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Every few months I go through a dry spell with reading. I pick up a book, read the first 30 pages or so, then put it down. Ok, maybe I just didn't like that particular book. Try again. I pick up the next book on my nightstand, start reading, get a handful of pages into it, then put it down. I don't even bother a third time because by now I know this pattern: I've hit a reading dry spell. It's not the end of the world, but there is always a teeny tiny part of me that thinks, "Oh no! What if I never find a book worth reading again? What if I never read another book?!" But I can usually keep that tiny voice to a minimum. What I do instead is move to crossword puzzles. And for the next month or so, that's all I do. I rip them out of an abandoned newspaper, I grab the latest copy of the Cascadia Weekly, anywhere I can nab a crossword puzzle, I do. Eventually, I tire of doing crosswords puzzles and give reading another shot. And before I know it, I'm back to powering through book after book, back on the reading train.
What strikes me about this book to crossword and back to book pattern is that, when I find reading to be stale, I still find solace in words, just in a different form.
Is that why we love reading? Is it the words? I mean, are all readers also lovers of crossword puzzles? When I think of the non-readers in my life (yes, I know a few), they are not crossword puzzle people. But when I think of the readers in my life, I can visualize a half-finished crossword puzzle on their dining room table or the arm of their couch.
I'd like to take a survey: For you book lovers out there, are you also a crossword puzzle lover? Inquiring minds want to know.
Middle school was around the time when I distinctly remember beginning to develop my own strong reading preferences. Almost immediately I favored darker stories of adventure and epic quests, preferences that have stuck with me to the present day. During this time of literary exploration and discovering what it was that I truly enjoyed reading, I discovered the Abhorsen Chronicles by Garth Nix and fell instantly, irrevocably in love with the characters that he created and the dark, beautiful, complex world that they inhabited. Protagonists Sabriel and Lirael were the first book characters to teach me that knowledge could in fact be power, that book-smarts can be just as useful to heroes as a weapon can. So you can imagine my delight when I heard a few months ago that author Garth Nix was returning to the Old Kingdom with another tale of the Charter and the
Clariel: The Lost Abhorsen takes place 600 years before Sabriel's time, in an age when Charter magic has been deemed unfashionable and is forgotten by most, even the Abhorsen. All young Clariel wants to do is join the Borderers, who patrol the Great Forest and care for its creatures, to be alone under the trees. But instead her mother, an estranged relative of the Abhorsen and a renowned goldsmith, moves the whole family to the capitol city of Belisaere. Forced into the deceptive world of politics, where everyone has an ulterior motive and merchant guilds have taken over governance of the city, Clariel is miserable. She's made to attend a finishing school designed to polish her for an advantageous marriage, but it's there that she meets Bel, another member of the Abhorsen's extended family. Together they uncover plots against the Crown and face dangerous Free Magic creatures in pursuit of answers, all while Clariel keeps trying to get home to the Great Forest and live a quiet life there alone.
This installation of the Abhorsen Chronicles focuses lesson the Abhorsens themselves, less on Death (in fact nobody enters into death in the entire novel), and more on the history of the Old Kingdom and Free Magic workings. It's an exciting look into a part of the Old Kingdom when the Charter was mostly forgotten, when the importance of major bloodlines like royalty and the Clayr was held in low regard and the responsibilities of the king and the Abhorsen were left by the wayside. By putting Clariel, Bel and their allies in a version of the world without everyday magic, Nix was able to emphasize and explore the hereditary qualities of the Abhorsen's family, like the succession of the title of Abhorsen and the inheritance of the berserk rage that runs in the royal family.
Clariel's desire to live alone, and her lack of interest in being with other people either romantically or platonically is treated as an unusual but perfectly acceptable approach to life, preserving Nix's great track record of demonstrating partnerships instead of romantic obsessions in his stories. Following one's calling is held in high esteem, but in this novel in particular the author emphasizes the danger of blindly following what you want without regard for the people who are around you and who sometimes depend on you. This is especially apparent not only with Clariel's struggles to control her rage, but also with her attraction to Free Magic and the raw force that it represents. Bel, with his overwhelming sense of duty in the face of his uncle's shirking his duties as Abhorsen, is great as both a supporting and a contrasting character to Clariel as she attempts to find where she belongs and the world and where her allegiances actually lie.
Of course Mogget, everyone's favorite Free Magic cat creature, plays a part in this story. I'll admit, I was hoping to learn more about his origins and how he came to be bound by the Abhorsen. But alas, I'll have to keep waiting with baited breath to hear that tale in its entirety. Readers are, however, treated to a return to Abhorsen House, paperwing flights, Charter sendings and, as I mentioned, a trip to Belisaere.
If you've been pining for the Old Kingdom, it's time to celebrate! Clariel: The Lost Abhorsen by Garth Nix was released on the 14th of this month. Refresh your good memories of Nix's wonderful writing by reading Sabriel, Lirael and Abhorsen (yes, yes, Across the Wall too) before diving into the new adventure.
Read more of Jenny's picks on villagebooks.com
Novels, regardless of genre, are usually centered around a few different things: characters and their development, a particular plot line, or a certain style of narrative. Electric City by Elizabeth Rosner contains a wonderful variety of characters and a compelling human story, but the true center of the book is a place: Electric City in upstate New York. It's the place where Thomas Edison built his factories in the late 1800's, building a community full of ambition and inspiration. This city and its promise of a better future are what brought Charles Steimetz to America. There he and his scientific mind became a part of the city's storied history. The year was 1919.
Fifty years later, the city is still standing. But times have changed and with them the challenges that Electric City faces. These struggles are represented by three teenage friends: Henry, the son of a prominent Dutch family, the perfect ideal of America's golden boy; Sophie, the daughter of Jewish immigrants, caught straddling the line between her parents' tradition and the new, rapidly changing society around her; and Martin, a member of the Mohawk tribe and grandson of Joseph Longboat, Charles Steimetz's best friend. Each of these characters has a strong connection with Steimetz, although they may be unaware of it or don't think much of it. But these connections, and Electric City itself, are the heart of the story.
Themes of cycles, like the life of a city or the journey of a family, are very prevalent throughout the book. These dovetail nicely with ruminations on "progress," how it's impacted Electric City over the years as well as the environment, ethnic identity, political attitudes and family relations. Although Henry, Sophie and Martin come from very diverse backgrounds, they are all caught up in the same movement of the world around them. It impacts who they are, how they see themselves, and how they fit into the world with each other and as individuals.
I find it very difficult to define a central conflict in this book, since it deals with the ebb and flow of the life of Electric City and the lives of the people who live there. But that doesn't mean that it wasn't an engaging story. Quite the opposite, in fact. The different ways that Henry, Sophie and Martin developed as people, and seeing how their struggles mirrored some of the thoughts that Steimitz had in the same place years before them, kept me curious about how they'd come through their individual struggles, and who they would become. Would they remain close? What would ultimately decide where they went in life, and how would Electric City help to determine that outcome?
Rosner conveys the characters and their feelings with a lyrical prose that went well with the poetic depiction of the cycles of a city, the cycles of human relationships, and the changes that take place in self-perception among the characters. To me, the flow of words blended with the flow of time in the story, carrying me along on a steady stream that was removed from but still very close to the protagonists.
If you're interested in immigrant stories in conjunction with the development of science in the West, or are just looking for an insightful read about the way our paths cross and meander through life, be sure to pick up a copy of Electric City by Elizabeth Rosner.
See more of Jenny's book picks at villagebooks.com.
It's difficult sometimes to draw a line between books in the Speculative Fiction genre and novels that fall under the umbrella of General Fiction. When there are dragons, magic and sorcery, stories are a little bit easier to put into a certain camp than when there's just a hint of the supernatural in otherwise mundane settings and struggles. But when that little bit of something beyond the everyday is added to a lyrical, evocative writing style, the novel itself becomes a thing of wonder worth reading for SpecFic fans as well as those who normally read less fantastical tales.
The Wonder of All Things by Jason Mott is one such novel. It's set in a small Midwestern town without much concern for the rest of the world outside of the valley, where people live out their entire lives from birth to death and, if they do make it out into the rest of the world and make a name for themselves, become legends to their friends and neighbors. It's the sort of small town where things like fiery airplane crashes and miracle healings don't happen, ever. That is, until the day when a stunt plane lands in a fiery ball on a grain silo and Ava Campbell, daughter of Sheriff Macon Campbell, magically heals her best friend Wash of injuries sustained in the accident.
Suddenly the small town of Stone Temple is awash in reporters, churches, doctors, and people seeking "The Miracle Child" to help their own loved ones. There are people trying to define her, debunk her, convert her, and she's only thirteen years old. Meanwhile Macon struggles to fulfill his obligations as sheriff, protect his family from the sudden avalanche of attention, and struggles with the idea that maybe, just maybe, this could be an opportunity. If he could use the press just enough to give his family a better life, would it be so bad? Would it really be exploiting his daughter if her future, her best interests are at stake? And what about Ava? How does she feel about everything, and how much can she tell the world about how she performs the miracle that her healing appears to be?
This novel is a family saga as much as it is the story of a girl with a mystical gift. Ava is lost, uncertain, and Macon is equally at a loss as to how to handle the sudden change that has come over their town and their loved ones, even their neighbors and friends as Ava's powers bring out both the best and the worst in people. As it becomes apparent that every healing costs Ava her own health, the moral dilemma becomes clearer: does she have an obligation to help others to the detriment of her own well-being, simply because she has the ability to do so? Do others have the right to ask her to sacrifice herself for them just because she can?
Author Jason Mott's writing style immersed me completely from the first couple of pages. His depiction of the small town and its surroundings, his descriptions of the people in terms of their pasts and desires instead of just their physical traits, had me hooked right away, and these small shreds that hinted at the complexity of the character as a whole made the moral dilemma of Ava's powers even more understandable. The choices Ava makes in who to help and how, as well as her willingness to be a test subject, speak to her guilt about her mother's death; Wash's uncertainty and caring nature are much more steadfast than Macon's, his youth attributing to his unwavering devotion to Ava because he has fewer obligations to pull him in different directions. Macon has possibly the most complicated series of decisions to make about the well-being of the people around him, from his wife and their unborn baby to Ava to the people of Stone Temple and the people with whom he makes deals in order to try and keep the situation under control. All of the characters and their battles are unique, all of them are beautifully written, and all of them had me agonizing over what decision I would make in their situation. I won't lie, I didn't have much more luck at decisiveness than the characters themselves displayed.
Most stories I read seem to detail the time leading up to a critical event, the event itself, and then the results and ripples that are created by it. The Wonder of All Things, however, doesn't do that. Rather, it brings the reader into the story just as Ava heals the badly hurt Wash and goes from there into the resulting insanity, then stops when Ava reaches a certain point in the aftermath. (I'm not going to spoil what point that is!) We don't find out what happens to the others, or where their individual stories go from there. It may sound counterintuitive, but I don't feel that this made the story cut off too sharply; it left off at a stopping point, even if it might not be the one that readers were expecting. But it ties up the ends that are important to Ava, and that was what mattered in the end.
If you enjoy Ivan Doig's depiction of small-town life, or liked The Storied Life of AJ Fikry by Gabrielle Zevin, pick up a copy of Jason Mott's new novel The Wonder of All Things. It will be released on September 30th and is available to pre-order now at your favorite local, independent bookstore.
It's that time of the year again when home vegetable gardeners can start to feel a little overwhelmed by produce. After waves of strawberries, raspberries, snow peas, and a continual abundance of leafy greens, not to mention the massive amounts of wild blackberries that are just finishing their season, we're buried under massive amounts of cucumbers, carrots, beans, and tomatoes! And if some of us never see another summer squash or zucchini again, it'll still be too soon. Next to come in the rotation are plums, then apples, pumpkins and gourds that will signal autumn's arrival.
We're swimming in the abundance of our gardens and local farms right now, and it's hard to imagine that in just a few short months we'll be bundled up in wool sweaters and pining for the taste of a juicy tomato still warm from the sun. You may not be able to wander outside and pick produce straight from the garden once the weather turns (except for those hardy winter greens, of course) but you can still save some of the summer by learning home preserving methods. That includes canning, drying, fermenting, brewing, freezing, and other ways of saving excess food from our more fruitful months to enjoy even in the middle of winter. Here are a few books from our cooking section that will help show you how:
The Art of Fermentation by Sandor Katz
Author Sandor Katz is a great go-to expert on fermentation methods from around the world. This popular book is a complete course on basic fermentation, its culinary history and uses internationally, and the science behind it as well as a variety of delicious recipes! Use this book as a guide to fermenting everything from fruits and vegetables (think kimchi) to grains like sourdough starters and methods for making cheese. The international nature of the recipes really give this book flare, and help introduce the reader to the wide range of flavor that can be achieved through fermentation.
Canning for a New Generation by Liana Krissoff
As the title suggests, this book is all about preserving through canning. You may have heard warnings about the safety of home canning, but speaking as someone who has enjoyed home-canned food since childhood, following basic safety precautions (sanitation is key!) and recipe instructions like processing times will result in a safe, reliable way to can your own food. Recipes included in this book vary from traditional strawberry jam to spicy Indian pickled carrots and blueberry-lemon marmalade. It's a great book for the adventurous preserver, or someone looking to push the flavor boundaries of their pantry.
Food in Jars and Preserving by the Pint, both by Marisa McClellan
Both of these preserving books by Marisa McClellan feature fantastic recipes, but the really great thing about them is that they are scaled for small-batch canning. Making just a few pints of preserves at a time may be ideal for people with small kitchens, limited stove space, or just a little bit of produce that needs processing. But for those of us who can large quantities of food at a time, it's still possible to take advantage of the delicious recipes by doubling or tripling them.
Preserving Everything by Leda Meredith
If canning isn't your thing and you'd like an overview of some other options, this should be the next book you add to your kitchen shelf. There are inevitably some canning recipes included here, but emphasis is also placed on drying, salting, and freezing as methods of preservation. The author also focuses on ways of keeping different types of meat and fish, which is an option that is easily overlooked sometimes when people think of preserving "food." The photos are pretty gorgeous too, and will make you want to head home and start making your own delicious food preserves.
Kathleen Flinn is the author of the New York Times bestselling memoir The Sharper Your Knife, the Less You Cry and her inspiring second book, The Kitchen Counter Cooking School. She is our guest on our Chuckanut Radio on Wednesday, August 27, 6:30pm at Whatcom Community College.
Many people have asked me how I developed so much detail in Burnt Toast Makes You Sing Good. After all, I wasn't even alive for half of the book. Fortunately, my mother had the forethought to write down many stories about her childhood and took the stories my father told her about his family and life and wrote them down, too. These recollections make up the core of the new book. They weren't fancy, but they captured these moments and for that, I am incredibly indebted to her. She's given me permission to share this one about Anna Ericsson Monk, my great-great-grandmother who arrived in America from Sweden in 1890.
Photo from 1912 shows Anna with her husband John Wellington Monk and their eldest children.
I Remember Grandma Monk
By Irene Flinn
I loved my Grandma Monk so much. She was always my hero.
Her husband died and left her with five children, Conrad, Inez (my Mom), Myrtle, George and Fanny. My Grandma kept two large barrels full of black dirt and they were loaded with night crawlers. She picked some up after heavy rains and they propagated in these barrels. She had a sign out front and fishermen came by all the time to buy her worms.
Also, she did laundry for the young men who were in the CCC camps (that is the Civil Construction Core that was developed during the depression to build parks, roads, etc. to give the young men work. A check was sent home to their families each month and they got room and board and a small portion to keep.
She grew a huge garden and canned everything she could and sold things from that also. Her largest income came from being a midwife and she delivered hundreds of babies in Newberry and the surrounding small towns. She grew herbs in her garden too and used some of them in healing. I wish I could recall the names of the herbs but we have a photo of me and my cousin in the catnip patch so she must have used that for something.
She delivered me. It was the fourth of July late in the evening and the doctor who was to deliver me arrive too late. He was slightly inebriated so my Grandma Monk too the silver nitrate drops from him to put in my eyes. They did that to keep infection down for newborns. My aunt Fanny, who was just 13 at the time, assisted my Grandma Monk by holding the lamp so she could see. I was the third child in the family and my Mom was just 22 at the time. My Aunt Fanny then stayed with my folks for two weeks so she could help my Mom with the two little boys, Charles and Clarence, and the new baby.
Grandma Monk was a wonderful cook. I can still taste her cinnamon rolls and huge oatmeal raisin cookies. When I visited her as a child, she made sure I was the only one there and she took me to movies and we had this delicious treat afterwards called a Frosted Malt which was in a cone. It tastes just like Wendy's frosties today and whenever I get one I think of my Grandma Monk.
One of Grandma's rememdies for a cold involved hollowing out a very large carrot and putting it in a jar to hold it upright. Then she would fill it with sugar and allow the sugar to stay there overnight. She even put the top back on the carrot. This was her cough remedy and it worked every time. It was delicious and sweet and tasted of carrot and love.
When my Mom was about 13 my Grandpa John Monk died of a heart attack. He was in charge of the boiler at the sawmill and the gauge wasn't working properly so he held on to it so everyone could get out. Another man came and helped him fix the gauge and then my Grandpa dropped dead of a heart attack.
Before he died, my Mom remembered, they lived quite well – in a nice big house. After he died, my Grandma Monk took in boarders to earn money for them to survive. She had many jobs and she was always busy. My Mom had to quit school to look after the younger children so she never graduated from high school. Aunt Fanny and Uncle George did graduate and she was proud of that.
Mom learned from my Grandma that every day you had to do something for someone else expecting nothing in return. Even if it was just to send a card to a sick person, but taking over a pot of soup was better. It was called "sunshine work." My folks were very generous and my Mom made many a pot of soup or a ham or whatever was needed to help out.
As an chronic homebody/couch potato/Netflixer/novel reader, I sometimes wonder if my introversion and avid fiction reading habits are two sides of the same coin. Not that extroversion and a love of literature are mutually exclusive...but at the end of the day it's easier to get to know a fictional character (who asks for nothing but my attention) while snuggled up with a blanket and my kitty, than interact with actual human beings. And while many of the characters I encounter on the page are larger than life, heroic, proactive, prolific, and admirable, it's the quiet ones that really resonate and stay with me in a personal way.
So when I came into possession of a copy of Haruki Murakami's new novel and cracked it open, I was immediately drawn to the main character. Tsukuru Tazaki lives a solitary and guarded life in the aftermath of a falling out with his once close-knit group of friends. The novel, called Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage (a title that will make handselling this one a bit of a mouthful), is layered and complex, though the writing is executed flawlessly in typical Murakami fashion. In fact, the story almost seems simple until you start turning over the details in your mind, pulling at the threads of the narrative.
In brief, without giving too much away, the novel is about a man named whose life revolves around his four friends until he goes away to college, only to realize one day that he has been shunned by them. Tsukuru is too devastated to investigate further into their motivations until many years later, when circumstances compel him to finally reach out to them. His efforts to track down and find closure with his former friends is nothing short of heroic in the face of the loneliness and desperation he has faced in the years without them.
Of course, if you've ever read Murakami before, you know that there's much more going on here than a simple mystery. People come in and out of Tsukuru's life, some breaking his trust and sending him deeper into isolation, others drawing him out. One of the most compelling themes of Tsukuru Tazaki is its portrayal of time, how it passes without us noticing. How so much of it can slip away, and how easy it is to let that happen with nothing to show for it. In our youth, awash in our potential, success and opportunity can seem endless, unstoppable, inevitable. But youth is easily squandered, and fear or apathy can lay bare all the promise that talent and enthusiasm foster.
As the book draws to a close, Murakami creates an incredible feeling of tension by simply dangling the possibility that Tsukuru may never have closure on the painful chapter of his life that haunted his early adulthood. It's a common platitude to say that everything happens for a reason, and that it will all work out in the end. But we all know that's not true. Bad things happen. Lonely people lose the ability to function in the world. Friends walk out of our lives, never to be regained. Unrequited love haunts some of us forever. But in the face of such possibilities, what Murakami might be getting at here is that the best we can do, the most heroic gesture we can make, is to try. To understand that we might fail, that we might never get what we want, but that for the sake of ourselves and those we have loved, we must refuse to ignore the passing of time. Like Tsukuru, we must eventually face those things in ourselves that hold us back. Sometimes we need to get off the couch, put down the book, go out the door into the real, live world, and try.
See more of Stephanie's recommendations on her staff picks page.
One of our sales reps, Cindy, recently sent me a copy of a book that's coming out in November called All My Puny Sorrows by Miriam Toews. "I loved this book," she said, "And think it's one you'll like too." I read the synopsis: Elf and Yoli are sisters. While on the surface Elfrieda's life is enviable (she's a world-renowned pianist, glamorous, wealthy, and happily married) and Yolandi's a mess (she's divorced and broke, with two teenagers growing up too quickly), they are fiercely close -- raised in a Mennonite household and sharing the hardship of Elf's desire to end her life. After Elf's latest attempt, Yoli must quickly determine how to keep her family from falling apart, how to keep her own heart from breaking, and what it means to love someone who wants to die.
"Do I really want to read this book?" I thought. More importantly, I wondered what about this book made Cindy think I'd enjoy it? Yeah, I do move toward darker stories, heavier topics, the kinds of books that my mom often sees me reading and warily says things like, "Doesn't that bring you down?"
Maybe a little background info is needed here. Depression is a little dark friend that has loomed around me since I was a child. What was once simply waved off as me being "the sensitive child" has officially been diagnosed as that lovely creature that mostly tiptoes around, but occasionally decides to yell and scream. So when my mom sees me reading "downer" books, I understand why she's concerned.
I'm ok with my inclination toward depressing books. What worried me when Cindy sent me the book was how she perceived me. I wondered if I wear my melancholy on my face, or maybe she's noticed a forced smile here and there. Because although I've claimed my depression and am open to talk about it, I try not to keep it on display.
Regardless of her reasons for sending me this book, I did start reading it. I'm only halfway through, but it's good. It's kicking me out of yet another reading funk. And although I do feel a morbid kinship with Elf, it's the other characters in the book that are keeping my attention. Their longing for Elf's survival and ends-of-the-earth determination to be there for her no matter what are giving me insights into what my family must have felt and thought, and will most likely face again, throughout the years with me. I don't know if it's possible to love my family any more than I already do, but if it is, this book would make it happen.
I don't know how this book will end. Spoiler alert: Elf may die. She may even die at her sister's hands. But what will stay with me from this book is the absolute love of family and what we'll do for the people who mean the world to us.
Last year, my brother and his wife took me to New York City for my birthday. I had so much fun--it was a fantastic experience. This was my first trip to NYC, and it was exactly like all the descriptions I had heard, and at the same time, not at all like what I had expected. Isn't that the joy of travel? To stand in a new place and really know, through your feet, what that place feels like? And coming from a small community like Bellingham, I was astounded by the efforts put into public places, buildings, and parks to create grand and beautiful spaces above and beyond mere function.
'Curiosity Killed the Cat' could be my family motto, and we love a passionate discussion. So naturally we assigned ourselves the task, before experiencing the Museum of Modern Art, to really look and carefully consider modern art. It is a rare privilege to visit a world-class museum, and one dedicated to the culture and support of modern art is rarer still. But our problem is that we just don't like much of modern art. And admitting that you don't like modern art is akin to admitting you don't like to read--it's such bad form. Starting from the top floor, we spent the day going through all the displays, reading the exhibit notes, dodging tour groups, and looking with a careful eye. Exhausted and verging on overload, we convened over a very late lunch and compared notes. After an energetic discussion, our conclusions were this: 1. The world would be a much poorer, and less lively place without modern art. 2. Modern art is an articulate expression of humans and their inner worlds in these current 20th and 21st centuries. 3. Modern art's very existence provides contrast, and therefore alternative culture and definitions, to all other art. 4. We still don't like it.
Art, and everything we create, fills our lives with ideas. From the earliest statues used in worship, through the Catholic Church's teaching murals, to today's political cartoons, art has been used to express every kind of human feeling and belief. In our 21st century culture we have come a long way from creating beautiful art merely to reflect our material wealth. But in my opinion, in our attempt to instill a sense of meaning and harsh, difficult, and gritty reality into art, we've instead created snarky, witty, political statements without any grace. Why is 'beauty' such a dirty word? When did the sublime in this world become so much less important than the bitter? Art is such a meaningful expression when the idea includes beauty--it makes us want to look again and again. MoMA was filled with art that is alive, powerful, really gritty and witty, yet (in my opinion) seriously missing much grace. And I missed it.
This last February, after holiday sales and the annual inventory census, I found myself standing in front of our art shelves feeling very sad. No matter what anybody's definition of beauty is, I had a hard time seeing much current art on our shelves. I know that there are thousands, if not millions of artists out there pouring their visions of grace, beauty, the human experience into a new language. And I want their work on our shelves. I want us to see, and be part of, this community of creativity. Luckily, the store buyers have been very tolerant and supportive, and have been searching for current works to add to our inventory. Bellingham is certainly not New York City. But what we are is a stubborn and thoughtful community vibrant with our own unique ideals. And one of the biggest, most delightful, and powerful perks of my job is finding books that support the creative language of Here, Us, Now. There is no better thrill than holding a new book full of bodacious visions, and wondering who will get to discover it. Maybe it will be you?


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The person who kissed this Guy was YOU. And your gonna pay I know your IP address u mother fucker Prepare 2 be hacked
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Some months back I was in Delhi and I went to a beauty clinic. I wanted a facial. The girl took me to a separate cubicle and asked me to take off my blouse and the saree. After I took off my blouse, she unhooked my bra and made me lie down with a tow
My Fantasy
I started to think about what I'd write to you. I had to do my laundry, which is my LEAST favorite thing to do so I figured that thinking up a hot story that would be a great distraction while I did my wash.
I went down to the laundry room of my a
Newfound Lovers at Play
Carmen and I arrive at the bus with the whole softball team after a very long and vigorous game that we won. As you can tell everyone is tired and we decide to start playing a movie. As soon as the movie starts Carmen asks me to come sit with her.
My Favorite Bar Part 2
One of my favorite nights at the bar down the street, I actually came home with three other women. I felt lucky as hell, I had my arm around a little blonde with huge tits, and there were two brunettes walking behind us, making out most of the way.
My Favorite Bar
Y'know what my favorite thing in the world is? Going to the lesbian bar down the road from my apartment. I really love it there, just a huge room full of women, beautiful women, ripe for the picking. And because I live so close, it's no proble
Surprise From the Lesbians
Marie went to a pool party with some of her friends,Sam,Abby,and Laura.She thought everything was fine.She and her friends had been swimming for hours.They decided it was enough.They all went to seperate rooms to change.The room Marie was in had a li
Shave And Suck
Connie Eubanks was feeling a little low that morning, and no matter how hard she tried, she couldn't get into her job, and constantly had to remind herself to get back to work! Even while taking phone calls, her mind would wander and she had to ask s
Naughty Girls
Emily and Shelby were the two friends. Both were lebos. One night Shelby spends the night at Emily's house. Late at night, Emily looked over at Shelby and thought, "I wanna lick and suck her so bad." Shelby looked over at Emily and thought, "I bet
I will never forget the first time I saw her. The elevator doors opened, and I was immediately struck by her beauty. She was tall, probably taller than me, had beautiful eyes, lips that just begged to be kissed, and the most perfect breasts I had e
The Sales Girl
Kathy stood by the front door of Cox Shoe Store waiting for the last few customers of the day leave. It was almost five o'clock and she had a lot to do before Mark picked her up to go to the movies, but as luck would have, at five to five another cus


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What does MOW mean in Companies & Firms?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand MOW in the Business field in general and in the Companies & Firms terminology in particular.
Motorcar Operators West railroad motorcars
Find a translation for MOW in other languages:
Select another language:
What does MOW mean?
- mow(v.t.)
- to cut down (grass, grain, etc.) with a scythe or a machine.
Discuss this MOW abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"MOW." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 17 Dec. 2014. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/151142>.
MOW also stands for:
- Maintainance Of Way
- Maintenance Of Way
- Maintenance of Way Department of Railroad Company
- Maintenance Orderwire
- Man or Woman
... and 23 more »
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Doubles with Husna Bahrudin
Some random shots of doubles featuring Husna Bahrudin. Hope you guys enjoy this little piece of artwork!This photo was shot on film. Taken by syafiqmddaud with a Lomo LC-A loaded with Lomography X-Pro Chrome 100 (35mm) film in Bandar Utama, Malaysia. These tags describe this photo: faces, doubles, ikea, outing, and friends. This photo can also be found in the album Doubles with Husna Bahrudin.
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Though the jobless rate continues to rise, workers across the country are making sacrifices to avoid more layoffs and "share the pain" of the economic slump. NewsHour business correspondent Paul Solman reports. Continue reading
The latest report from the Labor Department showed the unemployment rate climbed to 8.5 percent in March. Christine Owens, executive director of the National Employment Law Project, offers insight on the numbers. Continue reading
Troubles on Wall Street and concerns over the U.S. economy took center stage on the campaign trail again Wednesday. Judy Woodruff reports on the latest remarks from Sens. John McCain and Barack Obama on financial sector shifts. Continue reading
The Labor Department announced the sixth consecutive month of job cuts as U.S. employers cut 62,000 non-farm workers from their payrolls in June, creating the longest-running decline since 2002. Continue reading
Residents of Greeley, Colo., like many towns affected by raids on meat plants last week that led to the arrest of more than 1,000 allegedly undocumented workers, are debating the impact of immigrants on their communities. Continue reading
Proposed immigration reforms in Congress could change hiring practices. Continue reading


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Find out more about Conferences and Seminars with SKHS.
Dr. Ian Janssen, of the School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, in Queen's University (e) Affect Magazine, Fall 2014. He has been placed on the Thomson Reuters' Highly Cited Researchers list. ".....list is determined by Essential Science Indicators and includes scientists and researchers whose papers rank among the top 1% most cited in their subject field from 2002 to 2012." Dr.
Download: Issue 14 of the UG News [PDF]
Winter Adapted Games 2015 is an all-day event held annually in late January and organized by
students in both the School of Kinesiology and Health Studies and the
School of Rehabilitation Therapy.
Be a WAG 2015 Buddy!
28 Division Street | Queen's UniversityKingston ON | Canada | K7L 3N6
© 2014 Queen's University School of Kinesiology and Health Studies. All Rights Reserved.


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Think the Notre Dame Fighting Irish Men's Basketball Uniforms are Bad? You Must Have Forgotten About Jorge Campos
Originally written on Total Sports Blog | Last updated 11/18/14
While the Notre Dame Fighting Irish Men's Basketball team's lime green uniforms don't look so terrible on the interwebs, they are a complete eyesore on TV. The Irish debuted these "beauties" during the Big East Tournament, and are rumored to wear 'em again when they go dancing in the NCAA Tournament. Thank God they're not playing in Lexington. I don't think my eyes would be able to take it live. As bad as these jerseys may be, they aren't the worst of all time. That distinction goes to former Mexico National Team goalkeeper, Jorge Campos. Campos played professionally from 1988-2004 in some of the most hideous monstrosities ever worn in professional sports. Just look at these things: I guess when you're 5 and a half feet tall, a distracting kit is necessary to play in goal. So when you're watching the NCAA Tournament at a bar and someone asks you if you can believe how hideous the Fighting Irish jerseys are, school them on Jorge Campos. Follow me on Twitter @HookTSB
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Coco Rocha by Simon Upton for Harper's Bazaar Singapore April 2012
Coco Pops – Coco Rocha shows off some of her trademark moves for the April cover shoot of Harper's Bazaar Singapore. In front of…Read More
Coco Pops – Coco Rocha shows off some of her trademark moves for the April cover shoot of Harper's Bazaar Singapore. In front of…Read More
Paris Girl – Cover star Kinga Rajzak travels to Paris' Shangri-La for the February edition of Harper's Bazaar Singapore. Lensed by John-Paul Pietrus with…Read More
Good Sport – Supermodel Christy Turlington takes on athletic inspired looks for the March cover shoot of Harper's Bazaar Singapore. Photographed by Simon Upton…Read More
Super March – Christy Turlington covers the March edition of Harper's Bazaar Singapore looking ethereal in white. Christy was photographed by Simon Upton and…Read More
Masha Tyelna looks resort ready for the December cover of Harper's Bazaar Singapore. Masha was photographed by Gan and styled by Kenneth Goh for…Read More
Black Magic – Shu Pei looks fantastic in Fendi for the October cover shoot of Harper's Bazaar Singapore photographed in Seoul, Korea. Captured by…Read More
In the Mood for Love – The November issue of Harper's Bazaar Singapore celebrates its tenth anniversary with a cinematic story shot on the…Read More
La Dolce Vita – Michelle Buswell plays the dual role of masculine and feminine in the fall-winter collection from Dolce & Gabbana in Simon…Read More
Lady and the Vamp – Cindy Crawford first took the modeling industry by storm three decades ago, and the American supermodel shows no sign…Read More
And The Beat Goes On – Photographed in Hong Kong, Gan teams up with cover girl Emma Pei for a story of autumn color…Read More


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A department within Student Affairs
Eye to Eye - Organizing Institute (OI)
(Providence, Rhode Island) August 20, 2014 - After a successful first year of the Temple chapter, student coordinators: Matt Cahill, Holly Mainiero, Mike Gallagher and Ellen Carney were hard at work at the Eye-to-Eye Organizing Institute (OI) at Brown University. Along with practical organizational skill-building, inspirational speeches from national leaders like LGBTQ Rights lawyer Robbie Kaplan were delivered to over 100 student coordinators from 56 chapters spanning 20 states.
The Temple University chapter was highlighted throughout the OI. Matt and Holly presented at the conference about community building at the Temple University chapter with events like the Spring 2014 ice cream social. Last spring, Eye to Eye hosted a nationwide Art Project Competition. The winner will have their entry added to the Art Room Curriculum for the 2014-15 year. Matt won the contest with his redefining labels project. Mentors and mentees see that labels are not a stigma, but are strengths that others share.
The student coordinators are ready to begin the chapter's second year this fall as they are expanding to Mastery Charter Clymer and Grover Cleveland School in North Philadelphia. Expanding to two mentee schools is almost unheard of in Eye to Eye. However, from the success of their first year and the amount of people who want to join Eye to Eye, opening a second chapter was a no brainer! After the week of training, the Temple student coordinators are ready to build upon the success they had created the first year, and make the second year bigger and better!
What is Eye to Eye? The mentors are students from Temple University with learning disabilities and attention deficit disorders (LD and AD/HD) and the mentees are students at the elementary school who also have LD and AD/HD. Through Eye to Eye, both the mentors and mentees grew tremendously. The mentees learned new self-advocacy skills and ways to build self-awareness. They also learned many important things about living with LD and AD/HD. For example they learned how they individually process information and learn best. All of these skills will help the mentees to succeed in their future endeavors.
The mentors, even though they sought to be of help to the mentees, learned and grew immensely. The mentors built self-confidence, which is key for anyone to succeed. They also learned new skills such as running a successful organization, sticking to their commitments, and fulfilling their passions. All of these skills are key to fulfilling their own future educational and career goals.
Consider joining Eye to Eye this fall. You do not need to have a LD or AD/HD in order to be a part of Eye to Eye. There are many opportunities available for anyone to serve in this organization. Are you a marketing major? Consider helping promote Eye to Eye to the University community. Are you an event planner? Consider helping Eye to Eye plan events for their organization. All of these things can help you grow personally and make a difference in the life of a child that might otherwise be overlooked.
Contact: Matthew Cahill
Email: email@example.com
DRS in the Press - Temple Review Coverage of DRS
The spring edition of the Temple Review, a magazine for alumni and friends of Temple University, features a cover story titled "All-Inclusive Education" which explores the contributions that the Disability Resources and Services department and students with a disability have made to the Temple community. Highlighting the experiences of several students, the article describes some of the many ways DRS supports and advocates for students, including academic accommodations, campus accessibility, technological innovation, and job preparation. A related article covers the new Joshua A. Winheld/Charlotte W. Newcombe Foundation Scholarship Fund, created in honor of Joshua Winheld, a Temple graduate who died in 2009 after a long battle with muscular dystrophy.
Read the full article on the Temple Review online.
Vocational Rehabilitation
State Vocational Rehabilitation agencies provide a wide variety of services to assist people with disabilities secure gainful employment. Many students who experience significant disability-related financial need find relief from their state vocational rehabilitation agency. To locate the agency that serves your home state, please consult the vocational rehabilitation website.


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Medifast Day 151 -- My Christmas Tree
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Sunday, December 08, 2013
Waking up after one of my cheat days is like waking up on The Hangover. You take inventory of limbs and major body parts first. Stumble around making sure the house is OK and then you try to piece together the night before. After my blog yesterday we went to buy a Christmas tree. There were very few left at the nursery but I managed to find a good one. Did you know Netflix has a fireplace "movie"? I liked it so much that we fired up the real fireplace which we haven't done in a few years. Actually, this is the coldest it's been in 3-4 years!
We decorated the outside roof with lights too. My hands were so cold I couldn't feel my fingers for a good 10 minutes even after we went inside. They turned red then white and the skin looked "dried". One of the biggest storms of the year where people are being buried by snow and I'm over here complaining about it being 35 degrees. Well, after that we drove over to the mall because that's where World Market is to get my specialty wine. Oh god I missed this place. They have a wine club and you get discounts. I even managed to find the wine from Thanksgiving lunch!!! And the champagne we had for our wedding.
That's the fireplace movie in the background. I actually set up our 42'' TV as my computer monitor to play Sims two weeks ago and I think it'll stay there. I started at 11:30 AM with the champagne. It was delicious. I sipped it while decorating the tree and wrapping presents. After I finished that bottle we ordered pizza. This is where my memory fades to black and I actually don't remember much after 4 PM. The pizza was OK, it wasn't really great and it wasn't awful either. Back in the day when I was a binge eater and I actually mean a binge I would eat until my stomach ran out of room and I would throw up. Then I'd eat again. It really could have gone in that direction because I haven't eaten pizza in 9 months. But I ate 4 slices and my stomach wasn't overly full, in fact I was still kinda hungry. I had skipped lunch and all of my snacks. Getting sick was one of my fears in eating a pizza again and I'm glad my body accepted it. Some things will just trigger it from memory alone. I can't even smell zinfandel wine without gagging. That's a story for another day.
All in all it was a truly awesome day. The hubby got his pizza and we watched Sharknado. HAHA. What a stupid movie. You have to see it. This place gets a hurricane and it's raining sharks. How retarded is that?
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Very pretty. I just got a tree (a fake one) for free from my mother. I am hoping to decorate it soon.
Although it will not be as pretty as yours. I only have around 10 ornaments total, and no tree topper. I am thinking of getting stuff at the after Christmas sales instead of trying for prettiness before Christmas.
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You're tree looks great!
Have you ever tried Middle Sister Pinot Noir? I just tried it recently and it's pretty good and only $9.99!
Great job not binging on pizza!
Sharnado! That's on our list to watch soon.
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Great blog! Maybe I will look at that fireplace movie....or flip the switch for the real fireplace--well it is gas but who cares. We have had our share of real fireplaces.
Enjoy the season!
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Your decorating looks so good! What a cute tree too.
I saw about half of "Sharknado" over the summer....it was sooo bad/funny I couldn't watch the whole thing lol. Syfy Channel has the best funny movies, of course they're supposed to be scary, but they are so low budget they're hysterical.
Have a great Sunday!
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Nyack News
An Athletic Milestone for Men's Soccer
Nate Rayl scored the first goal of the game to put Nyack on the scoreboard first and up 1-0. Mid-Continent got on the board with a little over 5 minutes left in the half to tie the game 1-1. Midway through the second half Mid-Continent scored what would be the game winning goal to go up 2-1. Nyack played hard and battled to the end as they played the game without all-conference player Tim Conway. Nyack also played the second half without another of their best players as Oswald Adu went down with a groin injury and could not stay on the field.
Three players, Dan Corti, Oswald Adu, and Andres Martinez, were named to the all-tournament team.
Congratulations, Warriors for a battle well fought.
Recent Posts
- Nyack Baseball Team Collecting Baseball Gloves for Sports Clinic in Mexico
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- Hudson Link, TEDxSing Sing and Nyack College in New York Times Feature
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- Mandela Day Celebration at Nyack
- Storm Glautier Named CACC Rep to the National Student-Athlete Advisory Committee
- Memorial Concerts Honoring Professor Emeritus Ralph Ellenberger (1934-2014)
- Leadership Rockland Multicultural Communities Day Kicks Off at Nyack College
- Chamberfest at Nyack Rockland School of Music
- Nyack Rockland Colloquium Series Features Dr. K. Kale Yu
- NYACK NYC: Forgive Us...Confessions of a Compromised Faith--Book and Panel Discussion
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PreSchool Crafts
Young children will enjoy these preschool crafts. With a little help, these crafts are easy enough for kids as young as three years old, so get out the paper, paste and scissors for hours of crafting fun.
Pirate Ball Toss Game
Teri Smyth, my Twitter friend, is a wonderful illustrator and
Handprint Butterfly
This Handprint Butterfly is a great craft for the younger kids.
Baseball Lacing Craft
This baseball lacing craft helps the kids practice their fine
Luv You Dad Printable Card
Kids love to give cards that they have helped create.
Tissue Paper Fish for Dad
Does Dad like to fish? Have the kids make a
Willie the Whale Craft
This Willie the Whale Craft is an easy craft that even
2014 June Coloring Calendar
June can be a hectic month filled with Father's Day,
Father's Day Poem and Handprint Card
Here's an opportunity to show Dad how good he makes
Make Fingerprint Faces
The kids will have fun learning how to Make Fingerprint
VBS Wanted Poster
If you are doing the Western themed VBS projects this
Paper Bag Animals
Just a few pennies worth of supplies and you can
Mom's Love You Bunches Card
Mom knows they love her, but here is a chance for
Mother's Day Handprint Poem
Have the kids make this Mother's Day Handprint Poem as a very
Jumbo Buddies Mother's Day Card
The Buddies are here to help you get ready for
2014 May Coloring Calendar
May is a wonderful month. The flowers are in bloom,
Frog Hand Puppet
This simple Frog Hand Puppet is an easy beginning puppet


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New Orleans, U.S.A
10 - 11 September 2014
Quad Plus is a systems
integrator providing industry leading motors and controls for car shredders. We
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Olympus DELTA Handheld XRF Analyzers provide fast, reliable ID in seconds for scrap sorting applications. Designed for durability to withstand the toughest processing environments, DELTA XRF analyzers enables reliable sorting and analysis for superior performance in speed, LODs and elemental range. The DELTA brings the power and flexibility of handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to the field. Ruggedized and ultra-portable, this dramatically fast 24/7 technology provides accelerated testing times, allowing for hundreds more tests to be conducted per day with analytical confidence.
Incorporated in 1893, Euler Hermes is the world's largest provider of trade credit insurance. An Allianz Company, we have locations across the globe and coverage in over 200 foreign markets. We are rated A by A.M. Best and AA- by Standard and Poor's. We offer both domestic and export credit insurance policies that protect companies against bankruptcy and slow payment losses on accounts receivable. Credit insurance guards against catastrophic bad debt losses, enables safer sales growth to new and existing customers, promotes balance sheet strength and gives companies more access to working capital on better terms.
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28 - 30 January 2015
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This conference is the ideal platform from the entire length of the supply chain to meet and discuss the latest issues in the Mexican steel...
2 - 4 March 2015
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Returning for its third year, this flagship DRI and HBI event will bring together all those working in steel making raw materials to network and...
12 - 13 May 2015
From iron ore to pig iron to steel mill; producer to trader to technology firms, the Asian Iron Metallics and EAFs 2015 is where all...
(c) American Metal Market Events, part of Euromoney Trading Limited


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Tune in to #LateNightChefFight tonight on FYI Network. 7pm, 8pm & 11pm PST.
Join me this morning 8am PT/11am ET as I host another inspiring episode of #AllInWithLailaAli airing nationwide on @CBS! #ItsEpic
Thanksgiving is over...back to my usual lifestyle of eating dinner! Eating less than normal tonight to balance out the grubbin' I did last week! #organic #clean eating #healthylifestyle
After the #SoulTrainAwards find me on the #afterparty show hosted by @BigTiggerShow @JanellSnowden @BETnetworks @CentricTV @ 10:30pm PT/ET.
If you missed last night's premiere episode of #LateNiteChefFight watch it TODAY 12pm PT and 3pm ET on @FYI TV. Thanks for your support!
Tonight #LateNiteChefFight re-airs on the @FYI network on the west coast at 8p, 11p,12mid PT and on the east coast 11p, 2a and 3a ET!


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This cable worked perfectly with my Minix NEO X-7 Android box. This box really struggles with most (other) HDMI cables, which causes intermittent drop out of signals - the cause is the quality of HDMI cables. This cable worked perfectly though. Read more
Pros: Good Price and Ultra-Thin Cons: The image quality it's not perfect, I connect my laptop with a Samsung Smart TV and the letters are blurry Read more
Recommended purchase without having image problems everything works perfectly and is small and not occupy much space, best relation quality and price Read more
Pros: This cable has a good quality for a good price. Cons: The cable is quite hard and not so flexible as I expected. Other Thoughts: I think that it is better to buy more flexible cable than this one. The advantage of "Ultra-Thin" is not so significant in this case. Read more
Pros: It works fine, well made, no signal loss. It has good connection plugs gold plated. Wire is very slim, perfect to be the more discrete. It's a real 1,5 meters cable (Important to notice it, because in the past I have received a 98cm micro-USB supposed to measure 122cm...) Cons: Because it's slim,... Read more
Average quality but very good for the price. I know it won't break, but I don't expect to move it too much. It's just a HDMI cable, you know? How much do you handle those? None so far. Well, it comes in a simple plastic bag, if you are really the type that want's to pay for the packing more than the ... Read more
- High quality cable (thick, durable) - Good connection plugs (gold plated) - Very cheap product - 1.5m in length (although this is clearly stated) might be too short for your application - Plugs are not bendable (some cables offer the plugs to be bended up to 90 degrees) Works as advertised. No comments.... Read more
Well made, no issues with signal or connection. All the crimping looks well done. Quality product at a very fair and reasonable price. A real HDMI 1.4, full HD 3D images are going thru like they should! No cons, in the local shop they sell the same cable for much more! Bought this to connect my TV to ... Read more
This cable first caught my attention for being a cheap alternative to the cables I can find in my country (Mexico) which easily go for 2-3 times as much, didn't expect much, didn't really need much. Received much better cable than what I expected, great quality,good build and it's also 3D and Ethernet ... Read more
It's very cheap, in my country it cost more than 20€ It have a good quality and works fine. The screen can be seen in HD. My TV is Sony, and it have HDMI conector, so I plug the cable there, and the cable is enought long for what I want. In my country this cable is very expensive, but here in DealExtreme ... Read more


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Final: Ducks 5, Predators 2February 8th, 2014, 6:37 pm by ERIC STEPHENS
NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- Emerson Etem snapped a third-period tie and Mathieu Perreault added an insurance goal as the Ducks ended a three-game losing streak with a 5-2 win over the Nashville Predators on Saturday night.
The NHL-leading Ducks (41-14-5) were just 5-6-0 in their last 11 games but still managed to hit the Olympic break with a seven-point lead over San Jose in the Pacific Division and a three-point edge over St. Louis and Chicago for the top spot in the Western Conference.
Ryan Getzlaf and Corey Perry scored unconventional goals for the Ducks but it was Etem's first goal since Nov. 26 at Dallas that provided the difference. Etem was playing in his second game since being recalled from Norfolk (Va.) of the American Hockey League.
Jonas Hiller prepared for his turn in goal for Switzerland at the Olympics by giving the Ducks a strong 36-save effort in goal. Getzlaf added an empty-netter while Viktor Stalberg and Mike Fisher got the goals for Nashville.
Stalberg put the Predators on the scoreboard first at 11:35 of the opening period when he went to the net and jumped on a rebound left by Hiller and put a second try in off the falling goalie.Read the rest of this entry »


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In a printing system comprising a printer controlled by a host processor (11), a system of justification is provided wherein the determination of justification parameters is shared by the host processor (11) and the printer formatting processor (12). Justification means (25) in the host processor (11) determine which spaces in a line are to be altered to effect justification. Means (26, 28 and 13) are provided for conveying data from the host processor to the printer indicating which spaces in a particular line are to be so altered, and means (42) are provided in the printer for determining the size of the indicated spaces necessary to effect such a justification.
1. In a system comprising a printer controlled by a host processor, the improvement comprising,
justification means in said processor for sequentially processing a data stream including,
means for determining if a next unit in said data stream is a space unit,
means for storing a list predetermining which space units are alterable, and
means for determining from said list whether said next space unit is alterable,
means for conveying to said printer data indicating which space units are to be altered, and
means in said printer for determining the size of said alterable space units to effect justification.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the size of said space units is determined in full character units.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein said host processor is primarily a data processor.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the size of said space units is determined in units which are fractions of full character widths.
5. A method of justification in a printer controlled by a host processor comprising
determining in said processor if a next unit in a sequential data stream is a space unit,
storing in said processor a list predetermining which space units are alterable,
determining from said list whether said next space unit is alterable,
conveying to said printer data indicating which space units are to be altered, and
determining in said printer the size of said alterable space unit to effect justification.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the size of said space units is determined in full character units.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein said host processor is primarily a data processor.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the size of said space units is determined in units which are fractions of full character widths.
The present invention relates primarily to text processing systems, i.e., information processing systems wherein the processing affects the format of the information. More particularly, it relates to justification. The invention provides the text processing function of justification in a data processing system printer.
In prior art information processing systems, there has traditionally been a dividing line between data processing systems and text or word processing systems. The older data processing field developed over the past forty years is directed to information processing the primary purpose of which is to affect the value of the information being processed. The processing involves mathematical and other computational operations such as ordering and sorting which affect the substance or value of the information. In general, data processing is not concerned with format of the information except to the extent necessary to make the information readable or discernible to the operator either through a display or a printout. Otherwise, form is of no consequence.
On the other hand, in the newer word processing or text processing field which has developed over the past ten years, the value or substance of the information is of little consequence. Text or word processing is concerned with the formatting of alphanumeric data into a format or arrangement suitable for specified printed documents which are to be read and discerned by the public, e.g., letters, textbooks, magazines and newspapers.
Because of these substantial differences in functions, text processing equipment has been in general developed and marketed independent of data processing technology. Most businesses which require both data processing and text processing are likely to have independent systems for each function.
In recent years there has been an increasing demand for data processing equipment having at least some text processing capability so that the data processing equipment is capable of producing letter quality information documents in report form or even correspondence. To this end, there has been a trend in the industry to endow data processing systems with at least some word processing functions such as justification. Automated justification which is extensively available in the word processing industry, involves the uniform arrangement of interword spaces on each line so that the spaces are even and that the several lines on a page each end up at approximately the same position.
In traditional word processing systems involving the host processor, a relatively remote printer and a communications channel between the host processor and the printer, the determinations involved in the justification function are usually carried out either entirely within the host processor and transmitted to a printer with virtually no justification determining capability or justification determination is carried out entirely at the printer in a processor which is a microprocessor associated with the printer. In this latter case, the host processor would transmit to the printer over the communications channel only the characters on a particular line grouped as words, and the microprocessor at the printer would do the entire justification determination.
Initially in the word processing industry, justification determination involved distribution of blank space on a line into interword spacing in increments of full character spaces. However, as demands for higher quality formatted printing increased, the distribution of interword space was refined down to the use of increments which were a fraction of a full character space, e.g., 1/10ths of character spaces.
Justification with such fraction of character space increments could be carried out by word processing justification routines on the microprocessor associated with the printer. In addition, word processing equipment had the capability of carrying the entire justification function at the host processor and then transmitting over the communication channel the final character spacing in printer positions which were spaced in increments or of fractions of full character spaces.
In contrast to the performance of the justification in word processing system wherein the entire function is carried out at the host processor level or at the printer level, we have surprisingly found that in adapting the justification function to a data processing printing system, the most effective results are achieved when the justification function is shared between the host processor and the processor associated with the printer. The bulk of communications between a host data processor and a printer would involve data processing information only requiring transmission at full character spacing. Consequently, there would be a substantial amount of inefficiency in setting up a more costly and time consuming communication system capable of transmitting in increments of fractions of full character spacing when such space fractions would only be needed during the limited time the communications would involve the justification function. Thus, carrying out the entire justification function on the host processor would certainly not be too efficient.
On the other hand, if the entire justification function were carried out in the processor associated with the printer, data processing resources already available within the host processor would not be effectively utilized.
Thus, the present invention provides for the sharing of the justification function between the host processor and the printer in the following manner. Justification means are provided in the processor for determining which spaces in a line are to be altered to effect justification. Then, means are provided for conveying or transmitting data from the processor to the printer indicating which spaces in a line are to be altered; with this approach, this conveyed data may be in the full character increments conventionally used in communications from data processors. Further, processing means are provided in the printer for then determining the size of the spaces in order to effect justification. This latter means may of course operate in increments involving fractions of spaces since this data will not be further communicated.
Referring now to the drawing, wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated, and wherein like reference numerals are used throughout to designate like parts:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the logic and apparatus which may be used to carry out the justification expedients of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the process wherein the host processor makes the determination as to which spaces are to be altered to effect justification.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the process carried out in the processor system associated with the printer to determine the extent of modification of the space characters which are to be altered to effect justification.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a process carried out in the printer processor system for providing the justification parameters determined by the processes of FIGS. 2 and 3 in the appropriate format acceptable to the printer.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a routine carried out to calculate the size of the variable spaces in units which are fractions of full character widths to effect justification.
The logic and apparatus for carrying out the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. The system comprises a printer mechanism 10 which may be any conventional printer apparatus conventionally used in connection with word or text processing systems to provide letter quality documents. The host system 11 may be any standard data processing or word processing system, preferably one having a keyboard entry display; a typical system which may be used is the IBM System 23 data processor or the IBM 5280 data entry system. Alternatively, a text processor may be used for the host e.g., the system described in co-pending application Ser. No. 273,561, filed June 16, 1981, R. E. Berry et al, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,417,322, issued Nov. 22, 1983, assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
The printer mechanism 10 used in the present invention has some formatting capability. This formatting is carried out in formatting unit 12 associated with the printer mechanism 10. The formatting unit 12 is used to carry out such simple document formatting functions including justification. The host system 11 communicates with the formatting unit 12 over cable 13. The data transmitted over cable 13 to formatting unit 12 represents character data to be printed on printer mechanism 10 as a document in which data is already substantially formatted. The formatting unit 12 will perform its additional formatting functions and transmit the final formatted information to the printer mechanism 10 over bus 14. This information will be utilized to control the printer mechanism 10 to produce the final "hard copy" document on printer mechanism 10 in the conventional manner.
Formatting unit 12 contains a microprocessor 15 controlling all of the operations carried out within formatting unit 12. The formatting unit 12 further contains data link interface logic 16 which serves as the interface between the host system 11 and the formatting unit 12. Program memory unit 17 includes the operational programs utilized by microprocessor 15 in carrying out the various formatting functions within unit 12. Input buffer 18 provides for the storage of all of the data provided by host system 11. Output buffer 22 stores format data including justification parameters developed by the formatting unit 12 which will eventually be communicated to control the printer mechanism 10. Internal address bus 20 connects the various logic units within formatting unit 12 while internal address bus 21 serves in the conventional manner as means for addressing the various logic units which are to be interconnected through internal address bus 21. The data in final form to control the printer mechanism 10 is stored in print buffer 47 from which it is transferred to the printer mechanism 10 through I/O port unit 19, which operates in a conventional manner to serve as the interface between print buffer 47 and the printer mechanism 10 to provide formatted data necessary to operate the printer mechanism 10 over bus 14.
Now, using the logic and apparatus described above with respect to FIG. 1, the operations involved in the present invention will be described with respect to the flow charts in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. In the following description, it should be understood that the only formatting expedient to be fully described will be the expedient involving justification. Now, with respect to FIG. 2, we will describe the data processing which takes place in the host system 11. In the first step in the host justification routine, block 23, the host system 11 transmits over cable 13 to the formatting unit 12, the various page format and justification controls which are to be used by formatting unit 12 to produce the ultimate page format. This of course includes the various parameters which will be subsequently used by the formatting unit 12 to determine the size of the interword spacing when carrying out that portion of the justification function to be performed in the formatting unit 12. This will be subsequently described with respect to FIG. 3. In any event, the data input regarding page format and justification is processed through the data link interface logic 16 and forwarded over internal data bus 20 to the program memory unit 17 wherein the page format and justification parameters are stored.
When this step is completed, the host system 11 commences its justification function. In this function it considers the data stream character by character in sequence as follows. First, block 24, a decision is made as to whether the next character is a space character. If this character is a space character, then a determination is made, block 25, as to whether or not this space character is an alterable character. Conventionally in justification, it is predetermined as to what types of characters should be alterable and what types should not. Some examples of space characters which conventionally are not alterable are leading space characters, spaces which occur to the left of a tab, spaces which occur in the last line of a paragraph, and spaces which occur in a title or heading. The listings of the types of space characters which are not alterable is stored in a listing in the host system 11 which then determines with respect to each space character whether or not the particular character is of a type on the non-alterable list.
If it is determined that the character is an alterable character, then, block 26, an indication that we have another alterable space character is output from the host system 11 to formatting unit 12 which stores the character as an alterable character in input buffer 18 which is a recirculated serial buffer. If a determination is made in block 25 that the next character is not an alterable character, then, block 28, the host system 11 outputs an indication of non-alterable space character which is input to input buffer 18 in formatting unit 12. Irrespective of the decision in block 25, the routine is then looped back via input 29 to decision block 24 and the above described procedure is continued with respect to the next character.
If a determination is made in decision block 24 that the next character is not a space character, then a determination is made in decision block 30 as to whether we have an end of line character. If it is determined that there is an end of line character, then, block 31, an indication will be output as an end of line control character to input buffer 18 in formatting unit 12. On the other hand if a determination is made in block 30 that the character is not an end of line character, then, block 32, the character will be output from the host system 11 to formatting unit 12 where it will be stored at the next sequential position in sequential input buffer 18.
At this point, a determination is made in decision block 33 as to whether the particular job is at an end. If it is not, the routine is looped back via input 34 to decision block 24. If it is determined that the job is at an end, then the routine is looped back via input 35 to initial step 23 in the routine.
Now with respect to FIG. 3, let us consider justification steps carried out within the processor system of formatting unit 12 associated with the printer mechanism 10 in FIG. 1. In the initial printer scan routine, characters and control codes sent by the host system 11 are verified for validity and are interpreted into commands that are recognized by the printer mechanism 10. The scan pass routine is carried out entirely within the formatting unit 12. As has been previously mentioned, commands received from the host system 11 via the communications cable or linkage 13 are stored in a recirculating input buffer 18. The formatting process commences by getting the next byte from input buffer 18 as set forth in step 37. Then, decision block 38, a determination is made as to whether this next byte is a control byte or character data byte.
Let us assume that the data turns out to be a control byte. In such a case, the following steps are taken based upon a routine stored in program memory 17 of FIG. 1 under the control of microprocessor 15. First, block 39, a determination is made as to whether or not the control byte is a line end control byte. If it is not, then, block 40, whatever format parameters are indicated by the control byte are processed and the routine is returned via input 64 to block 37 where the next byte is obtained from the input buffer 18. On the other hand, if the control byte is a line end control byte, then, a further determination is made, block 41, as to whether justification is on. In other words, if the printer were operating in an ordinary data processing mode to produce a conventional data processing printout, then, there would be no need for any significant formatting and particularly justification. In such case, the justification feature would not be on. In the present example the justification feature is on, and the routine proceeds to block 42 where the justification parameters are calculated. At this point at the end of the line the system is already aware of which spaces on the line are to be altered to effect justification. In addition, there is a count of the total number of spaces in that particular line to be altered to effect justification stored in memory 27. The determination of the count and its storage in memory 27 will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
The calculation of the justification parameters as indicated above with respect to block 42 involves a sizing of each of the alterable spaces in the particular line to effect justification. While the size of the alterable spaces may be varied in units of full character width to effect such justification, a more uniform and higher quality document is produced when the system has the capability of altering the spaces by units which are a fraction of a character unit. With respect to FIG. 5, there will now be described the routine involving the calculation of justification parameters wherein positions and consequently the extent of space sizing may be determined in 1/120th inch increments. Since conventional ten pitch typing character size and consequently character space width is 12/120th of an inch each, the present incremental units involve 1/12th of a character space width. In calculating the justification parameters, first, block 60, the position of the right margin is calculated in 1/120th inch increments. Then, block 61, the position of the actual end of the line is calculated in the same increments. With these two figures, the "white space" may be calculated as indicated in block 62 by subtracting the end of line position from the right margin position. Once the white space is calculated, this space is divided by the number of alterable spaces in the line and adding the result to the basic space width as set forth in block 63, then, the size of each alterable space necessary to effect justification has been calculated in 1/120th inch increments.
After the calculation of justification parameters or if there is no justification, the routine then proceeds to block 43 where other line end parameters are calculated. These typically include print direction and distance from the end of the last line of print to the beginning of the next line.
Next, block 44, all calculated parameters associated with justification or line end are stored in output buffer 22 so that they are available when the line is ready to be printed on printer mechanism 10.
At this point the format routine which will be hereinafter described in greater detail with respect to FIG. 4 is called, block 45.
Returning now to decision block 38, if a determination is made that the data obtained from the input buffer 18 is not a control byte, then, block 46, a decision is made as to whether the next character has been designated as an alterable space character. We have hereinabove described with respect to FIG. 2 how the host system 11 of FIG. 1 determines and designates the characters which are eventually stored in recirculating input buffer 18 as alterable or non-alterable space characters. At the present point, a determination is made as to whether or not the character has this designation. If the character has been so designated, then, block 65, the justification count for the particular line which is being stored in general memory 27 is updated to reflect an additional alterable space character which may be altered in order to effect justification. In any event, after this update or if the character is not an alterable space character, then the routine proceeds to block 48 wherein the particular character is processed for printing and stored in output buffer 22. The routine is then returned to block 37 via input 51 and, the next byte is obtained from recirculating input buffer 18.
Now with respect to FIG. 4, we will describe the format routine in which the bytes of data stored in output buffer 22 of formatting unit 12 are prepared for use in the printer mechanism 10. In carrying out the format routine, first block 53, the next command is obtained from output buffer 22. For purposes of this description and in the system to be described, we will be dealing with two byte command. Then, block 54, a determination is made as to whether or not the next command is a control command. By conventional control commands, we mean general commands such as direction at which the line is to be printed, the extent of alteration of spaces required for justification, pitch and underscore capability. If the command is a control command, then, the particular control parameters involved are updated in print buffer 47 so that the commands are ready to control the printer mechanism 10 when called for, block 55. If the command is not a control command, then, it must be a print command, i.e., a command associated with the actual printed character, block 56. These commands would include the amount of escapement already including justification, the extent of index and the particular characters to be printed at the particular position. These commands are then stored as direct printed mechanism commands in print buffer 47, block 57. Upon the completion of the processing of either the control command or the print command, the routine is returned to block 53 where the next command is obtained from the output buffer 22.
The information thus loaded into the print buffer 47 will be used to control the printer mechanism 10 as the printer mechanism 10 requires it in the printing operation.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Small sinkhole found above Highway 99 tunnel machine
A 7-foot-deep sinkhole opened above the Highway 99 tunnel machine early Thursday as Bertha resumed operations. It was quickly filled.
Seattle Times transportation writer
A 7-foot-deep sinkhole opened above the Highway 99 tunnel machine early Thursday and was quickly filled.
The job site is between the Alaskan Way Viaduct and the Seattle waterfront, near South King Street.
There was no damage to buildings and roads, and no utility outages.
But a city electrical vault began to flood with concrete slurry, as workers were filling the hole nearby.
Tunnel machine Bertha had just resumed drilling at 9:30 p.m. Wednesday, after a two-week pause for adjustments and to receive a new set of cutting teeth. The drill was passing through a temporary concrete wall that provided a "safe haven" for maintenance work.
As it pushed through the wall — into very weak fill soils — the forward pressure exerted by the machine was too low for the sudden change in conditions, and the ground slumped downward, said Dave Sowers, Highway 99 engineering manager for the state Department of Transportation (DOT).
Not quite one-half of 1 percent more soil than expected poured into Bertha through the cutter face, he said.
It's difficult to achieve perfect balance, Sowers said. Too little pressure and the ground sinks. Too much, and dirt or fluids will burst upward.
"It certainly isn't something we want to happen, but it's not unexpected," Sowers said.
Previously, a concrete slab protected and compressed the tunneling route from above. Now, Bertha is beyond the slab, with only 35 feet of soft soil above it.
If there has to be soil failure, this may well be the best place.
The viaduct is protected from tunnel vibrations and soil slides by a row of deep concrete pillars along its west flank — inserted specifically to protect against these sorts of problems during the first phase of tunneling.
But once the machine passes under the viaduct, in early 2014, even a slight soil settlement could jeopardize downtown buildings. Hundreds of monitoring devices have been installed to try to catch problems early.
The Thursday incident happened at 5:45 a.m. and crews filled the hole in about 45 minutes, Sowers said.
The affected area is 15 feet by 20 feet, DOT spokeswoman KaDeena Yerkan said.
Bertha continued to have one of its better days, advancing 33 feet as of 5 p.m. Thursday, officials said. The drill has traveled more than 460 feet since July 30, on its voyage to South Lake Union.
Rotten timbers, dumped a century ago near the waterfront, may have contributed to the unstable soil.
Sowers blames underground pressure and says contractors will learn.
"This hasn't changed our opinion of STP (Seattle Tunnel Partners). We think they're doing a good job."
"The hole exposed an abandoned electrical conduit, and apparently fluid flowed through the conduit afterward. We have a vault being filled with slurry," said Scott Thomsen, City Light spokesman.
Mike Lindblom: 206-515-5631 or email@example.com
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