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Raise the Red Lantern is a 1991 film directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Gong Li. It is an adaption by Ni Zhen of the 1990 novel Wives and Concubines by Su Tong. The film was later adapted into an acclaimed ballet of the same title by the National Ballet of China, also directed by Zhang. Set in the 1920s, the film tells the story of a young woman who becomes one of the concubines of a wealthy man during the Warlord Era. It is noted for its opulent visuals and sumpt...... more on Wikipedia
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Opinion formation and cyclic dominance in adaptive networks
ABSTRACT The Rock-Paper-Scissors(RPS) game is a paradigmatic model for cyclic dominance in biological systems. Here we consider this game in the social context of competition between opinions in a networked society. In our model, every agent has an opinion which is drawn from the three choices: rock, paper or scissors. In every timestep a link is selected randomly and the game is played between the nodes connected by the link. The loser either adopts the opinion of the winner or rewires the link. These rules define an adaptive network on which the agent's opinions coevolve with the network topology of social contacts. We show analytically and numerically that nonequilibrium phase transitions occur as a function of the rewiring strength. The transitions separate four distinct phases which differ in the observed dynamics of opinions and topology. In particular, there is one phase where the population settles to an arbitrary consensus opinion. We present a detailed analysis of the corresponding transitions revealing an apparently paradoxial behavior. The system approaches consensus states where they are unstable, whereas other dynamics prevail when the consensus states are stable.
- SourceAvailable from: Federico Vazquez[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The dynamics of opinion formation in a society has been lately explored by statistical physicists using different agent based models. Voter and threshold mod-els, used to investigate the competition between two equivalent opinions, are among the most studied. In voter models, individuals adopt the opinion of a random part-ner, while in threshold models an opinion update occurs only when the number of partners with the opposite opinion overcomes a given threshold. In this chapter, we give a brief overview of some variants of these models on coevolving or adaptive networks, recently studied in the literature. We describe how the coupled evolution of opinions and network (coevolution) induces new macroscopic patterns, unseen in static networks, such as stable or metastable coexistence of opinions, or the frag-mentation of the network in communities. The likelihood of each of these outcomes depends on the relative speed of the opinion-spreading and network-adaptation pro-cesses. In this way, consensus of a single opinion is usually achieved when opinions spread faster than the evolution of the network, while for fast adaptation the network splits into static or sometimes dynamic communities of same-opinion individuals. We briefly report on known mean-field approaches used to describe the dynamics of these systems, and discuss about their performance and limitations.Dynamics On and Of Complex Networks, Volume 2, Edited by Animesh Mukherjee, Monojit Choudhury, Fernando Peruani, Niloy Ganguly, Bivas Mitra, 01/2013: chapter 5: pages pp 89-107; Springer New York., ISBN: 978-1-4614-6729-8
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Adaptive coupling, where the coupling is dynamical and depends on the behaviour of the oscillators in a complex system, is one of the most crucial factors to control the dynamics and streamline various processes in complex networks. In this paper, we have demonstrated the occurrence of multi-stable states in a system of identical phase oscillators that are dynamically coupled. We find that the multi-stable state is comprised of a two cluster synchronization state where the clusters are in anti-phase relationship with each other and a desynchronization state. We also find that the phase relationship between the oscillators is asymptotically stable irrespective of whether there is synchronization or desynchronization in the system. The time scale of the coupling affects the size of the clusters in the two cluster state. We also investigate the effect of both the coupling asymmetry and plasticity asymmetry on the multi-stable states. In the absence of coupling asymmetry, increasing the plasticity asymmetry causes the system to go from a two clustered state to a desynchronization state and then to a two clustered state. Further, the coupling asymmetry, if present, also affects this transition. We also analytically find the occurrence of the above mentioned multi-stable-desynchronization-multi-stable state transition. A brief discussion on the phase evolution of nonidentical oscillators is also provided. Our analytical results are in good agreement with our numerical observations.Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena 06/2013; · 1.67 Impact Factor
Page 1
arXiv:1011.1124v2 [nlin.AO] 5 Nov 2010
EPJ manuscript No.
(will be inserted by the editor)
Opinion formation and cyclic dominance in adaptive networks
G¨ uven Demirel1, Roshan Prizak2, P. Nitish Reddy2, and Thilo Gross1
1Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems – N¨ othnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
2Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology – Bombay, Powai, 400076, Mumbai, India
Received: November 8, 2010
Abstract. The Rock-Paper-Scissors(RPS) game is a paradigmatic model for cyclic dominance in biological
systems. Here we consider this game in the social context of competition between opinions in a networked
society. In our model, every agent has an opinion which is drawn from the three choices: rock, paper or
scissors. In every timestep a link is selected randomly and the game is played between the nodes connected
by the link. The loser either adopts the opinion of the winner or rewires the link. These rules define an
adaptive network on which the agent's opinions coevolve with the network topology of social contacts. We
show analytically and numerically that nonequilibrium phase transitions occur as a function of the rewiring
strength. The transitions separate four distinct phases which differ in the observed dynamics of opinions
and topology. In particular, there is one phase where the population settles to an arbitrary consensus
opinion. We present a detailed analysis of the corresponding transitions revealing an apparently paradoxial
behavior. The system approaches consensus states where they are unstable, whereas other dynamics prevail
when the consensus states are stable.
1 Introduction
Networks have been used as a metaphor for describing
complex systems from a vast range of fields [1,2,3,4,5,6].
Many previous studies considered the dynamics of net-
works, a line of research in which the network itself is
treated as a dynamical system. A prominent example is
the preferential attachment mechanism for network growth
leading to scale-free topologies [7]. Other works focused on
the dynamics on networks, where each node carries a dy-
namical state, the time evolution of which is coupled to
other states according to the network topology. Examples
include for instance the synchronization of phase oscilla-
tors [8,9] and epidemics [10,11] on complex networks.
Until ten years ago the dynamics of and on networks
were studied separately in models, whereas it is clear that
both processes typically take place simultaneously in the
real world [12,13]. If one considers both types of dynamics
in the same model, an adaptive network is formed [12,13].
In the past decade adaptive networks have been studied
for instance in the context of epidemiology [14,15,16,17,
18], opinion formation [19,20,21,22,23,24], neuroscience
[25,26,27,28,29,30,31], and emergence of cooperation [32,
33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. They have been shown to exhibit
dynamical phenomena such as robust self-organization to
critical behavior [25], formation of complex topologies[40],
complex system-level dynamics [41], and emergence of lead-
ership [34]. A comprehensive collection of works can be
found in [42].
Correspondence to: firstname.lastname@example.com
An area that has received considerable attention in
adaptive networks research is the behavior of simple para-
digmatic models of opinion formation. These include con-
tinuous models such as Deffuant-type compromise models
[43] and discrete models such as voter-type models [19,20,
The original voter model [44] considers the spread-
ing of opinions across a static network. The nodes, rep-
resenting agents in this network, change their opinion dy-
namically according to a rule capturing social adjustment,
the alignment of opinions with neighboring nodes. A sec-
ond fundamental mechanism not considered in the voter
model is social segregation, i.e. preferential linking be-
tween agents holding similar opinions and rejection of con-
nections to agents of different opinion. Coupling social
segregation with social adjustment leads to an adaptive
network. Adaptive voter models [21,22,23] in which the
network topology coevolves with the state of the nodes are
especially appealing targets for research, because many re-
sults that are found in this simple model appear to hold
also in significantly more complex systems in which many
different opinions interact by a pairwise-symmetric com-
petition [19,23].
For motivating the model considered in the present
paper, let us speculate a bit about opinion formation in
the real world. In many questions of broad importance
such as religious belief or mitigation of climate change,
it is evident that there is multitude of different opinions.
If pairwise comparisons between opinions are made, there
will certainly be some pairings in which the two opinions
under consideration are almost equally attractive, whereas
Page 2
2 G¨ uven Demirel et al.: Opinion formation and cyclic dominance in adaptive networks
in other pairings one opinion is clearly much more attrac-
tive than the alternative. Previous results [19,23] seem to
suggest that even such complex situation can in princi-
ple be understood by considering fundamental motifs of
relationships between opinions: Those opinions that are
clearly inferior to the opinions held by the majority will
certainly vanish exponentially. The competition between
the remaining opinions, which are almost equally attrac-
tive, may then be adequately be captured by the voter-like
models. However, one building block is still missing – the
motif of cyclic dominance. This motif depicts a cycle of
opinions in which every opinion appears superior in com-
parison with the next one in the cycle, but inferior when
compared to the previous one.
We believe that cyclic dominance in opinion dynamics
can appear when topics of broad interest are discussed in
the general public. Although a globally advantageous so-
lution may indeed exist, the agents participating in the
opinion formation process are typically non-specialists,
which may have only partial knowledge of the situation.
For instance in the discussion of public security, it is often
quoted that a) additional security measures are necessary
to stop an increase in crime, b) closed-circuit cameras are
much cheaper than additional police patrols and c) cam-
eras have no quantifyable effect on crime, so one might as
well save the expense for the camera. Together, these (ad-
mittedly partial) arguments define a cycle of dominance
between the three options "do-nothing", "more-police",
and "more-cameras".
The most simple model of cyclic dominance is known
as the rock-paper-scissors(RPS) game. A single RPS game
is played by two agents, each choosing between the three
pure strategies: rock (R), paper(P), and scissors (S). An
agent who has chosen R wins against an agent who has
chosen S, an agent who has chosen S wins against an agent
who has chosen P, and finally an agent who has chosen P
wins against an agent who has chosen R. Thus none of the
options is globally advantageous (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. The cyclic dominance between strategies Rock(R), Pa-
per(P), and Scissors(S). Every option wins against the option
its arrow is pointing to, but loses against the third option.
The RPS game has been studied in different contexts
such as bacterial competition [46,47,48], mating strategies
[49,50], learning in social interaction systems [51,52], and
emergence of cooperation [53,54]. It has been shown that
the cyclic dominance functions as the source of biological
diversity and species coexistence in many biological sys-
tems [46,47,48,49,50,55]. For instance, the three-morph
mating system in side-blotched lizards displays sustained
oscillations, a dynamic form of species coexistence, due
to the cyclic dominance relationship between the three
morphs [49].
The effects of network topology on the RPS game dy-
namics has been the subject of several previous investi-
gations [56,57,58,59,60,61]. In well-mixed systems, cyclic
dominance can be insufficient for ensuring coexistence [56,
62], whereas on regular lattices, it is maintained through
spiral chaos [59,60,61]. Further, in populations of mobile
agents on regular lattices, a non-equilibrium phase tran-
sition from coexistence to exclusion is observed as dif-
fusion of agents is increased [59,61]. When studied on
degree-regularsmall-world networks with annealed and/or
quenched randomness, the RPS game displays non-equilibrium
phase transitions between stable coexistence, oscillations,
and uniformity [57,58].
Here we consider the RPS game on an adaptive social
network. Our model captures the cyclic dominance rela-
tionship between three opinions and the processes of social
adjustment and social segregation. We start by defining
the adaptive RPS game in Section 2. Then, we develop
a low-dimensional analytical approximation in Section 3.
Analytical results from the low-dimensional model and nu-
merical results from agent-based simulations are discussed
and compared in Section 4. We finish by the summary and
discussion of results in Section 5.
2 Adaptive RPS game
We consider a network of N nodes and L links, where
nodes correspond to agents and links represent social in-
teractions. On the network, each node has an internal state
representing its opinion (R, P, or S). The network is ini-
tialized as an Erd˝ os-Renyi random graph and agents are
assigned states randomly with equal probability. The sys-
tem is then left to evolve according to the following rules:
In an update step, a link is chosen at random. If the se-
lected link connects agents in the same state (inert link)
then nothing happens. If the link connects agents in dif-
ferent states (active link) then an interaction takes place,
from which one agent emerges as the winner and the other
as the loser according to the rules of the RPS game. With
probability p, the loser cuts its connection to the winner
and establishes a new connection (rewires) to a randomly
chosen agent of its own state. Otherwise (with probability
¯ p = 1 − p), the loser adopts the opinion of the winner.
We note that both rewiring and adoption events con-
serve the total number of nodes and links in the sys-
tem. Therefore the mean degree ?k? = 2L/N is time-
independent and can be treated as a parameter.
Throughout this paper we measure time in terms of
time steps, corresponding to N/2 update steps, such that
the expected number of games in which an agent partic-
ipates per time step is one. We remark that by selecting
links, highly connected agents participate in more games.
This link update rule has been chosen as it presents a
Page 3
G¨ uven Demirel et al.: Opinion formation and cyclic dominance in adaptive networks3
compromise between the direct and reverse update rules
commonly used in the voter model [24].
3 Low-dimensional model
Previous studies showed that the dynamics of discrete
adaptive networks can be captured by low-dimensional
approximations, describing the global densities of certain
subgraphs in the network [14,16,21,22,23,39,63,64]. In
the following we consider the densities of nodes of a certain
opinion A ∈ {R,P,S}, denoted by [A], and the densities of
links between nodes with given opinions A and B, denoted
by [AB]. These densities are understood to be normalized
to the total number of nodes N, such that
[RR] + [PP] + [SS] + [RS] + [PR] + [SP] = ?k?/2. (2)
Following the procedure in [14], we derive the equa-
tions of motion
dt[R] = ¯ p([RS] − [PR]),
dt[P] = ¯ p([PR] − [SP]),
dt[S] = ¯ p([SP] − [RS]),
dt[SS] = ¯ p
dt[RS] = ¯ p
dt[SP] = ¯ p
dt[PR] = ¯ p
dt[RR] = ¯ p
dt[PP] = ¯ p
+ p[PR],
+ p[SP],
+ p[RS]
− p[RS],
− p[SP],
− p[PR].
The first three equations describe change in the den-
sity of agents holding a given opinion. For instance the
first equation captures the change in the density of agents
holding opinion R, [R], which depends on the gain from
agents of opinion S adopting opinion R at the rate p[RS]
and the loss from nodes of opinion R adopting opinion P at
the rate p[PR]. The next three equations in equation (3)
describe the densities of inert links. Every adoption or
rewiring event creates at least one inert link. In addition,
more inert links can be created in adoption events if the
adopting node has multiple neighbors holding the opinion
that is adopted. This creation of additional inert links is
captured by the quadratic terms in the equations. Finally,
inert links can be destroyed if one of connected agents
adopts the opinion of a third agent. The corresponding
rates then scale both with the density of inert links of
a given type, say [RR], and the rate at which a given
node of the respective type adopts a different opinion,
here p[PR]/[P]. A factor of two arises because changing
the opinion of either of the two nodes on a inert link is
sufficient to turn the inert link into an active link. The
last three equations in equation (3) describe the dynamics
of active links, which are affected by the same processes
as the inert links.
Fig. 2. (Color online) Transient and long term dynamics of the
RPS system. The timeseries show the density of players holding
the opinion P in four different phases: stationary phase (top-
left, p = 0.2), oscillatory phase (top-right, p = 0.3), consensus
phase (bottom-left, p = 0.4), and fragmented phase (bottom-
right, p = 0.8) The insets show the corresponding long-term
behavior in the ternary phase space spanned by the opinion
densities R, P, and S. Parameters: ?k? = 4, N = 106.
Page 4
4 G¨ uven Demirel et al.: Opinion formation and cyclic dominance in adaptive networks
4 Results
In the following we analyze the dynamics of the RPS game
as a function of the parameter p, which can be interpreted
as the relative frequency of social segregation as response
to discomforting interactions. In representative simulation
runs of the agent based model (Figure 2), four different
types of dynamical behavior are evident: First, at small
values of p we observe a stationary phase. Although the
network remains dynamic on the microscopic level of indi-
vidual nodes and links, the macroscopic densities of opin-
ions, [R], [P], and [S], approach a state of stationary co-
existence in the stationary phase. Second, at higher values
of p there is an oscillatory phase where the three opinions
show oscillatory behavior as they go through a stable cy-
cle of succession (Figure 3). Third, if p is increased further
then oscillatory behavior is only observed transiently while
the system goes through oscillations of increasing ampli-
tude. The system then hits the absorbing boundary where
all agents are of the same opinion. In this consensus phase
all links are inert and the dynamics freezes. Fourth, for
high values of p we observe a fragmented phase in which
rewiring rapidly drives the system to an absorbing state in
which the network consists of disconnected communities
in which a local consensus is reached. These results are
summarized in Table 1
Table 1. Dynamical Phases
Stationary ongoingconnected
Consensusfrozen connected
Fragmented frozen fragmented
We locate the transitions between the four phases nu-
merically by simulation of the agent-based model and an-
alytically by computation of bifurcations in the low-di-
mensional approximation. For illustration, a comparison
of the expected maximum and minimum values of [P] in
the long-term dynamics is shown in Figure 4. Although the
diagrams in Figure 4 are similar, there are notable differ-
ences: In the analytical model a) the oscillatory phase is
absent and b) the location of the transition points seems
to be relatively poorly approximated. We argue that the
analytical approximation is nevertheless a valuable tool.
Regarding a) it will become apparent below that the ana-
lytical model, despite the absence of the oscillatory phase,
provides a conceptual framework for understanding the
transitions leading to this phase. Regarding b) we note
that the discrepancies arise mainly from the relatively low
value of ?k?, which we chose specifically to accentuate the
differences. The phase diagram in Figure 5 shows that for
higher ?k? the numerical results approach the analytical
50 80
Fig. 3. (Color Online) Cyclic succession in the oscillatory
phase. Shown are time series of the three variables [R], [P], and
[S] in the long-term dynamics. Parameters: ?k? = 4, N = 106,
p = 0.3.
prediction. It is remarkable that for networks with high
mean degree ?k? the oscillatory and fragmented phase oc-
cupy only a small portion of the parameter space, such
that the system is with high probability in the stationary
phase if p < 0.5 and in the consensus phase otherwise.
For considering the transitions between phases more
closely, we start by computing the location of the steady
state in which the system resides in the stationary phase
?k? −
The corresponding state is stationary irrespective of
p, but is dynamically unstable for p > 0.5. Computation
of the eigenvalues of the system's Jacobian matrix reveals
that the destabilization at p = 0.5 occurs in a Hopf bi-
furcation. Generically, this type of bifurcation can appear
in two different forms [65]. In a supercritical Hopf bifur-
cation, a stable limit cycle emerges as the steady state
loses stability, whereas in a subcritical Hopf bifurcation,
an unstable limit cycle contracts around the stable steady
state and vanishes as the state is destabilized. For distin-
guishing between the two forms of Hopf bifurcation one
computes the first Lyapunov coefficient in the bifurcation
point. This coefficient is negative in the supercritical case
and positive in the subcritical case.
In the present system the corresponding Lyapunov co-
efficient is exactly zero, which corresponds to a degenerate
situation in which the steady forms a center of a dense set
of cycles with neutral stability.
The degeneracy of the Hopf bifurcation in the analyt-
ical model is certainly an artefact of the approximation.
This problem could be fixed by considering higher order
moments in the expansion, which should turn the degener-
ate bifurcation either into a supercritical or a subcritical
Hopf bifurcation. However, already considering network
Page 5
G¨ uven Demirel et al.: Opinion formation and cyclic dominance in adaptive networks5
00.25 0.5
Fig. 4. (Color Online) Comparison of numerical results (top)
with the analytical approximation (bottom). Shown are the
maximum (purple-filled circles) and minimum (blue-empty cir-
cles) values of [P] in the long-term dynamics. Both the sta-
tionary phase (low p) and the fragmented phase (high p) are
characterized by maxima and minima close to [P] = 1/3. By
contrast in the consensus phase some timeseries approach an
all-P state ([P] = 1) while others approach an all-R or all-S
state ([P] = 0). An oscillatory phase, where [P] oscillates in a
finite range, is only observed in the numerical model. Param-
eters: ?k? = 4, N = 106.
moments of third order increases the number of dynamical
equations in the model to 30 and introduces some addi-
tional complications [66]. In the present paper we therefore
do not present the third order expansion, but note that
the numerical results strongly suggest a supercritical Hopf
bifurcation, which explains the onset of oscillations.
We note that the location of the Hopf bifurcation chan-
ges at low mean degree. It occurs at p = (15?k? − 14 −
√6)/(15?k?+ 2− 2√6) if (14+√6)/15 ≤ ?k? ≤ 2. In this
range the Hopf bifurcation is supercritical. However, the
band of oscillations is very narrow; they appear only for
(15?k? − 14 −√6)/(15?k? + 2 − 2√6) ≤ p ≤ 1 − 1/?k?
(Figure 5).
0 25
Fig. 5. (Color online) Phase diagram of the adaptive RPS
game from numerical simulations (top) and the analytical ap-
proximation (bottom). Depending on the values of the mean
degree ?k? and the frequency of rewiring p we find four distinct
phases (labeled, see also Table 1). The oscillatory phase is ab-
sent in the analytical approximation. The numerical results are
based on networks with N = 106.
Let us now move on to the transition to the consen-
sus phase. In this phase the system approaches one of
three consensus states in which all agents on the network
hold the same opinion. Consequently, the density of active
links is zero ([RS] = [SP] = [PR] = 0) and the dynamics
freezes. Any finite system encountering such an absorbing
state must therefore remain there for all time. In small
systems there is a significant probability that a consensus
state is encountered "by accident" regardless of the pa-
rameter values. However, our numerical results show that
in sufficiently large networks the consensus states are only
observed in a certain parameter range. For understanding
the transitions delimiting this range we therefore consider
the thermodynamic limit, N → ∞, captured by the ana-
lytical model.
In the limit of infinite network size, the consensus states
are stationary but not absorbing. Because of the normal-
ization, there can be a finite number of active links, even

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Cooking Time:
- Servings:
- Preparation Time:
- 1 bag dry beans (my favorite is a 15 bean mix)
- 4-6 ham hocks
- 1 large onion, chopped
- 6 cloves garlic, minced (more if desired)
- 1 large bay leaf
- 1 tablespoon oregano
- 1 teaspoon pepper
- salt
- Wash beans and remove all gravel and such.
- 2. Place beans, ham hocks, onions and garlic in a large dutch oven filled with water.
- 3. Add spices.
- 4. Bring to boil.
- 5. Simmer on med-low heat for 4 to 5 hours, adding more water as needed.
- 6. Remove ham hocks when they are tender and falling apart; allow to cool so they can be handled.
- 7. Remove meat from ham hocks (discarding fat and bones) and return to the soup.
- Variation: Use a leftover holiday ham bone or diced ham instead of ham hocks if desired.
NotesComfort food! There is nothing like a pot of ham hocks and beans, a pan of corn bread with maple butter and old fashioned fried potatoes on a chilly winter night to make you feel warm and comfortable. You can make these stove top or in your crock pot. I never bother to soak my beans (but if you are using a pressure cooker, please follow the manufacturers instructions). I just wash them and cook them as below.
Presented by
Holiday Meal Planning
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text:
What does PSS mean in Companies & Firms?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand PSS in the Business field in general and in the Companies & Firms terminology in particular.
Public Sector Solutions
Find a translation for PSS in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss this PSS abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"PSS." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/217574>.
PSS also stands for:
- Packet Switch Stream
- Pad Safety Supervisor
- PageSpeed Service
- painful shoulder syndrome
- Panic Symptom Scale
... and 90 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
Alternative search:
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m25 alternator question
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Re: m25 alternator question
I think I was actually trying to say pretty much what you just did, except that you explain it better. I am fully aware that an alternator simply outputs a voltage, but my point is that a shore charger may output a higher absorption voltage BECAUSE it will switch to trickle when absorption is done. An alternator will not switch, so there has to be a compromise in the absorption voltage, so as to not cause excessive electrolyte consumption over the long term.
You didn't mention the thermal compensation in most alternators. Mine will start out at 14.4V, but once the engine has run for a while and the engine compartment has warmed up, the output will drop to 13.6V or so due to the alternator's internal compensation reacting to the higher temperature. So I'm never going to reach 100%, and 85% is a good assumption. Suits me, as I hate topping off the battery electrolyte.
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This is why chunky cambels soup never got into the rugby game
oh shit
I always wanted to sing a Movie Musical type Song about Dog Shit. DOG SHIT: THE MUSICAL Good morning to you sir And your fine dog sir. A fine day for ...
The O Face The Shit'n Irishman Rules Fer Livin
Shit'n Irishman, giving shitty stoner advice on random shit
Compatish Cookie Face
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Compatish/209641902381790 WELCOME TO Season 2!!! This weeks episode of the Compatish is Cookie Face. Its no secret we Love Guy...
Sittin On Tha Toilet stauing alive rapcraping remix, times 64 mini charlize heads
just a twist on some old shit, literally
Magnificent Kaaboom!!! Officical Selection CA it Awards
Magnificent Kaaboom!!! Officical Selection CA it Awards Motion Graphic
Jarrett Sorko - All Over Your Face (Hand Drawn Lyric Video)
Download "Jarrett Sorko 4 Mayor" FOR FREE @ http://www.jarrettsorko.com/free.html https://jarrettsorko.bandcamp.com Or toss me a couple dollars for it...
Catching Sand
It's a Pod Cast
Angry Billy
In honor of the Solar Eclipse on 10/23


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- 22 Resorts
- Consistent Snow
- Diverse destinations
- Resorts open before those of many other states
- Home to Vail, Beaver Creek, Copper Mountain
"I was up there all day, and it didnt stop snowing. A ton of fresh powder in the morning, and still great skiing later in the day "
"Thin cover, hard packed, machine groomed. Fast. Nasty Ice cookies on rimrock but clean everywhere else. On the bright side, nearly the whole mt is open. Tuckered out seemed to be in the best shape. I had fun, it was a beautiful day. "
OnTheSnow has compiled its list of favorite gifts for those mountain-bounders this season.More


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2y amerrymishap
Normal jennifer
amerrymishap @kenziegraham @amanda_lipke haha, thanks! 2y
amichellehunt Feeling the same tonight 2y
brownbirdy Omg I went for a no thought req redbox....Hysteria., I almost fell out laughing...NOT what I expected, totally decent, but subject matter had me cracking up 2y
urdirtylaundry @amerrymishap :: we'd die without cable. My husband just ordered cable for our new apt to be installed the same day as move in day. 2y
amerrymishap @urdirtylaundry I work too many hours to watch tv. Every once in a while it would be nice, at least we have Netflix and Amazon Prime 2y
englexas I love documentaries on Netflix. I have mostly watched the ones about food though ;) 2y
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NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences
based in Washington, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (USA)
The NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences (NCAS) is a cooperative partnership with four institutions: Howard University (HU) – lead institution, Jackson State University (JSU), the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPRM), and the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), and two major universities: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), and the State ...
Jawaharlal Nehru University, School of Environmental Sciences
based in New Delhi, INDIA
The School of Environmental Sciences was established in the year 1974. The academic programme of the School has been periodically reviewed, revised and updated, keeping in mind the need for sharper focussing, the available expertise at any given time, and the changes desired in curriculum of individual courses or specific programmes. The School has diversified interest in ...
Lakes Environmental Software
based in Waterloo, ONTARIO (CANADA)
Lakes Environmental is committed to supplying robust and easy-to-use air dispersion modeling software to consulting companies, industries, governmental agencies and academia. The introduction of Lakes Environmental's graphical Microsoft Windows-based interfaces revolutionized the field of air dispersion modeling software. Since 1995, Lakes Environmental has been ...
Bruker Group of Companies
based in Coventry, UNITED KINGDOM
Bruker is a world-wide group of companies offering systems and solutions for: Life Science Applications - Process Control - Analytical Research - Bruker is the only manufacturer offering such a wide range of analytical and research systems, products and solutions. With our proven experience in the technologies of: NMR - EPR - FTIR/NIR - Mass Spectrometry - X-Ray we can ...
Los Gatos Research
based in Mountain View, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Los Gatos Research produces portable gas analyzers that provide measurements of gas concentrations and isotope ratios in the field with unsurpassed accuracy, precision, selectivity, speed and sensitivity. Based on LGR's patented cavity-enhanced laser absorption technology, these high-performance, yet easy to use, analyzers offer measurement solutions for the most ...
Dynaflow, Inc.
based in Jessup, MARYLAND (USA)
DYNAFLOW, INC. provides research & development in Applied Sciences. Our capabilities span the spectrum of both applied and fundamental analysis, numerical simulation, experimentation, testing, and software development and experience in: Computational & Experimental Fluid Dynamics Cavitation & Multiphase Flows Underwater Explosions Fluid-Structure Interactions Water Jet ...
Brenk Systemplanung GmbH
based in Aachen, GERMANY
Brenk Systemplanung GmbH, has been specialised as a consulting and engineering company in the fields of applied research, consulting and realisation of technical projects with special emphasis to the demands of health, safety and environmental protection. Our clients expect from us independent, reliable and innovative solutions of their problems.
Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.
based in Portland, OREGON (USA)
Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.`s mission is to serve our customers worldwide and be our customers` single source for their water resource equipment needs. Stevens designs, manufactures and supports a broad range of instruments and accessories that provide water level, water quality, ground water, soil moisture, and weather information. These products are easy to ...
based in Saint-Denis, FRANCE
FLUIDYN is a software company and consultancy group, pioneer in the use of 3D-CFD for environment and industrial risks related simulations. The fluidyn software series is specifically tailored to meet regulatory needs for industrial impact on air and water quality as well as consequence modelling of accidental scenarios. FLUIDYN offices and agents are located worldwide.
Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC)
based in Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC) is the leading provider of environmental modelling software and services, including the ADMS range of software for industrial and urban air quality management. Our software development team continues development of ADMS, GASTAR, FLOWSTAR and EMIT and provides custom made products. Our consulting team can help in ...
Related Terms for atmospheric sciences
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This week
MARTIN'S QUICK BRIEFING: For more tips, alerts & awful puns, follow Martin on Twitter
LAAST OOORDERS... (if they manage to deliver)
The Christmas clock is ticking even quicker than in previous years. E-tailers often snare late shoppers by hiking delivery costs the later you leave it. As normal, to help, we've compiled the Last Order Dates for 80+ stores (top 20 below), including both the last free/cheapest date and the costs after.
Warning: Delivery problems have been rife this time - much worse than normal. Parcel firm Yodel's issues are well documented but it's not alone. Some major stores have brought forward last order dates and more could follow. Even click and collect dates won't necessarily be reliable as many shops use the same firms to deliver to stores as to homes. The golden rule is order today.
Five parcel delivery need-to-knows
With Christmas round the corner, no one wants problems - yet they are happening, so I want to tool you up with your delivery rights...
1. The biggest protection online is you can send it back if it's late. Unlike buying in store, buy online and the Consumer Contracts Regulations mean you can cancel the order within 14 days of arrival for any reason. You've then 14 days to send it back. So if your parcel doesn't arrive in time, you've the lukewarm comfort of knowing you can return it. The exception is personalised or perishable items.
2. Give delivery instructions when ordering. Shockingly, we often hear horror stories of firms leaving parcels in wheelie bins, under bushes, in BBQs or behind rear car wheels to be reversed over. So if you may be out, tell the delivery company where to leave it, or ask a neighbour to receive it.
3. Your contract is with the store, not the delivery firm. Unless you paid directly for the delivery, then it's the store that owes you a duty of care. Don't be fobbed off, it's the one you paid - and it chose to sub-contract out delivery. So contact it, be firm, be polite, and ask for a refund (and maybe compensation).
4. If you take time off work and they don't show, claim compensation. For larger deliveries, if you stay in, taking time off work, then you may be entitled to compensation for your time. This is under the rules of 'consequential loss', but you need to legitimately take EXTRA time off to wait in for the redelivery for it to work. Matty-art got "£150 for multiple cancelled deliveries. It's well worth persisting". FREE template letter and help in Delivery Rights Compensation.
5. Unless it specifically says 'in time for Christmas', rights are difficult. By law, delivery only needs to be "within a reasonable time", which is normally up to 30 days. That's why I started with rule 1 for online goods, ie, the fact you can send them back is your best chance of a refund.
For goods ordered in stores for delivery, unless it's said it will arrive by 25 Dec, it's tricky. So if you order in a store, if you can, ensure it states this and make it agree 'time is of the essence'. If not, it's a risk. See Time Is Of The Essence.
PS. WEEKLY EMAIL DELIVERY PLAN. No delays, but we won't quite be sticking to our 'every Wednesday' routine due to the festive calendar. So next week's email will be sent on Tue 23 Dec; the one after on Fri 2 Jan. Then back to normal.
New. 15mth 0% NO FEE debt shift
The longest fee-free balance transfer for at least five years. Shift existing credit card debts so they cost you NOWT
A balance transfer's when you get a new card that repays debts on an old credit card(s) for you, so you now owe it at a lower rate; helping you get debt-free quicker. We're in the midst of a price war - so it's a great time to sort your debts.
No7 beauty bundle £37 (norm £75 with £122 stuff). Moisturiser, bath soak, mascara, etc. Limited stock. No7
Tesco grocery code. Spend £60, get 500 Clubcard pts (worth up to £20). MSE Blagged. It's a huge food shopping week, so we've a rare 15,000 codes for new AND existing customers. Enter XXMNGM online at Tesco Grocery* by Sat (or till codes run out). Deliv must be this Thu-Sun. 500 points worth £5 in stores, up to £20 via Tesco boost. Tesco
Be prepared - 4% savings for over-65s launch in Jan. As we predicted, NS&I last Fri confirmed Pensioner Bond rates of 2.8% for 1 year, 4% for 3 years - huge best buys. So be ready as they may go quick. Pensioner Bonds analysis
£99 Kindle Fire HDX (was £199, next cheapest £149). We've not seen price for latest model cheaper. Go quick
Watch Breaking Bad & more for FREE online (legally)
Box sets may seem like a decent gift, but for many it's far, far cheaper to watch via online streaming
It used to be you'd get a box set nicely wrapped under the tree. While it lacks the romance, many blockbuster series are now streamed for free, if you can watch 'em quickly enough. Full tips in Cheap Movies & TV Online, here's a trailer...
Tesco Direct £20 off £100 code incl iPads, laptops, Kindles, toys, home electricals and more. Ends Sun. Works on many tech and home electrical items - as prices are normally competitive, useful for big purchases. Tesco code
£10 champagne deals - corking for New Year...
'Free' £10 personalised photo calendar (pay £2 p&p). Go quick for Xmas delivery. See Snapfish.
Tell friends about us. They can get this free every week.
Did your EE broadband Amazon voucher arrive? We've had a long-term hot EE deal where you're emailed £100+ Amzn vouchers within 90 days of installation. Frustratingly, due to EE tracking problems, while most got it, a few didn't. If yours was late, pls email firstname.lastname@example.com (incl name, order date, order reference & email you used to sign up) so we can sort it.
Last chance. Double Tesco points value by Sunday. Don't spend your points on food. Tesco has extended its Christmas double-up, incl toys, electricals and Xmas decs, until Sun. Full info in Reclaim lost Tesco points & boost 'em.
Did you pay for CreditExpert? It may've unfairly sold you ID fraud insurance. We believe Experian's CreditExpert ID fraud insurance may've been unfairly sold to huge numbers. We want people to be reclaim pioneers and try the technique in our pilot guide to see if it works. You could get £100s back. Read the Reclaim CreditExpert guide.
Get £80 Amazon voucher with cheap home insurance
On the 12th day of Christmas MSE gave to me, er... cheap buildings & contents cover (not catchy but it works)
We know it's a naff Christmas hook, but getting better home cover could save some £100s (and protect your presents). There's no single cheapest insurer, so follow our Cheap Home Insurance aria to bag a bargain. Here's a wee carol...
M&S Outlet EXTRA 25% off code. MSE Blagged. 24hr code starts 9am Wed. For items already up to 50% off. M&S
100+ free or cheap tips for festive family fun. Eg, free Winter Wonderlands, Christmas baking ideas at home, weekend cinema deals from £1.50, outdoor ice-rinks from £3 & Ripleys family ticket £42. 100+ Festive Family Fun tips
Show Best Buys
£5 restaurant dinner for two trick. Our Deals Hunters blog shows Amex & Tastecard holders a trick or two.
CODES/VCHS: Brantano 30% off, Dorothy Perkins 25%, Burton £10 off £40 etc
Last chance. Soap & Glory Star Gift £29 (norm £60). In stores only as sold out online. Clean up with this 10-product bundle. Ends Thu or while stocks last. Go quick
Travelex 2hr FLASH currency sale - incl airport pickup
Ensure you get the very best bang for your buck, euro or even dong if you're heading away this Christmas
Overpay for foreign cash and it means you're overpaying for EVERYTHING when abroad, so here's how to get max value...
Success of the week: (Send us yours on this or any topic)
Want to write for MoneySavingExpert? We're recruiting a writer to join our consumer team. See MSE Job Opps.Show Best Buys
Restaurant vouchers
Discount vouchers
Top deals
Quick forum tips
Freebie of the week
Question of the week
Q: If my broadband provider can't supply my new home - even though I want to stay with it and transfer the contract - does it have the right to take payment for the remaining period? Jack, via email
MSE Nick's A: When you get out of a contract early, a provider has the right to charge an early termination fee, even if you cant get a service where you live.
Please suggest a question of the week (we can't reply to individual emails).
|Nick's free game of the week: Apple boom
Can you do better than the MSE team in our Christmas quiz?
That's it for this week, but before we go, last Friday was the MSE Christmas party and Martin set fiendish quiz questions, which we answered in teams (while grinning and bearing it). Now it's your turn to take the MSE Towers Christmas quiz.
We hope you save some money,
Martin & the MSE team
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|Song Title
|Year Released *
|Song Rank
|Please, Can I Keep It?
Laura Leggett Linney (born February 5, 1964) is an American actress of film, television, and theatre. Linney is also a talented singer. She is most well known for her performances in films such as The Truman Show, Mystic River, and Kinsey, among others. She also played the lead role of Cathy Jamison in the Showtime series The Big C, which completed its fourth and final season in May 2013.
List of links to Laura Linney fansites:
Register to update information, save favorites, post photos, news stories and comments.


text: Dari: "Acosta, Eliviva" <firstname.lastname@example.com> Terkirim: Minggu, 13 Juli, 2008 21:57:40 Topik: Dell Notification of Winning... Dell UK Dell House Cain Road Bracknell, RG12 1LF United Kingdom Email: firstname.lastname@example.com AWARD NOTIFICATION ================ Dear Lucky Winner, Thank you for participating in the Dell UK, 2008 lottery program. The Dell UK, 2008 lottery program selection have been performed finally at the Dell UK Corporate headquarters in the United Kingdom. The Dell UK lottery program is a private lottery promotion registered and organized in accordance with the British Gaming Board (B.G.B.), the Lottery Control Commission, United Kingdom (L.C.C.) and the World Lottery Regulation Act (W.L.R.A.). Dell UK was set-up initially to design and manufacture desktop computers and became established in the United Kingdom around 1987. Dell is now the number one (1) PC and commercial laptop supplier in the UK and is renowned for producing high quality state-of-the-art hardware hence this International Lottery Promotional Program. It is on this note that the Dell UK, 2008 Lottery Organizing Committee (L.O.C.) is pleased to officially notify you of the status of your email address application. An official notification of winning is hereby issued to you as your email promotional ticket number; Dell -13-02-96-09, with serial number; Dell /04/2008, and ref no; Dell /01/2008 in batch D /3233 randomly drew for the lucky numbers 000-000-1984 which selected your email address as a winner of our International Lottery Program. You have therefore consequently won the Dell UK, 2008 lottery promo in our first batch lottery promotion of the year. To this extent, we have officially approved a sum payout of One Million British Pounds (GBP 1,000,000.00) only to you as our lottery winner. This amount is from the total prize cash of GBP 5,000,000.00 POUNDS randomly distributed among our five (5) International winners selected by our Lottery Random System Selection (L.R.S.S.). All participants were selected via a computer ballot system drawn from a 100,000 email addresses issued from Australia, New Zealand, United States of America, Middle-East, Europe, North-America and Asia, as part of our International Promotional Program. CONGRATULATIONS ============== The Dell UK, 2008 lottery program's documentation center will immediately commence the processing and documentation of your prize claims as soon as you have contacted them. To begin the processing and documentation of your prize claims, you are to contact the Dell UK, 2008 lottery program's documentation center immediately as stated below; ============================================================= === Contact Person: Mr. Marsh D. Patrick Documentation Officer Dell United Kingdom Lottery Documentation Center Email Address: email@example.com Phone Number: +44-702-4086-287 FaxNumber: +44-871-2474-939 ============================================================= === Please, remember to contact them by please providing them with the compulsory underlisted informations below as soon as possible; 1. Names in full 2. Address 3. Nationality 4. Sex 5. Occupation / Annual Income 6. Phone and/or Fax 7: Ticket Number; Dell -13-02-96-09 8: Serial Number; Dell /04/2008 9: Reference Number; Dell /01/2008 10: Secret Pin Code; #123#Dell UK# **** You are adviced to contact the above correspondence using their e-mailing address not later than twenty-one (21) working days from this email notification. For security reasons, our lucky winners are also advised to keep their winning details from the public to avoid fraudulent acts / claim by unscrupulous members of the public. Congratulations once again, from my humble self and all members of the Dell UK, 2008 Lottery Organizing Committee (L.O.C.). Sincerly Your's, Engr. Lilian Nixon Chairman Dell UK, 2008 Lottery Organizing Committee (L.O.C.) For and on behalf of the Dell United Kingdom.


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|I am revamping my gardening this year, starting with my seed-starting. In the past I have bought the inexpensive black trays from W...M... I haven't loved them. I am looking at ordering a few of these ( http://www.gardeners.com/APS-24/APS_Cat,32-574,default,cp.html or http://www.gardeners.com/on/demandware.store/Sites-Gardeners-Site/default/Link-Product?sku=40-160 ) They are the APS and Fast Start sdelf-watering systems from gardeners supply. I love that they are self-watering, assuming I put water in the reservoirs!
My question is whether I should go with the plastic trays or the styrofoam? I'm thinking I may try both anyway, but thought I would see if there were some real advantages or disadvantages over either.
Follow-Up Postings:
|I haven't sown in styro. I did have one very large styrofoam outdoor planter for a while, and I found it dried out more slowly than glazed clay, or even plastic. The result was with it planted and mixed in with a grouping of other type pots, I was overwatering it - I'm not sure how that helps you, just an observation :) I don't think the price on the one you link is great....
The plastic item you link is not reusable, it's a one year product made of degradeable material. My current cell flats and plug trays have been in use more than 15 years now. I haven't had to reorder so I can't say for sure if the same weight as offered today, but I've certainly gotten my moneys worth from them. They will self water with the available trays.
Here is a link that might be useful: Charley's
|We used to have several discussions here about the APS systems but it looks like they have fallen off the end of the forum now.
As I recall the gist of the discussions was to not believe all the hype about them because their performance does not justify their cost. I know from some personal experience with one of them I got as a gift several years back that damp-off fungus and molds, if they develop, permeates the foam and can't be eradicated. They are also darn hard to get the plants out of for transplanting.
I'd pick good old plastic cell packs over working with the foam any day. They can be cleaned and disinfected and used for years and come in a wide range of sizes. But as morz said the ones you linked to are not reuseable so the cost is even less justified IMO. Check out all the available supplies at novoselenterprises. com
And please don't make the mistake of assuming that capillary matting can't over-water seedlings. It can and it does.
- Posted by nostalgicfarm 5 (My Page) on Mon, Feb 6, 12 at 16:30
|Thanks Dave. The plastic ones are reusable, but they are biodegradable so people don't feel so bad about throwing them away. The styrofoam ones are intended to be reused. I ordered a couple of both types, and an going to look for some heavy duty plastic trays/reusable plastic pots and give several different systems a go. That way I know what I prefer.
I agree that the systems are expensive. The funny thing is that if you order individual pieces (added up to 3 sets), it is less expensive than ordering 3 full systems! Still not cheap, but not expensive compared to a night out at the bar :)
I hope I don't experience the problems you had with yours, although I don't have a whole lot of experience to not have those problems either. Hopefully if I try 3 different systems, I will get some plants this year!!!
|The plastic ones are reusable, but they are biodegradable so people don't feel so bad about throwing them away.
Sorry but biodegradable means the planting cells will begin to break down, to degrade, this season and will not be reusable the following year. Just as peat pots are biodegradable and not reusable. Cornstarch-based materials have been around for several years in the form of garden weed-block disposable pots and that's what they do. You will have to buy new planting trays for the rest of the system since they can't be disinfected.
"The new planting tray is made from a revolutionary cornstarch-based material that offers the sturdiness of plastic but will biodegrade under landfill conditions - there is no need to wash and sterilize at the end of the season because you use a fresh one each year. "
But it is your choice of course. I hope you find them worth it.
|I have four of the APS24 on their second season. Don't use the self water feature from the start. Wait until the seedlings have a little size on them before you fill up the bottoms. I got them as the addon from when I bought their three tier seedling cart. I started wave petunias and marigolds in them last year. This year they have petunias and verbena in them. Using the self watering while seed starting drowns the seeds and tiny plants.
- Posted by nostalgicfarm 5 (My Page) on Mon, Feb 6, 12 at 21:54
|Thanks for the tip franknjim!
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text:
Amber Blackman
Dec 4, 2014
Jonathan E. Benedict
Oct 30, 2014
Darrell W. Cook
Oct 2, 2014
Michael Polchies
Sep 25, 2014
Home » News » Crime
Concord man arrested for assault after tickling children playing in park
CONCORD - A local man is under arrest, accused of pulling up the shirts of three young children playing in a park last week and tickling them.
David Johnson, 35, of Perley St., allegedly tickled one of the children in front of a woman who went to the park after her 9-year-old daughter returned home from the playground and told her about the incident. The little girl was "very upset," police said, and the mother immediately went to the park, near Perley and South streets.
She saw Johnson sitting in the park, yelled at him to leave the playground and to get away from her children. Johnson stood up, walked behind another child, identified as a 5-year-old boy, and tickled him in front of the woman, police said. The woman, who was not identified in a news release, went up to Johnson and continued yelling at him until he finally left the park.
Police said Johnson tickled three children in all, ages 3, 5 and 7. He allegedly lifted up the children's shirts and ticked them on their bare stomachs. None of the children is related to him.
Johnson turned himself into police after investigators obtained a warrant for his arrest.
What's next: He is free on $15,000 personal recognizance bail pending arraignment on three charges of simple assault, class A misdemeanors, May 20 in 6th Circuit Court, Concord District Division.
- Man arrested for failing to register as sex offender - 0
- Two Keene men charged with burglary and assault - 0
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Troy welfare officer indicted for misusing town's moneyREADER COMMENTS: 0
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Murder suspect fit for trial?READER COMMENTS: 0
Murder suspect fit for trial?
'Interview' buzz spreads to NH
Pipeline push gets a second wind
Schaller sent back to minors
Pipeline push gets a second wind
'Interview' buzz spreads to NH
Murder suspect fit for trial?
- Whom do you think bears the brunt of the blame for the mayhem this weekend in Keene?
- KSC students
- 37%
- KSC administration
- 2%
- Police
- 6%
- Visitors from out of town
- 18%
- A combination of any/all of the above
- 37%
- Total Votes: 2483


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The Khokhar or Khokhar are people of the Punjab region of Pakistan and northwestern India. The Khokhars were designated as an "agricultural tribe" and are usually classified as jaat , Jat and Rajput. The term agricultural tribe, according to the Punjab Land Alienation Act, 1900, was at that time synonymous with that of "martial race".[1]
Sultan Shahabuddin Ghori undertook many campaigns against the Khokhar in the Punjab before he was killed by the Khokhars of the Salt Range in March 1206.[2]
In 1240 AD, Razia, the daughter of Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, marched with her husband Altunia to recapture the throne from her brother Muizuddin Bahram Shah. She is reported to have headed an army composed mostly of mercenaries from the Khokhar tribe of the Punjab.[3][4]
In 1246-7 Balban mounted an expedition as far as the Salt Range to chastise the Khokhars.[5] His last campaign was undertaken with the objective of subjugating the turbulent Khokhars of the Salt Range.[citation needed]
Although Lahore was reoccupied by Delhi,[when?], for the next twenty years Lahore remained in ruins, being attacked on several occasion by the Mongols or by their Khokhar allies.[6] Around the same time a Mongol commander named Hulechu occupied Lahore in alliance with Khokhar chief Raja Gulchand, the erstwhile ally of Muhammad's father.[7]
Shaikha Khokhar and Tamerlane[edit]
Raja Shaikha Khokhar (sometimes Sheikha or Shuja) was a chief of the Khokhars in the 14th and early 15th centuries and a contemporary of Tamerlane's invasions into Punjab.[citation needed] Shaikha occupied Lahore in 1393,.[8]
Jasrath Khokhar[edit]
Raja Jasrath Khokhar (sometimes Jasrat or Dashrath)[9] was the son of Shaikha Khokhar. He became leader of the Khokhars upon the death of Tamerlane, escaping prison in order to do so.[clarification needed] He supported Shahi Khan in the war for control of Kashmir against Ali Shah, and was rewarded when victory was achieved. Later, he attempted to conquer Delhi, taking advantage of the death of Khizr Khan. The scheme met with partial success, as he won campaigns at Talwandi and Jullundur but was hampered by the seasonal rains in his attempt to take over Sirhind.[10]
Modern era[edit]
In reference to the British Raj's recruitment policies in the Punjab, vis-à-vis the British Indian Army, Tan Tai Yong remarks:
The choice of Muslims was not merely one of physical suitability. As in the case of the Sikhs, recruiting authorities showed a clear bias in favor of the dominant landowning tribes of the region, and recruitment of Punjabi Muslims was limited to those who belonged to tribes of high social standing or reputation - the "blood proud" and once politically dominant aristocracy of the tract. Consequently, socially dominant Muslim tribes such as the Gakkhars, Janjuas and Awans, and a few Rajput tribes, concentrated in the Rawalpindi and Jhelum districts, ... accounted for more than ninety per cent of Punjabi Muslim recruits.presently the khokhar tribe is vastly located in and nearby ≈uttar pradesh≈ areas such as ≈baraut,muzzafarnagar,baghpat≈.[11]
See also[edit]
- ^ Mazumder (2003), p. 105
- ^ Singh (2000), p. 28
- ^ Syed (2004), p. 52
- ^ Bakshi (2003), p. 61
- ^ Basham & Rizvi (1987), p. 30
- ^ Chandra (2004), p. 66
- ^ Jackson (2003), p. 268
- ^ Syed (2004), p. 147
- ^ Pandey (1970), p. 223
- ^ Singh (1972), pp. 220-221
- ^ Yong (2005), p. 74
- Bakshi, S. R. (2003), Advanced History of Medieval India, 1606 - 1756 2, Anmol Publications, ISBN 9788174880284, retrieved 30 November 2013
- Basham, Arthur Llewellyn; Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas (1987) [1954], The Wonder that was India 2, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, ISBN 978-0-283-99458-6
- Chandra, Satish (2004), From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526), Har-Anand Publications, ISBN 9788124110645, retrieved 30 November 2013
- Jackson, Peter (2003), The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History, Cambridge University Press, retrieved 30 November 2013
- Mazumder, Rajit K. (2003), The Indian army and the making of Punjab, Delhi: Permanent Black (dist. Orient Longman), ISBN 978-81-7824-059-6, retrieved 2011-08-16
- Pandey, Awadh Bihari (1970), Early medieval India (Third ed.), Central Book Depot
- Singh, Fauja (1972), History of the Punjab III, Patiala
- Singh, Nagendra Kumar (2000), International Encyclopaedia of Islamic Dynasties, Anmol Publications, ISBN 978-81-261-0403-1
- Syed, M. H. (2004), History of Delhi Sultanate, New Delhi: Anmol Publications, ISBN 978-81-261-1830-4
- Yong, Tan Tai (2005), The Garrison State: The Military, Government and Society in Colonial Punjab, 1849-1947, Sage Publications India, p. 74, ISBN 9780761933366


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i heard from my good friend who is overseas today. I gave him a brief update of what I have been doing and how I am doing. earlier, I was thinkin... Read more
Have you posted your own blog? If not, learn blogging basics in the article "Using Your Blog at SparkPeople."Learn About Blogging
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text:
24 Sep
Vancouver Sun Apologizes for Calling Jordan Subban "dark guy in the middle"
A bad start to NHL season coverage in Vancouver.
03 May
30 Apr
Sepp Blatter Applauds Adam Silver's Decision, Will FIFA Ever Follow Suit?
For once, FIFA boss didn't immediately put his foot in his mouth.
28 Apr
Donald Sterling's Son-In-Law is Latest to Blast Clippers' Owner
Family dinners will be fun in the future.
28 Apr
State Farm May Pull Sponsorship from LA Clippers Because of Donald Sterling
First of many dominoes?
27 Apr


text:
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text: Press Start: Lead an Empowered Life as a Clinical Laboratorianhttp://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/atom.aspxCommunity Server2014-08-09T21:06:00ZPerson of the Year: The Medical Laboratorianhttp://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/12/21/person-of-the-year-the-medical-laboratorian.aspx2014-12-21T18:48:00Z2014-12-21T18:48:00ZAs we come towards the end of the year several publications generate lists, perform annual reviews and select the most newsworthy items for that year. One eagerly anticipated "contest" every year is the Time Magazine Person of the Year (POTY). This year Time chose " The Ebola Fighters " as their POTY. "They risked and persisted, sacrificed and saved," says the preamble to the declaration. They even waxed poetic by adding, "Not the glittering weapon fights the fight, says the proverb, but rather the...(read more)firstname.lastname@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxSoon an Entire Lab on a Chip?http://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/12/11/soon-an-entire-lab-on-a-chip.aspx2014-12-11T15:29:00Z2014-12-11T15:29:00ZBigger is not always better, it turns out. It seems our appliances, gadgets and instruments are getting smaller; or at least coming in smaller versions, even as they have more capability. I was watching an old crime movie this past weekend and burst out laughing when a detective pulled out a cell phone the size and shape of a brick. That was state of the art technology in communications back then. Over the years cell phones have gotten smaller even as their sophistication has increased. The typical...(read more)firstname.lastname@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxHappy Thanksgiving to Youhttp://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/11/24/happy-thanksgiving-to-you.aspx2014-11-24T18:03:00Z2014-11-24T18:03:00ZIn a few days the country will be celebrating Thanksgiving,but this festive holiday means different things to different people. To many it will be a day off from work, a time to spend with family, to over-eat and drink too much. It will be a time when family members get to show off their favorite recipes, critically assess relatives they haven't seen all year and, if lucky, enjoy a long weekend. To others it signals the start of the Christmas shopping season and an opportunity to start eagerly stimulating...(read more)firstname.lastname@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxHas Ebola Suddenly Gone Away?http://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/11/15/has-ebola-suddenly-gone-away.aspx2014-11-15T23:03:00Z2014-11-15T23:03:00ZJust a few short weeks ago, Ebola was the talk of the town. Both the lay public and healthcare professionals seemed consumed with the topic. Entire cottage industries were born to supply Ebola-proof personal protective equipment (PPE) and to teach Ebola safety. There was a CDC conference call almost daily to update (and modify) guidelines. Hospitals diverted lots of resources to train their staff and to provide PPE in emergency departments and many patient care areas. The nation's largest airports...(read more)email@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxYou Work for Yourself, No One Elsehttp://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/11/09/you-work-for-yourself-no-one-else.aspx2014-11-10T00:39:00Z2014-11-10T00:39:00ZMy dad was so proud of the fact that he worked for the same employer for 40+ years. He was never late, was rarely sick and sometimes went to work despite the fact he was under the weather. He thought he was indispensable and that his employer really valued him. To him loyalty to one employer was huge. He received a small pension - not even the metaphorical gold watch, or a cake and punch party - when he retired riddled with aches and pains. How things have changed. It is now very clear that employers...(read more)email@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxShould Every Laboratory "Clinical Problem" be Handled by a Pathologist?http://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/11/01/should-every-laboratory-clinical-problem-be-handled-by-a-pathologist.aspx2014-11-02T02:52:00Z2014-11-02T02:52:00ZIt seems that experiences always occur in groups. Recently I had 3 separate but similar experiences that made me decide to write this blog. Laboratorians on an online forum were discussing recent issues that their particular labs faced with nursing, such as specimen draws above an IV, many hemolyzed specimens, abuse of stat; the usual. In each instance several respondents said, "Tell the pathologist." The same sentiment was echoed for a physician over-ordering uncrossmatched O negative blood. The...(read more)email@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxGet Back to Basics: Ebola and Other Thingshttp://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/10/22/get-back-to-basics-ebola-and-other-things.aspx2014-10-22T21:46:00Z2014-10-22T21:46:00ZIt is extremely important to get back to basics in whatever we do. This simple edict is so often ignored because- well, because it is so basic. We tend to go for the complicated and glitzy. I thought about this truism when the CDC issued its new more rigorous guidelines this past Monday. There is nothing really complicated about the guidelines at all. What is remarkable is that these guidelines have been used with thousands of Ebola patients for years in Africa. The group Médecins Sans Frontières...(read more)firstname.lastname@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxIs Your Lab Prepared for Ebola?http://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/10/10/is-your-lab-prepared-for-ebola.aspx2014-10-10T23:21:00Z2014-10-10T23:21:00ZJust a few short months ago Ebola was a disease in a far away continent. The greatest fear was that with our internationally mobile population a case or two might slip into the USA. Then 2 Americans in Liberia contracted the disease and were flown back amongst great fanfare to Atlanta's Emory Hospital where they were treated for several weeks, during which they obtained various experimental treatment. They both recovered and were discharged from the hospital. But then there was another case in the...(read more)email@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxWhat's Your Lab Doing about IQCP?http://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/10/08/what-s-your-lab-doing-about-iqcp.aspx2014-10-08T13:41:00Z2014-10-08T13:41:00ZWhy do we run quality control in the laboratory? The simple, obvious answer is to ensure that the entire test system working together is able to produce reliable results. The rub lies in the concept of reliability. So we run QC based on manufacturer's directives. But how does the manufacturer come up with its recommendations for a kit, set of reagents or an analyzer? Then we also run some QC based on regulatory requirements (accrediting agency, CLIA, best practices, state) or based on our organization's...(read more)firstname.lastname@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxLab's Role in Pay for Performancehttp://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/09/20/lab-s-role-in-pay-for-performance.aspx2014-09-20T22:17:00Z2014-09-20T22:17:00ZThe concept of Pay for performance (P4P) is based on the use of incentives to encourage and reinforce the delivery of evidence-based clinical practices in health care; with the goal of better outcomes. As the cost of healthcare has skyrocketed, major payers have adopted P4P as a way of curtailing costs while improving quality of care. The theory is that if providers all adopt proven standardized methods of care, patients will have better outcomes at overall reduced cost to the payers. As an incentive,...(read more)email@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspx AMT Partners with Kidney Fund in New Campaignhttp://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/09/19/amt-partners-with-kidney-fund-in-new-campaign.aspx2014-09-19T22:53:00Z2014-09-19T22:53:00ZAccording to a recent press release , American Medical Technologists ( AMT) has partnered with the American Kidney Fund (AKF) to foster and promote collaborative work focusing on the role of allied health professionals in the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. "Throughout the partnership, AMT will help raise awareness of kidney disease through professional and public education and communications. AMT will also raise funds to support the American Kidney...(read more)firstname.lastname@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxMedical Lab Science to be Featured on Televisionhttp://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/09/07/medical-lab-science-to-be-featured-on-television.aspx2014-09-07T23:10:00Z2014-09-07T23:10:00ZThe medical laboratory science profession will be featured on the Leading Edge , an award-winning program on public television that examines impactful subjects and helps to educate the public about topics they might not otherwise know about; or know very little about A glitzy, professional video prepared by ASCP does a great job of explaining the MLS profession and highlighting the role medical laboratorians play in quality healthcare. Especially encouraging is the fact that the speakers include...(read more)email@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxWhat Do Doctors Want from the Laboratory- Part 2?http://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/08/25/what-do-doctors-want-from-the-laboratory-part-2.aspx2014-08-26T03:50:00Z2014-08-26T03:50:00ZIn the last blog we discussed a CDC survey addressing the difficulties many providers face in ordering and interpreting laboratory tests. The providers admit to having significant challenges in both ordering tests and interpreting laboratory test results. They routinely seek help from various sources, with the laboratory being at the bottom of the list. Further they agree laboratory consultation would be a logical adjunct in helping navigate the information maze, but they don't go that route for...(read more)email@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxWhat Do Doctors Want from the Laboratory?http://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/08/17/what-do-doctos-want-from-the-laboratory.aspx2014-08-17T19:05:00Z2014-08-17T19:05:00ZAs anyone reads my writing knows I am a huge proponent of a more independent practice model for Medical Laboratory Scientists (and MLTs to a degree). A component of that model would be closer interaction with physicians and a willingness and ability to consult with physicians offering advice and information on medical laboratory testing. Often when I make this bold assertion, I receive one of four reactions: A blank stare. What are you talking about? I am a tech, not a doctor. That suggests discomfort,...(read more)email@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspxThe Benefits of Intergenerational Teamshttp://community.advanceweb.com/blogs/mt_2/archive/2014/08/09/the-benefits-of-intergenerational-teams.aspx2014-08-10T01:06:00Z2014-08-10T01:06:00ZAs the workforces ages we find many Baby Boomers (born 1946 to 1964) are retiring and the workforce is increasingly made up of younger individuals. The interesting thing about different generations working together is that values and even work ethics will vary. Oldsters (Boomers like myself) tend to assess younger workers as being sloppy, unprofessional and egotistical. The reality, though, is that very often younger laboratorians and other workers just don't see themselves as "married" to a job...(read more)email@example.com://community.advanceweb.com/members/glenmcdan%40aol.com.aspx


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No. 9
|Self Classified Self Catering
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"No, 9" is in an ideal location for exploring the vibrant market town of Marlborough with its wide variety of independent and chain shops, cafes, pubs and restaurants.
Within a very short drive of Marlborough is the World Heritage Site of Avebury with its ancient stone circle and the beautiful Savernake Forest. A little further afield are the pretty towns of Hungerford, Devizes, Cirencester and Tetbury. Salisbury, Bath, Bristol, Stonehenge, Longleat and Oxford are all within an hour's drive and London is just over an hour away.