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Arcata, California
For population 25 years and over in Arcata:
For population 15 years and over in Arcata city:
1,230 residents are foreign born (1.7% Europe, 1.1% Asia, 0.9% Latin America).
Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2012: $1,875 (0.5%)
Nearest city with pop. 50,000+: Redding, CA (92.1 miles , pop. 80,865).
Nearest city with pop. 200,000+: Sacramento, CA (212.2 miles , pop. 407,018).
Nearest city with pop. 1,000,000+: Los Angeles, CA (564.0 miles , pop. 3,694,820).
Nearest cities: Indianola, CA (2.0 miles ), Manila, CA (2.1 miles ), Blue Lake, CA (2.2 miles ), McKinleyville, CA (2.3 miles ), Myrtletown, CA (2.5 miles ), Samoa, CA (2.6 miles ), Fieldbrook, CA (2.6 miles ), Eureka, CA (2.7 miles ).
Single-family new house construction building permits:
Number of permits per 10,000 residents
Average cost (in $1000s)
Latitude: 40.87 N, Longitude: 124.08 W
Daytime population change due to commuting: +3,285 (+18.9%)
Area code: 707
City-data.com crime rate counts serious crimes more heavily. It adjusts for the number of visitors and daily workers commuting into cities.
(click on a table row to update graph)
Crime rate in Arcata detailed stats: murders, rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, thefts, arson
Full-time law enforcement employees in 2012, including police officers: 36 (26 officers).
Arcata, California accommodation, waste management, arts - Economy and Business DataUnemployment in July 2013:
Unemployment by year (%)
Historical population
Historical housing units
Population change in the 1990s: +988 (+6.3%).
Work and jobs in Arcata: detailed stats about occupations, industries, unemployment, workers, commute
Average climate in Arcata, California
Based on data reported by over 4,000 weather stations
Earthquake activity:Arcata-area historical earthquake activity is near California state average. It is 1590% greater than the overall U.S. average.
On 1/31/1922 at 13:17:28, a magnitude 7.6 (7.6 UK, Class: Major, Intensity: VIII - XII) earthquake occurred 77.9 miles away from the city center
On 11/8/1980 at 10:27:34, a magnitude 7.2 (6.2 MB, 7.2 MS, 7.2 MW, 7.0 ML) earthquake occurred 19.9 miles away from Arcata center
On 4/25/1992 at 18:06:04, a magnitude 7.2 (6.3 MB, 7.1 MS, 7.2 MW, 7.1 MW, Depth: 9.4 mi) earthquake occurred 36.2 miles away from the city center, causing $75,000,000 total damage
On 1/22/1923 at 09:04:18, a magnitude 7.2 (7.2 UK) earthquake occurred 70.4 miles away from the city center
On 9/1/1994 at 15:15:53, a magnitude 7.1 (6.6 MB, 7.0 MS, 7.1 MW, 6.8 ML, Depth: 6.2 mi) earthquake occurred 95.2 miles away from Arcata center
On 8/17/1991 at 22:17:14, a magnitude 7.1 (6.2 MB, 7.1 MS, 7.1 MW, 6.8 ML, Depth: 8.4 mi) earthquake occurred 98.8 miles away from the city center
Magnitude types: body-wave magnitude (MB), local magnitude (ML), surface-wave magnitude (MS), moment magnitude (MW)
Natural disasters:The number of natural disasters in Humboldt County (15) is greater than the US average (12).
Major Disasters (Presidential) Declared: 13
Emergencies Declared: 2
Causes of natural disasters: Floods: 12, Storms: 8, Landslides: 4, Winter Storms: 4, Mudslides: 2, Heavy Rain: 1, Storm: 1, Tornado: 1, Fire: 1, Flood: 1, Hurricane: 1 (Note: Some incidents may be assigned to more than one category).
Birthplace of: Christa Johnson - Professional golfer, Don Durdan - Player of football, James Allen Taylor - Army Medal of Honor recipient, Naomi Lang - Ice dancer, Nate Quarry - Martial artist, Willi Unsoeld - Mountaineer, Garth Iorg - Baseball player and coach, Amanda Loncar - Actor, Gary Wilson (1990s pitcher) - Baseball player, Joe Gates - College basketball player (Mt. St. Marys Mountaineers).
Medal of Honor Recipient born in Arcata: James Allen Taylor.
Hospitals/medical centers in Arcata:
Other hospitals/medical centers near Arcata:
Political contributions by individuals in Arcata, CA
Amtrak station:ARCATA (F ST. BETWEEN 7TH & 8TH STS.) - Bus Station . Services: fully wheelchair accessible, enclosed waiting area, public restrooms, public payphones, free short-term parking, call for taxi service, public transit connection.
Local government website: ARCATACITYHALL.ORG
College/University in Arcata:
Other colleges/universities with over 2000 students near Arcata:
Public high schools in Arcata:
Public elementary/middle schools in Arcata:
See full list of schools located in Arcata, map of school districts: ARCATA ELEMENTARY, PACIFIC UNION ELEMENTARY, NORTHERN HUMBOLDT UNION HIGH
Private elementary/middle schools in Arcata:
(lower is better)
Air Quality Index (AQI)
Particulate Matter (PM10) [µ/m3] level in 2010 was 17.6. This is better than average. Closest monitor was 4.9 miles away from the city center.
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) [µ/m3] level in 2010 was 6.89. This is better than average. Closest monitor was 6.4 miles away from the city center.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) [ppm] level in 2010 was 0.309. This is about average. Closest monitor was 7.4 miles away from the city center.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) [ppb] level in 2010 was 0.197. This is significantly better than average. Closest monitor was 8.3 miles away from the city center.
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) [ppb] level in 2010 was 2.93. This is significantly better than average. Closest monitor was 8.3 miles away from the city center.
Ozone [ppb] level in 2010 was 21.3. This is better than average. Closest monitor was 8.3 miles away from the city center.
Drinking water stations with addresses in Arcata that have no violations reported:
Percentage of residents living in poverty in 2012: 33.7%
(32.3% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 48.8% for Black residents, 28.2% for Hispanic or Latino residents, 55.1% for American Indian residents, 100.0% for Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander residents, 42.1% for other race residents, 33.7% for two or more races residents)
Average household size:
Percentage of family households:
Percentage of households with unmarried partners:
Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households)
Detailed information about poverty and poor residents in Arcata, CA
People in group quarters in Arcata in 2010:
People in group quarters in Arcata in 2000:
Arcata compared to California state average:
Banks with branches in Arcata (2011 data):
Fire-safe hotels and motels in Arcata, California:
Educational Attainment (%) in 2012
School Enrollment by Level of School (%) in 2012
Most commonly used house heating fuel:
Presidential Elections Results
1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
1996 Presidential Elections Results
2000 Presidential Elections Results
2004 Presidential Elections Results
2008 Presidential Elections Results
2012 Presidential Elections Results
Graphs represent county-level data. Detailed 2008 Election Results
Religion statistics for Arcata city (based on Humboldt County data)Percentage of population affiliated with a religious congregations: 37.11%
Breakdown of population affiliated with a religious congregations
Tables represent county-level data.
Food Environment Statistics:
Number of grocery stores: 46
Number of supercenters and club stores: 1
Number of convenience stores (no gas): 6
Number of convenience stores (with gas): 47
Number of full-service restaurants: 128
Adult diabetes rate:
Adult obesity rate:
Low-income preschool obesity rate:
Arcata government finances - Expenditure in 2002 (per resident):
Arcata government finances - Revenue in 2002 (per resident):
Arcata government finances - Debt in 2002 (per resident):
Arcata government finances - Cash and Securities in 2002 (per resident):
6.08% of this county's 2006 resident taxpayers lived in other counties in 2005 ($30,952 average adjusted gross income)
0.07% of residents moved from foreign countries ($227 average AGI)
Top counties from which taxpayers relocated into this county between 2005 and 2006:
6.58% of this county's 2005 resident taxpayers moved to other counties in 2006 ($30,468 average adjusted gross income)
0.06% of residents moved to foreign countries ($254 average AGI)
Top counties to which taxpayers relocated from this county between 2005 and 2006:
Strongest AM radio stations in Arcata:
Strongest FM radio stations in Arcata:
TV broadcast stations around Arcata:
Fatal accident count (per 100,000 population)
See more detailed statistics of Arcata fatal car crashes and road traffic accidents for 1975 - 2011 here
National Bridge Inventory (NBI) Statistics
Number of bridges: 29
Total length: 195 meters (640ft)
Total costs: $5,509,000
Total average daily traffic: 462,299
Total average daily truck traffic: 37,025
New bridges - Historical Statistics
FCC Registered Cell Phone Towers: 1 (See the full list of FCC Registered Cell Phone Towers in Arcata)
FCC Registered Antenna Towers: 13 (See the full list of FCC Registered Antenna Towers)
FCC Registered Private Land Mobile Towers: 18 (See the full list of FCC Registered Private Land Mobile Towers in Arcata, CA)
FCC Registered Broadcast Land Mobile Towers: 1 (See the full list of FCC Registered Broadcast Land Mobile Towers)
FCC Registered Microwave Towers: 13 (See the full list of FCC Registered Microwave Towers in this town)
FCC Registered Maritime Coast & Aviation Ground Towers: 5 (See the full list of FCC Registered Maritime Coast & Aviation Ground Towers)
FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses: 121 (See the full list of FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses in Arcata)
FAA Registered Aircraft: 24 (See the full list of FAA Registered Aircraft in Arcata)
2006 National Fire Incident Reporting System Incidents:
Incident types - Arcata
See full 2006 National Fire Incident Reporting System statistics for Arcata, CA
Arcata on our top lists:
Total of 7 patent applications in 2008-2014.
Back to Arcata, CA housing info, Humboldt County, California, CA smaller cities, CA small cities, All Cities.


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Organisers keeping their fingers crossed because of "delicate situation"
Bibliophiles may not be able to purchase books of their favourite Pakistani authors like Urdu short story writer Saadat Hasan Manto at the nine-day-long "Delhi Book Fair" which opens at Pragati Maidan here on August 23 because "book publishers from the neighbouring country are facing visa problem".
Speaking to The Hindu, Federation of Indian Publishers' spokesperson Sudhir Malhotra said: "Though FIP, as organiser of this book fair, has made all efforts to ensure that Pakistan participates along with other countries like China, the United States and Iran, we are non-committal over participation of Pakistan."
Two publishers, who have been participating in this book fair since its inception, have not got visas so far. "But others from countries like China have got visa clearance. We are keeping our fingers crossed because it is a delicate situation."
On Friday, Vishwa Hindu Parishad vandalised an exhibition in Ahmedabad in which the art works of Pakistani artists were on display.
The right wing fundamentalist group has been active in disrupting events in which Pakistani artists are participating ever since the skirmish on the Indo-Pak border resulted in the killing of five Indian soldiers. Another casualty was a concert by noted Sufi and folk singer from Pakistan Sanam Marvi which was cancelled at the eleventh hour at India Habitat Centre on August 8 even though the singer had arrived in Delhi.
According to heritage activist Firoz Bakht Ahmed, who has been reading Urdu books of Pakistani authors, said: "Urdu books sell like hot cakes at the Delhi Book Fair. So this year it will be a disappointment. Indian readers are keen to go through the works of Sadaat Hasan Manto, Kishwar Naheed and Fazle Haq Qureshi."
This year, the theme of the fair will be "Libraries andReadership"which will dwell on the role of libraries in the growth of readership. Public libraries have a central role in propagating the book reading habit. The National Knowledge Commission, set up by the Prime Minister, in its report to the nation made recommendations on libraries and in pursuance of this, a National Mission on Libraries has been set up. Steps are being taken by the NML for improvement in the library sector including up-gradation of the existing public libraries, school and college libraries and use of school libraries as community libraries."
Pointing out that 40,000 public libraries exist across the country, Mr. Malhotra said these are being underutilised. "So this year, we will encourage bookworms to visit these libraries. To create interest in these libraries, we must have book related events like authors meet and such lively activities."
This year, the fair will see the participation of Raja Ram Mohan Roy Library Foundation, which is supporting a network of 30,000 libraries in different States, and National Library Kolkata.

subset: commoncrawl


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Why We Can't Look Away From Channing Tatum's Face
Tatum is a former "Sexiest Man Alive," but he's not handsome, at least not exactly. His face charms through blunt force. And there might not be another one in contemporary Hollywood as powerful.
Tatum is a former "Sexiest Man Alive," but he's not handsome, at least not exactly. His face charms through blunt force. And there might not be another one in contemporary Hollywood as powerful.
Anne Helen Petersen a week ago 109 responses
Though he doesn't look too thrilled to have his picture taken during it.
Whitney Jefferson 2 weeks ago 112 responses
Une personne, trois visages.
Omar Villegas 3 weeks ago 19 responses
Sexual Orientation: Channing Tatum wearing sweatpants.
Sarah Karlan 3 weeks ago 166 responses
~The Life And Times Of Mr. Magic Mike~
Whitney Jefferson 4 weeks ago 78 responses
Steve Carell who?
Alison Willmore a month ago 41 responses
How much of the chilling movie about an heir to one of the wealthiest families in America and the wrestler brothers he took under his wing is based in reality? Warning: ALL OF THE SPOILERS AHEAD!
Emily Orley a month ago 23 responses
Magic Mike XXL is happening, people! Mild spoilers ahead.
Whitney Jefferson 2 months ago 165 responses
You know, if you have some free time.
Kristin Harris 2 months ago 59 responses
The author or A Walk To Remember, The Notebook, and dozens of other sweeping romances talked to BuzzFeed about the movie scenes of which he's proudest.
Jarett Wieselman 3 months ago 123 responses
Don't sleep on the new d*ck graze craze.
Allison Bagg 3 months ago 326 responses
Being stubborn is not your only quality.
Alejandro Alba 4 months ago 262 responses
1. You never knew a day could be so great.
Katie Heaney 4 months ago 147 responses
Avec un peu de boue, c'est encore mieux.
Katie Heaney 4 months ago 5 responses
Just throw a little mud on and you're set.
Katie Heaney 5 months ago 203 responses
Just some food for thought.
Lauren Yapalater 5 months ago 176 responses
Steve Carrell, Mark Ruffalo, and Channing Tatum star in the tragic true story of wrestling, patriotism, and murder. And this teaser will haunt you.
Alison Willmore 5 months ago 70 responses
An estimated $60 million debut places the sequel among the top three live-action comedies of the last 10 years.
Adam B. Vary 6 months ago 55 responses
With movies like Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, The LEGO Movie, 21 Jump Street and its self-aware sequel, directors Phil Lord and Christopher Miller have charted the most creative and unlikely career path in Hollywood — all because they have each other.
Adam B. Vary 6 months ago 60 responses
Guess who lost…
Emily Hennen 6 months ago 57 responses


text:
If you enjoy creating imaginative objects, tinkering, and curious about how things work, then this is the engineering camp for you! Nature has a lot to teach us about construction. Take a look at the mysterious skills animals and insects use to build their home and trap their food. Campers will enjoy a series of challenge based activities, such as stream restoration, doodle bug design, and one very special activity that we will keep a secret for now.
Registration information: Registration required. Please visit the Summer Camp Frequently Asked Questions [2] page for more information.
If you have questions, please contact Laura Dameron [3] at 919.707.9889


text:
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This poster is basically designed on three concepts: GET OUT, GET OUT THE VOTE, IT IS TIME TO CHANGE.
By downloading this poster/video, you agree to use it in its entirety, unaltered and not for commercial purposes of any kind; any reproduction of it must include full credit to the designer and AIGA Get Out the Vote. Any variation from this policy must be documented in writing from the designer and AIGA.
This entry is part of the 2012 AIGA Get Out the Vote Initiative
12 Recommendations
AIGA's Get Out the Vote campaign invites designers to create nonpartisan
posters and videos that inspire the American public to participate in
the electoral process and vote in the 2012 general election.
Section: Why Design -
Design for Democracy, posters, election design
8 Recommendations
Design for Democracy applies design tools to increase civic participation by making interactions between the U.S. government and its citizens clear.
Section: Why Design -
Design for Democracy, election design, students
1 Recommendation
Since 2000, Design for Democracy's ballot and election design project has worked to make voting easier and more accurate for all U.S. citizens.
This is your wake up call. We're asking you to stop. Take notice. Be present. Unplug from your digital device long enough to engage with your surroundings. In a world that is so connected, we've become isolated. Everything is more important then the who/what/where
right in front of you.
Section: Why Design -
graphic design, print design, social issues, students
Through "INitiative," a program created by AIGA and The Creative
Group (TCG) to support in-house designers, AIGA chapters host local in-house design events across the country.
Section: Tools and Resources -
Measure Me Stick
Studio 1 a.m.
Haydee Gusler
Washington, DC
Tasty new piece of identity design from HelloMe
Posted by James Cartwright
2 days ago from
It's Nice That


text:
The Honorable American Flag Will Fly
Sales of American flags have increased as the 9/11 anniversary draws near. These flags are a symbol to unite beneath, to honor America and our… Read More
Sales of American flags have increased as the 9/11 anniversary draws near. These flags are a symbol to unite beneath, to honor America and our… Read More
Earlier this week, Vice President Joe Biden unnecessarily acknowledged and condoned communist China's one-child-only policy in a speech to Chinese leaders while visiting the country… Read More
Please join us today at 3 PM ET for a live chat on Homeland Security 4.0. We will be joined by Dr. James J. Carafano… Read More
Next month, America will honor the anniversary of September 11, 2001, when terrorists killed nearly 3,000 of our fellow citizens. In the days after 9/11,… Read More
City leaders in San Francisco have launched an attack on local pregnancy care centers, alleging that they engage in false advertising by leading women to… Read More
A new study says the growing practice of tele-medicine abortions, in which women are prescribed abortion-inducing medications without having a physician present, is "safe and… Read More
Customs Border Protection Agent Brian Terry was just doing his job when he was killed in an Arizona shootout in December 2010 by assault… Read More
Across the country, lawmakers are working to limit illegal immigration and reform policy so that more individuals can honorably and legally become American citizens. Last… Read More
States are desperate for ways to make their budgets more cost-effective. Illinois found a way—but the federal government won't let the state implement a requirement… Read More
Conservatives are taking a stand in the House, and they're making their liberal counterparts angry in the process. The Cut, Cap, and Balance plan passed… Read More


text:
In Germany, at least.
A new film makes the case that the city's at risk of losing the very urban vitality that attracts visitors there in the first place.
Britain's parliament is launching an official enquiry into recent heavy smog.
A Facebook page sparks controversy over privacy rights in public spaces.
The city has clarified its rules on nude sunbathing.
One Finnish city's plot to up its birth rate has led to a minor housing crisis.
The city is finally enforcing its ban on fake "soldiers" and other colorful characters in its city center. And it's a shame.
Eye-catching maybe, but is celebrating the destruction of social housing really in good taste?
Desperate for cash and jobs, the city just sold off a chunk of waterfront land bigger than Central Park.
Luckily, most couldn't afford the rent anyway.
The city is considering a big new project around the old Tempelhof Airport, now an enormous stretch of parkland.
And it seems to be working in Sweden's three largest cities.
The Garden City is back.
The city banned half of all cars from the roads on Monday. Will it be enough?
The entire Paris region's public transportation system will be free this weekend in an effort to stem the early spring smog.
A melodrama with roots in reality.
This may actually make sense, thanks to the city's unique street design.
North American media have proclaimed the city is no longer the apogee of cool, and that's just fine.
He sees it as the only way for the Danish capital to get a grip on its huge Cannabis trade.


text:
Hey so i am pretty new to mountain biking and stuff but my friends are doing it and i think it is pretty fun. So i went on craglsist and bought this Mongoose SX 6.5. I think its like 15 years old or something. Anyways the shocks on it sucked so i found some used Rock Shox Psylo XC's and those seem better. So im wondering if my set up i have is any good or not. I ended up spending about 300$ in total on the bike and i dont know if i could have just gotten something better new for that price. Do you guys know if the Mongoose that i have is any good or if the Psylo's are any good? Cuase that would be stupid if it isn't very good and i will end up having to replace it when i get better in like 2 years.
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15,753Photo Credit: Negar_71
Kristopher "Kris" Lemche (ˈlɛmkiː; born 1978) is a Canadian actor who has appeared in the films Ginger Snaps, eXistenZ, Final Destination 3, My Little Eye, A Simple Curve, Alter Egos, The Last Casino, Green Guys, Edgar Floats, State's Evidence and Knockaround Guys. His...Wikipedia
Age: 36
Born: 9th August, 1978, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
Height: 5' 6" (168 cm)
Nationality: American
Claim to Fame: ginger snaps
Kris Lemche has been romantically linked to:
Who can be romantically linked to Kris Lemche...and how closely?
The Frankenstein Theory (2013)
From the makers of The Last Exorcism comes a boldly original vision of horror. What if the most chilling...
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text:
A system and method for producing an image indicative of characteristics of a radiofrequency ("RF") coil with a magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI") system is disclosed. The method includes acquiring MR signals while performing a pulse sequence with the MRI system and driving the RF coil at a selected transmission power. This process is repeated a plurality of times to drive the RF coil at a different transmission powers during each repetition. A plurality of images are reconstructed from the acquired MR signals and an image indicative of RF reception characteristics of the RF coil is produced from the reconstructed images. Subsequently, an image indicative of RF transmission characteristics of the RF coil is produced using the image indicative of the RF receiver response. More specifically, only one data acquisition is necessary for each RF coil element to produce the image indicative of the RF transmission characteristics for that coil element.
1. A method for producing, with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, an image indicative of a radiofrequency (RF) coil characteristic for each RF coil in an RF coil array, the steps comprising:
a) producing with the MRI system, a single density weighted reception profile for the entire RF coil array;
b) acquiring, with the MRI system, image data corresponding to a single image while driving one of the RF coils in the RF coil array at a selected transmission voltage, wherein acquiring the image data includes acquiring a single voltage measurement from the one of the RF coils driven at the selected transmission voltage;
c) repeating step b) for each RF coil in the RF coil array;
d) reconstructing an image for each RF coil in the RF coil array from the image data acquired in steps b) and c); and
e) producing a transmission profile map for each RF coil in the RF coil array using the density weighted reception profile produced in step a) and the respective image for each RF coil reconstructed in step d).
2. The method as recited in
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γ is a gyromagnetic ratio;
V is the transmission voltage;
RF(t) is an RF excitation pulse; and
T is a duration of the RF excitation pulse.
This application is based on, claims the priority of, and incorporates by reference U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/043,776, filed Apr. 10, 2008, and entitled "Method For Fast B1 Mapping of Multiple MR Transmit Coils."
This invention was made with government support under Grant Nos. R01EB006847, R01EB000790, R01EB007942, and P41RR14075 awarded by the National Institute of Health. The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.
The field of the invention is magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI") methods and systems. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of MRI systems.
When a substance such as human tissue is subjected to a uniform magnetic field (polarizing field B0), the individual magnetic moments of the nuclei in the tissue attempt to align with this polarizing field, but precess about it in random order at their characteristic Larmor frequency. If the substance, or tissue, is subjected to a magnetic field (excitation field B1) that is in the x-y plane and that is near the Larmor frequency, the net aligned moment, Mz, may be rotated, or "tipped", into the x-y plane to produce a net transverse magnetic moment Mxy. A signal is emitted by the excited nuclei or "spins", after the excitation signal B1 is terminated, and this signal may be received and processed to form an image.
When utilizing these "MR" signals to produce images, magnetic field gradients (Gx, Gy, and Gz) are employed. Typically, the region to be imaged is scanned by a sequence of measurement cycles in which these gradients vary according to the particular localization method being used. The resulting set of received MR signals are digitized and processed to reconstruct the image using one of many well known reconstruction techniques.
The measurement cycle used to acquire each MR signal is performed under the direction of a pulse sequence produced by a pulse sequencer. Clinically available MRI systems store a library of such pulse sequences that can be prescribed to meet the needs of many different clinical applications. Research MRI systems include a library of clinically proven pulse sequences and they also enable the development of new pulse sequences.
The MR signals acquired with an MRI system are signal samples of the subject of the examination in Fourier space, or what is often referred to in the art as "k-space". Each MR measurement cycle, or pulse sequence, typically samples a portion of k-space along a sampling trajectory characteristic of that pulse sequence. Most pulse sequences sample k-space in a raster scan-like pattern sometimes referred to as a "spin-warp", a "Fourier", a "rectilinear", or a "Cartesian" scan. The spin-warp scan technique employs a variable amplitude phase encoding magnetic field gradient pulse prior to the acquisition of MR spin-echo signals to phase encode spatial information in the direction of this gradient. In a two-dimensional implementation ("2DFT"), for example, spatial information is encoded in one direction by applying a phase encoding gradient, Gy, along that direction, and then a spin-echo signal is acquired in the presence of a readout magnetic field gradient, Gx, in a direction orthogonal to the phase encoding direction. The readout gradient present during the spin-echo acquisition encodes spatial information in the orthogonal direction. In a typical 2DFT pulse sequence, the magnitude of the phase encoding gradient pulse, Gy, is incremented, ΔGy, in the sequence of measurement cycles, or "views" that are acquired during the scan to produce a set of k-space MR data from which an entire image can be reconstructed.
There are many other k-space sampling patterns used by MRI systems These include "radial", or "projection reconstruction" scans in which k-space is sampled as a set of radial sampling trajectories extending from the center of k-space. The pulse sequences for a radial scan are characterized by the lack of a phase encoding gradient and the presence of a readout gradient that changes direction from one pulse sequence view to the next. There are also many k-space sampling methods that are closely related to the radial scan and that sample along a curved k-space sampling trajectory rather than the straight line radial trajectory.
An image is reconstructed from the acquired k-space data by transforming the k-space data set to an image space data set. There are many different methods for performing this task and the method used is often determined by the technique used to acquire the k-space data. With a Cartesian grid of k-space data that results from a 2D or 3D spin-warp acquisition, for example, the most common reconstruction method used is an inverse Fourier transformation ("2DFT" or "3DFT") along each of the 2 or 3 axes of the data set. With a radial k-space data set and its variations, the most common reconstruction method includes "regridding" the k-space samples to create a Cartesian grid of k-space samples and then perform a 2DFT or 3DFT on the regridded k-space data set. In the alternative, a radial k-space data set can also be transformed to Radon space by performing a 1DFT of each radial projection view and then transforming the Radon space data set to image space by performing a filtered backprojection.
Depending on the technique used, many MR scans currently used to produce medical images require many minutes to acquire the necessary data. The reduction of this scan time is an important consideration, since reduced scan time increases patient throughput, improves patient comfort, and improves image quality by reducing motion artifacts. Many different strategies have been developed to shorten the scan time.
One such strategy is referred to generally as "parallel imaging". Parallel imaging techniques use spatial information from arrays of RF receiver coils to substitute for the encoding that would otherwise have to be obtained in a sequential fashion using RF pulses and field gradients (such as phase and frequency encoding). Each of the spatially independent receiver coils of the array carries certain spatial information and has a different sensitivity profile. This information is utilized in order to achieve a complete location encoding of the received MR signals by a combination of the simultaneously acquired data received from the separate coils. Specifically, parallel imaging techniques undersample k-space by reducing the number of acquired phase-encoded k-space sampling lines while keeping the maximal extent covered in k-space fixed. The combination of the separate MR signals produced by the separate receiver coils enables a reduction of the acquisition time required for an image (in comparison to conventional k-space data acquisition) by a factor that in the most favorable case equals the number of the receiver coils. Thus the use of multiple receiver coils acts to multiply imaging speed, without increasing gradient switching rates or RF power.
Two categories of such parallel imaging techniques that have been developed and applied to in vivo imaging are SENSE (Sensitivity Encoding) and SMASH (Simultaneous Acquisition of Spatial Harmonics). With SENSE, the undersampled k-space data is first Fourier transformed to produce an aliased image from each coil, and then the aliased image signals are unfolded by a linear transformation of the superimposed pixel values. With SMASH, the omitted k-space lines are filled in or reconstructed prior to Fourier transformation, by constructing a weighted combination of neighboring lines acquired by the different receiver coils. SMASH requires that the spatial sensitivity of the coils be determined, and one way to do so is by "autocalibration" that entails the use of variable density k-space sampling.
A more recent advance to SMASH techniques using autocalibration is a technique known as GRAPPA (Generalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions), introduced by Griswold et al. Using these GRAPPA techniques, lines near the center of k-space are sampled at the Nyquist frequency (in comparison to the greater spaced lines at the edges of k-space). These so-called autocalibration signal ("ACS") lines are then used to determine the weighting factors that are used to reconstruct the missing k-space lines. In particular, a linear combination of individual coil data is used to create the missing lines of k-space. The coefficients for the combination are determined by fitting the acquired data to the more highly sampled data near the center of k-space.
Most MRI scanners use a single-channel RF excitation coil to tip the spin magnetization away from its equilibrium state and initiate a measurement cycle. Usually, an RF excitation pulse is used to excite either all of the spins inside the excitation coil (non-selective excitation), a single slice through the subject (slice-selective excitation), or within only a specific region, such as, a small cube (3-D spatially-selective excitation). In spatially-selective, spatially-tailored excitation, the RF pulse is played out in the presence of gradient waveforms that impart a gradient onto the main magnetic field of the MRI system, which is instrumental in the spatial and selective excitation process. In general, the gradient field may be viewed as causing the traversal of a curve in excitation k-space, a path that may proceed through all three dimensions of k-space (kx, ky, and kz), which under certain assumptions is essentially a 3D Fourier domain. During this traversal of excitation k-space, the energy of the RF pulse being played in conjunction with the gradient waveforms may be viewed as depositing RF energy along this k-space excitation trajectory curve. The RF pulse thus produces an excitation that modulates (in phase, in amplitude, or both) as a function of position (kx, ky, and kz) in excitation k-space. The resulting excitation is often closely related to the inverse Fourier transform of this deposited energy.
For example, in a typical slice-selective RF pulse, a constant gradient field is applied in the z-direction while an RF pulse shaped like a sine cardinal ("sinc") function is transmitted through the MRI system's single excitation coil. In this instance, the gradient field causes the RF pulse energy to be deposited along a single line (a "spoke") in the kz-direction of excitation k-space, that is, a line through the k-space position (0,0,kz). This sinc-like deposition in kz excites only those magnetic spins within a thin slice of tissue due to the Fourier relationship between energy deposited in excitation k-space and the flip angle of the resulting magnetization. In short, the magnetization that results from this typical RF pulse is a constant degree of excitation within the slice and no excitation out of the slice.
Recent work has extended this slice-selective concept to all three spatial dimensions, in which not only a thin slice is excited, but a particular pattern within the slice itself is excited. These "spatially-tailored" excitations in 2D and 3D require lengthy application of the RF excitation and associated gradients. A recent method, termed "parallel transmission" (and sometimes referred to as "parallel excitation"), exploits variations among the different spatial profiles of a multi-element RF coil array. This permits sub-sampling of the gradient trajectory needed to achieve the spatially-tailored excitation and this method has been shown in many cases to dramatically speed up, or shorten, the corresponding RF pulse.
This "acceleration" of the spatially-tailored RF excitation process makes the pulse short enough in duration to be clinically useful. Accelerations of 4 to 6 fold have been achieved via an 8 channel transmit system as disclosed by K. Setsompop, et al., in "Parallel RF Transmission with Eight Channels at 3 Tesla," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 2006, 56:1163-1171. This acceleration enables several important applications, including flexibly shaped excitation volumes and mitigation of RF field inhomogeneity at high field for slice or slab-selective pulses. A number of methods have been proposed for the design of the RF and gradient waveforms for parallel excitation, such as those disclosed, for example, by U. Katscher, et al., in "Transmit SENSE," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 2003, 49:144-150; by Y. Zhu in "Parallel Excitation with an Array of Transmit Coils," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 2004, 51:775-784; by M. Griswold, et al., in "Autocalibrated Accelerated Parallel Excitation (Transmit-GRAPPA)," Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of ISMRM; 2005, 2435; and by W. Grissom, et al., in "Spatial Domain Method for the Design of RF Pulses in Multicoil Parallel Excitation," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 2006, 56:620-629.
Successful implementations have been demonstrated on multi-channel hardware, including those described by P. Ullmann, et al., in "Experimental Analysis of Parallel Excitation Using Dedicated Coil Setups and Simultaneous RF Transmission on Multiple Channels," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 2005, 54:994-1001; by D. Xu, et al., in "A Noniterative Method to Design Large-Tip-Angle Multidimensional Spatially-Selective Radio Frequency Pulses for Parallel Transmission," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 2007, 58:326-334; and by P. Vernickel, et al., in "Eight-Channel Transmit/Receive Body MRI Coil at 3T," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 2007, 58:381-389.
Parallel transmission methods allow for a large reduction in duration of the spatially-tailored RF excitation pulses by utilizing the extra degrees of freedom gained from having many, instead of one single, transmit RF coil. One of the main hurdles in bringing this technology into clinical use, however, is in finding a fast, robust, and reliable technique for the acquisition of the transmission profiles of RF coils ("B1 + maps"), which serve as a crucial input to the excitation pulse design calculation. Several quantitative methods have been proposed for mapping the B1 + profile. One such method is the so-called double-angle method ("DAM"), which acquires data from two transmission voltages and is described, for example, by R. Stollberger and P. Wach, in "Imaging of the Active B1 Field In Vivo," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 1996, 35:246-251. Recently, a faster technique that improves on DAM, and based on the use of magnetization saturation pulses, has been proposed. Such a method is described, for example, by C. H. Cunningham, et al., in "Saturated Double-Angle Method for Rapid B1 + Mapping," Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 2006, 55:1326-1333.
However, due to the large B1 + dynamic range of the local transmission coils, measurements at several transmission voltages from each of the transmission coils are required. This results in a time consuming B1 + mapping process, especially for systems with a large number of transmission coils. Additionally, the large dynamic range of the profiles for the local transmission coils in the parallel transmission setup can result in inaccurate results when employing current B1 + mapping methods.
It would therefore be desirable to provide a method for mapping the B1 + profile of a radiofrequency ("RF") coil having a plurality of transmission coil elements that is not only computationally fast, but is accurate over a range of magnetic field strengths and number of transmission coil elements.
The present invention is a method for obtaining the B1 + profile maps using an estimation of the RF coil array's synthesized mode receive profile. Instead of directly performing quantitative B1 + mapping on each of the transmit coils, the present invention first estimates a synthesized receive profile, that is, the density-weighted B1 − profile of the receive coil array. Once this receive profile is estimated, a single low voltage measurement is acquired from each of the transmission coils for the estimation of the individual B1 + transmission profiles. Therefore, the total data acquisition time in this method is much shorter than in previous techniques, especially for systems with large number of transmission coils.
It is an aspect of the invention to provide a method that shortens the scan time required to produce B1 + profile maps for parallel transmission RF coils. The estimation of the synthesized receive profile requires only a few measurements because a synthesized transmission mode with a low dynamic range (for example the uniform mode, or "mode-1", of a birdcage coil) can be used for transmission in this estimation process. Only a single measurement of each transmission coil is then needed to acquire sufficient data to produce the B1 + transmission profiles.
It is another aspect of the invention to provide a method for reducing the specific absorption ratio ("SAR") in a subject undergoing a magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI") study. Magnetization saturation pulses are needed only for determining the uniform mode's receive profile, and this greatly reduces the amount of deposited RF energy required to produce individual transmission RF coil profiles.
The foregoing and other aspects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description. In the description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which there is shown by way of illustration a preferred embodiment of the invention. Such embodiment does not necessarily represent the full scope of the invention, however, and reference is made therefore to the claims and herein for interpreting the scope of the invention.
Referring particularly to
The pulse sequence server 118 functions in response to instructions downloaded from the workstation 110 to operate a gradient system 124 and an RF system 126. Gradient waveforms necessary to perform the prescribed scan are produced and applied to the gradient system 124 that excites gradient coils in an assembly 128 to produce the magnetic field gradients Gx, Gy, and Gz used for position encoding MR signals. The gradient coil assembly 128 forms part of a magnet assembly 130 that includes a polarizing magnet 132 and a whole-body RF coil 134.
RF excitation waveforms are applied to the RF coil 134 by the RF system 126 to perform the prescribed magnetic resonance pulse sequence. Responsive MR signals detected by the RF coil 134 or a separate local coil (not shown in
The RF system 126 also includes one or more RF receiver channels. Each RF receiver channel includes an RF amplifier that amplifies the MR signal received by the coil to which it is connected and a detector that detects and digitizes the I and Q quadrature components of the received MR signal. The magnitude of the received MR signal may thus be determined at any sampled point by the square root of the sum of the squares of the I and Q components:
and the phase of the received MR signal may also be determined:
The pulse sequence server 118 also optionally receives patient data from a physiological acquisition controller 136. The controller 136 receives signals from a number of different sensors connected to the patient, such as ECG signals from electrodes or respiratory signals from a bellows. Such signals are typically used by the pulse sequence server 118 to synchronize, or "gate", the performance of the scan with the subject's respiration or heart beat.
The pulse sequence server 118 also connects to a scan room interface circuit 138 that receives signals from various sensors associated with the condition of the patient and the magnet system. It is also through the scan room interface circuit 138 that a patient positioning system 140 receives commands to move the patient to desired positions during the scan.
The digitized MR signal samples produced by the RF system 126 are received by the data acquisition server 120. The data acquisition server 120 operates in response to instructions downloaded from the workstation 110 to receive the real-time MR data and provide buffer storage such that no data is lost by data overrun. In some scans the data acquisition server 120 does little more than pass the acquired MR data to the data processor server 122. However, in scans that require information derived from acquired MR data to control the further performance of the scan, the data acquisition server 120 is programmed to produce such information and convey it to the pulse sequence server 118. For example, during prescans MR data is acquired and used to calibrate the pulse sequence performed by the pulse sequence server 118. Also, navigator signals may be acquired during a scan and used to adjust RF or gradient system operating parameters or to control the view order in which k-space is sampled. And, the data acquisition server 120 may be employed to process MR signals used to detect the arrival of contrast agent in a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) scan. In all these examples the data acquisition server 120 acquires MR data and processes it in real-time to produce information that is used to control the scan.
The data processing server 122 receives MR data from the data acquisition server 120 and processes it in accordance with instructions downloaded from the workstation 110. Such processing may include, for example: Fourier transformation of raw k-space MR data to produce two or three-dimensional images; the application of filters to a reconstructed image; the performance of a backprojection image reconstruction of acquired MR data; the calculation of functional MR images; the calculation of motion or flow images, etc.
Images reconstructed by the data processing server 122 are conveyed back to the workstation 110 where they are stored. Real-time images are stored in a data base memory cache (not shown) from which they may be output to operator display 112 or a display 142 that is located near the magnet assembly 130 for use by attending physicians. Batch mode images or selected real time images are stored in a host database on disc storage 144. When such images have been reconstructed and transferred to storage, the data processing server 122 notifies the data store server 123 on the workstation 110. The workstation 110 may be used by an operator to archive the images, produce films, or send the images via a network to other facilities.
Referring particularly to
Referring particularly to
The magnitude of the RF excitation pulse produced at output 205 is attenuated by an exciter attenuator circuit 206 in each transmitter 298 which receives a digital command from the pulse sequence server 118. The attenuated RF excitation pulses are applied to a power amplifier 251 in each transmitter 298. The power amplifiers are current source devices that connect to respective transmit inputs on a set of transmit/receive switches 254. By way of example, N transmitters 298 are employed and connected through N transmit/receive switches 254 to N coil elements in an RF coil array 250.
Referring still to
The transmit/receive switches 254 are operated by the pulse sequence server 118 to connect the N transmitters 298 to the N coil elements in the coil array 250 during those parts of the pulse sequence in which an RF field is to be produced. Each transmitter 298 is separately controlled by the pulse sequence server 118 to produce an RF field of a prescribed amplitude, frequency, phase and envelope at each of the N coil elements. The combined RF fields of the N coil elements produce the prescribed B1 field throughout the region of interest in the subject during the imaging phase of the procedure.
When the B1 field is not produced the pulse sequence server 118 operates the transmit/receive switches 254 to connect each of the N receive channels 257 to the respective N coil elements. Signals produced by excited spins in the subject are picked up and separately processed as described above.
Turning now to
In general, the image intensity of an image acquired with a GRE pulse sequence that employs an RF excitation pulse with flip angle, θ, is given by:
where I(V,
where RX(
where γ is the gyromagnetic ratio of a spin species and RF(t) is a function that describes the RF excitation pulse. When the pulse sequence described above, with reference to
where TSR is the saturation recovery time, which is the time that passes between the application of the spoiler gradient 314 and the next RF excitation 300, demarcating the subsequent repetition of the pulse sequence.
Since the transmit, B1 +, and receive, B1 −, magnetic patterns are of opposite circular polarizations and are different at high B0 fields, the use of a quantitative coil profile mapping technique is required to obtain the coil array reception profile. Utilizing the relationships in Eqns. (4), (5), and (6) above, B1 + maps of multiple transmit coils can be produced in less time than provided by previous methods. Instead of directly performing quantitative B1 + mapping on each of the individual transmit coils, the present invention employs a synthesized coil array reception profile, B1 −, to hasten the B1 + mapping process. Throughout the process, the synthesized reception profile, B1 −, from the same receiver coil combination is used. Preferably, a coil having a uniform receive profile is employed; however, this is difficult to achieve at higher magnetic field strengths. As a result, a receive coil is operated such that the reception mode of the coil does not exhibit a signal null spot. For a birdcage coil, the uniform reception mode ("mode-1") satisfies this condition and is therefore preferably employed by the present invention. In the alternative, other types of coil array can be employed and driven in a manner that produced a reception profile having substantially no null spots.
Referring now particularly to
When all of the preselected transmission voltages have been employed the process continues to step 410, where images are reconstructed from each of the acquired sets of image data. The number of transmission voltages employed is related to the uniformity of the B1 + profile synthesized above in step 400. In general, a more uniform synthesized B1 + profile requires a fewer number of transmission voltages. The reasoning for this can be explained as follows. The transmission voltages are, in effect, different sampling points of a sinusoidal relationship between the image intensity values of the images reconstructed in step 410 and the flip angle resulting from an RF excitation pulse applied at the selected transmission voltage using the synthesized B1 + profile. Therefore, if the B1 + profile is substantially uniform, only a small number of sampling points is required since there is little variation in the profile. Similarly, the range of values selected for the transmission voltages relates to the average amplitude of the synthesized B1 + profile. For example, it is be desirable to employ a set of transmission voltages having a lower range of values for a B1 + profile having a higher average amplitude. The maximum transmission voltage value is therefore selected such that the range of transmission voltages adequately and accurately sample this sinusoidal relationship. These images are then fit to Eqn. (6) using a nonlinear search algorithm, as indicated at step 412. As a result, a flip angle estimate map, θ(V,
Utilizing this approximation, the density-weighted reception profile, ρ(
First, and again employing a conventional GRE pulse sequence with a low-flip-angle RF excitation, a low-flip-angle image is produced for an individual transmit coil, as indicated in step 418. A loop is entered at decision block 420 in which a low-flip-angle image is produced for each transmit coil in the coil array; each subsequent coil being selected in step 422. In the alternative, a low-flip-angle image can be produced for a plurality of individual transmit modes. The B1 + map for each transmission coil is then estimated, as indicated at step 424. First, a flip angle map is produced for each coil by rearranging Eqn. (7) as follows:
Here, the low-flip-angle image, I(V,
This B1 + map, given by TX(
The present invention has been described in terms of one or more preferred embodiments, and it should be appreciated that many equivalents, alternatives, variations, and modifications, aside from those expressly stated, are possible and within the scope of the invention.
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Made a 1gallon batch of cider with tree top cider, but forgot to take an OG reading. Does anyone know what my OG should've been? My recipe was a scaled down version of apfelwein.
1 gallon tree top cider
1 cup sugar
And I used Moncharet yeast.
Any help would be appreciated so I can calculate AVB when it's done. Thanks in advance.
I'm about to do a 1 gal batch myself. I cant answer your question but would like to know if you used regular sugar or corn sugar? Is it a big deal to do regular sugar? TIA
you can't really guess at the sugar content of a juice with unknown sugar content. well... that's not true- you can guess all you like. i would get another jug and measure it, you can estimate the sugar addition easily enough.
if you want a (really) gross estimate try 1.050 for the juice + 1 cup (estimated 225 g) gets you to 1.706 ish in your volume?
Like dinnerstick said, it's a guess unless you buy more juice. I would guess a bit lower. Probably around 1.066. Most cider I've seen is in the 1.045 - 1.054 range. A cup of sugar is 8 fluid oz, but probably only weighs 6-7 oz (170-200 grams). That adds about 18 points to the gravity.
probably bet much lower! i meant 1.076 not 1.706!! holy chowdah that would be some cider
Thanks guys. I tried it last night and it was great, it could still use a little more time for the flavors to mellow out, but great for such a simple recipe. I used just used table sugar by the way. I've read that brown sugar works well for this also, I may try that in a later batch.


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BKR Clash in the Country: The Casey Donahew Band vs. Glen Templeton [VIDEO/POLL]
WELCOME to the BKR Clash in the Country! We will be featuring two country artists' brand new songs each week. We want to know which one YOU like better! So, listen to each song and then vote!


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Beats by Dre Studio Headphones
$159.98 sale
(16 % Off)
Ekocycle Beats delivers exceptional sound using materials that would have otherwise been wasted. Ekocycle is a collaborative movement of leading brands to create products that are smart, innovative and environmentally responsible through the use of recycled content. Together Ekocycle and Beats deliver an inspiring sound experience. Designers of Beats Studio over-ear headphones conducted a series of ergonomic studies to find the perfect lightweight, foldable headphone that always delivers a comfortable fit. Take calls, skip songs and adjust volume right from the cord of your Beats Studio headphones. No more searching for your phone or music player just to find the right song.
- Includes: Beats Studio™ Over Ear Headphone - Coke Ekocycle™, two AAA batteries, 3.5mm audio cable, 1/4" audio adaptor, in-line remote and microphone cable (features may vary), hard shell carrying case, and beats cleaning cloth
- Along with super-plush, ultra soft ear cups provides comfort
- Blocks external sounds for crisp, clear audio without any distractions
- In-line remote and microphone
- Folding design enables simple portability and storage
- 3.5mm plug and 1/4" adapter
- Powerful enough to block out a jet engine
- A flawless and iconic fit
- Remote control
- Product contains 31-percent recycled material, using 3 assorted recycled PET plastic bottles
- Weight (kg): 0.24; Height (mm): 197
- Length of cable (m): 1.361
- Type of jack: 3.5mm
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Stage Stores shipping charges are applied based on subtotal before discounts are taken. The shipping charge will appear as a line item under your subtotal.
NOTE: You will not incur additional shipping charges if your order(s) is filled from multiple locations.
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We will gladly issue a refund for the amount of purchase when accompanied by the original receipt, packing slip, or purchasing credit card (Note: The purchasing credit card can only be used for merchandise returned at the store).
A merchandise credit will be issued at the lowest selling price within the past 30 days for returns without a receipt. Merchandise credits are redeemable for merchandise only. Note: In-store returns require government issued ID.
Most items purchased either in-store or online may be returned to your local store for a refund or exchange.
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29 results for "new york giants"
Rangers join ranks of N.Y.s unlikely finalistsMark Simon
It is rare, though not totally unusual for a New York sports team to be an unlikely finalist, as these 2014 Rangers have been. The Rangers, who finished with the 12th-most points in the NHL and fifth-most in the Eastern Conference are the latest ...Blog | June 03, 2014
2013 NFL Power Rankings: Week 6
Where does your team stand in the Week 6 edition of the 2013 ESPN.com NFL Power Rankings?Power Ranking | Conversation | October 07, 2013
2013 NFL draft -- Kansas City Chiefs select Eric Fisher with No. ...
The Chiefs took Eric Fisher of Central Michigan to begin the NFL draft Thursday night, then Jacksonville went for Texas A&M's Luke Joeckel. Not until EJ Manuel went to Buffalo at No. 16 was a quarterback taken.Story | Conversation | April 25, 2013
NFL - Ranking the NFL's top prospectsAaron Schatz
Football Outsiders ranks the top 25 prospects in the NFL, players under the age of 26 in the 2012 season and who have yet to establish themselves as a household name. Seahawks WR Doug Baldwin tops the list.Story | Conversation | July 17, 2012
Ben Davidson, former Oakland Raider, dies
Ben Davidson, the hulking defensive end who starred for the Oakland Raiders in the 1960s before becoming a famous television pitch man, has died. He was 72.Story | Conversation | July 03, 2012
The top 25 postseason performances in NFL history
A trio of ESPN.com experts rank the top 25 individual playoff performances in NFL history.Story | Conversation | June 20, 2012
NFL -- Oakland Raiders quietly building a winnerAdam Schefter
Solid drafting in recent years has allowed the Raiders to turn the tide after years of futility, writes Adam Schefter.Story | Conversation | September 30, 2011
D-Gaps: is Suh top defensive tackle?Jason Vida
Suh Less than halfway through the season, Ndamukong Suh has established himself as the clear front-runner in the NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year race and has shown he has the potential to be the league's best pass-rushing interior lineman for years ...Blog | November 04, 2010
Just one week into the 2010 NFL season and there are plenty of re...Adam Schefter
Just one week into the 2010 NFL season and there are plenty of reminders about how important durability is, writes Adam Schefter.Story | Conversation | September 17, 2010
Video Games -- Huge 'Madden NFL 11' upgrade available onlineJon Robinson
EA Sports introduced a substantial online upgrade to "Madden NFL 11" Tuesday, not only including a host of fixes to the game, but the addition of "Madden" Moments Live. With "Madden" Moments Live, gamers can cash in the "Madden" coins they earn thro...Blog | Conversation | September 08, 2010
Analysis of best remaining NFL free agents - Football OutsidersNed Macey
Some of free agency's biggest names have found new teams in the past few weeks, but there are still a few left unsigned who could contribute in a big way for a team next season. Football Outsiders breaks down their prospects going forward.Story | Conversation | August 03, 2010
Page 2's ultimate NFL power rankings, Nos. 21-32Thomas Neumann
Page 2 crunched all the relevant numbers in order to rank the NFL franchises since the 1970 merger.Story | Conversation | September 17, 2008
The statistics behind the ultimate power rankingsThomas Neumann
Page 2 crunched all the relevant numbers in order to rank the NFL franchises since the 1970 merger.Story | Conversation | September 17, 2008
Page 2's ultimate NFL power rankings, Nos. 1-10Thomas Neumann
Page 2 crunched all the relevant numbers to rank the NFL franchises since the 1970 merger.Story | Conversation | September 17, 2008
'07 Dolphins have plenty of company in recent football futilityMike Sando
The Dolphins still might become only the 12th team since the 1970 AFL-NFL merger to finish a full season with fewer than two victories. There are colorful stories behind the Excruciating Eleven.Story | Conversation | December 19, 2007
Will NFC finally end its drought vs. AFC this season?Len Pasquarelli
The NFC hasn't won the battle of interconferences since 1995, but this may be the season it finally ends its drought, writes Len Pasquarelli.Story | Conversation | November 23, 2007


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TweetDeck 3.8.4
An efficient desktop client that provides an organized way to view your Twitter timeline, to manage different accounts at the same time and more.
To actually use TweetDeck you need to register free of charge for a TweetDeck account (you can easily create an account within the app).
Note that you will not be able to login using your Twitter credentials: within the TweetDeck account you will have to associate one or multiple Twitter accounts. As a result, you are able to manage multiple accounts at the same time, using the same interface.
The TweetDeck main window is quite organized and straightforward: the left sidebar provides access to most features, while the rest of the window displays columns with your feeds or activity. You are able to add as many columns as you like.
Via the Preferences window you can quickly change the interface theme and the column and font size. Further customizations include the possibility to view the tweets in real time or not, to disable notifications or to change the link shortening service (Twitter or Bit.ly).
Thanks to the powerful filtering capabilities, you can use TweetDeck to focus on specific subjects and view only what interests you. At the same time, you can schedule tweets to make sure your audience is entertained.
TweetDeck is focused on meeting the needs of power users that have to keep track of multiple, real-time conversations, conducted from different accounts, at the same time. The app can also be used to quickly post tweets, share images or links and much more.
Reviewed by Iulia Ivan, last updated on August 16th, 2014
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What's New in This Release:
- Fixes issue with empty columns after computer wakes from sleep.
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- Retweeting a Tweet with emoji no longer scrambles Tweet contents
- Removing time from a scheduled tweet now removes that Tweet from the Scheduled column.
Application descriptionTweetDeck is an easy to use application that allows you to access your Twitter feed, messages and other information.Tw...
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Schedules and Maps
On weekdays and Saturdays, trains run every few minutes from about 6:00am until 1:30am. On Sundays, they run from about 9:00am to 1:30am.
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Most buses run from about 6:00 am (9:00 am on Sundays) until about 1:00 am, every day.
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View TTC service maps, including the Subway/RT and a full System Map. Additional maps are also available.
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Brief overview of the scope and services offered by the Toronto Transit Commission.
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Service Alert:
Elevator Alert: Jane Station, westbound platform to concourse level, out of service.
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Investigators recover more human remains from MH17 crash site
International investigators using sniffer dogs have found human remains from the ill-fated Malaysia Airlines flight that were missed by local searchers.
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Investigators using sniffer dogs recovered more human remains and personal belongings at the Malaysia Airlines wreckage site in eastern Ukraine on Saturday, the head of an international recovery mission said.
Speaking from the Ukrainian capital Kyiv, Pieter-Jaap Aalbersberg said 70 Dutch and Australian investigators were able to reach the site for the second consecutive day, despite clashes between pro-Russia separatist rebels and Ukrainian forces nearby.
Flight 17 was shot down above the village of Hrabove on July 17 with what the West says was a Russian-made missile fired by the rebels, killing all 298 passengers and crew, most of them Dutch.
Aalbersberg did not give details of the remains recovered. His team is searching for decomposing remains of approximately 80 victims spread over an area of 20 square kilometres — a process expected to take weeks.
More to read at thestar.com:
He thanked the warring sides for allowing the mission to proceed, after being delayed most of the week by fighting. "This is of great importance to the international police officers, the experts and, especially, the victims' families," he said.
Remains are being transferred by refrigerated truck to a facility in Kharkiv, where they can be examined by Dutch, Malaysian and Australian forensic experts.
They will then be sent on to the Netherlands, to join more than 200 bodies that were collected and transferred in an initial haphazard effort overseen by the rebels. Those remains are now being painstakingly identified.
Aalbersberg said his team had been able to search a greater area on Saturday, despite hearing sounds of mortar fire in the distance as they worked.
Friday and Saturday's search focused on the area around a chicken farm near the village of Grabovo, but that phase of the operation is now complete, Aalbersberg said.
"Tomorrow our goal is to move the search to an area northeast of the village of Rozsypne, where pieces of wreckage from the aircraft have been found," he said.
He added he hopes to expand his team to a full strength of 100 by Monday.
In Moscow, Russia's Foreign Ministry accused the European Union on Saturday of withdrawing a ban on supplying Ukraine with military technology and equipment "on the quiet," but the EU says it announced the move openly — two weeks ago.
The EU decided at the height of violence in Kyiv between government forces and protesters to ban the export for goods that can be used for "repression," such as riot gear, tear gas and police batons.
That measure was lifted on July 16, said EU spokesman Michael Mann.
On that day, the EU's news release noted in a section on Ukraine: "Member states also agreed to discontinue the application of their agreement of 20 February 2014 on export licenses."
The West has rejected Russia's denials that it has supplied tanks, armoured personnel carriers, rockets and other equipment to rebels in eastern Ukraine.
Ukraine has complained that its forces have been attacked by weapons based on the Russian side of the border, while the Russian ministry on Saturday renewed its claims that Ukrainian forces had fired over the border at targets in Russia.
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They will always have a place to sleep with this Toddler Air Mattress! Hurry and check out this hot deal, Amazon has the Intex Cozy Kidz Airbed/ Toddler Air Mattress for $15.87 Toddler Air Mattress Product Description Waterproof flocked top Assorted bright fun colors Soft flocking for extra comfort 34 1/2" x 62" x 7" (88cm x 157cm x 18cm) Includes inflatable flocked pillow and repair patch Location, temperature, and humidity will affect the airbed's firmness. Airbeds will … [Read more...]
Twin Mattress Deal:Therapedic Air Bed $32 Shipped!
Need an extra bed for sleep overs or guests? Check out this deal and get Up to 67% Off Therapedic Air Bed in 9-Inch Twin, Full, or Queen or 20-Inch Queen! These are comfortable and swiftly inflating air beds in either 9 in. thickness or a durable double-layer design. Free shipping and free returns. Choose from the following options: $32 for a Therapedic 9-inch twin air bed ($79.99 list price) $45 for a Therapedic 9-inch full air bed ($119.99 list price) $49 for a Therapedic 9-inch … [Read more...]


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TV Chef takes to DC
Celebrity chef and TV's coolest personality, Anthony Bourdain, is back in DC tomorrow to once again host "Capital Food Fight" along side The Chew's Carla Hall. DC Central Kitchen's annual fundraiser will be celebrating its eleventh year at the Ronald Reagan Building.
The event, founded by DC's own José Andrés, brings to the table a star-studded panel of judges, including Daniel Boulud (who just opened DBGB Kitchen and Bar in DC), the host of Chopped Ted Allen, Bayou Bakery chef David Guas, pastry chef Christina Tosi (who will bring Momofuku Milk Bar to CityCenterDC next year). A "high stakes cakes" competition, hosted by Aces of Cakes star Duff Goldman and ABC7 News Senior Reporter Scott Thurman, will also take place, in which four teams of pastry chefs will compete for best cake. Read more


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blanketySyllabification: blank·e·ty
Pronunciation: /ˈblaNGkədē /
(also blankety-blank)
Definition of blankety in English:
adjective& nouninformal
Used euphemistically to replace a word considered coarse or vulgar: it's time to ditch the blankety-blank tax code
More example sentences
- What is the name of the blankety-blank biped species responsible for leaving messy spots around public toilet seats?
- There's some truth to what he says, although saying that is just plain blankety-blank stupid.
- No calls can come in, none can go out - it effectively turns the blankety-blank cell phone off.
Definition of blankety in:
- British & World English dictionary
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Word of the day emulous
Pronunciation: ˈemyələs
seeking to emulate or imitate someone or something


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Resources and Publications
Resource and Publication
Policy should be reformed to better integrate the national labs with regional economies.
ITIF presents a framework for evaluating and resolving cross-border Internet policy conflicts.
This report provides a snapshot of states' efforts to create open data policies and portals.
The U.S. Export-Import Bank remains vital to supporting America's traded sector competitiveness.
The Chinese government has created a broad strategy to "informatize" its economy and society.
The future economic health of the U.S. economy will depend on the strength of its national innovation system.
When implemented properly, de-identification can enable the benefits of data analytics without threats to...
The State New Economy Index uses 25 indicators to measure the extent to which state economies are knowledge-...
ITIF's annual review of books covering technology and innovation issues.
Europe's increasing productivity gap with the U.S. can be addressed by taking better advantage of ICT.
Left unchecked, global theft of U.S. IP will only grow with increasingly deleterious consequences to our economy.
A book review of "To Save Everything, Click Here."
Some advocacy groups seem to be more interested in fighting corporations and government than in enacting meaningful privacy laws.
An efficient, well-oiled energy innovation ecosystem includes and requires federal support across numerous development and technology pathways, which also support each other.
While the local news was raising "hacker" alarms, civic-minded programmers were making a difference at the National Day of Civic Hacking.
The book provides a compelling vision of how big data is changing how we use data, as well as the economic consequences of big data.
Bitcoin is larger than the currencies of 30-50 other nations, but it is still a long way from becoming the de facto global digital currency.
A collaborative trade relationship between the U.S. and India is in both parties' best interests.
U.S. economic politics is often framed as a clash between "Main Street" and multinationals, with the former hard working mom and pop owners and the latter controlled by profit-hungry tycoons. But this framing misses the point, what determines America's position in the global economy is not whether Fred's clothing shop sells more pants.
The reasons behind the lack of corporate support for federal technology initiatives.
Senior Analyst Matthew Stepp will present as part of the 2013 Villanova Environmental Law Journal Annual...
ITIF president Rob Atkinson presented the keynote address at the 2013 NACFAM conference.
ITIF Senior Analyst Daniel Castro will be presenting at the Bahrain International eGovernment Forum 2013.
ITIF president Rob Atkinson will deliver the keynote address at the STGlobal Conference.
The Policy Network in London will host a lunchtime debate on "Innovation Economics: Growth and Living...
"Innovation Economics" presentation at the Université Paris-Est.
ITIF president Rob Atkinson will present on the issues related to science and technology, as well as...
ITIF president Rob Atkinson will present at Leading Edge Forum.
The Politico Pro team presents an in-depth conversation with special guest Rob Atkinson, President,...
Presentation on adoption of IP practices and trade strategies in developed and developing nations at the CES-...
Data has the potential to improve economic growth and quality of life but only if we get the policies right.
ITIF testifies in Vermont against legislation sought by organic advocates to grow their market by misleading...
ITIF opposes misguided efforts to ban an enviroinmentally superior new biotech variety of grass.
ITIF testimony before the MD Legislature shows legislation to mandate labels for genetically improved foods...
Mandatory GMO Labeling legislation proposed in MD would undermine the objectives it seeks to advance.
Stephen Ezell testifies that India's innovation mercantilist policies damage India's, America'...
ITIF urged an update to the Communications Act that will sustain the amazing innovation in our networks and...
The FTC should embrace a flexible and modern regulatory regime that fosters data-driven innovation in the...
Rob Atkinson files comments to new FCC chair on future of telecom policy.
ITIF recommends that policymakers preserve statutory damages for large-scale infringement, allow the private...
Conventional economics provides an increasingly poor guide for economic policy and should be replaced by an evolutionary economics framework.
Rob Atkinson contributed the chapter "Public Policy, Innovation and New Technologies" to the textbook "Guide to U.S. Economic Policy."
Robert Atkinson contributed the chapter "Innovation in Cities and Innovation by Cities" for the book "Creating Competitiveness: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Polices for Growth."
In a chapter for the new book Practicing Sustainability, Rob Atkinson wrote about sustainability from an innovation economics perspective.
"Innovation Economics: The Race for Global Advantage." This new book delivers a critical wake-up call: a fierce global race for innovation advantage is under way and the United States is running the risk of losing.
Daniel Castro contributed a chapter titled "U.S. Federal Cybersecurity Policy" in the book "Cybersecurity: Public Sector Threats and Responses."
Rob Atkinson contributed a chapter titled chapter "Who's Who in Internet Politics" for the book "The Next Digital Decade: Essays on the Future of the Internet."
Supply-Side Follies: Why Conservative Economics Fails, Liberal Economics Falters, and Innovation Economics is the Answer
Supply-Side Follies methodically debunks the common assumptions of conservative economics and demonstrates why it is a flawed doctrine that is setting up the U.S. for a major economic downturn in the near future.
Taking into account the historical record, the book discusses the shortcomings of prevailing liberal and conservative economic doctrines and lays out a new growth economics agenda aimed at maximizing the productivity and innovation-enhancing forces of the New Economy.


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Just a simple guy..trying to live a stress free a life as possible.
Join OkCupid
Find better matches with our advanced
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matching system
—% Match
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56 • Tulsa, OK • Man
I'm looking for
- Women
- Ages 50–55
- Near me
- Who are single
- For new friends, long-term dating, short-term dating
My Details
- Last Online
- Nov 13
- Orientation
- Straight
- Ethnicity
- White
- Height
- 5′ 7″ (1.70m)
- Body Type
- Average
- Diet
- Mostly anything
- Smokes
- No
- Drinks
- Socially
- Drugs
- Never
- Religion
- Christianity, but not too serious about it
- Sign
- Capricorn, and it's fun to think about
- Education
- Graduated from two-year college
- Job
- Science / Engineering
- Income
- $50,000–$60,000
- Relationship Status
- Single
- Relationship Type
- —
- Offspring
- Doesn't have kids, and doesn't want any
- Pets
- Likes dogs
- Speaks
- English
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My self-summary
Write a little about yourself. Just a paragraph will do.
What I'm doing with my life
Don't overthink this one; tell us what you're doing day-to-day.
I lost everything in a divorce a few years back..so I am rebuilding my life. I have a great job that I like alot. I'm renting a nice home & slowly putting things back together.
I'm really good at
Go on, brag a little (or a lot). We won't judge.
I'm a good listener..Friends often call on me for favors,knowing I will help.
The first things people usually notice about me
I'm an empty essay… fill me out!
Likeable personality
I spend a lot of time thinking about
Global warming, lunch, or your next vacation… it's all fair game.
Finding a special someone about my age to do things with....having a woman in my life again....not being alone anymore.
On a typical Friday night I am
Netflix and takeout, or getting your party on — how do you let loose?
I may go to a good restaurant and have a nice meal..maybe some wine or a drink. It would be alot more enjoyable to take a date.
You should message me if
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- Rustic cabin accents with a warm inviting style
- Light kit dimensions: 10" x 19.5" (H x Dia.)
- Frosted glass shade softly diffuses light
- UL Listed, Dry Location - Indicates whether a product meets standards and compliance guidelines set by Underwriters Laboratories. This listing determines what types of rooms or environments a product can be used in safely.
- Number of Bulbs: 3
- Voltage: 110
- Height: 10"
- Width: 19.5"
- Diameter: 19.5"
- Depth: 19.5"
- UL Listed: Yes
- UL Rating: Dry Location
Additional Vaxcel Lighting Links
Our SKU: Vaxcel Lighting LK33053
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Vaxcel Lighting LK33053WP
Weathered Patina
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Do you have the knack for taking interesting and creative pictures? Do you just need to improve your inherent photography skills? You have arrived at the right place if you're ready to do this. The advice included here can help you improve your skills in photography.
In the scene before you, frame a select part of it to create a good composition. Imagine your camera is a tiny window focused in on just one component of your subject. Don't attempt to include too much. To create a general impression of an object, shoot a series of photos, instead of a single detail oriented photo.
Your arms should be positioned close to the body when you hold the camera, and your hands should be on both the bottom and the sides to keep the camera steady. Doing this minimizes the blurry shaking sometimes seen in photos. If you place your hands beneath the camera, you will be less likely to drop the camera.
Give your the white balance feature on your camera a try. While taking shots indoors, sometimes you get a yellowish color due to the light bulbs. As making alterations to the whole room's lighting may not be feasible, changing the white balance feature may give you an alternative atmosphere. This should, definitely, give a more professional appearance to your pictures.
Find the right subject that will create an interesting photograph. No matter how good your equipment is or how skillfully you can compose a picture, you always need a good subject to work with. Find a subject that brings you inspiration, whether it be a model or an object.
Pre-focus your camera and move to where your subject isn't dead center in the frame. Centering can be very expected and therefore not all that interesting to look at in a photo. Try off-centering your shots to make your subject appear more interesting to the viewer.
You will have to play with ISO, aperture and shutter speed. These features will influence the exposure. Unless you are seeking a certain mood, try not to take under- or over-exposed photos. Experimentation with these features and how they work together will lead you to the perfect combination.
When your perfect shot is in view, stay still and hold your breath when you push the shutter. Even the slightest movement can mess up a shot. Catch yourself before you press the button: hold the camera still and wait to take a breath until after the shot is taken.
There are no big secrets to becoming a great photographer. Get more experience by continuing to take pictures. Digital cameras give you the ease of not having to develop or keep all your photographs. Your skills will improve over time and you will benefit from scrutinizing your images and what you could have done to improve them.
To help a wedding album convey the personal atmosphere, take some close-ups of small items belonging to the bride or groom, or details of decorations. You can take these photos before the ceremony begins as a warming up exercise. You may also capture some gems in the process.
Take your photo quickly. Perfect moments evaporate with the breeze, so you must be ready to act without hesitation. The moment can be gone when smiles get weary, children and pets get restless, or the scene changes. Adjust your settings as quickly as possible, and do your best to snap your picture while the scene still looks natural.
For more creative photos, experiment with unorthodox angles. The straight-on point of view can be effective, but is all too common. Attempt to gain different perspectives by getting over or below your subject. Frame shots sideways or diagonally to create a dynamic, unusual composition.
Red eye in your photos can seem like something so small, but really, you will never frame or share that photo. Red eye can be avoided by staying away from using the flash, or having your subject look away from the camera if flash is a necessity. There are cameras available on the market that come with a red eye feature.
of the typical questions I am asked is "how do I locate a pro photographer?" Of course you can use your local telephone directory, but these days the simplest way is to use a search engine like Google. For your search phrase key in a phrase like "professional photography your town" swapping the name of the town for the correct city or wedding venue. This will provide a list of photographers like http://www.kevinbrownphotography.co.uk/. Make a shortlist and arrange appointments to go and meet at least 3 of them ahead of making a decision. Make sure you view a total wedding, not just their portfolio.
If your camera takes film, think long and hard about choosing the right brand. Each photographer has an opinion regarding the best kind of film to use. Read film reviews to decide which brand of film will best suit your needs. Every photograph has their favorite type of film.
Sometimes, you are not able to get the perfect lighting when you are taking landscape photos. It may seem that there is really no good natural light anywhere you'd like to photograph, and this can be discouraging. What should you do in this situation? You could always use photo editing software, such as Photoshop, to change lighting.
Being at the same level as your subject will ensure you don't get an odd looking angle. It's very easy to do, but makes a huge difference in the quality of your pictures.
Learn when it's okay and not okay to use the flash with your camera. It shouldn't be the case that you just set it and then forget about it. There are situations where a great picture can be spoiled by too much light. If you are taking photos in a low light setting, this is another situation when the flash should be turned back on.
Consider the purpose of your pictures before you take them. For example, will the final photo be displayed horizontally or vertically? After the picture is taken, you can always edit it on your computer. You can crop your picture or change the colors and light very easily. However, you should aim to get your picture right on the first attempt.
Balance is key to keeping your image in perspective. The easiest way to make all your photos look worthy of an art gallery is to keep a careful balance of all the elements in the image. Use photo editing software to center your subjects and remove unnecessary background clutter.
With your new knowledge, you should be ready to get out there and experiment! Experiment with a variety of photography styles to find the ones that you prefer. Continue tweaking your photographs until you get the shots you want.


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Looking for decentants or information about William McNeilley (name may be spelled different)He had hotels in Nome and Seward, Alaska;(1880's) also lived in Washington, Seattle and Tacoma. At one time he owned a tinshop and had a hired tinsmith. Willilam was part of a large family in Missouri.What happened to our missing uncle??(see genforum surnames McNeilley)
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Chest of drawers for free (must pick up)
I have a chest of drawers 75 (L)x40(w)x92(h). Several of the drawers are sagging, but would work for lighter items. (Full disclosure--it is not in great condition, but it is free.) I am about to throw it out, but before I throw it out, I thought I'd
10 miles | Fulham, London£0 2 days ago


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Handmade Craft Ideas from 2010: A Year of Free Crafts
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How to Reverse Paint on Glass
By: Tiffany Windsor
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The reverse painting technique may sound complicated, but it's actually so easy! Learn how to reverse paint on glass from Tiffany Windsor and take your crafts to the next level. See how easy it is to use this technique to repurpose objects you already have.
Find a frame at your local thrift store or discount shop - the cheaper, the better for this craft. Use Tulip Slick Paint and acrylic paint to complete this project - that's all you need! Choose a design that best represents your personality and trace the pattern. Start with something easy or dive right in and create something intricate - it's up to you. Before you know it, you'll have a fantastic keepsake that you'll love to display in your home. Repurposed crafts have never looked so good.
For a step-by-step photo tutorial, check out Reverse Painting Technique on Glass.
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All Items : Glassware : Depression : Companies : Hocking : Pre 1940 item #1276464 (stock #4151)
Precious Treasures
I am selling four pink hobnail plates as a lot only for $22.00. The plates are in excellent condition and were produced from 1934-36.
All Items : Glassware : Depression : Patterns : Hobnail : Pre 1980 item #1189369 (stock #7368)
Precious Treasures
This covered mustard has a spoon and is in excellent condition with no flaws. It measures 5" high and 3" wide. The price is $25.00 plus postage and insurance.
All Items : Glassware : Depression : Patterns : Hobnail : Pre 1970 item #1085247 (stock #3447)
Precious Treasures
This pair of shakers were made starting in the 1920's-70's. the glass is in excellent condition, but the inside of the metal is no longer shiny . The base is round and they stand 4.5" tall with metal lids. The glass is clear. The price for the pair is $30.00 plus postage