humanities is $250 million a year, while the National Science Foundation is funded around the $5 billion mark.
6. Arts education encourages the kind of creative and critical thinking necessary for our 21st century world.
7. Sustained learning in music and theater correlates strongly with higher achievement in both math and reading.
8. Arts in the schools help close the achievement gap: high-poverty schools in Chicago that participated in an arts education initiative made huge strides in closing the achievement gap between high and low-income students.
9. In-school and out of school art studies and activities help keep high-risk students in school.
10. New brain research shows that not only does music improve skills in math and reading, but it promotes creativity, social development, personality adjustment, and self-worth.
And one bonus fact: The arts make kids happy! We know that the more creative outlets kids have, the happier they are.
Surprised? Got another fact to add? Let us know on our Facebook page!
As promised earlier this week, we're delighted to post the list of the 50+ books in translation recommended by the contributors to the NEA's recent "Art of Empathy" collection of essays. (Not ranked, just in alphabetical order by author name) And of course, each suggestion includes the translator's name.
Even for experienced readers of books in translation, there are gems to discover on this list.
A Fool's Life by Ryonosuke Akutagawa, translated from the Japanese by Will Peterson.
The Poetics of Space by Gaston Bachelard, translated from the French by Maria Jolas.
The Elegance of the Hedgehog by Muriel Barbery, translated from the French by Alison Anderson.
Chinese Letter by Svetislav Basara, translated from the Serbian by Ana Lucic.
I Never Dared Hope for You by Christian Bobin, translated from the French by Alison Anderson.
2666 by Roberto Bolaño, translated from the Spanish by Natasha Wimmer.
Labyrinths by Jorge Luis Borges, translated from the Spanish by Donald A. Yates and James E. Irby.
Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, translated from the English into Chinese by Yuan-ren Chao.
Anton Chekhov: A Life in Letters, translated from the Russian by Rosamund Bartlett and Anthony Phillips.
Claudine at School by Colette, translated from the French by Antonia White.
Hopscotch by Julio Cortázar, translated from the Spanish by Gregory Rabassa.
Inferno by Dante, translated from the Italian by Mary Jo Bang, John Ciardi, Jean Hollander, Robert Pinsky, Allen Mandelbaum, John D. Sinclair, or Charles S. Singleton.
Why Did You Leave the Horse Alone? by Mahmoud Darwish, translated from the Arabic by Jeffrey Sacks.
Chronicles of Hell by Michel de Ghelderode, translated from the French by George Hauger.
Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky, translated from the Russian by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky
Notes from Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky, translated from the Russian by Constance Garnett.
A Passenger from the West by Nabile Farès, translated from the French by Peter Thompson.
Montauk by Max Frisch, translated from the German by Robin Skelton.
Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel García Márquez, translated from the Spanish by Edith Grossman.
Desert Blood: The Juárez Murders by Alicia Gaspar de Alba, translated from the English into Spanish by Rosario Sanmiguel.
Dead Souls by Nikolai Gogol, translated from the Russian by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, Robert Maguire, or Donald Rayfield.
The Tin Drum by Gunter Grass, translated from the German by Breon Mitchell.
The Valley by Rolando Hinojosa, translated from the Spanish by the author.
The Odyssey by Homer, translated from the Ancient Greek by Charles Stein.
Too Loud a Solitude by Bohumil Hrabal, translated from the Czech by Michael Henry Heim.
"I, too, Sing America" by Langston Hughes, translated from the English into Spanish by Fernández de Castro.
Spring Essence: The Poetry of Ho Xuan Huong, translated from the Nom by John Balaban.
The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, translated from the Persian by Edward FitzGerald.
The Joke by Milan Kundera, translated from the Czech by Michael Henry Heim.
Nada by Carmen Laforet, translated from the Spanish by Edith Grossman.
Barabbas by Pär Lagerkvist, translated from the Swedish by Alan Blair.
Osip Mandelstam: Selected Poems, translated from the Russian by David McDuff.
Your Face Tomorrow by Javier Marías, translated from the Spanish by Margaret Jull Costa.
Winnie-the-Pooh by A.A. Milne, translated from English to Polish by Irena Tuwim.
Life, a User's Manual by Georges Perec, translated from the French by David Bellos.
State of Exile by Cristina Peri Rossi, translated from the Spanish by Marilyn Buck.
Eugene Onegin by Alexander Pushkin, translated from the Russian by James Falen.
"Archaic Torso of Apollo," by Rainer Maria Rilke, translated from the German by Stephen Mitchell.
Late into the Night: The Last Poems of Yannis Ritsos, translated from the Greek by Martin McKinsey.
The Tale of the 1002nd Night by Joseph Roth, translated from the German by Michael Hoffman.
Night by Vedrana Rudan, translated from the Croatian by Celia Hawkesworth.
If Not, Winter: Fragments of Sappho, translated from the Ancient Greek by Anne Carson.
The Book of Monelle by Marcel Schwob, translated from the French by Kit Schluter
Austerlitz by W.G. Sebald, translated from the German by Anthea Bell.
Maidenhair by Mikhail Shishkin, translated from the Russian by Marian Schwartz.
The Book of Blam by Aleksandar Ti?ma, translated from the Serbo-Croatian by Michael Henry Heim.
Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, translated from the Russian by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky.
Vain Art of the Fugue by Dumitru Tsepeneag, translated from the Romanian by Patrick Camiller.
The Art of Peace by Morihei Ueshiba, translated from the Japanese by John Stevens.
The Complete Poetry by César Vallejo, translated from the Spanish by Clayton Eshleman.
Dante's Ballad by Eduardo González Viaña, translated from the Spanish by Susan Giersbach-Rascón.
Happy Reading!
Our friends at the National Endowment for the Arts have done a tremendous amount to support literature in translation and individual translators. They are one of the largest funders of translation presses like Two Lines, Archipelago Books, Open Letter Books and others; and they award generous grants to translators—all to the tune of more than $8 million over the past 30 years.
The NEA also funds research into American's reading habits, and just recently released a collection of essays about translation. We admit it, we're biased (we owe some of Two Lines' growth and success to grants we've received from the NEA), but still think this is a great read for any fan of literature in translation.
"The Art of Empathy" includes almost 20 personal essays from translators, teachers, and publishers. Many of them beautifully illustrate how translation brings us together—despite our diverse array of language, cultures, and traditions—and helps us understand each other.
Center for the Art of Translation founder and Italian translator Olivia Sears writes in her essay that "translation allows us to know each other better, and therefore feel more connected to one another, here at home" and across our increasingly diverse neighborhoods. Translator Johanna Warren poetically talks about her belief that "this connective quality of translation is essential to the spiritual evolution of our species."
Inspired? Read or download the report here.
Looking for a reading list? We'll post the more than 50 suggestions from the report later this week.
You can only think so much about movies and the World Cup, so we've put together a roundup of education and literature-related items for these midsummer days.
It's too early to think about school again, but it's a good day when a city announces more funding for the arts. New York City mayor Bill de Blasio has just pledged $23 million to boost arts instruction and hire more than 100 teachers, concentrating on underserved schools.
While California's arts funding can't compare to New York's or many other states, the Legislature just approved a budget that includes a $5 million increase to the California Arts Council budget.
And a strapped school district found a creative way to fund their recently eliminated music program and projects to save about $750,000 over the next five years.
Upgrade your beach reading with this article about how literature influenced the evolution of modern medicine.
Science fiction your thing? Ever wondered about diversity in the genre? NPR's Latino USA did a great segment on Diversity in Fantasy and Sci-Fi.
And it just wouldn't be summer without some mention of movies, but with a translation twist: A Freelance Career, Found in Translation.
photo by Niamh
Just in time for the celebration, we heard that three Poetry Inside Out student poets are finalists in the 19th annual international River of Words contest for environmental art and poetry by young people. The awards ceremony will be at Saint Mary's College on Sunday, June 15.
Besides getting an introduction to poetry from around the world and learning to translate poems, Poetry Inside Out students get the chance to use their imaginations and write original poetry. These lessons are so different from most of their school day that the program can make a huge difference in their lives.
Recently one of our teaching artists told us a story about one of her kids, "a boy who was constantly getting up out of his seat, dancing around the classroom, or talking loudly with the boy next to him about video games. When approached, he refused to attempt any sort of writing." It turns out that this boy's dad had recently gone to prison. Over the next few lessons the instructor noticed that he listened more closely than the other students. She saw that when he refused to do something, if she approached him quietly and said "I think you should do this", he did. He wrote poem after poem, many sad.
"It made me realize how writing could be an important emotional outlet for him, and how much he could benefit from my translating his 'no' into a 'please.'"
In the spirit of National Poetry Month, and to celebrate our amazing and gutsy student writers, here are a few of their poems:
I am not myself
I am like a shadow that sees me
when I speak
He stands tall when I move
When I talk he talks
but silently so I cannot hear him
He speaks up for me
just like I do for you
and we talk but he doesn't talk to me
All he does is watch
All I see is fear
All I can hear is my big heart pounding
like a big thunderstorm
He likes to steer, I like to ride
the fastest roller coaster
He likes to watch everywhere I go
Daybreak Mouse
That daybreak mouse
with hovering birds
tells me that I should
dance and sing
We are humans that
are alive on this earth
we stand here
and rejoice and sing


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Orcs, trolls, spies, and broken things. Intelligence agencies look to online video games as a "target-rich communication network" for terrorist.
Second Life is celebrated its 10th anniversary this year and a new video shows off the latest improvements to the virtual world society.
PC gaming is alive and well and PC Gamer has a list of some things that you won't likely be seeing on console.
Linden Lab, makers of the popular adult-oriented MMOG, Second Life, has undergone restructuring, resulting in a 30% reduction
© Copyright 2000 - 2014 Master Games International. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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text:
Sue Fleming, Education Faculty Advisor
Sue Fleming, Education Faculty Advisor
Goddard Videos
Sue Fleming, Education Faculty Advisor, speaks about the BA & MA in Education program at Goddard College. She was the Education Program Director from 2002-2013.
Goddard Videos
Watch More Goddard Videos
Published on Sept. 18, 2011 on WPTZ News Channel 5.
Stephan Ross, a 1959 graduate of Goddard College, returned to the school Sunday to receive an award and speak to students about his... more
Students & Alumni
Phyllis Katz de Mantalvo (BA RUP '67) called the Goddard Storyphone to tell us her memories of Goddard College in the late 1960s. "I remember the sheer beauty of it," she says, speaking of the... more
About Goddard
Goddard College's MFA in Interdisciplinary Arts program presents guest artist ... more
MFA in Interdisciplinary Arts
Danielle Abrams, Faculty, MFA in Interdisciplinary Arts Program. "I am delighted to be a returning faculty advisor to Goddard where I have taught, and learned, as a faculty member since 2005."
MFA in Interdisciplinary Arts
Danielle Abrams, Faculty, MFA in Interdisciplinary Arts. Residency Sites: Plainfield, VT.
MFA in Interdisciplinary Arts


text:
A process for forming an etch mask having a discontinuous regular pattern utilizes beads, each of which has a substantially unetchable core covered by a removable spacer coating. Beads which have a core and a spacer coating are dispensed as a hexagonally-packed monolayer onto a thermo-adhesive layer, which is on a target layer. The beads are kept in place by a bead confinement wall. Following a vibrational step which facilitates hexagonal packing of the beads, the resultant assembly is heated so that the beads adhere to the adhesive layer. Excess beads are then discarded. Spacer shell material is then removed from each of the beads, leaving core etch masks. The core-masked target layer is then plasma etched to form a column of target material directly beneath each core. The cores and any spacer material underneath the cores are removed. The resulting circular island of target material may be used as an etch mask during wet isotropic etching of an underlying layer. Such a combination of plasma etching using the bead cores as a primary mask and a wet etch using the islands formed by the plasma etch as a secondary mask may be used to form micropoint cathode emitter tips in an underlying conductive or semiconductive layer.
1. A temporary assembly utilized in the manufacture of an integrated circuit, said assembly comprising:
a substrate;
a silicon layer overlaying said substrate;
a target layer overlaying said substrate;
a plurality of beads overlaying said target layer, wherein each of said beads has both a core that will not substantially degrade in at least one plasma chemistry that will etch said target layer, and a shell which completely covers said core, said shell being at least partially removable without substantially eroding either the target layer or said core, each shell formed from at least one sublimable material removable by elevating the temperature of said assembly.
2. The temporary assembly of
3. The temporary assembly of
4. An assembly used in the manufacture of an integrated circuit, said assembly comprising:
a substrate;
a silicon layer overlaying said substrate;
a material layer overlaying said substrate;
a plurality of beads overlaying said material layer, at least one bead of said plurality of beads having a selectively etchable core regarding said material layer and a shell covering said core, said shell being at least selectively etchable regarding said material layer and said core, the shell of the at least one bead of said plurality of beads comprises at least one sublimable material removable by elevating the temperature of said assembly.
5. The assembly of
6. The assembly of
a thermo-adhesive layer both interposed between said material layer and said plurality of beads, said thermo-adhesive layer adhesively attached to said material layer and to at least a portion of said plurality of beads.
7. An assembly for the manufacture of an integrated circuit, said assembly comprising:
a substrate;
a silicon layer overlaying said substrate;
a layer overlaying at least a portion of said substrate;
a plurality of beads overlaying the at least a portion of said layer and at least a portion of said substrate, at least one bead of said plurality of beads having a selectively etchable core regarding said layer and a shell covering said core, said shell being at least selectively etchable regarding said layer and said core, the shell of the at least one bead of said plurality of beads comprises at least one sublimable material removable by elevating the temperature of said assembly.
8. The assembly of
9. The assembly of
a thermo-adhesive layer both interposed between the at least a portion of said layer and said plurality of beads, said thermo-adhesive layer adhesively attached to said material layer and to at least a portion of said plurality of beads.
This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/041,829, filed Mar. 12, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,051,149, issued Apr. 18, 2000.
This invention was made with government approval under Contract No. DABT 63-97-C-0001 awarded by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). The Government has certain rights in this invention.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to methods for forming etch masks on substrates which are too large to efficiently employ photolithography techniques. Such etch masks may be used to form such structures as micropoint cathode emitters for field emission flat panel video displays, spacers for liquid crystal displays, quantum dots, or other features which may be randomly distributed on a surface.
2. State of the Art
For considerably more than half a century, the cathode ray tube (CRT) has been the principal device for electronically displaying visual information. Although CRTs have been endowed during that period with remarkable display characteristics in the areas of color, brightness, contrast and resolution, they have remained relatively bulky and power hungry. The advent of portable computers has created intense demand for displays which are lightweight, compact, and power efficient. Although liquid crystal displays (LCD's) are now used almost universally for laptop computers, contrast is poor in comparison to CRTs, only a limited range of viewing angles is possible, and battery life is still measured in hours rather than days. Power consumption for computers having a color LCD is even greater, and thus, operational times are shorter still, unless a heavier battery pack is incorporated into those machines. In addition, color screens tend to be far more costly than CRTs of equal screen size.
As a result of the drawbacks of liquid crystal display technology, field emission display technology has been receiving increasing attention by the industry. Flat panel displays utilizing such technology employ a matrix-addressable array of cold, pointed, field emission cathodes in combination with a luminescent phosphor screen.
Somewhat analogous to a cathode ray tube, individual field emission structures are sometimes referred to as vacuum microelectronic triodes. Each triode has the following elements: a cathode (emitter tip), a grid (also referred to as the gate), and an anode (typically, the phosphor-coated element to which emitted electrons are directed). The cathode and grid elements are generally located on a baseplate, while the anode elements are located on a transparent screen, or faceplate. The baseplate and faceplate are spaced apart from one another. As the space between the baseplate and faceplate must be evacuated, a hermetic seal joins the peripheral edges of the baseplate to those of the faceplate.
Although the phenomenon of field emission was discovered in the 1950's, it has been within only the last ten years that extensive research and development have been directed at commercializing the technology. As of this date, low-power, high-resolution, high-contrast, monochrome flat panel displays with a diagonal measurement of about 15 centimeters have been manufactured using field emission cathode array technology. Although useful for such applications as viewfinder displays in video cameras, their small size makes them unsuited for use as computer display screens.
Several engineering obstacles must be overcome before large screen field emission video displays become commercially viable. One such problem relates to the formation of load-bearing spacers which are required to maintain physical separation of the baseplate and the phosphor coated faceplate in the presence of external atmospheric pressure. Another problem relates to masking the baseplate in order to form the emitter tips. When the baseplate is no larger than the semiconductor wafers typically used for integrated circuit manufacture, the process disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,259 to David Cathey, et al. works splendidly, as the mask particles can be formed from photoresist resin using a conventional photolithography process. However, when the baseplate is larger than those semiconductor wafers, conventional photolithographic techniques utilized in the integrated circuit manufacturing industry are much more difficult to apply. This disclosure is directed toward the problem of forming emitter tips on a large area baseplate.
Erie Knappenberger of Micron Display Technology, Inc. has proposed a new method for forming a mask pattern on a field emission display baseplate using beads or particles as the masking medium. As etch masks for a random pattern of similarly sized dots formed by dispensing glass or plastic beads suspended in a solution on an etchable surface are known to suffer from the problem of aggregation (i.e., multiple beads aggregating together on the surface), a nebulizer or atomizer is used to generate an aerosol containing particles. A monodispersed aerosol may be produced by utilizing a nebulizer or atomizer which produces droplets which are less than twice the size of the beads or particles within the mixture that is to be atomized. Alternatively, the mixture may be diluted so that the probability of two particles or beads being included within a single droplet is small. The aerosol thus created is then applied to a substrate, producing a uniform mono-layer of particles having substantially no aggregation. The particles may be used as a micropoint mask pattern which, when subjected to an etch step, forms field emitter tips for a field emission display or other micro-type structures. An alternative method for minimizing aggregation is to use two types of particles, one of which functions as a masking particle, the other which functions as a spacer particle. Thus, even if aggregation of particles is intentionally generated, the spacer particles may be removed by various techniques such as a chemical dissolution or evaporation, thereby minimizing aggregation of the masking particles themselves.
Another masking technique taught by U.S. Pat. No. 5,676,853 to James J. Alwan, utilizes a mixture of mask particles and spacer particles. The spacer particles space the mask particles apart from one another, and the ratio of spacer particle size to mask particle size and the ratio of spacer particle quantity to mask particle quantity control the distance between mask particles and the uniformity of distribution of mask particles.
An additional masking technique taught by U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,156 to Yang Zhao utilizes latex spheres which are deposited in a mono-layer on a surface, shrunk to reduce their diameters, and subsequently covered with an aluminum layer. When the reduced-diameter spheres are dissolved, apertures are formed in the aluminum layer, and the apertures are subsequently utilized to etch an underlying layer.
Still another masking technique is taught by U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,238 to Nalin Kumar. This technique relies on physical vapor deposition to place randomly distributed metal nuclei on a surface. The nuclei form a discontinuous etch mask on the surface of a layer to be etched.
Even under the best of circumstances, the use of the foregoing masking techniques will produce totally random patterns.
A more regular mosaic pattern may be produced by the process disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,695 to Harry W. Deckman. Using this process, a mono-layer film of spherical colloidal particles is deposited on a surface to be etched. A spinning step which applies centripetal force to the particles is employed to improve packing density. The packed mono-layer is then ion etched to produce tapered columnar features. The tapering of the features results from continuing degradation of the colloidal particles during the ion etch step.
A masking technique similar to that patented by Deckman is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,220,725; 5,245,248 and 5,660,570 to Chung Chan, et al. This technique is disclosed in the context of fabricating an interconnection device having atomically sharp projections which can function as field emitters at voltages compatible with conventional integrated circuit structures. The projections are formed by creating a mono-layer of latex microspheres on a surface to be etched by spraying or pouring a colloidal suspension of the microspheres on the surface and, then, subjecting the mono-layer covered surface to either a wet etch or a reactive-ion etch.
What is needed is a simplified process for forming more regular mask patterns having no masking defects caused by two or more masking particles being too close to one another. The desired process should be capable of producing mask patterns which suffer little or no degradation during plasma etches. In addition, the process should be capable of forming masks which are usable for both reactive-ion etches and wet etches.
The heretofore expressed needs are fulfilled by a new process for forming a mask pattern. Beads, each of which has a substantially unetchable core covered by a removable spacer coating are used to form a discontinuous, regular hexagonal mask pattern. Each of the beads is preferably both spherical and of a particular size, as is each of the cores. For a preferred embodiment of the process, a reactive-ion-etchable material layer (hereinafter �the target layer�) is coated with a thin thermo-adhesive layer. A bead confinement wall, or frame, is then secured to the peripheral edges of the target layer using one of several available techniques. For example, the confinement wall may be bonded to the thermo-adhesive layer, or it may be secured to the target layer with spring clips. In the former case, the confinement wall may be heated so that when it is placed on the thermo-adhesive layer, it bonds thereto. Beads are then dispensed onto the thermo-adhesive layer, in a quantity at least sufficient to form a hexagonally-packed mono-layer on the adhesive layer within the boundaries of the confinement wall. The bead-covered substrate is then subjected to vibration of a frequency and amplitude that will cause a settling of the beads to their lowest energy level, a state where optimum packing is achieved with a hexagonal mono-layer bead pattern in contact with the thermo-adhesive layer.
Optimum hexagonal packing having been achieved, the resultant assembly is heated, causing the layer of beads directly in contact with the adhesive layer to adhere thereto. The beads which are not in contact with the adhesive layer do not adhere to it. The unadhered beads are then discarded. This is accomplished, most easily, by inverting the assembly. They may also be removed by washing them from the assembly, after which the assembly is dried.
Spacer shell material is then removed from each of the beads, leaving only the cores visible in a top plan view. At least two methods may be employed to remove the spacer shell material between the non-etchable bead cores. The bead-coated substrate may be subjected to a first reactive-ion etch which etches away all of the spacer material except that which is beneath the cores and which is in bonded contact with the adhesive layer overlaying the substrate. The first reactive-ion etch chemistry is preferably selected such that it selectively etches the spacer material, but does not significantly etch either the cores or the target layer. If the target layer is etched simultaneously with the spacer material, uneven etching of the target layer will occur, as the areas of the target layer between the beads will etch first. The regions of the target layer closest to the cores will be the last areas exposed to reactive ion bombardment. Alternatively, the spacer material on the beads may be sublimable at elevated temperatures. Thus, as the coating on the beads sublimates, each non-etchable bead core will settle until it is eventually in direct contact with the adhesive layer. The core-masked target layer is then subjected to a second reactive-ion etch, which etches the target layer and forms a column beneath each core. If the target layer is laminar and is etched clear through to an underlying layer, a circular island of target layer material remains beneath each core. The cores are then removed, as well as any remaining spacer material beneath them.
In the case where a laminar target layer is etched clear through to an underlying layer, the circular islands of target layer material that remain may be used as a secondary mask pattern during a wet isotropic etch of the underlying layer. Such a combination of a unidirectional reactive-ion etch using the bead cores as a primary mask and an omnidirectional wet etch using the islands formed by the plasma etch as a secondary mask may be used to form micropoint cathode emitter tips in an underlying conductive or semiconductive layer.
The following illustrative figures are not drawn to scale, and are meant to be merely representative of the disclosed process:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a spherical bead having a spherical core covered with a spacer shell;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of an in-process baseplate assembly, which includes a silicate glass plate, on which has been deposited a conductive layer, a silicon layer, a masking layer, and a thermo-adhesive layer;
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 2 following the affixing of a confinement wall to the periphery thereof;
FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative structure for affixing the confinement wall to the substrate structure of FIG. 2 using spring clips;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly structure of FIG. 3A following the dispensing of beads within the boundaries of the confinement wall;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 4 during a vibrational step which promotes a continuous, even hexagonal packing pattern of a mono-layer of beads on the surface of the thermo-adhesive layer;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of an ideal arrangement of hexagonally-packed beads;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 5 following an elevated temperature step which causes the lower layer of beads to adhere to the thermo-adhesive layer;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 7 following the discarding of unadhered beads;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 8 following removal of the confinement wall;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 9 following a first plasma etch step which removes all spacer material from the beads except that which is immediately beneath each core;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 10 following a second plasma etch step which anisotropically etches the masking layer to form a plurality of masking islands therefrom;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 11 following the removal of the cores, the spacer material which underlies each core, and remaining portions of the thermo-adhesive layer;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 12 following first isotropic etch which forms dull micropoint cathode emitter tips within the silicon layer;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 13 following removal of the masking islands; and
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional side view of the in-process baseplate assembly of FIG. 14 following a second isotropic etch which sharpens the existing dull micropoint cathode emitter tips.
Although the masking process of the present invention may be utilized for nearly any masking application where an ordered array of circular features is desired, it is especially useful for the masking of substrates or coated substrates which are so expansive that conventional photolithography exposure equipment will not easily accommodate them. As a concrete example of the utility of the invention, it will be disclosed in the context of a process for fabricating an array of emitter tips for the microcathodes of a baseplate assembly for a field emission display.
As a matter of clarification, a brief description of etch technology is in order. An etch that is isotropic is omnidirectional. That is, it etches in all directions at substantially the same rate. As a general rule, solution etches (usually called �wet etches�) are isotropic. For example, hydrofluoric acid solutions are commonly used to isotropically etch silicon. Although the term anisotropic literally means not isotropic, in the integrated circuit manufacturing industry, it has come to connote substantial unidirectionality. Thus, an etch that is anisotropic etches in substantially a single direction (e.g., straight down). Plasma etches typically have both isotropic and anisotropic components. Plasma etches are normally performed within an etch chamber. A conventional etch chamber generally has an upper electrode and a lower electrode to which the target is affixed. During a plasma etch, ions accelerated by an electric field applied between the two electrodes impact the target. Upon impact, the ions react with atoms on the target surface to form gaseous reaction products which are removed from the etch chamber. It is this acceleration of reactive ions within the electric field that imparts substantial unidirectionality to a plasma etch. The anisotropic component of a plasma etch can be optimized through the careful selection of equipment, etch chemistries, power settings and positioning of the article to be etched within the etch chamber. In the context of this disclosure, the term isotropic means omnidirectional; the term anisotropic means downwardly unidirectional.
The emitter tips will be formed from a silicon layer by, first, creating an array of masking islands on the surface of the silicon layer and, then, performing an isotropic etch to form an emitter tip beneath each masking island. Although the materials utilized in the various layers of the representative process are presently considered to be the preferred materials for the desired application, the inventor wishes to emphasize that the process may be used for the same application, or for other applications, using a different combination of etchable and nonetchable materials.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a spherical bead 100 is depicted in a cross-sectional view. The bead has a spherical core 101 covered with a spacer shell 102. The materials from which the core 101 and the shell 102 are formed are selected such that during a particular anisotropic plasma etch, the material comprising the shell 102 may be etched selectively with respect to the material comprising the core 101. In other words, during the plasma etch, the shell will etch, while the core will not. For example, the bead cores may be formed from glass, iron or many other plasma etch-resistant materials compatible with integrated circuit processing. The shell material, on the other hand, may be formed from polymers, glasses or many other materials which are compatible with integrated circuit processing, and which may be plasma etched selectively with respect to the core material. Alternatively, the shell 102 may be formed from a material that sublimates rapidly at elevated temperatures compatible with integrated circuit manufacture (i.e., those within a range of about 200-400� C.). Paradichlorobenzene and napthalene are two such common materials. The bead cores 101 are employed as elemental masking elements, while the shells 102 set or define the spacing between the bead cores 101. Spacing between elemental masking elements (i.e., the cores 101) may be adjusted by varying thickness of the shells 102. In the drawings appended to this disclosure, beads are depicted, for the sake of clarity, as though the cores 101 are opaque elements, while the shells 102 are depicted as though transparent. However, nothing should be inferred regarding the type of materials used from the adoption of this illustration convention.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a conductive layer 202 is deposited on a silicate glass plate 201. As conductive layer 202 must be fairly stable during subsequent elevated temperature steps, suicides of metals such as titanium, tungsten, cobalt, nickel, platinum, and paladium may be used. A silicon layer 203 (also referred to herein as �the cathodic layer�) is deposited over the conductive layer 202. A masking layer 204 is then deposited over the silicon layer 203. The masking layer 204 may be a nitrided material such as silicon nitride, titanium nitride, or titanium carbonitride, a silicide of a refractory metal such as titanium, platinum or tungsten, or an unreacted metal such as aluminum, titanium, or copper. The primary consideration during the selection of the material for masking layer 204 is that it be substantially unetchable during an anisotropic plasma etch of silicon layer 203. Finally, a thermo-adhesive layer 205 is deposited on the upper surface of masking layer 204. The thermo-adhesive layer 205 may be a wax or a polymer material which softens and becomes tacky when heated, and which preferably reversibly hardens when cooled. The wax may be, for example, an ester, a fatty acid, a long-chain alcohol, or a long-chain hydrocarbon. The polymer material may be, for example, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, or an epoxy resin. The silicate glass plate 201 with the additional layers deposited thereon shall now be referred to as the in-process baseplate assembly 206.
Referring now to FIG. 3A, a bead confinement wall 301A is attached to the periphery of the thermo-adhesive layer 205 of the in-process baseplate assembly 206. The wall 301A may be formed from nearly any rigid or semi-rigid material such as metal, glass, or high-temperature polymeric plastic. The wall 301A may be attached by heating it to a temperature in excess of that which will cause the thermo-adhesive layer 205 to soften and become tacky, placing it on the thermo-adhesive layer 205, and allowing the entire in-process baseplate/wall assembly 302 to cool. Alternatively, the wall 301A may be attached by placing it on the thermo-adhesive layer 205, heating the resulting in-process baseplate/wall assembly 302 to a temperature in excess of that which will cause the thermo-adhesive layer 205 to soften and become tacky, and allowing the entire assembly to cool.
FIG. 3B depicts an alternative method of affixing the confinement wall to the in-process baseplate assembly 206. A bead confinement wall 301B is clipped to the in-process baseplate assembly 206 with spring clips 303. For the sake of simplification, and because the method by which the bead confinement wall (301A or 301B) is attached to the in-process baseplate assembly 206 insignificantly affects the remainder of the process, the in-process baseplate/wall assembly of FIG. 3B and that of FIG. 3A shall both be referred to, hereinafter, as item number 302.
Referring now to FIG. 4, a quantity of beads 100, such as those depicted in FIG. 1, has been dispensed onto the in-process baseplate/wall assembly 302 of FIG. 3A or FIG. 3B. The quantity of the dispensed beads 100 is at least sufficient to create a hexagonally-packed mono-layer of beads 100 on the entire surface of the thermo-adhesive layer enclosed by the confinement wall 301A or 301B. Confinement wall 301A or 301B prevents the dispensed beads 100 from rolling off the edge of the in-process baseplate/wall assembly 302.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a vibration step is performed which promotes a continuous, even hexagonal packing pattern of mono-layer of beads 100 on the surface of the thermo-adhesive layer 205. Ideally, the vibrational movement will include a vertical component that is just barely sufficient to dislodge improperly-packed beads, but not those which are already properly packed in the bottom-most layer. FIG. 6 depicts an ideal arrangement of hexagonally-packed beads.
Referring now to FIG. 7, once a hexagonally-packed mono-layer 701 that is in contact with the thermo-adhesive layer 205 has been attained, the temperature of in-process baseplate/wall/bead assembly 702 is elevated, causing each of the beads in the lower bead layer 701 to adhere to the thermo-adhesive layer 205.
Referring now to FIG. 8, once the in-process baseplate/wall/bead assembly 702 has cooled, unadhered beads (i.e., those not in lower layer 701) are discarded. This is accomplished, most easily, by inverting the assembly. They may also be removed by washing them from the assembly 702, after which the assembly 702 is dried.
Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, the confinement wall 301A may be removed by applying heat to the upper edge 901 thereof, allowing the applied heat to transfer through the wall 301A until the thermo-adhesive is softened along the lower edge 902 of the wall 301A and the wall 301A can be released from the thermo-adhesive layer 205. Likewise, confinement wall 301B may be removed by releasing the spring clips 303.
Referring now to FIG. 10, a first anisotropic etch is used to remove all spacer material 102 from the beads 100 except that which is beneath each core 101. The first anisotropic etch chemistry is selected such that neither the cores 101 nor the masking layer 204 is etched by the first plasma etch.
Referring now to FIG. 11, a second anisotropic etch is used to etch the masking layer 204 and stop on the silicon layer 203, forming a circular mask island 1101 beneath each core 101. An alternative embodiment of the process combines the first and second anisotropic etches so that the spacer material 102 is etched from the beads 100 during the same step that etches the masking layer 204. In this case, the etch chemistry should be carefully selected to stop on the upper surface of silicon layer 203.
Referring now to FIG. 12, the remaining portions of the silicon layer 203, the cores 101 and spacer material of shell 102 beneath each core 101 have been removed by washing the entire baseplate assembly 206 in a solvent in which the thermo-adhesive layer 205 dissolves. For wax-based thermo-adhesives, an appropriate solvent selected from the ether, alkane, alcohol and haloalkane groups may be used. For polymer resins, a ketone such as acetone may be used.
Referring now to FIG. 13, an isotropic etch is used to form an array of dull micropoint cathode emitter tips 1301 from the silicon layer 203. If the isotropic etch were continued until the tips 1301 became sharp pointed, the mask islands 1101 might become detached from the tips 1301 and interfere with etch rate uniformity.
Referring now to FIG. 14, the circular mask islands 1101 are removed with an isotropic etch that is selective for the material from which the primary masking layer 204 was formed over the silicon layer 203.
Referring now to FIG. 15, the dull-pointed micropoint cathode emitter tips 1301 formed with the isotropic etch, the results of which are depicted in FIG. 13, are sharpened with a subsequent isotropic etch to form an array of sharpened micropoint cathode emitter tips 1501.
For those familiar with etching technology, it should be clear that a mask pattern formed by bead cores 101 adhered directly on the surface of the silicon layer 203 could not be used to form emitter tips, as an isotropic etch of such a structure would have resulted in a fairly constant material removal rate over the entire surface of silicon, as each core is supported (at least theoretically) by only a single point of silicon material having no area. If such a structure were isotropically etched, the cores would sink at a fairly constant rate as silicon material supporting each core was etched away. The sinking of the cores would eventually likely affect inter-core spacing. In any case, such non-differential removal rates would not produce a predictable pattern, much less an array of emitter tips. Thus, it is necessary to transfer the bead core pattern to an underlying laminar layer (i.e., masking layer 204). Each circular masking island 1101 formed from the masking layer 204 is in contact with the silicon layer 203 throughout its entire circumference. An isotropic etch of the silicon layer 203 will gradually undermine the silicon surrounding each masking island 1101 to form the pointed tip structures.
In this specification and in the appended claims, a layer which is etched using the bead cores 101 as masking elements during the etch may also be referred to as the target layer. Thus, for the previously disclosed process of forming emitter tips, the masking layer 204 is also the target layer. It is, however, conceivable that there may be a need for a final structure having a pattern such as the one which was etched into masking layer 204. Thus, for the appended claims, the target layer could be a masking layer, such as layer 204, to which the bead core pattern is transferred during a preliminary step, or it could be a layer from which a pattern of permanent structural elements such as columns or islands is anisotropically etched.
It should be evident that the heretofore described process is capable of forming an array of micropoint cathode emitter tips for a field emission display. Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the process may have many other applications for creating regularly-ordered mask patterns on surfaces which are so expansive that photolithography using a conventional stepper exposure apparatus is impractical.
Although only several variations of the basic process are described, it will be obvious to those having ordinary skill in the art that changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope and the spirit of the process and products manufactured using the process as hereinafter claimed.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Company Overview of FWD Media, Inc.
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Lynn Krominga *
MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO Lynn Krominga
|Sheli Z. Rosenberg
|330 Relationships
|Timothy P. Shriver
|118 Relationships
|Leonard S. Coleman
|99 Relationships
|Eduardo G. Mestre
|90 Relationships
|James Douglas Holladay
|84 Relationships
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Element Mohave 30L Backpack
Item # 229925
Stash Points: 4,895
What is this?This is the number of points you get in The Zumiez Stash for purchasing this item. Stash points are redeemable for exclusive rewards only available to Zumiez Stash members. To redeem your points check out the rewards catalog on thestash.zumiez.com.
Horizontal skateboard carry buckle straps let you bring your board plus a fleece lined sunglasses pocket to keep your shades safe.
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Ways To Help
Canine Companions for Independence relies solely on the generosity of private contributions from individuals; gifts from businesses, civic groups, and service clubs; grants from corporations and foundations; and ongoing fundraising activities such as special events and mailings. Canine Companions for Independence receives no federal government funding.
Wish List
Naming Opportunities
There are still several naming opportunities available at the Southeast region. What better way to immortalize a friend or loved one, or show your company's support, than by sponsoring a dorm room, dog kennel, or office in our administrative building! Call 407-522-3300 for more information.


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DATV Expands Viewing Area
DATV now seen in Dayton's nortern suburbs and more.
DATV is set to expand its programming reach into Dayton's northern suburbs on Time Warner Cable beginning on Tuesday, June 10th. DATV will be filling the void left by the closing of CAC which was previously operated by Time Warner in the northern viewing area.
"We're glad we have the opportunity to share the best of what Dayton has to offer and to educate those communities on the virtues of community media," said Steve Ross, DATV Executive Director. "The expansion of DATV's viewing footprint is only made possible through the efforts of the City of Dayton, DATV and Time Warner Cable.
The same programming that is currently enjoyed in the City of Dayton, Riverside and Butler Township on DATV will be shown in those areas.
DATV is currently seen on Time Warner Cable channel 5 in Dayton, Riverside and Butler Twp. In the northern suburbs it will be seen on either channel 5, 6, or 23 depending on what city you live in.
Some of the areas included are; Englewood, Vandalia, Huber Heights, Trotwood, Xenia, WPAFB and all of Clark County, For a complete list of cities and channels locations visit www.datv.org.
This will have no impact on Dayton Spiritual Television which will continue to be seen regionally on Time Warner Cable channel 992. Viewers can continue to enjoy programming from over 70 area churches on that channel.
DATV Channel Locations
Dayton Spiritual Television is seen regionally on Ch. 992 or 5.604


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Nevada Donor Network (NDN) saw its second consecutive record-breaking year in "all apsects" of organ donation, according to a recent statement. NDN received donations from 104 organ donors, 373 tissue donors and 632 cornea donors – totaling a 96% increase compared to 2011. "These significant increases are a testament to the heroism of our courageous donors and their families," said… [More…]
Organ Donation on the Rise in Nevada
McDonald's Kicks Off Annual Ronald McDonald House Charities "Give a Hand" Fundraiser
LAS VEGAS, NV – McDonald's announced the launch of its 12th annual "Give a Hand" fundraiser to support Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMHC). From May 1 through 10, community members can support the charity by visiting participating McDonald's restaurants and purchasing a paper hand valued at $1, $3 or $5. Paper hands purchased will also be… [More…]
'A Flair for Care' Fashion Show to Benefit Nathan Adelson Hospice
LAS VEGAS – Neiman Marcus will sponsor its prestigious "A Flair For Care" Fashion Show on Saturday, May 3 at Wynn Las Vegas with all proceeds benefiting the non-profit Nathan Adelson Hospice. The 14th annual event has raised more than $6 million over the years. Guests will be treated to an elegant lunch catered by Wynn… [More…]
"Homeless Youth in the Alley" Bowling Tournament Supports Homeless Youth May 31
Have fun and support homeless youth in Southern Nevada by gathering some friends to form a bowling team or bowling on your own. The Fifth Annual "Homeless Youth in the Alley" bowling tournament will be Saturday, May 31 at the Suncoast Bowling Center, located on 9090 Alta Drive. "Homeless Youth in the Alley" is a… [More…]


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Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration's Compliance Safety Accountability program
Overdrive Staff | May 01, 2012
The Arrow Truck Sales 2012 Back on the Road winner is named, the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners is required, a woman's rescuer is named Goodyear's Highway Hero, cargo theft increases and other ...
CSA Part 2: Maintaining your equipment
Todd Dills | May 01, 2011
Now more than ever, you're responsible for what you drive, including company trailers. Take control of maintenance with robust inspection procedures and self-education to avoid inspection hassles.
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Monday Odds and Ends
-Tribal DDB New York hired former AT&T exec Marisa Shockley as director of global engagement strategy and copywriter/Moxie alum Katie Degentesh as creative director on Ciba and Alcon.
-Former BBDO New York executive producer Clemens Brandt joined B-Reel's B-Reel Products division as EP in its New York office.
-R/GA and Brooklyn Academy of Music teamed up to launch the newly redesigned and expanded BAM.org. link
-The "Ticket Oak" returns in a new StubHub campaign from Duncan/Channon (above). link
-So, what do brands really think of agencies? link
-Venables Bell & Partners launched both a "Quiet Game" spot and now an app as part of its new campaign for client, 76.
-Director Jim Hosking, who's worked on the Emerald Nuts launch spots for Goodby among various other things, has signed to the roster of Hungry Man.
-Gotye has unveiled "Somebodies: A YouTube Orchestra," in which the Aussie artist remixes fan-made versions of his inescapable hit, "Somebody That I Used to Know." link


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This civilian aviation history museum is housed in an art deco building designed by Joseph Finger. The museum received congressional recognition for its importance to the nation in the preservation of civil aviation heritage. Open 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Tue.-Sat. and 1-5 p.m. Sun. 8325 Travelair St. On...
The museum exhibits items that highlight technological developments in the 20th century. Open 10 a.m.-3 p.m. Mon.-Fri. and 1-4 p.m. Sat. 3615 N. Richmond Road. www.20thcenturytech.com
On the Laguna Madre and surrounded by the huge Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, park facilities include lighted fishing piers, picnic areas, a playground, boat ramp, nature trail and RV sites with hookups. Take F.M. 106 east 3.1 miles to F.M. 2925; north 14.8 miles to the park entrance.
See the re-created 1943 office Dow used to design the city of Lake Jackson's buildings and streets. The building also housed the first post office, city hall and barbershop. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Admission by donation. Open 1-4 p.m. the first and third Sat. of...
The 33.334 meter track is banked nine to 33 degrees. Bicyclists may ride 6-8:30 p.m. Tue. and Thu. 19008 Saums Road. In Cullen Park. www.houstoncycling.org
This park on Buffalo Bayou is where the Allen brothers arrived in 1836 to promote a new real estate venture: Houston. Several restored 19th-century buildings are now devoted to dining and entertainment. Bounded by Travis, Milam, Congress and Preston streets.
Housed in the former post office building. Includes gift shop. Free for children 12 and younger. Call for information about group tours. Open 11 a.m.-3 p.m. Thu.-Fri. and first Sat. of the month. Admission charge. 300 W. Sealy.
Offers country and gospel music on Saturday nights. Eighth and West Sealy streets. www.alvinopry.com
This is one of the oldest frame houses still standing in Texas. Underwood, who came from Massachusetts to East Columbia in 1834, operated two large cotton plantations in Brazoria County. Intersection of Main and Austin Streets. www.ammonunderwood.com
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"Good to see you back on the site!"
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can hit at Cabin John 11/4/2011 between 10 am - 2 pm Email if interested
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December 01, 2014
Bought two of these (2 for 1) for my son for the dark nights walking home from school. double as drum sticks when he's not wearing them
November 01, 2014
Value for money
September 30, 2014
Very handy
September 23, 2014
This is the first one i have seen that is pink instead of yellow.
September 04, 2014
Great to have choice of colours and ideal for kids to wear for walking to the after school club. easy to put on even for little ones.
This does not affect your statutory rights
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A federal judge has declared a mistrial in the corruption trial of State Sen. Malcolm Smith (D-Hollis) and co-defendant Vincent Tabone, a former official with the Queens County Republican Party.
A spokesman for U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara said former Republican City Councilmember Dan Halloran of Whitestone will continue with the present jury.
His trial will resume on June 25.
At issue were thousands of recorded conversations between a cooperating government witness in the case had his rabbi which were picked up on FBI surveillance equipment.
The recordings had not been turned over to defense lawyers in the pretrial stages of the case.
Many of the conversations are in Yiddish, and it is believed that the trial would extend well into July to take the necessary time to translate the conversations and allow defense attorneys to examine them.
Judge Kenneth Karas polled members of the 12-person jury and found that one could not continue to serve if the trial was delayed long enough to allow the defense to review the transcripts.
Smith is accused of trying to bribe Republican officials in the city's five counties in order to secure a spot on the GOP's mayoral ballot last year.
Halloran is accused of taking tens of thousands of dollars to act as a middle man between Smith and Republican leaders. Tabone is accused of taking money to help Smith secure the prerequisite party permission for him to run as a Republican.


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Grecian romance
By Samantha Daniels | Photography by Catch Light Studio
Posted: Wednesday, Jun. 27, 2012
It was a beautiful August day when Kiki Kabouris and Harry Tournas arrived in the small Greek mountain village of Georgitsi. The village, home to Harrys Greek ancestors, has a mountaintop where Harrys grandfather had taken him as a little boy and a place that would now hold a new memory. Kiki took in the breathtaking views and snapped pictures. She turned around to find Harry down on one knee. Surprised and excited, she said yes. In true Greek fashion, the couple celebrated the night surrounded by family. I was shocked at the whole thing, says Kiki. It was amazing!
Kiki and Harry, both with Greek family roots, met by coincidence at a Greek restaurant in Harrys home state of Connecticut. It was only natural for their wedding to have a Grecian feel. I wanted it to be light and airy with a lot of gold, says Kiki.
When it came time to pick the gown, Kiki got help from none other than Kleinfeld Bridal in New York City and TLCs hit show, Say Yes to the Dress! Her sister signed Kiki up, as she had actually never heard of the show. The day of her Kleinfeld visit became a family affair. They all came up from her hometown, Charlotte. Choosing the dress turned out to be pretty easy since she fell in love with the first one she tried on! Although she tried on others, she couldnt forget the first and said yes to the strapless gown by Kenneth Pool.
On Oct. 1, 2011, Kiki and Harry wed in Charlotte at Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church. Her bridesmaids looked like Greek goddesses in one-shoulder, sailor-blue dresses from New York Bride & Groom. It was Kiki, however, who took everyones breath away as she walked down the aisle. I remember looking through the door and there were so many people staring at me, says Kiki. The walk down the aisle with her father was an emotional experience. Harry remembers the moment too: Seeing her walking towards me was one of the most amazing feelings Ive ever experienced, he says.
Kiki says she still cries when she watches the wedding video. I loved that feeling.
The reception hall was decorated with navy, gold and Greek key designs provided by Classic Party Rentals and Connie Duglin Specialty Linen. The Grecian theme flowed throughout the room with olive trees and Greek statue floral arrangements for the centerpieces. Their guest sign-in book was a hand-painted olive tree. Photographer George Lainis from Catch Light Studio was there for every photo op. He even flew up to New York to take the bridal portraits in the city.
The celebration quickly turned into a nonstop dance party. At one point, I remembered looking at the clock and it was 2:30 a.m., says Kiki. I was thinking, Wow, I cant believe everyone is still here dancing! The band and DJ played until 3:30 a.m.!
The newlywed couple honeymooned in Hawaii and quickly began enjoying married life. Kikis dress fittings and the wedding can be seen in the new upcoming season of Say Yes to the Dress.Featured vendorsAttire
New York Bride & Groom
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www.classicpartyrentals.comConnie Duglin Specialty Linen & Chair Cover Rental
www.connieduglinlinen.comContinue reading real wedding stories! Up next: Something 'Carolina' blue
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Book your room at The Westin Dhaka
We are unable to search for rooms at this time. Please try again in a few minutes.
4.5-star hotel with 4 restaurants in Dhaka (Gulshan)
This hotel is located in Dhaka (Gulshan), close to Baridhara Central Mosque, Baridhara Park, and Nakhalpara Sapra Mosque. Area attractions also include Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban and Saat Masjid.
Hotel Features
In addition to 4 restaurants, The Westin Dhaka features an outdoor pool. Other amenities include a bar/lounge and a coffee shop/café.
Room Amenities
LCD televisions include satellite channels. Guestrooms also feature deep soaking bathtubs, wireless Internet access (surcharge), and air conditioning.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
At your hotel
At your hotel
In addition to an outdoor pool and a children's pool, The Westin Dhaka provides a health club and a sauna. Dining is available at one of the hotel's 4 restaurants and guests can grab coffee at the coffee shop/café. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with high-speed wireless Internet access (surcharge).
This 4.5-star property offers access to a business center, limo/town car service, and meeting rooms. Event facilities measure 5675 square feet (511 square meters). This Dhaka hotel also offers spa services, multilingual staff, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- 24-hour front desk
- Supervised childcare/activities (surcharge)
- Total number of rooms - 235
- ATM/banking
- Number of floors - 23
- Bar/lounge
- Business center
- Coffee shop or café
- Complimentary newspapers in lobby
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-out
- Hair salon
- Health club
- Beach/pool umbrellas
- Wireless Internet access - surcharge
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Meeting rooms
- Multilingual staff
- Luggage storage
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Number of restaurants - 4
- Conference space size (feet) - 5675
- Conference space size (meters) - 511
- Number of meeting rooms - 7
- Free self parking
- Sauna
- Shopping on site
- Spa services on site
- Children's pool
- Outdoor pool
Stay connected
Available in all rooms: Wireless Internet access (surcharge)
Available in some public areas: Wireless Internet access - surcharge
Park your car
Free self parking
In your room
- Climate control
- Air conditioning
- Complimentary newspaper
- Phone
- Coffee/tea maker
- Minibar (stocked, some free items)
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Bathrobes
- Complimentary toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Shower/tub combination
- Deep soaking bathtub
- Desk
- Iron/ironing board
- In-room safe
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Satellite TV service
- Wireless Internet access (surcharge)
- Room service (24 hours)
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Eat and drink
Prego - This restaurant specializes in Italian cuisine and serves lunch and dinner.
Seasonal Tastes - This restaurant specializes in Asian cuisine and serves dinner only.
Splash - This poolside restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves light fare only. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
The Living Room - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves light fare only.
Prego Bar - This bar specializes in international cuisine and serves light fare only.
24-hour room service is available.
An outdoor pool and a children's pool are on site. Other recreational amenities include a health club and a sauna.
- Massages
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- In-room accessibility
The fine print for The Westin Dhaka
How you can pay
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No pets or service animals allowed
- Fee for in-room high-speed Internet (wired): BDT 800 per 24-hour period (rates may vary)
We should mention
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.


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Acronyms that contain the term Coruscation
What does Coruscation mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: Coruscation.
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CORSAIR, CORSANU, CORT, CORU, CORUSCATE, Corviniana, CORW, CORX, CORY, COS
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What does Coruscation mean?
- cor•us•ca•tion(n.)
- a sudden gleam or flash of light.
Know the definition for Coruscation? Know the meaning of Coruscation? Don't keep it to yourself!
"Coruscation." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/Coruscation>.


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Originally published Thursday, February 20, 2014 at 5:52 PM
Worst spill in 6 months at stricken Japanese nuclear plant
The leaked water was a reminder of the many mishaps that have plagued the containment and cleanup efforts at the Fukushima nuclear plant and of the hundreds of tons of contaminated groundwater that continue to flow into the Pacific every day.
The New York Times
TOKYO — About 100 tons of highly radioactive water leaked from one of the hundreds of storage tanks at the Fukushima nuclear plant, its operator said Thursday, calling it the worst spill at the plant in six months.
The operator, Tokyo Electric Power Co., or Tepco, said the leak, discovered Wednesday and stopped Thursday, happened far enough from the plant's waterfront that none of the radioactive water was likely to reach the Pacific Ocean, as has happened during previous spills. The incident was nonetheless a reminder of the many mishaps that have plagued the containment and cleanup efforts at the plant and of the hundreds of tons of contaminated groundwater that flow unchecked into the Pacific every day.
Tepco said it had traced the latest leak to a two valves that were left open by mistake.
The leaked water was among the most severely contaminated that Tepco has reported at the Fukushima Daiichi plant since March 2011, when damage caused by an earthquake and a tsunami led to meltdowns in three of the plant's reactors. Each liter of the water contained, on average, 230 million becquerels of particles giving off beta radiation, the company said. A becquerel is a unit used to measure radioactivity. About half of the particles were likely to be strontium-90, which is readily taken up by the human body in the same way as calcium, and can cause bone cancer and leukemia.
That means the water was about 3.8 million times as contaminated with strontium-90 as the maximum allowed under Japan's safety standards for drinking water. It also showed levels much more radioactive than a groundwater reading that Tepco announced this month. That reading — 5 million becquerels of strontium-90 per liter — which was detected at a location closer to the ocean than the latest spill, prompted criticism of Tepco because the company waited five months to report it publicly.
Critics have assailed the company since the accident, saying it has been slow to acknowledge problems at the plant and has disclosed too little information about the conditions inside. Even so, the government has left the company largely in charge of the cleanup work there.
Tepco has struggled to deal with the hundreds of tons of groundwater that seeps each day into the plant's damaged reactor buildings, where it is contaminated by the melted nuclear reactor cores. To keep the radioactive water from running into the Pacific, it is pumped out of the reactor buildings and stored in rows of huge tanks on the plant grounds.
So far, about 340,000 tons of water have accumulated in the tanks.
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