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Emergent BioSolutions Reports Financial Results For Second Quarter And First Six Months Of 2013
Selling, General and Administrative
For Q2 2013, selling, general and administrative expenses were $20.5 million, an increase of $2.6 million from $17.9 million for Q2 2012. For the six month period of 2013, selling, general and administrative expenses were $40.5 million, an increase of $3.1 million from $37.4 million for the comparable period of 2012. The increase in both periods was primarily due to costs related to the restructuring of the company's U.K. operations and, to a lesser extent, costs associated with increased professional services.
Financial Condition and Liquidity
Cash and cash equivalents plus accounts receivable balance, which consists of unpaid amounts due from the US government under our procurement and development contracts, at June 30, 2013 was $210.6 million compared to $193.2 million at March 31, 2013 and $237.7 million at December 31, 2012.Conference Call and Webcast Company management will host a conference call at 5:00 pm Eastern on Monday, August 5, 2013 to discuss these financial results. The conference call will be accessible by dialing 888.713.4217 or 617.213.4869 (international) and providing passcode 80425830. A webcast of the conference call will be accessible from the company's website at www.emergentbiosolutions.com, under "Investors." A replay of the conference call will be accessible, approximately two hours following the conclusion of the call, by dialing 888.286.8010 or 617.801.6888 and using passcode 43500766. The replay will be available through August 12, 2013. The webcast will be archived on the company's website, www.emergentbiosolutions.com, under "Investors." About Emergent BioSolutions Inc. Emergent BioSolutions is a specialty pharmaceutical company seeking to protect and enhance life by offering specialized products to healthcare providers and governments to address medical needs and emerging health threats. Additional information about the company may be found at www.emergentbiosolutions.com. Follow us on twitter: @emergentbiosolu Safe Harbor Statement This press release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements, other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our financial guidance, and any other statements containing the words "believes", "expects", "anticipates", "intends", "plans", "estimates" and similar expressions, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on our current intentions, beliefs and expectations regarding future events. We cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be accurate. Investors should realize that if underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could differ materially from our expectations. Investors are, therefore, cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this press release, and, except as required by law, we do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect new information, events or circumstances.
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You can read about neurosurgical techniques, but to really learn it, experts say you have to see a brain surgeon in action. While the capacity for live observation in a surgical suite is limited, technology has now advanced to the point where a webcast is almost as good as being there, says Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD, a neurosurgeon with the Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis. He had been trying to locate a webcasting platform that would allow him to broadcast ...
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In this blog I explore Resilience: "the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks" (Brian Walker).
Resilience shows the boundaries to sustainability. It shows what type of systems are able to survive a long time of low/medium stress or a short duration of high stress.
The resilience of a system is influenced by the level of outside disorder the system has to cope with and the internal state of the system itself.
Fragile systems are destroyed by a low level of stress or a small crash. Fragile systems have to be protected otherwise they break. Anti-fragile (a term coined by Nassim Taleb) systems benefit and grow from shocks and stress.
A body benefits from training (= stress) but too much training destroys the body.
If you increase the size a fragile system, it becomes more fragile. If you increase the size of an antifragile system, it becomes more anti-fragile.
Big systems are almost always anti-fragile unless they are one-sided. In this case they are an easy target for a one-sided big calamity.
Agile systems adapt to different situations all the time. Anti-agile structures resist change. Robust system don't change too much under stress.
Resilience is the fight between internal order and external disorder.
In the end the disorder (entropy) always wins. It wins by making every thing the same.
Humans are forward foragers with a bilateral circular brain.
This brain creates paradoxes by constantly uniting (zoom-in) and not-uniting (zoom-out).
Humans want to protect themselves for what could happen in the future.
Humans need social structures to become resilient. In these structures they have to balance the paradox of selflessness and not-selflessnes (selfishness).
Humans have bodily mechanisms that keep them from growing boundlessly. Social structures tend to expand beyond the limit.
Nature uses positive (increase) and negative (decrease) feed-back to control growth. When too much growth is measured by the bodily sensors the not-growth system is activated.
The anthropologist Alan Fiske has created a model that classifies human relations. He explains his model with measurement theory and structure preserving mappings. We measure others the same way we measure objects and situations.
The most flexible structure preserving mapping, the symmetric groep (combinations), explains the most selfless human relation, Communal Sharing.
Communal Sharing is extremely Agile. Everytime when the environment changes new combinations can be made.
A sharing community looks like a living system and achieves resilience by repeating the same proven functionality in a different way.
The less flexible mapping is standardization. We are currently too much focused on efficiency. By reducing the complexity of our reality (analytics) we are preparing the way for the machines to take over.
Standardization and the related Market-Pricing Social Structure is Anti-Fragile. Some people, The Hawks, extremely benefit when things go wrong.
Hierarchic analytic structures (Authority Ranking Social Structure) are robust but also vulnerable when they are too efficient (not redundant). In this case the amount of escape routes out of a calamity is minimal.
Resilience has to do with Category Theory, Combinatorics, Fractals, Symmetry and Scaling. A combination of highly stable flexible structures is repeated on every level of scale.
About 5P-Systems
Systems are a structure preserving mapping from physical space to mental space.
Systems have Potential (Components/Resources/Connections), Possibility (Mental State Space, Combinations), Plan (One Occurrence of a Possible Combination of Components), Practice (Physical World, Flow, Input, Process, Output) and Protection (Boundary).
The output of a System is the Input of another System.
Boundaries are not walls. They are semi-permeable filters. Just like the walls of a city they contain gates to let the good things in and throw the bad things (waste) out. When you destroy the boundary, the system falls apart.
Sensors are the gates in de wall of the boundary. They determine what the system is able to perceive. Sensors are selectors. They divide the outside world in two parts, the perceived world and the not-perceived world.
Systems produce events. Events are reactions of other systems to events of other systems. The resilience of a system is dependent on the resilience of its parts and the whole, the ecology, it is part of.
The behavior of a system and the environmental demands upon it are related. This relationship is established through the selection of systems that continue to survive in the environment. A system is a mirror of its environment.
After a destructive event a system can be repaired or restore itself in a certain timeframe. Pushed to the extreme, a system may also transform itself into a completely different structure because the components are put into another Order.
This order is functional or not-functional. In the last situation the structure is left behind and will deteriorate because everything deteriorates on the long term.
Another Order can be caused by a new shuffle of the cards or a new principle that defines why a component has more value than others.
About Evolution
Extreme stress kills a system but stimulates a new evolutionary path.
'"In fact, the most interesting aspect of evolution is that it only works because of its antifragility; it is in love with stressors, randomness, uncertainty, and disorder — while individual organisms are relatively fragile, the gene pool takes advantage of shocks to enhance its fitness". (Nassim N. Taleb)
Nassim Taleb's body of work on uncertainty reminds us that we should focus on the non-perishable and avoid some of the pitfalls of modernity, like our constant desire to fetishize the 'new'.
Bicycles, kitchens and cars are all very similar to what they were thirty years ago. "Once in a while you have a breakthrough like the computer but otherwise, it pretty much stayed the same. If anything, we use technologies to produce old goods in a cheaper manner".
Evolution is a combinatorial game that tries to improve the whole. Evolution reuses parts of the old structure and adds something new by creating new connections.
About the Dual Brain
In the beginning the chemical soup generated self-reproducing chemical factories. These factories combined into bigger factories by exchanging and combining their factory-designs (DNA-parts).
Every time when the factories fused they became more efficient, bigger, stronger, older and therefore more competitive. When the factories became more competitive they started to protect themselves against the other factories.
To protect themselves the multi-cellular systems began to sense in many directions and became better and better in predicting the future.
Humans are clusters of bacteria. In the first stage of our evolution, the Sponge, the cluster was static. In the next stage the cluster began to move in circels and developed a radial brain (a nerve net).
Humans are part of the Bilateria, organisms that forage forward. We make use of a radial connected dual brain in which one part is synthetic and the other part is analytic.
The dual brain is a paradox. It unites and not-unites.
Humans use a combination of three bilateral brains: the brain of the reptiles, the social brain of the mammals, and the neocortex, our own calculating talking mind.
This triple brain is a good example of an evolutionary process in which old structures were reused and new parts were added.
The reptile brain of the body gathers data by its sensors and reacts (Stimulus/Response) with the motor-system.
The social brain looks for a partner (to create children), friends, family and competitors to fight/flight or to freeze with (enemies). The enemy is something the social brain shares with the reptile brain.
The neo-cortex is the computer. It is able to reason about the causal chains that are sensed by the social and body brain.
The imagination (spirit) controls the whole of the brain and the body and is situated in the thalamus. The thalamus projects the calculations of the neocortex on our internal screen.
About Human Civilization
In our earliest societies humans lived as hunter-gatherers.
The first step towards civilization is the move from hunter-gatherer to agriculture with the domestication and farming of wild crops and animals.
Agricultural production leads to food surpluses and this in turn supports sedentary societies, rapid population growth, and specialization of labor.
Large societies tend to develop ruling classes and supporting bureaucracies, which leads to larger organizations that want to control the world.
For a very long time the hierachy was the most important control-system in use.
Currently the center of the system is moving from the top to the bottom because of the rise of communication technology (Internet).
About Human Needs
Maslow's famous Hierarchy of Needs included five motivational needs divided into basic (or deficiency) needs (e.g. physiological, safety, love, and esteem) and growth needs (self-actualization).
A violation of a need motivates a human into action. When the violation is too big (a disaster) most humans get into violent action (fight), flight the disaster zone or freeze and don't do anything. The fight/flight/freeze-respons is related to the reptile brain.
The needs can be divided into four independent categories: (1) The needs of the body, (2) The social needs, (3) The needs of the mind and (4) the needs of the spirit (growth, creativity, insight, idea, identity, whole).
The spirit is the power that stimulates us to reach the Top of the Pyramid of Maslow, to become a whole, realize our potential and find self-fulfillment. With the imagination humans get insight about the future and make plans to prevent calamities.
The mind expands to its ultimate potential by training. It needs to find patterns to control and predict its environment. This has to do with the so called "Illusion of Control". Too much control (paranoid) generates the fear to lose control.
The body expands to its ultimate potential by physical exercise (but not too much exercise).
The spirit (or self) grows by exploring every thing and keeping the good.
The soul needs many others to praise him/her. To much praise creates the state of narcissism, the soul is in love with its self (spirit).
Human needs are constant through all human cultures and across historical time periods. What changes over time and between cultures is the way these needs are satisfied.
Human needs are interrelated and interactive. Some needs are conflicting. Others are synergic.
An attempt to satisfy one need can inhibit or destroy others. For example, an Arms Race satisfies the need for protection, while destroying the need for subsistence, freedom or participation.
Humans feel happy when the four conflicting and synergic needs are in balance. When their needs are in balance they are able to handle small and big, positive and negative events.
About Holmes Life Event Scale
In 1967, psychiatrists Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe examined the medical records of over 5,000 medical patients as a way to determine whether stressful events might cause illnesses. He found that a disturbance of social needs has the highest impact in life.
About the Kubler Ross Transition Curve
The Kubler Ross Transition Curve shows how people react when a mostly social (loss of partner) life event becomes too big to handle.
In this case the resilience of the human fails. The first step in the transition is controlled by the Fight, Flight, Freeze Respons of the Sensory-Motor System.
About the Human Set-Point
Set Point Theory predicts that wellbeing tends to fluctuate around a level that generally remains uniform over time.
An event of which the pulse is bigger than the bandwidth of the fluctuation around the set-point triggers the FFF-respons of the reptile brain.
After sometimes a very long time of grieve eventually a human returns to his personal fluctuating path.
Set Point Theory shows that Life is a Cyclic Proces that always tries to restore it self. The stability of wellbeing can be ascribed to a dynamic equilibrium model, a homeostasis.
The tangible mechanisms that underpin homeostasis (resilience) are wealth (potential) and relationships (connectedness).
If individuals experience negative events, compromising their immediate wellbeing, they can utilize some of their wealth to purchase resources that can be utilized to defend these problems.
Similarly, they can utilize the support and intimacy of other people in their life, especially partners and children.
The other mechanisms are cognitive processes. For example, individuals can reconceptualize their goals to accommodate negative events.
If debilitated by age or disease, they can derive meaning from other pursuits. They can trivialize the importance of adversities.
People who respond rapidly to a threat with a surge of the stress hormones adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol and recover quickly cope better with stressful situations.
Resilient people are better at using the hormone dopamine to keep them positive. They have a healthily large hippocampus which as well as enabling the formation of new memories also helps regulate the release of the fight-or-flight hormone adrenalin and have a strongly active prefrontal cortex, the brain region dubbed 'the seat of rational thinking'.
This inhibits the amygdala, the part of the brain that processes negative emotions such as fear and anger, allowing the prefrontal cortex to come up with a sensible plan to cope with a threat.
The Human Set-Point moves up when you are young & down when you are old and is highly influenced by extreme life-events.
Such an event triggers the Sensory Motor System and almost stops the other Systems (Emotions, Imagination, Rationality) until the Pulse has dampened.
About Human Resilience
Psychological resilience is defined as an individual's ability to properly adapt to stress and adversity.
Stress and adversity can come in the shape of family or relationship problems, health problems, or workplace and financial stressors, among others.
The primary factor in resilience is having positive relationships inside or outside one's family.
There are several other factors which develop and sustain a person`s resilience:
(1) The ability to make realistic plans and being capable of taking the steps necessary to follow through with them.
(2) A positive self-concept and confidence in one's strengths and abilities.
(3) Communication and problem-solving skills.
(4) The ability to manage strong impulses and feelings.
Ultimately resilience is a process of connectedness, of linking to people, to interests, and ultimately to life itself.
The seven aspects of Resilience are:
- Access to material resources (Availability of financial, educational, medical and employment assistance and/or opportunities, as well as access to food, clothing and shelter).
- Access to supportive relationships (Relationships with significant others, peers and adults within one's family and community).
- Development of a desirable personal identity (Desirable sense of one's self as having a personal and collective sense of purpose, ability for self-appraisal of strengths and weaknesses, aspirations, beliefs and values, including spiritual and religious identification).
- Experiences of power and control (Experiences of caring for one's self and others, the ability to effect change in one's social and physical environment in order to access health resources).
- Adherence to cultural traditions (Adherence to, or knowledge of, one's local and/or global cultural practices, values and beliefs).
- Experiences of social justice (Experiences related to finding a meaningful role in one's community that brings with it acceptance and social equality)
- Experiences of a sense of cohesion with others (Balancing one's personal interests with a sense of responsibility to the greater good; feeling a part of something larger than one's self socially and spiritually).
About Human Resilience – Forces in Balance
Human Resilience is accomplished when the four parts of the human are in balance. The four parts are synergetic and conflicting. The best way to describe them is to see them as forces that are represented by vectors.
The vectors of the human powers point in different directions (Up, Down, Forward, Backward) just like the Forward Forager of Ken Wilber.
In a balanced situation they cancel each other out.
Resilience is possible when the Sum of the four Forces of the Human: Mind (Up, Abstraction), Body (Right, Forwards to the Future, Cause/Effect), Spirit (Left, Back tho the Whole) and Soul (Down to Earth) is close to zero.
To handle a big Event there has to be enough surplus Potential (Components/Resources/Connections) available to act.
The most important Support System for humans is their social network.
Humans Need Humans is a recursive (Fractal) statement.
About Paths of Change
Paths of Change (PoC) is a general theory about Change developed by Will McWhinney. PoC is used in this blog to compare all kinds of theories and find the best of all worlds.
Will McWhinney based Paths of Change on the ancient wisdom of the Navajo Pollen Path.
PoC makes use of the concept of World Views. A World View is an independent way to look at the world.
The term View is perhaps confusing because some people don't look at the world at all. They feel, imagine or think about the World.
There are four basic World Views that Will McWhinney named Unity ("I know there is only one Truth"), Sensory ("The World is a Network of Causal Chains"), Mythic ("I Imagine my own World") and Social ("The World is what the Network of Others value").
"Normal" people are able to play with two (or more) world views. Pathological People use only one Worldview.
The four World Views are described by two variables called Agency and Communion.
Agency emphasises the Self as a distinct unit; it focuses on the persons own individual Influence. Agency has two states (1) I am in Control or (2) Something (or Somebody) is Controlling me.
Communion is a motive for the Connection with an Other; it is a motive to participate in a larger Union. Communion has also two states (3) I am alone (4) I am connected.
Behind the two variables lies a 1D model, the model of the Bilateral Brain, Left-Expansion/Analytic (0->) and Righ-Compression/Synthetic (0<-).
Path of Change uses a 2D-model in which the two states are combined: 0->0->, <-o<-0, 0-><-0, <-00->.
The four combinations of PoC are:
(1,3) Mythic (Self, Identity, Whole, Individual, Imagination, Creativity, Culture, Innovation, Inventor, Ideas, Insight, Being, (->->0), Histrionic, Static Equilibrium),
(1,4) Social (We, Emotions, Choice, Classify, Priority, Values, Motivation, Group, Interacting, Conflict, (->0<-), Dependent, Egalitarian, Dynamic Equilibrium),
(2,3) Unity (It, Thinking, Patterns, Models. Laws, Rules, Control, Theory, Having, Compression, (0<-<-), Paranoid, Hierarchy, Polystable),
(2,4) Sensory (They, Sensory-Motor-System, Perceive, Act, Stimulus-Respons, Desire, Practice, Doing, Expansion, (0->->), Schizophrenic, Fatalism, Neutral Equilibrium).
There is a Fifth Worldview that is outside the 2×2-matrix in 3D. It represents the Observer/Consciousness. In 2D is shows itself in the Cross in the middle of the matrix.
Path of Change is a Fractal Theory
Worldviews can be connected. Controlling (Unity) a human who wants to commune (Social) is called Politics. It is also possible to apply a worldview to another worldview. Abstracting (Unity) Human Relations becomes a Social Network.
Path of Change is an Ancient Theory
Path of Change is an ancient theory. It was known and used all over the world with different names and implementations. The worldviews were translated into visible Star Systems (Zodiac), People ("Gods" (India, Egypt,..)), Animals (Medicine Wheel), Games (Chess, Cards (TARO-T)) or Regulations (Laws (China), Religions).
A good example is China. In China Paths of Change was called the Sheng Cycle. In the Sheng Cycle the Observer was projected in the 2D-matrix by introducing a fifth view.
The Sheng Cycle was used to model the body (Acupuncture), the material context (buildings, city, ecology) (Feng Shui) and the state & society (Sun Tsu (the Art of War)).
The organs, the body, the community, the state and the universe were seen as Flow Systems of Energy (Chi) that get into trouble when the flow is disrupted.
This disruption can be caused by blockages or by an input (an event) that is too big or too small to handle. The solution to a problem is to open one channel without causing too much overflow at another point in the system. The diagnosis is done on a place in the system (the pulse) where all the systems get together.
Old Chinese Scientists have developed all kinds of correspondence-tables between worldviews and situations. This makes it possible to reuse a theory by changing the semantics.
About Path of Change and Life Events
Path of Change describes the Paths along people (or organizations, or societies) change.
This change is triggered by an external or internal Event. Events are handled by the Sensory-Motor-System.
From the Sensory-Motor-System, the Event can bounce back to the Sensory-Motor-System which reacts with the Fight, Flight, Freeze Respons (FFFR, "I am Afraid").
The event can propagate further to the Emotions (I Feel what Matters in this Situation), The Imagination (I See What has happened) or the Pattern-Recognition State of Thinking (I know what happened).
The event moves further in the Network until the pulse of the Event comes back to the Sensory-Motor System that Reacts.
Paths of Change are Feed-Back-Systems that try to adapt the human Body (Sensory-Motor), Mind (Patterns, Memory), Emotions or Identity (Imagination) to the current situation.
The possible amount of steps and Time an event travels in the Internal Network cannot be calculated. There are sixteen (4×4) possible paths of length two and many more when the path rotates (with- or against the Clock) and loops through the network. It can take many years before the body acts upon an event.
The FFFR-respons offers a very fast-reaction mechanism which uses predefined scripts when the system evaluates that the Event will be fatal.
The way Events are handled is determinated by the combination of the Worldviews of the Person (his Personality) at stake and his experience (Memory). Almost fatal events are stored in memory.
About Resilience – Homeostasis
A Homeostatis is a System that determinates what action(s) will compensate an Event and keep the total System in balance.
Our Mind (Unity, Neocortex) is a Homeostasis that controls the Homeostasis of Our (Social, Limbic) Emotions that controls the Homeostasis of the Sensory Reptilian Brain. This part of the brain is concerned with survival.
The thinking Mind, the social Emotions (Soul), the active Sensory-Motor System (Body) and the creative Imagination (Spirit) are coordinated by the thalamus. The thalamus could be the fourth and most ancient brain.
The System ("the whole", Mythic) has to react to an Event in the Environment but it also has to keep its state of Homeostasis ("Balance") on all levels.
Last but not least the system has to replace every part that is not able to play its role in the system. This process is called autopoiesis.
Cells are killed (apoptosis) when they don't fit in the overall picture. Between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult. For an average child between the ages of 8 and 14, approximately 20 billion to 30 billion cells die a day.
The Four Worldview's are (Fractal sub-)Systems that keep their own balance and act as sensors for the other sub-systems.
The sub-systems contain sub-sub-systems (Body, Organ, Cell, …) that all have to stay in balance (or die) and send their signals on their own level (electro-magnetic, chemical, ..) using their own communication-infrastructure to their own control center that is monitored by a higher level control center (etc. etc).
The systems are also part of super(-super-super-systems) (Family, Social Group, Organization, …Universe).
The System of Systems (of Systems, …) develops itself in the same pattern as the system itself. Mind (Unity) moves Up, Body/Matter mover Right (Causal), Social/Soul moves Down and Mythic (Imagination) moves Left (back to the Source).
If the four forces are in balance the total system expands and compresses in a Spiral Pattern. The same pattern as we see in the Ancient Cathedrals.
The nice thing is that on every level you look (or analyze, or evaluate, or sense, or see) the same structure comes back so you don't have to create a new structure to get a better insight.
When you believe PoC is a self-referencing ("fractal") system you can apply what you know if you are able to distinguish the right level/scale of the many scales there are. If you mix up scales the whole system looks like a big mess.
Just like the five elements in the generating (with-the-clock) Sheng Cycle (or the against-the clock destructing Wu Cycle) every Worldview is connected to the others views and compensates (is a Homeostasis for) another Worldview and vice-versa.
There are twelve connections possible between different views and four with the same view which brings the total amount of possible connection on 16 (4×4).
Examples are:
Unity (Control/Compression) compensates Sensory (Action/Expansion).
Mythic, the Interest of the Self compensates the Interest of the Group (Social).
Social (Emotions, Down, Earth) compensates Unity (Abstraction, Up, Sky, Mind).
Sensory (Sense & React, Forwards to the Outside) compensates Mythic (Imagination, Insight, Backwards to Inside).
The Consciousness ("the fifth worldview") monitors the four Worldview's and triggers a worldview that brings the system in another state that triggers a new worldview that brings the system in another state (etc etc).
Worldview's trigger other Worldview's directly or move to a higher state of abstraction (Mind) that is able to move to a higher abstraction until it has to move back to Earth (Soul/Social).
The system is constantly adapting its adaptions until it dies.
Adaption can only happen when the transport/communication-channels are not blocked and the system is able to remove the blockages in the channels.
About Flow Systems
The old Chinese scientists believed that every level of our universe is a Flow System that consists of five connected parts. Disturbances in the system are resolved by opening the channels between the parts that are disconnected.
The cosmic dance-cycle of Nataraja (Shiva) is controlled by a drum.
The Scientists of our time see an ecology (and a body and an organization and a city and…..) as a material transport network (an Infrastructure) which distributes energy, information and matter between big macroscopic reservoirs (f.i. Lungs/Air/UP) and small microscopic sites (f.i. Alveoli/Blood/Water/Flow) on many "rhythmic" levels.
The macroscopic reservoirs are filled by repeating macroscopic processes ("weather", "breath", "market") that are controlled by a macroscopic time-giver, the Drum of Shiva, a Clock, our Sun or our Heart.
When a flow system (Bloodvessels, Artery) is disturbed (Arteriosclerosis) it solves its problems by creating a "bypass". Bypasses create bypasses (create bypasses, …) until it is impossible to change the physical environment (f.i. granite). Bypasses generate a repeating (fractal) structure.
This structure looks like a hierarchy when you look Top-Down and like a Flow-System when you look with an Input (From)/Output (To)-view. In essence it brings the Many (Sensory)-to-the One (Unity).
Nature solves its scaling problems by evolving fractal networks. The Law of Kleiber shows that big fractal flow-structures live longer (are more resilient) and are more efficient than small structures. Cities grow because of their shared fysical infrastructures.
Big Cities are also more creative than small cities because of the amount of possible contacts between creative minds. It is clear that the Internet is taking over this function.
About Human Networks
Human networks are an organism capable of behaviors that are of greater complexity than those of an individual human being.
Humans networks are an abstraction (Unity) of human relations. They are the most important support structure for a human to become resilient.
Humans are two-sided. Human Networks are 12-sided. They are a combination of the 4-fold-Cycle X 4-Cycle without repetition (4**2-4).
That is why there are 12 Star-Systems in the Zodiac (12 + the Sun = 13), 12 Disciples of Jesus (12+the One = 13) and 12 Knights of the Round Table (12 + Arthur = 13).
The anthropologist Alan Fiske created a 4-fold model that describes how groups of people cooperate.
The four relational models correspond perfectly with the four World-Views of PoC.
The fact that you can use PoC to classify a part of PoC (Social) proves that PoC is a fractal theory.
Social Structures are just like PoC nested combinations of the elementary relationship models:
(1) Communal Sharing (Social, Soul, Share, Values, Egalitarianism, We, Emotions, Choice, Classify, Priority, Values, Motivation, Group, Interacting, Conflict, (->0<-), Dependent, Egalitarian, Dynamic Equilibrium):
People live together and share things. People are treated as equivalent and undifferentiated. "What's mine is thine; what's thine is mine".
Fairness is important in such groups and appealing to values may be the best way to persuade. Conflict may be dealt with through mediation and others methods that seek consensus.
(2) Equality Matching (Mythic, Spirit, Altruism, Long-Term, Balance, Reciprocity, Self, Identity, Whole, Individual, Imagination, Creativity, Culture, Innovation, Inventor, Ideas, Insight, Being, (->->0), Histrionic, Static Equilibrium):
In equality relationships there is no authority between people nor is there the deeper responsibility towards one another as in the communal sharing model. Social relationships are long-term and monitored for balance.
Equality matched relationships generally collaborate around shared goals and help one another. Relationships are reciprocal and have equal value. People treat fairly those who treat them fairly.
(3) Authority Ranking (Unity, Mind, Order, Rank, Command, Hierarchism, It, Thinking, Patterns, Models. Laws, Rules, Control, Theory, Having, Compression, (0<-<-), Paranoid, Hierarchy, Polystable):
Social groups are arranged with a hierarchy of power. The top of the pyramid protects the lower layers. It starts with parent and child and then progresses to schools, workplaces and other groupings.
Whilst communal sharing groups are based on trust and fair play, authority relationships are based on command and control where the inferior person has little option but to obey the superior person.
(4) Market Pricing (Sensory, Individualism, Trans-Action, Direct, Exchange, Egoism, They, Sensory-Motor-System, Perceive, Act, Stimulus-Respons, Desire, Practice, Doing, Expansion, (0->->), Schizophrenic, Fatalism, Neutral Equilibrium):
Relationships are structured by proportions. In the market pricing model, the relationship is based around a transaction, where the parties exchange substantive items, often with money being a part of the transaction. Such relationships may be shorter than others and more formal, even with an explicit or implied contract to formalize the exchange.
Alan Fiske found out that each of the relationship models resembles one of the classic scale types from measurement theory. We measure others the same way we measure objects and situations.
Measurement starts in de Sensory-mode. Measurement captures information about a system. A system consists of objects, processes, and phenomenon. The system is measured through the attributes of the system also known as characteristics, features, or properties.
Measurement does not directly represent the system. It only addresses the attributes selected to represent it.
All measurement is carried out within a context. This context is shaped by a purpose, existing knowledge, capabilities, and resources; all of which influence the measurement process.
Measurements can be made through the human senses or made through use of a measurement instrument, which is an apparatus or construct used for measurement.
Measurement is the assignment of numerals to a system according to a set of rules. These rules are called a theory.
Our senses or the instruments that are used to measure the system also represent a theory. This theory has a sometimes unknown impact on our measurement.
A theory has to be a structure preserving mapping, a homomorphism. The structure of the system has to stay the same when the rules are applied.
If the theory does not preserve structure the theory introduces its own theory and we are not measuring the original system.
Not only the primary theory has to be a homomorphism. The complete chain of theories we use has to preserve the structure (The Uniqueness Axioma) of the original system.
If a system has to be a resilient system its transformations have to be structure-preserving.
(1) Communal Sharing (Social, Soul, Mammal Brain) resembles a Nominal Scale.
A nominal scale distinguishes Sets. Sets contain Points. Every point is the same as the other points. Points that are the same can be connected by a line.
Sets are split by a distinction made by the filters of the senses. A distinction puts things into non-overlapping categories such as smokers versus non-smokers. There are zero smokers in the class of non-smokers and zero non-smokers in the class of smokers. You can count the amount of points in a class. The zero point of the class is the not-class.
A nominal scale classifies things into categories. The classes are equal. The process of division starts with a whole (One) and divides the whole in parts (Many) after which the parts become a new Whole. Repeated application of a distinction generates a Set of Sets.
A nominal scale defines Sets. Sets contain the same elements. When we want to preserve this structure we have to satisfy the constraint If s1 = s2 ⇔ f(s1) = f(s2) ("the Same stays the Same"). This is called the Symmetric group, the group of all permutations of the objects in the Set.
Living systems achieve resilience by repeating (redundancy) the same functionality in a different way (diversity) and on a different location (distribution). This all is an example of symmetry. Humans are bilateral symmetric. We have two eyes, legs, arms, kidneys, lungs and brain-halves.
Communal Sharing (Social) is the most resilient/symmetric group there is. Every new order (a permutation) of the objects has the same value. New combinations are created all the time and time will tell what their value will be.
If combinations are valued we as a human are creative enough to imagine a reason ("a new selection-mechanism, a distinction") why the new combination is important.
(2) Authority Ranking (Unity, Mind, Human Brain) is called an Ordinal Scale. This scale is used when we want to express Comparative Judgement about the observed system.
In nature, all things we observe are nominal. It is we who choose to order (i.e., count) them, in some way according to some theory we propose.
A further step is to transform these orderings into linear measures which are more useful to us. If we construct a theory with a useful "zero" location (as opposed to zero difference), then we can measure away from that zero point.
The members of a class are ordered from the One to Many by a rule that defines what greater (or less) means. It permits the measurement of degrees of difference, but not the specific amount of difference.
The step Sensory -> Social is called Evaluate. Evaluation is putting members of a Set in a favorite (like) or non-favorite (don't like) permutation. In the Unity-mode like and don't like are mapped to high and low (or important & not-important).
This is only possible when we are able to find a difference that we can count. Smoking can be defined by the amount of cigarettes a person smokes or the amount of nicotine he inhales.
Sometimes it is impossible to find an amount (what is the amount of "Love"?) and we have to change the distinction and the attribute we want to measure or stop measuring and accept what we observe the way it is.
The ordinal scale is part of the nominal scale. The relational structure preserved during the measurement process preserves equality and order. The set of admissible transformations are relations that satisfy the constraint If s1 < or >s2 ⇔ f(s1) < or >f(s2).
This is called the Order-Preserving Group and is the group of monotonic increasing functions. A monotonic function does not contain Ups AND Downs. It contains Ups or Downs (= not-Ups).
The step Social (Many) -> Unity ((One) is called Seeking Consensus about a Rule. Because this mapping has to be a monotonic function Social (Down (to Earth)) has to be lower than Unity (Up).
In this scale we can Count (Y) the people that smoke an amount of cigarettes (X) and can produce a bar-graph.
(3) Equality Matching (Mythic, Spirit, Whole) is called an Interval Scale. This scale is used when we want to measure a distance between pairs of items.
The step Unity -> Mythic is called Insight. We move from the Outside World of the Rules of Unity to the Inside World of the View on the Whole of Mythic and find Insight. In this case we balance the One of the outside with the One of the Inside. We compare our Whole with the Whole we find outside.
When we define an Interval Scale we look for the resonance of the Outside World with our own Inside World. We look for our own Image outside and can find peace and balance in looking at our child or partner, a sleeping cat, a wood in autumn, mountains or a sailing ship.
With this scale people can create balance and specify who owes what to whom but also how much they owe. It is a relationship in which people keep track of differences, with reference to an even balance.
The set of admissible transformations has to preserve equality (nominal), the equality of order (ordinal) and the equality of difference/distance and has to satisfy the constraint If s1−s2 = s3−s4 ⇔ f(s1)−f(s2)=f(s3)−f(s4).
This is called the General Linear Group (or Affine Group). Differences can only be preserved when the transformation is a linear transformation Ax + B where A is a rotation and B is translation.
When you take the difference between two points you create the concepts More/Less and Mean/Middle. More/Less can be associate with Better/Worse.
In our example of the smokers we can subtract the lowest count of cigarettes of all the other counts. In this case the lowest count becomes an arbitrary zero. We can also calculate the Mean of the amount of cigarettes smoked and define this as a Middle.
(4) Market Pricing (Sensory, Action, Reptile Brain) resembles a Ratio Scale.
A ratio scale preserves the equality of equality, order, difference and ratio. Most measurement in the physical sciences and engineering is done on ratio scales. Mass, length, time, plane angle, energy and electric charge are examples.
A Ratio Scale relates a measurement to a standardized unit (of time (Sec), distance (Meters), weight (Kg), …). This unit is a physical object.
The set of admissible transformations has to satisfy the constraint If s1/s2 = s3/s4 ⇔ f(s1)/f(s2) = f(s3)/f(s4). This is called the Linear Group.
The only transformation that satisfies this constraint is the functions f(x) = Ax. This scale supports Multiplication (and its opposite Division).
In this scale we are able to relate a Part to the Whole.
The amount of people who smoke an amount of cigarettes can be divided by the total amount of smokers. This produces a percentage (and a chance).
About Scales, Brains and Social Networks
The scales are Equal and Ordered in a Hierarchy in which the Nominal Scale (Social) has the highest symmetry ("All Points are Equal") and therefore has the highest potential and is the most resilient. The Ratio Scale is the most restricted and less flexibel.
The Hierarchy follows the Path Sensory/Measure ->Evaluate-> Social (Equality) -> Consensus -> Unity (Ordering) -> Insight-> Mythic (Difference) -> Invent-> Sensory (Proportion). We call this the Path of Measurement.
The Path of Measurement is the same path our Bilateral Brain is moving through.
During Evolution the Triple Brain developed itself according to the same pattern: (1) Reptile Brain (Sensory) , Measure, Survival Brain, Body, Ratio Scale, (2) Limbic Brain (Social), Soul, Social Brain, Nominal Scale (3) Neo Cortex (Unity), Mind, Thinking Brain, Ordinal Scale (4) Whole (Mythic), Thalamus, Spirit, Interval Scale -> Sensory.
If this correlation is true Market Pricing is the Social Structure of the Reptiles, Communal Sharing of the Mammals, Authority Ranking of the Humans and Equality Matching the social Structure of the Creators.
Currently we are highly focused on Market Pricing which is the structure with the lowest flexibility/resilience.
Because of our focus on numbers, measurement and standardization we are creating reptile structures that are highly vulnerable to external events.
About Resilience – Viable Systems
The word "government" comes from the Greek "kybernan" which means "to steer a ship". The word "kyberman" is used to name the science of "cybernetics".
A system is a black-box, an Input/Output-relation. Systems become (Value)Chains/Networks when we connect the output to the input of another system.
Stafford Beer developed a cybernetic model of the Human called the Stafford Beer Viable System Model (VSM). VSM can be used to model an organization.
Viability means the survival or preservation of identity in a changing environment. A viable system is a resilient system. The Identity is the Whole (Mythic/Imagination) of a System.
For a system to remain viable, it has to maintain its existence within a changing environment. Systems are not perfect and may experience internal defects and deficiencies. Change can happen slowly or suddenly.
Therefore the internal parts of the system must provide both a mutually supportive internal environment and achieve the desired external effects.
The system has to detect and react to threads (survive), be and keep in balance (homeostatis), be maintained, keep up with its environment (innovation, evolution) and be tolerant to damage (redundant).
VSM uses four nested systems to "steer a ship": (1) the Boundary of the Whole (Mythic) (2) the Environment of the Ship (Social) which contains (3) the ship itself (Object/Body/Action/Operation/Sensory) which contains (4) the Steering System, the Meta-System (Brain/Unity).
The model can be applied to itself by looking again at four "parts" related to Mythic (Whole, Identity), Unity (Models, Research), Materials (Sensory) and Resources (Social).
About Resilience – Panarchy
According to the theory of Panarchy the Resilience of an Ecology is dependent on the Potential (Communion) and the Connectedness of a System (Agency). Potential shows what is possible in an ecology. Connectedness shows the control an ecology has over its own future.
In the Exploitation/Conservation phase of the Cycle the ecology becomes more efficient (producing more Potential) and Connected.
The amount of possible paths (the Redundancy) is reduced and the system becomes highly efficient and vulnerable to outside changes.
A stable, resilient system can cope with shocks and disturbances and keep its identity.
In an unstable system, a small disturbance can push the ball over a threshold.
Environmental and social changes can make a system less resilient.
At the state of maximum production and maximum connection (conservation) the system is spending all its potential at self-reproduction. At a certain moment the system collapses (release).
The Adaptive Cycle is the same cycle our Bilateral Brain is moving through.
It moves on many levels with a different cycle time. The levels are connected in two ways. A big calamity can destroy a lot of lower level ecologies or a small calamity (a wildfire) can start a major calamity (revolt).
Panarchy Theory is by far the most interesting theory about resilience. It shows that resilience is the result of a cyclic proces. Resilience is low when the components of the system have a high level of connectedness. There is only one way to reach the goal.
When a system is highly efficient it is also highly vulnerable.
Redundant systems are able to resist a calamity if and only if one of the possible paths of the system is not affected.
If we don't know what will happen we need an unknown path to save us. This path is part of an unknown phase space that we are able to calculate if we know more about predictability in general. This issue is covered by Combinatorics a part of mathematics.
Nature has generated a highly redundant system in which it is possible that one of the lines of evolution is able to resist a worldwide calamity.
If we want to destroy resilience we have to destroy the diversity of life-forms on earth.
An interesting line of investigation is Structure Preserving Mappings. I will write my next blog about this subject.
One suggestion: Have a look at The Brain & Category Theory.
A short history of human civilizzation
About the Evolution of the Brain
About Life and Category Theory
About Category Theory and the Brain
About Combining the Combinations
About the Bilateral Brain and Category Theory
About the 5P's: Potential, Possibility, Plan, Practice & Protection (In Dutch)
About Relational Models Theory


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Charter Oak, California
For population 25 years and over in Charter Oak:
For population 15 years and over in Charter Oak CDP:
1,358 residents are foreign born (5.9% Asia).
Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2012: $2,670 (0.7%)
Nearest city with pop. 50,000+: West Covina, CA (4.7 miles , pop. 105,080).
Nearest city with pop. 200,000+: Anaheim, CA (18.4 miles , pop. 328,014).
Nearest city with pop. 1,000,000+: Los Angeles, CA (29.7 miles , pop. 3,694,820).
Nearest cities: Covina, CA (1.2 miles ), Glendora, CA (1.4 miles ), Citrus, CA (1.5 miles ), East San Gabriel Valley, CA (1.5 miles) , San Dimas, CA (1.5 miles ), Azusa, CA (1.9 miles ), Vincent, CA (2.0 miles ), West Covina, CA (2.2 miles ).
Latitude: 34.10 N, Longitude: 117.86 W
Daytime population change due to commuting: -2,465 (-25.6%)
Property values in Charter Oak, CA
This place's Wikipedia profileUnemployment in July 2013:
Unemployment by year (%)
Work and jobs in Charter Oak: detailed stats about occupations, industries, unemployment, workers, commute
Average climate in Charter Oak, California
Based on data reported by over 4,000 weather stations
Tornado activity:
Charter Oak-area historical tornado activity is significantly above California state average. It is 73% smaller than the overall U.S. average.
On 11/9/1982, a category F2 (max. wind speeds 113-157 mph) tornado 18.9 miles away from the Charter Oak place center caused between $500,000 and $5,000,000 in damages.
On 11/7/1966, a category F2 tornado 22.7 miles away from the place center injured 10 people and caused between $50,000 and $500,000 in damages.
Earthquake activity:Charter Oak-area historical earthquake activity is above California state average. It is 3355% greater than the overall U.S. average.
On 7/21/1952 at 11:52:14, a magnitude 7.7 (7.7 UK, Class: Major, Intensity: VIII - XII) earthquake occurred 90.0 miles away from the city center, causing $50,000,000 total damage
On 6/28/1992 at 11:57:34, a magnitude 7.6 (6.2 MB, 7.6 MS, 7.3 MW, Depth: 0.7 mi) earthquake occurred 76.1 miles away from Charter Oak center, causing 3 deaths (1 shaking deaths, 2 other deaths) and 400 injuries, causing $100,000,000 total damage and $40,000,000 insured losses
On 10/16/1999 at 09:46:44, a magnitude 7.4 (6.3 MB, 7.4 MS, 7.2 MW, 7.3 ML) earthquake occurred 86.2 miles away from the city center
On 4/21/1918 at 22:32:30, a magnitude 6.8 (6.8 UK, Class: Strong, Intensity: VII - IX) earthquake occurred 31.2 miles away from the city center
On 6/28/1992 at 15:05:30, a magnitude 6.9 (6.3 MB, 6.7 MS, 6.5 MW, 6.9 ME, Depth: 3.1 mi) earthquake occurred 60.9 miles away from Charter Oak center
On 1/17/1994 at 12:30:55, a magnitude 6.8 (6.4 MB, 6.8 MS, 6.7 MW, Depth: 11.4 mi) earthquake occurred 41.2 miles away from the city center, causing 60 deaths (60 shaking deaths) and 7000 injuries
Magnitude types: body-wave magnitude (MB), energy magnitude (ME), local magnitude (ML), surface-wave magnitude (MS), moment magnitude (MW)
Natural disasters:The number of natural disasters in Los Angeles County (51) is a lot greater than the US average (12).
Major Disasters (Presidential) Declared: 24
Emergencies Declared: 4
Causes of natural disasters: Fires: 34, Floods: 14, Storms: 8, Landslides: 5, Winter Storms: 5, Mudslides: 4, Earthquakes: 2, Heavy Rain: 1, Snow: 1, Storm: 1, Tornado: 1, Wind: 1, Freeze: 1, Hurricane: 1 (Note: Some incidents may be assigned to more than one category).
Hospitals/medical centers near Charter Oak:
Political contributions by individuals in Charter Oak, CA
Amtrak stations near Charter Oak:
Colleges/universities with over 2000 students nearest to Charter Oak:
(lower is better)
Air Quality Index (AQI)
Lead (Pb) [µ/m3] level in 2010 was 0.104. This is significantly worse than average. Closest monitor was 4.5 miles away from the city center.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) [ppm] level in 2010 was 0.407. This is worse than average. Closest monitor was 3.0 miles away from the city center.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) [ppb] level in 2009 was 0.493. This is significantly better than average. Closest monitor was 4.5 miles away from the city center.
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) [ppb] level in 2009 was 22.2. This is significantly worse than average. Closest monitor was 3.0 miles away from the city center.
Ozone [ppb] level in 2009 was 24.7. This is about average. Closest monitor was 3.0 miles away from the city center.
Particulate Matter (PM10) [µ/m3] level in 2009 was 34.5. This is significantly worse than average. Closest monitor was 3.0 miles away from the city center.
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) [µ/m3] level in 2009 was 14.7. This is significantly worse than average. Closest monitor was 4.5 miles away from the city center.
Percentage of residents living in poverty in 2012: 8.3%
(8.6% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 8.8% for Black residents, 8.9% for Hispanic or Latino residents, 0.0% for American Indian residents, 0.0% for Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander residents, 7.6% for other race residents, 14.8% for two or more races residents)
Average household size:
Percentage of family households:
Percentage of households with unmarried partners:
Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households)
Detailed information about poverty and poor residents in Charter Oak, CA
38 people in homes for the mentally retarded in 2000
People in group quarters in Charter Oak in 2010:
3 people in nursing homes in 2000
Charter Oak compared to California state average:
Educational Attainment (%) in 2012
School Enrollment by Level of School (%) in 2012
Most commonly used house heating fuel:
Presidential Elections Results
1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
1996 Presidential Elections Results
2000 Presidential Elections Results
2004 Presidential Elections Results
2008 Presidential Elections Results
2012 Presidential Elections Results
Graphs represent county-level data. Detailed 2008 Election Results
Religion statistics for Charter Oak CDP (based on Los Angeles County data)Percentage of population affiliated with a religious congregations: 58.08%
Breakdown of population affiliated with a religious congregations
Tables represent county-level data.
Food Environment Statistics:
Number of grocery stores: 2,084
Number of supercenters and club stores: 32
Number of convenience stores (no gas): 567
Number of convenience stores (with gas): 1,206
Number of full-service restaurants: 7,008
Adult diabetes rate:
Adult obesity rate:
Low-income preschool obesity rate:
3.22% of this county's 2006 resident taxpayers lived in other counties in 2005 ($43,821 average adjusted gross income)
0.14% of residents moved from foreign countries ($1,038 average AGI)
Top counties from which taxpayers relocated into this county between 2005 and 2006:
4.58% of this county's 2005 resident taxpayers moved to other counties in 2006 ($50,578 average adjusted gross income)
0.06% of residents moved to foreign countries ($782 average AGI)
Top counties to which taxpayers relocated from this county between 2005 and 2006:
Strongest AM radio stations in Charter Oak:
Strongest FM radio stations in Charter Oak:
TV broadcast stations around Charter Oak:
FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses:1
Detailed HMDA statistics for the following Tracts: 4038.01 , 4038.02
Detailed PMIC statistics for the following Tracts: 4038.01 , 4038.02
Conventional Home Purchase Loans
Conventional Home Purchase Loans - Value
Charter Oak on our top lists:
State forum archive:
Back to Charter Oak, CA housing info, Los Angeles County, California, CA smaller cities, CA small cities, All Cities.


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Wolves back to Sam Mitchell?
May, 26, 2014
May 26
By Nick Borges | ESPN Insider
The Minnesota Timberwolves will continue their search for a head coach after Dave Joerger decided to turn down the job so he can remain the head coach of the Memphis Grizzlies. Those following the Wolves search have listed Sam Mitchell as a possible frontrunner for the job and that still is the case after Sunday's news.


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Latino Americans
Foreigners In Their Own Land (#101)
The first Spanish explorers in North America and the US expansion in the Southwest are examined. [56 minutes]
Latino Americans | Foreigners in Their Own Land... (#101)
Episode 1 Airs September 17, 2013 at 8pm Manifest Destiny pushes the U.S west into the Mexican territories of the... 02:38
Latino Americans | Episode 5: Prejudice and...
Full Program: Details the creation of the proud "Chicano" identity 55:16
Latino Americanos | Episodio 5: Prejuicio y...
Full Program: Detalla la creación de la orgullosa identidad del "chicano" 55:16
Latino Americanos | Episodio 6: El peligro y la...
Full Program: Lleva a los espectadores a través de los últimos 30 años de la inmigración 55:06
Latino Americans | Episode 6: Peril and Promise...
Full Program: Takes viewers through the past 30 years of immigration and transformation 55:06
- Watch more video from this program »
Series Description: This series tells the story of early settlement, conquest and immigration; of tradition and reinvention; of anguish and celebration; and of the gradual construction of a new American identity from diverse sources that connects and empowers millions of people today. The series covers the 1500s to the present day.
All Upcoming Episodes
There are no broadcasts currently planned. Please check back for future broadcast dates.
Past Episodes
These episodes of Latino Americans aired in the last few months on Iowa Public Television.
- Peril and Promise (#106)
- Pride and Prejudice/Peril and Promise (#105)
- The New Latinos (#104)
- War and Peace (#103)
- Empire of Dreams (#102)
- Foreigners In Their Own Land (#101)


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If I should need to replace the ETM what company do you suggest I use? So I don't end up with the same ETM company that's made the current and often faulty ETM's in these volvos!
1999 Volvo V70 XC
Volvo Q&AAsk Your Question
1999 Volvo V70 XC Question: Cleaning ETM vs. Replacing?
Answer #1Bret Bodas from RepairPal Test Shop, July 14, 2010, 09:17Master
You may not have a choice as to which ETM you install, they are probably only available from Volvo. There's an extended warranty on these ETM's, so I would check to see if your vehicle is still under the warranty.
Cleaning is good but often doesn't address the issue of a bad ETM, and the software will need to verified that is is up to date as well.
Replyfanchman6, July 15, 2010, 12:16Enthusiast
I went to dealer about R155 and to see if it had been done already. It had been but was asked to bring it in free of charge and the dealer would attempt to reset the button.. NO ETM(ETS)codes came up when tested diagnostically, but a faulty signal for the brake pedal sensor did...Making sense as to why the cruise control hasn't been working since I bought the volvo.
ReplyXstaticT5, July 27, 2011, 14:53Rookie
Apparently there is No warranty in U.K as Volvo stated that it was 200,000 miles or 10yrs old but only in the U.S. I am gutted and can't find any video link for replacement. Anyone ?
This week's top 10
|1 pushrod
|6 Hal...
|2 CharlesAutomotive
|7 IamSteve
|3 ziptie12
|8 lordwoton
|4 globalhelper
|9 ProfessorG
|5 csubak30
|10 giggity212


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Morning Reading List, 09.06.07
Good morning Washington.
million, and an impressive 1,927,000 advantage over CBS 'Evening News" 5.888 million."
Hat Tips: DCRTV, TVNewser, IWantMedia, Romenesko, MediaBistro, JournalismJobs, JournalismNext
Good morning Washington.
Hat Tips: DCRTV, TVNewser, IWantMedia, Romenesko, MediaBistro, JournalismJobs, JournalismNext
Out of nowhere, here comes Rachel Barth surging ahead in our Rising Star competition, eclipsing colleague David Francis. This means a couple things: Either a.) these Examiner reporters aren't getting any work done today (we'll check) b.) they have friends in high places c.) they have friends with crazy good computer skills.
We don't want to say that something is fishy, but, well, you know…
Regardless, voting closes Monday evening. Will someone make a last minute surge? We've seen it before (ahem, Lesley Lopez). If not, and if Barth and Francis take the whole thing, I'll have to be ready to field all the conspiracy theories in our anonymous tips box about how the whole thing was rigged.
Vote here.


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Out Of Her HairOut Of Her Hair (2002) Season 1 Episode 112- Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! Cartoon Episode Guide by Dave Koch
This page has been viewed 15 times this month, and 436 times total.
DiC Entertainment Mary-Kate Olsen, Ashley Olsen, Michael Richard Dobson, Brendan Beiser, Terry Chen, Jason Connery, Chris Gray, Kim Hawthorne; Full Voice Cast .. Robert Thorne, Ashley Olsen, Mary-Kate Olsen Louis Hirshorn, Joelle Sellner
- 2002
- DiC Entertainment
- Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! Episode Guide
- Cartoon Characters: Mary-Kate/Special Agent Misty, Ashley/Special Agent Amber, Clive Hedgemorton-Smythe, Q.U.I.N.C.E., Rodney Choy, Bennington, Oliver Dickens, Bernice Shaw, Dr. Sandy, Ivan Quintero, Romy Bates, Capital D, Renee La Rouge.
- Vocal Talent: Mary-Kate Olsen (Mary-Kate/Special Agent Misty), Ashley Olsen (Ashley/Special Agent Amber), Michael Richard Dobson (Clive Hedgemorton-Smythe), Brendan Beiser (Q.U.I.N.C.E.), Terry Chen (Rodney Choy), Jason Connery (Bennington), Chris Gray (Oliver Dickens), Kim Hawthorne (Bernice Shaw/Dr. Sandy), Michael Monroe Heyward (Ivan Quintero), Maggie O'Hara (Romy Bates), Samuel Vincent (Capital D), Lenore Zann (Renee La Rouge).
- Produced By Robert Thorne, Ashley Olsen, Mary-Kate Olsen (Executive Producers).
- Written By Louis Hirshorn, Joelle Sellner.
Additional Crew:
- Created by: Diane Dixon, Robin Riordan.
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Cartoon Summary:
A rash of daring art thefts leaves a trail of evidence that points directly to Mary-Kate and Ashley! The girls must use all their special agent skills to stay at... (more)
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Trip Itineraries
For more information on or to sign up for any Heritage Club trips, please email email@example.com or contact us and ask for our Heritage Club coordinators.
December 11, 2014
Join us for this day trip over to the Amana Colonies. We'll have lunch at the Ronneburg Restaurant and see the "1940s Radio Christmas Carol" at the Old Creamery Theatre. Maybe a quick stop for some holiday shopping!
March 30 - April 7, 2015
There is still room if anyone else wants to go to Europe with us. The more the merrier!
June 2 - 6, 2015
Travel with us to the historic, majestic Black Hills. Take in the many sights, experience the Old West, try a casino, see a shoot-out and much more! A complete itinerary with price will be included in the next newsletter.


text:
On Fri, Apr 16, 2010 at 9:04 AM, Angel Machín <firstname.lastname@example.com>wrote: > > > I sent comments in response to your original announcement of the > orientation API spec. I didn't get any response on these. > > > > < > http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-geolocation/2010Mar/0013.html> > > Related to your previous comments: > > On Mon, Mar 8, 2010 at 12:57 AM, Thomson, Martin > <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > > > On my first read, I assumed that these events would be cumulative changes > from the current orientation. > > The angles are described in relation to the device axes (A, B, C), not > the local reference frame (X, Y, Z), which doesn't help in making this any > clearer. > > There is no clear link between (A, B, C) and (X, Y, Z). > > I think that the three angles (theta, phi, gamma) describe the > position of the device reference system (A, B, C) related to the Earth > reference system (X, Y, Z) > I agree that diagrams would clarify the whole picture. > > We made some diagrams and later today or Monday I'll post a new version of the draft addressing all comments made so far. Sorry for the delay. Thanks, AndreiReceived on Friday, 16 April 2010 08:41:16 GMT
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.2.0+W3C-0.50 : Thursday, 22 March 2012 18:13:46 GMT


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Alcazar de Jerez Apartment Jerez de la Frontera
Official Contact Details - Alcazar de JerezPhone: 0034639541916
New apartment in town centre, fully equipped, ideal for couples or families, with everything on your doorstep. Modern decoration, air-con and central heating in all rooms, underground parking included
- Price from 50 EUR / Day / Per unit
- 2 bedrooms & 1 bathroom
(click on a photo to view it)
Last updated: 01/29/2010
This is your property ?
The apartment is in a new-built Andalusian- style patio house in a very quiet street in the very centre of town, just off the main square. The most beautiful church in Jerez backs onto the building which consists of only 9 flats.
It has wood laminate floors, double glazing and is perfectly equipped and decorated.The heating and air-conditioning is centralised and silent.
The apartment is ideally situated for tourism, and, although it has a garage, a car is only necessary for trips outside Jerez.
The owner lives nearby and is normally available to help in any way!
Prices & deals
- Lowest Daily Price:
- Highest Daily Price:
- Lowest Weekly Price:
- Highest Weekly Price:
- Cleaning fee:
- Charging Method:
- Per unit
- Payment Types:
- Cash
- Credit Card
- Cheque
- Travellers cheque
- Paypal
- Wire Transfer
Location & area
The apartment is in the well-known San Miguel neighbourhood, very close to important wineries, historical monuments, numerous restaurants and bars, and the main shopping streets. The street is central but with very little traffic.
- Address:
- 1 Calle Pavon, 11403, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
- Accommodation located in:
- business district, city, downtown, leisure area, near cultural interest, near flamenco clubs, near golf course, near historical interest, near horse riding, near restaurants & bars, near shopping area, near the beach, near water sports, old town!
Amenities & services
The apartment is equipped with generous supplies of crockery and cutlery, as well as equipment such as toaster, stick blender, electric coffee maker etc. Books in English and Spanish are available and may be exchanged.Sheets and towels (sets of three per person) are changed weekly. The owner has been a local resident for years and is a good source of information and advice.
# of Units: 1... and each unit includes:
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: 1
- Single beds: 2
- Double beds: 1
- Baby cots: 1
- Single sofa beds: 0
- Double sofa beds: 0
- Bath:
- Hair Drier:
- Shower:
- Towels:
- Washing Machine:
- Work Desk:
- Bed Sheets:
- Bikes:
- Cable/Satelite TV:
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- Internet Dial Up:
- Ironing Board:
- Stereo/Radio System:
- Library:
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- DVD Player:
- Fax:
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- House Chef:
- Local Guides:
- Local Transportation:
- 24h Concierge:
- Tours & Excursions:
- Fridge & Freezer:
- Crockery & Utensils:
- Dish Washer:
- Microwave:
- Oven:
- American Kitchen:
Living room
- Fireplace:
- Sofa Bed:
- Table & Chairs:
- Private Beach:
- Barbecue:
- Sauna:
- Garden:
- Shared Bathroom:
- Spa / Jacuzzi:
- Swimming Pool:
- Lift / Elevator:
- Disabled Facilities:
- Tennis Court:
- Terrace:
- Parking:
- Pets Welcome:
- Safe:
- Sea View:
- Central Heating:
- City View:
- Daily Cleaning:
- Air Conditioning:
- DVD/Music Collection:
- Ensuite Bathroom:
- Balcony:
Review - Alcazar de Jerez
Alcazar de Jerez - Contact the owner
Important Notice : Avoiding Fraud
It's rare, but some helpful hints to watch out for with regards to fraud:
- It is important to NEVER wire funds or use/employ other fund transfer mechanisms such as western union: Always use a credit card to protect yourself against fraud. If owners pressure you into providing a deposit or refuse to accept credit cards, there is a high probability that this is a scam.
- If at all suspicious of fraud, ask to see their website, or any other literature they can provide or send to you. Ask them for contact details for guests who have previously stayed on their property insisting on telephone numbers. Be suspicious of emails that originate from free email services (yahoo, hotmail, gmail, etc)
- Research the property thoroughly on the internet to see if there is any history or mention of scams associated with the property.


text: Return to Language Schools Home Quick links to The Language Schools Arabic Chinese French German Hebrew Italian Japanese Korean Portuguese Russian Spanish French Program at Middlebury | Intensive French Summer Program | Middlebury Curriculum Activities Ecole Française Graduate Programs in French 2-week Graduate Alumni Course Dates & Fees Faculty & Staff Financial Aid If you would like to receive informational e-mails from the Language Schools, please fill out this form. Site Editor Log On French School Before and After Visit the Language Schools YouTube channel here. Home » Middlebury Language Schools | Intensive Summer Programs | Middlebury » French Program at Middlebury | Intensive French Summer Program | Middlebury » Faculty & Staff » Sylvie Covey Sylvie Covey Artist in Residence Courses


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Easy-to-follow video tutorials help you learn software, creative, and business skills.Become a member
Out of the box you can do a heck of a lot with a Facebook page. You can write posts and you can pin them, you can highlight them. You can upload photos and videos, but after a while you're going to think, you know, is that all there is? Can't I get more apps here? Didn't Anne-Marie mention something like visitors to your page can only see 12 apps? And how come we only have four? Well, I'm going to talk about adding third party apps in this video. One good way to find a third party app for your own site is to visit other pages.
Like for example, on Facebook.com/Mashable, Mashable.com is one of my all time favorite web sites for social media stuff, they have a ton of interesting apps here; all you need to do is click on one of the apps and go to it, and then often you'll see a little credit line that says where it was created from so that you can install it yourself; like if I go to say, Submit News. Interesting, a nice little form; I'd love to have something like that. Powered by Contact Form; so I would just follow this to install it.
Most of the apps that you find on Facebook are free. However, most of them are for personal pages and not for business pages. But even the ones for business pages are usually free and then there's also this whole ecosystem of ones that you can purchase on a subscription basis or just outright from third party web sites. We're not actually going to be talking about those kinds of apps here. We're going to be talking about the free ones that you can find on Facebook. Here's another page that I like: The Publicity Hound. Facebook.com/PublicityHound run by Joan Stewart who does a fantastic job of helping people publicize their businesses.
She also has some interesting apps right here, like I was looking at this one. This is new, I've never seen it, Pinvolve and if I click it, interesting, shows a bunch of her pins. What I like about this is that it's so easy to install. Watch. If I just click Get Pinvolve Now, there it is. Which page do you want to add it to? And it just steps me through it. So some apps are really nice to use. I can tell you that the whole state of Facebook apps for pages is kind of in flux, because there have been so many changes recently with the page design and then the requirement for secure browsing that a lot of apps that were great, you know, six months ago or a year ago, are broken now, and even if they look like they work when you click them, you get a blank page, so just keep that in mind.
And one of the best places to find apps that actually work is by hanging out at pages like my Social Media Marketing page or by asking around on forms where people are talking about maintaining Facebook pages. Now, there's another way to find Facebook apps. It's kind of a crap shoot but it's by using Facebook's own search engine. If you click here in Search and start typing the keywords of the kind of app that you're looking for, you will likely get a hit. Like say for example, I was looking for a contact form.
I could type in contact and you see here that anything that has the word contact in it, it shows you, for pages and apps; we're interested in the apps. So here are various apps and you could just click right here to go to the app. Sometimes though, even if you click here to go to the app, you'll end up at a blank page or the page has been removed; just letting you know. Don't be surprised if that happens. You could also choose "See more results for this word" and then when you get to the results page choose Apps to filter it to just show me that phrase contained in apps.
It's really a poor excuse, in my opinion, for a search engine. It used to be better, they used to have a way to browse it, they used to have highlighted apps for pages, and maybe they're just moving away from that whole idea, but I just wanted to show you that here's another way to find an app. Now, let's actually do that and I'm going to use the search engine to find one for LinkedIn. Let's say that I'd like to add an app to my page that when people click it, it opens up another page in my Facebook page that shows my LinkedIn profile. So if I typed Linked, you can see there's a few of them, LinkedIn, okay there's LinkedIn here, there's LinkedIn here, there's Linked here.
I'm actually going to jump over to Safari right now because I'm going to install it in my live Social Media Marketing page because I already have a profile in LinkedIn for Anne-Marie Concepcion, and I've already saved the URL so I'll just go ahead and paste it in here and hit return. So my LinkedIn profile. Click here to install and which page do you want to add it to? So if the app is working you're going to see some sort of window that asks you which page do you want to install it in, and they'll show you a list of all the pages that you admin.
So I want to put it right in Social Media Marketing and add my LinkedIn profile, and there it is. Now, I could click this to configure it or I could also configure it in my Apps panel. When you add an app you can go up to your Admin panel. Go to Manage > Edit page and click Apps. You should see it also listed here after you install it. Depending on the kind of app it is, you can edit the settings right here, like here we could change the name. You could say like my profile is, or see Anne-Marie on LinkedIn, and you might even want to change the image for the app to something else.
But I don't want to; I'll just leave it at that one. I'll just leave it. I'll say okay and accept the default name and view the page again. If you find that there's a problem with your app, then you should probably delete it. And to delete it you go right back to that same panel that we just looked at. Click Admin Panel, go to Manage, Edit page, click apps and just click the little X. Are you sure? Yes remove this. So I love how easy it is, uninstall apps as well.
If you're interested in spicing up your page or adding more features make sure and investigate the world of apps for your Facebook page.
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text:
the Doctor Who finale is today. that makes me nervous.
the fact i've been attempting to dl and it dies at the last second doesnt help either.
i barely have any nails left and i havent even seen the ep yet!
okelay has written 4 entries about this goal
the Doctor Who finale is today. that makes me nervous.
two of my finger have now started to grow nails. and i like it. im trying really hard not to bite my other fingers
i think the nail polish thing is starting to work.
im on like my third bottle already
i cave and bit my nails and had to start over.
now they do seem to have grown a bit and the temptation is great but i will resist
my nails look terrible, so i've chosen this as one of my new year's resolution.
i bought a black nail polish to paint and (hopefully) prevent the biting. i had this solution that tasted badly and you put it on your nails, but it didnt work.
good news, is, i havent bitten my nails in two days. i've ruined the polish a bit, but i just add a new layer and it's done
okelay has gotten 1 cheer on this goal.
- phillip3000 cheered this 4 years ago


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Rohan Dennis will make his debut with BMC Racing at the Eneco Tour today after embarking on a rare mid-season transfer from Garmin-Sharp earlier this month. The International Cycling Union…
Rohan Dennis
Rohan Dennis switches from Garmin to BMC mid-season
Rohan Dennis, thanks to a rare mid-season transfer from team Garmin-Sharp, joined BMC Racing today. "Rather than prolong the inevitable, we came up with a rare transfer solution that works…
Tour of California 2014 stage three photo gallery
Images from the 'queen stage' of the 2014 Tour of California to Mount Diablo, won by Rohan Dennis
Rohan Dennis set for support role in World Champs road race
Australian Rohan Dennis will support team leaders Cadel Evans and Richie Porte on his senior World Championships road race debut on Sunday


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Salem, United States of America
1875 Fisher Road Northeast, Salem, OR 97305, United States of America – Show map
|Room Type
|King Room
|Queen Room
|Queen Room with Two Queen Beds - Non-Smoking
|Queen Room with Two Queen Beds - Smoking
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20 properties in Salem
Including hotels, apartments, villas and more.
37 verified reviews
We verify all reviews from guests who have stayed at Americas Best Value Inn & Suites Salem/ The Cozzzy Inn. Find out more.
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Americas Best Value Inn & Suites Salem/ The Cozzzy Inn's staff speaks: English
Booking is safe
When you book with us your details are protected by a secure connection.
WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Free public parking is available on site (reservation is not needed).
24-Hour Front Desk, Business Center, Fax/Photocopying
Non-smoking Rooms, Facilities for Disabled Guests, Family Rooms, Elevator, Heating, Air Conditioning
From 3:00 PM
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Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to room type. Please enter the dates of your stay and check what conditions apply to your preferred room.
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All children are welcome.
One child under 12 years stays free of charge when using existing beds.
One additional older child or adult is charged USD 10 per night when using existing beds.
One older child or adult is charged USD 20 per night in an extra bed.
One child under 2 years is charged USD 20 per night in a crib.
The maximum number of extra beds/cribs in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Additional fees are not calculated automatically in the total cost and will have to be paid for separately during your stay.
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Off I-5, this Salem hotel features an indoor pool and hot tub. It serves a daily continental breakfast and has rooms with free Wi-Fi. Willamette Valley Vineyards is a 12-minute drive away.
Score from 106 reviews Good
Boasting an indoor pool and hot tub, this Salem, Oregon hotel offers guests a daily complimentary full breakfast. The Days Inn Black Bear also features a tennis court, sauna, and fitness centre.
Score from 9 reviews Good
Crossland Economy Studios - Salem - NorthThis Crossl and Economy Studios - Salem - North is located in Salem and especially designed for longer stays, with all rooms featuring a fully equipped kitchen.
Score from 59 reviews Review score
Best Western Pacific Highway InnLocated off Interstate 5, this pet-friendly Salem hotel features an indoor pool and hot tub. It serves daily continental breakfast that has waffles and offers guest rooms with free Wi-Fi.
Score from 72 reviews Very good
Loved the bed! The friendliness of the staff.the price was right.
This room was one that needs the remodel. The bath cabinet is coming apart, the toilet needed repair,no stopper in the sink.the tv is on its last legs( buzzed when thebright stuff was on). Clean though.
Cockroaches everywhere video of them. Only thing allowed done was room switch at 2 am. Disgusted.
The fact I had to be a guest for 3 nights to have complimentary coffee in lobby
easy drive to function I was attending
no coffee in the room. could not give directions to Shrine center
The room size and working AC!
My door lock did not function properly and I did not recieve my own room key. Each time I arrived and departed I had to go to front desk during my two day stay. Not happy.
Site was hard to find on residential dead-end street. Ck in not aware of special rqsts made 10 days prior. 1st room not clean and had bugs. Desk clerk (not same as ck in) brought bug spray and said sorry not psbl to change rm. Going out next morning, complained to another desk clerk and was moved to different rm. Much better, cleaner, newer TV and fridge. Lobby had tables for brkfst, but no food - sm coffee pot only. Advertised Cont. Breakfst. Not told that remodeling underway prior arvl. In general, not a pleasant stay.
price staff helpful location convenient
facility not well maintained
We cancelled our reservation when we got to the Motel.
Motel is in a part of town where I would not feel safe. The downstairs window screens of the motel looked like they had been broken into. The motel is a remodel but still need a lot of cosmetic work done to meet the criteria of what I expected for an America Best Value Inn and Suites (compared to other locations I have stayed at).
We made a reservation through booking.com the evening of our stay. 3 hours later, we arrived and were turned away by the staff saying they have no reservation for us and they didn't do business with booking.com. I phoned booking.com, the helpful staff from booking.com assured me that he would talk to the hotel management to sort out the situation and that we'd have a place to stay regardless. The response was very fast and 5 minutes later, we were told to go back in to the hotel and the hotel all of a sudden had a room for us. We were not given any explanations as to why the change of decisions and were given two keys upon checking in. We had to go up to our room 3 times and back down to the lobby 3 times because our keycards did not work. Finally, the management came up with us to unlock the door with his physical key. Again, the managing staff did not apologize for all that inconvenience. The condition of the hotel was abysmal. The hall stunk. The hotel room was super muggy upon arrival. It was furnished with some of the worst furniture that I had ever seen. The managing staff turned on the AC and closed the blinds for us. The bed spread looked very used with hairballs. The blanket on the inside had holes. The bed sheet smelled of strong chlorine and still had stains. The entire room had various patches of paint all over the place. The bathroom sink's handle were missing caps. Most things were working and we were just too tired to try to call back booking.com to request for a change of hotel. This hotel was also very hard to get to from the freeway despite of the fact that it was right next to the freeway. One would have to get off of the freeway and then loop to the back via another highway underpass. We did not try the wifi that's offered by the hotel because we were just so uncomfortable being there we got in, slept, and got out as quickly as we could.
The room was dirty, spider webs all over the place, almost no toilet paper, the tv remote was broken (and the batteries were held in with scotch tape) and the front desk never brought us a different one, the bathroom vanity was damaged and falling apart. A lot of people were wandering in the parking lot and halls, I think they were "residents". This place was just awful!!
Nice Place MLK
Nothing about this place...
Boarded up door no screens on the windows ..and very dirty
The location was convenient, and the cost reasonable.
The rom had ants, the tub rain fell out and needs fastening. The shower worked, but the tub had no plug making a bath impossible.
I don't recommend this hotel to everyone. When we got there in the hotel there was no toilet paper and we got a non smoking r
Outside very poor impression. Security very lacks. Non smoking rooms were together with smoking. Room did not have working air conditioning.
All I smelled was weed down the halls was very surprised that this motel was on your list not sure if I'll trust your site again for a place to stay
No phone, TV remote, Ice Machine, Waste Basket, toilet paper, English speaking desk people.
easy on easy off freeway
no services for customers. Like no phone service in room. no ice machine, burned out light bulb in bed side lamp.
I will never book a hotel on line again.the hotel was in the ghetto and we felt uncomfortable and the room was gross and dirty
I liked the fact that I ah?
Front door handle falling off. Smelt like Baghdad. A lot of poor poor maintenance. Water wasn't hot and you couldn't have guest if you wanted. Very lame.
the sheets i could telll were clean. there was a fridge in the room which i wasn't expecting and an elevator. but i ordered a smoking room and didnt get it. i let them know on the 20th that i had a dog yorkie and i was told it was pet friendly,
at ten am the morning of check out the phone rang them saying dogs werent' allowed, they saw us carry her up to the room. never said a word. at ten am they turned off out key to our door and our wifi as soon as they decided they werent pet friendly all of a sudden. the tv was white with lines in it with no volume to it. we got no tv in our room, they lied about the dog and owe us for one hours worth of room rental for turning off the key and wifi on us at 10 am instead of 11 like they were supposed to... and they fact that there was no tv to watch at all. and they didn't give us the room i had ordered.
Toilets didn't work. Room smelled bad. Floors dirty
big space room
no swimming pool
I liked not having a remote for the tv
Well the hall way smelt like rotten fish, KFC, and McDonald's
The rooms themselves were clean, quiet & comfortable.
The hallways & stairwells looked old & run down. Having to stand in the rain outside to check in (we got there late) wasn't fun.
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