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Gas of combustion
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073 - Measuring and testing
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|Class / Patent application number
|Number of patent applications / Date published
|Air-fuel ratio
|DETECTOR FOR DETECTING SULFUR COMPONENTS - A detector for detecting sulfur components having a storage portion for storing SO
|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING AND DETECTING FAULTS IN A CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM - The disclosure provides a method, system and internal combustion engine system in which a closed-loop system having a controllable variable is monitored to detect the off-nominal behavior of the closed-loop system and raise an alarm or other alerting mechanism when fault is detected. The faults in a closed-loop system show up in such a way that the tracking error signal is impacted and this impact manifests itself as a change in the frequency components. A filter is used to isolate a band of frequency components of the tracking error signal that are more impacted than other by deviation caused by a fault to be detected. The filter can be designed to effectively amplify the section of the error tracking signal that contains the frequency components that have the major impact. In addition, the filter will also have the characteristics to attenuate the impact of other frequency components. An accumulated error signal is generated from the filtered tracking error signal, compared with a predetermined fault threshold characteristic, and a fault indication/warning/alert is provided for the closed-loop system if the accumulated error signal meets the predetermined threshold.
|GAS SENSOR CHIP AND GAS SENSOR PROVIDED THEREWITH - To provide a gas sensor chip, and a gas sensor provided therewith, capable of producing stable output characteristics over an extended period of time even when installed in a harsh environment such as a boiler smokestack carrying exhaust gasses. There is a backside structure wherein a catalyst carrier that contacts a gas to be measured is disposed on one side of a thermal conductor, a temperature sensing portion is disposed in a location that does not contact the gas to be measured, on the other side of the thermal conductor, and the temperature sensing portion measures the temperature corresponding to the temperature of the catalyst carrier through the thermal conductor, to enable the sensing of the amount of flow over an extended period of time without the temperature sensing portion being negatively affected by the gas to be measured.
|PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE PROPORTIONS OF COMPONENTS OF A FUEL MIXTURE - A procedure for determining the proportion (z) of components of a fuel mixture (
|Co2 Tracing Method for Measuring Raw Exhaust Gas Flow Rate at Exit From an Internal Combusting Engine for a Motor Vehicle and Measuring Equipment for Carrying Out Said Method - The invention relates to an CO
|METHOD FOR OPERATING AN EXHAUST GAS SENSOR AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD - A method for operating an exhaust gas sensor, which has at least two electrodes, between which a pump current flows and between which a pump voltage occurs, said sensor being operated with a nominal operating temperature and a low temperature operation being intermittently provided at said sensor, wherein the temperature of the exhaust gas sensor is less with respect to the nominal operating temperature, and a device for carrying out the method are proposed. Provision is made according to the invention for the pump voltage to be acquired and for the low temperature operation to be influenced by the pump voltage.
|EXHAUST GAS SENSOR AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING CONCENTRATIONS OF EXHAUST GAS CONSTITUENTS - An exhaust gas sensor and a method for determining concentrations of exhaust gas constituents are provided. The exhaust gas sensor includes a NO
|VIRTUAL FLEX FUEL SENSOR FOR SPARK IGNITION ENGINES USING IONIZATION SIGNAL - Alcohol concentration level of flex fuel is estimated based upon in-cylinder ionization signals. The in-cylinder ionization signals are integrated and the rotational completion point of a chosen percentage of the integration total is identified as the integration location for the operating conditions under observation. The calculated integration location correlates with alcohol concentration level of flex fuel, and the integration calculations provide a basis for a virtual flex fuel sensor that provides calculated estimates of alcohol concentration rather than direct sensing using an expensive physical flex fuel sensor.
|GAS SENSOR - A gas sensor (
|PM AMOUNT DETECTING APPARATUS - A PM amount detecting apparatus having a PM sensor installed in a sensor case into which a part of exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine allowed to flow through an exhaust gas passage is intaken. The sensor case has a structure which lowers a flow rate of the exhaust gas therein to such an extent that PM is capable of performing thermal phoresis, and a structure which generates therein such a temperature difference that PM is guided to the PM sensor in accordance with the thermal phoresis.
|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE POLLUTANTS IN EXHAUST GASES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES - A method of measuring oxygen-containing nitrogen components including nitrogen dioxide in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, wherein an exhaust gas sample is taken from a removal point
|GAS SENSOR WITH THERMAL SHOCK PROTECTION - A thermal shock protected gas sensor includes a body, a ceramic sensor element positioned in the body, and a protection tube. Thermal shock protection against liquid water impingement on the hot ceramic sensor element is provided by a sleeve of ceramic fiber woven fabric positioned between the ceramic sensor element and the protection tube, and an annular gap between the ceramic sensor element and the protection tube on at least one side of the sleeve. Alternately, thermal shock protection is provided by a porous monolithic cast ceramic layer between the ceramic sensor element and the protection tube.
|Self-Testing Combustible Gas and Hydrogen Sulfide Detection Apparatus - An automated testing apparatus for remotely performing a testing sequence to ensure that a sensor is functioning. The apparatus can include a detector, a storage container, a burst valve in fluid communication with the storage container, a testing control module in communication with the storage container and the burst valve, and a remote user interface remotely located from the detector. Preferably, the automated testing apparatus can simplify the testing procedure, increase the frequency of sensor testings, thereby notifying operations of sensor failures in a more timely fashion without the need for an operator to check the sensor locally.
|ESTIMATION OF EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE AT THE OUTPUT OF THE EGR CIRCUIT OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE - A method for estimating the temperature of exhaust gases of a combustion engine at an output of an EGR circuit fitted on the engine, based on a model that takes into account thermal energy losses of the exhaust gases at an EGR cooler or EGR circuit, the model also taking into account thermal exchange between the exhaust gases and the walls of a duct conveying the exhaust gases to the EGR cooler. A vehicle can implement such an estimation.
|Method and Configuration for Testing a Particle Filter for an Internal Combustion Engine - A particle filter for an internal combustion engine, in particular a soot particle filter, can be tested. The filter is subjected at the inlet side to a hot gas flow which is laden with particles. The particles are supplied to the hot gas flow from a particle storage container by means of a dosing device. The quantity of particles which is introduced into the hot gas flow during a predefined measurement time period is determined by weighing the particle storage container. There is also provided a configuration for carrying out the method.
|Monitoring Of Exhaust Gas Oxidation Catalysts - The present disclosure is directed at a method, system and apparatus that may include an oxidation catalyst, a first sensor positioned upstream of the oxidation catalyst, a second sensor positioned downstream of the oxidation catalyst. The first and second sensors may respond differently to the concentration of NO and NO
|PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING MANIPULATIONS AT LAMBDA PROBES - A procedure for detecting manipulations at lambda comprises the following steps; the lambda probe is excited by at least one electric excitation signal; at least one electric response signal of the probe is detected; the at least one response signal is compared to at least one default electric response signal that characterizes a not manipulated probe; the deviation of the detected at least one electric response signal from the at least one default electric response signal is used for detecting a manipulation of the probe. A device for detecting manipulations at lambda probes characterized by a switch assembly, with which the probe can be impinged with an electric excitation signal, in particular a step-wise electric excitation, preferably with a current impulse, by a evaluation switch device for evaluating a response signal, in particular the probe voltage and for comparing the excitation signal with the response signal and for assuming a manipulation in the case of a deviation of the response signal from a response signal that characterizes a not manipulated probe.
|SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING EXHAUST GAS VOLUME - A system is disclosed, including: a plurality of Bragg gratings distributed in positions transversely to the direction of flow of an exhaust gas in an exhaust gas channel of the device; an optical wave guide structure including at least one optical wave guide and in which the Bragg gratings are embodied; a heating device arranged adjacently to the Bragg gratings and through which the Bragg gratings are subjected to heat, or a cooling device arranged adjacently to the Bragg gratings, through which the Bragg gratings are subjected to cold; at least one light source for irradiating light into the optical wave guide structure; and at least one signal processing device which determines, from light backscattered from Bragg gratings in the optical wave guide structure against its original direction of diffusion, the speed of the flow of the exhaust gas.
|OXYGEN SENSOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE OXYGEN SENSOR - An oxygen sensor and a method for manufacturing the oxygen sensor are provided. The oxygen sensor includes a zirconia layer having first and second sides. The second side is opposite the first side. The oxygen sensor further includes a first electrode disposed on the first side of the zirconia layer. The oxygen sensor further includes a second electrode disposed on the second side of the zirconia layer. The oxygen sensor further includes a porous channel structure configured to route air therethrough to the first electrode while preventing hydrocarbons from flowing therethrough and contacting the first electrode, such that a signal between the first and second electrodes is indicative of an amount of oxygen in exhaust gases contacting the second electrode.
|SENSOR MONITORING METHODS AND SYSTEMS - A method of monitoring a sensor of an exhaust system is provided. The method includes evaluating humidity of air entering the exhaust system; and monitoring operation of a sensor in the exhaust system based on the humidity.
|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING POLLUTION BY POISONOUS MATERIAL FOR AIR EXHAUSTER OF VEHICLE - A system for detecting pollution by a poisonous material for an air exhauster of a vehicle may include a temperature sensor provided to the flow line of an exhaust gas and having a catalyst material that causes an exothermic reaction with a pollution material in the exhaust gas, and a controller which stores a standard temperature value of the temperature sensor and operates in such a manner that the exhaust gas may be heated under control of an engine control unit when the temperature value drops by a predetermined amount from the standard temperature value, and that the catalyst material may be determined to have deteriorated when a measured temperature value after heating may be less than the standard temperature value, so that the standard temperature value may be replaced with the measured temperature value, and to a detection method using the same.
|METHOD FOR RECOGNIZING AT LEAST ONE FEATURE OF THE FUEL IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A method recognizes at least one feature of fuel in an internal-combustion engine (
|SYSTEM AND METHOD OF GENERATING SELECTIVE CATALYST REDUCTION DOSING ESTIMATE FOR A DIESEL ENGINE - A control system for an engine having an in-cylinder pressure sensor and a selective catalytic reduction device comprises an electronic control module and an in-cylinder pressure sensor. The electronic control module has a processor and a memory. The in-cylinder pressure sensor is disposed in fluid communication with a cylinder of an engine. The incylinder pressure sensor is disposed in communication with the electronic control module. The in-cylinder pressure sensor generates an output indicative of a pressure within the cylinder of the engine. The processor of the electronic control module is programmed to generate an estimate of an amount of NOx produced during combustion, and calculate an amount of reductant required to react with the NOx to limit NOx emissions to a predetermined level.
|SENSOR ELEMENT HAVING AN INNER ANODE - A sensor element, which may be used as Lambda probe and/or inside a Lambda probe, for example, is provided for determining at least one physical property of a gas mixture in at least one gas chamber. The sensor element has at least one first electrode, at least one second electrode and at least one solid state electrolyte, which connects the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode. The at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode are situated inside the sensor element. The at least one second electrode is connected to at least one reference gas chamber via at least one discharge air channel.
|GAS SENSOR - A protector (
|Sulfur component detecting device - In an internal combustion engine, a metal or a metal compound (
|RESPONSE SENSING DEVICE OF EXHAUST GAS COMPONENT CONCENTRATION SENSOR - An actual intake air quantity at the time when the intake air quantity is changed compulsorily with an EGR valve is measured with an airflow meter. An oxygen concentration of exhaust gas after combustion in a diesel engine is estimated based on the measured actual intake air quantity and a fuel injection quantity of the diesel engine. The estimated oxygen concentration is compared with an actual oxygen concentration sensed with an A/F sensor, thereby sensing response of the A/F sensor. Even if a response time for causing a change in the intake air quantity with the EGR valve changes, the change of the response time does not affect the estimate of the oxygen concentration since the oxygen concentration is estimated based on the actual intake air quantity. Therefore, the response of the A/F sensor can be sensed with high accuracy.
|AMMONIA CONCENTRATION DETECTION SENSOR - An ammonia concentration detection sensor
|NOx SENSOR AND METHOD FOR DETECTING NOx
|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IDENTIFYING GAS SENSOR FAULTS - A method for fault identification of gas sensors exposed to a gas mixture is disclosed for gas sensors having an output that depends on concentrations of two gas species in the gas mixture. The method includes receiving output signals from two such sensors, processing the output signals in a controller that implements a model of the sensors so as to identify a fault in the first gas sensor or the second gas sensor; and providing an indication of any identified faults.
|GAS SENSOR HAVING INSULATOR ASSEMBLY FOR SUPPORTING HEATER - There is provided a gas sensor that includes a sensor element, a heater that comprises an electrode, a housing that holds the sensor element therein, an insulator assembly that surrounds a part of the heater and is constituted of a plurality of insulators, an electric terminal member that is located between the one of the plurality of the insulators and the electrode of the heater, a cover that covers the insulator assembly, a holder for holding the insulator assembly, and an elastic member that is located between the holder and the cover to generate elastic force which is applied at least to the one of the plurality of the insulators to pinch the heater between the one and another one of the plurality of the insulators via the holder so as to bring the electric terminal member into constant electric contact with the electrode of the heater.
|GAS FLOWMETER AND ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM - In a gas flowmeter in which a rod and a sensor element are formed as a single body, for preventing heat of the sensor element from flowing into a sensor probe through a substrate (rod) so as to suppress considerable power consumption, and for obtaining a necessary response speed with respect to a flow rate of gas to be measured or a change in temperature, the gas column (rod) is made of an insulating material on a center axis of the sensing probe and is formed with a conductor pattern on its surface, and the sensing probe connects the sensor element disposed in a pipe through which the gas to be measured flows and a harness terminal through the conductor on the surface of the rod, so as to measure a gas flow rate by using the sensing prove.
|METHOD FOR FUEL ANALYSIS - The invention concerns a method for the fuel analysis in an internal combustion engine, which can be operated with different fuels containing ethanol and gasoline in varying compositions, wherein the gasoline content is ascertained in the fuel. In so doing, it is possible for especially the cold starting characteristics of the internal combustion engine to be improved, because the enrichment of the fuel mixture, which is necessary to achieve this improvement, can be optimally adjusted according to the gasoline content in the fuel.
|Method and device for monitoring the combustion of fuel in a power station - A method and a device for monitoring the combustion of fuel in a power station are provided. An actual concentration distribution of a material in a combustion chamber is measured, the actual concentration distribution is evaluated, taking into consideration a combustion stochiometry, and conclusions are drawn regarding a composition of the fuel on the basis of the evaluation that has been carried out.
|Method and Device for Determining an Oxygen Storage Capacity of a Catalytic Converter of an Internal Combustion Engine and Method and Device for Determining a Dynamic Time Duration for Exhaust Probes of an Internal Combustion Engine - An exhaust as catalytic converter is laden with oxygen until it is saturated at least upstream of an exhaust as probe. A predefined first rich air/fuel ration is set in a combustion chamber of a cylinder. A first oxygen storage capacity value is determined as a function of the measurement signal of an exhaust as probe and the predefined first rich air/fuel ratio. The exhaust as catalytic converter is laden with oxygen until it is saturated. A predefined second rich air/fuel ration is set in the combustion chamber of the cylinder. A second oxygen storage capacity value is determined as a function of the measurement signal of the exhaust as probe and the predefined second rich air/fuel ration. A corrected oxygen storage capacity value is determined as a function of the first and second oxygen storage capacity values.
|METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SENSOR ELEMENT FOR GAS SENSOR - A method for manufacturing a gas sensor element includes (a) printing a wiring pattern of a conductive paste on a green sheet for an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte; (b) laminating a plurality of green sheets including the green sheet having been subjected to step (a) and integrating the plurality of green sheets; (c) cutting out a plurality of element bodies from the laminated body; (d) baking the element body cut out by step (c); (e) heating the element body having been subjected to step (d), in a reducing atmosphere; (f) driving the element body having been subjected to step (e), in an inspection-purpose gas atmosphere for a predetermined time period; and (g) inspecting electrical characteristics of the element body having been subjected to step (f). The element body having passed the inspection of step (g) is assembled as a sensor element in a gas sensor.
|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FUEL VAPOR CONTROL - A method and system for fuel vapor control in a hybrid vehicle (HEV). The HEV fuel vapor recovery system includes a fuel tank isolation valve, which is normally closed to isolate storage of refueling from storage of diurnal vapors. The method for fuel vapor control includes selectively actuating the fuel tank isolation valve during interrelated routines for refueling, fuel vapor purging, and emission system leak detection diagnostics to improve regulation of pressure and vacuum the HEV fuel vapor recovery system.
|Method and apparatus for estimating exhaust temperature of an internal combustion engine - The invention comprises a method and an article of manufacture to estimate exhaust gas temperature of an internal combustion engine during ongoing operation of the engine. This comprises determining states of a plurality of parameters of a combustion charge. A heat release of the combustion charge is estimated based thereon, and an exhaust gas temperature is estimated based upon the estimated heat release. Exemplary parameters of the combustion charge comprise engine speed, mass air flowrate, engine fueling and fuel injection timing, and, recirculated exhaust gas fraction.
|PARTICULATE MATTER SENSOR - Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate monitoring particulate matter within an exhaust gas stream. In one exemplary embodiment, a particulate matter sensor for an exhaust system of an engine is provided. The sensor includes a housing having a first end and a second end. The housing includes a sealing feature located at the first end of the housing. The housing further includes an attachment feature located between the first end and the second end of the housing. The sensor further includes a sensing rod extending from the first end of the housing. The sensing rod is configured to generate a signals based upon particulate matter flowing within the exhaust system of the engine. The sensor also includes an electrical connector extending from the second end of the housing. The electric connector is in communication with the sensing rod to transmit signals generated by the sensing rod.
|Particulate sampling system and method of reducing oversampling during transients - Testing of engine particulate matter production during a transient is made more accurate by selecting an appropriate sized opening for a test probe of the sampling system located in the exhaust line upstream from a particulate trap. By examining the pressure signature at the test probe location and utilizing that information in conjunction with a desired volumetric flow rate into the sampling system, a flow opening size for the test probe can be selected that reduces potential oversampling which may be otherwise induced due to the back pressure increases in the exhaust line caused by the presence of the particulate trap. The flow opening into the test probe of the sampling system behaves relative unrestricted when pressure differentials at the test probe location are relatively low, such as during steady state operating conditions, but restricts flow into the sampling system when pressure differentials are relatively high, such as at a pressure during a transient event.
|NOx SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A NOx sensor diagnostic device for an internal combustion engine includes a NOx sensor disposed in the exhaust passage of the engine, through which exhaust air discharged from the engine flows, and configured to detect nitrogen oxide included in the exhaust air, an air supply device for supplying air to the exhaust passage, and a sensor determination device for making the NOx sensor detect nitrogen oxide in the exhaust passage, to which air is supplied by the air supply device while the engine is stopped, and for determining that the NOx sensor is abnormal when an output value of the NOx sensor is equal to or larger than a predetermined reference value.
|Gas Sensor - A gas sensor, in particular for determining the oxygen content in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, having a housing, a sensor element having a multi-layer design which is situated in the housing, and connecting lines lead to the outside for contacting the sensor element. A contacting element of a connecting line penetrates a layer of the sensor element and part of an insulating element situated outside the sensor element. For contacting the sensor element, such a contact configuration makes it possible to directly contact the contacting element of the connecting line, which may be arranged as a contacting pin, to the printed conductor which is formed inside the sensor element.
|Thermally Insulating Ceramic Substrates for Gas Sensors - A gas sensor includes a substrate having a low thermal conductivity. Localized heating can be produced using a serpentined heater carried by the substrate. The low thermal conductivity of the substrate substantially confines the generated heat to a region local to the heater thereby reducing required power to operate the sensor. Multiple sensing elements can be deposited onto the substrate adjacent to respective heaters and relatively close together because of the thermal isolation provided by the substrate. In one embodiment, the sensor can include the ceramic substrate, the heater, catalytic material overlying the heater with a gas impermeable layer overlying, at least in part the catalytic material.
|APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING COMBUSTIBLE GAS WITHIN ATMOSPHERE TO BE DETECTED - In apparatus and method for detecting a combustible gas within an atmosphere to be detected, a calculated humidity deviation corresponding to a past gas concentration stored in a memory unit of a microcomputer is calculated on the basis of a correlation between a preset gas concentration of the combustible gas and the calculated humidity deviation, a calculated humidity of the atmosphere to be detected is corrected using the calculated humidity deviation to calculate a corrected humidity, and, when a concentration of the combustible gas is calculated on the basis of a terminal voltage, a temperature of the atmosphere to be detected, and a humidity of the atmosphere to be detected, the calculated corrected humidity is used for the humidity of the atmosphere to be detected calculated on the basis of terminal voltages across first and second heating resistors and the temperature of the detected temperature.
|MEMS emissions sensor system for a turbine engine - Aspects of the invention are directed to the use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based emissions sensors in a turbine engine system to measure one or more emissions values associated with a gas flow in the system. The emissions value can be, for example, the temperature of a gas flow and/or the amount of a particular compound, such as carbon monoxide, in the gas flow. Due to their small size, a plurality of MEMS emissions sensors can readily be incorporated at various locations in a turbine engine system. For example, the MEMS emissions sensors can be operatively positioned in an exhaust stack, downstream of the last row of blades in the turbine section, or in the leading edge of a turbine vane. The MEMS sensors can be operatively connected to a data acquisition system, which can statistically analyze the emissions values measured by the MEMS sensors.
|APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SHIELDING A SOOT SENSOR - A soot sensor, comprising: a sensing element configured to provide a signal indicative of an amount of soot detected by the sensing element, the sensing element terminating at a tip portion; a shield disposed about the sensing element, the shield comprising an elongated body having a solid side wall terminating at a distal end portion, and a single opening disposed completely across the distal end portion, the single opening having a peripheral edge defined by the distal end portion of the side wall; and an inner area defined by the shield, the area being in fluid communication with the single opening and the tip portion being completely recessed within the area at a distance from the single opening and a peripheral edge of the tip portion being at least a predetermined distance from the solid side wall, the predetermined distance preventing soot from completely blocking the single opening.
|GAS SENSOR - A gas sensor with a high temperature electrical connector is provided. The electrical connector incorporates a ceramic connector body having a pair of opposing ceramic body portions which each house a plurality of conductive terminals. The body portions are in pivoting engagement and fixed in a connector body retainer which also enables their pivoting, hinged movement. The pivoting engagement permits the ceramic body portions and terminals to hinge open to receive a gas sensor with a low insertion force and a hinge closed to provide the desired contact force.
|Emission Control with a Particulate Matter Sensor - A method for controlling a particulate matter sensor heater is provided. The method includes operating the heater to burn-off soot accumulated on the sensor; and adjusting the heater level based on sensor output generated during the heater operation. In this say, improved heater control can be achieved using the sensor output already available.
|SENSOR - A sensor including: a sensor element; terminal metal fittings; a terminal surrounding member; and lead wires. The terminal surrounding member is divided into a front side surrounding member and a rear side surrounding member, and a rear end face of the front side surrounding member abuts a front end face of the rear side surrounding member. The sensor includes a fitting structure including a recess portion formed on one of the rear and front end faces and a protruding portion formed on the other, such that one of the front side surrounding member and the rear side surrounding member is prevented from rotating relative to the other about an axis of the sensor, and is prevented from deviating in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the sensor relative to the other.
|Method And System For Predicting Gas Turbine Emissions Utilizing Meteorological Data - A method and system for determining gas turbine emissions utilizing meteorological data is provided. The method and system may include at least one emissions prediction system. The method and system may also predict at least one meteorological condition. The method and system may also determine an emissions allowance.
|Sensor assembly having a flow head - A flow head for a gas sensor having a sensing element is provided. The flow head includes a body at least partially defining a cavity in thermal communication with the sensing element. The body includes an inlet port located within an annular surface of the body and an outlet port located within the annular surface of the body. The body also includes an inlet passage offset from and parallel to the cavity, wherein the inlet passage configures the inlet port and the cavity to be in fluid communication with one another. The body further includes an outlet passage offset from and parallel to the cavity, wherein the outlet passage configures the outlet port and the cavity to be in fluid communication with one another.
|IMPERFECT COMBUSTION DETECTING DEVICE - An imperfect combustion detecting device includes a destructive current supplying means which supplies, under a condition that it is determined by a useful life determining means that a deterioration status corresponding value matches a use limit value, destructive current to a sensor in order to melt down a part of a circuit that configures the sensor. When it is determined that the sensor is no longer capable of performing a normal CO level detecting function, the sensor is destroyed to the extent rendering the CO level detecting function of the sensor lost to an unrecoverable level.
|Flow Sensors Having a Flow Duct in the Cover, and Sensor Tip as Intermediate Product - For mass production of anemometers for EGR systems with hot exhaust gas streams having temperatures up to 200° C. or 300° C., conductors and film resistors are placed onto a bed, and are covered on this bed, e.g. A sensor tip of the flow sensor of the anemometer is made of inorganic materials up to the housing cover. A cable is led into a housing and self-supporting electrical conductors are led through the housing cover. In the housing, leads of the cable are connected to the self-supporting electrical conductors. Using bed profiles passing through the cover, the film resistors are spaced from the housing sufficiently far that the film resistors and the housing are largely thermally decoupled. As an intermediate product, a measurement tip or a sensor bar as part of a sensor tip is made of purely inorganic components, in order to make the mass production efficient.
|SENSOR ELEMENT FOR DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION OF AN OXIDIZABLE GAS COMPONENT IN A MEASURING GAS - A sensor element is provided for a gas sensor for determining the concentration of an oxidizable gas component, especially ammonia, in a measuring gas, in particular in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the sensor element having at least one measuring electrode acted upon by the measuring gas. To eliminate the sensitivity of the sensor element with respect to nitrogen oxides, measuring-gas volumes acting on the measuring electrode are routed through a means for absorbing nitrogen oxides in the form of a regenerative nitrogen-oxide trap.
|HYDROGEN SENSOR ASSEMBLY - A hydrogen sensor assembly is disclosed. The hydrogen sensor assembly includes a sensing element within a sensor housing. The sensor housing includes an opening to facilitate a fluid communication between the sensing element and an exhaust stream of a fuel cell. A substantially water-vapor-impermeable membrane is disposed within the opening between the sensing element and the exhaust stream to militate against water vapor from the exhaust stream entering the sensor housing. The sensor housing may include a second opening to facilitate a fluid communication between the sensing element and an external environment to evacuate water vapor generated by the sensing element.
|DEVICE FOR QUANTIFYING THE CONTENTS OF AT LEAST ONE GASEOUS CONSTITUENT CONTAINED IN A GASEOUS SAMPLE FROM A FLUID, RELATED ASSEMBLY AND PROCESS - This device comprises a means (
|CATALYTIC COMBUSTION TYPE GAS SENSOR, SENSING ELEMENT AND COMPENSATING ELEMENT FOR THE SAME - A sensing element for catalytic combustion type gas sensor includes: a heat conducting layer (
|Emissions Monitoring Apparatus, System, and Method - Some embodiments of the invention generally relate to an apparatus configured to monitor emissions. The apparatus includes a sampling chamber, a gas analyzer, and a particulate matter analyzer. The sampling chamber is configured to receive a portion of an exhaust flow from an exhaust stack. The portion of the exhaust flow comprises one or more gases and particulate matter. The gas analyzer is configured to receive the portion of the exhaust flow to measure at least one emission level of the one or more gases using a laser and output a signal indicative thereof. The particulate matter analyzer is operatively connected to the sampling chamber and is configured to measure the particulate matter using optics and output a signal indicative thereof.
|GAS SENSOR MOUNTING STRUCTURE - A gas sensor mounting structure (
|Fuel Quality Evaluation Apparatus, Fuel Quality Evaluation Method and Recording Medium - A fuel quality evaluation apparatus and evaluation method enable a reliable evaluation at a low cost. The apparatus includes a combustion chamber which causes an injected fuel to combust, temperature control means which adjusts an interior temperature of the combustion chamber before injection, injection control means which controls the injection, light intensity measurement means which measures flame combustion light intensity, and analysis means which analyzes the measurement result and evaluates a fuel quality. The analysis means causes the fuel to combust a plurality of times, identifies a transformation of a flame light intensity, and evaluates the quality of the fuel based on a variation in the light intensity transformations for each combustion.
|GAS SENSOR - A gas sensor has a sensor element, a housing, an atmosphere-side cover, lead wirings, an elastic member, and a filter assembly. The elastic member has a vertical-hole and lead-wiring holes. The vertical-hole penetrates the elastic member in an axial direction of the gas sensor. The lead wirings are disposed in the lead-wiring holes. The filter assembly composed of a support member and an air filter is fitted to the vertical-hole of the elastic member. The air filter covers at least an end-side opening part and an outer periphery surface connected to the opening part of the support member. The atmosphere-side cover has fastening parts fastening the elastic member. A part of the air filter covering the outer periphery surface of the support member is fastened between the elastic member and the support member. A part of the air filter is disposed at the inside of the support member.
|EXHAUST GAS SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE - In a transient state caused by fuel cut, a normal output of an A/F sensor having normal response and a lowered output having response lowered by a predetermined value as compared to the normal output are estimated, and an actual output of the A/F sensor is sensed. S
|Preventing Soot Underestimation in Diesel Particulate Filters by Determining the Restriction Sensitivity of Soot - A method of determining a need to perform regeneration of a diesel particulate filter in a diesel engine exhaust predicts a soot load of a diesel particulate filter with a pressure change based soot load estimate based upon a pressure change across the diesel particulate filter at a first time and a second time. A restriction sensitivity for the diesel particulate filter is calculated based upon the pressure change across the diesel particulate filter at the first time and the second time. The method transitions from the pressure change based soot load estimate to a model based soot accumulation estimate of the soot load of the diesel particulate filter upon the restriction sensitivity falling below a predetermined threshold. Regeneration of the diesel particulate filter is requested after the estimated soot level reaches a preset level based upon the soot accumulation model.
|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING OR MONITORING FIRING SYSTEMS AND FOR MONITORING BUILDINGS HAVING GAS BURNERS - A method for controlling or monitoring firing systems and for monitoring buildings having gas burners using spectroscopy, provides at least one wavelength-tunable monochromatic light source. An absorption spectrum of a measuring gas is received with at least one photodetector in an absorption path with spectral tuning of the light source, and the concentration of target gases carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) can be determined simultaneously during tuning of the light source. A device for carrying out the method includes a monochromatic laser diode, in particular a VCSEL, an absorption path in the exhaust gas region or a space endangered by leakage, a photodetector for receiving light passed through the absorption path, and an evaluation unit for determining the concentration of target gases based on the absorption spectrum covered during the laser or laser diode tuning. The method and device are applied in laser-optical gas sensors in gas firing systems.
|Condensation nucleus counter - A reservoir (
|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE EMISSIONS OF ENGINES - The invention relates to a method and a device for determining specific emissions as an exhaust gas characteristic of an internal combustion engine. Said method is characterised in that the exhaust gas mass flow (
|METHOD FOR DETERMINING A GAS CONCENTRATION IN A MEASURING GAS BY MEANS OF A GAS SENSOR - The invention relates to a method for determining a gas concentration in a measuring gas by means of a gas sensor. In a first mode of operation of an internal combustion engine, in which the gas concentration in the measuring gas is known, a gas concentration signal and a pressure signal are detected. A compensation parameter of the gas sensor is determined from said signals. The thus determined compensation parameter is taken into account in at least one of the two modes of operation of the internal combustion engine for determining the gas concentration.
|DEVICE FOR OPERATING A PARTICLE SENSOR - The invention relates to a device for operating a particle sensor in the exhaust gas duct of an internal combustion engine, the particle sensor comprising an interdigital electrode for determining the particles contained in the exhaust gas and a heater for regenerating said particle sensor and an engine management system being associated with the internal combustion engine. Provision is thereby made for a probe control unit to be connected to said particle sensor, for the probe control unit to be disposed in a separate assembly between said particle sensor and the engine management system and for said probe control unit to be connected to said engine management system via a digital bus or an analog interface. The invention relates further to a corresponding method. Device and method allow for the autonomous operation of a particle sensor without the engine management system having to be configured for the operation of said particle sensor.
|GAS SENSOR - A gas sensor (
|GAS SENSOR - A gas sensor comprises a gas sensing element, a storage medium to store individual information prepared individually for the sensing element for use in control of the sensing element, and a circuit board supporting the storage medium mounted on the circuit board. A seal portion of a resin covers the circuit board liquid-tightly. An output base includes a mount surface facing to the circuit board. A terminal portion extending through the mount surface is connected with the circuit board and arranged to deliver the individual information through the circuit board. The output base further includes a support projection projecting from the mount surface and including a support surface supporting the circuit board.
|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ESTIMATING AN EMISSION OF AT LEAST ONE EXHAUST GAS COMPONENT - An exhaust-gas sensor signal (vls_down) of an exhaust-gas sensor that is disposed in an exhaust gas train downstream of at least one first catalytic converter volume (V
|Hydrogen gas sensor - The hydrogen gas sensor is a catalytic combustion hydrogen gas sensor with a detection element
|Soot Generation Amount Estimation Apparatus For Internal Combustion Engine - A soot generation amount estimation apparatus obtains a generation speed of a precursor of soot (accordingly, the concentration of the precursor) in consideration of formation of the precursor from fuel, thermal decomposition of the formed precursor, and formation of soot from the formed precursor, and estimates a generation speed of soot (accordingly, the concentration of soot (the generation amount of soot)) in consideration of formation of soot from the precursor, which depends on the concentration of the precursor, and oxidation of the formed soot. The apparatus employs a reaction model in which the reaction process in which soot is generated from fuel is divided into two steps; i.e., a reaction process in which a precursor is generated from fuel and a reaction process in which soot is generated from the precursor. Thus, phenomena, such as a "delay in soot generation" in the reaction process in which soot is generated from fuel, can be accurately simulated.
|EXHAUST GAS SENSOR - A method of manufacturing an exhaust gas sensor allows the manufacturer to selectively control the air-voltage range of the manufactured sensor between a first air-voltage range and a second air-voltage range. The sensor includes a signal wire and a ground wire. The method includes using a high nickel alloy for both of the signal wire and the ground wire to manufacture a sensor in the first air-voltage range, and using a high nickel alloy for only one of the signal wire and the ground wire to manufacture a sensor in the second air-voltage range. The air-voltage ranges are those associated with a lean-application normalized air/fuel ratio of λ>1.
|COMBUSTIBLE GAS SENSORS INCLUDING INTEGRAL SUPPORT STRUCTURES AND COMBUSTIBLE GAS SENSOR WITH MULTIPLE ACTIVE ELEMENTS - A combustible gas sensor includes at least a first sensing element comprising a first conductive element having, for example, an average diameter less than 20 μm in electrical connection with electronic circuitry. The combustible gas sensor further includes a first support element having a first anchored end, a second anchored end and an extending intermediate section between the first anchored end and the second anchored end, the extending intermediate section providing support for the first conductive element. Another combustible gas sensor includes a first sensing element and a second sensing element. The first sensing element includes a first catalyst support member having a volume less than a sphere having a diameter of 500 μm. The second sensing element includes a second catalyst support member having a volume less than a sphere having a diameter of 500 μm. The combustible gas sensor further includes electronic circuitry that is adapted to cycle between a first mode in which the first sensing element is operated in a higher power mode and the second sensing element is operated in a lower power mode and a second mode in which the second sensing element is operated in a higher power mode and the first sensing element is operated in a lower power mode.
|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR STABILIZING A SENSOR - Systems and methods are provided for stabilizing an emissions instrument. The emissions instrument includes an emissions sensor. The emissions sensor may be coupled to a gyro stabilizer. The gyro stabilizer may stabilize the emissions sensor, thus resulting in a more accurate and reliable emissions instrument.
|Stack Gas Measurement Device and Method Therefor - A gas sampling device includes an analysis block defining a first portion of a chamber and a dilution block defining a second portion of the chamber. The sampling device includes an exhaust gas orifice at the first portion for withdrawing gas from the chamber in response to an applied suction, a sample gas orifice at the second portion to modify passage of a sample gas entering the chamber in response to the suction, and a dilution gas orifice at the second portion to modify passage of a dilution gas entering the chamber in response to the suction.
|PARTICULATE MATTER DETECTING DEVICE - The particulate matter detecting device of the present invention includes: a sensor element having a plate-shaped element substrate, at least one pair of measurement electrodes arranged on one end face of this element substrate, a heater electrode arranged on either of end faces or inside of the element substrate, and a plurality of lead terminals arranged on the other end face of the element substrate and electrically connected to each of the measurement electrodes and the heater electrode; and an outer sheath body having a columnar barrel portion and a barrel-portion end face arranged on one end face of the barrel portion, in which the sensor element is arranged in the barrel portion of the outer sheath body such that the pair of measurement electrodes is exposed from an open frontal area of the barrel-portion end face.
|NOx mass estimating unit and method - A NOx mass estimating unit for estimating the NOx mass output from a compression-ignition combustion engine, the engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, each cylinder comprising a combustion chamber into which fuel is injected by an associated fuel injector, said estimating unit comprising inputs for receiving data related to engine rotation and data related to in-cylinder pressure, and a processing arrangement arranged to determine a NOx mass output value in dependence on said data related to engine rotation and data related to in-cylinder pressure.
|SENSOR AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SENSOR - The present invention provides a sensor capable of maintaining an electrical connection between the lead frame and an electrode terminal section of the detection element even when an inadequate external force is applied to a lead frame and a sensor production method capable of preventing the lead frame from buckling and being deformed into an inadequate shape. The lead frame (second lead frame) can inhibit movement of a second frame main body section axially toward a rear end side through engagement of a third locking surface of a second locking section with a second locking groove and can inhibit the second frame main body section from going apart from an inner surface of an insertion hole through engagement of a fourth locking surface of the second frame locking section, which faces an element engagement section side. Namely, even when an external force is applied to the lead frame, movement of the lead frame main body section (second lead frame main body section) can be inhibited and a variation in the relative positions of the lead frame and the detection element can be prevented.
|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IDENTIFYING THE FUEL QUALITY IN A FUEL TANK OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - In a method and a device for identifying the fuel quality in a fuel tank of an internal combustion engine, a reference volume with fuel is provided, which does not intermix with the fuel in the fuel tank when the fuel tank is refilled. After startup of the internal combustion engine, fuel from the fuel tank and from the reference volume is sequentially sucked into the internal combustion engine and parameters which depend from the fuel quality of the sucked-in fuel are measured and evaluated for both the fuel tank and the reference volume. If the parameter differ from one another, it can be concluded that the fuel quality of the fuel in the fuel tank before startup of the internal combustion engine has changed. A quantity (fuel factor) can then be taken into consideration in the mixture pre-control.
|COMBUSTION GAS BLEEDING PROBE AND METHOD FOR RUNNING PROBE - Provided is a combustion gas bleeding probe, which is elongated in lifetime and improved in chlorine removing ability and so on. The combustion gas bleeding probe (
|METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING THE PERFORMANCE OF A CATALYTIC CONVERTER - The invention relates to a method for diagnosing the performance of a catalytic converter (
|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING THE PRESENCE OF COMPONENTS IN THE EXHAUST OF COMMERCIAL AND/OR HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES - A system and/or method for quantifying the presence of one or more components in vehicle exhaust, and more particularly to a non-contact, extractive sampling system and method for quantifying the presence of one or more components in exhaust emissions of commercial and/or heavy-duty vehicles that emit exhaust at an elevated level, under actual operating conditions.
|Emissions Test System And Method - An emission test system may include at least one controller configured to determine, directly or indirectly, a quantity of diluted exhaust sample in a container at the completion of an emissions test, and to cause additional diluent gas to be added to the container based on the determined quantity.
|FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR GAS SENSOR HAVING A HOUSING AND POROUS CATALYTIC MATERIAL CONTAINAED THEREIN - A gas sensor for determining gas components in gas mixtures, e.g., for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, includes a housing and a sensor element configured as a field effect transistor which has source, drain, and gate electrodes applied on a semiconductor substrate. A porous, catalytically active material is provided inside the housing of the gas sensor.
|METHOD FOR OPERATING AN EXHAUST GAS MASS FLOW SENSOR - A method for operating an exhaust gas mass flow sensor which is used, in particular, in exhaust gas mass flows of motor vehicles has an operating mode and a cleaning mode. In an operating mode, the exhaust gas mass flow sensor is operated at an operating temperature. In a cleaning mode, the exhaust gas mass flow sensor is changed over for the purpose of cleaning a measurement region and is cleaned at a cleaning temperature which is higher than the operating temperature.
|DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MEASURING EXHAUST GAS WITH CHARGED PARTICLES - The invention relates to a device used to measure exhaust gas having ionised particles in a motor vehicle. The device comprises an ionising device which includes an electrode arrangement and a charge measuring device. The electrode arrangement comprises at least one pair of electrodes including at least one electrode and at least one counter electrode. A dielectric is arranged between the electrode and the counter electrode in order to generate a dielectrically impeded discharge. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.
|SENSOR CONTROL UNIT AND GAS DETECTION APPARATUS - A sensor control circuit unit (
|EXHAUST GAS SENSOR - An exhaust gas sensor that simultaneously exhibits enhanced water soak resistance and functionality, that is multilayered and exposed to a space in an exhaust path. The exhaust gas sensor includes: an electrolyte layer, positioned between an exhaust electrode and an atmosphere electrode; an atmospheric layer formation layer formed toward the atmosphere electrode to form an atmospheric layer to which the atmosphere electrode is exposed; a porous diffusion resistance layer formed toward the exhaust electrode to control flow rate of an exhaust gas reaching the exhaust electrode; and a porous trap layer formed to cover the entire section exposed to the space in the exhaust path. The trap layer includes a first trap layer, which covers a region near a gas inlet/outlet section of the diffusion resistance layer, and a second trap layer, which covers another region that covered by the first trap layer. The first trap layer is thinner than the second trap layer.
|OPTICAL SENSING IN AN ADVERSE ENVIRONMENT - A method includes flowing gases including combustion byproducts past an exposed face of an optical element in an engine fluid conduit, and depositing debris on the exposed face of the optical element. The debris may be soot, unburned hydrocarbons, sulfates, and/or a reductant precipitate. The method further includes passing electromagnetic (EM) radiation through the optical element and the flowing gases and interrogating the EM radiation after passing through the optical element and the flowing gases to determine an amount of debris accumulated on the exposed face of the optical element. The method further includes heating a resistive wire thermally coupled to the optical element sufficiently to remove accumulated debris from the exposed face in response to the amount of debris exceeding a threshold.
|ABNORMALITY DIAGNOSIS APPARATUS FOR NOX SENSOR - An NOx catalyst of storage reduction type and an after-catalyst NOx sensor are provided in an exhaust passage in an internal combustion engine. The after-catalyst NOx sensor detects the NOx concentration on the downstream side of the NOx catalyst. The NOx concentration on the upstream side of the NOx catalyst is detected or estimated. The possible abnormality of the after-catalyst NOx sensor is determined by comparing the NOx concentration on the upstream side of the NOx catalyst detected or estimated and the NOx concentration detected by the after-catalyst NOx sensor, under the condition that the NOx catalyst does not substantially absorb NOx in exhaust gas. Abnormality diagnosis is performed with the possible impact of the NOx catalyst inhibited.
|Automatic Determination of an Emission Value for a Motor Vehicle - The invention concerns the automatic determination of an emission value for a motor vehicle. For this purpose, a system for the automatic determination of an emission value for a motor vehicle
|NOx SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE AND EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM USING THE DEVICE - A NOx sensor diagnostic device includes a NOx sensor disposed in an exhaust passage of an engine, an output value obtaining device for obtaining an output value of the NOx sensor, a spray characteristics changing device for changing spray characteristics for a specific cylinder of cylinders of the engine, and a diagnostic device for diagnosing abnormality of the NOx sensor, based on the output value of the NOx sensor that is changed as a result of the change of the spray characteristics for the specific cylinder by the spray characteristics changing device. An exhaust gas purifying system includes a NOx removal system disposed in an exhaust passage of an engine, a NOx sensor disposed in the exhaust passage at least on an upstream side of the NOx removal system in a flow direction of exhaust air flowing through the exhaust passage, and the NOx sensor diagnostic device.
|Emissions Test System And Method - An emission test system may include at least one controller configured to determine, directly or indirectly, a quantity of diluted exhaust sample in a container at the completion of an emissions test, and to cause additional diluent gas to be added to the container based on the determined quantity.
|METHOD, PARTICLE SENSOR AND PARTICLE SENSOR SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PARTICLES - A method and a particle sensor (
|SENSOR ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING GAS COMPONENTS IN GAS MIXTURES, AND USE THEREOF - A sensor element of a gas sensor for determining gas components in gas mixtures, having at least one electrochemical measuring cell which is formed by a ceramic substrate and electrodes placed thereon. The sensor element includes at least one interior chamber which is sealed in a gas-tight manner, in which at least one first internal electrode is positioned, which forms an electrochemical cell with each of a second and an additional electrode of the sensor element, one of the electrochemical cells being an electrochemical pump cell, and the second or other electrode being exposed to the measuring gas.
|GAS SENSOR - [Objective] To provide a gas sensor in which the insulation among conduction members is stably secured through stable maintenance of the insulation property of a separator provided within a sheath, whereby a normal output can be obtained from a detection element.
|GAS CONCENTRATION DETECTION APPARATUS - The present invention relates to a gas concentration detection apparatus for detecting the concentration of a specific gas component in an exhaust gas emitted from an engine, and forms a deterioration judgment about the gas concentration detection apparatus accurately and immediately. After excess oxygen is discharged by an oxygen pump cell
|Exhaust Gas Analyzer - A flue gas analyzer device which can be held in one hand and which has a probe barrel for drawing in a gas sample with a pump, a thermocouple arranged in the probe barrel, and with a housing receiving a battery-powered evaluating and measuring device. A pump chamber, a condensate chamber, a condensate separator, and the probe barrel are arranged axially one behind the other in front of a handle of the pistol-shaped housing of the analyzer device. The gas sample is drawn in from the condensate chamber via an exchangeable filter device by the pump arranged in the pump chamber and is supplied for analysis to sensors arranged in the handle via a line.
|ELECTRICAL CONNECTION SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE - An electrical connection system for a vehicle, comprising an elongated dielectric component (
|EXHAUST GAS SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM - An exhaust gas sampling and analysis system includes a main flow channel in which a flow restriction mechanism and a first suction pump are arranged; a measurement flow channel in which an exhaust gas analysis device is provided and that extends from the main flow channel at a position downstream of the flow restriction mechanism; and a compensation flow channel in which a flow rate adjustment mechanism is provided and that extends from the main flow channel at a position downstream of the point from which the measurement flow channel extends. The first suction pump further reduces the pressure of the exhaust gas. The flow rate adjustment mechanism adjusts, in order that the pressure of the exhaust gas at the point from which the measurement flow channel extends is a predetermined value, the flow rate of the compensation gas.
|APPARATUS FOR ANALYZING GAS INFORMATION - A gas information estimation apparatus (
|EXHAUST GAS ANALYZING SYSTEM AND EXHAUST GAS ANALYZING METHOD - An exhaust gas analyzing system includes, on an upstream side of an analytical instrument, an exhaust gas introduction pipe of which one end is opened to an exhaust gas flow path through which exhaust gas from an engine flows and the other end is connected to the analytical instrument. A switching mechanism selectively switches between a sampling path that samples the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas introduction pipe to introduce the sampled exhaust gas into the analytical instrument and an air introduction path that introduces air into the analytical instrument. When the engine is operated, a path to the analytical instrument is switched to the sampling path by the switching mechanism. When the engine is stopped, the path is switched to the air introduction path by the switching mechanism.
|APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR FLUID CONTAMINATION DETECTION SYSTEM - An apparatus and method for supporting a contamination detection system for determining the presence and levels of foreign particles and/or water in fluid samples, such as fuel. The apparatus may include a contamination detection system, a hollow rod, and a bypass tube. The contamination detection system may have a flush mode in which the fluid bypasses a detection monitor of the contamination detection system, flowing into the hollow rod. The contamination detection system may also have a test mode in which the fluid passes through the detection monitor, through the bypass tube and then into the hollow rod. The hollow rod may be mounted to a collection container for receiving fluid from the hollow rod. A ground wire for eliminating static build up during contamination testing may be conductively coupled with the hollow rod and may be supported on a ground wire support structure fixed to the collection container.
|METHODS, SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING MATERIAL DEFECTS IN COMBUSTORS OF COMBUSTION TURBINE ENGINES - A system for detecting defects in a combustion duct of a combustion system of a combustion turbine engine while the combustion turbine engine operates, wherein the combustion duct comprises a hot side, which is exposed to combustion gases and, opposing the hot side, a cold side. The system may include: an indicator coating disposed on an outer surface of the combustion duct, the indicator coating comprising a detectable substance; and a gas sensor positioned downstream of the combustor, the gas sensor configured to take a measurement of the amount of the detectable substance in the combustion products of the combustion turbine engine.
|Sensor assembly having a thermally insulating enclosure - A sensor assembly is discussed. The sensor assembly may include a housing. The housing may include an inlet port and an outlet port. The sensor assembly may also include a sensing element disposed within the housing and extending along a longitudinal axis from a first end towards a second end. The sensing element may include heating elements. The sensor assembly may also include a sleeve circumferentially disposed about the sensing element. The sleeve may include a first passageway on a first side of the sensing element and a second passageway on an opposite second side of the sensing element. The first passageway and the second passageway may be longitudinal passageways extending along a length of the sensing element. The sleeve may also include an inlet orifice on one side of the sleeve and an outlet orifice on an opposite side of the sleeve. The inlet orifice may fluidly couple the inlet port with the first passageway and the outlet orifice may fluidly couple the outlet port with the second passageway.
|GAS SENSOR AND GAS SENSOR UNIT - A gas sensor including a detection element having a detection portion; a metal shell that surrounds the detection element so as to expose the detection portion to a measured atmosphere; an outer tube that is fixed to the metal shell so as to cover a rear end side of the detection element; and a seal member that is contained inside the outer tube, the seal member having a lead wire insertion hole and a through hole that penetrates in the axial direction; a tubular holding member made of a resin having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the seal member, the tubular holding member being held inside the through hole, the tubular holding member having a ventilation hole; and a filter that covers the ventilation hole, the filter being joined to the holding member, the filter blocking water from passing therethrough, and the filter having air permeability.
|Sintered and bonded multilayer sensor - A gas sensor may include a sintered heating component which includes a ceramic insulating material, and a separately sintered sensing component which includes an ionically conductive material. The sensor may also include a bond attaching the sensing component to the heating component. The bond may be made of bonding material which is different from the insulating material and the ionically conductive material.
|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ANALYZING THE EXHAUST GAS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, AND EXHAUST GAS COOLER FOR THIS DEVICE - A method for analyzing the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines provides for the cooling of the exhaust gas before analysis, the determination of the concentration of at least two different exhaust gas components in at least two separate analysis stages or the determination of the concentration of a single exhaust gas component with at least two different cooling stages. In order to achieve a higher measuring accuracy, at least one first cooling is carried out before a first analysis stage and at least one second cooling is carried out at a lower temperature than that of the first cooling before at least one further analysis stage.
|AGGLOMERATION AND CHARGE LOSS SENSOR FOR MEASURING PARTICULATE MATTER - A sensor assembly to measure particulate matter is described. The sensor assembly includes a voltage source, a sensor electrode, a grounded assembly, an integration capacitor, and a current meter. The sensor electrode is coupled to the voltage source to receive a voltage. The sensor electrode is disposed within a directed and controlled exhaust flow within the sensor assembly to facilitate particle agglomeration into particulate matter structures at a surface of the sensor electrode. The grounded assembly is coupled to a ground reference and disposed at a distance from the sensor electrode. The integration capacitor is coupled to a negative side of the voltage source. The integration capacitor is configured to integrate in time current pulses from charge transfers from the sensor electrode of the particulate matter structures. The current meter is coupled to the voltage source to measure an integrated value of current supplied to the voltage source in response to charge transfers from the sensor electrode to the particulate matter structures in the exhaust flow.
|DETECTOR FOR DETECTING SULFUR COMPONENTS - The present detector for detecting sulfur components includes a storage portion for storing SOx and NOx in the exhaust gas passing through an exhaust passage, in which the more an amount of stored SOx increases, the more an amount of NOx that can be stored decreases, estimates the amount of stored SOx on the basis of an amount of NOx stored in the storage portion, and detects an integrated amount of SOx passing through the exhaust passage during a given period or an value on the basis of the integrated amount. In the present detector, the estimating of the amount of stored SOx for detecting the integrated amount of SOx or the value on the basis of the integrated amount is prohibited when a current amount of NOx that can be stored is not stored in the storage portion.
|FIRE DISTINGUISHING DEVICE - A fire distinguishing device includes: a detection device which detects an outbreak of a fire; a fire presence/absence distinguishing device which distinguishes the presence or absence of the fire; and a cumulative time determining device which determines the cumulative time required for distinguishing the presence or absence of the fire, in the fire presence/absence distinguishing device. The cumulative time determining device distinguishes an environment type of an environment where the detection device is installed, or a phenomenon type of a phenomenon being detected by the detection device, and further determines the cumulative time according to the distinguished environment type or phenomenon type.
|PARTICLE SENSOR, EXHAUST SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING PARTICLES IN THE EXHAUST GAS - A particle sensor for exhaust system is provided. In one embodiment, the particle sensor comprises a sensor element and an integrated amplifier circuit for amplifying a reference voltage for the sensor element. In this way, the particle sensor may provide increased sensitivity.
|Method And Device For Operating A Particle Sensor - A particle sensor arranged in an exhaust duct such that particles from the exhaust-gas flow accumulate on and/or between at least two sensor electrodes when a voltage greater than a limit voltage is applied between the two sensor electrodes and substantially no particles accumulate if the voltage is lower than the limit voltage. During a first time period, a first voltage greater than the limit voltage is applied between the sensor electrodes. During a second time period, a second voltage, lower than the limit voltage, is applied between the sensor electrodes, and/or the particle sensor is heated to a predefined temperature, such that substantially no particles accumulate on and/or between the at least two sensor electrodes. Following the second time period, a third voltage greater than the limit voltage is applied between the sensor electrodes.
|SENSOR - To provide a sensor characterized in that corrosion of an outer tube member by adhesion of salt water or the like is restrained, thereby preventing deterioration in detection accuracy of the sensor, which could otherwise result from penetration of salt water or the like into the interior of the outer tube member.
|Flue Gas Sensor With Water Barrier Member - An improved flue gas sensor of a combustion device is disclosed. The flue gas sensor may include a housing and a gas detector disposed within the housing, wherein the gas detector detects or measures at least one gas in a flue gas stream of the combustion device. The housing may also include a water barrier member through which the at least one gas comes into contact with the gas detector. By keeping water and water vapor away from the gas detector, premature failure of the flue gas sensor caused by corrosion may be prevented.
|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING THE PRESENCE OF COMPONENTS IN THE EXHAUST OF COMMERCIAL AND/OR HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES - A system and/or method for quantifying the presence of one or more components in vehicle exhaust, and more particularly to a non-contact, sampling system and method for quantifying the presence of one or more components in exhaust emissions of commercial and/or heavy-duty vehicles that emit exhaust at an elevated level, under actual operating conditions.
|SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DETECTING HEAD GASKET DEGRADATION - A system and method of detecting a degraded head gasket in an engine. The detection of a combustible product in the coolant of a cooling system for the engine is used to indicate a degraded head gasket. The combustible product detection is facilitated by deaerating the engine coolant in a dearating tank. Gases extracted from the coolant in the deaerating tank are sampled and detected by a combustible product sensor, which outputs a signal if the combustible product is detected.
|GAS CONCENTRATION DETECTION DEVICE - A gas concentration detection device includes: a first sensor having a resistance layer exposed to a gas, and an electrode covered by the resistance layer, the first sensor producing an output according to a gas component ratio on the electrode surface; and a second sensor having a pump cell that pumps oxygen into a gas chamber that contains part of the gas or discharges oxygen out of the gas chamber, and a sensor cell that produces an output according to a gas component ratio in the gas within the gas chamber, the second sensor producing an output based on the pump cell current when the pump cell is operated such that the output of the sensor cell is a predetermined value; and a hydrogen concentration detection unit that detects a hydrogen concentration in the gas based on an output difference between the first sensor output and the second sensor output.
|PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR PARTICULATE MATTER DETECTION DEVICE - A protective equipment
|Apparatus for Detecting a Flammable Atmosphere Within a Compressor, in Particular a Vacuum Pump - Apparatus for detecting a flammable atmosphere within a compressor during operation thereof is provided. The apparatus comprising a test chamber which is selectably connected between the compressor and an exhaust duct of the compressor using isolation means; an ignition device which is located within the test chamber for igniting any flammable fluid mixture present therein; and sensing means associated with the test chamber for monitoring a parameter indicative of combustion within the test chamber and for outputting a signal indicative of the parameter to a controller.
|Sample System For Gaseous Emission MeasurementAANM WEI; QiangAACI San AntonioAAST TXAACO USAAGP WEI; Qiang San Antonio TX US - Disclosed herein are sampling systems and sampling methods for regulating the provision of sample gases to downstream analytical equipment, such as an exhaust bench for analyzing exhaust gases emitted from an internal combustion engine. In some embodiments, the described systems and methods can enable accurate measurements to be taken from a source of gaseous samples, regardless of the gaseous sample inlet pressure.
|Method and Device for Examining an Exhaust Gas Sensor - A first voltage (V
|GAS SENSOR - A protective cover of a gas sensor includes an inner protective cover which covers at least an end portion of a sensor element, an outer protective cover which covers the inner protective cover, and an intermediate protective cover which is installed between the inner protective cover and the outer protective cover. A
|Evaluation System for Amount of Emission Gases Through Fuel Supply Chain - The object of the present invention provides an evaluation system for evaluating accurately emission amount of environmental influence substance of fuel in a fuel supply facility for supplying stored fuel to a consumer.
|Gas sensor housing for use in high temperature gas environments - An apparatus and method for packaging and operating a gas sensor for use in high temperature gas environments. A gas sensor can be configured, which includes a sensor element and a housing in which the sensor element is located. A parallel gas path can be configured form said housing, wherein said parallel gas path is based on the natural differential pressure with respect to the velocity of said gas. The parallel gas path is preferably vertical to provide a sufficient friction to soot particles compared to the gas, such that when a partial quantity of said gas reaches said sensor element, said soot particles are avoided by said sensor element.
|PARTICULATE MATTER DETECTING DEVICE - A particulate matter detecting device includes a sensor element having a measurement electrode and a heater electrode provided on one end portion of a plate-like element substrate, a cylindrical lead terminal cover member having the sensor element inserted into a penetration portion that penetrates in an axial direction thereof so that the sensor element is held inside a detecting device external cylinder, and the detecting device external cylinder. The penetration portion includes a first penetration portion having a size corresponding to that of a cross section of the sensor element, and a second penetration portion with a larger cross section perpendicular to the penetration direction than that of the first penetration portion. An electrical insulating sealant is filled in a gap between the second penetration portion and the sensor element inserted into the second penetration portion so that the sensor element and the lead terminal cover member are fixed.
|EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS SYSTEM AND EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS PROGRAM - The present invention is one that, even while cooling exhaust gas without dilution, makes it possible to accurately measure particle concentration, and provided with: a particle concentration measurement device; a sampling cooling pipe that cools the exhaust gas collected from an exhaust gas transfer pipe to a measurable temperature of the particle concentration measurement device without dilution, and introduces the cooled exhaust gas into the particle concentration measurement device; a temperature sensor that detects temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust gas inlet; and a calculation device that, from the detected temperature by the temperature sensor and the temperature of the exhaust gas introduced into the particle concentration measurement device, corrects measured particle concentration by the particle concentration measurement device in real time to calculate the particle concentration of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas transfer pipe.
|EXHAUST GAS ANALYZING DEVICE, MANAGEMENT DEVICE FOR EXHAUST GAS ANALYZING DEVICE AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR EXHAUST GAS ANALYZING DEVICE - The present invention is intended to be able to restore a setting of an exhaust gas analyzing device to an initial setting at the time of product shipment or the latest maintenance setting performed prior to the corresponding maintenance in the maintenance of the exhaust gas analyzing device. The present invention includes a setting data storage part (
|Dilution System Test Apparatus With Added Capability And Method Of Operating Same - A partial dilution exhaust sampling system has an expanded ability to simultaneously perform two different evaluations on exhaust from a power source. Beyond testing for particulate matter production, the system may simultaneously evaluate exhaust for undesirable gaseous emissions such as NOx and carbon dioxide and/or concurrently evaluate particle size and distribution in the exhaust sample. After extracting sample flow from the exhaust stream of the power source and adding diluent to the sample flow, the diluted sample flow is divided into a first portion flow and a second portion flow. Depending upon whether the additional exhaust evaluation device is in parallel with the particulate measurement gravimetric filter or in series with the filter, a dilution flow actuator and/or an exit actuator may be adjusted to account for a fraction of diluted sample flow directed to the auxiliary exhaust evaluation device.
|SORBENT TRAP CARTRIDGE FOR MERCURY EMISSIONS MONITORING - A probe for measuring mercury emissions in a flue gas. The probe contains a novel cartridge for holding one or more sorbent traps, which cartridge is easily removed and inserted on-site with reduced danger of sorbent trap damage.
|EXTRACTIVE SAMPLING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING ONE OR MORE MOLECULAR SPECIES - A non-contact, extractive sampling system and method is provided for measuring the exhaust gas composition and fine particle composition of exhaust emissions of various types of vehicles under actual operating conditions. A portion (or sample) of an exhaust plume of a vehicle is pulled or extracted through an extraction sampling tube, via a vacuum pump, to a remote trace gas detection system where the concentration of one or more constituents present in the sample of exhaust plume may be measured. In this regard, the invention enables vehicle emissions measurements to be made at a location remote from roadway, rather than using known, "cross-path" remote emissions sensing systems.
|PARTICULATE MATTER SENSOR UNIT - A particulate matter (PM) sensor unit may include an exhaust line where exhaust gas passes, and a PM sensor that may be disposed at one side of the exhaust line and that generates a signal when particulate matter included in the exhaust gas passes the vicinity thereof, wherein the PM sensor may be an electrostatic induction type that generates an induction charge while the particulate matter having an electric charge passes the vicinity thereof.
|SENSOR MOUNTING ARRANGEMENT - An arrangement for mounting at least one electrical component to a portion of an aftertreatment module, the arrangement including; at least one standoff member coupled between the electrical component and the portion of the aftertreatment module, and an enclosure substantially surrounding at least three sides of the electrical component.
|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EXHAUST CLEANING - A method and a system for estimation of a soot load in a particle filter in an exhaust cleaning system, which estimation involves using a pressure drop across said particle filter in order to determine the soot load. Measurement of the pressure drop across the particle filter and therefore the estimation have to take place at a time when an exhaust mass flow of the exhaust cleaning system exceeds a flow threshold value, the particle filter is substantially free from water and a temperature of the particle filter exceeds a first threshold value. The result is a robust estimate of the soot load in the particle filter.
|GAS STATE ESTIMATION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A time-course change (dM/dt) in the mass of air in an intake passage downstream of a throttle value is estimated through application of a mass conservation law to the air in the passage. A time-course change dTm/dt in the temperature of the air in the passage is estimated through application of an energy conservation law to the air in the passage. The pressure of the air in the passage is estimated on the basis of the mass of the air in the passage obtained through integration of dM/dt with respect to time, the intake air temperature obtained through integration of dTm/dt with respect to time, and a state equation applied to the air in the passage. Only the state equation includes a term regarding the volume of the passage. Therefore, it is possible to easily identify the volume while monitoring only a change in the intake air pressure.
|FUNCTION TEST OF FUEL CELL EXHAUST GAS STREAM HYDROGEN SENSOR BY GENERATING DEFINED HYDROGEN PULSES WHILE DRIVING AND AT REGULAR SERVICE WITH FUEL CELL SYSTEM IMMANENT DEVICES - A system and method for determining whether a hydrogen concentration sensor in the exhaust of a fuel cell system is operating properly during operation of the system. The method includes injecting hydrogen gas pulses from an injector directly into the system exhaust and analyzing a sensor response from those hydrogen injection pulses. Alternately, pulses from anode purges or bleeds can be provided to the exhaust to determine sensor response.
|METHOD FOR DETECTING ABNORMALITY IN REDUCING AGENT - Disclosed is a method for detecting abnormality in a reducing agent
|SENSOR ELEMENT OF A GAS SENSOR AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME - A sensor element of a gas sensor for determining gas components in gas mixtures includes a field effect transistor and/or a diode which has a current flow which changes upon contact with a gas to be detected, and which is positioned in a manner protected, by a protective cap, from direct access by the gas mixture. The protective cap has a heating element, a glass former, and/or an oxidation catalyst.
|PARTICULATE MATTER DETECTION SENSOR - A PM-sensor having a sensor element is provided to an exhaust pipe. The sensor element has a concaved chamber on a particulate matter detection surface of an insulating substrate body, and a detection electrode formed on a bottom surface of the chamber. An insulating protecting layer covers an upper opening of the concaved chamber. The insulating protecting layer has a plurality of penetrating holes through which only particulate matter to be detected can passes.
Patent applications in class Gas of combustion
Patent applications in all subclasses Gas of combustion


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Written on: 14/02/2012 by micheal.lloyd91 (2 reviews written)
If you are on the lookout for an advanced laptop with high-end features, Dell Inspiron 15 fits the bill perfectly. I am more than satisfied with it. It offers a slew of highend features that'll surely take you by surprise. First up, it looks chic and classy. I can't stop flaunting it to friends and others. The design is up to the mark and absolutely flawless! The laptop is compact and weighs about 2 pounds. It has 3 USB ports, a card reader and a cool LCD display.
Written on: 20/06/2012
this is a good product of the dell the features are amazing .display is cool and speed is much better
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call centerSyllabification: call cen·ter
Definition of call center in English:
An office set up to handle a large volume of telephone calls, especially for taking orders and providing customer service.
Example sentences
- In the call center, customer contact is predominantly by telephone, either inbound or outbound.
- The company will also provide a call centre and some front office services.
- More calls come into the call center where customer service representatives take product orders.
Definition of call center in:
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Word of the day tenebrous
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dark; shadowy or obscure


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Like most blockbuster summer movies, "Star Trek Into Darkness" sells escapism. But not all versions of cinematic escapism are the same.
"Star Trek Into Darkness," the second installment in director J.J. Abrams's reboot of the science-fiction series, is forecast to take in $112 million in its debut, boosted by an early start in theaters this weekend.
Paramount Pictures' "Star Trek Into Darkness," the second installment in the rebooted franchise, opened to disappointing ticket sales, squeezed by holdovers "Iron Man 3" and "The Great Gatsby."
"Star Trek Into Darkness," the second film in J.J. Abrams reboot of the venerable film franchise, was the top movie at U.S. and Canadian theaters this weekend, taking in $70.6 million for Paramount Pictures.


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I have to disagree. App World is nothing but buggy for me. Everytime I download something it locks my phone up causing a reboot. It is excruciatingly slow. It has some nice apps and everything, but it is just too painful to use sometimes. Anyone else have issues with it?
- Article | 2 days ago BlackBerry Classic Review!
- Article | 8 hours ago John Chen increases his BlackBerry turnaround odds to 99 percent
- Article | 9 hours ago Boeing and BlackBerry team up to ensure Boeing's Black phone works with BES
- Article | 11 hours ago Exterminate bugs this fun game PESTS - 500 free copies up for grabs
- Article | 13 hours ago BlackBerry cases, chargers, batteries and everything else are 20% off right now


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Do you think wearing on-body cameras on duty should be mandatory?
Law enforcement agencies will soon have access to the Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS), a voluntary emergency alerting system developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the FCC, and wireless carriers.
The recession has made most law enforcement agencies cut back on their purchases of technology. That means that all of law enforcement is having to learn what small agencies have known for some time. You can do a lot for less, if you put your mind to it.
The Columbine High School massacre underscored what can happen when tactical teams cannot communicate. Fast-forward 13 years, and such incompatibility still exists for many tactical teams, particularly those in mid-size to small departments.
When planning events, you'll want to involve the event coordinator (or committee); fire and ambulance services; information technology and communications; public works; the media; and organized volunteers.


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I thought I told you about The Birds and The Bees!
What do you want now?
Best Answer
Yes I did!
Remember I showed you an Egg and then I explained all about Sex by plugging the toaster cord into the wall socket a few times!
Best Answer
Me ? Sure. Why not.
Best Answer
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Snow is a pit bull-mix. My husband's old dog is his daddy, and he has the same spot on the same eye - which seems to be a family trait. One male from every litter for generations has had that same spot. He's also named after Jon Snow from Game of Thrones.
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!


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8 Inventive Ways to Display Your House Number
These highly creative bloggers added some flair to their front porches.
By Lauren Piro
Plant a Post
This upscale addition to your curb appeal looks sophisticated, but comes together quite easily with just a few hardware store finds.
Get the tutorial at Shanty 2 Chic »


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Courtyard Houston Intercontinental Airport
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Travel Blogs from Houston
Arrive home
Arrived sydney airport 8.37am 3 minutes early. Made it through customs no problems. Came out could not find callum, rang him he was at the wrong gate, he was happy to see me and I was to see him. Said goodbye to robyn and thanked her for a great holiday. In the car callum starts to tell me of the fight he had with Kaylah, nothing has change still in the middle of the two of them cursing and fight at each other. Welcome ...
Last day do trip
Today is the last day of our holiday in usa, would love to stay longer and travel som more. Everything packed, bags are pretty heavy just waiting to go to airport, Flight leaves at 7 pm so I think we will just go to the airport as we need to be out of hotel by midday. Got to airport about 1.30pm sat around and waited for flight to la. Arrived la about 30 minutes late but made the flight to sydney ...
Today we went to walmart, omg what a shop. Got more makeup, pj, no shoes or bags just things I needed. Went over at 7pm to the opening of the show, women everywhere. Tried tp meet up with Rhonda and Jeffrey but no luck. Home at 10 pm with a bag full of material. First thing we saw was $1.00 fat quarter son got 13 of them. First purchase of the show. Got to airle 1600 that is only four lanes down. Went home with a bag full of new ...
NASA & Zoo
... in the museum section.
Houston Zoo was equally as good. It's deceptively big and there are few animals they don't have. We were lucky enough to feed a sloth which was unbelievable. It was the cutest thing. We were very lucky that most of the animals seemed to awaken just as we got to their enclosures and put on a show.
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Busy Weekend
We're really on the countdown to holidays now - one week of school left - yippee!!
We had a nice start to the week with Sharon Glumac and her daughter, Carmel dropping in for dinner and readings us Monday evening. It was particularly lovely of them to visit as they live more than an hour away and it took Sharon two hours to get here in the busy peak hour traffic. On arrival, they almost re-stocked my fridge with loads of fruit and dip, flowers and a ...


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Your stomach hurts badly! You are experiencing stomach cramps. There are several things that can actually cause stomach cramps – and you definitely want to figure out what is causing this cramping and how to make it go away. You may wonder if overeating really causes the stomach muscles to cramp. In fact it does.
A stomach cramp is not the same as a stomach ache. A stomach cramp is an actual muscle cramp, much like getting a cramp in your foot or the calf of the leg. It is painful, and it cannot be massaged away in most cases. You must wait for the cramp to subside.
A stomach ache is a persistent pain, usually relieved by vomiting or a bowel movement. A stomach cramp causes pain that gives you a squeezing sensation, and the feeling comes and goes in waves, like a spasm.
Cramps can be caused in relation to food in a variety of ways. Eating too much can cause stomach pain and cramps. Intolerance to food is also a culprit, but until they experience food intolerance, most people think that this type of problem only causes nausea and vomiting, when in fact it can and does cause stomach cramping as well.
Overeating can cause indigestion, which in turn causes stomach cramps, but it is also important to understand that indigestion can also occur even if you don't overeat if there is food intolerance to certain foods. When you overeat, the stomach muscles must contract even more than usual to breakdown and digest the foods, which cause those muscles to cramp. Food poisoning is another problem that can cause stomach cramps in relation to food.
Food isn't the only thing that can cause stomach cramps. These painful cramps can also be caused by constipation and diarrhea. Menstruation can cause stomach cramps due to an over production of prostaglandins. Exercise can also cause stomach cramps – especially exercise of the abdominal muscles. These cramps usually occur either because you haven't properly warmed the muscles before exercising, or because the muscles are unused to the activity.