text:
Massage device (10) comprising head (12), which 76 defines cavity (8) and an opening to cavity (8). Head (12) has one or more contact surfaces and post (32) connected to head (12). Post (32) is positioned within cavity (8) and extends toward the opening. Post (32) also has one or more contact surfaces. Vacuum source (49) communicating with cavity (8) provides a means for creating negative pressure with cavity (8). Additionally, a method and system for performing abrasion on a surface, such as on the skin 74 of a patient, is disclosed. The dermabrasion apparatus includes means for delivering and retrieving material to and from a selected site to be abraded, a delivery and retrieval hand piece, an abrasive handling device, and a waste retrieval holding device. Hand piece (118) is coupled to the abrasive handling device as well as the waste retrieval holding device, which is further coupled to the delivery and retrieval means.
1. An abrasion and massage apparatus for use on a patient, the apparatus comprising:
a vacuum generator;
a massage head coupled to the vacuum generator, the massage head in combination with the vacuum generator comprising:
means for generating an area of negative pressure along a dermal surface of the patient; and
means for applying positive pressure to the patient's skin that is undergoing the negative pressure; and
a dermabrasion system comprising:
a dermabrasion hand piece coupled to the vacuum generator and configured to deliver an abrasive material;
an abrasive material supply device;
a receiving channel coupled to the supply device;
a feeding chamber coupled to the receiving channel;
a delivery channel coupled to the feeding chamber and to the dermabrasion hand piece; and
a waste retrieval holding device, coupled to the dermabrasion hand piece, to collect and store the delivered abrasive material and waste debris after treatment.
2. The apparatus according to
3. The apparatus according to
4. The apparatus according to
5. The apparatus according to
6. The apparatus according to
7. The apparatus according to
8. The apparatus according to
9. The apparatus according to
10. A dermal abrasion and massage apparatus comprising:
a vacuum generator configured for use in dermal abrasion and massage of a patient, the vacuum generator coupled to:
a dermabrasion hand piece of a dermal abrasion system, the dermal abrasion system further comprising:
a feeding chamber that has a generally funnel-shaped portion that receives an abrasive material from a source for use in the dermal abrasion;
a receiving channel that limits the amount of abrasive material supplied to the feeding chamber;
an intake aperture, connected to a base of the feeding chamber to receive means for displacing the abrasive material in a substantially vertical direction; and
a delivery channel, placed above the feeding chamber to receive the displaced abrasive, and coupled to the dermabrasion hand piece; and
a massage head of a massage system, the massage head defining a cavity and an opening to the cavity, wherein the massage system is configured to create a negative pressure within the cavity, wherein the massage head includes a first contact surface to the patient, and wherein the massage system further includes a post coupled to the massage head and positioned within the cavity, the post being static relative to the massage head during massage and having a second contact surface to the patient.
11. The apparatus according to
12. The apparatus according to
13. The apparatus according to
14. The apparatus according to
15. The apparatus according to
16. The apparatus according to
17. The apparatus according to
18. A dermabrasion and massage apparatus comprising:
a vacuum generator;
a massage head defining a cavity and coupled to the vacuum generator, wherein the massage head in combination with the vacuum generator is configured to provide an effleurage-like massage; and
dermabrasion system comprising (i) a dermabrasion hand piece coupled to the vacuum generator and configured to deliver an abrasive material, (ii) an abrasive material supply device, (iii) a receiving channel coupled to the supply device, (iv) a feeding chamber coupled to the receiving channel, (v) a delivery channel coupled to the feeding chamber and to the dermabrasion hand piece, and (vi) a waste debris receiving device coupled to the dermabrasion hand piece and to the vacuum generator to collect and store waste debris and the delivered abrasive material after treatment.
19. The dermabrasion and massage apparatus according to
20. The dermabrasion and massage apparatus according to
21. The dermabrasion and massage apparatus according to
22. The dermabrasion and massage apparatus according to
23. The dermabrasion and massage apparatus according to
24. The dermabrasion and massage apparatus according to
25. The dermabrasion and massage apparatus according to
26. The dermabrasion and massage apparatus according to
27. The dermabrasion and massage apparatus according to
28. A dermabrasion and massage device, the device comprising:
a vacuum generator configured to collect waste debris and to provide a negative pressure that is used in providing a massage;
a massage head of a massage system that includes the vacuum generator, the massage head defining a cavity and an opening to the cavity, wherein the massage system is configured to create a negative pressure within the cavity that is used in providing the massage;
a dermabrasion hand piece of a dermal abrasion system that includes the vacuum generator, the dermal abrasion system further comprising:
a feeding chamber that has a generally funnel-shaped portion that receives an abrasive material from a source for use in the dermal abrasion;
a receiving channel that limits the amount of abrasive material supplied to the feeding chamber;
an intake aperture, connected to a base of the feeding chamber to receive means for displacing the abrasive material in a substantially vertical direction;
a delivery channel, placed above the feeding chamber to receive the displaced abrasive, and coupled to the dermabrasion hand piece;
a waste can receiver coupled to the dermabrasion hand piece;
a waste canister removably coupled to the waste can receiver at an open end of the waste canister; and
a filter disposed between the waste can receiver and the waste canister such that an intake port of the dermabrasion system passes through the filter and the filter prevents waste debris from exiting the waste canister through a return port.
29. The device according to
30. The device according to
31. The device according to
32. The device according to
33. The device according to
34. An apparatus for selectively performing dermabrasion or massaging, comprising:
a vacuum generator;
a massage device, coupled to and operable by the vacuum generator, comprising:
a massage head; and
a handle, coupled to the massage head; and
a dermabrasion device, coupled to and operable by the vacuum generator, comprising:
a dermabrasion hand piece for delivery and retrieval of an abrasive material;
an abrasive material source device;
a dermabrasive handling device, coupled to the source device and to the hand piece; and
a waste debris receiving device, coupled to the hand piece, to collect and store waste debris and the delivered abrasive material after treatment.
35. The apparatus according to
36. The apparatus according to
37. The apparatus according to
38. The apparatus according to
39. The apparatus claimed in
40. The apparatus as claimed in
41. A method for treating a skin surface comprising:
actuating a vacuum generator to selectively operate (i) a massage system, and (ii) a dermabrasion system;
using the vacuum generator in combination with the massage system to deliver a deep tissue massage on a patient across a section of the patient's skin; and
using the vacuum generator in combination with the dermabrasion system to deliver a dermabrasion treatment across the section of the patient's skin.
42. The method for treating a skin surface according to
using the vacuum generator in combination with a massage head to generate an area of negative pressure on the patient's skin surface, the area of negative pressure defined by a perimeter of positive pressure; and
applying a second positive pressure radially interior to the perimeter.
43. The method for treating a skin surface according to
drawing abrasive material from the dermabrasion system to abrade the skin surface; and
using negative pressure from the vacuum generator to collect the drawn abrasive material and abraded skin debris to a refuse container.
This is a 371 of PCT/US00/13085 filed May 11, 2000, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 09/309,958 filed May 11, 1999, now abandoned, and is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 09/514,531 filed Feb. 28, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,582,422.
This invention relates to massage devices and methods and, more particularly, to novel apparatus and methods for use in providing aesthetic massages. Further still, the present invention relates generally to abrasion systems and methods for abrading a surface in a controlled manner and, more particularly, to a portable or adaptable microabrasion system that operates to perform dermabrasion in a controlled manner with improved efficiency, hygiene, and finish. The present invention also relates to a system and method that integrates both types of treatment in one convenient apparatus.
In the health and beauty industry there has been a great deal of interest in the use of massage and body contouring treatments for their therapeutic and cosmetic value. Massage and body contouring can provide such benefits as the increase of local blood circulation, and relief of minor muscle aches and pains. It has also been reported that such treatments may aid in reducing the appearance of cellulite, smoothing the skin and reducing girth. Moreover, patients find massage and body contouring treatments to be relaxing.
Traditionally massages are given by hand, usually by a masseuse who has received extensive training in various hand massage techniques. One technique known as petrissage is described as kneading, or lifting and rolling of the skin. For example, to perform the petrissage technique, the skin and surface muscles of the person receiving the massage can be gently grasped between the thumb and fingers with a pinching-like motion. Petrissage is reported as being stimulating to muscles and to circulation of the deeper blood vessels and lymphatics. Another hand massage technique called effleurage is described as a long, gliding or stroking, movement on the surface of the skin, often using, the entire, flat surface of the hand to stroke the skin. Effleurage is a soothing technique and is reported as increasing circulation and relaxation in patients. Other massage techniques include friction, tapotement, and vibration.
Massage treatments given by hand can be costly for the patient and tiring for the masseuse. In addition, manual manipulations are not typically capable of sustained massage of deep subdermal tissue layers. In an attempt to reduce the expense and effort required for hand massage, various mechanical massage and body contouring devices have been developed. These massage and body contouring devices imitate, to some degree, the manipulation of the skin, the direction or pattern of that manipulation and the pressure applied to the skin associated with various hand massage techniques. Thus, the aim of many massage and body contouring devices is to provide a patient with the same or similar type of massage as can be received by hand while reducing cost to the person receiving the treatment and reducing, the training and effort required of the person giving the treatment.
Prior art massage and body contouring devices employ various means for simulating massage techniques. For example, prior art devices attempt to simulate the kneading or lifting and rolling, of the skin experienced when a petrissage technique is used. Some of these prior art devices use a vacuum means for lifting the skin. Other prior art devices use various types of rollers to lift and knead the skin. The rollers are generally cylindrical in shape and may also be combined with other mechanical or vacuum means for lifting the skin. Other devices employ motorized or mechanically activated rollers which squeeze skin between the rollers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,729,368 to Guitay discloses an apparatus for massaging the human body comprising in part �two parallel active rollers, preferably driven in rotation by a motor,� the rollers are �mounted inside a manually operated housing.�
U.S. Pat. No. 3,841,323 to Stoughton discloses a �massage apparatus by which pulsating air suction is applied to any selected area of the human body so as to stimulate circulation of the blood. The apparatus includes a bellows which is coupled to a suction cup through an elongated flexible tube.�
U.S. Pat. No. 3,841,322 to Spelio discloses �a variable pulsating vacuum device to transmit rhythmic suction-relaxation manipulative action through tubing to applicators in contact with the facial and neck tissue.�
In PCT international application No. PCT/FR95/00890, Guitay discloses a �massaging apparatus intending to perform massage treatments through an action of suction and mobilization of the skin tissue. It is comprised of parallel rollers . . . mounted inside a casing . . . and between which is created a depression when the apparatus is applied against the patient's body.�
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,053, Jacobs discloses �an endermology body massager having at least two rollers spaced from each other in a parallel configuration. The rollers rotate in the same direction and are rotatably mounted movable axes. A vacuum source is connected to the chamber that houses the rollers.�
U.S. Pat. No. 5,215,078 to Fulop discloses �a massager [which] includes an electric motor driven eccentric cam . . . in a housing . . . A moving member . . . is slidably mounted on the housing and is driven by the eccentric cam in a reciprocating, translatory motion relative to the housing.�
Using a roller as a lifting or petrissage element in a body contouring or massage device as disclosed in some of the prior art above can be disadvantageous in that use of rollers increases the manufacturing cost of the device and complicates assembly of the device. Cost and complexity of manufacturing are especially increased for devices employing rollers which are motorized or otherwise mechanically activated. Similarly, maintenance and repair of devices with rollers can increase the overall cost to the purchaser. Devices with moving parts may require regular replacement of the moving parts which malfunction or wear out. Moreover, motorized and mechanized roller devices can be difficult to clean and may require partial disassembly to clean. Some rollers also limit the direction and movement of the device along the skin of the patient, restricting movement of the device to substantially forward and backward movements. In this way, roller devices limit the types of treatments that can be offered using the device and may prove difficult to use.
It has been found that there is discomfort related to prior art designs of massage and body contouring devices. For example, in devices using rollers, the patient's skin may be pinched. As the roller moves along the surface of the skin, the skin can be drawn up along the roller and get caught in the space between the roller and the housing of the device. Where the lifting action of the skin is increased by motorized or mechanically activated rollers or by a vacuum source, the patient's discomfort from pinching may increase. The design of the housing of the device may increase a patient's chances of uncomfortable contact with sharp edges or corners of the housing, such as with a square or angular shaped device. In devices using vacuum suction to lift the skin, if the portion of the device which contacts the patient's skin to create the vacuum seal has sharp edges, the vacuum suction may cause the skin to be pinched along the area of the seal. This is particularly the case when the vacuum suction becomes too strong, and there is no safety release valve to reduce the suction. A patient's skin may also be irritated by the device where the device comes into direct contact with the skin.
Microdermabrasion techniques and systems are also well known to those skilled in the art. A typical dermabrasion system includes a pneumatic drive, such as either a negative pressure system or a positive pressure system, that delivers an ablative material from a supply point to a hand piece, also known as a wand, which has a small aperture to be placed upon a patient's skin during the abrasion process. In the negative pressure system, such as one utilizing a vacuum for pneumatic drive, the closing of the aperture by the skin completes the pneumatic circuit drawing the abrasive material to the skin to perform dermabrasion. The refuse and debris after the abrasive procedure is vacuumed away into a waste storage container for disposal.
Each stage of operation within current dermabrasion systems suffer problems that prevent optimal and efficient operation on a subject or patient. One problem is the handling of the abrasive material at the supply point. Typical supply points utilize abrasive supply containers that are permanently mounted and must be refilled when empty. These containers are usually difficult to access and lead to waste and unnecessary exposure to the abrasive material during filling. Further, due to the dynamics of the content level changing, the systems fail to deliver consistent amounts of abrasive material from the supply containers to the hand piece. As such, the results of the abrasive operation are inconsistent and vary in the length of time normally needed to perform a typical procedure/session. As the container goes from full to empty, performance can suffer severely, with as much as a 75 percent reduction in abrasive concentration in the air stream. Additionally, few, if any, systems are able to utilize all the contents of the supply container before needing refilling.
An additional problem with current supply containers is that they draw upon ambient air. Ambient air is often humid and the moisture therein causes the moisture-sensitive abrasive to agglomerate and subsequently clog the system. This is especially a problem in that most systems utilize a small output aperture that clogs easily, particularly when the abrasive material becomes damp with humidity, leading to clumping and clogging and generally inconsistent delivery of abrasive. Often, the existing systems are induced to employ mechanical or pneumatic means, such as spring-loaded rods or compressed air, to periodically clear the restricted output aperture.
Another part of the abrasive delivery system is an abrasive/concentration control system. Most systems lack such a control system. The control system's purpose is to control the amount of abrasive delivered to the hand piece during operation. Some systems utilize an electronic control that causes pulses resulting in pressure surges and non-uniform delivery of the abrasive. Other systems utilize control systems that are difficult to adjust, hard to reset and fail to provide repeatable consistent results for subsequent treatments.
The hand piece is a critical component of any dermabrasion system. Hand pieces suffer several problems. One problem is that the apertures tend to restrict the flow of the abrasive material to the skin as well as hinder removal of the abraded material and the abrasive during the abrasion procedure. Further, the dermabrasion procedure involves removal of skin and sometimes blood, so there is concern that the use of the same wand from patient to patient is unsanitary and unhealthy. Attempts to make the hand piece more hygienic by having disposable and replaceable wand tips has been unsuccessful as the tips merely prevent contamination at the aperture level without addressing a problem known as back contamination, which occurs when refuse debris within the wand from a previous procedure contaminates the wand tip in spite of the replacement of a fresh tip.
Further, some hand pieces are designed without thought about how the hand piece is to be cleaned. As such, these pieces are difficult to clean and therefore, undesirable for long term use. Also, most hand pieces are expensive to manufacture. They can be heavy and awkward to use, such that the technician suffers discomfort and fatigue during long sessions or over several sessions during the same day. Since the piece needs to be small enough to handle, they often have restricted flow paths that detrimentally affect flow rate and delivery of the abrasive for optimal results and for quick pick up of the waste debris.
Another element of the dermabrasion system includes a waste recovery or accumulation container system. Most systems are permanently mounted and are difficult to access, empty, and clean. The containers collect abrasive dust along with skin cells, and bodily fluids, which may contain microbes or other undesirable elements. As such, the containers must be emptied and cleaned periodically. Failure to clean the container can result in unwanted growths and other hazardous health risks that should be avoided at all times.
The waste accumulation systems often have small exhaust apertures that can easily clog with waste products resulting in restricted air flow within the overall system. Moreover, filter elements are also employed to prevent abrasive and debris out flow into the vacuum source. Such filters are a major source of clogging and reduction of optimal air flow within the entire system, thereby leading to poor dermabrasion results since less abrasive material is being carried within the system at a reduced speed. Similar to the supply system, one solution has been to use back pressure to clear and clean the filters or unplug the clogs in the waste accumulation system, but this adds cost and complexity to the overall design, which can result in mechanical failure, decreased abrasion performance, and increased costs of production and operation.
Accordingly, what is needed is a dermabrasion system and method that overcomes the problems of the prior art. Specifically, what is needed is a dermabrasion system that controls the dispersion of the abrasive material over the entire range of operation uniformly and consistently over the prior art methods. Further, what is needed is a method and system for handling the abrasive material prior to the ablative operation and afterwards during the collection of the contaminated materials. Further still, what is needed is a hand piece that is lightweight and easily cleaned to meet high health safety standards, yet allows for high air flow.
It is reported that the size of fat cells in superficial adipose layers can be affected through external massage. Specifically it is reported that vasodilation in combination with physical force upon a fat cell can remove volume from the fat cell into lymphatic and venous channels, creating a chance to eliminate this volume from the body through the kidneys or to bum it by exercise. The present invention may provide a mechanical means for creating an environment into which the volume of fat cells and superficial adipose layers may be reduced using positive and negative pressure on the skin above the superficial adipose layer.
The present invention provides a means for applying positive and negative pressure on the skin. More specifically, the present invention provides a means for applying positive pressure on an area of skin undergoing negative pressure. As used herein, the term �skin� refers primarily to the epidermis and dermia but may include other deeper dermal and nondermal tissues and associated structures. The device also includes a kneading, or petrissage element and a stroking or effleurage element.
Generally, the device comprises a head, a post and a handle. The head being substantially spherical or semi-spherical and defining a broad, substantially flat rim and a concave cavity with an opening.
Extending from the wall of the concave cavity toward the opening is a post. The post is connected to the head but a portion of the post is free. The free portion of the post extends toward the rim and may be slightly recessed within the cavity. The free portion provides a skin contact surface. The post may be substantially cylindrical, the cylindrical post being connected to the head at one end of the cylinder and having a skin contact surface on the other end. The contact surface can be substantially flat and/or fixed, a fixed contact surface being one that does not move relative to the post or head. The rim, as defined by the head, also has a contact surface which can be substantially flat and/or fixed. The head defines an orifice leading from the cavity to the vacuum source.
The handle is connected to the head at one end of the handle. The handle defines an internal conduit running lengthwise inside the handle, the conduit having two open ends. On one open end of the conduit, the conduit opens into the orifice defined by the head; the second open end of the conduit is connected to the vacuum source.
The head includes an outer or peripheral effleurage element and the post includes an inner or central effleurage element, the outer element being externally and radially outward from the internal effleurage element.
The vacuum source has a bleed-off valve in order to avoid subjecting a patient to excessive vacuum pressure. A barrier between the skin and the device is used to reduce or prevent possible irritation from contact of the device with a patient's skin and to allow the device to move more freely along the skin.
Also according to the present invention, a method and system for performing abrasion on a surface, such as on the skin of a patient, are disclosed. The dermabrasion apparatus includes means for delivering and retrieving material to and from a selected site to be abraded, a delivery and retrieval hand piece, an abrasive handling device, and a waste retrieval holding device. The hand piece is coupled to the abrasive handling device as well as the waste retrieval holding device, which is further coupled to the delivery and retrieval means. The abrasive handling device further includes an abrasive supply device, a receiving channel, a feeding chamber, and a delivery channel. The abrasive supply device typically is a canister fitted with a funnel-shaped spout that is inverted into the receiving channel. The receiving channel feeds abrasive to the feeding chamber. The delivery and retrieval means, typically a vacuum source that generates a pneumatic air supply within the abrasion apparatus, causes the abrasive within the feeding chamber to loft in an arc such that it reaches the delivery channel. The abrasive travels through the delivery channel under pressure to the hand piece, which is utilized to apply the abrasive to the surface and then retrieve the waste debris from the procedure. The abrasion apparatus may also include a massage or body contouring system, which also utilizes the vacuum source.
Further, the receiving channel extends within the feeding chamber and serves to limit or control the amount of abrasive filling the feeding chamber. The receiving chamber's height, relative to its location within the feeding chamber, can be adjusted by way of an height adjustment means. The feeding chamber typically comprises top and bottom portions as well as generally sloped side walls that slope inwardly from the top to the bottom. Such geometries lend themselves to the shapes including funnels, inverted pyramids, bowl shapes, and other geometries where the walls are sloped in such a fashion so that the abrasives accumulate in a concentrated point at the bottom. Placed between the supply device and the feeding channel is an additional chamber that provides for the abrasive to feed within the receiving channel without blocking the insertion of the funnel within the supply device. The feeding chamber is further coupled to an ambient air supply with a filter interspersed between ambient and the feeding chamber to prevent unwanted matter from being drawn within the apparatus as well as to prevent abrasive from spilling out an open aperture where the ambient port is located.
The dermabrasion hand piece comprises a body having a first end, a second end, a delivery channel, and a retrieval channel. The delivery channel extends the length of the body and the retrieval channel is concentric with the delivery channel, but has a larger diameter. A delivery aperture is located at the first end of the body. A retrieval aperture is placed adjacent and generally concentric with the delivery aperture. The delivery aperture is coupled to the delivery channel while the retrieval aperture is coupled to the retrieval channel. The dermabrasion hand piece further includes a dermabrasion tip that has a first end, which is removably mounted to the first end of the body, a second end, and a delivery aperture in the second end. The delivery aperture is generally concentric with the delivery channel and the delivery aperture. The tip is generally dome shaped and is made from a high density plastic or metal to withstand the abrading effects of the abrasive during operation. At the second end of the body are located an intake aperture and an outlet aperture. The intake aperture is concentric with the delivery channel while the outlet aperture is connected to the retrieval channel and is offset from the intake aperture.
The body may be further comprised of two portions, a body section and an end portion. Inserted between the end portion and the body portion is a hollow tube, which serves as the delivery channel. Further included in the hand piece is a nozzle that is placed at the first end of the body adjacent the delivery aperture. The nozzle has an opening for concentrating the abrasive as it passes through the nozzle. Further included is an optional nose tube, which is concentric with the delivery channel and the nozzle, and is placed adjacent the nozzle at the first end of the body. The tip mounts to the first end of the body and an anti-bleed seal is provided by an o-ring mounted on the first end of the body and engages with an inner-perimeter of the first end of the tip.
The waste debris collection device includes a waste can receiver, a waste canister, and a filter. The waste canister includes an intake port and return port. The intake port is coupled to the hand piece and the return port exits to ambient and includes a filter to prevent waste debris from being discharged to ambient. The waste canister typically is the same type of canister that is used initially to feed the abrasive to the feed chamber. The waste canister removably couples to the waste can receiver and a filter is fitted between the waste can receiver and the waste canister. The filter has a center intake port aperture in which the intake port passes, but the return path of the air drawn by vacuum passes through the filter, thus trapping the waste debris within the waste canister. A filter frame is used to support and retain the filter in position between the waste can receiver and the waste canister where the filter has substantially the same area as the opening of the waste canister. Pliable retention rings are used to secure the filter in place between the waste canister and the filter frame support.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a combined massage and dermabrasion unit are described that utilize the massage system as well as the dermabrasion system of above in a convenient to use system that utilize a common vacuum supply. Both the massage system and the dermabrasion system may be used in the same treatment session. The use of both systems in the same treatment session leads to a more rapid healing and rejuvenation of a patient's skin surface as the massage action encourages blood flow to the skin surface.
The foregoing and other features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, the invention will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings in which:
It will be readily understood that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the Figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of the apparatus and methods of the present invention, as represented in
The specific embodiments of the invention will be best understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout.
The present invention comprises a device and method for applying positive pressure to an area of skin undergoing negative pressure. Subjecting an area of skin to negative pressure allows blood and lymph vessels beneath the area of skin being treated to dilate. Positive pressure applied to a portion of the skin area undergoing negative pressure causes vessels to be constricted. In combination, the positive pressure applied to an area of skin undergoing negative pressure results in increasing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the skin, increasing venous and lymphatic drainage, and potentially disrupting fat cell membranes.
The device 10, shown in
In one embodiment, means for applying negative pressure to an area of skin is accomplished by creating negative pressure within cavity 8. Means for applying negative pressure to an area of skin comprises a head 12 defining a cavity 8. Head 12 is substantially semi-spherical, although it will be readily appreciated that other shapes may be used for head 12 consistent with the present invention. Cavity 8 is defined by a substantially concave inner wall 24 of head 12, as shown in
Means for applying positive pressure is also provided by device 10. Positive pressure, briefly described above, is a compression of or increase in the pressure on an area of skin. Positive pressure may be affected by directing a force along a vector which physically compresses the skin. The positive pressure may be provided by physical contact between the device and the skin. Likewise, increasing air pressure around a portion or area of skin can provide positive pressure.
More specifically, means for applying positive pressure to an area of skin undergoing negative pressure comprises a post 32. As depicted in the Figures herein, post 32 is substantially cylindrical in shape and has a substantially flat contact surface 34. However, post 32 may also have other shapes consistent with the present invention. Post 32 has a diameter 36 and a length 38. The length 38 is such that post 32 is slightly recessed within the cavity 8 defined by head 12 and rim 30. Post 32 is connected to head 12 and extends away from concave inner wall 24, connecting to the head 12 at approximately the apex or center 28 of the concave inner wall 24, as shown in
Handle 14 is connected to head 12 at one end and has an internal conduit 44 running longitudinally inside handle 14. The conduit inside handle 14 has a first open end and second open end. The first open end communicates with orifice 26. The second open end has means for attachment to a vacuum source 48. Handle 14 is preferably substantially cylindrical, having a length greater than its diameter and a circumference suitable for grasping by the user's hand. The surface of handle 14 may be grooved or otherwise have an ergonomic design. A vacuum source attachment means may be a vacuum hose adapter 46 or any suitable means of connecting conduit 44 to vacuum source 48.
Alternatively, handle 14 may be solid and orifice 26 may be connected to vacuum source 48 through a conduit 44 located outside handle 14. For example, conduit 44 may be a tube or conduit 44 communicating at a first open end of the tube with the vacuum source 48 and communicating at a second open end of the tube with orifice 26.
Using the device, an area of skin can be brought under negative pressure by bringing rim 30 into contact with the skin, sealing off opening 20 and creating a substantially air-tight seal between the skin and the rim 30. Rim 30 has a broad, substantially flat contact surface 31 allowing a broad seal with the skin. Negative pressure on the skin occurs as vacuum source 48 creates a pressure differential within the cavity 8. A substantially semi-spherical concave inner wall 24, assists in creating a generally uniform area of negative pressure. The absence of edges and corners along the concave inner wall 24 helps reduce uncomfortable contact between the skin and inner wall 24 and provides for a better seal with the skin. The broad, substantially flat contact surface 31 of rim 30 and the relatively long radii of curvature of the rounded edges along rim 30, as shown in
Generally, the device 10 is designed to have few edges. Specifically, rim 30 is designed to be substantially circular with rounded edges on either side of the broad, substantially flat contact surface. Similarly, post 32 is designed to be substantially circular with rounded edges adjoining the broad, substantially flat contact surface. A relatively long radius of curvature used in rounding edges increases the comfort to both patient and user and prevents uncomfortable contact with the device.
The device is functional with a post 32 that is not recessed within cavity 8, however, it is preferable that the post be recessed within cavity 8 creating a better seal between rim 30 and the surface of the skin. The improved seal allows for use of the vacuum at lower vacuum levels while maintaining an appropriate level of negative pressure within cavity 8.
Post 32 and rim 30 provide a positive pressure to the skin. Positive pressure to the area of skin undergoing negative pressure is achieved by post 32. Post 32 resists the negative pressure or lifting of the skin and places positive pressure on a portion of the skin undergoing negative pressure. Post 32 contacts skin which is inside the perimeter of the area undergoing negative pressure. Thus, when the device is in use and rim 30 creates a seal with the skin and thereby defines an area under negative pressure, rim 30 applies positive pressure the skin along the perimeter of the area under negative pressure and post 32 also applies positive pressure, the pressure from post 32 being, radially interior to the perimeter of the area under pressure. Negative pressure within the cavity 8 provides a creasing or lifting of the skin.
More than one post 32 is contemplated to be incorporated in the massage unit. Specifically, two or more posts can be provided in alternative embodiments to enhance the negative pressure desired in the present invention.
With negative and positive pressure applied to the skin, the device can be moved along the surface of the skin. The free movement of head 12 along, the skin is greatly enhanced by its substantially semi-spherical shape and by post 32. Rim 30 is substantially circular, and post 32 is substantially cylindrical allowing the device to be easily moved in any direction along the surface of the skin, without having to break contact with the skin or re-orient the device. For example, post 32 facilitates movement of the device by limiting the height to which skin is lifted in cavity 8, thereby limiting the resistance to movement that could otherwise result from the lifted skin and allowing the device to move without the use of rollers. In other words, the device 10 is not limited to generally back and forth movements, as are cylindrical roller devices, and device 10 can be moved along the surface of the skin in any number of directions and patterns. As illustrated graphically in
The positioning of post 32 radially interior to rim 30, with space between post 32 and rim 30 allows for an intermittent positive pressure and negative pressure effect on an area of skin as the head is moved along the surface of the skin. Referring to
Rim 30 has a broad, substantially flat contact surface 31 which provides a stroking or effleurage-like massaging technique as the device passes over the skin, as does the substantially flat, contact surface 34 of post 32. Negative pressure created in cavity 8 lifts the skin. Both the inner wall 24 and the edge of rim 30 in combination with post 32 knead the lifted skin as the device is moved along the skin. This provides a petrissage-like massage technique as the device passes over the skin.
The radially interior positioning of post 32 relative to rim 30 also provides for intermittent effleurage-and-petrissage type massaging. The substantially flat contact surface 31 of rim 32 provides initial effleurage-like or stroking massage as it passes over an area of skin. The area of skin is then lifted as it is exposed to the negative pressure in cavity 8. Post 32 kneads the lifted area of skin. The substantially flat contact surface 34 of post 32 then passes over a portion of the area of the skin giving the stroking, effleurage-like massage. The skin is released from beneath post 32 into cavity 8, where the skin is lifted and kneaded by the edge of rim 30 and inner wall 24 of cavity 8. Finally, the substantially flat contact surface 31 of rim 32 then provides a stroking, effleurage-like massage.
The positive pressure provided by both post 32 and rim 30 in combination with the negative pressure created within cavity 8 creates a unique and effective area of positive and negative pressure along the portion of skin immediately surrounding and beneath post 32. As explained above, post 32 provides a positive pressure which resists the negative pressure or lifting of the skin created by the suction in cavity 8. The cylindrical shape of post 32 within the semi-spherical cavity 8 allows the negative pressure within the cavity to pull or lift the skin beneath post 32 in multiple directions. In other words, skin located beneath post 32 is pulled in opposite directions by the suction created on all sides of cylindrical post 32 as shown in
In the disclosed embodiment, handle 14, head 12 and post 32 are a single unit, or in other words a single piece. The head piece is preferably manufactured of delron, though other plastics or materials could be used alternatively or in combination with delron. It is preferable that the device be made of a material that can be milled such as aluminum, brass, copper, steel, or other metals, or plastics, or similar materials or composites of such materials, so the device can be manufactured as a single unit, or in a single piece. Various sizes of the device can be constructed without changing the central features of the invention or complicating the invention by requiring redesign or miniature mechanization of elements of the invention. Milling also provides for a presently preferred finish.
In another embodiment, handle 14 and/or post 32 are releasably secured to head 12 as shown in
A barrier 50 shown in
The use of heat in conjunction with the device is contemplated. The heat source can be external, such as heat packs and heat lamps, or the heat can be integral with the device. In the one embodiment the device 10 is heated prior to use.
A vacuum source 48 creates a negative pressure in cavity 8. Vacuum source 48 may be any suitable vacuum source known in the art. Vacuum source 48 is capable of varying the vacuum at discrete negative levels, such as 10 discrete pressure levels between 2 inches and 15 inches mercury. Vacuum source 48 is also capable of providing pulsating negative pressure levels, that is, increasing and decreasing pressure between two desired pressure levels, such as between any two negative pressure levels between 2 inches and 15 inches Hg. The pressure levels are selected according to patient comfort and desired treatment. In one embodiment, vacuum source 48 is an electric motor driven vacuum pump.
In one embodiment, the vacuum source is a microprocessor controlled vacuum pump such as a Gast � horsepower high volume vacuum pump. The voltage requirements of the vacuum source are 120 volts, 60 hertz, 13 amps or alternatively 240 volts, 50 hertz, 9 amps. The vacuum source 48 communicates with the device 10 through a hose 72. In one embodiment, the hose dimensions are 1.27 cm by 244 cm, but may have alternative dimensions suitable to the device 10 and the vacuum source 48. The Gast vacuum pump has a maximum suction lift of 27 feet. The vacuum pump is calibrated to preset levels. Alternatively, the vacuum pump can be piston, rotary vane, diaphragm, linear, or any other vacuum pump technology known in the art.
Vacuum source 48 may communicate with orifice 26 of device 10 by means of a tube 72 in combination with a boom 74 as shown in
A bleed-off valve 76 is connected to vacuum source 48 to limit the amount of negative pressure which can be brought upon the skin within cavity 8. The bleed-off valve 76 is disposed between handle 14 and vacuum source 48. In the presently disclosed embodiment, the bleed-off valve opens at a pressure of about 17 to 18 inches of mercury. The bleed-off valve allows for the release of excess suction in the system, thereby preventing uncomfortable and potentially harmful pressure differences from occurring in the system. In this embodiment, the bleed-off valve has an operating pressure range of 18 to 20 psi. Exhaust time is approximately 1 second. The valve is preferably composed of stainless steel, or similar metals. The valve is disposed between the vacuum source 48 and the device 10. In one embodiment, the bleed-off valve is located within the housing 60 of a vacuum source 48. Bleed-off valves suitable for the purposes described are known in the art and readily available. Festo, Inc. is a manufacturer of one specific bleed-off valve contemplated within the present invention.
An abrasion system 110, which is optionally portable, is depicted in the block diagram of
Vacuum generator 112 also may be optionally coupled or decoupled from the remaining elements of the dermabrasion apparatus 110 and is not intended to be limited to only those dermabrasion systems that include self-contained pneumatic delivery systems. Further, since the dermabrasion apparatus 110 can utilize the vacuum generator 112 as disclosed in the cited patent application, it is possible to have both a dermabrasion apparatus and a massage or body contouring system.
Vacuum generator 112 couples to other elements within the system 110 via standard connection means. Vacuum generator 112 also vents to ambient during operation. A vacuum adjustment control 119 is provided with the generator to control the level of vacuum pressure generated thereby. The connection means can include metal or plastic tubing typically found in systems that are pneumatically operated.
The system 110 further includes an abrasive feed device 114 that couples to an abrasive supply canister 116 as well as to ambient. The ambient connection provides the needed air to deliver the abrasive from device 114 to the patient 120. A filter 117 is placed between the ambient source and feed device 114 to filter the incoming air supply as well as to prevent any abrasive within device 114 from exiting out the intake port from which ambient air is drawn. Both abrasive feed device 114 and abrasive supply canister 116 are shown in greater detail in
Abrasive feed device 114 further couples to a hand piece or wand 118, which is utilized to perform the dermabrasion on a patient or subject 120. The hand piece 118 provides both delivery of the abrasive material to the subject as well as retrieval of waste debris and abrasive during operation. This excess debris and material is deposited in waste collection device 122, which is also coupled to hand piece 118. A filter 124, such as another sintered or other suitable filter, serves to prevent any previously untrapped waste debris and abrasive from contaminating vacuum generator 112 or being vented to ambient, and is coupled between the waste collection canister 122 and vacuum generator 112. Waste collection or accumulation device 122 includes a filter (shown in
Apparatus 110 includes a flow meter 126 and an abrasive concentration controller 128. Flow meter 126 displays the airflow generated within apparatus 110 so that the technician operating apparatus 110 can determine whether the airflow is sufficient for the procedure. Furthermore, flow meter 126 can also be used as a diagnostic device to determine if air flow within the system has fallen below acceptable levels due to clogging or fouling of filters. Should the technician need to adjust the airflow, the technician utilizes the vacuum level controller 119, which in this case is shown mounted on the control face of external vacuum generator 112.
Additionally, it may be desirable to vary the amount of abrasive in the air stream depending upon the nature of the procedure being performed. Toward this, the operator utilizes abrasive concentration controller 128 to mix ambient air into the abrasive-laden air coming from feed device 114 and leading toward hand piece 118. Flow meter 126 is well known to those skilled in the art and may be placed anywhere within the system where clean air flow occurs, i.e. before feed device 114 or after filter 124. In this example, the flow meter and concentration controller are both located proximate the hand piece.
Abrasive concentration controller 128 can be selected from a variety of controllers. For example, in one embodiment, the controller 128 is an infinitely adjustable rotary type that goes from full open to full close. It is the level of openness that determines the abrasive concentration in the system. Full open, which couples the hand piece to ambient and bleeds air into the system effectively reduces abrasive concentration to zero such that no abrasive is being delivered but that air flow and vacuum pressure remains unchanged. Such a situation is advantageous for removing used abrasive and debris from the patient's skin, as is often desired at the end of a treatment. Conversely, full close maximizes abrasive concentration. A multi-position toggle switch may also be utilized that selects between full open, full close, or one or more levels in between.
Further still, both flow meter 126 and abrasive concentration controller 128 can be either manually adjustable or electrically or electronically adjustable, depending upon the types of gauge sensor and pressure adjustment means selected and implemented. Electronic control provides for greater precision in abrasive delivery and treatment consistency between treatment sessions.
A vacuum gauge 121 and vacuum pressure adjustment means 119 are found on vacuum generator 112 within apparatus 110. Gauge 121 and adjustment means 119 are well known in the art.
Once the funnel 130 is placed on abrasive canister device 116, it is inverted so that the abrasive material is gravity fed within a holding chamber 132, which has a shape conforming to that of funnel 130. A transition chamber 133 is positioned between holding chamber 132 and feed tube 134. An arrow pointing downward shows the gravity feed direction of the abrasive material found in canister 116. The abrasive continues its gravity fall through feed tube 134, which has a defined length that extends within a feeding chamber 136. Further, feed tube 134 can be varied in length by control device 135 that raises or lowers tube 134 within chamber 136. This allows the operator to refine the abrasive flow within the system 110 by controlling the amount of abrasive that is allowed into chamber 136 during operation. Alternately, feed tube 134 can be of a predefined length which is fixed to the bottom of transition chamber 133 should adjustability not be required. Feed tube 134 can be substantially vertical or even angled to some degree so as not to interfere with the walls of feeding chamber 136. Optionally, the end of tube 134 is cut so as to be substantially horizontal in either configuration.
In alternative embodiments, feeding device 116 can include a vibrating motor that gently sifts the abrasive into feeding chamber 136. Further still, canister 116 can be mated to a feed tube that connects to tube 134 with the canister being suspended allowing the abrasive to gravity feed to chamber 136. The funnel 130 might then be mounted to a gimble mechanism or other rotational mechanism which would allow the canister to be mated to it in a substantially upright position and then rotated to an inverted position to thereupon allow gravity-feed of the abrasive via the connecting feed tube.
Feeding chamber 136 is illustrated to have a cone shape having an arc ranging from 40 degrees to 90 degrees, with 60 degrees being preferred. This is but one embodiment and other configurations are possible. For example, chamber 136 can have an inverted pyramid shape, a bowl shape, a cylindrical shape, or a combination of these geometries so long as the abrasive lofts sufficiently to provide uniform and consistent abrasive flow out of feeding chamber 136. Likewise, the shape of holding chamber 132 can be any of these types of geometries so long as the abrasive feeds to feeding chamber 136 uniformly and consistently without waste or clogging.
One end of feed tube 134 extends into lofting chamber 136. The bottom end of feed tube 134 limits the amount of abrasive that can be held within chamber 136. This limit is shown by line 146. It is by controlling of the amount of abrasive material within feeding chamber 136 that improves the delivery of a uniform and consistent supply of abrasive to hand wand 118 during operation. The abrasive material is lofted in the chamber during operation before exiting through transport tube 138. Transport tube 138 further couples to hand wand 118 for delivery of the abrasive material to the subject 120. In this embodiment, a vacuum is drawn on transport tube 138 with an ambient air source coming in through port 144. The ambient air passes through filter 133 into the bottom of feeding chamber 136. As the vacuum forms within feeding chamber 136, air is effectively bubbled through the abrasive pile and the abrasive particles are thereupon lofted and directed towards tube 138 via a feed funnel 140 formed in the top of feeding chamber 136. Feed funnel 140 has an arc of greater than 90 degrees with an aperture into tube 138. Funnel 40 serves to feed the lofted abrasive material through tube 138 to hand piece 118 during operation. The sloped side walls 142 of feeding chamber 136 serve to enhance the uniform delivery of abrasive material even while the contents of abrasive supply canister 116 empty completely into feeding chamber 136. The remaining arrows within feeding chamber 136 illustrate the physical action of the abrasive material during the operation of apparatus 110 as well as the final direction through tube 138 as the abrasive material is carried to hand piece 118.
An ambient port 144 is coupled between tube 138 and hand piece 118 and includes a variable open/close device that functions as controller 128 to control the amount of air bled into the abrasive stream during operation, thereby controlling the concentration of abrasive delivered to hand piece 118. In an alternative embodiment, the height of funnel 140 relative to feeding chamber 136 can be increased or decreased to change the abrasive feed characteristics according to the technician's preference.
Abrasive feeding device 114 is typically made from a durable material, such as aluminum, stainless steel, or high durability plastic material. Device 114 can also be made from other materials as long as they are inert to the abrasive and durable for operation.
The abrasive within feeding chamber 136 then is directed through hand piece 118 to perform the desired abrasive operation on subject 20. During the actual abrading procedure, the abrasive abrades the skin causing waste debris and refuse that must be removed so as not to interfere with or contaminate the abraded surface. The pneumatic air supply, in this case vacuum generator 112, provides a vacuum in hand piece 118 that draws the waste refuse and debris away from the subject while at the same time performing surface abrasion. The waste refuse collects in abrasive collection device 122. Abrasive collection device 122 is shown in
Collection device 122 includes a waste can receiver 123, which has an intake port 125 and a return port 127, a waste canister 129, and a filter 148. Waste can receiver 123 has a threaded seal in which to receive canister 129. Canister 129 collects the waste refuse during an abrasion procedure for later disposal. In the preferred embodiment, Canister 129 is identical to canister 116 used to feed the abrasive; however, this might not be the case in other embodiments. Once canister 116 is empty, it is removed and used to replace canister 129 once it is full, which is usually by the time canister 116 is empty. A cap threads onto canister 129 once it is full to seal the contents for proper disposal and to minimize any unnecessary contact with the refuse by the technician.
The waste refuse travels through intake port 125 to be deposited into canister 127. The air flows through filter 148 before exiting through return port 127, which couples to second filter 124 before being dispersed to ambient air. Although not mandatory for operation, use of second filter 124 is recommended to both remove any material untrapped by filter 148 and to act as a fail-safe particulate trap in the event filter 148 is either inadvertently left out of the system or is improperly installed. A return cavity 131 is disposed between filter 148 and return port 127 to keep the airflow from being unduly restricted during the filtering procedure.
Referring to
Ring seals 154 are positioned within receiver 123 and superior to filter 148 about both its outer perimeter and its inner perimeter about aperture 152 to provide compliant sealing surfaces. Additionally, inner and outer crimping features 158 are provided upon the top surface of support element 150 and are positioned beneath ring seals 154. The crimping features 158 can be a one or a series of adjacent concentric ridges that press into filter 148 to hold it in place against compliant ring seals 154 and to provide an anti-bleed seal.
Filter 148 provides a larger surface area than filters utilized in the collection of the waste debris of the prior art. Further, the surface area is also such that the airflow is not inhibited since air flow return port 127 is removed from being immediately adjacent the filter 148. Also, in one embodiment filter 148 is disposable and inexpensive so it can be replaced between treatments, thus eliminating the progressive clogging experienced with durable-use filters or cleaning steps typically required in the prior art.
It is also intended that the discharge tube between hand piece 118 and waste collection or accumulation device 122 be easily removable so that it can be cleaned between sessions to prevent contamination and unsanitary build up of the waste debris residue that remains in the tube. Each end of the discharge tube can be pressure fitted or coupled via connectors that provide a suitable vacuum seal to prevent air bleeding into the system and lowering airflow inadvertently.
Hand piece 118 is shown in cross-sectional detail in
A center channel 166 is positioned within a recess of end portion 165 to connect with the supply aperture 165. Center channel 166 fits within body 162 until it engages an output aperture 168. Within the output aperture 168 is fitted a nozzle 170 that concentrates the abrasive just prior to abrading a selected surface and causes the abrasive to stream in a fan cone pattern, but with a tight radius for control. Surrounding center channel 166 is a return channel 172, which is larger than and concentric with channel 166. The larger diameter of channel 168 allows for a sufficient air flow that the waste debris is readily transported to the refuse accumulation device 122 without clogging or hindering the air flow of the supply abrasive. Surrounding aperture 168 are a plurality of intake apertures 174. The intake apertures open to channel 168 and allow the waste debris to be removed from within tip 162 during treatment.
Tip 162 is generally bell-shaped and includes an abrasive aperture 164. Abrasive aperture 164 contacts the surface to be treated and closes the pneumatic circuit to draw abrasive through the system and abrade the surface. Abrasive aperture 164 is approximately one-quarter inch in diameter and is applied to the subject, such as a patient's skin, during the abrasive procedure. An O-ring 176 is fitted within a groove 174 about the end of body 160 to which tip 162 fits. O-ring 176 serves to proved a tight seal against air-bleed within the airflow. The O-ring 176 is flexible and pliant, typically made from rubber, neoprene, silicone, plastic, or any like and compatible substance.
Nozzle 170 is generally cylindrical in shape with an aperture 178 along its center axis. Nozzle 170 is made of a hard, durable substance that withstands the abrading process of the abrasive as the abrasive hits the nozzle with full force. These materials can comprise, but are not limited to, stainless steel, ceramic, aluminum, tungsten carbide, and other comparable substances. A nose tube 180 is optionally mounted to the operational end of body 160 and is concentric with nozzle 170. Nose tube 180 is generally cylindrical and helps divert the waste debris away from the abrasive during an abrading procedure while protecting the incoming abrasive steam from flow aberrations.
Since the hand piece 118 can be readily disassembled, it can be taken apart and thoroughly cleaned to avoid contamination and other health risks possible in performing dermabrasion and removing the waste debris. Further, the parts to hand piece 118 can be made of inexpensive, yet durable materials that allow for the hand piece, in part or in total, to be disposable.
The jet path of the abrasive may fan out enough to strike the inner wall of tip 162 at the margins of aperture 169. Since the abrasive is traveling at a high rate of speed, it causes the inner wall of tip 62 to wear away. Additionally, the act of scanning tip 162 across abrasive-covered skin will serve to abrade the outer surface of tip 162 near aperture 169. Accordingly, tip 162 is made compact and inexpensive so that it can be easily replaced and disposed of, preferably after each treatment. Suitable materials used to make tip 162 include polycarbonate, other plastics and resins, and other suitable substances with similar properties, specifically high-speed/low-cost moldability.
There are synergistic effects in combining the massage treatment provided by the massage device of
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the abrasion system can be scaled to other commercial and industrial uses such as sand blasting, deposition delivery to a surface, and is not intended to be limited to just dermabrasion systems as disclosed. Further, a second vacuum hose can be added so that both the massage unit and the dermabrasion unit can operate simultaneously on either the same rent subjects. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
On a freezing cold backcountry trip it hit us — regular face masks are overkill. Why? Your nose and cheeks have slower circulation so they get cold and damaged first. Keep them warm and the rest of your face is happy. Problem solved! Plus you'll feel warm and fuzzy knowing we make 'em right here in the USA.
Men's FACEGLOVE
The perfect facemask is finally here – no bulk, no goggle fog, no hassle. Keep warm without sacrifice.
The most sensitive parts of your face are your nose and cheeks. Keep them warm and the rest of your face is happy. Stay active and stay warm.
Here's a great video on how to properly mold your FaceGlove:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Bats come alive as HPCA rolls, 13-3
Four runs in each of the first two innings staked High Point Christian Academy to an early 8-0 lead, and the Cougars' offensive explosion culminated in a 13-3 win Tuesday over Calvary Baptist Day School in five innings.
Sydney Harris, the Cougars' senior leadoff hitter, reached base in both of her first two at-bats, setting the table for each of the four-run innings in the first and second. The ensuing havoc she wreaked on the basepaths, aided by a handful of Calvary errors, helped to jumpstart the home team.
"Usually, we hit the ball pretty well and are fundamentally sound," High Point Christian coach Jeremy Cecil said. "What we have to do is mature as a team and play at a certain level all the time. Right now, we're just discovering our identity of who we are. They've got to be able to find a killer instinct and play at a high level."
Sloane McPeak, Ashlyn Kennedy and Breanna Hutcherson each appeared in the circle for HPCA. None of the three appeared to have time to settle in entirely, battling a few minor control issues and the occasional defensive miscue, but pitched well enough collectively to comfortably secure the win.
Most of that had to do with a powerful offense led by Maddie Faulkner, who went 2 for 4 with three RBIs, including a two-run double in the four-run second to help break the game open for HPCA.
"I just did my best to pick my team up," Faulkner said. "Our offense picks up pretty well and we come in fired up, ready to hit. If we're not doing well in the field, we know our bats have to make up for it."
As for the few pitching hiccups, most of the four walks issued by the Cougars can be explained by the fact they were throwing a seventh-grader against high school competition. Hutcherson is making the daunting adjustment to playing varsity ball as a middle-schooler.
"Today, we tried to mix it up and give everybody a lot of playing time to get everybody ready for the home stretch," Cecil said.
High Point Christian (12-0) will host Hickory Grove Christian Academy on Friday night, while Calvary Baptist (1-3) travels to Mount Tabor on Monday.


text:
What does NAQ mean in Unclassified?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand NAQ in the Miscellaneous field in general and in the Unclassified terminology in particular.
New Age Quaker
Find a translation for NAQ in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss this NAQ abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"NAQ." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 19 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/300658>.
NAQ also stands for:
- National Association of QMRPs
- Never Answered Questions
- Never Asked Questions
- Nick Ali Quartet
- Normally Asked Questions
... see them all »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
Alternative search:
- Search New Age Quaker on Amazon.com
- Search New Age Quaker on Google


text:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class User Reviews
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Review Ratings
Average Ratings from 22 reviews
- Performance:
- Appearance:
- Build Quality:
- Overall:
Review Highlights Click to filter reviews below
User Reviews
Displaying 1 - 10 of 22 1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class reviews.
jwt writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E430 Review
works all the time
starting to look a little dated
Great Great Great — Probably the best car I've ever owned. Bought it used to replace 2005 Lexus and will never go back. This thing runs every day and is just perfect in every way. Buy it used and save big money. It will last a lifetime.
Primary Use: Commuting to work
Looking for a Used E-Class in your area?CarGurus has 17,992 nationwide E-Class listings starting at $1,995.
Alan writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E55 AMG Review
Surprise everyone with the sheer power
Fuel cost
The Ultimate Wolf In Sheeps Clothing.. — The best car I have ever owned, eats almost anything off the road.. I should never have let it go! It is an expensive car to run but not bad when you consider the power, it will get 25 mpg on long runs and otherwise is quite cheap to run. It really is such fun to drive especially when you beat little punks in their Subaru's etc.
Primary Use: Commuting to work
franksh writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E320 Review
handling, power. quietness
The Best Mercedes — the car is the best mercedes I have owned. It gets good milage, is fast, and it is comfortable and quiet on the road. easy to maintain, parts are plentiful . Steering is light and responsive. I could not wish for a more satisfying ride.
Primary Use: Family transportation
Eric writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E320 Review
One of the best Mercedes you can buy
This car is quite tedious to drive and park everyday
The Last Benz You Can Buy Without Those Fancy Electronics — A great mid size car to own and keep. Plenty of parts, surprisingly cheap to own. Build quality is very good. Not nice to drive everyday due to a heavy and slow steering. It has a very low ground clearance.
Primary Use: Family transportation
Tim writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E430 Review
Smooth, elegant, comfortable, fast and stylish...
Avoid if you want cheap running costs, low insurance and high MPG!
A Bargain Performance Executive Machine. — For what it costs it's great, granted it's a few years old, but built well and with a 4.3 V8 and 290bhp the performance is respectable... 155mph (on GPS, speedo shows 160) and still pulling when it hits the speed limiter... this needs to go!
Mones writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Review
solid materials great safty and handling feulconsumtion is economic
heavy take off
E200 1999 — handling and braking is great speed on high way is also great take off is a bit heavy interior is great but sound system sucks all materials are solid inside and out side feulconsumtion is very good also over all its a great ride and i recommend it ...hope you like it.
Radoslav writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Review
Its a Merc
Mercedes Benz — The performance of the car is good , acceleration from 0-100 about 9,6 secs .The breaking is great and the handling is satistfying.The appearance - ofcourse its a mercedes benz and the interior is a classical wood interrior .I dont know what are the spendings paid every month for the car
Primary Use: Commuting to work
Terry writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E55 AMG Review
Fast and Luxurious!!!
Not great gas mileage
If You Love Doin 155mph On The Freeway And Still Have Room For The Whole Family, Then You'll Love It — Performance- basically a 4-door rocket on wheels Build Quality- pretty good, i've only had to replace 2 stupid censors Appearance- nice interior, outside looks pretty beastly, I hate the way the headlights look Cost of Ownership- gas mileage isnt great (especially with the way I drive :P lol..), maintenance isnt too bad as long as you dont take it to the dealer Fun Factor- Lots of fun to drive!! love goin fast!:)
Primary Use: Commuting to work
Yazan writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E320 Review
its fun to drive
that its old and the appearance
All In All Its A Good Car But I Wouldnt Buy It At This Time Because Its Old — The car is fun to drive, it is very powerful even though it is old, the appearance needs alot of work but once it is fixed it looks ok not good not bad, the build quality well its a mercedes so i give it 5 star for sure
Primary Use: Sport/fun (spirited driving, track racing, off-roading, etc.)
Hauspower28 writes:
1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E55 AMG Review
One of a kind E55. My first Mercedes and man did I hit a home run with this one! It is the weirdest thing but people ask "if they can see the inside", "what kind of car is it" and some have even wanted their picture taken with it! Its all flattering but sometimes when your in a hurry its hard to get away, they want to look under the hood and talk about it all day!
Unfortunately I have to sell it because we have too many cars, I have too many kids and a sick wife who is not getting better soon. It is not the right car for me at this time any longer.
The Name All The Magazines Gave It Is "the Beast" — In 1999 Car and Driver said "this is the fastest sedan ever to drive the face of the earth". It looks elegant and nobody expects it to have the massive power that it does. It is faster than a corvette and does it while hauling 5 passengers! Last car AMG built before being purchased by Daimler! Now AMG makes cosmetics and sport packages this was a the last of the true AMG's! This is classified as a SuperCar like a Ferrari or a Porsche would be. Truly amazing power and handling from a naturally aspirated engine!
Primary Use: Family transportation
Displaying 1 - 10 of 22 1999 Mercedes-Benz E-Class reviews.
Reviews From Other Years
2014 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Reviews
Mbs Are One Of The Best Cars In The World...bar None!
I like everything about this car... One thing.. I wish it's drive modes had a S1 to firm up S... E drive is fine as is. I've been driving MBs for 35 years and this one is as good as it gets. Read More
I Love My 2014 E350 4matic
I went from a 745 I am in this car is plenty big enough much sportier more reliable and a better value. Miss the 745li extended back seat space but the Benz style and driver centric feature more than... Read More
2013 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Reviews
One Of The Best Cars I Have Owned
car came well equiped with P1 pkg, 750 mile cruising range 38mpg, re sale of the diesel is much better than the gas model the seats are very comfortable on long trips. the Harmon cardon premium sound ... Read More
Great Sporty Looking - High Performance Conv't
The E-350 Mercedes Conv't is really a 'head turner' ... very sporty looking, ez up/down top, great 2nd 'Fun in the Sun' vehicle that get exceptional mileage and lots of state of the art technology. ... Read More
2012 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Reviews
Germans Know How...best In Its Class.
Great luxury car, german are the best (with brits :) at building luxury and sports cars. This one is just one of the high end of what they make. On top it is loaded with options, like blind-spot a... Read More
Sl-550 Performance At Half The Cost
In 2012 the E550 models get a twin-turbo 4.7-liter V8 that produces 402 hp and 443 lb-ft of torque. Rear-wheel drive is standard on the coupe and Cabriolet, while the sedan gets 4Matic all-wheel drive... Read More
2011 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Reviews
Sharp Looking With Lots Of Power
This is the ultimate car for me and my wife. We've had several cars in the past, but the Mercedes tops them all. We use it to travel back and forth to Florida from New England and it is extremely co... Read More
Excellent Ride And It Gets Many Compliments - Even Being A Wagon
If I said its my third Mercedes E-Series wagon in nine years - would you assume that is an endorsement? Welll it is - its a wonderful vehicle - and its build quality is better than my BMW. 3 Series C... Read More
2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Reviews
Love this car as a fun car. not an everyday driver in my opinion. I get lots of attention when I am driving it. Watch your speed as well, 100 feels like 70. Although the police officers I have dealt w... Read More
Lovely Car
The E350 4matic is a great performer. Holds the road really well and has enough pep for most drivers. My wife loves the car and feels safe with the solid feel and MB engineering. We traded down fro... Read More


text:
Atleti temporarily at the top
ESPN FC's Des Curran breaks down Atletico Madrid's win that puts them on top of La Liga, at least until Barcelona plays on Sunday.
(01:09) | January 4, 2014
More La Liga Videos More »
Play Video
Will Xavi take the Pep route?
La Liga: Barcelona midfielder Xavi has expressed he'd like to follow his old Barcelona manager's, Pep Guardiola, footsteps and be a player and coach at the legendary Catalan club.
(01:11) | Dec 18, 2014
Play Video
Real Madrid prepare for the Club World Cup final
La Liga: A warm morning greeted Real Madrid in Marrakech, for their first training session since qualifying for the FIFA Club World Cup final.
(01:08) | Dec 18, 2014
Play Video
Moyes still in adjustment stage
La Liga: Real Sociedad manager David Moyes has complained recently about kick-off times in La Liga and Copa del Rey.
(01:20) | Dec 17, 2014
Latest Video & Audio More »
Play Video
Pearson eager to answer critics
Premier League: Leicester City manager Nigel Pearson says to be looking forward to the opportunity to answer back the critics.
(01:54) | Dec 19, 2014
Play Video
Lambert confirms Keane visited Cleverley at his home
Premier League: Aston Villa manager Paul Lamber answered to reports that former assistant manager Roy Keane confronted Tom Cleverley at the midfielder's home believing he had leaked stories about Keane falling out with the club's players.
(02:06) | Dec 19, 2014
Play Video
Dyche: Burnley ready for Spurs
Premier League: Burnley manager Sean Dyche aims for back-to-back wins in the English Premier League as his side travel to face Tottenham.
(01:15) | Dec 19, 2014
Play Video
Irvine: Berahino will come back strongly
Premier League: West Brom manager Alan Irvine expect young striker Saido Berahino to return to form sooner than later
(01:09) | Dec 19, 2014
Play Video
Monk: There is no problem with Montero
Premier League: Swansea City manager Garry Monk discusses reports linking Ecuador international Jefferson Montero to match-fixing.
(01:18) | Dec 19, 2014
Play Video
Hughes: Chelsea are the best team in the league
Premier League: Stoke City manager Mark Hughes praised Jose Mourinho's Chelsea as his side prepare for the difficult away trip to Stamford Bridge.
(01:31) | Dec 19, 2014
More from the web
Premier League
Rodriguez facing futher time on sidelinesSouthampton manager Ronald Koeman has confirmed that Jay Rodriguez has suffered a setback in his recovery from injury
Premier League
Lambert rubbishes reports of Keane-Cleverley bust-upAston Villa manager Paul Lambert has denied reports of a bust-up between his former assistant Roy Keane and midfielder Tom Cleverley
Premier League
Balotelli slapped with one-match ban after Instagram postMario Balotelli has been banned for one match and fined £25,000 pounds after sending an offensive message on social media, the FA has confirmed
Premier League
Howard: Liverpool wrong on MignoletEverton keeper Tim Howard has said city rivals Liverpool got it wrong by dropping Simon Mignolet
Premier League
Walcott in race to be fit for Liverpool clashArsenal forward Theo Walcott could make a long-awaited return to action against Liverpool on Sunday
Souness and Redknapp: If looks could kill
Even in his role as a "neutral" pundit, Graeme Souness hardly makes a secret of his passion for Liverpool - so imagine his reaction when they were drawn with Chelsea in the League Cup
Quote Unquote
"Every time the ball goes near him, you fear there's going to be a mistake or a poor clearance"
Rooney's eyes on the record
Wayne Rooney is closing in on the England goalscoring record. But who's the leading international scorer worldwide?
Bow to the King?
Is it true that Kenny Dalglish is the only player to score 100 goals in the Scottish and English Football Leagues?


text:
Loading stream...
Now Playing
Connect with Us
Podcasts & RSS Feeds
|All Content
|View all podcasts & RSS feeds
KACU People
General Manager
Director of News and Operations
Business Manager
Media Sales Manager
Senior Broadcast Engineer
The Two-Way
Top Stories: Zuccotti Park Cleared; Sandusky Speaks; Cain's 'Oops' Moment
Originally published on Tue November 15, 2011 7:18 am
By Mark Memmott
Good morning.
Our early headines today:
-- New York Police Clear Occupy Wall Street Protesters From Park.
-- Penn State Scandal: More Suspected Victims; Sandusky Says He's Innocent.
Other top stories of the day include:
-- "Herman Cain Has Major 'Oops' Moment On Libya." (It's All Politics)
-- "Humor and Determination Key to Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords Recovery." (ABC News)
-- "Debt Panel Could Punt On Tough Calls." (Politico)
-- Stock Futures Slide "As Euro Zone Fears Persist." (Reuters)
Copyright 2013 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


text:
My Profile
tallahassee, Florida
Member since Aug 2010
Flag This ProfileFlag as Inappropriate
Reviewed Bubba's Creamy Spicy Seafood Pasta
Apr 24, 2011 in Food Network Community Toolbox on FoodNetwork.com
"My boyfriend and I love this dish. I sub the vodka for white wine, used a teaspoon and a half of pepper flakes, and added a little flour and water mix to thicken. Also, I seasoned the seafood and sauted it first and then added it back in later (otherwise the seafood would be bland). It was delish...tasted even better the next day.""


text: Lopez: I am very confused about the timing and content of statements by Kimi 21 September, 2013 Gerard Lopez and Kimi Raikkonen in happier times Lotus team owner Gerard Lopez has slammed Kimi Raikkonen, after the Finn revealed that he is only leaving for Ferrari in 2014 because he has not been paid. Raikkonen had shocked reporters with his brutal honesty about his unpaid salary on Thursday, but Lopez told the German newspaper Welt that is not the full story. "He will get his money, as in previous years and as agreed, at the end of the season," Lopez said. "I am very confused about the timing and content of these statements by Kimi," he added. Lopez insinuated that Raikkonen, who was dropped by Ferrari at the end of 2009 to be replaced by Fernando Alonso, is being ungrateful after Lotus revived his Formula 1 career following his two-year rallying and NASCAR sabbatical. Kimi Raikkonen celebrates winning the 2013 Australian GP with Lotus "Unlike with Michael Schumacher and his comeback, [Raikkonen] had a car that enabled him to win," said Lopez. "We have done everything to enable him to succeed," he added. In a separate interview, Lopez said he doubts that the money issue alone triggered Raikkonen's decision to leave Lotus. "If that was the decisive element in him not staying with us, it would surprise me, but it is how it is," he told RTL Letzebuerg. When also asked about Raikkonen's comments, Lotus boss Eric Boullier defended the team on the basis that the Enstone-based staff and suppliers are prioritised in terms of "cash flow". "Unfortunately we are not as rich as some other teams on the grid," he said. Romain Grosjean has matched the pace of Kimi Raikkonen but not the consistency But as Raikkonen departs along with a few other well-known names, Blick newspaper reports that twenty more Lotus employees have sent applications to top teams including Ferrari, Red Bull and McLaren. Bild newspaper said some mechanics are also waiting for their pay. Lopez, however, said that Lotus is not on the brink of collapse. "Most of the team's debt is with me, so the only one who can put Lotus out of business is myself," he insisted. "As long as I don't do that, the future of the team is secure." In fact, Boullier said on Friday that Lotus is not considering boosting its coffers by signing a 'pay driver' to replace the departing Raikkonen. He confirmed that Felipe Massa and Nico Hulkenberg are the frontrunners. Boullier did not even rule out signing them both, to the detriment of Romain Grosjean. "In my position, unfortunately, I have to consider every option," the Frenchman told Brazil's Totalrace. "But Romain has a contract with us and recently he has been matching Kimi. If he keeps doing that, he has a good future in Formula 1." (GMM) Subbed by AJN. Tweet Related NewsLopez: We opened the door to FernandoGrosjean still targeting move to top teamGrosjean admits he had discussions with FerrariCash strapped Lotus lose sponsor to WilliamsGrosjean handed 20-place grid penaltyOcon to drive Lotus in Abu Dhabi FP1Lotus confirm Grosjean for 2015 seasonOcon set for Lotus FP1 drive in Abu DhabiLotus use practice at Yas to test 2015 componentsMaldonado: Abu Dhabi to be one of the best races of the year hillside Lotus needs Kimi more than Kimi needs them. Lotus is just pathetic as they're now Dr. Azlan I hope Lotus will be strong financially as they are doing an incredible job considering being just a small team in a very expensive sport. Red Bull Cheats Timing of statement = when Kimi was asked a question. Content of statement = the facts. Sorry if that surprises you Lopez. Tomas Has it crossed your mind that you Lopez,and also Boullier are being "slightly" ungrateful to Kimi after he's been travelling on his own expenses since the beginning of the season collecting points for you? These kind of statements from you is harming your business far more than Kimi answering a question whith a fact, and a fact that has not been a secret for the last months to anyone.


text:
Ruti Mizrachi presents this week's HH. I haven't participated in a long time. Making note to self, write more and send stuff in.
Ruti Presents This Week's Havel-Havalim
19 Jul 2013 3 Comments
3 Comments (+add yours?)
Discussion with Moishe'la (with his family)
A Handicapped child
Tishrei 28 '5774(Oct 1 '13)
"We Cried and We Cried"
I want to tell you that Zaidy came to me again from Olam Ha'emes. (My Zaidy, a great Tzaddik, was very famous when he was alive.) I want to tell you that he sat down next to me when I was sleeping, and said to me, "Yingel Yingel my Zeesa Yingel (my beloved boy) I am so proud of you. I am so happy that you are in the house that you are, in the home that you are, and I Bentch you that you should continue bringing truth to our family and truth to the Yidden wherever they might be."
And then he said, "I have more to tell you. I am very worried about my adopted homeland the United States of America. I am not worried about the place itself, as we all know its pure Edom. I have always realized how this Golus of Edom has almost destroyed all Yiddishkeit in America.
"But no I am not worried about the Edomite country called the United States. I am worried about the Yidden in United States. First of all they are in very big physical danger and of course we know very well that the Yidden in America, including the Frum, are in great spiritual and physical danger. Of course there are always exceptions to the rule, but the very big majority of the Yidden in America are in very big spiritual danger.
"Don't get me wrong. I am not saying that the Yidden all over the world are in a better condition, but I am worried especially about the Yidden in the United States of America.
"I really want them to do Teshuva, real Teshuva. And I know that I have said this many times, and people don't understand what I am talking about. Even when you explain it so clearly, most people just brush it off because it's much more interesting to be busy with the Gashmius than to be busy with the Ruchnius. It take less spiritual and emotional effort to rise high in the attainment of the Gashmius, than it takes to rise high in the attainment of the Ruchnius.
"Since I was very young I realized that the American Jewish community would eventually disappear. Now however I see clearly that the United States of America is disappearing right in front of our eyes. Soon there will be no United States of America, and the Yidden will have to find themselves a new home. I hope they decide on Eretz Yisroel, and hope they do it quickly, because if not well……. "
Then he asked me to sit down with him and say Tikkun Chatzos. Together we Davened and we cried, and we cried, and we cried. I closed my eyes so I could feel the Tza'ar HaShechina, (the pain of Hashem) and when I opened them my Zaidy was gone.
Discussion with Moishela (with his family)
A Handicapped child
Shevat 21 5774 (Jan 22, '14)
"These Tragedies are Divinely Sent"
Oy, Vey … Got in Himmel … Got in Himmel …. What is going to be? What is going to be? Tragedy on tragedy on tragedy … tragedies hitting the young and the weak, the old and the infirmed, and just the average Yid.
Oy, Oy, Oy, what more can I say? What more can I say? How can I beg you Am Yisroel? How can I beg you, to do Teshuva? You think you're so Frum. Some Yidden are Frum, but the ones that consider themselves Erlich, Erliche Yidden, not all of you are Frum. Maybe you keep Shabbos the way you're supposed to, that's also not so sure. Maybe you keep Kosher the way you're supposed to, that's also not absolute. But you're not Frum, you think you're Frum, but you're not. I'm not speaking to those that are really trying hard to go back to the Emes. Go back to the way it once was in Europe, and in the lands of the Arabs where Jews were very ostracized and they had their own Kehillas not with any influence of the Goyim. And the Yidden in Europe that lived in the Shtettels and that held on to their Rebbes, to the Rabbonim who were greats, were giants, I'm not talking about them. They're almost extinct today. I'm talking about the regular Yid, the average Yid, the average Yid is what's going to save Am Yisroel, because he's never been average. He's always been much bigger than average, much greater than average. Because a Yid anyway is greater than any other type of human being. This is why Edom is so jealous of Yaakov, why Esav could never make peace with Yaakov.
But now my dear Yidden my fellow Yidden, please, please listen again to me. You're going to see even more tragedies than we've seen this week. Irrational unfathomable things have happened and will happen in the future, Hashem Yishmor. Thousands of people, tens of thousands, millions of people have had professionals come to their homes to pesticide the house with all kinds of chemicals in order to get rid of unwanted bugs and rodents. No one died from it. It's never been in any newspaper that anyone ever died from it. How could it be that these children and the parents are so sick from this? How could it be that some of them have already died from this, Hashem Yishmor? How could it be? Years and years people are using gas for heating, for cooking, for whatever you want. Yes here and there we heard of one of those gas canisters blowing up, but nothing much ever happened. How could it be that now a whole family was wiped out after the technician came and checked it and found nothing wrong? How could it be? Obviously all these tragedies that we've been seeing lately, and I only named two, are divinely sent.
We're seeing so many strange things in this world, from tsunamis to tornadoes to storms to hurricanes, but all of these natural disasters are way beyond the norm. It is way, way beyond anything we've ever known, and the world is in shock from it, but not in enough shock from it. The Yidden, we Jews are seeing one tragedy after another, whether in America or Eretz Yisroel or wherever in the world, we're seeing tremendous tragedies one after another. Many of the ones hurt are children. Many are women just after having given birth, and still we don't pay attention. We just shrug it off as one of those things. Of course the world is getting a message from Shomayim, when every day we see more and more bloody, cruel wars all over the world, and violent riots plague many cities of the world. Every day we see the slaughter of men, women, and children, especially the children's bodies piled up from being gassed. Being gassed? Remind you of something? They piled up the bodies of the women and the children so you could see the terrible, terrible violence, the terrible, terrible cruelty of those fighting in Syria. Nobody knows for sure who did it, whether it's the rebels or the government because they're all violent, cruel, animalistic people. Its regular practice for them to chop off the heads of their enemies. Is this not animalistic? Is this not wild and cruel? We would expect it from the most primitive people in the worst jungle, but it's our neighbors. It's our neighbors and our cousins, our cousins from our uncle Yishmael.
Hashem is making the world so much more terrifying than it ever was. We thought that the holocaust was the most terrifying thing that could have been, however we see a holocaust every single day in the world. Every single day we're suffering from large holocausts and smaller holocausts, but the violence is unbelievable, and still people are running, or should I say flying to Switzerland, to all different places in Europe to enjoy their vacations. Here in Israel when the first of July comes, that means the first day of their vacations, half the country goes flying overseas to America, Australia, India, Thailand, and of course Europe etc. because the Jews just can't stay in one place. They have to be going and going and going, and for what? For entertainment? To see what? They travel to see another museum, another historical spot and of course to shop. I can understand the Chilonim whose heads are not full of anything too serious, usually, partaking in such superficial activity. But the Chareidim? What does it give you? What is it giving you? It's not Tzniusdik to run around all of these places for no reason at all, except to enjoy yourself. And how many Chareidim are pulled by all the different attractions of these places even though the tour is totally Frum? How many women go skiing? Many! Many so-called Frum boys don't want a girl that doesn't know how to ski.
OY … OY … OY … Well I'm telling you straight that if you don't change there's going to be more and more tragedies, Hashem Yishmor, more and more hardships, Hashem Yishmor, and in the end only those Jews that get the message straight, and really change their ways are going to greet Moshiach Tzidkainu. You are getting clear warnings! Warnings that touch the heart and the soul and should also bring down that terrible Gashmiusdik facade that is the Mechitzah between us and Hakodosh Boruch Hu. Once that facade has crumbled then we can come very close to Hakodosh Boruch Hu and assure ourselves that we can enter the Olam Habah of Moshiach Tzidkainu. All those that reach this great spiritual height (which is in the grasp of every true Jew) of understanding and closeness to Hashem, and change by doing complete Teshuva, then the most glorious future is waiting for you, but if you don't change and do complete Teshuva, then hell or Gehenom is paradise next to what you're going to get.
An addition by Moishela added on 23 Shevat Jan 24
I sit on the floor and shed many tears to all the victims of the tragedies of the last week and especially I Daven for .Refael Yitzckak Isaac ben Michal and Chaim Michael Shlomo ben Michal. I beg Hashem to bring them a Refuah Sheleimah B'guf U'vinefesh B'soch Shear Cholai Yisroel, and I cry for the great Tzaddik Rav Yaakov Galinsky Z"tl that was one of the last bridges between we Jews of this generation and the greater generation from before WWII, but I am also crying and sobbing for the future victims, the future Karbonos Tehoros that will be sacrificed in order save Am Yisroel from destruction.
The great Chupa has been built and the Chosson, Hakodosh Boruch Hu is already standing under it and waiting anxiously for his Kallah, Am Yisroel.


text:
Una giornata in un mondo parallelo, fantastico e fuori dal comune. Una città dentro a un castello, da scoprire e da visitare. Grazzano Visconti, Ducato di PiacenzaThis photo was shot on film. Taken by madejess with a Kodak Retinette 1B loaded with Lomography 400 (35mm) film in Piacenza, Italy. These tags describe this photo: grazzano, visconti, lomography, 400, film, kodak, retinette, 1b, morning, day, holidays, summer, sun, green, ravo86, vale, castello, castle, mondo, parallelo, piacenza, ducato, provincia, parma, gufo, shop, owl, statue, and aloisa. Date: 2012-08-12. Time: Morning. This photo can also be found in the album Una giornata a Grazzano Visconti.
Please login to get more out of this site
You are currently not logged in, do so now to add comments, like articles as well as photos, submit to competitions, translate articles and gain access to unlimited photo upload! If you are not registered yet, go here to find out more about Lomography and join now! If you just want a limited account for now you can use Twitter or Facebook. We would love to have you as a member here!
6 people like this photo
Liking photos helps us to present the best ones to you and others. 6 people like this photo. 6 people like this photo: tsingtao, ravo86, minchi, rik041, zorzyo, and laureanopm.


text:
- Like
- Thanks for voting!
- Download
- Collection
Marco August 17, 2014
Red stockings suit you Eufrat. I love your longs legs and perfect body. Very seductive...
leonardo November 8, 2010
i love eufrat
Anonymous February 26, 2011
That outfit is soooooooo sexy!!!
No one September 18, 2011
WOW !! My fav Part is the kiss in the end
Marco June 15, 2014
Eufrat is my dream glamour model. I love everything about her, her beautiful face, cheeky smile, endless legs and perfect body. She looks amazing in her red stockings.
RiCh man November 1, 2013
i wanna have to sex to you ... coz i like ur body ... i want to fuck you ...
EMINEM January 28, 2012
ummmmm.....EUFRAT!!! I wanna have sex wid ya all day long...bcoz ua pussy,tits,cunt, n those thighs r perfect to press hard!! wanna lick ua ass toooo!! aah,.... n share a kinda creampie on ua face!!! FUCK ME...baby @@
ashley June 10, 2012
no attitude just a perfect girl she makes me cum every time, THANKYOU.
super August 13, 2010
super hot. i want her!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Ddddd October 8, 2011
Loading Comments
- Eufrat looking gorgeous as she teases her way out of her white top and down to only her red holdup stockings.


text: You can break the grip of daily chaos, declutter your life, beat stress, and eliminate procrastination if you know how to organize your life using some simple basic steps. As any time management expert will tell you, the first big secret is to just STOP. Then use three basic steps… read more →