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An optical printer includes an optical printing head and a photosensitive member. Although quiet and fine printing can be performed when a light emitting diode array is employed as the optical printing head, there have been problems, on the other hand, such as difficulty in driving and difficulty in adjustment of primary factors directly affecting the printing quality such as uneveness in dot pitches and intensity. Therefore, the present invention copes with driving conditions by effectively distributing data transferring during static driving, thereby to improve the printing quality by selective printing timings.
1. An optical printing head for an optical printer comprising:
(i) a plurality of light emitting diode arrays having a multiplicity of aligned light emitting areas arranged substantially in a line, with one feeding path for each of said light emitting areas being substantially commonly connected, and the other feeding path for said light emitting areas being divided into a plurality of m groups, where m≧2, so that adjacent light emitting areas belong to groups different from each other,
(ii) means for storing printing data provided for the respective ones of said groups with respect to said other feeding path for light emitting areas of said plurality of light emitting diode arrays, including shift registers for transferring the printing data and driving means for supplying current to said light emitting areas by means of the data from said shift registers,
(iii) data distribution means coupled to said shift registers for distributing a series of printing data of one dot line via serial transfer at a predetermined speed in said shift registers for the respective ones of said groups, at a shifting speed of 1/m of said serial transfer speed, and
(iv) driving timing means for outputting data simultaneously for the respective ones of said means for storing data from said shift registers to said driving means, and driving said driving means in a static manner for the light emitting areas of one dot line to simultaneously and selectively emit light from said light emitting areas.
2. An optical printing head in accordance with claim 1, wherein group division of said light emitting areas is so performed that they are divided in two, into a group of odd number ones and a group of even numbers of said light emitting areas in order of alignment.
3. An optical printing head in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said means for storing said printing data is formed by a MOS-type integrated circuit.
4. An optical printing head in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said driving means includes a plurality of printing timing means selective in response to light emission intensity.
5. An optical printing head in accordance with claim 3, wherein
said driving means is also formed integrally with said means for storing said printing data and comprises driving power stabilizing means for said light emitting areas.
6. An optical printing head in accordance with claim 4, wherein
said printing timing means include duty lines for transmitting lighting timings different in duty ratio from each other with respect to printing periods.
7. An optical printing head in accordance with claim 6, wherein
said duty lines longitudinally extend substantially in parallel with the extending direction of said light emitting diode arrays.
8. An optical printing head in accordance with claim 1, wherein
said light emitting diode arrays are placed on and fixed to a strip-shaped conductor in a line.
The present invention relates to an optical printing head to be employed in an optical printer which reflects aligned dot-shaped optical images on a photosensitive member for printing the same. More specifically, it relates to an optical printing head which comprises light emitting diode arrays and means for driving the same as the optical printing head.
Recently, in a computer terminal device, a plain paper copying apparatus, a picture record printer and the like, optical printers utilizing a combination of fine light emitting points and photosensitive members have been developed with attention directed to advantages thereof such as high-speed, high resolution, fineness in printing and quietness of the devices. Such devices are called as a laser printer, a light emitting diode printer (LED printer) and the like depending on types of light sources employed therein.
LED printers according to the prior art of interest are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,850,517 (Stephany et al.), 4,318,597 (Kotani et al.) and Japanese patent laying-open gazette No. 55770/1984 (Yoshida) etc. These are now briefly described with attention to optical printing heads and driving methods.
First, the LED printer disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,850,517 has a decoder in each block of light emitting diode arrays and employs codes as printing data. Therefore, although the transfer speed of the printing data itself is high, a number of decoders and printing timings after decoding of the printing data are required, and further, this printer cannot be applied to printing of those not included in characters, e.g., picture images.
Next, the LED printer disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,318,597 comprises light emitting diode arrays alternately arranged in the so-called zig-zag manner and printing data are formed by serially transferred dot information, and hence it is suitable for printing of picture images and the like. However, the data are basically transmitted to shift registers in a series manner, and one of the arrays is delayed by a memory in compliance with the zig-zag arrangement. Consequently, this LED printer requires a long data transfer time, and further requires two systems of printing timings synchronized with the cross scanning direction.
Lastly, the LED printer disclosed in Japanese patent laying-open gazette No. 55770/1984 is of a typical dynamic lighting type, and hence common electrodes are separated for each of light emitting diode arrays and a number of timing signals for light emitting points are required with respect to a horizontal scanning line.
A light emitting diode array is provided with light emitting areas (dots) being in alignment, which correspond in size and position to dots to be printed in the 1:1 ratio. On the other hand, one light emitting diode cannot form all dots over the entire length of the main scanning direction, and hence a plurality of short light emitting diode arrays are employed in alignment. Therefore, dot pitches are required to be constant in joints of the light emitting diode arrays. However, when the respective ones of the light emitting diode arrays are placed on separate substrates to be arranged in two lines as in the aforementioned materials, alignment of the optical images (i.e., supporting of the light emitting diode arrays and adjustment of the optical systems) is extremely difficult. Further, connection of common line independently provided for each of the light emitting diodes for dynamic driving complicates operation for the alignment is complicated. Placing a plurality of light emitting diode arrays on one substrate without regard to the connection of common line would be a method of solving the problem of difficulty in such work. More preferably, the plurality of light emitting diode arrays are arranged in one line.
Further, an LED printer has such an advantage that a head thereof is a solid element which enables high-speed printing, wherefore high-speed data processing is required. However, if extreme high-speed is required for the data transfer speed and the transfer time is lengthened, the said advantage cannot be efficiently applied while integrated circuit elements to be used are restricted, and the power consumption is increased in case of, e.g., a high speed TTL, leading to inconvenience.
In addition, intensity of the head shows dispersion depending on the synergistic effect of the light emitting characteristics of the light emitting diode arrays and the output characteristics of driving elements, whereas no definite countermeasures therefor are indicated in the aforementioned prior art examples. The present invention has been proposed in consideration of these points.
Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to provide an optical printing head which can print bit-unit serial printing data received therein at a high speed. According to the present invention, lowered is the shifting speed for shifting the serial printing data to correspond to positions of light emitting areas (dots) in the head. Consequently, an integrated circuit of a MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) type which is a low-power consumption element can be used thereby to lower the power consumption of the optical printing head. In order to facilitate assembling of light emitting diode arrays, one side of each diode is connected as a common electrode, thereby to enable one-line alignment of dots.
Another feature of the present invention resides in that brightness control is performed in conformity to characteristics upon combination of light emitting diodes and driving elements.
The present invention is characterized in that light emitting areas (dots) of light emitting diode arrays are separated into a plurality of groups so that adjacent ones belong to groups different from each other, and serial printing data are divided and transferred per each group. Preferably, anodes or cathodes of the light emitting diode arrays are commonly connected.
By virtue of this, the shifting speed of shift registers used for serial transferring in an optical printing head in practice is 1/(number of groups) of the serial printing data as transmitted, and common side separation which prevents placing in alignment in one straight line may not be performed.
Further, in the present invention, a printing timing in response to light emission intensity is supplied to each of specified blocks, and preferably wiring is selectively performed for each block from a plurality of printing timings. Consequently, the present invention can selectively obtain printing timings for making light emission intensity constant after arrangement and wiring of elements.
Other objects and features of the present invention will be more apparent from the detailed description hereafter made with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an optical printing head according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of an essential part of a substrate employed for the optical printing head (however, wire bonding thin lines for wiring are omitted).
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a light emitting diode array similarly employed for the substrate.
FIG. 4 is a typical wiring diagram of the substrate as shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an essential part of an optical printing head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a timing chart of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a frequency-power consumption characteristic diagram of various types of driving elements.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are equivalent circuit diagrams of driving elements according to other embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of signal distribution means according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Density of light emitting areas (dots) of a light emitting diode array (hereinafter referred to as LED) employed in an optical printing head substantially corresponds to printing dot density, which density is about 9 dot/mm to 20 dot/mm or over, and a monolithic type LED is employed. There is a limitation in lengthening of an LED in relation to the size of a wafer and yield, and hence the size of an LED is made to be about 6 to 10 mm in length, and the same is utilized in arrangement in lines.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an optical printing head employing such LED, in which LEDs (2) (2) . . . are arranged on a substantially central portion of a substrate (1) of ceramics etc. having patterns, and driving elements (3) (3) . . . are arranged on both sides thereof. This substrate (1) is stacked on a heat sink (4) to be covered by a frame member (6) having a glass member (5). A metal frame member (7) contains these components and is fixed to the heat sink (4). A conductive path (not shown) for the substrate (1) is electrically drawn out to the exterior from a hole (7') provided in the heat sink (4) utilizing an auxiliary substrate (8) and a connector (9).
FIG. 2 is a plan view of an essential part of the substrate (1), in which the LEDs (2) (2) . . . are arranged in alignment on a strip-shaped conductor (11) provided in the center. With respect to the LEDs (2) (2) . . . , as shown in FIG. 3, a GaAsP graded layer (22) gradually changing from the substrate side from GaAs to GaAs0.6 P0.4 and a GaAs0.6 P0.4 layer (23) are grown in a vapor epitaxial manner on an n-type GaAs substrate (21), and light emitting areas (24) (24) . . . are formed by selective diffusion by p-type impurities. Electrodes (25) and (25) for the light emitting areas (24) (24) . . . are longitudinally provided in an alternate manner by aluminum etc. Further, a common electrode (26) of a gold alloy etc. is formed on the back surface of the GaAs substrate (21). The mixed crystal ratio of GaAs and GaP in the GaAs0.6 P0.4 layer (23) is selected in conformity to the photosensitive characteristics of a photosensitive member (not shown) such that, e.g., an amorphous silicon photosensitive member has the maximum sensitivity of 660 nm and hence the mixed crystal ratio is made 0.6, i.e., GaAs0.6 P0.4. In definite exemplification with respect to the LED (2), it has 96 dots of square-shaped light emitting areas (24) (24). . . each in size of 1 mm�8 mm and having a side of 50 μm in a pitch P1 =84.5 μm, thereby to have resolution of 12 dot/mm. In case of a head for an A4 size, the effective recording length (horizontal scanning length) thereof is 216 mm and hence 27 LEDs are arranged in alignment while evenly retaining the dot pitches. These LEDs (2) (2) . . . are placed on and fixed to the aforementioned strip-shaped conductor (11) by a conductive bonding agent etc., whereby all of the light emitting areas (24) (24) . . . are so connected that the n-sides are in common. The driving elements (3) (3) . . . arranged on both sides of the LEDs (2) (2) . . . contain shift registers and LED drivers, and, as hereinafter described in detail, are so wired that those positioned over the light emitting areas drive even number light emitting areas and those positioned under the same drive uneven number light emitting areas respectively in a separate manner, as shown in FIG. 4. Wiring of the same is performed by conductive patterns (12) (12) . . . on the substrate (1) and wire bonding thin lines (not shown) with respect to the same. Three conductive patterns (13a), (13b) and (13c) provided in parallel to the array of the LEDs (2) (2) . . . are duty lines for brightness control, which are also hereinafter described in detail.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an essential part of the optical printing head according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which diodes (20) (20) . . . correspond to the light emitting areas (24) (24) . . . and the LEDs (2) (2) . . . have common cathodes as hereinabove described, which are connected to the minus side (V- or ground potential) of a driving power source. On the other hand, the driving elements (3) (3) . . . are formed by MOS-type LSI, and have shift registers (31) (31) . . . in a bit number (N/2 bits) corresponding to 1/2 of a number N (N=96 in the aforementioned example) of the diodes (20) (20) . . . for one LED (2) and latch circuits (32) (32) . . . of N/2 bits, as well as N/2 of AND gates (33) (33) . . . and driver transistors (34) (34) . . . However, the latch circuits (32) (32) . . . can be omitted when timing control of lighting timing signals and data transfer clocks can be effectively performed. Further, the driver transistors (34) (34) . . . may also be omitted when the current capacity of output stages of the AND gates (33) (33) . . . is sufficient. In a MOS-type transistor, limitation in current capacity is often significant and generally a bipolar transistor array has been separately prepared especially in case of a C-MOS transistor. However, with a driving current for driving the dots by one driver being no more than 15 mA, P-channel open drain MOS transistors can be employed as the driver transistors (34) (34) . . . as shown in the drawing, whereby the driving element (3) can be one-chip monolithized. The sources of the driver transistors (34) (34) . . . are commonly connected to an LED lighting power source (V+), and the drain sides are respectively connected to only odd number ones or even number ones of the diodes (20) (20) . . . per driving element successively. In other words, if the number of the diodes over the entire length is, e.g., 2592, they are numbered from one end as 1, 2, 3, . . . , 2952, to be separated into driving elements directed to odd number ones of 1, 3, 5, 7 . . . and driving elements directed to even number ones of 2, 4, 6, 8 . . . (refer to FIG. 4). Therefore, the shift registers (31) and (31) are separated into two systems of those storing lighting control data of even number light emitting areas (24) (24) . . . and those storing lighting control data of odd number light emitting areas (24) (24) . . . , which are connected in series in the respective systems.
Numerals (41), (42) and (42) indicate a toggle-type flip-flop and AND gates forming signal distribution means for distributing serially transferred bit-unit printing data (D) in the shift registers (31) (31) . . . of the two systems of odd and even numbers and outputting the same. These are adapted to alternately open and close the AND gates (42) and (42) per one pulse of data transfer clocks (φ) and alternately allow passage of printing data signals, thereby to successively distribute the printing data in the aforementioned two systems. Further, output signals (CL1) and (CL2) of the flip-flop (41) are respectively utilized as clocks for data transferring of the shift registers (31) (31) . . . of the respective aforementioned two systems as they are.
Numerals (51) (52) (53) and (54) (54) (54) indicate a trigger circuit (51), an AND gate (52), a counter (53) and set-reset type flip-flops (54), (54) and (54) for producing signals (T70), (T80) and (T90) of the duties of 70%, 80% and 90% of lighting timing based on lighting timing signals (T). Namely, the counter (53) receives the lighting timing signals (T) to count the data transfer clocks (φ), and successively outputs counter outputs when the clock numbers reach those corresponding to 7/10, 8/10 and 9/10 of a lighting timing period (e.g., clock). The flip-flops (54), (54) and (54) receive the rise of the timing signals (T) to be set, and receive outputs (7 clocks, 8 clocks and 9 clocks) of the counter (53) to be reset. Therefore, the outputs are obtained during that period, to become a 70% duty signal (T70), an 80% s of these flip-flops (54), (54) and (54) determine substantial lighting times of the diodes (20) (20) . . . , and hence they are provided on the substrate (1) in patterns in parallel with the direction of alignment of the LEDs (2) (2) . . . , i.e., as the aforementioned duty lines (13a), (13b) and (13c) so that any output line can be selected per element.
These signal distribution means (the flip-flop (41) and the gates (42) and (42)) and intensity control timing means (the trigger circuit (51), the gate (52), the counter (53) and the flip-flops (54), (54) and (54)) are preferably formed by high-speed bipolar transistor logics which are high-speed and excellent in output stability, in the exterior of the substrate (1).
FIG. 6 is a timing chart of an essential part of FIG. 5. The printing data (D) are transmitted by serial transfer of information H and L on lighting and unlighting of the diodes (20) (20) . . . in synchronization with the data transfer clocks (φ) from, e.g., a picture memory, a communication bus or a character code decoder (all not shown). Therefore, the flip-flop (41) forms data transfer clocks (CL1) and (CL2) and the data (D) are guided to the AND gates (42) and (42) thereby to produce uneven number data (D1) and even number data (D2 2) synchronized with the same. Thus, the data can be transferred in the same time as required for transferring original series data, and further, the shifting speed in each of the shift registers (31) (31) . . . is 1/2 of the transfer speed of the serial data.
This is extremely important. FIG. 7 shows a relation between input frequencies and gate power consumption by types of elements, and a low power consumption of a MOS (C-MOS) transistor is obtained when the same is driven at a low voltage, and the response speed is slow at this time. This is because a dynamic power consumption (P) of the C-MOS transistor has the following relation with respect to the input pulse frequency (f), the load capacity (CL) and the power supply voltage (VDD):
It is to be noted that this relation is one with respect to the basic C-MOS unit, and not all of the logics are simultaneously switch-operated when integrated in high density, and a number of gates operate substantially at inner lower clocks and hence the power consumption is less than that in FIG. 7. However, the power consumption can be controlled at a low value slow as the operation speed (data transfer speed) may be, thereby to make effective use of the MOS transistor which is characterized in a low power consumption.
The timing signal (T) for lighting is supplied upon completion of transferring of the printing data (D), and hence the latch circuits (32) (32) . . . are latched by an output (T') of the trigger circuit (51) responding to the rise thereof to fetch parallel output data of the shift registers (31) (31) . . . and output the same thereby to retain the outputs. Since the AND gates (33) (33) . . . perform the high level outputs when the inputting conditions are satisfied, the driver transistors (34) (34) . . . are turned on and the diodes (20) (20) . . . selectively emit lights. When the same lighting timing signals are supplied in the odd number side and the even number side, the selected ones of the diodes (20) (20) . . . are simultaneously lighted without regard to the odd and even numbers. If the lighting timing time has a sufficient margin, the lighting timing can be divided in two for performing time-sharing lighting with the first half in the odd numbers and the latter half in the even numbers. The data of the latch circuits (32) (32) . . . are changed only when there are latch signals, and hence data transferring of the next line can be performed during the lighting.
In definite exemplification, in an optical printing head of A4-size resolution of 12 dot/mm and the horizontal scanning dot number of 2592 dots, the data transfer time was about 1.04 msec (2.1 msec in series connection of all of conventional shift registers) with driving at 5 V and a data transfer clock (φ) of 1.25 MHz, and when the lighting current per dot was 10 mA, the power consumption of the optical printing head in lighting of all dots (lighting duty cycle of 0.40) was 5.1 W.
At least one of input signals of the AND gates (33) (33) . . . of the driving elements (3) (3) . . . is commonly connected per each of the driving elements (3) (3) . . . to be terminal-extracted as dimmer lines (35) (35) . . . The dimmer lines (35) (35) . . . are selectively connected to one of the output lines (T70), (T80) and (T90) of the flip-flops (54), (54) and (54), i.e., the duty lines (13a) (13b) and (13c) by a wire bonding method similarly to other wires.
In assembling of the optical printing head, the LEDs (2) (2) . . . and the driving elements (3) (3) . . . are placed on and fixed to the substrate (1), and wiring is performed except for the dimmer lines (35) (35) . . . The dimmer lines (35) (35) . . . are connected by tentative connection with lighting timing signal (T) lines to perform full lighting (either of simultaneous driving and sequential driving will do) thereby to find the average intensity of the light emitting areas (24) (24) . . . For example, when intensity dispersion of a single unit of the LEDs (2) (2) . . . is 8% and output characteristic dispersion of the driving elements (3) (3) . . . is 18%, the values are substantially within �14% with respect to desired values as a whole. And if the aforementioned average intensity is �5% desired value, the dimmer lines (35) are connected to the output line (T80) (13b) of the 80% duty, and in a similar manner, connected to the output line (T70) (13a) of the 70% duty when the same is +5.1 to +14% (brighter by about 10%) and connected to the output line (T90) (13c) of the 90% duty when the same is -5.1 to -14% (darker by about 10%) respectively in a selective manner. Thus, the whole intensity dispersion is substantially within �5%, and hence uneveness in printing density of the LED printer cannot be visually recognized when light emitting peak wavelength of the LEDs (2) (2) . . . is matched with the photosensitive characteristics of the photosensitive member.
FIGS. 8 and 9 show driving elements (3) which are provided in output stages thereof with means for minimizing intensity dispersion, thereby to prevent characteristic dispersion of diodes (20) (20) . . . of single LEDs (2). In FIG. 8, resistors (36) (36) . . . are connected in series to drains of driver transistors (34) (34) . . . , while constant current elements (37) (37) . . . are connected in a similar manner thereto in FIG. 9. The resistors (36) (36) . . . are formed by structure equal to, e.g., a diffused resistor or a MOS channel transistor, and the intensity can be made uniform as the resistance value is increased. However, if the driving current for the diode (20) is made constant in order to obtain prescribed intensity, the power consumption is more increased in case of a higher resistance value and it is difficult to manufacture one having a high resistance value by application of MOS technique. Thus, the resistance value is preferably 250 to 300 Ω. On the other hand, the constant current elements (37) (37) . . . are formed by self-bias of junction type FET, which FET can be formed by diffusion and evaporation of aluminum electrodes, although the same cannot be manufactured by exactly the same steps as those of MOS circuits of other shift registers etc. Further, when fine adjustment is required in these means, the same may be performed by trimming by etching or by laser light beams in case of the resistors and by supplying connecting lines between gates and drains with resistance components in case of the FET.
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a signal distribution means in another embodiment of the present invention. Although the light emitting areas (diodes) are separated into an odd number group and an even number group, i.e., into groups 2i-1 and 2i (i indicates a natural number) in the aforementioned embodiment, when the same are separated into m groups so that adjacent light emitting areas (diodes) belong to separate groups, the shifting speed of the data in the respective shift registers can be slowed by the group number m, i.e., to the speed 1/m of the serial data transfer speed. In contrast with this, when the shifting speed of the data in the shift registers may not be slowed so much, the serial data transfer speed can be increased, thereby to cope with a superhigh-speed printer. FIG. 10 shows signal distribution means of data (D) when light emitting areas (diodes) are divided into m groups. Employed are m-bit shift registers (43) so that data of the shift registers (43) are produced by a flip-flop (44) which is set at a final bit and reset at the initial bit, thereby to produce 1/m-divided clocks of data transfer clocks (φ). Namely, respective outputs of the shift registers (43) are deviated by one data transfer clock from each other, so that the frequency becomes a pulse train of 1/m of the data transfer clock. By AND of the output of the shift register (43) and the data (D), mi-(m-1), mi-(m-2), . . . , mi (i indicates a natural number) order data are distributed by m AND gates (45) (45) . . . substantially supplying gates for the data. An OR gate (46) is provided for setting the flip-flop (44) by an initial data flag (I) which supplies a first clock timing to be distributed. Although such is not shown, light emitting areas of LEDs must also be divided into m groups so that light emitting areas to be printed with respect to the same belong to groups to be printed, to be coped with m-groups of shift registers which are connected in series per group. Further, if transfer clocks are required for the shift registers, the output signals of the shift register (43) may be utilized.
The optical printing head according to the present invention receives dot information transferred in a high-speed serial manner as inputs, and hence it can be applied to optical printers for printing characters and picture images etc. such as a copying apparatus, a facsimile communication system and a computer terminal. Since data transferring is performed at a low speed in a parallel manner in the head, the present invention is extremely effective in high-speed high-resolution printing. Further, a MOS-type integrated circuit can be utilized by lowering of the transfer speed in the head and the light source is a solid state semiconductor, whereby an extremely quiet optical printing head can be supplied at a low power consumption. Still further, since intensity balance in the light source is adjusted by pairs of driving elements and light emitting diode arrays, the optical printing head can be easily manufactured with printing qualities (printing points and printing density made constant) being extremely excellent. In addition, the dots can be single-arrayed and hence the optical printing head can be easily handled, and further, adjustment with surrounding optical systems (for example, a short-focus lens array and a photosensitive member) whereby the present invention also contributes to simplicity in manufacturing of the optical printer itself and readiness in maintenance thereof.
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UK's James Fisher & Sons plc announces its results for the year ended 31 December 2012.
· Revenue increased by 18%, underlying operating profit by 14% and underlying earnings per share 15%
· Strong performance resulting from the Group's strategy to focus on high growth niche marine services markets
· Specialist Technical benefitted from the BP Angola contract
· Offshore Oil saw improved market conditions in Norway, growth in Asia Pacific, Africa and South America
· Marine Oil produced an improved result and remains profitable and cash generative
· Net debt: ebitda of 1.2 times (2011: 2.1); gearing of 39% (2011: 75%) and strong cash conversion of 132%
· Sale of non-core TRE business for £25.5m in cash realising a profit of £20.9m
· The Board is recommending a 10% increase in the total dividend to 17.70p per share (2011: 16.08p per share)
· Announced: Acquisition of diving and subsea equipment business Divex Limited for an initial cash consideration of £20-m
Commenting on the results, Chief Executive Officer Nick Henry said:
"James Fisher had an excellent year in 2012, demonstrating the continued success of our strategy to focus on niche marine services in high growth markets and trading to date has been in line with management expectations. This, combined with strong market conditions in Offshore Oil and Specialist Technical, as the offshore oil and gas markets continue to develop at a rapid pace, as well as increasing demand for a range of skills to be supplied as a multi-disciplinary contract offering, leave James Fisher well placed to provide further growth and value for our shareholders."
Henrik O. Madsen appointed chairman of the executive board of the Research Council of Norway
DNV GL president and CEO Henrik O. Madsen was appointed as chairman
The Port of Houston Authority is expecting 2014 to close as a banner year for the port, with 34 million tons of cargo handled through November, Executive Director
Hapag-Lloyd completed the planned capital increase of EUR 370 million (approximately $452.5 million) as part of the business combination with the Chilean shipping
The completion of a joint industry project (JIP) to improve existing standards and regulations around subsea lifting operations has resulted in a new recommended practice (RP).
Polarcus Limited has signed a letter of intent with Perenco Oil & Gas Gabon S.A. for a 3D marine seismic acquisition project offshore West Africa.
The project,
Royal Boskalis Westminster N.V., in partnership with Volker Stevin International (VolkerWessels), has been awarded a contract by Iberdrola Renewables Offshore Deutschland
Investors looking for returns in the tanker markets can invest their capital in a variety of ways. Should an owner invest in a VLCC or an Aframax? How about an
U.S. coal companies will no longer be able to settle royalties at low domestic prices when they make lucrative sales to Asia according to reforms proposed by the Interior Department on Friday.

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Nexus 6 vs Samsung Galaxy S5 vs iPhone 6: Nexus 6 to Feature Fingerprint Scanner and More
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By Precious Silva | May 8, 2014 3:24 PM EST
Google's Nexus 6 remains on the headlines as many believe the company will still pursue its release. According to recent information, Google plans on working with LG to create the handset. More importantly, Google's Senior Vice President Sundar Pichai hinted last February that the company plans to launch the Nexus 6 around the second half of the year. What can people expect?
Intel CEO Brian Krzanich speaks about a dual Windows and Android operating system during his keynote address during the annual Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, Nevada January 6, 2014. REUTERS/Robert Galbraith
According to a report by Android Geeks, Pichai confirmed the release of the handset around the last quarter of the year. The website also noted that they obtained information from a trusted insider that Google and LG's partnership remains for the production of the Nexus 6. The design will follow the LG G3 framework.
The report also said that Google may now be ready to go against Apple's Touch ID sensor. The Nexus 6 will reportedly feature a fingerprint scanner. There are no details yet if Google will make the switch to a 5.5-inch screen. Analysts believe that the internet giant and LG may go for a 5.2-inch instead. The display will have a Quad HD screen offering up to 1440 x 2560 resolution. The HTC One Max featured a rear-mounted fingerprint sensor. However, it is not as reliable considering ergonomics.
This means people can expect a new sensor included in the Nexus 6 screen similar to the ones found in Samsung Galaxy S5 and iPhone 5s. Qualcomm also noted that they plan to release Snapdragon 805 processor by the second half of the year. Google has always been particular about the components of its devices therefore it might include the new Snapdragon if it comes out in time.
Google will be holding its I/O developer conference. Many expect Google to unveil the Android 4.5 or 5.0 at that time. According to a report by Android Police, the next Android operating system will feature a "Moonshine" interface. It will also feature many design elements and icons similar to Google's websites.
Google has yet to make an official announcement on both updates.
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Yamaha EPH-20
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Yamaha EPH-100SL Inner-Ear Headphone
"I really like this earphone because it gives you wonderful sound quality at a reasonable cost. When I started listening to all the songs on my laptop with this earphone and also all of the smooth jazz, it was as if the whole world was cut off because of the noise cancellation. I use it on the airplane and I couldnt hear the tons of babies that were on the plane . I tried it with three..." --SandyMan
EM-JE003-FI - Smile Jamaica In Ear Earphones with Apple 3-Button Remote/Mic - Fire
These affordable, eco-responsible in-ear headphones offer sound isolation, three colors to choose from, a comfortable fit with three sizes of ear tips and amazing sound quality. Small and simple, with the smile Jamaica ear buds what you see is what you get. We've stripped the ear buds down to its essence and built it back up using natural materials. Then we stopped when the sound was just...
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A proven model to create high-performing, high-trust organizations
Globally, there has been a decline in trust over the past few decades, and only a third of Americans believe they can trust the government, big business, and large institutions. In The Decision to Trust, Robert Hurley explains how this new culture of cynicism and distrust creates many problems, and why it is almost impossible to manage an organization well if its people do not trust one another. High-performing,… (more)
Publisher: Jossey-Bass (September 13, 2011)
Format: EPUB
Page count: 256 pages
File size: 2.8 MB
Protection: DRM
Language: English


text:
1988 Dodge Truck • 130,000 miles
I have a 1988 Dodge Ram 150 318 A998 automatic. My torque converter locks around 40-45 mph but then kicks in and out. I've read that the 1988 had a non-electric lockup. What could be causing this?
February 18, 2012.
February 18, 2012.
That is correct, it isn't electric. The converter must be worn and need replaced.
Feb 18, 2012.
Feb 18, 2012.
I've been looking at auto part stores websites. Nobody has a converter for the A998. They only have them for the A727 and A904. Is the A998 the same as the A904
Feb 18, 2012.
Feb 18, 2012.
Engine Mechanical problem 1997 Ford Explorer V8 All Wheel Drive Automatic 195,00 miles Need to know what the torque is for my vehicle. I think it is 274lb-ft@3200, but not sure. ...
1 answer • 1997 Ford Explorer
Engine Mechanical problem 1996 Ford Mondeo 4 cyl Front Wheel Drive Manual got the head skimmed and pressure tested 1000 miles ago and was just wondering if you could give me the...
1 answer • 1996 Ford Mondeo
Engine Mechanical problem 2006 Honda Civic 4 cyl Two Wheel Drive Automatic Engine: R18A. Spanish: necesito las instrucciones de torque para el cabezote (culata). I don't know how ...
1 answer • 2006 Honda Civic


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23-25 Princes Square, Off Ilchester Gardens, Westminster, London, W2 4NJ, United Kingdom – Show map – Subway access
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Airport shuttle (surcharge), 24-hour front desk, Tour desk, Fax/photocopying
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The Dorchester - Dorchester CollectionLatest booking: 19 hours ago There are 2 people looking at this guest house.
Located in the heart of the Notting Hill in the West End of London, this boutique, stylish and luxury hotel is situated just a short stroll from Notting Hill Gate and Bayswater Tube Stations.
Score from 1353 reviews Good
St Giles London – St Giles Classic HotelLocated in London's West End, less than 5 minutes' walk from Tottenham Court Underground Station and Oxford Street shops is the St Giles.
Score from 9784 reviews Good
Located less than 100 metres from Hyde Park, the Central Park Hotel is just a 2-minute walk from Queensway Underground Station.
Score from 2952 reviews Review score
Best Western Shaftesbury Paddington Court LondonOnly 300 meters from Paddington Train Station, Best Western Shaftesbury provides direct access to Hyde Park, the upscale Mayfair and Oxford Street.
Score from 3375 reviews Good
I stayed here a couple of years ago when the hotel was undergoing a refit.....what a transformation, excellent. A full sized shower, most unusual in London.
Bathroom/toilet wasn't clean
The location
It doesn't have 4**** requirements according my point of view
It is close to the subway station 5 minutes on foot.
Google map indicated the different place from this hotel. Please take care to check the place. In the night, it is difficult to read the hotel name, because the light locate back side of the hotel plate. When I came back to the room in the evening, room key did not work. It may be battery out. Maintenance person could not repair it, because a manager has already returned home. So, I need to ask a front person to open my room using spare key. Battery should change before its life. The four star hotel should make maintenance such as a key, anytime.
Room was dark. The third bed close to the single glass window was not comfortable to sleep in because of the cool.
Location is handy for Central London
Bathrooms need an upgrade.
The geographic localization is enjoyable. The place is clean and well heated.
Some member of the staff were really unhelpfull, so much that it made me question the four stars... Rooms are quite small, but it's the center of London... An effort could be made on colours and enlightenment of the corridors and room.
Access to rooms no security from lift anyone can come upstairs, no acknowledgement of people coming into reception, could easily walk out with bags held for safe keeping as they are in full view, no tags? When I mentioned that our cups weren't cleaned from the morning before, therefore unable to make a drink in the room the following morning, no apology given , and no alternative refreshment offered . Shower head is so high and was positioned at an angle that completely soaked bathroom, and we couldn't reach it to adjust it! Building lovely, but v noisey outside.
Was good
Location Price
Bathrooms need upgrading
Easy access to the tube stations
We wish the bathroom was bigger for four people.
The room was good but small, thats what you get in London
room could be better
Good location Friendly staff
There is no even curtain in the bathroom... Shower strays on sink, toilet and floor as it is not separated from them. Room is long and narrow like a corridor. No place for suitcase. Bed might be small for large man.
Well appointed room, ensuite nicely decorated. Wifi facility really excellent.
Staff were reluctant to clean our room after we had a lie in on one day. Room was cleaned and to good standard, but had to argue. Tea/coffee in room not topped up.
Near to Paddington, Breakfast
Single room was tiny
This hotel cannot be a 4 stars London hotel! - Receptionist was rude as if she's fed up with customers, Night staff were polite. -Shower is more like a dripping hose, no pressure, no hot water, leaking from all over the hose, no rail, freezing water and ancient mixers. -Cleanness: spare pillows were all stained, the cover for them was stained as well and probably 100 years old. -Tiny room, you can hardly find a space to stand in the room. -NOISE!: the elevator in the hotel is so noisy that it wakes you up every time someone uses it in the hotel, I woke up 20 times in 1 night, to add to that, housekeeping will wake u up for sure, even if not knocking at your door, any door they knock at you will feel it's your room, no noise isolation whatsoever, good luck if you were trying to relax or sleep. It was one of the worst stays for me in a London hotel ever, I think they are counting so much on the location to get occupancies, but serious work needs to be done to the hotel, or it needs to change from a 4 star rating to a hostel to manage customer expectations.
Privacy Location - close to public transport, wide range of restaurants
Small bed Cupboard space
Walls very very thin
Good location. Very close to two underground station
Location, few minutes from Bayswater tube. Shopping centre 5 minutes away. Lots of local shops, pubs & restaurants. friendly & helpful staff.
This is a great little boutique Hotel, with a lovely well-cooked Breakfast, and really helpful staff. It is in a very handy location. The beds are good, and it was super clean. It has all the feaures of a 5* but is small and lovely. I almost do not want to recommend it because now it will always be fully booked!
Excellent location. Very close to both Bayswater and Queensway tube station.
Very small room!!! but very clean so I didn't mind at all.
its a guest accommodation & not a hotel!
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SportsPlay Aluminum Balance Beam
Practice being a future olympic gymnast with this aluminum balance beam! Constructed of galvanized aluminum, this balance beam is both durable and fun! It has a use zone of 13' x 24', which is perfect for exercising developing muscles and interactive skills.
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SportsPlay Aluminum Balance Beam
Additional Documents
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Fitness equipment
|Color: 1: Yellow
|Color: 2: Green
|Color: 3: Blue
|Color: 4: Red
|Age Group: 5-9 Years; 9 Years and up
|Country of Manufacture: United States
About the ManufacturerFrom childhood to pre teens, SportsPlay and it's own brand PlayTown offers a huge selection of fun and safe products manufactured for ultimate quality and lifetime performance. Their mission is to provide fun equipment and exceptional safety on the playground, in the backyard and in the neighborhood. SportsPlay is proud to offer a massive selection with hundreds of products ranging from Playgrounds, Sports Equipment, Classic Play Pieces and more. Also, SportsPlay stands alone because of their products which cater to the disabled population. A wide variety of swings, ramps, support pieces and more allow for handicapped and disabled people of all ages to enjoy all the fun SportsPlay provides as well.
SportsPlay Aluminum Balance Beam
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OUR SKU # SPL1081Aluminum Balance Beam is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 511-107, 511-107-Black, 511-107-Blue, 511-107-Gray, 511-107-Green, 511-107-Orange, 511-107-Purple, 511-107-Red, 511-107-Tan, 511-107-White, 511-107-Yellow


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Liam Hemsworth
Liam Hemsworth Search Results
Wedding Delay?Miley Cyrus and Liam Hemsworth have reportedly decided to hold off on getting hitched. Find out why ...
Heidi's AccentHeidi Klum's German accent, plus more celeb stories on 7 Wonders, hosted by Tim Kash.
Long Engagement?Olivia Wilde apparently won't be repeating the impulsive nuptial folly of her youth ...
Happy Girl?Find out what Miley Cyrus had to say to Ryan Seacrest right after Liam returns to LA ...
Ring ReturnMiley Cyrus has a "party" and invites her engagement ring on today's Celebs Gone Social.
Ring ReturnFind out why Miley had a party with her engagement ring ...
Engagement Over?Get the latest on the split rumors on Replay hosted by Wonderwall's Kirby Kristen.
Fiance ChatMiley Cyrus and Liam are reportedly talking while Liam takes a break from the relationship in Australia.
Kaput?Is it over for Miley and Liam?
Missing RingHours after denying she had called her wedding off, Miley steps out sans ring. What's going on?
From Elle
From Crowd Ignite


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OpenVPN 2.3.6
Configure, build and install the OpenVPN Access Server on your Mac
The OpenVPN software archive includes the source code for the secure access server: to actually use the utility, you must start by compiling the code via the Terminal app. Note that the OpenVPN package includes an Install text document that provides details about the process.
The OpenVPN system comprises three different elements: the OpenVPN Server, the Admin User Interface, or the Admin Web Interface, and the Connect Client. The server component is the one that does all the work in the background: encryption, user management, authentication, tunneling, and so on.
Route your internet traffic through a VPN to protect your privacy
OpenVPN allows you to connect to the internet via a Virtual Private Network in order to secure your traffic from prying eyes. The best part is that, after the server is configured, you can manage and customize the OpenVPN Access Server behavior via a more user friendly web interface.
The available options include the possibility to use layer 2 or layer 3 routing, to change the user permissions, to modify the server network settings, or to handle web server and authentication certificates. Last but not least, you can employ the Connect Client component to access the VPN directly through the web browser.
Powerful VPN solution that can be used to securely access remote networks
The OpenVPN system offers you the possibility to create an OpenVPN server and direct your internet traffic through a secure channel. The server does all the heavy work (routing, tunneling, encryption, authentication), while the user can customize the its configuration via a user friendly web admin interface.
Reviewed by Iulia Ivan, last updated on December 10th, 2014
- file size:
- price:
- license type:
- developed by:
- OpenVPN Technologies Inc
- operating system(s):
- Mac OS X 10.5 or later
- binary format:
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- category:
- Home \ Security
- download hub:
- Virtual Private Network
In a hurry? Add it to your Download Basket!
- systemd: Reworked the systemd unit file to handle server and client configs better
- Add client-only support for peer-id
- Fix to --shaper documentation on the man-page
- Fix assertion error when using --cipher none
Application descriptionOpenVPN is a full-featured SSL VPN solution which can accommodate a wide range of configurations, including remote acc...


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Dizzy Wright - Maintain
Artist: Dizzy Wright
Featuring: Joey BadA$$
Producer: DJ Hoppa
Album: The Golden Age
Avg Rating: 4.1 ( 12 votes )
Two young rhymesayers with a cerebral rhyme style and a fondness for the herb, Las Vegas representative Dizzy Wright and B.K. buzzmaker Joey BadA$$ collide on the latest single off the former's next street album. Fueled by DJ Hoppa dreamy soul samples, Maintain finds the collaborators twisting up some dro as they share their reflections on the struggle. Wright takes the lead, offering a thoughtful take on the contemporary state of black America, and the Pro.Era standard-bearer follows him up with a more free-form lyrical depiction of life in his urban environs. The mixtape to which this joint is attached still lacks both a title and a solid drop date, but don't worry; we'll keep you supplied with further details and song releases as they emerge.
Dizzy WrightJoey BadA$$ IndieStreet Banger
Written by richard on 03/11/13
Submit your Rating
Funk Volume
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"Fly High" (2012)
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T-Shirt Loot is an online store which brings you the best T-Shirts at a highly discounted prices. The idea of tshirt loot came to existence couple ...
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A news presenter Catherine Bosley is most famous for resigning from a newscast after appearing in a wet T-shirt contest. Catherine Bosley wet T-shirt contest...
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21.04.2011 "MY T-SHIRT. LIFE IS A CIRCUS". My T-shirt è nata nel 2009 dalla collaborazione tra il designer e creative director Tomas Lanza ed il brand …
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Fast shipping on most orders. Customizable nadine t-shirts from ... I love Nadine heart T-Shirt. $54.20. Fancy Monogram: Nadine Tees. $23.95., T-Shirt
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The moon's crookedness is caused by our going toward the center of the galactic plane
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Now since I feel I must keep my Word that if someone were to Pin this thread, I would reveal a very Personal Matter, I suppose it's come time.
I have Truly gone off the Grid, awaiting the Time that is this of course:
You would say, but how have you gone off the Grid? You're posting here aren't you? Ha, that's the Conundrum, is it?
Shouldn't take too much thought as to How I can be off the Grid. I own no Cell phone, there's one point to move you in a certain mental direction.
The rest? Well, if someone is curious and questions about it or stumbles upon it, then I guess I'll let you know!
Anonymous Coward 27374412
Why would you be safe anywhere? And I still dont see why something this big would be left out of the masses. I mean, it's not that its going to make a difference is it? Keeping it out.
Anonymous Coward 22879653
That's just it, I don't think we can do anything in and of ourselves to make us "safe" but just Trust in the Creator, who knows all Hearts and Intents! I'd rather place my trust in Him than my own limited mind, any day, tyvm lol (even tho I hate lol)
Keeping it out of the masses, not making a difference? Seriously? They must NOT have social anarchy while they finalize their preparations only for themselves, man!
Anonymous Coward 27374412
Well, I truly have respect for the kind of Faith you have. Though you make me wonder why you made this post. And now I'm heading to a personal struggle too. Because, why even talk about what's going to happen when the world is in the hands of the Creator?
I might understand if your intent is to make clear that there's nothing to trust except Him. But what does that mean? "Trust" Should one not prepare? Is it like; well, people.. the most of us wont be here anymore, but since creation has a purpose, do not worry?
I have this strange feeling I'm showing what you meant with limited mind.
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Chief Operating Officer
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Key Decisions from Gosport Borough Council in Gosport area.
BOROUGH OF GOSPORT NOTICE OF VARIATION GOSPORT BOROUGH COUNCIL pursuant to arrangements made under Section 101 of the Local Government Act 1972 and Section 19 of the Local Government Act 2000 and Local Authorities (Arrangements for the Discharge of Functions) (England) Regulations 2000 with the County Council of Hampshire in exercise of the powers of the County Council under Section 46A and the Council in exercise of its powers under Section 35C of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act") and of all other enabling powers gives the following NOTICE OF VARIATION.
Public notices are pieces of Local Government information that we traditionally placed as adverts within local papers. Now, we offer these same adverts online and in a free printed publication called the Hampshire Independent.
Find out more about public notices in the Hampshire Independent.


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The Addams Family Gomez Addams Adult Costume
Have a sort of gruesome stylishness when you don this officially licensed The Addams Family Gomez Addams adult costume. The pinstriped jacket features an attached shirt and comes complete with a bow tie ans matching pants. Pair with Morticia for a bewitching couples costume and celebrate the…
Addams Family Wednesday Addams Girls Costume
Raise the roof on Halloween when you pirouette and prance through town in this officially licensed Addams Family Wednesday Addams girls costume. Create a little havoc in the black dress with white collar and cuffs, complete with matching belt.
Dream Girl Wig
Transform yourself into a dark haired beauty with this long, black, wavy Dream Girl wig - the wig can be styled to create the look you'd like.
Wizards of Waverly Place Alex Paisley Dress Child Costume
Paisley is pretty and so are you! Step out in style in this Wizards of Waverly Place Alex Paisley Dress child costume. This colorful dress with attached scarf is magical fashion and fun all in one!


text:
Palwal district
|Palwal district
पलवल जिला
|District of Haryana
Location of Palwal district in Haryana
|1. Palwal, 2. Hodal, 3. Hathin
|• Lok Sabha constituencies
|Faridabad (shared with Faridabad district)
|• Assembly seats
|• Total
|1,359 km2 (525 sq mi)
|Population (2011)
|• Total
|• Density
|770/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
|• Urban
|• Literacy
|• Sex ratio
|Major highways
|2(NH-2), KMP Expressway.
|Average annual precipitation
|60-100 mm
|Official website
Palwal district (Hindi: पलवल जिला) is the 21st district of Haryana state in northern India. Palwal city is the headquarters of this district.
The city is situated at a distance of 60 km from Delhi on the Delhi-Mathura highway (NH-2). The latitude of the town is 28° 40' N and longitude is 76° 59' E. The area of town is 22.10 km².[1]
It is a place of great antiquity, supposed to figure in the earliest Aryan traditions under the name of Apelava, part of the Pandava kingdom of Indraprastha, which was later restored by Vikramaditya.[2]
- 1 Geography
- 2 History
- 3 Demographics
- 4 Education
- 5 Transport
- 6 Hospitals
- 9 Administrative set up
- 10 District at a glance
- 11 1 Geographical features
- 12 (A) Geographical Data
- 13 (B) Administrative Units
- 14 2. Population
- 15 3. Agriculture
- 16 4. Forest
- 17 5. Livestock & Poultry
- 18 See also
- 19 References
- 20 External links
Palwal is located at 28°09′N 77°20′E / 28.15°N 77.33°E.[3] It has an average elevation of 195 metres (639 ft).
Palwal consists many temples, Schools, Collage, banks as regard of the infrastructure facilities. It also contains developed areas like Housing board colony, New colony, Main market, shivapuri, Krishna colony, camp colony, Huda sector 2, etc. Government is also putting more emphases toward the economy and development of Palwal as it is situated in mid of developed cities like Delhi, Gurgone, Noida, Faridabad, Mathura at and about an equiv-distance, It consist agriculture based areas as well as commercials areas.
Ancient times[edit]
The city Palwal got its name from a demon, "Palwasur" who ruled this place during the reign of Pandavas. He was killed by Balarama, elder brother of Shri Krishna. In his memory, every year a festival is organised in palwal which is known as "Baldev Chhat Ka Mela". There is also a temple dedicated to Balaram near Municipal Office chowk. Railway Station of Palwal is the place from where Mahatma Gandhi ji were arrested first time. A historical building "Gandhi Ashram" was made in the memory of Mahatma Gandhi
Syed Yusuf Ali Palwali was a noble and rich man from Palwal during the short ruling period of Muhammad Azam Shah and died along with Muhammad Azam Shah on 19 June 1707 at the battle of Jajuwan.[4][5]
In the 17th century, Khan Mohammad from Palwal married his daughter with Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad. Similarly, the son of Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad, Mohammad Baqar, was married to Sultan Bibi from Palwal. The daughter of Mohammad Baqar, 'Khairun Nisan' was also married in Palwal to Mohammad Ikram ibn Sultan Mohammad (alias Qazi Mian of Palwal). The daughter of 'Khairun Nisan' and Mohmmad Ikram namely 'Noorun Nisan' was married with Mohammad Mureeed, son of Qazi Syed Hayatullah. Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi also married in Palwal with Fazal Nisan, daughter of Mohammad Saeed ibn Mohammad Hussain ibn Maulana Abul Khair. These intermarriages show how deep relations were there between Palwal and Sakras.
British Period[edit]
During the British period, Palwal was a part of the Punjab Province and a part of Gurgaon district.
Many persons from Palwal participated in the 1857 revolt against the British forces. Hayat Ali and Khairat Ali were martyred along with 17 people from Palwal only. Hayat Ali after arrest from his house was taken to Delhi and hanged. All male members of his family were ordered to be hanged. Large number of arrest warrants were issued. Interestingly, Tahsildar Palwal impersonate as Bangle seller like a Political decoy, went to the house of Hayat Ali, and saved Nazeer Ali (the grandson of Hayat Ali), who was merely 2 years old, inside a basket fully covered by bangles. He then left the child in the jungles of Nageena near Palwal. Ladies from the family of Hayat Ali, followed him, took the child from jungles and with cautious ultimately reached Tijara. Amongst the 17 people who were hanged in Palwal included the son-in-law of Hayat Ali, whose name was Iradat Ali bin Rustam Ali. When British forces chased the other family members from Pinangwan. The brother of Iradat Ali from Pinangwan, namely Karamat Ali could able to survive his life and ran away to Tijara. He latterly changed his name to 'Zamin Ali'.[6] gf
On 15 August 1979, Gurgaon district was further divided to form a new Faridabad district, and Palwal became a part of it.[7] Finally Palwal became the 21st district of Haryana on 15 August 2008.
According to the 2011 census Palwal district has a population of 1,040,493,[8] roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus[9] or the US state of Rhode Island.[10] This gives it a ranking of 436rd in India (out of a total of 640).[8] The district has a population density of 761 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,970/sq mi) .[8] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 25.49%.[8] Palwal has a sex ratio of 879 females for every 1000 males,[8] and a literacy rate of 70.3%.[8]
As of 2011 India census,[11] Palwal city had a population of 235663 . Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Palwal has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 65%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 67%. In Palwal, 10% of the population is Gurjar Palwal is the most progressive District in the State of Haryana.
Palwal is famous for its schools. There are many school which landmark in development and economy of Palwal. Some of the famous schools are-
- Tagore Shiksha Niketan High School, Thain Mohalla, Palwal
- JLJ Concept School, Mitrol, Palwal [1]
- Dharam Public School Rly Road Palwal
- Govt Senior Secondary School Khambi(Haryana)
- Kendriya Vidyalaya, Karna, Palwal
- St. John's Baptist Public School
- Govt. Boys Sr. Sec School
- SPS International Academy
- D.G.Khan Hindu Sr.Sec. School
- Swami Vivekanand sr. sec. School
- Sanskrit vidyapeeth, gadpuri
- Govt. High School Kulena
- SVN Sr. sec. School Kulena
- JLM Sr. Sec. School Kulena
- GOVT Model Sanskriti School Dhatir (School established by an act of parliament. 2007)
- Saraswati Senior Secondary School
- Haryana Senior Secondary school
- Golaya Progressive School
- Delhi Public School
- Sheffield Academy Day Care and Play School
- DAV Public School
- Tagore academy public school
- KCM World School Palwal
- KCM School Banchari
- KCM Primary School Hassanpur
- KCM Primary School Hodal
- govt. ser.sec devli.
- Swami Vivekanand Sr.Sec School Pelak
- govt.se.sec.school bamnikhera, palwal
- Govt. Ser.Sec Pelak.
modish public school sondh
There are many other which are making their presence notable on many times.
Palwal is the upcoming educational hub in the state. With more than a dozen engineering colleges, management institutes and degree colleges the palwal district is providing a high class educational contribution to the young blood of the country.
Some of the colleges in the city are:-
2 lord krishna college near sarswati college
3.DCTM Delhi College of Technology & Management
4.Gopal Sharma Modern Vidya Niketan Institute of Engineering and Technology - GSMVNIET
5.Les Filles MVN Institute of Engineering & Technology
6.NGF College of Engineering And Technology
7.Saraswati College
8.Shri Ram College of Engineering & Management
9.GGD SD College, Palwal (Mahesh Sharma)
10.Applied college of mgt.& engineering.
11.RITM College of Engineering & Technology
12.AITM Advanced institute of tech. & mgmt.
13.RITM Rattan institute of tech. & mgmt.
14.SCET Satya College of Engineering and Technology.
In regard of education Palwal is in lime light for student. There are about 17 Engineering collages situated with in the limits of Palwal.
There are many trains available from Palwal. Nearest Railway station is Palwal Railway Station. There are many trains available for Delhi. Recently Rail minister started ladies special trains between Palwal and Delhi. There are also many super fast trains available for long distance journeys. Mahatma gandhi was first arrested from palwal railway station.
Kundli–Manesar–Palwal Expressway[edit]
Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway, or Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway (KMP Expressway), is 135.6 km long Expressway being constructed in Haryana, India[1]. Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (KMP) expressway was planned to become operational by June 2009 but may not be ready before 2012. The expressway will act as a Delhi bypass for traffic coming from north of Delhi on NH1 and going to south of Delhi on NH2.
The 135 km long Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (KMP) Expressway in Haryana, also known as the Western Peripheral Expressway, has been divided into three sections of 45 km each. Four flyovers are being constructed at places where the expressway crosses national highways, namely, NH1 near Kundli (Sonepat), NH10 near Bahadurgarh, NH8 near Manesar (Gurgaon) and NH2 near Palwal (Faridabad) and State Highway 13 (Gurgaon to Alwar) near Rozka Meo Industrial Area in Mewat District. Sixteen overpasses and underpasses at crossings on state highways and major district roads; seven overpasses, nine underpasses and 27 underpasses at crossings on village roads; and 33 agricultural vehicular underpasses, 31 cattle crossing passages, 61 pedestrian crossing passages, four railway over-bridges, 18 major and minor bridges, cross drainage works (culverts) at 292 locations, and two truck parking and four bus bays will also be constructed. On December 21, 2010, Haryana Haryana Chief Minister, Mr. Bhupinder Singh Hooda had an aerial survey of the Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (KMP) Expressway and reviewed the progress of its construction work after that as per Haryana government construction company as assured that the 53 km long stretch of the expressway from Manesar to Palwal will be completed by March 2011.[2] However, the stretch had not opened for traffic even by August 2011.
Temples in palwal[edit]
These temples are based on some religious stories and are based on that with having lot of devotees.
- Bhagwan Parsuram Mandir Kulena
- Jangeshwar Mandir
- Dau ji Mandir
- Devi Temple at Cameti Chowk
- Panchwati Temple
- , Baba Udash Nath Mandir ALAWALPUR
- Bhura Giri Mandir Rasulpur Road Palwal
- Shiv Mandir 4-Civil Lines Palwal
- shri krishan tample devli
- Hanuman Mandir,Housing Board Colony
- Rujhani Gurudwara Bali nagar palwal
- Anandpur Mandir Bali nagar
- Prem praksh ashram Jawahar nagar
- Satnarayan Mandir Camp
Palwal has number of technically sound nursing homes and hospitals. Majority of them are clustered in the city only.
- Sukhram hospital
- Bansal nursing home
- Gupta nursing home
- Saluja nursing home
- City hospital
- Rahul nursing home
- Goyal hospital
- Mittal clinic
- Om hospital
- Malik nursig home
- Naresh Thakur hospital
- Balchand Nursing home
- Dharam Hospital Amarpur
- Kishan Singh Hospital
Able Charitable Hospital
These nursing homes strictly prohibit any pre birth sex determination measures.
Being a compelete city Palwal doesn't lack in greenery and public gathering places. Generally these places are very well maintained and promote health consciousness among the local mass.
Some of the famous parks of Palwal city.
- Shradhananda park
- D park
- Panchayat bhvan
- Govt. sr. sec. school
- swami dayanand park(killey wala park)
- Tanki Wala Park
- Bal Bhawan
- D G Khan Hindu
- Tau Devi Lal Park (Town Park)
- Dashera Ground Park
- Huda Park
- Gandhi Park
Apart from that Palwal have many other grounds to play.
Forest Department is running two schemes namely a forestation and soil Conservation Land Reclamation. As per the National Forests Policy of MOEF, Govt. of India about 1/3 of the geographical area should be under tree cover. In order to achieve this objective various special project large scale plantation on community, Panchayat, Government and Private land were undertaken in last 20 years and saplings of Eucalypyus, Shisham, Neem and other fruit plant were distributed free of costs to farmers to plant in their field.
Administrative set up[edit]
District comprises 282 Villages, 237 Gram Panchayats,1 Municipal Council, 2 Municipal Committee, 3 Sub Divisions, 4 Dev. Blocks and 3 Tehsils. Sub Division is under the control of sub Divisional Magistrate while each Dev. Block is under the control of Block Dev. & Panchayat Officer. All the blocks are well covered under Swarn Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna and other developmental programmes. Developmental programmes are being looked after by the Additional Deputy Commissioner-cum Chief Executive Officer, DRDA Palwal. The district is under the overall charge of the Deputy Commissioner who is also the chairman of the District Rural Dev. Agency.
District at a glance[edit]
S.No Particular Year Unit Statistics
1 Geographical features[edit]
|This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (March 2013)
(A) Geographical Data[edit]
i) Latitude 28 degree 40'N ii) Longitude 76 degree 59'E iii) Geographical Area Hectares 136803
(B) Administrative Units[edit]
i) Sub divisions Nos 3 ii) Tehsils Nos 3 iii) Sub-Tehsil Nos - iv) Patwar Circle Nos - v) Panchayat Simitis Nos 237 vi)Nagar nigam Nos - vii) Nagar Palika Nos 3 viii) Gram Panchayats Nos 282 xi) Revenue villages Nos 1246 x) Assembly Area Nos
2. Population[edit]
(A) Sex-wise i) Male 2011 No 5,53,704 ii) Female 2011 No 4,86,789 (B) Rural Population 2011 No 8,04,830
3. Agriculture[edit]
A. Land utilization i) Total Area 2010-11 Hectare 136000 ii) Forest cover 2010-11 -do- 1000 iii) Non Agriculture Land 2010-11 -do- 18000 iv) cultivable Barren land 2010-11 -do- 1000
4. Forest[edit]
(i) Forest 2010-11 Hectare 1368
5. Livestock & Poultry[edit]
A. Cattle i) Cows 2007 Nos. 41694 ii) Buffaloes 2007 Nos. 279560 B. Other livestock i) Goats 2007 Nos. 11983 ii) Pigs 2007 Nos. 3593 iii) Dogs & Bitches 2007 Nos. 13564 iv) Railways i) Length of rail line 2010–11 km 110 V) Roads (a) National Highway 2010–11 km 100 (b) State Highway 2010–11 km 79 (c) Main District Highway 2010–11 km 77 (d) Other district & Rural Roads 2010–11 km 93 (e) Rural road/ Agriculture Marketing Board Roads 2010–11 km 82 (f) Kachacha Road 2010–11 km - (VI) Communication (a) Telephone connection 2010-11 9102 (b) Post offices 2010-11 Nos. 70 (c) Telephone center 2010-11 Nos. 20 (d)Density of Telephone 2010-11 Nos./1000 person 9 (e) Density of Telephone 2010-11 No. per KM. 6 (f) PCO Rural 2010-11 No. 113 (g) PCO STD 2010-11 No. 602 (h) Mobile 2010-11 No. 45720 (VII) Public Health7 (a) Allopathic Hospital (b) Beds in Allopathic hospitals (c) Ayurvedic Hospital (d) Beds in Ayurvedic hospitals (e) Unani hospitals (f) Community health centers (g) Primary health centers (h) Dispensaries (i) Sub Health Centers (j) Private hospitals 2010-11 No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 1 13 - - 3 3 14 2 78 (VIII) Banking commercial
(a) Commercial Bank Nos. 52 (b) rural Bank Products Nos. 29 (c) Co-Operative bank
products Nos. 23
(d) PLDB Branches Nos. 3
(IX) Education (a) Primary school Nos. 698 (b) Middle schools Nos. 171 (c) Secondary & senior secondary schools Nos. 270 (d) Colleges Nos. 19 (e) Technical University Nos. -
Major Exportable Item:- Hydraulic Turbines, Friction Material, Rear Axle Shafts, Elevators and loaders, Cranes, Hoist, Readymade Garments, Needle Rollers . Azoinitiators, Dairy Equipments, Webbing equipments, Malt Extract, Wooden furniture, Dog Food, G.I.Pipes, Pulp, nut bolts, C.I.Castings, Milk Powder, Ghee etc.
See also[edit]
- ^ Palwal Geography Yamuna Action Plan official website.
- ^ Palwal Town The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 19, p. 375.
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Palwal
- ^ Tarikh Mohammadi by Mirza Mohammad bin Rustam Mukhatib b Mohtamid Khan, Vol 2, No. 6: Ed. Imtiaz Ali Arshi, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 1960. pp28
- ^ Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman (2008). "Chapter: Qazi Rafi Mohammad". Ḥayāt-i Karam Ḥusain (2nd ed.). Aligarh, India: Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences. pp. 25–29. OCLC 852404214.
- ^ Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman (2008). "1857 ki Jung-e Azadi main Khandan ka hissa". Ḥayāt-i Karam Ḥusain (2nd ed.). Aligarh, India: Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences. pp. 253–258. OCLC 852404214.
- ^ History Official website Gurgaon.
- ^ a b c d e f "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01.
Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
- ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
Rhode Island 1,052,567
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
External links[edit]
|Gurgaon district
|Faridabad district
|Gautam Budh Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh
|Mewat district
|Hamidpur, aligarh district, Uttar Pradesh
|Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh


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The Undomestic Goddess by Sophie Kinsella is a good book and would be the perfect summer read. It is not a "thinker", it is written much like Sophie Kinsella's Shopaholic series. I read the whole series and I actually liked this book better because the decisions of the main character did not frustrate me. Kinsella actually published this book under her real name, Madeline Wickham in the early 90s but the book was not met with much praise, I think this is because her name was yet not well-known.
The book's main character, Samantha Sweeting, feels completely overwhelmed in her job as a lawyer and is semi-forced into a major career move. This part of the book is far-fetched, so just go with it because it was written to lead to the main plot of the story. Overall, Kinsella's message is that having a prestigious, high-paying job does not mean you will be happy.
Samantha begins to understand more about herself because of the people she meets and the new situations she experiences. Samantha's job involves her moving to a small, rural area where she meets new people, one of them is a handsome gardener. I found the characters to be fairly stereotypical but this is what I expected from this author.
Although the book was predictable, Samantha is a young, funny character. I wanted to see her be successful in her search for happiness and rooted for her until the end. Overall, the book met my expectations.I doubt the book will be praised as a classic of the generation of years from now, but it is a good book to pick up for a laugh and a positive message.
What did you think of this review?
Use Trust Points to see how much you can rely on this review.


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By: Adrian Otto
This continues my series on Rules for Coding in the Cloud. These are rules I've developed after watching applications encounter problems at scale when deployed on Cloud Sites.
A lot of our customers use WordPress, Drupal, or other content management systems and leverage plug-ins and design templates (aka: Themes) supplied by an avid developer community. With so many plug-ins available, it's easy to turn on every plug-in under the sun, which could potentially leave you with a lot of poorly written and sloppy code on your site. Soon there are hundreds of plug-ins consuming resources like crazy.
So the first question we ask anybody who says, "I have a slow WordPress site" is "What plug-ins do you have turned on, and can you turn some off?" The infamous example is the geo location plug-in, which really only calls the web service of a free geo location service (for more details about why this is a problem, see Rule 4 about avoiding external dependencies).
Turn all that junk off.
Make an effort to turn on plug-ins only if you know what they do, who published them, and that they're reasonably efficient—as demonstrated through your own testing or from experience. I wouldn't recommend running experimental plug-ins, especially on a site with a lot of activity. Once you install any plug-in that happens to be in the WordPress "Extend" directory, the next thing you know, your usage is up a hundred times and you receive a hefty compute cycle bill. Many times we will note the day the high usage started and ask if something was installed around that time. The culprit is often a new plug-in. You must not assume that just because a plug-in exists that it's well written or well tested, even if it has positive reviews and a lot of downloads.
Run a test site.
Running a test site is a good idea when you try new plug-ins or any other kind of change that might affect your compute cycle usage. Since you can create another site on Cloud Sites at no additional charge, you can make a copy of your site and upload it to a new area, like test.domain.com. Run a few thousand hits of test traffic through it and look at the compute cycle usage. Then install the plug-in and repeat the experiment so you can see the difference.
The best approach is to turn off all plug-ins and then turn on one at a time, as necessary. Remember that any plug-in, even if it is just there and loaded, consumes additional resources. Ask yourself if you really need all the plug-ins you have loaded and if you are aware of their performance impact. If not, you might want to disable or remove them to ensure better site performance and lower compute cycle bill.
Whilst I found your other posts helpful and even bookmarked them, this one I don't like. You're exaggerating the dangers of plugins/modules.
Basically this article can be summed up: use trustworthy and efficient code, esp. when coming from third party; full stop.
Hope the next post will be better.
Btw, I would welcome also some quality news about what RackspaceCloud prepares for its users in this context. I see little development in terms of speed, functionality and monitoring tools.
For example, one thing that would help us all find plugins of low quality would be precise statistics about how many cycles what scripts consume! MediaTemple has had it for years, so why not the otherwise excellent CloudSites?!
(Besides, still no SSH terminal for CloudSites, slow Control Panel, extremely poor Client Control Panel, too short timeout for DB connections, etc.)
I don't completely agree with Tomas. I have seen many CMS plugins (Joomla in particular) that use very inefficient code. Sometimes just being aware of the fact that crap code exists helps designers/developers consider the penalties for plugin-happy design.
For example, we had one plugin on a number of our websites that our creative department liked to use because it allowed them to display articles in a way that appealed to their creative tastes. Sure, it was useful, and it did it's job. However, after I performed some performance research on some of these sites, I found that this plugin was a common factor for slowness across the board. Each article listed in this plugin required two completely separate MySQL queries, resulting in 100+ queries per request. Furthermore, I found that this plugin reported to support caching (it even had an option to enable caching), but the author did not include any caching logic in his code whatsoever. I had to modify this plugin myself to get the performance we needed.


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Open House
Presented by Brahma Kumaris Center for Peace
March 18, 2012
Join us for an "Open House" to be held Sunday, March 18 at the Learning Center for Peace in Watertown, MA. ***************** The Brahma Kumaris Learning Center for Peace sponsors this FREE open house to introduce the public to raja yoga meditation and our meditation center. Join us on Sunday, March 18, 2012 from 5:00 – 6:30 pm for this unique meditation opportunity. The Learning Center for Peace will be open to all, and students and teachers of Raja Yoga meditation will be on hand to talk with you and answer any questions. The program includes a spiritual art gallery, 'virtuescope' and the virtue wheel, experiential meditation, a video about the organization, and light refreshments. Drop in anytime! All are welcome. "When we change, the world changes." Where: BK Learning Center for Peace 75 Common Street, Watertown, MA 02472 http://www.bkboston.org When: Sunday, March 18, 2012 5:00 – 6:30 pm Admission: FREE of charge RSVP/info: http://www.bkboston.prg • 617-926-1230 • email@example.com
Brahma Kumaris Leraning Center for Peace
75 Common Street
Boston, MA 02472
Admission Info:
General Day and Time Info:
5:00 – 6:30 pm
Accessibility Information: Currently, no accessibility information is available for this event.


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The official forum for all things related to Irish band HumanShield
If you like lions, Tigers, Dogs & Wolves then this is the place to be! Here you can RP as the animal of your choice and help it get through the dangers of the wild!
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Memphis Beat Review: "Inside Man"by Chandel Charles at . Comments
Memphis Beat brought the comedy on "Inside Man."
The episode centered on the apparent resurgence of the famed Fox Meadows Burglars, known for their swift robbery of wealthy residents of the swanky community who disappeared without a trace.
Poised to have the case closed quickly and efficiently, the mayor issued a $50,000 reward that had the whole town clamoring to the MPD with information. In particular, there was Keith Grant, whose eccentric preoccupation with the Fox Meadows case - and even more eccentric personality - made him an enjoyable addition to the Memphis Beat regulars.It was particularly effective of the writers to make Grant a character who Dwight and Whitehead had to appease in order to get access to his small library of notebooks, all filled with details and observations that were key to solving the case.
This made for some entertaining moments, not the least of which was his address to the department and his obvious affection for Lt. Rice. You could tell it was difficult for Dwight and Whitehead to tolerate the man's antics, but this viewer very much enjoyed them.
Grant didn't remain a snarky and unavoidable obstacle throughout the course of the case, however. Memphis Beat and its writers have a talent for making even the most minute of roles wrought with down-to-earth, raw back-stories that enhance their value not only to the show but to the city this program showcases.
It turned out Grant's obsession with Fox Meadows was the direct result of being a victim of a robbery himself. It landed him in the hospital, the culprits were never caught and he eventually lost his wife as a result of his obsession. Ouch! This information immediately gave him depth. You felt a little sorry for the man.
Other memorable moments from the episode included LT. Rice's fatal mistake as she addressed the wealthy homeowners of Fox Meadows about the burglary investigation. All it took was a smile, employed at Whitehead's suggestion, to turn them into angry mob thinking she didn't take the situation seriously. A fun, subtle moment.
I also loved Grant's use of social media to attain Shane's social and pop culture connections, likening his girlfriend to Amy Adams somewhere in between Enchanted and The Fighter. (Both very good movies, BTW.)
We also had Dwight handcuffing Grant to the squad car, only for him to save both Dwight and Whitehead at the storage facility where all the stolen goods were housed. Turning the radio up with his toe through the open window was an intense and entertaining demonstration of gymnastics.
This week's episode took a more lighthearted tone, showcasing the range the series has to offer, and Jason Lee's acoustic version of "When it All Comes Down" wasn't bad, either. His voice still amazes me even after a full season of his performances. Read through the best Memphis Beat quotes now and chime in with your thoughts!
C. Charles is a TV Fanatic Staff Writer. Follow her on Twitter.Tags: Memphis Beat, Reviews
12. Plant a garden, even if it on your nolcaby, and include food plants.13. Begin a journal, if you do not already keep one, even if you only write in it occasionally.
What's not to love? Terrific cast that makes you want to know their stories,and care about their lives.Sexy southern back drop of a great, much ignored city. Jason Lees singing, which I personally believe is very much his own. The drama and crime solving is just a great rack for hanging a fun character study. This is my must see T.V.
What's not to love? Terrific cast that makes you want to know their stories,and care about their lives.Sexy southern back drop of a great, much ignored city. Jason Lees singing, which I personally believe is very much his own.
The drama and crime solving is just a great rack for hanging a fun character study.
This is my must see T.V.
I love everything about this show but the lip sync, obviously not his voice and it sounds like a studio enhanced version. This is not GLEE dudes (where at least they sing their own songs even if they do pre-record them)
melissa: i wondered....that's why i apologized for possibly talking about the "wrong" eppy....i'm NOT real good with eppisode titles. thanks for telling me. alisa
-Rich, just wanted to answer your question: that was Tom/Thomas Lennon (known for Reno! 911 among other things) who played Keith. :) I hope he comes back, he helped make the episode awesome. (Oh - and Alisa that was last week's episode, not this week's, but also a good one - although a LOT less funny).
I really like this program. I could hardly wait for it to come back on! So glad I did! Love Jason Lee and the entire cast!
Who played the Inside Man Keith?
I love the show. It has every emotion going. I always guess the wrong person of "who done it". The music is wonderful. Keep up the great work.
i thought it was a GOOD one...LOVED how he dealt with IAB....NO cop likes that bunch....he was going to make sure, the officer got a fair shake....i LOVED how he was with the son of the fallen officer...i wish we'd see MORE like that in cop shows. i apologize if i'm talking about the wrong eppy. sorry. alisa