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Deep Kiss of Winter
An Omnibus of Novels
Two never-before-published paranormal stories to delight the senses and tantalize the imagination!
#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLING AUTHOR KRESLEY COLE delivers a breathtaking tale of a brutal vampire soldier about to know love for the first time . . . and a Valkyrie aching for his touched.
Murdoch Wroth will stop at nothing to claim Daniela the Ice Maiden -- the delicate Valkyrie who makes his heart beat for the first time in three hundred years. Yet the exquisite Danii is part ice fey, and her freezing skin can't be touched by anyone but her own kind without inflicting pain beyond measure. Soon desperate for closeness, in an agony of frustration, Murdoch and Danii will do anything to have each other. Together, can they find the key that will finally allow them to slake the overwhelming desire burning between them?
NEW YORK TIMES AND USA TODAY BESTSELLING AUTHOR GENA SHOWALTER puts a daring spin on a tale of huntress and hunted . . . and concocts a sensual chemistry that is positively explosive.
With only skin-to-skin contact, Aleaha Love can change her appearance, assume any identity. Now she's an AIR (alien investigation and removal) agent on a mission to capture a group of otherworldly warriors. Only she is held captive when dangerously seductive Breean, a golden-skinned, iron-willed commander, threatens her new life—and for the first time, Aleaha wants only to be herself.
About the Authors
Kresley Cole is the #1 New York Times bestselling author of the Immortals After Dark paranormal series. Her books have been translated into many foreign languages, garnered two RITA awards, and consistently appear on the bestseller lists in the U.S. and abroad.
Audience: General
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 448
Published: 28th December 2010
Dimensions (cm): 17.8 x 11.1 x 2.8
Weight (kg): 0.25
New York Times bestselling author, Kresley Cole, is a former world-ranked athlete and professional coach who now concentrates on her dream of writing romance. Since her first novel was published in 2003, Cole has sold a total of twelve books and two novellas in two different subgenres. She has followed her highly acclaimed Sutherland Series historicals with the MacCarrick Brothers Series, a trilogy of Highlander historical romances, as well as the continuing Immortals After Dark Series, a bestselling paranormal romance collection, both with Pocket Books.
Visit Kresley Cole's Booktopia Author Page


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01The 25 Most Viral Action Sports Videos of the Year
028 Nightmare Guests Every Seasonaire Will Encounter In The Mountains
03Remember The Man Who Fed Himself To A Giant Snake? These Are the 14 Craziest Animal Videos of 2014
0420 Crazy Questions Your Elderly Relatives Will Definitely Ask You This Christmas...
0510 Ways To Ward Off Insanity While Waiting For Snow
06Backcountry Bangers And Stylish Methods: This Women's Snowboarding Edit Will Make Your Day
07Meet Milos. He's 62, Snowboards Every Day And Is An Absolute Dude
08Neon Onesies, Furry Moon Boots, And Leather Gimp Suits: 25 Fashion Crimes That Should Never Make A Comeback
09These Guys Made A Massive BMX Set Up Deep In The Woods... And It's The Craziest We've Ever Seen
10Thought Lego Snowboarding Was Good? Then Santa Back-Flipping On Skis Will Make Your Week
A Day in the Life: DJ Brandt and Kelsy Hoog
A Mountain Biking video by thebaker - 2,651 views
Tim Da Costa pulled these two riders together for a days filming capturing they guys just doing what they love doing.
Slick editing and great riding, check it out.
What Do You Think?
Get the best in action sports straight to your inbox

subset: commoncrawl


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Affluent Lifestyle Guide
You might like Best Runway Models >
Rich colors and patterns were all over the runway today at Diors Spring 2014 show during Paris Fashion Week, and despite the intense mismatching the collection was akin to a breath of fresh air. Black and white was paired well with bright hues and left each piece looking new and modern.... Read More
It's possible that Ill get some backlash from the fashion community, but Im going to say it anyway. I was not a fan of the Lanvin collection. His Spring 2014 show yesterday during Paris Fashion week was just too much. I could count the number of pieces that werent shiny, shimmering, or glittering from top to bottom, on one hand.... Read More
The first collection from Paco Rabannes new Creative Director Julien Dossena premiered today during Paris Fashion Week. Maybe its the thigh baring skirts or low slung belts, but theres no way to look more fashion-forward than to look to the future for inspirationliterally.... Read More
Clearly, Ann Demeulemeester loves anything that screams rock-n-roll. Her dark and moody collections are iconic of her name and today's Spring 2014 show during Paris Fashion Week was no different.... Read More
You know how Parisian woman have that effortless look of elegance? That I-just-woke-up-looking-this-great style? American women dont have it (though we would give anything for it), but we try, usually but not always, in vain, to emulate it.... Read More
True to the iconic more is more touch of Roberto Cavalli, this weeks Spring 2014 collection at Milan Fashion Week was a mix of lace, fringe, metallics and subtle patterning in a '20s Great Gatsby-esque mash-up; probably one of the most beautiful collections Ive seen from the Italian designer.... Read More
The fashion at Moschino during Milan fashion week may not have been the greatest, but wowit was quite the show. And opening with lip-syncing and dancing models who spin around on the runway is definitely one way to get noticed.... Read More
Dwayne Wade, Miami HEAT NBA Champion, will be hosting a fashion fundraiser on September 26 at the famous Moore Building located in the citys Design District. As an iconic location, the venue is expected to draw its typical large crowd of charitable locals to the fashion-inspired event.... Read More
Versaces Spring 2014 runway show during Milan Fashion Week today was an emotional roller-coaster. Falling in and out of love with the collection as each piece came down the runway was enough to leave us in a frenzy over which looks we were digging and which made us cringe.... Read More
Its refreshing to see a truly beautiful collection during the chaos that is Fashion Week. With all the peacocking that goes on between designers, editors and even attendees it seems like everyone is always trying to outdo one another.... Read More


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United States » Georgia » Macon » La Quinta Inn Suites Macon West
La Quinta Inn & Suites Macon West
Book Online & Save 10%
Macon is about eighty miles southeast of Atlanta on I-75, where I-16 branches off to the coast, makes an attractive stop en route to Savannah, especially when its 200,000 cherry trees erupt with frothy blossoms - celebrated at the Cherry Blossom Festival. Macon is home many southern historic landmarks including the Hay House, the Cannonball House, Woodruff House, Georgia Music Hall of Fame, Georgia Sports Hall of Fame and the new La Quinta Inn & Suites Macon West.
Features and Amenities
- Free Internet Access
- Free Breakfast
ReservationsBook Online or call 478-788-6226
Address & Contact:
4615 Chambers Rd
Macon, GA 31206
United States
4615 Chambers Rd
Macon, GA 31206
United States
Your rating: None
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Receive advance notice of pet friendly hotel & travel deals, the TWP e-newsletter, and exclusive member-only offers - like 10% OFF at the TWP Store!


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Unlock the entire Houzz
34 Southside, TN Home Stagers
If you are selling your Southside, TN home, a stager just might become your new best friend. This professional works to prepare your Southside, TN home for the Tennessee real estate market. The main objective is to make your house desirable to the highest number of potential buyers possible, so it will be more likely to sell quickly and easily. More
The Practical Decorator (615) 799-4022
Carol Bass is the owner of The Practical Decorator, a master professional trainer and co-founder of The Decorating and Staging Academy™. The DSA is the longest running independent... Read More
Stage Right Now (931) 801-7523
ASP Certified home stager specializing in staging new and occupied homes with furniture and accessories. Read More
Styling Spaces Home Staging & Re-Design (615) 636-2309
Styling Spaces is a Professional Advanced Home Staging & Re-Design firm founded by Principle Designer & Advanced Home Staging Certified Professional Sara Affonso. Read More
Absolute Makeover (615) 977-7732
Residential Painting and Renovation, Home Staging and Redesign Read More
Showhomes Nashville (615) 830-3041
Since 2003, I have enjoyed working with Realtors, home owners, builders, banks, and investors in re-design, consultations, and make-overs. Whether the client is preparing their... Read More
Staged Masters LLC (615) 207-6980
Professional Home Staging Company Greater Nashville Tennessee Area Read More
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Prix de Solde began with the simple observation that an uncluttered and aesthetically pleasing home sells faster and for more money. Putting this notion into practice, Prix de... Read More
Ready Setz (615) 934-0343
My staging and decorating stem from 2 basic guidelines: 1) Choose one color background- white, Khaki, gray, and black 2) Add pops of color/patterns/wood/metal This allows a... Read More
Tennessee Staging Service (615) 337-4742
Tennessee Staging Service assists home sellers and Realtors in getting their home or listing ready to be competitive in today's real estate market. We'll show you how to optimize... Read More
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An interior design and real estate staging company Read More
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Christa Swartz has been involved in serving others as a profession for over 15 years. There is nothing that pleases her more than finding ways to meet the needs of her clients... Read More
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Czech Republic Confirms Acceptance of 4 C295 Aircraft
A Czech Republic delegation headed by the Deputy Minister of Defence Mr. Libor Karásek has confirmed the acceptance of four Airbus Military C295 transport aircraft. The Czech Republic delegation visited different Airbus Military facilities in Spain, including the C295 final assembly line (FAL).
The photograph shows the Czech Deputy Minister of Defence Mr. Libor Karásek, Col. Jaromir Sebesta, Czech AF Deputy Commander, Ramón Bau from the Airbus Military Customer Support organisation, and Agustín Benassar from the Airbus Military Commercial organisation.
Battlefield Management Systems Market - Forecast & Analysis 2014 - 2019
Source : Airbus, an EADS N.V. company (Paris: EAD.PA)
Military Flight Training Conference
Mar 24 - 26, 2015 - London, United Kingdom


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Music to Your Ears
Wes Naman
Show Up!
The Isness
Rap-rock minus that nasty Limp Bizkit aftertaste
Music Magnified
No Use for a Name
with Fenix TX, Versus the World and Fair Shot
Music Magnified
with The Wailers and Sub Agencia (Moonlight Lounge)
Flyer on the Wall
Killah Beez
The Empty Orchestra
Seven Days of Karaoke
Today's Events
Whiskey Business Karaoke! at Blackbird Buvette
Thomas Cordova at Corrales Bistro Brewery
Cowgirl Karaoke hosted by Michele Leidig at The Cowgirl BBQMore Recommented Events ››
Dj Ntox "In The Mix" • 12.27.2014
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Quality Inn & Suites Garden Of The Gods
555 W. Garden of Gods Rd.
Colorado Springs, CO 80907
Phone: (719) 593-9119
Fax: (719) 260-0381
Starting From
See all Rates
555 W. Garden of Gods Rd., Colorado Springs, CO, US, 80907
- Phone: (719) 593-9119
- Fax: (719) 260-0381
4.2 out of 5 (237 reviews)
83% of guests recommend this hotel
America the Beautiful Park
126 Cimino Drive
Colorado Springs, CO 80903
+1 719 385 5940 (City Park Council)
May to Oct - Mo to Su from 05:00 AM to 11:00 PM,Nov to Apr - Mo to Su from 05:00 AM to 09:00 PMNamed after Kathryn Lee Bates' poem, the park is a sprawling property with trails, manicured lawns, 40-foot tall obelisks and other installations. America the Beautiful Park overlooks Pikes Peak and at night the obelisks glow. The park is also popular for those interested in UFO sightings. Scores of visitors come with transmitters, trying to contact the other world; it's like a party out there. Opens everyday at 5a.
Earn valuable points toward free nights.


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Fukuoka Travel Guide
Fukuoka Attractions
Useful Links
Useful Fukuoka Links
Visiting Fukuoka
places of interest and how to get around Fukuoka, Japan
Featured Hotels in Fukuoka
- Hotel Okura Fukuoka 3-2 Shimokoawabata-machi, Hakata-Ku Fukuoka
- Grand Hyatt Fukuoka Hotel 1-2-82 Sumiyoshi, Hakata-ku Fukuoka
- Hotel Nikko Fukuoka 2-18-25 Hakata Eki-mae, Hakata-ku Fukuoka
- RIHGA Royal Hotel Kokura 2-14-2, Asano,Kokurakita-ku Fukuoka
- Dai Ichi Tokyo Hotel Fukuoka 5-2-18, Nakasu, Hakata-ku Fukuoka
- More Fukuoka Hotels
Know a thing or two about Fukuoka ?
Please share your experiences and tips with your fellow travellers.
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Photos: Cameron Miquelon/Louisville.com.
It is that time once again: June 14 and 15 comes the 2013 iteration of the Kentuckiana Pride Festival at the Belvedere in downtown Louisville, hosted by the Kentuckiana Pride Foundation and sponsored by Humana and Absolut.
Unemployment in Kentucky is down! Well, from 10.6 to 10.4 percent. That's good. Really. [Fox41]
As a newcomer to Louisville, I knew the city had a lot to offer before I moved here. I had no clue, however, than an abundance of festivals was one of the city's highlights. 2nd Annual Gay & Lesbian Film Festival June 4-July 2 Village 8 Theaters


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Primary Care Doctor, Family Practitioner
14 years of experience
14 years of experience
The Claremont Colleges
757 N College Ave
Claremont, CA 91711 Phone number & directions
757 N College Ave
Claremont, CA 91711 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Jennie Ho:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Have you visited Dr. Ho? Share your experience.
Write a Review
Write a Review
Specialties & Research
Dr. Jennie Ho, MD is board certified in Family Medicine.
Education & Awards
Dr. Ho graduated from University of Missouri at Kansas City.
Home > Find a Primary Care Doctor > CA > Claremont Primary Care Doctors > Dr. Jennie Ho, MD
Similar doctors nearby
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Family Medicine
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Jennie Y F Ho MD is a female Family Practitioner, has 14 years of experience and practices in Family Medicine.
- Where does Dr. Jennie Y. Ho practice?
- Dr. Jennie Ho has 1 office location.
Dr. Jennie Ho practices Family Medicine near Claremont, CA.
See Claremont Primary Care Doctors.


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Vickerman 48 in. Pre-Lit Camden Fir TeardropItem # HN-VKR2002
- Crafted from polyvinyl chloride
- Features 100 Dura-Lit clear lights
- Perfect for indoor use
- Manufacturer provides 1 year limited warranty
- Measures 48 in. high
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2009 Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M. Finished in Rosso Corsa over a Nera and Tan Alcantara, the Scuderia Spider 16M is in stellar condition from top... More
Only 9K! Rosso Corsa With Tan Leather Interior. Recently Serviced. Fitted With: Scuderia Ferrari Shields On Fenders, Brake Calipers in Red Color, Daytona... More
CONTACT KERRY DIRECTLY AT (561) 860-2309 Marino Performance Motors is proud to announce the arrival of this AMAZING 2007... More
** PAYMENTS AS LOW AS $995/mo WITH APPROVED CREDIT! ** Domani Motor Cars is thrilled to announce the arrival of this stunning 2007 Ferrari... More
This 2005 Ferrari 430 2dr 2dr Convertible Spider Convertible features a 4.3L V8 FI SOHC 40V 8cyl Gasoline engine. It is equipped with a... More
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all options posted on our web site: www.carriagehousemotorcars.com or call us for more info at: 203 661 6669... More


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Will Backman from BSDTalk has interviewed Kris Moore, PC-BSD founder, on the latest version of PBI (PC-BSD Push Button Installer).
Listen to the interview here.
Will Backman from BSDTalk has interviewed Kris Moore, PC-BSD founder, on the latest version of PBI (PC-BSD Push Button Installer).
Listen to the interview here.
Jacob Luevano has created a great tutorial for Spanish speakers showing how to create PBIs (PC-BSD's click-n-install packages). If your mother tongue is Spanish and you've been wanting to create PBIs, there's no excuse any more.
PC-BSD proporciona un sistema de empaquetar aplicaciones denominado PBI(Push Button Installer), el cual permite a los usuarios de una forma muy fácil instalar y eliminar aplicaciones. El formato es fácil de usar y permite a los desarrolladores definir menús,iconos,registrar tipos mime. Este documento pretende ayudar a los desarrolladores a empaquetar sus aplicaciones bajo PBI.
The tutorial can be found here.
We're happy to announce the new version of pbiDir.com where you can download the point-n-click installation PBI packages for PC-BSD. The site now includes screen-shots of applications, comments, user logins and much, much more!
Also announced on our PC-BSD blog.
Similar to my m0n0wall vs pfSense; similarities & differences post, I thought I'd also post a "PC-BSD vs DesktopBSD; similarities & differences" overview since I get so much trafic from people trying to find out what the similarities and differences are.
A common misconception about DesktopBSD is that it is intended as a rival to PC-BSD as a BSD-based desktop distribution. Neither the DesktopBSD nor the PC-BSD project intend to rival each other; the two projects are completely independent with distinctive features and goals. PC-BSD has introduced a new package management (PBI) that lets you easily install packages, whereas DesktopBSD has developed a graphical utility that makes installing standard FreeBSD packages and ports easy. Let's have a look at the similarities and the differences.
Kevin Miller used PC-BSD in one of his classes and got his students to use it too. Thanks for spreading the word, Kevin!
Read Kevin's "My Vietnamese Students used PC-BSD" account for details.
Version 4.0 of the PBI installation program has been released, which includes several new features:
PBI Developers can download version 4.0 from PBIDir. In addition, PBIs being built on the PC-BSD auto-build server will have this update applied automatically. Questions or comments about this latest release may be directed towards the PBI Developers list.
2007 is over. It was a very successful year for open source software and another 12 interesting months have passed for FreeBSD. In this post I want to look back at 2007 and see how FreeBSD faired, what happened in "FreeBSD land" and how FreeBSD based operating systems have developed. This post will be a sort of summary of the messages I posted during 2007.
[if you like this post, please digg it, add it to your favorites or share it]
We'll be looking at:
Around April last year I was toying with the idea of starting a FreeBSD related news blog with the view to raise more awareness of FreeBSD and show it's a perfect alternative to Linux. My first post was on 17 May 2007 and since then visitor numbers have rapidly gone up and feedback from visitors indicates that there's definitely interest in such a blog. With the continuing growth of my WordPress.com hosted blog, I wanted to get some more flexibility and the ability to install plugins and scripts. Hence my move to Bluehost/FreeBSDOS (BTW, if you're looking for cheap and reliable webhosting, I can really recommend them).
Unfortunately 2007 didn't see the final release of FreeBSD 7.0; just 4 beta's and a RC1. Well, maybe not "unfortunately", because a top-quality product is better than a rushed-out flaky one that needs to be fixed and patched soon after its release. FreeBSD 7.0 incorporates some new and exciting technologies which will put this version a-par with, if not ahead of, Linux. Exciting stuff.
The FreeBSD Foundation have issued their quarterly newsletters (Q2, Q3, Q4), keeping the world up-to-date with the latest developments and news. The Foundation received a lot of coverage online and in the blogosphere with their Absolute FreeBSD book auction and their fund raising drive. The 2007 fundraising goal was $250.000, but a total of $403,511 was achieved. Well done.
There are already a couple of Linux related magazines for sale in stores, but BSD magazines aren't available currently. "An interesting opportunity", Software Media LLC/LP Magazine must have thought. They will issue first issue at the beginning of Q2 2008 and will contain an article by Dru Lavigne and Jan Stedehouder (Jan used and reviewed both PC-BSD and DesktopBSD for a month in his PC-BSB: the first 30 days and DesktopBSD: the first 30 days series).
Conference-wise, the 'normal' BSD conferences (BSDCan, EuroBSD, MeetBSD) were held, with a new one in Turkey (BSDConTR).
PC-BSD's New Year's message offers a few peeks into what is planned for 2008:
On behalf of the PC-BSD Core Team, Kris Moore writes:
I wanted to post a brief message to our users and developers, thanking them for their support over the last year, and offering a few peeks into what we are planning for '08.
First of all we are eagerly awaiting the release of KDE 4 and FreeBSD 7, and will start on a new version of PC-BSD based on these sometime in the months after their release. Also, we plan on a 1.5 release based on FreeBSD 6.3 and KDE 3.5.8, which will be the last release in the 1.x series. We also plan on releasing a 64 bit native version of PC-BSD starting with version 1.5. This version will also have its own set of 64 bit PBIs to ensure that users can run their applications natively, as they should be.
Also in the next few weeks an update to the PBI creator will be released, which will offer a few new features, such as being able to choose a different install location for their applications. We are also busy working on an update to PBIDir, which will make it easier to monitor and install the latest PBIs. This along with our new PBI Auto-Building system will help ensure that PBIs are up to date, and often available in 24-48 hours after the related port has been updated in the ports tree.
We are looking forward to another year of leaps forward in PC-BSD usability and power, and hope everybody enjoys the improvements!


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After reading such a book, your first temptation is to read it again, and this is a good idea.
Let's hope that most scientists are as open in their thinking and as faithful to the scientific method as the authors of this book seem to be.
Climategate I is the scandal uncovered at the Climate Research Unit (CRU) at the Univ. of East Anglia in England, the subject of this book.
So here's the resumes of the authors of the this independently published, non-mainstream argument to bolster climate change denialism. Read morePublished 7 months ago by albarino
The authors are clearly climate war insiders whose beliefs lie somewhere between the alarmists and the deniers. Read morePublished 10 months ago by Anthony N. Jeric
Great Book with the author like me concerned at the alarmist attitudes to AGW which is causing massive problems in countries that cant afford itPublished 23 months ago by RS
This is not an easy book to read, but stick with it. It clearly documents the trail(s) of attempted coverups by the authors and peer reviewers of the 1991 IPCC report that started... Read morePublished on December 4, 2011 by John R. Beaman Jr.
This is an outstanding book that gives great background information on the major players in the great anthropogenic global warming debate, and the history of "climate science. Read morePublished on July 18, 2011 by A. Miller
By Steve Goreham, author of Climatism! Science, Common Sense, and the 21st Century's Hottest Topic.
Climategate: The Crutape Letters is a good review of the emails... Read more
At my own university, all graduate research assistants are required to undergo a two-day course in professional ethics training. Read morePublished on December 25, 2010 by Brian H. Fiedler
This book is an excellent case study of moral corruption. It is about a relatively small cabal of scientists, linked to the IPCC, that brought the scientific community into... Read morePublished on December 6, 2010 by Mr. Peter M. Sullivan Aca
As the title to my post here says, I have not read this book yet, but will after having stumbled upon it. Read morePublished on November 18, 2010 by Joanna


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We see REST web services as a way of "future-proofing" our business, among other things. I'm thinking through the tradeoffs of various ways of versioning our REST Web Services and I would like to find out what others have learned when it comes to versioning REST web services.
There are lots of good discussions on SO and other places about versioning web services, but most of them focus on whether to put the version number in the URL or the request header.
Versioning web services has multiple aspects to it. There is specifying the version in the web service call itself (URL or header). There is managing multiple versions of business logic in source code. There is building versioned web services. There are version control issues. And there is the matter of how to deprecate and drop obsolete versions.
Our partner who is writing our mobile clients wants to put the version in the URL so that is my approach (for now). In addition, the new versions of these web services may not be compatible with the old versions. For example there may be a different security implementation in different versions.
When it comes to versioned URLs two approaches are usually suggested - put the verion number in the URL or make it a parameter
The second method requires some controller logic to route the request to the right implementation, but that's not difficult. The choice between the two isn't difficult.
A third option is to put the version number in the context-root itself which means putting it in the .war filename prefix or in the deployment descriptor:
This would mean deploying multiple archives for all versions currently supported.
I like having version numbers in filenames. It makes it easy to see what is deployed. The downside to this approach is that it requires a seperate build for each versioned archive, maybe with maven profiles.
Here's what the code for the first approach could look like. Each web method does it's own controller logic for all supported versions for that method. Business logic for each version can be handled a sensible way (i.e. put the version number in the package).
public class RestService extends Application {
public User getUser(@PathParam("version") String version, @PathParam("id") int id) {
User user;
if (version.equals("v0.1")) {
// call v0.1 code to get the User
else if (version.equals("v0.2")) {
// call v0.2 code to get the User
else {
throw new WebApplicationException(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND);
return user;
My first implementation of this used multiple subclasses of javax.ws.rs.core.Application in different packages with the version number in the package. That should work, but the JBoss RESTeasy implementation doesn't allow multiple subclasses of Application in one .war. That apparently is a violation of the JAX-RS 1.1 specification, but it's a limitation you'll have to live with if you use JBoss or RESTeasy.
I'm inclined to use the first approach with an implementation similar to the one above. Since I'm trying to minimize problems in the future I would like to hear what others have learned through experience with the various aspects of version web services.
Is this a sound approach, or will it lead to problems that I haven't mentioned here?


text: Revised Town of Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan SECTION I – INTRODUCTION The Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan sets forth policies that are intended to influence the timing, type, location and quality of future development over the next 20 years for the Town of Selma"s future planning area. The timeframe for this plan was established at 20 years so that it plans far enough into the future to help inform decisions in the short run, but is not so far out in the future that it is unrealistic. Periodic updates to this plan are expected and necessary to keep the Plan relevant and useful. The Plan goals are based on the several factors: The Town of Selma"s Strategic Plan, adopted in May 2008, summarized in Section I of this Plan document. The Town of Selma"s Vision Statement, which is shown in Section II of this Plan document. An Existing Conditions Analysis, which is contained in Appendix A of this Plan Document. Key Planning and Growth Concerns and Opportunities, summarized in Section I of this Plan document. Planning principles in use by local governments in North Carolina and throughout the United States. The Land Use Planning Process: The Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan process started in April 2009 when Selma hired The Wooten Company to help it develop its Comprehensive Land Use Plan. During this same month, the Town created a Land Use Plan Steering Committee, comprised of Mayor Charles Hester, Council Member Cheryl Oliver, Planning Board Member Dennis Davis, Former Selma Development Partnership Chairman Roger Root, Town Manager Richard Douglas and Planning Director Ryan Simons. The Steering Committee first met in April 2009, with additional meetings held in _____ and July, 2009. The first phase of the land use planning process was an inventory and analysis of historic and projected demographic and economic data and a review of the factors which influence growth and development in Selma. This phase also looked at key issues and concerns identified within the Town"s Strategic Plan, adopted in 2008, especially those related to land use issues. This Strategic plan included several Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 1 Revised 9-29-09 identified Town strengths and opportunities, weaknesses and strengths, and strategic objectives and recommended actions. Maps were also prepared to show the existing Selma planning jurisdiction (City limits and Extraterritorial Jurisdiction or ETJ) and the proposed ETJ and proposed Planning Area. At the conclusion of this phase, a draft vision statement, specific objectives and policies to support those objectives were prepared. The second phase of the process was the development of a Future Land Use Map (FLUM). The first draft of the FLUM was created mainly to reflect current zoning, given the substantial surplus of vacant land in the Town"s corporate and ETJ limits that is already zoned for urban uses (defined as any zoning district but Residential Agriculture (RA)). The FLUM was created with only three land use designations (Commercial, Industrial and Residential) to encourage a wide range of uses within each designation, within the guidelines established in the Plan Policies, in order to promote, rather than discourage, development. The Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Steering Committee met again on July 22, 2009, where they reviewed and made revisions to the Land Use Plan Policies document, as well as the FLUM. Land use designations for specific portions of the Town"s Planning Area were amended to reflect desired future land uses based on a number of factors, including surrounding existing uses, location of vacant lands, trends in development, proximity to infrastructure (including water/sewer and roads), as well as a desire to include Strategic Areas of Importance, or Activity Centers, to the map and policy document. A Final Draft of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan document and FLUM were prepared to be heard at a Public Hearing before a joint session with the Planning Board and Town Board of Commissioners on September 28, 2009. Plan Purpose: The Selma City Council has authorized the preparation of this Comprehensive Land Use Plan in order to provide a guide for ensuring the vitality of existing development in the City and for guiding the growth of developing areas. Preparation of a Comprehensive Land Use Plan is appropriate because the existing Land Development Plan has not been updated to keep up with the growth of the City. The previous plan was adopted on December 21, 1976. This document included a Development Plan, but only for the period up to the year 2000. Given that the plan has not been updated in 33 years, and the fact that the existing City Limits and ETJ extend well beyond the area included in the 1976 Development Plan, the 1976 Plan was considered obsolete, with little relevant data to assist in a current plan. A Comprehensive Land Use Plan is needed in order to accommodate anticipated population growth. The Town of Selma has had an overall population increase of 21.2% Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 2 Revised 9-29-09 (or 2.8% annual average growth rate) between 2000 and 2007. Selma is projected to increase by an annual rate of 5.1% between 2007 and 2010 and between 2 and 3% annually between 2010 and 2030, to a total population of 13,744 by 2030. Using these population projections and assuming a future population density that mirror"s that of today (2.4 persons per square miles), the Town will be demanding over 5,700 acres of land by the year 2030. In order to be prepared for this growth, it is appropriate to prepare a Comprehensive Land Use Plan. A Comprehensive Land Use Plan is also needed to address community concerns, such as the need for good jobs and more owner-occupied housing in Selma. For instance, Selma's percentage of owner-occupied housing in 2000 was about 46%, similar to Kenly and Benson, and lower than Smithfield (54%) and Clayton (65%). In addition, Selma has requested an expansion of its Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) from the Johnston County Board of Commissioners. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan can show Johnston County officials and property owners how Selma would manage land uses in that expanded ETJ. Finally, in its 2008 Strategic Plan, Selma identified the lack of a future plan to guide and manage growth as one of the Town"s top weaknesses and a distinct disadvantage for the Town in competing with surrounding communities for attracting families and businesses. Additional information on Selma"s history, growth, transportation, natural features, historic properties, community facilities, and planning and growth issues and concerns can be found in Appendix A, Existing Conditions Report. Plan Area: The Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan covers the following Planning Area Components: Selma Town Limits – The Town"s incorporated municipal jurisdiction, subject to the full authority of the Town"s regulatory powers. Selma Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) – A jurisdictional area extending approximately 1 mile beyond the Selma Town Limits, which is subject to the Town"s development regulations (such as zoning and subdivision ordinances), but is otherwise subject to the remainder of the County"s regulatory oversight. Selma Proposed Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (Prop ETJ) – An area extending approximately 2 miles beyond the Selma Town Limits, currently subject to the full authority of the County"s regulatory powers. The County has further authorized that the Town may assume this area into its ETJ, given certain procedural requirements are met. In the future, the Town intends on meeting these requirements in order to extend the ETJ boundary as proposed. Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 3 Revised 9-29-09 Selma Proposed Planning Area – An area extending approximately 2.5 miles beyond the Selma Town Limits, which is subject to the full authority of the County"s regulatory powers. At some indeterminate time in the future, this area may be influenced by development patterns in the Town of Selma. Where this area may overlap or encroach onto the planning area(s) of other municipal jurisdictions, the Town will work cooperatively with those jurisdictions to ensure that the area is properly regulated. Key Growth Challenges and Opportunities: After reviewing the Town"s Strategic Plan and the Existing Conditions Report for this Land Use Plan, the following is a summary of the Town"s current planning and growth concerns and opportunities: Challenges for the Future: Reputation o Crime o High percentage of rental housing Appearance o Town entranceways o Potential conflicts between industrial and surrounding land uses o Development standards that do not protect or enhance land values Community Spirit Downtown Retail Diversity Lack of Local Jobs Housing o Decreasing amount of single-family owner-occupied housing o Declining quality of rental housing Grow Tax Base Compete for Growth with Surrounding Towns Strengths and Opportunities: Optimum Location Proud History Friendly and Caring Community Entertainment and Recreation Economy and Commerce Recommendations of the 2008 Strategic Plan: Improve Town Appearance Ensure Healthy Quality of Life Establish and Maintain Vibrant Business Community Develop Selma as a Destination Restore and Maintain Community Pride and Spirit Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 4 Revised 9-29-09 In summary, the Town of Selma is positioned for increased growth, due to its transportation access and proximity to the Triangle. And although the Town faces many challenges, it boasts several strengths that can be capitalized on by a well-designed growth plan that attracts the quality development and sustainable new jobs it needs to address its challenges and remain a destination of choice for those wanting to live work and play in central NC. SECTION II – GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The Goals and Objectives of the Land Use Plan consist of an overall vision statement, six objectives (also called policies), and a list of implementation strategies that outline specific actions or mechanisms to be considered by the Town of Selma to achieve the stated objective. In general, the implementation strategies recommend new or revised planning policies, procedures, and land use regulations to be considered by the Town. Vision Statement: "Manage growth and development activities in a manner which distinguishes Selma as a unique destination to live, work, and play. Furthermore, it is the goal of the Town of Selma to approach growth issues progressively and responsibly while honoring the history and heritage which has made Selma a "charming place to be"". Objectives (Policies) & Implementation Strategies: I. Industrial/Commercial Recruitment Objective – Seek opportunities to attract and retain businesses and industries which provide locally desirable goods, services, and employment. Commentary - Proposed strategies include measures to decide what businesses Selma wants, where Selma wants them, what measures are needed to attract them and how to make sure they fit in with existing development. A. Overall Recruitment Implementation Strategies 1. Develop various public and private partnerships, including creation of a Town of Selma Economic Development Committee or combined partnership with Smithfield, to promote Selma and market industrial/commercial sites in Selma. 2. Identify activity/growth centers for office, commercial and industrial development on the Future Land Use Plan Map. Locate these activity centers in areas well-served by transportation and utilities. Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 5 Revised 9-29-09 Do not locate these activity centers in areas to be protected for non-urban development or in areas that would create or exacerbate traffic congestion or truck traffic through downtown. 3. Identify businesses and industries that should be proactively recruited and where it is preferred that they be located. Consider especially industries targeted for funds by the Federal stimulus program, such as emerging "green industries". 4. Consider extension or expansion of roads, water and sewer service to serve identified activity center/growth areas. 5. Consider implementation of Town policies and procedures (e.g. rezonings, annexations, utility extensions) that direct growth to activity center/growth areas. 6. Consider development of Special Area Plans for areas where future concentrated development should occur. Consider defining minimum as well as maximum residential densities preferred as well as commercial and industrial uses encouraged in the area. B. Business / Industrial Recruitment Policies 1. Capitalize on Selma"s location at the crossroads of I-95 and US 70 and its rail access, including passenger service, in all business and industrial recruitment activities. 2. Identify and enhance the marketability of prime business / industrial sites near major transportation nodes, including seeking certification of industrial sites. 3. Consider ensuring that existing zoning, subdivision, design and development ordinances provide adequate standards and requirements for desired uses and development design. 4. Consider pre-zoning land to appropriate industrial and business districts to enhance their marketability and to prevent incompatible uses. 5. Consider implementation of appropriate standards and requirements for development, such as minimum buffers and screens between potentially incompatible land uses, to minimize potential conflicts between new business and industrial uses and existing as well as potential future development. II. Revenue Improvement Objective – Implement efficient, effective, and fair methods of recovering costs associated with providing highly-valuable municipal services (to include issues such as home ownership/owner-occupied housing, transient residents, incentive/penalty fee schedules, etc.). Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 6 Revised 9-29-09 Commentary - Proposed policies include measures to attract owner-occupied housing, ensure that existing owner-occupied housing thrives, and opportunities exist for worthy tenants to become home owners. A minimum housing code would address primarily the habitability of housing, but it does give the Town a tool to use for eliminating dilapidated housing. A. Revenue Improvement Policies 1. Investigate the use of dedication and fee authorizations as allowed by state subdivision enabling legislation (G.S. 160A-371 to 160A-372) to recover municipal costs as well as ensure high quality development. 2. Seek funding partnerships (public and private) to aid in paying for growth in preferred areas. For example, consider working with State and local governments and land trusts to acquire important open spaces or greenways. 3. Consider providing an adequate supply of land appropriately located and zoned for residential subdivisions in the community. 4. Consider implementing land use development standards that will ensure tasteful development and encourage upper-scale housing design. 5. Consider investing in amenities, such as parks connected by pedestrian, greenway and bikeway trails as well as enhancing community activities and events, in order to attract more developments oriented towards owner-occupants. 6. Consider applying for Community Development Block Grants to establish housing rehabilitation programs for homeowners, gap financing for developers of owner- occupied housing and educational programs for potential homeowners. 7. Ensure that the existing housing stock thrives, especially established owner- occupied housing. Consider identifying areas for public infrastructure investments, such as sidewalks and road improvements. 8. Encourage the creation and rehabilitation of owner-occupied housing, such as working with non-profits such as Habitat for Humanity and Serve Management. 9. Consider creating programs to counsel potential homeowners on steps they need to take to become homeowners. 10. Continue to enforce the Selma minimum housing code. 11. The Town of Selma is the preferred utility provider for new and existing development, especially when it is determined that the benefits of providing such service will enhance Town revenue. Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 7 Revised 9-29-09 III. Aesthetic Improvement Objective – Focus efforts to visually enhance and beautify the built environment of the Town as a means of elevating its reputation as a healthy, clean, and safe community. Commentary - Proposed policies include measures to address the appearance along entranceways to Selma as well as within the Town in general. The proposed policies address signs, landscaping, buffering and screening, utilities and junk. A. Aesthetic Improvement Policies 1. Consider revising sign regulations to limit or prohibit billboards and set appropriate standards for new signs. Consider adopting an amortization provision in the sign ordinance to require the removal of non-conforming signs within a reasonable period of time. 2. Consider reviewing existing landscaping, buffering and screening standards to ensure high quality for all new development. Consider especially how these standards apply to the frontage of property, including parking areas. 3. Consider enhancing landscaping in public rights of way along entranceways into Town. 4. Continue efforts to remove substandard housing and junked vehicles from private property. 5. In addition to giving due consideration to the aesthetic impact of development, only those land uses which will not compromise public health or safety should be encouraged. IV. Historic/Cultural Preservation Objective – Identify opportunities to improve and promote people, places, and events which have significantly contributed to the Town"s development. Commentary - Proposed policies focus on historically significant structures, events and areas. A. Historic/Cultural Preservation Policies 1. Continue progress on designating the Uptown Selma area as a National Register Historic District. 2. Consider measures to conserve the railroad heritage in Selma Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 8 Revised 9-29-09 3. Consider recognition of historic properties and events throughout Selma, such as the Town Cemetery and the invention of Vick"s Vap-O-Rub in Selma. Consider use of roadside markers where appropriate. 4. Consider measures to ensure that historic buildings can be adapted for different uses through zoning and development standards. 5. Consider measures to encourage the conservation of historic buildings that contribute to the integrity and character of their neighborhoods. V. Environmental Protection Objective – Balance the protection of sensitive natural resources with the Town"s economic development to ensure a sustainable future. 1. Consider ensuring that significant open spaces, wetland buffers and stream corridors are maintained in a natural condition by: Requiring dedication or payments in lieu of dedication of open space for new developments, Creating an open space acquisition program, and Encouraging cluster development to protect sensitive resources. 2. Consider partnering with the Johnston County Natural Resources Initiative, as well as land conservation organizations, to develop an open space network through Selma. 3. Consider preparing a Selma Parks and Recreation Plan that ensures that sufficient park and recreation resources are available to serve new growth. Consider including the following elements in this Plan: An existing and future needs assessment, Long range improvement plan, and An annual project list that is tied to the Town"s Capital Improvement Planning process. 4. Consider attracting emerging green/sustainable industries, including wind power, solar power and biofuels. VI. Infrastructure Improvement Objective – Seek opportunities to efficiently manage and improve upon the delivery of key municipal functions and services. Commentary - Proposed policies include measures to address water and sewer service as well as the transportation cost to deliver services, such as police protection. A. Overall Infrastructure Improvement Policies Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 9 Revised 9-29-09 1. Consider partnerships with area local governments to provide services and achieve common goals at less cost and more effectively than would be true for each Town to do so on its own. 2. Consider methods of better serving the needs of citizens, through such means as performing a municipal services efficiency study across all departments, and a citizen customer satisfaction survey that determines any additional services desired. B. Water and Sewer Service Policies 1. Consider creating a long-term plan for water and wastewater service which will address Selma"s future needs. 2. Consider encouraging development to occur in and near existing water and sewer service areas, in order to get maximum benefit from Selma"s investment. 3. Consider working with Johnston County to: Increase the use of reclaimed water throughout the Town by extending lines to planned industrial areas as well as providing incentives for its use in new and existing developments. Investigate water pricing plans that discourage usage of polished water in favor of reclaimed water, as well as discourage heavy water usage in general. C. Transportation Policies 1. Where applicable, transportation systems should be designed from a "multi-modal" perspective, where a variety of modes of transportation, including pedestrian access are considered. 2. Consider working with Johnston County, NC DOT and the Upper Coastal Plains Rural Planning Organization to develop a Comprehensive Transportation Plan for Johnston County that: Includes thoroughfare and collector street plans and a transportation network that adequately supports the future land use plan. Minimizes conflicts between residential and business/industrial traffic as well as enhances the efficiency of delivering municipal services, including police and meter reading. SECTION III – FUTURE LAND USE MAP Introduction: Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 10 Revised 9-29-09 This section of the Plan contains Land Use Categories, Policies for Areas of Strategic Importance and a Future Land Use Map that graphically depicts a general land development pattern that adheres to and seeks to achieve the Land Use Plan goals and objectives shown in other sections of this Plan. To be effective, this Land Use Plan document and the Future Land Use Map must be jointly and consistently consulted when reviewing and evaluating proposed land development plans. The Future Land Use Map cannot be interpreted independently from the written land use goals and objectives. The Selma Future Land Use Map is intended to illustrate expected future land use patterns, as well as to provide guidance on the regulation of proposed land use activities. While the map itself is not regulatory, its constituent components (in conjunction with the policies of the written Land Use Plan document) should serve as a primary resource when judging the efficacy of decisions which impact land use and development. The Future Land Use Map does not explicitly denote where and how "open" or "green" space should be distributed. However, the Town recognizes that opportunities to reserve these spaces throughout the Town should not be discouraged, and that tools such as buffers, parks, "greenways", and conservation easements should be considered complimentary to land development and essential to preserving quality of life. Components of the Future Land Use Map should be interpreted as follows: Future Land Uses: Residential – If developed, land designated as "residential" is intended and expected to be primarily residential in nature. Mixed use and other innovative development trends should also be considered, but in a way which supports a predominance of residential uses. Dwelling density and other factors should be considered on a case-by-case basis to ensure that they are compatible with the suitability of land, availability of public services, accessibility to major activity centers and transportation systems, and are compatible with surrounding development. Commercial – Land designated as "commercial" has been identified as being particularly well-suited to support a multitude of commercial and commercially related uses. Specific land uses may primarily provide goods and services for the immediate area or region, as well as a sustainable source of employment. Furthermore, land uses are encouraged which support, promote, and nurture the Town"s heritage as a family- oriented community which values tradition and service. Industrial – Land designated as "industrial" are areas which may be uniquely positioned for the development of wholesale, manufacturing, processing/production, and other industrial activities. Proposed industry should provide numerous and diverse employment opportunities which benefit the local economy, and reflect the Town"s commitment to attract and retain high-paying jobs. Industries which encourage Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 11 Revised 9-29-09 innovation, responsible growth, and community involvement are considered particularly valuable. Areas/Corridors of Strategic Importance – Land near or within these areas identified on the Future Land Use Map substantially influence health, safety, and general welfare or contribute significantly to the Town"s identity. These areas may be considered historically, culturally, or environmentally significant, Town "gateways", important commercial thoroughfares, etc. Certain policies have been specifically applied to these areas, to ensure that they are preserved, improved, and properly managed. Policies for Areas of Strategic Importance: 1. Tank Farm A. The Town of Selma considers the fuel companies and support activities which comprise the "tank farm" to be valuable and strategic resources for delivering energy commodities throughout the region; responsible efforts to expand and improve upon these resources should be supported. B. Proposals to develop innovative energy technologies which focus on sustainability and environmental sensitivity should be explored. C. Commercial traffic, including tanker trucks, to and from the tank farm should be routed in a way which least impacts residential neighborhoods and minor thoroughfares. D. Efforts to improve the safety and security of personnel, commodities, and infrastructure at the tank farm should be encouraged. 2. Downtown Selma A. Efforts to preserve and commemorate historic structures and events in downtown Selma should be supported, especially when related to Selma"s railroad heritage. a. Consider developing a Special Area Plan for Uptown Selma b. Consider promoting more entertainment and restaurant opportunities in Uptown Selma, building on Selma Union Station, the Antique District, the Rudy Theatre and the Ice House. c. Consider participating in the State"s Small Town Main Street Program and promoting Uptown through Main Street techniques B. Land uses in downtown Selma should reflect the wholesome, tasteful, family- oriented, and traditional values which have been common throughout Selma"s history. a. Consider encouraging quality small or national businesses which reflect the cultural and historic heritage of Selma Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 12 Revised 9-29-09 C. Architectural and aesthetic standards which preserve and enhance the identity of downtown Selma should be explored. a. Consider discouraging uses and building designs which do not reflect the cultural and historic heritage of Selma, such as "big box" or large single story buildings, and large areas of paved parking. b. Consider revising Selma"s zoning and development regulations as needed to support high density development in select areas of Uptown to be composed of vertically mixed uses within multistory buildings and design elements such as reduced parking requirements, shared parking and, as appropriate, limited structured parking D. The Town of Selma advocates development in downtown Selma which makes efficient use of space, including the use of mixed use development, where residential and commercial uses coexist harmoniously. E. An extensive effort to market downtown Selma as an attractive place to live, work, and play should be explored, including through such measures as wayfinding, streetscape improvements, bike racks, safe street crossings and signage. F. Amenities, attractions, and other land uses in downtown Selma should be developed in a manner which encourages pedestrian accessibility and other alternative modes of transportation, including rail. G. The development and concentration of public/common access facilities such as parks, a Town Square, and municipal facilities in downtown Selma should be supported. 3. Exit 98 Interchange/East Anderson St. A. A greater density of commercial development at Exit 98 and along E. Anderson St. should be encouraged to draw travelers to Selma from Interstate 95. B. An emphasis should be made to develop E. Anderson St. as a primary gateway to downtown Selma, particularly for visitors traveling south on Interstate 95. C. Efforts to reduce commercial truck traffic on E. Anderson St. should be encouraged. D. Especially due to the high visibility of the E. Anderson St. corridor, land uses which might be considered noxious, deleterious, or otherwise popularly unattractive should be discouraged. 4. US Hwy. 301 N. (North Pollock St.) A. The N. Pollock St. corridor from downtown Selma to the intersection with N. Webb St. should remain a transitional thoroughfare, where low-intensity uses such as single family homes, schools, churches, and a limited number of neighborhood commercial uses are able to thrive. B. Efforts to draw visitors to downtown Selma from adjacent counties and municipalities along Hwy. 301, Hwy. 96, and Hwy. 39 should be supported. C. Improvements such as landscaping and sidewalks which encourage pedestrian access along N. Pollock St. and link to downtown Selma should be considered. 5. US Hwy. 301 S. (South Pollock St.) Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 13 Revised 9-29-09 A. The S. Pollock St. corridor from downtown Selma to the Smithfield town limits should continue to develop as Selma"s primary commercial thoroughfare, where moderate-intensity commercial uses such as retail, restaurants, and offices are able to thrive. B. Improvements such as landscaping and sidewalks which encourage pedestrian access along S. Pollock St. and link to downtown Selma should be considered. C. Where the Selma town limits meet those of Smithfield at Hwy. 301, efforts should be made to distinguish and demarcate the two towns, in a manner which is both complimentary and cooperative. D. Land uses along S. Pollock St. which might be considered popularly unattractive or offensive should be discouraged. E. Architectural and aesthetic standards for commercial development along S. Pollock St. should be considered to ensure a uniform level of visual attractiveness. F. The Town should work cooperatively with the Town of Smithfield, NCDOT, and other stakeholders to ensure that considerations such as traffic congestion and environmental concerns do not substantially impede the flow of traffic to and from Selma, Smithfield, Hwy. 70, and I-95. 6. Exit 97 Interchange A. Because the interchange of Hwy. 70 and I-95 at Exit 97 represents the portion of Selma most visible to the greatest number of travelers and visitors, land uses which might be considered noxious, deleterious, or otherwise popularly unattractive should be discouraged. B. While efforts to attract commerce which caters to travelers should be encouraged, the development of moderately priced to premium restaurants, hotels, and retail are considered particularly valuable and should be pursued. C. Corridors which radiate from the Exit 97 interchange, including Ricks Rd., Industrial Park Dr., and Crocker St., should be improved to provide proper means of access to all of Selma"s attractions and amenities, especially those available in downtown Selma. D. Sign requirements should be adapted and implemented which equitably regulate billboards and other outdoor advertising mechanisms in a way which is both tasteful and provides adequate means of attraction to Selma merchants and businesses. Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 14 Revised 9-29-09 Town of Selma Existing Conditions The purpose of this analysis is to identify existing conditions and plans that affect land use, including existing land use, population, housing, economy, transportation, utilities and natural features, as well as Selma"s vision and strategic plan, and the plans of other localities that affect land use in Selma. This analysis starts with recent vision and strategy documents adopted in Selma, provides an analysis of existing conditions noted above, including relevant plans and programs, then concludes with key planning issues and concerns. General Location and Description The Town of Selma is located in central Johnston County. To the southwest, connected by I-95 and US 301 plus railroad tracks, is Smithfield. To the northwest, connected by US 70 and railroad tracks, is Wilson Mills. To the southeast, connected by US 70A, is Pine Level. Selma is the third largest town in Johnston County, following Clayton and Smithfield. The primary entrances to Selma include North and South Pollock Street (US 301), East and West Anderson Street, River Road, Highway 96, Lizzie Street and West Noble Street. Brief History Johnston County was created in 1746 from Craven County. A Confederate veteran by the name of Col. John W. Sharp came to Johnston County in 1866 seeking consignments of naval stores and cotton for his firm in Norfolk, VA, when he became interested in locating a town at the train station. He struggled with gaining control of land, but succeeded and moved the train station to where it now stands as a part of the Southern freight depot on Railroad Street. The purchased property was then platted by Surveyor Charles Massey and a public sale of lots was held on May 1, 1867. Selma was named after Col. Sharp"s hometown, Selma Alabama. The Town of Selma received its charter on February 11, 1873 from the General Assembly of North Carolina. Captain A. M. Noble was elected as the first mayor and the slogan was, "A Healthy Place to Live." Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 15 Revised 9-29-09 Selma Vision Statement and Strategic Plan 2008 Vision Statement- A destination of choice for those who appreciate a great place to live, work and play. 2008 Selma Strategic Plan- The Selma Strategic Plan (dated May 2008) identifies the Town"s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, identifies Strategic Goals and Objectives, and recommends actions to facilitate achievement of the goals and objectives. Weaknesses and threats discussed in the Strategic Plan included: reputation, appearance; community pride/spirit; communication with town leaders; downtown retail diversity; lack of local job opportunities; housing; stagnant tax base; crime; lack of planning to guide or manage future growth; and, the competition from surrounding communities in attracting growth. Objectives and recommended actions discussed in the Strategic Plan included: creating a Town appearance that appeals to current and potential citizens, businesses and tourists; ensuring a healthy quality of life that equals or exceeds surrounding communities; establishing and maintaining a vibrant business community; developing Selma as a destination; and, restoring and maintaining a high level of community pride and spirit. The results of this Strategic Plan will be incorporated, as needed, into the current Selma Land Use Plan. Land Use Existing Land Use Plan- There is no current long range land use plan for the Town of Selma. Existing land use- The attached map (Selma Proposed Planning Area) shows the proximity of the planning jurisdictions of Selma, Smithfield, Pine Level, Wilson Mills and Micro. Given the closeness of these communities, Selma"s existing growth has been limited to the west, south and southeast. The Town of Selma"s current Zoning Jurisdiction currently contains 13.28 square miles of land. Of that, 4.66 sq. mi. are in the city limits and 8.62 sq mi. are in Selma"s current Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) outside of the city limits. There is another 10.10 sq. mi. in an ETJ area approved by the County Commissioners in 2007 but not yet included in the Town"s official ETJ. The Selma Proposed Planning Area (under this project) totals another 5.41 sq. mi. of land to the north, northeast and northwest. In total, these four planning areas total 28.79 square miles. Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 16 Revised 9-29-09 Table 1: Vacant Land by Selma Zoning District Town Existing ETJ CB-Central Business District 2.30 0.00 GB-General Business District 38.63 208.25 HDR (RHD)-High Density Residential 39.88 155.60 I1-Industrial 1 District 137.24 42.72 I2-Industrial 2 District 626.24 624.90 IHI-Interstate Highway Interchange 26.87 206.66 MDR-Medium Density Residential (RMD) 130.89 109.66 MDRO-Medium Density Residential Overlay District 0.17 4.38 MHP-Mobile Home Park District 1.01 0.01 RA-Residential-Agricultural District 22.69 1542.08 TR-Transitional Residential District 3.07 0.00 Total Vacant 1028.99 2894.26 Total 2981.06 5516.88 Percentage Vacant 34.5% 52.5% An analysis of existing vacant land within Selma (see Table 1) shows approximately 35% of the existing Town Limits and 53% of the existing ETJ as vacant land, with the majority of the vacant land being currently zoned for industrial use. Area Plans that could affect Selma Land Use: The Johnston County Comprehensive Plan encourages growth in and around municipalities and urbanized areas. According to the County Plan, the Town of Selma is in the center of growth corridor that parallels US 70 and US 70 Business, as well as the Southern Railroad, the extends across the center of Johnston County. This corridor is very wide around Clayton, at the western edge of the county, and then narrows to the southeast, around Wilsons Mills, widens again over Smithfield and Selma, and narrows again over Pine Level and Princeton, at the eastern edge of the county. The County Comprehensive Plan designates Selma"s Approved ETJ Area as a Primary Growth Area and Selma"s Proposed Planning Area as a Secondary Growth Area. Only one Neighborhood Commercial Activity Node is planned in Selma"s Planning Area (at the intersection of Live Oak Church Road and NC 96). The nearest Community Activity Center is planned to the south of Pine Level. All of the planned county Regional Activity Centers are located in the Clayton Primary Growth Area. Hazard Mitigation Plan for Johnston County and Benson- recommends that emergency management criteria be included in the Land Use Plan. The Smithfield Future Land Use and Growth Area Maps do not directly address the Town of Selma. However, they show some overlap with the Selma Town Limits and Proposed Planning Area near Wilsons Mills. Except for one parcel designated as Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 17 Revised 9-29-09 Office/Industrial and High Density Residential, the overlapping planning areas as well as other lands abutting the two town"s planning areas are designated for Open Space / Low Density Residential development. Population Growth Selma is located in the Raleigh/Durham metro area. Johnston County is projected to be the second fastest growing county in North Carolina by percentage and fourth in numerical increase by the US Census Bureau. The close proximity and easy commute to Raleigh makes Johnston County a favorite for many residents who work in Raleigh. Residents can easily access Raleigh from I-40 or US 70, both of which are direct routes to the capital city. I-95 also provides access along the east coast of the United States. Approximately 54% of Johnston County workforce lives in the county but work elsewhere, primarily in Wake County, while 30% of the Johnston County workforce lives elsewhere and works in Johnston County. The County has had a steady population increase since 1990 and is expected to increase from 121,900 in 2000 to 283,401 in 2030, a 132% increase. In 2007, Selma had the third largest population in Johnston County (7,168) after Smithfield (12,821) and Clayton (12,908) (see Table 2). Clayton, the Johnston County town closest to the Raleigh/Durham area, experienced the greatest growth of any town in Johnston County during this period, and surpassed Smithfield in population. It is anticipated that this population growth will continue to affect other towns in Johnston County that have good access to the Raleigh/Durham Area, including Selma. As shown in Table 3, the Town of Selma has had an overall population increase of 21.2% (or 2.8% annual average growth rate) between 2000 and 2007. Using growth projections from Johnston County (see Table 3), Selma is projected to increase by an annual rate of 5.1% between 2007 and 2010 and between 2 and 3% annually between 2010 and 2030, to a total population of 13,744 by 2030. Other Selected Demographics: Following are selected population and housing characteristics that appear to be relevant in this Land Use Plan (available only from the last US Census in 2000, since the State of North Carolina does not prepare detailed housing or population estimates or projections for smaller urban areas). In 2000, Selma"s median age (31.2) was lower than Johnston County"s as a whole (34.2). In addition, a larger percentage of Selma"s population was black (45%) than was true of Johnston County as a whole (15.8%). Selma's percentage of owner-occupied housing in 2000 was about 46%, similar to Kenly and Benson, and lower than Smithfield (54%) and Clayton (65%). Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 18 Revised 9-29-09 Table 2: Comparison of Population Growth Rates – 2000-2007 Selma and Other Towns in Johnston County Town 2000 2007 % Change Benson 2,993 3,518 17.54% Clayton 8,126 12,908 58.85% Four Oaks 1,514 1,911 26.22% Kenly 1,675 1,721 16.68% Micro 454 533 17.40% Pine Level 1,319 1,879 42.46% Princeton 1,090 1,256 15.23% Selma 5,914 7,168 21.20% Smithfield 10,867 12,821 17.98% Wilson's Mills 1,296 1,675 29.24% Johnston Co. 121,900 157,296 29.04% Source: US Census Data (www.census.gov) for 2000, NC Department of Commerce for 2007 Table 3: Historic and Project Population Growth in Selma 1990 to 2030 Average Total Overall Percent Annual Growth Year Population Increase Growth Rate 1990 4,600 - - - 2000 5,914 1,314 28.6% 2.6 2007* 7,168 1,254 21.2% 2.8 2010* 8,320 1,152 16.1% 5.1 2020* 10,921 2,601 31.3% 2.8 2030* 13,744 2,823 20.5% 2.3 Sources: US Census (www.census.gov) for 1990 and 2000 *NC Department of Commerce 2007 estimate *2010 through 2030 projections by The Wooten Company based on Johnston County"s growth projections through 2030. Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 19 Revised 9-29-09 Land Use Demand: Selma"s corporate limits in 2007 consisted of 2,981 acres, and its population was 7,168. Using the above population projections and assuming this ratio of 2.4 persons per acre continues, the following demand for land use is projected: Selma Projected Land Use Demand Year Acres 2007 2,981 2010 3,467 2020 4,550 2030 5,727 Source: The Wooten Company. Transportation Major Thoroughfares serving Selma include I-95, US 70, US 70 Bus, US 301, NC 96 and NC 39. Selma is also served by the Southern Railroad line which runs through the downtown area. The downtown area is served by sidewalks, but sidewalks do not extend into outlying areas. Transportation Planning Organizations in the Area: Selma is in the Upper Coastal Plains Rural Planning Organization (UCPRPO), along with eastern Johnston and all of Edgecombe, Nash and Wilson Counties. The transportation planner for the UCPRPO indicated that NCDOT will likely initiate a Comprehensive Transportation Plan for all of Johnston County in the near future. This timing is good, in that it will give Selma time to work on its land use concepts, which drive the need for transportation planning. The area around Clayton (excluding Selma), a part of the I-40 corridor and parts of northern Johnston County are in the Capitol Area Metropolitan Planning Organization. The Draft 2035 Long Range Transportation Plan produced by CAMPO has been developed and is under public review at this time. Passenger Rail Service: North Carolina's Amtrak currently offers 4 trains daily at the Selma Station (500 East Railroad Street) in downtown. Two of the six total Amtrak routes that service North Carolina make stops in Selma, including: Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 20 Revised 9-29-09 Southbound #89 Palmetto - New York to Savannah #79 Carolinian - New York to Charlotte Northbound #90 Palmetto - Savannah to New York #80 Carolinian - Charlotte to New York In May 2001, NCDOT released results of a feasibility study that indicated there is interest in passenger rail service to/from Wilmington. In July 2005, A Southeastern North Carolina Passenger Rail Study was prepared that identified costs and some needed improvements for reestablishing service to southeastern North Carolina. The study recommended implementing passenger rail service from Raleigh to Wilmington via Fayetteville and Goldsboro in phases as funding becomes available. Other recommendations included investigating the possibility of commuter service between Selma and Raleigh, and working with the State Ports to define benefits and investments needed to reestablish freight service between Goldsboro and Wilmington. Natural Features Watersheds: The Town of Selma is entirely within the Neuse River Basin. There are no state protected water supply watersheds in the project planning area. Surface water quality: The topography of the project area is generally flat, with elevations ranging from 230 to 300 feet above sea level. Major surface waters in the project planning area include the Neuse River mainstem. According to the Neuse River Basinwide Water Quality Management Plan (Draft, May 2009) there is no data for the surface waters in the project planning area. Floodplains and wetlands: According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the 100-year floodplain is the area which has a 1% chance of flooding in any year. The floodplain is comprised of the flood fringe and the floodway. The flood fringe is the outer area of the floodplain that, if developed, would raise the base elevation of the 100-year flood by one foot. The floodway is the area inside the flood fringe. It should be noted that not all wetlands are located within floodway or floodway fringe areas and not all floodplains are considered to be wetlands. In addition to areas mapped by FEMA as floodplains, those areas identified as potentially wetlands by the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) will be mapped in the Selma Planning Area when developing the Future Land Use Plan map. Endangered species habitat: No endangered species habitats are identified in the Benson area. One North Carolina Naturally: One NC Naturally (as part of DENR) has evaluated open space and conservation lands, biodiversity/wildlife habitat, important forestlands, Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 21 Revised 9-29-09 threatened and viable agricultural land across the state. This on-line geographic database also includes a water services assessment. The results of that evaluation for the Selma area (included as follows) will be used in developing the land use designation for the Future Land Use Map: Open Space and conservation lands- no parks or other conservation areas owned by others were found in the Town of Selma or the surrounding planning area. Biodiversity/Wildlife Habitat- The area on both sides of the Neuse River and its tributaries are classified as having medium to high conservation values for biodiversity and wildlife habitat. Threatened Farmland- There are a few important farmland areas immediately to the north and northwest of the Town of Selma that have low to medium threat from urbanization. The highest value areas with the highest level of threat are to the north, and outside of, the proposed Selma Planning Area. Important Forestland- Important forestlands are concentrated along the Neuse River and its tributaries, as well as Buffalo Creek. Natural Heritage sites- Two Significant Natural Heritage areas are located in or near Selma – Selma Heath Bluffs (privately owned) has small examples of Piedmont/Coastal Plain Heath Bluffs natural communities. The Heath Bluff community is one of the best of in the region. Here dense stands of Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense) are mixed with the more widespread mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia). Selma Pine Flatwoods (privately owned) is a large flat area of poorly- drained land. Much is a comprised of a Wet Pine Flatwood natural community a Mesic Pine Flatwood community, where longleaf pine is common. Part of the area is a savanna with excellent species diversity. Several types of milkweeds (Asclepias sp.) and other rare species are found here. Related Open Space and Working Lands Initiatives: The Johnston Soil and Water Conservation District Voluntary Agricultural District (VAD) Program allows farmers to request that their land be designated as a VAD. Membership in the VAD requires a voluntary, non-binding Conservation agreement between the county and the landowner that prohibits non-farm use or development of such land for a period of 10 years, except for the creation of not more than three lots that meet applicable county zoning and subdivision regulations. Over 8,000 acres are included in VADs in Johnston County as of January 2009. Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 22 Revised 9-29-09 The Johnston County Farmland Preservation Program, being created by the Johnston County Cooperative Extension, will provide tools for farmers to stay in farming. The Johnston County Natural Resource Initiative is a being developed by the NC Division of Forest Resources. It began in March 2009 and is intended to develop and promote strategies for conservation of natural resources through a network of farms, forests, and open space within Johnston County. It is designed to build upon the Mountains-to-Sea Trail Master Plan for Johnston County, the Green Infrastructure initiative, an urban tree canopy analysis for Clayton, Smithfield and Selma, and the Triangle Regional Greenprint prepared by the Triangle "J" Council of Governments. The initiative is being coordinated by the NC Forest Service, Urban and Community Forestry Program, USDA. Results of the Natural Resources Initiative will be useful to the Selma Land Use Plan, especially the identification and prioritization of parcels for open space and natural resource preservation. Historic Properties The North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office lists five properties in the Selma area as being listed on the National Register of Historic Properties. These are the: 1. Noah Edward Edgerton House 2. Nowell-Mayerburg-Oliver House 3. William E. Smith House 4. Everitt P. Stevens House 5. Union Station The Noah Edward Edgerton House, 301 West Railroad Street, was built in 1896, and is a prime example of the Queen Anne style which was popular in the 1890"s. This is a two story, frame house situated on a large, treed lot. The ornately detailed front porch is in the Eastlake style and is a unique example of that style in Selma. The house has a traditional center hall plan with finely executed interior woodwork on the main stair and primary mantels. It is significant because it is a prime Queen Anne style residence and it was build by Noah Edward Edgerton, who was the first depot agent for the Atlantic Coastline railroad and a prominent figure in the economic, political and social life of Selma from 1886- 1919. The Nowell-Mayerburg-Oliver House, 312 West Anderson Street, was built shortly after 1911, and is a prime example of the late Queen Anne Style combined with Neo- Classical details. It is a large two story, white frame house designed by Albert Atkinson, a Johnston County native who moved to and practiced in Washington, DC architect. The overall massing is typical of Queen Anne buildings. The square main block of the house is expanded by gabled projecting bays and a three-story octagonal tower which contains the main stair. A wrap-around porch with Ionic columns completes the three principal elevations. Several rear additions have been made to the buildings in the mid- 1920"s which house a new kitchen and pantry. The house has several integral Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 23 Revised 9-29-09 outbuildings which include a garage and a small bungalow-style summer house. The main house and garage are connected by an open pergola and fence. The house has finely crafted interior woodwork, including three hand-carved mantels and a fine open string stir. An unusual feature of the building is the built-in window seat within the corner turret. Mr. R.M. Nowell was Johnston County Sheriff during the time that the house was constructed. Dr Israel W. Mayerburg bought the house in 1915, and he sold it to Dr. Robert D. Oliver in 1941, a prominent Selma MD from 1939 to his retirement in 1974. The William E. Smith House, 309 West Railroad Street, was enlarged from a modest one-story cottage around 1912. It is two-story residence and is an imposing example of the Neo-Classical style two-story residence. The front elevation is dominated by an imposing pediments portico supported by giant Ionic columns. The overall symmetrical massing and the Ionic pedimented portico are hallmarks of this style which replaced the picturesque Queen Anne style. William E. Smith was the owner of the W.E. Smith and Company Clothing and Millinery Store and the president of the Bank of Selma when it became The First National Bank of Selma in 1915. The Everitt P. Stevens House, located at the intersection of SR 1003 and SR 1934 is a traditional vernacular farmhouse built around 1850. The white frame house has elements of the Greek Revival Style, which was popular during the ante-bellum period. The Stevens house is the only surviving example of an ante-bellum farmhouse within Selma. The house served an important role at the end of the Civil War. After the confederate defeat at the Battle of Bentonville (March 19-21, 1865), the confederate army re-assembled around the grounds of the house where the last Grand Review of the army was held on April 6, 1865. Generals Hardee and Johnston and Governor Vance attended the Review. Union Station, located on East Railroad Street at the intersection of the Seaboard Coastline and Southern Railroads was opened for passenger use on July 19, 1924. The building is a one-story, gable-roofed brick structure that was designed by A. M. Griffin, the staff architect of the Atlantic Coastline (now Seaboard Coastline) railroad. Since the building originally served two railroads, a pragmatic and rational solution was used in its design. A V- plan was employed, allowing for sheltered access to both sets of tracks. At the intersection of the V is a two-story control tower and telegraph office. The founding of Selma was determined by the location of the railroad and the early growth of the town relied on the railroad. Union Station was built as a replacement for an inadequate wood frame structure during a prosperous period in Selma"s history. Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 24 Revised 9-29-09 Community Facilities Analysis Water and Wastewater Services: Selma owns a water treatment plant and the water lines that service approximately 5,900 Town residents annually (Selma Local Water Supply Plan for DWR, 2002). This plant uses groundwater from several wells around town and has a permitted capacity of 1.0 MGD with a finished storage capacity of 0.700 MGD. Average daily use varies from 0.605 (Dec) to 0.675 (Aug). To supplement the town"s water needs, Selma also purchases, on average, 0.075 MGD daily from Johnston County, which uses water from the Neuse River. Selma"s residents get their sewer service from Johnston County sewer service or on- site septic systems. In 2002 Selma"s residents had 2,334 sewer connections totally 0.831 MGD average daily flow in addition to 88 individual on-site septic systems. The Town has a long-standing agreement with Johnston County to purchase water capacity as needed. The Town of Smithfield is another potential source of water supply. What Makes Selma Unique? Train Depot: The Selma-Smithfield Amtrak Station, located in Selma, North Carolina, was previously known as the Selma Union Depot and is served by two Amtrak passenger trains, the Palmetto and Carolinian. The street address is 500 East Railroad Street, and is located in the heart of historic downtown Selma. The station was originally built in 1924 by the Atlantic Coast Line and Southern Railroads, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. A major restoration project took place in 2002. The old freight house is located to the west of the station on Railroad Street and South Webb Avenue. A maintenance shed is located to the north. Two tracks exist along the east side of the station, another one exists along the south side, and the fourth is a section of curved track behind the station that connects two of the tracks. Three platforms exist at the station, one of which is along the curved track. Antique District: The Selma Antique District is located along Raiford Street. Years ago Selma leaders decided to revitalize its downtown by attracting antique dealers, arts, restaurants, entertainment and specialty retail. This dramatically changed downtown Selma. The streets are full of antique shoppers and visitors to the American Music Jubilee Theatre every weekend. There are over 100,000 square feet of antique shops and malls all within walking distance of each other on a 1950s streetscape. Antique dealers work cooperatively to Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 25 Revised 9-29-09 market Selma as a destination and they host the annual East Coast Antique Show and Sale every October with dealers lining the streets, food vendors and entertainment. Entertainment: The American Music Jubilee and Rudy Theatre are located on N Raiford St. This venue provides an evening of "Southern hospitality, great American music and side-splitting comedy" delights audiences every weekend in Selma. This Branson-style production entertains visitors and motorcoach groups from New York to Miami with musical delights from 50s rock "n" roll to classic and contemporary country, spectacular gospel and a stirring patriotic tribute. The ever-popular Christmas Show starts early November and runs through the week of Christmas. Key Planning Issues and Concerns The growth potential of Selma will continue to increase as a result of its transportation access, growth in the Raleigh/Durham area and implementation of the recommendations in the Strategic Plan. The completion of the Clayton Bypass and continuing improvements of the rail line to Raleigh (designed to achieve a maximum train operating speed from 59 mph to 79 mph) make Selma more accessible to Raleigh and the Raleigh/Durham area. Growth will come to the area. The challenge to the Town of Selma is to ensure that it attracts the type of growth that it wants, and that the Town has development regulations in place to ensure that new development is quality development. Selma"s Strategic Plan indicates that it has a perception problem that is less than favorable. This Land Use Plan can address the land use aspects of that perception problem. First, the entranceways to Selma should make a positive impression upon the person traveling into the Town. This would require a concerted effort by the Town to improve the visual quality of entrances into and commercial corridors within Selma. It would include improvements to right-of-way landscaping and signage, increased code enforcement for existing development and appropriate design standards for new developments. As the major destination of many people, the Uptown Selma area is a very attractive and vital area. The remodeled (2002) train depot, the antique district and the Rudy Theatre and the Ice House, which could serve as the hub of an entertainment district, provide a good starting point for improvements to uptown Selma. Improvements to the potential of Uptown Selma could include create a Town Commons area behind Town Hall, linking destinations by sidewalks and provide way-finding signs. Selma should also continue and expand the community events held in Selma, including a "singing on the green" at the Town Commons. Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 26 Revised 9-29-09 There is a concern about the percentage of renter-occupied housing in Selma, which is higher than surrounding towns. People in the community have expressed a concern that this prevalence of renter-occupied housing results in less pride in homes and a transient population. There is a concern that Selma does not have sufficient development of new subdivisions for home ownership. Demand for such housing is in many cases a function of a community"s amenities to its residents, such as parks connected by pedestrian and bikeway trails and community activities and events. There is also a concern about the availability of employment opportunities in the Town. The Town has existing industrial development and a substantial amount of land already zoned for future industrial uses. The challenge in this Land Use Plan will be to further define the types of industrial uses that are most appropriate in these prezoned areas and provide recommendations on how best to update the development ordinances to effectively control these uses without a required rezoning application. Growth Issues The following growth issues will be evaluated in the Land Use Plan: Identify the optimum population density for Selma and ensure that development regulations are in line with that density. Increase the available stock of single-family ownership housing Improve the quality of rental housing Promote economic development and job opportunities, including a strong partnership with the Johnston County Economic Development Commission. Identify businesses that should be proactively recruited, Identify areas for industrial development, ensure that appropriate infrastructure serves those sites, and market them Build on Selma"s transportation accessibility by roads and rails. Selma is located midway between New York and Florida, so it is a logical place for I-95 travelers to take a break Potential conflicts between the tank farm and surrounding land uses Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 27 Revised 9-29-09 Miscellaneous Data / Statistics Table A - Commuting Patterns – Persons Residing in Johnston County Number of County of Residence Workplace Commuters Total by Percent Johnston County Wake County 23,628 74.6% Johnston County Durham County 1,645 5.2% Johnston County Harnett County 1,399 4.4% Johnston County Wayne County 1,142 3.6% Johnston County Wilson County 1,051 3.3% Johnston County Cumberland County 422 1.3% Johnston County Nash County 307 1.0% Johnston County Orange County 246 0.8% Johnston County Sampson County 200 0.7% Johnston County Lee County 187 0.6% Johnston County Chatham County 124 0.4% Johnston County Granville County 107 0.3% Johnston County Other Counties/States 1,215 3.8% Table B - Commuting Patterns – Persons Working In Johnston County Number of County of Residence Workplace Commuters Total by Percent Wake County Johnston County 4,050 34.7% Wayne County Johnston County 2,007 17.2% Harnett County Johnston County 1,521 13.0% Sampson County Johnston County 851 7.3% Wilson County Johnston County 749 6.4% Durham County Johnston County 409 3.5% Cumberland County Johnston County 352 3.0% Franklin County Johnston County 282 2.4% Nash County Johnston County 210 1.8% Orange County Johnston County 105 0.9% Pitt County Johnston County 103 0.9% Granville County Johnston County 82 0.7% Other Counties/States Johnston County 939 8.1% Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 28 Revised 9-29-09 Table C - Workforce by Industry in Johnston County – 2nd Quarter 2008 Johnston North Carolina Avg. Avg. Avg. # Weekly Avg. # Weekly Industry Emp. % Total Wage Emp. % Total Wage Total Government 2,547 3.1% $652 692,255 8.5% $885.33 Total Private Industry 35,618 43.2% $663 3,390,915 41.5% $726.00 Total All Industries 44,363 53.7 $666 4,083,170 50.0% $734.95 Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing/Hunting 604 1.6% $401 28,866 0.7% $517.43 Mining 59 0.2% $692 3,845 0.1% $873.81 Utilities 108 0.3% $1,348 13,964 0.3% $1,621.11 Construction 4,285 11.2% $594 240,882 5.9% $751.27 Manufacturing 6,739 17.7% $1,311 520,344 12.8% $894.16 Wholesale Trade 1,827 4.8% $850 182,335 4.5% $1,050.75 Retail Trade 6,237 16.3% $414 468,642 11.5% $464.22 Transportation/Warehousing 1,392 3.6% $813 136,612 3.3% $795.13 Information 398 1.0% $592 73,801 1.8% $1,053.90 Finance/Insurance 709 1.9% $861 154,592 3.8% $1,169.76 Real Estate/Rental/Leasing 354 0.9% $477 55,134 1.4% $675.43 Professional/Technical Services 1,052 2.8% $735 191,741 4.7% $1,116.01 Management of Companies and Enterprises 179 0.5% $1,022 72,216 1.8% $1,427.86 Administrative/Waste Services 2,425 6.4% $430 244,709 6.0% $525.87 Educational Services 145 0.4% $365 378,913 9.3% $720.92 Health Care/Social Assistance 3,522 9.2% $545 545,101 13.4% $746.01 Arts/Entertainment/Recreation 237 0.6% $218 60,338 1.5% $550.58 Accommodation/Food Services 4,188 11.0% $240 352,618 8.6% $263.16 Other Services (Excluding Public Admin.) 1,097 2.9% $445 105,580 2.6% $485.15 Public Administration 2,347 6.1% $639 235,659 5.8% $783.15 Unclassified 262 0.7% $581 14,729 0.5% $892.26 Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 29 Revised 9-29-09 Table D - Top 10 Largest Employers in Johnston County – 2008 Number of Company Industry Employess Johnston County Schools Educational & Health Services 1,000+ Talecris Biotherapeutics Inc Manufacturing 1,000+ Johnston Memorial Hospital Authority Educational & Health Services 1,000+ County Of Johnston Public Administration 500-999 Trade, Transportation & Wal-Mart Associates Inc Utilities 500-999 Professional & Business Asplundh Tree Expert Co Services 500-999 Caterpillar Inc Manufacturing 500-999 Bayer Manufacturing 500-999 Trade, Transportation & Food Lion LLC Utilities 250-499 Precisionaire of North Carolina Manufacturing 250-499 Source: NC Employment Security Commission (http://www.ncesc.com) Table E - Industry Employment Projections for the Capital Area WDB 2006-2016 Total Total Employment Employment Growth Major Industry Group 2006 2016 Rate Construction 35720 49390 3.3% Education and Health Services 85950 116710 3.1% Financial Activities 24310 26840 1.0% Goods- Producing 67360 80440 1.8% Government 40890 46840 1.4% Information 15430 16530 0.7% Leisure and Hospitality 43,780 54,390 2.2 Manufacturing 29,750 29,690 0 Natural Resources and Mining 1,890 1,360 -3.2 Other Services (Except Government) 21,160 27,290 2.6 Professional and Business Services 81,750 110,090 3 Services-Providing 402,810 501,650 2.2 Trade, Transportation, and Utilities 89,540 102,960 1.4 Source: NC Employment Security Commission (http://www.ncesc.com) Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 30 Revised 9-29-09 Table F - Johnston County Farm Cash Receipts 2002-2007 Cash Receipts 2007 2002 % Change Livestock, Dairy, & Poultry $114,143,000 $66,679,000 71% Crops $88,810,000 $78,834,000 13% Government Payments $4,358,000 $2,059,000 112% Total Agricultural Receipts $207,311,000 $147,572,000 40% Source: NC Department of Agriculture (http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/) Table G - Top 5 Crops for Johnston County 2007 Crops Harvest Acres Production Rank Corn for grain (bushels) 12,335 760,837 29 Forage (land used for all hay) (tons, dry) 10,742 20,569 27 Soybeans for beans (bushels) 53,028 718,850 3 Tobacco (pounds) 11,232 26,219,125 1 Vegetables harvested, all 10,191 * 3 Source: NC Department of Agriculture (http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/) Table H - Top Livestock Inventory for Johnston County 2007 Livestock Number State Rank (100 Counties) Broilers and other meat-type chickens 1,935,550 20 Turkeys 306,717 12 Hogs and pigs 205,995 12 Layers 54,568 31 Source: NC Department of Agriculture (http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/) Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 31 Revised 9-29-09 Graph a - Total Number of Farms (1992-2007) – Johnston County 1,450 1,400 1,350 1,300 1,250 Selma 1,200 1,150 1,100 1,050 1,000 1992 1997 2002 2007 Selma 1,406 1,216 1,144 1,245 Source: NC Department of Agriculture (http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/) Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 32 Revised 9-29-09 Graph b - Total Number of Acres in Farms (1992-2007) – Johnston County 240000 230000 220000 210000 Selma 200000 190000 180000 170000 1992 1997 2002 2007 Selma 230402 211011 194211 194090 Source: NC Department of Agriculture (http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/) APPROVED BY TOWN COUNCIL 9-28-09 Draft Selma Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 33 Revised 9-29-09