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Jeremiah P. Ostriker
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
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Available from: ArXiv
Templates for the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Angular Power Spectrum
Hy Trac
Paul Bode
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker
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We present templates for the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) angular power spectrum based on four models for the nonlinear gas distribution. The frequency-dependent SZ temperature fluctuations, with thermal (TSZ) and kinetic (KSZ) contributions, are calculated by tracing through a dark matter simulation, processed to include gas in dark matter halos and in the filamentary intergalactic medium. Different halo gas models are compared to study how star formation, energetic feedback, and nonthermal pressure support influence the angular power spectrum. The standard model has been calibrated to reproduce the stellar and gas fractions and X-ray scaling relations measured from low redshift clusters and groups. The other models illustrate the current theoretical and empirical uncertainties relating to properties of the intracluster medium. Relative to the standard model, their angular power spectra differ by approximately 50% (TSZ), 20% (KSZ), and 40% (SZ at 148 GHz) for l=3000, sigma_8=0.8, and homogeneous reionization at z=10. The angular power spectrum decreases in amplitude as gas mass and binding energy is removed through star formation, and as gas is pushed out to larger radii by energetic feedback. With nonthermal pressure support, less pressure is required to maintain hydrostatic equilibrium, thus reducing the thermal contribution to the SZ power. We also calculate the SZ templates as a function of sigma_8 and quantify this dependence. Assuming C_l is proprotional to (sigma_8/0.8)^alpha, the effective scaling index ranges from 7<alpha_tsz<9, 4.5<alpha_ksz<5.5, and 6.5<alpha_sz(148 GHz)<8 at l=3000 for 0.6<sigma_8<1. The template spectra are publicly available and can be used when fitting for the SZ contribution to the cosmic microwave background on arcminute scales. Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, to be submitted to ApJ
The Astrophysical Journal 06/2010;
· 6.73 Impact Factor
Available from: Luca Ciotti
Momentum Driving: which physical processes dominate AGN feedback?
Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
Ena Choi
Luca Ciotti
Gregory S. Novak
Daniel Proga
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The deposition of mechanical feedback from a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) into the surrounding galaxy occurs via broad-line winds which must carry mass and radial momentum as well as energy. The effect can be summarized by the dimensionless parameter $\eta=dot{M_outflow}/dot{M_accretion}= (2 \epsilon_w c^2)/v_w^2$ where ($\epslion_w \equiv dot{E}_w/(dot{M_accretion} c^2)$) is the efficiency by which accreted matter is turned into wind energy in the disc surrounding the central SMBH. The outflowing mass and omentum are proportional to $\eta$, and many prior treatments have essentially assumed that $\eta=0$. We perform one- and two-dimensional simulations and find that the growth of the central SMBH is very sensitive to the inclusion of the mass and momentum driving but is insensitive to the assumed mechanical efficiency. For example in representative calculations, the omission of momentum and mass feedback leads to an hundred fold increase in the mass of the SMBH to over $10^{10} \Msun$. When allowance is made for momentum driving, the final SMBH mass is much lower and the wind efficiencies which lead to the most observationally acceptable results are relatively low with $\epsilon_w \lesssim 10^{-4}$. Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, resubmitted to ApJ, added references
Available from: Luca Ciotti
Feedback from central black holes in elliptical galaxies. III: models with both radiative and mechanical feedback
L. Ciotti
, J. P. Ostriker,
D. Proga
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We find, from high-resolution hydro simulations, that winds from AGN effectively heat the inner parts (~100 pc) of elliptical galaxies, reducing infall to the central SMBH; and radiative (photoionization and X-ray) heating reduces cooling flows at the kpc scale. Including both types of feedback with (peak) efficiencies of 3 10^{-4} < epsilon_mech < 10^{-3} and of epsilon_rad ~10^{-1.3} respectively, produces systems having duty-cycles, central SMBH masses, X-ray luminosities, optical light profiles, and E+A spectra in accord with the broad suite of modern observations of massive elliptical systems. Our main conclusion is that mechanical feedback (including all three of energy, momentum and mass) is necessary but the efficiency, based on several independent arguments must be a factor of 10 lower than is commonly assumed. Bursts are frequent at z>1 and decline in frequency towards the present epoch as energy and metal rich gas are expelled from the galaxies into the surrounding medium. For a representative galaxy of final stellar mass ~3 10^{11} Msun, roughly 3 10^{10} Msun of recycled gas has been added to the ISM since z~2 and, of that, roughly 63% has been expelled from the galaxy, 19% has been converted into new metal rich stars in the central few hundred parsecs, and 2% has been added to the central SMBH, with the remaining 16% in the form hot X-ray emitting ISM. The bursts occupy a total time of ~170 Myr, which is roughly 1.4% of the available time. Of this time, the central SMBH would be seen as an UV or optical source for ~45% and ~71$% of the time, respectively. Restricting to the last 8.5 Gyr, the burst occupy ~44 Myr, corresponding to a fiducial duty-cycle of ~5 10^{-3}. Comment: 41 pages, 11 figures (bitmapped, low-quality), ApJ accepted
The Astrophysical Journal 03/2010;
· 6.73 Impact Factor
Available from: Claire N. Lackner
Dissipational Versus Dissipationless Galaxy Formation and the Dark Matter Content of Galaxies
C. N. Lackner
, J. P. Ostriker
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We examine two extreme models for the build-up of the stellar component of luminous elliptical galaxies. In one case, we assume the build-up of stars is dissipational, with centrally accreted gas radiating away its orbital and thermal energy; the dark matter (DM) halo will undergo adiabatic contraction and the central DM density profile will steepen. For the second model, we assume the central galaxy is assembled by a series of dissipationless mergers of stellar clumps that have formed far from the nascent galaxy. In order to be accreted, these clumps lose their orbital energy to the DM halo via dynamical friction, thereby heating the central DM and smoothing the DM density cusp. The central DM density profiles differ drastically between these models. For the isolated elliptical galaxy, NGC 4494, the central DM densities follow the power laws r –0.2 and r –1.7 for the dissipational and dissipationless models, respectively. By matching the dissipational and dissipationless models to observations of the stellar component of elliptical galaxies, we examine the relative contributions of dissipational and dissipationless mergers to the formation of elliptical galaxies and look for observational tests that will distinguish between these models. Comparisons to strong lensing brightest cluster galaxies yield median (M */L) B ratios of 2.1 ± 0.8 and 5.2 ± 1.7 at z 0.39 for the dissipational and dissipationless models, respectively. For NGC 4494, the best-fit dissipational and dissipationless models have (M */L) B = 2.97 and 3.96. Comparisons to expected stellar mass-to-light ratios from passive evolution and population syntheses appear to rule out a purely dissipational formation mechanism for the central stellar regions of giant elliptical galaxies.
The Astrophysical Journal 02/2010; 712(1):88.
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Available from: Luca Ciotti
Synchrotron Emission from Elliptical Galaxies Consequent to Active Galactic Nucleus Outbursts
Yan-Fei Jiang
Luca Ciotti
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
and Anatoly Spitkovsky
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Both radiative and mechanical feedback from active galactic nuclei have been found to be important for the evolution of elliptical galaxies. We compute how a shock may be driven from a central black hole into the gaseous envelope of an elliptical galaxy by such feedback (in the form of nuclear winds) using high resolution one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. We calculate the synchrotron emission from the electron cosmic rays accelerated by the shocks (not the jets) in the central part of elliptical galaxies, and we also study the synchrotron spectrum's evolution using the standard diffusive shock acceleration mechanism, which is routinely applied to supernova remnants. We find quantitative consistency between the synchrotron radio emission produced via this mechanism with extant observations of elliptical galaxies which are undergoing outbursts. Additionally, we also find that synchrotron optical and X-ray emission can co-exist inside elliptical galaxies during a specific evolutionary phase subsequent to central outbursts. In fact, our calculations predict a peak synchrotron luminosity of ~1.3 × 106 L ☉ at the frequency 5 GHz (radio band), of ~1.1 × 106 L ☉ at 4.3 × 1014 Hz (corresponding to the absolute magnitude –10.4 in R band), and of ~1.5 × 107 L ☉ at 2.4 × 1017 Hz (soft X-ray, 0.5-2.0 keV band).
The Astrophysical Journal 02/2010; 711(1):125.
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Available from: Carlos Hernández-Monteagudo
Simulations of the Microwave Sky
Neelima Sehgal
Paul Bode
Sudeep Das
Carlos Hernandez-Monteagudo
Kevin Huffenberger
Yen-Ting Lin
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
and Hy Trac
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We create realistic, full-sky, half-arcminute resolution simulations of the microwave sky matched to the most recent astrophysical observations. The primary purpose of these simulations is to test the data reduction pipeline for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) experiment; however, we have widened the frequency coverage beyond the ACT bands and utilized the easily accessible HEALPix map format to make these simulations applicable to other current and near future microwave background experiments. Some of the novel features of these simulations are that the radio and infrared galaxy populations are correlated with the galaxy cluster and group populations, the primordial microwave background is lensed by the dark matter structure in the simulation via a ray-tracing code, the contribution to the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signals from galaxy clusters, groups, and the intergalactic medium has been included, and the gas prescription to model the SZ signals has been refined to match the most recent X-ray observations. The cosmology adopted in these simulations is also consistent with the WMAP 5-year parameter measurements. From these simulations we find a slope for the Y 200-M 200 relation that is only slightly steeper than self-similar, with an intrinsic scatter in the relation of ~14%. Regarding the contamination of cluster SZ flux by radio galaxies, we find for 148 GHz (90 GHz) only 3% (4%) of halos have their SZ decrements contaminated at a level of 20% or more. We find the contamination levels higher for infrared galaxies. However, at 90 GHz, less than 20% of clusters with M 200 > 2.5 × 1014 M ☉ and z < 1.2 have their SZ decrements filled in at a level of 20% or more. At 148 GHz, less than 20% of clusters with M 200 > 2.5 × 1014 M ☉ and z < 0.8 have their SZ decrements filled in at a level of 50% or larger. Our models also suggest that a population of very high flux infrared galaxies, which are likely lensed sources, contribute most to the SZ contamination of very massive clusters at 90 and 148 GHz. These simulations are publicly available and should serve as a useful tool for microwave surveys to cross-check SZ cluster detection, power spectrum, and cross-correlation analyses.
The Astrophysical Journal 01/2010; 709(2):920.
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Available from: Peter H. Johansson
The Effects of the Ionizing Radiation Background on Galaxy Evolution
D. Clay Hambrick
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
Thorsten Naab
Peter H. Johansson
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We find that the amount and nature of the assumed ionizing background can strongly affect galaxy formation and evolution. Galaxy evolution simulations typically incorporate an ultraviolet background which falls off rapidly above z=3; e.g., that of Haardt & Madau (1996). However, this decline may be too steep to fit the WMAP constraints on electron scattering optical depth or observations of intermediate redshift (z ~ 2-4) Ly-alpha forest transmission. As an alternative, we present simulations of the cosmological formation of individual galaxies with UV backgrounds that decline more slowly at high redshift: both a simple intensity rescaling and the background recently derived by Faucher-Giguere (2009), which softens the spectrum at higher redshifts. We also test an approximation of the X-ray background with a similar z-dependence. We find for the test galaxies that an increase in either the intensity or hardness of ionizing radiation generically pushes star formation towards lower redshifts: although overall star formation in the simulation boxes is reduced by 10-25%, the galaxies show a factor of ~2 increase in the fraction of stars within a 30 kpc radius that are formed after z=1. Other effects include late gas inflows enhanced up to 30 times, stellar half-mass radii decreased by up to 30%, central velocity dispersions increased up to 40%, and a strong reduction in substructure. The magnitude of the effects depends on the environmental/accretion properties of the particular galaxy. Comment: 10 emulateapj pages, 10 figures; accepted by ApJ
The Astrophysical Journal 09/2009;
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Schools anxiously await NRC program rankings--response.
Jeremiah P Ostriker,
Charlotte Kuh
Science 06/2009; 324(5931):1141.
· 31.20 Impact Factor
Available from: Luca Ciotti
Feedback from central black holes in elliptical galaxies. II: Can purely mechanical energy feedback models work?
Min-Su Shin
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
Luca Ciotti
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By using high-resolution 1D hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate the effects of purely mechanical feedback from super massive black holes (SMBHs) in the evolution of elliptical galaxies for a broad range of feedback efficiencies and compare the results to four major observational constraints. In particular, we focus on 1) the central black hole to stellar mass ratio of the host galaxy, 2) the lifetime of the luminous quasar phase, 3) the mass of stars formed in the host galaxy within the last Gyr, and 4) the X-ray luminosity of the hot diffuse gas. As a result, we try to pin down the most successful range of mechanical feedback efficiencies. We find that while low feedback efficiencies result in too much growth of the SMBH, high efficiencies totally blow out the hot interstellar gas, and the models are characterized by very low thermal X-ray luminosity well below the observed range. The net lifetime of the quasar phase is strongly coupled to the mass ratio between SMBH and its host galaxy, while the X-ray luminosity is generally correlated to the recent star formation within the last Gyr. When considering the popularly adopted model of the constant feedback efficiency, the feedback energy deposited into the ambient medium should be more than 0.01% of the SMBH accretion energy to be consistent with the SMBH mass to stellar mass ratio in the local universe. Yet, the X-ray luminosity of the hot gas favors about 0.005% of the accretion energy as the mechanical AGN feedback energy. We conclude that the purely mechanical feedback mode is unlikely to be simultaneously compatible with all four observable tests, even allowing a broad range of feedback efficiencies, and that including both radiative and mechanical feedback together may be a solution to comply the observational constraints. [abridged]
The Astrophysical Journal 05/2009; 711(1).
· 6.73 Impact Factor
Available from: ArXiv
Exploring the Energetics of Intracluster Gas with a Simple and Accurate Model
Paul Bode
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
Alexey Vikhlinin
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The state of the hot gas in clusters of galaxies is investigated with a set of model clusters, created by assuming a polytropic equation of state (Gamma=1.2) and hydrostatic equilibrium inside gravitational potential wells drawn from a dark matter simulation. Star formation, energy input, and nonthermal pressure support are included. To match the gas fractions seen in non-radiative hydrodynamical simulations, roughly 5% of the binding energy of the dark matter must be transferred to the gas during cluster formation; the presence of nonthermal pressure support increases this value. In order to match X-ray observations, scale-free behavior must be broken. This can be due to either variation of the efficiency of star formation with cluster mass M_500, or the input of additional energy proportional to the formed stellar mass M_F. These two processes have similar effects on X-ray scalings. If 9% of the gas is converted into stars, independent of cluster mass, then feedback energy input of 1.2e-5*M_Fc^2 (or ~1.0 keV per particle) is required to match observed clusters. Alternatively, if the stellar mass fraction varies as M_500^-0.26 then a lower feedback of 4e-6*M_Fc^2 is needed, and if the stellar fraction varies as steeply as M_500^-0.49 then no additional feedback is necessary. The model clusters reproduce the observed trends of gas temperature and gas mass fraction with cluster mass, as well as observed entropy and pressure profiles; thus they provide a calibrated basis with which to interpret upcoming SZ surveys. One consequence of the increased gas energy is that the baryon fraction inside the virial radius is less than roughly 90% of the cosmic mean, even for the most massive clusters. Comment: Accepted by ApJ; 28 pages, 12 figures
The Astrophysical Journal 05/2009;
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Available from: S. Pellegrini
Clues on black hole feedback from simulated and observed X-ray properties of elliptical galaxies
S. Pellegrini
L. Ciotti
, J.P. Ostriker
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The centers of elliptical galaxies host supermassive black holes that significantly affect the surrounding interstellar medium through feedback resulting from the accretion process. The evolution of this gas and of the nuclear emission during the galaxies' lifetime has been studied recently with high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations. These included gas cooling and heating specific for an average AGN spectral energy distribution, a radiative efficiency declining at low mass accretion rates, and mechanical coupling between the hot gas and AGN winds. Here, we present a short summary of the observational properties resulting from the simulations, focussing on (1) the nuclear luminosity; (2) the global luminosity and temperature of the hot gas; (3) its temperature profile and X-ray brightness profile. These properties are compared with those of galaxies of the local universe, pointing out the successes of the adopted feedback and the needs for new input in the simulations.
Advances in Space Research 05/2009;
· 1.18 Impact Factor
Available from: Thirupathi Sivarani
The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Kevork N. Abazajian
Jennifer K. Adelman-McCarthy
Marcel A. Agüeros
Sahar S. Allam
Carlos Allende Prieto
Deokkeun An
Kurt S. J. Anderson
Scott F. Anderson
James Annis
Neta A. Bahcall
, [......],
Andrew A. West
Simon D. M. White
Brian C. Wilhite
Alainna C. Wonders
Brian Yanny
D. R. Yocum
Donald G. York
Idit Zehavi
Stefano Zibetti
Daniel B. Zucker
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This paper describes the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), marking the completion of the original goals of the SDSS and the end of the phase known as SDSS-II. It includes 11,663 deg^2 of imaging data, with most of the ~2000 deg^2 increment over the previous data release lying in regions of low Galactic latitude. The catalog contains five-band photometry for 357 million distinct objects. The survey also includes repeat photometry on a 120° long, 2°.5 wide stripe along the celestial equator in the Southern Galactic Cap, with some regions covered by as many as 90 individual imaging runs. We include a co-addition of the best of these data, going roughly 2 mag fainter than the main survey over 250 deg^2. The survey has completed spectroscopy over 9380 deg^2; the spectroscopy is now complete over a large contiguous area of the Northern Galactic Cap, closing the gap that was present in previous data releases. There are over 1.6 million spectra in total, including 930,000 galaxies, 120,000 quasars, and 460,000 stars. The data release includes improved stellar photometry at low Galactic latitude. The astrometry has all been recalibrated with the second version of the USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog, reducing the rms statistical errors at the bright end to 45 milliarcseconds per coordinate. We further quantify a systematic error in bright galaxy photometry due to poor sky determination; this problem is less severe than previously reported for the majority of galaxies. Finally, we describe a series of improvements to the spectroscopic reductions, including better flat fielding and improved wavelength calibration at the blue end, better processing of objects with extremely strong narrow emission lines, and an improved determination of stellar metallicities.
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 05/2009; 182(2):543.
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Available from: ArXiv
A New Test of the Statistical Nature of the Brightest Cluster Galaxies
Yen-Ting Lin
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
Christopher J. Miller
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A novel statistic is proposed to examine the hypothesis that all cluster galaxies are drawn from the same luminosity distribution (LD). In such a "statistical model" of galaxy LD, the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are simply the statistical extreme of the galaxy population. Using a large sample of nearby clusters, we show that BCGs in high luminosity clusters (e.g., L_tot > 4x10^11 L_sun) are unlikely (probability <3x10^-4) to be drawn from the LD defined by all red cluster galaxies more luminous than M_r=-20. On the other hand, BCGs in less luminous clusters are consistent with being the statistical extreme. Applying our method to the second brightest galaxies, we show that they are consistent with being the statistical extreme, which implies that the BCGs are also distinct from non-BCG luminous, red, cluster galaxies. We point out some issues with the interpretation of the classical tests proposed by Tremaine & Richstone (1977) that are designed to examine the statistical nature of BCGs, investigate the robustness of both our statistical test and those of TR against difficulties in photometry of galaxies of large angular size, and discuss the implication of our findings on surveys that use the luminous red galaxies to measure the baryon acoustic oscillation features in the galaxy power spectrum. Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables; published in ApJ
The Astrophysical Journal 04/2009;
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Available from: F. J. Lockman
How do Galaxies Accrete Gas and Form Stars?
M. E. Putman
P. Henning
A. Bolatto
D. Keres
D. J. Pisano
J. Rosenberg
F. Bigiel
G. Bryan
D. Calzetti
C. Carilli
, [......],
S. Stanimirovic
D. Thilker
C. Thom
J. Tinker
J. M. van der Hulst
B. Wakker
B. Weiner
A. Wolfe
O. I. Wong
L. Young
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Great strides have been made in the last two decades in determining how galaxies evolve from their initial dark matter seeds to the complex structures we observe at z=0. The role of mergers has been documented through both observations and simulations, numerous satellites that may represent these initial dark matter seeds have been discovered in the Local Group, high redshift galaxies have been revealed with monstrous star formation rates, and the gaseous cosmic web has been mapped through absorption line experiments. Despite these efforts, the dark matter simulations that include baryons are still unable to accurately reproduce galaxies. One of the major problems is our incomplete understanding of how a galaxy accretes its baryons and subsequently forms stars. Galaxy formation simulations have been unable to accurately represent the required gas physics on cosmological timescales, and observations have only just begun to detect the star formation fuel over a range of redshifts and environments. How galaxies obtain gas and subsequently form stars is a major unsolved, yet tractable problem in contemporary extragalactic astrophysics. In this paper we outline how progress can be made in this area in the next decade.
Available from: Peter H. Johansson
Gravitational Heating Helps Make Massive Galaxies Red and Dead
Peter H. Johansson
Thorsten Naab
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker
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We study the thermal formation history of four simulated galaxies that were shown in Naab et al. (2007) to reproduce a number of observed properties of elliptical galaxies. The temperature of the gas in the galaxies is steadily increasing with decreasing redshift, although much of the gas has a cooling time shorter than the Hubble time. The gas is being heated and kept hot by gravitational heating processes through the release of potential energy from infalling stellar clumps. The energy is dissipated in supersonic collisions of infalling gas lumps with the ambient gas and through the dynamical capturing of satellite systems causing gravitational wakes that transfer energy to the surrounding gas. Furthermore dynamical friction from the infalling clumps pushes out dark matter, lowering the central dark matter density by up to a factor of two from z=3 to z=0. In galaxies in which the late formation history (z<2) is dominated by minor merging and accretion the energy released (E~5x10^{59} ergs) from gravitational feedback is sufficient to form red and dead elliptical galaxies by z~1 even in the absence of supernova and AGN feedback.
The Astrophysical Journal 03/2009; 697(1).
· 6.73 Impact Factor
Available from: Peter H. Johansson
Minor mergers and the size evolution of elliptical galaxies
Thorsten Naab
Peter H. Johansson
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker
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Using a high resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation of the formation of a massive spheroidal galaxy we show that elliptical galaxies can be very compact and massive at high redshift in agreement with recent observations. Accretion of stripped in-falling stellar material increases the size of the system with time and the central concentration is reduced by dynamical friction of the surviving stellar cores. In a specific case of a spheroidal galaxy with a final stellar mass of $1.5 \times 10^{11} M_{\odot}$ we find that the effective radius $r_e$ increases from $0.7 \pm 0.2 \rm kpc$ at z = 3 to $r_e = 2.4 \pm 0.4 \rm kpc$ at z = 0 with a concomitant decrease in the effective density of an order of magnitude and a decrease of the central velocity dispersion by approximately 20% over this time interval. A simple argument based on the virial theorem shows that during the accretion of weakly bound material (minor mergers) the radius can increase as the square of the mass in contrast to the usual linear rate of increase for major mergers. By undergoing minor mergers compact high redshift spheroids can evolve into present-day systems with sizes and concentrations similar to observed local ellipticals. This indicates that minor mergers may be the main driver for the late evolution of sizes and densities of early-type galaxies.
The Astrophysical Journal 03/2009; 699.
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Available from: arxiv.org
The Lyα Forest from Gravitational Collapse in the Cold Dark Matter + Λ Model
Jordi Miralda-Escudé
Renyue Cen
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
and Michael Rauch
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[Hide abstract]
We use an Eulerian hydrodynamic cosmological simulation to model the Lyα forest in a spatially flat, COBE-normalized, cold dark matter model with) Ω = 0.4. We find that the intergalactic, photoionized gas is predicted to collapse into sheetlike and filamentary structures which give rise to absorption lines having characteristics similar to the observed Lyα forest. A typical filament is ~500 h–1 kpc long with thickness ~50 h–1 kpc (in proper units), and baryonic mass ~ 1010 h−1 M. In comparison our cell size is (2.5, 9) h−1 kpc in the two simulations we perform, with true resolution perhaps a factor of 2.5 worse than this. The gas temperature is in the range 104-105 K, and it increases with time as structures with larger velocities collapse gravitationally. We show that the predicted distributions of column densities, b-parameters, and equivalent widths of the Lyα forest clouds agree reasonably with observations, and that their evolution is consistent with the observed evolution, if the ionizing background has an approximately constant intensity between z = 2 and z = 4. A new method of identifying lines as contiguous regions in the spectrum below a fixed flux threshold is suggested to analyze the absorption lines, given that the Lyα spectra arise from a continuous density field of neutral hydrogen rather than discrete clouds. We also predict the distribution of transmitted flux and its correlation along a spectrum and on parallel spectra, and the He ii flux decrement as a function of redshift. We predict a correlation length of ~80 h−1 kpc perpendicular to the line of sight for features in the Lyα forest. In order to reproduce the observed number of lines and average flux transmission, the baryon content of the clouds may need to be significantly higher than in previous models because of the low densities and large volume-filling factors we predict. If the background intensity JH I is at least that predicted from the observed quasars, Ωb needs to be as high as ~0.25 h−2. The model also predicts that most of the baryons at z > 2 are in Lyα clouds, and that the rate at which the baryons move to more overdense regions is slow. A large fraction of the baryons which are not observed at present in galaxies might be intergalactic gas in the currently collapsing structures, with T ~ 105–106 K. All our results on the statistical properties of the simulated spectra are predictions that can be directly tested by applying the same methods to observed spectra. We are making the simulated spectra electronically available.
The Astrophysical Journal 01/2009; 471(2):582.
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Available from: Gustavo Yepes
The Santa Barbara Cluster Comparison Project: A Comparison of Cosmological Hydrodynamics Solutions
C. S. Frenk
S. D. M. White
P. Bode
J. R. Bond
G. L. Bryan
R. Cen
H. M. P. Couchman
A. E. Evrard
N. Gnedin
A. Jenkins
, [......],
J. M. Owen
F. R. Pearce
U.-L. Pen
M. Steinmetz
P. A. Thomas
J. V. Villumsen
J. W. Wadsley
M. S. Warren
G. Xu
and G. Yepes
[Show abstract]
[Hide abstract]
We have simulated the formation of an X-ray cluster in a cold dark matter universe using 12 different codes. The codes span the range of numerical techniques and implementations currently in use, including smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and grid methods with fixed, deformable, or multilevel meshes. The goal of this comparison is to assess the reliability of cosmological gasdynamical simulations of clusters in the simplest astrophysically relevant case, that in which the gas is assumed to be nonradiative. We compare images of the cluster at different epochs, global properties such as mass, temperature and X-ray luminosity, and radial profiles of various dynamical and thermodynamical quantities. On the whole, the agreement among the various simulations is gratifying, although a number of discrepancies exist. Agreement is best for properties of the dark matter and worst for the total X-ray luminosity. Even in this case, simulations that adequately resolve the core radius of the gas distribution predict total X-ray luminosities that agree to within a factor of 2. Other quantities are reproduced to much higher accuracy. For example, the temperature and gas mass fraction within the virial radius agree to within about 10%, and the ratio of specific dark matter kinetic to gas thermal energies agree to within about 5%. Various factors, including differences in the internal timing of the simulations, contribute to the spread in calculated cluster properties. Based on the overall consistency of results, we discuss a number of general properties of the cluster we have modeled.
The Astrophysical Journal 01/2009; 525(2):554.
· 6.73 Impact Factor
Available from: Luca Ciotti
Feedback from central black holes in elliptical galaxies. I: models with either radiative or mechanical feedback but not both
Luca Ciotti
, Jeremiah P. Ostriker,
Daniel Proga
[Show abstract]
[Hide abstract]
The importance of the radiative feedback from SMBHs at the centers of elliptical galaxies is not in doubt, given the well established relations among electromagnetic output, black hole mass and galaxy optical luminosity. In addition, feedback due to mechanical and thermal deposition of energy from jets and winds emitted by the accretion disk around the central SMBH is also expected to occur. In this paper we improve and extend the accretion and feedback physics explored in our previous papers to include also a physically motivated mechanical feedback. We study the evolution of an isolated elliptical galaxy with the aid of a high-resolution 1-D hydrodynamical code, where the cooling and heating functions include photoionization and Compton effects, and restricting to models which include only radiative or only mechanical feedback. We confirm that for Eddington ratios above 0.01 both the accretion and radiative output are forced by feedback effects to be in burst mode, so that strong intermittencies are expected at early times, while at low redshift the explored models are characterized by smooth, very sub-Eddington mass accretion rates punctuated by rare outbursts. However, the explored models always fail some observational tests. If we assume the high mechanical efficiency of 10^{-2.3}, we find that most of the gas is ejected from the galaxy, the resulting X-ray luminosity is far less than is typically observed and little SMBH growth occurs. But models with low enough mechanical efficiency to accomodate satisfactory SMBH growth tend to allow too strong cooling flows and leave galaxies at z=0 with E+A spectra more frequently than is observed. We conclude that both types of feedback are required. Models with combined feedback are explored in a forthcoming paper [abridged] Comment: 42 pages, 4 figures (low resolution), ApJ accepted
The Astrophysical Journal 01/2009;
· 6.73 Impact Factor
Available from: Thom H Dunning
Science and Engineering in the Petascale Era.
Thom H Dunning
Klaus Schulten
Jeroen Tromp
, Jeremiah P Ostriker,
Kelvin Droegemeier
Ming Xue
Paul Fussell
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What breakthrough advances will petascale computing bring to various science and engineering fields? Experts in everything from astronomy to seismology envision the opportunities ahead and the impact they'll have on advancing our understanding of the world.
Computing in Science and Engineering 01/2009; 11(5):28-37.
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text:
POSTS TAGGED: HTC Desire HD
HTC Desire HD Gets Sense 5.0 Port
Posted January 4, 2014 at 09:30 am by Samantha
The HTC Desire HD has quite the history. With a 4.3-inch screen on the outside and a single core 1GHz CPU on the inside, it became available all the way back in 2010, rocking some truly ancient software that'll challenge even the most studious of historians—namely Android 2.2 Froyo and HTC Sense 2.0. It was upgradeable to Android 2.3 Gingerbread and Sense 3.0, and was graciously promised by HTC an upgrade to Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwhich. Unfortunately, HTC didn't keep their promise and backpedaled, essentially crushing any hope for Desire HD owners to experience the benefits of later, official releases.
But as we've witnessed time and time again, where there's a will, t. . . READ ON »
Easily Dim the Capacitive Buttons on Many HTC Devices
Posted October 24, 2013 at 10:30 pm by Will Verduzco
Hardware capacitive buttons seem to be a love-it-or-hate-it affair. While many of us seem to prefer the versatility of the on-screen buttons most commonly seen on modern Nexus devices, others instead favor the increased usable screen real estate made possible by having dedicated keys outside of the display.
If you happen to own an HTC device, you are probably a fan of dedicated hardware buttons. But that's not to say that you can't tweak them to make them work better for you. XDA Senior Member denversc created an app called Capacitive Buttons Brightness, which does… Well, you guessed it. It allows you to change the brightness of your capacitive buttons.
Currently, the app official. . . READ ON »
HTC Desire HD Gets Source-Built 4.2.1 ROM and Kernel
Posted December 2, 2012 at 03:30 pm by Haroon Q. Raja
In the world of smartphones, some devices never cease to amaze us. And while it may not exactly be the HD2, the HTC Desire HD is certainly shows its lineage. HTC may have long declared end of upgrade support for this once flagship, the developer community hasn't forgotten it at all, and it has been dual booted, made to natively run Ubuntu, given the latest HTC Sense ports, and received working ICS and Jelly Bean 4.1 custom ROMs. The latest in this series of developments for the device is the AOSP-based codefireX Android 4.2.1 Jelly Bean ROM brought to us by XDA Senior Member synergye.
The ROM is completely open-source, and is built with an optimized Linaro toolchain for those who believe this helps perf. . . READ ON »
Sense 4.1 Has Been Ported to the HTC Desire HD
Posted October 26, 2012 at 12:00 am by Former Writer
With all the new devices being released, or about to be released, some might ask where the love is for older devices. OEMs haven't been the greatest when it comes to delivering updates. Even if the device is capable of running it. However, that's when the developers at XDA step in and deliver updates. The HTC Desire HD is one of those devices that just keeps on rolling. Not long ago, Sense 4.0 was more or less made stable. Now, Sense 4.1 has arrived.
XDA Recognized Contributor torxx has released the first Sense 4.1 ROM for the Desire HD. It just goes to show that OEMs really don't always know what they're talking about when it comes to what their devices can handle. It's running full Sen. . . READ ON »
PACman ROM Ported to HTC Desire S and Desire HD
Posted October 25, 2012 at 12:00 am by David Watt
We've recently posted a number of articles about a hybrid ROM known as PACman ROM. Originating on the Xperia Ray, it was later ported to the Samsung Galaxy Ace and the Sony Ericsson Xperia Pro. PACrom is now making it's way across a number of other devices on XDA.
PACman merges some of the best features from Paranoid Android, AOKP, and CyanogenMod into one uber-featured ROM. The latest devices to receive a PACman port are the HTC Desire S and the old favorite, the HTC Desire HD, both thanks to XDA Senior member blindndumb.
The Desire S ROM should be considered a test ROM, with a number of known bugs at present, including problems with the front camera, speakerphone, and WiFi Hotspot.
The . . . READ ON »
Team Win Recovery Project Updated to 2.3
Posted October 14, 2012 at 12:00 pm by Former Writer
The last time we brought you news about TWRP, it was to announce that TWRP 2.2.2 had been released. It had fixed a lot of bugs from the initial release of TWRP 2.2 and added a few new features. Very recently, TWRP has been updated again to version 2.3.
There were a whole bunch of awesome improvements with TWRP 2.2 and a lot of unique and brand new features as well. TWRP 2.3 promises no less. The official change log includes:
Rebased onto AOSP Jelly Bean source code
Rewrote backup, restore, wipe, and mount code in C++ classes for easier maintenance going forward
NOTE: backups from prior versions of TWRP are still compatible with 2.3
ADB sideload functionality from AOSP is included in 2.3, see this link for more info
Desire HD Kernel Fixes Camera on Sense 4 ROMs
Posted August 19, 2012 at 06:00 am by Former Writer
Previously in HTC Desire HD development, there had been only one Sense 4 ROM that had camera and camcorder working. It was Virtuous ROM from XDA Recognized Developer chrisch1974. However, to use the same kernel on other Sense 4 ROMs meant losing other features such as WiFi. So, the driving attempt has been to get a kernel for the other Sense 4 ROMs so that they could have working camera and camcorder as well. Now that work has finally paid off.
XDA Senior Member ted77usa recently released a ROM that gives camera and camcorder support to Desire HD Sense 4 ROMs without losing WiFi. The breakthrough came after XDA Forum Member tgeorg was able to figure out the problem with the kernel. As tgeorg puts it:
The problem with th
Desire HD Receives Ice Cream Sandwich – No Thanks to HTC
Posted August 16, 2012 at 08:30 am by David Watt
A few weeks ago, we reported on HTC's disappointing decision not to provide an official Ice Cream Sandwich update for the Desire HD. Not even a petition with over 15,000 signatures was enough to persuade them to change their mind. It did however, force them to release an official statement:
We've heard your feedback on our decision not to update the HTC Desire HD to Android 4.0. We completely understand that this is a controversial decision.
For more background, due to how storage on the HTC Desire HD is partitioned – and the larger size of Android 4.0 – it would require re-partitioning device storage and overwriting user data in order to install this update. While technically advanced users migh
HTC Decides Against ICS for the Desire HD, Petition Started
Posted July 23, 2012 at 07:00 pm by Former Writer
For shame, HTC! Once promised an update to Ice Cream Sandwich, the HTC Desire HD received an update from HTC alright—just not the one everyone was expecting. On their blog, HTC has announced that they believe Desire HD users are better off without ICS. They state:
After extensive testing, we've determined that the current version of HTC Sense with Android provides customers with the best experience on the HTC Desire HD. When we consider new versions of software, we weigh a number of factors, but ultimately the customer experience on the product is the deciding factor. We apologize for any confusion this change may have caused our customers.
After a collective sigh, the DHD community has taken to actio. . . READ ON »

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A Meadow married a Green girl in WVa. George Godfrey lived in Chas Co., MD early days. I have Ellis ancestors. Also, looking for Hambrick, Peterson, Cooper, Hall, Shipley, Pressley/Presnell/Preston/Pressmil-ler. firstname.lastname@example.com
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Joined: 27 Aug 05
Backstabber, a friend of mine!
sharuk khan
Joined: 17 Apr 06
me too
and maroon 5
Mostly stupid people and racists
Joined: 18 Apr 06
backstabbers, b*****s, liars
judgemental and ungrateful people
Joined: 2 Feb 06
liers and hipocrites
Joined: 27 Apr 06
i hate the ministers of india.... they r so corrupted
Losing in anything and rapists.............
Joined: 27 Apr 06
oh yea !!! i hate rapists also
This topic has 390 posts, spanning 39 pages.


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Islam in South Africa: Mosques, Imams, and Sermons
According to The Orange Grove, "Until now, researchers on Islam in Africa have paid little attention to the continent's southern tip. In the first English-language study of the subject, Abdulkader Tayob examines the Islamic institutions of South Africa, tracing their development over the last 200 years, from the first European colony in the 17th century through British colonialism and apartheid."
Material Type: Open Textbook
Technical Format: PDF
Date Added to MERLOT: January 06, 2011
Date Modified in MERLOT: January 06, 2011
Submitter: Cathy Swift
Reviewed by members of Editorial board for inclusion in MERLOT.Editor Review (not reviewed)
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Mobile Compatibility: Not specified at this time
Language: English
Cost Involved: no
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text:
Game Credits
|Fusion: Genesis (2011)
|(Additional SFX)
|Kinect Sports (2010)
|Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts (2008)
|(Clanging and Banging)
Quality Assurance
|Disney Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two (2012)
|(Quality Assurance Team)
|Operation Flashpoint: Red River (2011)
|(QA Technicians)
|Cloudberry Kingdom (2013)
|(Musical Score)
Developer Biography
James Stant is a composer, sound designer and multi-instrumentalist from Leicestershire, England. His first major audio credit was on Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts (2008), going on to provide audio contributions to the BAFTA-winning title Kinect Sports (2010). James joined Codemasters in 2011 as a Quality Assurance Technician, taking up the same role at Blitz Games Studios later that year. He joined Frontier Developments in May 2013 as an Audio Designer, where he currently works.
James graduated from Coventry University with a bachelor's degree (with First Class Honors) in Music Composition and Professional Practice in 2009. He graduated from the same institution a year later with a master's degree, also in Music Composition. He has also worked with numerous music artists around the world including the Grammy and Emmy-nominated band Bowling For Soup.
Last updated: Jun 30, 2013
James Stant (2013)
Related Sites
There are no related websites on file for this developer. If you know of any related websites for the person, please consider contributing them.


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Winchester® Double X High-Velocity Turkey Shotshells
The ultimate force in stop-'em-cold hitting power, even at long range. Quality made, with extra-hard, fully buffered copperplate shot, Mark 5 shot collars and a magnum load of specially blended propellants. Max dram equivalent. 10 rounds per box.
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text:
musical comedySyllabification: mu·si·cal com·e·dy
Definition of musical comedy in English:
A light play or movie with songs, dialogue, and dancing, connected by a plot.
Example sentences
- She has played the lead in theatrical work spanning Shakespeare, Greek tragedy, musical comedies, farce and Absurd theatre to contemporary drama.
- Although hailed as one of the greatest stars of the Thirties films, and a musical comedy star of the first rank, when one comes to look at her career at the top it was very short.
- Day was better known as a singer, and had starred in a number of musical comedies and light fare throughout the '40s and early '50s.
Definition of musical comedy in:
- British & World English dictionary
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Word of the day odium
Pronunciation: ˈōdēəm
widespread hatred or disgust for someone…


text:
44 comments found
Dankov – I love your work. I just want to know if I can combine elements from this theme (Xenia) with a previously purchased theme (Sardonyx). More specifically, I would like to use the banner and the slider from the main page of Xenia. Before I purchase, I just want to know if there are going to be significant .js or style sheet conflicts.
If you could help me accomplish this, I will compensate you for your time.
Hello. I'll help you with remade slider from Xenia. Don't worry, write only in email
I'm having trouble setting up my contact form.
I keep getting the error:
Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/novoht9v/public_html/assets/php/config.class.php on line 56 An error occurer and the message can't be sent!
This is the line the error is referring to:
--> $this->Config->Address = array();
$this->Config->Cc = array();
The website is: novo-hotels.com
The help would be awesome.
Hello. Sorry for long delay. Where you get this error?
Hey.The messages are being sent but I'm still getting the same error on: http://novo-hotels.com/assets/php/send.php
Website page is: http://novo-hotels.com/contacts.html
You delete contacts.js from contacts.html.
Connect this script http://take.ms/4zPdJ
Some function are not working like sticky menu etc. at www.mydomain.com/xenia/index.html although its full work at www.mydomain.com/index.html
Please advise, how we run in sub-folder for developing purpose.
Hello. The first time I get this kind of question. Try change chmod in server for this sub-folder


text:
Originally published Sunday, June 15, 2014 at 8:11 AM
'The Stories of Jane Gardam': 28 jewels of short fiction
"The Stories of Jane Gardam" collects 28 stories by English author Gardam, who is known for her novels but writes excellent short stories with deftness, incisiveness and compassion.
Special to The Seattle Times
'The Stories of Jane Gardam'
by Jane Gardam
Europa Editions, 336 pp., $24.95
There must be something in the air, or the water, or just the literary DNA of England, that breeds great writers of great longevity.
One of them is the prolific Jane Gardam, still writing now in her mid-80s, a two-time Whitbread Prize winner recently acclaimed for her 15th novel, "Last Friends" — part of her witty, absorbing series chronicling the life of international lawyer Sir Edward Feathers, nicknamed Old Filth (as in, "Failed in London Try Hong Kong").
What her growing legion of American fans may not know is that Gardam is also an excellent short story author. A new collection of her short fiction offers 28 condensed works of a writer who has clearly mastered that alchemical craft.
Written between 1977 and 2007, the tales in "The Stories of Jane Gardam" range in locale from throughout England, to Geneva, Malta and Hong Kong. The British protagonists are wealthy and down at the heels, young and elderly, accomplished and obscure. And each of their portraits is rendered with a deftness and incisiveness, a scrupulousness and compassion, that swiftly draws one in — then surprises.
In "Lunch with Ruth Sykes," a woman who has always found her doctor daughter alien and remote clumsily but lovingly tries to salvage her child's breaking heart. In "Swan," a prep-school kid reluctantly volunteers to befriend a mute Chinese boy, and is enriched by their odd encounters in unexpected ways.
"The Sidmouth Letters" is another miniature marvel. The complicated relationship between a male literary lion and a former pupil he appropriated research from takes a new twist when she is dispatched to purchase some letters on his behalf — allegedly, some newly unearthed correspondence between Jane Austen and a would-be lover. That these letters are in the possession of a quirky family in the village where she grew up gives the story the kind of bracing humor and quietly revelatory turnabout that Gardam employs often.
Like Katherine Mansfield (to whom she is often favorably compared), and other masters of the short form, Gardam can distill an entire life (and era) into a compact container. Though unsentimental, she drills beyond the contained English temperament to tap depths of feeling. In a tale like "Unknown Child," in which a couple vacations in Italy after the wife has miscarried, she explores subtle colorations of love.
Numerous stories gaze unblinkingly at death (of individuals, and of a generation defined by World War II and the last gasps of empire), and most deliver that sharp stroke of irony which triggers epiphany.
In "The Easter Lilies," a woman dies with a load of much-desired blossoms in her arms. In "Groundlings," a passionate theatergoer perishes as she lived.
But in the telling details there is also humor. And Gardam can charm with playfulness too. She can transform an unrequited suitor into a bicycle, and subvert a mermaid fairy tale with a switched-up ending. Life may be as expected in the humanity of these deeply engaging stories. And yet, somehow, anything is possible.
Misha Berson is the theater critic for The Seattle Times.
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- Dr. Oz's facts: 4 out of 10 aren't true
- I-405 misery: 2 megaprojects could tackle chronic delays
- Cardinals offer no excuses for blowout loss at home to Seahawks
- Seahawks smother Arizona on way to control of NFC West


text:
mannitolLine breaks: man|ni¦tol
Pronunciation: /ˈmanɪtɒl /
Definition of mannitol in English:
noun[mass noun] Chemistry
A colourless sweet-tasting crystalline alcohol which is found in many plants and is used in various foods and medical products.
- Chemical formula: CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH
Example sentences
- The most common sugar alcohols are sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol and xylitol.
- Many diabetic patients replace sugary foods with dietetic foods that contain sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol.
- Sugar alcohols, including xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol and maltitol, do not promote tooth decay or sudden spikes in blood sugar.
Definition of mannitol in:
- US English dictionary
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Word of the day resilient
Pronunciation: rɪˈzɪlɪənt
able to recoil or spring back into shape…


text: There's a technological revolution going on; innovation is at an all-time high; and we've seen it all before. While many of the devices we've seen this week are new and even exciting, the unending hymn of hyperbole that echoes through the halls of the LVCC is an old standard. For months leading up


text:
James Russell Wallace once said in substance that the twentieth century added to human knowledge more than all its predecessors, but had done less than any other to make its knowledge available for human needs.
As the mother of the sciences and the chief instrument for the subordination of physical evil, this charge was laid chiefly at the door of medicine. It cannot be doubted that the charge was valid when Wallace made it, and probably today it remains virtually unanswered. There is, however, an obvious reason for this situation. The nineteenth century witnessed the gathering of practically all of the intimate and effective knowledge of physics and biology. During the period of the accumulation of this vast knowledge, it could hardly be expected that its practical application could keep pace with the rapid growth in so many directions. The great dilemma in medical activities today is the difficulty of
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Fairfield Inn & Suites Manassas
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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Eczema Guidance That may Maintain Skin tone Seekin
... moisturizers to aid stop the dryness as well as scratching. Any lotion isn't going to bring about hydration. Precisely what moisturizers carry out are generally in order to seal in the person's very own wetness as well as human body oils. This specific ceases the epidermis through getting destroyed or maybe crumbled in the foreseeable future.
Keep toenails clipped as well as tidy. Damaging can certainly severely mess with eczema. This ...
Manassas battlefield walk
... the site is on top of a hill and it was freezing and so not all the details were retained. Blame the weather not age .... Effectively the battle was the turning point for the fight for Richmond and was the scene of the first calling of General Jackson as Stonewall Jackson, due to his stubborn determination not to back down in adversity. So endeth the ...
White House and the Big Pointy Thing
... apparently our trains final destination is on the other side of Washington so we didn't realise what we where listening for. We line up again and make it on in plenty of time and are able to get seats together. The train is much roomier than the planes and the seats are wide and comfy, it was a really smooth enjoyable ride for my first proper train trip. Our hotel has a shuttle bus, fantastic it will pick us up from the train station so when it arrived on we ...
Back to the USA
... country and I don't have any bills smaller than this!" He must've been like "This B is cheap!" haha.
Anyways, my brother and Angela showed up 10 minutes later and we were off. As I waited for them, I was checking my Facebook and spied that there was traffic on 66 West (shocker), so to try and avoid that horror, we stopped for dinner and then made our way back to VA afterwards. What did I have as my welcome home to the USA ...
When I was 15
... out there, feel free to correct me. Also, one last funny thing to mention. Many of my "nieces" and "nephews" have children of their own now so in most Filipino circles, because my cousins are now grandparents, I too could be considered a grandparent and receive the title of "Lola." That whole thing kind of freaks me out (because honestly, who wants to be a Lola at 30 years old), so with the help of my neice Marnie, we have ...


text:
**Urgent Need** Experienced Merchandisers up to $11.50/hr
We are looking for several Experienced Reset Merchandisers to complete our Reset Projects in multiple Retail Grocery stores
Sebring FL 33870 8 11/17/2014 5:00 AM
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SPAR Business Services, Inc. is looking for experienced store remodel merchandisers!
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As an Independent Contractor with SPAR Business Services, Inc. you will assist in full store resets which will include category resets, moving/setting up gondolas, ...
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One-Man Star Wars Trilogy: Sci-Fi Classic Staged by a Single Actor
* Additional fees apply.
The last date listed for One-Man Star Wars Trilogy was Sunday July 17, 2011 / 2:00pm.
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Broadway San Jose: 3-Show Package for Hit Shows
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Be ready for a less light-hearted show.The Flying Karamazov Brothers info • Feb 18 2013 star this tip starred
There are many fine foods available around the Rep.The Flying Karamazov Brothers info • Feb 18 2013 star this tip starred
Reviews & Ratings
Featured review from Bridget
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This was hilarious if you were familiar with the movies. Even if not, he was still pretty funny. He is very talented and the sound effects were amazingly realistic.
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If you love Star Wars, you will enjoy this very talented guy review the movies for you in a very fast-paced and generally hilarious one-man show. With no props at all (except for some good lighting design), he recreates most of the major scenes,...continued
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This is a must see for any Star Wars fan! Blew me and my girlfriend away when we saw it! Our faces hurt from smiling and laughing so hard. Anyone who is interested I would recommend not watching too many online videos of the performance because...continued
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Comedian acts out original trilogy episodes from Star Wars series through physical comedy, sounds and storytelling.
Quotes & Highlights
"Funnier than you could possibly imagine." —Spin


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West Pharmaceutical has received CE mark approval to market its Intradermal Adapter in Europe. The device is used with 1-milliliter disposable syringes to allow for more consistent, easier and safer intradermal injections. Cleared by the FDA a year ago, the device is particularly helpful in conducting Mantoux tests for allergy and tuberculosis screening.
View Full Article in:MedGadget.com
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Originally published Saturday, November 12, 2011 at 4:01 PM
Is a one-piece or a two-piece toilet a better buy?
Ed the Plumber: Toilet-style choice a matter of price and preference.
Q: My husband and I are looking into getting rid of an old toilet that came with our house. My husband will be installing the new toilet, and he's a good handyman. But we have a question: Should we go with a one-piece or a two-piece toilet? Is one better than the other, and what should we consider when choosing? Thanks in advance!
— Cindy, New Jersey
A: It's a good move to get rid of your older water-guzzling toilet. Today's new high-efficiency toilets can flush with more power, and reduce toilet-water consumption up to 20 percent over pre-1990 toilets.
But let's get back to your question. As long as both toilets are made from the same company, the performance and water-savings difference between one-piece and two-piece toilets should be about the same.
So, why should you go with one or the other? Well, basically, it gets down to budget, family use and installation.
Here's a quick breakdown:
• Budget: Two-piece toilets usually mean less money, because one-piece toilets can cost more to manufacture.
• Family use: In houses with children, a one-piece toilet is easier to keep clean for the simple reason that there's no space between the tank and bowl.
• Installation: If you're working alone, a two-piece toilet can be easier to install, since the toilet is in two smaller components, which are easier to move than one large unit.
Those are the main issues to consider.
Master contractor/plumber Ed Del Grande, an LEED green associate, is known internationally as the author of the book "Ed Del Grande's House Call" and for hosting TV shows on Scripps Networks and HGTVPro.com. For information visit eddelgrande.com or write firstname.lastname@example.com. Always consult local contractors and codes.
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The London Conchord Ensemble at Champs Hill – the rehearsal and in the gardens
Pictures of the Concert Hall at Champs Hill and the gardens that surround it
The London Conchord Ensemble performs Britten's Temporal Variations at Champs Hill
Emily Pailthorpe (oboe) and Julian Milford (piano)
Emily Pailthorpe oboist of the London Conchord Ensemble at Champs Hill
Emily performs Britten's Temporal Variations.
Balance check, Champs Hill
Members of the London Conchord Ensemble and our delightful host David Bowerman.
The London Conchord Ensemble plays Brahms' Clarinet Trio Op.114 at Champs Hill
Maximilliano Martin (clarinet), Julian Milford (piano) and Thomas Carroll (cello)
The London Conchord Ensemble play Weber's Flute Trio in G Minor Op.63 at Champs Hill
Daniel Pailthorpe (flute), Julian Milford (piano) and Thomas Carroll (cello)
London Conchord Ensemble - rehearse Mozart's rarely performed Kegelstatt Trio K498 at Champs Hill
Rachel Roberts (violin), Julian Milford (piano) and Maximilliano Martin (clarinet)
Champs Hill - A Toadstool
Fairyland in the gardens!
Cyclamen - Champs Hill
A sprinkling of cyclamen encircles a silver birch.
Heather everywhere - Champs Hill
The garden is especially famous for its heather. Here's Erica Erigenia Coccinea.
In the garden at Champs Hill
A view onto the Downs.
This gallery is from
Radio 3 Live in Concert London Conchord Ensemble - Brahms, Mozart, Weber, Britten
Live from Sussex, the London Conchord Ensemble perform Brahms, Mozart, Weber and Britten.
First broadcast: 06 Oct 2013


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Looking for parents of my Lyddia / Lydia Perry Rushing b May 1797
She married 1814 in present day Cannon Co, TN to John Graham b NC 1792.
She may be the same Lyddia found in Anson Co, 5/1/1799 about her 2nd birthday receiving slave boy Willis by William Rushing and wit was Richard Rushing, same as brother of Abraham Sr b 1739. I think this William was g/father & wife possibly was Elizabeth Lowry a slave from her dowry. (per Ira Rushing)
Checking Slave owners in 1800 Anson Co, only Elijah Rushing had 2 slaves of Rushing families in the census, and think Elijah married Sarah Lowry. This lead me to believe Lydia was likely dau of Elijah, ? a brother of Richard s/o William?
Lydia may also have had a brother Elijah.
The only family of Rushing I find who settled in Cannon Co, / Bedford Co TN was Abraham Jr b 1772-1848 and Celia found at Beech Grove TN (then Noah) as members of the Garson Fork Baptist Church of same village, and in 1810 their son Rev John R Rushing & Sarah Keele were members.
For Lydia to be daughter of Abraham Sr, he would have been 58 yrs old and based upon your research Peter b 1785 was last known child born. If dau of Abraham Jr., she could be the unknown child given after Joel Rushing b 1796 as abt 1800-1850? . My Lydia died a widow 1883 Lawrence Co, AL.
Her only connection to another Rushing appears to be Major Bryant Harrell Rushing of Jasper Co, GA/ who in 7/24/1818 co signed with Lydia & John a deed to property in Anson Co, to Wm Morris, land of Matthew & Eliz (desc) who appears to be the parents or g/parents of Bryant who may also be a brother? to a Joel as his line claims.
You seem to have a well defined tree of the Rushing and Meadors and have you any clues where Lyddia belongs. Her Obit gave her name spelling as Lyddia too and pronounced by family as "Ladio" from John's Scottish usage.
Also do you know if a Meador married a Graham, sister of an Archibald Graham Sr of Lincoln Co, NC/ d 1802 Cleveland Co. NC? Someone has connected them to the Meadors by intermarriage.
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I was invited to this party by an old (18 year-old!) friend and I couldn't be happier. And as a man with the plan I head out there a few hours early, never forgetting my trusty video camera. I catch her before and after her shower and while she check...
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Two absolutely smokin' chicks were layin' out, tanning on the beach, fucking topless! Kept my distance for a while but they were just too hot. Introduced my horny self and it turns out we all had the same idea. Did the deed with both of them right th...
My best friend's sister was lying out tanning in her yard, naked! And Dammit, she's gorgeous! I filmed what I could and then came up with some stupid reason to knock on her door. I've got the feeling though that she had the hots for me. Cause she kin...
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Okay, so the story I gave the chick was that my friends were playing a prank on me and left the camera in the girls locker room. Anyways, she was more twisted then I thought and she decided to drop my pants down. You'd do the same if you were me and ...
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Being friends with Danni has it's benefits. For one, if you catch her masturbating, well, its easy to say what you'll get. Some good long hard loving lol! I swear this girl is beyond the best.
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I was at home chillin' when I hear my roommate's sister get out of the shower. She's literally the hottest thing I've ever seen (or will ever see) in my life! Huge fuckin' tits, a nice little booty, a knockout! So I decide to film her and she catches...
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I was hired to spy on this chick for this guy.. anyway long story short I caught her in the act and then I figured adding to it by getting some for my self with a little of the old black male. Damn this chick was hot, and totally worth it.
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I spotted this piece of ass in the park while scouting for fitness models for a competition. She was all more than willing to bring me back to her place to show off her hot, petite body. Within no time, she showed me she had what it takes to be on to...
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Check out this natural busty babe riding a big hard cock in the garden of her house.
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I hid a camera to spy on my roommate but things got out of hand and we ended up fucking like crazy. Did I mention she has a boyfriend? I'll make sure to send him the tape!
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I was out creepin' with my camera when I spotted my fine friend Amber. Followed that hottie for a bit, then went to go see what she was up to. Babe wanted a massage, so I gave to her good, at first she didn't even know I left da camera on!! Lap this ...
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Chances are we both have many similar interests: food, wine, knowledge, and travel, and many compatible experiences. Maybe not...Life keeps changing and I'm looking for good connections. I'm happy to meet and just enjoy a good chat and delicious cup of coffee. I have lots of stories and will be pleased to listen to your adventures.
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34 • New York, NY • Man
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Traveling, cooking, drinking outrageously rare wine, and, oh yeah, working a pretty sweet finance gig to keep it going.
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Traveling lite, not getting sick when abroad, and entertaining myself.
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I have unusual pale brown / hazel eyes. I like to say silly things and laugh a lot.
The six things I could never do without
Think outside the box. Sometimes the little things can say a lot.
I have read many people who describe this as a first world problem and I guess I kind of agree. I am ok without pretty much every material possession. I hate being bored, so interesting people and experiences.
I spend a lot of time thinking about
Global warming, lunch, or your next vacation… it's all fair game.
Entrepreneurial activities and planning a trip to Antarctica, of course, some dry suit diving and ice climbing will be included. Also, bike trips and I spend a serious amount of time cooking and drinking wine.
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Everyday Miracles Happening to Everyday People
Have you ever been thankful for an unanswered prayer, a broken road, or the loss of a dream? This Thanksgiving episode is about times when life throws us a curve, a setback, a shock, and a darkness that leads to a new dawn. Gratitude can come unexpectedly when we realize that we are thankful for the times in our lives when we have suffered. Episode 2 includes special guests and warm conversation to prepare you for the holiday season ahead.
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Review Summary
Tommy Bahama® Flying Fishbone Pleated Pants
$33.49 Original Price $135.00
Savings: $101.51 (75%)
- Double-pleated front
- Quarter-top pockets
- Silk, cotton
- Machine washable
- Imported
Shipping your purchase is easy on belk.com. Depending on the destination of your package, you can expect it to arrive within 4-7 business days. Shipping Information
Returns are easy on belk.com. Easy returns


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About us
Slaughter lines
Information request
Currently in stock
Cattle lines
Pig lines
Poultry lines
Sheep lines
Current location:
Welcome to the website of VDZ Trading
We sell used and new slaughter lines and slaughter equipment.
Via the menu on the left you can navigate through our assortment of used
slaughter lines.
Furthermore we sell a variety of
used slaughter equipment and used meat processing equipement
. These machines range from meat grinders, mincers and slicers to huge Tarzan dehairing machines.
For more information about everything please contact us via
this form
. Starting today you can also get a look at where we are located in the world!
Try it at
"Google Maps"
Because of the upcoming holidays, VDZ Trading will be closed between
December 20th
January 5th
. We will not be available by phone. If you send us an e-mail, we will do our very best to answer it as soon as possible after the 5th, but we hope we can count on your understanding if we take a little longer to respond.
We would like to wish everyone happy holidays and hope to see you all again in 2015!
In November 2012 Roel van der Zanden won the Entrepreneur of the Year award in Sint-Oedenrode. With projects all over the world, from Iraq to Surinam, the development of new equipment for more animal friendly Halal slaughtering and our unique way of working with local partners, the jury of the award decided that Roel as general director of VDZ Trading deserved the title Entrepreneur of the Year Sint-Oedenrode 2012.
VDZ Trading BV.
Handelsweg 12 :: 5492 NL :: Sint-Oedenrode :: Tel: +31 (0)413-476070 :: Fax: +31 (0)413-474838


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Written on: 08/11/2012 by m-penrhyn-m (1 review written)
Answered all my questions promptly; in fact they altered their description of the product and added extra pictures to make the item clearer for future purchasers. I ordered the item and it was delivered in a couple of days. Can throughly recommend Masters Traditional Games; will certainly be using them again. Many thanks!
As rated by real users
" Great service " Read More
" Don't use citylink " Read More
" Great service! " Read More
Written by Danmcg
" TOTALLY WORTH !!!! " Read More
" DO NOT BUY FROM THESE PEOPLE!!! " Read More
Written by sammyjayneex


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Anywhere, Anytime
TV Fanatic Works Better with Prime Instant Video
I should try not to cry. For the next ten minutes, I'm going t...
Naomi: I should try not to cry.
Addison: For the next ten minutes, I'm going to be the responsible. And you go ahead and cry. Go ahead. It's okay. You cry. I'm here.
- Characters:
- Addison Montgomery, Naomi Bennett
- Episode:
- Private Practice Season 4 Episode 22: "...To Change the Things I Can"
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- Related Quotes:
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Monica is clearly a Celtic lass, and has the wonderful potential to be a ravening she-wolf with some more advanced training.
This is a discussion on VIDEO of knife attack within 21 feet... NO WAY you can draw fast enough within the Carry & Defensive Scenarios forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; Originally Posted by CDH They wasted a lot of time sloooowwwlly bringing up their weapon to two handed Weaver while they could have gotten off ...
Monica is clearly a Celtic lass, and has the wonderful potential to be a ravening she-wolf with some more advanced training.
This video's creator and it's actors all come from what is essentially an anti-gun culture. They have been taught since childhood to have a clear aversion to using guns for ANY reason because of their inherent "evil".
Therefore, it becomes VERY clear what this video is all about: It's another attempt to "prove" that guns have no value in society AT ALL, even in the hands of "trained law enforcement professionals".
I mean, if a gunfighter can't win a knife fight, then why have guns at all?... Right? So let's just BAN them and get it over with... Right?
I intend that analysis to sound humorously paranoid, but it makes you wonder...
I can understand the confusion. The speaker on the video isn't speaking American English and hence must be from anti-gun British or Scottish lands. The problem is, the accent isn't Brit or Scot.From the looks, its a British/Scots vid, and their reactions are about what you would expect.
Check the original language that was translated into English.
It isn't Scottish or British English.Obrona przed nozem przy uzyciu pistoletu jest niemozliwa na dystansie 2 metrow. Na dystansie 4 jest trudna. Na dystansie 6 i wiecej metrow jest bardziej prawdopodobna.
Did you follow the links?
I am guessing these are Slavic, but I don't know.
Thats increible.
If you knew the BG had a knife and would maybe attempt to charge you, the key to help you survive if you are out in the open would be able to have room to manuever or back up to give yourself more time to draw and fire.
I would think that the majority of LEO's probably don't realize it could happen or either their adrenaline level is so high along with a loss of time that they get caught up in it and WHAM ! its over....
Thanx for the vid...
Would add one more item >>> with the BG's incoming momentum,would suggest that you shoot more than 1.
With the "limited"(?) capacity of my Kimber,I would shoot 3 very fast.
We train for these things, and with hand on weapon my 3 shots are finished in 1.2-1.5sec.(on a good day). I'm sure that the younger guys can improve on this. --------


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Stabler accuses Benson of purposely dragging her feet on their case in order to keep Calvin.
Lewis calls Benson and tells her that he wants her to tell the truth on the 6 o'clock news. Meanwhile, she tries to talk him into letting the girl, go but no luck.
Benson finds out that something happened to Tensley when she was a young teenager.
Benson and Barba foil a rapist's attempt at a last-minute power grab.
Police look for a missing boy who needs insulin, and soon he's seen with a criminal duo who have a history of child endangerment and pornography. Meanwhile, Benson's professional trajectory goes off course because of a personal matter.
Rollins visits Amaro in jail to tries to convince him that he has to fight these charges and not throw his career away on a dirt-bag.
SVU finds Holden's manifesto and mission statement, as well as two dead bodies.
The new Deputy Chief wants an update from Benson.
Benson is worried about the case because she realizes that the victim lied about how many Porn films shes made.
Teddy is brought into the precinct and Lindsay sees him for the first time in years..
Rollins must relive her past in order to put away her former tormentor. SVU Wednesday at 9/8c on NBC.
Benson and Stabler have a tense ?and shocking? meeting with Audrey!
Benson's therapist helps her come to terms with Lewis' death.
Sexual assaults, domestic disputes and kidnappings are often the primary focus of this crime show, which follows New York City detectives working in a specialized division within the police department.
The rape of an underage runaway leads the team to a sex trafficking ring across state lines.
Download the TV Guide app for iPhone, iPad and Android!


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Dating Coach: UCSB Shooting Could Have Been Avoided With My Services
So, this is disgusting. A dating coach is spamming all of Eliot Rodger's videos with an important message: This could have all been avoided if Rodger had used his services. Because that's the issue here, that Rodger didn't know how to pick up women. »


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Elder Scrolls Online updates outlined for '2014 and beyond'
by Steve Watts, shacknews.com, May 2, 2014 9:30AM PDT
ZeniMax Online has given a rough outline of the updates it's working on for Elder Scrolls Online, including Thieves Guild and Dark Brotherhood quests, spellcrafting, and a justice system. Read more
Walking Dead: Season Two screenshots tease episode 3
by Steve Watts, shacknews.com, May 1, 2014 1:15PM PDT
Telltale has released a new batch of screenshots for episode 3 of Walking Dead: Season Two, which means a release date is probably coming soon. Read more
Left 4 Dead: Survivors coming to Japanese arcades
by Andrew Yoon, shacknews.com, Apr 30, 2014 12:00PM PDT
Popular zombie-killing shooter Left 4 Dead is becoming an arcade in Japan. While details are scant for now, the collaboration is the second between... Read more
Skype group calls now free on Xbox One & PC
by Steve Watts, shacknews.com, Apr 29, 2014 2:00PM PDT
Microsoft has lifted the fee to use group calling on its Skype service, allowing you to group chat with up to 10 people across PC, Mac, and Xbox One. Read more
Hearthstone avoided paying 'lip service' to F2P, says Blizzard
by Steve Watts, shacknews.com, Apr 29, 2014 9:00AM PDT
Hearthstone production director Jason Chayes says the studio worked hard to make sure Hearthstone was genuinely free-to-play, with voluntary purchases instead of a monetization gate. Read more
How to transfer FTL: Advaced Edition save files between PC and iPad
by Ozzie Mejia, shacknews.com, Apr 28, 2014 4:30PM PDT
FTL: Advanced Edition is now available on PC and iPad, giving the galactic roguelike new life. Unfortunately, save files can't be accessed both platforms, but according to a bold user, it does appear that there's a way to transfer save files from one platform to the other. Read more
Diablo 3 may get another expansion, Blizzard survey hints
by Steve Watts, shacknews.com, Apr 28, 2014 11:00AM PDT
A Blizzard survey is gauging interest in another expansion to Diablo 3. Read more
The Last Tinker: City of Colors brings classic 3D platforming to PC on May 12
by Andrew Yoon, shacknews.com, Apr 28, 2014 9:00AM PDT
Remember when games like Banjo-Kazooie were pretty much all you could find at GameStop? The 3D platformer has waned in popularity since, but that... Read more
Chatty Twitch Highlights 15: Project Zomboid, Trials Fusion, and more
by Ozzie Mejia, shacknews.com, Apr 26, 2014 12:00PM PDT
Chatty wraps up the month of April by offering up some memorable Twitch highlights. This week's batch is led by Sapiens taking a look through the Steam Early Access zombie survival game, Project Zomboid, as he literally tears through dozens of the undead. That's followed up with ChiefSquattingBear practicing his missile-firing skills in Battlefield 4 and zakk bailing repeatedly in Trials Fusion. Read more
Dustforce now cleaning up on Xbox 360
by Ozzie Mejia, shacknews.com, Apr 26, 2014 11:00AM PDT
Having already removed tough stains from PC, PS3, and Vita, Dustforce is now moving on to clean up on Xbox 360. Read more


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15 Hot Holiday Toys
Reptiles, princesses and interactive robots are among the most talked about toys this holiday season. Check out the items kids are likely dreaming about as they draw up their wish lists. »
"The Voice"
Team Blake's Craig Wayne Boyd is the season 7 winner of "The Voice." Check out the best moments and greatest songs from TV's top singing competition. »
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Music stars Kendrick Lamar, Britney Spears, Kelly Clarkson, and Lil Wayne are set to release new albums in 2015. »
Stephen Collins: I Am Not a Pedophile
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Watch Jimmy Fallon and Seth Meyers bring the laughs late night on NBC. »
Obama Calls James Franco "James Flacco"
President Obama mispronounced James Franco's name as "James Flacco," causing many Twitter users to makes jokes about the name. »
2014's Top Celebrity Hookups, Breakups, Baby Booms
Check out the top celebrity hookups, breakups, and baby booms of 2014. »
For comedians, there was very little to laugh about in 2014. The year began with exciting late-night transitions for Jimmy Fallon and Seth Meyers, but soon started on a litany of loss, beginning with the... »


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Welcome to TalkBass, the Premier Bass Player Community and Information Source. We've been uniting the Low End Since 1998!
We're glad you've found us. Register a 100% Free Account to post and unlock tons of features.
learning to slap and pop, but neck is too heavy?
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"Amazing story, Wonderful book."
It is at the top of my list. I love John Bedford Lloyd. He is a wonderful reader, he speaks clearly and at the perfect pace.
It 100% made me cry. I never saw the end coming.
Everyone should read it before seeing the movie. The book is 100 times better.
"Great Story"
I would have given it 5 stars but the reader is HORRIBLE! The author is one of my new favorites.
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If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


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The PGA of America announced today a joint press conference with the PGA Tour set for Wednesday at 1 p.m.
PGA Tour Commissioner Tim Finchem and President of The PGA of America Ted Bishop will announce new cooperative initiatives.
The conference will be streamed live here on PGA.com. Return to PGA.com for full coverage starting at 1 p.m. Wednesday.


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You can finally gift apps from the App Store on iOS again
The magic of the holiday season is clearly not lost on Apple, as the company has brought back app gifting just in time to stuff some virtual stockings, 9to5Mac reports. The feature was strangely removed with the launch of iOS 6, but it's been added once again and should be live in the App Store for you as we speak.
To gift an app, simply click the action button on the top bar of any paid app in the App Store. Apps can be purchased up to 90 days in advance of the gifting date, with a handy scheduling feature to ensure your present arrives just when you want it to.
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- iOS 8.0.1 update now available (Updated -- Don't update!)