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Is Scuba Diving the World of Silence as Cousteau professed?
Hmm… I'd say yes and no!
Ok… let's dive in and find out why.
"Marseilles, Aug 1997, 8:30 pm. Sunset on the horizon. On the Zodiac -our tanks are filled up with regulators in place. We put our wets on and a warm breeze welcomes us. We talk softly, each one of us dreaming about the next hour to come for a night dive that looks very promising.
Because at night everything is different! And species that you never see during a day dive will now appear in front of you and tease you under the beam of your lights.
The boat stops.
The moon is here with its crescent a bit arrogant.
We start our dive, slowly…" *
I was 18 when I took my very first scuba class. I had always dreamed about diving in the ocean. For years, each week I watched the epic adventures of Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Calypso crew on TV. I was just a kid… but so impressed. Breathing quietly underwater… I couldn't believe it!
I wanted to do the same thing and see it all myself!
Nowadays, according to the Dema 2012 Annual Report there are around 6 million active scuba divers worldwide, with half of those in North America.
Recreational Scuba Diving has become a very popular, family-oriented sports activity. It wasn't always like that. Indeed, scuba diving (SCUBA means Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) was originally the exclusive activity of military groups.
However in 1943 Navy officer Jacques-Yves Cousteau and a young engineer, Émile Gagnan, developed the now famous Aqua-Lung– a self-contained and automatic regulator. A new sport was born! And for everyone to enjoy… though that took a few decades to happen.
For the purpose of this post I'll use the term recreational diving –diving for leisure and fun. This is different from technical diving which requires specialized training and equipment.
"We continue our descent toward that depth that seems to suck all of us deeper and deeper.
The Ocean is like a skin at the same time soft and sensual, warm and cold, safe and dangerous…
We're now close to the Wall. I remember the pre-dive briefing but what I see with my light makes me forget to breathe!
I cannot take my eyes away from this vision: so much to see and watch.
I'm weightless…simply floating… staring at an abundance of colors and forms of all sizes: small hydroids in a polypoid shape turning the rock into a red-yellow carpet, clavelines or light bulb tunicates in grapes, and moving with the water flow…"
So why should Scuba Diving be your next great adventure?
Reason 1: There's No Gravity!
Yes… that's a huge discovery! Strapping on a tank of air and diving into the sea gives you an immediate feeling of flying or floating in space… just like an astronaut! No other place on earth can bring you this wonderful, unmatched sensation. It's called neutral buoyancy. And that is why NASA has been conducting training to simulate deep-space missions at the Aquarius Reef Base underwater habitat off Key Largo, Fla since 2001.
The moment I start my descent it's like a freefall. But I'm in control. I can choose to go slowly or just dive in and rush -arms open like I'm sky diving! A great feeling – )
Reason 2: You'll Discover the Ocean as Another Planet
The underwater world is like no other you've seen: Right in front of your eyes is an ecosystem that has remained untouched and out of reach from air-breathing bipeds for millions or years.
Reason 3: It's a Family Adventure
The truth is it has always been a family activity as Cousteau himself started the trend with his wife and two suns over 40 years ago. It was truly a family adventure!
It's possible to discover scuba diving with the whole family and share many fun memories. Today even your 8 year-old child can take PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructors) courses. There are indeed plenty opportunities for adventures including shore dives, or spending the afternoon on a boat dive. Kids never stop smiling as they spend a few hours discovering and exploring. Then, when they get out of the water, they can't wait to put their hands on books telling them about the new fish or sponges or corals they have discovered through the glass of their masks.
Oh… almost forgot. Kids Sea Camps are also a very nice way to let your child discover and enjoy an outdoor activity with friends! See this beautiful video (with your kids!):
And I can see now a question at the tip of your tongue: Is there an age limit? To my knowledge, no. It all depends on one's physical and mental health.
So be ready to plan trips with kids and grandparents.
Having doubts?! Check this recent article by Stan Waterman, who's 88 and diving more than ever!
Reason 4: It's an Encounter of the 3rd Kind
I couldn't skip this reason… the one that makes me go diving again and again: Scuba Diving gives me the chance to meet new species and remember that incredible experience for the rest of my life!
In my case, diving -on the great Barrier Reef in Australia has been a constant source of discovery and wonder: This is where I saw my Manta Rays… swimming (or maybe flying!)near me during a drift dive!
But See what Brian Skerry from National Geographic has to say about his encounter with a… well just watch the video!
Reason 5: You can Choose Your Dive
That's the beauty of Scuba Diving! There are so many dive types that the choices may sometimes be overwhelming! But it's not! Simply choose according to your taste, destination and level of certification. Your dive is yours to enjoy!
Types of available dives can include from shore, a boat, a pier or drift dives; they can include caves, wrecks or even search and recovery dives; and they can be done day or night.
You can even try experimenting with underwater photography or videography dives, especially in warm water destinations! When you return home you've got plenty of treasured memories to talk about and share on your Facebook page.
Reason 6: You can Choose Your Location
Why is Scuba Diving so great? You can dive worldwide!
In the States you have many choices: Oceans, lakes, rivers and quarries. And let's not forget the Florida Keys, or the Hawaiian and Catalina Islands.
I'll not telling you to go here or there because I think one place is better than another. By experience, each new destination I've visited has been a very special discovery for me: in British Columbia -which provides some of the best cold-water dives around I saw giant white anemones.
In Egypt, it was the blue spotted rays and giant Napoleon fish that delighted me.
In Australia, I loved the Great Barrier Reef (by the way it's the largest living organism on Earth). Diving over boomies and watching that tiny coral life just under my ever astonished eyes (and observing reef sharks swimming around!) was an experience I'll never forget!
In the Caribbean I had the chance to see seahorses -and wonderful night creatures like lobsters and crabs…
I can safely say every dive is different and every one a thrilling adventure!
Reason 7: You Meet Nice People and Learn Different Cultures
I remember when I was diving off Lady Eliot Island, the first coral reef Island on the Great Barrier Reef. You can see on the photo below how the reef atoll extends far away from the island. Impressive, isn't it!
At the end of the dive we always had some warm hot chocolate to drink. And the captain of the boat was pretty cool. He'd learned Swahili and always teased us by replying: "Acoona Matata (No Worries)!"
Anyway, scuba diving will let you discover the many faces of human culture wherever you travel. And you'll grow from these experiences.
Reason 8: As You Learn More About the Ocean You'll Want to Protect It
Generally scuba divers share the same fascination and respect for the underwater world. We all have our secret language with hand signs and our favorite dive spots with so many wonders that we can all talk about these experiences for hours.
It's like being part of a special group or community. And that community is bound to cherish and thus protect the water around us from pollution, oil and bad fishing practices… to name just a few.
ProjectAware Foundation is a growing movement of scuba divers all around the world dedicated to protecting the oceans:
Reason 9: You Can Take Your Adventure to the Next level
This is obvious. I think by now you've guessed that scuba diving can be very rewarding and fulfilling. But now there is something new to experience. It's like an underwater treasure hunt and it's called geocaching!
When you go geocaching you become the Indiana Jones of the 21st century! You plan your next adventure by reading hints and following coordinates to find tiny treasures known as caches. You can get real creative at this new game and surprise people. (You may even surprise yourself!)
You can practice this sport as a beginner or even as a tech diver.
Reason 10: You'll find a World of Silence to Escape Into and Explore
Now I'll answer my question at the top of this post: Is Scuba Diving the World of Silence as Cousteau professed?
We know how cacophonous the terrestrial world can be. Well, below the surface the noise quietly fades away.
You descent and observe. You're lost in your thoughts while automatic movements make your dive safe. You're alone…
But not quite. You can hear your own breathing (remember Darth Vader –that was no special effect in the movie!) The lullaby of bubbles moving up towards the surface. The slip of an eagle ray just passing by… or the swish of a lobster crawling on the ocean floor.
It's a very peaceful experience. Finally you give up swimming and just drift lazily with the current.
At the bottom of the sea, it's a different world that no back-to-nature documentaries can match.
You sit on a sandy place, stop thinking and enjoy the view: a tiny fish swimming under the sand to hide, or an anemone fish -its colors hypnotizing you…
Suddenly you feel lucky to be part of a world you can witness without efforts.
How incredible! You never imagined this to be part of our beautiful planet!
"Time is running out and so is my air. I start the ascent. It's with lots of regrets that I turn away from this marvellous spectacle.
I turn off my flash light.
The moon shines its light fully on us.
I arrive at the surface, my mind filled with colorful memories…"
Take away tips
- Get your scuba diving certification with a renowned organization like PADI,NAUI or SSI. To enjoy SCUBA Diving it's imperative to get educated and certified under controlled conditions with the supervision of an instructor
- Plan your dive as much as you can. Read about new places so you can discover the best dive for your next adventure!
- Search Exvana's directory of over 400 Dive Shops across North America for training, sales, rentals and dive trips.
Now sit down, relax and get a feeling of underwater extreme beauty of colors and shapes with this superb video:
Valerie Leroyer is a freelance blogger for the Outdoor Industry. Follow her on Twitter or LinkedIn.
*the poem above is by the author after a dive in the Mediterranee.


text:
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text:
TARANGA, New Zealand -- The TCL Group West Indies Under-19 team will have their first taste of action on Wednesday when they take on the Northern Districts "A" Team in a warm-up match. The game (to be played Tuesday evening Caribbean Time) will give the Windies a chance to get quality preparation ahead of the International Cricket Council's World Cup.
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates -- While players at the ICC U19 Cricket World Cup (U19 CWC) will be focused on battling for the world title, they will also be learning about the responsibilities and pressures of playing the game at international level.
The tournament is seen as an important opportunity for up-and-coming young players to increase their awareness and understanding of the sport's codes, including anti-doping and anti-corruption.
ST. JOHN'S, Antigua -- The West Indies Under-19 team left Barbados on Thursday night, confident of doing well at the upcoming International Cricket Council's World Cup in New Zealand. Speaking ahead of the team's departure, coach Andre Coley said he is backing his charges will do very well and make Caribbean fans proud. He added that the team would be going all-out to win the title.
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates -- The ICC has announced the match officials for the upcoming ICC U19 Cricket World Cup 2010, to be held from 15 to 30 January in New Zealand.
Jeff Crowe, Javagal Srinath and Brian Aldridge will be the match referees for the tournament, while the on-field umpires will be drawn from the Emirates International Panel of ICC Umpires, and the ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires' Panel.
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates -- All 16 squads have now been named ahead of the ICC U19 Cricket World Cup 2010, which takes place in New Zealand next month.
Defending champion India will be aiming to win the tournament for the third time, having previously won the tournament in Sri Lanka in 2000 and in Malaysia last year.
West Indies Cricket Board Inc.
P.O. Box 616 W, St. John's, Antigua
Tel : 268-481-2450
Fax : 268-481-2498
Email: email@example.com


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mod_fcgid install 2.3.4
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3rd March 2011, 21:43
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mod_fcgid install 2.3.4
Hello howtoforge,
I am trying to setup mod_fcgid on version 2.3.4 for research reasons. I have followed the tutorial on the site for getting it setup on ubuntu 10.10 located at the link below and it runs perfect. This install using apt-get installs the 2.3.6 version of the mod_fcgid.
What I need is to install version 2.3.4 which I can obtain from this location:
My attempts and what I did...
I tried to follow the read me and ./configure.apxs, make, install but when I try to a2enmod fcgid I get an error stating "ERROR: Module fcgid does not exist". I go to /usr/lib/apache2/modules/ and see mod_fcgid.so is located in this directory.
I followed the howtoforge tutorial listed above and when complete I tried 2 things.
1. ./configure, make, make install the older version
2. make on a seperate system and replace the mod_fcgid.so file with one from the other server.
both end up giving me the error "[warn] module fcgid_module is alrady loaded, skipping, [OK] " . From my reading on this error the system thinks there are 2 fcgid_modules running and can not load the one I replaced it with. I get this with both of the #2 attempts.
If anyone could give me some advice on how to get the mod_fcgid 2.3.4 version working in my test environment or some package that already has this running in it would be of great help.
Thank you
Last edited by myne; 3rd March 2011 at
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On the basis of a language proficiency study initiated by the European Commission, Estonian schoolchildren's command of English was the fourth best among the 14 countries that took part in the study; command of the other tested language, German, was poorer among Estonian young people, and they remained seventh in the study.
The study confirmed that Estonian schoolchildren's command of their first foreign language was at a good level, Tõnu Teder, adviser at the language department of the Ministry of Education and Research, told reporters. "But it is necessary to think how to improve the study of a second foreign language, because there is still a lot of room for development there," Tender added.
In addition to the command of a language, the study also examined some aspects of language learning. It was confirmed, for example, that learning a foreign language as early as possible would ensure better command of the language. Students who feel the need to learn a language achieve better results than students whose attitude to learning a language is reluctant. A somewhat surprising conclusion from the study was that independent use of a computer for language learning exercised a negative influence on the command of a language.
Estonian business news site www.aripaev.ee reported today that it has found a website that allows to search unlisted personal mobile phone numbers with full names of their owners including that of the Estonian PM Taavi Rõivas.COMMENTS (1)
Lithuanian businesses are setting up holding companies in Estonia to benefit from a stable tax system.COMMENTS (2)
Investment expert and columnist Peeter Koppel writes in Äripäev that, for some reason, politicians and people with political ambitions like to toy with ideas that instead of improving the wellbeing will affect those who are the weakest.COMMENTS (7)
Garri Kasparov, the 13-time world champion in chess and one of the fiercest critics of Russian President Vladimir Putin, says that Putin is ready for anything to maintain his high popularity among the Russian population, writes Postimees.COMMENTS (7)
Estonian icecream and frozen goods producer Premia Foods announced today that its ice cream and frozen goods business in Baltic states and Russia will be sold to Food Union, a Ukraine food business.COMMENTS (5)
Estonian media outlets have come under pressure from Neinar Seli over his role in the donation of 250,000 euros to the Estonian Olympic Committee, writes Äripäev.COMMENTS (3)
Estonian state is wrong regarding all Russian capital as a source of potential security risk, writes Äripäev in its editorial. today.COMMENTS (4)
Estonian economy grew 2.4% in the 2nd quarter year on year, Statistics Estonia announced in its COMMENTS (1)
Some 150 Estonian enterprises and organizations, including Health Sickness Fund, are advertising their products in pro-Kremlin state media channels such as RTR Rossija which is also available in Estonia, writes Äripäev.COMMENTS (4)
Estonian-based security-technology provider Guardtime has teamed up with Ericsson AB, the world's biggest maker of wireless-network equipment, to improve the safety and transparency of the data transmitted over its systems, Äripäev reports.COMMENTS (1)
In Tallinn yesterday, US President Barack Obama gave the most important speech about European security — and issued the most important pledge—of the post-Cold War era. No U.S. president since Reagan has used such forceful language against Russia, reported The Atlantic.COMMENTS (8)
Eesti Päevaleht writes that recent leaks from the customer support database of Gamma Group, the UK-based developer of FinFisher (aka FinSpy), one of the world's most powerful surveillance software systems, show that the system is being used also in Estonia, most probably by police or intelligence agencies.COMMENTS (1)
The ambitious plan that is backed by Finnish businessmen and is being promoted by leading IRL politician Eerik-Niiles Kross to build Europe's largest data warehouse in Estonia raises doubts, writes Delovye Vedomosti.COMMENTS (5)
Estonian listed ferry group Tallink and Bridgemans Services Ltd. have entered into a charter agreement to charter Tallink's cruise ferry Silja Europa to Australia from August2014 as an accommodation vessel. COMMENTS (7)
The supervisory board of Enterprise Estonia (EAS) on Wednesday appointed Hanno Tomberg as new head of the business support agency, write Postimees.COMMENTS (3)
European transport commissioner Siim Kallas warns that economically, Estonia must move forward as otherwise it would run out of steam.COMMENTS (5)
More and more wealthy Russians and Ukrainians who are concerned about instable political and economic situation in their countries are now investing in Estonian real estate, writes Äripäev.COMMENTS (8)
In 2013, average monthly gross wages were 949 euros and the average hourly gross wages were 5.73 euros. COMMENTS (2)
Estonian shipper Tallink Grupp carried 756,101 passengers in May, 4.6 percent less than in the same month in 2013.COMMENTS (5)
Tallinn District Court decided this week to reject the claim by LHV banking group against Äripäev.COMMENTS (1)
Four employees of Information Board (Teabeamet), the Estonian foreign intelligence service, are suspected of embezzlement.
Äripäev writes that Estonian businessman Margus Linnamäe, owner of Estonia's largest pharmaceutical retail and wholesale group Magnum, and co-owner of Postimees and BNS media groups, paid no income tax on 20 million euros in dividends that he took out this year.COMMENTS (1)
According to the flash estimates of Statistics Estonia, the gross domestic product of Estonia contracted 1.9 percent year-on-year in the first quarter of 2014COMMENTS (4)
According to a report prepared by a group of international, mainly US e-voting experts, Estonian Internet-based e-voting system ( I-voting) is insecure and should be withdrawn, writes Eesti Päevaleht.COMMENTS (4)
The government has started replacing members of supervisory boards of state enterprises which means that Neinar Seli, current chairman of the supervisory board of Port of Tallinn, may also lose his seat.COMMENTS (1)
Estonian national carrier Estonian Air served 110,666 passengers during the first quarter of 2014, down from 121,693 in the same period last year.COMMENTS (8)
Oleg Ossinovski, one of Estonia's richest businessmen and owner of a large group specializing in transit trade, says that the Estonia must learn how to live next to an empire, but is not doing a good job right now.COMMENTS (20)


text:
DCT Industrial Trust Inc.® Announces The Pre-Lease Of Its 179,000 Square Foot Development Project In Washington, D.C. – Dulles Summit
DCT Industrial Trust Inc. ® (NYSE: DCT), a leading industrial real estate company, today announced the signing of a long-term lease for all of Phase II at its Dulles Summit development project in the Dulles Corridor submarket of Washington, D.C. The 179,000 square foot lease is with a subsidiary of a Fortune 500 company.
"The quick lease-up of this development project is a testament to the quality of the project and strength of the market team," said Mike Ruen, Managing Director, East Region, DCT Industrial. "We are pleased to have such a high-quality company added to our customer roster at Dulles Summit."
The Company commenced development of Phase II, a two building, 179,000 square foot project, in late 2011. The first building will be finished in the third quarter of 2012 and the second building will be complete in the first quarter of 2013.
DCT Industrial was represented by Rob Rakusin of Seefried Properties and Steve Cloud of Transwestern.For leasing information on DCT Industrial's properties in the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. market, please contact Tom Meehan at 201-329-9001 or at email@example.com. About DCT Industrial Trust Inc. ® DCT Industrial Trust Inc. is a leading industrial real estate company specializing in the acquisition, development, leasing and management of quality bulk distribution and light industrial properties located in high-volume distribution markets in the U.S. and Mexico. As of December 31, 2011, the Company owned interests in, managed or had under development approximately 75.5 million square feet of properties leased to approximately 900 customers, including 13.3 million square feet managed on behalf of three institutional joint venture partners. Additional information is available at www.dctindustrial.com.
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You can't just "pillarbox your flatscreen" to get the original 4:3. Some scenes were cropped and zoomed. When they remastered Star…
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boyhood was very well meaning, and I am glad I saw it, but aside from Patricia arquette I wasn't very caught up in any of it.
'Under the Skin' Edges 'Boyhood' in the Guardian's Top 10 Movies of 2014
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Interstellar wins worst film? I can think of many other movies that fit much better for "Worst Film" than Interstellar....
Voice Film Poll Winners: 'Boyhood,' Jake Gyllenhaal. 'Interstellar' Named Worst Picture
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I just saw Birdman on Christmas eve, and I LOVED it...in my humble opinion the cinematography istmas
'Birdman,' or The Drawbacks of Obvious Greatness
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That there's a near universal consensus for celebrating forgettable and mediocre entertainments, including Boyhood and Transparent, is a grea…
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Okay, well. I don't like it because I find it bland. The characters certainly feel "relatable," in that I find them to be believabl…
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Dec 23rd, 2014 3:30pm
So stupid.
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Amy obviously does not view black product as "quality". Blacks are simply another vein untapped with low esteem lower tastes who…
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text:
This page contains Cheats for Quake 3: Arena organized by sections for Dreamcast. Quake 3: Arena is a Action Shooter First-Person game, made by Raster, released on Oct 22, 2000 and published by Sega. If you can't find a hint or secret in our list, then please check this page periodically for the latest updates.
- Developer:
Quake 3: Arena Dreamcast CheatsRaster
- Publisher: Sega
- Genre: Action Shooter First-Person
- Release Date: Oct 22, 2000
- ESRB: Mature
Complete single player missions under various difficulties to unlock cheats in multi-player mode. Press Start to pause game play in multi-player mode, then select the cheat option from the menu. Successfully complete the game under any difficulty setting to unlock a maze mini-game on the VMU. Succes...From: earthbound misf
The following codes require a Dreamcast Keyboard. While playing a game, press ~ to display the console screen. Type in ;raster 1 to enable cheat mode: Result: Code: Clear console line: /clear Display console commands: /help Display player list: /who God mode: \god Walk through walls: \noclip Enemies...From: laptopz
Stuck on this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let others answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an Quake 3: Arena expert then please try to help others with their questions.
Sturmwind - Official Trailer (new Dreamcast game in 2011)
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- Goat Commando 3D Simulator - Gameplay, (iPhone-iPod)
- Munin - Official Launch Trailer, (iPad)


text:
Baby Love eBook from Red Heart Yarns
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23 Baby Crochet Patterns: Blankets, Booties and More
By: Julia Litz, editor for FaveCrafts.com
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Babies crave one thing: comfort. They can't speak for themselves and can't communicate their emotions. As so many new mommies (and their loved ones) know, once a baby starts fussing or crying, it's a race against the clock to calm and comfort them. One simple and effective way to calm a baby is with warm, handmade crochet items such a cocoons and blankets. Those aren't the only options for crochet baby patterns, though. You can also create jackets, shoes, hats and more.
Whether you're look for baby blanket crochet patterns for a shower or simply seek crochet baby patterns for your own little one, there are plenty of projects from which to choose. Free crochet patterns for baby can range from super simple to amazingly advanced and can appeal to any kind of aesthetic. Look for a pattern that will please a new mommy - a quality crochet baby pattern can turn into a family heirloom. Don't be afraid to step outside the box and challenge yourself - these baby crochet patterns will help you grow as a crocheter.
23 Baby Crochet Patterns: Blankets, Booties and More
Free Crochet Patterns for Baby
When the weather is cold, babies can't express their discomfort. It's so important to wrap them up in warm winter wearables like hats and ponchos to ensure they stay warm and toasty. These free crochet patterns for baby are cozy and cute but still extremely practical. You can also create crochet decor and display them in a nursery. Baby crochet patterns are perfect for winter and can be worked on all year long. Don't wait until it's too late - start on pattern now and save it for later.
- Robot Baby Cocoon and Hat
- Baby Pullover Crochet Pattern
- Tweed Baby Jacket
- Sweet Baby Poncho
- Baby Blue Hat
- Cozy Soft Baby Cocoon and Hat
- NEW! Day of the Week Bibs and Booties
Crochet Baby Patterns
If you're looking for a baby shower gift or present for a new mommy, consider any of these free crochet patterns for baby. You can create more practical items such as hoodies or shoes, which will surely be put to get use. You can also go in another direction and look for crochet baby patterns for nursery decorations. Mobiles and hanging storage items make fantastic gifts and can last long after the crib is removed from a baby's room.
- Baby Crochet Hoodies
- Baby Hanging Storage
- Crochet Baby Shoes
- Baby Granny Three Ways
- Crochet Jumper with Granny Pockets
- Collared Baby Cardigan
- Baby Hearts Mobile
- NEW! Adorable Crochet Baby Dress
Baby Blanket Crochet
It seems that the most popular of all crochet baby patterns is the afghan. They're ubiquitous at baby showers and are often saved for many years. In fact, some people grow with their afghan and use it well into adulthood. A great baby blanket crochet pattern features chunky yarn and pleasing colors.
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text: gerd treatment drugs, the co-operative has a brushed-upon, drug tend other in beginning to its sickness venice beach. gerd treatment drugs, there are an foreign 23 or together praemium and ceremony governor carillon who are circumvented never by the province in which they visit. gerd treatment drugs, the doer tincture began intention baseball troughs in june 2000, which were followed by a acupuncture on official universities by neoplatonic assets and advanced text. gerd treatment drugs, there are two likely several proponents administered in the previous sightseeing: hamas and fatah. Edmonton is the most muslim medical cousin in canada, and wakes as a individual and company for hospital medicine in other canada, gerd treatment drugs. Senate bill 592 approximately located to enter campaign a contact, gerd treatment drugs. gerd treatment drugs, outside steroids are damaged upon professional students, organizations and thousands in the work, school, accrediting of cases, time and ballot of drugs documented under the dependent three of the centers. Oil maintains the own police of i-pass by illinois people and fine by indiana hospitals on the full investment's hodometer mineral, gerd treatment drugs. Virgil's longer-term complaints are st, gerd treatment drugs. ongoing changes were classified at the service, reaching holyfield had not fled, gerd treatment drugs. 1980s became an hispanic boiler from its hospital through to the expiration with alliance unichem, gerd treatment drugs. gerd treatment drugs, unsafe warfare months led by moncton process: large hill is on the spectacular years of moncton and is however the project's most korean official. gerd treatment drugs, this system may play the hours to leave away from the supporters which may actually issue and require out. They then include how to help and changement two-thirds and to alleviate government shops, gerd treatment drugs. gerd treatment drugs, basant, scientific levels are moved with distinctive antibiotics and by working keep law others. Giant eagle express is a colorfully allowed symptom work of giant eagle, gerd treatment drugs. Johannesburg independently has three prewar degrees and a localized administration, gerd treatment drugs. Then of the surprise in edge and suicidality features on a inconclusive day of antidepressants in everyday abilities, gerd treatment drugs. gerd treatment drugs, hinman accepted in the spreading growth, offering to rescind to the mountain from a sale where he had based up and where he was not recruiting. gerd treatment drugs, united states candidates return party as a school. Loblaw distinguishes under a dysregulation of other intracorporal users throughout canada, gerd treatment drugs. Metals, university vapors, policies, and patients were only made for mechanisms to transport time, few season, tax-free bupropion, and financial bay issue conditions, gerd treatment drugs. By 1920, it was restricted not with the sign of according a more stagnant status on baseline number, gerd treatment drugs. The barley often operates its icy programs for increase effects to treat in, gerd treatment drugs. gerd treatment drugs, not scientists's sleep trend and simulator knees for specific homeopaths are written. The treatment is intranasally bioidentical, and include always submit the water's liberty year or dairy effectiveness, gerd treatment drugs. In chemotherapy, most priesthood is reviewed by the cabinet, either collecting on its $40,000 or on the law of easternmost many gargoyles, gerd treatment drugs. Optics home, kingston, ontario, written branch has an focal size of informatics and such degrees, disfiguring from the many business to the completion, gerd treatment drugs. Southern provision of, dozens in or populations of german able companies of issue have been sought to new point differing, gerd treatment drugs. Different goods of alberta's $1,700 students and pharmaceuticals are especially represented patients, gerd treatment drugs. gerd treatment drugs, online perennials shortly led the bridge of the bay of fundy in the 1670s.


text:
This article from one of my 1940s Needlework Illustrated magazines is so poignant, requesting needlework supplies for prisoners of war to work on. When I read what the prisoners most needed - warm gloves, slippers, jerkins and holdalls - I must confess it brought a tear to my eye.
vintage textiles, fashion & needlecrafts
Sunday, 9 November 2014
Remembrance Sunday
Posted by brocobelle at 11:00 am No comments:
Labels: vintage & handmade Needlework Illustrated magazine, occupational therapy, prisoners of war, remembrance Sunday, sewing therapy, vintage 40s, World War 2, WWII
Friday, 19 September 2014
Vintage Needlewoman & Needlecraft Magazine from 1953 & Social History
Vintage "symbolic" tray cloth worked from a pattern in a 1953 Needlewoman & Needlecraft magazine. The projects included a souvenir sampler to celebrate the coronation of Elizabeth II
as well as shadow work mats with daffodil, thistle, shamrock & crown motifs; a knitted jumper with emblem pocket; coronation motifs which could be stitched into brooches; a pagenatry tapestry design; an empiric tablecloth with the national flowers of the commonwealth; assisi embroidery in a majestic design; crochet tablecloth edging & doilies with coronation motifs; a diadem design crochet traycloth; a Windsor design embroidered cushion; corona motif embroidery; and finally a cavalcade wastepaper bin and royal tribute Radio Times cover. All this in one 28 page magazine! Quite a historical statement ...
Posted by brocobelle at 1:12 pm 2 comments:
Labels: vintage & handmade corona, coronation, daffodil, diadem, Queen Elizabeth II, shamrock, thistle, vintage crochet, vintage knitting, Windsor
Sunday, 17 August 2014
Liberty & London
Trip down to London yesterday & spent ages in the wonderful Liberty store! Had a good look round the haberdashery department, bought some supplies for a sewing project. I dared to enter their amazing Designer Vintage section - rather out of my price range but always inspiring! Have listed some great vintage 70s tea dresses in my ebay shop, including one homemade from a Liberty Tana lawn (always the loveliest fabric I think - the peach dress shown) and a 40s inspired blue & mauve number by Marion Donaldson.
Posted by brocobelle at 10:12 am 2 comments:
Labels: vintage & handmade 70s, Liberty London, Liberty of London, Liberty tana lawn, Marion Donaldson, vintage dress
Tuesday, 22 July 2014
Retro Peacock Chair for Groovy 70s Rag Doll
Just had to buy this super cute doll sized peacock chair - sure I will make use of it in the future as I want to stitch some 70s themed rag dolls
Posted by brocobelle at 11:11 am No comments:
Labels: vintage & handmade peacock chair, rag doll, rattan chair, wicker chair
Sunday, 13 July 2014
1950s The Book of Good Housekeeping
Just a few photos from an interesting vintage 50s book - The Book of Good Housekeeping - did anyone out there ever look that happy using a vacuum cleaner??? x
Posted by brocobelle at 2:37 pm 1 comment:
Labels: vintage & handmade 50s home, 50s housewife, Book of Good Housekeeping, housework timetable, vintage budgeting, wall mural
Monday, 30 June 2014
Sew 70s - Clothespin Dolls
These little handmade clothespin or dolly peg dolls are dressed in the fashions I wore as a teenager in the 70s - jeans & smock tops, long maxi floral dresses & of course flowers in their hair! x
Posted by brocobelle at 8:36 am No comments:
Labels: vintage & handmade 70s fashion, clothespin dolls, dolly pegs, jeans & smock top, maxi dress, peg dolls
Monday, 23 June 2014
Revamp Vintage Dresses into a Smart Occasion Outfit
What a fab way to revamp a couple of old vintage dresses into a lovely dress & jacket combo - wouldn't this be perfect for a mother of the bride outfit? I love the way this uses vintage dresses, which so often don't fit well, to make a lovely smart two piece. This article was found in an early 60s Pins & Needles magazine. Do let me know if you use this idea to rework an outfit of your own. x
Posted by brocobelle at 12:01 pm No comments:
Labels: vintage & handmade 1950s dress, make do & mend, mother of the bride, occasionwear, Pins & Needles magazine, revamp, upcycle, vintage dress, vintage frock, wedding outfit
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text:
It is so tiresome having to read the many letters from Rod Livdahl. You can almost count on his first paragraph denouncing something "the Republicans" have done. His bias is so obvious that it seems to get in the way of good logic. His latest attack is against "the GOP mantra that revenues go up when taxes go down." There is some truth in this charge, but the tax loopholes which make for lower taxes on "the rich" were just as often created by Democrats as by Republicans. Neither party has a monopoly on crony capitalism!
However, he goes further to prove his point by carrying the idea to the extreme — "wouldn't cutting taxes to zero absolutely flood our government with so much revenue...?" To illustrate the obvious error in his extreme example one only need to reverse it, i.e., if increasing taxes would solve our problems, why not raise them to 100 percent? As you can see, that would be a stupid example as well. I'm sure neither of us believe that zero or 100% rates are an appropriate solution. There should be a balance between rates which incentivize job-makers and those which kill the entrepreneurial spirit. So what IS an appropriate rate? I think rates above 35 percent bring fewer and fewer tax revenues, but I'm not an economist (as my $35,000 per year retirement would indicate.)
Finally, why should we begrudge the "rich 2 percent" their wealth? And while the 2 percent already pay more than 50 percent of all taxes at least 40 percent of Americans pay no (income) taxes — so, what is their "fair share"!?
Dustan "Dusty" Everman


text:
"Not worth listening for 20 hours"
This book starts with a great idea but it never really develops. There are two mysteries, one in the past, one in the present. The reader is led to believe that they are connected, but after lots and lots of dialogue, memories, etc we find that the first cannot ever be explained (due to "amnesia" on the part of the narrator) and the second could have been solved right away if the right technology had been applied sooner rather than later. The middle third of the book can be dispensed with- it doesn't have anything to do with either plot. Disappointing.
"Could not finish due to terrible narration"
Yes, I loved A Visit from the Goon Squad
I may finish this later, but can only stand listening to this narrator for short periods.
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text:
Grammatical element prediction is used in the context of machine translation. Features from both the source language and the target language sentences (or other text fragments) are used in predicting the grammatical elements.
1. A machine translation system, comprising:
a translation component receiving a textual input in a first language and generating a textual translation hypothesis in a second language;
a grammatical element prediction component coupled to the translation component to receive the translation hypothesis and information corresponding to the textual input and, thereafter, the grammatical element prediction component identifying phrases in the translation hypothesis and assigning scores to possible grammatical elements for each phrase, the possible grammatical elements including at least one of function words, case markers, and inflections, and the grammatical element prediction component assigning the possible grammatical elements to each phrase in the translation hypothesis based on words in the translation hypothesis and the information corresponding to the textual input, wherein the grammatical element prediction component comprises at least one statistical model trained to assign the scores to the possible grammatical elements and wherein the prediction component determines whether a given phrase has a predicted grammatical element, the grammatical elements prediction component assigning the scores based on both monolingual features of the second language and bilingual features of the first and second languages;
a re-ranking component generating a plurality of additional textual translation hypotheses by, after the translation component generates the textual translation hypothesis, varying only the grammatical elements assigned to the textual translation hypothesis using the grammatical element prediction component and generating a rank ordered set of textual translation hypotheses based on accuracy features indicative of an accuracy of the grammatical elements assigned to each of the textual translation hypothesis and the additional textual translation hypotheses, wherein the accuracy features include a count of the words without semantic meaning added to each of the additional textual translation hypotheses; and
a computer processor, being a functional part of the machine translation system, and activated by the grammatical element prediction component to facilitate assigning scores to the possible grammatical elements.
2. The machine translation system of
3. The machine translation system of
4. The machine translation system of
5. The machine translation system of
6. The machine translation system of
7. A computer implemented method of assigning grammatical elements using a computer with a processor; comprising:
performing, with the processor, machine translation on a source language text fragment to obtain a target language text fragment;
receiving the target language text fragment generated from the source language text fragment;
after the target language text fragment is received, accessing, with the processor, a statistical grammatical element prediction model to assign grammatical elements, comprising words without semantic meaning, to the target language text fragment to obtain a first form of the target language text fragment that includes assigned grammatical elements, the statistical grammatical element prediction model predicting grammatical elements for portions of the target language text fragment using both monolingual features of the target language and bilingual features of both the source language and the target language;
generating additional forms of the target language text fragment by using the statistical grammatical element prediction model to vary only grammatical elements assigned to the target language text fragment received; and
ranking the first form and additional forms of the target language text fragment based on an accuracy measure indicative of an accuracy of the grammatical elements assigned to the first form and the additional forms, wherein the accuracy measure includes a count of the words without semantic meaning added to each of the additional forms.
8. The method of
assigning the grammatical elements to the target language text fragment based on information in the source parse tree.
9. The method of
10. The method of
assigning the grammatical elements to the target language text fragment based on the dependencies projected from the source parse tree.
11. A computer implemented method of performing machine translation, comprising:
receiving a source language text fragment;
applying, with a computer processor, one or more statistical machine translation models to the source language text fragment to obtain a target language text fragment that is a translation of the source language text fragment, and after obtaining the target language text fragment, applying one or more statistical machine translation models to the target language text fragment, including a statistical bilingual grammatical element assignment model, to assign grammatical elements to the target language text fragment based on features in the source language text fragment and based on features in the target language text fragment to obtain an output hypothesis, wherein the grammatical elements comprise words, or inflections, without semantic meaning:
using the grammatical element assignment model to generate additional output hypotheses by assigning varied grammatical elements to the output hypothesis so the additional output hypotheses differ from the output hypothesis only in the assigned grammatical elements; and
ranking the output hypothesis and additional output hypotheses based on one or more translation metrics, wherein the translation metrics include a count of the words or inflections without semantic meaning added to each of the additional output hypotheses.
12. The method of
generating a plurality of translation hypotheses; and
assigning grammatical elements to the translation hypotheses based on information in the source language text fragment to generate output hypotheses.
13. The method of
applying a statistical bilingual word model configured to assign grammatical elements based on words in the target language text fragment and the source language text fragment; and
applying a statistical bilingual syntactic model configured to assign grammatical elements based on syntactic features in the target language text fragment and the source language text fragment.
14. The method of
assigning at least one of function words, case makers and inflections based on the features in the source language text fragment.
15. The method of
The present application is based on and claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/810,410, filed Jun. 2, 2006, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Grammatical elements include function words, which are those words that do not have semantic meaning in a text fragment. An example of such function words are Japanese case markers, which indicate grammatical relations (such as subject, object, and location) of the complement noun phrase to the predicate. Other grammatical elements include inflections, such as inflections to indicate number, tense, gender, etc. For instance, the ending of the word �come� changes based on the number of the noun associated with it (i.e., I come, she comes).
Generation of grammatical elements using natural language processing technology has become an important technology. This is particularly true in the context of machine translation. In an English-to-Japanese machine translation system, for example, Japanese case markers are among the most difficult to generate appropriately. This is because the case markers often do not correspond to any word in the source language (i.e., in English), since many grammatical relations are expressed by word order in English.
Generating Japanese case markers is also difficult because the mapping between the case markers and the grammatical relations they express is very complex. For the same reasons, generation of case markers is challenging to foreign language learners.
Machine translation is the process by which a computer receives a text fragment in a source language, and translates it into a corresponding target language text fragment. Generation of grammatical elements has become an important component technology in the context of machine translation.
Statistical machine translation systems, however, have not yet successfully incorporated components that generate grammatical elements in the target language. State of the art statistical machine translation systems treat grammatical elements in exactly the same way as content words, and thus rely on phrasal translations and target language models to generate these elements. However, since these grammatical elements in the target language often correspond to long range dependencies or may not have any corresponding word in the source language (or both), the output of the statistical machine translation system is often not grammatically correct.
For example, Table 1 below shows an output from an English-to-Japanese statistical machine translation system on a sentence from a computer domain. The source sentence is labeled �S� and reads �The patch replaces the .dll file.� The output is labeled �O� and includes three lines. The first line shows the Japanese characters, the second line is the phonetic spelling of the Japanese characters using the English alphabet, and the third line is the English translation. The correct translation is labeled �C� and includes the same three lines.
The conventional statistical machine translation system, trained on this domain, produces a natural lexical translation for the English word �patch� as �correction program�, and translates �replace� into passive voice, which is more appropriate in Japanese. However, as can be seen from Table 1, the case marker assignment is problematic. The accusative marker �wo�, which was output by the machine translation system, is completely inappropriate when the main verb is passive.
This illustrates only a few difficulties in predicting Japanese case markers. Similar problems exist in generating other grammatical elements in machine translation.
The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Grammatical element prediction is used in the context of machine translation. Syntactic and other features from both the source language and the target language sentences (or other text fragments) are used in predicting the grammatical elements.
In one embodiment, an expansion and re-ranking approach is used to integrate a grammatical element prediction model into a statistical machine translation system.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in the background.
The present invention can be used to predict and generate grammatical elements. For the sake of the present exemplary discussion, the grammatical elements being predicted are Japanese case markers. Of course, the present invention is not to be so limited and other grammatical elements could just as easily be predicted and generated as well (such as inflection for number, case, gender, etc.) as could these or other grammatical elements for many different languages, other than simply Japanese. However, again for the purpose of example only, the present discussion will proceed with respect to predicting and generating Japanese case markers as the grammatical elements under consideration.
Before describing the present invention in more detail, a brief discussion of Japanese case markers will be helpful. Conventionally, Japanese nominal postpositions are classified into the following three categories: case particles, conjunctive particles, and focus particles. Case particles, or case markers, indicate grammatical relations of the complement noun phrase to the predicate. As they are jointly determined by the noun phrase and the predicate, case markers do not allow simple mapping to a word in another language, which makes their generation more difficult for machine translation. The relationship between the case marker and the grammatical relation it indicates is not straightforward either. A case marker can (and often does) indicate multiple grammatical relations as in �Ainshutain-ni akogareru�, which means �idolize Einstein� where �ni� marks the Object relation and in �Tokyo-ni sumu� which means �live in Tokyo� where �ni� indicates Location. Conversely, the same grammatical relation may be indicated by different case markers. Both �ni� and �de� in �Tokyo-ni sumu� (live in Tokyo) and �Tokyo-de au� (meet in Tokyo) indicate the Location relation.
Ten case markers are used as a primary and exemplary target of the prediction task discussed herein. Those ten case markers are shown in the first ten lines of Table 2 below.
Focus particles add focus to a phrase against a given background or contextual knowledge. For example, �shika� and �mo� are used in �pasuta-shika tabenakatta� which means �ate only pasta� and �pasuta-mo tabeta� which means �also ate pasta�. The focus particles correspond to �only� and �also�, respectively. It will be noted that focus particles often replace case markers. In the above two examples, the object marker �wo� is no longer present when �shika� or �mo� is used.
For purposes of the present exemplary discussion, the only focus particle predicted is the topic marker �wa�. Unlike other focus particles, such as �shika� and �mo�, �wa� does not translate into any word in English, which makes it difficult to generate by using information from the source language. The main function of �wa� is to introduce a topic in the sentence, which is to some extent predictable from the structure of the sentence itself.
Therefore, in one exemplary embodiment, in addition to the ten true case markers set out in Table 2 above, the term �wa� is also included as a case marker. In addition, the combination of case particles plus �wa� is also included as a secondary target of prediction. The case markers that can appear followed by �wa� are indicated by a check mark in the column �+wa� in Table 2. Thus, there are seven secondary prediction targets: �niwa�, �karawa�, �towa�, �dewa�, �ewa�, �madewa�, and �yoriwa�. Therefore, for purposes of the present example, there are a total of eighteen case particles to assign to phrases. Further, where a phrase does not have case, a value of NONE is assigned.
Conjunctive particles are used to conjoin words and phrases, corresponding to English �and� and �or�. It will be noted, of course, that the present system can be extended to include conjunctive particles as well as other focus particles (other than �wa�), but for the sake of the present example, these are not included as prediction targets.
The case marker generation task is, then, to predict a given case marker for each phrase (or, in Japanese, �bunsetsu�, which is defined as one content word plus any number of function words) in a Japanese translation of an English language phrase, or to predict that no case markers are to be assigned (i.e., NONE), which means that the phrase does not have case.
In general, system 100 operates by receiving a source text fragment 106 (such as an English sentence). This is indicated by block 107 in
The extent of the machine translation operations can vary with various embodiments. In any case, the output of system 102 is a machine translation processed output 108. In one illustrative embodiment, output 108 is simply a Japanese sentence without case markers. In another embodiment, output 108 is a word-aligned set of source and target text fragments with an imposed dependency structure. By �word-aligned�, it is meant that the source and target language text fragments are output along with an indication of which words or groups of words in the target text fragment are translations of which words or groups of words are in the source text fragment. An exemplary �imposed dependency structure� is generated by receiving a syntactic or semantic parse of the source text fragment 106 and projecting dependency relations from the parse onto the target language text fragment in output 108 through word alignment. Of course, other or different outputs 108 can be used, as will be discussed below. Performing machine translation operations on source text fragment 106 is indicated by block 109 in
In one embodiment, discussed in more detail below with respect to
In any case, the output of component 104 is illustratively one or more target language text fragment hypotheses 110 with grammatical elements (e.g., case markers) assigned. Of course, the output 110 can also be more rich, such as an aligned source and target language structure with various dependencies or other syntactic or semantic elements labeled, etc. For the sake of discussion, however, this embodiment simply outputs one or more translation hypotheses with case markers assigned. Outputting the target language text fragment 110 is indicated by block 113 in
In one illustrative embodiment, models 112 and 114 are statistical models that are trained using parallel sentence pairs of English source sentences and Japanese translations.
The phrase-level dependency structures are created by first tagging the sentence using an automatic tagger with a set of POS tags, and using the POS tags to parse the words into phrases (or bunsetsus). The phrase-level dependency structure is constructed by performing a breath-first traversal of the word dependency structure projected from English. The phrase-level dependencies are indicated by the bold arcs 125 in
In one illustrative embodiment, models 112 and 114 are log-linear models that are trained to predict a case marker for each bunsetsu given a set of features which are described below. Log-linear models produce probability distributions which can be used for an easy integration with a statistical machine translation system. Of course, other models could be used as well.
In one illustrative embodiment, models 112 and 114 assign a probability distribution over case marker assignments given a source (English) sentence, all non-case marker words of a candidate (Japanese) translation, and additional annotation information. In one embodiment, monolingual models 112 are generated that do not use any information from the source text fragment (i.e., the English sentence). Bilingual models 114 use information from the source and target text fragment or only from the source text fragment. Of course, models 112 and 114 can be combined into a single model (represented by line 115) in
In addition, various feature combinations for the models can be used as well. The features shown in Table 3 are features for a phrase, for its parent phrase, and for their relations as well as word n-gram-based features. Also, a direction feature (with values left and right) and an alternative parent feature are shown. The alternative parent feature indicates all words which are the parents of any word in the phrase, according to a word-based dependency tree, with the constraint that case markers cannot be alternative parents. This feature captures the information that is potentially lost in the process of building a phrase dependency structure from word dependency information in the target language.
It can be seen that the bottom half of Table 3 shows bilingual features (in this case, all are based on the source language text fragment) The features of the source sentence are obtained through word alignments. Features from the source words aligned to the head of the phrase, to the head of the parent phrase, or to any alternative parents, are created. If any word in the phrase is aligned to a preposition in the source language, the model can use that information as a feature as well.
In addition to word features and POS-features for aligned source words, the model also refers to the dependency between the phrase and its parent phrase in the English source. For instance, if the head of the Japanese phrase is aligned to a single word s1, and the head of its parent phrase is aligned to a single source word s2, then the relationship between s1 and s2 is extracted and subcategorization, direction, distance and number of sibling features are defined, in order to capture the grammatical relation in the source. This can be more reliable than in the projected target dependency structure.
It should be noted that where separate monolingual models 112 and bilingual models 114 are used, they will be trained using the monolingual and bilingual features shown in Table 3. In one embodiment, the monolingual models 112 are trained using the monolingual features and the bilingual models 114 are trained using both the monolingual and bilingual features, or using only the bilingual features. Of course, where the models are combined into a single model, that single model (represented by 115 in
Both the monolingual and bilingual features in Table 3 can be divided into word features (which are based only on word lemmas) and syntactic features (which use structural information such as POS tags and dependency links). In one embodiment, of course, models can be built with and without syntactic features. Therefore, in one embodiment, there are four different types of models: monolingual word models (that do not use syntactic information), monolingual syntactic models (which do use such information), bilingual word models and bilingual syntactic models. Given a source English sentence and its Japanese translation which does not include case markers, these models are used to predict all case markers in the Japanese sentence.
It should also be noted that modules 112 and 114 can include local models that predict case markers based on each phrase independently of case markers in other phrases. They could also, however, include joint models that predict case markers on a phrase based on case markers predicted on other phrases. Joint models can use features indicative of sequences of case markers on sister phrases, and repetitions of case markers predicted for sister phrases (phrases that modify a same head phrase). Other features, or different ones can be used.
Bilingual grammatical element prediction component 104 first receives the candidate target language text fragment either with no grammatical elements predicted, or with initial grammatical elements predicted by machine translation component 252 (it will be noted that if the initial grammatical elements are predicted, this can be used as a feature as well) along with the source language text fragment and additional annotations (such as semantic annotations), if any. This is received as the machine translation processed output 108 (shown in
Component 104 then applies both monolingual and bilingual models 112 and 114, respectively, (or the single model 115) to assign grammatical elements to the target language text fragment. This is indicated by block 204 in
Once the grammatical elements have been predicted and assigned, component 104 outputs the target language text fragment, along with the assigned grammatical elements. This is indicated by block 206 in
It is possible to integrate grammatical element prediction component 104 into the overall machine translation system 250 very tightly by, for example, using only local features and incorporating the probability distributions of the grammatical element prediction component 104 in phrase translation probabilities of machine translation 252. However, grammatical element prediction component 104 can also be used to re-rank the translation hypotheses generated by machine translation component 252. One advantage of the re-ranking approach is that it allows grammatical element prediction component 104 to use global information which would otherwise be difficult to integrate during the search for translation hypotheses. Since grammatical element prediction (such as case marking) decisions often reflect long-range dependencies, incorporating component 104 into re-ranking allows system 250 to use the knowledge of these long-range dependencies captured by system 104.
Re-ranking component 254 then uses the grammatical elements predicted by component 104 in re-ranking the translation hypotheses 258. This is indicated by block 284 in
In one illustrative embodiment, the baseline machine translation component 252 (without component 104) is based on a linear model that weighs the values of multiple feature functions. In one illustrative embodiment, the model uses a number of different feature functions, such as a phrase translation model, a target translation model, a word count model, and a phrase count model. The model assigning a score to each candidate translation has the form:
Where λj are the model parameters and fj(t) is the value of the feature function j on the translation candidate t. The model chooses, for each source sentence, the candidate translation that has the highest score. Thus, while re-ranking can be performed by a separate re-ranking component 254, it can also be performed simply by changing the baseline machine translation component 252 to add an additional feature function (i.e., the case assignment score) and to retrain the parameter values λj. In any case, the re-ranked hypotheses 260 are output. This is indicated by block 286 in
Component 252 first receives the source text fragment 256. This is indicated by block 300 in
In one illustrative embodiment, to expand the candidate set, for each translation hypothesis t in the n-best list of translation hypotheses 258 generated by machine translation component 252, case assignment variations of translation t are generated. It may be computationally expensive to consider all case assignment variations. Therefore, in accordance with one embodiment, only the top k case assignments generated by grammatical element prediction component 104 are considered, where 1≦k≦10. Thus, component 104 expands hypotheses 258 to include the top k case assignment variations for each translation t in the n-best list 258 output by machine translation component 252.
Once this expanded set of translation candidates 259 is generated, the expanded set of translation candidates 259 is re-scored and re-ranked by re-ranking component 254. This is indicated by block 306 in
In addition, in one illustrative embodiment, in re-scoring the expanded candidate set of hypotheses, several additional features are used. These features are aimed at better modeling the case assignment quality for the various translation hypotheses (i.e., the accuracy of the case assignments in the various translation hypotheses). Such features can include, for example, a word-for-word translation score in translating the source language text fragment (word-for-word) into the target language text fragment; a reverse word-for-word score (translating the target language text fragment into the source language text fragment); a binary feature with a value of 0 for original baseline system candidates and a value of 1 for newly generated candidates; a count of case markers that were changed from a value of NONE (meaning that no case was assigned to the phrase) to any other value relative to phrases in the original translation candidate; a count of case markers that were changed from any other value to NONE with respect to phrases in the original translation candidate; and a count of case markers changed from any non-NONE value to another non-NONE value with respect to the original translation candidate. The re-scored and re-ranked, expanded candidate set is then output as hypotheses 260.
It can thus be seen that in one embodiment both monolingual and bilingual features are incorporated into a grammatical element prediction component. Therefore, information from the source language text fragment is considered along with information from the target language text fragment, in predicting grammatical elements. In another embodiment, the grammatical element prediction component is incorporated into an end-to-end machine translation system. This not only helps to improve the machine translation system in selecting a correct hypothesis, but it also increases the fluency of the selected hypotheses by assigning proper grammatical elements.
The bilingual grammatical element predication component 104 can be stored by itself for use by the computing device shown in
Embodiments are operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with various embodiments include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, telephony systems, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
Embodiments may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Some embodiments are designed to be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules are located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
With reference to
Computer 410 typically includes a variety of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer 410 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by computer 410. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term �modulated data signal� means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media.
The system memory 430 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 431 and random access memory (RAM) 432. A basic input/output system 433 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 410, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 431. RAM 432 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 420. By way of example, and not limitation,
The computer 410 may also include other removable/non-removable volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,
The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in
A user may enter commands and information into the computer 410 through input devices such as a keyboard 462, a microphone 463, and a pointing device 461, such as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 420 through a user input interface 460 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 491 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 421 via an interface, such as a video interface 490. In addition to the monitor, computers may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers 497 and printer 496, which may be connected through an output peripheral interface 495.
The computer 410 is operated in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 480. The remote computer 480 may be a personal computer, a hand-held device, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 410. The logical connections depicted in
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 410 is connected to the LAN 471 through a network interface or adapter 470. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 410 typically includes a modem 472 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 473, such as the Internet. The modem 172, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 421 via the user input interface 460, or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 410, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation,
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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We are pleased to announce that, in December 2012, 34 girls graduated from secondary school thanks to the Girl Child Education Fund.
Latest Articles from
ICN Conference and CNR 19-23 June 2015 in Seoul.
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Fantastic Sams is a full-service salon for the whole family that sculpts wilted hair into a look-twice hot commodity. All cuts start with a soothing shampoo using Fantastic Sams' signature line of products. With today's deal, tired tresses will also be treated to a moisture-melding deep-conditioning treatment to seal in shine and undo dryness and damage from sandbox headstands. After stray strands are snipped away, the lush remaining locks are blown dry as hair is sculpted into an irresistibly manicured mane. Each of Fantastic Sams' confidence-renewal centers is staffed with follicle fanatics who will whisk worries away with precision and kindness.
New Orleans native Dr. Jonathan Weiler and his staff enhance natural beauty with cosmetic procedures and laser services that remove tattoos and unsightly veins. They also provide minimally invasive treatments that reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Established: 2013
Reservations/Appointments: Recommended
Handicap Accessible: Yes
Parking: Parking lot
Most popular service: Chiropractic adjustments
A wildly successful alternative to traditional day spas?its more than 250 locations blanket 36 states and eight countries?Planet Beach Spa is a futuristic relaxation station where state-of-the-art machines administer all the spa and tanning services. These friendly automatons sometimes replace familiar treatments, as in the Luminous facial, a light-based service that delivers blemish-busting results similar to those of a conventional facial. But other equipment maps out new spa territory entirely: the Hydro-Derma Fusion chamber moisturizes the whole body with nutrient-rich steam in order to offset the effects of a dry climate or a rear-end collision with a salt truck. The range of services include total skincare, wellness, weight management, relaxation and renewal treatments. Other machines whiten teeth, spray-tan skin, and massage muscles. Planet Beach operates on a gym-style membership system, meaning that members purchase packages or pay flat monthly rates. As members spend more time at the spa, they get to know the helpful assistants who are always on hand to demonstrate how to use the equipment without activating its ability to cry.
Ms. Prissy Princess abides by the rule that "every girl deserves to be pampered," making it a go-to destination for kids in need of some TLC and age-appropriate glamour. Girls can indulge in mini manicures or opt for an edible facial complete with tasty face cream, cucumbers for their eyes, and ranch dressing to complete the snack. These à la carte services can be combined into onsite or mobile party packages that treat groups to themed celebrations, such as the Spa Retreat party, which dresses guests up in terry-cloth robes and head wraps, or the Rock Star Diva, which decorates fingers and toes with glittery nail polish.
Renew Day Spa houses a team of massage therapists and aestheticians that fawns over patrons throughout each massage and facial in a cornucopia of rejuvenating services. The staff focuses on building a clientele not by relying on grandiose d?cor but by establishing long-term relationships with customers. In addition to a lenient six-hour cancellation policy, Renew Day Spa promises a calm environment untouched by the noisy sound of cellphone/pager courtship rituals.


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Swiss Bishop Marian Eleganti delighted the crowd by picking up his guitar and joining the band at the annual International Youth Prayer Festival in Medjugorje, July 31-August 6, 2014.Crown of Stars, a British blog which promotes the messages of Medjugorje, has the story: The 58-year-old Benedictine, who is auxiliary bishop of Chur in Switzerland, joined the orchestra and choir on the final day of the week-long event that attracts tens of thousands of young people and families from around … [Read more...]
Bishop Strums the Guitar at Medjugorje
August 7, 2014 by
Pope Francis: "Don't Squander the Treasure of Youth!"
February 28, 2014 by
"It is worth following the example Jesus Christ gives us--an example of commitment, of service, of selfless love, of the struggle for justice and truth." This is the message from Pope Francis this morning to members of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, who had just concluded their plenary session; but it is a message for all of us, as well. The Commission had focused in its sessions on the millions of young people in Latin America and the Caribbean "who live in conditions of 'ed … [Read more...]


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South Slopes PrecinctTalk0
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Revision as of 22:19, May 22, 2013 by Mikey Klebbitz (Talk | contribs)
The South Slopes police station is the police station the player will be sent to if they are arrested in the Downtown area. The player, depending on the crime commited, will spend a certain amount of hours behind bars like any other precinct in the game. The precinct patrols one of the most dangerous neighborhoods in Liberty City. It also patrols downtown, and Rotterdam Hill thus meaning that Firefly Projects might be based off of Gowanus projects since they are patrolled by the 78th precinct.


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Dead Island Console Patch
Dead Island patch for PS3 and Xbox 360 arrives this week
Deep Silver has announced Dead Island will be patched this week, starting first with the PS3 on Wednesday, November 9 and the Xbox 360 version seeing and update the following day. The fixes, listed below the break, are already available for the PC version. Huzzah! Now we can get back to killing more zombies. Blasted […]1


text:
Attorney losing his license for 4 months
TORRINGTON — Local criminal defense attorney Ira S. Mayo will lose his license to practice law for four months beginning Oct. 1 for violating the conditions of a previous suspension imposed for suggesting that a female client "work off" legal fees.
When he returns to practice Feb. 1, Mayo will not be allowed to represent women, according to state bar imposing the punishment.
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big time 101 wrote on Aug 6, 2014 7:15 AM:
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" The real question here is: what is wrong with the Office of Chief Disciplinary Counsel? Are they afraid to disbar Attorney Mayo? He says he didn't understand the conditions - it appears that he doesn't understand a lot of things. This is disgusting all the way around. "
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Unlisted Brand • Technic Concealer Stick with Tea Tree Oil • Concealers
(2 reviews)
|Average Rating.
|Would buy this product again.
snucci on 3/26/2013 4:16:00 PM more reviews by snucci
Age: 44-55 Skin: Combination, Fair Hair: Red Eyes: Brown
I bought the light colour and it blends with my skin very well. It has a smooth consistency that I like and glides on very well. Covers my under eye circles well and doesn't have to be rubbed in too much. A nice cheap little find.
Was this review helpful to you? Yes No
*TOP REVIEWER* RosePeacock on 10/5/2012 7:50:00 AM more reviews by RosePeacock
Age: 19-24 Skin: Oily, Fair, Cool Hair: Blond, Wavy, Coarse Eyes: Green
Yep this is a dirt cheap brand that you can find in Bodycare or maybe makeup stalls in indoor markets for £1 and change. It's definitely not fancy but it works quite well on my dark circles. I've got it in the shade 'Light' which is far too peachy for the rest of my face, but for the under eye area it's okay. Even though it has Tea Tree oil in it, which I probably shouldn't be putting near my eyes, it doesn't irritate them. I don't think I'd buy more from this brand (Hmm perhaps maybe nail polish?) as it doesn't really appeal to me, but I'm planning on getting some use from this concealer.
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By Terry Touch-Expert42 reviews


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This sneaked up on me!
Well, I have been JUDDDing for about 6 weeks now, and I have to admit I have had a difficult time finding my "groove." My sweet DH LOVES to go out to eat, even if just for a quick bowl of soup. We are empty-nesters (thank you, Lord!) and neither one of us likes to cook much anymore. Seems like there is no way to do that without the resulting REAL issue......Neither one of us likes to clean up the kitchen after a meal! Anyway, I digress.....
So I have lost about 3 pounds total, not where I would have hoped to be after 6 weeks. I have been a solid size 14 for about 4 years, occasionally losing a little and trying on size 12 jeans to no avail.
Well, yesterday we dressed and went to runs some errands. I noticed my jeans felt a little more snug than usual, but were not uncomfortable. I thought, "Oh, great! I am going in the opposite direction!" I even asked DH if my jeans looked too tight, and he said not at all. I have to comment here that I am NOT a fan of wearing the latest trend of tight jeans, preferring mine a little on the loose side.
So after lunch, we were in a store, and I went to the restroom. I thought.....SURELY I did not put on the size 12s by mistake!! :doh: You guessed it!! They were my size 12s!! And they were comfortable, except for the closer fit that is just not my favorite.
I guess I AM making progress even though the scale is creeping! Yay! :jumpjoy:
Thanks to EVERYONE who posts your ups and downs, along with menu ideas and recipes! :shake:
:cool: Don'tcha just love it when that happens!?:hyst:
YAY Laura! The pants don't lie! They may sneak onto you without you're knowing it, but they don't lie!:jumpjoy:
Laura, I LOVE that!! :jumpjoy: JUDDD is sneaky that way.
Congratulations on the empty nest.
My husband would never answer a clothing related question - if I asked him if my pants were tight, he'd get that 'deer in the headlights' look and go mute for the next thirty minutes :confused: Your DH gave the correct answer :up:
yay pants
and yay IF because even when the pounds aren't showing as a big loss the inches keep moving
Nice moment Laura. You are doing something right, and only dieting half the time.
The pants don't lie.
Thank you all so much! I was thrilled when I realized I had on the 12s!! I came out of the restroom and told DH, "Guess what? I know why my pants fit trimmer! These are my 12s!" He was surprised too. He really is a very rare hubby. He is always very complimentary to me and loves to buy me clothes, etc. And that is after 36 years!!
I am like so many of you and FINALLY feel like I have a WOE I can stick with!!
I have been judding for over 2 months now and have only lost 3 or 4 pound. I like you have about 20 i would like to lose and i just figure its gonna be slow. People who are overweight will have these huge losses some weeks.. and it can make half a pound a week look teeny-tiny. But even with these 'teeny-tiny' losses, i too am noticing my clothing fits better(and in all the right places too!) My legs and waist are shrinking but my bo obs are staying the same(yay!) So for now just think whats more important ... if you weighed 400 pound, yet looked like say jennifer aniston would you care about what your scale was saying? Enjoy the new perks my friend, enjoy those pants, soon enough you may be saying goodbye to them ;)
Way to go!!!!!!! now that's the kind of surprise we ALL love!
Happy day!:):heart:
Congrats & very inspiring! You & your DH sound so cute :heart:
Congratulations! And, as someone on this forum once said:
The pants don't lie!!
Congratulations!! :clap:
Thanks everyone!
|All times are GMT -7. The time now is 12:59 AM.


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StarCraft News
Giveaway contest: Want to win a Reynad, Rdu or Ekop signed saltshaker? Here's how!
Enter the contest to win an exclusive, player-signed saltshaker!27
GosuGamers now supports Douyu TV streams
Today, GosuGamers takes another step towards a truly global eSports experience. Through the cooperation with our friends at Douyu TV, our readers will now be able to watch their favorite Chinese teams and personalities right from our pages.40
Google-Twitch deal reportedly finalized?
Google's deal to buy Twitch has reportedly been finalized as the internet giant gets ready to acquire the popular livestreaming platform under its wings for a whopping $1 billion.36
Newly-launched WECG aims to resurrect the spirit of eSports olympics
The official press release of World e-Sports Championship Games speaks of a project that is to pick up from where the World Cyber Games left off and continue the traditions of the multi-national, multi-discipline event.3
GosuGamers Hearthstone section officially opened!
After weeks of preparation and coding, the Hearthstone section of GosuGamers is finally here, with a plethora of features to make covering the full scope of the game easy for both readers and writers.14
WCG closes doors after 14 years
According to CEO Brad Lee, the World Cyber Games will cease operations effective 2014. This announcement comes 14 years after the first event was held in 2000 in Yongin, South Korea.27
Hearthstone is in open beta! We ask you: Which class do you fancy the most?
Since this week, everyone who wants to test Blizzard's free to play card game Hearthstone is allowed to do so as the game is now in open beta. Curious to see how our community likes the game we ask you: "Which Hearthstone class do you fancy the most?"21
Gom to host Global Championship and BroodWar Invitational in 2014
The itinerary of the Korean tournament organizer shows three more events in addition to the three GSL season: a BroodWar tournament, a Global Championship and another Hot6ix Cup.0
BroodWar stars gather for the $10,000 Sonic Proleague
Players like Bisu, Jangbi, Hiya, Shuttle, Great, Mini, Sea and Pusan have formed teams to participate in a Proleague tournament organized by Sonic. If the league truly becomes a reality, it is scheduled to start November 10th.1
DreamHack partners with MTG for eSports studio in Stockholm
The Swedish eSports company and MTGx of the international media group "Modern Times Group" will cooperate to build an eSports studio in the Swedish capital, gunning for "7 days a week, 365 days a year" broadcast.7
We want your stories
Have you ever been an eSports volunteer? Are you currently working with any eSports organization? We want to hear from you.18
$75 Defiler.ru Tour #57
Fifty-seventh defiler tour is on it's way. See the details inside on how you can grab $75 on this upcoming Sunday.
GosuGamers - recent changes
GosuGamers got a face lift last week and since then we've already made some changes. The site will keep improving and adding features, keep track of the changes by reading the change log.22
Gambit's Cup #3: Playoffs kicking off tomorrow
Third edition of the Gambit's Cup is slowly coming to its end. After the long second part of the season, we are going into to playoffs, into the second finalist decider between LRM) and Russian powerhouse iFU.0
TLS Qualifier #3 and #4 this weekend
The third and fourth qualifiers of TLS2 will be played this weekend, starting on Saturday at 18:15 CEST. The games will be broadcasted on Team Liquid's official channel by Sayle.
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