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Commissioner Alan Bersin wants to simplify the steps Customs and Border Protection takes to process imports into the nation's commerce.
Maybe low-risk cargo could be approved for release before the container ever hits the pier. Maybe importers will be able to enter goods with less advance data than they now transmit to Customs. Maybe importers will be able reduce their paperwork, and pay Customs what they owe much as one now pays a credit card statement.
Maybe. "Simplified processes" is a term covering a broad range of concepts that have not yet coalesced into a plan of action, but Bersin is pushing his staff for results. Customs may start as early as Oct. 1 to test the concept that the agency can process goods more efficiently with less hassle for the importer.
Bersin has a big stake in the outcome. Unless he's confirmed by the Senate, his term will expire on Dec. 31. In March 2010, President Obama made Bersin a recess appointee to lead Customs. Two months later, the Senate Finance Committee withheld its approval after Bersin admitted he had failed to file immigration forms on employees in his household.
Making it simpler for importers to enter goods could convince Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus, D-Mont., Bersin is making good on his promise to refocus Customs' trade facilitation efforts.
Simplification is part of Bersin's "grand bargain" with the trade community: Customs gets more relevant data earlier, before goods leave a foreign port, and industrial shippers get more benefits. Cynthia Whittenburg, Customs' director of trade facilitation, said the end-product may stand some traditional practices on their heads.
Managing importers by account is a cornerstone of the project. Traditionally, Customs processed entries transaction by transaction. Whittenburg said account management allows an importer to make a single periodic summary of all its entries, and pay customs the duties and fees it owes.
"We have talked about this for years — the credit card approach, where we take a look at all their transactions over a particular period, and they would settle up with us," Whittenburg said.
All of these features will be part of the Automated Commercial Environment, but a fully functional ACE is still years away. The pilot will be built in a format that will fit into ACE when the time comes, but Customs doesn't want to wait until ACE is ready.
A pilot test this year is causing some discontent. The National Customs Brokers and Forwarders Association of America believes the process of simplifying processes is going to take Customs' attention away from completing ACE.
Customs and a working group composed of members of several major importer trade associations are dedicated to simplified processes. They are looking closely at the information stream. Could importers enter goods with fewer data elements up front? Could documentation for imports rely on the importer's own internal systems?
"Some companies generate an invoice just to meet Customs requirements, even though in the commercial world, they don't really use it," said Marianne Rowden, president of the American Association of Exporters and Importers. "Say you have a master contract to produce X number of widgets over a year's period. You're generating an invoice even though you're shipping an allotment of whatever is produced under the terms of the contract. The way Customs regulations have evolved, it requires you to create documents so it appears that each shipment is a discrete transaction."
Cargo data now comes to Customs through several channels: the Importer Security Filing, or 10+2 system; the cargo manifest; and the entry itself. Whittenburg said Customs is aiming at receiving the minimum amount of information it needs to get goods across the border. The importer can provide the rest of the data post-entry.
"We are looking at data efficiency. What do we need, and when do we need it?" Whittenburg said. "We are focusing on all the data sources, and asking what are the key elements we need to make a release decision that covers security and trade issues."
The result may blur the line between security data and trade data. The distinction was a major issue when Customs and industry leaders were hammering out 10+2.
"I suspect we're going to have a battle, because Customs is going to say at minimum they need the 10+2," Rowden said. "We want to reduce the number of data elements we have, and Customs is going to say we need a minimum 10, because of the security filing." She said AAEI favors Canada's cargo security program, Customs Self Assessment. It requires just three data elements for entry.
"Our shooting-for-the-stars goal is that this set of data, whether it's 10 or 14 elements, will be what's necessary to gain release of your cargo," Whittenburg said. "We're looking for everything else to be post-release, as we receive and handle the information in an account fashion. That's a major difference."
Contact R.G. Edmonson at email@example.com.


text: A SURVEY OF MAC PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Rajesh Yadav Electronis and Radar Development Establishment Defense R & D Organization, Bangalore, India Shirshu Varma Indian Institute of Information Technolgy, Allahabad, India N. Malaviya Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, India ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become an active research area for the researchers. The sensor nodes are generally unattended after their deployment in hazardous, hostile or remote areas. These nodes have to work with their limited and non replenish able energy resources. Energy efficiency is one of the main design objectives for these sensor networks. In this paper, we present the challenges in the design of the energy efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols for the wireless sensor network. We describe several MAC protocols for the WSNs emphasizing their strength and weakness wherever possible. Finally, we discuss the future research directions in the MAC protocol design. Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Medium Access Control, Wireless Sensor Network 1 INTRODUCTION power efficient MAC protocol is one of the ways to prolong the life time of the network. In this work we W IRELESS Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as one of the dominant technology trends of this decade (2000-2010) that has carried the study of the energy efficient MAC protocols for the wireless sensor network. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. potential usage in defence and scientific applications. Section 2 discusses challenges in the design of the These WSNs can be used for different purposes such MAC protocol. Section 3 presents the different as target tracking, intrusion detection, wildlife proposed MAC protocols emphasizing their strength habitat monitoring, climate control and disaster and weakness wherever possible. Section 4 discusses management [1]. A typical node in the WSN consists future research directions in the MAC protocol of a sensor, embedded processor, moderate amount design. Finally, Section 5 concludes the paper. of memory and transmitter/receiver circuitry. These sensor nodes are normally battery powered and they 2 MAC PROTOCOL DESIGN CHALLENGES coordinate among them selves to perform a common task. The medium access control protocols for the These Wireless Sensor Networks have severe wireless sensor network have to achieve two resource constrains and energy conservation is very objectives. The first objective is the creation of the essential. The sensor node's radio in the WSNs sensor network infrastructure. A large number of consumes a significant amount of energy. Substantial sensor nodes are deployed and the MAC scheme research has been done on the design of low power must establish the communication link between the electronic devices in order to reduce energy sensor nodes. The second objective is to share the consumption of these sensor nodes. Because of communication medium fairly and efficiently. hardware limitations further energy efficiency can be achieved through the design of energy efficient 2.1 Attributes of a Good MAC Protocol communication protocols. Medium access control (MAC) is an important technique that ensures the To design a good MAC protocol for the wireless successful operation of the network. One of the main sensor networks, the following attributes are to be functions of the MAC protocol is to avoid collisions considered [2]. from interfering nodes. The classical IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol for wireless local area network wastes a lot of energy because of idle listening. Designing UbiCC Journal, Volume 4, Number 3, August 2009 827 (i) Energy Efficiency: The first is the energy (i) Energy Consumption per bit: - The energy efficiency. The sensor nodes are battery powered and efficiency of the sensor nodes can be defined as the it is often very difficult to change or recharge total energy consumed / total bits transmitted. The batteries for these sensor nodes. Sometimes it is unit of energy efficiency is joules/bit. The lesser the beneficial to replace the sensor node rather than number, the better is the efficiency of a protocol in recharging them. transmitting the information in the network. This performance matrices gets affected by all the major (ii) Latency: The second is latency. Latency sources of energy waste in wireless sensor network requirement basically depends on the application. In such as idle listening, collisions, control packet the sensor network applications, the detected events overhead and overhearing. must be reported to the sink node in real time so that the appropriate action could be taken immediately. (ii) Average Delivery Ratio: - The average packet delivery ratio is the number of packets received to (iii) Throughput: Throughput requirement also varies the number of packets sent averaged over all the with different applications. Some of the sensor nodes. network application requires to sample the information with fine temporal resolution. In such (iii) Average Packet Latency: - The average packet sensor applications it is better that sink node receives latency is the average time taken by the packets to more data. reach to the sink node. (iv) Fairness: In many sensor network applications (iv) Network Throughput:-The network throughput is when bandwidth is limited, it is necessary to ensure defined as the total number of packets delivered at that the sink node receives information from all the sink node per time unit. sensor nodes fairly. However among all of the above aspects the energy efficiency and throughput are the 3 PROPOSED MAC PROTOCOLS major aspects. Energy efficiency can be increased by minimizing the energy wastage. The medium access control protocols for the wireless sensor networks can be classified broadly 2.2 Major Sources of Energy Wastes into two categories: Contention based and Schedule based. Major sources of energy waste in wireless sensor The schedule based protocol can avoid collisions, network are basically of four types [2] [3]. overhearing and idle listening by scheduling transmit (i) Collision: The first one is the collision. When a & listen periods but have strict time synchronization transmitted packet is corrupted due to interference, it requirements. The contention based protocols on the has to be discarded and the follow on retransmissions other hand relax time synchronization requirements increase energy consumption. Collision increases and can easily adjust to the topology changes as latency also. some new nodes may join and others may die few years after deployment. These protocols are based on (ii) Overhearing: The second is overhearing, Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) technique meaning that a node picks up packets that are destined to other nodes. and have higher costs for message collisions, overhearing and idle listening. (iii) Packet Overhead: The third source is control packet overhead. Sending and receiving control 3.1 IEEE 802.11 packets consumes energy too and less useful data packets can be transmitted. The IEEE 802.11 [19] is a well known contention (iv) Idle listening: The last major source of based medium access control protocol which uses inefficiency is idle listening i.e., listening to receive carrier sensing and randomized back-offs to avoid possible traffic that is not sent. This is especially true collisions of the data packets. The Power Save Mode in many sensor network applications. If nothing is (PSM) of the IEEE 802.11 protocol reduces the idle sensed, the sensor node will be in idle state for most listening by periodically entering into the sleep state. of the time. The main goal of any MAC protocol for This PSM mode is for the single-hop network where sensor network is to minimize the energy waste due the time synchronization is simple and may not be to idle listening, overhearing and collision. suitable for multi-hop networks because of the problems in clock synchronization, neighbour 2.3 MAC Performance Matrices discovery and network partitioning. In order to evaluate and compare the performance of energy conscious MAC protocols, the following matrices are being used by the research community. UbiCC Journal, Volume 4, Number 3, August 2009 828 3.2 PAMAS: Power Aware Multi-Access activation event has occurred for a time 'Ta' as Signaling shown in Fig. 2. The event can be reception of data, start of listen/sleep frame time etc. The time 'Ta' is PAMAS: Power Aware Multi-Access [15] is one the minimal amount of idle listening per frame. The of the earliest contention based MAC protocol interval Ta > Tci + Trt + Tta + Tct where Tci is the designed with energy efficiency as the main length of the contention interval, Trt is the length of objective. In this protocol nodes which are not an RTS packet, Tta is the turn-around time (time transmitting or receiving are turned "OFF" in order between the end of the RTS packet and the beginning to conserve energy. This protocol uses two separate of the CTS packet) and Tct is the length of the CTS channels for the data and control packets. It requires packet. The energy consumption in the Timeout T- the use of two radios in the different frequency bands MAC protocol is less than the Sensor S-MAC at each sensor node leading to the increase in the protocol. But the Timeout T-MAC protocol has high sensors cost, size and design complexity. Moreover, latency as compared to the S-MAC protocol. there is significant power consumption because of excessive switching between sleep and wakeup states. 3.3 Sensor S-MAC Sensor S-MAC [2] a contention based MAC Figure 2: Basic T-MAC Scheme protocol is modification of IEEE 802.11 protocol specially designed for the wireless sensor network in 2002. In this medium access control protocol sensor 3.5 Optimized MAC node periodically goes to the fixed listen/sleep cycle. A time frame in S-MAC is divided into to parts: one In the Optimized MAC protocol [5], the sensors for a listening session and the other for a sleeping duty cycle is changed based on the network load. If session. Only for a listen period, sensor nodes are the traffic is more than the duty cycle will be more able to communicate with other nodes and send some and for low traffic the duty cycle will be less. The control packets such as SYNC, RTS (Request to network load is identified based on the number of Send), CTS (Clear to Send) and ACK messages in the queue pending at a particular sensor. (Acknowledgement). By a SYNC packet exchange The control packet overhead is minimized by all neighbouring nodes can synchronize together and reducing the number and size of the control packets using RTS/CTS exchange the two nodes can as compared to those used in the S-MAC protocol. communicate with each other. The basic S-MAC This protocol may be suited for applications in which scheme where node 1 transmits data to node 2 is apart from energy efficiency there is need for low shown in Fig. 1. A lot of energy is still wasted in this latency. protocol during listen period as the sensor will be 3.6 Traffic Adaptive Medium Access Protocol awake even if there is no reception/transmission. (TRAMA) The traffic adaptive medium access (TRAMA) [6] is a TDMA based protocol that has been designed for energy efficient collision free channel in WSNs. In this protocol the power consumption has been reduced by ensuring collision free transmission and by switching the nodes to low power idle state when they are not transmitting or receiving. This protocol consists of three main parts: a) The Neighbor Protocol is for collecting the information about the neighboring nodes b) The Schedule Exchange Figure 1: Basic S-MAC Scheme, Node 1 Transmits Protocol is for exchanging the two-hop neighbor Data to Node 2 information and their schedule c) The Adaptive Election Algorithm decides the transmitting and 3.4 Timeout T-MAC receiving nodes for the current time slot using the neighborhood and schedule information. The other Timeout T-MAC [3] is the protocol based on the nodes in the same time slot are switched to low S-MAC protocol in which the Active period is pre- power mode. empted and the sensor goes to the sleep period if no UbiCC Journal, Volume 4, Number 3, August 2009 829 The TRAMA is shown to be more energy efficient 3.9 WiseMAC and has higher throughput than Sensor S-MAC protocol. However, the latency of TRAMA is more The WiseMAC [14] medium access control as compared to the other contention based MAC protocol was developed for the "WiseNET" wireless protocol such as S-MAC and IEEE 802.11. The sensor network. This protocol is similar to Spatial delay performance obtained by the analytical model TDMA and CSMA with Preamble Sampling for TRAMA and NAMA [7] shows that TRAMA has protocol [13] where all the sensor nodes have two higher delays than NAMA. This protocol may be communication channels. TDMA is used for suitable for applications which are not delay accessing data channel and CSMA is used for sensitive but require higher energy efficiency and accessing control channel. However, WiseMAC [14] throughput. needs only one channel and uses non-persistent CSMA with preamble sampling technique to reduce 3.7 Self Organizing Medium Access Control power consumption during idle listening. This for Sensor Networks (SMACS) protocol uses the preamble of minimum size based on the information of the sampling schedule of its SMACS [9] is a schedule based medium access direct neighbors. The sleep schedules of the control protocol for the wireless sensor network. neighboring nodes are updated by the This MAC protocol uses a combination of TDMA acknowledgement message (ACK) during every data and FDMA or CDMA for accessing the channel. In transfer. WiseMAC is adaptive to the traffic loads this protocol the time slots are wasted if the sensor and provides low power consumption during low node does not have data to be sent to the intended traffic and high energy efficiency during high traffic. receivers. This is one of the drawbacks of this MAC The simulation results show that WiseMAC scheme. performs better than S-MAC protocol. 3.8 Aloha with Preamble Sampling 3.10 Berkeley a Access Control (B-MAC) Aloha with Preamble Sampling is proposed in The Berkeley Media Access Control (B-MAC) [11] where the ALOHA protocol [20] has been [10] is a contention based MAC protocol for WSNs. combined with the preamble sampling technique. B-MAC is similar to Aloha with Preamble Sampling The main draw back of the Carrier Sense Multiple [11], which duty cycles the radio transceiver i.e. the Access (CSMA) is the energy wastage due to idle sensor node turns ON/OFF repeatedly without listening. El-Hoiydi in [11] proposed low power missing the data packets. However in B-MAC, the listening technique that efficiently duty cycles the preamble length is provided as parameter to the radio (i.e., turns it ON periodically).This approach upper layer. This provides optimal trade-off between works at the physical layer based on the PHY Header energy savings and latency or throughput. The paper going to sensor's radio. The Header starts with the also presents an analytical model for monitoring Preamble which intimates the receiver of upcoming application to calculate and set B-MAC parameters messages. The receiver periodically turns radio ON in order to optimize the power consumption. The to sample for the incoming messages and if the experimental results show B-MAC has better preamble is detected, it continues listening for the performance in terms of latency, throughput and normal message transfer. If the preamble is not often energy consumption as compared to S-MAC. detected it turns OFF radio till next sample. This carrier sensing approach as shown in Fig. 3 was 3.11 Energy Aware TDMA Based MAC combined with ALOHA by El-Hoiydi in [11] and named it Aloha with Preamble Sampling which is Energy Aware TDMA Based MAC [16] protocol suitable for low traffic wireless sensor network assumes the formation of clusters in the network. applications. This paper also presents the power Each of the cluster sensor nodes is managed by the consumption, delay performance and life time Gateway. The Gateways collects the information computed by analytical methods. from the other sensor nodes within its cluster, performs the data fusion, communicates with the other gateways and finally sends the data to the control center. The assignment of the time slots to the sensor nodes within its cluster is performed by Gateways. The Gateways inform to the other nodes about the time slot when it should listen to other nodes and the time slot when it can transmit own data. Figure 3: Low Power Listening and Preamble This TDMA based MAC protocol consist of four Sampling main phases: data transfer, refresh, event triggered- UbiCC Journal, Volume 4, Number 3, August 2009 830 rerouting and refresh-based rerouting. The data awake for one extra time slot after forwarding the transfer phase is for sending the data in its allocated packet. time slot. During refresh phase, the nodes update its state (energy level, state, position etc) to the gateway. The gateway requires this nodes state information for performing rerouting during event triggered-rerouting. The refresh-based rerouting occurs periodically after the refresh phase. During both these rerouting phases the gateway execute the routing algorithms and sends new routes to the sensor nodes. The paper presents two approaches for slot assignment based on graph parsing strategy: Breadth First Search (BFS) and Depth First Search (DFS). BFS technique, assigns the time slot numbers starting from outer most sensor node giving them contiguous slots. While DFS technique assigns contiguous time slots for the nodes on the route from Figure 4: Data gathering tree in D-MAC scheme outermost sensor node to the gateway. Simulations have been performed for energy Therefore, if two children were contending for consumption per packet, end-to-end delay, parents receive slot, the loosing child will get a throughput, nodes lifetime etc. against the buffer size second chance to send its packet. The D-MAC uses a for both BFS and DFS techniques. BFS saves the separate control packet named MTS (More to Send) energy consumption in switching between the ON & to solve the problem of the interference between OFF states and therefore the nodes lifetime is high. nodes on the different branches of the tree. The MTS This technique requires the nodes to have sufficient packet makes all the nodes on the multi-hop path to buffer capacity. While DFS does not save the energy remain active in case of nodes failure due to consumption of switching between the ON & OFF interference. states but avoids buffer overflow problem. However, The simulation results shows that the D-MAC DFS has low latency and high throughput as protocol outperforms the Sensor S-MAC protocol in compared to BFS. terms of energy efficiency, latency and throughput in both multi-hop chain topology and random data 3.12 Data Gathering MAC (D-MAC) gathering tree topology. The Data–Gathering Medium Access Control (D- 4 FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS MAC) [12] is a schedule based MAC protocol which has been designed and optimized for tree In the recent years a large number of medium based data gathering (converge cast communication) access control (MAC) protocols for the wireless in wireless sensor network. The main objective of sensor network have been published by the this MAC protocol is to achieve low latency and still researchers. Most of the work on the MAC focuses maintaining the energy efficiency. In this protocol primarily on the energy efficiency in the sensor the time is divided in small slots and runs carrier network [8]. However, still a lot of work has to done sensing multiple access (CSMA) with in the other areas at the MAC layer such as: acknowledgement within each slot to transmit/receive one packet. The sensor node (i) Network Security: - Sensor network security at periodically executes the basic sequence of '1' MAC layer to protect against eavesdropping and transmit, '1' receive and 'n' sleep slots. In this malicious behavior has to be studied further. Karlof approach a single packet from a source node at depth et al. in TinySec [22] have proposed secure MAC 'k' in the tree reaches the sink node with a delay of protocol based on shared key but still more advanced just 'k' time slots. This delay is very small and it is schemes needs to be developed. in the order of tens of milliseconds. A data gathering (converge cast) tree with staggered DMAC slots is (ii) Nodes Mobility: - The nodes in the wireless shown in Fig. 4. sensor network were originally assumed to be static. D-MAC includes an overflow mechanism to Recently there has been increasing interest in handle the problem when each single source node medical care and disaster response applications has low traffic rate but the aggregate rate at where the mobile sensors can be attached to the intermediate node is larger than the basic duty cycle. patient, doctor or first responder. The mobility at the In this mechanism the sensor node will remain MAC layer has been considered in MMAC [21], still there is a lot of scope for future research in this area. UbiCC Journal, Volume 4, Number 3, August 2009 831 (iii) Evaluation on Sensor Platforms: - Most of the Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor protocols for the wireless sensor network have been Systems (November 2003). evaluated through the simulations. However, the [4] Changsu Suh, Young-Mi Song, Young-Bee Ko, performance of the MAC protocol needs to be and We Duke Cho: Energy Efficient & Delay evaluated on the actual sensor system. The Optimized MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks, researchers should focus on experimenting on the in Proceedings of the Workshop in the Seventh real sensor platforms. International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp'05) (September 2005). (iv) Real Time Systems: - Energy efficiency is the [5] Rajesh Yadav, Shirshu Varma and N.Malaviya: main design objective of the sensor network but the Optimized Medium Access Control for Wireless reliable delivery of data in the real time is essential Sensor Network, IJCSNS International Journal for certain time critical applications. This is also a of Computer Science and Network Security, promising research area which needs to be studied Vol. 8, No.2, pp. 334 -338 (February 2008). more extensively. [6] V. Rajendran, K. Obraczka and J.J. Gracia- 5 CONCLUSIONS Luna-Aceves: Energy Efficient, Collision Free Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Recently several medium access control protocols Networks, in ACM International Conference on for the wireless sensor network have been proposed Embedded Networked Sensor Systems by the researchers. However, no protocol is accepted (SenSys), pp. 181-192 (November 2003). as standard. This is because the MAC protocol in [7] L. Bao and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves: A New general will be application specific. Therefore, there Approach To Channel Access Scheduling for Ad will not be one standard MAC protocol for the Hoc Network, in Seventh Annual International WSNs. Conference on Mobile Computing and The schedule based (TDMA) have collision free Networking, pp. 210-221 (2001). access to the medium but the synchronization is [8] M. Ali, Saif, A. Dunkels, T. Voigt, K. Romer, critical. Moreover, there is difficulty in adapting to K. Langendoen, J. Polastre, Z. A. Uzmi: the changes in the network topology because of the Medium Access Control Issues in Sensor addition and deletion of nodes. Networks, ACM SIGCOMM Computer The contention based (CSMA) have low latency Communication Review, Vol. 36, No. 2 (April and high throughput. However, it still suffers from 2006). the collisions. [9] K. Sohrabi, J.Gao, V.Ailawadhi and G.J.Pottie: The Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Protocols for Self Organization of a Wireless Sensor Network, IEEE Personal scheme also allow collision free access to the media Communication, Vol. 7, Issue 5, pp. 16-27 but the extra circuitry required to dynamically (October 2000). communicate with different radio channels increases [10] J. Polastre, J. Hill, D. Culler: Versatile low the cost of the sensor nodes. This contradicts the Power Media Access for Wireless Sensor main objective of the wireless sensor networks Networks, Proceedings of the 2nd ACM (WSNs). Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor The Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Systems (SenSys'04), Baltimore, MD, scheme also offers collision free access to the (November 2004). medium. However, the high computational [11] A. El-Hoiydi: Aloha with Preamble Sampling complexity is the limitation in the lower energy for Sporadic Traffic in Ad-hoc Wireless Sensor consumption needs of the sensor network. Networks", in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (April 2002). 6 REFRENCES [12] G. Lu, B. Krishnamachari, C. Raghavendra: An Adaptive Energy Efficient and Low Latency [1] I. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam MAC for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor and E. Cayirci: A Survey on Sensor Networks, Networks, Proceedings of 18thth International IEEE Communication Magazine, pp. 102-114 Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (August 2002). (April 2004). [2] Wei Ye, J.Heidemann and D. Estrin: An Energy- [13] A. El-Hoiydi: Spatial TDMA and CSMA with Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Preamble Sampling for Low Power Ad-hoc Networks, IEEE INFOCOM, New York, Vol. 2, Wireless Sensor Network, Proceedings of ISCC pp. 1567-1576 (June 2002). '02, Seventh International Symposium on [3] Tijs van Dam, Koen Langendoen: An Adaptive Computers and Communications, pp. 685-692 Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless (July 2002). Networks, in Proceedings of the First ACM UbiCC Journal, Volume 4, Number 3, August 2009 832 [14] C.C. Enz, A. El-Hoiydi, J.-D. Decotignie, V. radar applications. Before joining DRDO, he has Peiris: WiseNET: An Ultralow-Power Wireless worked as Lecturer in Computer Sc.& Engg. Sensor Network Solution, IEEE Computer, Vol. Department in Kumaon Engineering College, 37, Issue 8 (August 2004). ALMORA (Uttranchal) from 1995 to 1998. [15] S. Singh and C. Raghavendra: PAMAS: Power Aware Multi-Access Protocol with Signaling for Shirshu Varma graduated in Ad-hoc Network, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Electronics and Commu- Communication Review (July 1998). nication Engineering from [16] K. Arisha, M. Youssef and M. Younis: Energy Allahabad University and Aware TDMA based MAC for Sensor Network, post graduated in Commu- in IEEE Workshop on Integrated Management nication Engineering from of Power Aware Communications Computing BIT Mesra Ranchi, India. He and Networking (IMPACCT'02) (2002). [17] Zhihui Chen, Ashfaq Khokhar: Self completed his Ph.D in Organisation and Energy Efficient TDMA MAC Optical Communication from Protocol by Wakeup for Wireless Sensor University of Lucknow. He Networks, in Proceedings of the IEEE has served many organizations like BIT Mesra Conference (SECON'04) (August 2004). Ranchi, IET Lucknow, C-DAC Noida in the capacity [18] M. Ali, Saif, A. Dunkels, T. Voigt, K. Romer, of lecturer, Sr. lecturer & IT Consultant. Presently he K. Langendoen, J. Polastre, Z. A. Uzmi: is working Assistant Professor in IIIT Allahabad. Medium Access Control Issues in Sensor Dr. Varma has published about 27 papers in Networks, ACM SIGCOMM Computer international and national journals and conferences Communication Review, Vol. 36, No. 2 (April of repute. He is a member of IEEE and life member 2006). of ISTE. He has been a recipient of many national [19] IEEE Standard 802.11. Wireless LAN Medium awards in this area. His areas of interest are Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer intelligent sensor network, wireless sensor network, (PHY) Specifications (1999). Optical wireless communication, Wireless [20] N. Abramson: The ALOHA System – Another communication & network. Alternative for Computer Communications, in Proceedings Fall Joint Computer Conference, N. Malaviya worked as AFIPS Press, Vol. 37, pp. 281-285 (1970). Prof & Head Electronics [21] M. Ali, T. Suleman, and Z. A. Uzmi: MMAC: A Department at Institute of Mobility Adaptive , Collision Free MAC Engineering and Tech- Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, in nology, Lucknow (U.P), Proceedings 24th IEEE IPCCC'05, Phoenix, India. He completed his Arizona, USA (April 2005). Ph.D and M.Tech from [22] C. Karlof, N. Sastry, and D. Wagner: TinySec: A Link Layer Security Architecture for Wireless Indian Institute of Sensor Networks", in Proceedings SenSys'04, Technology, Roorkee. He pp. 162-175 (November 2004). has over thirty years of teaching and research experience. He has guided 10 Ph.D students and several M.E and B.Tech students. He was also Dean Rajesh Yadav completed Research in U.P Technical University, Lucknow his B.Tech (Hons) in (U.P). Computer Science and Engineering from Bundel- khand Institute of Engineering and Tech- nology, JHANSI (U.P), India in 1993. He obtained his M.Tech from Dayalbagh University AGRA (U.P) in 1998. He joined Electronics and Radar Development Establishment, Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Bangalore in 1998. Presently he is working as Scientist 'D' and his areas of interest are wireless sensor networks and real time embedded systems for UbiCC Journal, Volume 4, Number 3, August 2009 833

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Massacre Time
|Massacre Time
DVD reissue cover
|Directed by
|Lucio Fulci
|Produced by
|Oreste Coltellacci
|Written by
|Fernando Di Leo
|Franco Nero
George Hilton
Lynn Shayne
Nino Castelnuovo
|Music by
|Lallo Gori
|Riccardo Pallottini
|Edited by
|Ornella Micheli
Megan Film Colt
I F Cinematografiche
|Distributed by
|American International Pictures-(USA)
|Release dates
|August 10, 1966 (Italy)
December 4, 1968 (USA)
|Running time
|89 min.
|Box office
Massacre Time (aka Tempo di massacro, The Brute and the Beast, Colt Concert) is a 1966 Spaghetti Western feature film starring Franco Nero. It is noteworthy as the first of a very few westerns directed by horror icon Lucio Fulci.[1]
The film was released on the heels of Nero's hit Django; for this reason it was marketed in some areas as a Django film.[1]
Plot summary[edit]
Nero portrays Tom Corbett, a prospector called back to his hometown by a family friend. Upon his arrival in the town, Tom finds it under the control of a powerful, corrupt family. With the help of his alcoholic brother, Tom sets out to challenge the family and free the town from their rule.
The film was one of only two spaghetti Westerns imported to the US by AIP, the other being God Forgives... I Don't.[2]
This was released on a limited edition R0 NTSC DVD by Wild East Productions under its alternate title "The Brute and the Beast" in 2012.
- ^ a b Marco Giusti. Dizionario del western all'italiana. Mondadori, 2007. ISBN 88-04-57277-9.
- ^ Gary A. Smith, The American International Pictures Video Guide, McFarland 2009 p 34
External links[edit]
|This 1960s Western film–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
Hyper Heroes
Teenage life, school typecasting, bully attacks, unrequited love… and hyperpowers. Or at least some of the above.
Hyper Heroes is a light-hearted, all-ages (but thoughtful) superhero comic, with teen hijinks, good-natured comedy and the occasional superhero fight. You can read it here! (http://www.hyperheroes.com/
According to the project's Kickstarter page (http://www.kickstarter.com/
So, this comic lets its readers have an actual role in the story as a superhero. And if there's an ongoing Kickstarter project, then you're still on time to join. Yes, this means you can go over there and ask for your own hyperhero right now (http://www.kickstarter.com/
We all know mainstream superhero comics have very little space for new names; but the indie comics market isn't crazy about non-satiric superhero stories either. This means even getting Hyper Heroes to where it is now (http://www.hyperheroes.com) has been a challenge from day one. However, this hasn't stopped them from getting there… and they're still going at it.
Their next step is to make the Hyper Heroes Kickstarter project into a reality. And there's where you can help. Simply visit the project and, if you like it, back it. And become a comic book hero!


text:
I am a descendent of James A. Brigance of Fulton,Hickman Co.,Ky. I am trying to connect
him to Carrie Brigance that was living with
the George Terrett family in 1900 census. My
grandfather,his half brother and Carrie Brigance Harding were listed as heirs in a
land transaction.Can anyone help?
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text:
Coats Homes for Rent
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Want the inside scoop on Coats? Check out our Coats Local Talk for local tips and information about Coats. You can also get answers to your Coats questions from our local experts by using the "Ask a Question" feature.
Houses for Rent in Cities Near Coats, NC
MyNewPlace can help you find the Coats, NC home rental that will work best for you. Using our rental home search, you can view townhomes or condos for rent if you want to live downtown, or check out the rental listings for single family house rentals in the surrounding areas. Try one of these cities below for more rental houses near Coats, NC.


text: What's in your closet??? Could you use something new? Well, enter to win a $25.00 gift card to Plato's closet Here is how: LEAVE a separate comment for each thing that you have done or do. You can do this DAILY Ways to enter: 1 entry for signing up for emails on Plato's closet (you will get some great COUPONS) 1 entry for being a Madame Deals follower on twitter, facebook, or via email or RSS feed 1 entry for telling us what fashion trend you hope NEVER to see again 1 entry for telling us … [Read more...]


text:
Man rescued from Winooski fireAugust 03,2013
WINOOSKI Authorities say a fire that destroyed an apartment building in Winooski was started accidentally by a cigarette.
No one was injured in the fire Thursday afternoon, but one man who was sleeping in an apartment was rescued by neighbors who kicked in the door.
The Burlington Free Press reported that smoke was pouring from the building when a group of neighbors kicked in the door and grabbed John Maloney. Within minutes, the apartment house was ablaze with the windows blowing out.
The Red Cross said it was providing shelter for three of the four tenants and the fourth said he had a temporary place to stay.MORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER The state and its contractor for Vermont Health Connect operations and development... Full StoryBURLINGTON The final resting place of a little-remembered but crucial hero of the War of 1812... Full StoryA new federal study shows students in Vermont who live in poverty are more likely to have... Full Story
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text:
IFC Launches Sustainable Banking Network For Regulators To Share Green-Credit Expertise
WASHINGTON, Dec. 6, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, has launched the Sustainable Banking Network to help bank regulators in emerging markets develop green-credit policies and environmental and social risk-management guidelines by sharing knowledge and technical resources.
The network, led by IFC, is an informal group of bank regulators and banking associations. It will support members in their efforts to develop standards, policies and guidelines for environmental and social best practices in their countries' banking sectors. It was established in response to requests from several countries attending the first International Green Credit Forum in Beijing in May 2012 who asked IFC to help build a network of regulators who could share insights and experience.
"Environmentally and socially sustainable banking protects banks' assets, and presents business opportunities by opening up new financial product areas and markets," said Karin Finkelston, IFC Vice President for Asia Pacific. "Bank regulators play a key role in guiding the private sector in capitalizing on these business opportunities while ensuring societies' sustainable development. IFC takes a leadership role in supporting the network to help build capacity and partnerships for improved implementation of environmental and social standards."
The initial exchange of ideas will take place on IFC's member-only web platform, followed by annual meetings hosted by each member country and bi-lateral exchanges between member countries. To date, the network has members from Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Nigeria, Peru, Thailand and Vietnam .Several network members attended IFC's Performance Standards Community of Learning Forum in Washington, D.C., this week. The event sought to help financial institutions strengthen their environmental and social risk-management systems, build partnerships, and scale up sustainable banking. "Green policies are essential for sustainable growth and in this regard the financial sector can be the catalyst in driving responsible practices and strategies for the companies it lends to. This is especially the case in China where we have taken significant steps in developing policy guidance and encouraging banking institutions to adopt best practices for environmental and social risk mitigation and green lending," said Ye Yanfei, Deputy Director General of the Statistics Department, China Banking Regulatory Commission. SOURCE IFC
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text:
I'm a Java Developer Trying to build a Simple C# TCP Client. however for the life of me I can't figure out how to get this bloody thing to work. Here is my TCPClient code. BTW, I stole this directly from msdn. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.net.sockets.tcpclient.aspx
public static void Connect(String server, int port, String message)
// Create a TcpClient.
// Note, for this client to work you need to have a TcpServer
// connected to the same address as specified by the server, port
// combination.
TcpClient client = new TcpClient(server, port);
// Translate the passed message into ASCII and store it as a Byte array.
Byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(message);
// Get a client stream for reading and writing.
// Stream stream = client.GetStream();
NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
// Send the message to the connected TcpServer.
stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
Console.WriteLine("Sent: {0}", message);
// Receive the TcpServer.response.
// Buffer to store the response bytes.
data = new Byte[256];
// String to store the response ASCII representation.
String responseData = String.Empty;
// Read the first batch of the TcpServer response bytes.
Int32 bytes = stream.Read(data, 0, data.Length);
responseData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, bytes);
Console.WriteLine("Received: {0}", responseData);
// Close everything.
catch (ArgumentNullException e)
Console.WriteLine("ArgumentNullException: {0}", e);
catch (SocketException e)
Console.WriteLine("SocketException: {0}", e);
Console.WriteLine("\n Press Enter to continue...");
Here is my Java Server.
private ServerSocket socket;
private JAXBContext jaxbContext;
boolean listening = true;
private HMSAgentService() {
public HMSAgentService(int port) {
try {
this.socket = new ServerSocket(port);
logger.debug("Agent Service listening on port : " + port);
this.jaxbContext = HMSAgentUtil.getJAXBContext();
while (listening) {
new AgentServiceThread(socket.accept(), jaxbContext).start();
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} catch (JAXBException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
It simply starts off a new thread when it receives a client connection. Now my problem is that The program never moves past the stream.Write(). Also the server never receives the message. Only after I call Stream.close() does the server receive the message. But that essentially closes the connection and the client can't receive any more messages. Why is happening. I've tried using Sockets, StreamWriters, StreamReaders and its the same story. At this point i'm contemplating using The Asynchronous method, but I'm trying to keep the program as simple as possible, since there is no need for it. Is there anyway of signaling the end of a Write?


text:
Students Plead Guilty To Obama Bear Incident
Updated: 03/10/2009 - Two Western Carolina University students have pleaded guilty to charges related to dumping a dead bear with Barack Obama signs on its head on campus.
Updated: 03/10/2009 - Two Western Carolina University students have pleaded guilty to charges related to dumping a dead bear with Barack Obama signs on its head on campus.
Posted: 03/10/2009 - Find out how much your town or county will receive for law enforcement from the federal stimulus plan.
Updated: 03/10/2009 - Burger King Corp. will pay $85,000 to settle a sexual harassment lawsuit filed on behalf of a North Carolina woman who was harassed by her store manager.
Updated: 03/09/2009 - Goldsboro police say they didn't have to go too far to find out who broke into a convenience store Sunday.
Updated: 03/09/2009 - Goldsboro police say they discovered drugs and loaded guns after finding two suspicious vehicles in a city park late at night.
Posted: 03/08/2009 - A pastor was fatally shot in an Illinois church Sunday morning. Others were injured.
Posted: 03/08/2009 - A Pennsylvania District Attorney has weighed in on a lawsuit from parents who say a hospital hastened their son's death so they could harvest his organs.
Posted: 03/07/2009 - A teenager from Georgia has been sentenced to a year in jail in the death of a customer at a St. Louis-area Starbucks.
Posted: 03/07/2009 - There have been decades of moral arguments for and against the death penalty, but the debate may eventually turn on something more tangible, money.
Posted: 03/07/2009 - An upstate New York woman has been sentenced to at least 50 years in prison for poisoning her husband with antifreeze and trying to kill her daughter and frame her as the killer.
Posted: 03/07/2009 - Bernard Madoff could soon find himself in a courtroom with some of the devastated investors who he is accused of ripping off in one of the biggest financial frauds in history.
Updated: 03/09/2009 - An adult education student in a Detroit suburb has pleaded no contest to threatening to burn his English teacher as a witch and been sentenced to time served in jail.
Posted: 03/07/2009 - Police in Connecticut have arrested a man they say has a several-pack-a-day habit -- of Orbit gum.
Posted: 03/06/2009 - Authorities say they arrested the man without incident for outstanding drug warrants.
Updated: 03/06/2009 - Beaufort police say the woman's caregiver is accused of cashing the 80-year-old woman's federal stimulus check last year.
Updated: 03/06/2009 - A mother, three children ages two to four and another family member are dead after what Cleveland, Ohio police call one of the "worst multiple shootings" they've seen in a long time.
Posted: 03/06/2009 - Police soon figured out why a sport-utility vehicle sat through six green lights at a south-central Pennsylvania intersection.
Updated: 03/06/2009 - Lawmen say the bust is the result of several weeks of investigating.
Posted: 03/06/2009 - Find out what the crime rate is in schools in your county.
Posted: 03/06/2009 - A woman and four children were found shot to death in a west side home, and police were searching early Friday for the woman's husband, who fled the house on foot.
Posted: 03/05/2009 - More than 1,000 people gathered at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to remember slain student body president Eve Carson.
Updated: 03/05/2009 - Sex offenders convicted of rape and indecent liberties with children are among the dozens and dozens of registered sex offenders in eastern Carolina who's whereabouts are unknown.
Posted: 03/05/2009 - A ceremony at the University of North Carolina will commemorate the one-year anniversary of the death of student body president Eve Carson.
Posted: 03/04/2009 - A man police say left a gentleman's club and fired shots in the air is on the loose.
Posted: 03/04/2009 - Authorities say a Florida woman called 911 three times after McDonald's employees told her they were out of McNuggets.


text:
The habitat includes a pool with variable depths, planting holes, and several sitting ledges to fit the needs of any small critter. The habitat's clear underwater viewing side allows children to watch their amphibious pets move from dry land to water. Decorative accessories and plants, which create the proper ecosystem for any small creature, are also included. The lid is equipped with a positive lock system to make sure it stays put.
DuneCraft Offers a Clear Choice with Ultimate Habitat Kit
PBS Kids and Whole Foods Market Partner on Sustainable Toy Assortment in Time for Holidays
PBS Kids and Whole Foods Market are partnering to bring PBS Kids' line of educational and earth-friendly toys exclusively to the supermarket's customers this holiday season. Starting this week, gift givers can find the PBS Kids line, including classic wooden toys and soft plush animals, at Whole Foods Markets nationwide in the retailer's Whole Body department.
Appropriate for young children ages 6 months to 3 years, the PBS Kids toy line features race cars made from recycled milk bottles; colorful, wooden vehicles assembled by hand from local wood in Vermont; shape sorters and stackers intended to inspire a love for fruits and vegetables; and phthalate- and PVC-free plush. Each item is made with safe, non-toxic materials and inks, and all packaging is made from recycled materials.
Pley Plays with Experience
It can be hard to say no to a kid who consistently begs for a toy. But once they have that toy in their hands, parents are never sure how long the kid will play with it before they are ready to move on to something else.
Ranan Lachman had the same problem when his son was about five years old. Lachman realized that he had spent about $3,000 on toys, only for his son to play with each for only two to three hours. Lachman knew there had to be a more efficient way to provide toys for his son. Thus, he became the co-founder and CEO of Pley (yes, that's spelled correctly), a company that allows its customers to rent as many Lego sets as they want for a monthly fee. [Read more...]
Pueri Elemental Debuts Real Heroes Bopper Toys at ABC Kids Expo
Pueri Elemental is expanding its plush bop toy collection with its new Eco-Bonk Real Hero Series. These latest boppers join the ranks of the Eco-Bonk Wildlife Series, and will include Soldier Ethan, Fireman Mason, and Doctor Sophia.
Suitable for ages 2 and up, Eco-Bonk boppers are fitted with a soft cover made from 100 percent recycled plastic, while their covers make them feel more like interactive plush toys. Each durable vinyl inflatable is non-phthalate-based, contains no traceable BPA, is kinder to the earth, and packaged in recycled materials.
All three will be featured in the Made in USA Showcase and available for purchase in the South Hall, Level 1, Booth 4121, at ABC Kids Expo on September 7 to 10.
BeginAgain to Distribute Artterro Eco Art Kits
BeginAgain is expanding its offering of earth-friendly playthings, as the three-year-old company has inked an agreement to distribute Artterro's popular line of art and craft kits.
Artterro is known for unplugged art projects made of sustainable materials, and the company's line is assembled by hand in Madison, Wis. It includes eleven titles featuring needle felting, mixed-media collage, art journaling, and more.
Urban Canvas Introduces Design Tins Craft Kits
Urban Canvas, an eco-friendly craft toy company, has introduced Design Tins, a new collection of portable tin boxes packed with art activities. The first two kits in this collection, Doll-Tin Cafe and i.am.ro.bot., contain wooden and paper board pieces that children can decorate, assemble, and easily transport from place to place in a tin box.
The Doll-Tin Cafe contains two wooden dolls, decorative tape, paper board furniture pieces, and wooden tableware. With this kit, children can use their imagination to create a cafe scene and "dress up" wooden dolls with removable decorative tape.
The second kit, i.am.ro.bot., is a do-it-yourself block set. With this set, children can mix and match robot parts with blocks that are decorated with stickers that they can stick on and color. The kit comes complete with four wooden blocks, robot stickers, and colored pencils.
COMMENTARY: Endangered Species Toys Can Help Raise Environmental Awareness
Animal-themed toys are nothing new, but in recent months, I've been noticing a focus on endangered species. Shortly after Toy Fair 2014, BeginAgain released its Balance Boat: Endangered Animal Edition, a stacking toy featuring rubberwood versions of the panda, rhinoceros, tortoise, and more. Meanwhile, Green Tones by Hohner put out Endangered Animal Shakers, beautifully carved rubberwood musical toys that depict an owl, leopard, and turtle.
And on the plush front, Wild Republic has added vulnerable species such as the Siberian Tiger to its Cuddlekins line. Last but not least, Gund and Cuipo have collaborated on stuffed animals based on the endangered sun bear, emperor monkey, and three-toed sloth, among others. [Read more...]
COMMENTARY: Inside the Mega Bloks Factory, Where Innovation Is Their Building Block
There's been a trend of late among North American toy manufacturers to either move manufacturing back home or to stay put entirely. Recently, I had a chance to visit the Mega Bloks factory in Montreal, where Mega Bloks—the signature toys of Mega Brands Inc.—are produced, and it only strengthens the argument not to export toy-making abroad. Jean-Francois Albert, vice president of manufacturing for the company, offered a guided tour that showed off the facility's various innovations, which keep it cost-effective, even compared to China and other countries that traditionally offer cheap labor. [Read more...]
Eco-Bonk Bop Bags Get New Sustainable Raw Material
Pueri Elemental will begin using Repreve recycled fibers to make the removable covers for each inflatable bop bag toy in its Eco-Bonk line. The fabric will be made from post-consumer recycled (PCR) plastic water bottles, fiber waste, and fabrics.
Meanwhile, Lily Gibbon, Emma Owl, and Noah Whale are joining the existing wild and wooly animals in the Eco-Bonk Wildlife Series, making it six characters in all. The line is suitable for kids ages 2 and up.
COMMENTARY: Marble Runs Are on a Roll!
During Toy Fair last month, I saw quite a few marble runs on display, which is not at all surprising. This particular toy has been around since my own childhood and never seemed to go away for any prolonged span of time. Meanwhile, one of the vendors I spoke to said marble runs have actually increased in popularity over the past year, thanks to the growth of the construction toy category. He also said that many customers opt for larger sets—or else buy multiple small ones of the same brand—and that the ability to combine sets to build ever-larger runs makes for exceptional toy value in their eyes.
Personally, I think marble runs are a thing of beauty: You drop in your fateful spheroid and watch as it winds its way toward its ultimate destiny, guided only by physics and skilled engineering. For young builders, they are a terrific means of developing an understanding of cause and effect, not to mention patience–as any seasoned vet can tell you, it can take repeated tries and multiple setbacks before a marble run is put together perfectly. But it's worth it: A well-built run can have a downright pacifying effect, as watching the marble traveling along can put the mind in a focused, relaxed state.
Despite what they may have in common collectively, marble runs come in a range of different shapes, materials, and styles. Here are a few of my favorite companies currently producing them, but by no means should it be considered a definitive list. The breadth and scope of these toys is certainly worthy of a longer discussion; I'm just here to get the proverbial ball–or marble–rolling:
Hape is known [Read more...]


text:
I just discovered that half of my MABLE family came from Northumberland, England to Lancaster PA. John MABLE(b. 1846), George MABLE (b. 1850) and William MABLE (b. 1839) all came to PA in early 1870's. Three siblings, Isabella, Mary and Thomas went to Antrim, Ireland. Their oldest sister Margaret MABLE married Alexander Henderson and stayed in England,
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text:
Artist: Wladyslaw Dutkiewicz
oil on board, 1963
Photograph by Graeme Hastwell
Licensed by Viscopy
I think this is my favourite so far, anyway…..
Thanks Ben – that's why I chose it for the cover of the book. I'm sifting through files of what's already done to see what's large and good enough quality for RB – I may have to rescan some of the earlier work by Wlad and get some of those dark, moody abstracts by Ludwik too.
– Adam JL Dutkiewicz
Love the colours here.
My late father was a brilliant colourist, one of the most striking features of all his paintings, but especially his masterpieces.
– Adam JL Dutkiewicz
I see you are Perth based – my father stayed in Northam when he first migrated, in 1949; his first paintings in Oz were done in Perth.
– Adam JL Dutkiewicz
Wow what real striking art!
people here don't really remember him or his art, not much respect. But he was really a giant of modern art in Australia.
– Adam JL Dutkiewicz
Fabulous!! . . .
Fantastic! Such great details and textures. I love the bold use of colors and the dynamics and complexity of the composition. The man was a great artist! How good of you to share it with us through RB!
Superb painting!
Thanks Herold and Mark. I will put more images by him up over time.
– Adam JL Dutkiewicz
I just discovered today that this was Wlad's entry in the Contemporary Art Society of South Australia's Cornell Prize in 1963 – previously I had seen it in a catalogue from 1970, but it all makes sense now.


text:
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text:
Life is but a dream for Tattoo Nightmares' Big Gus and his wife/collaborator/inspiration Gypsy Rose.
Josh Payne shows off his illustrative tattooing style and talks about his secret passion in this month's cover feature.
Cover girl Bernadette relaxes on the beach and shows off her ink.
These are all of my favorite tattoos that I'm proud to show off.
I have diamonds on my right elbow; thought it was a cool concept.
InkedMag Newsletters InkedShop Special Offers
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text:
Major : Musical Arts
Program Description
Doctor of Musical Arts degree programs include: Composition, Conducting (Choral, Orchestral and Wind), Performance (all areas)and Piano Pedagogy. The Doctor of Musical Arts degree is a 45-hour program (minimum) oriented toward professional practice in music emphasizing the creation or performance of musical works and the application and transmission of knowledge about musical works. A nondissertation program, the degree culminates in four doctoral performance projects which are designed to suit the professional interests and aspirations of the student. Additional information may be obtained from the School of Music. The degree consists of 45 hours of coursework, a qualifying examination, and four performance or pedagogy projects which take the place of a dissertation. (For degrees involving a dissertation, please refer to the PhD in Fine Arts.)
|Hours Required for Non-Thesis:
|Mode-On Campus(Face-to-Face):
|Mode-Off Campus(Online):
|Music Graduate Studies Home Page :
|Graduate Degree Programs in Music :
|Keyboard :
|Conducting :
|Winds and Percussion :
|Strings :
Program Contact Information
|Graduate Coordinator:
|Michael Stoune
Department Contact Information
|Department Address
|Texas Tech School of Music
Box 42033
Texas Tech University
|Phone Number
|Fax Number
|Department Website
|Graduate Catalog
|Admission Requirements
|Admission Deadlines
|How To Apply
|Test Score Requirements
|Additional Requirements for International Students
Admission Requirements
Graduate School Requirements
- The basic Graduate School admission requirements are that students have graduated with a Bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited institution.
- International students must also provide proof of English proficiency.
Program Requirements
Letters of Recommendation required: 3
Recommendation Letter Instructions: The Decision Desk application provides an option to email the recommender a request to submit a letter of recommendation. The recommender can upload their letter on to Decision Desk. Letters of recommendation can also be mailed to the department address listed above or emailed directly to Dr. Michael Stoune.
Resume Required: Yes
Writing Samples Required: Yes
Writing Sample Instructions: May be a term paper, article submitted for publication, chapter of a thesis, or an extensive Statement of Purpose.
Departmental Application Required: Yes
Departmental Application Instructions: School of Music application is through Decision Desk and the link found on the School of Music website. Students must apply to BOTH the School of Music AND the Graduate School.
Prior Degree Required: Yes
Similar Undergraduate Major Required: Yes
Previous Work Sample Required: Yes
Previous Work Instructions: Recorded samples of performance, conducting of both rehearsal and performance, teaching individual and group, or recent compositions. Contact the division chair for specific information about audition submissions.
Admission Deadlines
The Office of Graduate and International Admissions does not have a specific deadline for domestic applications; we strongly recommend that you have all of the required application materials in by the date listed below.
|US Fall Deadlines
|US Spring Deadlines
|US Sum I Deadlines
|US Sum II Deadlines
|August 01
|December 01
|May 15
|June 23
We will do our best to process applications and materials from international students that are received after the deadline, however we cannot guarantee that your application evaluation will be complete in enough time for a decision to be made by your prospective academic department.
|International Fall Deadlines
|International Spring Deadlines
|International Sum I Deadlines
|International Sum II Deadlines
|February 15
|July 15
|February 15
|February 15
How To Apply
1) Apply to Graduate School : Fill out the online application at Apply Texas.
2) Pay your application fee: $60 initial application fee, $50 for each subsequent application (including changes of entry date, add/change program, or readmission). Application fees may be paid via ApplyTexas at the time of application submission or by credit card on our website.
3) Contact the Graduate Program Coordinator in your prospective department. Many departments have separate application requirements and deadlines, and the Graduate Program Coordinator will be able to assist you in your application process.
4) Send application requirements, from all of the colleges and universities that you have attended to Texas Tech University Graduate School.
| Postal Mailing Address
Texas Tech University
Office of Graduate and International Admissions
Box 41030
Lubbock, TX 79409-1030
| Physical Mailing Address (Express Mail)
Texas Tech University
Office of Graduate and International Admissions
Boston Ave. at Akron Ave.
Administration 328
Lubbock, TX 79409-1030
Contact Information for Graduate SchoolIf you have any questions about your application, call (806) 742-2781 or email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
To check your application status, please check Raiderlink.
Test Score Requirements
If both GRE and GMAT are listed as required, either are acceptable.
|Not Required
|Not Required
Additional Requirements for International Students
These are the minimal English language proficiency scores. For a list of English proficiency exempt countries, please visit: http://www.depts.ttu.edu/gradschool/admissions/international/exempt-countries.php.


text:
The Creative Writer's Companion
Selling Your Ideas for Movies, Books, Electronic Media, and More
Preview (read now) Add to my own site Give this ebook to a friend Add to my wishlist Author's page Publisher's page
Whether you're sitting on one blockbuster idea or half a dozen bright possibilities, The Creative Writer's Companion will help you parlay what you've created into the widest number of outlets. You'll learn how your plot and characters can become a book, a movie, a television show, or even a cartoon strip, and how limiting your queries to just one of those industries can hamper your project's ultimate success. Corwin will show you how to get your ideas into the hands of decision makers, explain how proposals get noticed, and divulge tips on presentation and packaging both ideas and written material.
The world of media is hungry for content, and there are more opportunities than ever to place your work. The Creative Writer's Companion will give you the inspiration and the strategies you need to turn your ideas into product.
St. Martin's Press; April 2001
224 pages; ISBN 9781466840713
Download in secure EPUB
Title: The Creative Writer's Companion
Author: Stanley J. Corwin
224 pages; ISBN 9781466840713
Download in secure EPUB
Title: The Creative Writer's Companion
Author: Stanley J. Corwin
Buy, download and read The Creative Writer's Companion (eBook) by Stanley J. Corwin today!
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replacement parts
Ask anyone on your list – tea is the perfect gift. Whether you're looking for something sweet, healthy, unusual or classic, we've got something for every taste, budget and style.
shop by ingredient
Chose one by which to filter your teas.
Our three limited edition holiday teas, a Perfect Spoon and 10 tea filters.
It just isn't the holidays without a hot cup of this creamy, nutmeg-scented blend.
A festive blend of black tea, peppermint and little candy cane sprinkles.
Cinnamon, apples, raisins, almonds, and hibiscus combine for a tea that is sweet, tart, and earthy. And beet pieces make it as nice and rosy as a caroler's cheeks.
A collection of eight loose leaf teas, a Perfect Spoon and a box of tea filters.
Nine super-festive teas and infusions, in a beautiful bright red box.
Every tea of the month from 2014 - plus a sneak peek of our January 2015 tea!
A collection of three festive teas to enjoy with your Christmas breakfast.
Go nuts for this collection of three rich and toasty nut-filled teas.
Minty black tea with candy cane sprinkles – in a limited edition tin
A rich, festive apple-and-spice herbal blend – in a limited edition tin.
A house-shaped box with Vanilla Chai and a mini agave bottle.
A house-shaped box with Apple Custard tea and a mini agave bottle.
A house-shaped box with Chocolate Chili Chai and a mini agave bottle.
Want your Christmas tree to taste as good as it looks? These fun, festive ornaments ought to do the trick.
A cozy mitten ornament filled with Santa's Secret, a black tea with candy cane sprinkles.
A cozy mitten ornament filled with Sleigh Ride, a warm and comforting mulled apple tea.
A cozy mitten ornament filled with Eggnog, a creamy rooibos with a hint of nutmeg.
Black tea with candy canes, in a limited edition printed tin ornament.
An apple and spice herbal blend, in a limited edition printed tin ornament.
A rich and creamy, nutmeg-scented rooibos, in a limited edition printed tin ornament.
Black tea with candy canes – in a cute, limited edition stackable tin.
An apple-spice herbal blend – in a cute, limited edition stackable tin.
Get crackin' with this seasonal mug, printed with a nutcracker design. Includes infuser.
Branch out with this fun bird-printed mug. Includes infuser and lid.
Create your own design with this DIY mug! Just draw on your design and bake.
Pour hot water into this colour-changing mug and watch the candy canes change from navy to red!
It doesn't get more festive than this bright red mug with a deer and snowflake print. Includes infuser.
Sip your favourite winter tea on the go with this festive village-printed travel mug.
This cute, festive double-walled travel mug comes in a seasonal print of birds and snowflakes.
A beautiful double-walled glass mug, in an extra big size for your favourite tea lattes.
Get cozy with this extra-large latte mug, printed with a snowy village design.
Brew your favourite tea into a latte with this warm and cozy, extra-large snowflake mug.
A sleek, modern tea set in matte porcelain and bamboo. Includes infuser.
Get a taste of tradition with this elegant, classic cast iron teapot.
This elegant, durable cast iron teapot is steeped in tradition.
Keep your tea hotter for longer with this fiery red cast iron teapot.
These classic cast iron teacups are as beautiful as they are durable.
Classic cast iron teacups in an elegant blue design with debossed dots.
Classic cast iron teacups, in a fiery shade of deep red.
A 100% soy wax candle, scented with our Blueberry Jam tea.
A 100% soy wax candle, scented with our Forever Nuts tea.
A 100% soy wax candle, scented with our Santa's Secret tea.
Upgrade any gift with this box of tea filters in festive holiday packaging.


text:
Man's best friend may be a dog, but beekeeper Manuel Juraci's best friend is a donkey named Boneco. Juraci is an inventor and beekeeper from the town of Itatira, Brazil. He wears the standard beekeeping uniform while on the job, and to keep from getting stung Boneco wears a full head-to-toe protective suit as well. The unlikely pair is turning heads and bringing home more honey than ever before.
Juraci is one of around 120 beekeepers in the small town of Itatira, which is in the Brazilian state of Ceará. Farming is difficult in Itatira because of the region's arid climate, and many in the area, Manuel included, have turned to honey production as a livelihood and means of support. But among the beekeepers, the team of Manuel and Boneco are among the most successful: Manuel can bring far more honey to market with the help of his friend than he could otherwise. To protect Boneco, Manuel developed the full body beekeeper suit that the donkey wears.
Manuel is something of an inventor, known locally as Professor Pardal. His design has been noticed not only by other beekeepers, but also by the Association of Honey Producers, who would like to see more of these suits made for their own donkeys. Manuel is considering their offer, but insists that it isn't just the suit that makes him successful; it's the hard work of his faithful friend, Boneco.
via Treehugger
3 Comments
pinbalwyz October 1, 2014 at 6:55 pm
How does this suit allow the donkey to urinate and defecate without getting stung?
Urielgrey May 17, 2014 at 12:32 pm
Awesome i like how he values Boneco and how that is the focus more than his cool invention and how it is is to protect Boneco.
Sandie February 16, 2013 at 8:50 pm
Love these stories to remind humans the value of animals in our lives.
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Hitachi, Ltd. will establish a new company in Europe to incorporate all activities for air-conditioning products, including sales, manufacture, and service operations in the European market. The new company is called Hitachi Air Conditioning Europe SAS.
Hitachi and Hitachi Appliances, Inc., which operates the air-conditioning business in the Hitachi Group, will reorganize the air conditioning business in Europe to strengthen its operation base in this market.
Previously, Hitachi's air conditioning business operated as two separate entities in Europe with manufacturing based in Barcelona (Hitachi Air Conditioning Products Europe, S.A.), and sales, marketing, and other operations run from the central office in Velizy, Paris (Hitachi Europe Ltd.'s Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Group), with additional sales offices covering major European territories. The new Hitachi Air Conditioning Europe company will comprise these different operations under one management and leadership team.
Kenichi Munakata is president of the newly formed Hitachi Air Conditioning Europe SAS. He commented, "Whilst the operations will not change from a geographical standpoint, this unification of our businesses will deliver further benefits to ultimately leverage the economies of scale and scope that such a change will deliver."
Hitachi and Hitachi Appliances are conducting similar strategic reorganizations in its Indian and Chinese air-conditioning business, pursuing a strategy of globalizing its operation through localization.
to Daily News
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Dec 19, 2014: 2014 U.S. steel production up 0.7% from 2013
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November 2014: Appliance Magazine Market Insight Annual Subscriptions
November 2014: U.S. Appliance Industry: Market Value, Life Expectancy & Replacement Picture 2014
October 2014: Portrait of the European Appliance Industry
September 2014: Appliance Industry Focus: HVAC


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Ashes (band)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2009)
|Washington, D.C., United States
|Hardcore punk
|Years active
Ashes were a hardcore punk band from Washington, D.C. The band was known for their heavy guitars and female vocals.
Ashes featured musical contributions from Matt Squire, who is a multi-platinum music producer, and Brian McTernan, who went on to play in the D.C. hardcore band Battery and later became a successful producer of many punk and hardcore bands.[1]
Band members[edit]
- Elena Ritchie - vocals
- Brian McTernan - guitar
- Jack Radner - bass guitar
- Matt Squire - drums
- Demo - 1992
- 7 inch - 1993
- V/A-The Spirit Of Solitude - 1993
- Hiding Place - 1994
- Wisconsin Avenue Tour - 1998. This album collects all the previous recordings, plus two more tracks recorded in 1994 by Mr. Issa from the band Good Clean Fun.
- V/A-Land of Greed, World of Need - 1994 on Trustkill Records
|This article on a United States band or other musical ensemble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
Latest 1,4-Butanediol Stories
DALLAS, December 4, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- The report "Succinic Acid Market by Source (Petroleum and Bio-based), Application (1,4 BDO, Polyurethane, Food, Resins, Coatings,
DUBLIN, Oct.
LONDON, Oct.
ALBANY, New York, October 15, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Succinic Acid Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2012 - 2018 Albany New York,
Vinmar commitment is for 210,000 tons of succinic acid per year when three plants operational -- Contract guarantees sale of 10,000 tons per year for 15 years from Sarnia
DUBLIN, June 16, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/ttz7jx/global_bio ) have announced the addition of the "2014 Report
DUBLIN, April 25, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Research and Markets ( http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/f5mmlc/succinic_acid) has announced the addition of the "Succinic
DUBLIN, Apr.
DUBLIN, Mar.
Market Size - $137.0 mn in 2013, Market Growth - CAGR of 23.3%, Market Trends - Growing application in BDO and PBS/PBST.
- a meat pie that is usually eaten at Christmas in Quebec


text:
USA Today – Nearly 600 flights have been canceled and thousands more delayed as storms brought headaches to tens of thousands of fliers.
The hardest-hit airports were in the Northeast, but the effects threatened to ripple out to other parts of the nation as scale of the flight disruptions grew.
USA Today – Runways were open at New York LaGuardia, but delays and cancellations were still slowing fliers a day after a rough landing by a Southwest Airlines flight temporarily halted flights.
Nearly 150 flights had been canceled at LaGuardia as of 10:25 a.m. ET on Tuesday, according to flight-tracking service FlightStats.
South China Morning Post – Anecdotal evidence of airport and airline delays abounds. But some solid data might surprise all but seasoned travellers. According to FlightStats, a popular US-based provider of data on air travel, Beijing and Shanghai rank at the bottom of 35 major international airports surveyed for flight delays and cancellations. And their performance has gone from bad to worse in the past six months. Hong Kong International Airport has also reported an increase in delays and cancellations that dragged its ranking down from 22 to 29.
Sports Features – A new study by travel information company FlightStats ranked Tokyo International Airport (Haneda) and Narita International Airport the world's two most reliable major airports based on flight departure times. The "On-time Performance Report" findings added further momentum to Tokyo 2020's transportation plan, helping validate Tokyo's claims that it will deliver a superb Olympic and Paralympic Games experience through its world-class transport system.
Cleveland.com – o hear the critics tell it, United Airlines is the worst airline for delaying flights and inconveniencing passengers.
"Another united flight — another delay. 2 hours this time," one passenger tweeted July 11.
"Just got hit with the ole @united hour and half flight delay. I've had more delays with United than all other airlines combined," tweeted another passenger on July 13.
"No wi-fi! No electricity! Multiple flight delays! Never change, @united airlines. Unless you change into a decent airline. Then change," a third passenger tweeted July 15.


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