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|This article or section may contain previously unpublished synthesis of published material that conveys ideas not attributable to the original sources. (September 2011)
The Demographics of Palestine refers to the demography, or the statistical study of the population of Palestine. This article provides an overview to the different demographic studies related to the demographics of the mandatory Palestine, and the demographics of pre-British Palestine, consisting the southern parts of Ottoman Syria. The studies of current regional demographics also cover the present demography of Palestinian Authority and its people, as well as population figures for the entire area covered by modern day Israel, the Palestinian Authority, Gaza Strip, Jordan, and parts of Syria and Lebanon.
Up until the early Christian era the demographics are reasonable clear, based on the Bible and on recent regional archaeological studies. However, after the Bar Kochba revolt the make-up of the population of Palestine is debated due to data being sparse in the historical record.
During the Proto-Canaanite period agricultural communities were established. By the early Bronze Age (3000–2200 BCE), independent Canaanite city-states existed on the plains and in coastal regions. During the Iron Age the Philistines, a part of the Sea People probably of Aegean origin, occupied the southern coast of Canaan, and mingled with the local population, absorbing the Canaanite language and losing their separate identity by the 500 BCE. At the same time the Israelites emerged from a dramatic social transformation that took place amongst the Canaanite people of the central hill country of Canaan around 1200 BCE, with no signs of violent invasion or even of peaceful infiltration of a clearly defined ethnic group from elsewhere. The Israelites are therefore descendants of the original early Iron Age occupants of the uplands of Canaan.[1] Following the withdrawal of the Egyptian Empire around 1150 BC, the Israelites were able to extend their territory by gradually re-integrating with their Canaanite neighbours. This expansion was initially held in check by battles with the Philistines.
Eventually, however, towards the end of the tenth century BCE, the Israelites established a kingdom with its capital at Samaria. Some time later, in the eighth century BC, as this kingdom weakened under pressure from the advancing Assyrians, a second kingdom of Judah emerged with its capital at Jerusalem.[2]
Modern estimates place the population of ancient Palestine at a maximum of around one million. According to Israeli archeologist Magen Broshi, "... the population of Palestine in antiquity did not exceed a million persons. It can also be shown, moreover, that this was more or less the size of the population in the peak period - the late Byzantine period, around AD 600"[3] Similarly, a study by Yigal Shiloh of The Hebrew University suggests that the population of Palestine in the Iron Age could have never exceeded a million. He writes: "... the population of the country in the Roman-Byzantine period greatly exceeded that in the Iron Age...If we accept Broshi's population estimates, which appear to be confirmed by the results of recent research, it follows that the estimates for the population during the Iron Age must be set at a lower figure."[4]
After the Babylonian conquest in 597 BCE the Samaritans emerged as a people in Palestine, and the Phoenicians expanded along the coastal plain. With the successive waves of return of the Israelites from exile in the mid-5th century BCE, by the time of Ezra (~458 BCE) Palestine consisted of the returnees, the people of Samaria and other Jews who had remained behind, the related Samaritans,[1] and "the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians and the Amorites. For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sons, so that the holy seed have mingled".[5] From that point on there is no further mention in the Bible of living Canaanites. At the start of the Hellenic period, Jews therefore dominated the population of Palestine, with an ancestry prime of which was Canaanite, plus lesser contributions of Aegean (Philistines), Egyptian, and Syrian and Mesopotamian (Amorites).
The Persians were conquered by Alexander the Great in 322 BCE. In 160 BCE the continuing Hellenisation of Palestine led to the Maccabean revolt. The composition of the population, from the end of the Hasmonaean dynasty had a large preponderance of Jewish elements compared to strictly localized Greek (pagan) centres, together with a dominant Samaritan enclave in Samaria.[6] The Roman conquest of Judea led by Pompey took place in 63 BCE. The Roman occupation encompassed the end of Jewish independence in Judea, the last years of the Hasmonean kingdom, the Herodian age and the rise of Christianity, the Jewish war with Rome, and the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the second Temple.[7] The total population of Pharisees, the forerunners of modern Rabbinic Judaism, was around 6,000 ("exakischilioi"), according to Jospehus.[8]
Local population displacements occurred with the expulsion of the Jews from Jerusalem[9] - "In the earlier revolt in the previous century, 66–73 CE, Rome destroyed the Temple and forbade Jews to live in the remaining parts of Jerusalem; for this reason, the Rabbis gathered instead on the Mediterranean coast in Yavneh near Jaffa". Dispersal to other parts of the Roman Empire occurred:
"No date or origin can be assigned to the numerous settlements eventually known in the west, and some may have been founded as a
result of the dispersal of Palestinian Jews after the revolts of CE 66-70 and 132-5, but it is reasonable to conjecture that many, such as thesettlement in Puteoli attested in 4 BCE, went back to the late republic or early empire and originated in voluntary emigration and the lure of trade and commerce."[10]
Three events caused the Jewish population dominance to change after 70 CE (in the Late Roman period). The first was the rise of Christianity. The second involved the Jewish Diasporas resulting from a series of Jewish rebellions against the Roman occupation, starting in 66 CE which resulted in the destruction of the second Temple and of Jerusalem in 70 CE, the subsequent expulsion of the Jews from Jerusalem, and followed by the rebellion against Hadrian in 132 CE - the Bar Kokhba revolt[11] - "The Judaean Jewish community never recovered from the Bar Kochba war. In its wake, Jews no longer formed the majority in Palestine, and the Jewish center moved to the Galilee." The third event was the 'ascension' of Constantine the Great in 312 CE and Christianity becoming the official state religion of Rome in 391 CE.[12] Already by the mid-3rd century the Jewish majority had been reported to have been lost, while others conclude that a Jewish majority lasted much longer - "What does seem clear is a different kind of change - immigration of Christians and the conversion of pagans, Samaritans, and Jews eventually produced a Christian majority".[13]
Reliable data on the population of Palestine in the pre-Muslim period, both in absolute terms and for the relative sizes of each community, do not exist. The demographics during that period are therefore based on minimal data. Although many Jews were killed, expelled or sold off into slavery after the 66-70 CE and the 123-125 CE rebellions, the degree to which these transfers affected the Jewish dominance in Palestine is rarely addressed. What is certain is that Palestina did not lose its Jewish component. Goldblatt[13] concludes that the Jews may have remained a majority into the 3rd century CE and even beyond. He notes that 'Jewish followers of Jesus' (Jewish Christians) would not have taken part in the rebellions'. Non-Christian conversions from Judaism after the Bar Kochba revolt were not given much attention.[14]
"Indeed, many must have reacted to the catastrophe with despair and total abandonment of Judaism. Apostates from Judaism (aside from converts to Christianity) received little notice in antiquity from either Jewish or non-Jewish writers, but ambitious individuals are known to have turned pagan before the war, and it stands to reason that many more did so after its disastrous conclusion. It is impossible to determine the number who joined the budding Christian movement and the number who disappeared into the polytheist majority."
The highest population of the 3rd to 7th centuries probably occurred in the Byzantine period.[13] Most scholars consider that the proportion of Jews decreased during these centuries, a loss of dominance not related to any specific diaspora and at dates not agreed to by historians. For instance, by counting settlements, Avi-Yonah estimated that Jews comprised half the population of the Galilee at the end of the 3rd century, and a quarter in the other parts of the country, but had declined to 10–15% of the total by 614.[13] On the other hand, by counting churches and synagogues, Tsafrir estimated the Jewish fraction at 25% in the Byzantine period.[13] Stemberger, however, considers that Jews were the largest population group at the beginning of the 4th century, closely followed by the pagans.[15] In contrast to Avi-Yonah, Schiffman estimated that Christians only became the majority of the country's population at the beginning of the 5th century,[16] confirmed by DellaPergola who estimates that by the 5th century Christians were in the majority and Jews were a minority.[17]
The Christian-dominated Palestinian society of the late-Byzantine era, having been formed by conversions plus various migrations, was to undergo yet another upheaval. In 629 Palestine was invaded by Arabs from the Hejaz. By 635 AD, Palestine, Jordan and Southern Syria, with the exception of Jerusalem and Caesarea, were in Muslim hands. Jerusalem capitulated in 636.
Levy-Rubin advocated that conversion was not commonplace during the early-period of the Islamic empire (the Umayyad Caliphate [661 - 750 CE] and the Abbasid Caliphate [750 - 1258]) - "It has been presumed until now that [the presence of Muslims in Samaria] was solely a result of immigration of Arab Muslims into the area. … a small part of this Muslim population originated in Samarian population which converted to Islam during the early Muslim period mainly as a result of difficult economic conditions. As of now this is the only evidence we have of mass conversion to Islam in Palestine during the early Muslim period.".[18] Arabization of the Levant involved the realm's new subjects adopting the Arabic language and Islam.[19]
"Very few Arabs were productive settlers of the land, an activity they despised; a few were great landlords who used native tenants to cultivate their estates; but generally they were nomadic tribesmen, soldiers and officials all of whom lived off the jizya (or poll tax) and the kharaj (or land tax) paid by the occupied peoples in return for the protection of their lives and property and for the right to practise their own religion. Because the jizya and the kharaj could be imposed only on non-Muslims, the Arabs had little interest in making converts to Islam, a contributory reason why Syria, Palestine and Egypt would remain overwhelmingly Christian for centuries to come."[20]
According to Atimal and Ellenblum the Islamization of Palestine had its beginnings in the early Islamic period (ca. 640-1099 C.E.), but had halted and apparently even been reversed during the time of Frankish rule (Kingdom of Jerusalem). In the aftermath of the Muslim reconquest, which began in 1187, and the advent of Ayyubid rule (1187-1260) in parts of Palestine and then the Mamluk rule, it appears that the process of religious conversion was accelerated. With the beginning of the Ottoman period in 1516, it is commonly assumed, and may well be that the Muslim majority in the country was more-or-less like that of the mid-19th century.[21]
In the middle of the first century of the Ottoman rule, i.e., 1550 CE, Bernard Lewis in a study of Ottoman registers of the early Ottoman Rule of Palestine reports:[22]
From the mass of detail in the registers, it is possible to extract something like a general picture of the economic life of the country in that period. Out of a total population of about 300,000 souls, between a fifth and a quarter lived in the six towns of Jerusalem, Gaza, Safed, Nablus, Ramle, and Hebron. The remainder consisted mainly of peasants, living in villages of varying size, and engaged in agriculture. Their main food-crops were wheat and barley in that order, supplemented by leguminous pulses, olives, fruit, and vegetables. In and around most of the towns there was a considerable number of vineyards, orchards, and vegetable gardens.
In his paper 'Demography in Israel/Palestine: Trends, Prospects and Policy Implications'[23] Sergio DellaPergola, drawing on the work of Bachi (1975), provides rough estimates of the population of Palestine west of the River Jordan by religion groups from the 1st century onwards summarised in the table below.
|First half 1st century CE
|5th century
|>1st century
|End 12th century
|14th century before Black Death
|14th century after Black Death
|Figures in thousands.
According to Alexander Scholch, Palestine in 1850 had about 350,000 inhabitants, 30% of whom lived in 13 towns; roughly 85% were Muslims, 11% were Christians and 4% Jews[24]
|Number of
Towns and
|Figures from Ben-Arieh, in Scholch 1985, p. 388.
According to Ottoman statistics studied by Justin McCarthy,[25] the population of Palestine in the early 19th century was 350,000, in 1860 it was 411,000 and in 1900 about 600,000 of which 94% were Arabs. In 1914 Palestine had a population of 657,000 Muslim Arabs, 81,000 Christian Arabs, and 59,000 Jews.[26] McCarthy estimates the non-Jewish population of Palestine at 452,789 in 1882, 737,389 in 1914, 725,507 in 1922, 880,746 in 1931 and 1,339,763 in 1946.[27]
In Chapters 46, 39, 52 and 56 of his Innocents Abroad, American author Mark Twain wrote of his visit to Palestine in 1867: "Palestine sits in sackcloth and ashes. Over it broods the spell of a curse that has withered its fields and fettered its energies. Palestine is desolate and unlovely -- Palestine is no more of this workday world. It is sacred to poetry and tradition, it is dreamland."(Chapter 56)[28] "There was hardly a tree or a shrub anywhere. Even the olive and the cactus, those fast friends of a worthless soil, had almost deserted the country". (Chapter 52)[29] "A desolation is here that not even imagination can grace with the pomp of life and action. We reached Tabor safely. We never saw a human being on the whole route". (Chapter 49)[30] "There is not a solitary village throughout its whole extent – not for thirty miles in either direction. ...One may ride ten miles (16 km) hereabouts and not see ten human beings." ...these unpeopled deserts, these rusty mounds of barrenness..."(Chapter 46)[31]
These descriptions of the often quoted non-arable areas few people would inhabit are as Twain says, "by contrast" to occasional scenes of arable land and productive agriculture: "The narrow canon in which Nablous, or Shechem, is situated, is under high cultivation, and the soil is exceedingly black and fertile. It is well watered, and its affluent vegetation gains effect by contrast with the barren hills that tower on either side"..."Sometimes, in the glens, we came upon luxuriant orchards of figs, apricots, pomegranates, and such things, but oftener the scenery was rugged, mountainous, verdureless and forbidding"..."We came finally to the noble grove of orange-trees in which the Oriental city of Jaffa lies buried"..."Small shreds and patches of it must be very beautiful in the full flush of spring, however, and all the more beautiful by contrast with the far-reaching desolation that surrounds them on every side [32]
Bayard Taylor who wrote of the Jezreel Valley in 1852 ".. one of the richest districts in the world"..."The soil is a dark-brown loam, and, without manure, produces annually superb crops of wheat and barley." [33] Laurence Oliphant wrote in 1887, again of the Valley of Jezreel "..a huge green lake of waving wheat, with its village-crowned mounds rising from it like islands ... it presents one of the most striking pictures of luxuriant fertility which it is possible to conceive"[34]
Kathleen Christison, an American author who spent sixteen years as an analyst for the CIA, was critical of attempts to use Twain's humorous writing as a literal description of Palestine at that time. She writes that "Twain's descriptions are high in Israeli government press handouts that present a case for Israel's redemption of a land that had previously been empty and barren. His gross characterizations of the land and the people in the time before mass Jewish immigration are also often used by US propagandists for Israel."[35] For example she noted that Twain described the Samaritans of Nablus at length without mentioning the much larger Arab population at all.[36] The Arab population of Nablus at the time was about 20,000.[37]
During the 19th century, many residents and visitors attempted to estimate the population without recourse to official data, and came up with a large number of different values. Estimates that are reasonably reliable are only available for the final third of the century, from which period Ottoman population and taxation registers have been preserved.[38]
After a visit to Palestine in 1891, Ahad Ha'am wrote:
From abroad, we are accustomed to believe that Eretz Israel is presently almost totally desolate, an uncultivated desert, and that anyone wishing to buy land there can come and buy all he wants. But in truth it is not so. In the entire land, it is hard to find tillable land that is not already tilled; only sandy fields or stony hills, suitable at best for planting trees or vines and, even that after considerable work and expense in clearing and preparing them- only these remain unworked. ... Many of our people who came to buy land have been in Eretz Israel for months, and have toured its length and width, without finding what they seek.[39]
In 1852 the American writer Bayard Taylor traveled across the Jezreel Valley, which he described in his 1854 book The Lands of the Saracen; or, Pictures of Palestine, Asia Minor, Sicily and Spain as: "one of the richest districts in the world.",[40] while Lawrence Oliphant, who visited Palestine in 1887, wrote that Palestine's Valley of Esdraelon was "a huge green lake of waving wheat, with its village-crowned mounds rising from it like islands; and it presents one of the most striking pictures of luxuriant fertility which it is possible to conceive."[41]
According to Paul Masson, a French economic historian, "wheat shipments from the Palestinian port of Acre had helped to save southern France from famine on numerous occasions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries."[42]
In 1856 H.B. Tristram said of Palestine "A few years ago the whole Ghor (Jordan Valley) was in the hands of the fellaheen, and much of it cultivated for corn. Now the whole of it is in the hands of the Bedouin, who eschew all agriculture…The same thing is now going on over the plain of Sharon where….land is going out of cultivation and whole villages rapidly disappeared….Since the year 1838, no less than twenty villages there have thus erased from the map, and the stationary population extirpated."[43]
In 1920, the League of Nations' Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine stated that there were hardly 700,000 people living in Palestine:
There are now in the whole of Palestine hardly 700,000 people, a population much less than that of the province of Gallilee alone in the time of Christ. Of these 235,000 live in the larger towns, 465,000 in the smaller towns and villages. Four-fifths of the whole population are Moslems. A small proportion of these are Bedouin Arabs; the remainder, although they speak Arabic and are termed Arabs, are largely of mixed race. Some 77,000 of the population are Christians, in large majority belonging to the Orthodox Church, and speaking Arabic. The minority are members of the Latin or of the Uniate Greek Catholic Church, or--a small number--are Protestants.The Jewish element of the population numbers 76,000. Almost all have entered Palestine during the last 40 years. Prior to 1850 there were in the country only a handful of Jews. In the following 30 years a few hundreds came to Palestine. Most of them were animated by religious motives; they came to pray and to die in the Holy Land, and to be buried in its soil. After the persecutions in Russia forty years ago, the movement of the Jews to Palestine assumed larger proportions. Jewish agricultural colonies were founded. They developed the culture of oranges and gave importance to the Jaffa orange trade. They cultivated the vine, and manufactured and exported wine. They drained swamps. They planted eucalyptus trees. They practised, with modern methods, all the processes of agriculture. There are at the present time 64 of these settlements, large and small, with a population of some 15,000.[44]
By 1948, the population had risen to 1,900,000, of whom 68% were Arabs, and 32% were Jews (UNSCOP report, including bedouin).
Whether there was significant Arab immigration into Palestine after the beginning of Jewish settlement there in the late 19th century has become a matter of some controversy. According to Martin Gilbert, 50,000 Arabs immigrated to Mandatory Palestine from the neighboring lands between 1919 and 1939 "attracted by the improving agricultural conditions and growing job opportunities, most of them created by the Jews".[45] The Arab population of Palestine doubled during the mandatory period from 670 000 in 1922 to over 1,2 million in 1948. The estimates on the scope of Arab immigration to Palestine during this period range from insignificant numbers to almost 300 000.[citation needed] According to Itzhak Galnoor, although most of Arab population increase came from natural increase, the Arab immigration to Palestine was not insignificant. Based on his estimates approximately 100 000 Arabs immigrated to Palestine between 1922 and 1948.[46]
The overall assessment of several British reports was that the increase in the Arab population was primarily due to natural increase.[47][48] These included the Hope Simpson report (1930),[49] the Passfield White Paper (1930)[50] the Peel Commission report (1937)[51] and the Survey of Palestine (1945).[52] The 1931 census of Palestine considered the question of illegal immigration since the previous census in 1922.[53] It estimated that unrecorded immigration during that period may have amounted to 9,000 Jews and 4,000 Arabs.[53] It also gave the fraction of persons living in Palestine in 1931 who were born outside Palestine: Muslims, 2%; Christians, 20%; Jews, 58%.[53]
In a 1974 study, Bachi proposed an average of 900 per year for the number of Muslims who were detected as illegal immigrants but not deported.[54] He noted the impossibility of estimating illegal immigration that was undetected, or the fraction of those persons who eventually departed.[54] He suggested, though qualifying it as a "mere guess", that the unexplained increase in the Muslim population between 1922 and 1931 was due to a combination of unrecorded immigration (using the 1931 census report estimate) and undercounting in the 1922 census.[54]
While noting the uncertainty of earlier data, Bachi also observed that the Muslim population growth in the 19th century appeared to be high by world standards:
"[B]etween 1800 and 1914, the Muslim population had a yearly average increase of an order of magnitude of roughly 6-7 per thousand. This can be compared to the very crude estimate of about 4 per thousand for the "less developed countries" of the world (in Asia, Africa, and Latin America) between 1800 and 1910. It is possible that some part of the growth of the Muslim population was due to immigration. However, it seems likely that the dominant determinant of this modest growth was the beginning of some natural increase."[55]
McCarthy explains, "... evidence for Muslim immigration into Palestine is minimal. Because no Ottoman records of that immigration have yet been discovered, one is thrown back on demographic analysis to evaluate Muslim migration."[56][57] McCarthy argues that there is no significant Arab immigration into mandatory Palestine:
From analyses of rates of increase of the Muslim population of the three Palestinian sanjaks, one can say with certainty that Muslim immigration after the 1870s was small. Had there been a large group of Muslim immigrants their numbers would have caused an unusual increase in the population and this would have appeared in the calculated rate of increase from one registration list to another... Such an increase would have been easily noticed; it was not there.[57]
The argument that Arab immigration somehow made up a large part of the Palestinian Arab population is thus statistically untenable. The vast majority of the Palestinian Arabs resident in 1947 were the sons and daughters of Arabs who were living in Palestine before modern Jewish immigration began. There is no reason to believe that they were not the sons and daughters of Arabs who had been in Palestine for many centuries.[58]
McCarthy also concludes that there was no significant internal migration to Jewish areas attributable to better economic conditions:
Some areas of Palestine did experience greater population growth than others, but the explanation for this is simple. Radical economic change was occurring all over the Mediterranean Basin at the time. Improved transportation, greater mercantile activity, and greater industry had increased the chances for employment in cities, especially coastal cities... Differential population increase was occurring all over the Eastern Mediterranean, not just in Palestine... The increase in Muslim population had little or nothing to do with Jewish immigration. In fact the province that experienced the greatest Jewish population growth (by .035 annually), Jerusalem Sanjak, was the province with the lowest rate of growth of Muslim population (.009).[59]
Gad Gilbar has also concluded that the prosperity of Palestine in the 45–50 years before World War I was a result of the modernization and growth of the economy owing to its integration with the world economy and especially with the economies of Europe. Although the reasons for growth were exogenous to Palestine the bearers were not waves of Jewish immigration, foreign intervention nor Ottoman reforms but "primarily local Arab Muslims and Christians."[60]
Demographer Uziel Schmelz, in his analysis of Ottoman registration data for 1905 populations of Jerusalem and Hebron kazas, found that most Ottoman citizens living in these areas, comprising about one quarter of the population of Palestine, were living at the place where they were born. Specifically, of Muslims, 93.1% were born in their current locality of residence, 5.2% were born elsewhere in Palestine, and 1.6% were born outside Palestine. Of Christians, 93.4% were born in their current locality, 3.0% were born elsewhere in Palestine, and 3.6% were born outside Palestine. Of Jews (excluding the large fraction who were not Ottoman citizens), 59.0% were born in their current locality, 1.9% were born elsewhere in Palestine, and 39.0% were born outside Palestine.[61]
Yehoshua Porath believes that the notion of "large-scale immigration of Arabs from the neighboring countries" is a myth "proposed by Zionist writers". He writes:
As all the research by historian Fares Abdul Rahim and geographers of modern Palestine shows, the Arab population began to grow again in the middle of the nineteenth century. That growth resulted from a new factor: the demographic revolution. Until the 1850s there was no "natural" increase of the population, but this began to change when modern medical treatment was introduced and modern hospitals were established, both by the Ottoman authorities and by the foreign Christian missionaries. The number of births remained steady but infant mortality decreased. This was the main reason for Arab population growth. ... No one would doubt that some migrant workers came to Palestine from Syria and Trans-Jordan and remained there. But one has to add to this that there were migrations in the opposite direction as well. For example, a tradition developed in Hebron to go to study and work in Cairo, with the result that a permanent community of Hebronites had been living in Cairo since the fifteenth century. Trans-Jordan exported unskilled casual labor to Palestine; but before 1948 its civil service attracted a good many educated Palestinian Arabs who did not find work in Palestine itself. Demographically speaking, however, neither movement of population was significant in comparison to the decisive factor of natural increase.[62]
Daniel Pipes responded to Porath by granting that From Time Immemorial quoted carelessly, used statistics sloppily, and ignored inconvenient facts. Nonetheless, he explained that:
Miss Peters's central thesis is that a substantial immigration of Arabs to Palestine took place during the first half of the twentieth century. She supports this argument with an array of demographic statistics and contemporary accounts, the bulk of which have not been questioned by any reviewer, including Porath.
Porath replied with an array of demographic data to support his position. He also wrote that Peters's demographic statistics were inexplicable:
...nowhere in her main text or in the methodological appendices (V and VI) did Mrs. Peters bother to explain to her readers how she managed to break down the Ottoman or Cuinet's figures into smaller units than subdistricts. As far as I know no figures for the units smaller than subdistricts (Nahia; the parallel of the French commune), covering the area of Ottoman Palestine, were ever published. Therefore I can't avoid the conclusion that Mrs. Peters's figures were, at best, based on guesswork and an extremely tendentious guesswork at that.[63]
According to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, as of May 2006, of Israel's 7 million people, 77% were Jews, 18.5% Arabs, and 4.3% "others".[64] Among Jews, 68% were Sabras (Israeli-born), mostly second- or third-generation Israelis, and the rest are olim — 22% from Europe and the Americas, and 10% from Asia and Africa, including the Arab countries.[65]
According to Palestinian evaluations, The West Bank is inhabited by approximately 2.4 million Palestinians and the Gaza Strip by another 1.4 million. According to a study presented at The Sixth Herzliya Conference on The Balance of Israel's National Security[66] there are 1.4 million Palestinians in the West Bank. This study was criticised by demographer Sergio DellaPergola, who estimated 3.33 million Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip combined at the end of 2005.[67]
According to these Israeli and Palestinian estimates, the population in Israel and the Palestinian Territories stands at 9.8–10.8 million.
Jordan has a population of around 6 million (2007 estimate).[68][69] Palestinians constitute approximately half of this number.[70]
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Home » News » In This Weekend's Sunday News
July 11. 2014 12:56AM
Special Section: Readers' Choice 2014
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Cushnie et Ochs Fall 2012: Dark and Zip-Driven
The Scene: Carly Cushnie and Michelle Ochs stuck close to their comfort zone of vampy (but never vulgar) cutouts and body-conscious cocktail frocks for fall. But interestingly, hesitant as the pair might seem to drastically evolve this aesthetic, their show's front-rowers included both Jenna Lyons and Barneys' Amanda Brooks—both of whom famously favor less overtly-sexy, more uptown-geared looks. Clearly, even the preppier set longs for a vampy bustier every so often.
The Look: Plenty of Ochs' and Cushnie's fan favorites, from zip-front tight-as-a-glove party dresses to decolletage-framing cutouts. The real story here involved zippers—not only as a closure, but as a trim. Everything from slipdress straps to curving seams to the models' patent pumps was edged in shiny silver zippers. Most of the time, it worked—particularly when single zips outlined a frock's bodice—though some looks were a little too hardware-happy.
Pieces We Want: We think Cushnie et Ochs' greatest hits are always the duo's LBDs with a twist. To that end, one with sculptural winged shoulder pads and another with curved cutouts right above the bust really spoke to us.
Keep up with the Lucky team on Twitter: Follow @LuckyMagazine
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Mobile And Alternative Payments In The U.S., 3rd Edition
Data-driven feature usage is smartphone dependent
Strong feature-driven user base for mobile payments providers to targetTable 4-3: Feature Usage, Phone Bill and App Download Frequency: Smartphone Users vs. Non-Smartphone Users, 2012 25-34s drive usage, but internet, text and e-mail penetration implies broad target population Table 4-4: Smartphone User Feature Usage, Phone Bill and App Download Frequency: By Age Bracket, 2012 Usage consistent across incomes despite significant billing differences Table 4-5: Smartphone User Feature Usage, Phone Bill and App Download Frequency: By HH Income, 2012 Chapter 5: Mobile Banking Trends Summary analysis Mobile bankers 25-34s and non-whites pivotal demographics Table 5-1: Mobile Banking: Usage Penetration, 2012 Mobile banking features and services Almost 50 million using phone to check account balance/recent transactions Remote check deposit is quickly gaining traction Table 5-2: Mobile Banking Features and Services Usage Penetration and Population: U.S. Population, Mobile Phone and Smartphone Users, 2012 Mobile bankers = smartphone users Table 5-3: Mobile Banking and Mobile Banking Frequency: Mobile Phone, Smartphone and Non-Smartphone Users, 2012 Chapter 6: Mobile Payments Trends Summary analysis Mobile payers Gaining a foothold Table 6-1: Mobile Payments Usage Penetration, 2012 But marked by infrequent use Table 6-2: Mobile Payments Per Month, 2012 Mobile payment methods Bill payment has widest usage footprint P2P taking hold 1 in 10 tapping phone at POS; using virtual wallets Table 6-3: Mobile Payment Methods, 2012 It's a generational issue more than a financial one Table 6-4: Mobile Payment Methods: Analysis by Gender, Age and HH income, 2012 Payment cards prevailing funding option, followed by bank account and PayPal Table 6-5: Mobile Payments Funding Sources, 2012
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A third quarter same store sales decline of 1% at Dillard's wasn't enough to dissuade CEO William Dillard, II, from declaring the company is very well positioned for the holidays.
Despite an increase of 1% in comparable store sales, Dillard's CEO William T. Dillard II expressed disappointment in the company's bottom line performance.
While other retailers saw sales affected by a winter that overstayed its welcome, Dillard's marked its 15th consecutive quarter of positive sales.
Dillard's CEO William T. Dillard II voiced disappointment in the retailer's gross margin performance despite what he called a profitable fourth quarter. Although comparable sales grew 2%, the retailer said lower-than-anticipated sales necessitated heavy markdowns.
Strength in ladies accessories and lingerie contributed to a 1% second quarter same store sales increase that helped Dillard's exceed profit forecasts.
Dillard's, a fashion apparel, cosmetics and home furnishings retailer, has selected OpinionLab to extend its omni-channel Voice of Customer program, including its digital, mobile and in-store experiences, with precise insight into what its customers want and need.
Dillard's posted its 10th consecutive quarter of same store sales growth with a 3% gain in the fourth quarter.
Alexa Latimer Dillard, wife of Dillard's founder, the late William Dillard, has passed away.
Dillard's has named Chris Johnson as the company's VP real estate. Johnson, who has served as the Dillard's VP accounting since 2006, will assume the role following the retirement of James Cherry, Jr. in December.
Dillard's posted an impressive 97% increase in earnings per share for its second quarter ended July 28.
Dillard's ended its fiscal year with higher income and increased sales, and heads into 2012 on the heels of a record-setting performance.
Dillard's said Wednesday it has made a strategic investment in e-commerce company Acumen Brands in a move toward enhancing the department store retailer's website dillards.com, as well as Acumen's 12 e-commerce sites.
Further proof that the sluggish economy is affecting higher-income households much less than lower-income households can be found in the quarterly profits of Dillard's and Nordstrom's, which both reported earnings this week.
Shortly after Nordstrom reported a 20% quarterly earnings gain, fellow luxury retailer Dillard's posted net income of $17.6 million, or 32 cents per share, compared with $6.8 million, or 10 cents per share, for the same period last year.
PLANO, Texas — While such higher-end apparel retailers as Nordstrom and Dillard's boasted impressive quarterly earnings and sales, those that cater to the middle class didn't deliver quite as strongly. Case in point, JCPenney, which reported net income of $14 million, or 7 cents per share, for the second quarter ended July 30. Net income for the same period last year was $14 million, or 6 cents per share.
Dillard's said Tuesday that its net income grew 38% in the fourth quarter as its sales improved and the retailer controlled expenses and inventory.
Fortune has released its list of the top 10 Fortune 500 stock performers for 2011, and Dillard's is the lone retailer on the list.


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HKS Hill Glazier Studio
HKS Hill Glazier Studio
Haikou, Hainan Island,
HKS Hill Glazier Studio
The Yale Center for British Art pulls together 300 objects from Horace Walpole's home, Strawberry Hill.
Broadloom carpet made from yarn left over from other carpet lines.
For Carlos Jiménez, his studio represents the good life, a document of his work, and his philosophy of architecture.
ARCHITECT offers architecture news, market intelligence, business and technology
solutions, continuing education, building products, and other resources for practicing
Copyright ©
2014 Hanley Wood Media, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Teledyne Completes Acquisition Of BlueView Technologies
Teledyne Technologies Incorporated (NYSE:TDY) announced today that its subsidiary, Teledyne RD Instruments, Inc. ("Teledyne RDI"), has completed the acquisition of BlueView Technologies, Inc. ("BlueView"). BlueView, located in Seattle, Wash., provides compact forward-looking imaging sonar, microbathymetry systems and 3D scanning sonar. The acquired company will now operate under the name Teledyne BlueView, Inc. Terms of the transaction were not disclosed.
Teledyne Technologies is a leading provider of sophisticated instrumentation, digital imaging products and software, aerospace and defense electronics, and engineered systems. Teledyne Technologies' operations are primarily located in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Mexico. For more information, visit Teledyne Technologies' website at www.teledyne.com.
Forward-Looking Statements Cautionary Notice
This press release contains forward-looking statements, as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, relating to a recent acquisition of a company. Actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Many factors, including the ability of Teledyne RDI and BlueView to achieve anticipated synergies, as well as market and economic conditions beyond either company's control, could change anticipated results.
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Surrounded by lush forests and a fjord on one side, Oslo city breaks are a pleasant blend of fresh air and city life. If you want to head to Norway, the capital is a great place to check out.
Oslo is Norway's largest city, and as such it has the kind of plush atmosphere and great range of things to see that you'd expect. It is an often-overlooked city in Europe in favour of its Scandinavian neighbours Stockholm and Copenhagen, but it's one of the most spectacular. An increasing number of people are looking for city breaks in Oslo, and its walkable size and beautiful sights are just some of the reasons why.
As a city with many personalities, Oslo offers plenty of hotels and accommodation options to suit your travel style. The heart of the city is where you should aim to be, as many stunning attractions like museums and the Noble Peace Centre can be found here, as well as great shopping and train links to the rest of the country like Stavanger and Bergen, and to neighbouring Sweden. From classy 5-star hotels just minutes away from all the action, to rooms with character in stunning B&Bs in quieter neighbourhoods, you can find what you need for your ideal Oslo city break.
Thanks to one of the most comprehensive metro systems in the world – known as the T-bane – heading out to explore the city couldn't be simpler. You'll find a variety of Things to do and discover, such as an amazing array of museums, including a Viking ship-making museum, and great architecture such as Oslo Cathedral and the Opera House.
For retail therapy, Oslo has everything. The town is known as one of the most expensive in Europe - although you can have a thrifty time here - it's also a great place to let your hair down and treat yourself. There are several streets with smaller shops and boutiques lining the way. These include Bygdoy Alle, which is filled with all types of stores, and has plenty of cafés for a quick pit-stop too. If you want the modern shopping experience then you can choose from nine different malls dotted around the city. The newest of these, Byporten, is connected to the T-bane, so you can step right off the train and into shopping heaven.
For nightlife, Oslo city breaks offer you just what you want and are a great way to let your hair down. Start your evening in one of the many great restaurants - the Norwegians are proud of their food, and really into new tastes and food experiences, so expect a great mix of local cuisine and more outlandish delicacies! Head to the Grunerlokka district to find the best density of pubs and clubs; the parties here go well into the night, with alcohol sold until 3:30 in the morning.
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What is USPS?
Our Our members are boating families who contribute to their communities by promoting safe boating through education. We enjoy participating with our fellow members on the water, in the classroom, and out of the water events.We are a nonprofit, volunteer organization for those interested in all types of boating.
We are proud to celebrate 100 years of USPS®
The basic boating course is just the beginning!
"Boating is fun...We'll show you how"


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While there are many foods out there that are harmful to teeth, such as juices, candy and soda, there are also a few that can promote dental health. Recently, Bold Sky published an article explaining what things people can eat to promote a healthy mouth.First, the news source suggested that people eat strawberries, which can work as a natural toothpaste. The information provider also recommended that people take a piece of strawberry and rub it over their teeth, and then brush it away after five minutes. Next, the news source said that people who want a brighter smile should grab some cheese."The acids in cheddar cheese fights plague, takes out food from the teeth and retains the pH balance in the mouth. Whenever you eat cheese, you start salivating. It is not because of the taste only! Cheese increases the secretion of saliva in the mouth," according to the information provider.San Antonio cosmetic dentist John Moore recommends high-fiber fruits and vegetables such as apples and celery, which work as a detergent in the mouth, scrubbing teeth. It's also important to drink a lot of water, to help promote saliva production.For more information on discount dental plans, call 1-888-632-5353
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The materials and articles published on DentalPlans.com are for informational purposes only. Although DentalPlans.com strives to be accurate and complete, the information is provided without liability for errors. DentalPlans.com does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information, text graphics, links, or other items contained on DentalPlans.com.
DentalPlans.com expressly disclaims liability for errors or omissions in these materials and DentalPlans.com makes no commitment to update the information on DentalPlans.com.
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Studer Releases V2.2 Software for On Air 3000
Las Vegas - Apr 11, 2007 - Software version 2.2 for the Studer On Air 3000 Series will be unveiled at NAB2007. New optional functions and modules for 5.1 signals allow control of a 5.1 input signal from a single fader. Stereo downmixing functions are included, along with surround control and monitoring through the Touch 'n' Action interface.
The D21m I/O system for the On Air 3000 can also support the recently launched SDI and Dolby E cards, the latter of which allows the console to decode eight audio channels from a Dolby E stream for processing within the console. The new software connection to the new S Core Live DSP system brings more DSP power to the On Air 3000 and increases the I/O capability of the console to 1728x1728.
The new Reverse Contribution Overview page on the main screen allows the operator to see which channels are contributing to an output bus by a simple switch function. New Management Tools include Advanced Central Error Logging and a System Viewer. Other new features and enhancements include limiters on the aux and N-X buses, a new N-X bus mode called N-1 and full return functions for clean feeds, a Conference MPX option, configurable output routing preset keys for monitoring source selectors, transmission control, studio sharing, direct outputs and talkback to DJ only.
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Hi there,
does anyone use Robocopy for backups?
If so, would you mind sharing your scripts. I want to do Full backups over the weekend and incremental during the week and keep a month on rotation.
Cheers if you can help. If you can't, well thankyou for just ready!
Have fun!


text:
May 2015
Events could be subject to amendment, please verify with event organisers.
17 May
Llanelli Sprint Triathlon
A superb event to kick start the Open water triathlon season. This event has been a firm favourite with triathletes for a number of years and we have some illustrious winners in Helen Jenkins, Mark Jenkins and Oliver Simon.This year's event attracted over 400 athletes who enjoyed a superb event in near perfect weather conditions. We will have 400 places available in 2015 and we expect the race to fill quickly. We would like to encourage all Companies and local organisation to try and enter a relay team into the Llanelli Sprint Triathlon. This is a great team building opportunity and allows companies to promote a healthy living lifestyle to their staff. You can enter a relay team consisting of a swimmer, cyclist and runner. There will be a trophy presented to the first Corporate team on the day.


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What does it mean to be a child in today's world? Do popular images of childhood match the reality of young people's lives? How is childhood affected by poverty, ill-health and adversity? Do children have different rights from adults, and if so why? How are modern lifestyles and technologies changing children's relationships and identities? What part do children play in shaping their childhood? Such questions are the starting point for this cross-disciplinary introduction to childhood and youth studies, covering the age range 0–18 and including audio-visual case studies from three contrasting parts of the world.
OU qualifications are modular in structure; the credits from this undergraduate-level module could count towards a certificate of higher education, diploma of higher education, foundation degree or honours degree.
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This broad-based module on the theme of childhood is:
There are four blocks of study, each with a specially prepared text, along with extensive audio-visual material. Children's own perspectives on their childhood are prominent in the module, drawing on case studies from Cape Town (South Africa), Chittagong (Bangladesh), Oakland (USA) and the UK. These case studies run throughout the module.
Block 1 asks 'What is childhood?' and introduces a range of disciplinary perspectives for studying the concept of childhood. Topics in this block include the history of beliefs about childhood; how childhood changes in different contexts and over time; the growth of scientific approaches to studying children; the significance of socio-cultural approaches for understanding modern childhoods.
Block 2 looks at the distinctiveness of children's cultural worlds by exploring everyday activities of young children and teenagers. The block examines how children and young people in the twenty-first century encounter and creatively adapt to a range of cultural phenomena in an increasingly mediated, commercialised and globalised world. Topics in this block include friendships and the significance of play; youth culture; children's engagement with the media and with information technology; and their power as consumers.
Block 3 highlights the places and spaces in which childhood exists. It builds on the theoretical perspectives introduced in Blocks 1 and 2 to emphasise the materiality of childhood, the physical environments on a macro and micro scale as well as the social context in which children and young people live. This will provide the framework for investigating wider questions about childhood including the power relationships between adults and children, and the influence of gender and inequality.
Block 4 looks at the obstacles that many children face which make childhood both a local experience and a global concern. Topics in this block include the effects of poverty and other adversities – such as violence – on children's health and well-being. Different approaches to intervening in children's lives are discussed, with particular attention to their rights to participation and the ways they can become engaged with social issues, including issues surrounding their status as children.
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See the satisfaction survey results for this course.
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Do you have anything to add to this page? Have we made any mistakes... or do you ahve any additional information about Snowbody Loves Me? If so, we would love to hear from you. Please send us a quick note with your additions or corrections to this page, and we will make the corrections as soon as possible!
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Snowbody Loves MeSnowbody Loves Me (1964) Theatrical Cartoon
This page has been viewed 79 times this month, and 2124 times total.
Sib-Tower 12 Productions Mel Blanc Chuck Jones, Maurice Noble Chuck Jones, Les Goldman Michael Maltese, Chuck Jones Eugene Poddany
- 1964
- Sib-Tower 12 Productions
- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- Theatrical Cartoon
- Cartoon Characters: Tom, Jerry.
- Vocal Talent: Mel Blanc (Vocal Effects).
- Directed By Chuck Jones.
Co-directed By: Maurice Noble.
- Produced By Chuck Jones.
Production Supervisor: Les Goldman.
- Animated By Dick Thompson, Ben Washam, Ken Harris, Don Towsley, Tom Ray.
- Written By Michael Maltese, Chuck Jones.
Additional Crew:
- Layouts: Maurice Noble.
- Backgrounds: Philip De Guard.
Submit Additional Information:
Cartoon Summary:
Waif mouse Jerry, encrusted with snow, peers through a warmly lit window at Tom asleep by the fire in a room full of cheese. Once in the house, Jerry jumps into a... (more)
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Below are comments about this cartoon submitted by people who have seen this show. Take a look and see what others have said about Snowbody Loves Me. We want to know what you think, too!! Feel free to share your own opinion- we do want to hear from you! You can add your own comments here.
Snowbody Loves Me
Comments By: TommyTerrific
Snowbody Loves Me wonderfully synchronizes composer Frederic Chopin piano compositions in this delightful short. Many of Chopin's most popular works are featured here. A "must-see" for any fan of Chopin's music. The slow passages... (read more)
13 of 18 people found this comment useful
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Little Cacapon RiverJoin this group
photo BY chris_wood ON June 6 - 0 COMMENTScatfish
Another one down!
photo BY chris_wood ON May 30 - 1 COMMENTSCasey and Wylie on the Potomac
photo BY chris_wood ON August 12 - 0 COMMENTSSkipping stones on the Little Cacapon
One of the best parts of hanging with kids on the water is how long they can entertain themselves by simply turning over rocks, or skipping stones.
discussion BY chris_wood ON August 8 - 0 COMMENTSBull sharks in the Potomac!
http://blogs.discovery.com/animal_oddities/2013/08/bull-sharks-found-in-potomac-river.html I still remember reading a book as a boy about a bull shark that ran up a river in NJ and killed a father and son. Watch out wet waders! Seven feet and 500 lbs of fun coming at you. Perhaps a new entry for... [ READ MORE... ]
photo BY chris_wood ON August 6 - 2 COMMENTSDouble rainbow
Here's something you don't see everyday--a double rainbow over the Tetons.


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Retouching with Perl
Some Like It Raw
Digital SLR cameras, such as the Nikon D70, will store your images in raw format on request. Of course, doing so consumes vast amounts of card space, and you will need to install the Ubuntu gimp-ufraw package to allow GIMP to handle the raw data.
Although GIMP can read the .nef formatted raw data, it can't actually store files in this format, which explains why picfix changes the file suffix to .png shortly before writing to tell GIMP to save the results in PNG format.
- Listings for this article: ftp://ftp.linux-magazin.com/pub/listings/magazine/94/
- Grokking the GIMP by Carey Bunks: http://gimp-savvy.com/BOOK/
- Additional GIMP and photo-manipulation books: http://gimp-savvy.com/EXTRAS/books.html
- Tutorial on the GIMP Perl interface: http://imagic.weizmann.ac.il/~dov/gimp/perl-tut-2.0/
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We have no old photos of Washwood Heath available currently. However you can browse old photos of these nearby places:
Historic maps of Washwood Heath and the local area, hand-drawn by Ordnance Survey cartographers and Samuel Lewis.
Browse 74 photo books on Washwood Heath and the surrounding area.
My family and I, 5 sisters and a brother, lived in Nigel road just up from the Washwood Heath Road. I was born in the house in Nigel Road in 1948 so were my siblings. My ...Read full memory
I can remember the boat shed in the park and where the swings used to be. There was a cafe-cum-ice cream seller in the white house and the most beautiful greenhouse full of strange ...Read full memory
My parents William Joseph Shakespeare and Hetty Constance Smart were married in Washwood Heath Methodist Church on 1st June 1940. I was married to Margaret Tudor in the ...Read full memory
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adidas Youth Atlanta Hawks Primary Logo Navy T-Shirt
Product Information:
Your young fan can take his or her Hawks pride wherever they go with the adidas® Atlanta Hawks Team Logo T-Shirt. The soft cotton material delivers lightweight breathability, perfect for a heated matchup of one-on-one or a home game going down to the wire. The large Hawks logo on the front chest lets fellow fans and bitter rivals know where their NBA® devotion lies.
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- adidas
Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 23398706


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"Love how the card is for a birth announcement and holiday greeting! Saves new parents money in cards and postage so they can buy more diapers!"
"The card was a high quality paper and turned out better then we imagined. Perfect way to share the announcement of our new daughter with friends and family."
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9th January 2013
New York: Trans teacher sues school after being told 'you're worse than gay' 13
6:11 PM — A transgender teacher in New York City was allegedly fired from a Catholic school, having worked there for 32 years, after being branded "worse than gay."
US: Trans man to be ordained as Catholic Priest 4
3:30 PM — A trans man is set to be ordained as a Catholic Priest in the US state of Minnesota by a church which combines traditional teachings with progressive values.
7th January 2013
UK: Transgender doctor under investigation by the General Medical Council 18
5:58 PM — Britain's first post-operative transgender doctor is under investigation following complaints that he provided inappropriate treatment to patients wishing to change gender.
2nd January 2013
US: Transgender man faces difficulty in getting divorced from wife 25
10:47 AM — Thomas Beatie, a transgender father of three, is fighting an Arizona judge to get a divorce from his wife of nine years, Nancy Beatie, with a decision due next month.
28th December 2012
Transgender Big Brother star Luke Anderson: I want to start a family 55
7:55 PM — Big Brother 2012 winner Luke Anderson says he hopes to start a family in the new year.
Manchester: Road survey criticised for asking gender-related questions 24
12:53 PM — Local government officials in Greater Manchester have defended a transport public consultation document that asks respondents to identity their race, sexuality and gender following complaints.
21st December 2012
Video: Amsterdam hosts the Drag Queen Olympics in spectacular style
5:48 PM — As part of the Pink Christmas event currently being held in Amsterdam, the Drag Queen Olympics have kicked off in spectacular style.
New Hampshire's first transgender representative signals fight back to office 2
4:57 PM — A transgender New Hampshire state representative, who resigned last month, says she will stand again for election next year.
Ireland: Mobile phone advert deemed transphobic by media watchdog 23
4:02 PM — The Advertising Standards Authority for Ireland (ASAI) has upheld complaints against Irish mobile phone company Meteor over a transphobic advert.
19th December 2012
UK: Primary school writes to parents to explain that their child's teacher will be changing gender 60
5:14 PM — A Church of England primary school has written to parents to explain that their children's teacher will be changing genders from male to female.
Trans model gives Michelle Obama a run for her money on cover of trans magazine
11:13 AM — Candy, the transversal style magazine has featured trans model Connie Fleming as a Michelle Obama style "Candydate" of choice.
18th December 2012
New York: Body-building fireman acquitted of attacking trans partner 2
3:35 PM — A jury has acquitted a firefighter of several assault charges brought against him by his transgender ex-girlfriend – and in a twist to the story is now dating another transgender woman who herself was cleared of a fatal strangulation charge.
13th December 2012
US: Trans model still loves ex-partner despite violent attack 3
3:07 PM — The trial of a New York fire fighter accused of attacking his transgender ex-partner in a hotel room is drawing to a close.
April Ashley receives MBE for services to trans rights 14
1:27 PM — Liverpool-born actress and campaigner April Ashley is being honoured with an MBE today for services to transgender equality.
4th December 2012
Iran reveals more than 1,000 gender reassignment operations in four years 19
6:03 PM — An Iranian news service has said that more than one thousand Iranians have undergone gender reassignment surgery in the Islamic State between 2006 and 2010
American Psychiatric Association to stop classifying transgender people as having a mental illness 17
4:08 PM — The American Psychiatric Association has agreed to no longer classify people who are transgender and non-gender conforming as having mental illness.
29th November 2012
Leveson Report: Press has failed to respect the dignity of trans people 4
4:47 PM — Trans Media Watch (TMW), the charity that works to improve media coverage of transgender and intersex issues and had previously submitted testimony to his inquiry, has welcomed the publication of Lord Justice Leveson's report into media standards.
28th November 2012
Future of New Hampshire's first elected transgender representative uncertain 3
7:38 PM — Representative-elect Stacie Laughton of Nashua, New Hampshire, who won election just a few weeks ago but seemed on Tuesday to step down, now wants New Hampshire's residents to decide her fate.
27th November 2012
EU officials release survey on discrimination 8
9:53 AM — The European Commission has published its latest survey on discrimination in the EU, including on grounds of sexual orientation and for the first time gender identity.
22nd November 2012
Film Preview: Laurence Anyways 1
4:20 PM — You may or may not have already heard about the third feature from Quebec's rising director Xavier Dolan about the effect of being trans on a heterosexual relationship. It caused a stir when it screened in the Certain Regard category at this year's Cannes, with its leading lady stealing Best Actress within that competition, and the movie itself grabbing the Queer Palm at the same film festival.


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To Celebrate our wedding my fiance' and I decided that we will host our grand giveaway for a Dinair Airbrush Makeup Kit. This giveaway will run for a longer amount time to allow more people to enter but also because I want it to end on my wedding day as a way for you guys to celebrate with us. :)
The winner will get to choose their own colors, options include choosing the color of your unit from the 4 normal choices in the picture (not including the hot pink on the actual airbrush below), you also get to pick your skin tone from Fair, Medium, Tan, or Dark. Please read all the information as this giveaway since such a large one will have no exceptions to mistakes.
(**please read all the info, no exceptions for mistakes so ensure that you do everything correct**)
To Enter the Giveaway FOLLOW my blog and LEAVE a COMMENT (no anonymous comments you must be a PUBLIC follower to this blog) comment on this blog post with all the info below that you complete.
1. You MUST be a subscriber to my blog.
2. You must leave a valid e-mail in your comment that I can contact you at.
3. If you win I will send you an e-mail and you must respond within 48 hours or another winner will be picked.
4. Please do not comment multiple times...leave everything you do in one comment, there will be no exception to this (if you forget something DELETE your old comment and start a new one).
5. The giveaway will run from February 24th to my wedding day May 4th, 2011 11:59 EST (any comments made after will not be counted)
2. You MUST Follow my Youtube Channel. Leave your Youtube user name in your comment. x1 entry
3. Blog about my giveaway. Leave the link to your blog post in your comment. x1 entry
4. Add a picture and link to this giveaway on your blog side bar. Leave the link to your blog. x1 entry
5. Add my blog to your blogroll. Leave the link to your blog. x1 entry
6. Like me on Facebook. x1 entry
7. Do a makeup look Star Wars themed, you must be holding a piece of paper with your user name on it so I know it's yours. (leave this as a video response on my youtube and note in your video what your user name is on here) x3 entry ***I will be posting the video shortly so if you plan to do a Youtube look please just leave your youtube user name in your entry comment on here and that you plan to do one.)
If you do all the additional entries you will have a total of x10 entries for x10 chances to win. :)
You must be 18 years of age or have your parents permission to enter, this is open worldwide but if you are international it may take a little longer to receive your package depending on shipping.
I will be validating all information for additional entries as well as ensuring you are a subscriber. Also continue to follow me for more giveaways, no one likes when someone subscribes just to win the loot and run. ;)
Note: This item is being purchased by myself and with the help of my wonderful fiance' <3.


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Something's starting to smell fishy in Arizona
Find a Conversation
|Tue, 01-11-2011 - 1:37pm
Has anyone else heard that the outspoken sheriff, the one who is out front politicizing the shooting, might be trying to cover up the fact that his dept has had run ins with the suspect in the past...including reports of the shooter making threats on the lives of more than one person in the past? The sheriff assured the citizens that the suspect was being well managed in the mental health agencies of the county and that filing charges wouldn't help the citizens. Also that the suspect's mom is a county employee...if that is the case how might this have influenced the dept's decisions not to press charges? If a felony charge had been brought against this mad man, would he have been able to purchase that gun? Does the sheriff maybe have cause to worry that he needs to cover his own rear end? Hmmmm, I was wondering why this man was so out front in his placing of blame...unusual for a law enforcement position. Maybe this makes sense......
|Mon, 01-17-2011 - 10:19am
I am repeating because there still has been no acknowledgment that the introductory clause clearly states the purpose for the people's right to bear arms.
|Mon, 01-17-2011 - 10:14am
I really hate this format, it takes forever to load, and I have no idea what you are laughing at.
|Sun, 01-16-2011 - 11:26pm
Clearly - I misunderstood something. It could just be that I am being overly sensitive. The llast month has been really hard on me..
|Sun, 01-16-2011 - 10:40am
believe it or not i agree with you. I think it is pretty obvious that "the people" means individual rights. It is stated all over the constitution.
Iam a supporter of gun control, but "the people do have the right to bear arms" the
|Sun, 01-16-2011 - 10:03am
Sorry, no need to keep repeating yourself, I know what argument you are making. I think that there is no way that a reasonable person (in court terms) could look at what they wrote and determine that people do not have the right to bear arms.
It gives the states their right in the first part, and the people the right in the second part. Otherwise, what is the function of the second part? Just a little prose they added? What do you think it means, nothing? They were pretty concise with the Constitution.
|Sun, 01-16-2011 - 9:26am
I have tried to express repeatedly that there was a purpose to the Second which transcends individual firearms ownership for the sake of personal self-defense.
|Sun, 01-16-2011 - 12:31am
Here's the whole thing...
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
You would need to do a lot of twisting, turning, and quite a bit of fantasy to say that the right for the people to keep and bear arms isn't there. It's short and direct. It's as clear as a bell. What can't be infringed? The right of the States to have a militia and the right of the people to bear arms. They would have stopped at the militia part if they didn't want people to have the right also.
Well, the first amendment doesn't even say that the people have the right to free speech, at least not as directly as the 2nd does about bearing arms.


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