text:
Rated 4.7 out of 5 by 90 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Jurgen14 Very nice Hotel We spent a very relaxing vacation at the Castillo Hotel Son Vida. Our overall rating is excellent: room, service, location, view, golf courses, food. If there is something to improve: The dinner menu in the restaurants good have more variety. September 15, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by emes180 perfect romantic getaway This resort hotel superseded our expectation. The facilities were outstanding and the staff particularly friendly and eager to help and please the customers. Would definitely go back on a next visit to the island. August 29, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by kookyterp Amazing Stay We had an amazing stay at the Castillo Son Vida hotel. The staff was fantastic and met all of our needs. The hotel itself is stunning. We had a fantastic time and absolutely plan to come back. April 2, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Gunnar48 Great hotel A fantastic hotel. Great views, professionel service. All i all a hotel you must see and experience. May 14, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by AntonB Oh what a fantastic experience! Castillo Hotel Son Vida is a indescribable location. Service was amazsing, superlative quality of food and this Castillo brings you with a fantastic view on top of Mallorca! June 5, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by LT57 This hotel is just marvellous We have stayed at this hotel for many times due to the service and the staff. The service is outstanding and you always feel welcome - as the staff says: Welcome home!!! May 31, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Veralisa This hotel i greate! I like to come back to your hotel again next year to play golf and relax. April 14, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by LandPSpainvacation Mallorca vacation Fabulous!!! The staff anticipates every need. The hotel is beautiful and this was the perfect end to our Spain vacation! September 14, 2013
Rated 3 out of 5 by AlJ007 five star facilities with three star service Welcome by doormen and receptionist was very friendly, room(s) were nice and very clean according to the expected standards. Pool area (outdoor) is quite small and kids are not very much welcome was our general feeling. Service staff is very busy carrying stuff around, cleaning tables and so on. There is no particular attention paid to the guests having breakfast or lunch. You always have to attract attention. for three breakfast staff was not asking a single time if we would like to have another coffee, juice or so. Room service was used four times, none of them managed to bring all ordered things - everytime one item was missing. late check out was granted, but on arrival in the room, door card was locked, maid in the room didnt open. once card was operating again, maid blocked door with our own luggage and had to be advised to remove so we can open the door. In the meantime our drinks and biscuits were discarded without notice. overall impression: no particular interest in guests' needs. no five star experience. can't compete with other true five star resorts. Rather getting through max amount of guests. Doormen and receptionists are very friendly and helpful. June 25, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Chris1128 Excellent Stay Excellent stay, amazing vies, received a complimentary upgrade to an amazing suite with awesome views due to SPG status June 15, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Nisse Good atmosphere Excellent service and a friendly atmosphere. Good food and a good balance between service and friendliness. April 21, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by MrBikman1 Thanks Very helpful personnel in a warm way. April 23, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by nickfuture Mallorca in February Stayed for a full working week, started to feel like home. Very friendly staff. Beautiful views. March 3, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Rachel990 Wonderful hotel Excellent hotel,staff very friendly and really helpful. Will defiantly return. September 11, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by JBR40 Great Staff, Great Experience The hotel was exceptional, with the staff making the experience excellent. September 17, 2012
Rated 3 out of 5 by Grss Good hotel but could be anywhere in the world. Pool area too small and far too crowded July 18, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by DODODO nice hotel very good welcome from hotel staff, luxury hotel, good satisfaction January 17, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Jammy52 Hotel was relaxing and has great features Nice relaxed atmosphere star very helpful facilities were excellent June 9, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by traveller110 Great place Amazing place, nice view, perfect! feel the king style lifestyle! December 19, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by Karlo Excellent hotel, top service and food All in all- top hotel, we really enjoyed our stay. December 6, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by ami1 This hotel is unique Great staff and great service. June 30, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Vincos Unbridled Opulence OVERALL IMPRESSION: From the moment we arrived to our reluctant departure we felt enveloped in a world of luxury and well-being. SPG RECOGNITION: Upgrade to a Grand Deluxe with a View over the Bay of Palma. The Front Office manager personally handled our check-in and accompanied us to our room. He spent a generous amount of time giving us a full briefing on the island and many great personal recommendations. Lovely fruit plates were delivered to our room twice during our stay. When I asked about the spa, the manager generously offered us two complimentary massages! The buffet breakfast was nothing short of spectacular. THE ROOM: Exuded elegance. Wonderful bathroom with large tub and separate shower stall as well as a partitioned toilet area. Huge balcony. EXCEEDED EXPECTATIONS: Breakfast on the terrace overlooking a beautiful golf course and Palma in the distance. The wine bar/restaurant Es Vi was lovely. The gym state-of-the-art. We enjoyed the indoor pool and jacuzzi every evening. Unfortunately the weather wasn't conducive to enjoying the gorgeous outdoor pool. DID NOT MEET EXPECTATIONS: It seems almost niggardly even to mention given the near-perfection of our stay but, as the staff here seemed so conscientious, it is worth pointing out in the name of service improvement that requests advised to the hotel prior to our arrival by my Platinum liaison were not fulfilled. Concretely, we asked for large size bathrobes, a martini shaker and glasses and daily delivery of the IHT but did not receive these things. October 18, 2012


text:
A farm- themed play structure and a splash pad grace Greenacres Park. SR file photo.
The Spokane Valley Parks and Recreation Department is hosting a public meeting tonight from 7 to 9 p.m. at CenterPlace, 2426 N. Discovery Place, to talk about updates to its Parks and Recreation Master Plan. People are invited to come and give their input on what new parks or new elements they would like to see. This is your chance to make a pitch for a dog park, an Olympic sized swimming pool or whatever else you think is needed.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
But have no idea what exactly is this program? Well, to start with, would I earn more?
If they want to improve the program a lot, and this goes for Yahoo too, they should sort their stats to determine which sites send the most traffic. Then send human beings to each and every site, review it manually. Offer better rates to quality sites. Can the crappy sites or at least "smart-price" them to hell.
Because the medium-size quality sites I know are giving up on adsense and YPN. I just removed another swath of ad space from google. Today plan to remove some more and by next year will be completely weaned off adsense/ypn. While it's always nice to have extra money, the effort and space has not been worth the cost and the competition probably affected my other advertisers. Google got too good a deal which I'd have never offered another advertiser...
While it's hard to turn down "free" money, I'm beginning to think it wasn't all that free @ the end of the day...
It will feel good to have a much cleaner, better-looking site with all that free space :)
What effort?
In this thread, talking fully of commercial aspects, the opinion from someone with a non-profit or personal site really sounds strange.
EFV, you nailed it before.
I got the video offer, but not this one. I'm wondering if they split up the publishers somehow...
Well, there's always the "Homepage" link in the member's "User Profile."
Another quick thought:
This program is new, so people shouldn't expect too much too soon. Anyone who wants to implement it should be patient enough to wait a few months before judging whether it's been worth the space, layout changes, etc. I'm inclined to think that it's something of a test platform--a way for Google to put a window of a certain size on a whole bunch of selected publisher sites and see what works and what doesn't.
I'm not participating myself, not because I'm opposed to experimentation but because (a) I don't want more than one display ad per page, and (b) It would be inconvenient for me to implement the requested ad format even if I liked it. But if I weren't currently running display ads and were already using rectangles, I'd probably give it a shot.
Besides, the ad block is too big for my taste, and sites. ( especially above the fold ).
Did anybody reply to the email? I got it back twice since the reply to email was WRONG!
I have changed since it was easy (include file) but I don't really like the format since it show fewer ads which usually means less money. That is if not the ones that do show up pays better. I got one video showing up and they have to do better than that with the targetting since it didn't have anything to do with my theme!
I am not going to sit around and see my small revenue dwindle away while waiting for them to get adveretisers.
I kind of agree with Clark! I have been removing AdSense too from my sites, especially site that don't do very well since I am guessing that they check the overall of the account. Am I guessing right?
My guess is that at the moment major video ad campaigns are broadly based on demographics and specific site selection.
As far as who got invites, my first guess (and it's just a guess) was that the video ad solicitations were volume-based, i.e., sites with high impressions got contacted and low-volume ones didn't. I manage Adsense for a couple of different businesses, and the high-traffic account got an email and the low-traffic one didn't.
I don't think video ads necessarily make a site look like trash. Still, like you, I tend to be conservative when it comes to using the ad format du jour, whether it's popups and popunders (the preferred "annoy the reader" format of a few years ago) or the Pointroll, Eyeblaster, etc. stuff that the big corporate sites happily use today.
If I thought that Google could supply video ads related to my topic (travel), I might be interested, but I don't think that's likely to happen soon--at least not on a regular basis.
[edited by: neonrider at 8:33 pm (utc) on Jan. 26, 2007]
Also, like I think you probably did, I got into AdSense for the brilliant targeting that's possible, not in order to show run-of-network type ads.
Craig_F: I don't get your point. In what way is this likely to be connected to that issue?
[edited by: jomaxx at 8:32 pm (utc) on Jan. 26, 2007]
Yes, I think if they made a video ad for your site that was relevant, it would be awesome. Your site is well suited to it. Don't think I'd like it for my category though.
I can't keep it like this for long as it makes my site look very UGLY. I know, Google will come up with more ads, but when it is a question and I may not have the patience to wait if it takes onger than a couple hours.
[edited by: martinibuster at 9:11 pm (utc) on Jan. 26, 2007] [edit reason] No urls, thanks. See TOS [webmasterworld.com] [/edit]
I don't recall getting an email however I usually pass out with head on keyboard when I get a Google email.
I see the option is enabled on my channels page although it doesn't say anything about the size of the ad.
I'll try anything once.
ps. even I won't put an ad on my homepage
By the way, the email I received began with the following sentence:
"After a recent review of your site, we would like to include (******) in our custom placement packs program."
Invitation to AdSense Video Distribution and Sponsorship Pilot
Which I recieved. I realize their is another thread on that topic. According to the note I recieved, that program has not started and will run for 4 weeks. Is this the same thing? Did anyone get invitations to both?
Amen. Already saw one post where they took a 2% ctr hit trying it... Nah... I think I will sit on the fence and observe for a while on this one.
[edited by: MThiessen at 2:18 am (utc) on Jan. 27, 2007]
It is ironic because at least some of the sites they targeted I think they did because they are attractive looking sites, but the sites wouldn't be so attractive looking if they put the ads on as suggested.
I know the Adsense staff try to be helpful with their optimization tips and all, but their training seems to be in placing ads to maximize short term revenue. I suspect that they don't always realize that we as publishers have to think about return visitors, bookmarks, getting unsolicited links from government and educational sites to help maintain long term rankings, etc. which are all a lot easier to accomplish for a site when it doesn't have big, commercial, in your face picture ads.
[edited by: Jane_Doe at 4:25 am (utc) on Jan. 27, 2007]


text:
Great route this, much better than it looks, lovely moves and worth one star at least. Done after work, nights drawing in now.Tom Last - Lead O/S - 29/Aug/11 with Chester and Caroline
started but ran out of juice!!!crobinson - 2nd - 29/Aug/11 with Southern Man
Hidden - 2nd - 12/Feb/08


text:
Did you know that Christmas trees are harvested several months before they even make it to the tree lot around Thanksgiving ti... Read more »
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Six ways for gardeners can survive winter with style.
Power through branches with ease.
Plants that are growing in the most appropriate conditions are genetically programmed to thrive. When a plant is in distress, it will shut down or try and divert precious energy to some other function, all in an effort to survive. Unfortunately we unknowingly look at that sad plant or tree and pour on the fertilizer, or pesticide. That's the worst thing to do. It's like asking you to run a marathon when you have the flu! The vast majority of problems related to our plants come from improper placement. And that leads to the indiscriminate and inappropriate use of chemicals when all that was really needed was to change the plants location to the proper setting.
Every plant benefits from soil that is amended with a variety of organic matter. There is an entire ecosystem going on below the surface and it should be loaded with beneficial microbes and nutrients that allow plant roots to take up everything they need to thrive. When soil is healthy, it is alive with a complex array of creatures that all play a vital role to water uptake, nutrient availability, soil drainage and moisture retention.
Creating this type of soil is not difficult. In fact, it's quite easy. No matter where you start, from sandy to heavy clay, adding a mixture of compost, leaf mulch, ground bark, etc. all breaks down over time and in the process, that just-right balance occurs. But we destroy that opportunity with over applications of salt-based synthetic fertilizers and pesticides that can disrupt this delicate balance. Feeding the soil means providing natural amendments that compliment what's already there while minimizing foreign products that adversely impact what nature provides.
One of the easiest things we can do to make our garden less dependant on water and chemicals is to mulch and mulch generously. Applying about a three-inch layer around your trees and plants will do so much. First, it acts like an insulating barrier that helps retain moisture and moderate soil temperatures. Mulch is the best natural weed suppression there is. It blocks light to the soil surface where many weeds would sprout when given access to sunlight. In addition, a protective mulch barrier blocks many soil dwelling diseases from splashing up onto foliage and infecting plants.
But to be really eco-friendly when using mulch, make sure it is "Certified" by the Mulch and Soil Council. Only then will you know for sure that it's free of unacceptable materials such as arsenic from treated wood. Certified mulch carries a seal on every approved bag.
One of our worst offenses at being more eco-friendly is how we waste water, especially in the garden. It's almost always too much and then it's often at the wrong time. More plants die from over-watering then under. First, plants respond more favorably to infrequent but deep watering, rather than short applications often. Deep watering promotes deep root growth, which in turn promotes more vigorous top growth.
Yet even deep watering can lead to runoff, which is equally bad! So as you water, do so at or as close to the root zone as possible. By so doing, you keep water closer to the target, minimize the risk of evaporation and plant disease caused by prolonged periods of wet foliage.
This is not a mandate to bag your chemicals, but I strongly suggest you learn to live without them so as to avoid the temptation or reaching for them when you don't quite know what to do. First, by applying the steps mentioned so far, you'll eliminate many problems that would otherwise require potential chemical intervention. In fact, it's the use of chemicals that often is the catalyst for creating bigger problems.
For example, using non-selective pesticides can have a long-term adverse affect. These products often have more affect at killing beneficial insects that haven't developed as much genetic resistance as many traditional garden pests. Consequently, the good guys die, the bad bugs live, and now there are no natural predators for the pests. The end result is a population explosion of the bad guys and a cycle that can only be improved over time and abstinence of the chemicals.
Yet the bottom line is that the biggest problem with using chemicals is often with the person applying them. We believe that if a little is good, more is better. Simply not true! Stick to the label instructions; keep it on target and use only as a last resort. Chemicals that land off target are rarely without consequence.
It's a funny thing; as much as gardeners do to promote so much beauty, in the process they do a lot of not-so-pretty things to the environment, including the use of tools that spew plenty of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Lawn mowers, weed whackers and leaf blowers are some of the biggest culprits. Fortunately today there are lots of eco-friendlier substitutes for the gasoline-powered tools that are just as effective but have little environmental impact. Battery operated and electric models are now formidable replacements and there are plenty to choose from.
Even manual reel mowers have made a strong comeback lately. It's my mower of choice and I love the added benefit of how quiet cutting my lawn is with these human-powered machines. The simplicity and no-fuss ease of operation makes this important maintenance task a real joy again. See related article "The Reel Mower's of Green County" »
Being a greener gardener doesn't stop at home. It also means making wise decisions when disposing of horticultural waste such as plastic pots, yard debris and chemicals. One of the biggest culprits to greenhouse gas emissions comes from landfills. And according to the USDA, about 65% of any landfill doesn't need to be there because it can be composted or recycled. Moreover, 25% comes from our yards and kitchens, virtually all of which can go into the compost pile.
So as you do your part to green your garden while protecting the planet, remember to consider anything that leaves your property may be undermining your efforts for better stewardship at home. Shop for plants that come in biodegradable pots, find a source that will take back your plastic ones, compost everything you can and leave those autumn leaves at home as a great amendment to your landscape beds.
There are plenty of other ways you can start gardening in a more environmentally responsible way, but starting with one of all of the steps above will get you well on your way to making a big difference!
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text:
all sports
- football
- cricket
- rugby league
- rugby union
- golf
- formula 1
- tennis
- cycling
- boxing
- horse racing
- darts
- snooker
- athletics
Former FIFA vice-president Jack Warner has called the latest allegations against him "foolishness" and claimed there is a witch-hunt against Qatar.
Warner spoke out following a report the FBI is investigating payments from a company owned by Qatari Mohamed Bin Hammam to Warner and his family. Both men left FIFA in disgrace following a 2011 corruption scandal.
Qatar 2022 World Cup chiefs have reacted to the latest claims by insisting they adhered to all FIFA's rules.
Warner himself, currently a politician in Trinidad, said in a statement to Press Association Sport: "I have no interest in joining in the foolishness that is now passing as news on Qatar and Jack Warner.
"Nor do I intend to join those who are on a witch-hunt against the World Cup 2022 venue. And do consider this as my final comment on this matter."
Warner and Bin Hammam's FIFA careers ended in disgrace after they were caught up in a corruption scandal surrounding Bin Hammam's campaign for the presidency of the world governing body in 2011.
Qatar's 2022 World Cup organising committee said in a statement: "The 2022 bid committee strictly adhered to FIFA's bidding regulations in compliance with their code of ethics.
"The supreme committee for delivery and legacy and the individuals involved in the 2022 bid committee are unaware of any allegations surrounding business dealings between private individuals."
FIFA said it had no comment to make on the matter.
A statement added: "In principle, any evidence of potential wrongdoing can be submitted to the investigatory chamber of the independent Ethics Committee of FIFA for further investigation."
But an MP who is campaigning for reform of the world governing body said FIFA should rerun the bid for the 2022 World Cup if an FBI investigation proves corrupt payments were made in connection with the vote.
Damian Collins, who used Parliamentary privilege in 2011 to state allegations that two FIFA members had been paid to vote for Qatar 2022, said: "If the FBI investigation can prove that corrupt payments were made to FIFA executives in connection to the decision to award that country the World Cup, they should lose the right to host the tournament and the competition to stage World Cup 2022 should be rerun.
"These reports will only fuel concerns that the decision to award Qatar the World Cup was made for money reasons, not sporting ones, and that's wrong."


text:
|Name: _________________________
|Period: ___________________
This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 5.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. How did Soda know that Dally knew where Ponyboy was?
(a) Ponyboy called Soda and told him to talk to Dally.
(b) Dally told him.
(c) Cherry told him.
(d) Soda saw Ponyboy's sweatshirt at Buck's house.
2. What does the Shepherd gang's whistle mean?
(a) "All clear."
(b) "The cops are coming!"
(c) "Run!"
(d) "Who's there?"
3. Who wrote the poem that Ponyboy recites to Johnny?
(a) Ponyboy.
(b) Cherry.
(c) Walt Whitman.
(d) Robert Frost.
4. Where do the greasers sit when they are at the drive-in?
(a) In the front row.
(b) Near the concession stand.
(c) With Soda.
(d) At the front of the classroom.
5. What does Dally give to Ponyboy when he comes to the church?
(a) A gun.
(b) A police report.
(c) A knife.
(d) A letter from Soda.
Short Answer Questions
1. What major event happens in the park that is a turning point in the story?
2. What book does Johnny bring to the church for Ponyboy?
3. What does Cherry say about Ponyboy's name?
4. What do Johnny and Ponyboy need to get once they get to the church?
5. When Ponyboy awakens in the church, where does he try to pretend to be?
This section contains 246 words
(approx. 1 page at 300 words per page)


text:
2459. Brenda Faye Orr was born on Nov 16 1952.
She was married to Jeffrey Lee Brock on Dec 24
1971. Jeffrey Lee Brock was born on Jul 1 1952.
Brenda Faye Orr and Jeffrey Lee Brock had the following children:
3406 i. Breanna Megan Brock was born on Nov 12 1980.
3407 ii. Justin Logan Brock was born on Sep 17 1982.
Return to Table of Contents


text:
What does ANN mean in Networking?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand ANN in the Computing field in general and in the Networking terminology in particular.
Active Node Network
Find a translation for ANN in other languages:
Select another language:
What does ANN mean?
- Ann(ProperNoun)
- .
Discuss this ANN abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"ANN." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 27 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/70946>.
ANN also stands for:
- abelle Annabeth Annalise
- Adcomis Network Nigeria
- Added New Name
- Adventist News Network
- Africa News Network
... and 20 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
Alternative search:
- Search Active Node Network on Amazon.com
- Search Active Node Network on Google


text:
Which one is better? You decide!
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What's with these 'which one is better?' face offs including so many films that can't be usefully compared to each other? How about comparing Keaton's Batman to 'Batman Begins', or a Harry Potter film to 'The Lightning Thief' - you know, films that are even vaguely similar. Or we could just go completely the other way. 'Which is better - Fairy Liquid, or a fully tuned Harley Davidson?'
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Roasted Mate'
Full bodied and smooth. The roasted character imparts a coffee-like toast flavor. Rich in mateine, which is recognized as a mild stimulant.
Country of Origin: Brazil
Ingredients: Luxury roasted mate
Steeping Suggestions: Use one teaspoon (3g) of tea per 6oz 'cup' of water. Steep at 100°C (212°F) for 4-10 minutes.
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text:
{dj-N} The Beginning of Time
Credits & Info
- Date
- 10/01/2007
- File Info
- Song
- 2 min 45 sec
- Score
- 4.42 / 5.00
Related Content
Heard in 20 Entries!
View all submissions featuring this audio file.
You might also enjoy:
Licensing Terms
- Attribution:
- You must give credit to the artist.
- Noncommercial:
- You may not use this work for commercial purposes unless you make specific arrangements with the artist.
- Share Alike:
- If you alter, transform, or build upon this image, you may distribute the resulting creation only under a license identical to this one.
- Score:
- Rated 4.42 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 320,657 Plays | 304,800 Downloads
- Share Links:
- Genres:
- Electronic - Trance
- None
Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This ones gotta be the best
So far apart from "tears in my eyes" this one has just got 2 be the best one yet mate its so good i downloaded this as soon as it kiked in man i knew it was gonna be so good
you got my 5 & my 10
as a said b4 i totallly downloaded this one
Rated 5 / 5 stars
this is so f-ing intense
omfg how do make stuff dat is so good man(i know u use fl studio) i mean its so good
Rated 5 / 5 stars
this is sooooo greeat! 5/5 !!! This sounds like it could maybe be used in the intro to an animation.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
vote 5 and 10/10 for u really mad!!!, i would like it if u put in more climaxes in our other songs l just love songs with tons of climaxes such as changes of speeds, or massive changes in pitch, rythiums like those it would massively change ur songs dramicaly. Great work keep it up i no ur going to be big!! massive big sweet!!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Totally Awsome!
Oh man thats the best tune ive ever heard keep up the good work this is awsome ^^


text:
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HIST7363: Between Empires and Nation-States: Economic History of the Middle East and the Balkans, 1800-1914
Dr Coşkun Tunçer
This course examines the major themes in the history of economic change
in the Middle East and the Balkans from a comparative perspective during
c.1800-1914. The aim of the course is to highlight the historical links between
political and economic transformations, and explain different development
trajectories in the region. In doing so the course evaluates the impact of
global economic trends, and the role of the Ottoman state and institutions in
different sectors of the region's economy. Moreover, in addressing the
differences within the region, the course assesses the changing degrees of integration
with the world economy and the Ottoman centre, economic consequences of
nationalism and modernisation in the Balkans, and colonialism in the Middle
Assessment methods
HIST7363A/B: 2 X 2,500 word essays
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ATS Mobile Capabilities
Our Mobile Marketing Product Line
At ATS Mobile, we do so many things that sometimes it's kind of hard to keep track of them. That's why we've put together this presentation to give you an overview of what it is that we exactly do from a product perspective.
Of course, what we really do is talk to you and find out what your needs are, then come up with a strategy to drive digital and mobile engagement with your customers.
How Many of Us are Ordering Take-Out via Mobile?
The decision on where to eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner is a spontaneous one (see the stats here). So, if your text message or search reaches their mobile phone at the right time, there's a good chance that they will choose your establishment.
A recent study from the National Restaurant Association shows just how important it is to have a mobile-optimized website. If your website is not mobile optimized, 61% of potential customers will simply leave for one that is. (Source = Google) An astonishing 46% of people went online to find directions to a restaurant and 23% ordered by mobile.
Here's why people are ordering from their mobile phone, instead of the old-fashioned way. For baby boomers and Millenials, it's mostly about ease of ordering and not having to wait.
LONG WEEKEND AWESOMENESS: How to Webinar
Learn More About Mobile Marketing at Our Webinars
At ATS, we do a lot of lead generation for our customers and we do a lot of lead generation for ourselves too. In fact, its our MOBILE MARKETING KNOWLEDGE COLLEGE webinars that brings in a considerable amount of business leads for us.
Here's a little bit of Friday awesomeness for you in anticipation of the long end of summer (NO!) Labor Day Weekend.
(Semi) Last Call: Join us for our Google Partners Connect Event Wed. May 21
You're invited to learn about various Google digital assets, including Adwords, and more about digital agency services when we host a Google Partners Connect event next Wednesday, May 21, from 2-3 p.m. at our King of Prussia office located in the Parkview Office Tower attached next to the Radisson Hotel and Valley Forge Casino complex.
Three Google executives will speak, followed by ATS Mobile, it's casual and fast-paced, interactive, a chance to learn, and Google is sponsoring light refreshments.
The event is free, simply take a look at this link and let us know of your interest in attending and we'll look forward to seeing you next week: http://partners-connect.withgoogle.com/event/ats-mobile
Canada issues reminder on new regulations regarding text message marketing
Effective July 1, 2014, all text messages in Canada delivered over Common Short Codes must adhere to the country's anti-spam law (Canada's Anti-Spam Law – CASL) with the main provision being, "the sender will need to obtain consent from the recipient before sending the message and will need to include information that identifies the sender and enables the recipient to withdraw consent."
The Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association (CWTA) is recommending that all content providers and future Common Short Code users such as clients using shortcode 84444 be familiar with all regulations regarding text message marketing, and if assistance is required to contact the Canadian Radio-Television Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) or seek independent legal advice.
More on the upcoming regulations can be found on the CWTA website.
Advanced Mobile Products Now Part of AutoByTel Suite
Scott Pechstein of AutoByTel talks about the company's recent acquisition of Advanced Mobile by his company. Just before the 5:00 mark, Pechstein makes his comments about how auto dealers should be using mobile.
Here's an updated video promoting the new mobile product for auto dealers.
In this video, new Senior Vice-President, Mobile, Bret Dunlap talks about the evolution of TextShield — a unique interactive text messaging platform that allows auto dealers to engage mobile website visitors via a secure text messaging solution.
Ring Race a rousing success
The winning couple in the Ring Race III event, Jason Bondzio (l), and his finance Cristina Saenz (second from right), pose with Thomas Markle Jewelers owner Thomas Markle (blue jacket), and race coordinator Sarah Markle (r) following the competition in Houston on Saturday. (photo credit: Michael Candelori)
Some 200 couples participated in Ring Race III in the Houston suburb of The Woodlands on Saturday, resulting in the awarding of a $17,000 Hearts On Fire engagement ring to the winning couple of the SMS text-based scavenger hunt.
Thomas Markle Jewelers in conjunction with a host of other major partners, was the presenting sponsor, and the event was promoted heavily by radio station KRBE 104.1 FM, with the station's morning personality Roula on hand to welcome the participating couples before the race at Town Green Park.
Ring Race uses ATS Mobile's exclusive interactive game technology for the mobile scavenger hunt, with customized questions pertaining to the local event, and an opportunity in this case for couples to accumulate points for both the engagement ring, and second and third-place prizes.
After the competition all the couples that ran and worked to solve clues met at the nearby Kona Grill for the awarding of prizes, and once the winning couple was announced came a proposal from the groom-to-be, Jason Bondzio, to his new fiance, Cristina Saenz, to loud cheers from all on hand.
Congratulations to all the couples that participated.
Mobile Marketing for Apartments in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
ATS Mobile was an exhibitor at the Pennsylvania Apartment Association (PAA) trade show on March 26, 2014, at the Valley Forge Casino Resort in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.
ATS has had considerable success in the apartment business as evidenced by its mobile marketing for apartments case study on this site from the Toll Apartment Group.
Over 1500 apartment industry employees and over 200 exhibitors attended the event. Traffic at the ATS Mobile booth was brisk with a lot of interest from the attendees.
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If you are looking for a fine cello, now is very good time to visit Ifshin Violins! Although fine quality cellos have become increasingly difficult to find in recent years, we currently have our best selection ever. We would like to extend an invitation to you to visit us to see and try some of these exceptional instruments.
We are especially pleased to offer this fine Venetian cello by Carlo Tononi. Many experts feel that the Venetians made the finest cellos, even equaling or exceeding those of Cremona. Tononi was one of the greatest makers in Venice. His cellos are rare but of typically grand Venetian character. This cello has a wonderful, deep, rich lower end and a clear resonant upper end. Includes three certificates of authenticity, including Beare and Son of London.
Turin 1930
Paris, 1854.
Charles Adolph Gand was the son and successor to Charles François, who was the student and successor to Lupot. Charles Adolph was one of the most successful and esteemed makers of his time and made wonderful and sought after instruments. This cello is one of his finest works and is in excellent condition.
London, 1775
Nice 1943. Gaggini was the nephew and student of Alberto Blanchi in Nice and took over his business in the 1930's. This exceptionally attractive cello has a rich red-brown varnish with a craquelure that many collectors find most attractive. The sound is full, rich and very responsive.
Bologna, 1978. Coratti began violin making in 1962 and went on to work with Morassi in Cremona. By the early 1970's he was already winning awards and medals at major competitions including first prize at the Poznan "H. Wieniawski" competition in 1981. and two silver medals at the Cremona Triennial competition in 1979.
Paris, 1937
Cremona, 2013. After graduating from the Cremona School in 1984, Silvio Levaggi worked for many important makers in Cremona before setting up his own workshop. Between 1998 and 2010, he won 23 medals and awards for his instruments at international competitions. He is famous for his exquisite workmanship and wonderful tone.
Cremona, 2005. Born in Austria, Russ started making violins when he was only 11. After attending the Cremona violin making school from '84 to '89, he worked with Georgio Grisales before going on his own in 2000. Since that time he has become one of the most important Cremona makers.
London, 1903. In recent years, English cellos have increased in desirability, in large part because of their excellent tone. This interesting cello has an excellent tone, full, dark, and rich. It would be an especially good choice for a chamber music player. It is in superb condition.
New York, 2013
Jim McKean started his violin making career at the Violin Making School of America in 1973 in its very first class. After graduation in '77, he moved to New York and worked with V. Nigogosian whose shop was a destination for the best makers at that time. He opened his own shop in Manhattan in 1981 and his instruments soon were in demand. Respected by his peers, Jim is past president of the American Federation of Violin and Bow makers. His instruments are performed on by professional musicians and soloists, including Carter Brey (Principal Cellist, New York Philharmonic) and Andreas Cardenas.
Florence, 2008
Cremona, 2014. Carlos started his violin making career in his native Argenina before going to the violin making school in Milan. In Cremona he has worked with a number of masters. Jay Ifshin especially chose this excellent cello from our latest Cremona exhibition.
El Cerrito, 2010. This wonderful cello won a certificate of achievement for tone at the Violin Society of America competition in Cleveland.
Cremona, 2014. Since graduating from the school of violin making in Cremona fifteen years ago, Daniele Tonarelli has distinguished himself in a number of competitions around the world. This beautifully crafted cello is in the classic modern Cremona style. The tone is even, warm and clear.
Cremona, 2008. Since graduating from the school of violin making in Cremona fifteen years ago, Daniele Tonarelli has distinguished himself in a number of competitions around the world. This beautifully crafted cello is in the classic modern Cremona style. The tone is even, warm and clear.
Cremona, 2010. Trabucci began studying violin at age eight and by 14, he was studying violin making at the Cremona school. He studied with Stefano Conia and Massimo Negroni, graduating at age 18. He worked with Marco Nolli for four years before setting up his own workshop. Over the years, he has won numerous awards for his work.
Modena, 2007. A few years ago we received our first cello from this maker and we were so impressed that we ordered more. We now have three of his cellos. This gifted young maker trained with the Scrollavezzas in Parma and worked for a number of important makers before opening his own workshop three years ago in Modena. His workmanship is elegant and superb.
San Francisco, 2008. This Cremona trained maker is well-known in this area. Crafted from beautiful Italian poplar, this is an attractive and excellent sounding instrument.
Ferrara, 2013
Parma, 2011
Modena, 2006.
Cremona, 2012
Born in Naples, Andrea graduated from the Cremona violin making school in 2000. He spent five years perfecting his skills in the workshop of Daniele Tonarelli before opening his own workshop in Cremona.
Kleinsendelbach, 2011
Salt Lake City, 1998
Bubenreuth, 2011, E Class. Working with two acoustic scientists who analyze every detail of each instrument under the most controlled conditions. These new instruments represent a leap forward in instrument making.
Naples, 2010
Anastasio studied with Giorgio Corsini (successor to Rudolfo Fredi) in Rome and Vittorio Bellarosa in Naples before establishing his own workshop. This fine cello has a big, robust, warm tone.
Cremona, 2007
Ferrara, 1997
This beautiful cello was made in the workshop of Allesandro Ciciliati in Ferrara. The back and sides is of an attractive Italian poplar. The upper register has a vibrant, singing quality with the lower strings having a full rich tone.
Bubenreuth, 2006, model 444. Several years ago, the Bernd Dimbath model 444 cello won a major prize from the German Government. Dimbath is one of the most successful makers in Germany today and his instruments are always made to the highest quality standards. This is a very beautiful cello with exceptional tonal qualities.
Bubenreuth, 2008. Model 394
Wernitzgrün, 1894
"Faszination Cello" Inglesdorf.
Sunny Valley, OR, 2002.
Cremona, 2014
Forcheim, 2011, model 8
Forcheim, 2011, Model 21
Over the last several years, our Jay Haide cellos have become tremendously popular with teachers and students, as well as professional musicians. They represent one of the best values in a handmade cello available today. Our finest model of the Jay Haide line sells for $4,950 and is available in Stradivarius, Ruggieri, and Montagnana models.
New! The l'ancienne model cello is now available with European wood.
(Click here for further information on our Jay Haide instruments.)
Labeled "Made in Germany".
Bubenreuth, model 8225 & model 8220sp.
Cleveland, 1999
Jay Haide, Model 104. These fully handmade cellos represent an excellent value for a promising student. We usually have a good selection of these cellos, priced from $3,650.
(Click here for further information on our Jay Haide instruments.)
Jay Haide, Model 101. These fully handmade cellos represent an excellent value for a promising student. We usually have a good selection of these cellos, priced from $2,850.
(Click here for further information on our Jay Haide instruments.)
Alosa, from Alois Sandner
The J&H cello is one of our most affordable cello; it is totally hand made and set up here in our shop.
NEW! from Ifshin Violins. Our new budget priced cello is the latest addition to our Borceto line-up. Set up entirely in our El Cerrito workshop, this is a great cello for the beginning or intermediate cellist.
We also have an excellent selection of old and new cello bows, including several fine bows by Morgan Andersen, one of the finest and most important bow makers working today. His cello bows have been tremendously popular with professional cellists. Please see our Fine Bow page for a full listing.
We cordially invite you to come by for a visit and try any of these fine cellos and bows. We look forward to seeing you.
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Impact of size, industry structure and strategy on marketing challenges of globalization.
One of the most compelling reasons to examine the attitude of firms to the marketing challenges of globalization globalization
Process by which the experience of everyday life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, is becoming standardized around the world. Factors that have contributed to globalization include increasingly sophisticated communications and transportation relates to the diversity of firm's size, industry environments and strategy. Since organizations vary in terms of size, industry membership and competitive strategy, and their executives vary in terms of their characteristics, different organizations may perceive and respond to the same marketing environmental stimuli differently thus posing serious implications and challenges for organizational actions and performance. Furthermore, existing literature supports the view that top managers need to deal with the impact of the industry environment and of globalization.
The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which Nigerian indigenous MNEs are aware of and are responding to the challenges of global market and customer analysis, product and marketing innovation, and international marketing orientation. The study also seeks to examine the influence of firm size, the industry or market structure and firm competitive strategy on the differences in the attitudes of firms to these critical global marketing challenges. The study seeks to find out which of these variables is a greater predictor of a firm's responsiveness to the marketing challenges of globalization.
Literature Review
The Industry Structure and Firm Size
As argued earlier, we may expect that the attitudes of firms concerning their marketing challenges are likely to be a function of the structure of the industry in which a firm is operating. For instance, in the study of wage variation (Groshen, 1988; Gomez-Mejia, Balkin and Milkovich, 1990), competitive strategy (Porter, 1981), and executive perceptions (Sutcliffe and Huber, 1998), the structure of the industry in which a firm operates was found to be a crucial determinant determinant, a polynomial expression that is inherent in the entries of a square matrix. The size n of the square matrix, as determined from the number of entries in any row or column, is called the order of the determinant. of its practices and performance.
The first element of the structural 1/0 model relevant to the marketing activity and practice of a company is the existence of barriers to entry (Bain, 1956, Porter 1981). To the extent that entry barriers are low and competition is intense, firms will attempt to pursue innovative marketing practices that can enable them gain a competitive advantage in their industries and possibly erect barriers to prevent other companies from gaining entry. As noted by Porter (1990), the intensity of rivalry in an industry is a key determinant of the competitiveness of firms in the industry. Where the degree of rivalry is low, the urge for innovative practices that lead to competitive advantage will be low.
A second element of the structural model relevant to marketing is the number of companies in an industry. The greater the number of firms, the greater is the need for a firm to exercise some discretion to differentiate its marketing approach in order to be competitive. The third element in the 1/0 model is that smaller firms in a given market have a competitive disadvantage relative to larger companies in that market. Small firms are less likely to enjoy the economies of scale and slack resources as do larger firms (Gomez--Mejia and Balkin, 1992). In other words Adv. 1. in other words - otherwise stated; "in other words, we are broke"
put differently , as a firm grows in size, it also becomes more complex in terms of management structure, product and market differentiation and geographical dispersion dispersion, in chemistry
dispersion, in chemistry, mixture in which fine particles of one substance are scattered throughout another substance. A dispersion is classed as a suspension, colloid, or solution. so that new management and marketing approaches become more difficult to design, implement and control. In a study of differences in large and small firm responses to environmental context, it was found that small businesses possess certain resources that allow them to overcome some barriers which create greater difficulties for their large counterparts as well as allow small businesses to exploit certain industry opportunities more readily than larger ones (Dean et al., 1998).
The fourth element of an industry's structure that can influence the attitude of its members to the challenges of marketing is the overall elasticity of demand Elasticity of demand
The degree of buyers' responsiveness to price changes. Elasticity is measured as the percent change in quantity divided by the percent change in price. A large value (greater than 1) of elasticity indicates sensitivity of demand to price, e.g. for its product. In general, the greater the elasticity of demand, the greater the volatility of performance for firms in that industry.
Competitive Business Strategy
The best known and most widely used SBU SBU St. Bonaventure University (St. Bonaventure, New York)
SBU Stony Brook University (State University of New York)
SBU Southwest Baptist University (Bolivar, MO) typology typology /ty·pol·o·gy/ (ti-pol´ah-je) the study of types; the science of classifying, as bacteria according to type.
the study of types; the science of classifying, as bacteria according to type. was developed by Miles and Snow (1978) and Miller and Friesen (1982). The typology has proven to be very robust and adaptable judging by its very successful application to the study of a wide variety of strategic issues. Empirical results also provide strong support for its reliability and validity (Shortell and Zajec, 1990). Using results of three studies in four industries, Miles and Snow (1978) concluded that viable SBU strategies can be categorized cat·e·go·rize
tr.v. cat·e·go·rized, cat·e·go·riz·ing, cat·e·go·riz·es
To put into a category or categories; classify.
cat into four basic types namely, defender, prospector, anxious analyzer, and reluctant reactor.
Theoretical Background
The global convergence and the industry evolution perspectives of globalization explain the rationale behind the effort of firms to handle the marketing challenges of globalization. According to according to
1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians.
2. In keeping with: according to instructions.
3. the proponents of the global convergence perspective, the growing similarity and integration of the world can be argued by pointing to extensive economic statistics showing significant rises in foreign direct investment and international trade (de Wit and Meyer, 2002; Hill, 2003, Levitt, 1983). The industry evolution perspective which has its academic root in Darwin's biological evolution theory explains why firms, especially those in a rapidly changing environment might take steps to adapt themselves to the changes taking place in their environments. The survival instinct For the biological instinct, see .
"Survival Instinct" is the second episode of the sixth season of the television series . Seven of Nine encounters three Borg, to whom she was previously linked. Plot Synopsis
Voyager is docked at the Markonian Outpost Space Station. provides the basis for such adaptive behavior Adaptive behavior is a type of behavior that is used to adapt to another type of behavior or situation. This is often characterized by a kind of behavior that allows an individual to substitute an unconstructive or disruptive behavior to something more constructive. . According to the industry evolution perspective, it is in the best interest of a firm to make a sense of its environment and to adapt to it in order to survive and flourish. In an environment in which there is a continuous struggle among firms, only the fittest i.e. those with a high adaptive capacity Adaptive capacity applies to both ecological systems and human social systems.
As applied to ecological systems, the adaptive capacity is determined by :
- genetic diversity of species
- biodiversity of particular ecosystems
Organizations vary purposefully pur·pose·ful
1. Having a purpose; intentional: a purposeful musician.
2. Having or manifesting purpose; determined: entered the room with a purposeful look. , and they possess the ability to adapt to selection pressures during the evolution process (Nelson and Winter, 1982; Baum and Singh, 1994). The upshot of the industry evolution perspective is that a firm can only score above the industry average in performance by adapting better and anticipating changes better than its competitors (de Wit and Meyer, 1998) since changes in an industry are uncontrollable and a firm's success is due to fitness to changing industry demands.
From a review of the literature on industry structure and SBU strategy and the theory of globalization, we propose the following general hypothesis:
The attitude of an indigenous MNE to the marketing challenges of globalization will tend to be influenced by the organization's size, the firm's market structure and its strategic orientation.
Specifically, we hypothesize hy·poth·e·size
v. hy·poth·e·sized, hy·poth·e·siz·ing, hy·poth·e·siz·es
To assert as a hypothesis.
To form a hypothesis. as follows:
H1: Because of their relatively larger resource base, large indigenous MNEs will tend to be more responsive to the marketing challenges of globalization than small indigenous MNEs.
H2: A higher responsiveness to the marketing challenges of globalization will be displayed by indigenous MNEs that are in highly fragmented industries than those firms that are in highly concentrated/consolidated industries/markets
H3: Indigenous MNEs that pursue an entrepreneurial, prospector strategy will be more responsive to the marketing challenges of globalization than those firms that pursue a defender strategy.
Measurement of Variables
The first critical consideration in studying firms' attitudes to the marketing challenges of globalization is to have a workable definition of marketing challenge and what constitutes a marketing challenge of globalization in operational terms. The second consideration is to develop valid and reliable measures for the constructs used in the study of attitudes to the marketing challenges of globalization. Following Doole and Lowe, (2004) defined the marketing challenges of globalization as the challenge or need to carry out market and customer analysis, to develop an international marketing orientation, and to develop an innovation culture consistent with global customer requirements.
Market and customer analysis (MCA) is defined as the scanning of international markets to identify and analyze opportunities, build marketing information systems and carry out detailed studies for input into the development of marketing strategies and the testing of the feasibility of the possible marketing mix options (Doole and Lowe 2004).
A 15--item six point Likert psychometric psy·cho·met·rics
n. (used with a sing. verb)
The branch of psychology that deals with the design, administration, and interpretation of quantitative tests for the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude, and scale was developed to measure the intensity of market and customer analysis (alpha = 0.89). The intensity of market and customer analysis was conceptualized as the amount of effort devoted towards MCA, the comprehensiveness of the MCA process, the amount of budget for MCA activities, the MCA organization index and MCA coverage. Eight items were used to measure the first sub-dimension of MCA while six items were used to measure the second sub-dimension of MCA. The first set of six items used to measure MCA effort were derived and modified from Miller and Friesen (1982) and had been used by Barringer and Bluedorn, (1998) in the study of the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management. The remaining two items are original. The second set of six items which were used to measure the comprehensiveness of the MCA process are original and followed a similar approach used by Barringer and Bluedorn (1999). The third set of four items which cover MCA budget, MCA organization and MCA coverage are original and were included to further measure the formality formality, in chemistry: see chemical equilibrium; concentration. dimension and intensity of the MCA process. All the items asked the respondents to assess how thoroughly their firms scan the elements of the firm's international marketing task environment. The proportion of MCA employees in the total workforce was used as a measure of MCA intensity. The mean score, averaged across the 15 items, evaluates the extent of the MCA effort of a firm on a low to sophisticated continuum. The higher the score of a firm, the more the firm demonstrates a greater MCA intensity.
Innovation is defined in this study as the successful development and introduction of new products, markets and technologies (Thompson, 1999).
For this study, we developed a five item 6--point Likert scale Likert scale A subjective scoring system that allows a person being surveyed to quantify likes and preferences on a 5-point scale, with 1 being the least important, relevant, interesting, most ho-hum, or other, and 5 being most excellent, yeehah important, etc to measure innovatory marketing behavior (alpha = 0.87) following a similar scale developed and validated by Covin COVIN, fraud. A secret contrivance between two or more persons to defraud and prejudice another of his rights. Co. Litt 357, b; Com. Dig. Covin, A; 1 Vin. Abr. 473. Vide Collusion; Fraud. and Slevin (1986) based on previous scale development work by Khandwalla (1977) and Miller and Friesen (1983). The scale asked the respondents to evaluate the marketing practices of their companies in both local and foreign markets in terms of their innovativeness or conservativeness. The mean score on the scale, averaged across the five items assesses a firm's level of continuing commitment to innovation. The higher the score of a firm, the more the firm demonstrates an innovatory orientation.
Although how international marketing is defined and interpreted depends on the level of involvement of a company in the international market place, (Doole and Lowe, 2004), in this paper, international marketing orientation is defined as the development and implementation of a marketing strategy which commits a firm to operate across two or more markets with a wide range of responsibilities for pricing, promotion, distribution and product and market development. For this study, we developed specifically a seven item 5-point multipart Likert scale to measure international marketing orientation (alpha = 0.90). The scale is straight forward and asked the respondents to assess the international marketing practices of their firms. Specifically, the scale asked the respondents to assess the degree of emphasis his or her firm places on foreign operations (whether the revenue derived from foreign operations is high or low), the development of new products or modification of home-focused products for foreign markets, the extent of collaboration with partners, distributors or suppliers in foreign markets, the extent of the use of foreign sourced ideas to improve local products, the number of foreign markets covered with the firm's products and the number of years the firm has been operating in the foreign market. The mean score on the scale averaged across the six items assesses a firm's degree of international marketing orientation.
Organizational size was measured by capital base, sales turnover, and number of employees. Although sales turnover is a performance variable, it nevertheless indicates how large an organization is. The management literature commonly uses the log of employees as a measure of firm size (Li and Simerly, 1998; Grinyer and McKiernan, 1988). A firm's industry or market structure was operationalised in terms of industry characteristics. The variables that were used to measure industry characteristics (or structure of the market environment) are entry barriers, number of firms in the industry, elasticity of demand, buyers' power, market share, degree of competition, R & D intensity, degree of product differentiation Product Differentiation
A source of competitive advantage that depends on producing some item that is regarded to have unique and valuable characteristics. , and economy of scale. Since this study is concerned with assessing the influence of industry characteristics on firm attitude to the marketing challenges created by changes in the global marketing environment, we decided to adopt the use of the perceptual measures of industry characteristics instead of the archival-based approach suggested by some researchers (e.g. Bourgeois, 1980; Boyd, 1995). Covering the nine industry characteristics selected, ten questions were devised using a 5-point Likert scale to measure this construct (alpha = 0.84). Respondents were asked their perception of the nine characteristics. The mean score on the scale averaged across the three items assesses a firm's industry structure.
We used a dimensionality approach (Miller and Friesman, 1983; Venkatraman, 1989), to assess strategic orientation in this study. The five dimensions used to operationalize strategic orientation i.e. analysis, propensity for risk taking, futurity, proactiveness and defensiveness, were conceptualized with their measures as validated by Venkatraman (1989). Fifteen questions based on Tan and Litschert (1994) and five additional questions specifically prepared for this study were used to approximate these five dimensions. The questions used a 5-point response format. The mean score on the scale averaged across the five dimensions assesses a firm's strategic orientation. This approach was considered better than the methodology utilized by some researchers which entail giving descriptive paragraphs to respondents and asking them to select the paragraph that best described the strategy their firms used (Brouthers et al., 1998).
Research Design
Sample and Data Collection
The sample of firms that participated in the study included 16 indigenous multinational manufacturing firms located in Lagos, Ogun and Oyo States of the Southwestern axis of Nigeria. We used two criteria: homogeneity Homogeneity
The degree to which items are similar. and spread (generalizability) to determine the population from which our sample was drawn. To ensure at least some homogeneity among the respondents, we restricted the firms included in the sample to manufacturing firms. To reduce the confounding confounding
when the effects of two, or more, processes on results cannot be separated, the results are said to be confounded, a cause of bias in disease studies.
confounding factor and obfuscating effects of concentration and enhance data generalibility, we selected three firms each from the sectors of the economy covered. The manufacturing sectors covered included foods and beverages, paints and chemicals, wire and cable, plastics, soaps and detergents, writing instruments, industrial packaging, animal feeds, and lighting bulbs. We considered these industries as exhibiting considerably different types of characteristics in terms of entry barriers, number of firms, elasticity of demand etc. Sufficient number of firms also existed for our analysis.
In this study, an indigenous MNE is defined as an MNE formed and with its international headquarters in Nigeria. A self-report mail survey was used to collect our data. The administration of the mail survey was preceded by a pilot study involving the marketing managers of five indigenous multinational manufacturing firms based in Lagos and Ibadan. The pilot study was carried out to enable us assess the face validity face validity (fāsˑ v·liˑ·di·tē),
n and the reliability of the psychometric measures used in the survey. In the pilot study, semi-structured interviews lasting about two hours were conducted with the five marketing managers selected for the pretest pre·test
a. A preliminary test administered to determine a student's baseline knowledge or preparedness for an educational experience or course of study.
b. A test taken for practice.
2. . During the interviews, the managers were asked about the face validity of the questions. This panel completed a pretest of the survey instrument. In addition to completing the pretest, informants were asked to evaluate the clarity of the questions and to provide feed back regarding the meaningfulness of the language used in the questions. Based on the feedback obtained from the pilot study and analysis of the pretest data, we refined some of the measures and made them more theoretically meaningful. The measures, described above, met the standard criteria for scale development (Devellis, 1991; Mulaik, 1972).
Upon the completion of the pilot study, we prepared and mailed a revised survey instrument to the ten managers in each of 26 firms considered qualified to participate in the study. Three weeks later, we sent a second copy of the survey instrument to the non-respondents. Of the 26 firms contacted, a total of 16 firms returned usable survey instruments resulting in a response rate of 62%. This compares favorably fa·vor·a·ble
1. Advantageous; helpful: favorable winds.
2. Encouraging; propitious: a favorable diagnosis.
3. with the response rates recorded in related previous studies that focused on perceptions and attitudes to environmental challenges.
The dependent attitudinal variables, which were defined and operationalised by using the intensity of a firm's MCA, the firm's innovatory behavior, the firm's international marketing orientation the firm's strategic planning Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. orientation and the firm's ethical marketing Ethical marketing is an honest and factual representation of a product, delivered in a framework of cultural and social values for the consumer. It promotes qualitative benefits to its customers, which other similar companies, products or services fail to recognize. behavior were assessed with questionnaire items. The data for the items were factor analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA EFA
essential fatty acid. ) to examine support for the a prior scales. Kaisers criterion with varimax rotation was applied. Three a prior factors--intensity of MCA, innovatory behavior and international marketing orientation--emerged from the data with 16 items loading unambiguously on the primary factor. We also conducted a confirmatory factor analysis In statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is a special form of factor analysis. It is used to assess the the number of factors and the loadings of variables. (CFA) on the data using the maximum likelihood method and also found support for the prior scales. The estimated loadings showed expected positive sign, all are statistically significant at the P<0.05 level (two--tailed test) and the standardized factor loadings are large enough (>0.4) to provide confidence that the scales are indeed measuring the chosen latent constructs. In addition, the composite reliability of the measures falls above the generally acceptable criterion of 0.6.
Because bias in self-report data is a threat to validity, we conducted two tests to check for bias in the data including inter-rater reliability and non-response bias. Having collected the data, we sent an identical copy of the survey instrument to two additional marketing/sales managers in each of the 16 firms that responded to the first survey. All the 16 firms responded to the second survey. We used these data to conduct a check of inter-rater reliability using Barringer and Bluedorn's (1998) procedure for the 16 firms that responded to the two surveys. The results showed good inter-rater reliability with responses across the matched pair of raters differing by an average of 0.9 scale points on a 5 point Likert scale.
To assess the presence of non-response bias in our data, we compared the firms that responded to our survey with those that did not using two criteria: ownership (defined in terms of whether private limited or publicly quoted) and age of business. We did not find a significant difference between responding and non-responding firms on these characteristics.
As regards observational and theoretical meaningfulness of the measures used in our study, strong literature base exists to support the theoretical validity of innovation, MCA and international marketing orientation. As for organization size, industry structure, and strategic orientation, well developed streams of literature support these constructs. The measures used for the constructs have good reliability and they have performed well in previous studies (e.g. Nyong, 1991; Miles and Snow, 19).
IMO "In my opinion." See IMHO and digispeak.
IMO - IMHO + MCA + MIB (1) (Management Information Base) The hierarchical database used by the simple network management protocol (SNMP) to describe the particular device being monitored. MIB objects are identified using ASN.1 syntax. See SNMP, RMON, OID and ASN.1. = f (SDO SDO Service Data Object
SDO Solar Dynamics Observatory (satellite)
SDO Software Delivery Optimization (Borland)
SDO Sub Divisional Officer (india) +IDS+OS + U)
SDO = Strategic Decision Orientation
IDS = Industry structure assessment
OS = Organization's Size
IMO = International marketing Orientation
MIB = Market Innovation Behavior
MCA = Market customer Analysis
U = Error Term
The dependent variables are IMO, MIB, and MCA while SDO, IDS and OS are independent Variable
Summary of Model Specification I [R.sup.2] [R.sup.2] [R.sup.2] Variable Mean S.D (MCA) (IMO) (MIB) SDO 96.9 2.6 26.5% 5.2% 50.6% IDS 96.4 1.4 27.1% 8.1% 51.2% OS 95.7 1.6 2.1% 7.4% 8.1% Summary of model specifications II [R.sup.2] [R.sup.2] [R.sup.2] Variable Mean S.D (MCA) (IMO) (MIB) SDO 56.1 2.2 2.1 1.1 7.2 IDS 54.1 2.3 3.2 1.2 8.3 OS 55.4 1.7 2.2 1.11 5.6
Out of the 16 companies used for this study only 10 companies showed that were conscious of the implication of neglecting the companies strategic decision, organization size, orientation and their industrial structure on the average 96.9, 96.4 and 95.7 out of 100 respondent from 10 companies agreed that the companies strategic decision orientation, organizational size, and industrial structure are related to the organization's international marketing orientation, the marketing innovation behavior and market customer analysis. The standard deviation figures of 2.6, 1.4, and 1.6 in the model table show that the opinion of the respondent has little or no variance. This means that the mean of this distribution of opinion have a very high validity. However, the co-efficient of multiple determinants R2 shows that 50.6%, 5.2%, 26.5%, 51.2%, 8.1%, 27.1%, 8.1%, 7.4%, 2.1% accounted for the variance that occurs in the companies marketing innovation behavior, International market orientation and market customer analysis that could be traceable to the organization's strategic decision orientation, industrial structure and organizational size respectively. The implication of these results is that these companies are entrepreneurial and prospectors but the organizational size has a very low impact in the variance. The remaining six companies illustrated in the model specification two above showed that out of 60 respondents an average of 56.1, 54.1, 55.4 agreed that the organizations were not conscious of the implications of all variables highlighted in this study. This attitude accounted for the low percentage contribution to the changes that occurred in the market customer analysis, international market orientation and marketing innovation behavior. The implication of this is that the companies are likely to be defenders and reactors.
Discussion and Results
The globalization of markets and industries has radically changed the competitive conditions facing firms and created new marketing challenge for them. Yet how indigenous firms in developing countries are coping and responding to these challenges and the factors that are influencing their attitude is an issue largely overlooked in the business literature. This paper provides empirical evidence which shows that market structure and firm strategy are statistically significant factors explaining the attitude or responsiveness of firm to the marketing challenges of globalization thus effectively linking strategic orientation and market structure to aspects of firm attitude to these challenges. It was found that firm attitude to the marketing challenges of globalization measured by the intensity of market and custom analysis conducted, the extent of marketing innovative, and the degree of international market orientation varied as a direct function of the market structure and the strategic orientation continuum with the attitude or intensity of the variables increasing as the market becomes more fragmented and the organizational strategy becomes more entrepreneurial. The study found that prospectors and firms operating in fragmented markets scored much higher on several MCA thus than the defenders and firms operating in consolidated markets. It also found that marketing innovation and international marketing orientation were most important for prospectors followed by analyzer and then defenders and reactors. The study also found that more firms in fragmented markets tended to adopt a prospector entrepreneurial strategy whereas more firms in consolidated markets tended to adopt a reactor defender strategy. This suggests that environment of a firm influence the firms strategy and the firm's responsiveness to global challenges. The three indices of global market responsiveness where also found to be more important for firms operating in consolidated markets. No significant difference was found between large and moderate large firms in the way they respond to the challenges of globalization. In other words, organizational size was not found to be significantly affecting firm responsiveness to global marketing challenges. Market structure and firm strategy seem to explain and thus predict the difference between firms in the way they handle the challenges.
Theoretically, these finding supports the environmental-contingency perspective which argues that the nature of a firm's behavior and strategy is conditioned by the type of environment in which it is operating while organizations that operate in highly competitive and turbulent environments will tends to be proactive and entrepreneurial to survive, organizations that operate in placid plac·id
1. Undisturbed by tumult or disorder; calm or quiet. See Synonyms at calm.
2. Satisfied; complacent.
[Latin placidus, from randomized ran·dom·ize
tr.v. ran·dom·ized, ran·dom·iz·ing, ran·dom·iz·es
To make random in arrangement, especially in order to control the variables in an experiment. and uncompetitive environments will tends to be defensive and reactive without a serious threat to their prospects of survival. While radical innovation based strategies may be imperative in fragmented industries, incremental adaptation may suffice in consolidated industry environments.
Suggestions for Further Studies
Future research should find out whether the firms that respond better to these challenges gain a higher competitive advantage than those which respond less positively than those which do not respond positively.
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Corresponding Author
Oludare Tolulope Adeyemican be contacted at: email@example.com
Ade Oyedijo (1), Olawale Ibrahim Olateju (1), Mustapha Abiodun Okunnu (2), and Oludare Tolulope Adeyemi (2),
(1) Lagos State University Lagos State University (LASU) was established in 1983 by the enabling Law of Lagos State of Nigeria, for the advancement of learning and establishment of academic excellence. , Ojo, Nigeria Ojo is a town and Local Government Area [1] in Lagos State, Nigeria. Lagos State University is located there. Links
- Ojo Local Government
1. ^ NigeriaCongress.org. Retrieved on 2007-04-08.
(2) Lagos State Lagos State is an administrative region of Nigeria. The smallest of Nigeria's states, Lagos State is the second most populous state after Kano State,[2] and arguably the most economically important state of the county,[3] Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Nigeria
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