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A method for heat bonding a polyester film directly with other film or shaped articles of polyester at a temperature below its melting point by using corona discharge treated polyester film, said polyester being predominantly alkylene terephthalate units and/or alkylene 2,6-naphthalate units and the film therefor.
1. A process for heat-bonding polyester films or sheet-like structures which comprises subjecting to a corona discharge treatment one or both surfaces of a polyester selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, bringing the treated surface or surfaces into direct contact with the surface or surfaces which may be treated of another film or preformed sheet-like structure of said polyester and heat-bonding said films at a temperature from 70�C. higher than the glass transition temperature of the polyester to 10�C. lower than its melting point and an external pressure in the range of 0.01 to 20 Kg/cm2, said corona discharge treatment being performed so that the treated structure has a contact angle of not more than (θ - 10�) and not less than (θ - 45�) wherein θ is the contact angle of the structure before treatment.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said corona discharge treatment is performed so that the treated structure has a contact angle of not more than (θ - 5�) wherein θ is the contact angle of the structure before treatment.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said polyester film or sheet-like structure is a biaxially oriented film or sheet-like structure.
This invention relates to a method for directly heat-bonding polyester films or sheet-like structures to each other or to other shaped articles of polyester, and polyester films or sheet-like structures used in this method.
Polyester films have poor adhesiveness because of their crystallinity, and even for bonding with an adhesive therebetween, it has been the practice to treat the surfaces of the films by various methods in order to render them active, for example by treating the surfaces with various chemicals, or by subjecting the surfaces to the radiation of actinic rays or to corona discharge. However, it has been not easy to obtain bonded articles of polyester films without adversely affecting the desirable properties of the films themselves. This is because the physical properties of the adhesive are inferior to those of the polyester film, and thus, the bonded article is inferior to the base polyester film in mechanical characteristics, chemical resistance, and heat resistance.
Polyethylene films can be directly heat-bonded to each other without any material therebetween by merely superimposing the polyethylene films and heating them to a temperature above the melting point of the films.
Polyester films have considerably different physical properties from those of the polyethylene films, and an attempt to superimpose polyester films and heat them to a temperature above the melting point of the polyester only results in a product which is useless in practical applications. When a polyester is heated to a temperature above its melting point and then cooled, the molecules are crystallized in the non-oriented state to form a very brittle structure. Usually, polyester films are in the oriented and crystallized state, but when they are melted, the orientation is removed, and the characteristics of the films become markedly poor. In particular, it has not been proposed previously to heat-bond films of a polyalkylene terephthalate or polyalkylene-2,6-naphthalate directly to each other at a temperature below the melting point of the polyester in order not to worsen the physical properties of the films.
It has now been found that when one or both surfaces of a polyester film or sheet-like structure are subjected to corona discharge, and bonded to the surfaces, which have been treated, or not treated with, corona discharge, of another film or sheet-like structure or another shaped article of the polyester, they can be heat-bonded at a temperature below the melting point of the polyester. Since the bonding is effected at a temperature below the melting point of the polyester, no deterioration in the physical properties of the films is caused by the removal of the orientation of the films. Furthermore, it has been found that the bond strength of the resulting bonded article is very high, and this superior bond strength cannot be expected from bonded articles obtained by heat-bonding polyethylene films at a temperature above the melting point of the polyethylene, or by heat-bonding polyethylene films which have been treated with corona discharge at a temperature below the melting point of the polyethylene, or by heat-bonding polyester films at a temperature above the melting point of the polyester, or treating polyester films with chemicals and then heat-bonding them.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a method for directly heat-bonding films or sheet-like structures of a polyester composed mainly of alkylene terephthalate and/or alkylene-2,6-naphthalate units to each other or to another shaped article of the polyester without interposing an adhesive or other material there-between to obtain a bonded article of high bond strength.
Another object of this invention is to provide polyester films or sheet-like structures for use in directly heat-bonding to a polyester shaped article, in which the polyester is composed mainly of alkylene terephthalate and/or alkylene-2,6-naphthalate units.
Many other objects of this invention along with its advantages will become apparent from the following description.
The polyester which constitutes the films or sheet-like structures of this invention, such as film, sheet, tape, woven cloth, knitted cloth, or non-woven cloth, is a polyester composed mainly of a poly(alkylene terephthalate) and/or poly(alkylene-2,6-naphthalate) which has hitherto been not expected to be directly heat-bondable. Specifically, this polyester is one selected from the group consisting of (i) a polyester in which at least 80 mol% of the recurring units consists of alkylene terephthalate units, (ii) a polyester in which at least 80 mol % of the recurring units consists of alkylene-2,6-naphthalate units, (iii) a blend of (i) and (ii) in which at least 80 mol % of the total recurring units consists of alkylene terephthalate units and alkylene-2,6-naphthalate units, and (iv) a mixture of a member selected from (i), (ii) and (iii) with another thermoplastic resin in which at least 90 mol % of the total recurring units consists of the alkylene terephthalate units and the alkylene-2,6-naphthalate units.
The aromatic polyester is highly crystalline, and these polyester films or sheet-like structures have extremely low surface activities. It has never been attempted to heat-bond them directly at a temperature below the melting point of the polyester.
Specific examples of the crystalline aromatic polyester are polyesters in which alkylene terephthalate units or alkylene-2,6-naphthalate units account for at least 80 mol % of the recurring units, and the blends or mixtures of these mentioned above. These polyesters can be prepared in a known manner from polyester-forming dihydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol or hexamethylene glycol or polyester-forming derivatives of these, and terephthalic acid or naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, or their polyester-forming derivatives.
These polyesters may contain not more than 20 mol % of another acid component. Examples of the acid component are compounds having a divalent ester-forming functional group, for example, dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid, succinic acid or diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, or lower alkyl esters of these, hydroxycarboxylic acids such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid or p-hydroxyethoxybenzoic acid, or their lower alkyl esters. They may also be those whose terminal hydroxyl groups and/or carboxyl groups are capped by a monofunctional compound such as benzoic acid, benzoylbenzoic acid, benzyloxybenzoic acid or methoxypolyalkylene glycols. Or they may be those modified with a small amount of a trifunctional ester-forming compound such as glycerine or pentaerythritol within the range where a substantially linear copolymer is obtained.
The thermoplastic resin used in the mixture (iv) above may, for example, be polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 66 or nylon 12, and polycarbonate.
The polyester may contain various additives that can be generally incorporated in the polyester films or sheet-like structures, for example, a delusterant such as titanium dioxide, finely divided silica or clay, a lubricant, a stabilizer such as phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid or its esters, or a dye or pigment.
Preferably, the polyester film to be treated with corona discharge has a density of 1.38 to 1.41 g/cm3 (in the case of polyethylene terephthalate), and 1.35 to 1.37 g/cm3 (in the case of polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate). The density was measured at 23�C. There is a tendency that especially high bond strength can be obtained when polyethylene terephthalate has a density of not lower than 1.395, preferably not lower than 1.400, more preferably not lower than 1.405, and the polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate has a density of not lower than 1.356, preferably not lower than 1.360. On the other hand, when the density of the polyethylene terephthalate is less than 1.395, preferably less than 1.390, the heat-pressing time for heat bonding can be shortened. In the case of the polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, the heat-pressing time for heat bonding can be shortened when the density is less than 1.356, especially less than 1.354. The density of the polyester film should be selected according to the desired bond strength and the desired heat bonding time.
Where it is desired to obtain an especially high bond strength and shorten the bonding time, the surface roughness of the heat-bonding films treated with corona discharge is adjusted to not more than 0.3 micron, preferably not more than 0.2 micron, especially preferably not more than 0.15 micron.
The surface roughness is defined as follows: The surface roughness of the sample film along a length of 2.5 mm is measured under a load of 0.1 g using a contact needle-type surface roughness tester with the tip of the contact needle having a radius of 2.5 μ. From the chart obtained, the surface roughness is expressed by the 10-point height stipulated in JIS B0601, which is in practice the same as the 10-point height stipulated in ISO R468.
The polyester film or sheet-like structure to be treated with corona discharge in the present invention may be in the unstretched-unoriented state, stretched-oriented state, or stretched-heatset state. Outstanding heat-bondability can be imparted even to those structures which have been stretched and oriented or stretched, oriented and then heat-treated and which have previously been especially difficult to bond.
The corona discharge treatment itself is well known, and can be performed using a high frequency generating device. Preferably, by properly choosing the discharge conditions such as the treating voltage, the treating current, the treating time, or the distance between the electrodes, the corona discharge treatment of the film or sheet-like structure is carried out so that the contact angle of the treated surface with respect to water (defined by the method to be described) is not more than (θ - 5�) in which θ is the contact angle of the untreated film or structure, preferably not more than (θ - 10�). Usually, it is preferred that the corona discharge treatment be performed so that the contact angle becomes (θ - 45�) to (θ -10�). Usually, a voltage of about 1 to 20 KV, a treating time of 0.001 to 1 second, an interelectrode space of about 0.1 - 5 mm, and a power consumption of about 0.01 to 100 kilowatt.sec. per m.sup. 2 of the film can be employed.
Usually, the corona discharge treatment is carried out at room temperature in air, but if desired, it may be carried out in an atmosphere of other gases such as nitrogen or carbon monoxide. Furthermore, if desired, the temperature may be raised or lowered within a range of -50�C. to a point 10�C. lower than the melting point of the polyester, for example.
The contact angle is measured as follows with reference to FIG. 1 attached to the present specification. A drop of distilled water is placed on a sample film maintained horizontal so that the diameter of the contact circle is 1 to 2 mm. After a lapse of one minute, the water drop is observed in the horizontal direction from the side, and the angle formed between the tangential line a and the film f, as is shown in FIG. 1, is measured at 23�C. and at a relative humidity of 60 %. This angle θ is defined as the contact angle of the film.
In the present invention, a polyester film or sheet-like material one or both surfaces of which have been subjected to a corona discharge treatment is directly heat bonded to a shaped article of the same or different kind of polyester as or from the above polyester in the manner described above with high bond strength. In effecting the bonding, the corona discharge treated surface of the polyester film or sheet-like material is brought into direct contact with the other film or sheet-like structure or other shaped article of the polyester. The surface of the latter film or sheet-like material or shaped article may, or may not, be subjected to a corona discharge treatment.
The heat bonding is carried out at a temperature above the glass transition point of the polyester but below its melting point. Preferably, it is carrried out at a temperature ranging from a point 20�C. higher than the glass transition temperature of the polyester to a point 10�C. lower than its melting point. If the temperature is below the glass transition temperature, it is difficult to obtain good bond strength, and if the temperature exceeds the melting point, the shape of the film or sheet-like structure is deformed to disadvantage. If there is a difference in glass transition temperature or melting point between the two polyester films or sheet-like structures to be bonded to each other, the glass transition temperature described above should be that of the polyester having a lower transition temperature, and the melting point described above should be that of the polyester having a lower melting point.
In order to exclude the intrusion of air into the bonded part and to ensure firm bonding, the heat bonding is preferably carried out at an elevated pressure, usually at a pressure of 0.01 to 20 Kg/cm2. Where a laminate film is to be prepared by the lamination method, the heat bonding can be effected by passing films through nip rolls consisting of a heated metal roll and a rubber roll. When the films are to be heat sealed, the heat bonding can also be effected by a heat sealer which has conventionally been used for polyethylene films, for example. Furthermore, if a polyester tape in accordance with this invention is coiled around a metal rod in a spiral form and heated, the tubular film covering the metal rod can be obtained by being bonded through the shrinkage stress of the tape. When the metal rod is removed, a tubular film can be obtained.
If a proper heat bonding temperature is selected there can be obtained a strippable film by the process of this invention. A bonded polyester film has the property of being easily strippable by contact with water at room temperature if the bonding temperature is below a point 70� to 80�C. higher than its glass transition temperature, but can be used for applications where there is no contact with water. But by utilizing this phenomenon, the film can be utilized as a strippable film for a surface protective layer, for example.
If the bonding temperature of the polyester is above a point 60�C. lower than its melting point, no unusual change is observed in the bonded article even when it has been immersed in boiling water for 60 minutes. Although somewhat depending on the temperature, the bonding pressure may be one which does not permit the intrusion of air bubbles in the case of lamination of films or sheets, and in the case of a porous substance, it may be a contact pressure.
The method of this invention makes it possible to produce thick films (not only two-layered structure but also a multilayered structure having three or more layers). Previously, the thickness of biaxially oriented films of polyester have been restricted to a maximum of about 0.3 mm because of restrictions on equipment such as a tenter. However, according to this invention, a biaxially oriented polyester film having a thickness of more than 0.3 mm, for example, 0.5 mm or 1 mm can be easily produced, and because no adhesive is used, the resulting film can maintain the same characteristics as those of a single film. Furthermore, the method of this invention is suitable for imparting heat-sealability to the films. In an electrically insulating base material composed of the film bonded to a cloth, an improvement of oil affinity of the treated cloth, for example, can be expected.
It is not necessary to bond the film immediately after corona discharge. It has been found that when the films are bonded by the method of this invention after a lapse of 5 months from the corona discharge treatment, an attempt to peel off the films from each other results in fracture of the base material.
The glass transition temperature and the melting point are determined as follows:
In accordance with the thermal expansion measuring method stipulated in ASTM D-864, the relation between the specific volume and the temperature of a sample polyester article. As shown in FIG. 2, the point A at which the coefficient of thermal expansion abruptly changes is defined as the glass transition temperature of the polyester article, and the point B at which the melting of the crystals is over and the specific volume begins to increase gradually is defined as the melting point.
The following Examples illustrate the present invention.
1. Each of a 25 μ-thick biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film having a density of 1.402 g/cm3, and a polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (PEN) film having a density of 1.361 g/cm3 which had been prepared by conventional methods was treated with corona discharge at varying discharge voltages to form films having the water contact angles shown in Table 1. Two sheets of each of the films obtained were heat bonded at the temperature shown in Table 1 and a pressure of 3 Kg/cm2 for a period of 2 seconds. The width of the bonded part was 4 mm.
A rectangular test piece having a width of 1 cm was cut out from the film at right angles to the bonded part, as shown in FIG. 3. The two films of this test piece were pulled vertically by a tensile tester so as to peel off the films from each other. The tensile load was measured. The pulling speed was 100 mm/min. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1______________________________________ Heat Water bonding contact tempera- Peel angle ture strengthRun No. Film (�) (�C.) (g/cm) Remarks______________________________________1 (Comp.) PET 69 210 0 Not treated with corona discharge2 (Comp.) " 69 150 0 "3 (Comp.) " 66 210 0-104 (Comp.) " 66 150 0-105 (Ex.) " 41 210 4006 (Ex.) " 41 150 3507 (Ex.) " 69/41 150 300 Only one surface treated with corona discharge8 (Comp.) " 41 50 09 (Comp.) " 36 150 0 Treated with a chemical10 (Comp.) PEN 70 220 0 Not treated with corona discharge11 (Comp.) " 70 170 0 "12 (Ex.) " 39 220 39013 (Ex.) " 39 170 32014 (Comp.) " 39 70 015 (Comp.) " 37 170 0 Treatment with a chemical16 (Comp.) PE 90 50 0 Not treated with corona discharge17 (Comp.) " 45 50 10______________________________________
Note: The abbreviations used in Table 1 are as follows:
PET polyethylene terephthalatePEN polyethylene-2,6-naphthalatePE polyethyleneEx. ExampleComp. Comparative Example
These PET, PEN, and PE had a glass transition temperature of 75�C., 113�C., and -25�C. respectively, and a melting point of 264�C., 273�C. and 135�C. respectively.
In Runs Nos. 1, 2, 10 and 11, the films used were not treated with corona discharge, and no bonding could be effected.
In Runs Nos. 3 and 4, the films were treated with corona discharge, but since the voltage was low, discharge hardly occurred. The contact angle of the film was also outside the range specified in the present invention, and the resulting bonded articles had a very low bond strength.
The bonded articles obtained in Runs Nos. 5, 6, 12 and 13 had a clear appearance, and when tested as to peel strength, the film assembly itself was delaminated without the breakage of the bonded surfaces.
Runs Nos. 8 and 14 did not give bonded articles because the heat-bonding temperature was too low.
In Run No. 7, the corona discharge treated film (having a contact angle of 41�) was bonded to the untreated film (having a contact angle of 69�). The bond strength of the resulting bonded article was somewhat inferior to that of the bonded article obtained in Run No. 6, but they were found to be firmly bonded to each other.
In Runs Nos. 9 and 15, the films were treated with a chemical instead of corona discharge. The films were immersed for 5 minutes in a solution consisting of 75 g of potassium bichromate, 120 g of water and 1500 g of conc.sulfuric acid, then washed with water, and dried in the air. No bonding could be effected.
A 25μ thick film (No. 16) of low density unstretched polyethylene (PE) was treated with corona discharge under the same conditions as in Run No. 5 to form a corona discharge treated film of Run No. 17. Two sheets of this film were heat bonded in the same way as in the case of PET and PEN. The film No. 16 which was not corona discharge treated was not bonded at all, and the film in Run No. 17 was slightly bonded but the bond strength was low.
2. A biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 100 μ was treated with corona discharge. The treeated surfaces of two sheets of the treated film were heat bonded by a heat sealer with a sealing width of 4 mm at a pressure of 4 Kg/cm2 for 5 seconds.
A rectangular test piece with a width of 5 mm as shown in FIG. 4 was prepared by cutting out from the bonded films at right angles to the sealed part. Using this test piece, the tensile shear strength was measured. The pulling speed was 100 mm/min. The results are shown in Table 2.
The same test was carried out using low density polyethylene films, and the results are also shown in Table 2. The bonded films in Run No. 19 according to this invention has high tensile shear strength.
Table 2______________________________________ Water Heat contact bonding Shear angle temperature strengthRun No. Film (�) (�C.) (kg/cm2) Remarks______________________________________18 (Comp.) PET 69 200 0 Not treated with corona discharge19 (Ex.) " 40 200 5020 (Comp.) PE 90 150 3 Not treated with corona discharge21 (Comp.) " 46 150 2______________________________________
3. The peel strength of various films was measured in the same way as in Runs Nos. 1 to 17. The results are shown in Table 3. It is seen from the table that high bond strength can be obtained by the method of this invention.
Table 3__________________________________________________________________________ Heat 1st shaped article 2nd shaped article bonding Contact Contact tempe- Peel angle angle rature strengthRun No. Material (�) Material (�) (�C.) (g/cm) Remarks__________________________________________________________________________22 (Ex.) PET 25μ 41 PEN 25μ 39 200 370 (film used in (film used in Run No. 5) Run No. 12)23 (Comp.) ditto 41 ditto 39 50 024 (Ex.) PET copolymer 39 ditto 39 200 380 Tg 65�C. containing 5 mol % adipic Tm 260�C. acid (25μ film)25 (Comp.) ditto 39 ditto 39 25 026 (Ex.) ditto 39 PET 25μ 41 190 360 (film used in Run No. 5)27 (Ex.) PET/PEN=95/5 40 ditto 40 210 250 mol % blend (12μ film)28 (Ex.) PET/PEN=95/5 40 PET 25μ 70 210 220 2nd shaped mol % blend (film used in article not (12μ film) Run No. 5) treated with corona dis- charge29 (Ex.) PET/Nylon 66 38 ditto 38 150 300 Tg 70�C. = 95/5 mol (20μ) Tm 263�C.30 (Comp.) ditto 67 ditto 67 150 0 Not treated with corona discharge31 (Ex.) Polytetra- 45 ditto 45 160 400 Tg 30�C. methylene terephthalate Tm 225�C. (25μ)32 (Comp.) ditto 72 ditto 72 160 0 Not treated with corona discharge__________________________________________________________________________
4. Run No. 33 (Example)
A 250 μ thick biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film produced by a customary method was treated with corona discharge to adjust the contact angle of the film to 35�. The treated surfaces of two sheets of the treated film were superimposed and heat bonded by being passed through nip rolls consisting of a metal heated roll and a rubber roll. The temperature of the roll was 215�C. and the linear pressure was maintained at 10 Kg/cm2. The resulting bonded film having a thickness of 500 μ was a completely integrated article, and no peeling from the bonded surfaces occurred in an Elemendorf tear test.
5. Run No. 34 (Example)
A 100 μ thick biaxially oriented film of polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate prepared by a customary method was treated with corona discharge to adjust the contact angle to 37�. A woven fabric having a thickness of about 100 μ composed of filaments spun from the same polyester as above by a customary manner was superimposed on the corona discharge treated surface of the film, and they were passed through the same nip rolls as in Run No. 33. The film was firmly bonded to the woven fabric.
6. Run No. 35 (Comparative Example)
Run No. 34 was repeated except that the film was not treated with corona discharge. The film was not bonded to the fabric.
Patent Citations
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"Mothers Need Time-Outs, Too is breaking new ground for mothers everywhere. It stands the motherhood-as-sacrifice model on its head. The result is healthier moms and healthier families. Bravo!"
--Christiane Northrup, bestselling author of Mother-Daughter Wisdom, The Wisdom of Menopause, and Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom
"What a powerful book! Each and every day in my practice, I see mothers worn out from neglecting themselves. This book offers them thoughtful and exciting new ideas on how to thrive during this stage of life, not just survive."
--Dr. Richard Dupee, contributing doctor to "Today"
"For today's mothers, who are often swimming in--and sometimes drowning in--a vast sea of demands and responsibilities, this book is a life raft."
--Abby Seixas, author of Finding the Deep River Within: A Woman's Guide to Recovering Balance and Meaning in Everyday Life
"The authors give us both a fresh look at society's unrealistic expectations for mothers and new tools to fix the problems those expectations can cause."
--Kate Kellogg, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Management, MIT
Susan Callahan, Anne Nolen, and Katrin Schumann are friends and mothers who live and work in the Boston area. Among them, they have ten kids and more than thirty-five years of experience raising children. They represent a range of parenting lifestyles, from stay-at-home mom to mom with a full-time career.
Besides recommending it to all my friends, I am going to suggest that my mom read it also!
And ultimately, reading this book affirms that me-time for moms isn't a bad thing - on the contrary, it makes us feel good, and helps us be better moms and wives.
I loved this book because it offers sound and realistic advice FOR real moms FROM real moms.
I have not read the book yet but it arrived in poor quality and I bought them as holiday gifts. They look like they have been run over by a car and I'm embarrassed to give them... Read morePublished 23 months ago by Andrea Potts
The person I purchased this from was great! The book was delivered so quickly. And the book looked exactly as it was described in the post. Read morePublished on April 23, 2011 by sweetirishleo7
For Mothers who work over 50 hours and still need to come home to small childern and husband and a mother in lawPublished on May 14, 2009 by D. C. Romero
Okay, this book is just worth having for the adorable cover art. What mom doesn't need and deserve bath time alone? Read morePublished on March 11, 2009 by Kimberley Clayton Blaine, MA, MFT
I enjoyed this book very much. It was insightful and provided information that any mother could implement immediately. There is alot to like about this book. Read morePublished on June 17, 2008 by Mia Redrick
This book is right up my alley. With a subtitle, "It's Good To Be A Little Selfish", this is the book I have been waiting for. Read morePublished on June 6, 2008 by Claudine Wolk
I read this book over a weekend and loved it! Even though I'm not a mom yet, I'm starting to look for parenting books in preparation of the eventuality of it. Read morePublished on April 23, 2008 by C. Romero
I'm from the generation when women were convinced that we could do-it-all, and do-it-all to perfection. Read morePublished on April 17, 2008 by Sharon K. Couto
I got a copy of Mothers Need Time-Outs, Too on a Friday morning and had it finished Saturday afternoon. Even with 3 kids under 4 and pregnant with my 4th, I couldn't put it down. Read morePublished on April 17, 2008 by Audrey McClelland

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2121 N. Westmoreland St, Arlington, VA 22213703-533-1363
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Hollywood's Commuter is a simple, economical hitch rack that's easy to use and keeps your bikes safe. This versatile and handy carrier fits both 1 1/4- and 2-inch receivers and carries up to 2 bikes. Soft rubber protects the finishes, integrated tie-down straps keep the bikes from swaying and Hollywood's No Wobble hitch pin keeps the rack in place. Plus, this smart rack conveniently tilts for easy cargo access, and its arms fold too.
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CA deadly pertussis epidemic
Find a Conversation
|Thu, 06-24-2010 - 1:04pm
An example of what can happen in communities with low vax levels (in this case, due to poor access to healthcare among migrant farm workers).
|Sat, 06-26-2010 - 6:36pm
"If it were a deadly disease then ALL of the people who got it would die."
Crunchy, now you're just being ridiculous and downright mean-spirited.
|Sat, 06-26-2010 - 6:45pm
"I never said, well its the wrong recommendation so no one is complying"
I understood your original meaning.
|Mon, 06-28-2010 - 9:24am
Honestly, crunchy, if you want to be rude, snide and derogatory towards everyone who doesn't agree with you
|Mon, 06-28-2010 - 1:16pm
What is your response then to vaccines that have killed people? Is that just considered the price for maintaining the herd and calling it a public duty? (just curious). Or, how about chorinic illnesses? Is that just considered the "small price to pay"?
You said: "Most of us consider things with a reasonable possibility of killing someone to be deadly.
|Mon, 06-28-2010 - 9:19pm
"Because of being mandatory for school admittance (other than allowed exemptions),"
That is the stupidest sentence I believe I've ever read before...
And yes I do realize that the wording is everything these days considering how dumb much of society is.
|Mon, 06-28-2010 - 9:30pm
"Crunchy, now you're just being ridiculous and downright mean-spirited."
Mean spirited? NO! LOGICAL!!!
Over 900 did NOT DIE! 5 vs 900??? Seriously??? UGH!
"The article also says..."
You know, what a journalist has to say really doesn't concern me much since I'm already aware of the many many lies and ignorant statements they make. I'm sorry that you put so much emphasis on opinion pieces. Since you like them so much, I'll go dig up what Dr. Tenpenny had to say about this DEADLY outbreak (insert eye roll).
"but I certainly hope this didn't happen with your prior knowledge, otherwise, I'd think you're off your rocker for sure!"
I have no idea what that statement means. Prior knowledge? You mean the prior knowledge that since my brother was brain damaged by the Pertussis portion of the vaccine (per doctors) that I had the *Prior Knowledge* to know better than to vaccinate my kids with the potentially deadly vaccine? Or, by your accounts, and since VAERS does list thousands of deaths (representing less than 10% of reality) which occurred right after the vaccine - THE DEADLY VACCINE? Is that the way I should word that Gina?
|Mon, 06-28-2010 - 9:33pm
but if it's publicized more, I'm betting more people will.
If the FAILURE of the vaccine was publicized *at all* then we would have a few less ignorant people in the world.
Sheeple on!
|Mon, 06-28-2010 - 9:35pm
"I guess if a disease must kill all people who contract it to be deadly in your terms, you don't think heart disease or cancer are deadly. Or AIDS, or hepatitis."
I know that the treatments can be!


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Aldemar Village
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... three ?? mules going down to pick up the wood. Shortly we came to the cave ( you may see a parking lot on your left with busses just keep going.) The cave has an admission of ?? which allows you to walk down about 30 or so stars to the cave. Shoulders and knees must be covered. Although it has obviously been enhanced, you can still experience the essence of the cave. As we arrived the ships tour was just leaving so we had the place to ourselves except for ...
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... during which the coach thermometer showed it dropped from 29 to 21 degrees. There was the obligatory cafe stop which added at least 25 minutes to the journey. Barry came back to the coach though with a Turkish Eye for me.
No rep at the hotel or on the coach, just a CD the driver played as we approached the airport.
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Inside one long queue followed another. A ...
Idillic Bay day
... Estonia at 7 so we headed to the same bar to watch the match. 0 - 1 another England win and a good enough match to watch. It was just before 9pm so too late for the hotel restaurant. We headed into town to the Florida Bar. 3 course filet steak meal for £12 including a drink. A very nice steak and a friendly waiter. A nice change to the hotel food. Back to the hotel - still no wifi and after several beers and wine no packing either. That will wait until ...
A La Carte day
... We the had a Tunisian moment as I told Barry I had been stung and tried to pull out the stinger while in intense pain. Barry though had a page and a half to go! He finally got the message as I pointed out to him the reading time was over. Trouble was this coincided with waffles time. The barman gave us a strange look as we asked for just a glass of ice and I adjourned to the toilet to give myself some first aid. With the ice ...
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Lomeniz HotelG. Mavrou & Konstantinidi Street, Rhodes | Hotelfrom $36
Marie HotelKos Street 7, Rhodes | 3 star hotelfrom $65
Hotel Athena27, G.Leontos Str, Rhodes | 3 star hotelfrom $58
Blue Sky Beach HotelPsaropoulas Square, Rhodes | 4 star hotelfrom $67
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Ibiscus Hotel17 Nisyrou Street, Rhodes | 4 star hotelfrom $122
City Center Hotel2 Iroon Politechniou St., Rhodes | 3 star hotelfrom $66
Aquarium View HotelG Haritou Square, Rhodes | 4 star hotelfrom $69
Rhodos Beach HotelAkti Kanari Street 19, Rhodes | 3 star hotelfrom $77
Rodos Park Suites & Spa12, Riga Fereou Street, Rhodes | 5 star hotelfrom $173
Lydia Hotel25th March street 31, Rhodes | 2 star hotelfrom $80
Athineon Hotel17, Vironos Str., Rhodes | Hotelfrom $96
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Continental Hotel8 Agiou Ioannou, Rhodes | 4 star hotelfrom $54
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Last edited by sediment; 10-08-2013 at 01:08 PM.
"Here You Leave the World of California Today and Enter the World of, um, er, California Today."
Again, the AP Program would not be the one thing causing every single problem in DL if there were only 40000 or so buying them.
But, it's over a million. I don't think DL has to discount itself so much for so many people. At the expense of full-paying guests who don't get their money's worth because of the excessive crowds, and who decide not to visit ever again.
"Here You Leave the World of California Today and Enter the World of, um, er, California Today."
Afterwards, when discussing the day with other relatives, they each brought up this anecdote. See my parents were born in 1947 and 1950. In Cuba and Puerto Rico respectively. And yet BOTH of them watched Walt's Disneyland program. And BOTH would beg their parents to take them to Disneyland. Which might have been on the other side of the world for what it was worth!
My mom has in fact, made it to Disneyland once (in 1993!), my dad still hasn't (I am hoping to take them both in the next two years, though since they have walking issues, this will involve lots of planning.) But the point is, two little kids, living on islands in the Carribean were "targetted" by Walt. He absolutely wanted people from all over to come!
When we are saying there are "too many locals" and "full paying guests" should get priority, we're back to saying "I want someone else to get out of the park to make room for me." Disneyland is for everyone: locals and tourists.
As to the full paying thing, there are always discount tickets, and there always have been. So if we want to nix APers because they don't pay full rack rate, are we knocking out those who bought discount tickets from Kaiser, Costco, the military base or their professional organization? Does that person who paid full price for a Hopper get priority over the person who paid full price for a single day ticket? Or should that be the opposite since with a multiple day Hopper, the guest is paying less per visit? With a six day ticket, for instance, it works out to $50/day of access to both parks, as opposed to $137 for a single day's access. Military members pay $41/day with their discount. So just how far do we want to take this?
And lest that seem hyperbolic or far off from AP prices: yes, some people go every week. However, I'd wager that a lot of APs are like me and show up once a month or so. My pass is $370, so if I'm going, say, ten times a year, I'm paying $37/visit, which isn't so far off from some of the discounts. The difference is that I'm fronting/promising more money to Disney in advance and perhaps budgeting it over time.
APs DO pay full price: the full price established for their pass type. Just about every type of leisure activity has dynamic pricing. If you quiz ten people on an airplane or at a hotel you will probably find ten different prices, for the same access.
Last edited by Malina; 10-09-2013 at 01:07 AM.
Merida looks like this. Not a Barbie doll!
Just bring back ticket books. Problem solved.
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Merida looks like this. Not a Barbie doll!
Merida looks like this. Not a Barbie doll!
If I had a limited amount of tickets, I would have not left on that Sunday: I would have felt "I am obligated not to let this ticket go to waste, I want to get the most bang for my buck." It was a much better option for all involved for me to leave, knowing I could come back another day without expending another ticket.
Merida looks like this. Not a Barbie doll!
Parking in Angel stadium has nothing to do with APs. Oct 6th was due to the OC Auto Show using up some of the parking lots. The only other time Angel Stadium was used recently was the 24 hour day. This is not a regular occurrence and is not at all related to APs. And my managers have never told me anything remotely close to what you're saying. All guests should be treated with courtesy. The reason APs run into problems is because they have a sense of entitlement and they think they deserve more than the average guest and that "I'm an annual passholder" is some magic phrasing that gets them whatever they want. If a guest concern arises it will be handled in the best way possible. It makes no difference what type of guest you are. And being an AP will not net you better treatment than the other guests, that is the issue.
And yes. Get rid of monthly payments.
Pay a true admission cost, like a ticket book that expired, and crowds would dwindle.
Stockholder and Walt Disney Autograph holder!!
Absolutely yes, all APs need to be gotten rid of.
There's no question in my mind that if the monthly payment APs were to disappear, the parks would see fewer people. Likely quite a bit fewer.
I live about 10 hours away, and visited twice in 2005, 3 times in 2006, and once a year after that. And I'm seriously considering not coming back at all. The sole reason is the huge crowds.
When I visit, it's me, my daughter (19) and 3 to 5 of her friends. We visit for 3 days.
We eat at least one meal in the parks each day, buy tons of popcorn, churros, etc.
I'm too tired to do the actual math, but it seems to me that Disney may very well have lost more than it gained by having a 4 - 6 full price paying guests visit less often because of the crowds. Are big attendance numbers really best?
It seems to me as though the parks have become more of a locals hangout that a destination resort.
Also, while I fully realize that life is not fair, why should I not be furious that the person next to me in a ridiculously long line may very well have paid less than $5 to get in, while I paid a LOT more?
Of course, TDC could not possibly care any less what I think, unless it has a negative effect on the bottom line. And if they keep chasing the tourists away, it may very well have just such an effect........


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Any information on Doris Harrop Woodcock would be appreciated. She won the United Methodist Church Hanover (UK) First Class Circuit Prize in the Young People's Examination in 1907. She married Phillip Woodcock, a US soldier (WWII) in England, I beleive, and they came to the US, living in Nutley, NJ. she is my dear Godmother and I would love to find out more about her life in England. She would have been born in England around 1880's(?), but I am not sure where and would like to find out. Thank you for any help.
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This is Candy Corn. she is a very sweet, loving long-haired female. She wants to be an inside kitty and gets along well with kids and other cats. Shelter summer hours are Monday through Friday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Saturdays 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Adoption fees include altering, microchip, first vaccines except rabies, and a free health exam at any local vets. For more information, call the Cortez Animal Shelter at 565-4910. To view adoptable pets online, visit www.petango.com and enter ZIP code 81321 orwww.cityofcortez.com/government/animal_shelter.
Email announcements to firstname.lastname@example.com and include "Community Calendar" in the subject field. Items submitted less than two weeks in advance will be less likely to be published. Entries and the calendar may be edited for length and content.Friday, Dec. 19Interested in becoming a Colorado Master Gardener? Today is the deadline to enter the 11-week program. This year's program begins in...
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Senior Member
we were working the other team in ranked downed top inhib and crushed 1 nexus turret. then after it respawned we could never target it again forcing us to have to push down 2 mid towers a and another inhib which we could never do due to a full on aoe turrtle team.
we would of won the game flat out if we could of even got that inhib down a again and used the superminions pressure to split their team but we could never target the inhib again for the rest of the game. and so i loss elo yay
Noxious Seraph
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|My Wayfair
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Woodard Landgrave Vienna Chaise Lounge with Cushion
Woodard Landgrave's aluminum Vienna collection showcases distinctive design, extensive fabric and finish choices and the highest standard of excellence in manufacturing. The Vienna collection exemplifies the durability and beauty that places Woodard Landgrave furniture in a league of its own.
Woodard Landgrave Vienna Chaise Lounge with Cushion
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Single chaise
|Style: Traditional
|Finish: Brown
|Frame Material: Other
|Woven: Yes
|Cushions Included: Yes
|Arms Included: Yes
|Wheels: Yes
|Commercial Use: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: Mexico
About the ManufacturerFor over 140 years, Woodard craftsmen have designed and manufactured products loyal to the timeless art of quality furniture design and construction. Using both the age-old art of hand forming and the latest in high-tech manufacturing processes, Woodard remains committed to creating products that will provide years of enjoyment
Woodard Landgrave Vienna Chaise Lounge with Cushion
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OUR SKU # WOL1923Vienna Chaise Lounge with Cushion is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 80033C-14Y, 80033C-49A, 80033C-67Y


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I went to Roseville Toyota for a routine oil change and tire rotation about a month ago. I thought everything went well until I was checking my tire pressure a few weeks later. I noticed a distinct scratch on my right front wheel which occurred during a camping trip 3 months earlier. If Toyota had rotated the tires, the aforementioned wheel would be at the rear of the car (or any other corner except the right front). I checked my receipt and found that they did charge me for a tire rotation. If it wasn't for that scratch, I probably would have never known that the wheels weren't rotated. I realize this is a minor issue, but it's a major inconvenience to take half a day off just to take the vehicle back and wait for the tires to get rotated. I'm wondering how often they "forget" to do tire rotations that they charge for, seeing as most people would probably never know the difference.
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I once dined in a restaurant with my boyfriend on Halloween while a white gentleman ate his meal across from us decked out in head-to-toe blackface. New film Dear White People seemed like it was going to put into more dignified words what I was thinking that fateful night: "Oh, no, this mofo didn't."
When I got a copy of Megan Amram's new book Science… for Her!, I decided to run a little experiment.
It's a tale as old as…well, the modern action movie. Boy meets girl, boy and girl kick some ass together, boy delivers snarky line that elicits an audience laugh, girl stares at boy like he just announced that maybe the bad guys were right all along.
Everyone hates Tammy.
The new Melissa McCarthy movie has already been panned far and wide: There's a no-star review from the Washington Post ("a misbegotten movie that starts badly and ends worse"), a scathing assessment in Time ("In film schools of the future, professors will teach Tammy as an object lesson in Making Everything Go Wrong"), and a highbrow takedown from the New Yorker ("though I'm honor-bound to report that Tammy is not a very funny comedy, it's worth adding that, in substance, it's hardly a comedy at all"), among others.
But I'm here to stand up for Tammy
Tina Belcher breaks all the rules of network sitcoms. That's why she's wonderful.
On this show, we talk with two whip-smart political comedians. Hari Kondabolu says he's a "killjoy who happens to do comedy." We talk with Hari about his immensely popular standup routine, which focuses on jokes about race and inequality, then catch up with Erin Gibson, the host of gays-and-ladies-focused podcast Throwing Shade.
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Broad City started out as a web series created by and starring real-life pals and very funny ladies Abbi Jacobson and Ilana Glazer as two twentysomething friends dealing with life, love, and all the daily bullshit of New York City. Last month, the show made the jump to Comedy Central, debuting as a half-hour scripted series. While there are several popular shows out right now about oh-so-spunky, creative young women making their way in the pee-strewn street of NYC, Broad City feels both unique and funnier than all the rest.
This week's episode is all about funny business. Four professionally funny women—Daily Show co-creator Lizz Winstead,Hyperbole and a Half writer Allie Brosh, and comedians Aparna Nancherla and Jenny Yang—discuss the craft of writing jokes.
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Many ways to listen and a full transcript of the show are below the cut.
Nerds are the kings of our culture these days—but what is a nerd, exactly, and who gets to call themselves one? This show digs into gender, race, and nerdery with an organizer of GeekGirlCon, comedy nerd Phoebe Robinson, music nerd turned Yale lecturer Allyson McCabe, and (of course!) a rigorous discussion of feminism in Star Trek with two hardcore Trekkies. Listen in!
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Everyone loves a comeback, the more unexpected the better--and no recent comeback was more unexpected than Betty White's.
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Senior Member
For some reason, I can't play Dominion. I get to the loading screen and then the game just crashes at 50% and doesn't reboot. It's ONLY Dominion, by the way.
inFe eD
Reinstall and try again.
© 2014 Riot Games, Inc. All rights reserved. Riot Games, League of Legends and PvP.net are trademarks, services marks, or registered trademarks of Riot Games, Inc.


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HCW is committed to helping its clients design, implement and manage the employee benefit program that best supports the strategic direction of their organization. We work directly with employers to provide customized solutions within the ever-changing health and welfare benefits industry.We recognize it is impossible for any one person to be an expert in all aspects of employee benefit plans. In response to this, Hill, Chesson & Woody has torn down the silos of conventional customer service and developed a more practical and efficient service model that works for our clients.
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HCW is on top of the never-ending changing world of benefits.
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All of the staff at HCW with whom I've come in contact demonstrate a level of caring and professionalism that I have never come across before. You, the HCW staff, make it your priority to answer the most trivial question, even if you have already answered it before. I sincerely appreciate each and every one of you. Keep up the good work!
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Boston travel: Trains, buses halted, planes flying
Government officials refused to say why flying was the only form of mass transit allowed.
But airports are a very different environment than bus or train stations. Every person and piece of luggage moving through an airport goes through a security screening. Each passenger's name, date of birth and gender is compared to those on terrorism watch lists. And before boarding a plane out of town, each person must pass through a checkpoint where police have ample time to compare them to photos of suspects.
Friday's manhunt capped off a tiring and emotional week for Boston residents.
"This thing just doesn't stop. It's been constant for the past week," said Ian Deason, director of Boston operations for JetBlue, the largest airline in the city with about 120 daily flights.
He noted that pilots and flight attendants resting in a crew lounge prior to their flights were "glued to the TV."
While Friday's mass transit shut down was unusual it wasn't the first closure.
Boston cut off the T for two days in February. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority shut down all bus and train service ahead of Hurricane Irene and Superstorm Sandy. New York also shut down its public transportation system in advance of the storms.
New York's subways shut down after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, but limited parts were quickly restored. The first subway car ran just 2 hours and 28 minutes after service was halted, although parts of the system took days to resume.
London's July 7 bombings - in which four suicide bombers detonated themselves aboard three trains and a double-decker bus in 2005 - temporarily crippled the European capital's transit system. The next day, the majority of the system reopened.
In Los Angeles, buses, freeways and the airport were shut down following the 1992 riots. Bus service resumed three days later when schools reopened and a dawn-to-dusk curfew was lifted.
Even when Boston's public transportation system starts up again, some Bostonians are likely to change their behavior.
Maria D'Amico, 23, started this week to only sit in the front or back of the subway.
"If anything happened on the train, it would probably happen in the middle," she said.
Back at the airport, passengers had to adapt with no mass transit linking them to the city center. Private cars, taxis and the Logan Express - a bus service to suburban park-and-ride facilities - were still able to enter the airport.
The biggest hassle for travelers was waiting for a taxi. Brelis described the lines as "exceedingly long" during the late morning. Officials were asking people to share cabs to nearby location. The backlog cleared by afternoon.
James Kearney, an information technology consultant from East Amwell, N.J. was in town for business and managed to make it home on a United flight at 10 a.m. He said via email that the 15-mile trip from the Marriott in the western suburb of Newton, Mass. to Logan on the Massachusetts Turnpike "was extremely quiet during rush hour."
Once at the airport, he said, the situation was "pretty standard."


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Mobile Phones, Apps Are Crucial To Campus Safety Services
Story By: Larry Stine
|Email Story to Friend
Original Published: 8/24/2014
College campuses work hard to maintain a safe and secure enviromment for students, and now technology is changing the way they do that. We look at how mobile phones and apps are crucial to the next generation of campus safety services. At a school like Georgetown University, academics are always top of mind. But on an urban campus, Student Body President Trevor Tezel says there's another priority as well. "I think students are always aware of campus safety, they understand that we're living in a city, and that entails certain things," he says. This fall, Georgetown will start using an app called "LiveSafe," which allows students to report on-campus emergencies with the tap of a smartphone., an act with which they're fairly comfortable. "They're really nervous about a situation but they really can't tell what to do and it doesn't feel worthy of calling the police," says Jenny Abramson, LiveSafe President and CEO. "And so what the app has does is it lowers barrier sharing." LiveSafe is just one of several campus security apps utilizing a generation's fast adoption of mobile technology. CEO Jenny Abramson says there's a crowdsourcing element, too, helping fellow students steer clear of potentially dicey situations. "We find that people are willing to send information, put it on a map and help each other be safer both user-to-user and user-to-group," says Abramson. "And really our goal is to do both." Other apps used by colleges include Emergensee, which lets users pre-select a contact list, share a GPS location and stream video of potential incidents, among other functions. And Rave Guardian, which also features a panic button for communication with campus police. "I think what this does is recognizes the changing nature of how we interact with each other and addresses the safety component of that," says Tezel. Making students more active participants, in safety, with a device they always have on hand.
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11/26/2014Visa, MasterCard Release New Interchange Rate Tables for Canada
11/21/2014TransAct! news: Interchange regulation in the EU, Canada Tax Guide and Global Card Acceptance
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1/14/2015 » 1/15/20152015 NAPCP Canadian Commercial Card and Payment Conference - Toronto
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|December 7, 2012 05:40 AM EST
STUTTGART, Germany, December 7, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --
Despite economic decline in important markets:
- Revenues expected to increase by more than 7% to €2.15 billion
- German automotive and industrial business under one roof
- Number of employees increased by 1,300 to 28,600
After the record year in 2011, the globally operating testing group DEKRA is continuing to grow in 2012. Revenues are expected to rise by more than 7% to €2.15 billion. "DEKRA remains on course, even though the economic environment in some important markets, such as France, has worsened considerably," DEKRA CEO Stefan Kölbl told journalists in Stuttgart on Thursday. DEKRA now generates more than 35% of its revenues outside of Germany. As part of the continued expansion of its international business, the testing group has strengthened its structures beyond the home market of Germany in Europe and in the growth markets America and China. "In centres of business such as Paris, Milan, Atlanta, Sao Paulo and Shanghai, regional and country officers are now operating in order to offer our clients the entire range of DEKRA services concentrated from one source," says Kölbl. Due to the international presence, the number of employees worldwide has increased by around 1,300 to approximately 28,600.
The focus of the 2012 financial year was the vigorous implementation of the strategic programme <<DEKRA 2015>>. The initiatives focused on efficient processes and structures and steady growth. With the Global Business Excellence (GLOBEX) project, DEKRA is establishing integrated IT processes Group-wide based on SAP to achieve greater data transparency from order entry to reporting. GLOBEX was piloted in France, with further countries to follow.
The strategy involves customer-focused structures enabling easy access to DEKRA's wide range of services all from one source. For this reason, in 2012 the Group opened further "DEKRA Houses" in Bratislava, Hamburg and Prague where DEKRA expertise from the various Business Units is bundled. The integration of the German industrial testing services into the organisational structure of DEKRA Automobil GmbH from January 2013 also holds large potential.
As one of the world's largest testing organisations, DEKRA continues to be actively involved in global market consolidation. This year, DEKRA has already achieved 10 acquisitions, which strengthened considerably the Group's global presence in the USA, Australia, Singapore, India, Sweden and Denmark. Today, DEKRA experts are active in more than 50 countries worldwide.
Core automotive business continues to grow
In DEKRA's core business, automotive services, revenues have grown by roughly 4% to approximately €1.2 billion this year. The world's largest testing organisation for vehicles thus defended its position with approximately 22 million inspections per year in an environment marked by fierce competition both nationally and internationally. The €885 million turnover of DEKRA Automobil GmbH has again made a key contribution to the overall success of the Group. With a market share of almost 34%, DEKRA Automobil remains the market leader in Germany for testing and inspection as well as in the area of expert appraisals with approximately 25% of the market. In the 2012 financial year, DEKRA's expertise in the field of automotive technology and safety was recognized by bodies such as the Japanese road traffic authorities. As the only provider in Germany, DEKRA is authorised to certify the passive safety of vehicles for the Japanese market.
Preferred partner in electromobility
Since the start of the year, the Electromobility Competence Centre, with more than 20 employees, now coordinates all electromobility-related projects across the Group, including the fields of homologation, product safety, standards, certification und training. DEKRA is thus a sought-after industrial partner. For example, a series of fire tests conducted by DEKRA in collaboration with an automotive manufacturer this year showed that in the event of a fire, electric and hybrid cars containing lithium-ion traction batteries are at least as safe as conventionally-powered vehicles.
DEKRA Automotive Solutions on course for success
DEKRA Automotive Solutions, renamed from AutoContact as part of a joint brand positioning at the beginning of April, remains on course for success as the European market leader in used car management despite difficult markets, such as France and Southern Europe. Along with the 14 European countries, the company started to operate in the USA, Brazil and China. Its customers include renowned vehicle manufacturers, leasing companies, vehicle rental operators and automotive dealers. With its wide range of services, DEKRA Automotive Solutions covers the entire B2B used car lifecycle.
As a long-term partner for the insurance industry, DEKRA intends to tap into markets beyond the automotive sector in the future. To further develop business in damage management after disasters, DEKRA has founded a new company on the Dutch Antillean island Curacao: DEKRA Caribbean. The company will focus particularly on the adjustment of damages caused by hurricanes.
Industrial testing services with strong growth
The Business Unit DEKRA Industrial is the company's largest strategic growth area. With a dynamic increase in revenues of 15% to a total of approximately €630 million, the on-going growth curve has continued to rise in 2012. Besides strong organic growth, this success was also supported by the further expansion of the international market position through strategic acquisitions. Of the total of 10 acquisitions, five took place in the business with industrial testing in order to tap into new areas of expertise and gain new customers.
The acquisitions Incos and W. Hofmann strengthen the newly created DEKRA service unit "Material Testing and Inspection", in which the worldwide material testing activities of DEKRA are bundled. Both companies specialise in the non-destructive testing of materials. With radiographic and ultrasonic procedures, parts such as pipes and weld seams can be tested reliably and quickly for cracks and tightness. Precisely planned and carried out testing and inspection services in large-scale plants of the oil and gas industry reduce costly downtime and save the operators millions.
Premium services of DEKRA Insight
Also active in the processing industry is the Californian company Behavioral Science Technology Inc. (BST), acquired at the beginning of 2012. The international consulting firm focuses on helping companies from the chemical, oil and gas industries to establish a no-compromise safety culture from top management to labourers. In the new DEKRA Insight Group, the expert organisation will bundle its expertise in such premium consulting services. As well as the British company Chilworth Global, a specialist in explosion protection and process safety services with branches worldwide, the group also includes the German company DEKRA Consulting GmbH, which offers consulting services in the areas of sustainability management and energy efficiency.
DEKRA asserts its position in the temporary job market
As an important partner for training and temporary employment for companies and institutions, the Business Unit DEKRA Personnel increased revenues by 2% in 2012 to €340 million. In temporary employment with approximately 1,500 active clients, the DEKRA Arbeit Group has now reached preferred supplier status with 125 customers and is involved in so-called on-site management. That means a DEKRA employee deals with the organisation of the temporary workers directly on site at the customer. In 2012, Airbus, Schmitz-Cargobull and Henkel, for example, were three well-known companies with which new framework agreements were concluded. Nevertheless, fears over the economy and the lack of qualified temporary workers have ended the boom of the previous years. The equal pay regulation and the introduction of industry surcharges as of 1 November 2012 have also contributed to this slowdown. "As a result of the current circumstances, temporary employment as an important instrument of flexibility is becoming increasingly less attractive," says Kölbl.
Training and qualification: growth with corporate clients
The business with corporate clients is continuing to grow in importance at the DEKRA Akademie Group. "Thanks to new qualification opportunities, we have achieved considerable growth here," said Kölbl. An example is the consulting and qualification business focusing on new EU regulations for the aviation industry. DEKRA has positioned itself accordingly with measures such as e-learning programmes. DEKRA helps to establish high safety standards for the security screening of passengers and crew members. In addition, starting in 2013, DEKRA will be an independent testing centre for air cargo. The business generated through publicly subsidised training continues to decline as a result of less public spending by the Federal Employment Agency.
Good opportunities for further growth in 2013
Following a further successful year in 2012, DEKRA is also confident about 2013, even though the economic and regulatory conditions in many markets are challenging. "In the last 12 months, we have worked intensively on setting the stage for further growth," said Kölbl. "For this reason, we are in an outstanding position to achieve further growth on the basis not only of our own efforts but also through acquisitions." In future acquisitions, DEKRA will continue to focus on financially successful companies that fit our corporate culture and help DEKRA to further expand its position and its range of services in foreign target markets.
DEKRA e.V.
Presse & Information
Handwerkstraße 15
D-70565 Stuttgart
Contact: Dr Torsten Knödler
Tel: +49-(0)711-78-61-20-75
Fax: +49-(0)711-78-61-27-00
[email protected]
SOURCE Dekra SE
WebRTC defines no default signaling protocol, causing fragmentation between WebRTC silos. SIP and XMPP provide possibilities, but come with considerable complexity and are not designed for use in a web environment. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Matthew Hodgson, technical co-founder of the Matrix.org, discussed how Matrix is a new non-profit Open Source Project that defines both a new HTTP-based standard for VoIP & IM signaling and provides reference implementations.
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