text: CHAPTER SEVEN Conclusion As described in the first chapter, the effects of AIDS-related attrition stand to dramatically reduce the effectiveness of government institutions in Southern Africa, where the public sector is already often characterised by low productivity, a lack of resources, skills shortages, and a resulting lack of capacity. By increasing staff turnover and costs and undermining the accumulation of institutional memory, the epidemic has the potential to further diminish the human and financial capital available to the public sector—exacerbating existing capacity constraints. At the same time, the virus is likely to increase demand for some services and change and complicate the delivery of others. In a region already characterised by weak service delivery, the combination of these effects could serve to further diminish the reach, quality, responsiveness, and resilience of government institutions. A definitive analysis of how disease impacts on hard to define concepts such as capacity and effectiveness is a tricky and sometimes impossible task. A lack of monitoring and data adds to these difficulties. Like several similar studies, this research was hampered by poor and often inaccessible data, and provides only a rough, indicative analysis of the epidemic's probable impact on the institutions studied. The findings nevertheless suggest that many of the institutions' personnel are susceptible to HIV infection, while the institutions themselves have characteristics that make them vulnerable to the effects of the epidemic. They further suggest that high levels of seemingly AIDS-related illness and death are significantly raising levels of attrition. Increasing attrition—combined with changes in demand for services as a result of the epidemic—is in turn exacerbating existing organisational and resource constraints and may already be impacting on service delivery. These effects are explained in more detail below. 107 108 Not Business as Usual THE IMPACT OF HIV / AIDS Analysis of the age and gender profiles of the three institutions show that many personnel belong to demographic groupings that are at high risk of contracting HIV. The work environments of all three share features, including high levels of staff mobility and denial, that are likely to increase the susceptibility of personnel to infection. All three institutions suffer from a number of pre-existing constraints, including high levels of bureaucracy, absenteeism, poor co-ordination, top-down management styles, low morale, and inadequate resources. Such challenges not only undermine existing productivity and effectiveness, but also are likely to make it more difficult for institutions to cope with higher levels of attrition, or changes in demand as a result of the epidemic. The reliance of all the institutions—particularly the MoAFS in Lesotho and the MPS—on highly skilled professional and technical staff is also leaving them vulnerable to the impact of HIV/AIDS. Such personnel are difficult to recruit, retain and replace, and even relatively low levels of attrition in these categories are likely to undermine effective service delivery. In this respect, managers reported that levels of illness and death are on the increase, with most lower-level staff confirming that absenteeism, illness, and retirement on medical grounds were problems in their organisations. These findings are supported by human resource data, which shows high levels of death across all job categories. Data from the MPS, in particular, indicates that mortality rates have increased substantially over the last decade, with death becoming an increasingly important cause of attrition over this period. Similar death rates were recorded among senior and middle management and frontline staff. The findings suggest that the epidemic is placing new demands on institutions. Owing to both the epidemic's effect on communities and the political imperatives it has created, developmentally oriented institutions such as the councils in Botswana and the MoAFS in Lesotho have taken on new responsibilities—often without sufficient human and financial resources. It has also complicated service delivery. In the MoAFS, for example, the epidemic has increased demand for food aid and nutritional support, at the same time reducing demand for farming-related services and impeding the ministry's efforts at diversifying and commercialising Lesotho's rural economy. It would also appear to be impacting on the ability of institutions to supply services. HIV/AIDS is only one of many of factors affecting Robyn Pharoah 109 service provision in the region, and it is often difficult to disentangle the effects of AIDS from other sources of attrition or pre-existing constraints. Anecdotal evidence nevertheless indicates that illness, absence, and death have resulted in productivity losses, a failure to meet obligations and, in some cases, wasting of resources. Illness and death among professional and technical personnel, in particular, are adding to high vacancy rates in these cadres and may already have resulted in declining professionalism and responsiveness. RESPONSES TO HIV / AIDS Although many managers, staff, and planners recognise HIV/AIDS as a problem, it is clear that all three institutions have some way to go before they will be in a position to successfully mitigate the effects of HIV/AIDS on either their staff or operations. As highlighted in Chapter 3, an effective workplace response to HIV/AIDS requires understanding the nature of the threat, acknowledging the problem, and mainstreaming HIV/AIDS into the organisation's core functions. It also requires putting in place measures to prevent new HIV infections, treating and caring for employees living with HIV/AIDS, and mitigating the effects of AIDS- related attrition on the institution itself. Successful execution of these strategies, in turn, requires committed leadership; a clear, well thought out policy framework; and dedicated staff to guide and co-ordinate implementation, as well as sufficient resources, capacity-building; and communication strategies to translate plans into action. However, while all three institutions have put in place responses to HIV/AIDS that incorporate at least some of these elements, none have combined all of them into a unified response. All three institutions' responses are therefore likely to be limited in their effectiveness. Key findings concern the following: A LACK OF THREAT ANALYSIS AND MONITORING None of the institutions studied have a clear idea of how HIV/AIDS is impacting on their staff or their ability to deliver their mandated services—although the MPS is in the process of conducting an institutional audit to better understand how and where HIV/AIDS is likely to have an impact. Potential sources of information, such as human resource data, are currently unutilised and such data is either not captured or not collected in a systematised fashion. Where information 110 Not Business as Usual is captured, it is often difficult and time-consuming to access, and is insufficiently detailed to monitor relevant trends over time. As discussed in Chapter 3, understanding the nature of the threat posed by the virus is important in formulating an appropriate response. A handful of basic, tried and tested approaches have been shown to increase the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions. Nevertheless, as illustrated in the case studies, each institution has unique characteristics that may make its staff susceptible to infection and it vulnerable to the impacts of the epidemic. It is important that these are incorporated into any response. Developing policies, programmes, and activities without a thorough understanding of such dynamics will inevitably reduce the efficacy of these measures. A LACK OF FORMALISATION Only one of the institutions, the MPS, has developed a formal HIV/AIDS policy to delineate and guide its response to the epidemic. However, this policy is currently limited in its effectiveness as a framework for action by a lack of clear implementation guidelines, and overly generic and often contradictory policy statements. The absence of a coherent, unambiguous policy has clearly weakened many of the responses to date, which have often suffered from a lack of strategic direction and ineffective use of resources. A policy framework establishes an institution's position, outlines the activities to be undertaken, and ensures that the response is balanced, activities complement each other, and resources are used most effectively. Given the stigma and fear that surround the virus, as well as the often limited financial and technical capacity available for HIV/AIDS programming, it is imperative that workplace initiatives engender trust, create a supportive environment, and make optimal use of funds and staff. A well-researched, context-appropriate HIV/AIDS policy is vital in establishing a response that respects the rights of employees, balances individual and organisational needs, and ensures the greatest 'bang for one's buck'. A LACK OF CO - ORDINATION AND MANDATE Linked to this, those responsible for HIV/AIDS activities operate without a clear mandate and activities are often poorly co-ordinated or unco- ordinated. Only the MPS has in place multiple, clearly mandated co- Robyn Pharoah 111 ordinating structures and personnel to manage its response. Gaborone council has an institutionally focused HIV/AIDS co-ordinating structure, but this body has reportedly itself suffered from a lack of co-ordination and been largely ineffective. Similarly, while the MoAFS department of nutrition and home economics has assumed de facto responsibility for implementing HIV/AIDS activities, at the time of the research the ministry had still to formally constitute a body to tackle HIV/AIDS among its staff. The lack of dedicated co-ordinating structures and staff could severely undermine the implementation of HIV/AIDS activities in these institutions, as they are likely to be sidelined in the face of other, competing tasks and weakened by a lack of clarity and direction. This said, the MLG and the MoAFS have both recently moved to address these weaknesses and it is hoped that the co-ordination of HIV/AIDS activities in will be strengthened in the future. THE ABSENCE OF HOLISTIC RESPONSES TO THE EPIDEMIC At the time of study none of the institutions had combined elements of prevention, care and support, and institutional impact mitigation into a comprehensive strategy to combat HIV/AIDS among their staff. This will inevitably reduce the effectiveness of responses. As discussed in Chapter 3, prevention, care and support, and alleviating the effects of HIV/AIDS on the institution are all crucial, reinforcing components of a successful response. Neglecting any of these components will weaken the others and is likely to result in wastage of resources as money is spent on strategies that have only limited impact. As summarised in Table 6, the MPS came closest to combining all these elements into a comprehensive response and, with activities under way to expand its VCT facilities and institute measures to mitigate the institutional effects of the epidemic, is continuing progress in this respect. For the most part, however, interventions have consisted of primarily prevention-oriented activities, with little or no attention paid to care and support or alleviating the organisational implications of the epidemic. This may well be linked to the cost and comparative complexity of providing comprehensive care and support and instituting measures to safeguard institutional capacity in low-resource settings. These are valid concerns. The public sector in Southern Africa is constrained by limited technical and financial capacity. However, as discussed in the first chapter, the cost of failing to respond effectively to the epidemic will far outweigh the resources required to implement early responses to the epidemic. As 112 Not Business as Usual Table 6: Summary of responses to HIV/AIDS Local councils MOAFS MPS (Botswana) (Lesotho) (Malawi) Threat analysis/monitoring * * HIV/AIDS policy X Dedicated budget * X X Co-ordinating structures X X Formalised prevention programme X Ad hoc Prevention activities X X Formalised care and support programme Ad hoc care and support activities X X X Impact mitigation strategies * X in place * planned illustrated by the MPS, partnerships between government, donors, and civil society can help to mobilise resources and build capacity. Where conducted, activities have been carried out largely on an ad hoc basis and have been driven by individuals as opposed to an overriding institutional vision. This failure to institutionalise prevention or care and support activities will compromise their sustainability, as they are likely to cease if those driving their implementation become ill, die or leave the organisation. It is thus vital that initiatives be institutionalised, so that programmes can continue even when key people are no longer present. The absence of a planned, holistic strategy, together with limited implementation capacity, have also meant that prevention activities have been arguably superficial in nature, and have not meaningfully tackled the complex issue of encouraging behavioural change. However, encouraging such change lies at the heart of any effective workplace HIV/AIDS strategy, and a failure to explore and implement mechanisms for bringing about change will fundamentally undermine efforts to combat and manage the virus. A MAINLY EXTERNALLY FOCUSED RESPONSE TO HIV / AIDS The failure to develop and implement comprehensive policies and programmes seems linked to the difficulty of balancing internal and Robyn Pharoah 113 external responses to the epidemic. In both the councils and the MoAFS, HIV/AIDS is seen through a 'service delivery lens'—making it largely a community-focused issue requiring a predominantly external response. This suggests that, as in most other public sector institutions in the region, HIV/AIDS is still seen as an individual and community issue as opposed to an organisational one. This is not unique to Southern Africa. Some large businesses, and a handful of government institutions, have acknowledged the potential institutional implications of the epidemic, but most public and private sector institutions worldwide still fail to recognise HIV/AIDS as a workplace issue. However, as discussed in this book, HIV/AIDS is a problem for individuals, communities, and states. It represents a unique threat and has the potential to severely undermine the capacity of public sector institutions to fulfil their mandate. Thus, while the emphasis on mitigating the external effects of the epidemic is understandable given both limited resources and the role of government institutions in service delivery, it is vital that concerted efforts are made to address the internal impact of the epidemic on these institutions. CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS The failure to put in place holistic policies and programmes is also in part attributable to a lack of capacity, specifically knowledge of how to design and implement appropriate responses. As highlighted in Chapter 3, implementing HIV/AIDS programming involves a range of new challenges and, with these, the need for training and capacity-building to enable institutions to develop, monitor, and evaluate appropriate strategies. Yet, in two of the three institutions studied there has been no formal or strategic capacity-building. In these organisations responses to HIV/AIDS have been left to develop organically, and staff involved in implementing HIV/AIDS activities have often assumed de facto responsibility for implementing such activities, have little prior knowledge or experience of HIV/AIDS issues, and have received little guidance or skills training. Without skills development, initiatives are again doomed to fail. It is vital that the requisite capacity and skills are developed and that institutions draw on the knowledge and experience of local experts and organisations working in the field of HIV/AIDS. 114 Not Business as Usual POLICY IMPLICATIONS It is clear that HIV/AIDS poses a significant threat to the integrity and effectiveness of public sector institutions in Southern Africa. The effects of AIDS-related attrition are already being felt in all three institutions and both senior and junior personnel expressed concern over how the epidemic may be impacting on service delivery. This suggests that the awareness required to deal with the epidemic's impact is growing. However, none of the institutions studied is yet in a position to prevent and manage the effects of AIDS-related attrition on either its staff or operations. The makings of more comprehensive responses are in place, but these need to be expanded and strengthened. In this respect, a number of recommendations can be made: • Greater emphasis should be placed on documenting the extent and adequacy of present public sector responses to the epidemic, as well as raising awareness of HIV/AIDS as an organisational issue with potentially serious capacity implications. • Institutions need to conduct research into where and how HIV/AIDS is likely to impact on their organisations. The gathering of human resource information needs to be strengthened, better managed, and linked to the monitoring of both AIDS and non-AIDS-related attrition. • Well thought out, context-appropriate policy frameworks should be developed to guide the design and implementation of workplace strategies. These need to be evidence-based and tied to implementation plans. • Dedicated resources need to be made available to support capacity- building and the implementation of holistic workplace programmes. • Co-ordinating structures need to be formed to drive responses. These need to have a clear mandate. • Dedicated staff should be appointed to co-ordinate implementation. They too must have a clear mandate, be sufficiently senior to fulfil this mandate, and have defined responsibilities written into their job descriptions. Robyn Pharoah 115 • Where responses are being established, these should be supported and strengthened to the point that they constitute holistic, comprehensive responses that incorporate not only prevention, but also care and support, and strategies for reducing the institutional effects of the epidemic. • Dedicated resources need to be made available to support the implementation of such workplace programmes. • Emphasis should be placed on building adequate capacity to develop workplace policy frameworks, design and implement holistic strategies, and optimally utilise available resources.


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Texas visits top 2014 ILBWilliam Wilkerson
The Longhorns are still trying to wrap up the final pieces of their 2013 class but coaches have also turned their attention toward 2014. On Monday, Texas defensive ends coach Bo Davis stopped by to visit sophomore inside linebacker Raekwon McMil...Blog | May 21, 2012
Weekend recruiting wrap: Big 12William Wilkerson
It continues to get worse in Austin, Texas, where the Longhorns lost to Ole Miss 44-23 on Saturday. We'll look at that loss and what it means for Texas, as well as Oklahoma trying to capitalize on its rivals' mishaps in this week's Big 12 weekend rec...Blog | September 16, 2013
The List: Top Big 12 games for recruitsWilliam Wilkerson
When you get down to it, the Big 12 is still centered around two programs: Texas and Oklahoma. Even though neither is the clear-cut favorite to win the Big 12, the Red River rivals still move the needle for many recruits. So it should come as no surp...Blog | August 27, 2013
La. DT Garnett is commit No. 12 for TexasWilliam Wilkerson
There wasn't a whole lot that 2014 defensive tackle Courtney Garnett (New Orleans/Saint Augustine) didn't absolutely love about his visit to Texas on April 30. He spoke as highly about the Longhorns as one could without showing his hand that he w...Blog | April 07, 2013
After visit, Texas remains No. 1 for La. DTWilliam Wilkerson
The future of the Longhorns' defensive front got a big boost over the past few days with the commitment of three defensive linemen. A fourth could be on the way, judging from what one out-of-state defensive tackle had to say after his weekend visi...Blog | April 02, 2013
2015 RB Williams already turning headsWilliam Wilkerson
Hugh Freeze, in what seems like the blink of an eye, has made Ole Miss an attractive destination for recruits across the country. No better proof of that can be found than what happened Thursday, when the Rebels picked up a commitment from Laquon ...Blog | January 23, 2013
OT Tunsil surprises by adding a visitWilliam Wilkerson
SAN ANTONIO -- It's funny what can come from All-Star game weeks. One minute a school isn't even a blip on someone's radar and the next, well, it's a blip that could grow into something much bigger. Take ESPN 150 offensive tackle Laremy Tunsil ...Blog | January 05, 2013
No. 1 OT Tunsil talks recruitingWilliam Wilkerson
SAN ANTONIO -- The recruitment of five-star offensive tackle Laremy Tunsil (Lake City, Fla./Columbia) is pretty cut-and-dried at this point. Alabama, Georgia, Florida State and Ole Miss are the schools in contention for the No. 1 offensive tackle...Blog | January 02, 2013
Q&A: 2013 junior college DE Kewan AlfredWilliam Wilkerson
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Texas defense shows up, shuts down UNMWilliam Wilkerson
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Offense will be factor for Keenen BrownWilliam Wilkerson
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Hunter Jr. still hearing nothing from TexasWilliam Wilkerson
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TE Jeremiah Gaines gets visit from TexasWilliam Wilkerson
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Anthony Alford has narrowed his choices down to three local schools and D.J. Humphries gives up first sack ever during Army All-American Bowl practice, writes William Wilkerson.Story | Conversation | January 06, 2012


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Back to White Bean Soup with Escarole
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White Bean Soup with Escarole Recipe
This winter warmer has become a favorite because it uses kitchen staples, it's packed with healthy ingredients and is a cinch to prepare. If I can't find escarole, I just sub fresh spinach.—Gina Samokar, North Haven, CT
TOTAL TIME: Prep: 15 min. Cook: 35 min. YIELD:8 servings
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1 small onion, chopped
- 5 garlic cloves, minced
- 3 cans (14-1/2 ounces each) reduced-sodium chicken broth
- 1 can (14-1/2 ounces) diced tomatoes, undrained
- 1/2 teaspoon Italian seasoning
- 1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
- 1 cup uncooked whole wheat orzo pasta
- 1 bunch escarole or spinach, coarsely chopped (about 8 cups)
- 1 can (15 ounces) white kidney or cannellini beans, rinsed and drained
- 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
- 1. In a Dutch oven, heat oil over medium heat. Add onion and garlic; cook and stir until tender. Add broth, tomatoes, Italian seasoning and pepper flakes; bring to a boil. Reduce heat; simmer, uncovered, 15 minutes.
- 2. Stir in orzo and escarole. Return to a boil; cook 12-14 minutes or until orzo is tender. Add beans; heat through, stirring occasionally. Sprinkle servings with cheese. Yield: 8 servings (2 quarts).
Nutritional Facts
1 cup equals 174 calories, 3 g fat (1 g saturated fat), 2 mg cholesterol, 572 mg sodium, 28 g carbohydrate, 8 g fiber, 9 g protein. Diabetic Exchanges: 1 starch, 1 lean meat, 1 vegetable, 1/2 fat.
© 2014 RDA Enthusiast Brands, LLC


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The invention relates to the delay measurement functionality of integrated circuits. An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved approach for delay measurement of an integrated circuit that is substantially independent of vendors, technology and/or used development tools with a minimum of implementation effort in design time and gate resources. According to the invention, it is proposed to provide at least one boundary scan cell, each having a storage layer between a scan input port (SI) and a scan output port (SO) constructed to be used within a boundary scan chain of an integrated circuit for boundary scan testability, to analyze each boundary scan cell to identify a redundant state which is used to extend the boundary scan cell by creating an additional local path (BP) between the respective said scan input and scan output ports bypassing the respective storage layer and to implement the scan cell in the integrated circuit by creating said scan chain.
1. Method for achieving delay measurement functionality of an integrated circuit comprising the steps of:
providing at least one boundary scan cell, each having a storage layer between a scan input port (SI) and a scan output port (SO) constructed to be used within a scan chain for boundary scan testability,
analyzing each scan cell to identify a redundant state
using this redundant state for creating an additional combinational path (BP) between the scan input port (SI) and a scan output port (SO) of a respective scan cell,
implementing each scan cell in the integrated circuit by creating said scan chain.
2. Method of
3. Method of
4. Method of
5. Method of
6. Method of
7. Method of
8. A boundary scan cell comprising:
an input port (PI) and an output port (PO) with a functional layer there between,
a scan input port (SI) and a scan output port (SO) with a storage layer there between, said storage layer is adapted to be used for achieving boundary scan testability,
a combinational path (BP) between the scan input port (SI) and the scan output port (SO) bypassing said storage layer.
9. Boundary scan cell of
10. Boundary scan cell of
11. Boundary scan cell of
12. Integrated circuit comprising
a boundary scan chain having delay measurement functionality.
13. Integrated circuit of
at least one boundary scan cell, said scan cell is connected by means of said scan input and output ports (SI, SO) to form a scan chain, wherein the scan input port (SI) of a first scan cell is connected to a test data input port (TDI) and the scan output port (SO) of a scan cell forming the end of the scan chain is connected via a test data output path (BSR_TDO) to a test data output port (TDO) for boundary scan testability.
14. Integrated circuit of
15. Integrated circuit of
16. Integrated circuit of
17. Electrical device comprising an Integrated circuit of
18. Method for performing delay measurement of an integrated circuit comprising a boundary scan chain having delay measurement functionality, including the steps of
entering a delay measurement mode,
applying of a test data signal on a test data input (TDI) for boundary scan testability,
performing the delay measurement at a port (TDO, DCO) connected to the test data output path (BSR_TDO) for scan testability.
19. Method of
20. Method of
performing the delay measurement at the test data output port (TDO) for boundary scan testability.
21. Method of
performing the delay measurement at a separate delay chain output port (DCO).
[0001] This application claims priority of European Application No. 01301472.5 filed on Feb. 19, 2001.
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The invention relates to a method for achieving delay measurement functionality, to a boundary scan cell, an integrated circuit and an electrical device each having delay measurement functionality and to a method for performing delay measurement.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] As known for a person skilled in the art, usually the design of complex ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), SOCs (System On Chip) and/or ICs (Integrated Circuits) in time with required quality levels is a major challenge. Based thereon it is often very important for ASICs/SOCs/ICs, in the following description generally referred-to as integrated circuit, to have an easy accessible delay measurement path for several reasons. The delay of a long path running across the whole integrated circuit (cross-chip) of an electrical device through lots of instances, such as inverters and/or multiplexer makes it possible to measure final process parameters of the integrated circuit within a best case and worst case production process window.
[0006] Usually, this information is very important for the production testing at the vendor side. But very often this information also is necessary at the circuit pack or PCB (printed circuit board) level, system test level and/or even in the field, for example in case of problems occurred in functionality, timing and/or debugging, the �quality level� reached by the integrated circuit should be determined. Additionally, even for the characterization of the delay modeling during different design phases, such as estimation, floor planning, trial and/or final layout a dedicated delay path may help in qualifying the delay models together with the topological information of the database.
[0007] Thus, especially for a quality ranking of an electrical device, a design flow and/or a vendor dealing with complex integrated circuits it is very important to know how accurate the timing modeling fits with the real devices to estimate the timing margin between simulation models and their corresponding real devices. As mentioned above, in case of device problems it is important to know the relative device performance within the best case to worst case process variations. The process quality level can be determined, if a delay measured on an integrated circuit sample can be compared with the delay calculated by a timing simulation or by STA (static timing analysis) with certain process quality assumptions.
[0008] At present, a method for determining a quality level of a complex integrated circuit is involving a simple delay strobing on the (production) tester, which only indicates a passing or failing result but does not give an exact delay value. A further approach comprises the definition of a more or less random delay path within the design resulting in an ad hoc and none-standard solution concerning the topology, implementation, access and initialization.
[0009] Further known solutions for delay measurement and process characterization involve the use of a so called NAND-tree and/or a PROCMON-cell, i.e. a process-monitor-cell, both requiring additional instances, needing some efforts for implementation, initialization and/or access and might be vendor dependent as disclosed for example by LSI Logic, �Design Manual and Procmon Application Note� or Texas Instruments, �GS30 Design Manual and TDL Documentation�, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0010] An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved approach for delay measurement of an integrated circuit that is substantially independent of vendors, technology and/or used development tools with a minimum of implementation effort in design time and gate resources.
[0011] Further objects are to provide a delay measurement functionality which can be produced at low costs and may cover a long path across an integrated circuit and with an easy access and initialization for performing the delay measurement without the need of a complicated and/or expensive IC-tester. According to the invention it is proposed to provide at least one boundary scan cell, each having a storage layer between a scan input port and a scan output port constructed to be used within a scan chain of an integrated circuit for boundary scan testability, to analyze each of the boundary scan cells to identify a redundant state which is used to extend the scan cell by creating an additional local path between the respective scan input and scan output ports bypassing the respective storage layer and to implement each scan cell in the integrated circuit by creating said scan chain.
[0012] One of the advantages of the present invention is, that by means of said local bypass path the scan input port and the scan output port are connected in a purely combinational manner for performing a delay chain that may include all input, output and bi-directional boundary scan cells.
[0013] Moreover due to the fact that a redundant state is used for providing delay measurement functionality the inventive approach is still conform with the original boundary scan testability requirements.
[0014] By using a boundary scan cell for delay measurement having a functional layer and a storage layer which is bypassed for delay measurement no additional ports and/or test signals are necessary for the boundary scan cells used within the inventive boundary scan cell delay chain. Since furthermore no additional design instances and connectivity are necessary because only commercial or user library elements are modified internally and the cell ports are still the same, the implementation effort in design time and gate resources is minimal and substantially independent of vendors, technology and used development tools.
[0015] To obtain a relatively long delay chain for measuring to reduce the influence of fixed measuring errors and to preferably spread the delay chain across the whole chip to cover several process variances of the device, it is suggested to use so called boundary scan cells substantially avoiding any additional topological impact because only the boundary scan cells have to be placed and routed according the boundary scan and functional requirements. Since it is in general mandatory to use such boundary scan cells for a boundary scan chain in complex ASICs, SOCs and/or ICs, the delay chain, as an advantageously consequence, is implemented automatically.
[0016] According to a very preferred embodiment it is proposed to use boundary scan cells according to the IEEE Standard 1149.1, i.e. a standard methodology for interconnect testing on PCB, or to a standard derived from the IEEE Standard 1149.1.
[0017] Furthermore, according to a further preferred embodiment, it is proposed to is connect the local bypass path and the storage layer of a respective scan cell with the scan output port via a multiplexer which is controlled by the shift signal from a given test access port controller to add a delay between the shift registers for increasing the hold time margin, i.e. to provide a skew safety margin for the test clock (TCK).
[0018] The local bypass path may comprise additional library elements for further delay or level adjusting, such as inversions.
[0019] Moreover, since in substantial no additional test ports and/or signals are necessary, an easier initialization and simulation setup as well as a delay measurement without a usual complex ASIC/IC tester even on board is guaranteed. Based thereon the preferred method of performing delay measurement of an integrated circuit or electrical device having an integrated circuit with an inventive delay chain merely comprises the entering of the delay measurement mode preferably by setting the boundary scan TAP-controller in a test-logic-reset-state (TRSTN=0) and by applying a data transition on the test data input (TDI). The delay measurement itself can be performed at the given test data output path (BSR_TDO) for the scan testability.
[0020] Depending on specific device architectures, an additional delay chain output port (DCO) connected with the test data output path (BSR_TDO) may be provided.
[0021] Even if boundary scan cells usually consist of different logic cells for different vendors and/or technologies there are no special logic cells required. Thus by modifying such scan cells according to the inventive approach a delay chain is ensured, which is in contrast to prior vendor specific delay chains substantially vendor and technology independent and is moreover still including boundary scan test compatibility. Since the inventive delay chain can be accessed by setting two test pins or ports to a certain value, wherein such test pins are pre-given, easily accessible on PCB due to IEEE 1149.1 requirements and/or can be shared with other test pins, no additional pins is are required.
[0022] Thus, the inventive approach results in a new and improved standard methodology addressing the issues of delay measurement and ,,quality level� determination for integrated circuits, in general.
[0023] Subsequently the invention is described in more detail, in particular on the bases of a very preferred embodiment and with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
[0024]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred boundary scan cell modified according to the invention,
[0025]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a standardized boundary scan cell prior to the modification according to FIG. 1,
[0026]FIG. 3 schematically depicts a chip having a boundary scan delay chain formed by serially connected scan cells according to FIG. 1, and
[0027]FIG. 4 is schematically depicting an inventively modified boundary scan delay chain architecture based on boundary scan cells according to the IEEE Standard 1149.1.
[0028] For the following description and for the attached set of claims complex ASICs, SOCs and ICs are generally referred-to as integrated circuit. As known by a person skilled in the art, ordinary scan cells connected to form shift registers are often incorporated or implemented in integrated circuits for scan testability reasons.
[0029] Based thereon, reference is made to FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically showing a boundary scan cell having delay measurement functionality according to the invention and the standardized boundary scan cell according to the prior art without that functionality, respectively. However, for a better understanding of the preferred exemplary refinement of the invention based on a boundary scan cell (FIG. 2) according to IEEE Standard 1149.1 reference is made to IEEE Standard 1149.1�1990, �Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture�, the content of which is entirely incorporated to the disclosure of the present invention by reference.
[0030] As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2 the boundary scan cell is connected between functional paths, such as between input buffers to core or between core to output buffers by a parallel input port PI and a parallel output port PO. In normal mode, i.e. in functional mode, the input port PI is directly connected to the output port PO by setting the mode signal to �0�.
[0031] Between a scan input port SI and an scan output port SO a storage layer is integrated to form shift registers by serially connecting the scan output port SO with the scan input port SI of a further scan cell to generate a scan chain as it is exemplary depicted in FIG. 3 showing a chip having such a boundary scan chain. The control signals for shift, capture and hold functionality as well as the mode signal are generated by a test access port (TAP) controller, based on the preferred embodiment according to the IEEE Standard 1149.1. Referring to the prior art according to FIG. 2, the information at the scan output port SO is of interest only in the shift mode and hence, the output SO is equal to Q. However, as can be seen from FIG. 2 showing the known ordinary boundary scan cell, in all other cases, i.e. if shift is set to �0� to be inactive, the output port SO is totally redundant.
[0032] According to the inventive approach as depicted in FIG. 1 this redundant status of the ordinary boundary scan cell is used to create an additional combinational delay path between the input port SI and the output port SO. For realizing such additional combinational delay path the storage layer between the input and output ports SI and SO is bypassed by the inventive local path BP.
[0033] According to the preferred but exemplar embodiment of FIG. 1, the additional local bypass BP and the storage layer are connected via an additional multiplexer MUX which is also controlled by the shift signal from the TAP-controller. Consequently and based on that improvement, a delay mode can be entered by setting the shift mode as being inactive, i.e. shift is set to �0�. During this delay mode the scan output port SO is not redundant but in functional dependence on the input port SI, i.e. SO=f(SI).
[0034] Moreover, by setting the shift mode to be active to obtain at the scan output port SO the information Q, i.e. if shift mode=�1�, then SO=Q and the original scan mode functionality additionally may be used.
[0035] As mentioned above, by connecting a plurality of scan cells serially to form a shift register, a scan chain according to FIG. 3 is created. Thus, by using an amount of the inventive modified scan cells (FIG. 1) to form such a scan chain with the input port SI of the first scan cell connected to a test data input TDI preferably providing the stimuli input for boundary scan testability and the output port SO of the scan cell forming the end of the scan chain to a test data output TDO an additional delay chain is automatically created from the test data input TDI to the end of the boundary scan register BSR, such as to BSR_TDO (FIG. 4). Based on the exemplar refinement using a boundary scan cell according to the IEEE Standard 1149.1 a delay chain is performed at least from TDI to BSR_TDO, as can be seen from FIG. 4 depicting the specific boundary scan delay chain architecture according to the preferred embodiment.
[0036] Thus, by use of existing, usually standardized boundary scan cells and by creating a purely combinational delay path all input, output and/or bi-directional boundary scan cells may be included in the delay chain, wherein no additional ports or test signals are necessary for the modified delay chain cells. Furthermore, since merely scan library elements are modified internally and the cells have to be routed and placed according to the scan and functional requirements no additional design instances, connectivity and/or topological impact are necessary for creating that inventive scan delay chain in a standardized manner.
[0037] Moreover, by using boundary scan cells, a delay chain running across a whole integrated circuit, such as on a chip according to FIG. 3, can be achieved to cover several process variances of the device comprising that integrated circuit or chip for performing a so-called cross-chip delay measurement incorporating a plurality of nodes, elements, layers and/or vias.
[0038] Based thereon, a delay between the test data input TDI passing the boundary scan register BSR to the BSR_TDO-path, according to the highlighted delay measurement path of FIG. 4, is in functional dependence on the number of pins, i.e. substantially of the number of boundary scan cells incorporated, on the multiplexers, inverters and/or other delay or library elements embedded in the improved scan cells, on cross-chip interconnections, buffers, capacitive loads, on the process, the temperature and/or on the power supply variations.
[0039] As can be seen in FIG. 1, the inventive local bypass path BP can further comprise library elements 10 for additionally connecting respective delay elements. In any case, however, no additional design instances and connectivity are necessary, since only given scan library elements are modified internally and the cell ports are still the same within the modified delay scan cell. Furthermore, since the improved scan cells merely have to be routed and placed according to the usually standardized scan and functional requirements, a delay chain including the improved boundary scan cells is still conform to the boundary scan functionality requirements, i.e. with regard to the exemplary embodiment to the IEEE Standard 1149.1.
[0040] Moreover, the additional multiplexer MUX within the local bypass path BP is advantageously adding a delay between the shift registers which increases the hold time margin, i.e. to improve the skew safety margin for the test clock TCK for avoiding skew and/or holding-time problems.
[0041] Mainly referring next to FIG. 4, the principle delay chain access and initialization mechanism based on the preferred embodiment, i.e. based on the IEEE Standard 1149.1, is described in more detail. To get into the boundary scan delay chain mode it is necessary to find a state within the test access port controller (TAP) where the shift control is not active. This, however, is the case in the test-logic-reset state which is (asynchronously) entered when the reset pin TRSTN is set to �0�. As a consequence, the path from the boundary scan register BSR comprising the serially connected boundary scan cells to the test data output pin TDO, i.e. in particular to the path BSR_TDO, is in functional dependence on the test data input TDI for providing the test stimuli input.
[0042] However, based on the example using a boundary scan cell chain according to the IEEE Standard 1149.1 the delay path or chain is still not accessible from the device pin. According to that standard an other part or register, such as a bypass register BR, may be automatically selected and not the boundary scan register BSR. Furthermore, also a multiplexer BS-MUX and a test data output flip-flop TDO-FF acts as blocking elements for the inventive boundary scan delay chain. Thus, according to a preferred refinement to still keep the access and initialization simple, the BSR_TDO-path is bypassing the multiplexer BS-MUX and the output flip-flop TDO-FF to a separate delay chain output test pin DCO.
[0043] It has to be noted, however, that there are no compelling reasons in general, to provide a delay test pin DCO separated from a given test data output pin TDO, as it is obvious for a person skilled in the art.
[0044] The separate test pin DCO can be controlled by a separate test mode signal TM to keep it in tristate condition during functional mode. But even this is optional, since the test data input pin TDI is pulled to operating voltage VDD according to the standard, i.e. TDI=�1� and hence, keeps the whole boundary scan delay chain path quiescent in functional mode. As mentioned above with regard to the test pin DCO also the pin TM may be shared with other test pins, such as a test pin for a RAM (random access memory) test mode, a PLL (phase locked loop) test mode, a core scan test mode and/or similar test modes.
[0045] Consequently, for performing a delay measurement, in particular a cross-chip delay measurement an easy and direct access by a given test data input TDI and test data output TDO or delay chain output DCO is provided when using inventively modified boundary scan cells. Also, the quality level of a device can easily be determined on a circuit pack without any need of additional IC-testers or special loadboards.
[0046] For an implementation of the inventive scan delay chain the following flow preferably may be used. Prior to create a respective (boundary) scan-chain according to given scan and functionality requirements by means of specific favorite tools, the standard boundary scan cells have to be extended into the inventive boundary scan delay chain-cells according to the afore-discussed inventive approach. During the logic synthesis of the scan-chain, the boundary scan delay chain path is defined as being a false path to avoid futile optimization efforts. Subsequent to the performing of simulation to verify a correct standardized scan behavior, a static timing analysis (STA) as known should be performed on the respective delay chain output-port DCO for an estimated, floorplan and/or layout timing. Based on that timing information an estimation of the accuracy of wiring and/or load models and the definition of a process window, i.e. the best and worst case production process window can be carried out.
[0047] According to the practical use of the inventive scan delay chain measurement providing a substantially standardized methodology, there are basically three different fields of applications, i.e. during the design, the production of an electrical device comprising complex integrated circuits and in the field itself.
[0048] In detail, one of the preferred applications is the delay characterization during the design implementation process with link to layout. Starting from a top-level assembly, an estimated (wiring) delay calculation and static timing analysis is performed. The implementation is improved by floor planning and trial layout generation which incorporates more or less accurate topological information, which is back-annotated into the standard delay format database. It finally concludes with the frozen layout. During this whole process the timing behavior concerning best case and worst case (BC/WC) variations, load, wiring and/or routing estimations and/or variations can be characterized with the inventive delay chain preferably based on the dedicated boundary scan cells which elements are stable during the whole flow.
[0049] According to a second field of application, the delay measurement of fabricated devices may be performed. This can be done with a special but simple test-program on the production tester having a measurement feature. Furthermore, the delay measurement can easily be done with the device mounted on board during a system-test and even in the field with the simple access and initialization possibilities as described above with regard to the IEEE Standard 1149.1.
[0050] In all cases of preferred applications, the device quality, i.e. the location of the propagation delay within the BC/WC (best/worst case) delay window can easily be determined.
[0051] Although the invention is described with regard to a preferred embodiment based on or derived from the IEEE Standard 1149.1, it should be obvious for a person skilled in the art that several modifications depending on specific requirements can be carried out without departing from the protective scope of the invention.
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Ti-Touch - Model 916 - Potentiometric Titratorby Metrohm USA Inc. based in Riverview, FLORIDA (USA)
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Frame It All – Simple Modular Gardens. The gardens that grow with you. Frame It All Two Inch Series Anchor Joint Two-Pack allows you to easily create or extend your raised garden bed. 360 degree swivel allows for endless design options. Anchor joints are used to connect any Two Inch Series boards together (at any angle), and connect the raised bed to the ground. The barbed stake prevents heaving and shifting caused by temperature change or freezing. If you would like to install your raised bed on a hard surface (such as roof tops, patios or decks) the stake can be removed. Frame It All Two Inch Series Anchor Joints can be used with any Frame It All Two Inch Series board or standard 2 in. x 6 in. lumber.
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Buckets Blakes of the world famous Harlem Globetrotters made a special visit to Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital today to perform tricks, sign autographs and pose for pictures with our pediatric patients. Smile Patrol is the Harlem Globetrotters' hospital outreach program designed to brighten the day of special fans unable to attend a game. The Harlem Globetrotters will perform at the Carrier Dome Thursday, Feb. 3. For more information, visit http://www.harlemglobetrotters.com.
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Casa Elena - Villa
from £58 /night help
Apartment | 1 bedrooms | sleeps 3
|Key Info
Located in a quiet area 200m from Port des Torrent Blue Flag Beach with bars/restaurants to suit every taste, shops, watersports,water park, tennis courts,water taxi and 24hr half hourly bus service to surrounding beaches and San Antonio all within easy walking distance. This large single storey villa is divided into three completely self contained apartments all situated around a central courtyard leading down to the BBQ area, gardens and swimming pool.
Port des Torrent is a small village situated on the South West side of the island famous for it's sunsets.
|Sleeps up to 3, 1 bedrooms
|Nearest beach
|Port des Torrent 200 m
|Car not necessary
|Nearest Amenities
|200 m
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Ibiza 12 km
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Internet access, DVD player, Staffed property
|Private outdoor pool (unheated)
|Central heating, Safe, Satellite TV, Wi-Fi available
|Kettle, Toaster, Iron, Hair dryer
|Clothes dryer, Cooker, Fridge, Freezer
|1 bedroom, 1 bathrooms of which 1 En suites
|1 Sofa beds, Single beds (2), Double beds (1), Dining seats for 4, Lounge seats for 4
|Linen provided, Towels provided
|Private outdoor pool (unheated), Balcony or terrace, Private garden, BBQ
|Further details
Ashtrays are provided for smoking outside only.
The villa can be rented as a whole or as individual apartments.
The Balearic Islands region
Ibiza has a typical mediteranean climate very lush green landscape with beautiful beaches and hidden coves. Famous for the arrival of the hiipies in the 60's and now for it's club parties, chill out bars and beautiful sunsets.
Cala Port des Torrent
Port des Torrent is on the south west side of the island where the best sunsets are. It is a small village with plenty of bars, restaurants to suit every taste, shops and 24/7 bus service all within easy walking distance of the villa.
Availability Your dates are available
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16 Jan 2012
"Relaxing getaway"
the apartments are situated in a quiet rural area, only a few minutes walk from a lovely beach. There are plenty of local bars and restaurants within walking distance. The apartments are extremely c… More
19 Aug 2011
"Perfect in every way"
As a group of 9 we stayed with Nik & Viv for my 30th Birthday it was perfect in every way. It is just outside San An but only 20E in a taxi to get to Ibiza Town. There are some great restaurants near the villa as well as a nice quiet beach (we still managed to do a cliff jumping & snorkeling trip). The villa was extremely well maintained and the pool is nice & secluded.
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"I keep my ideals, because in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart."
"You complain and cry as the days go by. You work for paychecks rather than fly. Your dirt-nap draws closer, almost time to lie. Start LIVING THE DREAM, before you die."
"My Visions and Skills grow Stronger each day, through perseverance and persistence it's the only way!"
"Growing through a Journey that was chosen just for Me. Living out Loud is exactly where I want to be!"


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Live More and More Intensly
I got divorced recently (after 8 years of separation) and this year I will be 60. Although being single allows you to finally live your own life accordingly to your own rules, it is hard to say that it is in any way fulfilling. There is always unexplored potential. I do my research in my area, take care of my grad students and other students, find time to pursuit my interests in historical knowledge which is both, related to all kinds of conspiracy theories as well as belonging to the main stream historical fields, I do paintings and/or drawings, travel and explore other cultures, make friends around the world and learn all the time. Learning is the most important part of my life. You are probably brain-dead person if you cannot learn anymore! For me learning Chinese (in my age of 60) became an obsession and I am doing a progress (I already know 4 languages). Please remember knowledge is the real power. Lack of it is a disaster.
The basic problem is that one believes that everything is real, and thus everything is treated as such.
---Kalu Rinpoche
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Especially if their taps are on the floor above the kegerator. I have my kegerator in the basement, and my taps are about 8 ft above, in the kitchen. I ran a loop of 1/4 OD copper line, along with my beer lines, insulated in a bundle, inside 2 inch PVC. My problem is that I can't find a pond pump that will pump the water all the way up to the taps. I bought a $20 on and a $40, and i doesn't seem like the more expensive one is any better. So if anyone is using a pond pump in a similar application, what size pump did you get? Where did you get it, and how much was it? I'd like something that is small enough to not require a giant bucket of water in my fridge, if possible. Any help or input is appreciated. I'm sick of foamy first pours, and I've only had my taps for 2 days!!!
Its gonna take more than a $40 pump to clear 8 feet of head. I can't tell you much more than that, but I spent $60 on a pump just to clear 5 feet head and still have enough flow rate.
You need a fountain pump, not a pond pump. The WT470 can handle an 8' lift, $35.
Remember one unassailable statistic, as explained by the late, great George Carlin: "Just think of how stupid the average person is, and then realize half of them are even stupider!"
"I would like to die on Mars, just not on impact." Elon Musk


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Hair & Beauty
Editor Approved: A Treatment That Eliminates Large Pores and Acne Scars Before Your Big Day
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Now that you and your husband are married, it's time to send out thank-you notes.
A waterfront property in New Jersey was the perfect spot for this couple's lush wedding.
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She gets down and dirty with husband Mark Consuelos as often as possible!
It happens to us all at one point or another, but here's how to emerge triumphant!
Now that you've got the guy and the bling, here's where the real work starts.


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Sleep Inn
140 Venita Drive
O'Fallon, IL 62269
Phone: (618) 589-3999
Fax: (618) 589-3908
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140 Venita Drive , O'Fallon, IL, US, 62269
- Phone: (618) 589-3999
- Fax: (618) 589-3908
4.3 out of 5 (191 reviews)
87% of guests recommend this hotel
Monsanto Insectarium (St. Louis Zoo)
1 Government Drive
St. Louis, MO 63110
+1 314 781 0900
Su to Sa from 09:00 AM to 05:00 PMThe Monsanto Insectarium is one of the creepier attractions at the famed St. Louis Zoo. Decked by a giant scorpion at the entrance, the creepiness just increases from there. However, many children and parents alike are marveled by the lives of all the magnificent insects in the world. Characteristic of St. Louis Zoo, the focus of this attraction is education. You can read and learn about your favorite insects, but be sure to keep your eyes open, since anything may be crawling around the corner. - Cathryn D. Blue
Earn valuable points toward free nights.


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I get a 100 or so Wine bottles that I scrounge from resturants etc.., fill the bathtub with the hottest water that my bioler produces, and then Dump in a whole lot of "Arm & Hammer - Washing SODA" Put bottles in bath - and then leave for a few hours. Most of the labels and glue are soaked off, though some scrubbing is needed here and there.
Rinse well, dry. Put away till ready to bottle.
Please note - it is Washing SODA, not the baking soda, or washing detergent.
I have not tried the oxyclean, but that is a possibilty later. Washing soda is considerably cheaper though
Nothing - Out of room - have to bottle something before I can fit more on the aging shelf.
Lost count, too many damn carboys
just tried the oxyclean method on the last bacth and DAYUM!! does that ever work well! labels fall right off no problem
In Primary:
In Secondary:
On Tap:
Shiner Mock (Shiner Bock Clone)
Highlanders Glory (Strong Scottish Ale)
Krawler Kolsch
Peachy Keen (Peach Ale)
Venemous Vanilla Porter
Zen Kolsch (Green Tea Honey Kolsch)
Slam Dunkel (Dunkelweizen)
Milky Stout (Sweet/Milk Stout)
Barley Bliss (18.5% ABV Barley Wine)
Victory Vanilla Porter
Spiced Holiday Porter
One poster mentioned laminated labels with a hard-to-remove gum posing a problem. It might help to score the labels before soaking. Take a serrated knife, wallpaper scoring tool or some other relatively sharp tool and make a few slashes in the label, as close to the glass as you can get. This will allow the soaking solution to get underneath the paper (i.e. through the laminate), which should help.
-------------On-deck: an ESB; a Sierra Nevada Porter clone; an Irish AlePrimary: cleaningSecondary 1: Summer WheatSecondary 2: American AleBottled/Conditioning: LonelyBottled/Drinking: Heineken clone w/Calif. Ale yeast; Fat Tire clone
My way of removing labels is to soak them in warm water for 10 minutes, whip out a carving knife, and just run the blade along the glass. If the label has been soaking long enough then this will remove it pretty fast. Afterward, for those few spots that are left, I just hit it with a scouring pad and blammo. This saves the pads from getting fouled up with label stuff since they are only used to remove the little flecks, instead of the whole label.
Used the Oxy Clean method on a total of 70+ Grolsch and Fisher's Ale bottles this week. Filled the sink with hot water and a few scoops of Oxy Clean powder, let them soak for a few hours.
Worked like a charm. Labels floated off, and the glue rinsed off. Thanks, all, for the insight!
Okay... got the be-all, end-all method for removing all but metallic labels from any bottle. I used this method just a couple of weeks ago:
1. Add one cup of ammonia (not bleach! - just use straight ammonia) to five gallons of cold water. I got a bottle of ammonia from the local Albertsons grocery store for a couple of bucks. (EDIT: Never combine ammonia and bleach. It creates toxic fumes. Just wanted to add that side note for safety.)
2. Submerge bottles in the solution overnight. NO scoring of the labels is required. (EDIT: unless the labels are metallic. You might need to perforate or score those to allow the solution to soak the backside of the label)
3. Next day, pick bottles out of the solution and wipe the label off with a finger. Of course, that's assuming the thing doesn't just slide off as you lift it out of the solution. It completely dissolves the glue. Rinse and store.
Ammonia isn't real easy on the sinuses, so I suggest you do this outdoors. I tell you, it can't get any easier than that.
ive just started my beer bottle collecting empire a month ago, and the 100+ bottles ive done, i just fill up my wifes bathtub with hot as hell bleach water and let them soak for a couple hours. the labels come right off and i only have to scrub a little glue residue. no fancy chemicals that "use the air you breathe...."
the smell is strong, but bearable. my wife doesnt mind because it leaves her bathtub nice and white. its pretty cool though, it looks like a small "beer bottle armada" when they are floating around.


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Trend Lab Baby Levi 3 pc. Crib Bedding SetItem # HN-TRL1424
- 3-piece crib bedding set in Baby Levi theme
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The Trend Lab Baby Levi 3 pc. Crib Bedding Set goes with all sorts of nursery decors and adds a vibrant, bouncy aura to any room. This all-cotton set – which comes with a quilt, fitted sheet, and a box pleat skirt –features chevron zigzags that add the perfect amount of style and radiance to your baby''s nursery.About Trend LabFormed in 2001 in Minnesota, Trend Lab is a privately held company proudly owned by women. Rapid growth in the past five years has put Trend L


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Brahms: Piano Trio No. 3, Op. 101; Schubert: Piano Trio No. 2, D929 / Sitkovetsky Trio
1 CD / Wigmore Hall Live / 2014-10-28Works: Johannes Brahms: Trio for Piano and Strings no 3 in C minor, Op. 101; Franz Schubert: Trio for Piano and Strings no 2 in E flat major, Op. 100, D 929
Performers: Sitkovetsky Trio [Piano Trio]
Ensemble: Sitkovetsky Trio
Founded in 2007 at the Yehudi Menuhin School, the Sitkovetsky Trio has now emerged as one of the outstanding young trios of today, in high...continue...
Recording information: Wigmore Hall, London (09/19/2013)....continue...
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Colonial Garden Apartments
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Located in the heart of Downtown Newark. With-in walking distance to UD campus. Just steps away from shopping.
Located in the heart of Newark, Colonial Garden Apartments offers a peaceful location, while being convenient to area shopping and restaurants and just minutes from I95. Surrounded matured trees and manicured lawns, we invite you to enjoy the security of our beautiful courtyard hidden within our colonial style community. At colonial Garden you will experience superb customer service.
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Ibis Budapest Aero
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Budapest had good vibes.
Yesterday was one of the most lovely and relaxing days ever. We slept in and then pampered ourselves. Budapest is known for being the "City of Baths" so we figured we had to see what all the fuss was about. So we left our hostel in search of food and a bath! The food we found was super amazing. I'm not 100% sure what I had... But it included fresh, hand made pasta and a lot of paprika. I'm a big fan. Then we went to the a Gellért Baths. They were built to ...
A day on our backsides
... 30 and taken in a mini-bus with an English couple and a Spanish couple. The guide conducted the tour in both English and Spanish. He took us by mini-bus to each of the towns and then we returned from our final destination by boat down the Danube in a 1 hour trip.
The morning was cold and windy, we crossed into Slovakia and had the opportunity to walk across the Danube from Slovakia back into Hungary. The trip was informative and very relaxing. The weather improved over ...
Baths and shopping
Today we decided to both treat ourselves- Jim went to the Rudas baths on the Buda side (men only during the week, you can guess why). I dropped him off and paid for his entry in Hungarian (the lady at the payment desk wanted to be sure it was just him going in). After giving him return instructions several times and making him repeat it back to be sure he got it, I went back to Pest to do some shopping. ...
And here you are Budapest
... to the castle.
My second full day in Budapest was spent on a walking tour getting to know more about the city, however, the guide lacked confidence and spoke very quietly so I missed most of what she said. The tour ended in Buda near the castle and I spent the rest of the day exploring a little bit more of Buda with an Australian I met on the walking tour.
Afterwards we headed to the 'House of Terror', a museum back on the Pest side that was housed in a ...
Saturday in Budapest with 200,000 friends
... often cheaper to tear the buildings down than to fix all of the structural and mechanical problems,)
We were impressed by the number of upscale shops that have opened in the city. Many large hotels (Marriott, Sofitel, InterContinental, etc.) have been built along the river. The government has made a concerted effort to improve mass transit (a new subway line opened today) and they are developing tourist-related events, For example, this weekend is the ...


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10 Steps to Pick the Right Doctor
Whether you need a primary care doctor or a specialist, these 10 steps will ensure you find the right doctor for you. View Slideshow
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A crucial front from Nepal's Terai plains has decided to pull out of talks for the restructuring of the state and devolution of power, amid a row with the three main parties in the country.
The United Democratic Madhesi Front (UDMF), an alliance of the Terai-based parties with some six dozen lawmakers in the parliament, had been involved in talks with the government and the main opposition Nepali Congress over its demand for a single autonomous Madhes State comprising the 20 districts in the southern plains bordering India.
J.P. Gupta, Chairman of Madhesi Janadhikar Forum — Republic (MJF-R), one of the constituents of the Front, said they are ready to talk on forming a panel of experts on state restructuring, but would not discuss the issue of the setting up of a State Restructuring Committee (SRC) any further.
"We came for the meeting as the leaders of the three parties had assured us an alternative to SRC," Mr. Gupta was quoted as saying by Nepalnews online.
Speaking to reporters after the meeting, UDMF leaders said they will not agree to the formation of SRC and will not further discuss it.
Nepal's Terai plains are home to about half of the country's 30 million people, and the residents of the region, are known as Madhesis, who are of Indian ethnic origin.
The pro-Terai parties argue that people in the Madhesi-dominated southern plains have long been treated as second-class citizens in Nepal, where hill-origin elites dominate politics, the security forces and business.
They have demanded greater economic and political rights, including more representation in the State structure.
UDMF comprises of MJF-Republic, MJF-Loktantrik, Terai Madhes Loktantrik Party (TMLP), TMLP-Nepal and Sadbhawana party. They have been demanding for a single autonomous Madhes State comprising of all 20 districts in the Terai.
Keywords: Nepal political crisis, drafting constitution


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Home » Local News » Politics and reality of most favoured nation
Posted on 01 December 2011. Tags: Dubai Business, Dubai News
On Wednesday, this writer had the opportunity of seeing young children play on the Upper West side of Manhattan
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